<^ BERUM BRITANNICARUM MEDII ^VI SCRIPTORES, OK CHRONICLES AND MEMOEIALS OF GREAT BRITAIN - AND IRELAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. THE CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS or GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. PUBLISHED BT THE AUTHORITT OV HER MAJESTT's TRliASURY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OP THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS. On the 26th of January 1857, the Master of the Rolls submitted to the Treasury a proposal for the publication of materials for the History of this Country from the Invasion of the Romans to the Reign of Henry VIII. The Master of the Rolls suggested that these materials should be selected for publication under competent editors without reference to periodical or chronological arrange- ment, without mutilation or abridgment, preference being given, in the first instance, to such materials as were most scarce and valuable. He proposed that each chronicle or historical document to be edited should be treated in the same way as if the editor were engaged on an Editio Princeps ; and for this purpose the most cori'ect text should be formed from an accurate collation of the best MS 8. To render the work more generally useful, the Master of the Rolls suggested that the editor should give an account of the MSS. employed by him, of their age and their peculiarities ; that he should add to the work a brief account of the life and times of the authoi*, and any remarks necessary to explaiii Ihe chronology ; but no other note or comment was to be allowed, except what might be necessary to establish the correctness of the text. The works to be published in octavo, separately, as they were finished ; the whole responsibility of the task resting upon the editors, who were to be chosen by the Master of the Rolls with the sanction of the Treasury. The Lords of Her Majesty's Treasury, after a careful consideration of the subject, expressed their opinion in a Treasury Minute, dated February 9, 1857, that the plan recommended by the Master of the Rolls " was well calculated for the accomplishment of this important national object, in an effectual and satisfactory manner, within a reasonable time, and provided proper attention be paid to economy, in making the detailed arrangements, without unnecessary expense." They expressed their approbation of the proposal that each chronicle and historical document should be edited in such a manner as to represent with all possible correct- ness the text of each writer, derived from a collation of the best MSS., and that no notes should be added, except such as were illustrative of the various readings. They suggested, however, that the preface to each work should contain, in addition to the particulars proposed by the Master of the Rolls, a biographical account of the author, so far as authentic materials existed for that purpose, and an estimate of his historical credibility and value. In compliance with the order of the Treasury, the Master of the Rolls has selected for publication for the present year such works as he considered best calculated to fill up the chasms existing in the printed materials of English history ; and of these works the present is one. Rolls House, Dccpmher 1857. MONUMENTA FRANCISCANA. ^^.iims l^fhuit «flmnyi)":^ Akwttt; "'«vttiTit- .ifpfrowit ii«MJsi\tl>i feryf- "iT- f ^wf Vfftiejijvi i,f„,^ c Adae de Marisco Epistolae. TT'M- "MTs. MONUMENTA FRANCISCANA; SCILICET, I.-THOMAS DE ECCLESTON DE ADYENTU PRATRUM MINORUM IN ANGLIAM. II.-ADtE DE MARISCO EPISTOLiE. III.-REGISTRUM PRATRUM MINORUM LONDONIJ^. EDITED J. S. BREWER, M.A., PKOFESSOK OP ENGLISH LITERATURE, KING's COLLEGE, LONDON, AND KEADER AT THE ROLLS. PUBLKHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF HER MAJESTY'S TREASURY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS. LONDON: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, LONGMANS, AND ROBERTS. 1858. S-3 V. \ CONTENTS. Page. Preface ---------ix Thomas de Eccieston - 3 Ad^ de Marisco Epistol^ - - - .- - 75 ReGISTRUM FrATRUM MlNORUM - - _ - 491 Appendix -- ..-.._- 545 Notes - -. - 631 Index, &c. 645 PREFACE. PllEPACE. I.— OF THE ERA EMBRACED IN THE WORK. Our volume commences with tlie arrival and settle- ment of the Franciscan,' Minorite, or Gray Friars in England, in 1226, two years before the death of their founder, St. Francis, in the 9th year of the reign of Henry III., and of Honorius III., successor to Pope Innocent III. It was a stirring and important epoch in the history Infidel ten- of Europe. When the policy of Innocent III. seemed ^^ork jn the on the eve of being crowned with success, a new and istli ceu- more potent influence had started up to threaten the faith of Christendom. The genius of the papacy had provided for all other contingencies ; not for this. ' Franciscan, from the founder's name, Gray Friars, from the colour of their habit, — Minores or Mino- rites, as the youngest and humblest of the religious foundations. The last title has given birth to many speculations ; but see p. 565 of this volume. Later writers of the Ordei- are fond of a pious quibble on the •word. "Etenim si dicat Abraliam, ' Fulvis et cinis sum,' Franciscus dicet adhuc, 'Minor sum.' Si David, ' Mendicus sum et pauper, immo, vermis sum, et non homo,' Franciscus, ' Minor sum.' Si Solo- mon, ' StuUissimus sum virorum,' Franciscus, ' Minor sum.' ... Si D. Franciscus de Paula cum suis dicat, ' Nos Minimi sumus,' noster Franciscus dicet, ' Minores Minimis sumus.' " X PREFACE. Slowly had it come to he recognized as tlie central and supreme authority of the West. The ideal of Gregory VII. had been wrought into h system ; Italian policy was playing a successful game in all the courts of Christendom. But a new difficulty had arisen ; the Crusades, fostered by the Popes to support the j^apacy had ended, as all violent antagonisms do end, in producing the most opposite results to those wluch the promoters of these expeditions had anti- cipated. The conversion of the Saracens had not been secured ; — it seemed much more likely that the converters would become converted. Oriental habits, tastes, and sciences, Oriental modes of thought, and with them tlie moral and ph3^sical diseases of the East, were advancing with a fascination and rapidity not easily described. The simj^ler people were falling before the more cultivated and subtle. The danger was not the less because the causes and progress of the mischief were scarcely seen or understood. More espe- Contemporary with this new influence, gaining life the towns, fi'^m it, and lending strength to it in return, the mer- cantile communities (if yet they deserved that name) were rapidly gaining an importance hitherto unknown. The commercial energies of the Venetians, quickened into life by the Crusades, had reacted on all similar com- munities in Christendom. Italian legates at the courts, Italian prelates in every town of importance, covered the West with a sympathetic network of commu- nication, diflfusing Italian influence and the love of Italian art and luxury through every corner of Europe. Hitherto the towns had been little better than cities of refuge for the slave from feudal oppression. Suc- cessive invasions, from the fifth to the eleventh cen- tury, had trampled out the ancient aristocracy of the city ; the invaders had thrashed out tlie treasure, not to settle, but to carry their spoils into the country and leave the refuse behind. In vain did the law PREFACE. XI hold out encouragement to trade, and a promise of nobility to the trader. Life in the town was intoler- able to the free .spirit of the German ; it was every- where a bado-e of disffrace. " But the preference thus given to the country where the baron was paramount, and his will unrestrained, drove from the fields into the town whatever remained unsubdued of the spirit of freedom and energy. In the town the Anglo-Saxon thane or alderman could shut his eyes and his gates upon his oppressor. Utterly destitute of social comfort or civilization, except what the Roman had left him, he felt himself secure behind his walls and ditches from the reach of feudal tyranny. He was in equal degree secure from ecclesiastical supervision and interference. Monasteries had provided for the spiritual rule and welfare of the country ; for the towns there was no such provision. Nor, if tliere had been, was the inhabitant of the town likely to derive advantage from it. At this day we contrast the superiority in point of intelligence and education of the town over the comitry. In the tliirteenth century these advantages were reversed. Schools and libraries, all that survived of art and science from the Teutonic and Norman deluge, existed only in the great monastic societies. Like colleges or Universities spread throughout the country, monas- teries diffused learning and education, habits of order and economy among the tenants of the soil. The inhabitant of the town, deprived of these benefits, had to struggle on to light and order, self-taught and self- sustained. He learned from early times, as best he could, habits of independence. The same spirit which animated the great manufacturing cities in the south of France, and made them the centres of opposition to the feudal baron and equally feudal bishop, con- stituted them also the centres of all freedom of b 2 Xn TREFACE. opinion, of all subtle and obstinate heresies ; subtle, because the clergy did not understand them ; obsti- nate, because they could feel no sympathy for those who entertained them. If the towns sympathized with any faith, or any forms of philosophy, the Oriental liad for them the greatest temptation. It was most opposed to that authority which they dis- liked ; it was most intimately connected with their commercial prosperity. The Fran- It was fortunate, then, that the efforts to carry missi^narv Christianity among the masses of the towns proceeded to the town, from one who was not an ecclesiastic, and had received no ecclesiastical education. Happily for the objects of his mission, St. Francis had been brought up as a factor for his father, a wealthy merchant. He had early opportunities, through his mercantile occupations, of coming into contact with the manufacturing population ; and his whole life shows, as well as the rule which he gave to his followers, that he understood better than most men (whatever else might be his failings) the true nature of his mission and the character of the people with whom he had to deal. He had to strip Christianity, in the first instance, of the regal robe in which Popes and prelates had invested it ; to preach it as the gospel of the poor and the oppressed. It was not to be a trap for men's obedience ; it was not to demand a surrender of that independence which the commons of the towns had guarded so jealously, and purchased at such costly sacrifices. He caught the poorest in their poverty ; the subtle in their subtlety ; sending among them preachers as ill-clad and as ill- fed, but as deep thinkers in all respects as themselves. Like other reformers of his age, his earhest thoughts were directed to the Saracens. Among them he pro- poses to labour. But his pm-poses right themselves and find their due employment in a larger and more PREFACE. Xlll important field. His followers are to visit the towns two and two ; in just so much clothing as tlie com- monest mendicant could purchase. They are to sleep at nights under arches, or in the porches of desolate and deserted churches, among idiots, lepers, and out- casts ; to beg their bread from door to door ; to set an example of piety and submission. " If," he said, " I had as much wisdom as Solomon, and happened " to find the poorest, simplest priests in the world, I " would not preach in the parishes, wherein they " dwell, contrary to their will." And this doctrine of poverty he carried to an excess which would seem fanatical and extravagant, if viewed apart from the circumstances of the times and the object he sought to attain. But his caution on this point, excessive as it seems, His rule do. can scarcely be thought unnecessary. It was the only ^^'j,™!^! sure method of reaching the large and neglected ingiy. classes in the town, to whom the wealth of the clergy appeared intolerable, not without reason, if we may trust the denunciations of Grostete and Adam de Ma- risco. In the utter absence of discipline during the first half of the thirteenth century, livings were be- coming hereditary in the hands of an unmarried clergy; the gross disorders and licentiousness of the times jus- tified the exclamation of St. Bernard : " It is no longer " true that the priests are as bad as the people ; for " the priests are worse than the people." Such it clergy were ill suited to gain influence among the miserable population of the towns in the middle ages, had they been willing to attempt the task. But how were they to be supported, if they had ? No institutions existed, as in the country, Avhere the abbot presiding over a college of monks held at once the position of a wealthy intelligent landlord and a spiritual ruler of a numerous tenantry? If the poor Franciscan xiv PREFACE. friar was an interloper, he was an interloper in a pro- vince which nobody except himself had cared to occupj''; and for a reward which none valued but himself It is important that these facts should be borne in mind by those who desire to understand the history of this period. It is of no less importance for under- standing the sphere in which the labour of the Fran- ciscan was to be exercised, and how he himself was formed by that society whicli lie was moulding. The Franciscan is the missionary of the town ; he has nothing whatever to do with the country. He belongs to the rising community of the town. He is their representative in many particulars, as well as their teacher. Like them he assumes different characters ; he appears imder different forms ; unlike the monk, Avho is stable and uniform. If he departs from the jirimitive institution of his founder, it is so because he is raised with the population among whom his lot is cast. With their wealth he must in some measure grow wealthy also. Still, he is the poor missionary preacliing to the poor ; dependent entirely on their sympathies ; disappearing when those sympathies are withdrawn. Never a landowner ; never so far removed from his primitive condition as to cease to be a men- dicant. Out of this dependence sprung his strength and his errors. He is the genuine product of the vo- luntary system. The Beces- It may be difhcult, perhaps impossible, at this dis- ^l!Z.^r.r, .'^ tance, to realize the social condition of the towns of Europe in the thirteenth century, and consequently, the importance of this new movement. The evidence for the history of the land is complete ; for the towns it is meagre and unsatisfactory. Their municipal insti- tutions are in full vigour long before history affords the least insight into their social condition or material prosperity. A political order is established among PREFACE. XV ihcin, has been working luirniouionsly fur centuries, in a state of society utterly inadequate, in all appearance, to the creation of such wise laws, of authority so judiciously modified. In these communities we trace not the germs, but the fully developed forms of self- government, at a time when, in material comforts, the towns of Western Europe differed little from the rudest mud hovels or shanties of the remotest country viUage in Ireland or the West of Scotland. If it be true that the English artizan stepped out of his mud-hovel into a more muddy street, when the Moor at one corner of Europe and the Florentine at the other were enjoying the luxury of palaces and the civic improve- ments of a polished capital ; equally true it is that the Enghsh mechanic was living in the enjoyment of municipal institutions and privileges, which, with all the advantages of imitation and the lapse of five cen- turies, his predecessors in the arts have jei failed to realize. Notwithstanding, then, the many material discom- from the forts, and the absence . of all due means of cleanliness igQce of and health, requisite for preserving large masses of disease and , . ^ , , . ^ L , j^ 1 unhealthy population, crowded into narrow streets, trom degene- condition rating into brutality, the town populations of England ^^ ^^^^ and of Europe were preserved in some measure from that moral degradation which might have been antici- pated from their social condition. Perhaps the exer- tion necessary for defending their privileges may have secured this happy result ; still a vast amount of squalor and wretchechiess, of ignorance and poverty, existed in the towns without any adequate means for counteraction. Improvement could not keep pace with the rapid increase of population. Fever nnd plague, strange and destructive epidemics, spread Avith miexampled rapidity. Whole quarters of the cit}^ suffered from the scourge, without ade(][uate meaiis of XVI PREFACE. in-evention ;^ without remedy or reparation for the evil when it had occurred. Markets were scantily and irregularly supplied ; roads intercepted by a feudal aristocracy or a discontented sovereign ; an entire population as in the industrious towns of the Low Countries exposed to periodical starvation. The nar- rowness and intricacy of the streets, serving as a protection against the mounted knight and his men- at-arms, served also a worse enemy, the plague or the sweating sickness, and decimated the population, to whom sanitary precautions wei'e unknown. The lazy ditches and stagnant ponds, into v/hich ran the refuse and garbage of the shambles, — a poor protection to the various quarters of the town, — sent up their fetid odours, rank with fever and ague, into the stifled chamber and open booth of the artizan. Upon the higher ground, as may be seen in many towns in England at the present day, stood the Guildhall and the Ward of the Aldermen, distinguished by houses partially built of stone pilfered from the old Roman monuments, forming a striking contrast to the outer circle and the suburbs, where, down to the water's edge, and sti'aggling beyond it, in an uncertain and precarious tenure, rose wooden sheds, rudely plas- tered or white-washed, on the edge of the towii-ditch, sheltering the last new settlers that had flocked into the town for occupation or protection ; a mixed race, of whom little inquiry was made ; tolerated, not ac- knowledged ; of all blood, all climates, and all religions ; permitted to live or die, as it pleased God or them- selves, provided only that they yielded due obedience ' "The two pests of London," says Will. Stephanidcs, " are the constant fires and the immoderate potations of fools." Vita S. Thomro, p. 7. 1>REFACE. XVI I to tlie proper civic authorities. Here the leprosy and the })lague were certain to enter first ; here infection did its worst. In the higher city there might be parish churches and schools ; a skilful leech to look after the welfare, bodily and spiritual, of the inhabi- tants. In defect of these, the different guilds esta- blished in the City proper provided in some measure for the instruction and comfort of the master and his apprentices. The city ponds and rivulets yielded fresh water to those who were willing to fetch it ; the chaplain of the guild, its church or chapel, provided for the common worship and spiritual welfare of its members ; the common purse of the guild furnished relief against sudden misfortune, and paid for the funeral obsequies and masses of the defunct brother. But for the unguilded population, who resided in the suburbs, and increased daily and rapidly in the un- settled condition of the country, or as the oppression or harshness or stern justice of the feudal baron made the town a more safe and desirable abiding place tlian the country ; for these there were no such advantages. Imagination can only conceive their condition ; history is silent. Now, it was to this class of the population, in the The Fran- C1SC3I1 set— first instance, that the attention of the Franciscan was jj^g j^ "^j^g directed ; in these wretched localities his convent and suburbs Order were seated. I have not been able to examine ^iregs of the tlie primitive position of all their religious houses in population. England ; but a glance at the more important will show the general correctness of this statement. In London, York, Warwick, Oxford, Bristol, Lynn, and elsewhere, their convents stood in the suburbs and abutted on the city walls. They made choice of the low, swampy, and undrained spots in the large towns, among the poorest and most neglected quarters. Unlike the magnificent monasteries and abbeys, which excite admiration to this day, their buildings, to the very xviii PREFACE. last, retained their primitive squat, low, and meagre proportions. Tlieii-- first house, at their settlement in London, stood in the neighbourhood of Coiiihill, where they built cells, stuffing the party-walls with dried grass.^ Near the shambles in Newgate, and close upon the city gate of that name, on a spot appro- priately called Stinking Lane, rose the chief house of the Order in England. In Oxford the j^arish of St. Ebbe's, in Cambridge the decayed town gaol, in Norwich the water side, running close to the walls of the town, are the special and chosen spots of the ' My readers must disabuse their minds of the grand conventual build- ings wbicli they are accustomed to associate with the history of all reli- gious orders. They must remember also that I am speaking of the Eng- lish Franciscans in the 13th century. The pages of Eccleston show that the English Minorite adhered with unusual strictness to the rule of St. Francis, and contended for a literal interpretation of his commands. In the Speculum Vita we have his own directions how his brethren were to proceed. " St. Francis said to Bona- venture, who had given the friars a farm to build a convent near Sienna, ' Shall I tell you how the settle- ments of the friars ought to be built ? When the brethren go to any city where they have no place, and find some one who is ready to give them so much land as is sufficient for a building, a garden, and the like, they must, above aU things, be cautious not to grasp at more than is neces- sary, always haying regard to holy poverty, and that good example which they are bound to exhibit on all occasions. When,' he continued, ' they have a competent piece of ground, they are to go to the bishop of the city, and notify to him.' ' My lord, such a one for the love of God and safety of his soul, is willing to give us a competent piece of ground to build a place. We, therefore, come to you, because as you are the father and lord of all the flock committed to you, so you will be lord of all of us who settle in that place. Wc wish, therefore, with your blessing to build there.' Having obtained his blessing, they shall go and make a deep ditch all round the land on which they propose to build, and a good fence instead of a wall, as an emblem of their poverty. Then they shall build poor cottages of mud and wood, and some few cells for the friars to pray in and labour in for the eschewing of idleness. They shall have small churches and not large ones, either for preach- ing or on any other pretence. And if ever prelates or clerks, or religious or secular men visit the brethren, their poor houses, cells, and churches shall prove to them the best sermons, and they shall be more edified by these things than by words.' " P. i. 10. ! PREFACE. XIX Franciscan missionaiy. In all instances the poverty Their po- of their bnildings corresponded with those of the snr-^^'^' roundmg district : their living and lodging no better than the poorest among whom they settle. At Cam- bridge their chapel was erected by a single carpenter in one day. At Shrewsbury, where, owing to the liberality of the townsman, the dormitory walls had been built of stone, the minister of the Order had them removed and replaced with mud. Decorations and ornaments of all kinds were zealously excluded. At Gloucester, a friar was deprived of his hood for painting his pulpit, and the warden of the same place suffered similar punishment for tolerating pictures. Their meals corresponded with the poverty of their buildings. Mendicancy might encourage idleness, but it also secured effectually the mean and meagre diet of the friars. It kept them on a par with the masses among whom their founder intended them to labour. They could not sell their offerings ; they were not permitted to receive more than their actual necessities required ; meal, salt, figs, and apples ; wood for firing ; stale beer or milk. Whatever the weather, however rough the way, they threaded the muddy streets and uupaved roads barefooted and bareheaded, leaving the prints of their bleeding feet upon the ground, in gowns of the coarsest cloth, which an economical vestry- man of this nineteenth century wo aid be ashamed to offer to the most refractory pauper in a parish work- house. St. Francis had provided carefully for the poverty of his Order. If the Gospel net, woven out of purple and fine linen, had hitherto rather scared, than caught the fish it was intended to inclose, the founder of the mendicant orders took care that it should be as coarse and home-spun as poverty itself could make it. In Italy, where poverty from time immemorial has preserved a dignity not readily conceded to it among the XX PREFACE. northern n.ations, where tradition loved to describe a Cato or Cincinnatus in the garb of a Franciscan friar, the material and social objections to this new rule are less obvious. Scanty clothing, beggarly and meagre food, unsheltered dormitories, are slight restraints in the South, compared with the rigours of a northern cli- mate. Had Popes and the founders of religious orders been Germans or Englishmen, the case might have been otherwise. As it was, the test of the worth of these reforms came Avhen they had to be applied to lati- tudes for which they had not been calculated. To the German and the Englishman mendicancy was a sore trial, mentally and bodily. It was a sorer discipline than any of the rules imposed by other religious orders ; for the German nations had no greater tolera- tion for poverty at that time than now ; no greater tenderness for bodily distress or infirmity.' ' That poverty, rigid poverty to the last, continued to be the rule rather than the exception with the ]\Iinorite Friars, is clear from the inventories of their houses taken at the dissolution by the Koyal Com- missioners. Here arc one or two instances, which might be easily multiplied: — " j\Iemorandum this vth day of August, in the 30th year of King Henry the Vlllth, that I, Richard Iiishop of Dover, and visitor under the Lord Privy Seal for the King's grace, was in Bridgenortli, where that the warden and his brethren, in the presence of Master Thomas Ilolle and Master Kandolphe of the said town, gave their liouse with all the purtenance into the visitor's hands to the King's use ; for the said warden and brethren said that they were not able to live ; for the charity of the people was so small that in three years they had not received in alms in ready money to the sum of 10s. by the year, but only live by a service that they had in tlie town, in a chapel on the bridge. Thus the said visitor," &c. — C/i/ij>(. House Duuhs, No. 309, p. 65. " Memorandum this 13th day of August, in the 30th year of our most dread Sovereign Lord King Henry VIIL Richard Bishop of Dover, and visitor under the Lord I'rivy Seal for the King's grace, was in Shrewsbury, where that in presence of Master Edmund Cole and Master Adam a Mytton, bailies there, the said visitor was in all the three places of friars, and there ac- cording to his commission visited the said houses, and there took m each place an inventory of all their I>RKFACE. XXI There was a sorer discipline behind, and it showed Their liow St. Francis calculated, on the patient heroism of^],^.j ° j. mankind ; how justly he estimated its importance in Hospitals, meeting the evils of the times, beyond ascetical rules and precepts of self-denial. The leprosy, fostered by bad diet, wretched lodging, and squalid clothing, was a bitter scourge to the town population. The disease, imported from the East, fostered by the increasing communication between East and West, consequent upon the Crusade, had broken out in the 13tli century with unusual virulence. Loathsome and infectious in the highest degree, it spared none. It appeared equally without warning in the king's court or council chamber, and in the degraded purlieus of the city. Once a leper always a leper. The medical skill of that age knew no cure. Political economy could devise no precautions ; none, except the most neces- goods, and committed the same to the before-named bailies' custody till the King's pleasure be further known. And as touching the Gray Friars, in presence of the said bailies, [they] gave their house into the visitors' hands by one assent, without any counsel or con- dition. As touching the Austin Friars, there were no more but a prior and two Crysche Friars, and all utensils gone, and no thing there to help the friars, not so much as a chalice to say mass ; and no man durst trust the prior to lend him any, so that all that Avas in all the house could not be praised at 26s. 8d. ; no bed- ding nor meat, bread nor drink. Wherefore the said visitor dis- charged the said prior of that office, and assigned the said two Cryschemen into Ireland, into their native convents," &c. — Ibid, No. 309, p. 83. Nor would they fare better in the large towns. The practice of vesting property for their use in the mayor and corporation left the friars at the mercy of men who, sooner than any others, embraced the doctrines of the Reformation ; who had the power and generally the will to refuse payment. How common this practice was is evi- dent from the lieyistrum Frutrum, at p. 493 of this volmne In fact, the civil wars of the 15th century must have been fatal to any reli- gious body dependent upon men- dicancy like the Franciscans. And to this exigency, we may charitably attribute the sale of their MSS. and magnificent libraries, of which Le- land complains with so much bit- terness. XXll PREFACE. sary, as tlie most cruel, the dismemberment of the infected limb. The leper was driven from home and occupation, from family and township ; he was disqualified fi-om approaching house or city ; deprived of all civil rights ; incapacitated from making a will ; excommunicated from the Church. The poli- tical economist of the 13th century had skill enough to accomplish thus much, no more ; leprosy like pau- perism was made penal ; but the bitterest penalty that man could inflict did not extinguish lepers or paujDers ; they still continued to cumber the face of God's earth, to the discomfiture of the Medifeval ecO' nomist and his political regulations.' ' According to the ancient law of England, says Mr. Hardy, in his preface to the " Clos? Rolls," p, xxxi. leprosy -was an impedi- ment to descent. A grant made by a person after he fell sick of the leprosy was void. In the " Abbreviatio Placitorum," p. 19, leprosy was pleaded and allowed in the reign of King John ; and the land thereupon adjudged from a leprous brother to the sister. Even in the poor and inadequate provision made for the leper by the charitable, the tone in which their rules are conceived, show the total degradation in which the infected was held. The pious benefactor to the Lazar hospital of St. Julian's, Hertford, Mon. ii. 376, begins thus : — " Seeing that among all infirmities the disease of the leprosy is more disgusting than any, and they who are visited with this disease, at all times and places ought to present themselves in more humble garb and gesture, as more contemptible and humble than the rest of their fellow men, according to the words of the Lord in Leviticus ; ' Whosoever is stained with the leprosy shall rend his garments and go bare-headed,' " &c. " Yet ought they not on that account to despair or murmur against God, but rather to praise and glorify Him who was led to death as a leper, according to the testimony of Isaiah, who says ; ' We did account him stricken of God and afflicted,' calling to memory the example also of Job, who was so smitten with the leprosy, ' that from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head there was no soundness in him," &c. — lb. 377. It is enjoined among the rules that if a married man entered the hospital he shoidd sepai'ate from his wife and make a solemn vow of chastity. He is not to stray beyond bounds — not to touch anything in the brew-house or the bake-house, &c. PREFACE, XXlU Had St. Francis followed the example of tlie economists of our days, it is not improbable that he and his order might have stood higher in the estimation of those who have remained faithful to the traditions of this ancient school. Here was a great and tremendous social evil which set at defiance the skill and philosophy of the age. The utmost men could do was to banish it, to shut it out, to ignore its existence and close their eyes ; not, how- ever, without misgivings that it might break out, like God's vengeance, among their own sons and daugh- ters ; — that Miriam and Aaron might perchance be excluded from the camp, and leave their families plague-spotted and despised. -^ But St. Francis was a simple-minded man ; he adopted those means for grap- pling with the evil that none but an enthusiast and a visionary would have taken. That generous enthu- siasm and self-denial which have won eternal honor by visiting the sick and ministering to the d3dng in the fever hospitals of the Crimea will not be charged with romance, because the greater the danger the greater the heroism and devotion in encountering it. Yet theirs was bodily peril at the most, no more. The sick was ennobled by the cause in which he had been engaged. Not so the leper ; — the object of vengeance from God, of fear and loathing from man ; citjdess, houseless, wifeless, childless, cast out, excom- municated ; he was exposed to all the calamities which make misery loathsome and deprive wretchedness of the few shadows of its dignity. " When I was in the bondage of sin," says St. Francis, " it was bitter to me and loathsome to see ' Instances occur in the Patent Rolls of grants of small pensions made to the King's own valets v'ho were suddenly struck down by the leprosy in the walls of the palace, and within the very sight of the Sovereign. XXIV PKEFACE. " and look upon persons infected with leprosy; but " that blessed Lord brought me among them, and I " did mercy with them, and I departing from them, " what before seemed bitter and loathsome was turned " and changed to me into great sweetness and comfort " both of body and of soul." ' l^vo instances are mentioned in the " Mirror of his Life " - too characteristic of the disease itself, and the sentiments inspired by it, to be omitted here. I translate the passages literally. " St. Francis on one occasion visiting the house of St. Mary de Porti- uncula, found a simple friar named James, to whom he had entrusted the office of tending the lepers. Seeing the friar consorting with a leper on the road from the hospital to the church of St. Mary, St. Francis rebuked him, telling him that he ought not to conduct his Christian bretlu-en, the lepers, in that manner, as it was not becoming to him or to them. For though St. Francis was willing that his friars should serve the lepers, he did not like to have them taken out of the hos- pital when the plague was upon them ; as men could not endm-e the sight of them. He had scarely uttered the words when his conscience smote him, thinking that the leper had colom-ed at his remark ; therefore, wishing, to make satisfaction to God and the leper, he confessed his guilt to Peter Cataneus, the minister-general, and begged him to confirm the penance he intended to impose upon himself. Then said St. Francis this is my penance ; to eat out of the same dish with this Christian brother. When all were seated at table a single dish was placed between St. Francis and Testam. p. 562 of this volume. 1 his associates. Par. I., p. 56, ed, ■ Speculum Vitoe ; compiled by | Spoelberch. PREFACE. XXV " tlie leper. He was a leper all o\'er, disgusting for " his open ulcers ; especially as liis fingers were " covered with sores and blood ; insomuch that as " he dipped his fingers in the dish and carried the " morsels to his mouth, the gore and blood dripped " into the dish. As the friars looked on they were " greatly grieved and pained at the sight. But for " the reverence they bore him, not one dared utter " a word. " He that saw these things bore record of them and " wrote them." Again, in the same work,' his solicitude for this for- lorn and unhappy class is thus manifested. " He ap- " pointed," says the author, " that the friars of his " order, dispersed in various parts of the world, should " for the love of Christ diligently attend the lepers " wherever they could be found. They followed this " injunction with the greatest promptitude. Now there " was in a certain place a leper so impatient, fro- " ward, and impious that every one thought he was " possessed by an evil spirit. He abused all that " served him with terriljle oaths and imprecations, " often proceeding to blows. What was still more " fearful, he uttered the direst blasphemy against " Christ, and His most holy Mother, and the " holy angels. The friars endured this ill-usage " patiently ; but they could not tolerate his blas- " phemies ; they felt they ought }iot, and therefore " they resolved to abandon the leper to his fate ; " having first taken counsel with St. Francis. Brother " Francis visited the leper, and upon entering the room " said to him, in the usual salutation : ' The Lord " ' give thee peace, brother.' ' What peace,' exclaimed " the leper, ' can I have, who am entirely diseased ? ' Par. I., p. 79. XXVI PREFACE. " ' Pains that torment the body/ replied St. Francis, " ' turn to the salvation of the soul if they are borne " ' patiently/ ' And how can I endure patiently/ " rejoins the leper, 'since my pains are without inter- " ' mission night and day? Besides my sufferings are " * increased by the vexation I endure from the friars " ' you have appointed to wait upon me. There " ' is not one of them who serves me as he ought.' " St. Francis perceived that the man was troubled " by a malignant spirit, and went away and prayed " to God for him. Then retiuning he said, ' Since " ' others do not satisfy you, let me try.' ' You may " ' if you like, but what can you do more than " 'others?' *I am ready to do whatever you please,' " replied St. Francis. 'Then wash me,' replied the " leper, ' because I cannot endure myself. The stink " 'of my wounds is intolerable.' Then St. Francis " ordered water to be warmed with sweet herbs, and, " stripping the leper, began to wash him with his own " hands, whilst a fiiar standmg by poured water upon " him."^ In conformity with his own practice, the same author tells us that St. Francis enjoined his friars to dwell in the leper hospitals, and there learn a lesson of humility. Whoever desired admission into his Order, noble or ignoble, was commanded an attendance on leprous patients. ^ If by the establishment of leper hospitals, and a general improvement of the towns, that terrible scourge has so completely disappeared. ' The reader of " Doctor Antonio" ■will be at no loss to appreciate the delicate manipulation and skill of the Italian gentleman in that exqui- site tale, -who, like St. Francis, had devoted his life to the care and comfort of the poor. I take this opportunity of stating my convic- tion that a perusal of that tale -will do much to realize St. Francis, his reforms, his object, the people whom he loved, and for whom he prayed and laboured. It will account for the popularity of the Order in Italy. ^'Spec. I., p. 48. PREFACE. XXVli that its very name is disarmed of all meaning, it was no phantom then ; " no poor paper-lantern with a '' candle end in it." Mankind gained truer notions of it and of their duty towards those who were afflicted by it ; but St. Francis set the example. In thus bringing tlie noble into common sympathy and service with the poor and ig-noble, St. Francis was but repeating the experiment made at different times and in different forms, in media?val Europe. We make rather shabby and unsuccessful attempts in these days to bring opposite classes together ; to find a true answer to that call for fraternity which is ever and anon causing its voice to be heard across the gulf of centuries, and displapng its energy and vitality in all kinds of grotesque and incoherent shapes. In the total disorganization of all society, and the dis- ruption of the old Roman world, St. Benedict, the founder of Western monkery, found a way for bring- ing together the rude rough Goth and the polished Roman patrician, on the common field of manual labour. A gentleman may now dig his garden or farm his own estate without losing caste ; he may thread the pave- ment unattended by twenty slaves and lictors with- out dreading the taunt of sordid meanness. He may build schools for his tenantry, or ask them to dinner, preserve his rank whilst he acknowledges their ser- vices and receives their rent ; though he possess not a single advantage over them in education, in skill, or even antiquity of descent. What would farms be worth in England if the English homestead, like the Roman, resembled a West Indian sugar estate ; and the deoTt'aded condition of the labourer, extendine: to his work, made a country life disreputable ? What a deal of thought and time were required to weld into one harmonious mass the stout heart and hand of tbe Northern comer, with the polished, quick, order-loving, refined Roman or Romanized occupier, C 2 XXVlll PREFACE. and bring it out in the form now seen in the broad acres of England ? There came a second attempt in the founding of the miUtary orders, where the knightly spirit of Europe was drawn forth in all its strength and tenderness, by committing to the strong the care of the weak, to the soldier the protection of the widow and the orphan. Last, and harder than all, came the experiment of St. Francis ; to devote to the poor and neglected outcast of the large towns of Europe, to the untended leper, the abandoned beggar, the sickly mechanic, to their wives and ehikben, whatever of piety and gentleness could be controlled to this purpose. Repulsive as that service was in all respects, especially to men of gentle blood and education, to these he looked for converts, and in this he was eminently successful. Unlike other and earlier founders of religious orders, the requisites for admission into his fraternity point to the better educated, not to the lower classes. " He " shall be whole of body and prompt of mind ; not " in debt ; not a bondsman born ; not urdawfully be- " gotten ; of good name and fame, and competently " learned." ' Such were the early disciples of his Order. Their The effect of such men upon the neglected masses of training for |^]jg population may be easily imagined. That influence and igno- "was much greater than if it had emanated directly from rant. St. ^]^g clergy, or even from that body which it sought to Irancis "^"^ „ . opposed to improve. Lessons of patience and endurance fell with in^^Tth" gi'sater persuasion and tenderness fi-om the lips of men age. who were living and voluntary examples of what they taught. Dressed in a long robe of coarse cloth, sur- mounted by a mantle of the same material, bareheaded, ' See App. p. 754. PREFACE. XXIX barefooted, begging his bread from house to house, the vohmtary poverty of the friar removed the scandal under which Christianity laboured from the excesses and the superfluities of its privileged teachers. But the poverty thus strictly enjoined had another and not less important object. It was intended to prevent the friars from giving themselves up to the popular studies of the age. Logic and the canon law monopolised the clergy. The example of Abelard had found numerous admirers ; little suited, however, for the requirements of the age. What beneficial effects could dialectic subtleties or disputations at the Universities exercise over the hearts and actions of men engaged in the real battle of life ? Possibly the secular training and occupations of St. Francis in his earlier years may have kept him from those ecclesiastical influences imder which he must of necessity have fallen, had he at first proposed to him- self the career of a preacher against heresy like the Dominican. He had no temptation to magnify pursuits in which the clergy of his days universally engaged ; he must have seen how little suited they were for his Order, how little calculated to accomplish the object he desired. Therefore he set his face against learning ; he would have his followers like the poor, not in dress only, but in heart and understanding. Total, actual poverty secured this : it was incompatible with the possession of books, or the necessary materials for study. When the stringency of the rule had been in some measure relaxed, mvich of its ancient severity remained. Roger Bacon had to carry on his researches and ex- periments without books, or instruments, except what he could procure from liis friends. He tells the Pope, to whom he dedicated his works, that he possessed no MSS., that he was not permitted the use of ink or parchment, that nothing but a distinct order from his Holiness could dispense with the stringency of the rule. XXX PREFACE. In the letters of Adam de Marisco the reader will see other instances of the pennriousness of the general ministers, and their reluctance to fm-nish the members of their Order engaged in teaching and lecturing with the requisite means for study. Forbidden On One occasion a provincial minister wished to books! argue the point with St. Francis, and to learn from him the sense of the words, " Take nothing with you " on the way." Was it absolutely nothing? " No- " thing,'' said St, Francis, " except the habit allowed " by the rule ; and, if indispensable, the friar may carry " shoes.'' " What then am I to do ? " rejoined the pro- vincial, " I have books beyond the value of 501." " I " will not, I ought not, I cannot allow that which is con- " trary to my conscience and the profession of the gospel " we have both embraced," was the only reply. On another occasion a novice who had learned to read the psalms, though not very correctly, obtained leave from the minister-general to have a psalter ; but as he had heard that St. Francis did not like his friars to be so- licitous for liooks and learning, he was not satisfied with the licence of the general minister, but took occasion to apply to St. Francis himself, saying : " Father, it " would be a great comfort to me to have a psalter ; " and the minister- general permits it ; but I should not " like to use it without your conscience." " Charles " the Emperor, Roland and Oliver," (he replied,) " and " all the Paladins, and all other stout men in battle, " pursued infidels to the death with great sweat and " labour, and gained their memorable victories. The " holy martyrs died in the fight for the faith of Christ. " But now-a-days there are some folks who, by the " mere talk of their exploits, seek for glory and lionour " among men ; and so there are some among you who " take more pleasure in writing and preaching about " the works of the saints than in imitating their labors." Some day^ after, as h6 was seated by the fire, the PREFACE. XXXI same novice repeated his request. Says St. Francis to him : " When you have got a psalter, then you'll " want a breviary, and when you have got a breviary " you will sit in your chair as great as a lord, and you " will say to your brother, ' Friar, fetch me my bre- " ' viary.' " Saying this with some warmth, he took ashes from the hearth, and laying them on his head, rubbed his hand round and round, as if he had been washing his head, repeating, all the while, " I am " your breviary, I am your breviary {Ego hrevia- " rium, ego bi'eviarium,)" until the novice was dumb- founded and surprised. Then turning to him, St. Francis said : " Brother, I too was once tempted as you " are by the possession of books ; and wishing to know " the Lord's will in this matter, I took the Gospels and " })rayed to Him that He would show me His will in " the first passage to which I should turn. And when I " had finished my prayer, and opened the book, I met " 'with these words: 'To you it is given to know the " ' mysteries of the Kingdom of God ; ]:>ut to others " ' in parables/ How many gape after knowledge ! " How much happier he, who has made himself barren " for the love of God." After some days the same novice spoke to him again about the psalter in the Church of St. Mary de Portiuncula, to whom the holy man replied : " Go, do as the minister " tells you." As the novice went his way, St. Francis, after a minute's consideration, ran after him, crying aloud: " Stop, brother, stop." And when he had over- taken him : " Return with me," he said, " to the " spot where I said to you, ' Do with the psalter as the " ' minister told you.' " And retmiiing to the spot, he bent his knee before the novice, saying, " Mea culpa, " brother, meet culpa. Whoever will be a Friar Minor " must possess nothing more than his habit, or carry " shoes if necessary." And such was his uniform answer to all who consulted him on this subject. " A man's XXXll PREFACE. " knowledge/' he said, '' is equal to his works ; he only is " a good man at prayer who is equally a good man at " labour.^ For the tree is known by its fruits." Other instances occur of his anxiety to counteract the growing passion for Ijooks, and turn the atten- tion of the friars to works of meditation. These, he told them, were the only ways of securing their own salvation and the improvement of others. " Many " friars," he said, " who bestow all their time and " thought on the acquisition of philosophy, forsaking " their proper vocation, and wandering in mind and " body from the way of prayer and humility, when " they have preached to the people, and have turned " some to repentance, are inflated and conceited at the " result, as if it were their own and not another's work. " Whereas it happens not unfrequently that all they " have done is to preach to their own prejudice and " condemnation. In the conversion of men they have " really done nothing ; they have been no more than " the instruments of those by whom the Lord has " truly reaped the fruit." He predicted that the time would come when they who had left their calling to indulge in the pursuits , of science, and gratify a vain curiosity, would find their hands empty in the day of tribulation. ^ " Such a day will come," he said, "when " men will throw their books out of the window as " useless," And, not to multiply proofs, when news had been brought to him tliat a great doctor ^ at Paris had been received into his Order, greatly to tlie joy ' It is impossible to preserve the pithiness and point of these words in English : " Tantum rch'giosus est bonus orator quaiilum est bonus ope- rator." A similar sentiment is attributed to St. Benedict the monk: " Orat qui laborat." " Scientia et potentia huniana in idem coincidunt. " Lord Bacon's Org. I. 3. - lb. i. p. 70. ^ Perhaps Alexander ab Hales. PREFACE. XXXIU and editicatioii of the clergy and the city, " I am " alVaid, my sons/' he said, " that snch doctors will be " the destruction of my vineyard. They are the true " doctors who, with the meekness of wis(h)m, exhibit " good works for the improvement and edification " of their neighbours. * A man has no more know- ' There are numerous other indi- cations in the volume of his sound and practical good sense. Unlike the other religious orders, "who had multiplied the rules of asceticism until they had become an intolerable snare, St. Francis retained only the ordinary vigils, and fasts of the Church. On other days the friars had licence to eat flesh or other food indifferently. St. Francis used to say that the body was created for the soul, and the flesh ought to be subdued to the spirit. The servant of God ought therefore to eat, sleep, drink, and satisfy his bodily requirements with discretion, that the body may have no occa- sion of complaining that it can not stand erect or pay attention to prayer because its wants are not satisfied. (lb. 87.) He was a great advocate for cheerfulness, saying that it was the sign of a clean heart, and a great defence against the devil. " Why," said he to one of his friars, " do you wear that sad and gloomy countenance because of your ofl"ences. It is enough that your sorrow should be known between you and your God. Pray for Ilis mercy to spare you, and restore that cheerfulness to your soul which you have lost by your own demerits." In the following advice on the choice of a minister-general of the Order, there is the same vein of good sense and sagacity : "A minister- general ought to be of irreproach- able life, of great discretion, spotless character, and free from partiality, lest by showing too great an afiiic- tion for one party he bring a scandal on the whole. lie must be studious in prayer, apportioning certain hours for his own soul, and others to his flock. He must begin the day with mass, and with devout obedience commend himself therein and his flock to the Divine protection. After prayers he is to present himself to his brethren, and standing in the midst of them, he is to hear the questions of all and reply to all, and provide for all, with charity, pa- tience, and kindness. He is not to be an acceptor of persons ; not to care less for the simple and unin- formed than for the learned and the wise. If he has the gift of know- ledge, he is all the more to show himself a pattern of piety and sim- plicity, of patience and humility. Let him foster virtue in himself and others, not ceasing to preach it as- siduously, attracting others more by his example than his words. Let him anathematize money, the chief corruptor of our profession and per- fection ; and, therefore, as an example to be followed by all, let him have no purse and no coffers. His habit and one little book shall content XXXIV PEEFACE. " ledge than he works, and he is a wise man only " in the degree in which ho loves God and his neigh- " hour." 1 Their -A- style of preaching, founded on meditation and preachings experience, was precisely adapted to the requirements experience, of those classes of the community for whose improve- ment and welfare St. Francis felt the deepest sym- pathy. Considering the education and logical studies of the secular clergy in those days, it is not easy to discover how they could have made themselves intel- ligible to the ordinary population of the towns ; still less, him ; a pen-case, seal, and -writing materials, his associates. He is not to be an accumulator of books ; not very intent upon reading, for fear that he should derogate from his office the time he devotes to study. He shall piously comfort the afflicted, lest, as he is their ultimate refuge in trouble, if they find not relief and remedy from him, the disease of de- speration should grow too strong for them. To win the perverse and proud to meekness, let him humble himself, and abate somewhat of his own right to gain a soul. To the runaways of his Order let him open the bowels of mercy, as to sheep that have been lost ; let him never refuse to pardon them, well knowing that thfir temptations are very strong, and if the Lord permitted him to be tried he might perchance fall worse than they. As the vicar of Christ, I would have him ho- noured with devout reverence by all, and that provision be made for him by all, and in all things with all benevolence, in proportion to the exigence of his need and the suita- bleness of our state. He ought not to be exalted by honours and favours shown him more than he is delighted by injuries, or to let honours change his manners, except for the better. If ever he requires more ample or generous fare, let him not take it in secret, but openly. To him it ap- pertains to discern the secret con- science, and elicit the truth from hidden veins. Therefore, let him regard all accusations with suspi- cion at first, until the truth shall be known by diligent inquiry. Let him give no heed to gossipers, and parti- cularly suspect all accusations pro- ceeding from such persons, and be slow to credit them. Let him not from desire of retaining popularity, refuse or relax the forms of justice and equit}' ; nor, on the other hand, let him suffer souls to perish from over much rigor ; let not torpor arise from excessive kindness, nor the relaxation of discipline from over indulgence ; and so let him be feared by all who love, and loved by all who fear him." . lb. i., p. 90. ' lb. p. 76. PREFACE. XXXV how they couhl have carried the truths of Christianity to the hearts of the ignorant and the poor. By education uutitted for the task, they could know but little of the population whom they had to address ; and their vow of celibacy kept them apart from their flocks. The necessities of the class for whom they laboured brought out in the Franciscan a style of living and preaching suitable to his auditory ; he had to speak to the hearts of men and women who were not learned ; he had to study those hearts and what was in them, before he could hope to adch-ess them with success. His poverty enabled him to accom- phsh the first and most difficult portion of his task, by throwing him upon the help and sympathy of those for whom he laboured. The necessity of alms from day to day, the stringent rule imposed by his founder, forced him from a life of mere study or contemplation into a life of activity. He was compelled to move among those on whom he was thus made dependent, however rough and insulting the treatment he received. Preaching must become the great object of his life, quite as much as poverty ; but it was a new style of instruction, very different from that which had hitherto prevailed. Whether the clergy liked the change or not, a body of laymen (for it must be rememljered that the friars were to all intents and purposes la}- men, bound by certain religious vows,) had come forward to the helj) of the Church, to carry out those functions which the Clergy could not, and visit those whom the Clergy found it impossible to visit. A less formal but not less effective style of preaching prevailed, suited to an audience consisting as much of women as of men, appealing more directly to the feelings; more popular and more dramatic. This is one of the common accusations brought against the Friars by the Clergy, partly jealous of their new influence. XXXVl PREFACE. partly suspicious of the result.^ They are loudly con- demned by their opponents for magnifying preaching, ' In the answer by Thomas Aquinas to the objections of Wil- liam de St. Amour and others of the Gallican clergy, yre have a brief summary of the complaints made against the Mendicant Orders. After referring in the outset to the charge that mendicancy was con- trary to Scripture, he proceeds in, — Ch. I. To a general vindication of the religious orders and the vows imposed by them. In Ch. II. He answers the objection " that the religious had no right to teach." In Ch. III. " That the religious had no business to communicate with secular persons in matters pertain- ing to study ; that there ought to be no union of persons whose pur- suits and occupations were so oppo- site as those of the religious and the secular." In Ch. IV. " That they had no right to preach or hear confessions, as having no licence for so doing, or any fixed cure." "It is a particular mark of heresy," says St. Thomas, " to sup- press preaching in the Church." In Ch. V. " That they were bound to employ themselves in manual la- bour, and when that was impossible, in psalms, prayers, and reading." In Ch. VI. " That for a person to sell his goods and enter a INIendicant Order was contrary to Holy Scrip- ture, unless he did so with a view of supporting himself by manual labour; because he despised what God had given him, and exposed himself to needless temptations." In Ch. VII. " That to live by alms was contrary to Christianity, and subtracted what was due to the poor. It Avas, moreover, unmanly and illi- beral." He then proceeds to consider the objections in Ch. VIII. made to the sordid dress of the friars as indica- tive of singularity. In Ch. IX. Their intermeddling with what did not concern them. Ch. X. Their wandering from place to place. Ch. XL Their devoting the time to study and philosophy ; — "ever learning and never coming to the knowledge of the truth." Ch. XII. Their study of eloquence and method in the composition of their sermons ; transgressing the precept of the Apostle : — " Not with the wisdom of words." — 1 Cor. i. 17. Next he answers the complaints made against them in Ch. XIII. " That they com- mended themselves and their Order, and so were guilty of the sin of the Pharisees." Ch.XIV. "That they resisted their detractors." Ch. XV. " That they appealed to the civil tribunals." Ch. XVI. " That they punished their persecutors." Ch. XVII. " That they sought to please men." And rejoiced Ch. XVni. " At the great things God had wrought by them in the conversion of others." Ch. XIX. " That they frequented the courts of princes." [Finally PREFACE. XXXVll and declining, like the older Orders, to confine themselves exclusively to manual labour, to reading and prayer. They are accused of studying eloquence and tlie art of rhetoric in the composition of their sermons, of making their addi'esses agreeable to the people, of communicating with secular persons, of derogating from the dignity of the clerical office and bringing a scandal on the Chm-ch. And, undoubtedly, not only the matter and style of their teaching, but their dress, their mode Finally in Ch. XX. lie adverts to the rea- sons which induced him to reply to these calumnies, and the insinua- tions thrown out by their opponents against the previous lives of the friars. He condemns the sweeping calumnies directed against the whole body drawn from the loose examples of a few, the hasty inference that the friars were false apostles, because they sought more luxurious hos- pices, in which they might be more comfortably entertained, and inter- meddled in other men's business, in order to gain property. In Ch. XXI. The insinuations against the sincerity of the friars, as if they sought the favour of the world and not the good of mankind. He condemns also the uncharitable anticipation of God's judgment, of which free use had been made by the Sorbonists, in saying that the friars would eventually become cor- rupt in morals and reprobates in the faith. Ch. XXII. -XXVI. And not satisfied with these imputations, they had endeavoured to make the friars odious to the world, by asserting that they were the false apostles de- nounced in the primitive church, thieves, robbers, and spoilers, who entered houses and wasted the fold, against whom the church was warn- ed ; the forerunners of Antichrist, of which their charity, studies, and fastings were so many evident signs, being nothing better than a cloak for hypocrisy. Such a mode of reasoning, though reconmiended by the respectable authority of "William of St. Amour, and adopted without any suspicion by modern historians, would have seemed monstrous and incredible, were it not as fashionable in this nineteenth century as in the thir- teenth, only substituting for the friars any body of Christians more than usually active, and therefore particularly obnoxious. I am sur- prised to see a late writer repeating the old and exploded scandal of the Franciscan John of Parma being the author of " The Eternal Gospel." The University of Paris in their manifesto against the Mendicants {De Pcricidis Ecclesice), Avritten be- fore 1256, state positively that this book had been written fifty-five years before ; that is, before the Francis- can Order existed, Ch. viii. See also Will. St. Amour's 2d Sermon, p. 52 in Brown's Fasc. and St. Thomas, 1. 1. ch. xxiv. XXXVlll PREFACE. of living, their dependence upon almsgiving, their in- timate intercourse with the lower orders, must have appeared intolerable innovations on the ancient usages and established maxims of the secular and monastic clergy. Men had hitherto been taught that the clergy and the laity were distinct elements, as opposite and distinct as wine and water (a favourite illustration), but now the wine was mixed with water ; every adventitious distinction, which had kept them apart, and been so frequently and emphatically^ insisted on, was broken down. Here was a body of religious teachers, supported by the head of the Church, as like the poorest of the laity in all respects, learning excepted, as could possibly be conceived. The Church, hitherto standing apart, was brought home to the people. Cold, and distant, and far removed from their sympathies, it now appealed to them directly ; occupied by abstract discussions and formal statements of doctrine, it passed at once into the human, the sentimental, and the personal. A new impulse this, of the most vital importance; a great advance towards the sixteentli centmy. Promi- The lively imagination and quick sensibilities of iience given g^. j^^-aucis, characteristic of his nation, realized for ny them to the human him, in a way unappreciable by the colder nations of and the ^| ]v^Qpti^ the earthly life of our Lord and his human practical ' «^ , , in our relationships. The way in which he strove to con- ord s hfe. f, ^^.j-^^ himself literally to our Lord's precepts and ex- ample indicate the direction of his thoughts ; and the practical tone of his mind led him to value almost exclusively what he considered to be the human and the practical side of Christianity. Hence the promi- nence given by him and his followers to the bodily sufferings of Christ. Hence, too, their anxiety, as has been justly observed, ^ to exalt the Virgin Mother, to present her as an actual woman, endowed with every ' Sec F. D. Maurice, " The Church a Family," p. 89. PREFACE. xxxix g-race and beauty, to the degraded population whom they addressed ; to set her before men as an actual object of faith, hope, and devotion, as sympathizing in human sorrow and human evils, in sorrows which have pierced through her own heart, in evils from which she is entirely free. Is it strange that this sliould have seemed to men a blessed escape from the dryness and formality of the theological maxims and controversies of the age ? that in the di'ess of its new teachers, Christianity should have appeared to the masses, as it never yet had appeared, radiant in attractiveness and beauty ? Further, it must be remembered, that the increased Exaltation communication between the West and the Eastern gjjj^ world had brought out in a greater degree than ever the Manichpean tendencies of the times. That in- jftuence had set in at all points upon Western Christ- endom ; from Moorish Spain at one extremity, from the German Emperor and their Oriental wars at the other. The Arabs had given the tone to the scientific speculations of the universities ; commerce, flowing through the same channel, had carried the same tenden- cies into the towns of the South of France, and through them to other towns in Europe.' How could the Church, witli its doctrine of celibacy, or the monastic orders, with their enforced asceticism, coun- teract a tendency to which their example lent encourage- ment? Man had been degraded in the degradation thus indirectly thrown upon marriage ; secular life and human relationships were dishonoured in the peculiar sanctity thus ascribed to the monastic. How could ' The facts cannot be disputed, strange and unaccountable as they seem. The accusation against the Templars, and their practice of magic, -will occur to the reader's mind. To these must be added the charge of Manichseism, imputed to the Albigenses ; the two infamous books of the age, the " Eternal Gos- pel " and the " Three Impostors," the latter of which is attributed to the Emperor Frederick. The commu- nistic excesses of this century, espe- cially in France, had the same origin. Xl PREFACE. marriage, how could woman be regarded with respect or treated with honour, when a perfect stats was con- sidered incompatible with either? when a society, built up on an abnegation not of marriage only, but of all family ties, was represented as of Divine institution, and all civil societies, all human institutions as exclusively secular, without sanctity, without God's authority ? The Franciscan could not meet the evil completely. He was bound to celibacy — for of any society, without such an indispensable condition, no reformer in the middle ages ever conceived the possibility — but he did what he could to counteract the mischief He insisted on the humanity of the Son of God; he dwelt on His poverty and sufferings as a man. He exalted the condition of woman by exalting the Virgin Mother. He insisted on her spotless purity, on her maternal authority and dignity, on her mysterious fellowship with her Son, on her joys and sorrows. Doubtless, it was his anxiety to bring out those facts in her history more prominently, that induced the friar to give greater prominence to the childhood than to the man- hood of Christ, to lay greater stress on the parent, to exalt the Mother at the expense of the Son. Un- cloiibtedly also the favour with which these doctrines were received by the people, tempted the friar to carry them to extravagant lengths, to degrade them by gross, sensualized images and representations which lost liim the influence he had once possessed, and turned all reverence for him into ridicule and contemj^t. ^ ' Even in their degeneracy, Cliau- ctr, a Wickliffite, and tlicrefore not favourable to tlie friars, notices tlieir encouragement of marriage :• — " A frere ther was, a wantoun and a meryc, A lymitour a ful solcmpne man. In alle the ordres foure is noon that ciin So moche of daliaunce and fair langage. lie hadde i-made many a fair mariage Of yonge wymmen, at his owne cost." And a little below: " At ycddynges (weddings) he bar utturly the prys." Prologue to Canterbury Tales. TREFACK. Xli But lie had struck a real chord of sympathy ; and Their po- consequently he found fjivour at once in all the larger P*^'a"ty- towns of Europe, though the times of liberality to religious orders had passed away from more than one half of Christendom, and in the tradino; communities the Church was far from popular. Within thirty years after the arrival of the Franciscans in England, their numbers in this country alone amounted to 1,242;^ they counted forty-nine convents in different localities. Notwithstanding the jealousy with Vv'hich they were regarded by the Church and the monastic orders, the friars multiplied rapidly in London, Canterbury, Oxford, Cambridge, York, Hereford, Lynn and Norwich on the east coast, Bridge water and Bristol on the west. With equal rapidity they passed into Ireland and Scotland ; were received with' equal favour;— an instance of re- ligious organization and propagandism unexampled in the annals of the world. That diffusion is the more remarkable when it is remembered that they were specially enjoined by their founder to uj^hold the dignity and authority of the Roman See, at a time when that authority had ceased to command respect, when it was despised in the towns, and in England regarded with more than usual jealousy and suspicion, in consequence of the submission of King John. Yet, under all these ditficulties, the Franciscan Order found favour throughout the towns and cities of England. In the register of their house at Newgate, now part of Christ's Hospital,^ entries occur of the re- peated donations made them by the citizens of London and invested in the corporation for their use. Scarcely a year elapses without some mark of this liberality on the part of individuals or of the community at large ; the gifts are small indeed, vaiying from Qd. to 40s., ' Ecclestoii, p. 10. I = See p. 493 sq. xlii PREFACE. Lilt their number and their smalhiess are indicative of the class from wliom they were received, and of the popu- larity of the friars. The register of their convent in London might be accepted as a specimen of their general treatment without further evidence. But Eccle- ston is precise on this point. At Canterbury the master of tlie Priest's hospital gave the corporation a piece of ground and a chapel for the use of the friars.^ At Oxford Richard de Muliner gave the corporation a house and piece of ground for their use. At Cambridge the burgesses received them and assigned them a decayed church near the town gaol. At Shrewsbury the king gave the ground, the burgesses the buildings. In these and in other instances the practice prevailed of investing money, land, and buildings for the use of the friars, in the corporations of the towns ; and the reason is stated by Eccleston ;- because the friars could not and would not possess property. Here again is a great inno- vation on the usages of the age ; a religious body ex- clusively and closely dependent on the charity and voluntary offerings of the laity was a bold and ha- zardous experiment. It prepared the way for a com- plete revolution in the social and legal maxims which regarded property held for religious uses ; and for the first time that great principle, out of which the vast charities of this kingdom have since flowed into so many channels, though even now scarcely trusted to that degree which it ought to be, was brought into vigorous action. The con- But if the spiritual destitution of the population fi^rst^^irTthe i^^ ^.hc great towns first excited the compassion of St. new im- Francis, and furnished the great motive for the foun- gally correct. The word " commo- nalty " scai'cely conveys to modern ' p. IG, 17, 18. I have ventured to translate the word commnnitas by " corporation," for convenience, al- j ears the full meaning of the Latin, though not perhaps strictly and le- | -p. 16. PREFACE. xliii elation of hi.s Order, it was not the only motive. The petns given liealth of the body was no less the object of his soli- g'tudiS'"''' citude than the care of the soul. Consciously or not, in the strict injunctions which he gave to his followers to qualify themselves for his Order by an attendance on the leper hospitals and the visitation of the sick, he was fighting against the deadly Manicha^ism of the age. But, in thus qualifying themselves for working among tlie large populations of the towns, the friars were forced \ipon other studies, secondary only in im- portance to their main concern. Their early attention to sickness and disease developed in the Order those physical studies and pursuits for which they became remarkable. With the friars came the first syste- matic attention to medical studies and to natural philosophy in general. Not as physics had been studied before as part of an academical training ; — but as theology under their treatment was humanized by the necessity of their position ; so physics, how- ever feebly, were brought by them into contact with actual experiment. There is scarcely a writer of eminence among them, distinguished as he may be for logical and metaphysical ability, who is not equally interested in experimental philosophy. I use the word advisedly ; for many will be prepared to admit the prevalence of physical studies among the schoolmen, and defeat the value of that admission, by assuming that the physics of that age were merely subservient to scholastic logic. I repeat that the first sustained attempts at experimental philosophy com- menced with the friars, and grew out of the actual necessities of their position ; as all real progress in science will and must grow. This will be confessed in the case of Roger Bacon. But it would be equally incorrect to overlook the experimental studies of other schoolmen of Bacon's age, as to overlook the scholastic side of Roger Bacon's own writings. The tendency of d 2 xliv" TREFACE. eacli writer's mind gave special prominence to the form and subject of his writing ; tlie expense and labour of physical researches necessarily limited their successful pursuit to a few. Still the assertion is unde- niable that with the logical and metaphysical studies of that age physics now assume an importance they had not before.' For the first time we hear of physicians enterino; the relio-ious orders. John de St. Giles, one of the earliest and most eminent of the Dominicans, was a professor of medicine at Paris. Father Cres- centius, the seventh general minister of the Franciscans, was a physician at Bologna. The practice of medicine is engrossed by the friars in the thirteenth century. In Bacon's observations on the eye, it is obvious that he had studied anatomy. In his treatise upon vision he applies tlie geometry of Euclid as perfectly well known in his day.s. The same remark applies to his contemporary, Archbishop Peccham. The physi- cal works of Aristotle and his natural history stood as high in popular estimation as his logic ; the scien- tific treatises of the Arabians were accessible to all. This volume and the pages of Roger Bacon furnish abundant testimony of the extreme activity of the friars as travellers and missionaries ; of the care with which they recorded their observations upon the countries through which they passed. Their knowledge of men, the poverty and hardship of their lives, enabled the Pope to employ them in distant lands, where other orders or modern travellers could not have stirred. ' I need not dwell on any laboured ' countryman Klchard Swisset have proof. A reference to the history j commanded the praises of Liebnitz ; of the writings of the schoohnen in and I suppose the time will come the pages of Cave and Oudinus when justice will be done to the will be sufficient. Bacon's merits ' chemical enquiries of Raymond will not be denied. The profound i Lully and Villanova. mathematical researches of our PREFACE. xlv Wc find thcui in 12 15 scut to Russia ; re.acbing tlic capital of Kiov in the de|)tli of winter, after great bodily suffering-. In the s[)ring following they pro- ceed to the region of Crim Tartary, rigidly observing the rides of Lent in that l)leak and frozen territory, supporting themselves on salt and millet, and water from melted snow. ^ The travels of William of E,u- bruquis in Inner Asia, so highly esteemed by Roger Bacon, still hold their place in that species of litera- ture, which has done more than any other for the promotion of science. Natural philosophy has fol- lowed in the footsteps of the missionary ; so it did then. John of Parma was sent on two missions to Greece witliin five years. The travels and labours of Raymond Lully in the three quarters of the globe are not the least remarkable features of his gigantic activity and industry. It will naturally be inferred from these observations that the friar was populai" witli the mercantile classes ; and this is evident from the facts of his history.^ Who else so welcome at the houses of men to whom scientific skill and information, scanty as they might be, were yet of no inconsiderable service and attraction? He alone of learned and unlearned possessed some knowledge of foreign countries and their productions ; he alone was acquainted with the composition and decomposition of bodies, with the art of distillation, with the construction of macliinery, with the use of the laboratory. Un- ' The observations made by them on their journey do not show that they were blinded by the Predi- caments of Aristotle. It is amusing to see tlic grave way in which modern historians reprove the schoolmen for too great a deference to the authority of Aristotle, and their indifference to facts i these historians all the while displaying the most servile deference to vulgar prejudices respecting the schoohnen, and retailing for facts their own shallow and unsupported assump- tions. - See Sir Francis Palgrave's talc of " The Merchant and the Friar." xlvi PREFACE. doubtedly, when the Order degenerated, tlie friar com- bmed with his spiritual functions, the occupation of ped- lar, huxter,^ mountebank, and quack doctor ; and the vice of covetousness, of which he was too frequently accused, led him to employ his skill in driving bargains to his own advantage. But a just estimate of the importance of the Order must not be taken from its decline, or the representations of its enemies. The monks were jealous of the learning and popularity of the friar ; the bishops hated him as refusing deference to their authority ; the Lollards regarded him as the bitter champion of ortho- doxy, as the unscrupulous persecutor of all who dissented from the traditions and teaching of Rome. A careful perusal of Eccleston's work, and a candid review of the history of the friars, will justify the praise bestoAved uj)on them by Lord Bacon,- and \dndicate the historical accuracy of the sketch which a philosopher, greater than Bacon himself, has left in his portraiture of the friar in Romeo and Juliet.^ ' Thus in Chaucer the friar is de- scribed as having his mantle stuck with hardware like a tramper : — " His tippet was ay farsud ful of knyfes And pinnes for to give faire wyfes." And in the Lollard poem published at the end of this volume, p. 592, - Essay X. ' The character of the Friar is historically correct in its minutest particulars. It shows, notwithstand- ing the prejudices of his age, how Shakespeare caught the prominent features of the Order in the indi- vidual, and brought them out to the gaze of his readers, unsullied by the base alloy in which the weakness or caprices of men had invested it. In the speech of Friar Lawrence at his cell door, as he comes forth with a basket at early morn to collect simples, we see how intimately the meditation of the friar was con- nected with the study of nature : — " meikle is the powerful grace that lies In herbs, plants, stones, and their true qualities. For nought so vile that on the earth doth live But to the earth some special good doth give; Nor ought so good, but strained from that fair use, Eevolts from true birth, stumbling on abuse. Virtue itself turns vice, being mis- applied, And vice sometimes by action dignified." [I find I PREFACE. xlvii That this Order, which hegaii in poverty and in Secondly, opposition to the learning of the age, should end in juatic study- becoming the great promoters and professors of learning, «f '^'lieo- will now seem less remarkable. It was inevitable in. any body of men, like the Franciscans, systematically devoting themselves to the instruction and improvement of the lower orders of the towns. They were driven to the consideration of principles which might have passed unquestioned in any other sphere of activity. Equally inevitable was it that they should be forced upon the philosophical studies of the age, and embark in • them with an energy, which they only feel, to whom philosophy offers itself not for display or disputation, but a solution of the great problems and contradictions of life. Neglected as the towns had been, the disputes of the church with the Albigenses show that the same acute- ness and ability, now to be found in the working men of our manufacturing cities, existed equally in similar bodies in the south of France — probably in all the towns of Europe where manufactures had made any progress. The information of such men might be nar- row ; but on the facts which had come before them they had meditated with intellects sharpened by their occupation. They were much better masters of their position, much more alive to its weak and defensible points, much more on the alert to detect and expose the less carefully considered reasonings of those who entered the lists Avith them, than men of higher and more liberal training. In fair argument the missionary of the church had no chance with them. His only ultiw/i ratio was the sword. To be tolerably suc- I find that Mr. IMaurice has also quoted these lines in the third part of his Moral and Metaphysical Phi- losophy. In justification of myself. I beg to state that this Introduction was -written before I had seen this portion of Mr. Maurice's -work; xlviil PREFACE. ccssful, tliG Franciscan must be able to cope fairly with those whom he wished to convert. In proportion as he entered seriously on his task he found it requisite to oiforce the truths in which he felt interested, by con- necting them with feelings and principles such as his hearers would recoo-nize and could understand. " Non accipit indodus verba scienticu. nisi iirius ea dlxeris quce versantar ui corde ejus." Never did the favourite maxim of Lord Bacon require more careful application. From early times, therefore, the friars found it neces- sary to modify the precept of their founder, and apply to the scientific study of theology. He might at first have hoped to win the masses by descending to their social condition, by the services which he rendered them in the hospital, or by the sympathy which he displayed for their labour and their sufferings. But his work was only half done — it was but skin- deep if he could not enter into their moral and intellectual difficulties ; if he could not find a clue to deliver them from the lab}rinth in which their con- sciences were prisoned and perplexed. So Eccleston' tells us that Angnellus, their first provincial in England, " built a school in the Fratry of Oxford, and per- " suaded Master Robert Grostete, of holy memory, to " read lectures there to the brethren. Under him, " within a very short time, they made unaccountable " progress in sermons {condones) and in subtle morali- " ties suitable to preaching." " The reputation of the " English Fi'iars increased so rapidly and their profi- " ciency in study became so notorious in other " provinces, that Friar Helias, the minister-general, sent " for Friar Philip Waleys and Friar Adam of York to " read lectures at Lyons." " Readers," he adds, " were " appointed at Hereford, Leicester Bristol, Cambridge, r. 37. PREFACE. xlix " and Oxford ; and the gift of wifsdoni so overflowed " in the province of England, that before the depo- " sition of William of Notingliam there Avere as " many as thirty lecturers in England, and a regular " succession of them was provided in the Univer- " sities." Hitherto the formal method of instruction adopted Which thus in the Universities embraced the old division of studies importance, into Triviu'in and Quadrivium. Passing through Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric in the former, in the latter the student was initiated in Arithmetic, Geo- metry, ]V[usic, and Astronomy. Through these schools of arts, every member of the University was required to pass bef(H'e he proceeded to the sciences, in which theolog}' stood the highest. For the lecturer in that science, the Sentences of Feter Lombard ' formed the ordinary text-book. Following the method there laid down, the lecturer expatiated as he pleased, adapting his instructions to his own taste or the wants and capacities of his hearers. He was bound to no other restriction. The uniformity thus preserved in the order of tlie subjects, enabled the student to hear and contrast the opinions delivered by different lecturers on any question of theology or morals. Before the lecturer commenced his hearers knew pre- cisely what topic would be discussed, and generally all that had been said on both sides. From an anecdote in Eccleston^ we learn that the student took notes, which he reproduced in the form of a lecture. The exercise varied by disputations between the professor and the candidate, brought into play those faculties of readiness, memory, and invention, ' Hence the repeated exprcHsions, le(j:t cursor ie, legit in scnte:ilias ap- plied to Divinity readers in the Uni- versities. ' p. 39. 1 PREFACE. And is modified witliout which the scholastic theology would have been of little use to the preacher, the missionary, or the po2:)ular controversialist. Hitherto logic and law had absorbed the industry and genius of the age. From the accession of the Anjevin dynasty the law formed the great pass]:)ort to dignity and emolu- ment. The great law- officers of the crown were entirely selected from the canonists. Bishops, deans, and abbots, beneficed and unbeneficed clergy, strove Avith might and main to obtain judicial appointments : where solicitation and court favour fiiiled, bribery paved the way for the suitor's wishes.^ Arts and theology were in danger of falling into disuse. The reader who has taken his views of scholasticism from the popular manuals on that subject, will be astonished to hear the pious Bishop Grostete urging the friars to study, and impressing upon them the necessity of an earnest application to theology, " or else," said he, " for a " certainty the same lot will befal you as has befallen " all other religious men, who are walking to their " shame in the darkness of ignorance." Perhaps he will less readily admit that the poverty of the friars, and the stringent rules of their founder, saved them from the temptations which proved detrimental to the clergy of the thirteenth century, and gave a fresh impetus to the study of theology. But so it Avas; and from this time scholastic divinity prepon- derated in lioth Universities.- Tlie speculative theology thus introduced into the ' When the whole administration of the law, civil and ecclesiasticial, ■Was in the hands of the monks and clergy, it is not surprising that the universities should he crowded with students, and the lectures of the canonists be attended with avidity. - See the curious dispute ia the University of Oxford on the occa- sion of Thomas of York supplicating a grace to be admitted regent in theology, without graduating in arts or law. — Epist. CXCII. PKEFACE. li schools, and treated in a hard, (hy, and higieal method, by the ■would have merited the contempt thrown upon it by HfeVfThe modern philosophers had it been nothing more than a in^rs. scholastic exercise ; had it never been brought to the test of experience ; had those who were educated in it retailed it from the pulpit, and dreamed that they could rule the world by abstractions and influence the feelings of mankind by dialectics. Was it so ? Is it not remarkable that the friars, the most ardent upholders of scholastic theology, are precisely the men who con- stitute the most popular preachers of the age ? That their sermons are far from being dry expositions of scho- lastic pliilosophy ? — that instead of being appeals to the reason agamst authority (as has been stated), they contain most direct appeals to the imagination and the feelings of the people to Avhom they were ad- dressed? Their sermons are full of pithy stories and racy anecdotes ; now introducing some popular tradition or legend, now enforcing a moral by some fable or allegory, or a " morality " borrowed from tlie " Gesta " Romanormn/' or similar collections. However in after ages the professor of tlieology, like Duns Scotus, Occham, or Burley, might be confined to a University ; the early scholars of the Order alternated study with preaching. Unfitted as the works of Roger Bacon or of Raymond Lidly might seem to the practical divine, it was for him, not the philosophic disputant, whether as a missionary among the Saracens, or a combatant of error and heresy at liome, that these works were written. " By the light of philo- " sophy," says the former, at the opening of his Opus Majus,^ " the church of God is ordered, the " commonwealth of the faithful is rightly disposed, " the conversion of the infidel is accomplished. It is > Tart i. ch. 1. lii PREFACE. " by tlie excellence of wisdom that they who are " obstinate in malice can alone be repressed, and they " are better repelled from the borders of the church " and further, than by the effusion of Christian blood." Their use So theology, which at one time was in danger of totelian '^' ^^ii^g banished from the universities and superseded logic. by the more popular and promising studies of Aristotle and the Canonists, returned to its pristine dignity. Tliere was no danger now of the Aristotelian dialectics superseding the more ancient and important studies of tlie divine. Theology, which had in the first in- stance reo^arded the new looic as its foe, found in it an unexpected ally. There was no fear of the stronger succumbing to the weaker. In the thorough decrepi- tude of the religious orders, in the utter confusion and disorders of the church, at the close of the 1 2th and beginning of the 18th century the result might have been otherwise, but for the reformation of St. Francis. Two such powerful influences at work upon the faith of men as the new ])hilosophy of Aristotle and the fascinations of Mahomedanism, large masses of the people growing up to wealth and power without the aid and in spite of the aid of the church, of a temper to appreciate keenly the arts and cultivation of the East, would have done the work of intideUty thoroughly. It is absurd to condemn the schoolmen for their great devotion to Aristotle, as if they had created his authority and not fomid it established ; equally absurd is it to condemn them for dialectical subtle- ties, when dialectical subtleties were overmatching Christianity. They were the men to show how Christianity was the answer to men's doubts ; how Aristotle was to be reconciled with Revelation, not Reve- lation with Aristotle. Even those who have slightly studied the subject have seen that scholasticism was an appeal from authority to reason ; — and that is true, if ]»y Reason is meant understanding ; but this obser- PREFACE. liii vatioii Avould have no meaning if it implied that the sehoohnen were setting up one authority in the phice of another, Aristotle in the place of the Fathers. In truth, Aristotle was a double help to them, not merely for that logical method of which he was the master, but, primarily, as the exponent of natural reason, and, secondly, as the representative of the whole range of Greek, that is, of all philosophy. Whatever natural reason could do, unassisted by Revelation, that Aristotle had accomplished. He is the apostle of man's natural reason, in all its strength, and if not in all, at least in no small share of its defects and its weakness. He is the philosopher whose final appeal is to the common sense of mankind, and to their ordinary words as the expression of their connnon faith. It would, perhaps, be too nmch to say, that the rudiments of all ancient heresies are to be found actually in the works of Aristotle ; but they might be found in the method and pi'inciples of Aristotle. Not without good reason did St. Bernard and the church of his age feel an instinctive dread at the enthrone- ment of a science which boded no good to the com- mon faith of Christendom, and set up natural re- ligion against revealed, understanding against faith. But for missionaries like the friars, who had to dispute with men not accustomed to the care, not ^villing, therefore, to acknowledge the authority of the church, it was of the utmost importance to know the full range and freest scope of the natural reason, — and where was there so clear and satisfactory an exponent of it as Aristotle? Whilst against those of the learned who magnified the Aristotelian philosophy, and would listen to no other appeal, it afforded the only weapon. But this study of Aristotle produced more lasting The re- and important consequences than the introduction of ^"'^^' ^°^ his method or even of his philosophy into the schools. liv PREFACE. No one will accuse Aristotle of mysticism ; no one will for a moment imagine that the high priest of common sense is ever in danger of losing sight of the obvious and the literal in the allegorical meaning of words. The rigid circumscriber of terms, approach- ing his definitions by a rigorous, though not very profound, induction of their usage, etymologies, and analogies, was not likely to give much countenance to an interpretation of Scripture, which turned the plainest facts of history into the most fanciful alle- gories, and accepted that exposition as the truest which was the furthest removed fi'om the literal mean- ing. As the schoolman vv^as forced by his position on the necessity of rigid demonstration and aii exacter use of words, he derived from the study of the great logician a more natural and literal exposition of Scrip- ture, a desire for more careful versions and com- mentaries. We date from this time a more me- thodical treatment of all subjects under discussion ; the employment of words in their more strict and literal meaning ; a work as new to the thirteenth century as it was important for the cultivation of those habits of accu- rate observation, without which the sixteenth century would have been as hazy, erratic, and immethodical as the ninth or the tenth. Let the reader who is inclined to underrate this service to truth refer to any commentary upon the plainest portions of Scrij)ture before and subsequent to the schoolmen. For evil. Out of this precision and the consequent necessity of stating and arranging formally in a certain number of propositions every subject under discussion, sprang their great error ; but it is not one of which this age has any right to accuse them. Their faults arose from their method. That method was in a measure forced upon them ; it Avas adapted to their audience and the state of science in their time ; if the syllo- gistic process be, as Bacon declares, tiie natural method PREFACE. Iv of tlie uncultivated reason. ^ They appealed to the understanding, their method ensiu'ed success to that appeal : it bound the understanding, if it did not satisfy a higher faculty, of which the schoolman and the preacher took no cognizance, and neither professed nor attempted to satisfy. On the whole, the spirit of Lord Bacon's remark is Just: " This same unprofitable subtilty or curiosity is of '* two sorts : either on the subject itself which they " (the schoolmen) " handle, when it is a fruitless specu- " lation or controversy (whereof there are no small " number both in divinity and philosophy), or in the " manner or method of handling of a knowledge, which " amongst them was this : upon every particular po- " sition or assertion to form objections, and to those " objections solutions, which solutions were for the most " part not confutations but distinctions ; whereas, in- " deed, the strength of all science is, as the strength of " that old man's faggot, in the band. For the harmony of " a science supporting each part the other, is and ought " to be the true and brief confutation and suppression " of all the smaller sort of objections. But on the " other side, if you take out every axiom, as the sticks '■' of the faggot, one by one, you may quarrel with • As in the gravediggers in Ham- let, -where the syllogistic conceits of the natural mind are brought into ludicrous, but somewhat pathetic, contrast with the inductive mind and deeper feeling of Hamlet, sick and becoming still sicklier by the useless pursuit of vain analogies. In thus setting before us the two intellectual phases, in their weakness, Shak- speare shows us how the mind of the fellow gravedigger, over- awed as he is by the magic of logic is not free from an uneasy feeling that all is not quite fair ; his judgment is trammeled ; but he is not convinced. His stolid wonder- ment is contrasted with the equally stolid common sense of Horatio, referring to his own sensuous tri- bunal the supersensiious flights of his companion ; guaging by his inch of plumb-line the unfathom- able, confused abyss of the other's thoughts, and declaring that there is nothing in them. It is a history in little of inductive and deductive philosophy. Ivi PREFACE. " them and bend them and break them at jT'our plea- " sure ; so that, as was said of Seneca, Verhoruvi mi- " nutiis rerwm frangit pondera, so a man may truly " say of the schoolmen, Qucestionwni oninutiis scien- " tiarwni frangunt soliditatem. For were it not better " for a man in a fair room to set up one great light " or branching candlestick of lights than to go about " witli a small watch-candle into every corner? And " such is their method, that rests not so much upon " evidence of truth proved by arguments, authorities, " similitudes, examples, as upon particular confutations " and solutions of every scruple, cavillation, and ob- " jection, breeding for the most part one question as " fast as it solveth another ; even as on the former re- " semblance, when you carry the light into one corner " you darken the rest ; so that the fable and fiction of " Scylla seemetli to be a lively image of this kind of " philosophy or knowledge, which was transformed into " a comely virgin for the upper parts, but then can- " dida succinctaon latrantihus iiiguina monstris ; " so the generalities of schoolmen are for a while good " and proportionable ; but then when you descend " into their distinctions and divisions, instead of a " fruitful womb for the use and benefit of man's life, " they end in monstrous altercations and barking ques- " tions. So as it is not possible but this quality of " knowledge must fall under popular contempt, the " people being apt to contemn truth upon occasion of " controversies and altercations, and to think they are '' all out of their way which never meet, and when " they see such digiadiation about subtleties and matter " of no use or moment, they easily fall upon that " judgment of Dionysius of Syracuse : Verba ista sunt " senum otlosoruni. " Notwithstanding, certain it is that if those school- " men to their great thirst of truth and unwearied " travel of wit had joined variety and universality PREFACE. Ivli " of reading- and C()nteni})lation, tliey Lad proved ex- " cellent lights to the great advancement of all learn- " ing and knowledge." ' That popular conteni])t Avas, however, an after- growth ; it sprang not out of a more philosophical spirit of inrpiiry or profonnder method, but from mere weariness and distaste. The work of the schoolman was accomplished.'^ He had formed the mind of Christendom for the great events to come. Of the popularity and efficiency of Ids teaching, in the first instance, no other proof will be required than its attractiveness for every man of genius, whether in our own most practical country or elsewhere. England, never much inclined to Papal dictation, is more fertile than any other nation in Franciscans. The University of Oxford, distinguished during this century for the bitter animosity of its students against Papal dictation and Papal legates, is exclusively directed and ruled by these new teachers. The clergy and the nobles in the reign of Henry III., who were forming a party against the king, to give freer utterance to the national voice, and support the independence of the people against the Pope, and, lastly, those classes in the towns which had hitherto been, and still continue to be, the most indefatigable asserters of municipal freedom, and the strongest opponents to the encroachments of churchmen, are at the same time the most liberal supporters of the Order of St. Francis. A thoughtful reader of history will pause and inquire how men engaged in the most engrossing of all struggles, in the assertion of political independence and religious freedom, could have felt so deep an interest in a religious order, like the friars, ' Advt. I. p. 27, ed. IMarkby. i islands, Bonaventure and Lully cx- = Almost every Franciscan school- cepted. We are proportionably man of note came from these [ scanty in the names of Dominicans. Iviii PREFACE. whose name is identified with the least popuhir of all popular occupations, unless there had been something in the speculations as well as the practice of these men, which was felt to have an intimate affinity "svith such precious objects ; unless in that liberty of discussion introduced by them and so new to Europe, so far beyond all papal control, men had also seen that other forms of liberty were involved. It was morally impossible that the schoolmen could be successfully enthralling the mind of Europe, at that time above all others, when it was rising day by day into a greater sense and value of its indepen- dence. But we are not left to conjecture. Out of the ranks of the schoolmen came forth the most po- pular preachers, the most uncompromismg opponents of the Pope, as well as the great asserters of papal authority. Under their training are educated the pre- cursors of the Reformation, as well as the ablest of the reformers themselves. From whatever point of view the history of the friars regarded, whether in the poetical form of Dante's " Divina Commedia," ^ or the romantic, as of Raymond Lully, or of the great metho- dizer, as Thomas Aquinas, or of the founder of ex- perimental philosophy, as Roger Bacon ; whether as training the popular mind to science, or elevating it by the representation of those mystery plays out of which the modern drama sprang, whether as that of the popular preacher wielding v.ist assemblages of men, ' Had Dante not been a poet, he would have been a schoolman. His turn of mind is eminently scholastic ; and it is the greatest proof of his genius that he could rise superior to this bias and retain entire his poetical sympathies and powers- As in Etna, rocks, woods, and rub- bish, the most unmalleable material, that would have overwhelmed a smaller fire, were in the furnace of his heart and brain turned into red- hot molten lava. The " Summa " of Thomas Aquinas is the ground plot of the Commedia, marvellously simple and marvellously comprehen- [sive. PREFACE. lix or captivating their fancies by the lighter forms of fiction, story, apologue, or anecdote, that history is alike remarkable. It deserves the most careful study, not only for its o\yn sake, as illustrating the de- velopment of the intellect of Europe, previous to the Reformation, but as the link which connects modern with mediaeval times. It is the matm'est development of the mind* of the latter, the preparation and fore- runner of the former. For Englishmen the whole subject is replete with unusual interest ; as in their history the succession of events from the scholastic era to the Reformation, and the law of that succession, can be traced with so much more distinctness than in the history of any other people. The very men who, in later times, were launching tlie severest sarcasms against the schoolmen, or ridi- culing their subserviency to Aristotle, had been trained to their new freedom and vigom* of mind by the men they had learned to despise. The unreservedness with which the schoolmen ranged through every region of metaphysics and divinity led, in turn, to equal freedom of discussion, equal unreservedness in political discus- sions. Then, as since, the greatest social innovations ensued. The true sources of our civil wars in the loth century are to be found rather in the teachings of Wicliffe and his followers than the rival claims of Yorkist or Lancastrian ; and Wicliffe is the genuine descendant of the friars, turning their wisdom against themselves, and carrying out the principles he had sive. Dante, too, like Aquinas, marshals before him the jjast and the present ; he has their special sphere and place for all, the dead and the living. There is this happy difference, however, that Virgil stood him in the place of Aristotle. Hence, though his judgment is scholastic, though it is fettered by classifica- tions and definitions, his heart and imagination revolt against them. This is the secret of his sternness and his tenderness ; and not of his alone, but of the whole middle age. e 2 Ix TEEFACE. learnt from tiieni to their legitimate political con- clusions. But these are considerations proper for tlie historian. I turn to — II.— THE STATE AND HISTORY OF THE MSS. Of the era thus sketched in tlie foregoing pages, this volume contains the earliest accounts ; scanty and meagre compared with the importance of the subject, l)ut still almost the only contemporary materials we possess of the settlement and progress of the Franciscan Friars in England. The history of the order was com- piled long after its importance had declined. Contem- porary narratives and letters, such as those which are exhibited in this volume, are extremely rare. This is a justification for their appearance among the " Memo- " rials and Chronicles of Gi'eat Britain." ^ Valuable as they are on this account, they have additional claims on the reader, as they are now for the first time given to the world. The MSS. from which they have been derived are unique, and have narrowly escaped total destruction. I. The treatise of Eccleston De Adventu Minomm in Anf/liain, which stands first in the volume, is found in a mutilated MS., in the Chapter Library ' I cannot consider the life of St. Francis, by his disciple, the cele- brated Cardinal Bonaventura, as forming any exception to this state- ment. The pious motive which dictates the duty of such a tribute to the memory of a saint and foun- der of a religious order, is very different from that which deter- mines the judgment of an ordinary biographer or narrator. The Liber Coiiformitatum of Bartholomew of Pisa, the best account we yet possess of St. Francis and his earliest companions, notwithstanding its ab- surdities, did not appear until the close of the 14th centurj'. In this respect the Franciscans form a re- markable contrast to the Benedic- tine monks, and Eccleston might reasonably regret that, whereas other orders had their historians, and their records of great men to place before their disciples, the Franciscan possessed no such means for glory and edification. See p. 3. PREFACE. ]xi R,t York ; the latter portion of it has been totally obliterated by clamp. Happily a fragment of the latter portion preserved in another MS. in the British Museum has enabled me to recover nearly the whole of this singular and interesting narrative. II. Of the Epistles of Adam de Marisco the MS. in the British Museum is the only one known to exist. It is deficient in some leaves at the end. That defi- ciency has been fortunately supplied by a single copy of the last letter, and of that only, in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. The Cottonian MS. has been charred and shrivelled by the fire from which that Library suffered, and the margin is impaired. In other respects it has been carefully preserved, and though often perplexing, is generally legible. III. The Registrum Fratvum Minorum from the same collection, forming the third treatise in the series, has suffered in a much greater degi-ee from the same accident. Fortunately the contents of this MS. are of less historical value than either of the others, and the loss is comparatively unimportant. I believe, howevei', that I am correct in stating, that such do- cuments as these, illustrating so minutely the early history of the Minorite order, are witliout a parallel. No chartularies, or registers of their houses have been preserved, if indeed any ever existed. The usages of their society, and the strict rules of their order, for- bade the acquisition of property. They had no his- torians, like the monks ; their founder and earliest converts were notoriously unf^xvourable to learning, except as it qualified them for the duties of the preacher and the missionary. The possession of parch- ment and writing materials was forbidden by the injunctioiLS of St. Francis. How could a body of men require charters and registers, v\dio possessed no lands? How value historical records or historical writing, who placed the highest importance on poverty and Ixii PREFACE. nieditation ? With the exception of Roger Bacon's Opus Tertiuni, in which he gives an account of the peculiar hardships under which he laboured in the prosecution of his studies, I know of no other works, besides those included in this volume, which can hel]> the historical inquirer to a better knowledge of the foundation and progress of this remarkable order in England. Occasional references to their doings will be found in the common monastic chronicles ; but such notices must not be compared in historical value with the sustained narratives in which the fortunes of almost every great monastic house may be traced from its foun- dation to a few years within the period of its dis- solution. They fail to supply the minute information to be derived from monastic chartularies or registers, without which the passing notices of a great house or remarkable event can never be adequately gauged or their due proportions and real worth discovered. Such references to the friars are not favourable, it must be confessed ; they are as bitter as religious jealousy could make them. But a just estimate of the order is not to be derived from its professed ene- mies. And such were the monks. Had there even existed a greater sympathy between them, it was not to be expected that the monk, whose day was gone by, and whose influence was declining before the genius of the new order, could either understand or applaud the man who magnified poverty, declaimed against common property, and considered the labours of the cloister as unfitted for the age, unsuited to the duties of a teacher. The MSS. Upon this subject I haxe spoken before. I proceed cleston. to describe briefly the MSS. employed by me in form- ing the text of the work, and the plan pursued. Of the two MSS. of Eccleston, the one preserved at York is ouoted under the name Ebor, : the other in the Cot- PREFACE. Ixiii tonian Library (Nero, A. ix.) as Cott. or Cotton. Both MSS. are written on vellum ; both belong to the early part of the fourteenth century. A fac simile of each appears in the front of this volume. The first (A.), taken from the York MS., corresponds with p. 67 of the text ; the others (B.) and (C.) are specimens of two different portions of the Cottonian MS., and refer to pages 31 and 54. The York MS. consists of forty-three pages in small The York quarto. More than a century since it was examined ■'^^^• by Dr. Richard Richardson, and an account of it, with a summary of its contents, transcribed by him for Hearne the antiquarian, and published by the latter in his edition of Otterbourne, vol. i. appendix, p. xcii. In his letter, dated from York, July 5th, 1726, Dr. Richardson states, *' that even in liis days one-third " part of the MS. seemed to have been written with " bad ink, and the writing was almost defaced." " The " whole book," he adds, " is much fuller of abbrevia- " tions than any of those few manuscripts which I have " seen ; so that I cannot give you so good an account " of it as I would." He then proceeds to enumerate the titles of the fourteen Chapters as here printed, giving an English summary of their contents. One hundred and thirty years have not improved the legibility of the MS., which fully bears out tlie description given of it by Dr. Richardson, The hand- writing is more than usually cramped and contracted. The difiiculty of determining the true reading is greatly increased by the badness of the ink and the effects of damp. Besides Dr. Richardson, the York MS. had been inspected, in all probability, by Anthony Wood. In his History of the Antiquities of the University of Oxford, Wood makes frequent allusions to Eccles- ton. Sometimes he refers to an imperfect copy in the Cotton Library, sometimes he quotes from an appa- rently perfect copy, without stating where it was Ixiv PREFACE. ])reserved.' As MSS. were commonly lent in those days, there can be little douljt that Wood had seen the one now preserved at York. As early, then, as the time of Wood the Cottonian manuscript was defec- tive ; and since neither Wood nor Hearne, nor yet Bishop Tanner, all men of patient research, and greatly interested in the antiquities of their country, mention more than tv/o MSS. as existing in their days, and corresponding with the two at present known, there is sufficient reason to infer that no other MSS. than those employed for the text of this volume have come down to the present time. This fjxct is of some importance.- Besides these English writers to whom Eccleston was known, I find it stated in the list of authorities prefixed to the AQinales Minorum, that Wadding had consulted a MS. of Eccleston. In the account of Eccleston given by this writer in his Bibliotheca Minorum, Eccleston's work is described in a tone which seems to imply a perfect acquaintance with its con- tents ; it would lead to the inference that Wadding had the use of a copy more comprehensive than any yet named, or known to Leland, Wood, or Bishop Tanner. Wadding was a native of Ireland, a writer of great research, of equal modesty, of midoubted ac- curacy. He was familiar with the writings of the brethren of his order, relating to their own history and the general history of England, preserved at Kil- kemiy and elsewhere. It is, therefore, possible that he ' Thus " In imperfccto cxempJari Tho. Eccleston, MS. in Bib. Cotton, coll. ult." Again, " In altera cxem- plari." Historia de Antiq. Univer- sitatis 0x011. p. 68. " Perfectum c.veniplar Eccleston," &c. lb. p. 71. - Leland printed in bis Collec- tanea extracts from a MS. of Ec- cleston (see App. p. 54), -which, according to his statement, De Scriptoribus Britannicis, was pre- served in the Queen's library at Granta Girviorum. But in Leland's extract a passage occurs at present to be found only in the Cottonian copy. PREFACE. Ixv may have seen such a copy of" Eccleston, which has since disappeared with otlier works of the same kind.' But if so, it is remarkable tliat, in his accoimt of the arrival of the Franciscans in England, and the planting and diffusion of their order here, Wadding should have preferred the later and obviously erroneous accounts of Bartholomew of Pisa,- and the still more modern and vague narratives of Gonzaga, to the contemporary and precise information furnished by Eccleston. On various occasions the testimony of Eccleston would have been of the greatest service to Wadding, in clearing up obscuri- ties connected with the early history of the Friars. Eccleston speaks with the fulness and unhesitating sincerity of an eye-witness, where Wadding is meagre and unsatisfiictory. Is it credible that if Wadding had really seen the MS. of Eccleston, he would have treated it with so much contempt and apparent indif- ference ? Such a supposition is impossible, considering the terms in which he has spoken of Eccleston in his Bibliotheca. I infer, therefore, that Wadding's acquaintance with Eccleston 's history extended only to the extracts of it published by Leland and Wood, no further. Even those he does not appear to have treated with the con- sideration they deserved. For he ti'usted imj^licitly to Pitts, a poor compiler of the IGth century. There seems, then, little hope of recovering a more perfect or complete copy of Eccleston 's work ; and the extracts made from it by the writers already men- tioned are too scanty to yield much help for correcting the errors and obscmities of the text. Owing to these deficiencies and the incompleteness of both MSS., it ' What has become of the MSS. once existing in the Irish Conven- tual libraries ? - Compare the accoimt of Bartho- lomew of Pisa with that of Eccle- ston in the Chron. of Lanercost. See it in .Appendix, p. 633. Ixvi PREFACE. was impossible to give a decided preference to either. For the earlier portion of the work the York MS. was the only guide ; in the later I have been compelled to adopt the Cottonian. But without this necessity I should have been justified in the preference. It fully merits the praise accorded to it by Wood and Eichardson. Of the history and transmission of either MS. no record j-emains. The names of Esseby and Eccleston point to the author's connection with the province of York. A tradition, confusing Thomas of Eccleston with Thomas of York, leads to the same conclusion. On the other hand, the Cotton MS. belonged to the con- vent of Hereford, in the wardenship of Bristol, as is obvious from the notice at p. 559.' Unfortunately the old covers of the MS. have been replaced by a later binding. §2. MS. of Of the Epistles of Adam de Marisco (de Marsh) no Marisco.^ other MS. is known than the Cottonian, Vitellius, C. viii. It is a handsome folio, on veUum, of the latter end of the thirteenth or the beginning of the fourteenth century. A fac simile of it is prefixed to this volume, marked D. With the exception of the last letter, addressed to the Archl)ishop of York, the MS. contains a complete col- lection of the Epistles of Adam de Marsh. At an early period they attracted the attention of persons interested in antiquarian and historical researches. They are quoted by Wood in his Antiquities of the University ' The Wardenship of York inclu- ] colnshire or Yorkshire. For the ded Lincolnshire (see Appendix, p. 679). Esseby might be Honour Ashby, or one of the numerous villages of that name in Lin- loan of a transcript of the York ]MS. I am indebted to the kindness of the present Archdeacon of Craik. PREFACE. Ixvii of Oxford from the MS. now in the Cottonian Library. No other MS. was known to Wood or to Bishop Tanner ; and no other is noAV supposed to exist, if, indeed, any other copy ever did exist. Much that is valuable in the earliest and most authentic materials for the history of this country is in the same predica- ment. The writing, like the fac simile of Eccleston (A.), resembles the official hand employed in copying- state records and enrolments, except that in general the contractions are more numerous and perplexing. Tliis is a common characteristic of all the MSS. which I have examined of the Franciscan Friars, forminc a remarkable contrast to the more splendid volumes of the monastic orders, during the thirteenth century. The frequent complaints made by Adam de Marisco and Roger Bacon against the reluctance of their supe- riors to allow facilities for writing or provide tran- scribers,' will account for this rigid economy of parch- ment, and the general meagreness and penury of FrancLScan MSS. With the exception of the two letters addressed to Cardinal Bonaventure,^ and the declaration at p. 307, the handwriting of the MS. is the same throughout. Spaces have been left for the rubricated capitals, which have not been filled in. In the earlier part of the MS. a few corrections of rjiore obvious errors have been inserted by another hand in the margin. But the injmy done to the margin by the accident in the Cottonian Library has mutilated the corrections in some instances, and ob- literated them entirely in others. The latter portions ' See this volume, p. 355, and the I 2 These are in a stiff and regular Opus Tertium of Koger Bacon, hand, similar to the Oxford MS., who complains that a good tran scriber -was not to be found in his order. The ordinary copyists pirated MSS., and disposed of them to rival authors or publishers. for a specimen of which I am in- debted to the Rev. F. Hingeston. Ixviii PREFACE. of tlie volume have not been submitted to this revision ; gross mistakes exist ; words are omitted necessary to complete the sense. In one instance the superscription of the letter has been forgotten ; in another, it is wi'ongly given. The top margin of the MS., extending to five or six lines on both sides of the page, has been blackened and shrivelled by the action of the fire ; the lines of the writing are dis- torted, the letters contracted to a minuteness Avhich renders the true reading not always an easy task, as the reader may judge by the fac simile taken from the first page.' A slight distortion of so minute and peculiar a hand often produces considerable per- plexity, and the artificial, involved, and stilted style of Adam de Marisco, the involution of parenthesis in parenthesis, the irregularity of the punctuation, the startling transitions, present formidable obstacles to editor as well as reader.^ In some instances it was impossible to divine the author's meaning ; in others the obscurity was removed by the substitution of a word in the text, which had been erroneously omitted by the scribe. In these cases I have either suggested, in a foot-note, what seemed to me to be wanting, or carried the correction into the text and distinguished it by brackets.^ But I have never ven- tui'ed on these liberties without due notice. On more than one occasion I have permitted a passage to re- main as copied from the MS., though fully convinced that it was not in the form which the author left it. Such errors are common in MSS. of this kind. ' The skill with which this MS. | sentence. This character :' is used has been repaired is highly credita- ble to the authorities of the British Museum. 2 Long sentences occur without a single stop. In other cases a full stop is placed in the middle of the as equivalent to a comma or inter- rogation ; and the comma to a semi- colon. The full stop (.) is used indiflFerently for all and any. ^Thus [ ]. PREFACE. Ixix and must rather be corrected by the cai- than by the eye. As the scribe wrote to dictation, the omission of a word, or a misapprehension of its sound, was often productive of errors. But the confusion in the punctu- ation is still more inexplicable. To have adopted the same rigid rule liere as in the words of the author would have presented the work in a form altogether unintelligible.' It is open, of course, to the reader to set aside my punctuation and adopt his own ; and he will probably see reason to depart from my judgment on more than one occasion ; at the same time I hope my assurance will be accepted that I have bestowed considerable pains in giving a faithful and accurate transcript of the MS., and have repeatedly recurred to doubtful passages, collating and re-collating, that I might not impose on the reader my own inadverten- cies for errors and omissions in the original. Of the transmission of the MS. and its primary des- tination, no notice has been preserved. The MS. has l)een bound up with several others of different dates, and manifestly derived from different libraries. A leaf is wantino- at the end, the ancient bindino- is gone, and none of the flyleaves remain. It would be vain, there- fore, to hazard a conjecture to which of the religious houses of the Franciscan Order it originally belonged. But as Adam de Marisco .spent the greater part of his life in Oxford, and while there must have preserved the copies of the letters, which were afterwards col- lected into this volume, it is not unreasonable to sup- pose that the MS. was compiled and written in Oxford. Among his correspondents were the Queen of England, ' I know of no instance wliere the most inflexible editor has retained the punctuation of a niedifcval MS., liowever faithful he may be to its most obvious blunders. In the case of the letters of A. de i\Iarisco ■we need no speculation on this sub- ject ; the scribe assures us that they were written from dictation, p. .31)7. Ixx PREFACE. the Earl and Countess of Leicester, Richard Earl of Cornwall, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishops of Winchester and Worcester, Bishop Grostete, the Franciscan Ministers, and others. The correspondence extends over several years, and he must at an early period have entertained the idea of eventually collect- ing it for publication. This is further evident from the fact that the names mentioned in some of the letters have been left blank, as if the wi'iter were un- willing to let them appear, for political or other reasons. XJnfoi-timately, no traces of the letters ad- dressed to the wi'iter is now to be found. Even in the correspondence of Bishop Grostete, as published by Brown in his Fasciculus, not a single Epistle appears addressed to Adam de Marisco, althouo-h the letters of the latter bear evident testimony of the intimate and unbroken correspondence between himself and the bishop. I may add, in conclusion, that this MS. is un- doubtedly the same as the one mentioned by Bishop Bale (who generally contrives to repeat and augment the blunders of his predecessors,) under the title of Eijistolca ad Grossetestum ; the only work of the kind which Bale has attributed to Adam de Marisco.^ Eegi.strum Fratruni ^linorum. §3. The third work in the collection, Registrum Fratrum Minorum, Londonicu, is derived from a paper MS. of the fifteenth century, preserved in the British Museum, and numbered Vitellius F. XIII. It is very carelessly written by a scribe evidently ill at ease in the Latin ' It is stated by Lcland, I know not on Mhat authority, that Adam de Marisco persuaded Grostete to leave his MSS. to the Library of the Franciscans in Oxford. That his MSS. were preserved there, is clear from the letter, p. 185. PREFACE. Ixxi tongue. The capital letters are clumsily rubricated, and the whole MS. l)ears evident marks of that degeneracy of which Leland complains, ' and of the decline of those arts for which the religious bodies had once been famous. It has suffered great injury from the Cotton fire. The margins have been destroyed and grievously discoloured, and the text is destroyed in various places. It was known to Stow, the antiquarian, who made use of it in liis Chronicle of England ; and a translation of the most important parts of it, by the same writer, is still preserved among his books and memoranda in the Harleian Collection. It is the only work of the kind extant. A painful proof, if such were needed, of the utter devastation committed when the Franciscan convents were dissolved, and their libraries dispersed. III.— LIVES OF THE AUTHORS. Thomas of Eccleston. Of Thomas of Eccleston nothing more is known than Thomas of what is to be gathered from his work here printed, ^g Hfe and According to Leland, he was a scholar at Oxford of no writings. mean repute. In his desire to investigate the origin, increase, and success of the Franciscan Order, to which he belonged, and especially its settlement and progress in England, he made inquiries of his superiors, and from the information thus collected compiled his work. "He began," adds Leland, "with the arrival of Ag- " nellus of Pisa in Britain, and continued liis task " with the greatest diligence, scrupulous care, and un- " blemished fidelity, to the time of William of Not- *' ingham, Minister-General of the Order. He dedicated ' Scriptores Britan., p. 309. 1: PREFACE. " tlie l)Ook, wlieii completed, to Simon Esclieby, Lis " learned friend, of the same Order." * It will be seen, on a reference to Eccleston's preface, that Leland's information was drawn exclusively from Eccleston's own account of himself as given in the work here printed. He states that he was twenty- five years engaged in collecting the materials for his book.- It affords a few scattered notices which supply us with some fticts that have escaped the research of Leland and his successors. At one time Eccleston refers to the memory of Adam de Marsico, who died in 1257 or 1258 ; at another, he speaks of William of Not- tinojham as beino; no longer alive. ^ This must have been after the year 1250, when William of Notingham was succeeded by Peter of Tewksbury. He also states that, during the life of William, he had resided at the convent of London, and had been not only a witness, but partaker of the hard fare of the bretlnen there. Again he states that he was an eye-witness of the charity shown to the Friars by the city of London.* He mentions the construction of the con- vent there, and the liberality of Henry de Frowj^c and Salekin de Basing, assisted by the munificence of Henry III.'' In another place he speaks of himself as being a student at Oxford, with a comj)anion who after- wards obtained the applause of Grostete, ^ the Bishop of Lincoln. These references leave no doubt that Ec- cleston must have been contemporary with Henry III. ' Perdaxit historiam (lUhjcntia summa, cura solicita, dcniqae fide optima, &c. — Scriptores Britan. s. v. ^p.3. ' Tempore pice memorice W. Ministri, p. 9, cf. pp. 32, .50. * Tempore meo vidi Loudon ice, p. 9. * 5't'e p. 1 7 . Compare the account given by Eccleston -with that given in the llegistrum Minorum, p. 461. No doubt can exist that Eccleston, if not resident in London, was well acquainted with the proceedings of the Convent there. " p. 39. lie speaks of himself at pp. 36 and 53. PREFACE. 1 XXIU And this is sufficient to disprove the absurd statement of Bale, who places him in the reign of Edward III., a blunder lieedlessly followed by Pitt, Tanner, and others. The progress of exaggeration is exemphfied in this notorious biographer. After quoting Leland's account of Eccleston, which he has curtailed of ex- pressions too favourable to the Fiiar, Bale thus pro- ceeds : " Opus est ad instar libri Conformitatum " Bartholomtei Pisani, licet quantitate minus, fabulis, " mendaciis ac blasphemiis plenum. Tractat enim " de Francisci tunica, chorda, vidneribus et braccis, " de primis fratrum exordiis in Anglia, de absti- " nentiis, jejuniis, ciliciis, vigiliis, castrationibus vel " emasculationibus, pedificiis, precibus horariis, visio- " nibus, portentis, prodigiis, studiis, doctrinis et lec- " turis. Absolutumque opus hoc Simoni Essebio amico " et ejus ordinis professori dedicavit." It might almost be doubted whether Leland and Bale were speaking of one and the same work, but for the notorious disregard of the latter to strict veracity, whenever an opportunity occurred for venting his hatred against the religious orders. To the same suspicious authority we owe the assertion that Eccleston was the author of a work in 1269 against the Dominicans, entitled Be Impugna- tione X)er Dominicanos, and he adds, " atque alia coa- " gessit, sed ejusdem omnino saporis ; ita ut ex his " nihil aliud professi videantm- quam scenicam quandam " hypocrisim ac merum queestum." It is, however, scarcely worth while to enter upon a serious refuta- tion of a writer whose judgment and accuracy bore no proportion to his prejudices.' Eccleston's work fully bears out the character it Subject of has received from Leland. It is the production of a simple-minded, single-hearted friar, who entertains no ' I leave it to Bale to settle how Eccleston could write against the Dominicans in 1269 and flourieh in the reign of Edward III. ! f Ixxiv THEFACE. misgivings as to the piety, sincerity, and good works of his order, and is proportional)ly zealous that their poverty, self-denial, and labours of love should not he forgotten. Without any of the ambition of the pro- fessed historian, he has contrived to compose a narrative of thirty years, which cannot fail of interesting his readers, whether curious or not in the progress of the order to which he l)elonged. He gives us what no other writer, less simple-minded and zealous, would liave cared or perhaps been willing to give ; — a clc^ar, mivarnished picture of the friars in their poverty, and before their order had been glorified by the eminent schoolmen of a later period. In this little work tlie reader may see the friar in his cell or his refectory ; sittino" round the fire and warmino- liis dregs of sour beer, or shedding tears at mass in his little chajiel of wood ; or he may listen to the provincial minister in the iniirmary warning the novices in that peculiar fi)rm of apologue or table which made the friars famous, and associated their names with the most pithy apophtliegms and stories throughout Christendom. The two following, related of Friar Albertus of Pisa, will serve as a specimen: — " At divine service he was very devout, and avoided " wandering of mind by shutting his eyes. In the " society of the brethren he was always cheerful and " pleasant, and drew upon himself the affections of " all. So when he was let blood in the convent, on " one occasion, he set forth this parable among them, " chiefiy on account of a novice who was then present, " who was too wise in his own eyes, and presumed to " intermeddle in what did not concern him: — 'There '■' ' was a countryman,' he said, ' who hearing that there " ' was so nuich rest in Paradise, and so many delights, " ' set out in quest of it, il" ])erchance lie could gain " ' admittance. And when he had readied the irate " ' after some trouble, he found St. Peter and requested PREFACE. IxxV •' 'to 1)0 lot in. Thon St. Peter asked him if hr oould " ' obsorvo tlio law.s of Paradise, and would koo]i tlioiu " ' before liim, and ho said " Yes," if St. Peter would " ' be good enough to tell him -what they were. Thon " ' Peter told him that he had nothing else to do exee])t " ' to hold his tongue. The countryman very gladly " ' assented to these conditioiLS, and was admitted ; " ' and as he was walking tln-ougli Paradise he saw " * a man ploughing with two oxen, a lean and fat " ' (mo ; and he allowed the fat ox to go as he would, " ' but kept whi]>ping and s})urring the lean one. " ' And ruiming up to him, the countryman rebuked " ' him ; and straightway St. Peter appeared, and " ' would have expelled him, 3'et he spared him that " ' time, and told him to take warning for the future. " ' And forthwith going a little further, the country- " ' man saw a man cju'rying a long beam with which " ' he wanted to enter a house, but he always tm-ned '■' ' the beam across the door ; and running up to him, " ' tlie countryman told him to turn one end 01 the " ' beam forward. And again St. Peter appeared, and " ' would by ail moans have expelled him, but he " ' spared him that time also. Going his way a " ' third time, the countryman saw a man lopping '' ' trees in a wood, and he spared all the old anil the " ' rotten trunks, but cut down the straightest, tallest, " ' and greenest trees. And running up, he rebidced " ' him. Thon St. Peter appeared and incontijiently " ' expelled liim." For ho wished," continues Eccleston, " that inforiors shoidd hold their superiors in respect on " all occasions, saying, ' Far be it that familiarity " ' slunild brood contempt.' " In the aforesaid collation. Friar Albertus told " another parable against the proNumptiim of young " men ; sajnng, that there was a young bull who " diverted himself in tho meadows and fields just as " he would. One day, about Prime or Terce. lie f 2 Ixxvl PREFACE, " turned aside to see the ploughing ; and he beheld " the senior bulls pacing leisurely along in the furrow, " and doing but little work. So he rebuked them, " and told them he would do as much as they at a " start ; and they begged that he would come and " help them. So placing his neck in the yoke, he " ran with great speed to the middle of the furrow, and " being weary and out of breath, he looked round and " said, ' What ! is it not all done ? ' And the old bulls " answered ' No,' and laughed at him. Then the young " bull said that he could not go any further. There- " fore, said they, we advance with moderation, " because we have to work continually, and not for a " time only." ^ It would not be difEcult to multiply passages of this kind ; but these will be sufficient to show the predominant element of Eccleston's work, of which a more minute and precise account will be found in the summary prefixed to it. The anecdotes of Bishop Grostete, interspersed throughout the narrative, are not the least interesting portion of it. They confirm the popular estimation of liis character ; but they also present him in a new light, as the liberal friend and supporter of the Minorite Friars, fully alive to the importance and even the necessity of their mission. Adam de Marisco. Ilis family. The materials for the life of Adam de Marisco, the Doctor Illustris of the Schoolmen, are scjircely more numerous or more trustworthy than those which relate to Eccleston. He is stated by Leland to have been a p. 56. PREFACE. Ixxvii native of Somersetshire, though I know not on what authority. But if any sanction for this statement has been derived from his name, Somersetshire may claim the honour as well as any other county. The patro- nymic was common in every part of England during the middle ages ; wherever there was a marsh, there also would be found a De Marisco. It is still more remarkable ^ that there was another Adam de Marisco living at the same time. Like our author he belonged to the diocese of Lincoln, like him he was an acquain- tance^f Bishop Grostete, like him, too, a member of some religious fraternity, and but for the untoward circumstance that he had been convicted of theft, and was a prisoner at York, he might very well have passed for the "true Dromio." From his letters, however, we are now enabled to glean a few facts respecting Adam de Marisco and his ftimily, unknown to previous biographers. Besides the Schoolman, two at least of the same family, Thomas and Robert, are mentioned by bim in this volume ; we may not improbably add to them a third, named William, whom Adam de Marisco calls his kinsman,- the bailiff of Bugden, apparently in the service of Bishop Grostete. Robert, to whom more frequent reference is made, and for whose welfare and reputation our author was extremely solicitous, was the brotl#r of Adam, and resided with him at Oxford.^ He appears, like his brother, to have enjoyed tlie friendship and confidence of the bisliop ; probably studied under him at the University, and was advanced by him to the archdeaconry of Oxford about the year 1248.'* On the occasion when Robert was taking his ' See the remarkable extract from the Patent Rolls, in A pp. ^ Germamis incus, p. 252. ' See pp. 99, 135, 137. *pp. 132, 172, n. Ixxviii PREFACE. degree in theology at Oxford, Grostete had expressed a desire of being present and presiding at the cere- mony.^ In his 33rd letter, Adam de Marisco expresses a hope that his brother Robert may be admitted to the priesthood by the imposition of Grostete's hands — a request not likely to be refused. Like his brother, the Archdeacon was a strict disciplinarian in ecclesi- astical matters ;'- no small recommendation to the friendship of Grostete. Of Thomas, whom the writer styles a relative by blood,^ and for whose interests he interposes moije than once in these letters, no notice occurs elsewhere, nor is it possible to ascertain his rank or occupation from the references in this volume. He is once* mentioned as the bearer of a letter from Grostete to Ethelmar, Bishop of Winchester, and the Prior of St. Swithin's It might consequently be inferred that he also was in Grostete's service."^ ' Giraldus Cambrensis, on a simi- lar occasion, entertained the Uni- versity at a public banquet tlirce consecutive days. - Matthew Paris, who is far from being uniformly partial to Grostete, and could not forgive the Bishop for his alTection and libei'ality to the Triars, accuses him of injustice for giving Robert de Marisco the living of Aylesbury. " Master Robert de Weseham (he says), Dean of Lincoln, a man distinguished for his morals and learning, was, chiefly at the instance of the Bishop of Lincoln, elected and appointed Bishop of Coventry [1245], in the place of William de Montpellier. The Bishop of Lincoln having thus ob- tained the object of his wishes, sequestered and alienated the Church of Aylesbury, as he had long wished to do, from the deanery of Lincoln, (because he believed that the Dean would prove refractory, owing to the rich emoluments of the Church,) and he gave it to Master Robert de Marsh, not without great injury to the Church, which had been held from time immemorial by the Dean of Lincoln." Li an. re45, Weseham had succeeded Grostete as divinity reader to the Friars in Oxford. Ecclest. p. 48. ^ Cormangiiineus mtits, p. 223. M'tlii secvndvm carnern propinquo, p. 243. Secundum lineam consan- (juinitatin conjuncto, p. 243: see also p. 399. ^ p. 95, * He also mentions Juliana of Ilorningdene as a relative, p. 239 PREFACE. Ixxix Adam de Marisco received his education at Oxford ; The author, entered the priesthood ; and before his admission into the Franciscan order held a hving near Wearmouth, in the diocese of Durliam, for three years, if we may credit the Chronicle of Lanercost. Wood ' mentions a letter of Grostete, then Archdeacon of Leicester, addressed to Agnellus, the first provincial minister of the Grey Friars, in whicli the writer expresses his esteem for our author, and regrets his departure, as he calls it, " from his Holy College." This letter must refer to the period after Adam de Marisco had entered the Order. According to Eccleston^ he assumed the habit at Worcester, during the wardenship of Agnellus, that is, between 123G and 1239 ; and his admission procured the new comers no small degree of reputation. " Master Adam of Oxford, who was fomous through- " out the world," says Eccleston, " had made a vow " that he would grant any request that should be pre- " ferred to him in the name of the ' Blessed Mary ; ' " and he told this to a certain recluse, who was " a friend of his. She revealed the secret to her " Iriends ; that is, to a monk of Reading, to another " of the Cistercian order, and to a friar preaciier ; " telHng them that they could gain such a man in " such a way ; not wishing tliat Adam should become " a Friar Minor. But the Blessed Virgin did not " permit any one in his presence to make the needful " request; but deferred it to another time. One night " lie had a dream that he liad to cross a bridge, " where some men were throwing their nets into the " stream, endeavouring to catch him ; that he escaped " them witli great difficulty, and readied a peaceful " spot. Now when, hj the Divine Will, he had escaped " all others, he went casually to visit the Friars, and ' Antiq. Univ. Oxoia , p. 72. j ^ p. 16. IXXX PREFACE. " during the conversation William de Colville, the " elder, a man of great sanctity, said, among other " things, to Adam: 'My dear master, enter our Order " ' for the love of the Mother of God, and help our " ' simplicity/ And Adam immediately consented to " do so, as if he had heard the words from the li])s " of the Mother of God. He was at that time the " attendant on Master Adam de Marisco, and master " of his robes ; ' and wisely induced him, by the grace " of God, not long after to enter the Order, Now, it " seemed to Adam de Marisco that, on a certain " night, he and his companion were going to visit a " certain castle ; and outside the gates there was " a crucifix painted ; and whoever wished to enter, " must first kiss the cross. Friar Adam of Oxford " entered first, having kissed the cross, and imme- " diately afterwards the other Friar Adam followed, " doino- the same. But the former, on finding the " staircase, ascended with so much rapidity that he " was soon out of the sight of his companion, who " followed him and cried aloud, ' More slowly, more " ' slowly !' But the other was seen no more. The " meaning of this vision was soon after manifested to " all the brethren in England ; for Friar Adam after " his admission visited Pope Gregory [IX.], and ob- " taining the Pope's assent to preach to the Saracens, " died before his companion, at Barlete. But Adam " de Marisco entered at Worcester, through zeal of Tveads at '< crreater poverty/' Oxford. % ^ n He was the first of the Order who read lectures at Oxford ;- and, if not the founder, was an eminent instrument in the formation of that school, from which proceeded the most celebrated of the Fran- ' Et ad robas. Wore his livery ; I « Eccleston, p. 38. V as in his service. I PREFACE. Ixxxi ciscan Schoolmen, — Richard of Coventry, John Wallis, Thomas Dockyng, Thomas Bungay, associated in popuhir tradition with Roger Bacon, Peccham Archbishop of Canterbury, Richard Middleton, Duns Scotus, Occham, and Burley. According to Wood, Bishop Grostete presided at Adam's commencement as Doctor in Theology, and delivered the oration, enlarging on the abilities and reputation of the candidate. But the best proof of the care and assiduity with which he filled his office, will be found in the great repute of the school over which he presided, and the Em'opean reputation its members conferred on the University of Oxford.' Lyons, Paris, and Cologne were indebted for their first professors to the English Franciscans in Oxford. Repeated applications were made from Ireland, Den- mark, France, and Germany for English Friars ; ^ foreigners were sent to the English school as superior to all others. It enjoyed a reputation throughout the world for adhering the most conscientiously and strictly to the poverty and severity of the Order ; and for the first time since its existence as a University, Oxford rose to a position second not even to Paris itself.^ The three Schoolmen of the most profound and original genius, Roger Bacon, Duns Scotus, and Occham, were trained within its walls. No other nations of Christen- dom can show a succession of names at all comparable to the English Schoolmen in originahty and subtilty, in the breadth and Variety of their attainments. Italy produced its Aquinas, a great organizer, like the ' See numerous instances in Ec- cleston. - See these letters, pp. 93, 354, 365, 379. ^ The attractions of Paris -were very great, but its fame was not owing to native talent. The two Schoolmen who taught first in its University, Alexander ab Hales and Thomas Wallis, were Englishmen; so was its most popular lecturer, Kichard Anglicus or Kichard of Cornwall. Perhaps the opposition the friars incurred in that luiivcr- sity, arose as much from national as professional jealousy. kxxii PKEFACE. Roman himself; its Bona venture, in whom St. Francis reappears in a sliape more learned, if not more spiritual ; Germany its laborious Albertus Magnus ; Spain its Raymond Lully, the representative of Spanish adven- ture and Spanish genius. But no nation can show three Schoolmen like the English, each unrivalled in his way, and each working with equal ability in opposite directions. The influence of the English school was consequently more profound, more brilliant the reputation of its teachers. His various To liis task as lecturer in the Franciscan school at tions^^" Oxford, Adam de Marisco refers on various occasions ; ' not, indeed, with that fulness of detail which would have made his work at once the most welcome and the most valuable record of the early efforts of the Schoolmen, • but still not without throwing many gleams and broken rays of light on a highly curious subject, wliere nothing but darkness and uncertainty prevailed before. At one time he is employed in inter- ceding for the University of Oxford, with its chan- cellor, Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln ; for it had the merit tlicD, as since, of getting into interminable scrapes, — first with its chancellors ; then Avith the Papal legates, whom it treated with small respect ; then with the King himself; then v/ith the buigesses of the town. The residents both in town and uni- versity, numbered by thousands Avhere they now count hundreds, heaved and fermented under the ]:)otent influence of contending dialectics and opposite schools, swayed hither and thither, like a held of waving corn, by the contradictory gusts of adverse dis- putants. The possibility of preserving discipline was consequently dillicult. Like its kindred institutions in Germany, Oxford was the stronghold of popular feeling and popular opinion ; the licence of its students ' pp. 232, 281, 335. .PREFACE. Ixxxhi proportioiiably great ; popular outbreaks proportion- Subject of ably common. Nation consorted with nation within "^ ^"^'^^' its walls, and fierce battles, beginning in jest and ending in earnest, disturbed tlie peace of the Uni- versity and alarmed the authorities of the realm. On these occasions the influence of Adam de Marisco, his reputation as a scholar, his intimacy with Grostcte and the most powerful courtiers of the day, Richard Earl of Cornwall, Simon de Montfort, the King's brothers and uncles, proved of considerable advan- tage to the authorities of the University. At one time he intercedes for the Vice-Chancellor, who had used the University seal (sigiium) to Grostete's dis- pleasure (p. 100); at another, he is engaged in settling the disputes between the bailiffs of the bisliop and those of Richard Eai-l of Cornwall (105). At one time it is the more e^rateful task of thankino- the bishop for his promise of sending (13s.) out of his alms-box for the poor scholars at Oxford (p, 135) ; or refreshing his memory as to tlie necessities of two poor kinsmen of the bishop there, in whose straits and needs the good friar felt great sympathy and compassion (p. 137). Or he urges the concession of a loan of 40^. for Master Simon de Valentine from the University chest (p. 257) ; or the extension of the means of study to his novices (p. 315) ; books and transcribers are required for one (p. 355), parch- ment and vellum for another (p. 391) ; this friar's health is impaired (pp. 320, 328, 404), that friar's re- pentance deserves forgiveness (p. 361). Again, he has to stand up for the rights of his scholars against tlie jealousy of the Convocation at Oxford (pp. 338, 34G), who are by no means inclined to depart from tlie ancient usages of the University in favour of the new students, or allow them to proceed in theology without biding their due time at the established resting-placeo of Arts. Ixxxiv PREFACE. And all this has to be done., not in the uninterrupt-ed leisure of the scholar, but amidst the importunate demands of the world. He is "wanted by the arch- bishop, a "weU-meaning prelate, of little prudence and less learning ; who has a great idea of discipline, and a consequent knack of getting into trouble, with no proportionate knack for getting out of it. He must go with his grace to Rome to plead his cause witli the Pope (pp. 131, 162) ; or be at his side as prompter (p. 327) ; or join him in the visitation of his province (pp. 331r, 342, and 344) ; or help in the Convo- cation (p. 344). Then he has to attend the Parliament (p. 105) ; or preach the Crusade for the Holy Land (p. 475). He is wanted by the Queen (pp. 152, 275, 291, and 310) ; by the Earl and Countess of Leicester at Boulogne ^p. 339) ; by Grostete at Bugden 'p. 386^. Here to give his advice upon disputed points of church discipline, there to find arguments for resisting in-egular preferments. In 1230 he is at Piome with St. Anthony, of Padua, opposing the encroachments and irregularities of the versatile and ambitious minister Elias.^ In 1256 he is nominated on a com- mission by the King and the Pope to settle the disputes between the Bishop and the Prior of Win- chester. He is deputed the .same year by his HoUness, at the desire of the King, to examine the claims of Richard, the Bishop of Chichester, to the title of Sanctity.- The King requires his per- sonal attendance at the court (p. 402), where he has already preached one sermon too many, and fallen into disgrace for his uncourtly sincerity ^p. 275). One minister would be glad of his attendance at Reading ''p. 390) ; St. Bonaventura hopes to see him in France (p. 306). Ireland is holding a chapter — • "Wadding, ii. 240. ] > Wad. iv. 43. I PREFACE. Ixxxv cannot lie be there? In 124'5 he is with Grostete at the Council of Lyons, and is left behind at Paris in charge of a sick brother, who cannot come on. '' It is not safe" (says Grostete in a letter to the provincial minister,) " to let brother Adam stay there ; " for if tney get scent of him, they will detain " him at Paris, CvSpecially now that Alexander ab " Hales and John de E-upellis are dead ; and so both " you and I shall be deprived of our greatest com- " fort " (p. 630). What opportunity can he have for serving the wretched and the vile, what for performing the prime and essential duties of a good friar ? Tliese letters show^ They may be the less entertaining on that account to the general reader ; but they serve to illustrate the character of the writer ; and what, per- haps, is of no less importance, the character of the Order to which he belonged. For this assiduity was not singular ; it was exemplified in others, more celebrated than Adam de Marisco for their scholastic attain- ments ; and it helps us to understand the immense influence enjoyed by the Friars in their better days — when men of the greatest attainments and the high- est reputation in the Universities were doing service as missionaries, labouring among the poor, and testing by the hardest practice the value of the most abstruse speculations or idealism the most refined. Letter Ixxxvii. is written on behalf of a poor simple woman named Alice, who is in a great strait ; letter cxvi. for Philip Pathy, oppressed by the violence and vexation of that scourge of his country, Peter de Esrigge ; letter cxxxiii. for Mylisand, a poor woman of Reading, whom the lawyers in a matrimonial suit have overwhelmed by their quibbles and their quillets ; letters clxxxix., cxciv., cxcvi., for Hugh Cote, sunk in. the slough of despond, who by tlie visitation of a heavenly inspiration now wishes to make reparation for his faults, and is prepared to Ixxxvi PREFACE. restore to their owners three horses of unusual value, and other property gained by forbidden means. Letter ccxxxi. is on behalf of Thomas of Cornwall, who has known better times, and has fallen into poverty ; letter ccxxxii. for Juliana, a widow, for whom the laws of those days provided no adequate security from violence and oppression. Notwithstanding all the interruptions and claims upon his attention, our good Adam finds leisure for the demands of literature. He writes to Grostete for copies of the letters of the King of France and the Bishop of Tusculum " upon the fall of Egypt and " the sad condition of the Holy Land" (pp. 108, 109). On another occasion he is concerned for a MS. of the Ethics of Aristotle, which the bishop has had tran- scribed for his esteemed friend, Friar Hugo de Berionz (p. 111^). Or he sends, for the bishop's inspection, the writings of Abbot Joachim, which a friar coming from abroad had brought with him, that the bishop may determine whether that pious wiiter is correct in anticipating that the Day of Judgment is at hand ; which Iriar Adam thinks is not at all unlikely, con- sidering the execrable wickedness of the times. The bishop is to read the book in his chamber with his secretaries, and when he has taken a copy return it (p. 147.) Or he sends to his ancient friend the Abbot of Vercelli, a disquisition upon The Angelic Saluta- tion, begging in return a copy of his Uxjwsitlon on the Ministry (p. 206.) To William of Notingham, the Provincial Minister at Paris, he transmits a copy of Ptichard St. Victor De Trinitate, to be collated with the original MS. at Paris (p. 359), and requests that the Bible of a deceased friar may be assigned to Thomas Dokkyng (p. 359).' He wishes to have des- ' Dokkyng was one of the early readers to tlie University. See like- wise the letter on a translation of the Bible, nnide by "William of Arundel, p. 204. PREFACE. Ixxxvil patched to the Council at Lyons (A.l). 12i5) the Moral i a of St. Gregory, which he left at Reading, and Rabamis Manrus Be Natura Herum ; " and you may " pack the books neatly," he says, "in a waxed cloth, " taking off the wooden covers " (p. 378). From Warin de Hanwell he requests a copy of a sermon preached by him before the Chapter of London, on the Nativity of the Virgin (p. 408). ^ So much for the subject of some of these letters. iHs style. A few words as to their style. Unlike the writings of John of Salisbury and Peter of Blois, still less of Giralclus Cambrensis, there is an utter absence of all classical allusions and classical quotations, so predominant in the writings of the scholars just mentioned, and by no means uncommon in that age. This is remarkable. Still more when it is remembered that Adam de Marisco was an Oxford scholar of no mean repute before he entered the order, and on the testimony of Roger Bacon, not inclined to flatter his contemporaries, well acquainted with the classical languages. Bacon's statement is confirmed by these letters, involved as they are in construction and disfigm-ed by bad taste. This absence of classical phraseology is attributable to the more intense and exclusive study of theology introduced by the friars ; to their desire, in the first instance, of making all learning subservient to the objects of the missionary and the preacher ; and not less to the poverty enjoined upon them by their founder, to whom learning was positively distasteful, especially when it seemed, as in his days, to separate the professors of it from their ordinary fellow men, among whom St. Francis wished his order ' In letter cexxv., addressed to unfulfilled, of a picture or table his intimate friend and pupil, ( ; his sayings, ib. ; his story of Stephen of Grammont, ib. Sayings of Friar Albert, Adam de Marisco, Friar Haymo, p. 60, Anec- dotes of the spiritual life and humility of the friars, p. CI ; of Eustace de Merk, Robert de Tornham, Step, de Belase, William Coche, ib. ; Conversion of two heretics, p. 62 ; anecdotes of Peter of Tewksbury, ib. of Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln, yt.GS sq.; of his generosity, self-denial, love of the friars, aphorisms, ib. Anecdotes of Friar Mansuetus, p. 66. Anecdotes of Peter of Tewksbury, 68 ; of William of Notingham, 69. ( cvii ) LIST OF THE LETTERS OF ADAM DE MARISCO. Page. I. To Boniface, Arciibishoi' of Canterbury - -11 On Ills advancement to the See of Canterbury. II. To THE SAME -- _-_. -82 Commending the suit of Walter de Cantiloup, Bishop of Worcester. III. To THE SAME - - S3 Promises to attend the meeting of Convoca- tion to be hekl the ensuing Hilary term in London. IV. To THE SAME - -..- - -84 Urges upon him the settlement of the dispute between the bishop and the convent of Win- chester. V. To THE SAME - _ . . - - 85 Requests his intercession with the King for the monks of Osency to be allowed to pro- ceed to the election of an abbot. VI. To Odd, Archbishop of Rouen - - - - 86 Regrets that urgent business prevents their meeting. Commends to his hospitality and prayers the Earl of Leicester. VII. To THE SAME - - - - - - 87 Recommends to his charitable aid Peter dc Pon- tiserra, bound for the Crusade. VIII. To Jacobus Erlandi, Bishop of Roskild - - 87 On the duties of the episcopal office. — lie, Bishop Grostete, and others have been en- deavouring, without effect, to promote a mission of Franciscans to Denmark, as the bishop de- sired. — Hopes for better success when the Pro- vincial Minister returns to England. IX. To Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln - - - - 92 Recommending to him WilUam de Lescheladc. li 2 Cviii SUMMARY. Page. X. To Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln - - - !>u llecommending- to him P. de Kyllam, jircsented by the King to the church of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxford. XI. To THE SAME -93 Recommends to him the petition of N. XII. To THE SAME --94 Will never recommend any one to the bishop, whose character is not unimpeachable. — Begs he will hear what Thomas de Marisco has to say in the business of which he wrote. — The bishop's sister, Jnetta, is slowly recovering. — Has heard that the bishop, after the Parliament, intends to visit the North. XIII. To THE SAME - - - - - - DC) Sees no reason for coming sooner, as the bishop of Worcester will not be with Grostete before Christmas. — Proffers of service whenever re- quired. Exclaims bitterly against the troubles to which the church was exposed. XIV. To THE SAME . _ . - - - - 97 Introduces to him Oliver de Lexinton, a scholar of Oxford, — a candidate for ordination. XV. To THE SAME - - - - - 98 Requests that Lady Eva de 'I'racy may take up her abode in the nunnery of Godstow. XVI. To THE SAME ... - - 99 Has communicated the bishop's wishes to the Masters and Scholars of the University of Ox- ford, who have consented to draw up certain articles without delay. — Intercedes for Ralph de Sempringham, the Vice-Chancellor of the Uni- versity, who has unconsciously offended Gros- tete. — Has received a letter directed to himself and the Vice-Chancellor, with a copy of two papal letters. — Rejoices at the resolution shown by Grostete. XVII. To THE SAME - - - - - - 102 The Queen's good-will to Grostete has opened the way to greater activity in the interests of the church. — Regrets that the intended conference with the bishop of Winchester has been inter- rupted. — Asks for the copies of the letters of SUMMARY. cix Page, the King of France and the Bishop of Tuscu- him. XVIII. To Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln - - 103 Asks that in the cause of the Earl of Leicester's men to be heard before Grostete, the bishop will so moderate his censures that, whilst the rights of the church are preserved inviolable, the Earl may feel that he is indebted to the consideration of the bishop. XIX. To THE S.\ME ------ 10] Requests his good oftices for John de Stokton, canon of Huntingdon. XX. To THE SAME - - - . - . IO4 Will attend the Parliament at London. — If the friars, who have different designs for him, should oppose it, thinks it desirable that application should be made to the Provincial ^linister. XXI. To THE SAME -------- 105 A request in behalf of Symon Fitz-Symon. — He, J. de Crakhale, and Roger, the bishop's senes- chal, met at Oxford, to settle the dispute be- tween the bishop's men and the men of the Earl of Cornwall, the second week in Lent. — Master Symon will give the bishop an account of their proceedings. — Advises the bishop to write a deprecating letter to the Earl to sus- pend further proceedings until after Easter, when both may personally meet and settle the controversy in an amicable manner. — The Earl is a formidable adversary, only to be overcome by submission. XXII. To THE SAME - - . . - 10/ The management of the University of Oxford and the disputes there require great caution. Asks his attention to the nunnery of Godstow. Recommends that the administration of the bishojj's afPairs should be transferred with all due expedition to the successor of John de Crak- hale, as they are suffering detriment. — Suggests to him the propriety of some present for the Princess Margaret, to be married at Christmas to the King of Scotland. — 'I'he Earl and Coun- tess of Leicester want the bishop's advice. ex SUMJMAEY. Page. XXIII. Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln - - - 108 Warns him against a priest of had character presented by the Abbess of Godstow to the vicarage of Blokkesham. — Sends the copy of a letter from the King of France on the defeat of the Crusade. XXIV. To THE SAME - - - = - - 109 Has received a letter from a brother of the Order in France, giving an account of the excesses committed by the Pastoreaux. XXV. To THE SAME 110 Returns him his Essay. — The Earl proposes to in- trust his son Henry to the bishop's care. — The Earl would rather that the settlement of the dispute respecting his men should be determined by the bishop personally. — Has spoken to the writer of the bishop's salutary design for the redemption of souls ; but is apprehensive of the bishop's health. — Adam encourages him to proceed. The Baron de Munchunsy, who has been called before the bishop in the matter of his wife, is wrongfully accused. XXVI. To THE SAME - / - - - - 113 John le Gracius declines the bishop's invitation. Has spoken to an able physician, Reginald de Stokes, whom Adam advises to be taken into the bishop's service. — The MS. of Aristotle's Ethics may be sent to the Gray Friars, London. Peter de Wymbledon, the Queen's physician, will take care of it. — Has written to the arch- bishop's official against the vicar of Blokkes- ham, — Requests his consideration for the nunnery of Belton. — Great disputes in the University of Oxford, in consequence of the incarceration of two of its clerks. — The Queen is resolute in presenting none but suitable clergy- men. XXVII. To THE SAME - - - - - - - 116 The troubles in Oxford quieted. — History of the Vicar of Blokkesham. — Calls his attention to the bad management of the temporalities of the diocese, — Advises him to have a proper inquisition made, — Desires to stay at Oxford the SUMMARY. Cxi Page, ensuing Christmas. The convent has deferred, not denied the Ijishop the company of Vv. W. de Pokehntun. —Sends him a letter of the dis- cussion in the Archbisho})'s consistory. XXVIII. To Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln - - - 11!) Professing his affection for Grostete, but desires to remain in some quiet retreat whilst the bishop is absent in the North. — Hears of the excesses of the Pastoreaux. XXIX. To the same 122 Requests that the niece of Reginald de Bathonia may be admitted into the Nunnery of God- stow. XXX. To the same - 122 Gives hiiil a very long and minute account of the charges brought against De Montfort by the people of Gascony. — The Earl's answer. — The King's intemperate language and behaviour. — The Earl has since then arrived at Boulogne to wait the result. XXXI. To THE SAME 130 Interposition for the nunnery of Belton. XXXII. To THE SAME - ...„-- 131 Earnestly requests the bishop's aid and advice in the business of the archbishop, who is on his journey to Rome to prosecute his cause against the Bishop of London. XXXIII. To THE SAME - 132 Robert de Marisco cannot be at Lincoln this Christmas. — The day of his degree is at hand, if the bishop washes to attend. — J. de S. Egidio wishes to retire on the plea of ill health from the prebend of Lecton (Leighton). XXXIV. To THE SAME - - - - " - - 134 Requests that the messenger to be sent into Gas- cony to De Montfort may call for his letters. — Mentions the names of persons fitted for the prebend. — Wishes to know his pleasure respec- ting the reception of Robert de Marisco.— Com- mends John de Schersted. — The poor scholars of Oxford have not received the 13s. intended for them. XXXV. To THE SAME - ..---- 13() If the bishop desires to consult friar Adam do Hekeshovre (q. Bekeshoure?) on the state of Cxii SUMMARY. Page. his health, it will be advisable to send to the Provincial Minister, who is going in a few days to Coventry.-— Calls to his notice the necessities of two of the Bishop's jioor kinsmen, scholars in Oxford. XXXVI. To Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln - - - 1.38 The Prior of Newham will not oppose the bishop. — Rejoices that Grostete has expressed a determi- nation to resist al! improper presentations. XXXVII. To THE SAME 140 Moralizes on a great feast lately held at London. XXXVIII. To THE SAME 141 Is very anxious to have some conversation with the Bishop on the dangerous state of the Church. — Has spoken with the King and his councillors as they passed through Oxford. — Has heard from the former that certain unfounded com- plaints are rife, not unknown to the bishop. — The King has bad advisers. XXXIX. To THE SAME - .--.-. 143 Advises the Bishop to moderate his studies as destructive to his health. — Apologizes for hia importunity. XL. To THE SAME - -*..--. 143 The difficulty of finding fit clergymen to present to livings. XLI. To THE SAME 144 Thinks it prudent not to interfere at present in the afPair of N . Would greatly regret if he * should now be involved in any interminable dis- pute in his later years, and his new calling of a friar, after having experienced the bishop's goodness to him from his youth. XLII. To THE SAME 146 That our Lord's remark of the shepherd Hying when the wolf cometh, does not apply to such a retreat as he advises the bishop. — Warns him that many look with regret on the dispute be- tween him and his clergy. XLIII. To THE SAME - 146 Sends him the expositions of Abbot Joachim, brought by a certain MstV- — Desires his opinion about them. SUMMARY. CXIU Page. XLIV. To Grostetk, Bishop of Lincoln - - - 1-17 In behalf of William de Leschelade. XLV, To THE SAME - - - - - - 148 The prior of [Neuhain?] will com})ly with the bishop's request. — Urges the bishop to appoint, and set all objections at defiance. XLVI. To THE SAME 1 ID Anora de Baskerville is imfit for the rule of the priory to which she has been appointed. XLVII. To THE SAME - - - - - - 150 Requests his interest with the Abbot of Thornton that John, the chambei-lain of the late Bisho]) of Durham, may be admitted to probation in that house. — The Bishoj) of St. David's beg- ged the \vriter's attendance at his consecration. XLVIII. To THE SAME 151 Gives an account of a great erujition in the island of Guernsey. — At the request of the Queen, he has gone from Oxford to Reading, to treat of matters affecting the King and his heirs.— The Earl of Leicester and Peter of Savoy were at Windsor. — His wish for Master Reginald Stokes, the physician, and others, will be complied with. XLIX. To THE SAME ....-.- 15;{ Regrets to hear that Grostete despairs of amend- ment. — Meets the complaint of the bishop that no one stood by him. — Is grateful for the honour intended him by the Bishop. — AVept ashe stood on the shore of Dover, earnestly desiring that he might, in filial devotion to the bishop, obey his directions in works of piety ; but this could not be done without leave from the Pope or the General Minister. — Advises Grostete, if he stays longer abroad, to write conciliatory letters to the King, the Queen, and Richard, Earl of Cornwall. — Had expected his messenger from Genoa, &c. — Intending to accompany the arch- bishop to Rome, he had been recalled. L. To THE SAME - - - - - - 157 Is delighted at the prospect of Grostete's speedy return. LI. To THE .SAME «- 159 That he and Robert de Marisco will find it very Cxiv SUMMARY. Page, inconvenient to visit the bislioj) at Christmas. He will, however, comply, if the bishop desires it. LII. To Grostete, Bishoi» of Lincoln . - - - IGO Complains of his many occupations — answers cer- tain observations in the Bishop's last letter. LIII. To THE SAME 1(51 Recites the proceedings of the Archbishop of Canterbury against the Bishop of London. — Has better hopes of improvement in the state of England. — Wishes that the children of the Earl of Leicester might return at once to Gi'ostete. LIV. To THE SAME ..---.-- 1G4 Wishes to have the bishop's direction for the cele- bration of certain masses for his late sister, Juetta. LV. To THE SAME 164 Requests the bishop's intercession for a mm named Carru. LVL To THE SAME 165 Recommends Adam de Bokefeld to the living of Euere. LVII. To THE SAME -------- 166 Of the excommunication of the Bishop of London by the Archbishop of Canterbury. LVIII. To THE SAME 16/ Requests his interference in reconciling a quarrel. LIX. To THE SAME - - - 16S Of the caution required in jiromoting to benefices. LX. To THE SAME 169 Introducing Master Yincentius, a friend to Ado- mar, the King's brother, who desires the bishop's acquaintance. LXI. To THE SAME - --170 Has m.ade the bishop's apology to the Countess of Leicester for detaining her ladyship's man, on the death of his cook. — The countess re- plied that she would gladly let the bishop have the best and most necessary of her servants if the bishop liked. — The bishop's letter aifordcd him matter for laughter and sorrow. LXII. To THE SAME - -- 1/1 For the Ilector of Tingehurst. SUMMARY. CXV Pase. LXIII. To Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln - - . 171 For Hugh (le Mandcvillc. LXIV. To THE SAME 172 On liis return from the Bishop, found John, Arch- deacon of Oxford, suddenly taken ill and unable to perform his duties. — Begs the bishop to re- lieve him ft'om all ministerial occupations and responsibility, that he may ju-epare for death. LXV. To THE SAME 173 Presents a petition for two knights. LXVI. To THE SAME 1/3 In behalf of Peter de Stanford, Master of the Hospital of Lutterworth, who had been pre- sented to the living of Soleby by Geoffrey, Lord de Spencer. LXVH. To THE SAME - - - - - - -17-1 William de Grimele, an Oxford Scholar, desires the Mastership of the Schools at Lincoln if they are vacant. — Begs the bishop will intercede ■n^th the Chancellor of Lincoln for that purpose. LXVHL To THE SAME - - - - • - - - 175 Adomar, the King's brother, desires a conference with Grostete as to the state of his soul. — Wishes the writer to go with him, who fears that he shall be otherwise detained. LXIX. To THE SAME - - - - - - -17G For Heniy de Thorney, a scholar, and his pupil, Richai'd de Patesille, who desu*e the bishop's aid. LXX. To THE SAME - l/G In behalf of the Nunnery of Belton. LXXI. To Walter de Cantiloup, Bishop of Wor- cester - - - - - -177 In behalf of a Cistercian Monk, who had thrown off his habit during his novitiate, and now re- pented. LXXII. To the same - - ■> - - - -17^ Is rejoiced to learn that the King is more favou- rably disposed to the Earl of Leicester. LXXIII. To Richard de Wich, Bishop of Chichester 179 Will submit his request to the Minister General, and obey his commands. CXvi SUMMARY. Page. LXXIV. To Walter de Cantiloup, Bishop of AVor- CESTER .._... 179 Regrets that he cannot visit him at present. — Hopes that he will not be obliged to attend Parlia- ment. LXXV. To Fulco Bassett, Bishop of London - 181 In conjunction with others, expresses his regret that having been requested by the Lord Richard de RupcUa to nominate a fit jierson to the Church of Wikenden, they had recommended Galfridus Grossus. They recal their nomination, pro- mising to present another. LXXVL To R. [Richard of Gravesexd], Dean of Lin- 185 COLN -----.* In reply to his inquiries about the Bishop of Lin- coln's writings. — Of the dispute respecting the prebend of Thame. — John ^lansell has re- signed all claim. — Warns him against the im- propriety of taking the living himself.— Recommends Oliver Lexinton. LXXVII. To W. Lupus, Archdeacon of Lincoln - 190 On the duties of his new preferment. LXXVUI. To THE Archdeacon of Oxford - - 194 In behalf of Gilbert Ekeldun and his colleagues. LXXIX. To Giles le Rous, Archdeacon of North- ampton - - - - - 195 Returns him a sum of money untouched, which the archdeacon had generously sent him, and thrown into his cell. LXXX. To Solomon, Archdeacon of Leicester - 197 Requesting his good offices for the nunnery of Belton. LXXXI. To Robert de Marisco, Archdeacon of Ox- ford ----- I'jS On the same subject. LXXXII. To the same 198 Urges him to caution in recommending clergy- men, and to appoint a day and place for their meeting. LXXXIII. To THE same - - - - - 1.99 A letter of advice and encouragement. LXXXI V. To THE SAME - - - - 202 In favour of Robert de GeringeSi SUMMARY. CXvii Page. LXXXV. To Hugh, Archdeacon of Essex - - 2(Xi That the Uxst will of W. de Cerde had maliciously- been ])revented from taking effect. Requests him to see justice done in this behalf. LXXXVI. To John of Basingstoke. Archdeacon of Leicester - - . - . 204 That the translation of the Bible made by Wil- liam of Arundel, Archdeacon of Huntingdon, was not left to the friars minors, but to the monks of Wylmundele. LXXXVn. To Matthew de Stratton, Archdeacon of Buckingham - . . . 205 In behalf of a poor woman named Alice. LXXXVni. To the AnnoT of St. Andrew's, Vercelli - 206 Congratulates him on his prosperity. — Sends him an exposition of the Angelic Salutation — Asks for the abbot's wi-itings in return. — Warns him of the responsibility he incurs by not re- siding in his parish in England. LXXXIX. To H., Abbot of Wautham - - - 208 In behalf of a scholar at Paris, who desires to be received into his monastery. XC. To R., Abbot of Dorchester - - - 209 Urges him to reconciliation with the Abbess of Godstow. XCI. To H., Abbot of Wautham ... 210 Praises his accessibility. XCII. To N. [Nicholas Sandwich], Prior of Can- terbury - - - - - 211 Regrets much to learn, after the accommodation agreed vipon between the chapter and the bishop of Lincoln, the prior still delays to bring the matter to a terminationj and relies on certain legal objections. XCIII. To W., Prior of Newham - - - 220 In behalf of his canon, Walter, who liad been unjustly scandalized. XCIV. To the Treasurer of St. Swithyn's, Win- chester - - . _ . 220 In behalf of some person unnamed. XCV. To Eustace de Len, the Archbishop'.s Official ----- 221 In behalf of John Attchirche. cxviii sm-IMARY. Page. XCVI. To John de Crakhale - - - - 222 Requesting him, if he has any trouble on his conscience, to visit the Papal Nuncio before he leaves England, and obtain absolution. XCVII, To G. DE Canz - - - , - 223 For his relative, Thomas de Marisco, the bearer of a letter. XCVIII. To Richard de Gravesend - - - 224 Congratulates him on receiving a papal dispensa- tion. — Recommends him to consult the bishop of Lincoln. XCIX. To Ralph of Canterbury - - - 225 Begs him to visit the Earl of Leicester, who de- sires his company. C. To Peter de Kyllum ... . - 226 On his promotion to the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxford. CL To John de Crakhale ... - 229 A letter of congratulation on his return. Cn. To W. DE POKELINGTON - - - - 229 A letter of consolation and advice, CIIL To Master S. Gien 232 By command of his superiors, he has resumed his task of lecturing at Oxford. — Has Avrittcn to his former pupil, Bartholomew, to pay the debt due to his correspondent. CIV. To John de Offinton ... - 233 A letter of exhortation. CV. To the same 23G In continuation of the same. — In reference to the subject contained in the letter sent by Roger de Langeford, begs he will wait for the answer of the University until Whitsuntide. CVI. To THE SAME - - - - - 238 The answer of the University on the subject men- tioned in the previous letter. CVII. To Jer. de Chauste - - - - 239 In behalf of Juliana de Horningdune, his re- lative. CVIII. To Robert de Esthale - - - - 239 For a nun named Karru. CIX. To Roger de Fuldune - - - - - 240 For a priest named Adam, SUMMARY. CXIX Page. ex. To W. DE Bradelk 240 For one Walter, a goklsmitli of the town of Ox- ford. CXI. To J. DE Crakhale ----- 241 On the duties of his calling. — The expense of the chapter of the friars at Gloucester, which Grostete has promised to pay, amount to 23s. CXII. To J. Maxsel, Provost of Beverley - - 242 In behalf of his relative, Thomas de Marisco. CXIII. To Jer. de Cauxtune .... 243 For the same. CXIV. To Reginald de Bathonia - - - 243 Advises him to compound his quarrel with Robert de Northam, before the judges proceed to pass sentence of excommunication upon him. CXV. To Th. de Anesti - - - - - 244 Requests his charity for W. de Standun, whom he had helped in his stiidies from his tender years, and who is now in great distress from poverty. CXVI. To Robert de Esthale - - - - 246 For Philip Pathy oppressed by Peter de Esrigge, the scourge of the whole country. — The Earl of Cornwall ought to apply some remedy to the cruelties of the wretch. CXVII. To Eustace de Len _ . - . 24/ Begs his interference for a speedy execution of the will of Robert de Abendune, formerly rector of Risbei'ga. CXVIII. To Ralph de Simplingham - - - 248 Fears a renewal of the disturbances in the University of Oxford ; — has written to the Dean of Oxford to suspend the execution of order entrusted him. CXIX. To Robert de Esthale - - - 249 For John of London. CXX. To J. DE Stokes - - - - 250 Recommends him not to send his rej)ly to Simon de Valentia. CXXI. To Bartholomew, Rector of Raddewelle - 251 Requests him to satisfy a debt of 40s. due to S. Gyen, his former instructor. CXX SUMMARY. Page. CXXII. To John de Crakhale 252 That William, his relative, steward of Bugden, may be discharged from his duties, on the score of ill-health. CXXIII. To THE SAME 253 For John, overseer of Bugden. CXXIV. To THE SAME 253 For Roger Cuchur. CXXV. To Peter de Stanford, Warden of the Hos- pital OF Lutterworth . - - - 254 On his appointment to the living of Soleby. CXXVI. To Ado, the King's Brother _ . . 254 In behalf of the bishop of Anio, nominated by the Pope to the See of St. Asaph. CXXVII. ToW. de Hemingeberga - - - 255 To give lodging to the courier of the Abbot of Canterbury, going to the Provincial Minister. CXXVIII. To H. OF Anjou ------ 256 Requesting to know whom he would like to ap- point tutor to his nephew in the place of John Pescham, who has entered the Franciscan Order. CXXIX. To Robert de St. Agatha - - - 256 In behalf of Simon de Yalentinis, who wishes to borrow 401. under due caution from the Uni- versity chest — out of the funds left by the charity of William of Durham CXXX. To the same 257 In behalf of Walter Gyffard. CXXXI. To John Mansell, Provost of Beverley - 258 Asks his favour for Peter de Kyllum, appointed to St. Mary's — who is going to attend the King. CXXXII. To John de Crakhale 259 For one Warnerius, vintner of the town of Ox- ford. CXXXIII. To Hugh de Mortimer, the Archbishop's Official ..--.- 260 For Mylisand, a poor woman of Reading, oppressed in a matrimonial suit. CXXXIV. To Simon de Waletun 2G0 For the bearer. SUMMARY. CXXi CXXXV. To Simon DE MoNTFORT, Earl OF Leicester - l*Gl Trusts that God will rescue him from all liis perils, if he keeps in due order his family and followers. — Feels anxious that he has never heard from the Earl, of his success, since his last letter. CXXXVI. TOTHE SAME 262 The countess expected to be confined the !)fh October last; — remonstrates with the Earl for having carried off with him into Gascony the parish priest of Hodiham ; — thinks his reason for so doing frivolous ;— begs he may be sent back. CXXXVII. ToTiiESAME 2G4 Praises the Earl for his zeal and services to the church ; — admonishes him that better is he who conquers himself than he who conquers a city. CXXXVIII. To THE SAME - 264 Is suprised at the Earl's return, although aware that urgent causes require it. — Although uni- form experience assures him that circumspect counsel will not be had on those matters of which the Earl wi'ote to him, much as they require it, yet God, in whose hand are the hearts of kings, will determine all things for the best. CXXXIX. To THE SAME 2G5 On the same subject ; — ^justifies the favourable ex- pressions of his letter. CXL. To THE SAME -------- 2G6 Warns him that falsehood in friends is to be expected — that dangers are best borne when anticipated. Exhorts him to study the book of Job, with the sermons of St. Gregory. — Has spoken with the King, who acquiesces to the Earl's advice. — The Queen is equally well dis- posed to him. CXLI. To THE SAME 269 Hopes that the Earl's unexpected success will make him the more thankful to God, who is the author of it. — The bishop of Lincoln has written to him fully. — Hopes that aid will be given him from the Pope. i CXXll SUIVIMARY. Page. CXLII. To Simon de Montfort - - . - 270 Requesting a present of venison for the Dean of Lincoln at his installation feast. CXLIII. To THE SAME 2/0 Feels great anxiety at the delay and uncertainty in the Earl's business. — Trusts that he -will suc- ceed ; but if he falls, it is glorious to fall in a good cause. — Warns him to be cautious with his tongue. — Has incurred the King's displea- sure for a sermon he preached, and is forbidden the Court. — Sends him an account of the de- feat of the Crusaders. CXLIV. To THE SAME ---...- 276 Regrets that he cannot speak personally with the Earl and Countess. — A letter Avill not express what he wishes to tell them ; and he forbears to write lest he should be betrayed. — Thanks him for his news from the Holy Land. CXLV. To THE SAME - . - - - 278 Of the battle of Mansourah ; — his great grief on that occasion, CXLVL To THE SAME - - . - - 280 Of the true motives and ends of victory. — The King, the archbishop, and the nobility better inclined to the Earl. — As Gregory de Bosell must supply his place with the archbishop, whilst Ad. de Marisco piirsues his lectures in Oxford, the former cannot visit the Earl at present. CXLVIL To Peter of Savoy 282 Regrets to hear that the Earl of Cornwall had advised a long delay in a matter of such urgency. — Ad\dce as to his conduct. CXLVIIL To Geoffrey, Lord de Spencer . - - 284 Recommends Peter de Stanford. CXLIX. To John de Lexinton, the King's Justi- ciary -- 285 In behalf of Thomas de Marisco. CL. To William, Lord de Beauchamp ... 286 For S. Druel, a knight in his service. CLL To the Prioress of Godstow .... 286 Requesting her to discharge a debt due to William of Cirencester. — Exhorts her to strictness in ruling her nuns. SUMMARY. CXxiii Page. CLII. To Elinor, Queen of England - - 288 That he will use his endeavours to obtain licence from the superiors that the persons mentioned by Walter de Bradele may be permitted to leave England. CLIII. To THE SAME 289 Begs her intervention with Robert de Manneby, prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jeru- salem, that William de Hampton may be ad- mitted into that fraternity. CLIV. To THE SAME - - - - - 290 Expressing his \villingness to obey her commands, now a second time conveyed to him. CLV. To THE SAME - - - - - 291 Regrets that from unavoidable difficulties he cannot attend upon her ; — was with the Earl of Cornwall, the fii'st Sunday in Advent, whose displeasure is somewhat mitigated. CLVI. To Senchia, Countess of Cornwall - - 292 Thanks her for her kind inquiries. — Is at present \vith the friars in Oxford. — W. Batale is staying at the convent of Northampton. CLVn. To Elinor, Countess of Leicester - - 292 That Gregorius de Bosell, although he has re- ceived licence from his superiors to go into Gascony, cannot attend her at present, being engaged with the archbishop. — Wishes to hear from her of the state of the Earl. CLVHI. To the same 293 Congratulating her on the birth of her child. CLIX. To THE SAME 294 That a wife is bound to render assistance to the husband ; — that an angry woman grossly neg- lects her duties. — Warns her against excess of apparel. — Begs pardon for his freedom of speech, as he knows not that he sliaU live long enough to see her again. CLX. To THE SAME - - - - - 296 On the difficulty of finding a suitable priest for her service ;— thinks that her return to England ought to be managed with the greatest cir- cumspection. 1 2 Cxxiv SUMMARY. Page. CLXI. To Elinor, Countes.s of Leicester - - 2f>7 That she has great reason to rejoice if the Earl has undertaken the difficult task of preserving Gascony for the King. — If ft-om any cause he fails, it is her duty, laying all contention aside, to direct him in the spirit of moderation to more cautious counsels. — John de la Haye will inform her of the state of things in general. CLXII. To the same - - - - - 299 Has heard indecorous reports of her some time past. — Admonishes her to reform her ways towards her husband, her children, and her household. — He will labour for her interest and her honour. CLXni. To the same - - - - - 299 Is grateful for her careful letters. — Notwithstand- ing the diffidence of his friends. Providence will give victory to the cause of the Earl. CLXIV. To the same - - - - - 300 Is thankful for her concern about him. — God's goodness to her, a call to gratitude. CLXV. To Lady Ida de Beauchamp - - 301 In behalf of a knight in her service, named S. Druer. CLXVL To John of Parma, Minister General - 302 On friendship. — Begs the return of WilUam of Notingham, who has by unanimous consent been chosen provincial minister. CLXVII. To the same - - - - 304 Begs that friar N. may be sent to friar W., who is languishing from a fit of illness. CLXVIII, To BoNAVENTURE, MINISTER General - 304 Thanks him for the letters he has received. — Sick- ness weighs heavily upon him, to the destruction of his present life. — Requests, therefore, that the provincial minister, friar John, may return at once into England, by whom he may be guided in every event. CLXIX. To the same - - - - - 30(5 Grieved that he cannot visit him — but God's will must be done. — Thanks him for having sent the provincial minister so speedily into England. — Is anxious to call his attention to a letter which he sent Bonaventure shortly after he became general. SUM3IARY. CXXV Page. CLXX. To \Y. OF NoTiNGiiAM, Provincial Minister - o07 AVhilst he and Gregory Bosell were starting for Rome in companj^ with the archbishop, partly from the interference of the Queen, partly from papal mandate, and other objections, it was re- solved that he should remain at home whilst they j)roceeded on their journey. — Urges a favor for AV. de Madele. — Sends him a letter he had received from Gi'ostete at the court of Rome. CLXXI. To THE SAME - - - - 309 Is of opinion that the Minister ought to comply with the King's wishes, setting all objections aside. — Before he leaves England, he ought to provide for the preaching of the Crusade — and take leave of the King and Queen, recommend- ing his Order to their patronage. CLXXIl. To THE SAME - _ _ . 310 The Queen has sent the writer a very earnest and affectionate letter, requesting his presence. — The Countess of Leicester and a nobleman have also pi'eferi-ed the same request. — He will find it very troublesome to comply. — Wishes the Minis- ter's advice. Commends his zeal in reforming the Order. CLXXIII. To THE SAME - - - - - 312 Expresses his deep regret that whilst Grostete was proceeding on his journey to Rome he (the writer) was detained in England by the impor- tunities of the King, Queen, and the Archbishop. — The business of the last has caused him great annoyance, fi'om which he sees no escape, unless the Minister obtain for him an injunction from the Pope. — Robert de Thornham has devoted himself to a mission to the Saracens. — Bespeaks his favour for Peter, the Minister of Cologne. CLXXIV. To THE SAME 314 In commendation of A. de Hereford, whom he • desires shall continue at his studies ; — that Lawrence de Sutton may act as secretary in his place, CLXXV. To THE SAME 316 Requesting that a friar named N. Anilyeres may follow his studies for a year or so at Oxford, Cambridge, or London. CXXVl SUMMARY. Page. CLXXVI. To W. OF NOTINGHAM - - ■• - 317 For a friar named John of Beverley. CLXXVII. To THE SAME - - - _ . 318 Begs to be excused, on the score of ill health, trouble of mind, and the urgency of employ- ment from meeting him at Bedford. — Peter of Tevvksbury knows his sentiments, and is alto- gether as competent to give advice. CLXXVIII. To THE SAME - - - - 319 Eustace de Normanville has declined accepting an invitation to become reader to the friars of Norwich. — Encloses papers relating to the province of Ireland and the mission there of Andrew de Lexinton. — Desires his consideration for A. de Bechesoueres and R. de Waltham; — wishes the former, who is skilful in physic, to be sent to Oxford. — Asks him to recommend P. of London to the friars there. CLXXIX. To Robert de Thornham - - - 321 That Eustace de Normanville cannot comply Avith the request made to him. CLXXX. To William of Notingham, Provincial Mi- nister _ - - . 322 Of the mystical interpretation of numbers in the Old Testament. — Tlie dispute has been arranged between the archbishop and the chapter of Lincoln ; — intends, at the earnest request of his grace, to spend Christmas with him in Kent. CLXXXL To the same - - - - - 326 In reply to his letter stating that he had refused to stay at Bugden, notwithstanding the en- treaties of the bishop, the desire of the brethren, but had hastened ofF to Cambridge in the horrors of a winter season. CLXXXII. To the same - - - - 327 Giving an account of his proceedings with the archbishop during his late visitation. — Had re- turned to Bugden, August 1st, leaving two other friars to supply his place : one of whom the archbishop wishes to detain with him during the rest of his visitation until Michaelmas day. — The writer thinks that the archbishop's wish should be complied with, considering his zeal in reforming the church. SUMMARY. CXXVH Page, CLXXXIII. To W. OF NOTINGHAM 329 In behalf of the bearer, who wishes admission into the Order. CLXXXIV. To THE SAME 330 Richard of Cornwall will proceed to London to have his advice on the mandate received by him from the Minister General. — A certain brother wishes to make a confession touch- ing certain proceedings in which the Covxn- tess of Oxford is concerned. CLXXXV. To THE SAME ----- . - 332 Seconding a request from the Queen of Eng- land that friar W. de Batale may attend her Majesty for the good of her soul. CLXXXVI. TOTHE SAME 333 Bespeaks his indulgence for friar R. dictus Monachus, now returning to him. — At the receipt of his last letter did not know where he and other friara were to be found. CLXXXVII. To THE SAME 334 In behalf of a sick brother, John de Dingtone. CLXXXVII I. To THE SAME 334 States the arguments which he had used to the archbishop for declining to render that constant assistance which his grace required of him. — The archbishop had induced the Queen to interfere that he might obtain his wish. — The Earl of Leicester, by letter, and the Countess personally, had solicited Adam to go to Boulogne to confer with the former. The dispute is settled between the archbishop of Canterbuiy and the bishop of Winchester. — Proceedings at Oxford on the occasion of Thomas of York becoming Regent in Divinity. — Regrets not having received permission to leave England. — Has written to the archbishop and the Countess of Leicester. CLXXXIX. TOTHESAME 340 In behalf of Hugh Cote, a penitent thief. CXXVlll SUMMARY. Page . CXC. To W. OF NOTJNGHAM 342 Received his last at London. — Had since re- turned to Oxford, much interrupted by papal appointments to try cases and by applica- tions from the Queen and the archbishop ; — requests aid for Robert de Thornham. — Is not sure that he will be able to resume his lectures before Christmas. CXCI. To John [Stamford?] - 343 The archbishop has overwhelmed him with re- jrret by insisting on his attendance at an assembly of prelates to be hekr in January, for appeasing the dissensions of the king- dom. — Had earnestly besought his aid in his forthcoming visitation. — Asks his advice what he ought to do ; — fears, that if he com- plies, there will be an end of all quiet study for the future. CXCII. To W. OF NOTINGHAM, PROVINCIAL MINIS- TER -._---.- 34G A full account of the the discussions in the University of Oxford, on occasion of Thomas of York becoming Regent in Theology. — Re- quests that 'I'homas Bachun of Notingham may be appointed secretary to Richard of Cornwall. CXCni. To THE SAME - - - - ' - - - 350 For Thomas de AVyke, a priest, who desires to become a Minorite. CXCIV. To THE SAME - - - - - - - 351 For Hugh Cote. CXCV. To THE SAME -------- 351 For a friar, Robert de Koucle, Mho had apo- statized. CXCVI. To J., Warden of Worcester - - - - 352 For Hugh Cote. CXCVn. To W. OF Notingham, Provincial Minis- ter --- 353 That Walter de Madcle had not procured from the Minister General any authority to be sent from England to another province. — He is willing to enter on the task of interpreting the Scriptures or any other the Minister SUMMARY. CXxix Page, requires him. — Adam thinks that it will l)c best that other friars he sent to Paris, as the Minister General demands, and Weston and Madele remain in England. — Begs that the latter may have pro])er heljis, as other readers have. CXCVIII. To W. OF NOTINGHAM 355 Gives his advice on the election of ministers and vicars for tlie Order. — Suggests that Thomas of York, for his many excellent qua- lities, may be a])pointed reader at Oxford ; — that the friars to whom Hugo Leukenor has been appointed reader, should provide for him. — Requests that Tliomas of Mayden- stan, a sick brother, may stay at Oxfoi'd ; that J. of Stanford may visit a friar who is enjoined a heavy penance and impart to him Gomc consolation. CXCIX. To THE SAME 353 Begs a favourable hearing for Richard of Cornwall. — Sends him a MS. of Richard St. Victor De Trinitate, to be corrected at Paris ; — begs to have it sent back as soon as collated. CC. To THE SAME 359 Begs that the Bible belonging to the late P. of Worcester may be given to another friar, Tho- mas Dokkyng ; he has friends who will more than pay for the value of the book. Refers to the wishes and destinations of several fi-iars. CCI. To THE SAME 361 Requesting mercy for A. de Brangford, an apo- state friar. ecu. To THE SAME - 361 Deplores the relaxation of discipline and the secular employments of the Order. CCIII. To THE SAME _ . - - ... 3(^3 Requesting his consideration for Hugo de Lyn- dun, and that G. de S. Edmund may be restored to the convent at Oxford. CCIV. To THE SAME 3W On the same subject. CXXX SUMMARY. Page. CCV. To W. OF NOTINGHAM 365 Earnestly lio})ing tliat Richard of Cornwall may be prevailed on to stay in England ; but if his determination be inexorable, that the Minister will provide that he is furnished with MSS. and all things necessary for his departure. CCVI. To THE SAME -------- 366 Sends a letter he has received from the Minis- ter General ; — protests that obedience to its de- mands would be worse than exile to one of such little strength, weakness of sight, advanced age, and perilous health, as himself. — Thinks that he can \vrite his advice upon the articles in question, if that be required, quite as effectually as give it in person. CCVII. To THE SAME -------- 3G8 In great pain and helplessness. — Wishes for a dispensation as to standing or riding for Gregory de Bosell, who is at present residing with the archbishop. CCVIII. To THE SAME - - 369 That Andrew of Lexinton may stay in Ireland and hold a provincial chapter there. CCIX. To THE SAME --- 3'J\ Requesting that H. de Syreford, a friar, may be allowed to assist the bishop of Salisbury at the earnest entreaty of the latter. CCX. To THE SAME 373 Congratulating him on his unanimous elec- tion as Provincial Minister, and earnestly en- treating him to accept the proffered honovir. — Has received his letter from Lyons. CCXI. To THE SAME 3/4 Requesting his merciful consideration for the bearer, an apostate friar. CCXII. To THE SAME d-- 3/5 Excusing himself for not writing more fre- quently. SUMMARY. CXXXl Page. CCXIII. To \V. OF NOTINGHAM - - - - 3/6 I'hat the bishop of Lincoln entered Lyons during Epij^hany in excellent health and was honour- ably received by the Pope and the Cardi- nals. — The Pope has promised him favour, but the event is uncertain. — A general council will be held on the 24th of June, at which the bishop intends to be present. — There is some talk of sending a mission of the friars minor to the Holy Land and to Tartary ; — certain English friars are named for that purpose. — Adam, the writer, and friar John have been well received. — Expect that the friars will be hardly treated by the bishops at the forthcoming council ; — they are not in favour at Court. — Conjectures that certain friars will be invited to attend. — Begs him to send the Moralia of St. Gregory, Rabanus Maurus, and the First Prophecies [of Ab. Joachim ?] — Desires his remembrance to certain friars at home. CCXIV. To [Gregory de Neapoli], Provincial Minister of France 378 Requests that N. de Anivers, a young friar, may be permitted to stay in England to study theology ; — there are not the same aids for study elsewhere as in England. CCXV. To G., Provincial Minister of France - - 380 Requesting a longer stay for the same friar in England. CCXVL«. To S., Minister of the Trinitarian Friars AT Paris 381 Requests his good offices with Blanche, Queen of France, to ])romote a reconciliation Ije- tween the Earl of Thoulouse and the Earl of Leicester; — the Queen had promised the writer her efforts in this behalf ; — but he felt reluctant to press himself on her Majesty's attention . CXXXii SUMMARY. Page. CCXYl.b. An Imperfect Report of a Speech, appa- rently DELIVERED BEFORE THE PoPE AND THE Cardinals _ _ - - - .'382 [Is this a report by Adam de Marisco of a speech delivered by Grostete, in the council at Lyons, against " Apostolical Provisions," as they were termed?] CCXVII. To John, the Papal Nuncio - - - 385 In behalf of Henry de Bathonia. CCXVIII. To THE same 3S5 Requesting his aid and direction for the proctor of the abbot and convent of Oseney going to Rome. CCXIX. To THE SAME - - .... 386 Is prevented from visiting him ; — begs him to be at the bishop of Lincoln's on the 15th August, to deliberate on business of im- portance, where the writer will meet him. CCXX. To Friar John de Stanford, Warden or Ox- ford - - - .... 387 On the day he had received his letters, an order had reached him from the minister, com- manding his attendance at Reading, thence to London, if need be, on urgent business affecting the nation. — The order had been sent at the desire of their Majesties. — Begs he will hasten [to Oxford ?] CCXXI. To THE SAME 383 That Ralph de Multon, a poor scholar, may be allowed to \asit friar A. de Bechesoueres for the completion of his cure. Has spoken to the bishop of Norwich, just returned from his pilgrimage. Begs him to hasten his return. CCXXII. To THE SAME - - - - 389 Pi'oposes to follow his advice and retire to Read- ing for the benefit of quiet. — Will stay there so long as he finds it of service. CCXXIII. To Friar R,, Warden of Cambridge - 390 Thanks him for his consideration for the students of Oxford and himself.— Begs that he will let them have, as soon after Easter as is con- venient, a quantity of vellum, so far as he can oblige them without troubling his friars. — Com- mends to their special devotion the soul of J. de Bannebyi'ia, dear to him from a child. SUMMARY. cxxxiii Page. CCXXIV. To Friar J., Warden of Hereford - - ^^91 Will excuse his presence among them, de- lighted as they would otherwise be, considering his many engagements. — They frequently hear of the learning, devotion, and ministerial suc- cess of Walter de Raveningham. CCXXV. To Friar Thomas of York - - - 392 Expostulates with him in jest for not keeping a promise so often made of sending the writer a picture of the Trinity (tabula Trinitatis). — Friar John, the Papal Nuncio, has just pro- cured for them a new privilege from the Holy See. CCXXVI. To THE SAME - - - - - 393 A most pressing request to him to befriend Wil- liam, a priest, the bearer of this letter, against the cruelty of the satellites of satan. — Had been presented to the Queen for a living, and on her presentation received institution from the Bishop of Ely ;— reminds him of his successful efforts on previous occasions. — The King is furious at the late presentation ;— the Queen and the Countess of Leicester have employed all efforts, in A'ain, to pacify him. — The cause of the Earl, notwithstanding his numerous perils, is likely to prosper. CCXXVn. To THE SAME 394 Commends him for resisting improper presenta- tions. — Earnestly hopes the Earl of Leicester will succeed. — Expects to meet him at Easter. — Urges upon him the necessity of giving good advice to the earl. — Friar Lawrence sends him the book he had asked for. CCXXVHL To Friar William Bellun - - 39G For Thomas, the bearer. CCXXIX. To THE SAME - - - - * - 396 For Edmund, the bearer. CCXXX. To THE SAME - - - - - 397 For R. de Hukelby. CCXXXL To THE SAME - - - - -397 For Thomas of Cornwall, fallen into gieat distreps. CXXXIV SUMMARY. Page, CCXXXII. To Friar William Bellun - - 398 For Juliana, a widow, oppressed by her enemies. CCXXXIII. To THE SAME - - - - 399 For Thomas de Marisco. CCXXXIV. To THE SAME - - - - 399 For W. de Radenore, rector of Christ Church, Claphain. CCXXXV. To THE SAME - - - - 400 Expressing his thanks to the Queen for her inex- haustible liberality ; — thanks him for making his apology with the Earl of Cornwall. — Should be hajjpy to visit the Earl if any opportunity offered, which is not at present probable, seeing that very important events are likely to take place and make a great change in the Earl's condition. CCXXXVI. To THE SAME - - - - - 401 Tlie Bishop of Anio, elect of St. Asaph, has business at court ; asks his assistance for the bishop. CCXXXVII. To THE SAME . - - . 402 Cannot visit his majesty at the present time from ill-health and badness of the weather, and various vexations. — Begs him to make his excuse. CCXXXVIII. To Friar R., surnamed the Monk - 402 Asking him to introduce to Robert de S. Agatha, or some other person, in the service of the Bishop of Lincoln, a clergyman impoverished and atrociously injured, that he may be re- ceived with favour in the court of the bishop. CCXXXIX. To the same - - - - 403 For the prioress and nunnery of Belton ; — that the Bishop of Lincoln's negligence in this matter is fostered by designing persons. CCXL. To Friar Adam de Bechesoueres - - 404 In behalf of Roger de Kyrkeby, who requires medical aid. CCXLL To THE same - - - - - . 405 For the celebrated Walter de Merton, who wishes to consult him. SUMMARY. CXXXV Page. CCXLII. To A. DE Lexinton, Vicar of the English Minister - - - _ . 405 Exj)vessive of his friendship. Refers to the affairs of the friars at Scarboroujrh . (See Appendix p. 642.) Thinks he had better not come to Reading, as the writer's stay there is uncer- tain — will see him at the ensuing chapter. CCXLIII. To Friar Gregory - . . . 4{)q Recommending two persons, not named, to the Church of Kemesyng. CCXLIV.a. To Warinus de Haswell - - - 40/ Requesting a copy of his sermon on the Nativity of the Virgin. CCXLIV.6. Against the Secular Occupation of the Friars - - . . . 408 CCXLV. To Friars N. and N. - - . . 411 Thanks for their consolatory letter; — assents to their remark that he ought not to distrust God ; " hnt will that wipe away all tears from the eyes of those who mourn over the abominations of Jerusalem ?" Deprecates the scandals pro- pagated against him by the malicious. CCXLVI.rt. To - - - - - 413 "Will attend to his recommendation ; would have been glad of a personal conference, which is rendered impossible by distance. CCXLVI.Z». An Address to the Pope on Henry III. assuming the Cross - - _ 414 [This was apparently composed in 1250, at the instance of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and for his use.] CCXLVIT. To Sewalus, Archbishop of York - - 438 On his advancement to the See of York. CXXXvi SUMMARY. PRIMA FUNDATIO FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONI^. Page. Prima Fundatio Fratrum Minorum Londoni^ - - 493 Foundation of the church of the Gray Friars, 508 ; of their conduit, 509 ; tokens for tracing it, 510 ; lavatory, 511; hospital, ib.; schools and other buildings, 512; founders of the new church, 513; benefactors to the building, 515; founders of the library, 519; indenture for the windows between the warden and corporation of London, 521. Names of the Gray Friars who have suffered for THE Faith . . - - 526 Of the bishops and confessors of the Order who have been general ministers, 529 ; who have not, 530 ; popes and cardinals who have been general ministers, 531 ; general ministers, 532 ; English provincial ministers, 537 ; kings and nobles of the Order, 539, 541 ; of the second Order, 543 ; of the third Order, ih. APPENDIX. ExcERPTA EX Chronico cujusdam Thom/E Francis- CANi AD Simonem de Esseby, &c. - - - 547 [From Leland's Collectanea, iv. 341.] Divinity Readers in Oxford _ . - - 552 [From the Cotton MS. of Thomas of Eccleston; added in a more recent hand.] Divinity Readers in Cambridge - - - 555 [From the same.] General Ministers - ~ . - . 558 [From the same.] English Provincial Ministers . - . 559 [From the same.] An early English Version of the Testament of St. Francis - - .... 5(52 [Cotton MS. Faustina, D. f. iv.] A List of the Wardenships of the Gray Friars in England - - . _ . . 579 SIIMMARY. CXXXVU Page. Rules for the Household of Bishop Grostete - 582 [From an early English MS.] Dialogue between the Soul and Body ; in early French .---..- 58/ [Subjoined to the 151st letter of Adam de Marisco.] A Latin rhyming Poem, containing an Account of A Dispute between the Friars and the Followers OF Wycliffe - - .... 591 English Poems on the same Subject ... GOl Papal Commission to Adam de Marisco to deter- mine THE Disputes hetween the Bishop and Canon of Winchester .... . 609 Extracts from the Patent Rolls, illustrating the Settlements of the Gray Friars in England - 613 Grostete's Letter, giving an Account of his Re- turn from the Council of Lyons - - - 62/ Queen Elinor, to Henry HI. - ... 629 Notes of Passages referred to in the Text - 631 MOXUMENTA FRANCISCANA. 1kCiflI.^m»vte ft^|»pw%^ ^i.mc^««7r)^ , -^ » uj^^ fi^vc In^oiHife 5^^titJPC^ jj'^r'te^f 1^ fu'ijfUllns^r^rje c^- KvDX ^ Lccleston de Adventu Mmorum 7)an •x8'nr.Iiirh.lc ThrQuppn. fjllp (jf be («iAttj]?ite^i«»if^ yum %nnatul rt'|btii5^to^Ht- -^anoppir cn\X^^m j^'lfl^ ^WlOi UuTuT ^\\jvyv ^ A£ir^\o}(<^ ^mt«- go t^rtlurr. frfyt^tiifltur *^^jb Tf0f ^iq^ 510^ ^ceSl tn y^SAS Wy yfi^rn mbaT J>^rrt^ »T* uel f|?m 1^ a^m one' U ^r /f^nm \?i^iiV 5igiftrm cut^ vh^ Aon J ^>f ^wilt>if ^/l^r^ Eccleston' de Adventu Minorum. i^EP^SDn^Iiith.tnrh-^Qii??!;. INDEX CAPITUM. 1. DE PRIMO ADVENTU FRATRUM MINORUM IN ANGLIAM. 2. DE PRBIA DIVISIONE FRATRUM. 3. DE RECEPTIONE NOVITIORUM. 4. DE PRIJIITIVA PIETATE FRATRUM. 5. DE PROMOTIONE PRiEDICATORUM. G. DE DIVISIONE PROVINCI^ PER CUSTODIAS. 7. DE CAPITULO VISITATORUM. 8. DE DIVISIONE IN ADMINISTRATIONES. 9. DE MUTATIONE LOCORUM ET AMPLIATIONE. 10. DE PROMOTIONE LECTORUM. 11. DE INSTITUTIONE CONFESSORUM. 12. DE SUCCESSIONE MINISTRORUM GENERALIUM. 13. DE SUCCESSIONE MINISTRORUM PROVINCIALIUM. 1-i. DE SPIRITUALI PROFECTU QUORUNDAM FRATRUM. THOMiE DE ECCLESTON LIBER DE ADVENTU MINORUM IN ANGLIAM.i In tlulcedine Domini et Salvatoris nostri Jesu Dcdicatic Christi prtedilecto patri suo, Fratri Simoni de Esseby, suus frater Thomas consolationem Spiritus Sancti. Omnis Justus vitam suam judicare debet per ex- empla meliorum, quia plerumque plus exempla quam rationis verba compungunt. Ut habeatis de propriis unde charissimos filios vestros confortetis ; ut ipsi etiam qui tot et tanta et insuper semetipsos pro consequendo statu et ordine nostro reliquerunt, cum aliorum ordi- num mirabilia legerint et audierint, habeant unde in proj^ria vocatione non minus asdificentm*, et ei qui se vocavit, dulci Jesu, inexhaustas gTatias agant ; quare, perdilecte pater in dulci Jesu, consecro vobis colla- tiones, quas a cliarissimis nutritiis et coalumnis meis per XXV. annos consecutum fuisse me gaudeo, ad lionorem ejus, in quo sibi Deus Pater complacuit, Christi dulcissimi Dei et Domini nostri. ' Added in a later hand : Consohtlo fratris Thomce ad patrem smm Simonem de Essehj, A 2 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON DE ADVENTU MINORUM IN ANGLIAM. COLLATIO I. De Prima Adventw Fratrum Minorum. Anno Domini MCCXXIV., tempore domini Honorii a.d. 1224. pappe, scilicet eodem anno quo confirmata est ab eo Arrival of resrula beati Francisci, anno domini reois Henrici, filii ^\^ ^!'""' ^ ^ ' _ » ' rite i'riars Johannis, octavo, feria tertia post festmn nativitatis in England. Beatse Virginis/ quod illo anno fuit die dominica, ap- plicuerunt primo Fratres Minores in Angliam apud Dovoriam ; quatuor scilicet clerici et quinque laici. Clerici fuerunt isti : primus Frater Angnellus Pisanus, ordine diaconus, setate circiter trecenarius, qui a beato Francisco in proximo capitulo generali destinatvis erat j-'ovincialis minister in Angliam ; fuerat siquideni custos Parisiensis, et ita prudenter se gesserat, ut tam fi'atribus quam secularibus famosa3 sanctitatis me- rito plurimum complaceret. Secundus fuit Frater Ri- cardus de Indewurde,^ natione Anglicanus, sacerdos et preedicator, et petate provectior, qui primus extitit qui citra montes populo prasdicavit ; et ordine et processu temporis sub bonas memorite Fratre Jolianne Parent missus est minister provincialis in Hiberniam ; fuerat enim vicarius Fratris Angnelli in Anglia, dum ille ad capitulum generale proficisceretm*, in quo fticta est translatio reliquiarum Sancti Francisci, et eximire sanc- titatis exempla prfficlara prsebuerat. Completo igitur ' This Festival was on Sept. 8. | 'I- e. Intu-m-th ; more generali v Ingmrtlte, in both JifSS. THOJIAS DE ECCLESTON. lish mis sion. A.D. 122-j. fideli et Deo accepto ministerio, absolutus in capitulo The Ene;- generali a bonas memorise Fratre Alberto ab omni fratnim officio, zelo fidei succensus, profectus est in Syriam, et ibidem felici fine requievit. Tertius erat Frater Ricliardus Devoniensis similiter Anglicanus, or- dine acolitiis, astate juvenis, qui longanimitatis et obe- dientice plnrima nobis exempla reliqiiit. Nam post diversas pro%Tncias per obedientiam peragratas, per annos xv, febribus turn qiiartanis frequentius fatigatus, apud locum Romebale continue morabatm*. Quartas erat Frater Willielmus de Esseb}^, in caparone proba- tionis adhuc no\'itius, natione similiter Anglicanus, 93tate juvenis, Iste in diversis officiis, diutius sub- ministrante spiritu Jesu Chi'isti, laudabiliter dm-ans, hmnilitatis et paupertatis, caritatis et mansuetudinis, obedientife et patientite, et omnis perfectionis exem- pla nobis reliquit. Quimi autem qusereret ab eo Frater Gregorias minister Francite " si vellet ii-e in Angliam?" respondit ''se nescii-e si vellet." Quum mii-aretm- minister de responso, tandem dixit Frater Wniielmus : '■' Idcirco se nescire quid vellet, quia vo- limtas sua non erat sua sed ministri ; unde voluit quicquid minister voluit ipsum velle." Huic testi- monimn prpebuit Frater TV. de Xotingham, quod erat obedientissimus ; quum enim dai-et ei optionem eli- gendi sibi locmu ad manendum, dixit quod "locus iUe sibi smnme placuit quern sibi placeret sibi assignare." Et quia blandimentis pra^eipue pra?ditiLS erat gi-atis- simas lenitatis, plm-imormn secidarium in ordinem pro- voca^dt affectum. Insuper plures idoneas pei'sonas diversa? dignitatis, retatis, et ordinis, ad viam salutis induxit ; et in multis demonstravit ad oculum, quod novit dulcis Jesu mirabiles res facere, et de locustis %Tncere o-iorantes.^ T _ . . ° ° brethren ^^^^ ^^^'^ fuenuit 111; piTaius Frater Heniicus de ' Xurn. xiii. 33. DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 7 Ceriiise/ natione Lombardus, qui pro merito sanctitatis A.D. 1224. et cUscretionis prEecipute postea factus est gardianus LoudonifB, qui et completo laboris sui cui"su in Anglia, multiplicato jam fratruni numero, iii patriam suam rediit. Secundus erat Frater Laurentius, de Belvaco orimidus, qui laboravit in principio, in opere inex- liausto, secimdum decretum regulpe ; et post ad beatum Franciscmu regressus, ipsum videre frequenter et ejus coUoqiuis consolari meruit ; tmiicam denique suam sibi pater sanctus liberalissime contulit, et benedictione dulcissima Icetificatum in Angliam remisit. Qui post midtos labores, per merita patris ejusdem, ut tcstimo, ad portum quietis Londoniam applicuit, ubi nmic desperabili languore detentus finem tarn diutin?e fati- gationis expectat. Tertius fuit Frater W. de Florentia, qui post receptionem fratrmn cito in Franciam rediit. Quartus fuit Melioratus. Quintus, Frater Jacobus Ultra-Montanus, in caparone probationis adliuc no\d- tius. Isti novem per monachos de Feskamp caritative in Touch at Angliam transvecti, et cordialiter in necessitatibus ex- ^ury. liibiti, cum venissent Cantuariam, apud prioratum SanctcG Trinitatis manserunt per binos dies ; et statim quatuor profecti sunt Londoniam, scilicet Frater Kicar- dvis de Inge"wi-th, et Frater Ricardus Devoniensis, et Frater Henricus, et Frater Melioratus. Quinque vero alii diverterunt ad Hospitale Sacerdotum, ubi manse- runt quousque providissent sibi locum. Cito enim post concessa fuit eis camera parvula infra domum scbolarem, ubi de die in diem sedebant quasi clausi continue. Sed cum scholares in vespera domum re- diissent, intraverunt domum in qua sedebant, et ibi faciebant sibi ignem, et sederunt juxta eum, et oUulam nonnunquam cum fsecibus cere^'isi^, cum collationem * The name is imcertain ; the reading in the text has the authoi"ity of Wood, Antiq. Oxon., p. 67. lie conjectui'es Ceridse, or CernuisCi others Tervise, or Trcvisci, 8 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. 1224. bibere debereut, posueniiit super igiiem, et posuerimt disciim in olla et biberimt circulariter, et dixerunt singuli aliqiiod verbiim ledificationis ; et sieut test^\tus est qui hujus siuceiw simplicitatis fuit, et sanct«! pau- pertatis socius et pai-ticeps esse promeruit, tarn spissus aliquando fuit potus eorum, ut cum dixi ^ calefieri de- berent, iufuderuut aquam, et sic cum gaudio biberimt. Simile quoque accidit frequenter apud Sarum, ubi cum tanta jocunditate et li\3titia biberunt fratres fa?ces circa ignem in coquina, collationis bora, ut felicem se reput^iret qiu posset eas ab alio amieabiliter rapero. Tlieir deep Id ipsum apud Slopisb}Tiani, in primo adventu fra- povert\. trum Slopisbp-iam, Frater Mai-tinus senex, qui et cepit locum, se fecisse gratulatus est. In diebus illis tarn districte cavebant ffatres contractionem debitorum, quod \"ix pro extremis necessitatibus debitum contra- here permitt^bant. Unde accidit nt Frater Angnellus, cum Fratre Salamone, gardiano Londonia^, vellet audire compotum IVatnim Londonia?, quantum sc. expendis- sent infra unum terminum anni, cumij^ue audisset quod tarn sumptuose processisset vel satis parca fratrum ex- hibitio, ]irojecit omnos talias et rotulos, et percutiens seipsum in faciem, exclamavit, " Ay me captum ! '' et nunquam postea voluit audire compotum. Contigit quoque nt supervenirent duo fratres ad quendam locum fi'atrum valde vexati ; et cum non esset cere- visia ill domo, consilio seniorum accepto, gai'dianus fecit accipi niutuo miaiii lagenam cerevisice ; itti tanien quod fratres conventuales qui cmn hospitilais erant, iiide noil biberent, sed simnlai'ent se bibere, propter caritatem. Usque ad tempns formationis ordinis con- suevermit fratres facere collationem omni die, et bibere qui vellent in communi, et ordine tenere capitulum, nee fuerunt arctati in recipiendis diversis ferculis vel vino, nee tamen admittebaut oblatas pitancias nisi per ' Sic, pro disci. DE ADVENTU MINORUM. tres dies in hebdomada, in pluribus locis. Ipso con- A.D. 1224. ventu Londonise, tempore piae memoriae W. ministri, et Fratris H. gardiani, vidi fratres bibere tarn acidam cerevisiam, ut mallent aliqui aquara, et comedere pa- nem, quam toiium valgus vocat. Insuper, deficiente pane, in presentia dicti ministri et liospitum in hos- pitio diutius comedi alia.^ COLLATIO II. De Prima. Divlsione Fratrum. Quatuor igitm' fratres, quos suj^ra nomiIla^^, curn A.D. 122.5. venissent Londoniam, divei-terunt ad Fratres Pnedica- p^°^^^' tores, et ab eis benigne suscepti sunt, et apud eos Domini- manserunt diebus quindecim, comedentes et bibentes j^^^jq^ qua? apponebant eis, sicut familiarissimi. Postea con- duxerunt sild domum in Adco CondiuUe, et constitue- riint sibi cellas in ea, constraentes herbas inter cellaruin interstitia. Perduraverunt quoque in jorima simplici- tate usque ad restatem sequentem sine cantaria, quia nondum privilegiuin liabebant erigendi altaria et cele- lirandi in locis suis di\Tna. Et statini ante festinn Omnium Sanctormu, et antequam Frater Angnellus venisset Londoniam, profecti sunt Frater Ricardus de In'^'-e^ATtli et Frater Pvicardus Devoniensis Oxoniam, et Settle in ibi similiter a Fratribus Praedicatoribus familiarissiine ^"' °^^' suscepti sunt; comederunt in suo refectorio, et jacu- erunt in suo dormitorio, sicut conventuales, per dies octo. Postea conduxenmt sibi domum in parocbia S. Ebbae, et ibi manserunt sine cantuaria usque ad ffistatem sequentem. Ibi seminavit dulcis Jesus gTa- num sinapis, quod postea factum est majus omnilnus oleribus. Inde profecti sunt Frater Ricardus de Inge- ' An legenduin ordea f 10 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. 1225. v/rtli et Frater Ricardus Devoniensis Northamtonam, et recepti simt in liospitali. Postea conduxenmt sibi domum in parochia Sancti Egidii, ubi fiiit gardianus primus, Frater Petrus Hispanus, qui loricam feixeam portavifc ad carnem, et alia pliu'ima perfectionis exem- pla monstravit. Primus gardianus Oxonic© fuit Frater The Ward- ^^* ^^ Esseby, adliuc novitius ; commodatus tunc erat ens at Ox- ei habitus professionis. Primus gardianus Cantabrigife bridge,^"^^ fuit Frater Thomas de Hispania. Primus gardianus Lincoln ; Lincolnise fuit Frater Henricus Misericorde laicus. Dominus Joliamies Travers j)rimo recepit fratres apud Cornliulle, et locavit eis domum, et factus [est] gar- dianus laicus quidam Lombardus, qui tunc prime de nocte didicit literas in ecclesia beati Petri de Corn- hulle, et postea factus vicarius Angiise, dum Frater Angiiellus proficisceretui' ad capitulum generale. In vicaria tamen habuit socium Fratrem Ricardum de Ingewrth ; ad ultimum vero felicitatem tantam non ferens, sed effeminatus potius lionoribus, et a seipso alienatus, ab ordine miserabiKter apostatavit. Dignum memoria quod secundo anno administrationis Fratris Petri, quinti ministri Angiise, anno scilicet ab adventu fi-atrum in Angliam xxxii°, numerati sunt viventes fra- tres, in provincia Anglise, in xlix. locis, MCCXLii. and at London. COLLATIO in. The no- vices. Be Receptione Novitiorum. Frater Salamon. Igitur cum se divisissent fratres qui primo vene- rant in Angliam, et ad diversa loca profecti fuissent, venermit quidam, quos Spiritus Jesu in hoc ipsum adduxit, petentes ordinem. Quorum primus qui reci- peretui' fuit bon» indolis adolescens, et elegantia cor- poris admodum clarus, Frater Salamon ; qui mihi re- ferre soUtus erat, quod cum adJuic esset novitius factus est procurator, venitque ad domum sororis sua3 ut DE ADVENT U MINORUM. 11 eleemosynam peteret. Ipsa vero portans ei panem A.D. 1225. avertit vultmix dicens, " Maledicta sit liora qua te mi- l^»'- Solo- quam vidi ;" et ipse quidem cum gaudio recepit pa- nem et recessit. Tarn stricte vero tenuit pniefixam sibi formam parcissimaj paupertatis, ut cum noiinun- quam propter fratrem quendam infirmum in caparone suo portaret farinam et sal, seu iicos pauculos, et ligna ad ignem sub axilla sua, diligentissime cavit, no extra metas exquisitissimse necessitatis aliquid recipei'et vel retineret. Unde contigit aliquando ut tantum frigus pateretur, quod illico se moriturum crederet ; non liabentibus autem fratribus imde ipsum calefacere possent, pium sibi sufFugium sancta caritas moustravit.. Convenermit siquidem omnes fratres circa ipsum [et] psuis sinibus, sicut porcis mos est, eum comprimendo foveiTint. Quum autem ad ordinem acolitatus promo- veri deberet, missus est ad venerabilem patrem sanctse memorise archiepiscopum Stephanum, et sibi a fratre quodam seniore prseseiitatus ; qui gratissime suscepit emu, et sub hoc titulo ad ordinem promo vit : " Apos- tolatum accedat Frater Salamon de ordine ajDosto- lorum." Hoc ideo dixerim, ut innotescat quantfe re- verentise fuerit apud sapientes fratrum primordialis spiritualitas. Quiun autem comedissent in mensa arclii- episcopi, reversi sunt fratres Cantuariam nudipedes, in nive qua3 profunda nimis extitit et intuentibus exlior- renda, Postea accepit gravitatem in uno pede, unde languit Londonia? per duos annos, ita quod vix unquam nisi portatus [se] movere potuit. In hac infiimitate visitari meruit a sanctse memoria3 Fratre Jordano, magistro totius ordinis PK\3dicatorum, qui dixit ei, " Frater, non verecmideris, si Pater Domini nostri " Jesu Cliristi traxerit te ad ipsum per pedem/' Igi- tur postquam tarn diu jacuerat in cellario, ubi mis- sarum solempnia non audierat, fratres enim non cele- brabant in loco, sed ibant ad audiendmn divina et ad celebrandum ad ecclesiam parocliialem, factus est mor- bus ita desperatus, ut judicio chirurgorum pedem 12 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. 1225. oporteret praBcidi ; efc cum allata esset securis, et pes Fr. Solo- discoopertus esset, exivit sanies qusedam quae spem ali- quam permittebat ; unde dilatum est ilia vice durum id judicium. Interim concepit certam spem, quod si ad sanctum aliquem duceretur, pedem utique recupe- raret et salutem. Ergo cum Frater Angnellus adve- nisset, mandavit absque dilatione, quocunque modo commodius fieri posset, ad sanctum aliquem in partes transmarinas duceretur. Quod factum est ; nee fefellit eum fides sua ; quin potius postea in tantum convaluit, ut absque baculo incederet, et missas ipse celebraret, et o-ardianus Londonipe et cjeneralis confessor totius civitatis existeret. Verumtamen, quia dulcissimo Jesu diutius supplicaverat, ut eum in praesenti a peccatis suis purgaret, misit ei gravitatem qure fregit spinam dorsi sui, ita ut gibbosus et cm'vus fieret ; misit ei hy- dropisim calidam et sanguineum fluxum lisemorrlioidum, usque ad obitmn suum. Postremo vero, pridie quam pergeret ad Ipsum, immisit ei dulcis Jesus tantum dolorem cordis, cujus tamen doloris causam penitus ignoravit, quod omnes prtecedentes passiones in re- spectu illius agonias nihili sestimavit. Vocatis igitur tribus fratribus qui sibi specialiores erant, indicavit eis agoniam animi sui, et intente supplicavit quatenus pro statu suo instanter orarent. Ipsis ergo in oratione unanimiter perseverantibus, apparuit ei dulcissimus Jesus Cliristus cum beato Petro Apostolo coram lecto suo stans, et aspiciens in eum, ipse vero statim cog- nito Salvatore clamavit, " Miserere mei, Domine, mise- " rere mei." Et respondit Dominus Jesus ei : " Quia " semper me rogasti ut in prsesenti te afiiigerem et " purgarem, misi tibi dolorem prsesentem, et pr0eci])ue " quia caritatem tuam primam reliquisti, et non fecisti, " ut decuit vocationem tuam, dignos fructus poeniten- " tijE, et quia pepercisti nimis divitibus in injungendo " sibi poenitentiam." Et addidit beatus Petrus, "In- " super scias te graviter peccasse in judicando fratrem " Johamiem de Cycestria, qui nuper obiit. Et imnc m: ADVENTU MINORUM. 13 " roga Dominum ut det tibi talem fineni, qualem Ipse A.D. 1225. " habuit." Et damans Frater Salamon dixit, " Mise- " rere mei, dulcissiine Doiiiiiie, miserere mei dulcis " Jesii : " qui subridendo respexit in eum ita j^lacido vultu quod tota pra^cedens angustia statim evanuit, et ipse speciali gaudio repletus certissimam spem sua^ salutis concepit ; et confestim vocatis fratribus denun- ciavit qute viderat ; unde non modice consolati fuerunt. Dignum memoria, quod cum essent fratres in loco de Cornhulle, venit Diabolus visibiliter et dixit Fratri Gilberto de Vyz, cum sederet solus, " Credis evasisse me ? Ecce hoc habebis adhuc :" et projecit super eum plenum pugillum suum pediculorum,^ et evanuit. Secundus frater, qui receptus est a Fratre Angnello, William of fuit Frater Willelmus de Londonia, qui fuerat aliquando °"-""- mutus, sed apud Berginge, meritis Sanct?e Etelburga3, sicut mihi retulit, loquelam recuperavit. Hie etiam, cum esset familiaris domini justiciarii de Angiia, Hu- bert! de Bm'go, licet laicus, et latius,^ ut putabatur, existeret, et in arte scissoria ftimosus, prius quam fra- tres aream vel cantariam liaberent, Londonice indutus est. Tertius erat optima3 indolis, plus, nobilis, et delica- jocius of tus, de ipsa civitate Londoniae oriundus, Frater Jocius "" ^ " de Cornhulle, clericus ; qui post multos labores, quos ibi sustinuerat, profectus est in Hispaniam moraturus, et ibidem feliciter obiit. Quartus fuit Frater Johannes, clericus, quasi octo- John, a decim annorum adolescens, bonte indolis et optimas ^'*^i'^- conversationis, qui citius completo cm-su vitpe prresen- tis, migTavit ad Dominum Jesum Christum. Ipse domino Philippo sacerdoti, cum doleret dentes suos, suavi modo suasit, ut mitteret panem et cerevisiam Fratribus Minoribus, et promisit quod Dominus Jesus curaret eum. Et sic factum est ; unde ambo cito postea dederunt seipsos et intraverunt ordinem. ' piicUculorum, MS. | ' Latinus ? in MS. 14 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. Walter de Burgo. A.J). 1225. Quintus fait Frater Philippus Londonica oriundus, Philip of ordine sacerdos, qui postea gardianus Brugensis factus, London. ^^ officiiim prsedicationis adeptus, plurimos Incrifecit. Postremo missus est in Hiberniam, et ibidem feliciter migTavit ad Domimun. Post lios autem intraverimt quidam magistri, qui famam fratnmi magnificaverimt ; Frater scilicet Wal- teiTis de Bm'go, de quo vidit fi'ater imus mirabilem visionem ; quod scilicet Domimis Jesus descendens de ccelo porrexit ei rotulum, in quo scriptum erat, " Tem- pus tui tritici non est liic, sed alibi," Huic revelavit [fraudem] ^ cujusdam muUeris religiosre, qure per vi- siones fictas delusit quendam fratrem 'discretum ita quod eas scriberet. Frater vero Angnellus non credens injunxit conventui ut orarent quatenus Deus reve- laret ei rem quandam pro qua fuit solicitus. Et ecce nocte ilia visum fuit Fratii Waltero quod vidit cer- vam quandam ascendere velociter ad cacumen cujus- dam montis excelsi, et duo canes magni consecuti sunt eam, et convertermit eam usque in vallem, et ibi stran- gulaverunt eam ; accurrens autem Frater Walterus, ubi cervam invenire se credidit, non invenit nisi sac- culum plenum sanguine. Cum igitur A^sionem banc narrasset Fratri Angnello, concepit quod per bypo- crisim seducta foisset, et misit ad eam duos discretos fratres, qui tandem confessam quod finxisset qupe dix- erat, veritati reconciliaverunt. Intravit et alius magister, scilicet Frater Ricardus Normannus, qui cmn verbum redificationis a dicto Wal- tero qu53ereret,^ post diuturnam deliberationem respon- dit, "Qui vult esse in pace, sileat." '' Ky vot estre en pes, tenge sey en pes." Intravit tmic temporis magister Vincentius de Co- ventre, qui non multmn post germanum sumn, magis- trum Henricum, ad intrandum ordinem, co-operante Ric. Nor man. Vincent of Coventry, ' Some -word is wanting here in the MS. to complete the sense ; either mendacium or fraudem. - Sic, for quarerctur ? DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 15 gratia Jesu Cliristi, tliligenter induxit. Intraverimt A.D. 122,'). vero in die conversionis Sancti Pauli, cum sanctro me- moriae magistro Ada de Oxonia/ et domino Willelmo de Eboraco solempni Ijaculario, Hie vero mao-ister Adam of Ada de Oxonia, toto famosus orbe, voverat ut qnic- ^'''"'^^^• quid peteretur ab eo, pro amore Beatas Marire, faceret ; et hoc ipsum cuidam inclusae, sibi familiari, retulit. Ipsa vero amicis suis, scilicet monacho cnidam de Redinges, et alii de ordine Cisterciensi, et fratri cui- dam Prcedicatori revelavit secretum suum, dicens, quod talem virum taliter lucrari possent, nolens scilicet quod frater minor fieret. Sed Beata Virgo non per- misit, licet presentem emn aliquis haberet, ut pro amore suo id peteret ; sed usque ad aliud tempus deferret. Visum enim fuit ei nocte, quod debuit transire pontem quendam ubi fuerunt homines in aquam tendentes retia ad capiendum eum ; ipse vero hoc cum magna difficultate evasit, et venit ad locum placidissimum. Igitm* cum divino nutu cseteros evasisset, venit casual- iter videre Fratres Minores, cumque loqueretur Frater Willelmus de Colvile senior, vir eximiae sanctitatis, inter cetera dixit, " Magister charissime pro amore Adam de Matris Dei intra ordinem nostrum, et releva simplici- ^^^*"^^- tatem nostram," Qui statim, quasi ex ore Matris Dei verl^mn ipsmn audisset, concessit. Fuit autem tunc socius Magistri Adae de Marisco et ad robas suas, quem non multo post, per Dei gratiam, ad intrandum ordinem sagaciter induxit. Videbatur autem quadam nocte Fratri Adae de Marisco, quod venerunt simul ad quoddam castellum, et ultra portas fuit depicta Domi- nica crux, et quicumque vellet ingredi, oporteret emn osculari crucem, Ingressus est ergo primus, osculata cruce, Frater Ada de Oxonia ; et alter Frater Ada sta- tim, eadem osculata, secutus est. Sed prior, inventa mox coclea, tam velociter ascendit, ut ab aspectu se- quentis citius raperetur ; sequens vero clamavit, " In- ' " In altero exemplari ' Ada de Exonia' scribitur." Wood, ib. p. 68. 16 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. John of Reding. Rich.Rufus A.D. 1225. cedatls moderatius, incedatis moderatius ! " Sed alter niisquam postea coinparuit. Et qiiidem visio lisec om- nibus qui tunc erant in Anglia fratribus potuit esse manifesta ; siquidem Frater Adam post ingressum pro- fectus est ad Papam Gregorium, a quo, secundum quod optaverat, missus est ad prsedicandum inter Saracenos ; sed apud Barlete, socii sui mortem precedens, obiit, et post, ut dicitur, clarus miraculis effulsit. Intravit au- tem Ada de Marisco apud Vygorniam, zelo scilicet ma- joris paupertatis. Post lios intravit Frater Johannes de Redingia, abbas Osengyte, qui nobis omnis perfectionis exempla reliquit. Post liunc quoque magister Ricardus Rufus, tarn Oxonine quam Parisiis ftima clarissimus. Intraverunt quoque milites nonnulli ; scilicet dominus Ricardus Gobion, dominus Egidius de Merc, dominus Thomas Hispanus, dominus Henricus de Walepole ; de quorum ingressu dixit dominus Roy, " Si volueritis esse discreti in fratribus recipiendis, si non procm-a- veritis privilegia ad oppressionem hominum, et pra3- cipue si non fueritis importuni in petendo, poteritk piincipari principibus." Post hoc crescente numero fratrum, et eorum sancti- tate comperta, crevit et fidelium devotio in eos, unde loca sibi competentia providere cm"averunt. Igitur Cantuariee contulit eis aream quandam, et gedificavit capellam satis honestam pro tempore, dominus Alex- ander, magister Hospitalis Sacerdotum ; et quia fratres niliil omnino appropriare sibi voluerunt, facta est com- munitati civitatis propria, fratribus vero pro civium libitu commodata. Specialissime vero promoverunt eos dominus Symon de Longeton, archidiaconus Cantuaride, et dominus Henricus de Sandwyg, nobilis quoque comitissa, domina Inclnsa de Baginton, qufe sicut mater filios, sic fovit eos in omnibus ; principum et prela- torum quoque gratiam incomparabiliter consecuta fu- at London ; erat, favorem sibi sagacialiter acquii'endo. Londonise The cha- rity of Founders and Bene- factors : at Canter- bury. DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 1" antem liospitatus est fratres doiuiuiis Joliamies Ywiii,' A.l). 1225. qui eniptam i)ro fratribus areain coininunitati civiuin appropriavit, fratribus autem usufnictmn ejusdem pro lil)itu doniinorum devotissinie designavit ; ])ostea vero ipse lit laicus ordineui ingressus perfectissiiiia3 ]iCiii- tentia=! et siimma) devotionis nobis exeinpla veliipiit. Ampliavit aiiteni areain dominus Jocius iilius Petri, cujus filius optima! indolis ordinem postea devotiis in- travit, et devotior perseveravit in iinein. Capellam vero {ledificavit suinptibus propriis dominns Willebnus Joymer, et ad alias domos construendas circiter ducen- tas libras per vices contulit, et indefesse usque ad mortem in spiritualitate fratrum, eontinuis eos beiie- fieiis visitans, pei'duravit. Ad infirmariam vero con- struendam contulit centum libras in obitu suo dominus Petrus de Oliland. Aquneductum procuraverunt prre- cipuo et mutuis collationibus dominus Henricus de Frowye, et optimas conversationis adolescens, Salekinus de Basing", cooperante tamen amplissime regia munifi- centia. Alia quoque in rodificiis, turn in libris, quum et in areie ampliatione et aliarnin necessitatum sub- levationo, tot et tam multiplicata beneficia, omnibus mortalibus admiranda, tempore meo vidi Londonia^, ab ipso dulcissimo Jesu fratribus provideri, ut merito specialiter ab ipsis supra cseteros amari et honorari debeat idem in aeternum. Oxonia3 porro recepit fratres Robertus le Mercer, at Oxford; et locavit eis doinum, in qua iatraverunt ordinem multi probi baccalaurei et multi nobiles. Postea con- duxerunt domum quandam in area, in qua sunt modo, a Richardo le Muliner, qui infra annum contulit areain et domum communitati villee ad opus fratrum. Fuit autem area ipsa brevis et arcta nimis. Cantabrigian at Cam- primo receperunt fratres burgenses villte, assignantes eis ^^ ^^ ' ' i. e, Ewin. 18 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.]). 1525. veterem synagogam, qme erat contigua carcerl. Cum vero intolerabilis esset vicinia oarceris fratribus, quod eundem ingressum liabebant carcerarii et fratres, dedit dominus Eex decern marcas ad emendum reditum ' quod satis fieret scaccario suo pro reditu arese, et sic sedifi- cabant fratres capellam ita pauperrimam, ut unus car- pentarius in una die faceret, et erigeret una die xiv. coplas tignorum. In festo autem Sancti Laurentii, cum non essent nisi tres fratres, clerici scilicet Frater W. de Esseby et Frater Hugo de Bugeton, et novi- tius nomine Frater Helias, qui tarn claudus erat ut portaretur in oratorium, cantaverunt officium solemp- niter cum nota, et in tantum Hevit novitius, ut aperte per vultum canentis currerent lacrjnnre. Igitur cum sanctissime mortuus fuisset apud Eboracum ap- paruit Fratri W. de Esseby apud Northamptonam, et qua^renti, "quomodo se haberet," respondit : "Bene at Shrews- " me liabeo ; ora pro me." Apud Slopisbyriam dedit ^"^^ ' aream fratrilms dominus Rex ; ecclesiam vero aidi- ficavit burgensis quidam nomine Ricardus Pinde, ceteras officinas Laurentius nomine ; et muros lapideos dormitorii, decernente sic ministro, Fratre sc. Willi- elmo, pro zelo pauper tatis amovit, et luteos fecit cum mirabili et mansuetudine et permagnis sumptibus. redJitnm, MS. DE ADVE:i'TU MINORUM. 19 COLLATIO IV. PriwAtiva Pietas Fratrum. Silentium. Orationes. Primitias autem Spiritus habentes fratres illiiis A.D, temporls, non Immanis constitution ibus sed liberis ^--^-^O- sure devotionis affectionibus, regnla etiam content! et and iioii- pancissimis aliis statutis, qua) po,^t confirm ationem °^^s o^^^f"^- regula) eodeni anno emanaverant, Domino serviebant. Ha3c fuit autem prima constitutio, quam Sanctus Franciscus fecit post regulam bullatam, sicut dixit bonre memorise Frater Albertus ; scilicet quod fratres inter seculares nou comederent, nisi tantum tres bolos continues propter observationem sacro-sancti Evan- gelii ; quia venerat ad eum rumor quod fratres avide comedebant. Fratres igitur silentium usque ad ter- tiam tenere consueverunt, et in oratione tarn assidui esse, ut vix esset per totam noctera aliqua bora, qua non esset aliquis in oratione in oratorio. In prasci- puis quoque solempnibus tanto fervore cantaverunt, ut per totam rioctem nonnunquam durarent vigilia» ; et eum essent nisi tres vel quatuor aut ad multum sex, ita cum nota solempniter cecinerunt. Tantafpie fuit simplicitas eorum, tantaque puritas, ut de pollutlono nocturna in capella coram omnibus dicerent culpas suas. Inoleverat enim inter eos tarn religiosa consue- tudo, ut nihil penitus jurarent, sed simpliciter dicerent, " Sciatis." Quam cito quisquam eorum vel a superioro vel a socio faisset interrogatus, statim respondit, " Mea " culpa," et frequenter etiam prostratus. Unde ma- gister Prjedicatorum bonce mernorife Frater Jordanus B 2 122j-;j0 20 THOMAS DE ECCLEST(JN. -'v.D. dixit, quod Diabolus ei ' aliquando apparviisset et dixit quod " Mea culpa," abstulit sibi oiiine quod luciari credidit inter Fratres Minores, quia scilicet dicebant culpas meas invicem, si quis alium offeudisset. Fue- ruut tamen fratres omui tempore inter se ita jocundi et la}ti, ut vix in aspectu niutus se temperaret a jisu. Unde cum fratres juvenes Oxonienses nimis frequenter riderent, injunctum fuit cuidarn ut quoties rideret toties reciperet disciplinas. Accidit autem ut cum nullas disciplinas in una die recepisset, nee tamen posset se a risu continere, visum fuerit ei quadam nocte, quod totus conventiis more solito stetit in clioro, et temptabant fratres ridere more solito, et ecce crucifixus qui stetit ad ostium cliori convertit se ad eos quasi vivus, et ait : " Filii Coroo sunt qui in " liora cantus rident et dormiunt." Videbatur ei etiam quod crucifixus nitebatur extrahere manus a patibulo, quasi volens descendere et recedere ; et ecce custos loci statiin ascendit et confirmavit clavos, ita quod non descendit. Hac igitur visione puljlicata territi^ fratres maturius, sine risu notabiliore [se] gerebant. In tantum enim veritatem zelabant, ut vix liyper- bolice aliquid loqui auderent, vel etiam propria delicta, cum tamen se puniendos scirent si confiterentur, celarent. In locis capiendis, vel moram fjxciendo in jam captis, nulla fuit diflicultaSj vel aliis quibuscunque locis vel qualitercunque exsequendis, dummodo scilicet a suo superiore scirent ordinatum. Unde accidit ut in locis qui desolatorii tunc temporis dicerentur, fra- tres tarn nobiles genere quam aliis conditionibus, in speculo spectabiles et in ordine gratiosissimi, sine que- rela se poni ])ermitterent. Hoc solum suavissimum cordis eorum contristare videbatur affectum, quod ab " turn, MS. I 2 tcrriti iunt, MS. DE ADVENTU MINORUM, 21 invicem separai-i oportebtit. Unde frequenter usque ■^■^^^ ad partes rcmotas fratres recedentes conducebant, et efFusis ia recessu lacrimis afFectionis fidein mutuo demonstrabant. 1225-50. COLLATIO V. Prcedicatorum Promotlo. Haymo de Favershani. Quum fratres autem summfe simplicitati et con- Their ac- scientisB puritati summoperc studerent in omnibus, in [e^^'^lj^in" audienda tamen lege divina et scliolasticis exercitiis and preacli- ita fuere ferventes, ut scbolas theologia?, quantum- ^" cunque distarent, adire quotidie nudis pedibus in frigoris asperitate et luti profunditate non pigrarentur. Unde, cooperante gratia Spiritus Sancti, ad officiuni prsedicationis infra breve tempus plures promoti sunt. Inter quos primus exstitit bona3 memorise Frater Hugo de Baldoc, Frater quoque Philippus de Longe- ton, et Frater Willehnus de Esseby, qui non solum sermone, sed in exemplificata devotione verbum Dei, tam populo, quam clero, prfiedicaverat. Promovit autem plurimum proedicantes, et auctijri- Fr. iinymo tatis eis et famfe fomenta prsebuit adventus Fratris °^^''^^''-'i"- Haymonis de Faversbam, qui cum tribus aliis ma- gistris apud Sanctum Dionysium in die Parasceues, ordine' sacerdos et famosus pra^dicator, intravit. Hie enim cum adliuc secularis esset, usus est cilicio us(j[ue ad polites,- et alia plurima pcenitentia3 excellentissima crd'nicm ? 1 ' poplitcs ? 22 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. iiionstitivit exempla. Untie ita clebilis et delicatus ad 122.')- 50. i^i^iijj^i^ijjj factus est, ut vix nisi in assatis vesceretiir Er. Haymo , .. -,. . , . • t, , ... ofEaver- et caliQis vivere non posset. Accidit autem ei visio sham. talis, quuni scilicet esset Favershainite, et oraret in ecclesia coram crucilixo ; et ecce descendit chorda de coelo, et ipse accepit earn et tenuit, et ita tractus est per eani in caelum. Cum vidisset Fratres Minores, memor istius visionis resunipsit vires, et erigens so contra se, sociiim sunm magistrum Symonem de Sanvvy^ et duos alios famosos [magistros] sagnx-iter induxit, ut ipso celebrante missani, iprii a Domino Jesu Christo petereut, quid sibi consultius foret ^ ad salutem. Cumque simul omnibus Minorum professio complaceret, accesserunt, ad majorem securitatem, ad Sanctis memoriaB Fratrem Jordanum, magistrum Ordi- nis Preedicatorum, et obligaverunt eum in animam suam ut sibi consilium suum lideliter daret. Qui, sicut erat veraciter inspiratus, consilio suo conceptum propositum confirmavit. Accesserunt ergo quatuor isti ad ministrum, fratrem scilicet Gregorium de Neapoii, et ab eodem recepti [sunt] a2)ud S. Dionysium, pust- quam Frater Haymo prsedicaverat in die Parasceues de hoc versu, " In convertendo Bominus ea2)tivi' " taiem Syon, facti sudius sicut qui cuiti (jaudio " magno induti sunt.''' In die vero Paschro, cum viderat Frater Haymo tam uumerosum populum in parochiam,- in qua fratres audiebant diviua, (non enim habebant adhuc cantariam,) dixit custodi, qui erat laicus, Vincentius nomine, quod si auderet, li- bcnter pnedi caret populo, ne forte communicarent in mortali. Injunxit ergo ei custos ex parte Spiritus Saucti ut pnvdicaret. Pra:!dicavit ergo ita motive, ut multi differrent communicare quousque fuissent ei confess!» Sedit igitur tribus diebus in ecclesia et * cofulcius Jluref, MSi | ^ /„ parochia ? DE ADVENTU MI^^OKUM. 23 audivifc confessiones ct confortavit uoii nicdiocrit(a' A]). populum. 1225-00. Itaque, nt priiis dictum esfc, postquam veneruiit Ff.liaymo fratres in Angliain, venit et ipse; et tain in pra3di- gi^J^'"*" cationibiis quani in disputationibus, et prceeipue in pra^latorum favore plurimum simplicitati priniorum fratrum contulit. Fnit enim ita gratiosus et eloquens, nt etiam adversantibus Ordini gratus et acceptUvS exis- teret. Unde primo custos Parisins, postea lector Turonis, et BononiLe, et Padnje, positns est. In legationem qnoque in Gra3ciain ad Natatiuni, una cum bonse memorijB Fratre Radulplio de Remis, a pise memorials Papa Gregorio missus est. Fratrem Gre- goiium de Neapoli Parisius Ministrum Franciix?, meritis suis exigentibus, a ministerio fecit amoveri ; et jnsto Dei jndicio, solutis his quos ipse immerito incarcera- verat, fecit incarcerari. Fratrem quoque Heliam, qui Minister Generalis erat, propter scandala qua) fecit, et tyrannidem quam in zelatores Ordinis exercuit, in Angliam socius [missus], in pnesentiam patris nostri Papoe Gregorii appellantibus, procurante eo, contra ipsum plurimis provinciis, miro Dei favore prodejecit. Quis vero de suis meritis presumere, quis de se tutus esse possit, cum tales personas ad tantam calamitatem devenisse cognovit? Quis enim Gregorio in prasdicatione vel prtelatione, in Universitate Pa- risius vel clero totius Francias comparabilis ? Quis in universo Christianitatis orbe vel gratiosior vel fa- mosior quam Helias ? Et tamen unus in fine meruit perpetuum carcerem, alius propter inobedientiam et apostasiam suam summi Pontificis excommunicationem. Utrumque tamen hoc sero poenituit. Yenit autem cum Fratre Haymone in Angliam bona) memori?e Frater Willelmus de Colville, senior, summai simplicitatis et eximitc caritatis vir; cujus germana postmodum in ecclesia cathedrali G3^cestre pro castitate servanda ssevissime jugulata est. Juvenis enim qui- 2-t THOMAS DE ECCLESTOZx'. A.D. clam, qui ob ejus pulchritudinem diu desideraverat 1225-50. ^^|. gj^j-jj solam posset invenire, et ad amplexiLS anions ofJFaver- indiiccret, cum nullo ingeuio posset earn iuclinare, shaia. quam maligna sit carnalis dilectio, ipsam in ecclesia jDeriraendo, proLavit. Inter carnaliter se amantes fre- quenter in iine tantum oritur odium, quantum prins erat amoris. ¥v. Kic, Postea venerunt in Angliam plures alii fratres pro- Jviiliis. "bissimi de Anglia oriundi, qui Parisius intraverant, quos adhuc existens in haljitu seculari ipse vidi : Frater scilicet Nicholaus E.ufus, lector egregius, qui postea zelo reformandi ordinem, contra Fratrem Heliam pro Francia profectus est ad curiam cum Fratre Haymone. Qui et narravit quod quidam novitius retulit ei, quod cum continua siti laboraret, nee posset dormirc de nocte, apparuit ei vir quidam speciosus in habitu fratrum, et prsecepit ut surgeret et sequeretur eum : quod cum fecisset duxit eum in locum arasenissiraum, et introduxit eum in pulclierri- mum palatium, et dedit ei bibere potum suavis- simum, et dixit ei, " Frater, quotienscunque siticris, " venias Imc ad me, et dabo tibi bibere." Et qufesivit novitius, quis esset ; qui dixit se esse Fratrem Franciscum, Exinde ad se reversus novitius nullam penitus de cajtero sitis temptationem sustinuit ; sed evigilans tarn corde quam corpore se refocillatum et confortatum persentit.^ Venit et tunc temporis Kad de Frater Radulphus de Rosa, qui ob eximiam gratiam Kosa. prpedicationis domino regi Anglifo familiarissimus effectus, fine suo probavit quam inimica sit Deo hujus ijiundi amicitia, et quam contrarium puritati Ordinis Minorum Fratrum, magnatum magnificari favoribus, et in curiis principum continue commorari, Venit quoque Frater Henricus de Burforde, qui cum adhuc novitius esset, et cantor Fratrum Parisius, contra ' pcrscii.sit ? DE ADVENTU MINOR UM. J.0 temptationes quas sustinuit versus istos ia meditatione A.D. ., 1225-50. composuit : ^ Hen. de Qui Minor cs, noli riderc, tibi quia soli linrforde Convenit ut plores; iuni^as cum nomine mores, and his verses Nomine lu Minor es, Minor actibus csto, labores Perftr, et ingentcm vincat ' patientia mentem. Nenipc cor objurgat, j'cr nam patientia jiurgat f^i quicquam facis ; est siquis tc corrijjit ? is est. Qui te custodit; non te, sed quod facis, edit. Quid tibi cum vili veste, cibo, quoque cubili? Peccator- certe, tu singula perdis aperte Si mentitus cris factis quod veste fateris. Umbra minoris erit, qui nulla ' re sua quaerit. Hie postea, pro magna lioiiestate sua, quatuor ministrorum generalium et quatuor proviucialium in Anglia socius specialis esse meruit. Hie et diu Patriarclipe Antiocheno in legatione sua in Lunibardia primo interpres et pnedicator exstitit, et post domini papa3 Gregorii Noni poenitentiarius ; eustos quoque Venetiarum, et custodis Londonias quoque vicarius. Venit et tunc Frater Ilenricus de Keresby ; qui I^^n- de postea fuit datus in ministrum Scotite, cmn esset vicarius custodis Oxonia?, sed prasventus fuit morte. Qui apparuit post mortem suam custodi Oxoniir», dicens quod " si non damnarentur fratres pro excessu " quern facerent in «Bdificiisj graviter tamen punie- " bantur :'' et addidit, " si fratres bene dicerent " divinum officium, essent oves Apostolorum." Yenit quoque in Angliam tunc temporis Frater ^^l^iti° de Martinus de Barton, qui beatum Franciscum fre- quenter videre meruit ; qui postea vicarius fuit ministri Angliie, et multis aliis ofticiis optiine se habuit. Ipse narravit, quod in capitulo generali, in quo prsecepit Sanctus Franciscus destrui domum, qua; fuerat redilicata propter capitulum, fuerunt quinque nnnci.tt, MS. ■^c'^, MS. /), MS. 26 THOJIAS DE ECCLESTOX. A.D. millia fratruiii. Frater vero sims seciuidum cariiem 1225-50. f^^j^ senescballus capituli, et descindit domurn ex j^arte communitatis. Per ipsum scripsifc Sanctus Frauciscus propria maiiu literam sub divo in pluvia non madefiictus, uiiui.stro et fratribus Francire, ut visis literis jubilarent divinse Trinitati, dicentes, " Benedicamiis Patrem et Filium cum Spiritu Saucto." Eodeni fpioque die pater idem fratrem quendam [qui] in puteum profundum ceci- derat, fugiens audito rumore in ecclesiam, fusa ora- tione illajsum servavit. Dixit quoque quod frater quidam, qui stetit in oratione Brixite in Die Natali Domini in tremore quern pra3dixerat Sanctus Fraucis- cus, et per omnes scholas Bononitie per fratres pra3- dicari fecerat, per literam in qua fuit plurimum Latinum, et ecclesia corruit, ob ruinam lapidum, illsesus inventus est. Hie terr?e motus ante guerram Frederici per continues xl. dies factus est, ita ut moverentur omnes montes Lumbardite. Venit quoque in Angiiam Frater Petrus Hispanufi, qui fuit postea gardianus Nortbamtoniu, qui lorica utebatur ob carnis illecebras edomandas. Hie novicium quendam in conventu suo habuit, qui temptabatur exire ordinem : a quo vix tandem obtinuit ut ad ministrum secum ire vellet. Cum igitur incederent per viam incepit Frater Petrus pnedicare ei de "virtute sanctfe obedienti;ie ; et ecce avis qu^edam silvestris pnecessit eos ambulantes in via. Dixit ergo novicius, Steplianus nomine, ad fratrem Petrum, " Pater, si sic est, ut dicis, praecipe per " virtutem obedientice lit capiam avem banc silves- " trem, ut ipsa expectet me." Qui cum sic fecisset, statim stetit avis, et accessit novicius, et tenuit cam et tractavit sicut voluit : et statim sedata est omnis temptatio sua, .et immntavit ei Deus cor aliud, et rediit statim Northamtonanij et professus est perse- verare, et postea factus est prsedicator egregius, sicut ipse vidi. DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 27 COLLATIO VI. Divisio Angliw in Custodias. Post hoc mulilplicatis iaiii locis, et fratiibu.s taiu ^^■^^ ... . l''-'5-50 mentis quara numero de die in diciii iiralti])liciter Division of dilatis, visum fuit expedieus provinciam per custoJias t'^^^^nglish dividi. Divisa est igitm* provincia in primu ca})itulo provinciali Londonise [in ciistodias] (piarum (|ua,']iljet singulaii sanctitate pollebat. In custodia qni})pe Lon- doniio, cm pra3fuit Frater Gilbertus, cui Beata Virgo in obitu suo apparuit, j^rsecipue viguit fervor et reverentia et devotio in divino ofiicio. In custodia Oxonite, cui pnefuit Frater Wilielraus de Esseby, prfficipue viguit studium. In custodia Cantebrigise, cui prajfuit Frater Ricardus de Ingewrtb, prrecipue viguit paucilitas pecunia?, in tantum, ut usque ad id temporis quo visitavit Frater Albertus Angliam, non uterentur Fratres illius custodie mantellis, sicut pater idem retulit. In custodia Eboraci, cui pra3fuit Fra- ter Martinus de Barton, viguit zelus paupertatis ; non enim permisit ut essent plures fratres in aliquo loco quam quot possent mendicitate sola, sine debitis, in victualibus exliiberi. In custodia Sarisbmiensi, cui priefuit Frater Stepbanus, prsecij^ue viguit mutuce dilectionis affectus. Ipse siquidem tantte fuit suavi- tatis, tantseque jocunditatis, et tam eximite caritatis et compassionis, ut nullum permitteret pro posse suo contristari. Unde, cum mori debuisset, et offerretur ei liostia salutaris, vidit ostium in liostia, per quam intrare deberet, et sic cantans alta voce, " Salve, Re- " gina Misericordice," ^ apud Sarum feliciter obiit. In custodia WygorniBe, cui j^ra^fuit Frater de Leycestria, » mle, MS. 1225-50. 28 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. prrecipue viguit primitiva ' simplicitas ; nam et ipse, corpore quidem pusillus, sed corde magnanimus, summpe simplicitati semper studuifc, et plures simplices ad ordi- nem promovit. Tandem cum clamore valid o et lacri- mis sanctam et simplicem animam suam apud Wygor- niam Domino commendavit. In custodia Oxoniie, cui pr?efuit per xii. annos Frater Petrus, non sunt fratres usi pulvinaribus usque ad tempus Fratris Alberti ministri. XJnde cum diceret Frater Albertus in capitulo, quod fratres monticulos sibi indecenter fece- runt ad caput suum sublevandum, respondit custos quod satis scirent^ fratres esse carnales, nee oporteret eis hoc dicere. Sed nee pedulibus utebantur fratres, nisi infirmi vel debiles, et hoc de licentia. Accidit autem ut bonaj memorise Frater Walterus de Madele duos pedules inveniret, et cum iret ad matutinum cal- ciaret se. Stetit ergo in matutinis, ut sibi visum erat, sic ut melius se habens quam consueverat. Postea vero cum venisset ad lectum suum et quiesceret, visum fait ei quod transire debuit })er passum quendam periculosum inter Oxoniam et Gloverniam hoysahjz,^ ubi consueverunt esse prsedones, et cum descenderet in vallem profundam, accurrerunt clamantes ex utraque parte vice dicentes, " Occidite, occidite I" Territns ergo nimis dixit se esse Fratrem Minorem. At illi dixe- runt, " Mentiris ; non enim incedis discalciatus." At ille secundum consuetudinem credens se esse discal- ciatum, dixit, " Immo, discalciatus incedo :" cumque confinenter pedem protulisset, reperit se calciatum coram iis dictis soccis ; et prte nimia confiisione statim a somno solutus projecit soccos in mediam aream. ' //'(/, MS» I ' Boysalym, Besils-Logli, or ^ sciret ? | Btujleij, Bogley Wood ? DE ADYENTU JIINORUM. 20 COLLATIO VI T. J)g Ciipitido Vidifutorum. Factum est autem post lux^c ut luitterentur speciales A.D. visitatores in Angliam, qui causa visitationis capitula visftuti^" celel:)ra1jant. Primus autcm visitator Anglire fuit of tlie Frater Willelmus de Colvile senior, qui capitulum p',!o^,inco suum celebravit LondonisQ sub Fratre Angnello, ubi dominus W. Joymer capellam suis sumptibus redificavit, et tunc tcnqDoris introitum in eandem cum memorabili gloria celebravit. Post ha?c venit Frater Johannes Naverius/ qui tunc primo portavit expositionem Rcguliie secundum dominum Grcgorium Nonum ; qui Londoni;\?, et LeycestriiB, et Bristolliiie, similiter etiam fratres novicios in maxima multitudine sub Fratre Angnello visitationis gratia convocavit. Et quidem tam arcta exstitit tunc conscientia fratrum in asdiliciis construen- dis et pictaris liabendis^ ut propter fenestras capelljB in loco Glovernia3 maximam vim - constitueret, et propter pulpitum quod frater quidam depinxerat, sibi capu- cium auferret ; gardiano quoque loci idem fecit, quod picturas toleraverat. Tertius autem visitator venit a latere . generalis ministri Fratris Helite, sub Fratre Alberto, Frater Wygmundus Alemannus, vir valde fi\- mdsus in peritia juris et morum hon estate conspicuus, et domino Ottoni cardinali, qui tunc legatus erat in Anglia, familiarissimus. Hie tam districtam^ formam et tam exquisitam a ministro general! acceperat, et pr?eeipue ut excommunicati esseut de facto quicunque sibi quocunque modo celarent aliqua, vel dicta revela- ' The name is uncertain. I ^ discrctam, MS. - max"ui-y VI, MS. ! 30 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. rent, a qua sententia niillus absolvere posset nisi ipse, 1225-50. jnsiiper et omnes accusationes ad ministrum generalem clepoi'taret, quod tanta fuit vero conturbatio fratrum, qualis nunquam in Ordine fuerat. Convocatis enim fratribus Londonifie, Sutliamtonite, Glovernise, et Ox- onise, in multitudine nimia, et ultra modum id mo- rantibus per mutuas accusationes, item per suspiciones srecularium foris, intolerabilis subito per totam pro- vinciam tempestas orta est. Tandem, visitatione utcunque completa, statim celebratum est provinciale . capitulum Oxonire, et contra Fratrem Heliam unani- miter appellatum propter visitationem. Verum potes- tatem liabuit visitator, et in mandatis acceperat, ut alia qufiedam faceret, quaa cederent in notabile grava- men fratrum, Divertit ergo in provinciam Scotia^;, et convocato capitulo, voluit visitare. Fratres autem formaverunt appellationem suam, et formatam proposu- eruut, dicentes se esse auctoritate capituli generalis a ministro Hybernife visitatos, nee aliam visitationem se velle recipere. Ergo, omnibus turbatis, turbatus et ipse non modicum, rediit in Alemanniam, secum Labens Beriem 8ua3 visitationis. Frater autem W. de Esseby, quern visitandi gratia miserat in Hyberniam, omnibus neutiquam peractis, profectus est ad eum Coloniam. Igitur cum venissent fratres Romam, mox petiverunt ut fratres de ca^tero in suis locis visitarentur per capi- tulum generale, secundum quod se liabet constitutio de visitatoribus. Dixit vero Frater Arnulfus poeni- tentiarius Domino Pap?e, quod " si Diabolus fuisset " incarnatus, non invenissct subtiliorera et fortiorem " laqueum ad illaqueandas animas, qunm fuit ilia '' visitatio." In capitulo visitationis Fratris Willelmi dc Colvile, prnedicavit quidjim contra contractionem debitorum, et dixit quod " ita fuit de procuratoribus, sicut fuit de " quodam sacerdote, qui consuevit singulis annis facere " festum Sancti Nicliolai. Et ecce, contigit ut fieret DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 81 " ita pauper quod uou potuit consuetum convivium " celebrare, et instante ipso die, cum pulsaretur matu- " tinus, jacuit in lecto suo et cogitavit, pulsante " eampaua prima efc respondente, lo he fray ; Jo he " A^2/j Gt pulsante secunda et respondente A cvey ; A " crey ; et cum cogitaret unde solveret, pulsabant " amba3, et videbatiu' ei quod dicerent, Ke de un, he " de el; Ke de un, he de el." Et surgens fecit festum ex mutuo. Et approbatus fuit sermo a capitulo. In capitulo visitationis Fratris Wygredi accusatus fuit multipliciter sanctra memorise Frater Eustacius de Merc,^ tunc temporis gardianus [Oxonise], et per diem et dimidium exclusus a capitulo. A.lius autem qui- dam, de quo minus credebatur, statim fuit sanctifica- tiis ; et ait frater ille, " me miserabilem ! Ille " homo tam famosre sanctitatis, et tam probatse religi- '' onis, et precipuoe discretionis, ita visitatus est ; et " ego sic evasi ! Quis dabit de cetero quicquam de " judiciis hominum?" A.D. 1225-50. COLLATIO VIII. Divisio in Administrationes,- Tempore vero non medico post adventum fratrum in Division Angliam evoluto, demandatum est a ministro generali yjnee into Fratre Helia, ut provincia Anglicana divideretur in administra- ^ ° tious. ' Elsewhere spelt " Merh." ^ The fragment of the Cotton IMS. (Nero, A. ix.) commences with this chapter. But it is thus entitled, ' Collatio IX.' 32 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. ^•^- diias ; lit esset scilicet una Scotia:' et altera,' ut prius, Anolia3 nominata. Voluit eniin, ut dicebatiir, quod sicut Ordo Fratrum Pnedicatorum xii. habet priores provinciales in toto orbe, vice xii. Apostoloruni, sic et ipse sub se Laberet- Ixxii. ministros, vice Ixxii. disci pulorum. Factus est minister provincialis Sco- tia:^ Frater Henricus de Rercsby ; sed antequani cou- veniret'* ad ipsam obeundam, mortuus erat: suecessit io'itur'* ei Frater Johannes de Kethene,^ gardianus Londonife, qui omnia loca ultra Eboracum capi fecit ; in quibus plures utiles personas et lionestas ad ordi- nem recepit. Hie j^i^ecipuum zelum gerens in divino officio devotionis exemplar semetipsum exliibuit. Hie venerabilem ]:)atrem nostrum Fratrem Albertum in loco Leycestrii^ cum debita reverentia recepit, et ab eo fratribus exponi regulas Immiliter imploravit. Igi- tur cum per plures annos provinciam Scotiai proba- biliter rexisset, reconjuncta provincia Anglise, a minis- tro generali Fratre Alberto minister Hybernise creatus est. Ipse quoque, quod dignum meraoria duxi, in capitulo generali Januensi, bona3 memorise Fratri Wil- lelmo de Notingliam, ministro Angliie, una cum Fra- tre Gregorio de Bossellis, constanter astitit : ubi fere contra totum*^ capitulum generale causam feliciter ob- tinuit, ut privilegium indultum a Domino Pa})a de re- cipienda pecunia per procuratores penitus destrueretur; et expositio Reguke secundum dominum Innocentium, quantum ad ea in quibus laxior esset quam Grego- riana, suspenderetur. Ipse quoque verbum fecit pro reconciliatione Fratris Heiise inter omnes diffinitores generalis^ capituli, et obtinuit ut moneretur per fra- tres ut ad obedientiam Ecclcsise et Ordinis redire ' alia Anglio', Ebor. * haberet sub sc, Ebor. ' venissct, Ebor. * ergo, Ebor. * Ketenc, Ebor. Kechene, Leland. ^contra totum, fiVc, Ebor. ' (jciuruViS, om. Ebor. DE ADYENTU MIXOKUM. So 11(311 differret. Ipso preterea in pi-oiiioveiido studio tarn studiosLis enit, ut bibliam iiiiam glossatam tota- liter ParisiiLs enii facerefc, et in HyLcrniam deportari. Ipse postremo in consolandis fratrlbus tani sediilus crat, lit pluies ad euni in aliis provinciis desolati confugerent, et secuni ' prolicere ^•idol•entu^■. Qiium igitur circiter xx,- annos minister extitisset, in capi- tulo Metensi, in quo et Frater Willelmus minister Anglia) absolvebatur, absolutus est. Tempore^ Fratris Johannis mandavit Frater Helias lit fratres ipsi lavarent femoralia sua: laveriint ergo fratres administrationis Anglite, secundum quod man- datum fuerat; fratres aiitein administrationis Scotise rescriptum suiini expectaverunt. In absoliitione Fratris Heli^c provisum fuit iit tan- tum triginta du?e administrationes essent in Ordine, xvi. scilicet ultra montes et xvi. citra ;* quia scili- cet cum electio ministri generalis ad solos pertineat ministros et custodes, si^ tot essent voces in electione vel diffinitione, ciiin multitudo causa confusionis sit, vix expediri posset ad quod consensus ^ tot persona- ruui requireretur. A.T). ' sc^, Cott. - X., Ebor. ' In the margin of the Cotton MS. the yvovd Incidcns is appended to tliis and similar passages. * .rvii., Ebor. ^ ut si, Ebor. ^ conscnsum — rcquircnt, Cott, St TJIO]MAS DE ECCLESTON. COLLATIO IX.' De Mutatione Locorum et A.nvpliatione. A.D. 12-25-SO. Crescente indies numero fratrum, non potuerunt^ TheOwler sufRcere multitudini domus et arese, quae sufFecerant increases, paucitati ; prpeterea;'' per providentiam Dei, tales intra- banf* frequenter persons, quibiis videbatur, et jure, lionorificentius providendum. In nonnullis quoque locis il:a inconsiderate se collocaverat fratrum simplicitas, ut non areas ampliari, sed ex toto domos amoveri oporteret. Hinc factum est, ut, vivente adhuc bonje memorise Fratre Angnello, multa fieret tam domorum quam locorum anq^liatio. Verumtamen'' tantus^ erat zelator paupertatis, ut vix permitteret vel ampliari areas vel domos fedificari, nisi secundum quod exegit inevitabilis necessitas. Sic evidenter patuit in infir- maria Oxonite quam construi fecit ita humilem, ut altitude murorum altitudinem viri non multum ex- cederet ; et usque ad tempus Fratris Alberti domus ipsa diversorio careret. Similiter dormitorium Lon- donise persistente tecto immobili, muris lapideis, amoto luto, fecit stabiliri. Igitur sub Fratre Alberto mu- tatus est locus Nortliamtonse et similiter locus Wy- gornise et locus Herfordia?. Sub Fratre Haymone quoque in nonnullis locis facta est arearum ampliatio ; dixit enim quod " ma- " luit quod fratres haberent amplas areas et colerent "■ eas, ut liabere possent pulmentaria domi, quam ' Cvllaiiu X., in the Cotton MS. - polcrant, Ebor. ' proptcrea, Ebor., prcptcrca, Cott. ■^ transihant, Cott., but intrahant in marg. ^ verum, Cott. " tanfum, Ebor., tm, Cott., cor. in margin, tanhis. DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 85 " ab aliis ea mendicarent." Istud dixit occasion o A.D. ampliationis arete Giovernia3, quam piius ^ per t^iffi- TmihTe^'f nitionem Fratris Angnelli fratres pro magna parte building, mutilaverant, et postea cum magna difficiiltate a domino Tlioma de Berkeley per sagacitatem devo- tionis uxoris suae recuperaverunt. Sub Fratre Willelmo mutatus est locus Eboraci, et similiter locus Bris- tollise, necnon et locus do Brigewater :- sed et locus de Grimisby, locus et Oxonise sufficienter ampliatus. Verumtamen cum diceret ei quidam frater ex nimia familiaritate, (qui et dicebatur anima sua a nonnullis fratribus, quod et ipse, rnanu sua, inestimabili affectu, eidem desolato scribere digna- tus est,) quod accusaret eum apud ministrum gene- ralem, quod locus Londonia> non esset clausus : arden- tissimo zelo respondit, " Et ego respondebo general!, " quod non intravi Ordinem ut redificarem muros/' Eodem itaque zelo tectum ecclesias Londoniro fecit disponi, et incastraturas '"^ claustri jussit abradi. Dixit tamen dicto fratri familiari suo aliquando, '' quod " oporteret^ facere a3difieia aliquantuliim magna, ne " fratres futuri facerent nimis magna." Frater Robertus do Slaptun dixit milii, quod dum cssent fratres in quodam loco sibi rautuato, priusquam liaberent aream, visum fuit fratri gardiano quod Sanctus Franciscus veniret ad locum ; cui cum fra- tres occm'rissent, duxerunt eum in solarium, et sedit diu circumspiciens in silentio ; et mirantibus fratri- bus, dixit gardicxnus, " Pater, quid cogitas ? " Et dixit ei, " Circumspice domum ;" et circurapexit ; et ecce tota domus ex virgis, luto, et fimo lita ; ct dixit fratribus, " Tales deberent domus Fratrum " Minorum esse/' Et accepit gardianus aquam, et lavit sibi pedes, et osculatus est stigmata in pedibus ' P", Cott. ^ Brugewaltcr, Cott. ' inclastraturas, Ebor., inclastra- luras, Cott., /. corrected. ' opportuit, Cott. c 2 3G THOMAS DE ECC'LESTOX. A.l). ejus. Hnoc, ut puto, acciderunt ipsi Fratri Roberto. l2-2.)-j . Yjji autem et ego quendaia prredicatorem famosuui, qui fatebatur publice quod per solicitudinem quam liabiiit circa domos cuju.sdam loci construendas, auii- serat affectum prsedicandi et devotionem quam coii' sueverat habere. Frater quoque Johannes, visitator Ordinis Fratrum Pra^dicatorum in Anglia, dixit de Fratre Willielino dc Abingdon, quod antequam construeret domos Glovernias, incomparabilem haljuit gratiam praidi- candi ; quod nunquam talis et tarn gratiosus prte- dicator debuisset occupari circa sedificia ; quia in tan- tum, ut dicebat dictus Frater Johannes, per solici- tudinem procurationis ' vilem se reddidit, ut diceret ei dominus rex Anglian : " Frater Willielme, tu con- " suevisti tam spiritualiter loqui ; modo totum quod " loqueris est, Da, da, da." Et alias, cum blanditiis ageret apud eum, petens aliquid ab eo, vocavit eum idem princeps serpentem. Dominus quoque- Abbas de Certeseye dixit mihi quod cum quidam familiarissimus suus de Ordine Pra^dicatorum peteret ab eo ligna, dedit ei unum lig- num ; qui cum diceret, quod molestius sibi videretur propter unum solum lignum diu^ vexari, dedit ei aliud ; et cum diceret quod Deus Trinus erat, et idcirco tria dare deberet, respondit ei Abbas, " Per " Deum, qui unu^ est, modo non liabebis nisi unum " solum. " Quum Frater Henricus de Burforde fuit inductus Parisius, non fuerunt in conventu ipso nisi circiter triglnta fratres : et sedificabant tunc temporis locum qui nppellatur Valvert ; in quo domum longam et altam construxerant, qu?e multis fratribus videbatur esse contra statum paupertatis ordinis. Unde et ' om., Cott. I 3 illuc, Cott. "oni.,Ebor. | DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 87 Bealo Francisco supplicabant aliqui, ct pnucipue Frater Angnelkis,' ut cam dcstrueret. Et ecce, cuin Fratres earn ingredi debulssent, dispositioric divina nullus in ea extitit, cum usque ad tabulatum totuni tectum cum parietibus corruit. Inventi sunt quoque isti versus in loco scripti •} Gratia divina docuit praesente vuina Quod contentus homo sit brcviore domO. ct sic dimiserunt aream. AD. 1225-50. COLLATIO X. De Promollonc Lcdorum.^ Multiplicato loco, ubi prineiijale studium florebat iu 'i'''^"»" l"'"- , . ^ , . . . 11- • lectors at Angiia, et ubi universitas scholanum conveun-e con- Oxford, suevei-at, fecit Frater Angnellus scliolam satis ho- nestam redificari in loco fratrum, et impetravit a sauctse memorise magistro Roberto Groseteste ut lege- ret ibi fratribus. Sub quo inestimabiliter infra breve tempus, tam in concionibus quam praedicationi con- gruis subtilibiis moralitatibus, profecerunt."* Ipso igitur ab cathedra magisteriali in cathedram pontificalem pro- videntia divina translato, legit fratribus idem magis- ter Petrus, qui postmodum in episcopum in Scotia ' Angeles, Cott. * inventique 9itnt isti versus scrtpli in loco, Cott. » Collalio XI \ Icctorum. Cott. ' 2>r:>J'cccrant, Eboi". Dc promotiojtt 38 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A-^^- i)roniotus est. Cui successifc macjister Ilo2;erus de Wesliaiii,^ qni post decanus Lincolniensis ecclesise, et postea Coventrensis episcopus factus est. Similiter et magister Thomas Wallensis, cum laiidabiliter apud fratres in eodem loco legi.sset, in episcopum Sancti David in Wallia assumptus est.^ Hi ergo semper existentes in omnibus fratribus ftivorabiles facta eorum et famam plurimum per diversa loca promoverunt. Igitur usque adeo fama fratrum Anglite, et profectus in studio aliis etiam provinciis innotuit, ut minister generalis, Frater Helias, mitteret pro Fratre Philippo Walensi et Fratre Ada de Eboraco qui Lugduni lege- runt.° Fratrem quoquo Vincentium de Coventria Frater Albertus in adventu suo lectorem Londonii?e, germa- numque suum Fratvem Henricum Cantuarire lectorem constituit. Et sic paulatim per diversa loca positi sunt lectores ; Frater scilicet Willielmus de Leycestria, Herfordia3 ; Frater Gregorius de Bossellis, Leycestrise ; Frater Gilbertus de Cranfortb, Bristolli^ ; Frater Jo- hannes de Westun, Cantebrigipe ; Frater Adam de Marisco, Oxoniee. Et ita inundavit in provincia Anglicaua donum sapienti?e, ut ante absolution em Fratris Vv^. de Nothingham, essent in Anglia triginta lectores, qui solempniter disputabant, et tres vel qua- tuor, qui sine disputatione legebant. Assignaverat enim in Universitatibus, pro singulis locis, studentes, qui decedentibus vel amotis lectoribus succederent. Igitur, aliis omissis, de successione lectorum in Univer- sitatibus succincte dicamus. ^rUnT ^" ^^^^ ^^^^ inceperunt ut magistri, alii legerunt ut sity of Ox- baccalaurei.'* OxouiiTe legit primus fratrum Frater Adam ford.* ' Wescam, Cott. * Grostete, Bp. of Lincoln, from 12.3S to 1253. Weshani, Bp. of Coventry, from 1245 to 1256. Tho- mas Wallcnsis, Bp. of St. Davids, from 1248 to 1255. legerenl 9 bacularii, Ebol'., bachalarii, Cott. ^" Anno Doviini 3LCCV.VIII., added in the margin of the Cotton MS. DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 89 de Marisco, ut dixi. Seciindus Frater Rad. do Cole- A.D. bruge, qui a Parisiis, ubi prins laudabiliter rexerat 1225-50. (siqiiidem actu regens in Theologia intravit), Oxoniam, ut regeret, a generali ministro destinatus cst.^ Tertius fuit Frater Eustacius de Normaneville.^ Quartus fuit Frater Thomas de Eboraco. Quintus Frater Ricbardus Coruubiensis, qui eo tempore quo Frater Helias totum turbavit Ordinem, Parisius ingressus est, et in eadem turbatione, pendente appellatione, in Anglia constanter et devote professus, postea legit cursorie sententias Pa- risius, ubi magnus et admirabilis philosophus judi- catus est.^ Quidam lector egregius, qui mecum studuit Oxonire, consuevit semper in scliolis, magistro legente vel dis- putante, intendere aliis quam lectioni, utpote compila- tioni originalium. Et ecce, cum ipse factus fuisset lector, ita facti sunt ei indevoti auditores sui, ut diceret quod ita libenter clauderet cotidie librum suum et recederet sicut legeret ; et compunctus ait, " Justo Dei judicio nullus vult audire me, quia ego " nunquam volui aliquem doctorem audire/' Ipso prasterea, cum amicis sjecularibus nimis assidue comi- taret,* et occasione familiaritatis eorum fratribus, minus quam soleret, intenderet, exemjolo ceteris extitit, quod solum in silentio et quiete discuntui' verba sapientife ; quod et mandata Dei, sicut dicit sanctus, nisi quieta mens scrutari non potest. Postquam autem ad se conversus quieti studuit, ita excellenter profecit, ut diceret dominus Lincolniensis quod " lectionem quam " fecerat nescisset ipse fecisse." Unde postea cres- ' ubi et legit novicius existens^ added in Cott. - qui prills fticrat multiim noliilia et dives, magistcr artium et decre- torum, et cancellarius Oxonia, Cott. These additions are in a rather later hand. ^ Names to the 57th Master are added in a note in a more recent hand, in Cott. * Qcarct, Cott. 40 THOMAS DE ECCLESTOK. A.D. cente fania probitatis sua), ad partes Lumbardia3 a 122; -50. u^inistro geiierali vocatus, et in ipsa curia papse pro magno habitus extitit. Postremo autem apparente sibi Matre Dei, cui semper devotus extiterat, in extremis agenti, fugatis a se malignis spiritibus, feli- citer ad poenas purgatorias, sicut ipse postea cuidam sibi familiari revelavit, emigrare promeruit. Dixit enim se in purgatorio esse, et graviter pati in pedi- bus, quia nimis frequenter consuevit adire quandam religiosam matronam, causa consolandi cam, cum deberet lectionibus suis et aliis magis necessariis ' occupationibus intendere : petiit etiam ut faceret pro anima sua celebrari missas. Fecit igitur- sic per duos annos continue, et alia multa sufFragia superero- gavit. Itcaders at Isti vero legerunt Cantebrigiae, et non Oxonise : Cambridge, -p^.^^^^^. yi^pentius de Coventre, Frater Job. de Wes- ton,^ Frater Williebnus Pictavensis^ Frater Humfridus ; qui cum infirmaretur aliquando Cantebrigife, sicut ipse miln retulit, audivit vocem dicentem sibi, " Sentias " te lapidem." Igitur cum jaceret immotus sicut lapis, venerunt duo demones et sederunt ad sinistrara, et unus Ijonus angelus sedit ad dextram. Et inceperunt demones irritare eum calumniis; bonus vero angelus diu tacuit. Tandem dixerunt demones, " Quum sedeut " fratres in potationibus et garrulis, bora completorii, " tunc observamus eos ; quum recedunt, tunc halje- " mus alibi facere." Et dixit bonus angelus, *' Ecce, " quanta est malitia demonum ; volunt te ipso toedio " interficere, ne possis de csetero laudare nomen Crea- " toris tui." Confortatus ergo ex hoc incepit sudare, et sanus factus est. Frater Petrus minister Anglise dixit quod Frater Eiistachius de Normanvilla fuit majoris sedificationis ' Tor magis rccc.mtriix, Ebor. reads I - que, Cott. magnis vcgotiis. \ a ^Ycsfiln, Cott. DE ADVENTU MINORUM. il qiiam alii, quantum ad ingressuni Ordinis ; quia fuit nobilis et dives, et laudabiliter rexerat in artibus et decretis, et fuerat can eel la ri us Oxoniiv, et promptus ad incipiendum in ' Theologia. A.D. 1225-50. COLLATIO XI.- De Institutionc Confessorum. Fuerunt quoque ^ fratres plurinii, qui licet prasdica- Confessors tionis vel lectionis ofBcium non haberent, de gratis- oiyi't sitno liivore prselatorum, per obedientiam et ordina- tionem ministri provincialis in diversis locis confes- siones tarn religiosorum quara secularium audierunt. Inter quos prrecipuus erat Londonia3 Frater Salomon, qui tarn civium quam curialium generalis confessor extitit. Ab ipso, cum esset gardianus Londonia3 pobt languorera suum, ut ^upra dictum est, exegit sanctw mcmorire dominus Eogerus episcopus Londincnsis* canonicam obedientiam ; sed cum ex longa familiar- itatc sibi amicabiliter obsisteret, dilationem^'^ usque alias impetravit. In tanta siquidem reverentia domi- nus ille ordinem liabuit, ut singulis fratribus se salutantibus assurfjeret. Imtur Frater Anofnellus'' liao occasione statini misit ad curiam, et decretalem, quaj dicitur Nimis iniqua, pro fratribus fieri impetravit. ' tlr, Cott. ; -where the order of the last two paragraphs is reversed. '■* CoUatio l?". De institutionc cwifcssoriim, Cott. ' ctiam, Ebor. * Roger Niger, Bp. of London, from 1229 to 1241. ^ (lilatox. Cott. ° A(jncUu^, Cott. et semper. 42 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. Floruit quoque in officio confessionis bonte memoriae i22a-50. j^j-ater Mam-icius de Derham, qui cum invenisset Coniessors _ _ '•■•__ of the quendam puerum diutius desperabili languore tabes- ^^' centem, audita confessione sua, injunxit ei ut per singulos dies diceret tria Ave Maria, et peteret ut Beata Virgo impetraret sibi sanitatem, ut posset esse Frater Minor. Et cum sic faceret ad plenum, deinceps curatus est. Cum igitur circiter xvi.^ annos liaberet, fecit eum obligari, et quasi fratrem usque ad legiti- mam ?etatem inter fratres conversari ; qua completa, sine dilatione sub Fratre Ano-nello indutus est. Floruit quoque Glovernise Frater Vincentius de Wygornia, pater totius provincice; qui tant?e absti- nentise tantique rigoris in se, et tantas suavitatis et socialitatis erat ad subditos, ut sicut augelus ab omnibus amaretur ; unde ob morum gravitatem et prfficipuam prudentiam postea ad praBdicationis offi- cium et domini Coventrensis episcopi Rogeri confessor effectus.^ Floruit quoque apud Lenniam famosissimse sancti- tatis vir, Frater Galfridus de Saresburia, qui in austeritate vitjE se alterum, si dici potest, Francis- cum exliibuit, in conformitate virtutis et suavitatis ac simplicitatis gi-atia, secundum Antonium. Tantre vero pietatis fuit ct compassionis in confessionibus audiendis, ut ubi non videret confitentes congrua signa compunctionis ostendere, ipse eos potius ad tletum suis fletibus et singultibus commoveret ; sicut de viro nobili domino Alexandro de Bissinburne^ con- tigit ; quia cum sibi coniiteretur quasi narrando quan- dam narrationem, Hens amarissime frater ipsum flere coegit, et ad propositum intrandi Minorum Ordinem suis meritis et salutaribus consiliis provexit. In quo ' .TV,, Cott. ' Eoger "VVesham ? See p. 38, ^ So, f. 79b.; but Bissinybia'nc, in Cotton JIS., f. 83 a., where this passage is repeated. DE ADVENTU MINOUUM. 43 proposito sanctissimc niortuus est. Apparuit aiitein postea ftxmiliari suo fratri Jolianiil do Stanford, et quiorenti quomodo sibi esset, respoiidit, La meye alme le fct cum creature que est oheysant a sun Creatur ; et reiiose est cell he la fit par ducsor} Instruxit qiioque eum de fide sacramcnti Eiichari.stia) tarn sublimitcr et tarn subtiliter ut nidli inortali fuisset modus ille possibilis. Floruit etiam apud Oxoniam bona3 memoriaD Frater Eustacius de Merc,- qui postea gardianus loci et pos- tremo custos Eboraci factus est. Qui consuevit narrare quod Sanctus Lanfrancus volens iiigredi religionem, cum esset maximus theologus, iivluit liabitum fratrum et perrexit per abbatliias ad probandum statum mona- cliorum. Et veuit et percussit ostium chori cum pila sua, et cum videret monachos propter hoc respicere ad ostium et ridere, dixit, " Non est hie Deus." Et cum pervenisset ad Bek Harlewine, et nullus mona- chorum percutientem attenderet, intravit illuc in habi- tum conversi. Et cum cclcbraret Nicholaus papa con- cilium contra Berengarium, obtinuit licentiam euudi cum abbate suo, et ibi cum oranes consternareiitur sui^er dictis h?eretici, petita audientia, dissolvit dilucide rationes suas, in tantum ut diceret Berengarius, " Aut " tu es Lanfrancus,-" aut tu es Diabolus." Et sic cog- nitus est a concilio. AJ). 1225-50. ' So, fol. 79 b. ; ohcysaunt a soiln Crcatour, e repose c cehj he la fist par dii cour, Cott, f. 83 b. — 3Ti/ soul is as a creature that has re- signed itself to its Creator ; and happy is he that has done so icitli his ichole heart. = dc Mort, Cott. 79b.; but de Merc, f. 83 b. See p. 31. ' So corrected; originally Bcrcn- (jarius. 44 TttOMAS DE ECCLESTON. COLLATIO XII. Dc Successione Ministrmmm Generalium} 1225-50. Primus autem minister generalis post B. Franciscum Account of f^^jj J. ]?i.ater Helias, qui fuerat scriptor Bononiae. Cui the jMinis- . ^ ^ tcrs Gene- successit Frater Johannes Parens de Florentia,^ minis - Q.f. ter Hispanipe, vir sapiens et religiosus, et summi 1. rigoris. Quo per fautores Fratris Helia3 absoluto, AY) i2''^7 iterum factus est Generalis Frater Helias. In capitulo 2. siquidem, in quo facta est translatio Sancti Francisci, ncs Parens volueruiit ipsi quos ad capitulum concesserat venire Frater Helias ; nam omnes concessit illuc venire qui vellent contra ministros provinciales ipsum fecisse Generalem. Unde et acceptum a cella sua portaverunt cum raanibus ad ostium capituli, et fracto ostio volu- erunt eum collocare in loco ministri generalis. Quod videns Generalis Frater Johannes coram toto capitulo A.D. 12.3C. se imdavit; et sic demum confusi post maximam tur- bationera cessaverunt. Nam nee Sanctum Antoiiium audire voluerunt, nee aliquem ministruin provincialem. Credidit autem populus quod esset diseordia quia coi'ijus , Sancti Francisci, tertia die antequam fratres convenis- sent, translatum erat. Quinque^ vero milites novicii, qui sederunt in capitulo et omnia vid(?runt, flentes dix- eiunt quod " ad magnum bonum Ordinis provcniret'* " ilia turbatio, quia Ordo nullum posset iiiordinatum " tencre." Et sic accidit quod omnes illi turbatorcs ad agendam penitentiara per^ diversas provincias missi sunt. ' CoUatio tcrlia dcclrna de siicces- fivne minislrvruin gcncralium, Cott. * dc Flor., om. Ebor. ' Qiiatiior, Ebor. ■* pcrvcnirct, Ebor* ' in, YA or. DE ADVENTU MINORTTM. 45 Frater vero Helias, divertcns aJ (|uuui, Cott. 60 THOMAS DE ECCLESTOIf. A.D. YQ^^i gr^ij^ ijj mao^na veneratione. Post mortem ergo 1225-50. suam non potiierunt differre, sed fregerunt earn, et non invenerunt nisi chartain unam, continentem scili- cet: "Frater Steplianus, fimdator Ordinis Grandis " Montis, salutat fratres siios, et supplicat ut obser- " vent se a sa^ciilaribus. Quia siciit vos, diim nes- " ciebatis quid erat in cista, liabuistis eam in honore, " sic et ipsi vos." Frater Albertus fuit Osoni?e in prsedicatione cujus- dam juvenis fratris ; et cum audacter damnaret fedi- ficiorum sublimitatem, et alimentorum abundantiam, corripuit eum propter vanam gloriam. Frater Ada de Marisco narravit quod puer quidam nimis delicatus cum infirmaretur, et rogaret eum pater suus ut pro amore suo comederet, sicTit fuit suus filius carissimus ; respondit quod non fuit suus filius. Similiter etiam respondit matri suaj cum ipsum in eadem forma fortiter rogaret. Cumque qurereretur cujus esset filius si non erat suus, i-espondit indig- nanter et proterve, " Ego sum filius mei ipsius." Sic est de his, qui sunt proprii sensus et voluntatis. Frater Haymo, cum esset provincialis Minister Anglife, dixit quod quidam fluctus percusserunt Ordi- nem, quum fratres fecerunt dedicari in areis suis cantarias et altaria, quod scilicet non possunt post converti in usus prophanos. Tantus enim zelator pau- pertatis erat, ut in provinciali capitulo in liabitu vilis- simo et scisso sederet cum extremis in I'efectorio ad terram.' Of this paragraph the Cotton MS. omits the first sentence. DE ADVEXTII MINOlUT^l. Gl COLLATIO XIV. De Sinrltuall Profectu quorundmn FTatvum} Postremo, memoriic commendanduni credo, quod Anecdotes adhuc viventibvis plurimis, per quos plaiitata fuit Order, viiiea Minoruni in provincia Anglicanaj et in ipsa et in aliis provinciis propagines sute creverunt in tantum quod ad diversas dignitates et ofRcia tarn in Ordine quani extra fratres proficerent, et ipsi pree- cipue qui amplius ,se humiliaverant. Nam Frater Nicholaus, qui cum iaicus asset literas didicit in An- glia, postea confessor domini Papse Innocentii IV., et postea episcopus Assisii factus est.- Quidam quoque puer tenerrimus, qui cum laicus receptus est, et pos- tea gloriosa Virgine sibi apparente, et digitum suum in OS suum ponente, in signum pnedicationis et lec- tionis, non solum pnedicator et lector egregius, sed etiam in regimine Ordinis prax-ipuus habitus est. Quis autem enumerare suffieeret quam singulariter profece- vunt, qui in principio adventus frutrum singulari fervore intraverunt ? Et cum essent boni bachelarii et genere nobiles caparonem probationis pnecaverunt, et postea plures in pra^dicationis sen lectionis officio et Ordinis regimine tarn strenue tamqu^ laudabiliter se gesserunt, Frater Eustacius de Merc primo diu gardianus Oxonise, postea custos Eboraci, usque ad mortem consuetvim modum abstincntiae, vigiliarum, et cor- poralis exercitationis in seipso, ad alios autem an- gelici aflectus suavitatem semper habuit ; moriens ' CoUatio XIV^. De speciali pro- I '-' The rest of the York MS. now Jecfu qiiorundam fratrum. Cott. | becomes illegible from damp. 62 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. quoque Matrem Misericordiso frequenter in hcec verba medullitus allocutus est : '' Per tuum, Virgo, Filium, " per Patrem, per Paraclitiim, assis prsesens ad obi- " turn nieum et summum exitum." Frater Robertus de Tornam, primo gardianus Len- nise, postea per niultos annos cnstos CantabrigicTe, pos- tremo ineffabili fervore, impetrata licentia profieiscendi cum crucesignatis in Terrani Sanctam, cum tamen in- eomparabilem tarn stecularium quam fratrum in officio gravi adquisisset, tantas nobilis suse salvationis in morte signa monstravit, ut de salute sua nullus fidelis ambigere debeat. Frater Stephanus de Belase, primo gardianus Len- niae, postea custos Herfordia3, tantte fuit dulcedinis tantreque perfectionis, ut etiam lachrymis zelum cordis sui testaretur, cum videret quod rigor religionis laxa- retur. Unde nimio desiderio quietis ab omni absolutus officio, habuit fructum suum in sanctificationem, et finem vero vitam reternam. Frater Will. Coche, qui cum fortissimus robore foret, per prsematuros labores custodies Londinensis et curas alias penitus exinanitus est. Ab activa tandem ad contemplativam se transtulit, et plenus operibus in pace quievit. Frater Augustinus bona3 memorioB Fratris W. de Notingham germanus, primo domini Innocentii Papce IV. familiaris, postea cum nej)ote ejusdem domini Patriarclia Antiocheno in Syriam profectus, postremo episcopus Laodicere factus est. Hie retulit publice in conventu Londonire se fuisse apud Assisium in festo S. Francisci, et fuit ibi papa Gregorius, et cum procederet ad prredicandum cantabant fratres, Huno Sandus ]}rceelegerat ; et subrisit papa. Narravit autem papa in ilia prsedicatione qualiter apud Vene- tias duo ha?resiarclia3 conversi sunt, et missi ad ipsum cum litteris cardinalium, qui ibi erant legati, con- tinentibus quod ambo illi hrcretici una nocte eadem bora viderunt Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 03 quasi in forma judicii sedere cum apostolis suis, et omnibus ordinibus qui sunt in mundo ; sed Fratres Minores nusquam viderunt ibi, nee Sanctum Francis- cum, quem quidam legatorum in prredicatione dixerat Sancto Johanni Evangelistai in stigmatum collatione prselatum. Viderunt autem ipsum Dominum Jesum reclinantem so in gremio Sancti Joliannis et ipsum se vicissim in suo. Cumque pro certo erederent hoc sibi ad confirmationem sua) opinionis ostensum, siqui- dem blasphemasse putabant legatum, et inde graviter scandalizabantur et prtedicationi detrahebant ; ecce, dulcis Jesus aperuit manibus propriis ejus vulnus lateris sui, et apparuit S. Franciscus intra pectus suum apertissime ; et clausit dulcis Jesus vubius et ipsum totaliter inclusit interius. Igitur experge- facti hmretici in crastino sibi invicem obviassent ; narraverunt sibi mutuo visionem, et cardinalibus pub- lice confessi, ad papam, ut dictum est, missi sunt, et ab ipso plene reconciliati.' Post prajdicationem vero venerunt novi milites ad papam, et ipse singulis sertum de floribus imposuit ; et inde inolevit consuetudo ut omnes qui debent milites fieri in festo illo arma recipiant. In illo festo papa celebravit extra ecclesiam super tabulam sub divo, quia non potuit esse in ecclesia prse multitudine P'^P^li- . Peter of Frater Petrus de Theukesbury, minister Alemannia?, Tewks- contra regem et legatum et plures falsos fratres, fj^e^^io^f cooperante gratia Dei statum Ordinis defendit, in Bp. Gros- tete. ' In raarg. : " O vehementer obli- gatos ! O beneficiis dulciter ohrutos ! O immensa dignatione dignificatos ! Qui tot et talium personarum, priinl- tias spirttus habeiitiiim, j^otiierunt consilils dirigi in dubiis,' consolati- onibus refoveri in trintibus, exempUs provocari in gravibus. O ineffabilis gratia! O incomparabilis prarogn- tiva ! O ^dulcedinis inexhausta sua- vissima viscera, tantorum familiari- fate p , (sic) tarn sper.tabiliuni speciali affectu in prasenli pcre- grinatione jocundari, tot famosorum gratia commendari .'" G4 THOMAft DE ECCLESTOX. tantum, ut usque in plures provincias fama facti perveniret, et zelus veritatis invincibiliter probatus est. Ipse special! dilectione doinini Lincolniie' ditari meruit ; a quo plura secreta sapientioe frequenter Anecdotes audivit. Dixit enim ei aliquando, quod nisi fratres ot ]ip, foverent studium et stvidiose vacarent lef>i divinte, Grostete. . . i i • pro certo similiter contmgeret de nobis, sicut de aliis religiosis, quos videmus in tenebris ignorantire, proli dolor ! ambulare. Item dixit Fratri Joli. de Dya, quod provideret sibi sex vel septem idoneos clericos de partibus suis, ([uos posset beneficiare in ecclesia sua ; qui scilicet quamvis nescirent Angiicum, exemplo pn^- dicarent. Unde constat quod noii recusavit eos quos Papa instituit et nepotes cardinalium, quia nescie- bant linguam Anglicanam, sed quia non (|ua3)'ebant nisi temporalia. Unde cum diceret ei advocatus in curia, " Canones lioc voluiit," re.spondit, " Iino. canes " hoc volunt." Surrexit et coufessus est Anglice, flexis genibus, coram personis praesentatis sibi a cardinali- bus, et tundebat pectus suum cum fletu et ejulatu, et sic confusi recesserunt. Pmeterea cum qua.^reret camerarius Domini Papte mille libras, in quibus- visitaverat curiam, volens ut acciperet eas a mercatoribus, respondit quod '■ noluit dare eis occasionem peccandi mortaliter ; " sed si sospes veniret in Angliam. deponeret eas " in templo Londonise, alioquin nunquam haberet " obolum." Prseterea dixit fratri prredicatori, '' Tria " sunt necessaria ad salutem temporalem, cibus, " somnus, et jocus." Item injunxit cuidam fratri melancholico, ut biberet calicem plenum optiino vino pro penitentia, et cum ebibisset liect invitissime, dixit ei, " Frater carissime, si haberes frequenter Grostete. | " r^,',"-n„.. teinpuris actum legciis apud fratrcs miuores Oxoniiu ''a'"- ])v;LHlica.sset in capitulo fratrum dc paupcrtate, et mcn- dicitatem posuisset in scala paupertatis pioximum gradum ad amplexum ccelcstium, seorsum tamen dixit ei, (piod adluic fuit gradus Sancti Evangelii devotissime recolebat; unde et super uiium ex qiiatuor Clementinis canones perutiles com- pilavit, et exjjositionem qiiam idem Clemens fecit complete scribi in ordine prociiravit. In medita- tione post matutinum prtecipue diutissime sedit, nee confessionibus nee consiliis de nocte, sicnt prsedeces- sores sui fecerant, intendere voluit. Dixit etiam qaod sicut pejus est dare falsam regulani in faciendo qiilcquam quam male facere, sic pejores sunt pravse sentcntite circa facta ordinis quam imperfecta opera. Difiicillime credidit cujusquam relationi nisi vellet coram pluribus dicere id quod denunciaret, et super omnia suspicionis vitium vitare curavit, Familiari- tates magnatum et mulierum maximo studio declina- vit, et etiam inirabili magnanimitate iras potentium pro justitia parvipendit. Dixit autem aliquando quod magnates sibi familiares suis consiliis illaqueant, et mulieres utpote mendaces et malitioste suis blanditiis etiam devotos dementant. Difnimatorum famam re- formare dummodo eos poenitere perpenderet, omni diligentia studuit, et desolatorum corda confortare, prpecipue in officiis ordinis existentium, summa saga- citate curavit. Igitur postquam circiter novem annos provinciam Angiias rexerat in capitulo Metensi absolutus est, et ex parte capituli generalis missus ad papam. Sed cum pervenisset cum Ministro generali Januam, et socius suus Frater Ricardus percussus fuisset pes- tilcntia quoD supervenit, fugientibus aliis, propter solatium socii sui remansit, et similiter cum eo per- cussus est et mortuus. Fratres autem Anglise, audito quod absolutus erat, et ignorautes ejus decessum, con- vocato provinciali capitulo reelegerunt eum. Quod cum Generalis minister audisset potius motu affec- tionis quam judicio rationis factum, convocato iterum per vicarium, scilicet Fratrem Grcgorium de Bosellis, capitulo, mandavlt ne alias absolutum per gencrale DE ADVENTU MINOKUM. 71 capitulum reeligerent ; conlii'iuaiionem tamen electi demandavit Fratri Jolianni da Ketene, Fratri AdjB de Marisco, et Fratri Jolianni de Stamfordia. Electus est autem Frater Petrus de Teukesbiuy et ibidem coufirmatus. ^ In absolutione Fratris Helipo qua^situin fuit a Papa Gregorio si posset tunc iteriim eligi, et respondit papa quod non.^ Cum velleut quidam fratres quod nullo modo con- William of tralierentur debita, dixit Frater Willielmus mihi quod iian"'"^' non debuerunt fratres obligare se aliquo modo ad solutionem, neo tempus certum prtefigere solutionis, sed poterant licite obligare suam solicitudinem quod operam fidelem darent ut fieret solutio. Dixit etiani quod in centum casibus possent fratres licite contra- il ere debita. Dixit quoque quod non peccaret frater si per manum suam dispensaret pecuniam alienam in eleemosyna, Dixit insuper quod oportuit eum post visitationein ludere parum ut averteret memoriam ab auditis. Ipse dixit mihi quod suscitaret dulcis Jesus Ordinem novum ad excitationem nostram, quod puto iinpletum in Ordine de Poenitentia Jesu Cliristi. Nam fratres de Ordine Sancti Augustini prius fratribus recom- mendaverat in capitulo Stamfordiie ; fratres quoque de Ordine de Carmelo, quos dominus Ricardus de Grey in Angliam duxit, cvuii rediret comes Ricardus a Syria, in familiaritatem frati'um nostroruin ubique diu ante receperat. Fratres autem de ordine Trinitatis, quos m agister theologus Johannes, apparente sibi Christo Jesu, cum celebraret, jorpesente episcopo Parisiensi et clero sub Innocentio III. divinitus in- stituit, diu ante venerunt in Angliam.~ Frater Willielmus dixit quod cum diutius moraretur in conventu Rompe et fratres null am pitantiam liabe- ' In Cott., placed loWer down. ! Carmelites, 1250 ; Augustinians, - Trinitarians in England, 1224 ; I 1254; Friars of the Sac, 1257. 72 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. rent, nisi castaneas, ita impingiiatiis est ut pliirimnm erubesceret. Prteterea dixit niihi quod cum nutriretiir in domo patris sui, et venirent plurimi paviperes pre- cantes elemosynas, dedit eis de pane suo, et accepit frustum ab eis, quia videbatur ei quod suavior I'uit panis durus, qui petel^atur pro amore Dei quam deli- catus quo ipse vescebatur et sodales sui, unde ut suum tam suavem fecerent, ibant pueruli et petebant ab invicem pro amore Dei. Fj-ater Petrus recepit primo fratres de Pcenitentia Jesu Cliristi, et recommendavit in capitulo Londo- nensi ; qui in provincia tempore concilii Lugdunensis ortum liabuerunt, per quemdam novicium qui expulsus erat, Tertio anno administrationis Fratris Petri vene- runt fratres de Ordine Martyrum in Angliam, quorum fundator erat quidam Martinus, qui fuerat Parisius quasi fatuus nobilium Alemannioe.' ' It is very difRcult to determine in ■what order the narrator intended to arrange these concluding anecdotes. Tliegreatcr part of them are derived from the margin of the Cotton MS., but there are no notes to show ■whether, or where, they were to be inserted in the text. About a page here, not found in the Cotton MS., is unintelligible in the York MS. It ends with these words : panpcrtas sine pccnnia et patientiu sine ccn- tumclia tertiumque (?) multum fre- qucntior est orcttio sine dcvotionc. ADAMI DE MARISCO EPISTOLi^. ( 77 ) EPTSTOL/E FRATRIS AD^ DE MARISCO DE ORDINE IIINORUM. I. lieverendisshno in Christo j'Xii'i'i ct domino B.,^ Dei gratia Canluavice Arcldepiscopo, Frater Ada de- vothsbnam suhjecti famidatas ohedlentiam. Non t.'im in facto- carissiniuin fratrem Gregoiium de An ex- Boscllis"' continojeute, qiuim in omnibus qu?c facienda '^°'^'?^'°° .... on his ad- censuerit dignissinia praelationis vei^trfB dominatio, ex- vancemeut. cellentife vestrre siippliciter oLnoxius Minister frafcruni in Anglia, et universi quos eidem subjecit professio regularis, secundum quod requirit rcctfe rationis justa necessitas, jugi vigilantia, promptam parendi gerunt in Domino voluntatem. Croterum clementissiuia3 sub- limltatis vestra) dignationi, etsi non quantis volo, cum quantls tamcn valeo assurgo gratiarum actionibus, })ro eo quod insufficientiam modicitatis mae vestrre majestatis eminentia propensiori gratia j)rosequi non d Licit indignum,. proiit ex beneficiis, sermonibus, et ' Boniface, Abp. of Canterbury. The Queen's uncle, a courtier, but | ' f^o ? ]\IS. no scholar. Chron. Laner. ad an. 1242. lie was consecrated 1245, | ' ^e- Eccleston, p. 3-.>. enthroned 1249, died 1270. 78 ABM DE MARISCO litteris (sifc liberalitati vestra) sempiterna retributio) luculeuter insinuatur. The re- Liberet si liceret occasioiiem salutarem salutis ofhisoffici clispensatori, quanquam imperito sermone, tamen affectione sollicita, in tantis salutarium cavisarum cogentiis qualitercimque subinclucere. Seel quid ? Con- ceptum sermonem quis tenero poterit ? Sit Altis- sirao Salvatori siiperexaltata benedictia, qui salvandis animabus contra tarn nexaria ]:)ericulosoruni tempo- rum facinora ad metropolitanam tantne. sedis celsi- tudinem sublimavit archiprtesulem, quern et dignitas inclyti generis et pii pectoris humilitas, innocen- tise placida suavitas et sedulitas serena benevolen- tia?, sobrietatis decor eximius et insigne decus casti- tatis, rectitudinis asmulatio et detestatio pravitatis, titulis clarissimis insignire conspiciuntur. Igitur quam luo-endum fore constabit cunctis steculis si non tarn fulgens lucerna in tam spectabile candelabrum culminis ecclesiastici divinitus collocata, et valida vir- tute, et splendida discretione, et fervida dilectiono, luceat omnibus qui in domo Dei sunt. Quod dumtaxat fieri valebit divinitate propitia, si specialis ille sacer- dotum ^emulator cum effectu audiatur, qui primatem pontificum alloquens ait : " De cnatero oportere te esse, " considera, formam justitifie, sanctimoniaj speculum, *' pietatis exemplar, assertorem veritatis, iidei defen- " sorcm, doctorem gentium, amicum sponsi, sponsoe " paranympbum, cleri ordinatorem, pleburn pasto- " rem, magistrum insipientium, refugium oppressorum, '- pauperum advocatum, miserorum spem, tutorem " pupillorum, judicem viduarum, oculum cfecorum, " linguam mutorum, baculum Kenum, ultorem scele- " rum, malorum metum, bonorum gloriam, virgam " potentium, regis patrem, sal terra:>, omnibus lumen, " sacerdotem Altissimi, vicarium Cbristi, Christum " Domini." Sed numquid 1i Sic, MS. 82 ADiE DE MARISCO qu£e dicit : " Quod lirec sola est rectoribus animarum " reddenda ratio lit illorum singulus quisque ante " tribunal judiciarito majestatis dicere valeat confi- " ' denter ; ' Domine, tu scis quia flevi cum dicerem, " ' et non audirer ; tu scis qu£e dixi virtutes annun- " 'tiando; tu scis quod non tacui vitia redarguendo ; " ' tu scis quia flevi cum dicerem et non audirer, in " ' carnis maceratione, in cordis compunctione, cum luc- " ' tuosa sanctarum precum jugitate, me ipsum lios- " ' tiam, vivam, sanctam, Deo placentem, pro ipsis " ' offerendo.' " Vereor me piissimis auribus sermones importunos in- gessisse ; sed obsecro benigna ignoscat dominatio quod devota prfiesumpsit affectio, Conservetur beatitudinis vestrse desiderabilis inco- lumitas in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. 11. Reverendissimo vlro Cantuarice Archiejnscopo Frater Ada. Commends Etsi revcrendse dominationis consideratio modicita- to him the t,em meam ab interpellando revocasset, eandem tamen Bp. of aniraavit ad interpellandum benignas paternitatis cle- Worcester. jj^entia. Proinde cum in necessitatibus ecclesiasticis, velut ad singulare refugium, ad vestrre pietatis pa- trocinium recurrendum fore dignoscatur, ubi virtutis auctoritate reprimuntur violenti, veritatis consilio refelluntur fraudulenti, pietatis zelo confunduntur maligni ; venerabilem patrem dominum Wigorniae ^ quern multimoda meritorum eminentia non mediocriter reddit commendabilem, ob periclitantes ecclesite suso ' Probably the noble-minded Walter de Cantiloup, Bishop of Worcester, A.D. 1237-126G ; and like the Avrlter a partizan of De Montfort. EPISTOL^. 83 libertates, ad sanctum fervorem providentias vestroD accedentem, cum omnimodis ^ humilium precum in- stantiis, reverentise vestrae rogo sanctitatem, ut ne- gotii seriem, quam memorati domini nuncius, si ves- tro sederit beneplacito, vobis viva voce manifestabit, quatenus nec a veritate receditur et proceditur secun- dum justitiam, propensiori gratia prosequi non ducatis indignum. Conservet Dominus vestrne' beatitudinis incohnni- tatem ecclesii;ie sutB sanctse^ per tempera longiora, in Christo et beatissima Virsine. III. Domino B. Cantuaricc Archiepiscopo F rater Ada. Licet inexplicabiles pavendiio difficultatis obsistentias, Promises quas melius putavi silentio reprimendas quam expri- thj"convo- mendas eloquio, milii secundum utrumque hominem cation at 1 . . T , , . .... London, obvenire considerem, tamen ruptis omnium importuni- tatum repagulis, vita coraite, secundum cogentem domi- nationis vestrse jussionem, personalem exilitatis mcfe pra^sentiam in congregatione pontificum Londini, ad festum beati Hilarii, sicut fuerit propitia divinitas, exhibere curabo. Nempe plus expedire conjicio, per- pensis rerum gravium circumstantiis, ut prius collocu- tionis opportune tractatum familiarem liabeam cum aliquibus preesulum, quam vestra) celsitudini humili- tatem meam repra^sentem. Acceleraturus tamen quan- tum valuero modo competenti. Conservetur dignitatis vestrre sospes incolumitas ecclesise sanct^ per tempora diutina in Cliristo ct beatissima Virg-ine. omriimoda, M.S. F 2 Si AD.E DE MAPvISCO IV. Doiiihio B. Cantuarue Avcliiepiscopo Fraler Ada swppl'iccm devotissimi famulatus ohedientiam. Eecom- Licet pacificam celsitiidinis vestn-e clementiam, atque mends to , . . . ..■,,. i i • t liis notice etuim vocis vivoi vigilantiaui, super optabili paeis re- tlie suit of formatione inter pnecellentem doniinum A.^ Wintoiiia3 the I3p. of . ,.,.-, , . Winches- episcopum et venerabnein ejusdem ecc!esia3 conventuiii, ter and his pQ^. i)rovisivani pietatis vestra) celsitudinein, ipso convent. ^ ^ , .^ ., . . . aiictore qui paciiicavit per sanguinem crucis sure, sive qua? in coelis sive qure in terris. consumnianda di^•i- nitus, iinprimc- intiu'pellaverini ; tanien non tarn ex indesinenti nieniorata? reconciliationis desiderio, quani ex sedula carissimre necessitudiiii.s inslantia, sicut fieri assolet in affectualibns causarum optabilium flagrantiis,^ in id ipsuni officio lingua? litter?e ministerium adjicio, apud benignam paternitatis vestroe disertitudineni ac- cumulans velut importunam precis replicatne frequen- tiam, cujus* audientiam et excitat simul et animat diffidentia displicendi pari ter et impetrandi coniidentia, quas milii prtestitit gratiosa sublimitatis vestra? bene- volentia. Cui sit ore superexuberaus coelestis gratiix? retributio, Concedat vobis Altissimus ad quietandas partiuni prsefatarum dissensiones, et in omnibus sahitis 0]ie- randcB negotiis, virtutem invincil>ilem, sensiun inf'al- libileni, zelura irremissibileni, constantiam infatififa- bilem, ecclesiiie suiB sanctre per tempora longiora. In Christo, etc. ' Adomarus. Of whom see JIat. Taris, ad A.D. 1250. Elected li.'jO, died 12G0. 2 Sic. 'Jragranciis, MS. ' c', MS. EPISTOL/E. 85 V. Doialno B. Cantaarko Archiephicopo Fro.ter A(hc obediodialcm faiuuUdus nuppllclsaliini p^'Ohiptl- tudinem, cum gratia, devotione pariter ct honore perenni. Cum nuper vir venerabilis dominus A.^ quondain Bens Uo Abbas Oseiiii, fine feliciori dieiu clausgrit extremum, ^^\ '"*>'!"* ' _ ' cede with ad afFectuosam Prioris et conventus loci ejusdem the King instantiam, praesentem pietati vestr?e petitionem porri- n^p^ks^of gere consensi ; liumillime supplicationis obsecrans inter (Jseney ventum, quatenus de pvovisiva clenientissimte p^terni • "^ ^^^^^ tatis benevolentia, memoratis filiis vestris, tjuos et coelestis conversatio et communicatio liberalis ab insti- tutione nionasterii sui priniaria, cum jugi prtBconialis famse clavitate, tani Deo quam hominibus reddit accep- tabiles, apud regiam majestatem gratiam propensiorem inipetrare velitis ; ut ipsis eligendi sibi pastorem sine difficultate concedatiir, .et secimdum providentiani regfalem, auctoritas alicui committatur in Ann;lia com- moranti, vice domini regis ndmittendi electuni ; lie pi'olixior ecclesias pmefatre viduatio damnum irrepara- bile pariat animabus, et etiam ingerat viris, placida religione probatis, iiitolera.bilia dctrimentoruin tempo- ralium discrimina. Conservet Altissinius desideratissimaui bcatitu- diiiis, fee. ' Aciam de Berners, Canon of I granted, Aug. 4, 1254, to James Oseney, Abbot by royal assent, | Fresell, by Kichard Earl of Corn- June 14, 1249 (Pat. Boll. 33 Hen. wall (lb. 38. m. 2.), the King being III. m. 5.) Custody of the Abbey ! in Gascony from Aug. 26, 12.33-4; 80 AD.E DE MARISCO VI. vents tlieir uicctin Domino 0. llotliomagensi Archiepiscopo^ Frater Ada ticdutem ct humilem devotionis sempitcrncc fmnulatum. Thanks for QuiIdus acl clementisslmam flominationis vestrte jibinquiij,. jigj^.^^ionem gratiaruiu actionibus assurgere valeam ignoro, pro eo quod ine^u modicitatis statum qiialem- cimqiie, et per proprium cursorem, inter tot occupa- tioniim urgentias et tarn discriminosa regiminis eccle- siastic! negotia, inolita benignitatis vestr^e suavitas ^^Tb'^" sciscitari nequaquam duxit indigimm. Sane cor sau- ness pre- cium dolor anxius ecclesiie coram benedicto Salvatore molestat non mediocriter nee iinnierito, quod desidera- bilem sanctitatis vestra3 prtesentiam propter nonnullas causaruni cogcntiura detinentias jiersonaliter in pra}- sentiaruni adire non sufficio, ut per optatum coelicce consolationis colloquium de sancta pii pectoris affluentia, menti simplex ?oternitas, rationi clara Veritas, voluntati placida tranquillitas, et efficacius et manifestius et salubrius divinitate propitia concederetur. Sit super- exaltata Divini nominis benedictio, cujus indies longe lateque diffusa fama Celebris, ex superni niuneris abun- dantiaj magnifice gloriam divulgare non desistit ; uni- versis annuntians quam indefessa virtute, quam cir- cumspecta discretione, quam salutari diligentia, archi- priBSulatus celsitudinem digni lionoris jugi ministerio satagitis insignire. Oonservet, ore, vestrpe dignitatis incolumitatem eccle- si;e sure sanctse per tempora longiora pius Dei Filius ad gloriosam Beata; Virgin is interventionem. Amen. Commends TJtinam inclvtus comes Leycestrire, vestras sublimi- to him the . •' . Eaii of tati, sicut veraciter comperi, in Christo devotissimtis, Leicester, -^{-y^^-^ sanctsB familiaritatis contubernium apud vos in- venerit ; juva,ndus in Auctore pietatis piis orationum vestrarum suffraefiis. ' Odo II., a Minorite, Archbishop of Rouen from 1248 to 1275, EPISTOL^. 87 VII. Eeverendissimo domino 0. Bel gratia Rothomagensi Arcliiepiscopo Frater Ada salutem, tranquilli- tatem tempovis et ceternitatis felicitatem. Ad fontanam pii pectoris affluentiam tauto fldiicialius ill causa pietatis iiiterpellaturus accede, quanto tam Recom- desperationem displicendi quam impetrandi credulita- mends to , . . ... him Pet. cle tem concipere cogit ingenua sanctfe mentis liberalitas. pontiserra. Proinde cum Petrus de Pontissera, lator pra3sentium, juvenis moris hones ti et spei laudabilis, quern modici- tati mcce devinxit in Cbristo caritas familiarior, divini famulatus pio fervens desiderio, sanctum salvificiTe crucis signum assumpserit, una cum eodem dementi vestras dominationis sanctitati prsesentem porrigo petitionem, supplicius obsecrans, quatemis juxta benignam favoris apostolici concessionem, eidem ad expeditionem salutis prout devotioni sure divinitus datur accincto, mitiorem manus munifica3 misericordiam ob beatam Crucifixi contemplationem aperire velitis. Conservet, ore, paternam vestrce pietatis sollicitu- dinem ecclesise suae sanctae per tempera longiora bene- dictus Dei Filius meritis beatissiniie Virginis, VIII. Itcverendissimo in Chfisto iiatri et domino J} Del gratia E-piscopo RoscoldensL Frater Ada post paccm temporis gloviam ceternitatis. Sit benedicta moderaminis superni i^rovisiva disi^en- Exhorta-_ . . , •, ,' • ±- tion on his satio, per quam eximia vestraB serenitatis emmentia, advance- j^robatas conversationis et sapientite priecellentis, salvi- "^^"t- fica3 emulationis et longanimitatis examinata?, titulis clarioribus spectabiliter illustrata, ad sacrosanctum pon- ' Jacohus Erlandi, celebrated for 1 of Roskild in 1248, died 1274; his dispute with Christoplier I. B. 1 83 AD.E DE MATtlSCO Tlic im- tificalis excellentife fasiigium, secimdura arduoo evan- Ke qTsco"- gelicfe sanctionis ascensus sublimiter est evocata ; prcs- pal office, sertim cliebns pessimis periculosissimi temporis, cum conspicianfcur, proli nefas ! psene per univcrsum orbis Christiani spatiuin, qui salutis operandie coeleste minis- terhim sunt iissecuti, et altissimam dignitatem, et claris- simam veritatem, et suavissimain sanctitatem, in fastum pompatica3 potestatis, in r|urestum evanidas facultatis, in luxum sordida3 voluptati.s, tanto detestabilius quanto damnabilius, lieu ! heu ! lieu ! detorquere. Propter quod contra rcgnum Dei usquequaquam SiTeculis omni- bus inaudita, quasi abysso rupta et soluto Satana, omniformis grasaatur immanitas ; hinc concutientibus srevientium violentiis, liinc seducentibus fraudantium fallaciis, hinc dissipantibus schismaticorum pertinaciis, hinc subvertentibus lucreticorum versutiis, adeo ut quasi plus cognoscimus in horreudis rerum evidentiis, quam ex oraculis A^atum formidandis conjicimus, et depopulationem aniniarum inestimabilem, et inexpli- cabilein corporum stragem, insiccabili lacrima jugiter lugeat electorum pia congregatio Annon ruinas istas in manu prttlatoi-um sustinet ecelesia, qui noii tantum irritam facientcs legem Moysis sine ulla miseratione moriuntur, veruni et de- teriora merentur supplicia, conculcantes Filium Dei, et poUutum ducentes sangiiinem Testamenti in quo sanctificati sunt, et Spiritni gratias contumeliam fn- cientes ? Hi sunt enim quos execrans Isaias ait : " Omnes bestice agri, venite ad devorandum ; oinnes " bcstia3 saltus ; speculatores t^us omnes ca?ci ; nescie- " runt universi, canes muti, non valentes latrarc, vi- " dentes vana, dormientes, clamantes somnia ; et canes " impudentissimi nescierunt saturitatem ; ipsi pastores " ignoraverunt intelligentiam ; omnes in viam suam *' declinaverunt, unusquisque ad avaritiam a summo " usque ad novissimura. Venite sumamus vinum et " impleamur ebrietate, et erit sicut hodie sic et eras, times. EPISTOL/E. 89 '■ et multo amplius." Contra quos qiioquc clamat Corruption Micheas, dicens : " Audite Principes domus Jacob, ct ^^^ '^" " Judiees domus Israel, qui abominaraini judicium, " et omnia recta pervortitis ; qui tt;dificatis Sion in " sangiiinibus, et Jerusalem in iniquiiate : principes " ejus in muneribus judicabant, et sacerdotes ejus in '• mercede docebant, et propbetre ejus in pecunia divi- " nabant, et super Dominum reciuiescebant, dicentes : " Numquid non Dominus in medio nostrum ? Non " venient super nos mala propter hoc causa vestri ? " Sion quasi ager arabitur, et Jerusalem quasi acervus " lapidum erit, et mons templi in excelsa silvarum/' Quid igitur restat ? Nisi ut inter tam formidanda mentis ecclesite discrimina, electionis diviniie sacer pontifex beatissimum imitatus apostolum, in purissimis orationibus, in clarissimis meditationibus, in sanctissi- mis contemplationibus, mente quidera excedat Deo, so- brius quoque sit populo, in eloquiis vitro, in exemplis innocentia), in charismatibus glorias ; in illo divina in- clinans ad liumana, in isto liumana elevans ad divina. Ita videlicet ut cum divinissimo Legislatore singular! prau'ogatam formam piorura prrcsulum prseferente, vices ascendendi in montem ct descendendi ad planitiem indefessa frequentans jugitate, in illo sublimetur ad divinitatis consortium, in isto humilietur ad humani- tatis oflicium. Et cum sit angelus Domini exercituum in scala Jacob, nunc ascendens causam ^ mundi pra:^- ferens ad Altissimum, nunc descendens clcmentiam Altissimi referens ad mundum, in illo consideret ordi- nem cteli, in isto ]ionet rationem ejus in terra. Hiec sunt certe ut vcstra - melius novit eruditorum - indus- tria, pater serenissime, qu;e in districtissima Ibrmi- dandi examinis exactione inflexibili censura requircn- tur ab iis, qui ad liorribilem altitudinem ecclesiastici regiminis sunt sublimati. In iis enim dumtaxat per pra:>sides sanctuarii et discoli revocantur ad salutenij ' cam, MS. I - Sic. 00 AD^E DE JVLVRISCO The de- et ad Ijeatitudiiiem proficiunt mansueti ; quibus in of'thT*^^ prcesentiaruin tanto vigilantius insistenduin esse cognos- times. citur, qiianto miiltiformius his diebus raaliguitas impio- rum iisquequaquam debacchari conspicitur ; ut etiam quod per immanem liostium rabiem intentatiir ad perditionem, ad salvationem disponatur per salvivificam jDrajsulum sanctimoniam ; qii83 tune demum impleri poterunt si coassumant sibi pontifices et adjutoria valida, et discreta consilia, et ministeria munda, et justa judicia, ecclesiastica nihilominus committentes gubernacula illis, quos sententia Salvatoris pr83- cipua describit diligentia, dicens : " Date e vobis " viros sapientes et gnaros, quorum conversatio sit " probata in tribubus suis, et dabo eos vobis prin- " cipes, sapientes ad docendam veritatem fidei et " morum lionestatem, gnaros ad disj)ensanda sacra- " raenta ^ coeli et sfeculi subsidia/' Conversationem probatam in tribubus suis illam esse reor quam in carnis castigatione et compunctione cordis probabilia declarant argumenta apud singulas ecclesiasticorum graduum distinctiones. Htec perfunctorie perstrinxerim sciens ad quern milii sermo, scilicet ad pium sacerdotem prudentem elo- quii. Scio quod sufficit occasionem prggstitisse sapienti. Super salutaris negotii dilatione quod tarn vigi- lanti sancta? sedulitatis diligentia de fratribus An- glicis ad sufFragium operands) salutis vobis adjungen- dis, cor saucium dolor angeret, si non indubitata proesumptione confiderem, quod divinitatis dementia melius aliquid disponens, qute^ pia vota nequit deserere, pro eo quod pietatis studia semper curat inspirare, ad desiderati exitus cumulatiori gratia per- ducet benignitate prOvida consummationem. Siquidem dominus Lincolnite, et vicarius ministri Anglite/ et ' sacrament!, MS. - q, MS. ^ Tetcr of Tewksbury? See pp. 53, G3, 103, of Thomas of Gosk, Sec Epist. Ixx. EPISTOLyE. 91 fniter Thomas de Eboracensi, modicitate mea iit valuit cooperante, a die receptioiiis litterarum vestrarum usque ad nativitatem sancti Johannis Baptista.^, contra factum memoratum, divini lionoris et vestra3 paternitatis con- teinplatione, deliberatiovis consilii operam vigilem exlii- buerunt. Quumque effectus optatus sperari poterat, obtensa corporalis valetudinis molestia, et a nomiuUis allegata in mandato ministri geiieralis remissiori co- gentia, frater qui ad hoc niaxime videbatur idoneu», et ob hoc non sine multarum iraportunitatum gravamine vocatus, nullatenus ad proficiscendnm in partes Daci^e, sicut nee alii, voluit adhibere consensum. Puto autem quod si vcstro sederit beneplacito et res hoc desideret, cum minister Anglia; redierit de generali capitulo, impetrata a superioribus auctoritate cogentiori, poterit, divinitate propitia, ad Altissimi gloriam et salutem aniraarum in hac parte quod voluerit sanctitatis vestrre laudanda consideratio, eifectui desiderate mancipare. Denique carum in Christo Jacobum clericum vestrum ad supradicti ne- gotii prosecutionem transmissum, quem et laboriosior vigilantia et sollertia circumspectior, suavior benevo- lentia et perseverantia longanimior, apud dominum Lincolnipe, et ceteros cum quibus liabuit vestram ex- pedire voluntatem multiplieiua commendabilem, vestrse supplico paternitati, rogans humiliter propensius in Domino recommendatum habere dionemini. Conservetur optanda vestro3 beatitudinis incolumitas in Christo Jesu et beatis.sima Virgine, cujus interventu vobis oro concedat Altissimus, inter ingruentia tan- tarum formidinum discrimina, quod prudenter discer- nitis, geritis fortiter, temperanter cohibetis, distribuitis sequaliter in cunctis, ad ilium finem referre, ubi est Deus omnia in omnibus, leternitate certa et pace pel'fecta; 92 ADJE DE MARISCO IX. lievcrendissivio in Christo iiatr'i, et domino R. Dei gratia Lincolnia; Episcopo' Fratcr Ada. Eecom- Lauclabile vestri magistri Joliannis de Schersted, mends to i.Q^jtQrig ecclesiai de Uklinton,^ et credibile non medio- hiin \V m. deLesche- ciiter alioriim testimonmm, Willielmum de Lesclielade ^ ^' diaconum, tam in moribus quam in littera, quam et in ecclesiastico ministerio, reddidere commendabileni. Proinde paternitati vestrte liumiliter supplico quatemis dictum diaconum ad sancti sacerdotii gradum, quatenus ant sanctio evangelica, ant canonica traditio non obsis- tit, ob contemplationem Salvatoris per pictatem dispen- satam promovere velitis ; tanto propensiori gratia piam suscipientes petitionem, quanto dictns magister super gregem dominicam, juges custodiens vigilias, ad adju- torium salvifici laboris hoc anxia deprecatur diligentia. Non possum non mirari illam patrum sapientiam, quse in eligendis ad sacramcntorum dispensationem, cades- tium charismatum tituJos terrestrium utilitatum com- pendiis^ pr.Teposuisse videntur. Forte estis* quod in- considerationis temeritas suggillare prrosumit scita sa- pientum. Absit hoc a me. Sed dubitationem hebetis ingenii et minoris experientiie vestrre sanctitatis secior exprimit coniidentiaj cui quantum ad raultos, nequa- quam })nto satisliet.'^ Valeat vestry pietatis incolumitas in Christo sem- per et beatissima Virgine. ' Kobert Gi'ostote, Bp. of Lincoln, A.T>. 1239-1253. ^ So, for Toklington. ^ cdpcndii)/ /lii.s, MS. ^ Furtc c.'itis, and corrected in the margin, -wliicli lias been pared away. ^ The passage is unintelligible ; but with the exception of the words secior and awfidintki, blurred in the JIS., the reading is clear. EPISTOL/E. 93 X. Domino Liiicolnkv Fmtcr Ada. Licet commendaticiis iion iudigeatur ubi ineritorum ijecom- loquitur evideniin, tamen cum in teuTioris fama;^ relatu 1"A*"''^ *'\ ... . . . . '"'" 'ft- tie multiplici vcstra3 sanctitati tenore prfesentium in- Kyiium. .sinuandum putavi, veneraLilem virum dominum P. de Kyllam, quern regii patronatus devotio pnpsentare con- sensit ad ecclesiam Beatte Virginis Oxonise, sapientem ct gnai'uni, probata convcrsationis in tribubus, juxta quod legis divina^ canon pneficiendos animabus descri- bit, ex certis rerum indiciis ad salutis dispensationem, divinitate propitia, fore putatur idoneus. Quocirca scio quod ad tani solemne, taui spectabile, taui sahitare niinisteriuni, in tanta populorum ct eleri frequeutia constitutiun, secundum scita canonicic traditionis et sanctioni.s evangelicfc decreta, cum de persona menio- rata testimonia testificatis cognoveritis compensari, per a3mulationis paternal providentiam opportunitatum ad- jaeentias ordinare curabitis. Yaleat vestne paternitatis pietas, etc. XI. Domino Lincolniw Frater Ada. Sicut vestra novit veneranda sanctitas illos veritatis Eecom- repreliendit sententia, qui post perceptam impetrati ^^^^'^^ ^^^^ muneris gratiam ad regratiandum redire detrectarunt. of N. Quum igitur pro gratissimis dominationis benigna3 Ijeneficiis, quibus et clemens dignatio, et sapiens cir- cumspectio, et liberalis affectio, tam efficaciter, tarn prudenter, tam diligenter, rem licet prsegrandem ad supplicem precum instantiam, ob piam divinitatis con- templationem nuper consummare ciu-avit, quantiscun- 94 AD.E DE MARISCO que diffusi sermomis coiip.tibus, ut teneor, regratiari non sufficio, quod et devotis vocibus fieri nequit, sal- tern votivis affectibus supplere desidero. Succingo ser- monem, veritus ne littera prolixior, piis auribus, quas jugiter pulsat sancta regiminis ecclesiastici requisitio, videatur importuna. Quia confido quod clemens in- geiLua3 mentis liberalitasj supplicem devoti vestri peti- tionem, quamdiu locus est excusationi, nequaquam arguet preesumptionis, ad instantiam dilecti mei N. pi'gesentem serenitati vestrse poiTigo petitoiiam, rogans attentius quatenus eidem, perspectis suse necessitatis urgentiis, pietatis intuitu, quatenus rationi non obve- nitur, de debito quo vobis tenetur, grati moderaminis inducias usque ad diem quem faciendpe solutioni, ex- clusa ulteriori j^rorogatione, pniefigendum censueritis, concedere diofuemini. XII. Domino Lincolmai Fraier Ada. Commends Nunquam oro suscipiatur in beatitudinis vestr?e con- to his cou- c.oi-tium aliquis de litteratis secundum sreculare iudi- sideration _ ^ ^ ... . . , Thomas de cium reputabilibus, nisi is qui indubitanter esse pr;x>- Manseo. gui^^itur, et ^emulator misericordiae, et veritatis ex- quisitor, et defensor justitipD, et pacis amator ; sed ut eorum qui tales esse non creduntur arceatur improbitas frontosa, opus est valida circumspectionis pietate. Nostis quo tendit quod loquor. Siquidem quantum sufiicit mea exiguitas, cum Dei adjutorio, omnimodis conabor ne ad convictum domesticum sanctitatis ves- trse benignitas intromittat ilium, quem non commendat opinionis integritas. Spero quoque quod per divinitatis opem liberabor ab instanti justi metus molestia. Nam- que non deerit, ut video, Domino monstrante, quod rationabiliter obtendatur quominus eveniat in liac parte iUud cujus in littera, mihi nuper transmissa., memin- EPISTOLiE. 95 istis, de persona nisi per illara stefc vobis in Domino familiariori, ciii concedat utinam divina dignatio hu- milem salutis scientiam. Si quo modo fieri potest plurimum desidero ut hac vice illud impleatur, divinitate propitia, quod frequen- ter locuti estis de accessu vestro ad ecclesiam Can- tuarige. In hoc et in multis aliis vellem ut sancta vestrse considerationis industria nullius nisi benedicti Salvatoris requirat assensum. De negotio, pro quo ad mese parvitatis instantiam, sit vobis desuper seterna retributio, litteras tarn benign e conceptas venerabili patri domino Wintoniee et domino priori Sancti Swithuni,^ per Thomam de Marisco latorem pr?esen- tium nuper destinare dignum duxistis, dominationem vestram humiliter deprecor ut dictum Thomam seriem sui processus referentem clementer audire velitis ; et si placet, secundum quod visum fuerit, ad illos sine quibus consummari nequit opportunum suo tempore facere sermonem. Nescio si in lioc facto reprehensio justa' meam arguere debeat insipientiam, Quia si cordis clarissima sic judicet discretio, Isetanter in Christo prpesenti supersedeo prosecutioni. Propitius sit mihi coelestis consilii ducatus, ne quandoque super re temporali vestri vel cujuscunque prsesumam soUici- tare pietatem, nisi rationabiliter credere debeam quod per earn vere saluti serviatur. Benedicta sit Dei miseratio Domina Juetta soror vestra, licet sensim, proficit tamen ad incolumita- tem. Poteritis, si vobis non displiceat, ministeriali- bus praecipere super Thomam de Marisco dum moratur in domo vestra, parcentes ipsius verecundife. Audivi submurmurari quod post istud instans Parlamentum domini regis disposueritis partes adire sej)tentrionales, inde nequaquam regressuri ante diutinum tractum ' Qy. John Caen, Prior of St. Swithin's, afterwards Abbot of Pe- tei'borough ? See Mat. Paris in an. 1249. F 8 -^ 9G AD^ DE MARISCO temporis. Mihi autein foret, si sic est, satis moles- tum ni prius vobisciim liabeam colloc|uium vivcB vocis. XIIL Domino Lincolnioj Frater Ada. Laments ]sj-qj-^ video quid coGfafc ut citius veniaui, quam nu- ihe trou- . . ^ ... . bies of the per pctivi, Disi vcstr^B jussionis urgentia, cum nee sit times. aliquateuus verisimile quod dominvis Wygornice ante instantem diem nativitatis Domini ad vos sit ventu- rus ; nee sicut post frequentem sperandum est experi- entiam, benedicta sit gloria Domini de loco suo, in causis salutaribus propter semetipsum vol)is sit defu- turus Spiritus consilii et fortitudinis, cum patientia et consolatione Scripturaruin. Et si quid in me poterit consilii aut consolationis, quarum raeministis in lit- tera, numquid non pr?esto sum, cum hoc aut utilita^ requirit aut compellit necessitas ? Si nee corporis fatigatio, nee laceratio spiritus, quas in cunctis retro diebus, ita quod vix respirare licuit, sine inter- missione, cum tantis anxietatis detrimentis, etiam nuperrime perpessus sum, nee onus intolerabile et importabile jugum, quorum mild celeriter illud assu- mendurii, subeundum istud, si officium eruditiouis impendend?s post paueos dies debeam resumere, vaca- tioni me?e provideri deposcant, vestroB judicet pater- nitatis circumspectio. O frontosam rabiem ! O pestem })erniciabilem, quibus lieu ! heu ! diebus liis pessimis, iasque nefos- que confundentibus, et Dei Lrereditas dissipatur, et polluitur templum sanctum ejus. Stupenda est bel- luiiiiie voraeitatis virosa malignitas, quje nee Domi- iium timet nee liominem reveretur ; fiduciam haben.s quod infiuat Jordanes in os ejus.' Sed una vobis- ' There can be no doubt that under these ambiguous expressions the -writer hints at the extortions practised by Henry III. See M. Paris, A.D. 1251, p. 820. EPISTOL/E. 97 cum spero de misericordia ipsiiis ciijus est opera gratire smie non deserere, quousque eompleverit, et ilia de potestate tenebravum eripere, quod divitias quas devoravit evoinet, et de ventre illius extraliet illas Deus. Non cesso admirari, quamvis duduni mihi non incognitam, insatiabilem atrocis fraudulentijie cupiditatem, pra^^ter quam, proh nefiis ! liodie nusquani aeceptum aliquid, nusquam aliquid celebre conspici- inus. Sed quid ? Postquam eiiVenata tyrannide solu- tus Sathanas debaccliatur in animas, et non est qui recogitet, puto voces supprimendas. exprimendas lacry- mas secundum illud proplietfe : " Quis dabit capiti '^ meo aquam ? et oculis meis fontem lacr3miarum ? et " plorabo die ac nocte interfectos filife populi mei." Quod sic fiat/ quia per apostolum Veritas hoc loquitur : " Conteret Dominus Satlian sub pedibus vestris velo- " citer." Vagatus est in incertum cordis disturbati calamus. Valeat vobis virtutis invicl?e sapientia salutaris in Christo, etc. XIV. Domino Lincolnice Frater Ada. Olivero de Lexinton scholari, latori prsesentium, mihi introduces in Christo spiritualiter dilecto, ciijus annos juveniles q,?""! , et litteraturip provectioris et conversationis honestjie Lexinton. titulus illustrat, non mediocriter formido, quoniam ut video hinc necessitudo sfecularis cogit ad discrimen interitus, illinc pemulatio divina trahit ad certitudi- nem salutis. Proinde de isto et sui similibus, cum ad vestram accesserint paternitatem, ad curas animarum quibus nullatenus sufficiunt, perdita consideratione ' Q. si fat, MS. 98 AD/E DE MARISCO prreseiitati, quid aliud aget pii prsesulatus sancta sollicitudo, quam ut per sollicitam ccelestium eloquio- rum exhortationera, anxiori diligentia, satagat illos, eripere de potentate tenebrarum iimndialium et trans- ferre in regnum Filii dilectionis [leternse. Absit a me pro ea quam dicunt promotione prsesentis pra3sentati, aut talis cujuscunque, in causa simili, pontifici« interpellere aliquatenus auctoritatem ; cui certe licet super lioc sollicitatus fuissem, plane sum protestatus, quod nequaquam pro eo, nee pro quoquam in hac parte petitionem porrigerem, quern non praDSumerem rationabiliter posse scire et velle, secundum immutabilia salutaris evangelii decreta, operandi salutis in susci- piendis animabus, juxta pium pastoralis officii regimen, indefesso srqDerintendere patrocinio. Prassertim cum in periculum mei capitis hoc facerem ; et sicut indubitanter affirmavi, vestrte sanctitatis reverentia contra causas salvatoris asque supplicantem suscipiat et provocantem. Verumptamen hoc satis terret, quod si iste sicut eidem suasi, a suas prpesentationis vocali jure recedat, cum, proh dolor ! terra data sit in manus impiorum, per homines feris omnibus immaniores in animas, et insensibiliores cunctis lajiidibus ad spiritualia, greges dominici uni- versis bestiis, tam agri quam saltus, exjDonentur ad devorandum. Sed quis unquam metus sapientes sepa- ravit a veritate ? Sed lieu ! in tantis abyssis teterri- marum caliginum palpat hodie zelus electorum prse- nesciens quo divertat. Valeat vestri sancta vigilantia in Christo, etc. XV. Domino Lincolniw Frater Ada. Requests j^^ instantiam quorundam mihi in Christo carissimo- permission -^ . , . . . that Lady rum, pra^sentem consensi domniationi vestra) scribere ^''"'^ *^^ petitionem, humili supplicans obsecratione pro honora- EPISTOL^. 0.0 l)ili matrona, doinina Eva de Tracy,^ quam et inonim "^''""^y "^,^y "^ -■• , , stay 111 the gravitas et maturitas aimoruiii, honestatis remulatio et nunnery of claritas sanguinis, siciit audio, spectabiliter comraendant; ^odstow. quatenus eidem paternitatLs vestrjo providentia conce- dere dignemini, ut in monasterio Godestowe religio- sius vivendi gratia, quamdiu vestro sederit beneplacito, cum dignis conditionibus valeat commorari ; hoc iji- sum Abbatissa- cum suo conventu desiderantibus, si quominus fieri debeat, sanctitatis vestrse circumspectio, causam ration abilem aut salutis periculum obsistere non judicaverit. Nuntium quem memorata domina, pro dicto negotio, ad vestram destinaverit reveren- tiam, consueta? pietatis suscipientes ^ affabilitate. Valeat vestra3 beatitudinis incolumitas, etc. XVI. Domino Lincolnue Frater Ada. Dominationis vestrre litteram petitoriam/ qnam intercedes vobis destinaveram, vestri gratia satisfacientem, feria C"^'' .^'^*^ ., ' *=> ' University quarta proxima ante festum beatfe Margarette recepi, of Oxford, quam et magistro Eoberto de Marisco, quoniam ^ sic J^"^ ^^'^^ putavi expedire, communicavi. Retinui quoque cur- Sempring- sorem vestrum quousque in die beatre Margaretre pc^i" gent'of the magistrum Johannem, qui coram vobis magistrorum et Convoca- scliolarium Oxonite petitiones proposuerat, me vocato et prtBsente, memoratis magistris et scbolaribus respon- sio vestra, et evidenter et prudenter et diligenter est recitata. Consensum est igitur ab universa con- gregatione studentium Oxonife ut iterato, juxta vestrre ' A ■woman of large property. See Koberts' Fine Kolls. - A Flandrina de Brewes, Abbess of Godstow, -was deposed by Gros- tete in 12-48. ' siiscipiatis ? * pctiiorie, MS. ^ 7jm . G 'A 100 AD^ DE MARISCO disertitudinis insinuationem, certi suarum petifcioimm articuli, sub ea qua? fieri poterit expressionis luculentia, sine morse ^ dispendio, cum optima circumspectione pa- ternitatis vestne pietati porriganiur. Nempe prsefata seliolarium societas semper zelo sauc- tiore prosequenda, sicut clementise vestrse melius novit industria, juxta quod eidem sollicitiori suasum est conamine plenam in Salvatore reportat fidu- eiani, quod per sanctitatis vestrse salutarera sa- pientiam salvis ecclesia^ cui, auctore Deo, prsesidetis per omnia dignitatibus, jurisdictiouibus, libertatibus, ad gloriam Altissimi, ad emendationem cleri, ad salu- tom populi, efc lionori, et directioni, et trauquillitati totius schoiasticie professionis, quoad divinitate pro- pi tia vestra supererit beatitudo, providebitur. Eoce coram beniona vestrre dio-nationis excellentia et rubore vultus suffunditur, et confunditur cor majstitudine, cum licet homuncionis indigni, tameu devoti servuli, qualiscumque sedulitatis instantia non curatur. Liceat, oro, cum venia sic dixisse ; libet certe ut sic noveritis et volueritis agatur in omnibus. Cum quanta possum Inimilitatis affectione rogo nt magistro Radulpho de Simplingliam,^ cui officium regendse congregationis scholarium Oxoniensium dudum comisistis, dignitati vestrsD, sicut et tenetur, obe- dientiali devotione subjecto, nec^ aliquateuus con- sentienti aliquid acceptare aut prosequi, quod celsi- tudini vestrse cedere valeat in displicentiam vestri, sine cunctatione, nt asserit, in cunctis obtempera- turo mandatis, motus animi, si ex aliquibus oc- casionibus contra ipsum sunt concepti, ob contem- plationem coelestis clementiiie, clementer remittere dignemini. Signo illo quod dicitur^ universitatis Ox- oniae, quo in simplicitate sua sicut et plures ante- ' Ealf de Sempringham, V. Chan- cellor of the University, in 1252. "- n, MS. 3 dr, MS. EPISTOL^. 101 cessorum suorum usiis est, de c?etero si jusseritis nequaquaui usurus, et ad nutum beneplaciti vestri suo cedet officio. Siquid qiioininus rite per ipsum accep- tatum esse censueritis, quod puto non fecerit, nisi de nmltitudinis assensii, super eo vestr?e stabit volun- tatis arbitiio. Concedat Dominus virtutuni episcopo sno de universis in tranquillitate judicare, et ciim magna reverentia dispoiiere qiias circa subjectos, pr?e- sertim liis diebiis damnatissimis, per sapientiam vin- cendo malitianii in Christo semper et beatissima Vir- gine. Postquam confecta fuerint prsesentia, antequam signarentur, recepi litteram sanctitatis vestrpe Fratri Radulfo et mihi directam, simul cum duarum litter- arum transcriptis papalium, et litterpe a vobis Ead- wardo de Westmonasterio ' destinata? ; quibus inspectis, licet de liorrendo animarum excidio dolor intolera- bilis nimirum incuteretur, tamen eximiam gaudii salutaris exultationem attulit affluentius, quod ob sin- gularis excellentia3 causam omne gaudium existi- matis in varias temptationes incidere qualiumcunque tribulationum, artiori amplectentes jocunditate ill am Omnipotentis sententiam : " Beati qui persecutionem " patiuntur propter justitiam, quia ipsorum est reg- " num coelorum : Beati estis cum maledixerint vobis '• homines et persecuturi vos fuerint et dixerint omne " malum adversus vos, mentientes, ^^ropter me. Gau- " dete et exultate quia merces vestra copiosa est in " coelis. Sic enim persecuti sunt prophetas qui fue- " runt ante vos." Quid ergo aliud faciet apostolis substitutus qui- bus mundi Salvator h?ec locutus est ? Invictus athleta ejus qui vicit mundum, quum- ut propter summaUi salutis operationem exultet '^ audacter, pergat in occur- ' Of Edward of AVestminster, see art TT -, . T 1 . , -- , '/'"j quonicim. Hardy s Introduction to the Close KoUs, p. 45, lb!. ' cxidtut. MS. . 102 AD^E DE MARISCO sum aniiatis, contemnat ^ pavorem, nee ceclat gladio, et impiis fugientibus nemine perseqiiente, ipse ut leo con- fidens sit absque terrore, totam fiduciam in ipsum projicit qui apostolis et apostolorum successoribus loquens ait : "In mundo pressuram habebitis, in me " autem pacem. Sed confidite, quia ego vici mundum." O felicissimas animas quibus coelitus concedetur in Iiac beatissima salutis causa, vestr^e ^ eoronje, calcatis teiTorum fantasiis et ineptiis blandimentorum, parti- cipes fieri. Si veri Helysei veri ministri fuerimus, vere vices illius dolentes, vereque pueiilem humili- tatem induentes, audiemus ab ipso : " Nolite timerc, " plures enim vobiscum sunt, quam cum illis." Ipso- que orante aperiet Dominus oculos nostros et vide- bimus montes plenos equorum et curruum igneorum in circuitu ipsius, videlicet Filii Dei, cui lideliter assistimus. H£ec dixerim sicut alias vobis, non tarn trepida quam anxia mente, de hujusmodi memini me scrip- sisse fiducialiter esse aggredienda ; si triumpliatis spiritualium nequitiarum vitiis et carnalium illece- braium concupiscentiis, quorum continuata proslia in nobis, a nobis, contra nos, sentimus insanire, contra pra^fatas dssmonialium liostilitatum pervicacias pro- cedamus ad bellandum, Cliristo pr^estante, cujus bella geruntur, qui est benedictus in sccula. Amen. XVII. Domino Llncolnico Fratev Ada. Various Maguificentiffi reginalis officiosa devotio, quam noli business, g-j^^ sacrfB familiaritatis contubernio salutari vestrre paternitati inclinavit divina dispensatio, juxta quod in milii transmissa vestree sanctitatis littera continetur, contcmpnlt, MS. | * ''"'' '^^^' EPISTOL.E. loa aiiipliorein salutis operandaj fidnciani per evangclicuiii vestrse pietatis ministeriiim ingessit efticacins. Sit supernre dignationi siipcrexaltata benedictio. Cum igi- tur inter tot discriminum angustias ad pnegrandem necessitatis ecclesiastic??, subventionem, patefactuni vobis eoelitiis aditum aspicimus, qnid esse poterit, si de cpetero, quod absit, propensioris vigilantia? sedulani exiiibitionem detrectamus. Doleo quod exclusit even- tuum importunitas colloquiorum salutarium collationeni Iiabendam cum domino Wyntonise electo.^ Sed utinam ]ioc, Domino melius aliquid providente, liac vice pro- I'ogatura esse contigerit in dies opportuniores. Super hoc quod mihi viva voce injunxistis et pra?cepistis per litteram de carissimis fratribus P. de Theukesbyria et Willielmo de Pokelingtun et apud ministrum nostrum et apud eosdem, hoc egi puto quod voluistis, adhuc nesciens utrum affectus efFectum sortiri voluerit. Conservetur ore sincere sanctitatis vestrse salutaris asmulatio in Christo semper, etc. Sicut alias rogavi, opto mihi remitti transcripta litterarum domini regis Francipe et domini Thuskulanensis,^ cum ea legi fece- ritis vel etiam transcribi si placuerit. Retinui vi'^ feria cursorem ex causa. XVIII. Domino LincolnicG Frater Ada. Licet non ambigerem opus esse ut ^ providam cir- Commends cumspectionem vestroa dominationis interpellarem, ta- l.^^^g""^^^'^ men ad urgentem necessariorum meorum instantiam the E. of vestrse paternitatis benevolentiie prsesentem adquievi dirigere petitionem ; obsecrans cum quanta valeo prre- ' See p. 84. - N, Bp. of Tusciilum, the legate seat to settle the disturbances in Oxford. See Wood's II. U. in an. 1248. ^ zuf' blurred and corrected iu MS. 104 AD.E BE MARISCO cordialis affectus diligentia, quatenus Lallivis et homi- nibus domini comitis Leycestriiie ad examen vestrum in causa molestiori vocatis, sic moderari velitis dispenf:a- tionis benigniti censiirani, ut et dignitatis ecclesiasticao intemerata jura permaneaut, et dignissimam inclyti Comitis excellentiam, in sibi a vobis exhibito favoris benevoli patrocinio, suai necessitati sentiat subvenisse. Conservet benedicta divinitatis dementia vestra^ bea- titudinis incolumitatem in Christo semper et beatis- sima Yirgine. XIX. Domino Llncolmcv Frater Ada. Requesting Ad sollicitam spiritualium amicorum instantiam offic^s^for dominationi vestrte priesenteni consensi dirigere peti- Jo. Stock- tionem, rogaiis attentius, quatenus de provisiva pro- of iiun- pensions gratiai dementia domino Jolianui do Stokton tingdon. canonico HuntedunicV, Osenia^, auctoritate vestra com- nioranti, in causa consolationis suse vobis si placet voce viva exponenda, optatam faventis misericordiic benevo- lentiam impartiri non ducatis indignum. Valeat sanctitatis vesti're benigna paternitas in Christo semper, etc. XX. Domino Llncohiioi Frater Ada. Assuring Quid sibi velit quod occidendis animabus pr?etei' he^vi/f solitum per manus vestras pervicacia d;rmonialis in attend the presentiarum atrocius insistit, facile credo disertitudinis Parliament , i. • i i l-j. • j.- • j. at London vestrre sancta pietas advertit ; quia certissimum est cunctis qui de Omnipotentis sapientia atque dementia fidelem concepere fiduciam, quod Dei virtus, Dei sapi- entia, Dei sanctificatio cito conteret Satanam sub pedi- EPISTOL.E. 105 bus sanctorum, de quo planissime liis diebus extrenu^ }»erditionis impleri conspicitur. Quid eiiiiu ultra ])uterit debacchnntis nequitiiu frontosissiraa rabies ? Illud Apocalypsis : " Descendit ad vos Diabolus, lia- " bens iram magnain, sciens quia modicum tempus " liabet/' Dabo operam veniendi Londinum ad Parla- mentum, sicut jussistis. Forte obsistent fratres, cpiia aliud cogitaverimt de me ; propter lioc conveniens esset ut ministerium fratrum minorum in Anglia su- per hoc interpellaretur. Consilium et fortitude vol)is subministrentur a Spiritu Sancto Patris Altissimi per Christum Jesum semper in patrocinio Beatre Virginis. XXI. 'Domino Lincolnuu F rater Ada. Ad instantiam domini Symonis, fihi Symonis, la- Disputes toris pra3sentium, viri probitatis laudandje, dominationi |^'-'^^''^^'" quoqne vestrpe, non tarn obedientiali reverentia, quam men of Ox- devotione obsequiali, in omnibus qn?e honorem "^"es- ^j^" ^l*^"!! ^^. trum contingunt, pariter et beneplacitum, cum jugi the E. of promptitndine subjecti, petitionem pr?esentem dignitati °^'^'*^^ • vestrtie, afFectione libenti scribere eonsensi, supplici rogans humilitate quatenus eidem in negotio siio, quod ipse si placet auctoritati vestra?, voce viva est expositiu'us, quoad et veritati inhperetur et justitia non deseritur, opportunam favori benevoli gratiam impar- tiri non ducatis indignum, tanto ipsum in hac parte propensiori prosequentes Ijenevolentia, Cjuanto, sicut videtur, indubitanter in causa pro qua laborat, ipsimi animat ?equitas, et iniquitas concitat adversarium. Dominus J. de Crakhale et dominus Rogerius senes- challus vester, cum quibus et ego afFui, convenerunt Oxonite, ut quietaretur tractatu pacifico dissensio orta inter ballivos vestroi^ et Ijallivos domini comitis C'or- nubise feria vi*'"^ post diem cinerum. vSupersedendum lOG AD.E DE MARISCO autcin putavi scriberc vobis acta dictas diei, pro eo quod memoratus dominus Syiiiou qui toto tractatui bono modo sedulus interfuit ea plenius intimanda vestrte circumspectioni suscepit. Dominus Ueus assit ecclesise su^e necessitatilDUS diebus istis, quibus dolemus indesinenter, efFeratiori mendaciorum evideri- tium pervicacia, impios tantummodo de suaD feritatis velienientia insanientes, conculcare justiores se. Opti- mum mihi videtur quod sine morse dispendio scribatis domini comiti Cornuvalliro deprecatorias, efficaces, rationabiles, supplices ;^ ut ipsi placeat snspeudere qusestionum discussiones inter vos et eundem pen- dentium, quousque certis die et loco ad hoc tempus personabiliter convenire valeatis, competenti tempore post instans Pascha, quo fiat ut omnibus super qui- bus per discolos excitata est controversia, diligentins examinatis per provisivum vestri et illius colloquium, pacifico fine conquiescant ; id operante dementia divini- tatis. Petitoriis plurimum est insistendum ad eos contra quos nee potentia suppetit, nee subvenit justitia. Ubi, sicut his, datur sceleri ut stupenda prajsumtio, sive in parte actrice, sive in parte rea, sibi arrogat invere- cundius, et judicis et advocati, et testis, et executoris officium, nihil arbitratur justum nisi concussiones, ra- pinas, angarias truculentius exercere, quae potissime gloriatur. Cum in servitutem redigit, cum devorat, cum accipit, cum extollitur, cum in faciem coedit in- noxios, petitionibus agendum in hac parte idcirco * dixerim ; nunquam etenim ut reor desperandus est usquequaquam prccum obtentus, quousque humanitatem penitus extinserit immanitas. Sic fuerit voluntas in coelo, sic fiat. Amen. Yalete in Christo, etc. SOj UlcrUs being oniiltcd. | ^ icc^toi EPISTOL.E. 107 XXII. Domino Lincolnica Fratcr Ada. Circa statum universitatis OxouiiP, quantum ad Disputes at ordinafcionem regiminis providi et imminentium ^,^^.g[j"^of commotionum sedamina, pi'out divinitus concedetur, Oxford, iieccsse est disertitudiuis vestro?, si placet, studeat circumspectio, consilii maturioris adhibenda remedia, pra3sertim in iis, quae cum rediit magister Robertus de Sancta Agatha/ vobis poterit insinuare. Moles- turn est milii, si prgesumentis insipientia3 contemnenda sollicitudo mei-uerit, ut antequam recederetis de Ban- nebyria, nequaquam prreciperentur lieri de domo de Godestowe, et aliis quibusdara, quic plurima suadere conatus sum iiistantia. Intellexi per credibilis testi- monii sedulam assertionem, quod omnimodis opus erit, ut cautelre maturioris exquisita consideratio provideat celerius transferri plenam administrationem rerum vestrarum in eum qui dominum Johannem de Crakliale- est successurus. Audivi enim dum in hac 2")arte anceps pendet expectatio, detrimenta non modica per aliquos qui violatte fidei culpam non verentur, vobis iudesinenter procurari, propter quod rationibus sine mortB dispendio redditis, opportunum fore credo lieri quod prredixi, et qure vestra sunt sub certitudine mensura^ numeri, et ponderis custos nuper institutus King of suscipiat. Si bonorandam censueritis viro'inem filiam ^5°/f ™i"*' ... . . . . . riedtoMar- domini regis, ad instans natalicium regi Scotiie de-garetd.of sponsandam, alicujus donativi competentis gratia, vestra ^*^j^'^i 95 { rogo viderit industria, Plurimiim indigent dominus comes et comitissa Leycestrioa in prtesentiarum sanctitatis vestrse salutari consilio. Ita videbitur ut quod implere nequit lingua, littera suppleat, secundum quod super rel^us tantis coelitus administrabitur opportmiitas. » A Richard (q. Robert) S. Agatha was Chancellor of the University about 1256; - See Mat. Par. p. 877^ and be low, p. 110; 108 AD^ DE MAEISCO Conservetur pietatis vestras beatitude in Christo Jesii semper et beatissima Virgine. Misi vobis litte- ram per manum magistri Willielini cujusdain clericl domini CantuarijTe in dedieatione ecclesite de Hales ' porrigendam, de quo scire vellem utrum eam recepe- ritis. Litteraruui transcripta regis Franciai et domini Tliuseulanensis super excidio ^gypti et statu TerrsB Sanctre sicut alias petivi, peto reniitti. against a priest ac- cused of inconti- nence. XXIII. Domino Luicolnice Frater Ada. Warns him Suggestum est milii ante dies aliquot de presby- tero vobis prtesentato per abbatissam et conventum de Godestowe ad vicariani de Blokkesliam, quod ipse idoneus esset ad regimen animarum in eodem officio, qui inquisitionem factam super pra3sentatione sua paternitati vestrte Bannebyria?, ubi et ego personaliter afFui, porrexit, quam minus rite peractam vos iterate fiiciendam demandastis. Unde non mediocriter gavisus sura, cum milii nuperrime per grave testimonium fuerit insinuatum, raemoratum presbyterum in Dei ofFensam et scandalum populi, contubernium illicitum frequentasse mulieris cujusdam, de qua prolem sicut intellexi secundam cognoscitur satis recenter susci- tasse. Quod circumspectioni vestrse scribere non pigebat, ne in re tanta Veritas obnubilata periculum pariat animabus. Qualitatem accusationis patefaciet inquisitionis diligentia. Super litteraturre competentia vestra vobis sufficiunt experimenta. Considerate si placet an lubrici discursus argumentum pra^ferat oc- cursus faciei. Protegat, dirigat, et salvificet vestrte pietatia beatitudinem per vias rectas in ostensionem regni Dei, oro, Christus, Dei virtus, Dei sapientia, ' The Abbey of Ilailes, founded by Eiehard E. of Cornwall, and rledicuted in 1251 ? EPISTOLiE. 109 Dei sanctificatio, per intercessionem Beata? Virginis. Super lis quae circa vos gesta sunt post recessuiii meum a vobis, et super cseteris opportune signandis desiclerio meo, si vestro sederit beneplacito, poterit per latorem prassentium satisfieri. Mitto vobis transcripta litterarum domini regis FrancifB et domini cardinalis Thusculanensis ^ episcopi de Christiani exercitus excidio in ^gypto et statu terrse Promissionis evidenti conceptarum diligentia ; quibus auditis, ea si placuerit mihi remittere poteritis cum vobis ea ut ostenderentur a ministro nostro acceperim. XXIV. Domino Lincolnice Frater Ada. Mitto vobis litteras mihi nuper destinatas de ^lie ex- Francia a quodam fratre ordinis nostri probitatis the Pas- commendandse, de horribili pastorum immo vastatorum toreaiix in ... France, pervicacia, cum unanmii populorum conspiratione in clerum terrifice grassantium ; ex qua coUigat sapi- entisB vestrse pia disertitudo districtas animadver- sionis divinse censm-as in perditores animarum, pas- tores ecclesias loquor usurpati nominis, jdIus proten- dere reor quam efficere, quod quamvis cvim ingenti stupore audimus. Dominus rex mandavit officialibus suis hujuscemodi prsesumptores aut exturbare aut comprehendere. Sed si per ipsos virgam furoris sui exerceat immanissime provocata majestas Omnipo- tentis, quid valere putabuntur incorrecta liumanse prsevaricationis molimina ? Valeat vestrge beatitudinis sospes incolumitas in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. ' Thukalensis, MS. G 7 110 ABJE DE MAPJSCO The Earl ofLeieester XXV. Domino Lincolnice Frater Ada. Remitto dominationi vestrse abbreviationem illam proposes to q^^'"^™ scripsistis de principatu regni et tyrannidis sicut entrust his misistis signatam signo comitis Leycestrije. Dominus Grostete. comes LeycestriiB si contingat eum maturius redire in Vasconiam, deliberatione cum dornina comitissa et iiiecum super hoc habita, propoiiit primogenitum suum Henricum ad vestram remittere paternitatem, ut dum setas est ei tenerior sub vestr^e sanctitatis patrocinio, sicut liactenus Domino dante, proficiat per tempus aliquantum, quoad fieri poterit, in doctrina Jitterarum et morum disciplina. Si autem dictus comes moretur in Angiia, juxta pietatis vestrse salu- tare consilium, aliter de puero memorato disponere proponit. Dixit mihi comes Leycestrite non ferens quasi vestrum examen^ declinare, quod plus desiderat ut prrevia veritate et inofFensa justitia, per vestri solius ordinationem controversia contingens homines suos de Leycestria sicut vestrre visum fuerit disertitu- dini conquiescat, quam ut in hac parte ordinationi illorum trium, qui nominati sunt, videlicet doniini archidiaconi Oxoni?e,~ domini J. de Crakhale, magistri Roberti de Wynkele, negotium committatur terminan- dum. Non bene novi utrum plus expediat. Ve- rumtamen f)erspectis pluribus circumstantiis, ut video, securius erit quod factum memoratum dictorum sapientum, sicut provisum est, committatur discretioni definiendum. Fiat super hoc ut vobis fuerit coelitus inspiratum. Super eo quod contingit fectum frati'is R dicti monachi acceptandum est omnino disertitudinis vestrie ' virium vsm cxamrn, ]\IS. virium expunged. Cf. p. 104. - See Epist. Ixxviii. J. de Crak- hale ■«•as Archdeacon of Bedford ia 1253, a.".d died in 1260. EPISTOL/E. Ill salutare responsum. Ad crotera quro mandastis dabitur The Earl opera, prout divinitus concedetur. Locutus est milii pi ™seY comes Leycestriaj super saluberrimo triumphalis mag- with tiie nificentine proposito liberandis animabus, cordi vestro design!! ^ coilitus immisso, qiii supra quam a multis eredi posset, illud extoUit, laudat, et amplectitur, ut video, ardenti promptitudine grandium couceptuum ad id ipsum secundum cousilia coelestia paratus, se cum complicibus suis, si tamen inveniantur, constanter ac- cingere. Verum de persona? vestr^e corporali imbecilli- tate maxime sollicitus asserit quod non videt qualiter tanta difficultatum discrimina personaliter aggredi valeatis. Sed quid convenientius quam ut Dominus Deus spirituum omnis carnis, in debilitate carnali et spirituali robore, liget Behemoth ancillis suis qui infirma mundi eligit ut fortia quteque confundat ; vetus ars hrec est omnipotentis sapientife, ut inde Satan^e subigatur pervicacia, unde amplius se erigit ipsius insolentia. Licet per varias causas obtenderit serenissim.a vestrte circumspectionis industria quomi- nus inter mortales inveniatur qui vobiscum comitetur, audiamus ipsum, qui divinissimo illi prophettT", tamen ut reor liumanitus aliquid perpesso, et relic- tum se solum conquerenti, '■• Derelinquam, inquam, mihi " in Israel septem millia virorum, quorum genua non " sunt incurvata ante Baal ;" quique eripiendis anima- bus contrivit portas rereas et vectes ferreos confregit. Quid ergo ? Numquid relinquetur locus htesitationi qiiin idem ipse, contritis obsistentiis et repugnantiis confractis, quantumcunque desperabilium importuni- tatum, et vias patefaciat, et per avia dirigat, et aspera complanet, multitudini credentium in ipsum, quorum est cor unum et anima una, quibusque ha3C est victoria qua3 vincit mundum, fides nostra. Per ipsum nihil est invincibile, ut ad coronam vita) victoriosam, et inter mortis discrimina quanto labo- riosius taiito felicius pertingatur. Subsistentem stylum attraxit materia salutaris. 1]2 AD.E DE MAIUSCO The L. de AUocutus fvii domiiium Vaiynum cle Muncliensy ' de line en- ^^^^ propter quam citatus est, ut coram vobis com- pareat, et de conjuge sua secundum legitimaa sacra- ment! matrimonialis exigentias, ut decet, tam lioneste quam honorifice deinceps tractanda ; qui pollicitus est lioc se Domino dante de cetero facturum. Accepi autem per testimonium plurimum merito credibilc, eujusdam in spirituali necessitudine arctius constricti, qui propter specialo familiaritatis contubernium ipsius domini Warini et secretam et publicam melius novit conversationem, sub multiplici juramentorum asser- tione, licet judicem movere non debeat, hujusmodi excusatio, eundem dominum Warinum a crimine sibi objecto penitus esse libcrum. Sic qualitercmique res se habeat, credo consultum erit, ut per provisivam paternitatis vestrre sollicitudinem erroribus excessuum in posterum caveatur ; et de consilio prudentum tanti proceris parcatur verecundire, tam dementi processu servata justitia, ut censura non frangat quod flectit dementia. Doceat vos de omnibus clara qua? nunquam marces- sit sapientia omnium siBculorum perpeti moderamine, profugans err ores et excessus emendans. Meminerit vestri in bonum qui solus* est bonus, benedictus Dei Filius, qui dementi bonitate iacarceratis, capital! dam- natione periclitantibus, perpensior! gratia prospicere voluistis in tam gratiosam absolut?e liberationis mise- ricordiam. Conserve tur optanda vestme beatitudiais incolumitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. De libro etliicorum gratia vestri bene factum est ut mill! videtur. ' The sixth baron died in 1255. , Dionysia, then widow of Walter de It appears by the Fine Eoll, 39 Hen. III., that his wife's name was Dionysia, who outlived him. A curious entry occurs in the Fine Koll, 19 Hen. III., giving this Langcton, leave to marry whomever she pleased. She finds as her surety for the fine, this Warin de Muntchensv. vitation. EPISTOL/E. 113 XXYL Domino Lincolnice Fratev Ada. Cum venissem Oxoniain locutus fui cum raagistro J. le Gra- Jolianne le Gracius, viro perspicacis ingenii et "ij^Qesthe eloquii convenientis, eminentis litteraturiB et con- bishop's in- versationis lionestfe, secundum quod ostendunt tam rerum evidenti?e quam testimonia laudabilium. Qui licet vestva? dominationis dignitatem longe prasferat ca^teris ecclesi?e praslatis, ut eidem quanta subjecta? devotionis fide valet obsequatur, tamen non consentit ob causas plurimas, plurium judicio plurimum ra- tionabiles, cur?e animarum quam suscepit renun- ciare, nee scholastica exereitia intermittere, quousque in jure canonico vel civili ofiicium eruditionis impen- dendse assumpserit, et sibi diviuitus concessam juris illius vel istius scientiam aliis docendo communicaverit. Dixit autem quod si vestro sederit beneplacito, dum moratur studens in universitate Oxonipe, vobis erit intendens in negotiis vestris, et ecclesise vestrte per se et per suos complices, prout valuerit, vigilant! soUici- tudine ; accessurus postmodum efficacius ad familiare ministerium vestrum, cum opportune ipsum vocare volueritis, completo proposito suo in scholastic-is exer- citiis, in quibus erit pro vobis, Domino dante, jugiter prout fieri poterit bono modo. Locutus sum etiam cum magistro Reginaldo de Stokes, medico, viro ma- turo et honesto, in artibus et in medicina provecto et experto, quem et conversatio socialis, et circmnspecta discretio, et sermo maturus, et timorata devotio, juxta fide dignorum assertionem, plurimum reddit acceptum. Iste est in quem ad servitium vestr^e dominationis evocandum animus mens amplius consentit, nisi alium eidem pra3ponendum vobis Dominus insinuaverit, H 114 AD.E DE MARISCO Hie jussionibus vestris paratus est obtemperare, se- How he cundum consilium vobis iu Domino devotorum. Li- ArLoUe's" brmn etliicorum Aristotelis quern scribi fecistis vestri Ethics. gratia, ad opus religiosissimi viri fratris Hugonis de Berions, vobis inter mortales specialissime devoti, si miseritis ad locum fratrum minorum Londini, magister Petrus rector ecclesise de Wymbledon, medicus dominse reginse, vir excellentis litteratui'se et magnas pro- bitatis, de provincia oriundus, ipsiun procurabit fideli- ter et seciu'e transmitti, ex parte vestra, memorato fratri Hugoni, si vestro sederit beneplacito. Super hoc bonum erit maturare quod vestrse visum erit discretion!. Conservetur desideranda vestrse beatitudinis incolu- mitas in Chiisto Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. Super iis omnibus vestrum, si placet, mihi rogo insinuetis beneplacitum, cum sic expedire censueritis. Si maturaveritis mittere librum Ethicorum Londinum, sicut prsedictum est, per prcedictum magistiiim Peti-um, qui utinam vobis esset cognitus et familiaris, matiu'ius mittetur. Sic conveniret ^ ut sestimo fratri Hugoni de Beryonz. Postquam recessi a vobis scrips! a Northamptona aliquot diebus ante purificationem Beatae Virginis contra presbyterum ilium pestilentem, qui frontosi furoris pervicacia, obsistente sibi Salvatore animarum, conatur pervadere regimen animarum in vicaria de Blokkesham. Scripsi, inquam, contra ipsum cum Deo, ut arbitor indubitanter, magistro Eustachio de Len,^ oflSciali Cantuarise, et pro re promo venda fra- tri Tiiom?e de Eboraco,^ subjectissimo reverentise vestree famulo, strenuo, discreto, et benevolo, et in omnibus qu8e ad salutem spectant animarum audenti* vigore coelitus inflammato, mittens eisdem nihilominus teno- rem processus habiti coram vobis in facto dicti pres- ' ouct. I ^ See Epist. LXX. - See Epist. XXXIV. CXVII. | ^ Sic. ardenti? EPISTOL.E. 115 byteri. Quorum frater Thomas mihi rescripsit litteram quam vobis prnesentibus iiiclusam transmitto ; max- ime propter lamentabilem eventum, Terram Sanctam con- tingentem, in ilia contentum. Et ut ampliori misera- lione moveamini super monasterio de Beletun, quod est specialiori prserogativa vestrse sanctitatis novella plan- tatio, colono quod plantavit rigante, Domino autem, sine quo neque qui plantat, neqvie qui rigat, aliquid est, incrementum dante, cum Isetiori spei expectatione abundantiores salutis fructus in Christo prolatura.^ Plurimum est desiderabile ut hie morse dispendium non ingerat, quamvis jugiter ingruam, tarn varia occupa- tionum turbamina, oblivionis quod absit incm'ia. Cus- todiat vos Dei virtus, Dei sapientia, Dei sanctificatio per beatam interventionem superdignissimse Genitricis suae. Feria secunda post purificationem Beatse Virginis Disputes venerunt dominus rex et domina regina Oxoniam. "^ ^^f ^^^' . . . versity oi Ubi occasione duorum clericorum pro suis delictis Oxford, incarceratorum, egit universitas scholarium apud domi- ^ ■ • ^-^^* num regem, ut per Cancellarium pro quocunque Feb. 4th. excessu vel facinore, clerici comprehensi et requisiti liberentur de carcere regio et reddantur Cancellario ; quia^ dominus rex concessit eis hoc fieri in delictis illis, in quibus Cancellarius vicem gerens episcopi potest exhibere justitiam, condignas poenas infligendo. In atrocibus autem criminibus, in quibus requiritur aut depositio aut degradatio, nullatenus concessit ut reddantur incarcerati clerici nisi episcopo, vel ejus ofiiciali, vel vicario ad hoc constituto ; propter quod ad- huc in confectione prsesentium magna fuit conten- tionis seditio inter juniores et seniores universitatis, illis nequaquam acceptantibus, istis vero multum approbantibus, in hac parte, dictam formam regise con- cessionis. Liberavit dominus rex prsefatos clericos duos ' prolaturas, MS. ] ^ Q', MS. H 2 116 AD^ DE MARISCO incarceratos ad petitionem scholariuin absolute, et tamen cum jam cessassent magistri a lectionibus per multos dies, adhuc lectiones non resumpserunt.^ Feb. "A Feria quinta post purificationem, licet promitteret eis dominus rex quod haberet colloquium cum prselatis et proceribus suis super dictam petitionem scholarium, et quod de eorum consilio, aut secundum formam petitam, aut per aliam competentem, eis provideret quoad fieri posset inoffensa justitia regni et ecclesi?e, quod super his futurum est in brevi postmodum scietur. Perseverat domina regina, benedictio sit Altissimo, in salutari proposito suo, super prsesentationem illorum, quos ad salutis ministerium evocavit, constanter, sapi- enter, et diligenter, ut res expostulate satagens in liac parte conceptam Dei voluntatem adimplere, pro qua, si placet, quod et semper facitis, Salvatorem vigilantius interpelletis. Conservet vos in difficillimo salutis mi- nisterio his diebus damnatissimis sapientia Altissimi, attingens a fine usque ad finem fortiter, et disponens omnia suaviter. Singulos articulos eorum quse prse- scripta sunt, licet milii non satis vacaret, vobis ex singulis singulorum causis insinuavi. XXVII. Domino Lincolniw Frater Ada. On the Vehemens inundatio anxiorum negotiorum, cujus subject. priniitus in littera meministis, pietati fidelium conster- nationis horrorem incuteret, si non insuperabilem fidei sublevatse fiduciam afFerret, quod apostolicse strenuitatis pavida soUicitudo salubriter excitat, quasi sopiti Sal- vatoris, retentam sententiam, per quam omnipotenti summse majestatis imperio reprimuntur venti dsemoni- alium nequitiarum, et mare malignitatis humanse per- ' Quoted by Ant. Wood, \n his Hist, Univ., in an. 1251. See his note. EPISTOL/E. 117 domatur, ut fiat orJinis reformati beata tranquillitas. Nuraquid aliquando et non pereniiiter : " Ecce," inquit, " vobiscum sum usque ad consummationem sa^culi?" Sit clementissimo Dei Filio supersiTeculariter altissima benedictio. Concessit divinitas propitia per sedulam sanctitatis vestrae pietatem sedari commotionum turbines in universitate Oxonise, ad lionorem Dei et utilitatem studentium. Plurimum credo fore salutiferam visita- tionem quani in domo Godestowe fieri fecistis. Pater - nitatis vestra3 sollicitudinem largitio divina remuneret.^ Vos melius nostis qualia frequentius reportantur de inquisitionibus factis per capitula ruralia super pnesen- tationibus q. . .* cumque. Videtur autem mihi bene pro- cessum esse in facto sacerdotis pra?sentati ad vicariam de Blokkesham, qui ut ex probabili assertione accepi in Hybernia sacerdos ordinatus est, non plus circiter decern annis postmodum elapsis. Et ideo ipsum ad vestram requisitionem factam in jure super sua ordinatione con- stat mentitum esse, utpote plane dicentem se ordina- tum fuisse in sacerdotem a domino Sarum tempore an- tecessoris vestri. Consulo vero ut nisi renunciare velit juri quod habere videtur, omnimodis prorogetur negotium ejus usque post instans natale Domini, aut in omne tempus per exceptiones qure abundare cognoscuntur. Spero enim quod Dominus dabit opportunitates con- gruas repellendi pestilentem, quominus irrurapat sanc- tuarium Dei. Insinuatum est mihi quod fornicationis prolem suscitaverit in villa qme dicitur Bereford prope Blokkesham, cum ibidem divina ministraret, infameni obscense conversationis vitam agens ante pauca tempora. Id quod auditum est de vicario ecclesife Sancti Egidii multos misit in admirationem. Item scrips! non sine damnis imminentibus ancipitem pendere ex- pectationem in administratione plena rerum vestra- ' See p. 99, n, | -Here a flaw occurs iu the MS. i i S AD^ DE MARISCO rum senescallo vestro committenda, quia sicut express! in littera, nondum rationibus auditis ballivorum ves- trorum, idem senescallus vester res vestras in singulis maneriis, sub certis mensura, numero et pretio, quod satis importunum esse judico, recepit ; et idcirco aliqui quasi nacti opportunitatem in locis pluribus dissipation! inserviebant, et ut timetur, inserviunt. In rotulis quos penes vos habetis de temporalibus vestris provide fac- tum esse gaudeo, desiderans omnino, ut unus per solli- citudinem fidelium et prudentium conficiatur super omnibus servitiis, eonsuetudinibus, homagiis, juribus, terris, redditibus et quibuscunque proventibus, tem- poralia vestra respicientibus, sicut noimunquam super lioc vobiscum habitus est sermo. Utinam dominus Job. de Crakbale et R. de Hestbale ' quod inceperunt de ratiociniis perfecissent sine morse dispendio. Ab eo quod visum est de bonoratione virginis de- sponsandfB discretis quos consuluistis ego non recedo. Mihi consultum foret sicut video ad quietem corpo- ralem et mentalem vacationem ut in instanti natalicio Domini in partibus Oxoni?e remanerem. Quod si fieri domination! vestr?e non displiceret, optarem illud mihi insinuari ; sin autem, indigeo mitt! evectiones ut feria quinta proxima ante diem Nativitatis versus vos iter arripere valeam. Bonum est quod litteram meara per manum magistri Willielmi cleric! domini Can- tuariensis recepistis. " Nollem enim ut aliqua ipsius contenta ad aliorum prrevenirent notitiam. Absit ut in seternum fratres vobis non sint devo- tissime subject!, qui solatium fratris W. de PokeHng- tun^ vobis non denegarunt, sed distulerunt personalem ejus accessum ad vos, propter suee religionis incre- ' Or Eobert de Easthale. One of this name held a prebend in St. Paul's, London, in 1262, and was also Archdeacon of Worcester. See Epist. CIX. CXVII. CXX. ■ See p. 108. Pokeligtun, MS. EPISTOL^. ] 1 9 mentum, qui nuper Oxonine primo professionis supe vocem, ut moris est, solempniter emisit. Non sine magno periculo, si secus fieri posset, domui de Beletmi non est provisum. Consultissimum foret ut is sub quo dissipata dicitur esse ibidem religio, inde cele- riter amoveretur. Utinam magister Thomas de Ver- dun, qure Dei sunt in iis, qufe memoratam domum contingunt, et cfeteris omnibus ecclesiasticse necessitati cedentibus, consilium et auxilium diligenter impen- dat ; ad quod forte expediret ut ipse per vos bono modo inducetur. Mitto vobis cartulam abscissam de littera mihi nuper transmissa a quodam mihi familiari, et vobis devotlssimo, Londini commoranti, de verbis habitis in eonsistorio coram ofRciali domini Cantuarijie sedente pro tribunali, ut videat vestrte sanctitatis provida disertitudo quid ob hujuscemodi occasionem agi de- beat. Valeat desideranda vestrse beatitudinis incolu- mitas in Christo, etc. Detinui cui-sorem ex causa per unum diem. XXVIII. Domino Lincoln tea Fratev Ada. Mitissimi cordis propensiori grati?e, quod exilita- Expresses tls meae qualiscunque devotio non sufficit, satisfaciat, ^^ anxiety oro, inrestimabilis clementiee sempiterna retributio. retreat. Contristavit me sermo sapientialis, quem cartse mihi transmisspe censuistis inserendum, cum eo quod sub- junxit non tam conceptus veritatis quam humilitatis affectus ; prremisistis enim, " Si verum est, quod nemo " eligeret vivere sine amicis," adjicientes, " cum ego ut " scis sine amici prsesentia sim, aut homo non sum, sed " brutum aliquod solivagum, quod solitudo delectat, aut " tsedet animam meam vitas mese." Certe verum est 120 AD.E DE MARISCO quod nemo eligeiet vivere sine aniicis. Nempe qui- cumque secluditur ab amicitic^ contubernio, quee est mutua benevolentia in contrapassis, se ipsos videlicet a se invicem vera jucunditate suseipieutibus, sui ipsius secundum optimum sui detiimento inexplicabili cogno- scitur cruciari, et plus agere animum quam anima vivere convincitur, quia de amici vitali pr?esentia non Isetatur. Sed numquid putabimus horainem, idcirco sic dic- tum quia secundum intellectualem subsistentiam crea- tum, secundum decoram imaginem formatum, secundum sanctam similitudinem renovatum,^ amicorum carere solatio, quem conciliat cum viventis Dei Filio indi- viduum vitas consortium ? qui secundum scripturam permanens in se omnia innovat, et per nationes in animas sanctas se transfert,- amicos Dei et proplietas constituit. Interpellat quoque Patrem : " Pater sancte," inquiens, " serva eos in nomine tuo quos dedisti mihi, " ut sint unum sicut et nos/' Exauditus quoque pro sua reverentia subjunxit, dicens : " Et ego clari- " tatem quam tu dedisti mihi dedi eis, ut sint unum " sicut et nos uni sumus : Pater, quos dedisti mihi " volo ut ubi sum ego et illi sint mecuni ; ut videant '' claritatem meam, quam dedisti mihi, quia dilexisti " me ante constitutionem mundi." Respicimit haic j)roprie ad electas animas ; ad coelestes animos congrue refertur illud : '• Ubicunque fuerit corpus ibi congre- " gabuntur et aquiljie/' Et alibi : " Millia millium " ministrabant ei et deeies millies centena millia " assistebant ei." Num igitur qureso dici poterit veri nominis homo, quem et perenne desiderium et studium coeleste, non tarn electis animabus, quam coelestibus animis, in Dei Filio et consociat et adunat, amicorum suj^erfeliei ' revocaium, MS. | - Sic. EPLSTOL.E. 121 destitutus prassentia, ufc juxta supeiiorem sententiae vestrfie seriem, aut solivagium briiti fateamur, aiit queramur aiiiina? tn^dium ? Creterum cedat interini obsecro dilectio rationi, et concedat provisiva dispen- sationis vestrjB dignatio, ut proficiscentibiis vobis in salutis operationem ad partes septentrionis, exiguitatis mepe, prout fuerit propitia divinitas, ad profectum interioris hominis homo vacet exterior, et a placida dominationis vestra3 pietate, hoc pro pra?cipuo mmieris beneficio eximii siiscipiain. Aspirante qiiippe Spiritu Saiicto prresentiam spiritualem eorporalis absentia nun- quarn valebit exchidere. Cogito me in locum aliquem opportmipe tranquillitatis transferre, quousque firmi ^ moderaminis sospes prosperitas vos reduxerit ibidem mansurum. Non pigeat precor super his quod vestro sederit beneplacito ut noveritis et volueritis insinuare. Quam periculosum erit ni fallor si non ad honorem Divini nominis, et human?e salutis incrementum, arti- cidos illos personam vestram, ecclesiam vestram, domum vestram, populum vestrum contingentes, super quibus nuper habitum est colloquium, vestrse disertitudinis validse virtutis auctoritate ad salutaris exitus consurn- mationem, sine cujuslibet morpe dispendio, perducere vigilantissime satagatis. Prnestet oro vobis altissimi'- Dei patrocinium, prajsidium Angelorum, Sanctorum adjutorium, suffragium sacramentorum, contra sajvi- entia formidand?e malignitatis molimina, ad ilium linem universa sanctitatis opera referre, ubi est Deus omnia in omnibus feternitate certa et j^ace perfecta. Quid sibi volunt pastorum cunei, cum conspiratione The Pasto- populorum clerum, ut audinms, in regno Fi-ancia; i'^-^^^^- effrenata rabie pervadentes, non sine stupore cogitari potest sicut reor. De quibus expresse non scribo, conjiciens cpiod ad auditum vestrum relatio tam hor- renda pervenerit. ' Jr^ni, MS. | - altissimus, MS. 122 AD^ DE MARISCO XXIX. Domino LincolnicB Frater Ada. liequests Ad devotam magnorum multorum instantiam, Oxo- that the ^^^^ stiidentium, sub ea qiia possumus Immilitatis Eeg. of affectione, sanctitatis vestrse pife paternitati obnixius be^admk- ^upplico, quatenus Margaretae virgini, nepti magistri ted into the Reginaldi de Bathonia/ sub regular! institutione in Oodslmv ^ f^o™o de Godestowe Deo famulari cupienti, quam a diebus multis ad hoc ipsum religiosius educatam, non- nullorum laudabile testimonium reddit commendabi- lem, ob contemplationem Salvatoris in pemulando suje salutis negotio, favorem benevolum de consueta be- nignfe miserationis subventione, velitis exbibere op- portunius ; ut in memorato monasterio in societatem sanctitatis suscipi valeat, et ibidem pio jungi collegio ; cum ut intellexi domina Abbatissa et ejusdem loci conventus, quantum in se est, ad ipsius susceptionem promtam gerant in .Domino voluntatem. Valeat vestr^e beatitudinis incolumitas in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. Mitto vobis cartulas nuper mihi a Janua et Lon- dino transmissas, si forte in illis aliquid reperiatur unde certificari velitis. XXX. Domino Lincolnice Frater Ada.^ Account of Quod volui jamdudum sed nunc demum valeo the charges longanimi vestr^e sanctitatis expectationi, processum brought ^ . , , . . . against the liabitum bis diebus m curia dommi regis, super nego- Earl of ^^^g Vasconise, inclytum comitem Leycestrise contingen- for his ad- tibus, tenore prsesentium summatim innotesco. ' See Epist. CXIV. 1 - Translated by Mrs. Green. I " Princesses." I. 447. EPISTOL.^. 123 Siquidem circa festum ascensionis Domini accesserant ministra- ad prsesentiam domini regis, in multitudine numerosa, !:^"" '" .... . Gascony. Vascones tarn clerici quam laici, coram domino rege, prselatis et baronibus, maliciosis mendaciorum compo.si- May oth. tionibus dictum comitem effrsenatius impetentes, super vexationibus, spolia tionibus, fraudationibus, oppression i- bus, et fere usque ad festum Beati Barnabse lioc modo June nth. nequitiarum suarum molimina, die ac nocte, occulte ac publice, impudentiori rabie continuantes. Quibus favor et audientia solempniter et private, non sine sugges- tionibus iniquitatis, jugiter sunt concessi, stupentibus universis prfecipue justitiam et fequitatem ?emulan- tibus. Insuper et idem comes convicia et contumelias a domino rege coram multis et magnis, immoderatiori vociferatione, frequenter interim est perpessus, per om- nia moderantiam mansuetudinis cum magnanimitatis maturitate, et ad suum dominum et ad adversarios suos, observans. Nescio si a longissimis retro temporibus cum aliquo procerum vel privatorum tam manifesta sit actum pervicacia ; paucissimis prseter dominum Wy- goniensem,^ dominum P. de Sabaudia,~ et dominum P. de Monteforti,^ inter tanta fastidia et discrimina prsesidium fidele ferentibus ; cum tamen pontifices tunc prsesentes, et dominus comes Cornubise,^ et cjieteri fratres domini regis, et majores de consilio, barones quoque regni, comitis Leycestri?e magnificam virtu- tem, fidem intemerabilem, triumphalem strenuitatem, justam intentionem eminenti extoUerent pr?econio, auxilium quoque et consilium, ad conservandum eundem comitem sine pericrdo, jactura et dedecore, et meipso qualicunque nonnullos de majoribus eorum supradictis alloquente, spondere non omitterent. ' See p. 82, 71. - Peter of Savoy, founder of tlie Hospital of that name ; uncle to the Queen of England and brother of Archbishop Boniface. See Epist. CXLVI. ^ An adherent of Simon de Mont- fort the Earl of Leicester. His daughter afterwards married the Earl's son and heir, William. See a long account of him in Dugdale's Baronage, I. 408. 4 Richard E. of Cornwall, after- wards Emperor. 124 AD^ DE MAEISCO Trial of the Yerum in tarn frequenti vocali benevolentia semper Leicest r experiebatur perraram realem amicitiam. Quid pro- tendat ^ magistratuum vestrorum ^ exeeranda sa?culis omnibus ignavia, vestra scio melius restimat provida consideratio. Quid, inquam, nisi subitationis insperatse formidandum excidium ? Cum autem post diuturnas impiorum concrepationes, vix extortum esset laborio- sis instantiis ut comes Leycestrise et viri plures potes- tate^ validi et fidelitate firmi, eloquio rationabiles et l^erseverantia indefessi, opulentia prnediti, in negotiis consulti, in difficultatibus animosi, sicut hac vice series causarum potissime declaravit, qui ex adverso sicut et prjefati eorum adversarii, ad mandatum domini regis, sub salvo conductu de Vasconia venerant, sicut ratio cogebat, andirentur ; memoratus comes Leycestriae Ivicu- lentfe rationis clara prosecutione, ab initio sui ingressus in Yasconiam usque ad pra?sentem diem, processus sui ordinem, tarn in pacifico moderamine, quam in labore bellico, pro ecclesise dignitate et majestate regia, nec- non tam cleri quam populi securitate pariter et salute, undique veraci testimonio subnixus, coram domino rege et suis magnatibus demonstravit, et singula repu- tatione discna ab semulis denuntiata singulis veritatis probata^ responsis confutavit. Insuper etiam viri prse- dicti, tam milites quam cives, qui domino regi et comiti Leycestrise, tam bello quam pace, vigenter et strenue servierant, muniti litteris patentibus commu- nitatis Burdegalensis, in qua quasi totum robur Vas- coniee ad distringendum liostiles, et fideles protegen- dum, consistere dignoscitur, ex scriptis authenticis per sermones disertos manifeste monstrarmit, quam potent! strenuitate, quam prudenti circumspectione, quam justo moderamine, quam perseveranti longanimitate, dominus comes terram Vasconios ad domini regis et liseredum suorum profectum et lionorem, ad sublevationem de- Sic, MS. I ' />"o, MS. EPLSTOL.E. 125 votoiiim, ad castigationem rebellium, ad universorum Trial of the salutarem reformationem, non sine nimiis personarum Leicester. periculis, et profusis pecuniarum sumptibus, et maxi- marum difficultatnm aggressionibus, acerrimarum mo- lestiarum sustinentiis, usque in prsesens gubernaverit. Efficacioribus etiam documentorum evidentium persua- sionibus cunctis ostendentes, contra comitem Symonem non ob aliud concitatam esse pr^dictorum conspira- tionem, nisi quod sacrilegia, liomicidia, concussiones, captivationes, angarias, rapinas, fraudes, sordes, quas efFeratissima malignitate, nee Deum timentes, nee bo- minem reverentes, sine rege sine lege agentes, foedera violantes, afFectionem non curantes, jugiter exercebant, idem comes studiis quibus valuit coercere curabat ; nunc terroribus pulsando, niuic blandimentis demul- cendo, nunc legibus dirigendo, et ad formam honeste vivendi, ad censuram recte judicandi, ad ritum j^ie colendi, universos incessanter revocare satagebat. Obtiderunt nihilominus, licet tarn scripta quam lin- gua assertionum suarum firmam fidem fecerint, qui ste- terunt in parte comitis, quod vel corporali duello quot- cimque personarum, vel quibuscunque modis aliis quos curia decerneret, indubitata certitudine fixee firmitudinis, astruerent universos suarum propositionum articulos. Ad hoc petentes constantiori instantia, ut tarn eis quam adversariis, per regiam providentiam uecessitas impo- neretur, sub quarumcunque cautionum securitate, in quibuscunque causis quis quem impeteret vel defen- deret, ad parendum juri, et pro se judicata suscipere, et contra se judicata sustinere, sive coram domino rege in regno Anglipe, sive coram judicibus ab eo des- tinatis in teiTam Vasconite ; et propter hoc ipsum con- ductui suo renunciaturi si hostes sui in hoc idem consentirent. Sane dictus comes cum dicta parte sua dum dicto modo ista transigerentur ab initio usque in finera, quoniam ^ sic sestimabatur in pavescendis • qm, MS. 126 AD^ DE MAEISCO Trial of the ^.^^^ graiidium causaruin discriminibus, circumspectms Leicester, posse provideri, et contra rancores odiorum, et contra repugnantias hostilitatum, et contra dissidentias jui*- giorum, indesinenter supplici flagitabat industria, ut per provisivum regime celsitudinis imperium, forma pacis inter ipsum cum snis consentaneis, et adversarios cum suis complicibus, jam ante annum inita, necnon tam baronum quam pontificum instrumentis publicis, ac tam magistratuum quam optimatum juramentis solempnibus firmissime vallata, inviolabili foedere dein- ceps ab universis servaretur, ipsius certe violatoribus animadversione debita plectendis. Quibus omnibus rationabili difFusione distinctius emensis, et licet cum multorum nostrse nationis displi- centia comiter intellectis, pars contraria comiti, imo magis domino regi, nihil horum facere valuit vel voluit, quia ^ onus probandi denuntiationes suas subire, et super quibuscunque impetitionibus aut defensionibus, coram quocunque vel in regno isto vel in terra sua, juri parere et etiam desiderabilem pacis initee reformationem custodire, cum impudentiori diffugio feralis insanise, jDenitus recusarunt. Ad hoc tantum agentes, ut in tanta rerum tam magnarum gravitate, mendacissimis suarum dilationum confictionibus, indubitata fides adhiberetur, et in quibuscunque articulis causam pra3- sentem contingentibus, judiciarium examen declina- retur, et comes Symon a custodia Vasconise, contra domini regis olim consultam dispositionem, de piano amoveretur. Igitur a domino rege et magnatibus hinc inde ple- nius aviditis et perpensis evidenter causarum meritis, dominus rex publice super altercationum nunc dictarum controversiis pronuncians, ipsa veritatis manifestatione fateri compulsus est, pro parte comitis et suorum, non esse locum inficiationi, quiu ipsorum tam rationabilia proposita adversariorum commenta fallacia super men- ^: MS. EPISTOLA. 127 daciorum fraudulentiis coiivicissent ; asserens illis con- 'I'l-ial of the dignam, istis vero nullam adliibendam esse credulita- Leicester tern ; hoc ipsum coinite Richardo et cseteris, tain prsela- tis ecclesise quam proceribus regni, quam et consiliariis principis, unanimi protestatione acclamantibus. Quam- vis autem post hsec nihil restare dignosceretur, nisi Veri- tas defensa prsemiaretur et pmiiretur convicta falsitas, tamen post noctis unius intervallum, reditm- ruptis loris sequitatis et justitise contra comitem Leycestria:^, ad minarum ssevitias, ad protervias exprobrationum, ad objurgationum acrimonias, ad indecentias despectionum, tumultuante regis iracundia, et sibilante perniciosorum fraudulentia, Confunditur fasque nefasque, et dehinc continue per totos dies aliquot et noctes in prolixum tenditur intolerabilis agonise vexatio. Comes vero sicut fieri valuit, inter tarn horrenda commotionum turbamina, ad hoc modis qui congruere credebantur apud dominum regem diligentius agebat, ut de ipsius beneplacito et provisione, pacificatis prius partium discidiis, et illarum utraque^ comiti conciliata per regiam auctoritatem, proficiscereti;ir in terram Vas- conise, ac turns ejusdem custodiam in justitia et judicio, misericordia et miserationibus, et cum omnibus quod in se foret pacem habiturus, ad salvandam eidem domino regi et hseredibus suis, juxta quod sibi desuper annueretm-, in posterum, stabili securitate pacatam, dominationem terrse Vasconise. Quod si dissentionum excluderet placationeni pertinacium improbitas, obtulit se nihilominus dictus comes, ut de domini regis provisiva dispensatione, cum expeditione militum et armorum apparatu, ad tantum negotium necessariis, re- verteretvir in Vasconiam, sui ipsius et amicorum suo- rum personas, sudores, vigilantias et facultates, pro ipsius domini regis et ha3redum suorum indemnitate pariter et profectu, ad liumiliationem rebellium et sub- Sic, MS. 128 AD.E DE MARISCO Trial of the ditorum exaltatioiiem, tarn libenter quam constanter Lari ot expositurus. Si aiitein iieutrum liorum doniinus rex Leicester. ^ eligere conseutiret, supplicavit dictiis comes, dimi ta- men prselati, proceres, et consiliarii concordarent, ut custodifB teiTje Vasconife modis omnibus renuntiaret, per regine potestatis clementem prospectionem, [si] in tribiis conditionnm necessariarum ^ articulis, sibi secura con- sultre deliberationis diffinitione caveretur : videlicet, ne importabilia damna sumtuum incurreret, et magis ne dedecoris probrosam ignominiam incideret, et summe ne ilJi qui se et sua intemeratse fidei strenuitate prse- valida, pro domino rege et suis hseredibus, inter hostili- tatum discrimina et moderamina gubernationum ipsi comiti non cessarunt adhrerere, periculis personarum aut rerum detrimentis aliquatenus exponerentur. Verumtamen cum nihil horum pervenire potuisset ad effectum, tandem dominus rex, pro suae voluntatis arbi- trio, caeteris omnibus pusillanimi silentio torpentibus, ordinationes quasdam proprio motu conceptas, redigi fecit in scripta sigillo suo signata ; videlicet de treuga firmitus tenenda inter partes dissidentes, et inter eomi- tem et adversaries suos, usque ad purificationem Beata; Feb. 2ik1. Yij-ginis proxime futuram, et de sua profeetione vel primogeniti sui in Vasconiam ad idem tempus, ut tunc omnes controversiae, sive litium, sive bellorum, per seipsum vel per suum primogenitum, in eadem terra so- piantur ; et de pnemittendo bajulum in Yasconiam, qui vice regis interim certa quaedam negotia emersa et emersura ibidem expediat, et de castris quibusdam, et de captivis tum- existentibus in manu comitis resti- tuendis et replegiandis, et de aliis pluribus ineptiis, nisi divinitas subveniat, plurimum nocituris ; per omnia manifestissime sui exhseredationem et regni infirmati- onem, et comitis confusionem, et popvdi perturbati- onem, ex sententia sine intermissione procurans. ■ nccessariorum, MS. | - item, MS. EPISTOL.E. 1 29 His autein omnibus sic excursis, recessit comes Ley- Trial of the cestriiie a domino rege siilj obscvira dimissus licentia ; i^eicestcr. qui post recessum suuni litteris patentibus significavit domino regi, se paratum esse parere ipsius boneplaeito pro viiibus quatenus domini regis dumtaxat consulitur profectui pariter et lionori. Deinde divini nominis timore solidatus, et animatus amore, omnem spem suam in ipsum projiciens, qui non deserit sperantes in se, ex his quoque quae passus est ad obedientiam discipli- natus, gaudens et confidens in protectione Altissimi, feria quinta proxima post festinn Beati Barnabie, •T'^n'^ JCth. mari transito, sospes et liilaris cum H.' primogenito suo, acceptissimo vestme sanctitatis almnno, et cum amabili comitiss?e - suie frequentia, Bolonise circiter lioram sextam applicuit ; postmodum sine mor?e dis- pendio, cum accesserit opportunitas, in Vasconiam pro- fecturus, et sicut fuerit voluntas in coelo dispensaturus rerum moderamina. Vasconiam siquidem jiartes memo- rata? superius, postea a domino rege recesserunt, odi- orum discordias et fomites proBliorum in cordibus non inediocriter off'ensis secum reportantes, ut putatur, contra se invicem et contra suum dominatorem solito amplius provocatfe,"' de proceribus regni et consiliariis regis exilia satis et sinistra sentientes et manifeste divulgantes, super profectione comitis in Vasconiam, parte ipsius potissime lo?tificata, parte vero adversa summe consternata. Anceps expectatur eventus a motu regio, praesertim cum ignoratur si quid contra eundem comitem ipse rex ob quamcunque causam, Domino per- mittente sit attemptaturus, an non, Domino prohibente. Conservetur optanda vestra3 beatitudinis incolumitas in Christo Jesu senq^er et beatissima Virgine. Scio opus non esse recommendaticia pro inclyto comite, pie- tati vestrte inter mortales devotissimo, nee non de sanctitatis vestrse ineritis, et orationis vestrse suffragiis ' Henry. See p. 163, //. l ^ provocutcr, MS. - rcmitiva, MS., and possibly correctly. | 130 ABM DE MARISCO Trial of the spiritualem pro universis in Dei Filio fiduciam repor- Leicester. tante. PnTeseiitat se domina coiuitissa Leycestrise illiistris dignissiraee dominationi vestrae, per pi'sesentein scripturani, cum supplicissiinis gratiai-uni actionibus, et humillimis pietatum obsecrationibus, paternitatis vestrse pedes complexa, dominum suum seque, cum liberis suis, et domo sua, et cmictis contingentibus ipsam, inter tanta discriminum formidamina, vobis in benedicto Dei Filio j^er sanctam Dei Genitricem recom mendans. Datum Suttunpe in Kantia, sabbatho proximo post festum Beati Barnab?e. Detinuit conies, et ego post recessum comitis, cursorem vestrum, quia non tam de die in diem, quam de hora in horam, sub velocissimge varietatis eventu dubio, hactenus continue pendebat omnis signandse certitudinis effectus. XXXI. Domino Lincolnioe Frater Ada. Interposes Licet veritus fuerim, inter tam varias vestrae sancti- for the _ _ ' _ ^ Nunnery tatis occupationes, quamvis piarum aurium clementise *"' ''^"" suaviori tantas precum inculcare frequentias ; ^ tamen in desiderabili causae salutaris executione periculosissima tractioris morse dispendia nullatenus sustinere potui, quominus supplicem prsesentis instantise petitoriani dominationis vestrse benignse paternitati conscriberem. Igitur auctoritatis vestrse benevolas disertitudini humili- ter supplico, rogans attentius quatenus vestri prsesulatus opera salutaria perseveratim prosequentes diligentia, sedi- ficium cceleste per provisivam vestrae circumspectionis sollicitudinem, et erectum pridem, et nuper reparatum ; ubi quod constructum magnifice laudavimus, doluimus repente collapsum, venerandum loquor collegium in mo- Sic. kimstolte. 131 nasterio cle Beletiin virginiim Dei Filio famulaiitium, tam patrocinio })otostati.s defendeve, quam doctriiia veri- tatis einendare, qiiam etiani disciplina sanctitatis ador- nare, ob illius cousiderationern, qui gratite suaj dona uon deserens, nunquaiu desistit quousque coinpleverit, inde- ficienti curetis superintentione, potissime diebus istis, juxta quod praBsentium necessitatiim urgentiores arti- culi pietati vestras, si placet, plenius insinuandi cogentius requirere perhibentur. Conservetur divinitus beatitudinis vestrre sospes in- columitas in Cln-isto Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. XXXIl. Domino Livcolnice Frater Ada. Quod non A^alet languens anima lingua proficere, Had pro- littera supplet saltern ut valet, videlicet vestram alio- visiting qui singulariter desiderabilem sanctimoniam. Siquidem Rome with T . , , . r-i , • • Boniface cum reverendissnnus pater dommus (Jantuariensis, prop- Abp. of ter causam motam inter ipsum et ecclesiam Londin- Canter- . . . biivy, ensem,^ sedem apostolicam adi turns Angliam exisset, ego plurimis cogentiis, quibus contraire nequivi, quominus cum ipso proficiscerer sum detentus, avido semper pectore pr^estolans status vestri, causae vestrse, felices eventus, divinitate propitia, mihi signari. Rogo igitur, nuUo piaruni precum genere prsetermisso, ut supra me- moratum dominum, cum ea quse decet reverentia susci- pientes, et efficaciam auxilii, et consilii disertitudinem, et directionem propositi, et negotii promotionem, quoad secundum Deum faciendum censueritis, eidem exhibere non ducatis indignum. Si inveni gratiam in oculis sanctpe benignitatis vestrtie prtesentem exaudite petitio- nem pro prsedicto domino, qui secundum quod oculata fide conspexi, et vigente vigilantia, et dilectione cir- cumspecta, et benigna semulatione, et longanimi perse- 1 See Epist. LTIT. I 2 132 AD.E DE MARISCO verantia, tain in Cantiiaviensi quani in Roffensi diocesi, visitationis oflicium domino propitio consummavit. Conservetur ore vestrre sanctitatis incoluniitas in C'hrisfco Jesii semper et beatissima Virgine ecclesias sancta; sua^ per tempera longiora. XXXIII. Domino Lincolniw F rater Ada. ■Rob. de git, beniona; dio-nationi vestne, ciiia:' milii parcere Marisco . =' . ° •^ ■ A • ^ cannot wait consensit, sempiterna retributio. Urave eiit mnitum on the mao'i.stro Roberto de Marisco, sicut vos melius nostis, iJi-shop, as .-,•!• • • • 1 • L T T^ he has to venire Lnicohiiam, m mstanti solernnitate natabs Do- take his iniiii sed tamen, sicut dignum est, vestro parebit bene- Degree at / . Oxford. placito ; quera vellem plurimum per rnanunm vestrarnm Grostet impositionem ad sanctum sacerdotium promoveri, pri- will attend, usquam illud fieret quod facere disposuistis. Cuicumque commiseritis illud, quod memorato magistro Roberto committere proposuistis, omnino consultum crit, ne quantumcumque laudabiles eidem coUegas et compares assignetis, sed tamen subditos et coadjutores. Veren- dum semper est, ubi unicus autlientica non praesidet potestate, in rebus administrandis ordinis tranquillita- tem fore turbandam. Supervacuum est ad sajiientern considerationem sollertis experienti?e in liac parte conari suasoriis. Forte teinpus inceptionis prsefati magistri ultra diem quam designastis, si fieri commode possit, prorogari conveniret. Fiet tamen. Domino dante, ut volueritis. Si ratio non obsisteret et exliiberi valeret domina- tionis vestrte desiderata prsesentia, vellem ulterius differri dictam inceptionem aliquot diebus. Causa subest puto nonnulla. Desiderat, secundum quod datum est mihi intelli- gere/ venerabilis pater dominus J. de sancto Egidio,- intelliyi, MS. I Oxford. Rob. de IMarisco succeeded J. de S. Egidio, Archdeacon of I him, See Epist. LXIV. EPISTOL^. 133 Je cujus exitii de die in diem nietuitur, ciiiii et viri- bus corporis et sen.suum vivacitate ])rorsus sit de- stitutus, quod per paternitatis vestras providentiain, a^sigiiata sibi certa sustentatione de prrobenda Lec- tun,' quoad in carne supers tes fuerit, praefatte prajbendtc sine morse dispendio renunciare. Cujus, ut audio, pos- sessiones dissipantur et perduntur animfe, cum curam administret presbyter quidam, junior tetate et penitus sicut reor moribus, nujier in judicio A'estro sub forni- catione in eadeni parocliia perpetrata convictus et punitus ; qui etiam facinorosum alium presbyterum, in examine A^estro pro enormium fornicationum vitio, et- ut fertur sententialiter condemnatum,- in adjuto- rium penitus subvertendte salutis evocavit. Pluri- mum admirandum est si clamor tam horribilium abo- minationum ad audientiam pietatis vestra3 adhuc non pervenerit. Scio, et indubitanter scio, quam intolera- bile sit sanct?e pemulationi vestrte tales pestes ecclesia- rum custodias administrare, ne dicam profanare, vel per momentum. Miseremini ergo sanctuario Dei, mise- remini filio spirituali, miseremini proprire plebi, et l)ericula causarum tam gravium prospiciat auctoritatis vestne indefessa vigilantia, ut etiam greges Domini, si fieri potest, ipso patrocinante, a rictibus eripian- tur canum impudentissimorum, nescientium satietatem. Mihi insinuatum est quod memoratus dominus J. sub custodia, cura et consolatione domini Archidiaconi Bedefordire, dies qui sibi supersunt agere, per vestrre discretionis ordinationem, si hoc divinitus concedatur, exoptat. Suppliciter obsecro ut quo3 viva voce per devotissi- mum filium vestrum, et secretarium meum amicissimum, Magistrum Williehnum de Pokelington vestrre signifi- cavero reverentise, velitis, si juste vobis displicere non debeant, acceptare cum efFectu. Causa?, dilecti mei in Christo domini Williebni de Middiltun, viri honesti et ' Lectii^, MS. I - c$t , . . . coii'kninatus, MS. 134 AD.E DE MAEIrfCO discreti, quondam capellani Archidiaconi Oxoiiieiisis, cum ipsa, si placet, vobis iiisinuabituv, veritate i)nevia ' et inofFensa justitia rogo favorabiliter intendere dig- nemini. Conservet Dominus vestrte beatitudinis incolumitatem in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. XXXIV. Domino Lincolniw F rater Ada. Requests Pro 60 quod tam diligenter de mittendo in Vasco- messenger ^^i^^^^ ^^^^ certificare voluistis, dignationi vestrse cum to be sent supplicibus assurgo gratiarum actionibus. Verum quo- cony to tiie ^^i*^ii^ litteras domino comiti Leycestrise et dominai Earl of comitissi© transmittendas sic expedire nequeo, ut ha- may call' beantur Bugedeni feria quinta, die videlicet Sanctorum for his Symonis et Judpe, sicut mandastis, humiliter rogo, ve- niam deprecans impotentise, ut nuncium a vobis in Oct. 28th. Yasconiam profecturum per me facere transitum jube- atis, qui ad memoratos comitem et comitissam litteras deferat, eisdem a me, Domino dante, destinandas. Ex eis qure eruperunt de corde illius, per quem negotium quod nostis expediendum, si fieri potuisset, censuistis. in audientia dominas reginie me coram posito, conjici possimt motus, vix mitigabiles, ex variis occasionibus coucepti erga gerraanum suum ; fides tamen credo quod non violetur nisi, quod absit, ad intolerabiles dissensionum fomites, exasperat?e mentes, causis excres- centibus, inflammentur. Nondum plene contuli cum Magistro Roberto de Marisco de personis aptis ad curam pnebendalem, de quibus sermonem deliberatorium nobis imposvustis. Verumtamen sicut nunc video hue occurrunt Magister Salomon de Dovoria, ad sacerdotium per vos pro- motus, qui fertur laudabiliter egisse in ecclesia, quam de manu vestra regendam suscepit prope Northamp- ' p-ma, MS. EPISTOL^. 1 o5 tonam ; raagister Petrus de Aldam cliaconii.s, propo- situm ut reor liabens personaliter vigiiaiidi super gregem quem ciiranduni suscepit ; magister Ricardus Cornubire subdiaconiis, vestr;e paternitati non incog- nitus, idioniatis Anglici carens promptitudiiie ; omnino viri conversationis honestjie, integreeque opinionis, lit- teiis qiioque liunuiiiis et divini.s eruditi. Desiderabile erit si specialiter filii vestri Magistri Roberti de Ma- lisco inception!, post puiificationem Beatse Virginis, ofRciuni eruditionis iiiipendendse in divinis eloquiis divinitate propitia suscepturi, personabiliter preesidentes adesse volueritis. Rogo signifieetis quid super hoc fieri censueritis. Morabimtur secundum quod ordi- natum est puto cum domino Cantuariensi frater Gre- gorius pro prpedicationis officio, magister Eustachius de Len pro officio cancellarine.' Erit igitur operse pretium ut secundum quod dabitur opportunitas utrisque salu- tiferas exhortationes, tam per sciipturain, quam elo- quium diligenter exhibere studeatis, prout ajuiulationis fervidse circumspecta discretio vobis suggesserit. Valeat vestrre beatitudinis incolumitas in Cbristo semper et beatissima Virgine. Magister Johannes de Schersted rector ecclesise de Pokelingtun personaliter superintendens ovili dominico sibi commisso, vir ut jestimo zelans animas, sapiens et gnarus, cui oonver- satio probata est in tribubus suis, creditur fore idoneus ad onera ecclesiastica qupecunque eideni imj)onenda, et per omnia sedulus in operatione salutis. Solidos illos tredecim quos vestri gratia pr^ecepistis The poor de eleemosyna vestra deferri Oxoniam, ad opus pau- Q^ford^ "^ perum scliolarium, ipsi nondum perceperunt ; quod had not re- "o , IT- L • n • • r 1. ceived the lorte per oblivionem est omissum. Carissimus irater jg^. jj^. Johaimes de Stanford - in proximo, domino duce, ad vos tended for veniet Bugedenum, coelica consolationum solatia piis conceptibus sanctitatis vestrte communicaturus. Sit vobis profectus jugiter per pncem in terris, et gloriam in excelsis. ' See p. 114. I - See p. 71. 1^6 AD.E t)E MARISCO XXXV. Domino Lincohilw Frater Ada. Recom- mends him to consult Adam of Hekes- hover for liis health. Intercedes for two Scholars in Ox- ford, the Bishop's kinsmen. Nuim^uid legislator liberandum populum Dei tie diia servitute fornacis fenepe divina jussione suscepit, nisi prills coneussionem ^gyptii atroci morte multasset, et repressisset castigatione severa fratris calumniam ? An- non prius auctoritas proplietalis paiiperuiu relevavit iiiediani quain a tuinidfe tyrannidis perdente perlidia oppressas animas temptasset eximere ? Esther, pro gentis supe salute efferatuni niitigatura supplicationibiis iinperium, corpus suuni humiliavit jejuniis, oiuniaque loca in quibus Itetari ante consueverat crinium lacera- tione coniplevit, et deprecabatur Dominuni Deun: Israel. Judith contra ingruentes vastissimte hostilitatis depopu- lationes, virtu te virili fidelem fiduciam accingens, in- gressa est oratoriuni suuni, et induens se cilicio posuit cinerein super caput suuni, et prosternens se coram Domino clamavit ad Dominum dicens : " Memento, " Domine, testamenti tui, et da verbum in ore meo, et " in corde meo consilium corrobora, ut doraus tua in " tua sanctificatione permaneat, et omnes gentes ag- " noscant quia Tu es Deus, et non est alius pneter " Te." Sed quorsum ha?c ? Num movere conabor ad res salvificas sollertem a^mulationis coelicjie pietateni, cui non est ambigendum quin persuaserit in causa salutis sapientia salutaris, attingens a fine usque ad finem fortiter, et disponens omnia suaviter. Sed ecce, ni fallor omnino, coram benigno pii pectoris judice anxiam moerentis anima? sollicitudinem licet hinc ti- mor compescuerit, illinc tamen amor coegit. Concedat beatus Salvator, ut non id agentibus peecatoi"um meo- rum excessibus, cassi conatus in ventum verba pro- ferantur. Nunquam oro sanctissimis sensibus sibilos serpentinos fraudulentia malignantium blandimenta cum effectu se gaudeant ingessisse. tPISTOL.E. 137 Pro fratre Adam de Hekeshovre' &i sic videakir su- per corporis vestri valetudine consulendo, boiium erit ])uto niittere ad ministrum iiostriiiii, ante paucos dies Coventriani venturimi, quern opto per paternitatis ves- tne lifcteram cxoratum, sine morse dispendio, si fieri valeat, vestram personaliter adire pmesentiam. De factis contino-entibus maffistrum Robertum do Marisco, et quibusdam aliis, quod milii visum est vobis insinuandum viva voce Magistro Willielmo de Poklyng- tun commisi diligentius. Pro duobus scholaribus domi- nationi vestra3 lege propinquitatis attinentibus, (pios et placida conversatio et ingenium docile, studiosa ju- ventus et spes laudabilis, secundum quod eisdem accei)tum perhibetur testimonium, reddit commenda- biles, pro quibus et nonnunquam vestne liberalitatis inter|)ellavi 1)enevolentiam, obsecro suppliciter ut ob contemplationem ejus, qui per proplietam suum enume- ratis operibus pietatis, pra3rogativam ipsorum consum- mationem adnectit dicens : " Carnem tuam ne de- " spexeris, tunc crumpet quasi mane lumen tuum ct '■' sanitas tua citius orietur:" quicpie per apostolum suum hujus rei curam'- tam efticaciter commendans ait: " Si quis suorum et maxime domesticorum curam non " habet, fidem negavit, et est infideli deterior :" in subsidium necessaria) sustentationis, et eruditionis con- tinuanda^ munifice dignationis manum beneficam ape- rire velitis. Mirandura prorsus erit si, quod absit, ipsis apud vestriv sanctitatis arbitrium non suffrage tur divinarum sententiarum patrocinium. Fateor quod inemoratis scholaribus in suarum necessitatum articulo, cum nonnullis quod dignum est tienuilantibus ego qua- liscunque plurimum compatior ; intercedens amplius institi, eo quod instantiam meam frequenter factam in bac parte modicum sensi profecisse. Willielmum de Lyncolnia marescallum vestrum, cujus strenuitatem, fidem ac diligentiam, ministeriis vestris ' IJc/iCxhuu^ei I ' ccim. 138 AD.E DE MARISCO esse reor opportunain, si bono moclo retineie consen- tiatis, liabito super hoc cum opus fuerit providential deliberatioris arbitrio, dominationis vestrse, ut videtur, utilitati conveniet pariter et honori. Transeriptum prsesentis litterpe mihi in nomine caiissimi fratris Gregorii de Bosellis transmissa?, a festo domini Cantu- Nov. 1st. aiiensis in solemnitate Omnium Sanctorum Cantuarias celebrato, sic enim expedire censui, jn*a?sentibus inclu- sum vobis destinavi. Valeat vestrie beatitudinis incolumitas, etc. XXXVI. Domino Lincolnke Frater Ada. Of the Non ignoravit mea [tenuitas] quod, sicut scrip- sponsibili- sistis, collegium non possit suam voluntatem renun- ty required ciare, post prsesentationem alicujus ad beneficium ing to ecclesiasticum nisi forte de voluntate priesentati. Sed benefices, intellexi per priorem de Neuliam, quod et ipse, et suum collegium, et suus prpesentatus, non obstante eorum prtesentatione, vestrse starent ordinationi de ecclesia, quam pnesentarunt, per vestram, si placeret, auctoritatem facienda;. Formidans igitur precipitium animarum in quas totus Satanas, effrenata rabie, his sceleratissimis diebus debacchari conspicitur, clementis- simi pectoris virtutem, licet sermonibus ineptis, sol- licitare studui ad succurrendum, si fieri posset, tarn horrendorum scelerum periculum. Sed esto, gratiam institutionis memoratus pr^sentatus secundum formam canonum assequatur ; de beneficio per ipsius institu- tionem A^acaturo, si fides est apud homines in coelestia foedera conjuratos, poterit ordinare salubriter vestram dispensationis providentia. Quod nisi solito sollicius in hoc casu et similibus argumentosa pietas de caetero vigilandum ceuseat, quid dicani nescio. Utinam om- nibus iis, qui adversantur regno Dei, atrocia diras crudelitatis tormenta contra ccelestes acies exercen- EPISTOL.E. 1 39 tibus, tiiumpliulis dux castrorum iiivinci1)iliniii, si sen- tentii.s divinis uon obsistit, in liac parte (|u;discuiique peccatoris suasioni consentiens, ei adlisereat perenniter, qui attingit a tine usque ad linein fortiter et disponifc omnia suaviter. Forsan assumetur non indigne contra prsesuraptam exhortationem amplexanda cunctis ilia Be- ati Hieronymi sententia qua dicitur : " Delicata doctri- " na est pugnanti ictus clictare de muro, et cum ipse " sis unguentis optimis delibutus, cruentum militem " accusare formidinis." Si hoc contra me dixeritis ve- rissime sicut est dicetis. Verumtameu, uumquid rogo hoc vel tolerabiliter cogitabitur contra vulnei'a inarty- rum, contra sudores apostolorum, demum contra benedictum Dei Filium, quern desideramus despectuni et novissimum virorum, virum dolorum et scientem infirmitatem, qui non nisi in sanguine testamenti eduxit vinctos de lacu. et factus in agonia etiam pio cruore victoriosum rubricavit crucis patibulum, cujus certissimas voces qualibuscumque labiis balbutientis imperiti?e fari gestio ? O quam feliciter amplectendum video illud littene Rejoices vestr?e, videlicet quod vestra in hac parte, hoc est ^^j^ j.^gjgj'J^j in liberandis animabus, non solum reddit vos religiosis all undue et prsesentatis ad curam animarum admissis, sed etiam jjong to l^g. pluribus coepiscopis vestris, railitibus, et magnatibus «efices. pra^sentantibus, et domino regi, et etiam Curiae Romance odiosum. Quod non jactastis insipienter sed humiliter insinuastis. Quid enim ? An non istud est quo nihil piuui pni3sulem honorat excellentius, veracius illustrat, delectat jucundius, et abundantius dilatat ? Qualiter autem id, pro (pio specialiter nmic totiens rescribitur, difficile putabitur validfie circumspectioni, circa quos ^ memorabis : " Sagittse parvulorum factte sunt plagas " ipsorum ;" ut nequaquam, cum opportunitas accesserit, cum prsesentaturis ad curas animarum agat indefessa digni pontificis cliligentia, sancta ccelestium consiliorum Sic. 140 AD.E r>E MARISCO ealliditate, quatenus ad gloriam Dei, et saliitem liomi- num, et sui corouam, personas idoneas, per exactissiinam vestra3 requisition is indiistriam Spiritu Sancto mon- strante repertas, in saliitis operationem prsesentare consentiant ? Fateor qnod non video quid hie causari valeat etiam coactio liginentalis nisi despicabiles stulto- rum, qiiibus est odil>ilis oinnis sapientia, oblatrationes. Nescio quid est quod eoncepta brevitas priysentis car- tulse prius calanium non conipescuit. Sed certus sum quia cleinens veniani non negabit devoto. Conservetur oro vestne beatitudinis incolumilas. XXXVII. Domino Lhicolniiu Frttter Ada. iMoraiizos Etsi domiuationis vestra? littera succinctior respon- feasthitdy ^^"^l^™ ^^^n requisierit, tamen allocutionis jucundse juge lieid at desiderium, cum cursoris intervenerit o})])ortimitas, quod personalis negat absentia, priesentia litteralis sicut va- let supplere curat. Ctuteruni exc^uisitas convivii lau- tiori.s' deliciiX! nuper plurimis magnatum ex Ireti cordis niagnificentia Londini celebrati, quod fama vulgante latius innotuit, utinani etsi caritati conciliandaD profu- erit nequaquam nocuerit femulando moderamini.- Facti circumstantias ignoro, propter quod obioquentium causas pensare nescio per ?B({uitatis stateram. Scio namque quod obtrectantium secum dissidens virosa malignitas ex oppositis pabulum elicit impietatis. Quam circum- s})ecta consideratione opus sit in hac parte inter per- ditissimos mores effeminata3 dissolutionis, ubi qui,^ quorum Deus venter est, stercoriLus congerendis in- seruntur, et decus frugalitatis excutientes, et ignomi- niam ingurgitationis consectantes. Quamvis scriptum ' p luZvris, MS. - lie refers probably to the mar- riage feast of the King of ScotUmd and the Princess ^largarct in 1251. See p. 107. ^ Sic. EPISTOL.l^. 141 Sit: " S|>leiidi(luin in p;iiii])us beiiedieent populi ;" tamen legiinus : " Epulabatur (piotidie splendide et sepultus " est in inferno." Audio sacerdotibns Dei et ndnistris altaris divinitus esse conmiendatani liilareni inensie li- Leralis comnumicationeni, et niliilominus terribiliter condemnatam profusani ipsonnn innaoderantiani in epu- laruin afflnentiis. Su})eivacuuni videtuv hue eloquioruni occurrentiuni ubique super bis atlerre testimonia, })]•«'- sertini cum nieditationis tinioi-e sollicito ipsa nunquam excidissG cognovi, quern circa ea quie nunc nienioravi mihi specialiter, et generaliter universis, jam a longis- simis annorum tractibus incurrere non cessastis. Circa ba?c quid oporteat, tjuid liceat, quid deceat, quid expe- diat, insplendeat oro mundi cordis i)io pectori emanatio ilia Omnipotentis Dei sincera, decussa contagiorum cali- gine, candorque lucis a^ternre, specuhmi sine macula. Valeat, etc. Presentem cartulam, quam ratio negavit, extorsit aflectio, in nocte conscri})tam, quia mihi per diem non vacavit. XXXVIII. Domino TAncolnia' Fratcr Ada. Multum metuendas ^ asi)icio minaces ssevitiarum ter- Is anxious , , . , . ,,. ,. lor an in- rores, et satis amplius seductivas versutiarum callidi- tcrviev.-. tates, et super omnia niaxime effeminantes blandimen- '^^'^ ^^'"S 11- . - 1 • ^ n n L L • • ^^'^ parsed torum inolhties. Sed quid? Cuncta vastatum in through formidantur cum clangat ubique lamentum inconsola- ^"^"'"'^- . ° . . Some ncli- bile factos principes ecclesiarum velut arietes non tious invenientes pascua, et abeuntes absque ulla fortitudine, j^'"j[^^j ante faciein non hujus- sed cunctorum subsequentium. Quis enim non liis diebus damnatissimis gratis trium- Sic. I * Sic, 142 AD^ DE MARISCO pliat [in] duces castrorum Domini ? U])i non indefesse traduntur in direptionem acies Jesu Cliristi ? Ciijns vi- delicet veri Josiue voceni andivit ? Quibus per mundi clamoreni aures non obsurduernnt claniantis ad Altis- sinivim continue, proli dolor ! " Mi Doniine Deus, quid " dicam videns Jerusalem bostibus suis terga verten- " tem ?" Erumpentium sermonum licet densatas an- gustias putavi compescendas. Vereor enim in ventum verba proferre. Sed suppressis eloquiis quis dabit ex- primere laciimas ? Jam a diebus aliquot amplius solito super his qute tam vestrfe sanctitatis quam exilitatis meae contingunt professionem, ecce coram Christo Domini, quid fieri opus sit prorsus nescio. Verum desiderarem plurimum si divinitus daretur vivse vocis vestree in Domino frui directione pariter et solatio, sicut reor non me- diocriter in praesentiarum hoc rebus moderandis fore opportunum. Locutus sum cum domino rege et consiliariis suis, transitum facientibus ]^er Oxoniam, et in medium deducentibus nescio quas quserimoniarum fictiones, vobis, sicuti didici per dominum regem, non incognitas. Sed scio quod si constanter insistatur defensioni veri- tatis prrebebit Dominus verus equo fortitudinem, et circumdabit collo ejus hinnitum, et suscitabit eum sicut locustas, ut contemnat pavorem nee cedat gladio ; procul odoretur bellum, exhortationes ducum, et ulula- tum exercitus. Conjicio ex his quse audivi ex ore regis quod nisi vim pateretur dementia regalis ab improbitate contra- stantium satis in Christo foret serena.' Sic. EPISTOLvE. 1 43 XXXIX. Domino Lincolnice Frater Ada. Neque est fortitude lapidis fortitude vestra, neque is very ur- caro vestra caro asnea. Numquid iion est ero-o labor ^*^"* .'^!"'"^ . . . , . . the bishop s temperandus litteralis studii quod indubitanter nostis health. quia vitales spiritus exhaurit et attenuat corporis liabitudinem, exasperat affectionem et rationem ob- uubilat. Si tameii ardoris fumosi flaininans incendium sancta discretio non castiget, istud puto non segniter est mente pertractandum : " Quid vino salubrius, tem- " perate bibito ; quidque perniciosius si bibentem non " fra?net lex moderaminis ?" TJtinani accenderet sublimis sapientia susurriuni luimilis.^ Anxium est cor meum quod liac vice nequeo in pluribus salutis negotiis, qute preniunt animum, per vestra sublevari consilia. Sed bujus rei unicuni est remedium ut cum urgentia dilationeni non sustine- bit, sicut fieri valet, per calamuni suppleatur id quod lingua non sufficit. Non sine causa, secundum quod supra tetigi, vereor quod inter tarn magnas, inter tarn multiplices, inter tam salutares, inter tarn laboriosas, inter tam sollicitas, inter tarn anxias occupationum vestrarum causas, non minus insollerter, quara insipi- enter, quam et impudenter, piis auribus, quasi sub specie sedulitatis, niniis- importunas ingeram vocifera- tiones. XJtinam ante recessum vestrum spiritum meum littera parvula consoletur. XL. Domino Lincolnice Frater Ada. Fateor quod vestrte pietatis litterfe anxia gravamina, Difficulty . . T .,. ,01 finding super spinarum sarcinas, cordi pavido imposuerunt, fit clergj-- men, ' Sic/JMS. I - minuf!, MS. 14:4! AD.E DE MARISCO unde et noctem lugubrem et diem amariorem agebat moestP spiritus agonia. Quid tristius liis diebus^ pessimis aspicitur, quam quod cum mundus plenus sit clericalis professiouis, liominibus post disquisitiones quantuineunque sollicitas diutissime qua:?sitis, vix re- peritur quem pontificei; utcunque tolerabilem ad ad- jutorium operandn3 salutis valeant assumere. Sed contra liauc immanem perfidifie pestem, jam nunc latis- sime pervagatani, scio quod unicum occurrit remedium quod docet is qui venit salutem operari in medio terras : " Messis," iuquit " multa," etc. " Rogate," etc. Quibus evocandis quid lectins attenditur quam quod altissima Sapientia eum qui super pauca fuit fidelis super multa constituit, definiens etiam quod qui in modico est infidelis, utique etiam et in magno infidelis erit. Quod et vestram sanctitatem tarn frequenter ad informandaiii pia^ circumspectionis cautelam recitasse cognovi. Sed de his liactenus quorum amarissimi planctus justiti;e voces premunc et exprimunt lacri- inas. Det vobis oro inter tantarum rerum discrimina Christus Dei virtus, et Dei sapientia, spem consilii ad electionis industriam, spiritumque fortitudinis ad exe- cutionis potestatem. XLT. Domino Lincolnicc Fratcr Ada salutcmi in terris et glorkim in excelsis. Recom- Cuiii super electione nuper celebrata de magistro mends the N., et asseusus regius et gratia confirmationis adliuc in ambiguo pendeat eventu, si dicto N. pro vestra rever- entia mea modicitas, secundum quod insinuastis, scriberet j^etitorias, posset ut video non irratio- ' mcstis, MS. I ' ihiohus, MS. EPISTOL.K. 145 nabiliter iiupingi, et vobis impudens ambitio, et iiiiLi pra^ceps inconsideratio, et utrique inposterata pne- sumptio. Non igitur rogo displiceat circumspectse pie- tatis vestra^ discretioni, si ad pneseiis iuterpellationi, judicio ineo uon inediocriter reprehendeiite, ipsa reruiii evidentia dissentire coinpellat. Cseterum iion sine stu- pore doleo, si inansueta? inenti sellers indnstria, qiiam erga meam parvitatem pluiibus indiciis, ab annis jii- venilibus, vestri gratia perpendi fuisse serenam ; pra;- sertiiii accedentibus iiiatiirioris ;\:^tatis diebus, quando' per sanctam quietioris vitcie tranquillitatem, pijo mentis ])acatos affectus ad pacis Auotorem, qui pacificos Dei iiliatione beatificans, " Beati, " inquit " pacifici/' etc., tota salutiferi conatus intentione jugiter deducere student, nbi vacetur et audiatur quam suavis est Doniinus, et illud pmelibetur in tempore quo satia- bimur in ?eternitate : si inquam, de ca?tero, conditioni- bus quibuscunque consentiat pugnantibus litigatori?e perturbationis discordiis insistere ; sane post tot spiri- tuum angustias, post tot vexationes corporum, post tot sumptuum efFusiones, post tot jacturas temporum, post tot dissensionum molimiua. post tot altercationes jurgiorum, et ut sit ad unum diecre, post tot damna bonorum omnium, quale hoc erit, si fideJis anima qua^ in divinis eloquiis studiose maluit, innnortalium litium redivivam perniciem, quibus nuUus adhuc patet exitus etiam finis ambigui, amplius aliquo modo velit protra- here ; et quod absit non nisi cum vivendi termino rixas terminare. Credo quia crebro consideraveritis coelestium scripturarum vehementias contra rixatorias pestes litium, de quibus est illud Proverbiorum xviii., " Labia stulti miscent se rixis," etc. ; et iterum, ii. Tin. ii., " Servum Domini non oportet litigare," etc. ; et iterum i. Cor vi. ; et donum ex ore Altissimi qn. K 146 AD^ DE MARISCO quo nihil salubrius amplectitur vir ecclesiasticns : " Qui " velit tecum contendere in judicio/' etc. [Mat. ii.] Sed quorsum ista? Si, amantissime domine, illuc li?ec uni- versa tendunt ut sopitis pernecabilis controversife proe- liis Illo prsestante qui ait : " In mundo pressuram," etc. "Pax Dei, qufe exsuperat omnem sensum, custodiat/' i. Cor. ii.: " Et intelligentias vestras," etc. XLII. . Domino Lincolnice Frater Ada. Repels the Adverto quod sermo Salvatoris contra eum qui objections fugit lupo veniente in Lane quam vobis in Christo by the suadeo fugam nullatenus, si acquieveritis, reprehensi- Bishop bilem reddet vestra9 pietatis providentiam. Nempe against the , . . . i i r- i • ,• propriety uou ad personales mjurias seel ad nciei persecutionem '^f ^'^ est referenda, sicut vestram non puto dubitare peritiam. giving -way. _. „ ^^• • • ■, Denique segre lerunt nonnulli, nee immerito, tarn lior- rendam inter vos et subditos vestros dissensionem. Scitis quia distinguit' divina prseceptio dominos ut multo amplius studeant a suis amari quam timeri ; et intelligant ecclesiasticpe person?e se plus patres pau- perum quam principes populorum. Opus esset hie sermo longior et interj^retabilior, sed importunitas occupationum prolixiorem excludit epistolam. XLIII. Domino Lincolnice Frater Ada. Sends him Quum ad praesentiam vestram, quod plurimum doleo the prophe- mUn personaliter accedere negatur, paucas particulas cies of An error for Puklintun ? See Epist. XXXIV. K 2 148 AD^ DE 3IARISC0 anxia deprecatur diligentia, etc. (Ista littera prse- scripta est siiperms.') XLV. Domino Lincohvia' F rater Adn. The Prior Sollicitudo tiinoris non perinisit me qiiie.scevc nisi accede" to pietati vestrpe sciiberem pro eo qiiod lociitus fui cum the Bishop's (jQi^^ii^o Priori de . . . . '-' (lui mihi ])romi)ta devoticiie "Wishes. respondit quod de animabus illis quarum adhuc peiidet provisio de pastore, omnino juxta vestrre paternitatis ordinatjonem facero paratus est, fjiiod et adliuc bene potest. Scripsi ergo si forte rictibus da^moniorum ad- imantur per vesh'io sanctitati.s sollicitudinem anima^ vestra> pro quibus Filius iJei mortiius est. Nullatenus videre valeo nisi mmidanaj fictionis ineptias pro ciuiljus in hac parte conniventia putari possit excusabilis ; (sine ^ stuporc cogitaie quid est quod inter tot molimina perditionis auctoritatis vestra? sustinet beatitudo I) quin arguendo, obsecrando, increpando, festinando, discurrendo, suscitando ad tam districtam operandre salutis cogen- tiam, etiam terrifieas mortis acies omnimodo satagat dis- sipare. An non invictus dux castrorum ccelestium vali- dissimas illas amplexabitur sententias, terram ungula fodit, exultat audacter, pergit in occursum armatis ; et post pauca, furens et fremens sorbet terram, nee reputat tuba? sonare clangorem ? Siccine fugiendum est ovibus dominicis designare pastorem prtesuli cjui sub summo summa^ districtionis discrimine a superiori loco regiminis curam divinitus suscepit superintendendi pastoribus? Quid est quod aspicio istis contentiunculis litiga- toriarum dissensionum tot laboribus, tot sumptibus, ' Cf. Epist.. IX. In the marj^in, i - Elank in MS. But see Epist. vacat. XXXVI. I ^ .s„, MS. EPISTOL.E. 1 t9 tantis danmis temporuin, tantis detrimentis nientiuni, gratia, odio et timoro postpositis, jugiter iiisudaii, si in liac causa et sui .si libet in quibus sulis inteutte salutis operatic cousistit i)ropter (luasdain fictas occasiones subsi.stitur ? Pnieveniat oro vos in rebus spiritualibus Spiritus consilii, subsequatur quoque Spiritus fortitu- dinis. Torquent cor ma>stuni cogitationes plurinuv, in quibus, quorsunicuiique vertatur consideratio, vix ali- quid kietuiu invenio. Valeat, etc. XLVL Domino LincoliiUu Frater Ado. Ex assertione plurium quibus puto tideni adhibcndani Anora de esse indubitatani, accepi, quod Anora de Beskerevile yjije is un- nionialis, de Aunestone/ diutina valetudine corporis fit for the gravata, nee in arctiorilnis disciplina^ regularis institutis priory of salutis exemplum pnebere valeat, nee laboriosam religiosi .... reginiinis censurani aliquatenus exercere. Alias autem, ut audio, adniinistrandi res pro sustentatione collegii nccessarias scientiani aut experientiani nullatenus ha- bere cognoscitur. Quani ob rem ad niultipliceni tani religiosaruni quani saiculariuni personaruni instantiani, })nesenteni sanctie discretioni vestric litterain destinarc consensi, rogans huiniliter, ut cum dicta doniina Anor;i, una sit de tribus inonialibus conventus de Aunestoun, quarum aliquam per AbbatissiB sua3 discretionem in episcopatmn Wygoriiife, prioratui de . . . . ^ praificien- dam mittere censuistis, perspectis memoratorum inipe- dimentorum obstaculis, per piam pastoralis diligentiie soUicitudinem, pensare velitis, quid secundum Dominum in liac parte profectus animarum agl requirat. Valeat vestr?e sanctitatis incolumitas in Christo semper et lieatissima Virgine. Alneston, Oxfordbhire. ] ' Bhnik in M.S. 150 AD^ DE MARISCO XLVII. Domino Lincolv.ice Frater Ada. For one Pro Jolianne, latere prsesentium, qui aliquando in John, who ^ • 1 • .... ,. 1 !• • J • desires to cuDiculano iniiiLsterio, apud pise i-ecordatioms dommum be admitted meum, Ricarduiii Dunelmensem/ episcoinim, satis acceptus into the ... ... ,. Abbey of nabebatur, et post decessiiin ipsius m servitio saiculari Thornton, yires absuinsit juveniles ; de ca^tero quoque desiderat, si hoc ei divinitus concedatur, eonversationem suam bo- nestius coniponere, et in domo religiosa Deo deservire cui etiam ad instantiam meani vestri gratia nuper ele- emosyme vestras benedictionem - iniparticipastis ; paterni- tatis vestrge liumiliter rogo pietatem, quatenus secun- dum quod dictus Johannes desiderat, et intuitu Salva- toris suppliciter obsecrat, domino Abbati et Conventui de Torntun, ubi ipse non penitus est ignotus, scribere velitis petitorias, ut primum probandi gratia ilium admittere velint ad tempus, et delude cum experien- tiam de ipso sumpserint, si eis secundum Dominum videatur, in fratrem recolligere, ob solam seternse re- munerationis contemplationem. Parcatis oro improbi- tati quam urgebat pauperis compassio. Valeat pietatis vestrte incolumitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Postquam recessi a vobis porrectse sunt mihi litterse continentes anxiam precum urgentiam domini electi^ Menevensis, ad hoc tendentem, ut omnimodis persona- lem praesentiam meam consentiam exhibere in die sua3 consecrationis. Satis fait mihi molestus afFectuosus tenor litterarum suanim. Sed necesse habeo ut sancta circumspectio vestra, secundum quod mihi vestri gratia locuti estis, pro me in hac parte coarctato satisfaciat. Iterum in geternum valete. ' Richard Poore, Bishop of Dur- ham, 1228-1241 ? ^ benedictione, MS. ' Thomas Walleusis, Archdeacoil of Lincoln. See p. 38, ?(. EPISTOL.'E. 151 XLVIIL Domino Lincolniw Frater Ada. Littei'a quam nostri gratia mihi misistis solatium Ofaflight- plurimuin pnestitit, licet siciit scripsistis qusedam con- !j"^ J°'f'^"° tineret inconsolabili digna fletu. Nempe melius silentio sey. lugemus quam explicamus eloquio^ his diebus damna- tis,simis, abominationem desolatiouis stantem in loco sancto, qua3 secundimi incommutabilem veritatis sen- tentiam orbi universo imminere pr^enuntiat,' quod tanien devidet usquequaque lugenda reproborum per- fidia, tribulation em magnam, qualis non fuit ab initio mundi usque modo, neque fiet. Scio quam magnifice pensetis cordis discreti circumspecta sauctitate rerum luentium stupenda prsecipitia, in quibus apud exili- tatem meam obmutescit consternata mens causarum immanitate profimdius obruta. Verum fateor quod cum preesentia conficeiem quibus verbis conceptum spiritum vast! liorroris exprimerem, penitus ignoravi. Quid sibi velit inauditum retro sasculis portentum bis diebus famse violentia vulgatum, quis conjectorum pensare va- lebit ? videlicet quod apud insulam de Gernesliey, [quod] utrique regnorum Francias et Angliae quasi coutermi- nam,^ flammarum globi de gurgite marino frequentius in terrarum eminentias exilire cernuntur, etiam moles saxeas cum cseteris materiis irrepressibili conflagratione devorantes, et abactis liabitatoiibus, post finitas incine-^ rationes, loco incendii armatorum cuneos congressibus bellicis atrocius confligentes, et cessante conflictu ad ignotos secessus sese conferentes. Numquid igitur aliud agendum esse putabimus, nisi ut dum insanimit re- probi electi lugeant, orantes hgec et alia sseculo insueta, per superni clemeutem Domini sseculoruin pro- Sic. 152 AD.E DE MARISCO videntiain monstrata, in boniiin convertantur. Non liujus tarn mirandse novitatis me auctorem exhibeo, «ed recito quod me audiente retulit exeeptione magna majus testimonium. Benignissimpe patevnitati dim conceptam molestiam, quam ulterius tenere nequivi, aperio, sc. pavido pectori ma^stitiam jugem incum- bere, utpote verenti admodum ne viam eminentio- lem speculativfB felicitatis maturior exitus fatiscentis letatis frustrate desiderio, inter varia vitte tuibamina, milii, quod absit, absit, interci])iat. Prosjiiciat nobis propter semetipsum ea celeritate, quam Ipse novit qui est via per quam itur, Veritas ad quam venitur, vita in qua permanetur. Amen, Amen, Amen. The Earl Ad vehementem dominje reginie instantiam, in cras- at WindsoT ^^'^'^ Beati Mattbire ab Oxonia profectus sum Radingas ; Feb. 25th. ubi tractatibus habitis de negotiis, dominum regem et suos hseredes contingentibus, feria sexta, proxima se- quente, propter eadem negotia transtuli me Odingham, licet quam plurimum hoc esset mihi molestum ; ibique mora facta, usque ad feriam secundam proximo sequen- tem, redii Radingas, et feria quinta tertiie septimanie in quadragesima accessi Brumhale, in occursu comitis et comitisspe Leycestriic, quia comes et dominus Petrus de Sabaudia, feria quinta eadem, Wyndeshovre venenmt ad dominam reginam. Sicut evidenter liquet continue et intolerabiliter crucior labore coqDoris et sollicitudine mentis, adeo ut nimirum tpedeat me vivere. Retribuat vobis superna benignitas pro eo quod mihi benignius parcere voluistis quominus ad instans Pascha Lincol- niam accedam. Reprimat Omnipotens oro improvisam procellam cujus in littera meministis, qute^ hoc aliqua- tenus extorquere valeat. De magistro Reginaldo de Stokes medico, fiet Domino dante ut mandaveritis mihi : non- de eo adhuc fixe determinatum est ; sed pendet ftictum ad vestra3 voluntatis sententiam. De aliis MS. 1 » „, MS. EPISTOL^. 1 Olj clericis vobiscum moraturis spero Doiuiuus implebit quod cogitastis. Propono cuiii in bievi Domino pro- pitio Oxoniiun rediero velocius, si lioc res expostulat, (puT3 signanda judicavero vestras scribere dominationi. Conservet Altissimus vestrre beatitudinis incolunii- tatem in Christo Jesn semper et beatissima Virgine. Recessi de Radingis iter arripiens versus Bromhale, quje distat a Wyndesliovre per qiiatuor miliaria, die qua prresentem litteram tradidi cursori ; viz. sei)timo die Martii. In teternum valete. XLIX. Domino Ltncolitiw Frater Ada. Summe stupendum fore arbitror quod, sicut in initio Kcflections litterte vestra3 insinuastis, factis in statu perditionis °? *^*^ ,. . , . . times, perseverantibus, non est spes aucujus emendationis per adhuc attemptata. Quid enim restat post quam per ministerium verbi Dei divinitus exercitatum, is qui attingit a fine usque ad finem fortiter, et disponit omnia suaviter, intonuit de coelo, et Altissimus dedit vocem suam, adeo ut impletum esse eonspiciatur per Christum Domini, in hoc tanti discriminis congressu, quod ait Dei sapientia [Sap. xviii.] : " Dum medium " silentium contineret omnia, et nox in suo cursu " medium iter haberet, onniipotens sermo tuus, Do- "■ mine, exiiiens de coelo a regalibus sedibus venit " durus debellator in mediam exterminii terrani, pro- " siluit gladius acutus insimulatum ' imperium tuum •' portans, et stans replevit omnia morte, et usque ad '' ccelum attingebat stans in terra. Tunc continuo visus " sonmiorum malorum turbaverunt illos, et timores su- " pervenerunt insperati, et alius alibi projectus semi- ' t/n .sitaluw, MS. 154 AD^ DE MARISCO '' vivus propter qiiaiii inoriebatur causam demonstr^- " bat mortis. Visiones enim quse illos turbaverimt " hoc prsernonebant, ne inscii qiiare mala patiebantur " perirent :" Quid amplius fieri poterit post Domini exercituum tam validam lucem sagittarum, tam terri- ficum spleiidorem fulgurantis hastas, nisi ut dirmnpat coelos et veniat, et si fieri j^otest montes a facie ejus diffluant. Numquid adliuc dici poterit, id quod in epistola subjunxistis, quod mala consueta fiant quasi licita et nemo obloquitur, et quod mala sunt mani- festa ' sed omnium silentio magis approbari videntur ? An forte, sicut scripsistis, in tam desperabili tantoe difficultatis negotio, plures vobis aggregari providit divina dispensatio ? Aut, quod absit, hoc futunim for- midabitur quod tam formidabiliter comminatur divina districtio ? " Et non audierunt eum/' inquiens, "eo " quod voluit Dominus eos occidere." Quod profecto per rerum ruinas plus in foribus imminere conjicimus,- quam longe positum, et aliquando futurum per pro- plietarum pra^nuntiationes expectamus. Sed inter omnia sit clementissim?e paternitati ves- tr?e sempiterna retributio, quod ad tam desiderabilem tantce salutis agonem tam potenti virtute, tam circum- sj)ecta discretione, tam diligibili temulatione, indignam qualiscunque peccatoris modicitatem invitare voluistis, quatenus aucto numero pie certantium divinitate pro- pitia liostiles dextrse darentur. Aut certe me non redarguat ilia sententiae coelestis vehementia qua dici- tur : " Quod si speculator viderit gladium venientem, " et non insonuerit buccina, et populus non custo- " dierit se, veneiitque gladius et tulerit de eis ani- " mam, ille quidem in iniquitate sua captus est, san- " guinem autem ejus de manu speculators requiram, " non })opulus terra?, sed ego." Sed ecce durn attendo inattemptati certaminis permaximum discrimen, occur- manifest'dt, MS. | ' convicitnus, MS* EPISTOL^. 155 runt legis lator vir Dei, proplieta Elias, Johannes Baptista, Paulus Apostolus, Stephanus Protomartyr, Hilarius Pictavensis, Atlianasiiis Alexandrimis, Au- gustinus Hipponensis, zelo zelantes pro domo Dei contra Pharaonem, Jeroboam, Acliab, impium Hero- dem, nefariiini sacerdotem, siiperstitionem Judaicani,* Liberium, Ariurn, Faiistiiin, qui subversores regni Dei, clementiam regimini.s in tyrannidis atrocitatem per- vertentes, nequaquani prius cognoscuntur fuisse ag- gressi, quam castigatis passionuni immoderantiis, non illecti per blanditias, per fallacias non decepti, non perversi per uequitias, per violentias non oppressi, in purissimos, in clarissimos, iu sanctissimos coelestiurn cbarisniatum ascendissent excessus, et excellentissime trauscensis tam voluptatis fcedee lasciviis, quam facul- tatis van?e vesaniis, quam et dignitatis caduciB prse- eminentiis, ab altissiniis evocassent, et divina patroci- nia, et angelica prsesidia, et human a consortia. Ni- mirum non est propugnatoribus co?li colluctatio con- tra carnem et sanguinem, " sed ad versus potestates et " principatus, contra mundi lectores tenebrarum harum, " contra spiritualia nequitia ^ in ccelestibus." Proinde cum mei ipsius iniquitatem, cuni mei ipsius insipientiam, cum mei ipsius immunditiam trepide considero, ad tan- tarum rerum imraensitatem vix anhelans inter spem et desperationem pasne deficio. Quid ergo opus facto sit hfesitarem, nisi audirem illud per quod etiam excitantur emortui : "Si Dominus pro nobis quis contra nos." Et illud : " Omnia possum in eo qui me confortat " Christus."' Et illud : " In mundo pressuram habe- " bitis, in me autem pacem ; sed coniidite, quia ego " vici mundum/' Concedat igitur oro Ille, ob cujus tam perseverantef decertatis coutemplationem, ut non obsistentibus preca- minum meorum offensis, merear et ego fieri assecla qualiscunque agonis tam maguifici, cujus meministis, et Sic. 156 AD.E DE MARISCO felicis bravii, vel pio iifFectu, vel effectu valido, vel quud mihi potissimum est in desiderio, affectu paiiter et effectu in Christo Jesu Domino ineo. Vere doleo plus- qiiani explicare valeara pro eo quod sicut constitutus coram amabili presentiie vestrpe reverentia super litus maris Dovoritp, in tanta tam mresti cordis angaria, cum lacrimarum profluvio obnixius rogavi, ut a sede apos- tolica impetraretur auctoritas, per quam via mihi pan- deretur contra iraportunas variarum difficultatum deti- nentias, ut filiali devotione paternitati vestr?e in di- vinis operibus, expedita libertate, valerem obtemperare. Quod qualiter fieri valeat, Domino propitio, nullatenus video, nisi ad hoc illud sanctitatis vestrte laboret sedula discretio, propter inexorabiles domini regii>, do- mina3 regina% ordinis nostri, et aliorum plurium deti- nentias. Quod si fratrum minorum minister generalis ad curiam de Graecia^ remeaverit, per ilium de adju- torio Salvatoris melius poterit in hac parte provideri. Nescio quomodo pastor notam effugeret mercenarii HI sub duro principatu et malitia temporis ovile domi- nicum fugiens desereret. Quamobrem corde liBtificato libens inspexi quod pagiure mihi transmiss^e inseruis- tis, illud videlicet : " Non propono nunc cedere, sed per " viam pnetactam cum Dei adjutorio procedere." Sit benedictio divini timoris Omnipotentiai (pii sibi obse- quentium fideliter nunquam jjoterit persecutores quan- tumcunque stevientes non reprimere. Ita gravor ut non reraaneat in me spiritus, cum frequenter recogito i:)estes illas quee vestram sunt comitattne dignitatem, vilis vitpe spurcitiis et ignominiis opprobrii lupanaris spectabilem vestra? domus opinionem intolerabili ma- culantes infamia. Illos loquor solo nomine clericos stultos, ni fallor, et penitus inexpertes in rebus tanti pontifieis administrandis, secundum quod per indubi- tatum mihi testimonium innotuit. Absit ut super his corrigendis vestra torpeat l^enedicta circumspectio. ' Pr. Johannes de rarnia. See p. 49. lie \va? flieve in 12 49. EPISTUL.K. 157 Si continoat vos inor;v diutioris extra reorninn Aii^lia' tractus agere, evit boimiii ut video doniinuin regeiu, doiuinani reginain, comiteiu Ricarduin, et si quos alios deereveritis litteiis benevolentijie concilia- turis visitare. De facto, (^uautuiu ad meaui pertinet iiiodicitatem, super quo tanta vigilatis sollicitudine, cuncta forent pervia, si auctoritas, cui in hac parte uon resistitur, impetrata fuisset. Do quo sic agetiir ut voLis ccelitus inspirabitur. Cum diutius expectassem nuntium vestrum, W. do Jenevo, secundvun quod cum eo coudixi, ])n\3sentem litteram })er (puim carissimum Fratreui Radulplium moiiaclium' vobis in Cliristo lidelis- siniuiu portandam destiuavi, (|uam suceinctius breviavi pro eo quod eidem Fratri personam vestram et meam exilitatem contingentia commisi consilia. Valeat vestne beatitudinis optabilis incolumitas in Cljiisto Jesu semper et beatissima Vn-gine. Per im- portunam vehementiam, profieiscente domino arcliie- piscopo ad curiam Romanam, a mari sum revocatus ut in Anglia remanerem. Datum Middeltona? in assump- Auo-. i jtb tione Bcata3 Virginis. Vulgatum est per nonnullos in Anglia (piod maturius disponitis a curia remeare. Domino Lincoln 'kc Frafer Ada. Dei virtuti, Dei sapientise, Dei sanctificationi, n&terno is delislit- Dei Filio sit indeficiens gratiarum actio, per (juem in '^^ ^^ t'^^' „ ... . . prospect of nianu vestram pietatis et magnannniter est attemptatum, (irostete's et prudenter est processum, et salubriter est perse veratum in opere Dei cunctorum judicio tam formida- bili, tam desperabili, sed revera tam a^mulabili, tam acceptabili. Numquid non illud tantum esse conspi- citiu" quantum nuUatenus aggredi sufficit nisi apostolica return. "SeeEpist.LX, CLX. 158 ADiE DE MARISCO saiictitudo et inspiratio prophetica? Quid eniin aliud in universe regno caritatis ad tam horrendas princi- pum maj estates, ad taui pavendos prfesidum magistra- tus, totum regnum cupiditatis tanta tantte diuturnitatis 2)ervicacia constipantes non resiliret. quam mirabilis, O quam spectabilis, quam amabilis fructus laboris, per quem licet obsistentibus mundi peccatis principalis ad breve tempus frustretur intentio, tamen in tempus omne castrorum dominicorum propngnatoribus, diruptis capitalis oppugnantiro resistentiis, triumphalis egressus incunctati vigoris levigatur. Sit nomen Domini exer- cituum, Dei Israel, benedictum in ssecula. Accessit mentibus quasi de somno gravi evigilantibus ad ex- imiam gaudii suavitatem, per divinum ducatum, vestri regressus insinuata prosperitas ; ut fieri valet inter tetras atrocium procellorum caligines, in perurgenti soeculi peremitis excidio, super quibus, nescio quare, nihil mihi signaverit hactenus sanctitatis vestrfe cle- mentissima dignatio. Aug. 14th, Scripsi dominationi vestr?e in vigilia assumptionis litteram per Fratrem Radulplium monachum, paterni- tati vestr?e destinatam, dolens plurimum quod ipsam sicut intellexi celeriter non acceperitis. Amantissimos Fratres Arnulfum et Arnaldum missos a Fratre Hu- gone de Barioc excellentise vestr^e, et me^e exilitati, cum litteris et clenodiis^ dulcedine refertis, suscipiat, teneat, et dimittat, ut noverit et voluerit consuetse liberalitatis vestrre indeficiens affluentia. Rescribite mihi si placet obsecro ubi et quando debeam vobis oc- currere, cum Angliam divinitate propitia intrabitis, ut detinentiarum importunitates ad hoc ex eo commodius explicare valeam. Sept. 15th. Valeat desideratissima vestrse beatitudinis incolumi- tas ill Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Datum Bukedenfe in octavis nativitatis Beatfe Yirginis. 1 Sic. EPISTOL/E. 169 LI. Domino Lincoln ice Frater Ada. Vos optime nostis quare invalescente tetate et de- Will find bilitate pnpgiavante, inter jugitates occupationum i'l^- f[cuft7o ^" portabilium corpore tarn multipliciter jactato, et visit the anxiata tain inexplicabiliter aiiiina, vix respirat pectus cln-istmas anhelum, proptei- quod et irreparabilia dierum dainna insiceabili lacrima desperata deplorat anxietas. Utinam mendaci figmento tanta malorum incommoda, qnoe nescit peccator indignus quo planctu digne pro- sequatur, nunquam ascribere velit dignissimte fidei benigna compassio. Quia si sic uecesse est fieri de hoc quod in littera tetigistis, videlicet ut ad instans Salvatoris natalicium adeam personaliter dominationis vestr?e prsesentiam ; ut vultis facite. Scitis qualiter hoc agi conveniat. Ecce coram paternitatis vestrae pie- tate, ad hoc nullam valeo videre rationis exigentiam. Jussionibus vestris quibus obvenire non audet, sicut nee licet, magistro Roberto de Marisco^ in hac parte quam sit importmium obtemperare, perpensis negotiorum gravium circumstantiis f)atenter elucet. Forsan suffi- ciet in regressu vestro ordinationum vestrarum seriem eidem injungere. Super proescriptis quod sanctitatis vestr?e sederit beneplacito, si commode fieri poterit, sine mor?e dispendio mihi rogo signari. Quoniam plu- rimum vereor non absque conjectura cogenti quod ista religiosorum vocatio, quam intentio salutaris excitavit, et cupiditati serviet et roborabit impietatem. Studeat obsecro mansuetudinis vestrfe diligentia ut universis apj^areat quod in hoc facto dirigat censuram salutarem sancta dilectionis pemulatio, et propitia diviuitas ad laudabilem exitum pertingere concedat. Valeat vestrae beatitudinis incolumitas, etc. » See Note to Epist. LXIV. 160 AD.E DE MAKISCO LII. Domino Lincohike Frater Ada. Spiritual Licet 0}ius esset littera prolixiori, earn tamen ex- and advice cluseruiit ct cursoris vestn pro caiisis vestiis proiec- tio acceleratior, et importunitas angustior occupationum liiearuui, me jaiserum, indies ad vexationem intole- rabileiii utriusque lioininis succrescentium iiunianiter. Illam vestram piorum viscerum anxietatem, eujus in littera nieministis, quie licet telo compas.sionis Immana' Ranuiet, tamen sanat diviniie consolationis remedio, ille ciijus amor vehementiu.s ipsam excitat ad carnis^ mor- tificationem, clementius oro siiscipiat, per sanctum sui sacerdotis officium, in hostiam vivam, sanctam, Domino placenteni, et pro sanctuario suo hostiam pacificam. Hujus rei ])ervalidam pnestat fiduciam Clnistus, Dei virtus, Dei sapientia, Dei justitia, Dei sanctificatio, et per eloquiorum testimonia, et per rationum argumenta, et per sanctorum exempla, et per sacramentorum cha- rismata. Contra octo gravissimorum dannioi;iun paven- dissiraa discrimina litterte vestrse succincta brevitate comprehensa ; quorum sunt duo prima, videlicet, apud cor majstum luctus pius imperfectionis, domus vestrae dilata ordinatio, pra'sulatus vestri dignitatem proprie respicientia ; sex vero consequentia, videlicet provectio malitia3, persecutio justitiro, nativse libertatis ancillatio, ovium dominicaruni trucidatio, ruina Jerusalem evi- dens et immensa, casus inde in quo electio voluntaria planctum aggravat lamentationis, communiter ad catho- licam ecclesiam pertinentia ; tanto vigentius, tanto pro- spectius, tanto diligentius, tanto perseverantius necesse erit, per superna; dispensationis consilium, sanctitatis ' critcis, MS. KFISTOL.E. 101 vestra3 student fervens jumulutio iiidefessa sollicitudine se accingere in Filio Altissimi ; qui per suam sapieii tiaia attiugit a iine us(|ue ad fineiu fortiter et dis- poiiit omnia suaviter, mala repvobans, bona probans, universa ordinans ; quanto, proli nefiis ! diebus his dam- natissimis ubique eernimus illos immanius contra Dei regnuni destevire, qui eidem defendendo arctiori solem- nium sponsiouum protestatione coram tbrono Majestatis conjuravei'unt. LTIT. Domino Lin coin la' Frater Ada. Benedicta sit indeficiens dispensationis divina:^ cle- Kecites the mentia qua3 nunquam deserit de ipsa preesumentimn jn^g^of the expectationem, sed semper in assuniptis salutis ope- ^bp. of 1 ,.. I I M •!• 1 • • Canterburv ranciie negotiis, quanto terribiliora cerjiuntur immniere a„ajast the diseriinina, tanto Itetiora curat pmestare solamina, non Bishop of tani paventis animi refocillando languores quam diffi- dentis ignaviie animando tor]jores. H{ifc>c idcirco dix- erim, quoniam,^ sit vestra^ dignationi sempjterna retri- butio, littera suspense nienti nuper transmissa, diutina? pra^stolationis ancipitem sollicitudinem non medioeri sublevavit (^xultatione. Quid ergo in tarn salvifieo totius regui Dei negotio, quod illuminationes superna3 tam magnificat virtuti coelitus inspirarunt, fore con- sultum arbitrabimur, nisi ut apostolici operis beatitu- dinern apostolica prosequentes constantia peuitus in Ilium referatis, qui divinissimos apostolos triumpbalis certaminis hujus primicerios invictissimo confirmans vigore : " Dum steteritis " inquit, " ante reges et prse- " sides nolite cogitare quid aut quomodo Io(piamini. qm. 162 AJ)M DE MARISCO " Dabitur eiiim vobis in ilia liora quid loquamini. " Non enim vos estis qui loquimini sed Spiritus Patris " vestri qui lotjuitur in vobis," Sed quid ? In bac parte opei'a3 pretiuni fore nunqnam anibigitur inagis pietas orationis quani peritia dictionis. Scio quod sanctiB recordationi, sicut summe opus est, excidit nequaquam illud evangelice jugiter amplectendvim, deridetur justi simplicitas, lampas eontempta apud cogitationes divitum, " Sufficit enini discipulo si sit " sicut magister, et servo sicut dominus ejus." Quant?e foret i^erfidite si divina patrocinia, si ange- loruni praesidia, si sanctorum adjutoria, si electorum precamina, causam suam fideliter agentibus unquam de- fore putaretur. Licet aliud cuperem tamen sermoni fineni facio, orans ut valeo omnis consummationis finem ad sui gloriam et ecclesiaa salutem hactenus inattemp- tatum iinire certanien. Qualiter audebit pius pontifex, quern divina sublimavit electio, et superna directio non deseruit, quasi sub specie consultte pietatis gras- santibus dpemonialium crudelitatum impietatibus, deser- tum pii Salvatoris gregem, quod absit, seternaliter exponere ? Postquam vobis ad eximium opus Dei proficis- centibus, peccatis meis ut vereor exigentibus, licet justo moerore confectus in Anglia sum detentus cum venerabili patre domino Cantuariensi, primo in sua, deinde in Rotfensi diocesi visitationis officium ao;ente, secundum quod modicitati mefe visum est laudabiliter, prout valui eidem in memorato officio astiti, usque ad festum Pentecostes, quibus cordis angustiis et laboribus corporis explicare non valens. Cumque ad Londonire ecclesiam secundum canonicas sanctiones visitaturus accessisset, persona Londonensis episcopi visitata quo- minus aut capitulum Londonense aut aliquod collegium sibi subditum visitaret, episcopus Londonensis cum suo capitulo et quibusdam aliis ad sedem apostolicam appel- larunt. Quos videlicet, tam episcopum quam subditos EPISTOL.E. 163 sibi obsistentes, scntentia cxcomumnicatlonis innodavit' Qua de causa non parva commotio facta est, divulgatis mendacissiniiM obtvcctationibus per })i-()viiiciam, tain in clero qiiam in popiUo. Iiistitit autem pitcdictiis domi- mis Archiepiscopiis, hoc ipsum domino rege jubente, ut secum propter memoratam causam celeriter proficiscente ad curiam Romanam iter agerem, plurimum renitente domina regina, et ut me detineret obnixius^ laborante, verum in confectione prajsentium quid super hoc fu- turum erat ignoravi. Puto quod et spiritualia et tem- poralia episcopatus vestri per fideles viros vigilanter administrarentur. Statum regni Anglia? vestra melius novit sapientia, qui ut melioretur, sicut puto, fideliter laboratum est his diebus, et major solito super hoc licet tremula concepta est fiducia. Eveniet autem quod voluerit propitia divinitas. Non quiescit anima quonsque se- cundum quod voluerit voluntas in coelo desideraudus omnibus sieculis felix exitus causie vestrse mihi sie'ni- O ficetur. Utinam liberi domini comitis Leycestrire H. et A.,^ prsestante Domino securitatem, sine morpe dis- pendio ad vos redeant. Valeat vobis et virtus invincibilis et sapientia infalli- bilis et femulatio irremissibilis in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. Scripta breviavi et scribenda pra3termisi tristis et invitus obvenientibus importu- nitatum variarum gravitatibus. Datum Sutthonse in Cantia, feria vi., post octav. Sanctas Trinitatis. ' A.D. 1250. See Mat. Paris ad an., p. 782, and Epist. LVII. - obiio.vhis, MS. ' Henry and Almcric, the eldest and the youngest. The former led the van at the battle of Lewes, and was slain with his father at Eves- ham. The other (supposed to have been in orders) died at Rome about 1283. L 2 IG4 AD-'E DE MARISCO Vv'islifs to know t'lie Bishop's determina- tion as to the cele- bration of certain masses for his sister Juetta. LIV. Domino Lincolrncv Fmter Ada. Rogo paternitatis vestra? sanctitatein ut per latorem pr?esentiuDi placeat voLis .significare quid vestr^e sedeat circumspectioni super celeLratione missaruni de Yirgine ad devotam instantiam dominie Jviettoe^ religios?e recor- dationis, sororis vestr^e, in oratorio suo de Cofle,- per vestram prudentiaui iuclioata. IVIanet enim expectans eveiitum mandati vestri, dominus G, sacerdos ad pra»- fatum ofiieium assignatus exequendum, ad cujus peti- tioneui pra^senteiu litterani .scripsi, cum nullur; super re taui salubriter concepta et aliquaiudiu laudabi- liter eontinuata eideni vestram insinuaverit voluntatem, Valeat, etc. LV. Domino Livcolnicc Fraler AJa. rvconest Ahuam virginem natam N. de Carru quam nobilitas his inter- clari steuimatis, sanguis egregius, quas quoque ob indi- a'^min^pro- "viduum Sponsi Vivifici consortium declinato prsepol- fesscd. lentis mariti connubio recusans affluentium opum oblationem, et aspernans carnalium necessitudinum suasionem, et firmans etelibis vitse propositum, et desi- derans institutionis religiostie fastigium, et complec- tens evangelicfe sanctionis consilium, spiritu fervido salubriter attendit quod continentis animal nulla sit {lestimatio ; scio quod ad sanctitatis vestrte patroci- nium, refugium pudicitife virginalis, fiduciali devotione recurrentem, in aianulando pudoris nivei negotio nulla- ' Vid. supra, p. 95 ; and Grostete's Epistle toller, in Brown's Fasc. ii.310. = Or CoUc? Ki'isToL/i-:. 1G5 tciiu.s repellere susiinebit ;rmulationis cast;u cleuieiitia. Quod et ego .su])pliciter obsecro, utiiiani condigna se- dulitatis instantia. Oonservet optabilcm beatitudii)is vestnu sospitateni Rex virgiuum, per Virgiiieiii Ma- trem, in seinpiteriniiii. Amen. LVI. Doiruno Liucolnuu Fratcv Ada. Ma<'istrum Adam de Bokefeld latorem pnesentium, IJecom- . . . 1 (juem tam divinorum eloquiorum quam litterarum ^i^^-Adamde manarum professio, reddit commendabilem ; cui quoque Bokcfeklto super morum honestate laudabile plurimorum peiliibetur oA<:uei"^ testimonium, ad ecclesiam de Euere, sicut fatentur ca- nonici de Oseneya, per decessum Gregorii de Crescentia vacantem, ut dieitur canonice prassentatum, et curan- dis animabus juxta quod divinitus dabitur asserenteiii se devotum gerere propositum ; humiliter supplico qua- tenus cum ad vestrse dominationis sanctitatcm acces- serit, velitis et familiariter suscipere, et salutaribus ad ecclesiasticam salutem exhortationibus animare, prteser- tim si ipsum ad pra?faiam ecclesiam admitti contigeiit. Valeat vestrcii)itia Lt)rribiliter vexatos ex- agitat, et iion niagis maturitateiu provectiorem quani })urior honestas, quam exercitatior industria, quaiu confirniatior virtus, honorabilior compositio pacifieat ? Pro|)ter quod si scripturarum non obsistitur jussioni- bus, si rationum noii contradicitur cfficaciis, si Sancto- rui'i non obvenitur exenq^lis, nullatenus video qualiter vel fictum invcniri queat diffugium, quomiuus Cbristo vocanti, per piura prjesulem, in causa salutis nisi damnabiliter obtemperetis. Quamobrem ergo propter aniniaruui femulatloneni moneo, per l)eatissimos Virginis bonorem adjuro, per rubricatuni salvifico cruore pati- biiluni, cjuatenus superna; dispensationi fiducialiter ad- cjuiescentes, omnes cujuscunque vani pavoris ineptias penitus exterminetis, et nequaquam mundante mussi- tationis disquisitionibus b?ereatis infirmiter, sed coelestis operationis animos assuniatis alaciiter. Numquid manus Domini abbreviata est ut salvaie nequeat, qui ait, " Sine me nihil potestis facere " ? " An non qui sperant in Domino," &c. Isaias XL. Quis fore poterit There is apparently some mistake in this superscription. EPISTUL.E 1G9 locus (liMideiiticTo si attendaiuus apostoliiin dicenteni, " Omnia possum in co qui me confortat, Chriskis " ? Etsi sint vobis amici plurimi, puto consultissimum esse lit sit vobis in liac parte consiliarius unus e mille. Dcnique quia mea^ modicitatis poposcitis consilium, consulo in Domino, quod sub ea qua potestis maturi- tate, accedatis juxta mandati sui tenorem, ad reveren- dissimum patrem dominum Lincolniensem ' factuii se- cundum quod ipse dis])0snerit, qui ut credo spiritum Dei habet, et Ipsius voluntatem sinceriter intendit requi- situs in negotiis salutaribu.;. Yaleat vestne })ietati,s di^eretio in Ohristo semper et beatissima Genitrice. LX. Domino Lincolnku F rater AJo. Est quidam vir venerabilis eminentis litteratune et Kecom- , .... , 1 1 • i 1 • • mends to lionestioris vitas, rectam et tnnoratam de curis am- i,i„j one marum habens sententiam, sicut frequenter audivi per Vincentms, . . wbo cie- liabitum cum eodem de talibus colloquium, magister sires the Vincentius nonnne, prascipims in societate domini Aede- l^ishop's ^ ^ . 1 • 1 advice. mari' fratris domini regis, de quo magistro desiderarem quam plurimum qnod liaberet vobiscum familiare contu- bernium. Cui nacta opportunitate velleni ut aut scrip- tura aut colloquio prteberetis hujus rei fiduciam. Si credimus in lucrandis animabus ccelestibus insistendum vestigiis, considerari potest provisiva apostolica regi- minis sollicitudo, quam sedula circumspectione tumores prius lenitatis ungnento'^ delinivit, quos postmodum cor- reptionis ferro transfigendos judicavit divinus* doctor gentium, " Argue," pnumisit, " praKlica verbum, insta ' Sic. See Epist. XJ.V., v. ■ Tlic Bishop of Winchester, see p. 84. "' utujuevdn, MS. < d~curu.s, MS. 170 ABM DE MAmSCO " opportune, importmie." Et neqiiaquam increpationem conmiendavit, ni prius prsecepisset oKsecrationem, et denique consummationem faciens subjimgit, "in omni " patientia et doctrina." Ea recito qute nescio si qiiis te melius noverit; notam iniprobft- pnesunitionis apud clementem animum spero non incurret devota solli- citudo. LXI. Domino Lincolnice Frater xida. Has made Juxta tenoreui jussionis vestr?e egi aj^ud dominam \ix)loo '"^ ^ coniitissani Leycestrise ^ ut non niolestaretur pro eo with the quod iion misistis eidem Job. de Leycestria, de- Leices^er" ftmcto magistro H. coquo vestro, cui Deus remittat. ■who will Ipsa autem non tantum de beneplacito vestro non commodate ^^^ molestata ; imnio sicut tirmiter asseruit si essent the Bishop ei ministrorum optimi, et (juantunicunque necessarii, herser-^° pleno promptitudinis gaudio dominationi vestrse mi- vants. nistraturos eosdem concederet. Risum dolori miscuit carta mihi transmissa cujus cbaracteres propria manu vestri gratia conscripsistis, sic inchoata : " Scripsis- " sem tibi aliqua de delectabilibus et de anxiis, sed " circumstantia3 - anxi?e et brevitas temporis non per- " miserunt.' Quarumvis etenim anxietatum usquequa- que superuberent inundationes, cum sit onme caput languidum, et onme cor mterens, a planta pedis usque ad verticem capitis non sit sanitas ; de delectabilium tamen inventione tarn rara certitudinem ingessit insi- nuationis vestr?e discretio. Igitur am])liorem ingerit Isetitiam quod tetigistis. Licet quid ilhid sit ignorem. ' Eleanor, sister of Henry IH., ■widow of William Mareschal E. of Pembroke, married to the Earl in 1239, much to the discontent of the clergy and others, as she had vo-wed chastity. - circHinstaucia, MS. EPISTOL.E. 171 Sicut jam tevtio scripsisse ine iiiciuini, doleo non me- diocriter quoiiiam non video qualiter ante 2>i"otensiora temporuni intervalla desideratiori paternitatis vestrse frui valeani colloquio non sine grandi causaruni ur- gentia. Valeat vestrit* sanctitatis incoliimitas, etc. LXII. Domino Lincolnioi Frater Ada. Pia vota earissimi in Christo . . , . ^ Rectoris ec- Eecom- clesiie de Tingehurst ad vestrpe pietatis patrocinium rector of obtinendi favoris gratia suppliciter accedentis rogo Tingehurst. quatenus de consueta paternj>3 pruvisionis dementia })rosequi non ducatis indignum. Licet ratio scribere non cogeret, tamen nt scriberem petentis induxit afFectio. Valeat vestne beatitudinis pietas, etc. LXIII. Domino Lincolniw Frater Ada. Ad instantiam honorabilis viri Willielmi de Lude- Begs his lawe in anxio sollicitie compassionis dolore constituti, ^^^°^, propter flebileni Hugonis de Mandevile discipnli sni Mandevile. }>erturbationeni, qnam idem magister paternitati ve.s- tra3 si placet voce tenus est expositurus, privsenteni dominationi vestra? scripsi petitionem, rogans liumiliter nt de consueta provida3 discretionis pietate. secundum rei exigentiam, Salvatoris intuitu, salutare remedium in instanti necessitatis articulo velitis impendere. Valete. Sic. 172 AD.K UE MAKISCO LXIV. Domino Lincohiua Fra.ter Ada. Requests Quia viruui venerabilein doininiiin J. Archidiacoiiiim his indul- ^ . , • i • , • • gence and OxoDifB ' 111 legressu meo a vobis, et viriuin vigore, chanty for gt vivacitate seiisuiim ex clironica3 valetudinis velie- dea'con of meiitia, quod noii mcdiocriter plangendum, pene de- Oxford, stitutum inveni, propter quod de ctetero nisi cum down with cvideiiti auimaruiu detriraento, et dissipatione reruiii sickness, familiarium, in jugi spiritus i)erturbatione, cura; jias- toralis officiuiii iiequaquani .valet admJDistrare ; pa- ternitatis vestne providentiam ex amici communis digna eompassione compulsus sum interpellare lenore pnesentium. Igitur quia scio quod euni quern dilexis- tis in finem diligitis, omni pi-ecum instantia supplieo sollicitius insistens, quatenus per eircumspectam piie paternitatis sanctitatem, deiuceps memorati arcliidia- eoiii necessitatibus extremis, sine morte dispendio, sie intercedere diojnemini, ut amotis omnibus ecclesiastici regiminis oftendiculis, ad quod sine discrimine formi- dandi examinis nlterius sulticere manifeste desperatur per residuum tem})oris, niliil aliquateniis cogitetur, nisi qnaliter libero tramite spiritus revertatur ad Eum, qui dedit ilium. Paucis litteram expedivi quoniam })luril)us non va- cavit. Et novi quod satis est lideliter amanti succinc- tius insinuasse. Siquidem occurrunt beatas sororcs, pl•a^cil)Ua regni ccelestis extraria,- Salvatori nuntiantes sub tain perstricta bievitate (piod tain ^ollicite metue- > I find a Jo. dc Sancto Egidio . archdeaconry in 12'I8. Epist. Arclideacon of Oxford in 1241, and ^^^HI. „,,,,,. , ,,. ,, - rj"nV/, MS. The reading is un- Kobert de Marisco holdiniT the same . , , qiT.stionable. F.PISTOL.E. 173 Lant, aieudo : " Ecco quein ainas iufirniatur." Conve- iiientissimiiui piito fore Domino acco[)ti Arcliidiaconi Bedefoi'dia' ^ in liac parte cousiliiim. Valeat, etc. LXV. Domino Lincoln im Fratcr Ada. Ad cogentoiu frateriue |)ietatis instantiam doiiii- A petitk nation! vestra' pra^scnteni eonsensi scriliere petitionem ]\iiii,^ps' ])ro donnnis P. et. Joli. niilitibus, sujtplici rogans devotione cpiatenns eisdeur in por})lexo sua3 neces- sitatis negotio, de consneta circumspectionis vestraj elenientia si quo modo secundum Deum fieri valeat, sic ad salatem consulatur ai^ternam, ut contra tempo- rale prospiciatur detrimentum. Vereor ne sit impor- tuna coact^B sedulitatis interventio, prtesertim cum hoc petatur ad quod assidue flagrat pii pectoris pa- trocinium ; licet, ni fallor, obtinere non desiderem in- terpellando propter quod ant honor violetur ecclesi- asticus, aut delicti» ministretur incentivum. Valeat vestrte sanctitatis, etc. LXVI. Domino Lincolnice Fniier Ada.. Dominnm Petrum de Staufordia custodem hospita- Recom- lis de Lutrevvrthe, virum juxta quod exijerimentorum "J.^", '^jg"" docuit evidentia, et Scipientem, et gnarum, et conver- Stanford, , . 1 1 1 M • • • T presented satione laudabilem, pium m pauperes, in pra^dica- [^ ^j^g jj^. tionibus viuUeni, animarum sicut creditur zelo fer-ingof ° Solebv. ' Qy. John de Crakhale, sue- I who died in 1244 ? cessor to Almerieus de Buggcden, ! 174 AD^ DE MARISCO ventem, quein nobilis vir, dominus G. Dispensator ^ ad ecclesiam de Soleby, paternitati vestras prsesentan- duin censuit, ob Salvatoris conteinplationeiu hinniliter deprecor, cum ea qua possum affectioue supplicans obnixius, quatenus velitis in Christo non sine Sanctis sapientitie salutaris exliortationibus, ad ecclesi?e memo- ratse i-egimen admittere, eatenus qua vel sanctiones evangelica3 vel fcraditiones canonicse non obsistere cog- no veritis. Valeat vestrre Ijeatitudinis pia sanctitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. LXVII. Domiiio Liiicolniw Frater Ada. Requests ^Scio quia paternitatis vestra' melius novit provida with the consideratio quam pie vigilare debeat salutaris di- Chancellor lip;entiiE sollicitudo meritis pensatis et deliberatius, of Lincoln ° . . . . , . for w. de et m matuvitate morum, et in emmentia littera- Gnmeie, I'mn et {^ operis inteOTitate, et in honestatis semu- wiio desires ^ ° the master- latione, cum ad impendendam eruditionem scliolastici ship of the j.gg- j^^— g propter idoneam juvenilis astatis institu- Lincoln, tionem, super quam ecclesiastic! culminis structura coelestis erigenda, gubernanda, consummanda fore cog- noscitur. Proinde licet in confectione pr^sentium calamus tremuisset, ad instantiam tam excellentis tes- timonii sanctitatem vestram interpellare consensi pro viro laudabili magistro Willielmo de Grimele, in quem priesignatse sicut reor ad officium liujuscemodi concur- runt circumstantia3 ; quatenus venerabili viro magistro N.^ Lincolniensis ecclesise Cancellario, pro memorato magistro W., si pietatis vestrse sederit beneplacito peti- ' Geoffry de Spencer, died 125L See Mat. Paris ad an., and Epist. CXXV. and CXLVIIL See also the anecdote recorded by Eccleston, p. 68. ' Nicholas de Wadingham, EPISTOLvE. 175 toriani dirigere do consueta dignatioiiis cleinentia noii ducatis indignuiii, nt eundeui jam per dies iiiultos Oxonije liberalibiis ludiiiieiitis laudabiliter insiidanteiii ad gubernaculum scholaruin Liiicolnite, si eas, ut dicitiu", vacare contigerit, ad festuiu Scti. Micliaelis proximo futuri velit admittere. Sep. 29th. Valeat, etc. LXVIII. Domino Lincolnice Frater Ada. Ex salutis desiderio ob diviiiitatis honorem, sicut Aimar, reor, frequentins actum est et consultius deliberatum ut brother dominus Aimarus ' frater domini regis vobiscum liaberet desires a . conference exainiuatum in Cliristo de statu sue colloquium. Quid with Gros- igitur vultis agam ? Quanta possum supplico cordis in- ^'^*^- stantia ut placeat piissimre paternitati vestrte ad Ipsum in omnibus jugiter anlielanti, qui vult omnes homines salvos fieri, mibi rescribere sine mor?e dispendio, quan- do et ubi quibusque opportunitatibus fieri valeat, quod dictus dominus Aimarus jam diu optatam dominationis vestrixj prsesentiam commodius adire valeat, et matu- rius a divinitus vobis inspirata sapientia superna? pro- pitiationis consilium inter tanta perditionis discrimina propitia divinitate suscepturus. Desiderat quoque me- moratus dominus Aimarus, ut et ego una cum ipso ves- tne me prassentarem pietati. Quod qualiter hoc oppor- tune fieri valeat, sicut vos melius nostis, scire nequeo, propter occupationum mearum detinentias. Utinam et de corporis incolumitate, et tranquillitate mentis, et ecclesiastic! moderaminis profectu, ad vestram per- tinentibus sanctitatem potissimum in Domino affectata See above, p. 84, 176 AD.E DE MARISCO consolatio inihi per latorem prnesentiiiin, si tamen vestr?e sederit diguationi, insinuetur. Tremuit enim anceps sollicitudo pro eo quod dudum super liis nihil aecepe- rim nisi quod incertum fauiaj relatu divulgatur. Valeat, etc. LXIX. Domino Llacolnia' Frulcr AOa. Desires his Mngistrum Ilenricum de Thorney virum quern censeo for H^*^de ^'^^''^ honestuin, circuinspectuni discretionc, litteratura Thorney provectuui, ofc ierdere non desistunt, pro (^uaruni salvations salutis Auctori coram throno Majcstatis tarn solemni pro- testatione spopondeiunt ? Quamobrem summi Salva- toris provisiva bonitas tantoruni discriminum malis inimanissimis, supercleinenti occuiTens dispensatione, non tarn brevitate succincta, quam luculenta perspica- citate formani pra)ficiendorum curandis animabus, per sanctam pastionem, describens, ait : " Date e vobis " viros sapientes et gnaros, quorum conversatio sit " probata in tribubus suis, et dabo vobis eos prin- " cipes :" viros videlicet, quibus sit et vigor invictus, et sensus indeceptus, et zelus irremissus ; sapientes, \)QV quos et morum lionestas et Veritas fidei fideliter annuntietur ; gnaros, qui et coelestia sacramenta et compendia terrena prudenter administrent ; " quorum " conversatio sit probata in tribubus suis," quibus vi- delicet tarn super otio contemplandre divinitatis, quam super humanitatis impendendse negotio, in distribu- tionibus ecclesiasticorum graduum, probatior experi- entia laudabile perhibeat testimonium. Quibus pro- fecto, et non aliis, si seipsum negare nequit, principa- tum ad pascendas animas solummodo concedit Princeps ipse pastorum. Igitur, desideratissime pater et domine dementis- sime, ob pavescendam rerum istanim considerationem, cum ad piam instantiam nobilis viri domini Ricardi de Ptupella nuper interpellati essemus, ut prsesulatus vestri sanctpe patemitati virum idoueum designaremus, qui per ipsum prsesentandus ad ecclesiam de Wikendun, animas fideli prudentia pasceret, et verbo vit?p, et exemplo vitse, 18 i AD.E Dl<: MAUISCO et Siicraiueuto vitic, ctiain dcduoturus ill;\s in inini.storiis vitro per vias vitre ad regnuin vitio ; ot i)er qiiorundain astntioroni snadolain nostri circunivcnta simplicitate pro niairistro (^(altVido G rosso ad istud olliciuiu assuiuondo, qui licet alias existat commendabilis, tanien consultiori liabita. doliberatione, ex supramcmoratis ct aliis imm- meris divinorimi eloquioniin et ratiomiiu irrefragabilium senteutiis, lit nostra valet exilitas, inforniati, ipsius nia- gistri nierita circa tanta3 administrationis sutHeientiani longius subsistere judicanius ; litteras nostras vobis destinassenuis coram throno Majestatis altissinuu hu- millinie provoliiti, et do inperspectiori pra"^cipitatione in negotiis a^stiniationis perniaxima\ cum intimis pr;c- cordioruui suspiriis, veniam deprecantes, sanctitatis vestra' pvoviila> circumspectioni, cpiautuui in nobis est, ([uit-quid ].)er nos in liac parte est attemptatuni in irrituiu revocando su})plicannis, exorantes (piatenus ob felicitatis a>ternjv contuituiu, et uietuni Ibrnudandi (>xaininis, pra'labo ecclesiio per aliam personam vobis, J)ivinitate propitia, in brevi pra^sentandam, in quam ct evangelical sanctiones et traditiones canonical cou- curr(M-(> diguoseantur, ad glariam Divini nonunis, ad coronam vestra^ beatitudinis. ad salutem saera^ plebis, ad axlificationem Catholiea» reUgit)nis, in-ovidere studeat sanctissima })ra\sulatus vcstri vigilantia. Parcat, })re- cauuir, dominationis vestra^ benigua dignatio scrvulorum suorum simplici devotioni. Nenqte si in hoc facto nostro nostra modicitas ar- guitur inconstantia^, accedit ad excusationem, cum in- numcris virorum illustriun\ exemplis, factum senq)iterna connnendatione dignissiuium cxeellentissimi regis As- sneri, bcncdictum Salvatorem potissimo figurantis. Qui quidem rex, tanta majestatis constantia spectabilis, ea qua'! ad suggestum crndelitatis mandata i)rius pro- tulerat in populi perditionem, in salutem ojusdem per ea qu;u ad interventum pietatis decreta jiost- )nodum pronndgaverat regiic eel'^Itudinis dementi EIMSTOlwK. 185 cir-cuiDHpcntionc rcvocavit, socuihIiiih S'' ,,..,. . . ,. . , tlicprclKiid Jaudahin ,su[)cr scriptjs per rcvcrondissimum patrcin ^f j^-jjaiin.^ re(;or(lati()iiiH .sancti.ssiina', (lominutn Tl. fpioiulam riiiicoliiii»! ('])iscoj)inn, tain odiiis (jnaiii tiaiislatis, a])ud vcncrabilein patn^rn, IVatruin niinonnn in Anglia nunistniin, lioc ctcnini diinitaxat in liao part(! facto opns est, sicvit vii^M), nt satisHiciat, «ino nidra' dispcndio saiai/ci'C cotfito, vobis insinnaiurMiM, «i l)cus vohicrit, ])().st dies paucds (piid indo licri valcbit (it ()nalit(;r. Ni.si pi-()l)ata. .sanctitas niagistri Synioni.s d(; liondiiio ()l)sistcrot ncu; inniK'rii.o veren- dniii Ibn^ ])ntai('ni (jnod i|>snni ad I'csignationcln iin- ])idcrit (^()ii('cj)tnH terror a .sonitu Iblii volantis, ])()st diiitinas Habd,aiiniii fb"s,snasioiiuni obsistcntias. A\\ ' ADolticr liliink in tlic MS. 1 (Voiii 125.1 10 12.^8. - Kichard of (Jriivcscnd, 1 )c;ni | " Sic. prrstriiirrril / 186 ADyE DE MARISCO metiiere oporteat Johannem Mansell ^ velut impedi- turum legitimam collationem prsebendte de Thame nescio, cum patefacto quod imnquam in eadem prai- benda jus aliquod nactus fuerit in pra3sentia domini regis coram solemni pra3sulum et procerum fre- quentia, cui aftui etiam ego qualiscunque, persona- liter liti cesserit et rem reliquerit in cubiculo re- gali Londonia3, ut asseruit, iDreesertim propter reveren- dam regise majestatis complacentiam. Alias autem, quantum conjici potest ex iis qure s?epe et multum in secreto et publico plurium auribus inculcat, quasi novo su8e salutis desiderio succensus, et insueta superni examinis formidine compunctus, si cor non dissideat a labiis, propouit in posterum quoad seipsum proven- tuum ecclesiasticorum potius obtenta diminuere, quam obtinenda cumnlare. Ore ad os nonnunquam ipsum principem reprehendit, et libera voce se cum complici- bus suis condemnat super sacramentorum profanationi- bus et ecclesiarum pervasionibus et animarum depopu- lationibus. Quid sibi velit insuspicabile miraculumj novit cui nomen est mirabile. Inseruistis litteras clausulam quam subjmigo : '' Do- '• minus ej^iscopus mandavit et rogavit ut pr?ebendani " de Thame reciperem, assignans rationes multas quod " hoc facere deberem, prsecipue cum ibi esset vicarius " perpetuus, qui pro magna parte a cura me redderet " exoneratum/' Pro qua, quseso, parte a cura rectorem vicarius reddet exoneratum, cum utrumque coi-am terrifico protribunali sponsio solemnis immutabilis decreti, sub sunmio districtus - sempiterni discrimino tam graviter constituat oneratum, ut non in partem, sed uterque teneatur in solidum ? O sermonem omni detestatione dio-nissimum ! O sermonem sa^culis omni- ' Of John Mansell, the King's Councillor, see ]\Iatt. Paris ad an. 1244-1251. He was originally chancellor of St. Paul's, and the most wealthy ecclesiastic of the time. Por a fuller elucidation of this Letter see the Appendix, '^ (lintricfii, MS. EPISTOL.E. 187 bus execnmcliuii ! O scriiioiiciu iicliiriuui dc ccjuiicis .s.'eculariter sapientiuni ! senuoneiu letiferum dinim vims dc vcnenato pectore spirantium ! Mirabinmr hoc. Sibilus est queni siibtiliat danuonialis inendacii ealliditas serpentina. An non hie tolerabilior est apcrte stieviens leo, quam draco blandiens callidc? Illo perimit violentia, iste necat pestilentia. Illam niulti cavere possunt quia luanifestain. Istaiu panel evadere valent quoniam absconditam. Sed qui conculcat leonem et draconein, et leonem conteret, et visitabit super levi- athan serpentem vetereni in gladio suo grandi, et duro, et forti, certe cito veniens ad liberationem suoruiii et sui gloriam. Unde doniinus episcopus nioveatiir circa factum pnc- bendaj dc Thame supva meiiioratum conjicere queo ; scire nequeo. Quia vero in re magna modicitatis meio consilium requiritis, respondeat vobis, oro, sine me ad magnum salutis incrementum mngni consilii angelus. Utrum mngister Johannes de Dereby sit ex illis, quos tantummodo ' decernit pra:'ficiendos animabus qui amat animas, dicens, " Date e vobis viros sapientes et gnaros, " quorum conversatio sit probata in tribubus suis, et " dabo vobis eos principes," penitus ignoro ; sed nee novit reor ecclesia. Constat certe quod secundum scita ccclestia probandi ad religionem ad probationem probati sunt admittendi. Audiamus salutis Auctorem : " Qui " in modico," inquit, " est infidelis, utique et in magno." Igitur nescio si hie Johannes pertineat ad factionem lascivientium perituram, qui gentiliter ingressi sunt Dei sanctuarium, de quibus prsecepit ne intrarent in ecclesiam suam. Sed novi quod nihil eidem potest opi- tulari, vel exiliter, ut evocetur salubriter ad salutare culmcn ecclesiastic! regiminis, nisi illi suftragentur ex- actiora tarn sanctitatis quam semulationis testimonia. Propterea si person?e memorat?e palam ista non adsint, tiiiin- 188 AD.E DE MARISCO qute divina loquimtur eloquia, certissimiim est, et luce clariori constat evidentia, dominum prsesuleni, dam liunc in eventum quemcunque vel praebendae de Thame, vel prsebendfe de Langeford, prseficere disponit in pas- torem, alterutri earundem ecclesiarum proviso secun- dum sanctiones evangelicas, illorum pernecabilem et damnatissimam imitari perfidiam, quibus dictum est, " Usquequaquam claudicatis in duas partes : si Do- " minus est Deus, sequimini eum ; si autem Baal, " sequimini eum ;" illorum et impietatem sectari de quibus dictum est, " Qui cum Deum colerent, diis quo- " que suis serviebant." Clamat ex evangelio Dorainus sseculorum : " Nemo potest duobus dominis servire/' Et iterum : " Qui non est mecum, contra me est." Et alibi : " Utinam calidus esses aut frigidus ; sed quia " tepidus es, et neque calidus neque frigidus, incipiam " te evomere ex ore meo." Et sreviunt contra ipsum horribiliter in Scripturarum sententiis decem millia urgentium tonitruorum terrifica fulmina. Sed inter has abyssales mundani principis obtenebra- tiones quid esset consultum censeri debeat quis aliqua- tenus videbit, nisi quem illustrant revelationes desursum descendentes a Patre luminum ? Verum sicut mihi inter densissimas defectuum meorum caligines, ex luce qute in tenebris lucet mihi subkicere tremulis cum oculis aspicio, consultum esse videtur ut juxta coelicas illu- minationes coilestium Scripturarum, humilem mentis vestrse niansuetudinem luculentius illustrantes, densis- simas infernalium cxca^cationum tenebras, quia mundi rectorcs tenebrarum liarum cum supernal lucis exerci- tibus (plures sunt vobiscum quam contra vos), quantum ccelitus prfestabitur exterminare satagatis, indefessa vi- rium supernarum constantia, commonentes, invitantes, cxorantes, adjuvantes, per tremendum judicium et reg- num reternum, prteftitum pontificem, ut de pontificali providentia pastorem pneficiat ecclesiarum imicuique, quantocunque casu vacare Gontigerit, exclusis penitua EPISTOL/E, 189 intuitu Sc"eculaii et carnali aftectu, secundum evano-ellca legum {eternalium decreta ; inducentes etiani, quantum in vobis est, eundem dominum episcopum ut sal- tem niagistrum Oliverum,' virum, ut videtur, lionesti moris et spei laudabilis, timorati spiritus et littera- tura3 prominentis, pniebendse de Langeford in rectorem velit evocare, si contingat quotl priebendte de Tliaine provisam collationem admittatis, quod apparet fore sustinendum propter premagnam de vobis conceptam in Domino fiduciam. Si autem translationi memoratte de vobis faciendae nequaquam consenseritis, ob causas pi-netactas, pro dicto magistro Olivero, si melius ali- quid non occurrat, ad curam pnebendi^ de Thame evocando nonnuUie rationes videntur aecedere. Quod si nihil liorum fieri contingat, qu?e nunc dicta sunt, quid restat nisi quod in loco vocationis vestrte permanentes, Christo Dei Filio, Dei virtuti, et Dei sapientioe, piissimis orationum instantiis committamus quod timemus ? Coarctationis pavida3 anceps anxietas meam admodum afflixit animam, in hac vestrse disertitudinis qusestione perplexa, cui quoniam igno- ravi ecce coram Domino quid certius responderem, hoc locutus sum, nequaquam quasi prtebens consi- lium, sed velut vevum investigans, quod vobis, de- precor, inspiret spiraculum Omnipotentis sapientire, attingentis a fine usque ad finem fortiter et dispo- nentis omnia suaviter, a gignente ingenito et nascente unigenito procedens, Spiritus consilii et fortitudinis, per interventum benedictissimum beatissimse Yirginis. Amen. Datum Readingse iv. Cal. Junii. Obstitit occasionum May 29th. importunitas quominus cursorem vestrum citius expedi- verim super pluribus causis urgentioribus. Desiderium mihi est vobiscum vivpe vocis habere colloquium, vel saltem litteratorium, si illud excluserit impossibilitas. • Qy. Oliver Lexington ? See p. 97. 190 ADM DE IVIARISCO On the duties of his new prefer- ment. LXXVII. Honorahili vlro et domino sua deslderahili, Magistro W. Lu2w,^ ArcJtidlacono Lincolnioi, Frater A. salutevi, et smcerurii in Domino dehitw devO' tionis affectum. Quarn Lnstanter amplectendam aspicio benedictam Divinte dispensationis clementiam, per quam ad excel- lentem ecclesiastic! regiminis auctoritatem, eminentein vestrse discretiouis honestatem nee caduci honoris am- bitio, nee niobilis affluentio3 captatio, nee fluidee vo- luptatis assectatio damnabiliter illexit ; sed Imniilitas mansuetffi virtutis, sed Veritas illiistris animse, sed liberalitas lati cordis salubriter evocavit. Quid ergo? Nnmqnid quem ccelestis illuminatio tarn datis optimis qnani donis perfectis ad honorem Divinee Majestatis, et ecclesiasticsB salutis operationem, specialiter iusiguivit, quos sa3cularis excsecatio tarn carnalibus spurcitiis in salvifici Nominis blaspheniiam et ecclesiasticse repara- tionis injuriam pernecabiliter deformavit, per liorrenda vastissimre perditionis prascipitia consectabitur ? Absit hoc, mi carissime domine, prorsus ab eo, qui super nu- merosas populorum tiirbas, tarn multos animarum rec- tores, principatum divinitus suscepit salvationis. Porro quid satagat vir apostolicus apostolicse professionis nor- mam custodire, quam tarn districta supern?e prsecep- tionis sententia, et sub tanta3 formidinis comminatione, et sub tantge prremiationis promissione, pastoribus ec- clesiarum tam constanter imponit ? Annon eam novit prteclara vestrse sedulitatis industria ; et quis ilia melius ? Luculenter hanc manifestant Angeli, qui vices ascendendi et descendendi frequentant in scala Jacob benedicti. Evidenter banc insinuat sanctus Moyses ad excelsa conscendens ut divino fruatur contubernio, et ad infima descendens ut humano patrocinetur solatio. Cum enim secundum Augustinum tria sint genera Eemoved thither from Gloucester, in 1248 ; deprived in 1255, EPISTOLiE. 191 Vivendi, imiim quod suLsistit in negotiis impen- dendio caritatis, alterum quod consistifc in otiis con- templandfo veritatis, tertiuni quod existit ex utroque temperatuni, videlicet actuosO; quod exercet veram eaiitatem, et otioso, quod tranquillat caram veritatem ; quis non videt ad perfectam hiijus tertii conversa- tionem, quanta necessitate constringuntur, qui supe- riorem locum ccelici regiminis sub tanto reddendee rationis discrimine sunt assecuti ? Proinde quid super- est quam, quum vobis jugiter incumbit et vices sup- plere pontificum, et curas informare clericorum, et mores lionestare plebium, ut pni; cunctis per contempla- tionem suspensi, ad cunctos per conipassionem proximi, secundum exemplar quod monstratur in more ordina- tionum tabernaculi disponatis ? Qualiter namque per pra3dicationem evangelii ministerium pastionis adimple- bitis secundum quod prrecipit apostolus, " Opus fac " evangelistfie, ministerium tuum imple," nisi jjer con- tempi ativam^ vacationem in lumine conspiciatis quod per activam sollicitudinem in tenebris hominum faciatis ? Si actuosa pastionis forma requiritur, quid congruen- tius occurrib quam quod personis apostolicis in Apos- tolorum Principe, post trinam suae dilectionis interro- gationem sub trina jussionis inculcatione, jam jamque cnelum ascensurus Pastor o^dum injuugere non cunctatur? Ubi secundum Sanctorum elucidationes, tribus modis Veritas caritatis per pastores ecclesise communicanda prfecipitur. Primum exhibent in documentis Scriptural, ex quibus hinc certitudo fidei, illinc morum rectitudo demonstratur. Secundum prgebent in exemplis justitifB, per qufc hinc forma vivendi, illinc ritus colendi prpero- gatin\ Tertium prtestant in sacramentis vitfe, in quibus hinc gratia reconciliationis, illinc gloria beatitudinis lar- gitur. Sed nihilominus otiosa pastorura speculatio de- ' cutPplalam, MS. 192 AD.E DE MARISCO sideratur, per qiiain sublimes animi rectorum regni Dei suspenduutur ad caritatem veritatis. Quid inanifestius ipsaui insinuat quam ilia quse in monte transfigurationis Primicei'ius pastorum tria tabernacula facere gestivit ? Quorum primum ex piissimis orationibus erigitur, quas comitantur Line augusta carnis maceratio, illinc anxia cordis compunctio ; secundum per clarissimas revelationes construitur, quas adornant bine discussio propriarum iniquitatum, illinc consideratio divinarum bonitatum ; tertium in sanctissimis excessibus proficitur, quos con- sumant bine divinorum superventuum susceptio, illinc snpercoelestium spectacidorum contuitio. Nonne prius positpe tres actionis negotiosas partitiones cum poste- rioribus dictis tribus otios?e vacationis distinctionibus et duodenarum virtutum per singulas illarum sex divi- sionum secundum binarium utrimque coenumeratis sanctificationibus sex mysticos gradus cum duodecim leunculis aureis altrinsecus per singulos istorum sex graduum secundum binarium dispositos patenter effi- ciunt? Quibus sex gradibus ascendunt apostolorum successores ad prtBgrandem tbronum V(^ri Salomonis, in sublimitate consessionis judicaturi cum eodem orbein terrarum, istis omnibus secundum artem reternaliter viventem apud inaccessibilem sapientice claritatem ordinatis. O stupendam ! O prtedicandam ! vene- randam tantai professionis dignitatem ! O exhorren- dam ! detestandam ! O execrandam tantte sanctionis preevaricationem ! Ad illam quidem maxime refertur illud apostoli : " Qui bene prsesunt presbyteri duplici " bonore liabeantur, maxime qui laborant in verbo et " doctrina." Ad istam vero pr£Esertim intorquetur illud Jeremise : " Confundantur qui me persequuntur et non " confundar ego ; paveant illi et non paveam ego ; indue " super eos dies afflictionis, et duplici contritione contere " eos, Domine Deus noster."; Ad banc igitm- apostolicse celsitudinis ncquaquam pervenitur, ut a?stimo, felicita- tem, nisi et invicta virtus publica:; potestatis violentias DE ADVENTU MIXORUJI. 49 Jolianiii Banistrc^' et ostendit ei puteum profuiidis- A. IX simum ; cui cum dieeret, " Pater, ecce fratres volunt *--'^~'^"- " expouere vegulam ; iino tu ])otius expoiie iiol)is *' regulani ;" respoudit sanctus, " Fili, vade ad fratres " laicos, et ip.si exponent tibi regulam tuani." Igitur annotatis alic^uibus articulis, mittunt eos fratres dicti " ad Generalem, in cedulii sine sigillo, oLse- crantes, per aspersioneni sanguinis Jesu Cbristi ut regulam stare })ermittat, sicut a Sancto Francisco, dictante Spiritu Sancto, tradita fuit. Istud autem mandatum tam protectori Ordinis quam et fratribus ultramarinis exinde placuit ; et confirmavit testimo- nium quod perliibuerat Frater Albertus Anglicis. Mor- tuus est autem Frater Haymo Anagniie. Ad quern etiam cum decumberet, visitandum dominus Papa Innocentius IV. venire dignatus est. Huic autem successit Frater Crescentius, medicus 5. famosus, minister Veronre,^ cujus zelum inflaramavit cl-escentius caritas, informavit scientia, confirmavit constantia. A.D. 1244.. Nam tam contraries sibi liabuit fratres provincise sure ut in ipsa nocte capituli generalis, in quo electus erat, post querelam suam quam fecerat zelatoribus Ordinis de rebellione fratrum suorum, videret eum unus frater in visione tonso ^ capite, barbam canam liabentem dependentem usque ad cingulum suum, et audivit vocem de coelo factam super eum in lisec verba: " Iste est Mardoclieus." Igitur cum audisset Frater Radulfus de Remis visionem, dixit statim, " Pro certo ipse erit hodie electus in Generalem." Cum autem fideliter et prudenter aliquandiu minis- trasset, impetravit absolutionem suam, et postea factus est episcopus civitatis de qua oriundus erat. Huic quoque successit Frater Johannes de Parma, y , ^' lector, qui sententias cursorie legerat Parisius, pra3- Parma. A.D. 1247. ' de Banastre, Cott. I ^ Veronie, Ebor. - dicti, om. Cott. 1 ■• tunsu, Cott. D 50 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. cipuus zelator Ordinis ; qui venit in Angliam tempore 1225-50. j^ratris W. cle Notingliam, et provinciale capitulum celebravit Oxonice, et fratres ad unitatem revocavit, qui prsecedeie caeteros in sententiis singulaiibus ince- perant. Hie obedientiam et honestatem Anglicorum in omnibus provinciis prredicavit. Ipse fi-atres Pari- sius personaliter in Universitate, professionis simplici- tatem protestaus, revocata appellatione quam fecerant, reconciliavit. Ipse ut vicissim generale capitulum ultra montes et citra celebraretur, ordinavit. Demum, non valens diutius pondus portare ministerii generalis, a domino Papa Alexandra IV.^ ut cedere posset obti- A.D. 125G. nuit. Dixit autem idem pater, quod " cum ex duobus " parietibus construatur cedificium Ordinis, scilicet " moribus bonis et scientia, parietem scientise fecerunt '' fratres ultra ccelos et ccelestia sublimem, in tantum " ut qufererent an Deus sit ; parietem vero morum " permiserunt ita bassum- esse, ut pro laude magna " dicatur de fratre, securus homo est ; unde non con- " venienter videbantur ?edificare." Voluit autem ut fratres reverentiam sufe religionis et publicis meritis se potius tuerentur erga prselatos et principes, quam Apostolicis privilegiis ; et ut essent minores inter omnes bumilitate et mansuetudine. The say- Frater Haymo dixit quod sic fuit de fratribus qui Haymo. '^ nolueruiit venire in conventum post infirmitatem suam, priusquam essent nimis fortes, ne forte non joossent redire ad recreationem, sicut fuit de puero, qui debuit invitus doceri litteras, et cum dixisset A, dixit quod licet ^ ^eque bene sciret dicere B, igitur A nullo modo voluit ; quod si diceret B, pr£eciperet magister quod diceret C, et deinceps. Dixit etiam quod cum adliuc secularis esset, ita deli- catus erat, quod non potuit sine multiplicibus remediis ' Alexander IV., 1251-1201. i = /,^ Qq^^ - las sum, Cott. DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 5] vestium et calciamentorum vivere, «ed i")o.stea fortior A.D. r. ., . , VI 1225-50. luit sine talibus. Cum rediret Frater Haymo a concilio general!, in quo provincialis minister factus fuerat, timens debi- litatem suam cogitavit quod si posset pervenire ultra montes postea non timeret ; accidit autem ut ubi plus timuerat fieret fortior, et in Francia debiiior. Frater Radulfus Remensis Anglicus post diutinos Incidenf5. labores venit in Angliam, et apud Sarum diutius con- templationi vacans feliciter obiit. Ipse nairavit quod cum Sanctus Franciscus incederet per viam in frigido vento, et fieret pusillanimis, resumpto spiritu ascendit in montem, et exuit se et convertit contra ventum et dixit sibi ipsi, quod bene sibi esset si haberet unam tunicam. Frater Johannes de Parma, minister generalis, in Incidcns. pleno capitulo generali Janure, prtecepit fratri Boni- facio qui fuerat socius Sancti Francisci, ut diceret fratribus de stigmatibus suis veritatem, quia multi de his per orbem dubitabant. Et respondit cum lachrymis : " Isti oculi peccatores ea viderunt ; et istae " manus peccatrices contrectaverunt ea." Sed et Frater Leo, socius Sancti Francisci, dixit Fratri Petro, ministro Anglian, quod apparitio Se- raphyn fticta fuit Sancto Francisco in c^uodam raptu contemplationis, et satis evideutius quam scribe- batur in vita sua, et quod multa fuerunt tunc sibi revelata qua) nulli viventi unc^uam communicavit. Verumtamen dixit Fratri RufRno, socio suo, quod cum a longe videret Angelum nimis territus fuit, et quod eum dure tractavit ; et dixit ei quod Ordo suus duraret usque ad finem mundi, et nullus malre voluntatis diu durare possit in Ordine ; et quod nullus odiens Ordinem diu viveret, et quod nullus veraciter amans Ordinem suum malum finem liaberet. Prtecepit autem Sanctus Franciscus fratri Ruffino, ut lapidem super quem steterat Angelus lavaret et D 2 TIIO:\rAS DE ECCLESrOX. AA). 122.'i-r)0. iiiigueret oleo ; quod et fecit. Ista scripsit Prater Gary mis de Sedenefeld ab ore Fratris Leonis. Frater Albertus dixit quod tria prsecipue sublima- verunt Ordineni ; nuditas pedum, vilitas vestimento- rum, et abjectio pecunia". Frater Walterus de Reygate dixit quod revelatum fuit cuidam fratri in provincia Sancti Francisci, quod dtemones ommi anno celebrant concilium contra Ordi- nem, et tunc tres vias adinvenerant ; scilicet familiari- tatem mulierum, recei^tionem inutilium personarum, et contrectationem j^ecuniffi. COLLATIO XIII. Dc Successione Ministrorum Provincialium. Provincial Slinisters. 1. Frater Agnellus. Primus igitur minister Anglias fuit Frater Angnellus Pisanus, ut supra dictum est, vir prudentia naturali pr^ecipue pra^ditus, omni virtute, ordine, et honestate conspicuus. Qui post nuncium quod pro pmclatis Anglite simul cum Fratre P. de Theukesbury, tunc temporis gardiano Londonije, et fratribus Pi'a^dica- toribus in curia E-omana commendabiliter consumraa- verat, infirmatus est Oxonire dysenteria, prte frigore, ut dicebatur, et labore quem pro pace reformanda inter dominum regem et marescallum suum in mar- chia Wallise, et in discurrendo per Angliam susti- nuerat.^ Postquam autem fluxus per medicinalia restrictus fuerat, accepit eum iliaca passio et dolor lateris, unde vix a clamore continere se valuit. ' Cullatlo XIV. De successione, I ^ ^..D. 1232. See Mat. Paris, in §"<^- tJott. I that year. dl: ada'entu minoeum. 53 C'lamavifc aiitcm per tres dies continues anteqnani A.D^ obiret, quasi continue, " Veni, dulcissime Jesii." Igitur, sacramentis ecclesiasticis rite peractis, ipse de successore requisitus ut consuleret, consuluit ut mitte- retur Frater Hugo de Wellys ad Fratrem Heliam, et ut fratres peterent sibi concedi in ministum Fratrem Albertum Pisanum, vel Fratrem Haymonem, vel Fra- crem Radulfum Remensem. Constituit autem, quan- tum in se fuit, vicarium Fratrem Petrum de Theukes- bury; et sic petitis' singulariter suft'ragiis singulorum fratrum, completa commendatione, quam et ipse cum conventu dixit, feliciter expiravit. Videbatur autem socio suo Fratri Waltero de Maddeley, quod fmuis quoddam jacuit in clioro, quod a cruce videbatur recenter depositum. Nam et quinque vulnera lialtuit in niodum crucifixi Jhesu Cbristi sanguinaria. Cum vero crederet quod esset ipse dulcis Jesus Christus, appropinquans cominus vidit quod erat Frater Angnellus. Dignum memoria quod vir venerabilis magister Serlo decanus Oxonise^ monuit fratrem Angnellum quod raro comederet extra, conventum. Accidit autem ut gardianus quidam eadem die qua prsedicaverat populo, coram sseculari quodam, cum quodam mona- cho verbis jocaretur post prandium, siquidem comede- rant cum fratribus ; seecularis autem dixit clam fratri cuidam, qui erat suus secretarius, hoc non decere prselatum et prpedicatorem. Gardianus autem idem dixit mihi quod maluisset quod percussus fuisset lancea per medium costarum suarum quam tale dedisset exeniplum. In tantum zelabant fratres liones- tatem ordinis, et prajcipue Frater Angnellus, ut nee secretario regis parceret, sed aniovit eum a curia, et non permisit quod aliquid mitteret vel acciperet. Frater Angnellus, cum diu in ordine diaconatua Dcnitus^ Cott» I - Ejon, Cott. 54 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. fuisset Minister Andias noluit promoveri in sacer- doteni, i^riusquam per capitiilum provinciale procura- tuni fuisset a capitulo generali nt sibi proeciperetur. Tarn devotus autem erat in officio divino, ut non solum in missa sed etiam in clioro, et cum asset per viam, videretur continue flere, ita tamen quod per- pendi non potuit in sti'epitu, vel gemitu, vel deforma- tionc vultus. Officium quoque dicebat semper stando, et acriter increpavit fratrem qni sedendo dixit in minutione iioras suas. Cum autem sensit mortem sibi imminere dixit Fratri Petro de Tlieukesbury. Tu scis totam vitam ; et cum diceret Frater Petrus quod non ^ fuerat sibi unquam generaliter confessus, percussit caput suum et incepit clamando plangere, et statim cum mirabili contritione est confessus ei de tota vita sua. Postea evocatis fi-atribus absolvit eos, et cum ex prtecepto suo commendationem in- clioassent, ipse sibi manu sua clausit oculos, et manus super pectus in modum crucis collocavit. Post multos autem annos, cum nocte liaberent fratres amovere corpus suum, cum sc. destruxissent capellam, in qua coram altari et in clioro sepultus erat, inve- nerunt capsellam plumbeam in qua jacuit, simnl cum fossa, plenam oleo pnrissimo, ipsum vero corpus simul cum vestimentis incorruptum, et suavissime redolere. 2. Igitur Frater Helias, recepto nuncio quod mortuus tusofPisa. *^^'^^ Frater Angnellus, statim provinciale sigillum, in A.D.1236? cujus impressione fuit agnus cum cruce, destrui fecit, indigne ferens quod fratres Anglia ministrum sibi dari peterent aliquem nominatum. Unde fere per an- num Ministrum eis mittere distulit : tandem, revocato quodam quem jam miserat, mandavit Fratri Alberto Pisano, qui fuerat minister Hungaria?, Alemannire, Bononire, Marcliia? Anchonitanfe, Marchiaj- Trevisin?e et Tuscipe, ut proficisceretur in Anglam, et ibidem om. Cott. I s om. Cott. DE ADVENT U MINORUM. 55 fratribus ministrarefc. Venit oi'i^o in festo Sanctas A.D. Liicia3 in Angliam, et in festo Purificationis celcbravit "'o^ Oxonia) capitulum i)rovinciale. Prtedicavit qiioqiic' de J^'''- "^^^^'^- hoc themate : '' Attendite ad petvam unde excisi estis, " ct ad caveriutm laci~ de qua proicisi estis." Igitur omnia de fratribus faciens secundum libitum voluntatis sua), humilitatem et mansuetudinem, siinplicitatem et zelum, caritatem et patientiam Fratrum Anglise multi- pliciter experimentatus est. Unde licet publice tunc dixisset fratribus quod talem dominum usque in linem habituri erant, qualem ipsis se in illo capitulo exlii- buerat, de die in diem tamen deinceps sal evangel icum in omni sacrificio plus solito sapienter offerens, alter reddebatur ex altero. Nam in tantum postea fratres Anglise commendavit, ut se ipsis ex toto mentis affectu dederit, et ipsos ineffabili fcedere sibi copularit ; voluntati siquidem supe in omni perfectionis proposito eos conformes invenit, et pro reformatione Ordinis in carcerem et in exilium secum ire paratos, Statuit ergo in domo hospitum, nisi cum Praedica- toribus et fratribus aliarum provineiarum, semper silen- tium teneri in mensa. Fratres quoque voluit tunicas veteres novis superponere, et propter vilitatem et propter diuturniorem durationem. Claustrum Sutham- tonia^ lapideum, licet cum magna difficultate, destruxit, quia scilicet homines villse se objecerunt ; et cliartam seu compositionem quce fuit intei' monaclios Redyngpe et fratres, quod scilicet pro voluntate sua non possent eos expellere, ferventissime eisdem restituit, et obtulit se fratres amoturum si vellent. Do capella vero loci, quod non potuit earn humiliare, j)ropter dominum regem qui cam construxerat, optavit ut coelitus de- strueretur.^ Ipse collocavit fratres CestricB et Wyn- tonice, sed cum difficultate magna. Ipse recepit man- ' prccdicavitqiic, Cott; I ^ De capella ..... dcslrucretttr ^ Sic. I om. Cott. oG THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. datum domini Papas Gregorii, quod fratres Prasdicatores 1225-50. j^yi}^;i^^ obligarent, quo minus posset ad quamcuiu^ue Fr. Aiber- vellet religioiiem intrare, nee fratres suos novicios, nisi tus o 1 iba. QQjyjpiQ^o anno probationis, ad professionem reciperent. Consueverunt enini ipso die ingTessus sui, si vellent, j)rofiteri, sicque^ fecit bonse memorise Frater R. Bacun. Ipsi ergo plurimum commoti impetraverunt postea- a domino Papa Imiocentio IV., quod nullus Frater Minor suos obligatos reciperet ; quod si faceret, esset excommunicatus de facto; et ipsi similiter annu- erunt de nostris. Obligaverunt ergo tot modis,^ et in. tantum hoc privilegium publicaverunt, quod vix ali- quem dimitterent. Sed non diu duravit ista tribu- latio. Nam bonte memories Frater W. de Notingham et Frater Petrus de Teukesbury ostenderunt domino Papte quid predecessor suus statuerat, et ipse circum- ventum se dicens, licet cum molesta dilatione hoc fieret, revocatoriam eis concessit. Dixit autem aliquando Frater Albertus, quod valde deberaus diligere fratres Prsedicatores, quia in pluribus profuerunt Ordini nostro, et occasionaliter instruxerunt nos ad futura pericula jirascavenda. His say- Jn officio divino extitit semper devotissimus, et clausis oculis evagationem mentis evitabat. In socie- tate fratrum semper hilaris et jocundus omnium ad se convertit affectum. Unde cmn minutus fuisset ali- quando cum conventu talem inter socios proposuit parabolam, propter novicium quendam prcecipue, qui prsesens erat, qui nimis sapiens erat in oculis pro- priis, et praesumpsit intromittere se de impertinentibus. Rusticus, inquit, quidam, audiens quod tanta quies esset et tot delicise in Paradiso, profectus est ut qupe- reret ubi esset, si forte aliquo modo posset intromitti. Et cum tandem pervenisset ad portam, invenit Sanctum ' sic quod, Ebor. . I / * om. Cott. " '""*' C«*f- ings DE ADVENTU JIINORUM. 57 Petriim et ingressum pctiit ; a quo cum qua;;reret a.d. Petrus si leges Paradisi custodire posset et piwpo- 1225-59. neret, dixit quod sic, duminodo eos sibi dicere digna- Tr. aUkt- retur. Dixit igitur Petrus quod solummodo servaret *"^ " ■'^'''*"- silentium. Quod cum libenter annueret intromissus est ; et progredicns per Paradisum vidit quondam arantcin cum duobus bobus, imo macilento et alio pingui, et pinguem permisit ire sicut libuit et ma- crum semper stimulavit. Et accurrens ^ redarguit eum. Et statim afFuit Sanctus Petrus et voluit cum expellere ; pepercit tameii ei ilia vice, et pra^cepit ut sibi caveret. Et statim profectus inde vidit liominem portantem lignum longum, et voluit ingredi domum, et semper vertit lignum ex transverse ostii ; et accur- rens docuit eum ut prreponeret unum caput ligni. Et statim afFuit S. Petrus, et voluit eum modis omnibus expellere ; pepercit tamen ei et ilia vice. Tertio pro- fectus inde vidit liominem secantem ligna in silva ; et semper pepercit veteribus truncis et cavis robo- ribus, et prostravit et dissecuit recta et viridia et qufBCunque pulclierrima. Et accurrens increpavit eum. Et statim afFuit S. Petrus et expulit eum. Voluit autem ut subditi superiores suos ubique haberent in reverentia, dicens, " Absit ut farailiaritas pariat con- " temptum." In prgedicta collatione dixit Frater Albertus para- Incidens' bolam contra prsesumptionem juvenum, dicens quod tam'^dio." taurus quidam ibat cotidie per prata et blada ubi- cutionem. cunque voluit, et cum die quadam circa lioram pri- mam vel tertiam divertisset ad aratrum, et videret quod seniores boves pedetentim incederent et parum arassent, culpavit eos, et dixit quod uno impetu tantum fecisset ; et rogaverunt eum ut juvaret eos ; et cum positus esset sub jugo, cucurrit cum impetu nimio usque ad medium sulci, et lassatus incepit ' uc sUttim, Ebor. | - Ebor. sic. 58 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A.D. palpitare ; et respexit, dicens : ''' Quomodo ! Non est 1225-50. u adhuc totum consummatum ? " Et responderunt senes, Fr. Aibcr- quod noiidum, deridentes sc. eiim. Et dixit taurus jsa. q^Q^^i j^Qj^ potuit progredi. Dixerunt autem ipsi, quod ideo moderatius ibant, quia oportuit omnibus modis eos operari, et non ad tempus. Fratrem Eustacium de Merc compulit pisces come- dere, contra consuetudinem, dicens, quod midtas ])onas personas amisit Ordo per indiscretionem eorura. Dixit autem quod cum esset cum Sancto Francisco in quodam liospitali commorans, compulit eum sanctus duplicare cotidie quod comedere consueverat. Extitit etiam tam liberalis ut gardianum quendam graviter arguit et si- militer Prtedicatorem, quia non providebant conventui abundantius post laborem in solemnitate quadam. Tam magnpe pietatis et compassionis erat, ut obedien- tiam faceret cuidam fi-atri debili ut partes suas natales adiret, et per diversam^ custodiam a loco in locum si vellet circuiret, et ipse si fratres gravarentur exhibi- tione sua sumptus pro ipso refunderet. Igitur ]iost- quam per duos annos et dimidium Angliam nobilius rexerat, profectus est cum j^luribus electis contra Fratrem Heliam, et post generale ministerium inter Angiicos Romce feliciter obiit. 3. Cui successit Frater Haymo, qui fratres, sicut erat Ir.Ilaymo. benignissimus et dulcissimus, in omni pace et caritate ■ • ^'^^^- tenere curavit. Ipse induit dominum Herfordensem episcopum, Radulfum de Maydenstone, secmidum visi- onem quam de ipso liabuerat, cum esset archidiaconus Cestrise, quod scilicet venit quidam puer, cum sederet et disponeret clerum in synodo, et projecit ei aquam in fjiciem, et statim conversus est in puermn misera- bilem. Et venit ad lectimi in quo jacuit Frater Haymo, et rogavit ut ipsum ibi jacere concederet; et sic fecit. Et secundmn hsec finem- felicem habuit in ' (Turn, Cott. I 2 Qui post hoc felicem finem, Ebor; DE ADVENTU MINORUM. 59 ordinc' Initur Frater Havmo per annum unuiu - ^-'^• . J X 1220-50. niinistravit in Anglia ; et postea in Generalem clectus est. Successit autem ei vicarius suus, Frater W, de ^; Notingham per communem eleetionem et confirma- deNoting- tiononi factam ab eis, quibus fuerat demandata. Igitur ^'^"^• Frater Williehnus, licet in inferioribus officiis pcnitus i939_4o existeret inexpertus, utpote gardiani et custodis, ita strenue se gerebat, ut per imiversas provincias zekis suus et probitas divulgarentur.^ In diebus illis accidit, ut duo fratres valde famosi inirent in domum cujusdam frankelani, qui honorilice suscepit eos et abundanter exliibuit. Et cum sede- rent in prandio supervenit rector ecclesie, culpans eos quod non diverterant ad ipsum ; et cum plurimum compulisset eos ut comederent appositas carnes, et modestiam suam raovere non posset, iratus ait : " Co- " medite, comedite ; nam irigus occidit corpora vestra, " et gula occidit animas nostras:" et surgens abiit. Minister autem Frater Albertus consuevit dicere socio suo omne bonum nomine,* cum veniret ad amicos spirituales, " Comede, comede, modo secure possumus." Cavit autem quantum potuit ab omnibus scecularibus. Item, Frater Williehnus consuevit narrare, quod Sanctus^ Stephanus, fundator Ordinis Grandis Montis, posuit cistam quandam in loco secreto et tuto ; et proliibuit quod dum viveret nullus accederet. Igitur temptati sunt fratres scire quid esset in cista, nam et ipse sanctus voluit ut omnes exemplo suo^ habe- ' The Cotton MS. adds, in a later hand, that Ralph de Maidstone as- sumed the habit five years before his death : "Stc'it autem in conventu Gloveniicc, ubi et ohiit, et sepultus in choro fratrum in presbyterario, in parte boriali in archu fjuodam." * The year must have been A.D, 1239-40, for at the close of 1233, Ralph of Maidstone resigned Lis bishopric. ^ The York MS. is here almost obliterated by damp. "* ome boini nole, Cott. '■" om. Cott. " exemplo aid, Cott. GO THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. A^D. j.gj^t, Qf^^rj^ in magna veneratione. Post mortem ergo suam non potiierunt differre, sed fregerunt eam, et non invenerunt nisi chartam unam, continentem scili- cet : " Frater Stephanus, fundator Ordinis Grandis "' Montis, salutat fratres suos, et supplicat ut obser- " vent se a s^ecularibus. Quia sicut vos, dum nes- " ciebatis quid erat in cista, habuistis earn in lionore, " sic et ipsi vos." Frater Albertus fuit Oxonise in prsedicatione cujus- dam juvenis fratris ; et cum audacter damnaret pedi- ficiorum sublimitatem, et alimentorum abundantiam, corripuit euin propter vanam gloriarn. Frater Ada de Marisco narravit quod puer quidam nimis delicatus cum infirmaretur, et rogaret eum pater suus ut pro amore suo comederet, sicut fuit suus filius carissimus ; respondit quod non fuit suus filius. Similiter etiam respondit matri sure cum ipsiun in eadem forma fortiter rogaret. Cumque qurereretur cujus esset filius si non erat suus, ]"espondit indig- nanter et proterve, " Ego sum filius mei ipsius." Sic est de his, qui sunt proprii sensus et voluntatis. Frater Haymo, cum esset provincialis Minister Anglife, dixit quod quidam fluctus percusserunt Ordi- nem, quum fratres fecerunt dedicari in areis suis cantarias et altaria, quod scilicet non possunt post convert! in usus prophanos. Tantus enim zelator pau- pertatis erat, ut in provinciali capitulo in habitu vilis- simo et scisso sederet cum extremis in refectorio ad terram.^ Of this paragraph the Cotton MS. omits the first scntenc'(^. DE ADVENTU MINORUM. Gl COLLATIO XIV. Be Spiritiiall Profectu quorundam Fratvum} Postremo, memoriio coramendanduin credo, quod Anecdotes adhuc viventibus plurimis, per qiios plantata fuit Order, vinea Minoruni iu provincia Anglicana, et in iy^^'a et in aliis provinciis propagines suje creveriint in tantum quod ad diversas dignitates et officia tam in Ordine quain extra fratres proficerent, et ipsi pr?e- cipue qui amplius se humiliaverant. Nam Frater Nicholaus, qui cum laicus esset literas didicit in An- glia, postea confessor domini Papne Innocentii IV., et postea episcopus Assisii factus est,- Quidam quoque puer tenerrimus, qui cum laicus receptus est, et pos- tea gloriosa Virgine sibi apparente, et digitum suum in OS suum ponente, in signum prtcdicationis et lec- tionis, nou solum priedicator et lector egregius, sed etiam in regimine Ordinis prtecipuus habitus est. Quis autem enumerare sufficeret qtiam singulariter profece- runt, qui in principio adventus f rat rum singulari fervore intraverunt ? Et cum essent boni bachelarii et genere nobiles caparonem probationis praecaverunt, et postea plures in prsodicationis seu lectionis officio et Ordinis regimine tam strenue tamque laudabiliter se gesserunt. Frater Eustacius de Merc primo diu gardianus Oxoni?e, postea custos Eboraci, usque ad mortem consuetum modum abstinentiie, vigiliarum, et cor- poralis exercitationis in seipso, ad alios autem an- gelici affectus suavitatem semper habuit ; moriens * Collatio XIV. De speciali pro- I - The rest of the York MS. now fectu quorundam fratrum. Cott. | becomes illegible from damp. G2 THOMAS DE ECCLESTON. quoque Matrem Miseiicorcliie frequenter in lisec verba mediillitus allocutus est : " Per tuura, Virgo, Filinm, " per Pafcrem, per Paraclitum, assis pr.iesens ad obi- " turn meum et siimmum exitum.'' Frater Robertvis de Tornam, prinio gardianus Len- nise, postea per multos annos custos Cantabrigise, pos- tremo ineffabili fervore, impetrata licentia proficiscendi cum crucesignatis in Terrani Sanctam, cum tamen in- comparabilem tam ssecularium quani fratrum in officio gravi adquisisset, tantre nobilis sujb salvationis in morte signa monstravit, ut de salute sua nuUus fidelis ambigere debeat. Frater Stephanus de Belase, primo gardianus Len- nipe, postea custos Herfordife, tantte fuit dulcedinis tantreque perfectionis, ut etiam lachrymis zelum cordis Bui testaretur, cmn videret quod rigor religionis laxa- retur, Unde nimio desiderio quietis ab omni absolutus officio, habuit fructum suum in sanctificationem, et finem vero vitam reternam, Frater Will. Coclie, qui cum fortissimus robore foret, per priBmaturos labores custodif© Londinensis et curas alias penitus exinanitus est, Ab activa tandem ad contemplativam se transtulit, et plenus operibus in pace quievit. Frater Augustinus bonte memorijB Fratris W. de Notingham germanus, primo domini Innocentii Papa3 IV. familiaris, postea cum nepote ejusdem domini Patriarclia Antiocheno in Syriam profectus, postremo episcopus Laodicea) factus est. Hie retulit publice in conventu Londonia) se fuisse apud Assisium in festo S. Francisci, et fuit ibi papa Gregorius, et cum procederet ad prredicandum cantabant fratres, Huiic Sandus i^rcGelegerat ; et subrisit papa. Narravifc autem papa in ilia praedicatione qualiter apud Vene- tias duo hseresiarcliaj conversi sunt, et missi ad ipsum cum litteris cardinalium, qui ibi erant legati, con- tinentibus quod ambo illi ha3retici una nocte eadern hora viderunt Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum DE ADVENTU MINORUM. G3 quasi in forma judicii scdere cuin apostolis suis, et omnibus ordinibus qui sunt in mundo ; sed Fratren Minores nusquam vidcrunt ibi, ncc Sanctum Francis- cum, quern (|uidam Icgatorum in ])ra3dicatione dixerat Sancto Jolianni Evangelista3 in stigmatum collatione preelatum. Viderunt autem ipsvim Dominum Jesum reclinantem se in gremio Sancti Jolumnis et ipsum se vicissim in suo. Cumque pro certo crederent hoc sibi ad confirmationem sikc opinionis ostensum, siqui- dem blaspliemasse putabant legatum, et inde graviter scandalizabantur et praedicationi detraliebant ; ccce, dulcis Jesus aperuit manibus propriis ejus vulnus lateris sui, et apparuit S. Franciscus intra pectus suum apertissime ; et clausit dulcis Jesus vulnus et ipsum totaliter inclusit interius. Igitur experge- facti hasretici in crastino sibi invicem obviassent ; narraverunt sibi mutuo visionem, et cardinalibas pub- lice confess!, ad papara, ut dictum est, missi sunt, et ab ipso plene reconciliati.^ Post prsedicationem vero venerunt novi milites ad papam, et ipse singulis sertum cle floribus imposuit ; et inde inolevit consuetudo ut omnes qui debent milites fieri in festo illo arma recipiant. In illo festo papa celebravit extra ecclesiam super tabulam sub divo, quia non potuit esse in ecclesia pra: multitudine P^P^l^- ^ , ^ . rcterof Frater Petrus de Theukesbury, minister Alemanniae, Tewks- contra regem et legatum et plures falsos fratres, fj"en(jo^f cooperante gratia Dei statum Ordinis defendit, in Bp. Gros- tete. ' In marg. : " O vehemcnter obit' gatos ! O beneficiis dulciter ohrutos ! O immensa dignatione dignijicatos ! Qui tot et talium personarum, primi- tias spiritiis hahentium, potuerunt coniiliis dir'igi in diibiis,' consolati- onibiis refoveri in trintibus, exemplis provocari in gravibus, O ineffabilis gratia! O incomparabilis prceroga- tiva ! O dulcedinis inexhausta suu- vissima viscera, tantorum famiUari- tate p , (sic) tarn spectabilium spcciali affectu in prcesenti pcrc- grinutione jocundari, tot fumvsurum gratia commendari .'" Gi THOMAS DE ECCLESTOX. tantura, ut usque in plures provincitis fama facti perveniret, et zelus veritatis invincibiliter probatus est. Ipse special! dilectione domini Lincolnite^ ditari meruit ; a quo plura secreta sapientia) frequenter Anecdotes audivit. Dixit enim ei aliquando, quod nisi fratres ofBp, foverent studium et studiose vacarent legi divinae, pro eerto similiter contingeret de nobis, sicut de aliis religiosis, quos videmus in tenebiis ignorantire, proli dolor! ambulare. Item dixit Fratri Job. de Dya, quod provideret sibi sex vel septeni idoneos clerieos de partibus suis, quos posset beneficiare in ecclesia sua ; qui scilicet quamvis nescirent Anglicum, exemplo prte- dicarent. Unde constat quod non recusavit eos quos Papa instituit et nepotes cardinalium, quia nescie- bant linguam Anglicanam, sed quia non quacrebant nisi teraporalia. Unde cum diceret ei advocatus in cu]-ia, " Canones hoc volunt," respondit, " Imo, canes " lioc volunt." Surrexit et confessus est Anglice, flexis genibus, coram personis prtcsentatis sibi a cardinal i- bus, et tundebat pectus suum cum fletu et ejulatu, et sic confusi recesserunt. Prseterea cum qua^reret camerarius Domini Papa3 mille libras, in quibus- visitaverat curiam, volens ut acciperet eas a mercatoribus, respondit quod " noluit dare eis occasionem peccandi mortaliter ; " sed si sospes veniret in Angliam, deponeret eas " in templo Londonite, alioquin nunquam habei'et " obolum." Prseterea dixit fratri pr?edicatori, " Tria " sunt necessaria ad salutem temporalem, cibus, " somnus, et jocus." Item injunxit cuidam fratri melancholico, ut biberet calicem plenum optimo vino pro penitentia, et cum ebibisset liect invitissime, dixit ei, " Prater carissime, si baberes frequenter » Grostete. [ ■ cf, Cott. EPLSTOL.E. . 209 exauien toi-psiitis ignaviit' reJargLiitur regiilaris conver- satio, qu:\3 lioc ipsum prai'libare non satagit in tem- pore, quo postmodo satianda est in jicternitate. Iteriim in peternum valete. XC. Venerahili pdtri in Chrisfo ct Domino R., Dei gratia Ahhati de Dorkecestria', Fratev Ada salutam ct suhjectoi debitcG devotionis famidatum. Licet modicitatem ineam tenuitas ineiitorum ab in- Ur^-cs Lim teipellando revocaverit, pniestitit tamen intcrpellandi *9 lecon- , , ciliation fiduciam et sanctitatis veytrfie religiosa pietas et reli- with the oiosarnm mentium optata tranquillitas. Proinde cum ^^^'■'^^ ^^ . . 1 • T 1 Godstow. inter patermtatem vestram et dommam abbatissam de Godestowe ante aliquot dies exortte litium dissen- siones nondum pacifico fine conquieverint, sed conten- tionum in,staurata3 sunt occasiones, nonnunquam cum non mediocri detrimento salutis exercentur, dieente Apostolo, "Jam quidem omnino delictum est in vobis, " quod judicial habetis inter vos :" Et iterum : " Servum " Dei non oportet litigare, sed mansuetum esse ad " omnes :" Et alibi : " Si fieri potest, quod ex vobis " est, cum omnibus hominibus pacem habentes :" Et rursuni : " Induite vos sicut electi Dei, sancti et di- " lecti, viscera misericordige, benignitatem, humilitatem, " modestiam, patientiam, supportantes invicem et do- " nantes vobismet ipsis, si quis adversus aliquem liabet " querelam, sicut et Dominus donavit vobis, ita et vos :" Quibus insuper accedunt, sicut vestras circumspec- tionis melius novit industria, innumerabiles divinorum eloquiorum sententise, sub tanta prseceptionum distric- tione, potissimum ad eos conscript»?, qui perniciosis sa?cvi- larium negotiorum implicamentis professione renunci- o 210 . AD.E DE MArjSCO antes, ad salutaria ccelestimn vocationum contemplamina votum contuleruiit : Cum, iiiqiiam, liasc sic se habeant, inolitam benigiiitatis vestrce clementiam humiliter rogo, supplicans obnixius quatenus ob contemplationem Ipsius, qui non nisi pacem innocentise consecuturam pacem gloriiB, maxime mundi renunciatoribus tarn diligenter insinuans, ait, " Pacem relinquam vobis, pacem meam " do vobis :" pia longanimitate prorogare velitis, a jvi- dicibus vestris demandatam censuKB arctioris executi- onem, usque ad diem octavam ab Inventione Sanctee May 3rcl. Crucis, salvo jure vestro, sub spe pacis reformandse per filios pacis utriusque partis amicos, cessante judicialis strepitus discordia ; tanto si placet propensiori benevo- lentia prtesentem suscipientes petitionem, quanto quod petitur teste Scriptura cunctis mortalibus, nedum illis qui de pacifica vitse regularis concordia gloriantur, op- tabilius esse cognoscitur. Valeat pia vestrse caiitatis incolumitas in Clnisto semper et beatissima Virgine. XCI. Reverendo in C'hristo 'jpcUri et domino II., Ahhati de Wautham, Frater A. salutem et subjectum in Domino dehitce devotionis famulatum. Ad eximiam sanctitatis vestrre pietatem in causis sahitaribus tanto fiducial ins acceditur, quanto circa sa- lutis semulationem per pium favorabilis clementise patro- cinium suavius fervere multiplicibus experimentis com- probamiid. Sat.^ ' Here follows a blank iu the MS. of forty-one lines. EPISTOL^. 211 XCII. Reverendo in Christo iKdri et domino N.,^ Priori Gantuariw, salutem, et cum spiritio consilii salu- taris spiritum, invictw fortitudinis. Quum jam ante menses plurimos de vestrfe sanctitatis Touching et collegii vestri beneplacito, mihi per carissimnm G., ^'^"'' ^!^" gardianum fratrum miiioriim Cantuarise litteratorie the Bp. of signato, quibus necessitatum detrimentis, quibiis la- -^^°^^'"' borura fatigationibus, quam frequenti desiderio, quam l«ta promptitudine, qualiscunque me?e modicitatis devotio personaliter affuit, ubi pr?esidente sancti- tatis vestr?e reverentia, virisque venerabilibus con- siliariis, et filiis vestris considentibus ; post diiitinum pacificpe discussionis colloquium, per inspiratam bene- volis animabus saj)ientiam, inter dominum Lincolnipe et capitidum vestrum concepta desiderandee pacis forma, sub publica signatione, illis quorum adhuc rei magni- tudo desiderare videbatur examen relicta fuit osten- denda ; quam etiam dictu.s dominus Lincolnise post deli- beratam maturi moderaminis expectationem pio pacatse mentis consensu censuit approbandam ; secundum quod ad providam vestrre dominationis jussionem, prout com- mode fieri potuit, incunctanter vestram certificare cura^'i reverentiam ; litteris etiam inserens paupertatis mea) salutare consilium, per quod pemulanda mansm'i foederis Concordia, propitia divinitate Regis pacifici, qui beatam I'egni sui consummationem posuit ?eternfe certitudinis pacem perfectam, inviolabili gavisa fuisset firmitudine, si circumspecta placidi pectoris serenitas, vel per exhi- bitionem personalis prpesentia^, vel per instructi procu- ratoris sufficientiam, illud mancipare voluisset effectui ; — Quum, inquam, hrec ita se habuerint, qute tenaci vestra3 discretionis memoria nullatenus reor excidisse, et tamen desiderabilem tanta» salutis pietatem jam ob- duxit non mediocriter stupendum productions moras I Seep. 226.' O 2 212 ADAi DE xMARISCO silentimn, suspirantes filii pads, cum Hezechia rege Judaea rofjante quiio ad pacem sunt Jerusalem, clamare coguntur : " Veiierunt filii usque ad paitum, et virtus " non erat pariendi/' Qui sunt etenim filii, nisi divina3 pacis conceptus sancti, qvios pia pacificarum mentium sollicitudine vos, vestra^que sanctitatis col- legium, tarn vigilanter parere sategistis, ubi vis de- fecta conaminis, qua3 salubriter concepit, nequaquam edidit efficaciter ? Vereor in hoc salutis negotio benignitati dilectionis pacis pariturae conceptum se- ditionum perniciosissimpe pestis, draconem quern scribit coelestium mysteriorum ille Contemplator, ubi dicitur : " Et draco stetit ante mulierem quas erat paritura, " ut cum peperisset filium ejus devoraret." Hoc quippe loco, nomine mulieris, quid convenientius ex- primitur quarn benignse caritatis fecunda sedulitas, [quae] divinitus conceptum pacis principem conatur ut pariat, ante quam^ draco, qui est sensus seductivus S03cu- laris astutice, perseverat in insidiis ad divinse prolis de- vorationem ; qui secundum Dei Apostolum sit terrenus, animalis, et diabolicus ; quum terrenus, nihil sectatm* nisi mundialia mobilis affluentise compendia, secundum illud : '• Quasi Phytonis'- vox tua de terra et de humo '' mussitabit eloquium tuum "? Quum alias nihil aflfectat nisi carnalia fluidse voluptatis contagia, secundum illud :^ " Nullum peccatum^ sit quod non pertranseat luxuria " nostra ; nemo nostrum sit exsors luxuriae nostra?, " Ubique relinquamus signa laetitise, quoniam hsec est '•' pars nostra et hrec est sors nostra." Quoniam diabolicus nihil ambit nisi daemoniales pompaticae gioriationis ex- toUentias, secundum illud : " Superbia cordis tui extulit ' anq"m, MS. | different but coeval hand ; probably 2 Fitonis, MS. by the Author himself, as several 5 " Quasi Pliijtunis .... secundum corrections occur in it throughout itliid.^ The whole of this sentence the MS. has been added in the margin in a 1 •• The reading is doubtful. EPiSTOLi'E. 213 " te liabitantein in scissuris petrte, exaltantem solium " suuni,' qui dicit in corde suo : ' Quis detraliet in " ' terrara, si exaltatus fuero ut aquila?' Etsi inter " sidera posueris nidum tuum, inde detraham te, dicit " Dominus." Hunc sane sseculi sensum Scriptura Dei nuncupatione draconis insinuat. Iste namque haustu, perplexu,- et ver- bere letifero mortal ia ingerit discrimina. Ille vero pree- senti novissimorum dierum qua) nunc aguntur tempori- bus periculosis, ut ubique prolem pacis penitus extinguat, exitiales litiura exagitat discordias. Quasi verbere, vio- lentiarum injuriis concutiens ; quasi perplexu, fraudum moliminibus seducens ; quasi liaustu, assentationum blan- ditiis absorbens, per inauditam frontosi furoris pervica- ciam orbem terrarum vexare non desistit, adeo quod ncquaquam sit qui luculenter non consideret Sathanam jam solutum ant in brevi solvendum, nisi quem secun- dum Scripturam percussit Dominus amentia, et furore, ac ceecitate mentis, palpitantem meridie sicut palpare solet ccecus in tenebris. Quis ejus, quem nunc loquor, amfractuosi serpentis perniciabile virus non exhorreat, quem incessanter conspicit ad nihil aliud inliiare nisi ut in proeliis controversiarum et dissensionum divi- siones exsuscitet, et altercationum conflictus concitet, et pervasionum atrocitates exerceat? Quibus summa Majestas blasphematur, superna civitas provocatur, et salvifica caritas sauciatur, sedes Apostolica inquietatur, ecclesiarum fundamenta quatiuntur et pontificum pr?esidia oppugnantur, pastorum officia privpediuntur, clericorum honestas vilificatur et animorum salus contemnitur, coeleste sanctuarium profanatur, devotionis tranquillitas diverberatur et religionis gloria conculcatur, domus ora- tionis infestatur, spelunca latroniun concelebi-atur et ovilia Dei pervaduntur, oves Cliristi devorantm-, g^eges Dominici disperguntur et subsidia pauperum absumuntm-, ' Sic. 1 ' Sic. awpk.vn f 214 AD^ DE MARISCO 13rincij)um gubernaciila perturbantur, populorum salus subvertitur et imanimitas cordium laceratur, ainicitiariim foedera dirumpuntur et odiorum rabies inflammatiir, et hominum societas dissipatur, virtutum disciplina de- struitur, vitiorum insolentia defensatur, jurhim mode- ramina pervertuntur, judiciorum rectitude depravatur, documentorum Veritas obtenebratur et innocentium man- suetudo vexatur, cnidelitatum violentise debacchantiir, fraudium deceptiones procurantiir et injuiiaruin violen- titB exercentur, li?eresum scissiones prfBsumuntur, scliis- inatum rebelliones extolluntiir et seditiouum discidia coDcitantur, perditionum molimiiia suscitantiir, liostili- tatum depopulationes efFerantm-, Et quid plui-a ? Ut sit ad unuiii dicere, horreudissimfe vastitates tormentoruni inferualivim rebus omnibus inferuntur. Numquid nou pessimis diebus instantiuni temporuni sua sufiiceret malitia, nisi, proli dolor ! maledictis con- tentionum deliramentis, mentes in mausuetum claustra- lis conversationis tyrocinium conjuratse ruentis mentis mala cumularent ? Annon qui nunc dictus est draco, videlicet sensus ipsius srocularis astutife, serpens ille est, qui per antiquam callidte prsesumptionis perniciem, paradisum Dei, hoc est, divinam religiosa? professionis plantationem, apud quam exuberat fontana perennium deliciarum affluentia, et irrepere non formidat, et homi- nibus factis ad imaginem Dei per imitatoriam valida- rum virtutum operationem, refectisque ad similitudinem Ipsius per Deiformem ^ limpidarum veritatum con- templationem, ac perfectis in animam viventem, hoc est, aaimum felici fruitione jucunditatem, sub fuco jus- tse sedulitatis, execranda venena mortifertc suasionis infundit, et jiugnaces reprobandae litigationis rixas, celebritate non tam deflenda quam deridenda, proter- viter ingerit sul) obtentu salutis, luxuum intjuinationes sub pr^etextu pietatis, qupestuum inquietudines sub ' Bie. EPISTOL/E. 215 specie sanctitatis, pastuuni inflationes pcrvicaciter per- urgeiido. Porro contra tarn noxias tantorum malorum varie- tates, electorura animis hoc unicum occurrit remediale solatium, quod benedictus Salvator, qui dies efFrsenata) tribulatioius abbreviat propter electos, se promittit visi- taturum in gladio suo, duro, grandi et forti, super serpentem tortuosum: visitaturum, inquani, per niani- festum ultionis districta; judicium, in gladio, videlicet Dei Verbo ; duro, propter inflexiljilem districtionis sententiam ; grandi, j)i"opter immensam sapientise ma- jestatem ; forti, propter insuperabilem virtutis omni- potentiam ; super serpentem, hoc est, super venenatum sajcularis versutipe sensum ; tortuosum, propter multi- formes callidre varietatis amfractus, qui gradiendi super pectus maledictione mulctatus pulverem accepit in es- cam ; hoc est, illecebrarum specierum innumerabilem exiguitatem in se trajiciendam per inexplebilem fomitis concu] )iscentialis aviditatem. Numquid suspicandum quod in sugillationem civilia jura profitentium ita protulerim ? Absit: sed anxiatus animus irrefrao-abilia divini sermonis testimonia contra cunctos putavit assumenda, qui aut traditiones legales, aut canonicas sanctiones, aut eloquia sacrosancta, aut quarumcunque litterarum peritiam, ad prajfatas versutise sa3cularis abusiones distoripiere non verentur, Quse nisi salutares reformandse pacis conceptus ])lacidis ani- mabus divinitus inspiratos eosdem perversura, per ini- piam pertinacis impudentia3 procacitatem perperam ir- rupisset, nullatenus credi potest, quod ea quse tarn vigenter, (|U;e tarn sapienter, quffi tarn diligentei", quiB tarn laudabiliter, qua3 tam solemniter, ({uve tam salu- briter prosecuti estis, tam insperata subitatione negli- gerentur. Attendamus, obsecro, nu domine, per hue ' accedentes Scriptura) sententias, quantum alienaverit doctor orbis ' Sic. 216 AD.E DE MARISCO lethalia litigiorum exercitia, prfesertim a Sanctis claus- tralis observantire vacationibus, qui cunctis professionis ecclesiasticaB juris loquens, ait : " Non in contentione " et femulatione, sed incluimini Jesum Christum." Et iterum : " Cum sit inter vos zelus et contentio, non- " ne carnales estis, et secundum liominem ambulatis?" Et alibi : " Jam quidem omnino delictum est in vobis, " quod judicium liabetis inter vos. Quare non magis " injuriam accipitis 1 Quare non magis fraudem pa- " timini ? " Et adliuc : " Quod si invicem mordetis " et comeditis, videte ue ab invicem consumamini." Et, quo nihil est manifestius, " servum Dei te non opor- " tet litigare, sed mansuetum esse ad omnes, docibilem, " patientem." O si vigilantius advertamus fortissimam sponsi peren- nis semulationem, corruptiva contentionalium causarum piacula tam imperialiter reprimentera ab animabus per fidelem claustralis vitse sponsionem, sibi [per] indivi- duum vita3 consortium copulatis/ cum dicit: " Capite " vobis vulpes parvulas quse demoliuntur vineas." Quid enim sunt vulpes parvul^e nisi callidse litigatorisa sul)tilitatis argutite, quae vineas demoliuntur ; lioc est, instar vinearum animas exterius asperioris poenitentia3 horrore squalentes, et ex rore gratise coelestis vegetatse interius, per vim vitalem amoris fervidi, vinum, quod est spiritualis hBtitia, tam aflectualis dulcedinis quam splendoris intellectualis, affluenter })erferentes, corro- dendo devastant ; quas videlicet vulpes parvuhis per coelestes animos, qui sunt vigiles paranymphi inter sponsum Dei Filium et sponsam religiosam animara, sponsalium felicium connubiorum foedera, iuterminatis devotissimpe sedulitatis officiis prosequentes, ipsa Dei districtio mandat exterminandas ? Quidni modis om- nibus arceantur istarum vulpium versutpe raalignitates, quae non solum vineas contemplativse jucunditatis, verum etiam Irugcs justa; voluntatis, et oliveta pipe ' Sio. EPISTOL.E. 217 miserationis, nexibus caudarum, hoc est pertiiiaciiiin conspirationum, et facibiis ardorum ignium, id est ardoriim concupiscentialimn, apud notam Sainpsonis historiain leguntur consumpsisse ? Quid igitur aliud restare poterit, mi desideratissime pater, quam ut serenissima sanctitatis prudentia fundi- tus exterminet ssecularis sapientia3 caligines, quam tarn tenibiliter execratur sermo divinus, ubi ait : " QlukI " si zelum animarum habetis, et contentiones sunt in " cordibus vestris, nolite gloriari et mendaces esse ad- " versus veritatem. Non est eniin sapientia ista de- " sursum descendens, sed terrena, animalis, et diabolica?" " Ubi enim zelus et eontentio, ibi inconstantia et omne " opus pravum ;" et potenter conscendatis in earn, quce superius irradiat, sapientiam, subsequenter ibidem tarn desiderabiliter divinitus descriptam, quod sit, '• primum " quideni pudica, deinde pacifica, modesta, suadibilis, " bonis consentiens, plena misericordia et fructibus " bonis ;" ab ilia nimirum in istani per sanctam co?- lestis voti professionem vos Ille vocavit, qui vos eripuit de potestate tenebrarum et transtulit in regnum Filii dilectionis sn?e. Nempe secundum Sanctum Gregorium, illius est cor machination ibus tegere, sensnm verbis velare, honorum culmina quserere, adepta temporalis gloriPB vanitate gaudere, irrogata ab aliis mala mul- tiplicius reddere cum vires suppetunt, resistentibus cedere cum virtutis possibilitas deest, quicquid explere per malitiam non valet, hoc in pacifica bonitate simu- lare. Istius vero est nihil per ostensionem fingere, sensum verbis aperire, vera ut sunt diligere, falsa devitare, bona gratis exhibere, mala libentius tolerare quam facere, nullam injuria^ ultionem qu{©rere, pro veritate contumeliam pati lucrum putare. Propter quod de personis religiosis, qui per sacram regularis vitre professionem peculiaris Dei populus esse cognoscuntur, et tamen illam isti prai^ponendam judicant, tam ter- ribiliter auditur divina conquestio, qua dicitur : "Duo " peccata fecit populus mens : dereliquerunt me f m- 218 ADyE de marisco " tem aqupe viva?, et foderimt sibi cisternas dissipa- " tas, quae continere non valent aquas." Et quid dicam ? Adaperiat, oro, Kex pacificus cor vestrum in lege sua et iu prteceptis suis, et faciat pa- cem : exaudiat omnino orationes vestras et reconcilietur vobis, ad ejiciendum de templo Dei negotiosas tumul- tuantium rixarum compugnantias, ^ taiito solliciori potestatis authenticiTe censura, quanto secundum fa- mosissimum metropolitani culminis fastigium, ca^teris orbis Christiani ecclesiis, salutaria pacificse vacationis exempla transniittere tenetur obligatius ; quo fiat ul de regno Dei profugatis perditarum contentionuni insa- niis, ad spectabilem tanti senatus imitationem, omnes ecclesiasticse professionis gradus, secundmn Apostolum, sciant quomodo opoi'teat eos in domo Dei conversari, qute est ecclesia Dei vivi, conferentes se vobiscum ad pacifi- cum magnfe pietatis sacramentum, "quod manifestuni " est in carne, justificatum est in spiritu, apparuit " angelis, prsedicatum est gentibus, creditum est in " mundo, assmnptuni est in gloriam." Quod ipse- nescio si quomodo laudabilius agi valeat, quam in tarn vulgata tanti discriminis causa, ea qupe de supradicta pacis re- formatione ad tam desideral^ilem exitum tarn magniiica perduxistis diligentia, etiam ad perennem inviolati ro- boris firmitudinem producere studeat sancta vestrte cir- cumspectionis industria. O si pensare dignetur clara subtilitatis considerata) sollertia, quam frequenter apud modicitatem meam et Justus dolor cor saucium lacerat, et confusam faciem ruT>or anxius suffundit, cum nee immerito et pontificalis feverentia, per inspectam mese simplicitatis ignaviam se conqueritur esse delusam, et exprobrantium insolentia non indigne subsannat fraudatam insij^ientise meae fiduciam ! Utinam in liac parte sit vobis et securag conscientia? juge convivium, et opinionis integra? no- men immaculatum ! Quamobrem novissime vestree 'Sic. ■ p'MS. EPISTOL^- 219 doiiiiiiationis incliiiatus rogo clcinentiam, Immillimo sup- plicans desiderio, quatenus propter benedictam Divini Noininis gloriam, et beatam ecclesiasticne devotionis tranqiiillitatem, serenitatis vestr^B non pigeat benignam pietatem, milii per latorem prresentium, locum, diem, et modiim litteratorie signare, (piibiis aut desiderabilem personam vestrai prfiesentiam, aiit per instructam fidelis sufficientife procurationem, quae s«pius dicta est, con- cepta divina3 pacis forma jugiter duratura sortiatur perseverantiam, per ipsius pacificas pietatis pati'ociniuin, cujus ille pnTefei-t imaginem, qui cum universum orbem sure ditioni subjugasset, voluit nequaquam potentijB abuti magnitudine, sed dementia et lenitate gubernai-e siibjectos, ut al^sque ullo terrore vitam silentio transi- gentes, optata cunctis mortalibus pace fruerentur. Scituri quod spepe memoratus dominus Lincohiiio pleni consensus benigna promptitudine, secundum quod eidem fuerit insinuatum, prresens negotium, Domino propitio, bona fide persequetur. Quod si quid vestrre discretionis cogitaverit circumspectio parvitati mere non celandum, quominus in bac parte sit procedendum ul- terius, ilhid mibi rescribere rogo non ducatis indignum, ne suspensum desideriuni anceps amplius affligat expec- tatio. Non desunt, sicut indubitanter comperi, qui de Ciotero pro instaurandis litium pugnis acriori insurgunt vehementia ; si, quod absit, optanda prrelocutre pacis consummatio non proveniat. Valeat paternitatis vestra provida I'eligio in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Valeat quoque vestri conventus sacra societas in sempiternum, cui una nobis- cum in iis qure prudenter discernit, gerit fortiter, cobi- bet temperanter, justeque distribuit, prrestet divina sapientia ad ilium dirigere fineni, ubi erit Deus omnia in omnibus, reternitate certa et pace perfecta. Ignoscat, obsecro, mibi clemens dominatio, quod devoti am oris timor sollicitus prolixiorem epistolre tractum non suc- cinxit. 220 ADJE DE MAHISCO XCIII. Venerahili patri in Domino W., Priori dc Neuhmn,^ Frater Ada scdutem et spiritum scientiw cuon spiritu pietaiis. In behalf of Quoniam sicut )Scnpturarum infitruimur documentis, Canon of ®^ exemplis sanctorum informamiir, suminopere satagen- Northamp- dum esse cognoscitur, ut malignorum commenta contra had been insontes refellantur, per prpesentem litteram ciiravi falsely ac- vestrfB paternitatis insinuare discretion!, quod cum qui- dam reprobi, extorqviendfe pecuniae concitati cupidine, May 12th. jj^ ^|jg beatorum Nerei et Acliillei, apud Northamptonam, dominum Walterum canonicum vestrum, latorem pra?- sentium, criminis opprobrio maculare conati fuerint, digna virorum credibilium assertione comperi, prsefatos impios malitiose contra memoratum composuisse illas- qupe opinioni ejusdem injurias impegisse dicuntur. Valeat vestras religionis incolumitas in Cbristo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. XCIV. Reverendo in Christo patri et domino liordarlo Sanctl Sivithunl Wyntoniai Frater Ada salutem et felices ad salutaria vota successus. Ill behalf Licet dilata '^ desiderabilis prsesentiee vestra) contui- of some i[q quam bactenus impoi-tunitas negavit occasionum, person -^ ^ i i • ^ iinnanicd. Hiolestet cxpectantem, tamen confidentem liEtmcat, quam dimensio non excludit distantiarum, prtesens benigni spiritus vestri consolatio. Sit exaltata benedictio superna3 dispensationi, et mansuetse liberalitati copiosa retributio. Nempe non meritam mea3 paupertatis tenuitatem ino- lita vestra? pietatis affluentia, quam vana s?eculi neces- ' See p. 138. | "Sic. EPISTOL/E. 221 situtlo lion coiicitat, sed coiiimendiit vera coeli consideratio, redivivis liberaliuin beneficioruin officiis prosequi iion desistit. Igitur illi, de qua mihi, quainvis sine causa, spirituals nihiloininus concepta est fiducia, vestrte sere- nitatis supplico benevolentiie, rogans Immiliter, qua illud caritatis negotiuni, quod ])er dilectuni niilii . . » .^ sicut ipso referente didici, tarn dementi vestri gratia nuper suscepistis affectum, quatenus misericordia non deseritur et adhreretur veritati, gratioso seduli favoris patrociiiio libenter proinovere non ducatis indignum. Valeat vesti'te sanctitatis incolumitas in Cliristo sem- per et beatissiina Virgine. Praestet vobis benedictus Dei Filius, qui fidelibus universis, et pra^cipue religi- onein profitentibus, semetipsum et vivendi formam prse- bet et felicitatem fruendi, ut lionestatis vestrse placida devotio, per ordinem vitas, quem non maculat illecebra, fallacia non seducit, non pervertit nequitia, violentia non opprimit, indeficienter studeatis comprehendere, cum omnibus Sanctis, gloriam fruitionis, quam latitude caritatis amplificat, confirmat longitudo aeternitatis, sublimitas potestatis exaltat, illuminat profundum veritatis ; quibus primum prtelibandis in tempore tran- quilla regularis institutionis professio jugiter aspirare tenetur, secundum immutabiles Divinorum eloquiorvmi sententias, ut eisdam satietui" in seternitate. Iterum et in seternum valete, etc. XCV. Ilonorahili vivo, magistvo E.,^ Domini Cantuarice 0§iciali, Frater Ada pacem temporis et gloriam ceternitatis. Ad probatam sincerte mentis ingenuitatem tanto in hehalf fiducialius accedo in causis pietate subnixis interpella- ^^ 'l*^^\ turns, quanto circumspectionis vestrae sereniorem vigi- lantiam experientioe multiplicis fide certiori ad negotia ' Blank in the original. j * Eustace de Len. 222 ADM DE MARISCO salutis compertiim est jugi bene volenti a propensius in- clinari. Proinde pro magistro Johanne Atchirche,' viro cujus merita gratiosa tituli clariores illustrare dignos- ciintur, vesti'pe supplico benignitati, rogans attentius qua- tenus eidem salvandis animabus magnifica desudanti stre- nuitate^ contra litigantium acrimoniani, quateniis et cogit justa necessitas et utilitas pia requirit, desideratam benigui favoris gi-atiam velitis impartiri, ob beatani be- nedict! Salvatoris contemplationem. Valeat vobis, oro^ et vigor invictus, et sensns inde- ceptus, et zelns irremissus in Christo, etc. XCVI. HonoroMli viro, dommo J. de CraJihale, Frater Ada saluteni, et 'post 'paccm temporis gloriam ader- nitatis. Begs him jj^ ^[^ ^.^r^ rj^^j animff salutem et lionorem persons to visit the ^ ... . Papal Nun- spectare cognoscuntur circa canssimam vestrae sereni- cio and tatis amicitiam, quantum mei cordis ardeat afFectio oDtain ah- _ ... sohition. qualiscinique, nee imnierito, utinani quemque probet per executionis eftectuni propitia Divinitas ! Sane stiniulat amor sollicitus, ut quod per obsecrationem ^ viva voce nequaquam feci hactenus, per prtesentem litteram vobis devote suadeam ; videlicet, si vestra tremat conscientia super aliquibus, in quibus pro absolutionis beneficio et favore dispensationis sedis Apostolica? specialis gratia reqviiritur, ad benigmun patrem, fratrem Johannem, nuntium domini Papa^, cui in talibus commissa est indulgentifo spiritualis administratio, accedere velitis, quicquid consulte poposceiitis impetraturi, antequam dictus frater Johannes ad Curiam revocetur. Dudum pi'oposueram super his vobiscum habere sermonem, ' An old Lincolnshire family. | ^ ohreptom. MS, ■ EPISTOLiE. 223 quamvis iitrum opus sit penitus ignorem ; desiderans taiiien omnino, lit vol»is sit seciira mens juge convivium. Valeat dilectionis vestmg benignitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Pro multiplicibiis vestrre libe- ralitatis beneficiis ad peremies assiirgo gratiarum ac- tiones. Iteriim et in reternum valete. XCVII. ITonoriihili vivo, maglstro G. de Canz, Frater Adenedictus Deus in nos, mi desideratissime, liominis utriusque vetustatem in novitatem giorise filiorum Dei, per Christum semper et beatissimam Virginem. 'Sic. 232 AD.E DE MARISCO cm. Prcvdilecto slhi in Christo macjistro S. Gien Frater Ada scdutem, et "post imce'ni tempovis gloriam ceternitatis. ^ Informs Benio^nam vestrae sedulitatis amicitiam sicut dignum him that he ^ -i • , n i n-i-'i. has written est amplector, per quam mini et ndem anectionis et to his pupil iionoris p-ratiam exhibere non deserit vestrre suavitatis Bartholo- . *= , mew for studiosa soUicitudo. I^citur cum, sicut ex tenore littera- adebt^"* ^ ^'"™ vestrarum accepi, status mei certitudinem vobis insinuari volueritis, vestrse significo dilectioni quod de ordinatione superiorum meoruin onus eruditionis impendendfe, portaturus illud per prresentem annum, secundum quod fuerit propitia divinitas, Oxonise subivi ut valui, aliquot diebus ante festuni Omnium Sancto- Nov. 1st. rum proximo prajteritum. Cseterum domino Bartholo- meo quondam discipulo vestro scripsi litteram, secun- dum quod visum mihi fuit efficacem, pro solutione debiti acceleranda, quo vobis tenetur. Super cujus dilatione satis doleo, non sine verecundia. Denique quid agere poterit timorata vestraj cai'itatis vigilantia, quam et probata conversatio, et eruditior industria, et semulatio fervens, insignire cognoscuntur, nisi jiixta salu- tares coelestis evangelii sanctiones, curam pastionis impen- dere animabus, pro quibus sub formidandi examinis districtione spopondistis, in salutis operationem, ut ad duplicem honorem eis, qui bene preesunt, divinitus im- pendendum, cum triumphali corona pertingatis ; post muluim reprebensibilem diuturnioris mor?e dispendium, ad sacrum sacerdotii gradum, secundum cogentiam vestrse professionis, non tam liumiliter quam fiducia- liter accedentes sub dementi Salvatoris patrocinio. In seternum valete. ' Sec Epist. CXXi. EPISTOL^. 233 CIV. Honorahili viro, magistro J. de Offi.nton,^ Frater Ada, Littera quam modicitati meae fidelis amicitise -A- letter of vestrse circiimspectio nuper destinare curavit, licet tjon^ cor saucium zelo compassionis anxiaverit, tamen pavidse menti spei remedium ingessit ; proferebat etenim amarani agnitionem admissorum excessuum et corrig-endoruin actuum conceptuin salutarem. Quid ergo ? Qualifcer illi quod tam fonnidabile discrimen aspicimus, tuin propter salutis ruinam, tum propter npevum opinionis, poterit fore provisam ? Nullatenus profecto, nisi dumtaxat in hoc, ut post infusam necessariai compunctionis gratiam, per spiritual consilii salubriter subeamus in spirituni fortitudinis, adminis- trandam poenitentialis exercitii perseverantiam piacu- loruui immanitatem condigna districtionis censui-a vindicantes indefesse ; tanto siquidem solliciori rectie rationis cogentia, nobis id agendum esse cognoseitur, quanto tituli clariores, tam ex dignitate gradus, quam ex scientite prascellentia, quam etiam fampe solemnio, detestandum nostrse prsevaricationis focinus, et Dei offensam, et reatum conscientise, et proximorum scan- daluin perniciosius aggravarunt. Sed quid ? Attendamus, mi amantissime, quod cum pnevaricatrieem animam provocans ad poenitentiam pnemisisset divinius propheta : " Quam vilis facta " es, nimis iterans vias tuas, et ab JEgypto confun- " deris ;" aliisque tam terribiliter annexis tam clemen- ter alias subjungit, dicens : " Vulgo dicitur, si dimi- ' John de Offinton was canon of Salisbury and chaplain to Pope In- nocent IV. He died in 1251 ; see Mat. Paris in that year, who gives him the character of being " the most famous clerk in England." A letter in conmion addressed to him by Bishop Grostete and Ad. de Marisco will be found in Browne's Fasc. ii. p. 391. 234 ADJE DE MAllISCO " serit vir uxoreni suam, et recedens ab ea duxerit " virum alterum, nuinquid reverteretur ad earn ultra ? " Numquid non polluta, contaminata erit mulier ilia? " Til autem fornicata es cum amatoribus miiltis ; tamen " revertere ad me, dicit Dominus, et ego suscipiam te. " Polluisti terram in fornicationibus tuis et in malitiis '•' tuis ; frons virilis meretricis facta est tibi ; noliiisti " erubescere. Ergo saltern amodo voca me : ' Pater " meus, dux virginitatis mea3 tu es.' " Igitur quamvis inpestimabiliter, super cteteros, SEeculis omnibus lior- rendtie sint atrocitates scelermn, cum auctores perdi- tionis inveniimtiir, qui salvandis animabus ecclesiastici regiminis celsitudinem sunt assecuti, contra quos inter cpetera divin^e comminationis fulmina tanto fulgore ssevit prophetalis sententia, qua dicitur : "0 sacer- " dotes ! si nolueritis aiidire, et si nolueritis ponere '•' super cor ut detis gioriam noinini meo, dicit Domi- " nus exercituum, mittani in vos egestatem, et male- " dicani benedictionibus vestris, et maledicam illis, quo- " niam non posuistis super cor. Ecce ego projiciam " vobis brachium, et dispergam super vultum vestrum " stercus solemnitatum vestrarum." Quorum eteniin, proli nefas, incogitabilem pervicaciam incomparabiliter plus quam casteras mortalium impietates, utpote profes- sione tenentium, destruentium legem Domini, tam ter- rifice condemnat illud Apostoli : " Irritam quis faciens " legem Moysi sine ulla miseratione diiobus aut tribus " testibus moritur ; quanto magis putatis deteriora mereri " supplicia qui Filium Dei conculcaverit, et sanguinem *' testamenti pollutum duxerit, in quo sanctificatus, " est, et Spiritui gratis contumeliam fecerit. " Sed quorsum hsec? Ut quid ad hurailiatam aniinain terroribus insisterem ? Occurrunt inter scribenda spec- tabilia toti regno Dei cacumina, David, Petrus, Paulua. Si David adulterium, si Petri negationem, si Pauli blaspliemiam, et in iis omnibus inefFabilem superiiiu dispensation is misericordiani, non tam tremulis quam fiducialibus oculis contemplemur, numquid ultra locus EPISTOL^. 235 erit vel priTesuinptionis vel difficlentii^ ? Quibiis profecto ruentibus ' neinini siiperest securitatis electio. Quibus item surgentibus neminein preiuit pusillaniniitatis de- speratio. Proinde quid aliud restat, magister mi desi- deratissiine, quam \\i et violatus Dei honor refornietur, et lapsus nostra3 conscientise relevetur, et scandalum ecclesiiTe reparetur ? Illud quoque deinceps iu nobis efficiatur, quod ait proplieta, person aruni ecclesiasti- carum primicerius, beatus Petrus Apostolus : " Carissimi, " obsecro vos tamquam advenas et peregi"iuos absti- " nere vos a carnalibus desideriis, qua3 militant adver- " sus animam, conversationem vestram inter gentes " liabentes bonam, ut in eo quod detrectant de vobis, " tamqaam de malefactoribus, ex bonis operibus vos " considerantes giorificent Dominum in die visita- " tionis." Hic perpetrati reatus ignominiam perpitia divinitate superexcellat restituti status gloria, necnon ministerium pascendarum ovium, et virtus invicta, et industria circumspecta, et a^mulatio sancta, perficiat ut in die reddendse rationis, cum iis qui bene pmesunt, propter exempla salutaria et propter perfecta guber- nacula, duplici honore digni habeamini. Protractiorem epistolam excludit temporis angustia. Sed scio quia sufficit occasionem prtestitisse sapienti. Ignoscat, obsecro, mansuetudinis vestrse. suavitas si de- votissimi vestri qualiscunque caritas visa fuerit styli durioris exercuisse veliementiam. Si quid poterit aut pauperis abjecti devotio, aut afFeetus indigni j)ectoris, vobis, Domino largiente, jugiter serviet ad salutem pariter et lionorem, in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. De fratre Gregorio Bosell; viro provide et iDenigno, mirandum est si sic egerit, sicut vestrie insinuatum est dilectioni. Quod autem mihi sigiiastis erga eundeni, sicut divinitus dabitur, implere curabo. *o quihus jpfto viciiUbus, MS; 236 AD^E DE MARISCO cv. Desideratissimo sihi in Christo magistro J. de Offunton Frater Ada salutem, et 2>ost pacem temporis glo- riam ceternitatis. Begshimto Si me iiiea non fallit jestimatio, mi amatissime ^ ma- answeTof ^ gister, hoc agebat ut valuit, etsi non ut voluit, permodi- theUniver- citatis meffi littera serenitati vestrse transmissa, devotse matter of dilectionis pavida sollicitiido, ut quod confoveret oleum Koger de exultationis fiduci?e de venia, de culpa comnunn;entis Langeford . ■ l \ i ■ , a until Whit- pceuitenticB vmum expiaret, et quod rigaret lacryma, suntide. l^etitia vegetaret. Siquidem non solummodo quorun- dam, sed ulterius * omnium incolatum miserise prsesentis agentium coiiscientias alloquitur, qui ait : " In die bo- " norum ne immemor sis malorum, et in die malorum " ne immemor sis bonorum." Nempe sic semper est vivendum, pra3sertim ducibus castrorum coelestium, ut et amaram liumanas malignitatis acrimoniam dulciilua divinse bonitatis consideratio temperet ne desperatio prrecipitet, et nihilominus dulcifluam divinse bonitatis considerationem amara malignitatis liuman?e recordatio constringat, ne prresumptio superbiat. Sed quid ? Num- quid non amplius elevat misericordise relaxatio quam districtio judicii deprimat ? Annon misericordia super exaltat^ judicium? Certe scriptum est: " Misereris " omnium, quoniam omnia potes, et dissimulas pec- " cata hominum propter poenitentiam ; diligis enim " omnia qua3 sunt ; et nihil odisti eorum qua? fecisti." Et post pusillum : " parcis autem omnibus, quoniam " tua sunt, Domine, qui amas animas." Quibus eviden- ter accedit illud Isaia3 : " Vias ejus vidi, et dimisi " eum, et reduxi eum, et reddidi consolationes ipsi et 'Sic. I n Sic. - ulr., MS. EPISTOL^E. 237 " lugeutibus ejus." Et iterum : " Numquid oblivisci po- " terit nmlier infantein suum, ut non misereatur filio " uteri sui ? Etsi ilia oblita fucrit, Ego tamen non " obliviscar tui." H^ec igitur summe steculis amplex- anda supernfB paternitatis piissima dispensatio, per quam secundum evangelical sanctionis testimonium, filialis reconciliatio non tam dignitati pristina3 resti- tuitur quam honore sublimiori cumulatur ; ut semper in nobis divinitus illud efFulgeat quod divinus ait Apostolus : " Ubi abundavit delictum superabundabit " et gratia." Quamobrem exclusit penitus hsesitationis ambiguitatem, quod his, de quo dictum est, " Non " delectaris in perditionibus nostris, qui post tempes- " tatem tranquillum fticis, et post lacrimationem et " fletum exultationem infundis/' postquam serenavit conscientiam, illustrabit et famam, sanabit detrimen- tum et sanctificabit exemplum. ^ Si tamen cum affectu suscipiamus illam ad rectores animarum directam Apos- toli sententiam, qua dicitur : " Tu vero vigila ; in " omnibus labora ; opus fac evangelistse ; ministerium " tuura imple ; sobrius esto." Quia vobiscum desiderabile viv£e vocis colloquium in prsesentiarum habere nequeo, libet, licet succinctius quam volui, hsec de divinis eloquiis ad vestrge sereni- tatis obsequium brevi littera perstrinxisse. Casterum de negotio salutari, cujus in littera vestri gratia memi- nistis, per Rogerum de Langeford, servientem vestrum, mihi nuper insinuate, quia secundum modicitatis mese desiderium ad vestri salutem et honorem, et scholas- ticpe utilitatis promotionem, nondum congruentes acces- serunt circumstantite ; rogo, quod et magistri universi- tatis simul exoptant, ut si rationabiliter fieri potest placeat circumspectioni vestrse usque ad instans festum Pentecostse universitatis expectare responsum, absque ' The reading of this sentence is obscure. 238 XDM DE MARTSCO ulterioris morre dispendio, divinitate propltia, post con- silii decoctioris deliberationem/ tunc ad ultimum benig- nitati vestras .signandum. Valeat dio-nse dilectionis vestrse suavitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Non tantum apud eomi- tem Ricardimi, verum etiam apud quoscunqne mor- talium, omnibus qute nobis cedere cognoscuntur, ad salutem pariter et honorem procreandis in Christo quibus valeo, promptam gero voluntatem. CVI. Jlonorahlll viro, magistvo J. de Offinton, Frater Ada salutem, et si quid devotio ixtuperis et oratio pectoris. On the Super negotio quod mi hi per Rogerum de Langeford, same sub- «gervientem vestrum, vestri oratia mandastis insinuan- dum, cum cancellario et reliquis magistris imiversitatis, sicut competere putavi, habito deliberationis colloquio, tale ab ipsis responsum accepi ; quod ' ne forte vestras benignitatis aures ofFenderent, ^ nee iramerito, si, quod absit, secus quam deceret minus examinatam vestrse discretionis benevolentise ingererent propter requisitio- nem, adhuc incognitum sibi- super re memorata vestrae voluntatis beneplacitum, nequaquam censuerunt sub forma certi tenoris serenitatis vestrse circumspectioni fore per ipsos interpellandam, donee in hac parte quod iudustriie vestrte sederi ^ arbitrio, aut littera cognove- rint aut didicerint eloquio ; diligenter agentes apud meam modicitatem ut per petitionem vobis litteratorie directam vestme requirerem considerationis sententiam. Proinde benignte dilectionis vestrse prudentiam, una cum prsefatis magistris, rogo suppliciter, quatenus si rationis exigentiam nuUatenus conspexeritis, placeat sedulitati ' Sic. I s seile7is, MS. - Sic. EPISTOLiE. 239 vestiw, cum accesseilt opportunitas, sine morrB clispendio de pra^fatis nientis vestrre plenius, modo qvio volueritis, mihi vel aliis rpios res contingit sigiiare conceptus, nt inclioati tractatus series iu causa salutari debitum, Domino propitio, sortiantur eftectum. Valeat clara benignitatis vestra^ prudentia in Christo semper et iDeatissima Virgine. CVII. Honorahili vivo, domino Jer. de Chauste'^ Frater Ada salutem, et ohsequialem affectus devoti dilectionem. Etsi nequaquam meritorum meorum tenuitas inter- 1° behalf pellandi pr?estet fiduciam, tamen propter inolitam libe- de llor- ralis amicitifB benignitatem, quam erga modicitatem °ig piam Salvatoris contem- platioiiem, salutare benigni juvaminis patrocinium de consueta favoris gratia velitis impai'tiri. Valeat vobis mentis et corporis incolumitas in Cliiisto, etc. CVIII. Honorahili viro, domino Roherto de Esthale,- Frater Ada vitm gratiam et gloriam patriw. Suppliciter rogo inolitam benignitatis vestrse suavi- For a mm tatem, ut piam petitionem pro alma virgine de Karru, carew. ' See Epist. CXXII. It is not 1 is Chauste or Chauster. easy to determine from the nature of I - Called Ilesthale in p. 118. the contraction whether the name I 240 AD/E DE MARISCO coeleste desiderium religioste institutioiiis gerenteni, per spirituales necessaries vobis faciendam secundum Devim promovere "curetis, ob fcmulandam virginei pudoris sanctimoniam. Valete. In behalf ot a priest named Adam. CIX. Viro dlscreto, magistro Roger de Fiildune, Frater Ada sinceruTYi dehitw dllectionis affectum. Benignam circurnspectionis vestrse sedulitatem atten- tius rogo quatenus carissimo mihi in Christo doniino Adam presbytero, prsesentium portitori, in petitione sua apud dominum Lincolnise expedienda, quatenus eiit comes misericordia et Veritas prsevia, consultum benevoli favoris auxilium velitis impartiri. Valeat, etc. ex. Domino W. de Bradele'^ Frater Ada swpplicerri ohse- quialis arnicitioi proin2)titudtnem. In belialf Sa^pe compellor obsecrare donari mete improbitati of Walter, importunas precum frequentias, quod et nunc facio, in the town rogans attentius quatenus Waltero, auiifabro munici- ot Oxford. -pioXi Oxonise, milii multimoda carte necessitudinis obli- gatione devincto, in urgente suae necessitatis articulo, desideratam efficacis adjutorii et consilii salutaris sub- ventionem, quatenus et adhasretur justiti?e et miseri- cordise deservitur, exhibere non ducatis indionum. Etiam suavissima^ sedulitati domini Roberti de Cliaury vice mei ejusdem W. negotium, quod vobis, si placet, viva voce insinuabit uberiori gratia recommendantes, ' See Epist. CLII. EPISTOLiE. 241 ut vesti'I fretus discretione benevola gaudeat se propi- tia divinitate super suo molestamine reportasse solatium ; et si necesse sit et rogare lieeat interpellata domina? reffinse dementia. Valeat, etc. CXI. Domino J. cle Crahhale Frater Ada salutem. Doleo, mi desideratissime, quod cum amaLili vestia) On the benignitatis industria conferendi facultatem augustia the nU-'^ temporis ademit. Sed quid ? Finem coUoquendi qui foret nistry. audiamus. " Opus fac EvangelistiB, ministerium tuum " imple ; sobrius esto." Et quid est facere opus Evan- gelistae, nisi ut annuntiator salutis quod Veritas ' docet hoc confirmet pietatis exemplo ? Et quid est Evan- gelistse ministerium implere, nisi per vivificam sacramen- torum dispensationem perennem animarum vitam re- formare ? Et quid sobrium esse, nisi et caducum hono- rem, et mobilem affluentiam, et contagiosam voluptatem mundanorum conculcare jugiter, et per sanctimonipe desiderium in simplicem puritatem, in limpidam clari- tatem, in perfectam jucunditatem coelestium conscendere sublimiter ? Numquid aliter sanctissimum evangelicse sanctionis officium, qui regiminis ecclesiastici superiorem locum est assecutus, aliquatenus administrare valebit ? Nequaquam. Luce clarius hoc constat universis prseter- quam ccelestis sanctuarii pervasoribus, quos, proh dolor ! his diebus pessimis, potissime secundum terribi- lem Apostoli sententiam, Deus hujus sseculi excteca- vit ; illam prorsus quam coram tremendo tribunal! tam solempni professione jurarunt ecclesiarum pastores curam pastionis sic dumtaxat exequi poterunt, si cum eis quse prsemissae sunt, memoratam sobrietatis formam summa servare studuerint diligentia. Certe solus hie est modus per quem auctoritatis divinse dis- veritatis, MS. ■242 AD^ DE MAPJSCO tiicta jussio loquens ad legis latorem, pastoribvis evan- gelicis tam coixstanter injimgit, dicens Exod. xxv.) : " Inspice et fixc secundum exemplar quod tibi in monte " monstratum est." Quis etenim ad agendum inferiora supeiiorum exemplum inspiciet, nisi qui abominationi- bus mundi conculcatis conscendit in charismata coeli ? Supprimo sermonem, veritus amicissimis auribus ingerei'e fastidium ; elegi tamen secundum Sci-ipturam occasionem qualemcunque sapienti prsestare ut sit sapientior. Valeat vestr?e serenitatis incolumitas in Christo, etc. TheBishop Capitulo Fratrum Minorum nuper Glovernise cele- ot ^inco.n Ijj.j^^^q jj^ necessariis unius diei nomine Domini Lincol- has allowed ' _ 245. for the nife provisum est, sicut vestri gratia mihi dixistis. the^FHai-r "^'^^ autem summa sumptuum xxiii. solidi. Memini me iu tiieir late nuper supplicasse vestraB dilectioni litteratorie, ut man- Gioucesta-. tlaretis servienti domini episcopi de Dorkecestria, quod ipse secundum quod res requireret, satisfacere curaret in mercede scripturse ad me pertinentis, qu?e scribitur OxoniiB ; fiat de his sicut vestro sederit beneplacito. CXII. VeneTahili viro, domino J. Mansel, Pvaifosito ^ Bever- lacim, Frater Ada reditudinis consilium et 'prce- 7nium virtutis. In behalf Piget iiimiis grandium negotiorum importunitatibus deiMarkco causarum exilium humiles deprecatus ingerere, sed timorata pietas et propinquitas cognata hoc accej)tare compulit, cujus fiducia vestrse serenitatis pra?stitit inolita benignitas. Proinde pro Thoma de Marisco, milii secundum carnem propinquo, et ut reor de sua salute sollicito, clementia3 vestroe supplico circumspectioni, obsecrans attentius ut eidem, secundmn su?e necessitatis 1 Pw;josiVi, MS. He was Provost of Beverley in 1253. See Roberts' Fine Rolls, II. 154. EPISTOL^. 243 exigentiam vobi.s viva voce, si placet, expoiienclam, de- siderati eftectus favorabile pra3sidium exhibere velitis. Valeat maguificentipo vestrae desiderabilis incolumitas in Christo, etc. CXIII. Venerahili vivo, domino Jer. de Cauxstune,^ Frater Ada gratiam in lyrcesenti et gloriam infuturo. Licet multiplicatis intercessionum vicibus occiipa- For the tionum vestrarum non irratiouabiliter verear inferre ^ fastidium, tamen propter indubitata frequentium experi- mentoriim argumenta fiduciam interpellandi mihi prge- stitit vestroe sedulitati.s amicitia. Quocirca pro Thoma de Marisco, mihi secundum lineam consanguinitatis conjnncto, vestrse discretionis rogo suavitatem, quatenus eidem, in negotio suo, vobis \'iva voce, si placet, expo- nendo, salutare prsesidium velitis impendere. Valeat benignitatis vestrae dilectio in Christo, etc. CXIV. Vivo venerahili, magistro Reginaldo de Bathonia,^ Frater Ada salutem, et sincerum dehitce devo- tionis affectum. Cum, sicut intellexi, magister Robertus de Nortliun Hears that iterum ad litis certamen inter vos et ipsum pridem q/ ^"^0^! liabitum redierit, et, ut dicit, judices sui ad gravamen munication vestrum in tantum processerint, quod sententiam ex- J^jngted communicationis in vos, quod absit, decreverint fore against promulgandam ; cupiens, sicut dignum est, per omnia he'^in ^^ paci vestrre, juxta inodulum meum consulere, pariter avoid it by » See p. 239. |: ^ g^g p, 122. Q 2 mise. 24i AD.E DE MAHISCO a kindly et lionori, preesentem discretioni vestrfe litteram desti- compro y^ry^^.Q ciiravi, suadens in Domino, ut considerantes exi- tum et importunitates memoratse causse, per delibe- ratam maturioris consilii circumspectionem, si sic vobis visum fuerit, studeatis damnis dissensionum amica- bilem occurrere compositionem.^ Valeat, etc. cxy. Honorahili viro, domino Th. de Anesti,^ Frater Ada salutem, et post inam 'pacenfi teiniporis heatam gloTiam ceternitatis. In behalf of Eximia lati cordis, munificentia, quam apud pro- Wm.de visivam vestrse j^ietatis industriam frequens famte clarioris assertio multiplici commendat experientia, non tam fiduciam interpellandi pr?ebuit, quam ademit im- petrandi diffidentiam. Eapropter pro magistro Willielmo de Standun, viro cui et honesta conversatio, et ingenium docile, et provecta scientia, et eloquium conveniens, com- mendationem afterre perhibentur, quem ad eruditionem impendendam litterarum liberalium ab annis teneri- oribus vestro fretum patrocinio promovit propitia divini- tas, pr^esentem liberalitati vestrte petitionem destinare studui, rogans attentius, quatenus eidem importuna rei familiaris tenuitate laboranti, ut noverit et voluerit, ob uberiorem favoris superni retributionem, vestra sub- venire velit benevolentia. Quo fiat ut quam in agro- fecundiori benedictionem seminaveritis, cum abundan- tiori frugum incremento, ad salutarem multonmi refec- tionem, feliciter metere valeatis. Denique quis unquam explicare valebit, in iis quse nunc agi conspiciuntur novissimorum dierum temporibus periculosissimis, hor- ' Sic. J ^ quod in agger e, MS, EPISTOLiE. 245 renda spectacula cunctis mortalibus, videlicet profanas pestes dsemonialium nequitiarum dira rabie sanctissi- mum Salvatoris sanctuariuin, et violenter irrumpentes/ et irrepentes fraudulenter, et blandienter invadentes, et infestantes pervicaciter ? lllos loquor, qui usquequaquam, proli nefas ! et arrogare dignitatem pastorum, et latro- num iinmanitatein exercere non verentur in animas, caninse voracitatis impudentiam assiduis urgendo direp- tionibus, contra quos licet obstinatam perditfe reproba- tionis arrogantiam nequaquam terreat, tamen tonat illud interminationis propheticfe tonitruum : "V?e pastoribus " Israel, qui pascelxxnt semetipsos ! Noune greges pas- " cuntur a pastoribus ? Lac comedebatis, et lanis " operiebamini ; quod crassum est occidebatis ; gregem " autem meum non pascebatis. Quod infirmum fuit " non consolidastis, et quod tegrotum non sanastis ; quod " fractum est non alligastis, et quod abjectum est non " reduxistis, et quod perierat non qusesistis ; sed cum " austeritate imperabatis eis et cum potentia, et dispersas " sunt oves mese eo quod non esset pastor, et factse sunt " in devorationem omnis bestias agri, et disperses sunt." Hsec sunt certe, mi pater desideratissime, quibus plec- tendis in prsesentiarum cernimus omnes, plus in rerum eventibus quam oraculis prophetarum, formidandi ex- aminis tribunalis sententiam, et super prselatos, et super clerum, et super principes, et super populum dignissima districtione dessevire, non destituram proculdubio quous- que compleverit illud quod alibi contra indomitabilem - prselationis usurpatee maligTiitatem ait Miclias (iii.) : " Et super Dominum requiescebant, dicentes : ' Nonne " ' Dominus in medio nostrum ? Non venient super nos " ' mala.' Propter hoc, causa vestri, Sion quasi ager ara- " bitur, et Jerusalem quasi acervus lapidum erit, et " mons templi in excelsa silvarum." Quid ergo? In erumpenfes, MS. [ * indomabilem, ^IS. 246 ADyE DE MARISCO tantis ecclesiasticce dissij)atioms execrationibiis profecto restat hoc solmn immensse perditioiiis remedium, ut vos et vestri complices, quibus est salutaris zeli scientia clarior salvandis animabus, et per sanctum contem- plandEe veritatis otium, et per pium impendendse caritatis officium, tanto vigilantius insistatis, quanto pertinacius illis perdendis passim invigilant, qui nee Dominum timent nee homines reverentm- ; sed cmn horrendissima divinee Majestatis blasphemia, et cum damnatissimo humana) salvationis detrimento, inhiare non desistunt. Valeat paternitatis vestra3 desiderabilis incohimitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Licet in hac parte foret opus sernio longus et interpretabilis, com- pescui calamum, sciens quod ad animam mystici eloquii non ignaram, et ex evangelica sanctione persuasam divinitus, qualiacunque verba facio saltern occasionem pra3stitura sapieiiti. CXVI. Amicissimo patri, domino Roberto de Esthale, Frater Ada salutem, et post lahoiiosiLm cur sum tem- p>oris (jloriosum braviuni adcrnitatis. iFor Philip In angustia cordis et angiistia temporis, pro angusto Pathy. negotio angustam Utteram, latiori liberalitatis vestrte sedulitati ^ scribere me compulit compassionis anxietas. Rogo igitur quatenus ob contemplationem superpii Salvatoris, Philippo Pathy, multimodis diraj vexationis \dolentiis pra3gravato, apud malleum universpe patriae Petrum de Esrigge, tam facinoribus quam flagitiis Deo detestandum et hominlbus execrandum, secundum quod linguae loquuntur omnium, consilii salutaris et ' mlulilads, MB. EPISTOL/E. 2-i7 efficaci.s adjutorii favoreni benevolum impartiri iioii ducatis indigniim. Ecce coram siiavissima vcstrre discretionis industria plurimiim vereor inclyto comiti Cornubiie nisi immani- tatibus dicti scelerati curet maturius adhibere reine- dium. Coegit me inusitatie malitiie efFeratior atrocitas et foeditas contagiosior styliim acuere coutra iiefarium. Valeat vestrte dilectionis veneranda pietas in Cliristo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. CXVII. Honorahili vivo, magistro E. dc Lcn, Frater Ada facere judiciwm, et diligere inisericovdiatn, et sol- licitum aiubidarc cmii Domino Deo Dei Filio. Ad magistri Roberfci de Abeudmie, quondam rectoris jjegs his ecclesipe de Risberga, per sanctum Eadmundum ^ in ejus- influence , , n • • 1 • 1 "^ ,. for r. de dem benenciati piam recordationem, nee non ad suppli- Wyieby, cem instantiam virorum venerabilium, executorum testa- ^^^ speedy . . ... execution menti ejusdem magistri Roberti, provida^ disertitudinis of the will vestrse pietati prsesentem consensi dii'igere petitionem ; ^^^gnjim^e humili quantum valeo rogans attentione, quatenus de consueta serenoB circumspectionis benevolentia, ob con- templationem Illius, qm ait, "Mortuo ne proliibeas " gratiam, nee desis plorantibus in consolatione ; " pru- denti viro, magistro Petro de Wyieby, qui Lactenus per dies plurimos officium eniditionis impendendse in jure canonico, studens Oxonia3, convenienti sustinuit vigilan- tia, pro expedienda testamenti memorati executione, ves- tram adeimti prsesentiam, quatenus nee Veritas ofFen- ditm- nee deseritur misericordia, in nunc dicto gratiospe pietatis negotio, patrocinii provisivi favoreni benevolum exhibere non ducatis indignum. Valeat serenitatis vestr?e sospes incolumitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. ' i.e. Edmund Feuntney, Arclibisliop of Canterbury. 248 AD.E DE MAIUSCO CXVIII. Honorahill vivo, magistro R. de Simplingham,'^ Frater Ada sinritum sanctum infallihilis consilii et fortitudinis invlncibilis. Fears a re- Cum lecfissein cliligentius et plenius intellexissem 1 ftVi disputes iu^ circumspectum litterte vestree tenorem, sollicitus timor the Uni- mentem anxiam admodum occupavit, pro eo qiiod Oxford." desideratissimam universitatis semulandae tranquillitatem formidando subitse concussionis periculo subjacere con- sideravi. Hoc autem in. imminenti causarum graudimn discrimine videtur esse eonsultiim, ut provisiva vestrse discretionis industria, cum venerando coetu sapientum vobis jugiter et his quibiis honori divino servitur et prospicitui" saluti ecclesiasticse assistere dignoscuntiir, dissensionum fomitem reprimere, et procurare qiiietu- dinem studentium non desistat, sub pia benevolse longanimitatis expectatione, quousque per clementem superbenigni Salvatoris dispensationem, quod propitia divinitate fiet, sine morpe dispendio, imperetur ventis conspirationum et mari perturbationis, et fiat tran- quillitas magna scliolarium. Cseterum scripsi litteram porrigendam decano Oxonise, suadens eidem et supplicans, ut propter pavescenda turbaminum imminentium discrimina execution i super- sedeat, sibi a magistro Roberto de Sta. Agatha- de- mandatse; nihilominus per litteram aliam signans et supplicans memorato magistro Roberto, ut, perpensis tantorum discriminum circumstantiis, matui'um rebus periculosis remedium incunctanter curet adhibere. Apud venerandum quoque patrem, dominum Lincolnia?, prout facto opus fuerit modicitatis mete partes inter- ' See p. 100. I 2 See p. 107. EPISTOL^. 249 ponere proponerem, prout divinitus concedetur, ut per propensiorem siiaa provisionis diligentiam, optato fine, cuncta coelitus conqiuescant. In benefice vestri gi-atia acto magistro S. de Londino, Domino propitio, vobi.s usquequaque servabitur indemnitas. Valeat vestras pietatis incolimiitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. CXIX. Arriantissimo in Christo patri, domino Roberto dc Estlude, Frater Ada dcUum optimum graticv, et glorio3 donum perfectum. [Faciei verecundiam, quam ab interpellando revocat]^ In behalf Licet immeritam mete modicitatis tenuitatem revocaverit London, faciei verecundia, tamen fiduciam cordis animavit ad interpellandum probata dilectionis vestrre liberalitas. Proinde sedulam serenitatis vestni) munificentiam sup- pliciore devotte afFectionis interventu precor obnixius, ob Ipsius contemplationem, qui tam celebra legis sufB jussione commendavit, specialissimo milii in Christo magistro J. de Londino,- juxta cogentem neces- sitatis snfB requisitionem, quatenus et pietati consulitur et prospicitur honestati, per aliquem de familiaribus benevolentiie vestras nuntiis, optatam benignte sub- ventionis gratiam, si tamen a vestro hoc non dissideat beneplacito, ut valueritis, videritis, volueritis, procm'are non ducatis indignum. Si effectum petitionis diffi- cultatum'' obsistentia non excludit, memoratus m agister ' Over the words Faciei and revo- cat are -written the monosyllables va and cat, i.e. vucat. Whether this letter was not found on the file, or the vacant space of the MS. was aftcrAvards filled in, I cannot decide. I have ventured to include the line in brackets, as it altogether disturbs the sense. - See Roger Bacon's " Opus Ter- tiuni," circa init. ' difficuUatiu, MS. 250 ADiE DE MARISCO J., viva voce, quod petitiir discretion! vestrre pleniiis insiniiabit. Concedat vobis, oro, Dei virtus, Dei sapientia, Dei sanctificatio, vigorem strenuum, sensmn industrium, zelum salvificum, in verbis vitse, in exemplis vitre, in sacramentis vitce, ad lionorem Altissimi, ad coronam vestri, ad profectum populi felici sollicitudinis ccelicc© viffilantia. cxx. Magistro J. de Stokes Frater Ada viUa gratiam et patricG gloriam. Advising Si quid juxta quod pie prsesumitur in cominisso niodera- visitationis officio ecclesise Dei reformandfe, non tarn tion in bis answer canonica3 traditioni, quani sanction! evangelicse vos et deValen- coUega vester, vir commendabilis, studiosa incesseritis tia. vigilantia, ut libet latius linguse loquantur occm'rit divi- nus apostolus sui silens erudiendo, milii autem inquiens : " Pro minimo est ut a vobis judicer aut ab liumano " die. Sed neque me ipsum judico ; est nempe qui " quadrat ante judicet." Veriunptamen audiamus Scrip- turam, universis moi'talibus clamantem : " Qiiis gloria- " bitur mundum se habere cor V Et iterum : " Omnes " justitise nostras," etc. Propter quod, " beatus," inquit, " qui semper pavidus est." Et iterum : " Verebar om- " nia opera mea, sciens quod non parceres delinquent!. " Si enim lotus fuero aquis vivis, tamen sordibus," etc. Quid ergo? An non longanimiter sustinebimus argu- entes quantumcunque nobis consci! non fuerimus, cmn constat quod ob id justificati non simus apud Eum, de quo scriptum est : " Coel! non sunt mundi in conspectu " ejus, et in Angelis suis repperit Ipse pravitatem." Ad id quod epistolse inseruistis de conciliandis cordibus personarum insignium, videlicet vestri et magistrorum Symonis de Valentia et Roberti de Marisco, a quibus in EPISTOLvE. 251 pacifico pastionis moderamine tanta peiidet salu.s aiiima- riim, totis exilitatis mese viribus, prseter salvificam {einu- lationem pacis reficiendaj in viris ecclesiasticis, me mei compellit apiid iinumqiiemque vestrum singularis aiiiici- tia3 necessitiido. Cjeterum prudentife serpentintie colum- bina simplicitas, qua spirituali legum asternarum cogeii- tia rectores coelicos pollere prjecipit salvandis animabiLS Aiictor animarura, qui amat animas, licet nonnunquam foveat dissensiones sine odio, et interduin dispensatam suavivim litigiorum certamina exercere cognoscatur, non controversiis instaurandis, sed instituendis concordiis ; semper tamen satagat discreta pietas ut sic Veritas cara defendatur ne offendatur vera caritas. Proinde considtum esse videtur, ut nullatenus vestrte discretioiiis epistolam epistolfe magistri Symoiiis responsivam, certe secimdum planum sui veliementiores ultricium objiu-- gationum acrimonias prseferentem, una cum sua vobis transmissa, sicut cogitastis eidem remittere, non vosmet- ipsos defendentes, carissimi, sed amabilem amoris be- nigni sine felle sajvitiam responsione molliori, secundum sapiential documentum, in unanimem amicitipe profectum convertentes. Vix istud tantillum qualitercunque inter innumeras lacerantium occupationum pressuras scripto vestro rescribere valui. Valeat, etc. CXXI. D'decto amlco hi Christo domino Bartholomeo, Rec- tor i Ecclesiw de Raddeivelle, Frater Ada salutem . et sinceruQn dehitw dUectlonis affectum. Vobis innatam rogo benio-nitatem ut magistro S. Requesting . . . him to sa- Gyen/ quondam doctori vestro, super debito, quo eidem tigfy a debt tenemini, videlicet xl. solidorum sterlingorum, satisfacere ^^^ to S. ' See p. 232. 252 AD^ DE MARISCO Gycn, his former in- structor. curetis sine morje dispendio, secundum quod divinae legis cogit auctoritas, et honestas requii'it ingenuitatis vestrae ; scientes quod prsefatee pecuniae dilata solutio jam a multis diebus modicitati mefe ruborem intulit joariter et angustiam. Valeat fidei vestr?e vigilantia in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Propter formidandum summi Ju- dicis examen advertat indolis vestrse laudabilis indus- tria, quod secundum immutabiles divinorum eloquiorum sententias rectoribus animarum eonsultum nullatenus esse poterit, nisi pascendis gregibus Dominicis per ver- bum sanctse prsedicationis, per exemplum sanctse con- versationis, per affectum, pi?e deprecationis, in carnis maceratione, in cordis compunctione, in sacramentorum dispensatione, sine quibus in die reddendas rationis peterni judicii condemnatio non evaditur, aut curas quas damnabiliter usurparunt, viris facturis fructus earum, aut nesciunt aut nolunt, ut oportet, invigilare, ne prop- ter effrsenatam bonorum ecclesiasticorum pervasionem omnibus speculis horrendum stupendee proditionis piacu- lum admittant. In reternum valeat, etc. Tliat his relative, William the Bailiff of I5iigden, maybe dis- cliarged his duties on the Score of ill-health. CXXII. Vivo venerahil'i, domino J. de Grakhale, Frater Ada augmentum graticc et glorice j^lenitudinem. Cum sicut meKus novit vestra discretio, Willielmus, germanus mens, ballivus de Bvigeden, frequenter vale- tudinum prsegravetur molestiis, propter quod ad minis- terium domini episcopi de csetero, sicut oportet, nequa- quam videatur idoneus, vestram rogo serenitatem ut apud dictum dominum satagere velitis, quod ipsum sine morse dispendio licentiare dignetur redire ad propria, et domui sute sicut Dominus dabit disponere. Valeat vestrjB circumspectionis industria in Cbristo semper etc. EPISTOL^. 253 CXXIII. Prcedlledo sibl iii Chrlsto domlno J., domini Lincolnioi seiieschallo, Frater Ada salutem in Domino. Pro caro milii Johanne prpeposito de Bugeden vobis For John, innata3 supplico benignitati, quatenus eundem in suarum ^I^°^j"^ necessitatum articulis et clementer audire et dirigere misericorditer non ducatis indignum, quoad fieri poterit ratioiiabiliter, providentes intuitum Domini, ut nec per simplicitatem fides ipsius denigretur, aut rei familiaris incurrat detrimentum. Valeat pietatis vestrse suavitas in Cliristo semper et beatissima Virgine. CXXIV. Ainicissimo sihi in Christo domino ^ J. de Crakhale, domini Lincolnice senescJtallo, Frater Ada salutem et obseqiiialem devotee modicitatls affectionem. Rogeri Cuchur, sicut credo, juvenis bonae spei sup- For Roger plicationi consentiens, prsesentem litteram vestrse scripsi "^ ^""^" dilectioni, rogans, si placet, ut eidem jam a suse leesionis discrimine per Dei gratiam liberato, sicut noveritis et volueritis, favoris benevoli gratiam dignemini impartiri. Valeat serenitatis vestrse pietas in Christo, etc. ' domini, MS. 254 ABM DE MARISCO cxxv. Dilectlssimo pcdri in Christo domino P. de Stanford, Ciistodi Hospitalis de Lutrewrth, Frater Ada sa- lutem, d spiritum consilii cum spiritii fortitu- dinis. On his ap- Mitto vobis litteras nobilis viri domini G. DispeiLsatoris pointuient Jomiiio Lincoliiise deferendas, per quas dictus dominus to the ^ ^. T . ^ . living of G. personam vestram prsesentat dicto domino Lmcolnise Soleby. ^^ ecclesiam de Soleby.^ Proinde propter gloriam divini nominis, propter lionorem beatte Virginis, propter ani- marum salutem, propter beatitudinis coronam, vos moneo, vos rogo, vos invito, ut sine mor?e dispendio, eimi dictis litteris vestree prjesentationis accedatis ad memoratum patrem dominum Lineolnioe, onus praefati regiminis, divinitate proj^itia, suscepturi. Noveritis quoque quod Imc accedit consilium amantissimi patris, fratris J. de Stanford.* Nequaquam conatus sum insistere suasoriis, credens quod piee menti persuadeat efRcaciter in causa pietatis pius Dei Filius, Valeat vestr?e dilectionis pietas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Mitto vobis litteras domino Lin- colnise per vos porrigendas. CXXVI. Illustri vho, domino Aimaro,^ frcdri domini Regis, Frater Ada salutem, et post transitum tempora- lium mansionem a^ternorum. Asking his Licet modicitatem meam et tenuitas meritorum good omces with the meorum, et vestrpe serenitatis excellentia, calamum King See Epist. LXVI. f ^ See Epist. IV. See Epist. XXXIV. EPISTOL/E, 255 li^erere compulerit, tamen et causae magnitudo et con- in behalf of cepta fiducia, qiiominus prsesentem petitionem vobis ^''5 ^^'^''"P inolite scriberem l)enigmtati, devoti vestri mentein num. quiescere non permisit. Proinde cimi venerandi patris domini Aniani,^ quein pontificali dignum infula Celebris fama deniiutiat, Apostolicse sedis auctoritas velut sanc- tionibus consonani evangelicis confirmaverit electionem ; benevolentise vestree supplico sedulitati, rogans liumili- ter quatenus oIj honoris divini et ecclesiasticte salutis contemplationem, apud regife dominationis clementiam, secundum quod rerum requirit urgentia, prsesens pie- tatis negotiuni vestra3 velit claritatis industria, adbibitis opportmiitatum circumstantiis, in Domino promovere. Concedat vobis, oro, in his et in cunctis reverendum Dei sanctuarium contingentibus, per timorem sanctum quod prudenter discernitis, geritis fortiter, temperanter cohi- betis justeque distribuitis, ad iUum finem perseveranter dirigere, ubi erit Deus omnia in omnilras, jeternitate certa et pace perfecta in Christo, etc. CXXYII. Prcedilecto amico, domino W. de Hemingeherga, Frater Ada. Cursorem domini Cantuarise, prgesentis cartulse porti- For the torem, qui mihi destinatas memorati domini et domin?e fj°"^L reginse litteras detulit, quem et ego cum eorundem of Canter- litteris et meis, mmistro nostro destinatis, ad dictum ^^^' ministrum transmitto, peto, si placet, sicut competenter videritis, liospitio colligi faciatis. Valete semper in Christo. Salutetis obsequio mei rogo dominum seneschallum cum gratiarum actionibus. Iterum valeat, etc. > Bishop of St. Asaph's in 1249. 256 AT>M DE MARISCO Requesting to know •whom he would wish to have tutor to his nephew iu the place of John Pescliam. CXXVIII. McvjUtro H. de Andegavia Frater Ada felices salu- tarium votorum successus. Cum clominus Johannes de Pescham ^ scliolaris, quern et honestior conversatio et litteratura provectior commend- abiliter illustrant, coelesti succensus desiderio nuper Fratrum Minorum religiosam instifcutionem intraverit, ad instantiam carissirai nepotis vestri H., cujus ado- lescentiam imiocentialem, ingenium docile et laudabile studium, mos placidus et Iseta spes, ex divinitatis gratia reddit acceptam, circumspectse discretionis vestrse sere- nitati litteram prsesentem destinare consensi, rogans at- tentius quatenus sine morse dispendio insinuare curetis, quem eensueritis in officio eruditionis impendendse me- morato H. nepoti vestro, loco prredicti Joliannis, quondam instructoris ejusdem, substituendum. Suggessit autem milii prsedictus H. nepos vester de quodam P. scholari OxonifB ad banc sollicitudinem satis idoneo, quod etiam alias ex testimonii credibilis audivi assertione. Valeat vestrae sinceritatis, etc. CXXIX. Honorabili vivo maglstro M. de Sancta Agatha, Frater Ada sincerum dehitcu devotionis affectuinr In favour Tanto fiducialius liberalem sedulitatis vestrse bene- or Symou . . n t t • • de Vuien- volentiam mterpello, licet modicitatis meas hoc merita tmis, who j^Qj^ requirant, quanto prsesertim in causis favorabilibus ' This must be John Pechani afterwards Archbishop or Canter- bury. " In 1279," says Trivet," John Pecham, of the diocese of Chiches- ter, a Minorite, came into England from our lord the Pope, and was consecrated Archbishop of Canter- bury, lie had been taught Divi- nity at Paris, and resumed his lectures at Oxford ; after that he was Provincial Minister in England, eventually Lector Palatii in the Roman Court. He was a very zealous supporter of his Order, an excellent composer of poetry (Ca/-- minum'), pompous in gait and ad- dress, but of a kind disposition, and very generous." See also Chron. de Lauer. p. 100-1. - See Epist. XXII. EPISTOL.E. 257 vestrro Jlsertitudinis aft'ectio suavior inilii displicendi wishes to diffidentiain ingerit, et admiiiistrat confidentiam iiiipe- fTOVn^Uie ' ' trandi. Quocirca pro venerabili patre magistro Symone University de Valentiiiis^ ve.stra3 circuinspcctioiiis iiiolita) benignitali affectuose sup})lico, rogans obnixius, quatenus eidem juxta prresentem necessitatis sufe cogentiam, de provisiva con- suetre pietatis industria, efficacem consultioris auxilii subventionem exhibere non ducatis indigiium ; pro eo quod ea qiias petuntur, si fuerint impensa, remunera- tionem ampliorem a diviiiitate proiiierentur, et is, pro quo petitur, titulis dignioribus gratise niulti}>licioris divinitus insignitui'. Lator praesentium vobis, si placet, viva voce negotii tenoreni plenius exponet, quod non ini- merito tanquam proprium aniplecti compellor in Domino. Hoc est autem quod expediri satagitur ; videlicet ut mvituum xl. librarum per discretionis vestree diligentiam concedatur memorato magistro Symoni, de pecunia uni- versitatis Oxonice deposita, ex munere caritativo magistri Willielmi de Dunelmia,- cujus in Cluisto pia est recorda- tio, sub forma certas cautionis quam competere censueritis. Ut autem amplius liqueat quod in liac parte desiderat prfefatus magister S., et nonnulli amicorum ipsius in Domino, mitto vobis prtesentibus inclusam litteram, quam milii pro dicto negotio, si fieri potest, expediendo, quidam vir magnus misit in spirituali dilectione con- junctus. Valeat vestras dilectionis, etc. cxxx. Honorahili vlro, magistro R. de Sancta Agatha, Frater Ada vice gratiam et gloriam ixttriw. Beneficse fidelis amicitise liberalitati, quam apud I" behalf . '^ of Walter sinceritatem vestram erga meam exilitatem certis Cylfard. ' Symou de Valentia in Epist. cxx. - Tbc scholar and patron of learning mentioned by Mat. Paris, p. 354 and 771. lie died in 1249. 258 ADiE DE MARISCO inultiplicium argiimentorum indiciis beiiignius afRci frequentiiis experior, oro satisfaciat mimificentife ccelestis superbenevola retributio. Ad instantiam sup- l^licem magistri Walter! GyfFard, viri, ut reor, dis- cretioni ve.str?e non incogniti, prassentem prudentife vestree consensi dirigere petitioiiem, rogans affectuose, quatenus eidem in negotio suo, vobis, ut intellexi, per ipsius litteram pleuius exponendo, quatenus nee off'endi- tur Veritas nee justitia deseritiu', sed et honori prospi- citur et consulitur utilitati, petitam favoris benevoli gratiam impai-tiri non ducatis indignum. Valeat dilectionis vestra3 benigna suavitas in Cbris- to, etc. CXXXI. Recom- mends to him P. de Kyllum, appointed to the Church of St. Mary, Oxford. Ilonorabili viro, domino J. Mansell, Prmposito Bevev- lacicv, Frater Ada salutcm, et 2^ost ixtcem temiwris gloriam wternitatis. ^ Etsi inter tam varia aulici laboris negotia claram vesti-re serenitatis industriam vigilante vigilantia desu- dare considerem, tamen expedita^ " circumspectionis inolita benignitas, apud vestram spectabiliter residens eminentiam, li?crentem calamum ad praesentein petiti- unculam animavit. Igitur pro domino P. de Kyllum,^ latore prsesentium, quern ad regimen ecclesice Beatfie Virginis Oxonise de vestrae pietatis, ut reor, assensu, regalis excellentia ob Salvatoris contemplationem sal- vandis animabus prsesentare curavit, vestram humiliter rogo clementiam, quatenus dictum rectorem, ad pra3- sentiam domini regis accedentem, favorabiKter suscipere et consultiiLS expedire, si vestro sederit beneplacito, non » See Epist. CXII. - expedire, MS. cor. 3 See Epist. X. & C. EPISTOL.^. 259 (lucatis indignum. Dirigat, oro, desideratlssimpe strenui- tatis vestrse et iugeniuni prsecipimm et facimdum eloquimn Auctor vitne, per viani qu?e diicit ad vitam, ut in omnibus et recte discernatis, et geratis fortiter, et cohibeatis temperanter, et juste distribuatis, omnem Vivendi ordinem ad ilium finem referentes ubi est Deus omnia in omnibus, peternitate certa et pace perfecta. In Christo, etc. CXXXII. Amantissimo sihi in- Christo domino J. de CrakJicde, domini Lincolnke Seneschallo, Frater Ada gra- tiam in ijrwsenti et gloriam in futuro. Liceat improbum videri valeat viiileni animum in behalf ?emulatione iusta prreditum ad exhibendam iustitiam ^^ Warner -.1 , '^ • • r^^ • L itt • *"® Vintner mterpellare, tamen earns mihi m (Jnristo Warnerius, of Oxford, vinitor municipialis Oxonia?, per suam obtinuit impro- ^^^ desires •■■ \ \ i to recover bitatem, ut prresentem petitionem vestrae dirigerem his right serenitati, per quam vestram rogo discretionem quatenus ggta^es'^^'^ de consueta recti tudinis benevolentia jugiter gerente promptitudinem, ut quod justum est juste exequamini, velitis dicto W. favorabile patrocinium impendere, tam efficaciter quam niisericorditer, ut qufe sua sunt sibi restituantiu" a quibusdam ' in manerio de Thame degentibus, quibus, ut asserit, dudum mutui pr^estitit beneficium. Valete ; ut supra. qnihiis, MS. R 2 2C0 AD.-E DE MAPJSCO CXXXIII. Honovabill vivo, domino Cantuarice Ojfficiali, magistro II. de Mortuo Mari,^ Frater Ada ijost felicem cursum temporis beatum hravium ceternitatis. For Myli- Taiito fiducialius ad provisivum disertitudinis vestrse *^^°'^'^P°'?'* patrocinium in necessariis considerationis pise negotiis ■woman ot ^ , . . , . Heading, reciii'ritui', quanto apnd smcentatem vestram semulatio justa serenum ingenium specialius insignire dignos- citur. Eapropter pro miiliere paupere de Radinge, no- mine Mylisand, quam, ut dicitur, in causfe matrimonialis jjia prosecutione injuria multiplices fallacium diffugi- orum perperam prfegravarunt, bene vol am auctoritatis vestrpe discretionem attentius obsecro, quatenns eidem secmidum salutarem necessitatis suae requisitioneni, quatenns nee detrahitm' misericordise nee veritati obvenitur, ob Salvatoris intuitum, subventum pietatis efRcacia matnriori non ducatis indignmn. Valeat salvifica strenuitatis vestr?e sospitas ad salu- taria dispensationis ecclesiastical moderamina in Cbristo semper et beatissima Virgine. For the bearer. CXXXIV. Honorahili viro, magistro Siriion de Waletun,- Frater Ada gratia} viain et gloriam patrice. Licet modicitatem meam ab interpellando revocave- rit, eandem tamen ad interpellandum animavit,^ [etc.] Quocirca pro dilecto mihi in Cbristo Jobanne latore prsesentium liberali pietatis vestree discretion i affectuose ' Of this Hugh INIortimer, see note to Epist. CLXI. - Pvohably Simon de Walton, one of the King's Justices, afterwards Bishop of Norwich, 1257. ' Tlie sentence stands so in the MS., but needs some words to com- plete the sense. EPISTOL.E. 2G1 supplico, rogans obnixius, qiiatenus eidem in iirgentiorl necessitatis negotio optatum propensioris gTatise sub- sidiura, quatenus et adhosretur misericordipe et veritati obtemperatur, ob contemplationem Salvatoris benig- nius exhibere non ducatis indignum. Valeat serenitatis vestrte integra sospitas in Christo, etc.^ cxxxv. lUustrl domino S. Comlti Lcycestr'iw Fnder Ada salutem iii mundi Salvatore. Quoniara occiurit opportunitas intervenientis, videlicet Letter of P. de Pontissera, fidelis ^ vestri, quod voce nequeo, hoc advice and ago littera, scilicet desideratpe dominationi vestra) mo- tion, dicitatem meam prsesentem exliibeo. Quoniam immittit angeliis Domini in circiiitu timentium eum, et eripiet eos, indubitanter spero quod timoratam vestra? pietatis animam et inter liostilitatum discrimina, et inter nioli- mina proditionum, et ultra inter ancipites s?eculi vacil- lantis eventus, Illius conservabit dementia, de quo scriptum est : " Rex, qui sedet in solio judicii, dissipat " omne malum intuitu suo;" si tantum, sicut insinuavi, ex divini nominis timore sancto, qui permanet in peternum, indefessa sollicitudine satagatis, ut sit et in persona vestra, et in militibus vestris, et in servientibus vestris. et in vmiversis regimen vestrum contingentibus, ad Dominum pia devotio, ad homines foedus inviolatum. invicem fide vel amicitia, sigillatim honesta conversatio, ad benevolos socialis concordia, ad discolos ratio- iiabilis controversia, ad universes caritas intemerata. ' Here follows a blank of twenty- I - fdcns in the jMS. five lines. I 262 AD.E DE MARISCO Talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus ; quod " si " Dominus pro nobis quis contra nos ?" Recolamus indesinenter vigilantissimam Dei dispensationem circa divinum prophetam Helyseum, ciii, quia tiniorem Dei non deseruit, ipsum ab hominum tiniore eripiens svi- perna protectio, cum armatoriun contra inermem con- spirasset stevitia, castrorum ccelestiiun igneas acies nu- nierosas ad subveniendum destinavit. Breviavit epistolam brevitas temporis. Nuper scripsit vobis dominus Lincolnise. Scripsi etiam et ego. Studeat, oro, vestrfe discretionis diligentia cmn efFectu Divinfe voluntati, secundum quod litter?e preeferunt incimctan- ter, adliibere consensum. Molestum est quod postquam recepi litteram vestram dudum confectam, super desi- derabili status vestri prosperitate, quem conservet sempiterna miseratio, certitudinem nvdlani audivi. Valeat, oro, vestni3 serenitatis secundum hominem ut- rumque incolumitas, in Clnisto semper et beatissima Viro'ine. CXXXVI. lllustri viro, domino S. Comitl Ler/ce stria', Frater Ada scdute77i et splritwin salutarls consilH cum spiritu invictoi fortittidinis. Eemon- In festo Sti. Dionysii putabat se comitissa lectum strateswith •• • •••••it tijg j^lg^j-l for pwerperu conscensuram, quamvis non sicut conjiciebat having ta- dies pariendi advenisset. Cumque loqueretur mihi with him domina super iis, qua3 et vestri et sui tam salutem into Gas- perennem quam statum temporalem contingunt, et Priest of inter alia mihi innotuisset quod vicarium cancellarii Hodiham. garum, curandis animabus ecclesise de Hodiham obliga- Oct. 9th. tum, vobiscum duxissetis Yasconiam, niiratus sum quam- plurimum pro eo quod cum perieulo manifesto tam innumerabilis populi, vel ad tempus viduare consensistis dictam ecclesiam dicto vicario, per innnutabilem Dei Ei'iyiOL.E. 203 legem ad continnaiu residentiam pro salute jugiter ojDoranda constricto ; efc etiam pro eo quod hominem, de eujus afFectione, vel industria, vel conversatione, vobis uec per sufficiens testimonium, nee per experientiam probabilem facta est prtesumptio rationabilis ; et ^ iu- super pro eo quod homini incognito et domino suo, quasi rem magnam ob contemplationem vestri fecerint, vestram in posterum excellentiam constituere voluistis obnoxiam. Quid plura ? Non mediocriter anxiatus animus mens de his cogitat. Quid etenim claivam pise mentis circumspectionem obtenebraverit ignoro in re tarn evidentis erroris. Auget autem dolorem, prout audio quasdam liabetis ineptias, quibus in bac parte factum non immerito reprobandum petatis posse defen- sarer Parcat eis, oro, Dominus, qui illas cordi benevolo })ersuadere curaverunt. Revelet vobis oculos coelestis illuminatio ad considerandam Divinse voluntatis verita- tem, ne prsesentis speculi fallaciis seducti, quod absit, cum ca3cis ducibus cseci in foveara coiTuatis. Propter Dei honorem, propter vestri salutem, propter ecclesigo necessitatem, studeat, obsecro, deinceps vestra pia dis- cretio prresentem corrigere transgi-essionem, remittendo ad oves proprias suum pastorem, pro quibus apud for- midandum judicem suam animam defixit, et in simili- bus de csetero constantius, cautius et sahibrius, propter benedictum Dei Filimn, negotiari. Sit benedictio supernae dispensation!, quamvis non cessent obstetricationes malignantium et insidiantium molimina, fiduciam concepennit amici vestri in Chris- to, quod susceptum onus per Ipsius adjutorium mag- nifice, sapienter et utiliter, quamvis non sine laboriosi sudoris gravamine, supportabitis. > Est. Jis. - So the -whole passage gtaucls. j ?Ym, quid, prout audio, qiutsdam ha- belis ineptias, quihus in lute parte propose to read ; Auget autcm dolo- I ^'c, putatis posse defensare. 264 AD.E DE MARISCO CXXXVII. Illiistrl vivo, domino S., Comiti Leijcestrlai, Frater Ada. Praises O benignissime comes, quantam purifcatem, quantam him for claritatem, quantam sanctitatem a diviiia retributione his services . _ . . • , . i i i • to the m regno Dei percipietis, pro eo quod ad ecclesiam Church. j)q[ purgandam, ilhmunandam et sanctificandam, tam felici soUicitudine per idoneum regimen indefesse sata- gitis ! Quid enim unquam Dei Filio cogitari poterit tam gratiose complacitum, quam ut salvandis animabus jugiter invigiletur, pro quibus Ipse pii cruoris efFu- sionem, sub tantis agoniis, rubricare voluit salutiferse crucis patibulum. Quid proderit paci civium prospicere et pacem domesticorum non custodire? Attendamus quia melior est patiens viro forti, et qui dominatur animo expugnatore urbium. Miror ni prudentise vestrae subtilitas advertat quid per Imnc intendo sermonem. Valeat vestrse serenitatis eminentia, etc. Rescribat mihi, si placet, vestra dominatio exquisite de omnibus quae rescribenda judicaveritis, vestrum super eis insinu- ando sensum pariter et beneplacitum. CXXXVIII. Illiistri domino Gomitl Lcycedviw Fnder Ada salutem. pn the Desiderabilis status vestri incolumitas, qviam ex tenore litterre mihi transmissse perpendere potui, sit Divino nomini benedictio, cordi meo l?etas ihgessit gratiarum actiones. De reditu vestro tamen tam festino non modicam concepi admirationera, licet noverim quod ipsum requisierit causarum grandium urcjens consideratio. Ifjitur viriliter asjite, et mens vestra confortetur in Domino, de quo sperandum indti- Earl's return EPISTOL^. 265 bitanter, quod per Ipsius clementissimam dispensa- tionem, qui non despicit prpesumentes de se, quantuin- cumque videantur insperati eventus sanos salutarium propositorum conceptus retardare ipsos, propter sui norainis houorem et salutem Ipsi fideliter obsequen- tium, ad laudabilem supra quara optari valeat con- smnmationeru perducere dignabitur. Etsi multiplex experientia tenuem prsestet fiduciam, ad habenda super negotiis de quibus scripsistis circumspecta, secundum quod res requirant, consilia, Divinitate tamen pi-opitia, in cujus manu corda sunt regum, diffidendum nulla- tenus est, quominus hurailiati sub potenti manu Dei omnem sollicitudinem nostram in Ipsum })ro- jiciamus, quoniam Ipsi est cura de nobis, quod justum est juste persequendo ambiguos actionum nostrarum exitus ad certum finem Divina3 voluntatis dirigamus. Valeat serenissima nobilitas vestra. Valeat et illus- tris comitissa. Valeant et carissima pignora vestra. Valeant et omnia dignam dominationem vestram con- tingentia, in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. CXXXIX. Illustri viro, comitl Leycestriw, Fnder Ada, Si tota mentis fiducia pergamus in Ipsum, qui veni- Justifies entes ad se non ejicit foras, nee unquam deserit de |,Jgii^°™ojjg sua misericordia prsesumentes, licet labores nostri opta- he had tum non sortiantur efFectum, Deo melius aliquid provi- jiie^Ead" dente semper omnibus qui colunt Ipsum, vigiles actuum nostrorum sollicitudines ad salutariorem exitum per- ducentur. Quamobrem si quod intendimus proveniat, bene quidem ; sin autem, certissime sj^eremus longe desiderabiliora quam concej^imus ; per omnia sit Di- vino nomini superexaltata benedictio, peren niter quo- que observetur et Filio Dei fides inviolata, et legiti- 266 AD.E DE MAllISCO miiiii foedus filiis hominiim. Immodica visa est littera serenitatis vestrse mihi nuper transmissa, illam, quam,^ nee immerito, fateor erga nobilitatem vestraiii inter mortales specialem concepi affectionem, quasi in iis qiipecimque vestrse scripsi discretion!, super quam con- veniret elaros excellentire vestrre titulos expresserim. Super quo cor meum hactenus non rejirehendit ; cum in hoc, ut reor, nee ab exemplis recesserim sapientum, nee rationis obvenerim exigentiis. Certum etenim est (j[uod licet ignobilis animpe stultitia, et suis bonoribus elevetur in superbiara, et suis laudibus dejiciatur ad igiiaviara, tamen illustris anim?e sapientia, et ex illis ad humibtatem inclinatur, et ex istis ad virtutem animatm\ Propter hoc, mi desideratissime comes, in hac parte nee vii'ium - timeo discrimen, nee meam accusationem, sperans quod ex hoc divinitatis dementia et vobis et mihi pariter fiet in sapientiam. Quanto magis prsecipitem mentis mundi jorocessum conspicio, tanto districtius for- niidandas Divinorum judiciorum sententias indubitaiiter adverto universis quos bestiabs vesania non infatuavit, Sed quid ? In hoc tantummodo consultum erit electis, ut Salvatoris sui jussionibus obtemperent ; ubi cmn horrendas sreculi ruinas pr?emisisset, subjungit : " His " autem fieri incipientibus, respicite ; et levate capita " vestra, quoniam appropinquat redemptio vestra." Protractiorem epistolam temporis exchidit angustia. CXL. illusiri vivo, comiti Leycestrice, Fratcv Ada salafem, et loost gratiosa certaminum mer'ita gloriosa trlu7)iphoru7ii prcemia. Exhorts »^1 nipti foederis et affectionis fictre responsa reci- him to frc- pJatis, quid abud quam (piod antea cogitastis postea ' Sic. inqiKim ? \ - Sic. EPISTOL/E. 267 toleratis? Nempe quod exspectavit prsesentia hoc ex-ingof the perientia reprsesentat. Meminit, ni fallor, pnidentine ^^^It vestrse clara circunispectio, quam freqiienti sollicito- as the best mm examinum colloquio aiiribua nostris invicein in- hoDe"arK/°'' gessimus, quam aspicimus oculis execrandam seductivre comfort, calliditatis impudeiitiam, licet ob imminenfces falsitatis stupendre suspiciones, considerata fidelitatis animosa; iiducia, anibigimm prpegTaiidis negotii discrimen subire iie({naquaia formidaverit. Sed quid ? Certe mitigant afflictionum prfesentiam pra^meditationes periculoruni, se- cundum amplexandam divini Gregorii sententiam, qua dicitur : " Minus feriunt jacula qure providentur, et nos " tolerabilius mundi mala suscipimus, si contra I103C per " providentise clypeum mmiimur." Hpec est etenini circa fidelem electorum militiam salvifica dispensatio, ut sublatis sajcularis confidentin3 subsidiis, totaliter se cou- ferat triumphalis militantium fortitudo ad supernse vir- tutis insuperabile prtesidium, qu?e de se sfBculis omni- bus clamat, dicens (Pro v. viii.) : " Meum est consilium " et jBquitas, mea est prudentia, et niea est fortitu- " do ; per me reges regnant et legum conditores " justa decernunt ; per me principes imperant et poten- '■ tes decernunt justitiam. Ego diligentes me diligo ; et " (|ui mane vigilant ad me invenient me." Qualiter, inquies, illam diligens ad illam vigilabo ? Audiamus ilium ad magistratus mundi directimi prrecipue proplietas sermonem (Mich, vi.) : " Indicabo tibi, O homo, quid sit '' l:)onum, et quid Doininus quajiut a te. Utique facere " judicium et dihgere misericordiam, et sollicitum ambu- " lare cum Deo tuo." Ut, videlicet, ab iis qui prgesmit in judicio per censuram districtionis plectantui* discoli, in misericordia per affectum mansuetudinis subleventur devoti, in soUicita Divini comitatus ambulatione, per cultum divinitatis ordinentur universi. Hrec igitur solummodo sunt in quibus ad Christum, Dei virtutem et Dei sapientiam, maxime vigilabitis, et Ipsius nihil- oniinus coinprobabitis dilectionem, per queni sohnu 268 AD.'E DE MARISCO triumplialiter agitur in hostibus, et cives sapienter gubernantur. Breviavi epistolam, nolens inter tot perstrepentium curarum varietates auribus tarn raultipliciter occupatis importunos sermones importare ; sciens quoque, quod studiosa vestras serenitatis industria ex paucis multa jirudenter extrahet ad salutem. Hoc exopto, hoc ob- testor, hoc rogo, lit salutarem divinorum eloquiormn consolationem, ex frequenti Sacranim Scripturarum in- spectione, ruptis quoad fieri poterit, secundum rationis sustinentiam, sfepius intermissis perturbantium solHcitu- dinum vehementiis, vobis summopere comparare studeatis. Pernecessarium vestrfB discretioni fore puto, ut capi- tula xxix., XXX., xxxi. libri Job, et csetera statui vestro in eodem libro convenientia, cum suavissimis exposi- tionibus Sancti Gregorii, diligenti scrutinio, prout divi- nitus dabitur, frequentetis. Had satis- Locutus est mihi domijius rex de facto vestro, qui, (jueen^in ^^^ credo, libenter consiliis vestris adquiesceret, pluri- the Earl's mum de integritate fidei vestrre confidens, si in hac parte ipsum favorabiliter sua fulcirent latera. Allocu- tus sum et ego dominam reginam diligenter super agendis vestris, quse ad omnia rationabiliter et benigne respondit, de vobis etiam magnam habens spem sub- ventionis. Benedictus Deus valet dominus Lincolnite et insignes liberi vestri indolis eximiae et magiise spei, de die in diem in bono proficientes. Statum regni, cui Dominus subveniat, dominus Johannes de la Haye vobis melius poterit referre. Scripsistis mihi nuper de variis periculis in diversis partibus mundo imminentibus. Audita autem sunt postmodum apud nos omnibus lio- minibus inexplicabiliter terrifica.^ Valeat excellentise vestrpe desiderabilis incolumitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. behalf. ' What that ne^TS was, see Epist. CXLVL EPISTOLyE. 2G9 CXLI. Coniltl Leycestriw Frater Ada. Brevitas temporis et varietas occupationum et cur- Trusts that soris vestri acceleratio non permiserunt, licet hoc plu- successVill riinum optareni, hac vice prolixius scribere. Idcirco make iiim litterain pariter et incipio et finio ; hoc monens, hoc qq^^ " obsecrans, hoc obtestaiis, ut qvianto Divinitatis clemen- Hopes soon tia iiomini suo clans gloriam, et vestrie devotioni dans him. gratiam, snpra qiiam a3stimari poterit, magnitica sua vohtntatis negotia, per hiboriosam vestrre sollicitudinis efficaciam, prosperiori favore prosequi dignoscitur, tanto misericordia indulgentiori et fideHori veritate, directiore justitia ct tranquilliori pace, ex tota cordis affectione, ex tota anima3 districtione, ex tota virtutis intentione, amplius in Auctorem salutis assurgat salvifica mentis generosse dilectio. Quid eiiim ? Quanti sceleris fore putabitur, si inde contra Divinitatem inolescere^ con- tingat arrogantia ? Unde secundum assertionem Scrip- tm-re peccatum maximum et negationem contra Deum altissimum admittere convincitm*, divinam ordina- tionem damnabiliter evacuans, qui ex Ipsius muneribus non proficit, in ipsmn formidandum est judicium in- gratitudinis, qufe legitimum exhseredat fihum. Libuit littera, quod voce non licuit, adire videlicet desideratam vestr?e serenitatis pr?esentiam. Quod utinam conce- datm' mihi divinitus cum opportunitate maturiori per- sonaliter adimplere ! Supervacuum putavi scribere vobis de iis, quse plenius vobis scripsit venerabilis dominus Lincolnite, qui, benedictus Deus, corpore valet et spiritu. Valent et amabiles liberi vestri, ut spero, proficientes ?etate pariter et gratia. Agendum est insoUescere, MS, 270 AD.E DE MAEISCO. jugiter piis precamiuiun instantiis, iit malignoiiun moliniina reprimat omnipotentis sapientia? pietas. Locutiis fiii de negotio sub vent ionis vobis fiicienda? per indulgentiam Apostolicam, sicut expedire puta\'i. Concepi autem spem indiibitatam in Domino, quod illuJ bene prosperabitur per sollicitudineni domini Lineolnia? et domini Wygornire, vobis inter mortales omnes special! amieitia favorabiliores. Gonservetiu*, oro, vesti*fe serenitatis ineolumitas in Christo semper, etc. CXLII. Comiti Leycesfrice Frater Ada. apresent°of ^i virum honorabilem, dominimi decanimi Lincolnise, venison for nobilitati vestiw benevolentia spirituaK fideliter ob- theDeanof . . . , . . , . Lincoln, at noxiumj cui juxta morem ecelesia? sui'e m solemni hi5 mstal- Beat;© Yirginis natalitio, utpote nuper in decania^ dig- lationteast. ° .. . ^ . \ . ^ ° nitatem sublimato, solempne con^^vl^un instniere tam liononitioribus quam popularibus soUicius ineimibit, srrato subventu ferime venerationis censueritis bono- randiun,! reor vobis erit bonoiificimi et devotis vestris acceptiuu. Qutxl et frater Gregorius- una mecimi fieri precatiu:. CXLIIL Inclyto domino S. Comiti Leycestricc Frater Ada sa- lutem, et post discrimen ceiiaminis trium^yhi felicitat€m. Expressing IgnoraAT quid seriberem, pemesciens quid ageretur at the delay circa desiderabilem vestne nobilitatis excellentiam. in the ' hoHorendunu MS. j - Gregorius de Bosell. See p. 32. EPISTOL^. 271 Licet mentem siispensam varia varie referentiiim as- Earl's ,. • ^ r- •!! business. sertio, nunc secvira mine penciuosa pi-seierens, vacillare Exhorts to compellat inter sollicite formidinis angnstias et lati- Patience. tudines expectationis Inetificie, intolerabilem quoque hassitationuni molestiam ingereret, si uon et metus difK- dentiam adimeret, et exhiberet confidenti;^ securitateni longaiiimis patientia et consolatio salutaris Scriptiu-anim ; in quarmn loco quodam ait Dominus exercitmun, dis- pensativam majestatis siue clementiam etiam in vestras streniiitatis sudoribiis bellicis depromens : " Ecce ego " mittam Angelum," (videlicet Christum, Dei Filium, Dei virtutem, Dei sapientiam,) " qui ])ra?cedat te et ciistodiat " in via., et introducat ad locum quern para\d. Observa " eum et audi vocem ejus ; ne contemnendam putes quia " non dimittet cum peccaveris ; et est nomen memn " in illo. Quod si audieris vocem ejus, et feceris omnia '' qufe loquor, inimicus ero inimicis tuis et affligam '' affligentes te. Pi-a3cedetque te Angelus meus," Et post pauca : ■'• Terrorem meum mittam in prrecursum " tuum, cunctormnque inimicormn tuorimi coram te '•' terga vertam. Non ejiciam eos a facie tua anno " uuo, ne teiTa in solitudinem redigatur et crescant " contra te bestir : paullatim expellam eos e con- " spectu tuo, donee augearis et possideas terram."' Et alibi : " Custodi ergo pnvjcepta, et caerimonias, atque judicia," scilicet percepta in forma vivendi, c^erimo- nias in ritu colendi, judicia in censm-a judicandi, " qu?e ego mando tibi hodie ut facias. Si postquam " audieris haec, et custodieris ea, et feceris, custodiet " Dominus Deus tuns tibi pactum, et misericordiam, " quam juravit patribus tuis, et diliget te et multipli- " cabit, benedicetque fructui ventris tui. Benedictus " eris inter omnes populos. Quod si dixeris in eorde " tuo, ' Plures sunt ist?e gentes quam ego ; quomodo po- " ' tero delere eas V noli metuere ; non timebis eos, " quia Dominus tuus in medio tui est ; Deus magnus et " terribilis, ipse consumet nationes in eonspectu tuo 272 AD.E DE MARISCO " paulatim atque per partes. Non poteris cas delere " pariter, ne forte multiplicentur contra te bestial terr». " Dabitque eos Dominiis Deus tuus in conspectu tuo, " et interfieiet illos donee penitiis deleantur ; dabit- " que reges eorum in manus tuas, et disperdes nomina " eorum sub coelo : nullus poterit resistere tibi donee " conteras eos." Ex propositis Divinorum eloquiorum testimoniis pro- fecto cernit illustris vestrse claritatis industria, quod non nisi divinse legis custodia repugnantiam legis Divin^e poterit edomare. Quis enim ambigit, prse- terquam is quern obtenebravit perfidite caligo, quin rabiem immanem crudelium misericordium benigna mansuetudo subigat ; quin fallacem calliditatem per- ditorum fidelium simplicitas veridica refellat ; quin ini- quam persuasionem diripientium distribuentium largitio recta obtineat ; quin inquietam perniciem discordium concordantium pacifica sedulitas triumphet ? Hsec est certe superni regiminis provida moderatio, per quam sudoris vestri vigor invictus, in virtutibus misericordise et veritatis, justitise et pacis, crudelitatum et seduc- tionum, rapacitatum et discidiorum,' vitia superabit. Sed numquid impetu subitaneo, et non dispensativo tractu ? " Non ejiciam eos a facie tua anno uno, ne " terra in solitudinem redigatur et crescant contra te " bestite ; paulatim expellam eos de conspectu tuo, *' donee augearis et possideas terram." Ait ergo, " Non poteritis eos delere pariter," ne cessante hos- tilitatum incursu velut solitudo terra sileat, et tam facinorum quam flagitiorum djemoniales bestiie per otiosam lascivientis ineptise vecordiam et crescant et multiplicentur contra te, animorum vim evacu- antes, et enervantes robur corporum, et, quod absit, parta laudabiliter, vituperabiliter collabantur. ' diicidiotium, MS, EPISTOL.E. 273 Quill potius militia triuinplialis castigata pavore sol- licito, et vigenti exercitior oborata, non tarn in propria streniiitate gratiose consistat, quam proficiat gloriosius ex perversitate aliena. Huic accedit evidenter illud beati Augustini, [in] libro De Civitate Dei,' quod prn- dentia Scipionis " nolebat iiemulam dim imperii Romani " armis subactam Carthaginem dirui, et decernenti ut " dii'ueretur contradicebat Catonis astutiae, timens infir- " mis animis liostem securitatem, et tanqviam pupillis " civibus idoneum tutorem necessarium videns esse ter- " rorem. Nee eum fefellit sententia reijjsa quantum et " quam vere diceret ; deleta quippe Carthagine, magno " scilicet terrore Romans reipublicas depulso atque ex- " tine to, tanta de rebus prosperis orta mala continue " subsecuta sunt, ut corrupta disrupta est concordia, prius '' Sfevis cruentisque seditionibus, deinde mox malai'um '•' connexione causarum ; bellis etiam civilibus tantre stra- " ges ederentur, tantus sanguis effunderetur, tanta cu- " piditate proscriptionum ac rapinarum ferveret imma- " iiitas, ut Romani illi qui vita integriore mala metuebant " ab hostibus, perdita integritate ritve crudeliora pa- " terentur a civibus." Et quibusdam interpositis: "Ava- '•' rus vero luxuriosusque populus secundis rebus effectus " est, quod Scipio Nasica ille providentissime cavendum " esse censebat, quando civitatem liostium maximam, '• fortissimam, opulentissimam nolebat auferri, ut timore " libido premeretur, libido pressa non luxuriaretur, lux- " uriaque prohibita nee avaritia gi-assaretur ; quibus " vitiis obseratis civitati utilis virtus floreret et cres- " ceret, eique virtuti libertas congrua permaneret/' ' Igitiu" si auctoritatum sententiis, si rationum efficaciis, si sapientum exemplis acquiescimus, clementem Divini - moderaminis ordinationem circa vestram vigilare prsesu- mimus discretionem, potissimum ex hoc, quod hostes profani rupti foederis maligna molimina tranquillitati perturbandfe conantur excitare. Proinde si ad Altissi- ' Quoted with little variation from I. 30. ] - DiviiKF, MS. 27-i AD^ DE MARISCO mum timoraiam devotionem, si ad ecclesiam piam {Bmiilationem, si ad proceres socialem honorationem, si ad tirones munificam subventionem, si ad plebes regi- tm'am defensionem, si ad calamitosos affliientem mise- rationem, si ad modestos favorabilem benevolentiam, si ad foederatos inviolatam pactionem, si ad discolos dis- trictam coercionem, si ad universos ordinatam dilectio- nem, procurantes omnimodis et adjutoria valida, et consilia diserfca, et mmida miiiisteria, et judicia exami- nata, perseveranter servaveiitis et inter terrificos tuba- rum clangores, et inter horribiles conclamantium vocife- rationes, et inter diros armorum stridores, inter stipa- tos castrorum congressus et inter ptecipites corruentimn occasus, et inter profluos sauciorum cruores, et inter miserabiles morientium ululatus, de adversariis profecto illud divinitus implebitur : " Fugit impius nemine per- " sequente ;" de vobis vero, " Justus ut leo confidens " absque terrore erit." Quod si ducem magnanimum salvandis hominibus rebus liumanis contingat excidere, quid unquam pestimabitur aut gloriosius, aut decentiua, aut salutarius, quam propter causam vivendi, vivendi finem facere. Succingo sermonem, sciens quod in cartulis alias ves- trpe discretioni destinatis, licet minus eleganter, non tamen inaniter characteres pinxerim ; nihil scribere non permisit amoris soUiciti pavens afFectio. Cseterum cum attonita mente consideramus fulgurantem Lastam Divinas districtionis, sseculis omnibus inauditas formidandarum ultionum immensitates his diebus exercentem, et super pra^latum et super cleros, et super principes et super populum, qufe et summa rerum culmina et dejecit, et dissipavit, et attrivit ; quid aliud quam desipientia hu- manitatis revocatur ad Divinitatis sapientiam, quce at- tingit a fine usque ad finem fortiter et disponit omnia suaviter ? De tam necessario salutis negotio quod nostis in regno Anglian operando, cujus mora summimi indubi- tauter trahit periculum, dolendum fore permaxime cen- seo, a.sjjicieus illnd nescio quo frustratum in Omnipo- EPISTOLyE. 275 tentis juclicio, Occiirrit quiddam arctius eminentiiio vcs- Warns him tra3 cominendanduni, licet inagrianimitatis sit conceptuin speakin"- corde sermonem, liberiori audentia, non habito persona- too opeuly. rum delectii, patenter proferrc, tarn en omnimodis oppor- tunum est niagnanimo intra cordis domicilium linguro motus raoderari, ne dum immoderatius lit libet laxata locutio ad oftensam provocat, magnifica magnanimaruni virtutum opera priepediantur ; propter quod ait Dei sapientia : " In ore fatuorum cor eorum, et in corde " sapientuin os illorum ; ,totum spiritum suuni profert " stultus, sapiens differt et reservat in posterum. " Homo sapiens tacebit usque ad tempus, lascivus " autem et imprudens non servabunt tempus." At- tendendum quoque non segniter puto, quod tarn in di\dnis quam in humanis litteris inter virtutum ex- cellentias, loquendi circumspectio vigilantiori com- mendatione prrecipitm*, cum inconsideratio sermocinandi secundum sapienti?e testimonia et religionem divinam et liumanam necessitudinem perniciosius evertere dig- noscitur. Circa festum Sancti Lucse indignationis regime motus Has incur- incurri, ut reor, propter verba vitse. Unde nee ad Kind's dis- praesentiam domini regis aut reginre mihi fas est ac- ple'isui-efor cedere ; fiat voluntas Domini. Mitto vobis transcrip- preached tum litterarum papalium pro lamentabili depopulatione ^^ p; partium Antiochensium domino Cantuarise directarum, day. Oct. si forte tantse liostilitatis vastitatem Terrse Sanctis ^^* tam periculose imminentem, aut famse relatio aut sig- natio litterre nondum ad vos usque detulerit ; tran- scriptum etiam litterje mihi a domino Cantuarise pro memorato negotio transmissse, cui ego litteratorie cum quanta valui instantia supplicavi, ut me a memorata commissione exoneraret, et illam in aliquem praelatorum Anglise transferret : mitto, inquam, memoratam Ktte- ram milii directam, ut si opus fuerit ope vestra liberari insufficientia mea valeat a tam molesto gravamine. In confectione autem prcesentium adhuc ipsius responsum super hoc expectavi. s 2 276 AD^ DE MARISCO Gavisus sum cum iiitellexi quod caiissiinus frater Greo-orius de Bosell de Lugduno in Vasconiam ad vos profectus fuisset, qui tam vobis quam domina^ com- itissaj, quam et ceeteris vos contiiigentibus, providum sicut vobis in Gliristo devotissimus poterit auxilium exbibere. Et cuni sit prudens eloquii mystici minus curandum putavi explanandis Scriptm'?e testimoniis superius positis insistere. Contristaret excessus pipe recordationis magistri Radulfi de Cantuaria, ^ ni ad Ifetificandum occurreret videlicet prresumptio, quod in conspectu Domini pretiosa sit mors ipsius quam pra3- cessit usque ad exitum vita laudabilis. Poterit autem vestra discretio, si placet, cum domina comitissa et fratre Gregorio milii signare quod expedire videatur de successore eidem substituendo, necnon de personis ad ministerium vestrum evocandis, ne in liac parte tfedium inferat diutm'nior expectatio certitudinis. Non sine causa vestram exhortor in Cbristo . pieta- tem, anxissinie obsecrans quatenus scribere velitis Ricardo de Averinges,- ut non permittat ministeriales viros in Aiigiia, quibus est rerum commissa custodia, animas pro quibus mortuus est Auctor Vitse perneca- bditer trucidare. Conservet inter mimdanse vicissitu- dinis pei'icula serenam sublimitatem vestram ad gloriam sui nominis Altissimus, in Cbristo Jesu semper et bea- tissima Virgine. Valet dominus Lincolnise. Valent illustres liberi vestri, sit Salvatori superexaltata benedictio. CXLIV. Illustri domino S. Coviiti Leycestriw Frater Ada. Regretshis Satis est mibi molestum quod vobiscum et cum ment aTnot Nomina comitissa loqui non potui bactenus sicut optavi. ' See p. 22r>. j 2 Aii'^iges, MS. EP1ST0L.E. 277 Sed si dilationem praisentem pia patientia perferamus, seeing the spero indubitanter quod expectatio cedet ad salutem et j^g j^g jj^j complacentiam, Salvatore melius dispouente secundum expected. occultum sui bene})laciti, quam secundum planum nostri ^ritj, ^^ desiderii. Cjeterum super negotio, quod nostis, videtur '''™ ™o^^ . . . explicitly mihi nihil fore scribendum, hac \dce, preesertim cum for fear of agatur de re maxima, et bine speretur salus summa, ^^'"S ^*^" iUinc vero timeantur extrema pericula, et secundum sensuni sa})ientis mortua littera miicum sensum prte- ferat, vox autem viva plures formas demonstrat, et nullatenus muta scriptura sic respondere valet sollicitis interrogationibus sicut potest sermonis multiplicitas. Et scio certissime quod nullo modo innotescunt aut tam prudenter aut tam salubriter ea quse smit agenda maxime circa res grandes per characteres scripturse, quse copiose et utiliter per diligentiam tractatuum et multiformitatem discussionum ex illuminationibus patefiunt Divinre clementise, cum honor Dei sincere quasritur et propter vitam seternam laboratur. Noime propterea et beati Apostoli, quorum unusquisque insesti- mabilem Spiritus Sancti affluentiam suscepit, et tota ecclesiasticarum personarum discretio et mundi prin- cipes, qui tanta splenduerunt sapientia, et populonun ssecularium conciones, a temporum exordiis per colloqui- orum vivaces disquisitiones ea quae recta smit investi- gare non desistunt, et ea qu^e exsequenda sunt dispo* nunt. Proinde rogo vestri» non displiceat serenitati, si de illo facto tam ambiguae formiduiis, secundum quod voluistis non rescribo, quia nullo modo video expedire, ne forte per aliquam incmiam, quam nescio cavere, per scriptum causis salutaribus, quod absit, inge- ratiu" irreparabilis detrimenti periculmn. Grates vobis refero, quod mihi communlcare voluistis rumores Terrse Sancta?, quamvis pliu-imum tristes et permaxime timendas. Valete semper in Christo et beatissima Virgine. Habetis praesentiam dominonun Lincolniae, Wygorniae, Fratris Gregorii, in quil)us, ut 278 AD.E DE MARISCO CTed(i, est spiritus consilii, qui vobis, Diviiiltate pro- pitia, satisfacere poterimt longe melius quam mea in- sufficientia super requisitiS; prfesertim qua3 cUfFerri ne- quemib. Iterum valeat, etc. CXLV. V iUustrl vlrOy domino S. Comitl Leycestrlce, Frater Ada scdutem hi Domino. The defeat Terrifica diri fulminis tonitrua nostris auribus passim ofLouislx. inrresta, proli dolor ! de sancto rege Francife, imo de at aiansou- o > r- ■ r\ • • /-\ rah, A.D. negotio Domiiii sseculorum, O gemitus ! O suspiria ! O ^~^^' singultus ! a,ngustise; ob immanitatem liorroris, et voces lamento cougruentes premunt et exprimunt insiccabiles lacrymanmi inundationes. Cujus eiiim vel execrabilem aiiimam non constemat, adeo quod ultra non sit spiri- tus, cum considerat felicissimum Catholicorum poten- tatuum regem, victoriosos castrorum fidelium duces, bellicosos Christiani cei-taminis proceres, prpevalidos de- votee militia populos, qui cum tanta fidei certitudine, cum tanta fortitudine fiducipe, cvim tanto dilectionis fervore, cum tanto timore Divinitatis, cum tam potenti virtute, sollicitudine tam vigili, tam pia semulatione, constantia tam longanimi, ad hoc se accingere merue- i-mit inspirati divinitus, ut pulsis hostibus regni Dei, ad divinam formam vivendi, ad divinam censuram judi- candi, ad divinum ritum colendi, restituerent hferedi- tatem Dei ; et profusas opum copias exponentes, et ar- mantes robustos bellatorum exercitus, et gravidas clas- sium midtitudines instruentes, et jura coelestis imperii latins distendentes ? Quis, inquam, post tot stupores miraculoruni, post tot discriminum terrores, post tot sudores proeliorum, post tot gentium strages, ista vel cecutiens conspicatur et non scissi pectoris corde saucio, pallidi vultus sanguine exinanitij sub ferali barbaricfe EPISTOL/E. 279 iiirocitaiis raljie, ct iiuukUuuc vastitutis gluriaiii, ct keti- tiam orbis Christiani, et ecclesiasticse salutis protcctio- ]iem, et defensionem sanctitatis coelicac, tarn spectabilem regia3 celsitudinis majestatem tarn ignoniiniose captivari, tain triiimplialem inclytpe expeditionis multitudinem tain calaniitose trucidari, et universam liiimani status excellentiani in tanti liorroris subversionein pra3cipitari, desolati nioeroris inconsola,bili plaiictu iion deplorat ? Quis liinc ferre valebit et insultationes perfidorum, et siibsannantium irrisiones, et scandala credentiuni, et sanctoniin blasphemias? Non enim frustra judicat Do- minus, nee Omnipotens subvertit quod justuin est. Nonne cum flagello attrivisset et sublevasset in bene- ficium incorrigibilem Pharaonis pervicaciam ipsain no- vissinie iminutabili liorrendaB mortis sententia dissipa- vit? Nonne Joram regem Israel, postquam ipsius per- Hdiam severitatis justse verberibus castigavit et relevavit blandimentis pia3 consolationis, tamen cum interitus atrocissimi supplicio, ipsum et universam cognationem per inauditre stragis effrtenationem a facie terrse dele- vit ? Numquid Is, apud quem non est transmutatio nee vicissitudinis obumbratio antiquam consiliorum ordinationem poterit mutare ? Absit ; hcec breviter per- stiinxerim ut ea soUerti prudentiae vestrse conside- rationi pertractanda pe ; ^ verum ut video et animosuin et circumspectum et benevolum, erga vos quoque suaviter affectiim vellem in fide et lenitate. Valeat, etc. ' Here the vellum has been cut for half a line. The Avords omitted, of Avhich only some points appear, being the names of persons known to the Earl, -which the writer did not wish to betray (?) 280 ADJ; DE MARISCO The true motives and pur- poses of victory. CXLVI. Illustri vivo, domino S. Comiti Leycedria', Fratcr Ada salidem in Domino. Notum est miiversis, quos rationis expertes non vexat insaiiia, quia periculosa laboris bellici certamina et dio-num initiuui, et justuin processum, et salutarem exitum sortiri divinitus cognoscuntiir, cum et virtus impavida et sensus inerratus vel disertus, et zelus devotus, per omnia satagit ut subactis pite pacis hostibus, ordinate, pacifice Dei popidus quod prud enter discernit gerit fortiter, temperanter coliibet, distribuit innocenter ad cultum summse Divinitatis, ubi pax nihil aliud est quam ordinatissima et concordatissima jucun- ditas fruendi Deo et invicem in Deo ; ilium videlicet felicitatis linem indesinenter referat, ubi est Deus bene- dictus, Deus beatus Salvator, rex pacificus, omnia in omnibus, seternitate certa, pace perfecta, secundum pr?e- libationem in terris et secundum satietatem in excel sis. Quid enim aliud docemur in illo monarcliise mmidialis principe, qui ait : " Cum pluribus gentibus imperarem " et universum mese ditioni subjugassem, volui nequa- " quam potentife abuti magnitudine, sed dementia et " lenitate gubernare subjectos, ut absque ullo tcrrore " vitam silentio transigentes optata cmictis mortalibus '• pace fruerentur." Ad hoc sane secundum supernarum legum decreta desudant exercitia proelioimm, ut regiii Dei adversaries feiTum edomet, quos verbum non a^men- dat, et instar viventium in polo disponantur degentes in solo. Sed quid ? Qualiter hoc fieri continget ? Profecto non aliter nisi ut secundum exempla castrorum trium- phalium, tam gloriam Dei et populi liberationem pemu- lantium, in confessione propriarum iniquitatum et di\dnanmi bonitatum consideratione, cum gratissimis lacrymarum profusioiiibus, hominibus insufficientiam EPISTOL^. 281 et oinuipotentiam Creator! rependamus incessanter cuui illis de quibus canit tain solempniter ecclesia : "In " hymnis et confessionibus benedicebant Doiniiunn, ({ui " luafjna fecit in Israel, et victoriam dedit illis D(nni- " luis Omnipotens." Nnnquani, oro, clementissimi cor- dis catholica magnanimitas Iiorum sustineat oblivisci. Dominus rex, dominus arcliiepiscopns, domina regina, The king R. comes, dominus Petrus de Sabaudia, cgeterique non- Qobjjity nulli prrelatorum et procerum erga personam vestram better in- in Anglia, sicut ex evidentibus sermonum indiciis con- ^jj^ ggrl iici potest, Iono;e sereniorem soli to, sit benedictus Deus than for- .... . merly. pacis et dilectionis, concepei'unt benevolentiam. Cum liberaliter concessisset carissimus pater fratrum Greg, de minorum, Anglire minister, ut Frater Gregorius de ^^^ attend " Bosell, vobis et vestris in Christo fidelissimus, ad vos the earl at venire acceleraret juxta quod domina comitissa requisivit, ^ quoniam ego instanti anno lecturus Oxonia3 nullatenu.s evadere potui quin, suspensa lectione, domino arcliiepis- copo Cantuarife assisterem, nisi per fratrem Gregorium absenticG meng defectus suppleretur, cum magna de be- nignitatis v-estrte discretione fiducia ordinatum est, ut me, secundum quod Dominus dederit, impendente erudi- tionem Oxoni?e, memoratus Frater Gregorius stet cum pnefato domino Cantuaripe ; unde dilata est ad prjesens ejus ad vos profectio, impleturi per Dei gratiam bene- placitum vestri opportuniori tempore. Ab aliquot diebus intimis visceribus flagrans desiderium, ut spero, ccelitus, <5oncepi desiderabili serenitatis vestraj frui colloquio, con- iidens de gratia clementissimi Salvatoris, quod per in- violabilem fidei vestrte serenitatem, adjutoriinn pariter et consilium, peccatis meis non obsistentilms, divinitus prsestabitur, ut per viam rectitudinis proficiam ad tarn diu suspiratam pacis divinse felicitatem. Licet pei' in- effabilem illiv^s clementiam, cujus proprium est misereri temper et parcere, coelestium illuminationum eventus miracidosi orbem Christianum his diebus Ifetificaverint, tamen plurimum formidandum fore creditur, quod nisi vias suas catholica fideUvun uationum cum dignis pceni- 282 AD.E DE jMARISCO teutia3 fructibus, et nequaquani, uL est lioclie, addeus prpevaricationem, coiTexerit ecclesia, implebit Divinoruni judiciorum dii-a districtio, quod scriptuni est : " Ante " ruiiiam exaltatur cor, et extrema gaudii liictus " occupat." CXLVII IlliLsti'l vli'o et domino suo Petro de Sahaudla Fixdcr Ada, post lahoriosa certaminis discrimina tr'ium- ]jhalia felicitatis 'prceifYiia. Eegivis Nequaquam mirandum est si anxiorem saucio cordi that the Earl of molestiam littera vestme dominationis ingesserit, insi- Cornwall nuaiis ciuod inclvtus comes Comubije tantain maximi hasaclvised .. ^ . "^ delay in a negotii cogentiam prorogandam censuit per tarn business of j-^-^r^^-j^^^j-^^ iieiiculosi teiiiporis intervallum. Aue'ineiitavit great im- ... portance. etenim quam plurimum angustiam, quod ad memoratuni uegotium salubriter expediendum summe necessarium, nobilitatis vestrpe prtesentiam, quaiitacunque rerum magTiitudo subducit, sicut reor, cum non mediocri sa- lutis optata? detrimento. Sed quid ? Contra formidabile.s ambiguonnn eventuum exitus hoc infallibile semper recurrit remedium, quod secundum salutaria exempla viromm triumphalium Illi diligentia indefessa suppli- cetur, de quo scriptum est : " Tu autem, Domine vir- " tutis, cum tranquillitate judicas, et cum magna re- " verentia disponis qu?e circa nos." Cum etenim ig- noramus quid agere debeamus, omneni soUicitudinem nostram in Ipsum projiciamus, qui amat animas. Hsec est certe sapientire ccelestis dispensatio, ut nonnunquam presidium auferat humanum desperabili causarum diffi- cultati, quibus magnifice disponit divinum prsestare patrocinium cunctis sfeculis, perpetua clamante vigilantia, *' Cum placuerint Domino vise hominis, inimicos quo- " que ejus convertet ad pacem." C?eterum, quales, obsecro, benignissimte serenitati gratiaimm actiones modicitatis mete poterit referre devotio, per quam tam exilis meriti EPISTOL/E. 2So pauperculae tantae dignationis benevolentiain tain libera- liter scribere voliiistis ? De his hactenus. Ad hoc, O domme desideratissime, annon nefarium judicabitur, jiixta quod persuadent ex- empla nobilium, convincunt efficaci?B rationum, pnuci- piunt auctoritates sapientmn, si quos et dignitas sanguinis, et claritas ingenii, et strenuitas militire titulis ilkistrant clarioribus, nequaquam et irreprehensibilis forma vivendi et inflexibihs censura judicandi et inviolabilis ritus co- lendi, spectabilioriljiis insigniant virtutibiis ? Quale nam- que fore putabitur si, quod absit, quern naturae gloria honorandum sublimavit, hunc dejieiat conculcandum ig- nominia vitiorum ? Studeat, ergo, jngiter eximia vestrie serenitatis industria, ut eidem sit facies hilaris ; hoc est ^ sint oculi pudici, sint aures disciplinatte, sit lingua dis- creta, sint manus validae, sint pedes honesti, sit pectus pium, sit cor latum, sit conscientia pura, sit gestus ma- turus, sit habitus moderatus, sit opinio Integra, sint consi- liarii fideles, sint ministri sinceri. Apex quoque vester ■sit devotus ad praelatos, sit fidus ad principes, sit con- sultus ad proceres, sit socialis ad milites, sit affabilis ad plebes, sit amabilis ad omnes, sit severus ad rebelles, sit suavis ad unanimos, et ut sit ad unum dicere, servetur ad superiores obedientia et reverentia, ad compares honor et amicitia, ad subditos miseratio et munificentia. Hsec idcirco sub modulo brevitatis perstrinxerim, ut qualitercunque commonefiat ingenuse mentis erainentia, [inter] tam grandium occupationum turbamiiia, sicut sapientis monet eloquium, qui ait : " Da " occasionem sapienti et sapientior erit." Propter quod oro pia suscipiat dignatio quod sollicita pr?esumpsit atfectio ; licet sermo conceptus in prolixum extendi conaretur, compescuit calamum ad succingendam epis- tolam temporis angustia. Ad magnificse reginae famulatum, quamvis non sulH=' ciam ut jussistis, quantum tamen valuero, prout divi- ' h, only in the MS. ; i.e. hoci 284< AD^ DE MARISCO nitus dabitur, operam adhibebo sedulcB promptitudinis Concedat, oro, vestrte nobilitatis vigilantise Dei Altis- simus Filius, ut in omnibus qme prudenter discernitis agitis fortiter, cohibetis temperanter justeque distribuitis, ad ilium linem referatis, in quo est Deus omnia in omnibus, ieternitate certa et pace perfecta, in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine, Propter formidandam examinis districti sententiam, cum accesserit opportuni- tas, sic provideatis sanctuario Domini, ut exclusa peni- tus mundanas considerationis necessitudine, ne ad curam animarura, pro quibus benedictus Salvator pio cruore vivificfe crucis rubricavit patibulum, unquam prs^sentare consentiatis nisi quos ad hoc superna dispensatio decernit evocandos, dicens : " Date e vobis " viros sapientes et gnaros, quorum conversatio sit " probata in tribubus suis, et dabo vobis eos principes." Iterum et in luternum valeatis. Eecom- mends Peter de Stamford, warden of the hospital of Luter- ■wrthe for the living of Soleby. CXLVIIL Kobili vivo, domino G. Dispoisatorl, Frater Ada salutenn, et post gratiam vitce temporalis gloriam CBternm felicitatis} Benedicta sit Salvatoris dementia, qu?e salvandis animabus vobis inspiravit salutis consilium. Igitur serenitatis vestmc litteram, tarn honoris divini devotum amorem, quam pium desiderium ecclesiasticfe promo- tionis proferentem, digno suscipiens^ gaudio, post diu- tinam deliberationem, quam nimirum tantfB rei requi- rebat periculum, dominum Petrum presby terum '^ custo- dem Hospitalis de Luterwrthe, virum honesta conver- Satione laudabilem, et in animarum regimine probatum, coelesti scientia pncditum, et in exteriorum pietate ' See p. 174 and note, - siisciperc, MS. ' Peter dc Stamford, kimhtol.t:. 28i spectabileni, (loiniuatiuiiis vestrre discretioni, juxta te- iiorem inaiidati vestri, desiguare curavi pra3.sentaiidimi, Diviuitatti propitia,, si vestnc benignitatis sederit beue- placito, propter conteiii})lati()nein Divini Nominis ad ecclesiam illam de qua iiiodicitati inese tarn pio coii- ceptu scribere voluistis. Valeat vestra3 nobilitatis incolumitas in Cliristo sem- per et beatissima Virorjne. CXLIX. Nobili vivo, domino Jolianni da Lexinton, Domini Regis Justitiario, Frater Ada salutem, et in veritate judicii misericord iw mansiietiidinem? Licet modicitatem meam meritorum pauperies revo- In behalf caverit, tamen serenitatis vestrte clementiam ob claram deMav-iTco. illustris animte pietatem, quam erga ine, sit vobis sem- piterna retributio, perpend i fuisse serenam, fiducialiter interpellare ^ consensi. Proinde serenitatis vestrte sup- plico benevolentise, rogans obnixius quatenus Thomre de Marisco, consanguineo meo, vestrse dominationi supplicius obnoxio, in negotio suo, quod ipse vestra? discretioni, si placet, viva voce exposi turns est, quate- nus justitioe non obvenitur et inlijieretur miserationi, propensioris gratire favorem benevolum impartiri non ducatis indignum, Valeat pietatis vestrte incolumitas, etc. ' Jo. of Lexintoa was Justice of Novel Disseisin in July, 39 Hen. III., and Keeper of the Great Seal in 1249. He was an acquaintance of the chronicler, ISIatthew Paris, p. 8G9- - interpcllari, MS. 28G AD^E DE MARISCO CL. TorS. Druel, Knt. Nohili vivo, domino W. de Bella Cam^yo, Fratev Ada salutem, et sincerum in Domino debitw dilec- tionis affectum.^ Ad piam carissimorum fratrum instantiam pro dilecto mihi in Christo S. Druel,- milite vestro, serenitati ves- trre prjBseiitem consensi dirigere petition em, rogans Im- iniliter, quatenus eundem in negotio suo, quod in curia vestra liabet expedire, quatenus misericordia servatur et justitia non offenditur, benigni favoris gratiam impartiri velitis, nequaquam si placet prassumptioni ascribentes quod pro vestro milite qualiscunque vester vestram interpellat nobilitatem. Valeat serenitatis vestrae incolumitas in Christo, etc.^ CLL Venerahili Domiiuc Prior issce de Oodestoive Frater Ada salutem, et iwomptum sincerm dilectionis affectum. Eequesting Ex ilia, quam de vestram religionis pietate, licet im- ^*^i u d^^ meritus, in Christo concepi fiduciam, apud discretionis William of benevolentiam, pra3sertim in iis, qua3 et justitia com- Cn-ences- pgjjj^ ^^ requirit honestas, precum rationabilimn eiFectus impetrare non diffido. Proinde vestrae circumspectionis induetriam suppliciter rogo, quatenus viro commendabili, domino Willielmo de Cyrnecestria, super debito quo ei- dem, ut dicitur, obligata ^ tenemini, sine morre dispendio. ' See Epist. CLXV. An entry relating to "W. de Bello Campo, of Bedford, and Ida his wife, will be found in Roberts' Fine Rolls, II. 2r)9, A.D. 1257. See more of him in Appendix, - Sic. * Here a blank of fourteen lines occurs in the MS. and one entire blank reverse. ' Sic. epistolvt;. 287 si placet, satisfacere velitis, ob quod a moclicitate mea beiiignitati vestrae memoratus dominus Willielmus desti- nandam lianc obtinuit petitionem, propensius quippe Ipslus attendenda est reverentia, qui per Ai^ostolum suum cunctis clamat : " Nemiiii quippiam debeatis iii«i " ut invicein diligatis." De Ills hucusque. Ca3teruin eum ad regimen vlrginum sub institutione regular! Deo famulantium vos electio divina vocaverit, quid aliud vestra) satagendum est sanctitati, quam ut sit apud ipsas intriiisecns religio, lion illecta lasciviis, non decepta fallaciis, iioii per- versa iiequitiis, non oppressa violentiis ; sed sit decora per munditiam, sit vivida per industriam ; sed sit Sana per innocentiam ; sed sit valida per constan- tiam.^ Quod ni fiat per vos et tota afiectione, et tota ratione, et tota virtute, ecce coram formidaiido superni examiiiis judicio nullatenus de suscepto minis- terio, ill condemnationem capitis, .Domino Sfeculorum valebitis reddere rationem. Si autem memoratuiii bea- tissimse caritatis studium juxta quod nunc tactmn est implere satageritis, temporalia ad subsidium praesentis miseria3 monasterio vestro exterius adjacentia, et tem- peranter, et prudenter, et aequaliter, et stabiliter admi- nistrari faciet clementise ccelestis benedicta dispensatio, praesentis sermone paterno, qui ait : " Primuni quaerite " regTium Dei, et omnia liEec adjicientur vobis." Valeat professionis vestrae sancta perfectio in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine.^ ' See p. 108. '-' Here follow some French verses, written in a different but contem- porary hand, on the lower half of the MS., which had been left blank, with an entire blank reverse. These verses will be foundin the Appendix. 288 AT>M DE MAEISCO CLIT. JUustrissimce dominoi A., Dei gratia rerjinai Anglioi, domlnce Hyheniiai, dumssoi Normanke, Aqui- tanim, comitlssca Andegaviw, Frater Ada 'pacein in terris et gloriam. He will use his persons may re- main in England as she requests. Quum paratis cordis devoti desideriis inclytse doml- endeavours i^'^^ionis vestrte cupiam in Domino non tarn preces that certain perficere quam parere prteceptis, non aliter, reor, in- sinuari posset, nisi votorum afiectibus, affectimm vices ex a^quo, qnod fieri neqmt, correspondere valerent. Proinde juxta providam reginalis excellentia^ circum- spectionem, si superiorum auctoritas hoc exegerit, ut Angliam exeant ii de quibus per amicissimum in Christo dominum Waltermn de Bradele ^ signare vo- luistis, quoad fieri poterit inofTensa Divinitate, quan- tum suflficiet exilitatis mete possibilitas, ad mutandam ordinationis editfe sententiam operam dare curabo ; sci- ens quod jugiter illo tendit serenitatis vestrte clemen- tissima sollicitudo quo requisitio compellit justre neces- sitatis, aut utilitatis pi re deducit intentio. Concedat, oro, altLssima Dei benedicti prsedestinatio domino regi, vestrpe pietati, clarissimis liberis vestris, et sublimitatem potentire, et profunditatem sapientife, et latitudinem innocentife, et longitudinem permanen- ti{B, ad gloriam sui Nominis et regni vestri salutem in Christo Jesu semper, etc. ' See Epist. CX. He was keeper of the Queen's -wardrote. A pay- ment is made to him as such, of fifty marks, A.D. 1 254. See Eoberts' Fine Eolls, II. 18C. According to Mat. Paris (p. 9 1 8) he was also the Queen's Treasurer, and died in 1255. Mrs- Green considers this letter to have been written in 1253. Princesses, II. 105. EPISTOL^. 289 CLIIL Excellentisslmce Dominm A., Del gratia regince Anglice, dominco Hyheruicu, ducissce ' Normaniw, Aqui^ tanice, et comitissce Andegavice, Frater Ada salu- tem, tranquillitatem in temipore gratiosam, et glorlosain in ceternitate felicitatem. Cum apud liberalem cordis latissinii magnificen- Requests tifim amplius pietatis inclinatio provocet ad inter- ae Hamp- pellandum, quam ab interpellando revocet celsitudo *°" "^^^ ^^ majestatis, in necessariis salutarium causarum articulis into the ad clementiam vestram coufidenter recurrit devotoriim 5'^Tl^^''^ St. John of vestrorum qualiscunque modicitas. Proinde placidam sub- Jerusalem. limitatis vestrse serenitatem humiliter rogo, supplicans attentius quatenus pro domino Willielmo de Hampton, - quem inspirationis divina3 cceleste desiderium flagrantius accendit, de consueta clarissimse dignitatis benevolentia apud honorabilem virum dominum Robertum de Man- neby,^ magistrum Fratrum Hospitalis Jerosolymi- tanis in Anglia, speciali'* vel litterse vel vocis inter- ventione dignum ducatis, ob Salvatoris contempla- tionem satagere, ut memoratus dominus Willielmus in sacram prsefatorum fratrum religionem, intemeratis per omnia tam evangelicis sanctionibus quam tradi- tionibus canonicis, sine ulterioris morjie dispendio, sub ' duce, MS. ^ This is a remarkable name in connexion -with the Hospitallers. See Larkiug's Hospitallers in England, p. 31. 194. Dugdale states that in 1245 the Templars and Hospitallers ■were admitting a number of laymen into their Society for succour of the Holy Land. — Baron. I. 763. ^ Among the Eoyal letters in the Record Office is one from this Robert Manneby, Prior of the Hos- pital of St. John, to Nicholas, Archdeacon of Ely. No. 150. He must have been the man of whom Matthew Paris, -without mentioning the name, tells a noteworthy anec- dote in the year 1252, p. 854. * spirituali, MS. 200 ADM DE MARISCO salubri recipi valeat observantia ; tanto, si placet, prse- sentem religiosse petitionis devotionem propensiori pro- seqiientes gi-atia, quanto beiiignius alias sit vestrse dignatioiii semjoiterna retributio, pro eodem W., eidem domino E., super eodem negotio petitoriam dirigere consensistis. Conservet dominum regem, conservet vestram subli- mitatem, conservet inclytos regni vestri hseredes, omni- potens Rex coeloriim per interventiim Reginse Angelorum. Amen. Dame, si ws a la feste de ceste resurrectiim voilez treiter oueke la contesse de Leycestre ententiuement de la saluatiun des almes as queles tant cun en vos est, ws auez si benettement presente : Je espeii* en la grace le beneit Fiz Den ke il par la vertu de sa gloriuse re- smTectiun i mettra conseil a la glorie de sun num, ke mener ws pusse a la veie de salu pardurable. Amen. Amen. Amen. CLIV. ExcellentissiriicE domince A., Del gratia reginw An- gliw, domince Hyhernice, dAicissce Norinianioi, Aqvbitanioi, coniitissce Andegavice, Frater Ada et in prcesenti iwospevitatem gvatiw, et gloria} felici- tatem in futiivo. lie will Noverit clarissima reginalis eminentise serenitas, quod commands qualiscunque modicitatis mese limnilitas non tam dig- conyeyed nam quam debitam voluntatis in Domino gerit promp- second titudinem, ad obtemperandimi celsitudinis vestrjB bene- time, placito, milii jam secundo per dignationis vestrre litteram insinuato, juxta quod hoc ipsiun et benigna pietas com- pellit clementise, et desideratoB salutis requiiit ministe- rium. Proinde cum propitia Divinitas rebus oppoi-tuni- tatem indulserit, non cunctabor, quantum in me est, vestrae dominationis diligenter imjilere jussionem. EPISTOL.^. 291 Conservetiir, oro, per Reginam Angelornm, regiiiro et sanctus amor, et timor castus Divini Noniinis, ad eccle- sige tedificationem et gubernatioiieni regni per tenipoi-a lons-issima. CLV. Excellentissimce dominw A., Del gratia reginm An- glio!, domince HihernicG, ducissoi Nornianioi, Aqui- tanice, et comitissce Andegaviw, Frater Ada jpacem in terris et gloriam in excelsis. Ecce coram venerandissima vestrse serenitatis celsitu- Re-^rets he dine et cor sauciurn dolor anxiat, et obducit rubor con- cannot fusam faciem, pro eo quod juxta cogentem vestrse jussi- upon her. onis eflicaciam honorabilem magnificse sublimitatis proe- '^^^■^^^^ . . ... of Corn- sentiam, obsistentibus difficilium causarum detinentiis, wall is hac vice personaliter adire non sufficio. Accedit tamen somewhat •'■ , appeased. in liac parte ad meoriim molestaminum qualecmique remedium, quod ad supplices modicitatis mese obsecra- tiones, quas per praesentem litteram humiliter repree- sento, quod implere non valet tristis devotio, dignatio clemens volet ignoscere. In vigilia beati Andrese do- Nov. 29th. minationis vestrse litteram cum ea qua decuit reve- rentia suscepi. Quo die vix raptim propter varias interruptiones potui conficere prcesentia. Cum domino comite Cornubise fui Dominica prima Adventus, cujus motus, ut video, quos ipse in audientia vestra severius expressit, suavior mitigavit conside- ratio. Astruit autem protestatione firmiori suam bene- volentiam cii'ca omnia qu?e contingunt salutem pariter et honorem, sicut dignissimum est, tarn domini regis quam liaeredum suorum. Conservetur, oro, optabilis generositatis vestrje pros- peritas in Clmsto semper et beatissima Virgine.' ' Blaiik of nine lines and blank reverse. T 2 292 AD^ DE MARISCO Thanks her for many acts of kind- ness. Is at Oxford ready to obey her. Wm. Ba- tale is in the con- vent at Northamp- ton waiting the order of his superiors. CLVI. Illustrl domince S.,^ comitisscG Cornuhice, Frater Ada pacem et scdutem in terris, et in codis gloriam et honorem. Pro eo quod exilitatis mea3 statmn et voluntatem sibi prrecepit insinuari serenissima vestrse dominationis eniinentia, licet non ad quantas volo, ad quantas tamen valeo assurgo gratiarum actiones, obsecrans ut quod niea nequit insufficientia superna vobis satisfaciat summre majestatis affluentia, pro multiplici beneficiorum pariter et honorum largitione mihi per innatam benevolentise vestrtie liberalitatem frequentius exliibita. Igitur sit benedictio divino Nomini. Oxoniae cum fratribus ibidem degentibus dies ago in prsesentiarum, corporali sospitate subnixus, ad honorabile sei'enitatis vestras beneplacitum devotam in Domino gerens promptitudinem. Csetermn vestra noverit excellentia carissimum fratrem Willielmum Batale in conventu fratrum minorum Northamptonse de ordinatione superiorum nostrorum, quousque ipsi aliud de ipso statuendum censuerint, secundum religionis nostrfB observantias consistere.^ Valeat inclytus comes dominus vester. Valeat et nobilitatis vestrte prosperitas. Valeant et insignes liberi vestri. Valeat et universa domus vestra. Valeant et cuncti profectus vestros fideli desiderio prosequentes in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. CLVII. Inclytce comitissce domince A., comitissce Leycestvia', Frater Ada salutem. Regrets Benigiiissimam vestrse serenitatis industriam rogo ^i^^n^''*if" '"^^^PP^^citer, ut acceptare velitis dilationem adventus cannot fratris Gregorii de Bosell ad honorabilem excellentise ' Senchia, daughter of Raymond, Earl of Provence, sister to the Queen ; married Rich. E, of Corn- wall, 1243. Dugdale's Baron. I. 1763. - See Enist. CLXXXV. EPISTOL^. 293 vestrse prsesentiara, quern pater venerabilis minister attend her fratrum minorum Anglife licenciavit sui gratia, ut sine '^ P^'''^^°*- morpe dispendio ad vos in Vasconiam proficisceretur ; ordinatum est enim per devotos vestros in Domino nt memoratus frater moretur ad terapus cum domino Cantuaria? propter maxima salutarium cansarum negotia. Ad hsec, quoniam cum prsesentia conficerentur milii non vacavit in prolixum epistolara protraliere, hoc exoro, hoc moneo, hoc adopto, ut ea quse modicitatis mea3 in- sufficientia, vobis quantum sufficit in Christo henevo- lentissima et voce et littera piissimie serenitatis vestraa recoi'dationi curavit frequenter imprimere, sahitari benigni conatus effectu satagatis secundum Deum adim- plere. Desiderabile mihi foret per omnia, si vestro sederet beneplacito, per proximum nuntium a vobis mittendum in Angliam super optabili status vestri, et domini comitis, et domus vestrse, et aliorum vestram dominationem contingentium, litteratorie certificari. Valeat eximia sublimitatis vestrae generositas in Christo, etc. CLVIIL Illustri domince A., Comitissm Leycestfloi, Frater Ada salutem in Domino} Benedicta gloria Domini de loco suo quse et vestram On her non spernit devotionem et orationem respexit, concedens ^°^ ^^' vobis, et a periculis anxioribus liberationem, et ex- ultationem de prole gratiori. Quid ergo ? Hoc super omnia dumtaxat consultum fore dignoscitur, ut et juge divini Nominis prreconium et hiudabilem emendatioris vitfB consortium profectum intentissimo corde de die in diem ccelesti dementias repen damns. Valeat vestra serenitas. Valeant et liberi. Valeant et amici. Valeant et ministri vestri in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. • See Epist. CXXXVI. Mrs. Green refers this event to the bh-th of Eleanor, her youngest ehild and onlj daugh- ter, about Michaelmas, 1252. Lives of Princesses, II. 104. At this period the Countess was at Kenilworthi 294 ADJE DE MARISCO CLIX. InclytcG clominw A., Comitissm Leycestrke, Frater Ada. Urging her Breviter scripsi, quia prolixius scribere non vacavit. ^^r'^M^'b -^-^ ^^^ -^^^ sententia, qua dicitiu', " Faciamus ei adju- servance of " torium simile sibi," evidenter instruimm*, quia uxor dutiLT^ viro districtissime tenetur, et per vigoris coustantiam, et per discretionis prudentiam, et j)er benignitatis clemen- tiam, jugem juvaniinis impendere sedulitatera, ad omnia in quibus, aut Deus colitur, aut juste vivitur, aut recte judicatur. Propter quod omnis anima conjugalis, quse modis omnibus hoc implere non satagit, individuum vitse consortium, in quod secundum legem matrimonii intemerate servandum conjm-avit, damnabiliter violare convincituj*. Cujus prsevaricationis reatum prse cunc- tis mentes incurrere comprobantm-, quae per dsemo- niales irarum furores amantissimam conjugii pacem per- turbare non formidant. Proinde contra tales formidabili- ter illud occuri-it, " Virum stultum, id est, animum, inter- " ficit iracundia et parvulum occidit invidia." Nempe dum per iram mansuetudo amittitur, divin^e imaginis similitudo vitiatur, sapientia perditur, vita amittitui', jus- titia relinquitiu-, socialitas destruitur, coucordia rumpitur, Veritas obumbratm\ De ira rixfe, tumor mentis, con- tumeliae, clamor, indignatio, pusillanimitas, blasphemite proferuntur. Quam necessario sequitur tristitia, de qua malitia, rancor, pusillanimitas, desperatio, torpor circa prsecepta, vagatio mentis erga illicita nascitur. In ira cor palpitat, in concussionem proximi propellit, in maledictionem linguam impingit, mentem-intus devas- tat, odium carissimorum generat et foedus amicitise dis- solvit. Absit ut tam execranda pestis animum, tarn multiplici illustrium titulorum gloria sublimatum, in ignominiam exitialis barathri detestabilem detrudat ! Subveniat, oro, placidissima piissimaa Virginis gratia apud benedictum Auctorem paclfica? dileetionis, ut pax EPISTOL.E. 295 Dei, quee exsiipernt oumem sensum, custodiat cor vestrum et intelligentiam vestram. Nee miretur, obsecro, perspicufe considerationis subfci- Against , . , , . , 1 . • • excess of liias, quod rem acernmam ex sanctorum eloquus acrius dress. sum insecutus. Cseterum, quid cultus lascivior matro- nalem pudicitiam in sinistram ducit suspicionem ? Num- quid non discrepabunt meretricii vultus et facies cas- titatis? Quis est qui lianc insaniam non execratur, qupe cum tantis sumptuum impensis, cum tot minis- trantium occupationibus, indies continuatui", vesanum studium ornatus superflui, per quem et Di\dna Majestas provocatur, et offenduntur aspectvis honesti, nee nisi lenonum placetur petulantiis? An non est Divinitatis injuria, specieni quam venustatis^ decoravit privilegio, nescio quibus ineptiis peregrinfe superinductionis fueare? Audiamus divinos Apostolos, quorum Princeps sic ait: " Mulieres subditse sint viris suis, ut et siqui non " credunt verbo, per midierum conversationem lucrifiant, " eonsiderantes in timore sanctam conversationem. " Quarum sit non extrinsecus cai^illatura aut cii'cum- " datio auri aut indumenti vestimentorum cultus ; sed " qui abseonditus est cordis homo in incorruptibilitate " quieti et modesti spiritus, qui est in conspectu Dei " loeuples." Doctor etenim gentium, qui omnia om- nibus factus est, ut omnes lucrifaceret, cunctis cla- mat mortalibus : " Mulieres in habitu, ornatu, cum " verecundia et sobrietate ornantes se non in tortis " crinibus, aut auro, aut margaritis, vel veste pretiosa ; " sed quod decet mulieres promittentes pietatem per " opera bona." Utinam perspicuum pectus panderet quanta sit anxietas cordi pavido, jDro eo quod oportet dissuadendis tantae perniciei nugacitatibus insistere inter tot salutis negotia, de quibus, nisi per hujuscemodi fatuitates excluderetur, sermo tarn necessarius foret habendus ad splendidissimam vestrse pietatis industriam. ' vcmistavit, MS, 296 AD^ DE MARISCO Non incassum obsecro, propter Dei vulnera, tela coelestis semulationis in sancta vibraverim pr?ecorclia ; confido qnod, Divinitate propitia, de ca3tero penitus in neglectum devenient ob studium lionestte maturitatis^ Inxus pro- fusior ornatus perituri tam diutina protractus - imperitia. Ignoscatur milii, obsecro, quia anxior sollicitudo cala- mum objurgationis asperas, immo salutiferse suasionis, non compescui, cum ignorem utruni in carne morari di- vinitus concedatur quousque desiderabili sublimitatis vestra3 fruar colloquio. Succingo epistolam vel invitus. Esset enim, si daretur opportunitas, super quam plu- rimis tractu prolixiori sermo protendendus. Valeat carissima nobilitas vestra. Yaleatque comes illustris. Valeat et vestri proles eximia. Valeat quoque digna domus vestra in Cbristo semper et beatissima Yirgine. CLX. Ilhistri domince A., Comitissce Leycestrice, Frater Ada salutem in Domino. The diffi- Melius novit vestrse serenitatis industria, quam sit findmga difficile unicum invenire sacerdotem, qualis domino suitable comiti vobisque, et familiie vestrse, foret necessa- h"/serv^e. I'i^^^- Tantum enim talis requirendus esse cognoscitur, qui sit in Sacramento divinis devotus, et strenuus in officiis ecclesiasticis, in moribus honestus et circum- spectus in agendis. Plus autem omnino carendum fore non dubito penitus ecclesias talium hominum ministerio, quam hujusmodi pestes, quales, proli dolor ! communiter aspicitis, in domesticum suscipere contubernium, per SeeGros- q^Q^ et Dei Majestas provocatur, et violatur societas hominum. Nempe tunc in immensum fatuitas pervaga- tur, cum propter reverentiam ordinis stultus ordinatur. Propter hoc non nisi unum in hac parte consilium 'Sic. Qy. matcrj>iki(ix? \ - protcictiis, ISlS. EPISTOL^. 297 valere poterit : videlicet ufc Is suppliciter interpelletiir, qui non judicat secundum faciem, sed intuetur cor, potens de lapidibus suscitare filios Abraliamje. In hoc autem et in aliis statum vestruin contingentibus, si quid apud modicitatem meam esse poterit adjutorii, prout Dominus dederit, libenter laborabo. Parcite mihi, rogo, quoniam ignoro si non quantum res expostulavit et litteris et mandatis vestris responderim ; etsi non ut volui, tamen ut valui. Valete in Cliristo. Tiedium ingerit de facto fratris Johannis tam longa vo- cum vanitas. Salutare erit, puto, si de cfetero quantum ad ilium pertinet totiens preelocuta? rei non difFeratur effectus. Iterum et in aeternum valete. Consultum erit in Domino ut diligenter couferatis cum magistro Radulfo^ et raagistro Wydone, aliisque viris prudentibus et timoratis, de sacerdote idoneo in domum vestram assumendo, cum, sicut prsetactum est, res sit periculosa et difficilis. De profectione vestra erga regnum Anglire, cavendum est omnino ne fiat sine magna deliberatione et provisione discreta, et non debet esse molesta in hoc negotio circumspecta dilatio. CLXI. ExceUenti domlnoi A,, Comitissce Leycestrim, Fratei* Ada scdutem, et iwst mcritorum gratimn gloriani livcumlorum.^ Si inclytus comes, vir ve?;ter, proiiter Dei honorem et '^^'''^* ^° *^i^ ^ • ^ ,,,.. . event of ecclesire salutem, propter ndem domnii regis et popu- the Earl lorum utilitatem, virtute maimifica de Salvatore con- f^.i'^"» i° . , .... his present nsus, quasi desperatum prfegrandis periculi negotium, ad purposes in salvandam memorato domino regi, fratri vestro, et Gascony, ' Ead. of Canterbni-y. See Epist. I on better terms ■with the Earl of CLXI. I Leicestei", and sent him into Gasoony - Probably this letter refers to i to bring it to obedience. — Mat. Paris) the year 1252, when the King was : p. 844. 298 AD.E DE RIARISCO she is to use her efforts to inspire him -with more cautious counsels. bgeredibus siiis, terram Vasconise, ex deliberato discre- torum tractatuum consilio, per Divinmii adjutoriiim, de quo spero indiibitanter quod ad laudabilem per- ducetur consummationem, assumpsit magnifice, vestrEe serenitati necnon et universis, memorato comiti fideli dilectiono copulatis, in l^etam Divinitatis laudem glori- fice debent assm^gere. Quod si per inconsiderationem humanam, tamen ex inteutione laudabili, aut pactiones, a,ut foedera, aut contractus, minus quani oporteret assecu- ratus/ cmn immoderatiori pecimiarum efFusione, tamen ut videtm* rerum necessitate coactus iiiierit, vestrum erit per piissimam benignfe crrcumspectionis industriam, penitus semotis ii-ritantium rixarum contentionibus, in spiritu lenitatis ipsum ad cautius negotiandum de ctetero per tranquillitatem consiliorum dirigere. Super eo quod mandastis, de fratre Gregorio, loquar Domino propitio, in brevi, cum mihi concedetur oppor- tunitas. Benedictus Dei Filius, valet dominus Lincobiise. Valent et inclyti liberi vestri jugiter de bono in melius proficientes. Concessit mihi dornina regina quod ageret apud magistrum Hugonem de Mortuo Mari,- ut ad tem- pus in pace dimittat magistrum Radulfum de Can- tuaria et dominum Willielmum de la Hose. Quid inde liet nescio. Valeat nobilitatis vestree dignissima sinceritas in Chris to semper et beatissima Virgine. Statum do- mini regis, dominse reginee, pra?latorum et procerum, cleri et populi, in regno Anglise, dominus Johannes de la Haye^ dominationi vestrpe melius insinuare valebit. Iterum et in seternum valeatis. ' Sic, MS. 2 Official to Abp, Boniface about 124.5, a native of Poitou. He was very active in imposing tallies and exactions on the clergy. See the passage from Somner in the Appen- dix to this volume and Epist. CXXXIII. Mat. Paris tells a story of his imperiousness in 1255, p. 905. 3 See p. 2C8. John de la Haye does fealty for the lands held by his father Ealph in Lincolnshire, 38 Hen. ni., A.U. 1254. Of this strenuous adherent to the House of Leicester, see Mrs. Green's Prin- cesses, n. 150. EPISTOL/E. 290 CLXII. Excellenti dominw A., Comitlssce Leycestrice, Frater Ada salutem et laudabiles conslliorum saluhriuiii effectus. Tactxis dolore cordis intrmsecus, et forls faciei rubore Regrets to suffusiis, jam a diebus pkiribiis inbonestioribus famre reports of crebrescentibus molestiis, super dedecentiis statum ves- l^^r. trmn maculantibiis non mediocriter audivi, qu33 mens amaiicata nee immerito plangere non cessat. Quam- obrem ob contemplationem Salvatoris, qni ciun sit Pater misericordiarum et Deus totiiis consolationis, venien- tem ad se non ejicit foras, ciii dictum est, " Mise- " reris omnium, quia omnia potes, et dissimulas peccata " hominum propter pcenitentiam, parcis autem omnibus " quse tua sunt, Domine, qui amas animas ;" rogo, moneo, et adjuro, ut de caetero benefacientes midtipli- cibus honestatum incrementis, et conscientiam serenare coram Altissimo, et ad homines opinionem reformare studeatis, modis omnibus in iis qua3 virum vestrum, et liberos vestros, familiam vestram, et communiter proxi- mos vestros contingunt ; vigiiantei', rationabiliter, et pacifice, secimdum exempla matronarum laudabilium ^'osmetipsas jugiter exhibentes. Scitm-se quod ego, cum cfeteris amicis vestris, secundum quod Divinitati placu- erit et expedire videbitm*, indefesse laborabo ad salu- tem vestram pariter et honorem, dmn tamen huic suasioni, immo praeceptioni divin?e consentire vestra be- nio-nitas voluerit cum effectu. Valete. CLXIII. lUustvi Comitlssce Leycestrke Frater Ada salutem, et post securam ixicem ievipovis, gloriam wternitatis. Grates refero dominationi vestree quantum valeo de- ^'^^i^'^^ ^ votas, pro eo quod meam modicitatem super magnificis letters. Is 300 ADJE DE MAEISCO confident of the Earl's ultimate success. eventibus domino comiti et vobis per Dei clementiam concessis, in litteris tarn diligenter conscriptis, statura quoqiie memorati comitis et vestri liberorumqiie vestro- rum desideranti animo innotescere non omisistis. Sit benedictio supernie dispensationi per omnia, quse si obstiterit diffidentiaj pusillanimitas indubitanter novit quod sub Divino patrocinio, in Angelorum preesidio, cum Sanctorum adjutorio, cunctas salutarium difficultates in manibus memorati comitis, sive saeviant hostes, sive proditores moliantm*, sive obloquantur detractores, sive perversores insaniant, triumphali celeb ritate consum- mabit. Absit a serena regii cordis excellentia vana licti timoris ignavia. Numquid ha3sitare poterit liumana suspicio ubi dignatio Divina ex pr?eteritorum exhibi- tione expectationem futurorum consummare curavit ? Sit ergo vobis in Auctore salutis certitudo infallibilis, quod ea quse ratione salutari sunt incboata salubriter adimplebit, propter Nominis sui gloriam et de se fide- liter sperantium consolationem. CLXIV. ^xcellentissimw domince A., Coriiitissm Leycestrice, Frater Ada salutem hi Domino. Is thankful Etsi non quantis volo, cum quantis tamen valeo for her jvratiarum actionibus, beniffnte serenitatis vestrpe domi- concern ° ,...,. about him. nationi assm-git mete devotionis exnitas, pro eo quod, sicut per l^enignam dignitatis vestree litteram mild nuper innotuit, inter tanta variarum occupationum mo- lestamina status mei sedulam geritis sollicitudinem. Cpeterum nihil nobilitatis vestrse pio pectori consviltius fore comprobatur, quam ut quanto clemens Divinitas gratia propensiori votis aspirare dignatur, tanto divini Nominis et timor liumilius vigeat, et vivat sublimius amor in devotione cordium, qute dignam coelicis illumi- nationibus gratitudinem rependere non postponunt EPISTOLiE. 301 Contra maKgnantium insidias summopere curetis, ob- secro, Dei patrociiiio, Angelorum pr?esidio, Sanctorum adjutorio, placidis pi^e conversationis precibus cum jugitate salvifica cominendare, quae domini vestri et vestri ipsius in tantarum necessitatum articulis negotia contingunt. Cum prsesentia conficerentur, prolixius scribere non vacavit. Valeat vestrse serenitatis incolumitas in Christo. Valet dominus Lincolnige. Valent et insignes liberi ves- tri. Valeo et ego qualiscunque vester. Benedictus Deus per omnia. CLXV. Nohili dominoj Ydce de Bello Campo Frater Ada scdu- tem et quod potest oratlo 'pauperis et devotio peccatovis. Pro dilecto mihi in Christo domino S. Druer/ vestro In behalf devoto milite, fratrum meorum caritate compulsus, sere-^^" *■'"' nitati vestrse pr?esentem direxi petitionem, rogans atten- tius quatenus eundem in negotio suo, quod in curia domini \V. de Bello Campo, excellentis viri vestri, quatenus pietati servitm* et nequaquam obvenitur, per benigni favoris gratiam juvare dignemini ; nequaquam, si placet, indigne ferentes quod pro vestro milite qua- liscunque vester vestram rogat eminentiam. Valeat dominationis vestrse benignitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine.^ ' So ; yet see p. 286. - Here occurs a blank of thirty- one lines and a blank reverse. The old paging of the MS. (sc. 183)is pre- served at the middle of Ep. CLXIII. at the words indubitanter -\- novit. 302 AI>JE DE MARISCO CLXYI. Clementissimo in Chrlsto patri, Fratri J.,^ Ordinis Fratrum Minoruni Generali Ministro, Frater Ada huviilem obedlentialis reverentice famulatum, cum gloria Jionoris et opere fortitudinis. Letter of Utinam, sicut Sempei' liberet, liceret ssepe vesti'fe nen sup. gr^j^^^i^j^^^^^^g anima3 Deiformi pectoris anlieli spiritum avi- clum praesentare per litteree colloquium, quod jier ofRcium linguae non valeo ! Obsistit liic nempe absentia corpo- ralis amicitialibus animis juxta sapientmn sententiam, licet non sine planctuum anxiamine ferenda tamen pro tempore quam dispensatio legitima salubriori necessitate mortalibus defectibus adesse compellit. Numquid non ille inviolabilis amicitise superamabilis Foederator eis, quos sui ipsius supercoelesti dignificavit amicitia, " Vos/' inquiens, " dixi amicos, quia qusecmique audivi a Pa- " tre meo nota feci vobis omnia." Jam jam que corporali ^dduaturus prsesentia prsemittere curavit : " Ego verita- " tem dico vobis, expedit vobis ut ego vadam." Vide- licet ne quantumcunque delectabili gratire tamen carnali hsereatis iniirmitati. Sed ex ea, per earn, super earn in- super desiderabilem gloriam certe spiritualem conscen- datis alacriter. Huic consentit illud A]3ostoli : " Etsi " cognovimus secundmn carnem Christum ; sed nunc " jam non novimus." Poito hie occiu'rit admodum mi- randus Peripatetici principatus praeceptor primus qui corporalem absentiam inter maxima veracis amicitise damna dejKitari contendit.^ Quomodo namque veri amici, quorum amicam necessitudinem solummodo con- cihat verus amor bonitatis, juxta quod probat memo- ratus sapientum primicerius, arbitrari poterunt amicitiae felici quod quicquam detrahat corporalis disjunctio, ' John of Parma. See Ecclest. p. 49. - The word is so much contracted by the Tire as to render the true reading doubtful. - Aristot. Ethic, viii. 6. EPISTOLiE. 303 immo potivis illam et requanimiter sustinent et exoptant longanimiter, cum earn aiit compellit liumanitatis im- pendendie necessitan, aut suavitas diviiiitatis inspici- endas requirit ? Et eo amplius divinitiis conceditur singulis et omnibus veri nominis amicis in supersimpli- cem originem fontalis amiciti?e superscecvilariter pergere. Ubi propter simplicem summse bonitatis essentiam veraces amici eidem coheerendo, imus^ spiritus effecti, pr?esentialius iuAacem adunantur in individuum beata) vitfe consortium, quam quivis eorum possit quantum- cunque secum sit prsesens esse sibi. Delectabat licet sermonis inculti jejuna macie, tamen afFectu fervido desiderantis animi adminiculo litterali ad piam paternitatis vestrse disertitudinem proponere istud tantillum de re tanta, veritus ulterius vestree sinceritatis auribus seriem prolixiorem ingerere. Sed pigebat, nacta opportunitate optabili serenitati nihil ornnino sigillatim scribere. Cfeterum in benedicto Dei Filio exorabiles pietatis vestree pedes complexus, effuso vis- ceralium afFectionum profiuvio, propter pium glorifici Redemptoris cruorem, propter districtum terriiici Ju- dicis examen, propter lionorem Dei, propter profectum liominum, ima cum coeteris Anglicanee provincife fra- tribus, sicut petitione communi, sic speciali supplicatu liumillime rogo, attentissime deprecor, quatenus virum honorabilem, apud considerationem vestram excellenter ssstimatum, fratrem W. de JSTotingliam,^ in ministrmn Begs the administrationis Anglicanfe piee consensionis imanimi l^j^^^ 'f Concordia solemniter electum, et per vestr^e prselationis Notting- auctoritatem vestii gratia canonice confirmatmn, ad '^^™' ?^^' 1 • n^•• • • sen nn- salutem coelicam et perenne solatmm nliis vestris, inter nister. mortales vobis devotissimis filiis, fratribus memoratce ministrationis, per provisivam paternitatis vestrse dis- pensationem remittere velitis in patrem et pastorem ; MS. mi^, I 2 gee Eccleston, p. 59, 304 AD^ DE MARISCO icl agentes, Diviiiitate propitia, ut tantc© miiltitudinls divina desideria in Deo compleantiu'. Valeat beatitudinis vestrse prospera sospitas in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. Amen. CLXVII. Jleverendissimo ac deslderatissimo paivl, Fratri J., Ministro GeneraU, Frater Ada. On his ab- Beneclicta sit superni Salvatoris dispensatio, per quam sence, and rj^^;! eximiam multimodse salutis operationem desiderabi- Fr. N. lem personse vestrse prfesentiam, amotis innumerabilium occasionum impedimentis, provincise remotiores suscipere meruerunt. ' Succingo seriptiiram, eonfidens quod per linguam fieri poterit tempore opportuno, quod in prse- senti nequit expediri per calamiim. Cseterum pro carissimo fratre N., quem plurimje meritorum laudabi- lium commendant eminentias, languoris diuturni mo- lestia prpegravato, humiliter supplico, quatenus ob Cliristi contemplationem velitis mittere N., nt, Divi- nitate propitia, dicto W. consilium mitigandee valetudinis impendere valeat."^ CLXVIII. Meverendissimo in Clirlsto 'patri et votis intirais semper exoptando, Fratri B.,^ Fratvum Minorum Minis- tro Generali, Frater Ada dictus de Marisco omne datum optlmuTni et om^ne donum perfectu'ni desursum descendens a Patre LuTninum., cum supplici humillimce devotionis obedientia. Thanks Pro pia disertitudinis vestrse littera, quam mihi nuper ?'u ^^^ ^'^ rescribere curavit benigna paternitatis vestrse conside- • See p. 156. "^ Here follows a hlank of eighteen lines. Then on the reverse page, in a tlifferent but contemporary hand, is found the letter which succeeds. ^ The celebrated St. Bonaventure, who succeeded John of Parma, A.D. 1256. This and the following letter appear to have been written in 1257, when Adam de Marisco died. EPISTOLiE. 305 ratio, sanctitati vestrse ad pliires quam valeam Requests assuro-o gratiarum actiones, in gratia Salvatoris. ^^^^'^"^^°; ° ® _ . . sequence of Verum non mei'ui ut super quibusdam articulis the ill state requisitionum meariini expressum per litteram memo- j*j(,J|^ .]j ratam responsum liabuerim ; satisfacit tamen, sicut dig- Provincial num est, plenius in hoc et in aliis modicitati mete sin- may' return ceritatis vesti'a3 beneplacitum. Aggravatfe sunt super to England 1 , 1 c L- 1 • 'without me veliementer usque ad contectionem prsesentium cieiay. multiformia valetudinum discrimina, propter quod afFectu viscerali deprecor humilius, ut, si quomodo- libet hoc salvifica ratio sustineat, mittere dignemini ad me personaliter venerabilem patrem Fratrem J.,^ ministrum pro\'incialem, sine cujuslibet moras dispendio, per quem, Divinitate propitia, in eventum omnem, et inter transeuntia dirigar, et erigar in permanentia. Super mora nostra in provincia Anglire, quam dis- pensationis Divinas provisiva bonitas, ad gioriam Nominis sui et sui Regni profectum, opportune tractu protelare condescendat, si commode fieri posset, pluri- mum optarem certificari, quo si Domino largiente vita comes fuerit valeam etiam inoestimabilia necessitatum preegrandium desideria per vivse vocis colloquium, ex Altissimi patrocinio, propensius explicare optato cum effectu. Valeat peroptabilis sanitatis vestrse sospitas in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. Amabilem comitivam vestram, cui me in Christo recommendo, salvet semper Auctor salutis. ' Probably John de Stanford, guardian of Lynn, afterwards Pro- vincial Minister. See the list of them in the Appendix. See also pp. 43, 71, 135. U 306 ADM DE MARISCO CLXIX.1 Reverendissimo in Chrlsto patri et domino, FratH B., Fratrum Minorum Generali Ministro, Frater Ada dictus de Marlsco supplicissimos diUgentis ohe- dientice famidatus, cum salutari glor'm et honore perenni. On the Mresti cordis moeror anxius animam meam vehemen- same. ^j^c- affligit, de eo quod in prsesentiarum desiderabilem prsesentise vestrse jucunditatem, prsesertim in tantis prsegrandium necessitatum exigentiis, sicut vereor ad- modum obsistentibus infelicitatis mese i^eccatis, perso- naliter adire non sufficio. Sed benedicta dispensationis snpernse dementia adhibet in hac parte remedium pacis longanimis, per quam Domino melius aliquid provi- dente, qui cum magna reverentia disponit quae cii'ca nos, secus ordinatur mortalimn processus ad exitus optabiles quam eorum vota requirant aut inquirant consilia, pariter providens tam ii)sormn desiderio quam solamini. Quod igitur personaliter nequeo, hoc ut queo ago litterPvliter, sc. latissimas paternitatis vestrse pietati qualiscunque filiationis spiritum contribulatmn hu- millime reprjesento, per provisivam sedulitatis vestrae sanctimoniam manuducendum ad Emn qui dedit ilium. Subministrat benedicti Salvatoris benigna miseratio mihi adhuc cor habens fiduciam in Domino videndi faciem vestram amabilem, et vobis fruendi in Domino, ad bea- tum profectum ampliand?e caritatis et veritatis con- templandse. Sicut fuerit voluntas in ccelo, sic fiat. Satisfaciat vobis sempiterna retributio pro eo quod inter tot rationabilium detinentiarum variamina venerabilem patrem, Ministrum Anglise, ad meam parvitatem tanta sedulitate mittere voluistis. Utinam litteram^ qualem- ' In the same hand as the previous letter. | * Sic. EPISTOL/E. 307 qualein, quam me memiiii vestrre pi'a?lationi [destinasse], in partes iiltramontanas, maturius post susceptum a vobis mmisterium, plenius fuisset lecta et intellecta, per quam conatus sum nonnulla, succincte licet, aperire continua votoi'um meormii meditamina ! Sed forsitan hoc exclusit assidua ingentium causarum urgentia bominis utriusque multimodas indigentias quibus premor indies. Perdilectis patribus fratri J. et fratri M., sociis vestris, cseterisque vobis spiritual! necessitudine conjunctis, si placet, vici- bus frequentatis obsecro recommendari. Sapientiam cordis et fortitudinem roboris continuet vobis Sapiens corde et Fortis robore, per jugem interventum su^e Genitricis gloriosissimas. Amen. Datum Lincolnife, H.EC EST Ultima Littera, quam dictavit pi^ re- cord ationis Fr. Adam de Marisco.^ CLXX. Eeuerendissimo in Chvisto patri, Fratri W.,^ Ministro Fratruni Minorum, in Anglia, Frater Ada salu- tem in Domino. Inspecta littera pietatis vestrge, cujus vel ferreum Explains , „ J. ±' • -1 in , T the reasons pectus Irequentatis vicibus uon transngerent, dum of his re- per earn imjirimerent vulnera vulneribus limpidissimge ^^^ining in compassionis, jaculis jacula succedentia. Sed quid ? whilst Certe meUifluum inilicti doloris solatium abundan- 2^'^^^- ^*^ Bosell tms attulit, cum nectarea suavissmise dilectionis afflu- attended entia patulas plagarum scissuras salubrius infimderet. ^H -^^"^^" Proinde ad rependendas condignas gratiarum actiones Rome, amabili vestrre sanctitatis liberal! tati, quoniam vocis suc- cumbit eloquium, utinam prout coelitus subministrabitur, ' Added in minion by the same scribe. The MS. now returns to tlie handwriting of which a speci- men has been given at the com- mencement of this book. - Wm. of Nottingham. See p. 59, 303. U 2 308 ADiE DE MARISCO animi gestiafc desiclerium ! Cneterum postquam diutinis veliementium conaminnm instantiis per dominum Can- tuariensem actum est jugitate inflexibili, ut cum co ad Sedem Apostolicam tam ego quam frater Gregorius proficisceremm-; hoc ipsura omnimodis domino rege et domina regina primo quidem volentibus, sed deinde ut m(n-aremur in Anglia memorata regina prout valuit sa- tagente, tandem obsistentibus mihi rnandatis Apostolicis, et auctoritate deficiente per quam dictum iter arripere- mus/ in hoc resedit perpensis sollicite rerum circum- stantiis exitus deliberationis, ut prtefatum dominum, me remanente, carissimi fratres Gregorius de Bosell et socius ejus frater W. de Wygornia, per obedientiam eisdera ut in Vasconiam pergerent dudum a vobis in- junctam, comitarentur, quousque ob iter eis occcurreret auctoritas Apostolica, per quam ad Curiam accedere valerent. Quam si contmgeret non obtinere, versus Vasconiam tenclerent. Igitur, ipsis proficiscentibus, a Jan. 17th. mari regressus sum die beati Antonii, mandatum Apos- tolicum apud dominum regem prout Salvator dederit expleturus. Una cum honorabili viro fratre P.,^ Ministro Colonise, omni precum piarum instantia supplico, rogans obnixius quatenus dilectum fratrem Paulinum, qui cum fratre Waltero de Maddeley^ ante aliquot dies per obedientiam memorati ministri in Angliam rediit, de consueta latis- simi sinus dementia obvia sedulitate suscipere et confo- vere pia paternitate dignemini, meliorandi moris gratia, eundem sancto fratrum provinciro vestraj collegio aggre- gantes. Hoc idem nequaquam per dictum ministrum interpellatus vestram rogo benevolentiam modis quibus valeo de prajfato fratre W. de Maddele. Mitto vobis litteras mihi a venerabili patre domino Lincohiise a Curia destinatas, sciens quam sit benignse sanctitati vestrse arripemur, MS. I ^ gg^ Epist. CXCYII. n. Peter of Tewksbury. See p. 63. I EPISTOL^. 309 de profectu causaruin salutariuni hxiiii consideratio. Au- di vi etiam quod prosperatis negotiis dictus dominus a Curia cum salute revertitur. Quiti pra^senti cartuke desunfc dilectissinius frater J. de Stanford vestne dis- cretion is insinuabit arbitrio. Valeat desiderabilis vestrte paternitatis incolumitas, etc. CLXXI. Fndrl W., Minlstro Angllce, Frater A. salatem in Domino. Inspectis diligentius et plenius intellectis paternitatis Is of opi- vestrfB litteris, non obstantibus causis quas et efficaciter j^^^Q^Vh^tQ et prudenter et salubriter tarn ex attributis negotio comply quam personLs, quam et necessitatibus obtendistis, si quo royal com- modo fieri posset quominus Wyntoniam ad instantem mand. Nativitatem Domini accederetis, visum est fratri W. Ba- talye^ et mihi, quod ruptis omnibus modis quibuscun- que importunitatum detinentiis, in hac parte regiis vos oportet obtemperare mandatis. Nempe hoc exigere videtur crucis prsedicatio, et tam solemniter imj^etrata et tam diligenter commissa, tantam preeferens salutem, tantis agenda ^ periculis, tu priusquam de regno exeatis, providse circumspectionis sollicitudo vigilantior, quantum fieri potest, Domino concedente, ad Immanam salutem et divinum honorem memorake pr^edicationis executio- nem dirigat, juxta quod ex iis quse audituri estis doceri poteritis. Ad rem etiam pertinere cognoscitur ut priusquam ab Anglia recedatls domino regi et dominte reginte valefacientes, eorundem patrocinio religionis nostras devotionem in Christo recommendetis. Quod si regias majestatis mandata suscepistis, contingeret vos tanl ' See p. 292. | - Sic. 310 AD^ DE MARISCO pi'ope positos regalem declinare prajsentiam, inaxime cum vigeat causa, quaui dominus rex non irrationa- biliter tanti sestimat, nec insolentioris supercilii notam, nec odibilioris ingratitudinis oblocutionem, nec vehe- mentioris iDdignationis motus aliquatenus, sicut creditur, effugeretis. Denique illustres animi sapientum, ex con- sideratione ssecularium phantasmatimi in pomposis so- lemnitatum celebritatibus nitorem lanuginis prseferen- tium, sublimiter proficiunt ad insignem mendacis mundi contemptum. Super omnia verba vitse contra tanta coelicte salutis pericula impavid^e sanctitatis sapientia nou tacebit), si banc inspiraverit Is, qui omnium est Artifex, omnem habens wtutem, quique ante reges et prtesides incogitatos sermones subministrat ad sa- lutem. Valeat vobis invictfe virtutis salutaris industria in Cliristo, etc. CLXXII. Fratri W., Ministro Angliw, Frater Ada salutem et suhjectam dehitce devotionis ohedientiam. f t^*^^*^"^ Hoc ago littera, quod lingua nequeo. Videlicet alloquor Countess of dcsiderabileni mansuetudinis vestrse paternitatem. Juvat Leicester enim ciuos salutaris nectit necessitudo per scrii)tm-am require the . ^^ . ^ it writer's spu'ituum exliibere prresentiam, cum personalem excludit w*^Yf h'^^ necessaria dispensatio. Vermn intolerabilibus vestrarmn glad to occupationum jugitatibus importunitatem prolixi ser- have his mollis iiigerere, non tarn improbum quam noxiuni fore putavi. Quid ergo ? Ut quid multa ? Porro mium est iiecessarimn. Et quid hoc ? Nonne lioc quod divinum Moysen docuit Is, qui ait, " Sine me nihil potestis facere;" et alibi, " In mundo pressuram, in me autem pacem " habebitis ? " Et adliuc inquiens, " Quid hoc est ? " Hoc est profecto sine quo superior locus ecclesiastici regiminis nisi provocanda) Di\anitati et perdendis animabus non EPISTOL.E. 311 tenetur. Nostis autem, et quis melius? hoc esse illud, quod cum stevirent rebellaiitium violentia>, cum insani- rent insultantium convicia, cum urgerent malignantium molimina, pro quibus ait, " Airt dimitte eis banc " noxam, aut dele me de libro quern scripsisti." Ipsi legislatori tam salutaris jussionis vigilantia prsecepit Dominus nunc montis ascensum, nunc introitmn ta- bernaculi. Et quid per ascensionem montis nisi limpida supern^e veritatis contemplatio ? quid per introitmn tabernaculi nisi ignitum orationis sacrificium ? Quorum ilia sine tranquillitate vacationis, suspensis quantum- cunque salutaribus exercitiis, non attingitur ; istud vero sine mortificatione passionmn, repressis motibus quan- tiBCunque sedulitatis, nequaquam celebratur. Propterea ignorare nequit nisi quem aut exciT^caverit tistutia sseculi, aut carnis illecebra captivavit, quam sit exe- crandus qui coelicse pastionis ministerium profiteretur, et tamen in iis qu?e dicta smit, secundum summam inten- tionis sestimationem jugiter pergens in Dominum, cui est cm'a de omnibus, non immoratm-. Hsec igitur scripserim non ut indefessam vestras sanctitatis sollicitudinem aut doceam aut repreliendam ; sed ut secundum sententiam Salomonis devota filiatio pise paternitati prsestet occasi- onem. De liis hue usque sufficiat. Novi namque quam efficaciter in hac parte et in similibus sibi persuaserit desuper vobis data sapientia. Scripsit milii domina regina litteram affectuosam et efficacem, ut, cum opportu- nitas se ofFerret, prsesentiam ipsius adire non omitterem ; quod mihi non mediocriter foret grave et molestmn. Instat etiam domina comitissa Leycestrise quod ad eam veniam circa instans festmn Sti. Michaelis, et etiam per Sept, 20th. aliquem magnum super similibus sum sollicitatus. Ves- trmn erit super hoc quod vobis sederit mihi si placet signare. Quid me velit vestra paternitas facere post prfesentem antumnum precor expresse signare. Yaleat vobis, oro, et vii'tus invicta, et sensus inde- 812 ADyE DE MARISCO ceptus, et zelus irremissus ad illius operis consumma- tionem, quod propitia Divinitas vobis et qiiibusdam fili- orum vestroruiii ad veram Ordinis reformationem nuper inspiravit. Genua pietatis vestrre complexus deprecor liumiliter, supplicius obsecrans ut meas parvitatis insuf- ficientiam Divin?e velitis commendare miserationi, per salvifica vestri et filiorum vestrorum fratrum minorum suffragia, eosque qui mecum per vestrain laborant ordi- nationem. Salutari peto obsequio mei carissimos patres et fratres, fratrem E,., fratrem W., cteterosque fratres filios vestros, in Auctore salutis. Valeat vestra paternitatis incolumitas in Christo, etc. CLXXIII. Expressing his regret for being detained by attendance upon the Abp. of Canter- bury's business. Froivl ir., Mhilstro Angliai, Fruter Ada. Postquam proficiscente domino Lincolnire^ ad Curiam Romanam, per inexorabilem, licet multiformiter attemp- tatam, domini regis, dominse regince, domini Cantuarise detinentiam moratus sum in Anglia, vel invitus, cum intolerabili laborum, sollicitudinum, anxietatum molestia, domini Cantuarise contubernio nggravatus, insestimabilia ecelestium illuminationum detrimenta, videlicet seterni- tatis in mente, veritatis in ratione, tranquillitatis in vo- luntate, propter immensas terrenarum caliginum vora- gines, me miserum ! in dies perferre sub luctuosis continui planctus gemitibus non desisto. Hsec idcirco dixerim, quia licet videri posset legibus amicitire derogari, cum de- sperabiles causJB discriminosi doloris, quod sine cruciatu diro fidelis amici fieri nequit, patefiant evidenter, tamen fiduciani suscitat remedii pectori transfixo cum lethale ' The bishop went to Rome in 1244, and again in 1250, to have the dispute decided between himself and his Canons. See Mat. Paris, 649, 802, and Epist. CCXIII. To the latter date this letter must be re- ferred. EPISTOL.E. 31 3 telum vigenti, dementi, educendmu })i;B panditur pater- nitati. Proinde cum iion appareat qualiter iter aperiatur evasioiii nisi per benignam favoris Apostolici gratiam, obtestor, obsecro, deprecor, omni precum geiiere con- gesto, qnatenus animam, pro qua apud formidandse Majestatis examen sub tantre di.strictionis inexcusabili sponsione sanctitatem vestram defixistis, cui dictum est, " Virum hunc custodi, qui si lapsus fuerit, erit anima tua " pro anima illius," inodis (j^uibus congruere ceiisuerit suavissima sedulse paternitatis circumspectio, absque amaricantis morse odibili dispendio, per amantissimi patris, fratris Johannis, domini papiB imntii,^ adjutorium, a tanto prsecipitiorum imminentium liorrore studeatis eripere, restituendo tam desiderabilem stabilium pro- fectuum ordinem. Casterum, aptissimum fratrem fdiurii vestrum, Rober- tum de Thornliam,- divino desiderio flagrantem, et humanse salutis avidum, cum expeditione castrorum, pro coelici cultus sublimatione non sine fervore trium- phalis martyrii se fiducialiter accingentium, ad pa,s- sagium instans Divinitate propitia profectm'um, novi indubitanter quoniam vestrse strenuitatis pia sedulitas tanto perpensiore favore prosequetur, quanto dilectioni^ ferventiori redemptori rependere satagit quod redemp- tus accepit. Ad lisec, cum honorabili patre, fratre Petro, Minis- tro Colonial, quam necessaria, quam rationabili, quam afFectuosa valeo, liumillime supplico deprecatione. qua- tenus propter Dei gloriam, propter ecclesias salutem, propter fratrum caritatem, benevoli favoris auditum Iseto cum affectu eidem, manifestre pietatis causam ' From the terms here used by De Marisco, I infer that this is one of the Minorites, who, in company •with another named Alexander, -was sent into England, in 1247, to levy collections for the Pope. See the passage from Mat. Paris (p. 722) in the Appendix. ^ Gustos at Cambridge, See Ec- cleston, p. G2 and 321. 'Sic. 314 AD^ DE MARISCO ageuti, inclinare non diicatis iiidignmii. Longe fiat a pia latissimi cordis magnificentia detestabile diffiden- tias vitium, quo mens blaspliema desperat Dei virtutem, Dei sapientiam, Dei sanctilicationem, aut posse aut nosse aut velle, cum multiplici supernse largitioiiis fervore sibi impensa refundere. Denique de mandato ministri generalis de provincia superioris Alemannise, duos fratres, Hugonem et Jordanum, juvenes, beniguos, idoneos, et bonae spei, ad vos ut in divinis proficiant eloquiis des- tinatos, attentius rogo provisiva benignitate suscipere, dirigere, promovere velitis in Domino. Valeat desideratissima vestice sanctitatis incolumitas etc. Gemens sub aquis vix ista rauci gutturis susurrio carptim submm'muravi, quem abyssalis horror oppri- mentium occupationum profundat immensium. CLXXIV. Fratri W., Ministro Anglice, Frater Ada salutem ct revere ntialem in omnibus obedientiam. In praise Carissimum fratrem A. de Hereford, ciuem mihi pia ofA.de , . X- • 1 r. • •: • • Hereford, vestrfB cu-cumspectionis sedulitas assignavit pro socio, m- -\vhom he yeni benignum afFectibus et moribus lionestum, doci- •wishes to , , r , . ^ , . . continue at lem ingenio et iitteratiira provectum, emcacem adjutoriis and th^t'^^' ^^ officiis operosum, suavem socialitate et convictu Laur. Sut- gratiosmn. Quamobrem indubitanter credi debet quod, in^his*^ ^*^"^* Di\dnitate propitia, ante prolixa temporum cui-ricula, ad place. lionorem Domini, et cleri doctrinam, et jiopuli salutem, si eidem de continuitate studii provideatur, laudabiliter proficiet ad prsedicationem Verbi Dei, in eloquii promp- titudine, qua prteditus esse cognoscitur, quo etiam nonnidli longe inferiores ad ofRcium eruditionis impendendpe, ut opinor, in Scriptura Sacra sunt desiguati de discretorum consilio. Verum oculata fide conspicio, secundum quod cogit mea necessitas, et utilitas mea requirit, quia EPISTOL^E. 815 quicunque fratruin iiiihi in juljutorium tarn vaiii ct tain continui laboris fuerit associatus, postposito eccle- siastici suduris exercitio, illinn jiigiter oportebit defecti- bus meis supplendis, et viis meis dirigendis, et oneribus meis supportandis insistere, etiam nonnunquam, si ipsi geminaretur et virtus et industria et longanimitas Alosit igitur a me ista tyraimidis impietas, ut velim in prasfato fratre tantos divinse dispensationis profectus aut attenuari, aut retardari, aiit impediii ob privata3 eommoditatis considerationem. Prsesertim cum mihi sine communi disj)endio in competenti consortio, sicut liactenus vestri gratia factum est, valeat per Salvatoris misericordiam provideri. Per expei'ientiam quoque con- jicio quod nequit, quantsecunque sit mansuetudinis seu quanticunque vigoris, prgefatus frater A., sine corporis gravamine et mentis inquietudine, nisi quatenus urgentia mitigat obedienti?e salutaris diurnos pestus et vigilias nocturnas, mecum indeficienter sufferre. Cum igitur per certissima compererim argumenta, quod ad subveniendum meis insufficientiis, quantum secmiduin Dominum fieri valebit, perfectam in Christo gerat voluntatem vestrpe discretionis inolita benignitas, fiducialiter rogo quatenus, si vestrre non displicet sauctro paternitati, desideratmn in Christo fratrem Laurentium de Sutthon ad me sine mor?e dispendio in subsidium societatis, si tamen in hoc ipsum ipse consentiat, re- mittere dignemini prsefatum fratrem A. Londinum ad studendum, intuitu Christi, quod et ipse, si vestro sederit beneplacito, plurimum desiderat, nihilominus maturius mittere consentientes. Si autem dictus fra- ter Laurentius aliquem satis tolerabilem patiatur defectum, insignitus tamen est quam plurimis ad assistendum me?e parvitatis idoneitatibus, quamvis vulgaris pertinacia non sic sentiat. Nunquam ta- men formidat sapiens odibilem inconstantire notam, ubi supernye veritati constanter inliperetur, qua3 secmidum rerum ti'ansmutaljilimn varietates diversas, tamen eadem 316 AD^ DE MARISCO manens, prsecipit vicissitudines consilioruin. Quod quia stultorum siiperba jactantia pervicaciter exliorrescit, ipsi recedentes ab incommutabili veritate, et mutabilium eveiitibus innitentes, illiid inciuTunt cum despicabili ignominia, quod ex inani gloria fugiunt ; adeo quod contra ipsos loquitur sapientia, diceiis : " Stultus ut luna " mutatur, cum sapiens sicut sol perseveret." Valeat paternitatis vestrae sanctitas etc. Tanto propensiori diligentia prsescriptse petitionis efFectimi precor maturare velitis, quanto dum pendet anceps exitus arbitrii vestri, in liac parte series tranquillitatis non mediocriter cemulanda desiderandi moderaminis patietur detrimentum. In seternum valete in Christo. Si petita superius concesseritis, bene quidem. Sin autem, quod bonum est in oculis vestris fiat per Domi- num. Expedivi secundum quod milii desuper dictum est apud dominum Lyncolnise quae mandastis. CLXXV. Fratri ]V., Ministro Ancjl'ia, Fra.ter Ada salutem, et tam debitam quam devotam in Audore salutis ohedientlam. Requesting Cum intellexissem per carissimum fratrem N. de tha,t A young friar Anilyeres causam satis rationabilem profectionis suae named N. ^^ ministrationem Francise, discussis rei circumstantiis de Anily- eres may cum eodcm fratre, fratris P. de Theokesbyria ^ et tofolloT^ mese parvitatis consiliis adquiescente, prsesentem peti- his studies tionem paternitati vestrpe censui dirigendam, supplici- Cambrldge ^^ rogans quatenus, salva dispositione ministri gene- or London, ralis circa ipsum eidem fratri concessa, si ministri Francia) consensus accesserit, dementi pietate provi- dere velitis locum certum, ubi dictus Irater per vestrfe ' See p. 40, sq. i EPISTOL^. 317 discretionis ordinationem moram facere valeat in dc- votionis tranqiiillitate, et fretus honestatis exemplo ad eruditionem Sacrpe Scriptur?e proficiat ; tanto perpen- siori gratia hanc, si placet, prosequentes supplicatio- nem, quauto desiderabilius fore censetur, iit juvenis do- cilis ingenii, boni moris, et spei laudabilis, per vestne benignitatis diligentiam, ad Dei honorein et salutem miiltorum, Divinitate propitia, promoveatur. Accedit autem ad impetrandi favoris benevolentiam fratris Petri sedula devotio. Videtur deiiique, si vestro sede- rit benejolaeito, opportunum fore, aut ut Oxoni?e, aiit CantebrugaB, aut Londini dictus frater studendi gratia colloeetur, usque ad tempus unius aut diioruui aiinoruiu, secundum quod minister suus viderit ordinandum. Vo- luntatem vestram placeat, oro, per latorem pra^sentium mihi signare. Valeat sanctitas vestra in Christo, &c. CLXXVI. Fratri W., Ministro Anglia', F rater Ada salutem, et devotam suhjecti famulatus ohcdierdiam. Ob contemplationem spiritualissirare caritatis, qua non ^"orJohnof immerito circa carissimum filium vestrum fratrem J. de Beverley affici compellor, pra^sentem sanctitati vestrre direxi petitionem, rogans attentius quatenus juxta paternam providfe discretionis semulationem, perpensis causae suae circumstantiis, vobis, si placet, per dilectum patrem fratrem Martinum Gardianum Oxonia^^ viva voce exponendis, clementiae vestrse beneplacito, sine morse dispendio, secundum deliberatam rationis exigentiam insinuare non ducatis indignum, Valeat, kc. 318 AD/E DE jMAMSCO CLXXVII. Fmtri W., Mlnistvo Anglice, Frater Ada et tam debitam quam devotam suhjecti famulatus ohedi^ entiam. Begs to be ISTon putavi ad providae circumspectionis vestrae dis- meet^n^ cretioiiem utendum fore rationibus persuasoriis ; sed him at soluiiimodo ad paternam benigiiitatis vestr^e pietatem the score^of sumendas esse humiles devotarum i^recum instantias. ill-health Proiiide suavitatis vestrse siipplico clementia9, cum and the ur- , i • i . • ■ gency of cptaiita valeo rogans intentione, quateniis perpensis bis studies, studii iii'gentia cum aiigustia temporis, corporis va- letudine cum aiiimi molestia, parcat mihi vestrse sanctitatis pietas intuitu sancti Salvatoris et piis- simse Virginis, ne cogar cum multiplici mentis et cor- poris discrimine, sicut nuper mihi scripsistis, apud Bedeford vobis occmTere, beneplacitum lionorabilis reverentise vestrse per latorem praBsentium mese parvi- tatis humilitati signantes, Domino propitio, per omnia, sicut dignum est, jussionibus vestris su23er id modicum quod potest obtemperare. Prjefata quee tetigi dis- crimina, tam menti quam corpori, si laborem aggi^ediar quern mihi prsecepistis, magis eligo sub silentio praete- rire, quam vestrse pietatis auribus tot interpellantium vocibus incessanter occupatis cum prolixitate sermonis ingerere. Habetis carissimum patrem P. de Theokesby- ria, qui qualemcuuque sensum meum in iis de quibus tractatmi estis, ut reor, non ignorat. Habetis etiam providum amplexandum societatis vestrse consilium. Habetis quoque, ut credo, maturioiis industri?e viros, quos ut vobis occurrant evocastis, quibus adhuc alios aggregare videri poterit supervacuum, quantum- cunque magna fuerint negotia, de quibus per Divini- tatis gratiam estis tractaturi. Quod si quid consilii a me paternitas vestra judicat fore requirendum, poterit illud, prout pr[ecepei'itis, vobis per litteram insinuari. Yaleat, etc. EPISTOLiE. 319 CLXXVIII. Fmtri W., Mimstvo Anglice, Frater Ada salutem, et devotam humilis obedientim reverentiam. Cum secundum tenorem mandati vestri carissimum Eust. de fratrem Eustacliium de Noi-raanville^ secundum formam ■'^°''™^'^" Tille de- quam competere putavi allocutus fuissem, et digestus dines the considerate deliberationis tractatus per dies aliquot of^^e*^"'^ tenderetm', tandem perpensis rei difficilis circumstantiis, Friars of prsetendens diutinam corporis valetudinem, et aptitu- °^^^^ ' dinem mentis imparatam, asseruit se in officio lectionis exhibendre nullatenus posse desiderio fratrum Nortli- wyci prout ratio requireret satisfacere ; proinde vestrse paternitatis providte circumspection! supplicat obnixius, obsecrans quatenus sibi clementer in hac parte parcat sanctse pietatis consideratio, parato, sicut dignmn est et salutis su£e requirit e:^dg•entia, vestris jussionibus cum promptitudine devotionis obtemperare. Non igitur video quid fiat in hac parte consultius, quam ut fraterno so- lamini sedula condescensione provideatiu". Frater Walterus de Evesham, missus nuper in An- Encloses gliam pro statu fratrum Hybernias meliorando, fratrem i^^^^\ ^fi" J. de Staiiford et me super quibusdam articulis, offi- mission of cium fratris Andrese de Lexinton in memorata pro- ^^^^^ j'^^' vincia contingentibus, diligenter consuluit ; quibus ego Ireland, respondere distuli usque super eisdem discretionis vestrpe diffinitio milii patefieret ; propter quod tran- scriptum litterre obedientialis, si forte eam non vi- deritis, per quam minister generalis prsefato fratri Andrcc© suam commisit auctoritatem, simul cum littera pr^edicti fratris Walteri dictam consultatio- nem continente, vobis prresentibus inclusura transmitto ; ' See p. 39. He was afterwards Divinity Reader in the University of Oxford. 320 AD^ BE MARISCO rogans ut in causa tantae salutis quid facto opus sit mihi rescribere velit benignitatis vestrpe sellers indus- tria.^ Pro fratre A. de Becliesoueres et fratre R. de Wal- tliam, sicut alias feci, non piget iterum interpellare paternitatis vestr?e sollicitudinem, ut eosdem in pacifica consolatione, sicut noveritis et volueritis, propter intuitum Salvatoris salubriter lucrifacere studeatis, quod et Do- mino propitio, sine difficultate valebitis. Forsan expe- diret ut, ubi ego moror, maneret etiam supradictus fra- ter A.2 Petitionibus meis, quas apud suavitatem vestram semper vestri gratia, ni repellit ^ desperatio displicendi specialiter inserere curavi subjectam humilitatis obse- crationem, videlicet ut sine morse dispendio ad refor- mandam plenius venerabilis patris, fratris J. de Rading* sanitatem, qute per Divinitatis gratiam in proximo proventura speratur, saepe dictum frati'em A. de Be- chesoueres Oxoniam juxta fratrum desiderium remittere non ducatis indignum. Ad supplicem fraternal com- passionis instantiam, apud pium paterni pectoris arbi- trium indubitanter novi non mediociiter favorabilem, cum quanto possum aftectu deprecatoriam adjungo petitionem, ut fratrem P. de Londino,^ quern ut spero ad cumulum meritorum manus Domini misericorditer tetigerit, cui sicut audio citra*' requisitionem impen- dendse caritatis, ad fratris tarn afflicti solatium, in subsidiis providetur victitandi, maxime quantum ad loci et societatis competentiam, ita recommendare curetis dilectissimis patribus et fratribus vestris curam fra- trimi Londini agentibus, prout et divinee voluntati ser- • See Epist. CCVUI. - See Epist. CCXL. ' n repellit ; so written, and added * Tormerly Abbot of Oseney. See Thos. of Eccleston, p. 16. ^ Philip of London, guardian of Bruges ? See p. 14. in the text by another hand. •= cii", MS. EPISTOL^E. 321 viatur, et infirmitatis necessitatibus subveniatiir, et salutaribus fratnim exeinplis coiisulatur in Domino. Yaleat &c. CLXXIX. Amantisslmo slhi in CJiristo imtri, Frafrl Roberto de Tliovnham, F rater Ada ixic&^n in terris et glo- viam in excetsis. Ad inolitam benigni moris suavitatem, pro eo quod Tl^at Eust. non condignus occurrit effeckis, afFectus assiirgit sup- manville plex gratissiniis benedictionibus studiosa3 varietatis, niul- cannot ,.T . . TIT T ' r. comply tipliceni suavis ammao dulcedinem rediviva irequenta- with hi? tione patenter insinuantibus, licet nou ut vellet, tamen f"*^,^"^ . , , . . , ., brethren s lit valet prosequens obnixius aniabilem vestrse liberal!- request, tatis amicitiam. Cseterum, carissiuii fratris Eustacliii de Normanville, quas habet midtimodas pra^sentiiim importunitatum obsistentias, quominus in prsesentiarum impleri queat quod vestri et filioruni vestrorum op- tavit pia consideratio,^ puto penitus excusatas liabebit, cum vobis innotuerint, frater.ia circumspectio ; in liac parte, sicut arbitror, sufficientem dedit operam rationis justa rcquisitio, quamvis non provenerit cx2Detitus in- tentionis exitus, Deo melius aliquid disponente, propter quod constat fore consvdtum ipsi committere quod con- cupivimus. Quoniam reverend! patris ministri nostri ad instans festum Natalitium prsesentiam adire dispo- Buistis, per quem plenius de sirigulis innotescere poterit, causis exprimendis supersedendura esse censui. Prae- cipiat mihi, obsecro, qualicunque vestro vestra digna dilectio. Yaleat vobis status integri sancta sinceritas in Christo, etc. ' See the previous letter. This Robert de Thornham atus first Guar- dian of Lynn, afterwards of Cam- bridge, and died in the Hcly Land. SeoEccleston,p.62. Epist. CLXXIII. cxr. X 822 AD^ DE MAPJSCO CLXXXX. Fratvi W., Ministro Anglice, Frater Ada devotum suj)- 2)1 ids ohed ie nticG famidatum. On the true Distaiitia mille passimm inter Montem Oliveti et les man. QJ^rita,tem Jerusalem, obtineat mihi et cseteris filiis vef3- tris cursu veloci breviter explicare orationis vestrfe longanimitas indeficieiis perventiuis ad Sabbatbiim in utroque homine delicatum, certe placidam tranquilli- tatis perfectfe requiem, in affluentissimis duleedinum absconditarvim deliciis, cujus in litterse vestras pri- mordio sub aifFectuoso meministis desiderio. Sic scilicet ut dextris sequacinm divinitus appreliensis in divinse majestatis manuductione perpeti ^ pariter pertingamns ex Monte Oliveti per iter Sabbathi in civitatem Jeru- salem ; videlicet ex. Sabbatho gratiee per viam vitfie in Sabbathum gloiias ; viam, aio, vitte excellentiorem vivificse caritatis direction em, quam intestimabiliter extollens Apostolus, "Adlaic," inquit, "excellentiorem " viam vobis demonstro. Si Unguis loquor liominum " et angelorum, caiitatem autem non habeani, factus " sum velut res sonans aut cymbalum tinniens." Iter revera Sabbathi, quo- speciosis bon^ voluntatis plebibus tarn pie quam feliciter ambulaturis a monte^ gratiosas pietatis ad civitatem gloriosa? felicitatis, mille mysticarum dimensioiium passibus, hoc est, mille vivi- ficarum'* virtutum profectibus spiritualiter integrato^ pro- ductis ex vitalis decalogi denario, secundum quod est apud denariam eftectuum sanctitatem. Secundo pro- nciat milleuarium mille vivificarum virtutum passibus, quod nunc dictum est iter Sabbathi viam vitas vivi- ficfe distinguentem, in uno sui terminorum habentem Sic, MS. q», MS. ' morte, MS. < vivifue, M^. kplstolje. 323 montem la">tifica^ misei-catiouis, in alio civitatem pacificso visiouis ; in utroque Sabbatbnm delicatuni liominis ntriusque. Porro secandum gratiosam prfegustationem in tempore, secundum gioriosam satietatem in reterni- tate. Forsitan exiet nescio quis nemo, omnis veritatis omnino nescius, qui ex vesaniori dj©monialis arrogantise caecitate altissima coelestium eloquiorum mysteria blas- phemare non formidans, deridendus deridere praesumens, quippe ridere potes de ridiculoso, ilkid quod ingenii tardioris angusta tenuitas bic nunc exprimere conata est, Utinam affectu simpbci, quo de Domino sentitur, in bonitate et in simpHcitate cordis qureritur de ratione denarii bis ducti ad productionem millenarii, conficientis integraUter iter Sabbatbi, quern ex derisione terribilem objurgans Auctor eloquii mystici, ait : " Qui erudit de- " risorem, ipse sibi injuriam facit." Et iterum : " Ejice derisorem, et exibit cum eo jurgimn." Num- quid qupe in- utroque Testamento tam sul)tili commen- dantur exquisitione nuraerorum rationes vacare putabi- mus a mysteriis ? Legamus si libet doctorum ecclesiae, Gregorii, Augustini, Bedfe, et creterorum commentarios, si doceri dignemur quam sint investigand^e rationum numeralium arcan?e potestates, prfe c?eteris universitatis perfect?e speciebus ad patefacienda salviiica mysti- corum eloquiorum latibula. Si tamen, ut fieri fere semper a^ssolet, tam ignavine c[uam insolentia> in cunctis non quseramus solatia, miseri et miserabiles, curarum spiritualium et carnalium concupiscentiarum abyssali voragine captivati, misericors Miserator miseris miserere. Amen. Opus esset liic sermo longus et interpretabilis, si Of the set- non rectins eligeret insipientis affectio animo sapientis !tf™^°* 7 Scripturarum studioso, ut sit sapientior oceasionem pree- between the stitisse. C?eterum respiciant superclementes summa3 o/can^er- celsitudinis oculi bumilem sanctitatis vestrre condescen- hury and sum, quern non pigebit per accuratum subtilioris epis- o/ Lincoln^ toliB tenorem cousternatara lacrimosfc mentis mjiestitiam X 2 824. AD,E DE MAIlISCO et animare vigentius et consultius edocere, et l?etificare jucundius et stabilius confirmare, ex necessariis causa- mm multiformium considerationibus. Ad hoc consum- mato visitationis officio in Londinensi, Elyensi, Nor- wyceiisi, Liiicoliiiensi ei^iscopatibus, cum omnium et singulorum placida consolatione, sit exaltata supernai dispensationi benedictio, dominvis Cantuarise in die beati Nov. nth. Martini regressus est Londinum ; in cujiLS comitiva per plures die:s postea moram traxi, quousque inter memoratum doininum et capitulum Lincolniee, occasione diocesans jurisdictionis exercendas in episcopatu Lin- colnia) sede vacante, quam utraque pars sibi vindicavit utvimque allegando pro se et jus commune, et quasi' possessionem, acrius concitati\3 litium compugnanti?e, iu ecclosite dictro, sicut apparuit, ruinam irreparabileni, per Aucfcorem pads pacifica repressit ordinatio. Videlicet ut dominus arcliidiaconus Cantuarine [et] magister Robertus de Marisco, super jure et proprietate prsefatse jurisdic- tionis, sine strepitu judieiali, secundum formam jurium, inter partes fixam proferant diffinitionem inviolabiliter ab utraque parte in onniem eventum observandam, si fieri June 24th. potest citra nativitatem beati Johannis Baptistfe proxi- mo venfcuram ; supradicto domino arcbiepiscopo interim pra3nominata,m auctorifcatis diocesante jurisdictionem plenius in cunctis exercendo penitus absque prfe- judicio partis adversse.^ Quibus coelitus expletis, adhuc cum praesciipto do- mino Cantuai'iensi mihi morandum fore putavi usque June 1 ith. j^(j festum beati BarnabEe, suspensam ducens expec- lationem tempore medio, juxta mese modicitatis mo- dulum, anxioril)us contristati spiritus instantiis, taui- littera quam lingua, et ex eloquiorum testimoniis et ex rationum argumentis, et ex sanctorum exemplis, » gi", MS. ' If this refers to the vacancy of the see upon Grostete's death, the letter was written in 1253 or 1254. EPISTOL^. 325 prout Divinitas annuit, sibi subinde .succedentibvis opporfcunre importunitatis vicibus, secundum cogentis- simam dignitatis suae requisitionem intimo ejusdem archiprfesulis affectui, et arguendo et increpando et obsecrando et exliortando et promittendo et commi- nando et blandiendo et perterrendo, nunc nocte nunc die, satagens ingerere verba salutaria, utinam cum atfectu salutari, non obsistentibus indigui prassump- toris cxcessibus I Cogito autem siepe nominati domini Intends et suorum superatus obsecratione instans festum nata- j,'^^ "'-]'/, f,. lis Domini cum ipso in partibus Cantife, si Deus masatCan- voluerit, alicujus utilitatis causa, transigere, dum tamen ^^ "'"^' providentire vestr?e non interveniat prohibitio. Meminerit Sanctus sanctorum vestra3 sanctitatis in bonum, qui tam sancta sollicitudine, tam Sanctis suf- fragiis, sanctam memoriam sancti pra^sulis, sicut sancti confidunt, in ardentissimis flagrantium sanctitatum luculentiis, secundum latissimam dilFusaj caritatis am- plitudinem, indefessa jugitate commendare curatis ad Ipsius, cjui solus boims est, benedictam gloriam, per quam idem sanctam recordationis antistes apud feli- cem invicti cursus consummationem spiritu et virtute Helj^fe efficacissime animatus exultavit, audacter per- gens in occursum armatis, contempsit pavorem, nee icessit gladio, contra scelerrimam immanitatem trium- iplialem animum patenter accingere non formidans ; imperterritam illam responsionem, de qua scripsistis stara prudenter, quam eloquenter, quam veliementer jconscriptam, sseculis vere omnibus Altissimo prsesidente profutm-am, ad formidandam quam nostis majestatem destinando. Rogo per prsesentis carta3 portitorem, si jplacet, mihi voluntatem vestram evidentius insinuari. Valete. 326 ■^'^-^ DE :m:1R1sco CLXXXL Fratd B., MinHro Anglica, Frater Ada. Reproves Scripsifc iiiilii reverentiae vestrpe tliligentia suavior ^"fofre-^" litteram qiiaterna petitione comprehensam. Qiiarum jeciing all prima continebat quod nee ad precatum pontificis, nee to sTay'at atl fratrum desiderium, nee ad hortatum benevolorum, Bugden. i^qq ad neeessitatuni requisitum, consensistis pernoc- tare Biigedeni, sed per liorrendam rigorum liyema- lium injuriam, processu priseipiti, Sabbatho violato, Cantebrugiam properastis. Causa levis, gravis instantia, admirari cogunt recusationem inexorabileni.^ Si man- suetudo, si consideratio, si sanetitas, si longanimitas ex- hibendas earitati et veritati eonspiciend?e, pr?esertim in divinissimarum solemnitatum tan bis coneurrentiis, sol- lieius aecomodandjB veracius cogTioscantur, numquid non secus faeiendum fuisse judicabitur? Dum insuper et eelsitudineni pontificalem, et filialem devotionera, et a3mulationeni amiealjilem, et rationabilem persuasionem, rupta cujuscunque necessitudinis obsistentia, coneulcare non pigeat, liie eerte reor formidandani exercendse potestatis ambitionem. Videamus an exemplum docu-. mento dissideat? Sed esto, dum punitur hostis, civem trueidare delectet. Annon veraciter atrocitatis piacu- lum committitur dum innocens comitiva piorum filia- rum tanta vexatione personarum perieulis exponitur^ Hevera tam vobis quam illis illud convenire perhibe- tur : " Nee fortitudo lapidis fortitudo mea, nee caro " mea caro aenea." Si audientia prsesumptionis repel- litur, rogo suscipiatur sedulitatis invigilantia. Nequivi conceptum tenere spiritum quominus in hae parte sal- tem occasionem pnustiturus [sim] sapienti, licet non ut ' A sirailai- instance of excessive I of his predecessor, Peter of Tewkd- ?crupulosity is r.arrated by Ecclcston I bury, See p, 05. EPiSTOL.^:. 327 volui, tamen lit valui, hoc tantilluui iirgeutius expri- merera. Super eo quod venerabilem matronam dominarn de Tholeslimd contingit, prout vobis placere insiniiastis, operam dare propono apud dominum Lincoliiiensem. Consuet^e pietatis vestrre diligenti?e, quam erga me, sit vobis sempiLerna retributio, jiigiter experior fla- grare fulgentius, pro eo etiani quod non interpellanti voluistis apud prsedilectum patreni custodem Cantebru- gice, quoad fieri potuit, expedire iiegotiuiu nostrum ; pro eo utinam condignas refero gi-atiarum actiones ! Remitto vobis transcripta litteraruni domiui regis FrancitTQ et domini Tliuscalonice de excidio exercitus Christiani in ^gypto et statu Terras Sanctse. Sobrie- tatem, prudentiam, justitiam, virtutem, quibus nihil est utilius homiiiibus in vita salvandis animabus, per sanctitatis vestraj ministerium, doceat Dei sapientia in Christo Jesu semper, etc. CLXXXII. Fratri W. Ministro Aur/lke, Frater Ada hum'deni devot'i fariiula.tus ohedientiam. Quoniam carissimus frater J.,' custos Oxonite, si cut in- ^'^'-'^ ^" „ . n . T . . . . ., account of tellexi, ad auctoritatis vestr^e jussionem, super omnibus his pro- progressum nostrum in pai'tes ultramarinas et ab eisdem f^^^t^-^f ^° regTessum contingentibus, cum ceteris qua^ insinuanda tion of the putavit pietati vestnie, litteratoriam fecit eertitudinem, ^-^^ ^^ supervacuum censui illorum soUicitudinis importunse Canter- naiiantibus iter are, succinctiori compendio, quse in " ^' prgesentiarum videbantur intimanda, nequaquam prie- teriens sub silentio. Siquidem postquam de prtesurnpto vestrse sanctitatis assensu, et de consensu mei custodis expresso, domino Cantuarise tam Londini quam alias in ' Doubtful. 328 ADyE DE MARISCO episcopatu Londinensi, urgentioribus victus instantiis, ]ocis pluribus in exercitio visitationis, quam (sit benedic- tio divino Nomini !) et jugiter, et prudenter, et clementer et constanter, cum concordi cunctorum expedivit tran- quillitate, personaliter astiteram, de memorati domini sustinentia, dimissis cum eodem dilectis fratribus R. de Rostun, et G. de Ver, ex consulta gardiani Londinen- sis provisione, residuo visitationis in dicto episcopatu perficiendo, reversus Londinum ob varia grandium July 26tb. causarum negotia in crastino beati Jacobi, indcque pro- Aug. 1st. fectus veni Bugedenum in festo Scti. Petri ad Vincula, ad dominnm Lincolni^, de corporali valetudine Dei misericordia melioratum, tarn secundum consistentiam carnisj quam secundum spiritus sanctimoniam, super humanam sestimationem propitiatione Divina melius TheArcli- aliquid providente. Ubi memorati patris domini Can- wish°^ tuariensis per cursorem, portitorem jDr^esentium, litteram Rob. de recepi in crastino beati Sixti, pr^eferentem magnum some'fr'iar dignitatis swce desiderium, ut per provisivam considera- with him. tionis vestriB benevolentiam eidem concedatur prsefatus °' frater Robertus de Rostun, saltern usque ad festum Sep. 29th. Sti. Micliaelis, optatum suie visitationis adjutorium ; mei quoque qualiscunque non negetur assistentia per- sonalis ad id ipsum, de benigno discretionis vestrre con- silio : a cujus domini metropolitani primatu, cum prae- sertim liis diebus pessimis tanta pendeat in regno Dei, sicut ecclesiis omnibus notum est, salutis ccelicae refor- matio, evidentem mepe modicitatis insufficientiam ma- jestatis ipsius indeficiens obsecratio, quic^ e duobus malim compellit ambigere ; videlicet aut ipsius ac- tuoso copulari contubernio, aut mei otioso jucundari silentio. Nempe nescio : Deus scit quid sibi velit, quod longe amplius retro temporibus humilitatem meam sua sublimitas, ut video, et obtemperanter audit, et attendit intelligenter et diligenter excipit, et siistinet perseveranter in sanctitatis amplectendas ut- cunque monitis insistentera. EPISTOL.E. . 329 Proinde .si secundum considerate congruentium tem- porum interv^alla, provisiva dispensationis vestnB diser- titudo, quantum ad meam attinet, ant alterius cujus- cunque fratrum personam, sfepe dicti domini Cantuari- ensis obsecrationibus, tam sancta salvific?e pietatis con- templatione subnisis, condescentium^ salutari sedulitate censuerit ob Salvatoris intuitum, fateri compellor, ipso proestante v'hg gratiam et gloriam patrios, tam in clero quam in populo, cumulatius ampliabitis, ut reor indubitanter, maxime quousque fratre Gregorio de Bosell reverse, per Altissimi dispositionem de vestra circumspectione super his et aliis salubriter ordinetur, et mihi, si Deus voluerit, parcatur ab occupationum varietatibus ad illas in veritate niinime reputabiles.^ Utinara mihi ccelitus donetur vivo paternitatis vestrse in Domino maturius frui colloquio ! Conservetur pietati vestrpe sincera sospitas in Christo, etc. CLXXXIII. Fratrl W., Minlstro A)iglia% Frater Ada suppllcem devoti famidatus obedientiam. Si non tam cansse salutaris exigentia, quam in- For the stantia fraternaa pietatis hoc apud meam obtiuuisset ^'^.'^[^^''-y''» . r . . . wishes to exihtatem, ad persuasam spiramine divino clementiam, be admitted cunctarer a j)astorali;s oiiiciuin, prtesertini in pr;\;cipua tant?e sublimitatis professione, contra terrificara aiteruos dis- trictionis sententiam, Deo reducente, repellct quod peri- erat seducente Diabolo ? Quid inultis morer ? Benevolani auctoritatis vestrte providentiam, pedibus vestris provoluti, efFusa totius conaminis alTectione rogamus, devotissinie supplicantes, quatenus ob Ipsius contemplationem, qui obstinatte prodigalitatis filium post devoratam substantiam cum dissohitiori luxuria, de regione dissimilitudinis ad ])a- ternam reversuni miserationem, non tarn in pristini gradus gratiam restituendum censuit, sed lionore cumu- latiori liberalius ampliavit, intra consuctum misericor- dioris dementias siuum memoratum Hugonem una nobiscum admittere non ducatis indignum. Ubi necesse est, ad exemplum Summi Judicis, sic censura sajviat ut non excludat clementiam ; sic dementia leniat ut non emolliat censuram. Credimus indubitanter quod, prout expedii'B censueriti.s quousque peccator pcenitena pulsando perse verat, ipsum periclitari non remittetis i pra3 penuria victualis subsidii, secundum reficiendiu ne- I cessitatis exigentiam. I Conservet, oramus, sospitem paternitatis vestrie pie- tatem Salus omniuiii in Cbristo Jesu semper et beatis- I sima Virsino. 3-12 AD.E DE MARLSCO cxc. Frcdri W., Ministro Anglice, Frater Ada suhjedum supidicls ohedientiw famulatum. The Arch- Sincerissimaiu pietatis vestrie litteram, quee non «^"■6111 for^ ^^^^^ suavem semulationem, quam soUicitudiiiem officio- his coin- sani placidre religionis erga modicitatem ineam, sit oro ^ ^" sanctitati vestrte sempiterna retributio, se tota pnefere- bat, ill partibiis Londonine constitutiis suscepi feria Oct. 20th. secuiida proxima post festum St. Liic^e. Veni quoque Nov. 7th. in crastiiio Scti. Leonardi Oxoniam, ibidem secimdiim quod propitia fuerit superna dis}>ejisatio, quoad fieri valebit, juxta benignum sereiiitatis vestr?e beneplacitum moraturus. Neuipe licet domino Londinensi et fratri Jolianni de Sancto Egidio, necnon et mihi, per litteram apostolicam delegata sit cogTiitio judicialis in eam, quse vertitur inter dominum regem ex mia parte, et domi- num Menevensem ex altera parte, et nihilominus exili- tati rnese incumbat ad mandatum papale cognoscere judieialiter in causa quse vertitur inter Menevensem ex parte una, et dominum abbatem Gloverni?e ex parte altera, cum quibus collegis nescio. Et insuper dominus Cantuariensis et domina regina, cum benevolis eormii, vehementibus egerint instantiis, ut ipsius do- mini domestico jungerer contubernio. Provisiva dispen- sationis divin^B dementia mihi spero prospexit mise- ricordius ab his, et hujusmodi molestissimis intolerabilium angustiarum occupationibus, per imperiosam regite ma- jestatis obsistentiam, eximi pro tempore, sit divino No- inini gratiosa benedictio, Deo melius aliquid providente. Oxoniam regressus vix respiro inter sibi succedentia tur- baminum horrendorum cruciamina. Imperet Dei Filius, excitantibus ipsum viris apostolicis, ventis et mari, ut fiat tranquillitas magna. EPISTOL.'E. 34(3 Acceptissiino patri nostro, fratri Roberto de Thorn- ham/ paternitatis vestnie filio probatissimo, quern mul- tipliciiiSj ut vos i)otissime nostis, duplici honore conver- sationis et reoiminis dig-nificant emineutiie clariores, juxta prsesentem suse valetudinis exigentiam, quanta possum afFectionis diligentia rogo, consolativa lati cordis industria subveiiire curetis, propter divini Nominis lionorem et consideratioiiem frateriii profectus. Scio ad coelitus persuasum import unum erit insistere supplica- toriis. Credo fore consultum, ut dum medel?e corporali datur opera, memorato fratri vicario provideatur in vicario cures spiritualis. Spero quod in his et in aliis docebit vos unctio quie docet de omnibus. De officio resumendo eruditionia impendend?e nescio si ante instans natalitium Domini fieii poterit quod opto, vobis hoc volentibus. Memini rne Herefordire juxta conjecturam meam insinuasse discretioni vestra?, quod ante memoratum tempus hoc aggredi non valerem. Cogito tamen hoc maturare prout Dominus donaverit. Sicut fuerit voluntas in coelo, sic fiat. Concedat, oro, Altissimus studiormn salutaribus exercitiis spiritum iu- fallibilis consiUi et fortitudinis insuperabilis, per Jesum Christum semper ad interventum beatissimro Virginis. Pro vestibus sacris vestiat vos Sacrum Lumen, quo ami- ciamini sicut vestimento. In seternum valete. Amen. CXCI. Johanni pairl d prieceptori discreto^ Frater Add Jilialis ohedientice faviidatum supplicem. Cum inter corporis vexamina et molestamina mentis Over- etiam optatam studii litteralis vacationem penitus exclu- ^jjh'l^ dentia, per dominum Cantuarise et comitem Cornubise at the ' See Epist. CLXXIX. 1 ' A blank occurs after this -word. 344; AD.E DE MARISCO Arch- bis diebus nou mediocrem liominis vitriusque inqiiieta- ins^uT' tionem sustinuissem, idem doininus arcLiepiscopus afflic- on his pre- tioiiibus addens afflictiones miserum priegi'avavit mi- Convoca- serabilem. Nempe satagebat omnimodis personalein tion. exilitatis mese pr?esentiam exhil^eri ad instans festum Jan. 14th Sancti Hilarii Londini, in congi-egatione pontificv.m ante memoratam solemnitatem imdecim diebus, ad ipsuni ni- liilominus personaliter accessuro.^ Ut quatenus super- clemens Di^■initas aspiraverifc sedandis foi-midabilis diffidentise seditionibiLS tam dudum excitatis, quam nupei- obortis in prtelatis et proceribus, in clero et populo, ecclesise et regni Anglise, detur opera salntaris dilifjentioris -s-ionlantife. O Domine Deus exercitnmn, quid exigTiis ineptiis et tantis negotiis ? Quid iniimse abjectioni et altitudini horribili? Quid extreme pecca- tori et supreme saluti? Nempe longe a peecatoribus salus. Adjecit quoque prfpfatus archipontifex, importu- niori urgentia cm-ans omnimodis renitentem inducers, ut in \isitationibus faciendis per ipsum in provincia sua post dies paucos, sicut proponit, eidem sicut olim assiduitat^ jugi nullatenus cuncter assistere ; quod cimi quantis t^nibilium discriininum inundantus utique tieret, yds nostis melius quam ullus noverit. Ad qua) cuncta cum obtenderem evidentiores defectuum meo- rum insufficientias, et cogentiorem patemitatis vestrse prseceptionem, non sine fratrum instantia concordi super officio resumendo eruditionis impendendse divinorum eloquionim, quod liactenus, ut rcor, occasione ipsius domini diutius est intermissum, et iiisuper in liac pai-te ssevientem regiae majestatis indignationem cum minationibus proliibitionis districta^ vehementiis : cum, inquam, hoi-uni et similiiun vectes et ostia ponerentur, ubi certe vorago abyssalis confringeret tumentes fluctus suos, perstitit dominus ssepe dictus auctoritate jussionum, ratione persuasionum, supplicationc petitionum, coac- S-c. EPISTOL^E. 345 tioiie privilegionun, agens improbitate grandioii ne in tanta negotiorum quani jisserit necessitate, sua* inteii- tionis sustineat quantalibet conditione repnlsam. Igitnv ecce coram dementi sanctitatis vestrpe patro- cinio si pateret scisso pectore cor saucinm neqnaquam panderet moerentis animee superanxias acrimonias, redi- viva redundantia vitpe domicilium non sine luctu letnm minitante concutientes atrociiis. Quid enim ? Si lioc quod vereor inexplicabilius evenerit, non video nisi ut in omne tempus, si tamen modicum restet, quoad vixero suspendatur, quod absit, et studium Aiviiicte veri- tatis agnoscend?B et otimn salvifica3 sanctitatis asse- quendfp. Quorum detrim.enta, ne dicam damna, prieser- tim exitu propinquante, quis nisi perditissimse vesaniiB vecordes excjecati non videt insiccabilis lacrimsB lamento prolixiori assequenda? Hie est enira planctus Unigcniti, quem ut valuit sermo proplietalis aperuit : " Quis," inquiens, " daljit capiti meo aquam, et oculis meis " fontem lacrimarum, et plorabo die ac nocte inter- " fectos filias populi mei?"' In tetra spiritus mcesti^ caligine, atro liquore ' cordis linguse calamus intinctus prsesentes pinxit cliaracteres nocturnus, diurno quippe non vacavit. Denique quid dicam ? Sileo quia nescio. Sit vobis, oro, Christus Dei virtus, Dei sapientia, Dei sanctificatio, et vigor invictus, et sensus indeceptus, et zelus irremissus in his et in omnibus, per inter- ventvim superbenedictum beatissima3 Virgiuis. Non tani temporis quam mentis angustia angiLstavit epistolam. Eescribite maturius precor (piod inspiraverit spiraculum Omnipotentis. Talibus litteris scripsi qualibet quod volui, quamvis ut volui non valui. Amplius tamen expressi. Sit, o})to, pietati vestrte recommendatior Hugonis Cote, per Angelorum presidium et vestrum ministerium, divinitus edomanda indomabilis pervicacia. Amen. ' ;»;r.v'c', ^IS, I ' liqiicris, MS. 346 AD.E DE MARISCO CXCII. Fratri W., Mintfitro Anfjlice, F rater Ada Jmonilcm obe~ dientice reverentialis famulatum. Discus- Ut sanct?e pateniitatis vestrse dlscretioni processus th°°lJni- ^"^ diebus habitus super facto fratris Tliomte cle versity of Eboraco promoveudi ad officium eruditionis impendend^ Oxford on T . i . , . , , . . the adrais- divmorum eloquiorum/ juxia quod m prtesentiarum et sion of utilitas pia requirit et comi^ellit iusta necessitas, Thomas i • • , , . , • 2 of York piemus imiotescat, piTesentem cartam, seriem rerunr Eegent in contiueiitem, deiiberatione prpe^da sinceritati A^estroe "^ ' destinare consensi. Igitur cum supplicationmn dili- Feb. 22nd. gentia per quindenam integram a festo Catbedrag Beati Petri sub aliquo iiitervallo usque ad Sabbathum vigi- Jklarch 8th. lips xl. Martyrum, pro negotio memorato sollicius apud uuiversitatem protensa^ fuisset, secundum quod vobis pleuius, ut reor, retuKt carissimus pater, frater J custos OxoniiB, memorato Sabbatho convenerunt can- cellarius et magistri et bachelarii quid am, qui prius elegerant de se vii. commissarios, ut ordinarent super eo quod petitum est, de praefato fratre Thoma, et for- mam statuti conciperent super incepturis in theologia deinceps ; qui septem commissarii ordinaverunt, quod si- cut petitum est, liac vice frater Thomas inciperet, non obstante impedimento objecto eidem, scilicet quod in ar- tibus non rexerit ; insuper statuentes vice cancellarii et universitatia, quod in posterum nullus incipiat in theo- logia nisi prius inceperit in liberalibus, et imum librum canonis aut Sententias legerit, et publice in universitate prsedicaverit. Et si quis pro aliquo, qui hunc defectimi patitur, preces magnatum auctoritate armatas impetra- verit, penitus universitatis privetur privilegio, et quod See Epist. CLXXXVIir. [ ^protenso, MS. 7?, MS. EPISTOL.i:. S-tV Imic statute subscriberent et cancellarius et omnes ma- gistri regentes in Sacra Scriptura, et frater Hugo de Mistretune, et cseteri magistri regentes in decretis et le- gibus, et duo rectores pro artistis, et frater Ada dictus de Marisco. Qure cum recitata fuissent coram omnibus, et quia non consensi ut scriberem propter causas quas obtendebam, dilatum fuit colloquium usque in crastinum, sc. Dominicam quadragesima3. Quo die, cum ob plu- res causas, quas prius obtenderam, et assererem me uullatenus subscriptm-um, post varias alterca.tiones ab liucusque in feriam secundam continuo secuturam, pro- rogatum est negotium ; quum prtesentibus cancellario et magisti'is et scholaribus iteravi adhuc rationes, aliquibus additis, propter quas non adquie\i in liac parte eorum voluntati ; ut sicut omnes quasi aggregata?, quia quando alias actum est multum instanter, ut tale statu tum roboraretur auctoritate universitatis, ego ipse quantum Viilui egi omnimodis ne hoc fieret, contradicens, sicut visum fuit, non sine assignatione causarum majorum ex- ceptione qualicmique. Semper etiam et continue post hoc hucusque dissentiens, reatum levitatis incurrerem si subscriberem, cum, causis sentiendi similiter se haben- tibus, super eodem dissimiliter sentirem. Adhuc etiam quod vitium falsi evidentius admittereni, si quasi victus cupiditate obtinendi quod petebam statute sub- scriberem, quod mihi non placuit, corde a digitis dissi- dente. Et niliilominus cum videPttur infallibiliter, quod in frequentes eventus, licet cancellarius et universitas sibi retinuerint potestatem dispensandi ex causis oppor- tunis contra statutum hujuscemodi, tamen sicut fieri assolet pr?esertira in hujuscemodi universitatibus, sicut frequens docet experientia per contradictionem imius- cujuspiam posset talis gratia aut perperam retardari aut impediri penitus. Unde etiam ille repelleretur in quern clarior gloria concurreret meritorum, et quem di- vinitas approbaret, reprobaret inhumanitas. Insuper 348 AD.E DE MARISCO <|uod uou expediret iiec decerefc ut mei asseiisut!) vol subscriptio requireretiir ad sua statuta roboranda, qui jam per triemiiuin quasi foras fiictus cessaveriin a do- cendi officio in eorum universitate. Demum, quod ipsu- runi gTatia, tarn Imnnli toties postulata supplicatione, inhonestius violata degenerai'et in saivitiam, quam niilii nisi sub extorta con.sensione non concederent. Subfuifc prpe omnibus his ratio potior, quani suppressi de judicio, qufe vehementius obstitit (^uoininus in hac parte requisitis cancellorii et universitatis p)-?eberem as- sensum. Prseter quaj omnia, sicut pra^fatis Sabbatlio et Die Dominica, feria secunda prtecise asserui coram om- nibus in lisec verba : " Ego isti statuto vestro nee sub- " scribo nee illud statuo, nee consentio nee etiam con- " tradico, cum licet sit periculosum admodum, et mihi " non complacitum, non videtur secundum planum sui " prffiferre iniquitatem ;" rogans ut precibus supplicum suorum tam frequenter interpositis benevolum adbibe- rent assensum. Q.uibuK ^ic excursis factum est, ut de voluntate cancellarii et universitatis, memorati commis- sarii seorsum Herent, omnibus prfBsentium negotiorum articidis sine morte dispeudio linem imposituri. Ego autein cunctis corde valefiiciens de concione recessi, exjx'ctans super universis responsum cancellarii, qui niihi per cartulani pra?sentibus inclusiim nianu pro])iia statim conscriptain respondere sui gratia curavit. May oth. Post hajc autem omnia feria quarta sequente, scilicet die Beati Gregorii, profectus sum Tyngeliyrst ad donii- num Lincolnipg multis ex causis valetndinem satis mo- lestam sustinens oculorum. Sit benedictio divino No- mini, relicto lionore, quem milii ademptum non doleo, dilectissimo patri fratri Petro de Manners pra^sidendi in inceptioue fratris Thoniib de Eboraco, ad gloriani divini Nominis, prieconsulto super eodeni omni gratia dignissimo patrc, lionorabili fratre Mattlueo, priore fra- tnnn pnydicatorum in Anglia. (Jujus incei)tionis ves- KPisroL/E. 349 pere in crastino Beati Grefforii, feria quinta, et ipsa Thursday, niceptio dispensation e leria sexta proxima seqiiente ex- peditfB sunt in Domino. Cogitavi in confectione prfef^entium transferre me Thinks of maturius Radingam, valetudinis levigandae causa per ^^ Readin'^ Salvatoris medelam, qui sanat omnia. Succinxi scriptu- ram, sperans per ainicissimum patrem, fratreni Johannem de Stanford, apud clementiam vestram satacturum et mo- dieitati mere satisfacturum, super urgentibus necessita- tum mearuni articulis, de benigna circumspectionis ves- tra3 vigilantia, per strenuam interventus sui sedulitatem. Concedat, oro, Domiims Deus virtutuiii pietati vestra?, ut in oinnibus quod prudenter discernit, agit fortiter, temperanter cohibet, distribuit nsqualiter, ad ilium finem jugiter referat ubi est Deus omnia in omnibus, seter- nitate certa et pace perfecta, in Chiisto Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. Obsecro, pater, consueta provisionis vestrte suavitas propter Dominum et in Deo carissimo fratri Ricardo Coruubire, viro cui opus non est apud sollertem ves- tr;i3 paternitatis experientiam interpellatio commenda- ticia, prospicere velit in adjutorio competenti secretfe societatis in officio subveniendi et scribendi subsidio. Frater Thomas Bacliun de conventu Notingham pu- tatur ad hoc fore non tam idoneus quam voluntarius. Plures, ut audio, reperientur opportuni ad nunc dic- tum ft'atris obsequium, si scriptural quas ex studiosa pra^fati fratris R. vigilantia manibus suis conscripserint, singulis ^ sure concedantur in usus utilitatis privata^, tam ad communitatis profectum ampliorem. iingul. 350 ADM DE MARISCO CXCIII. Fratri W., Ministro Angliw, Fixder Ada. Ill behalf XJna cum domino Thoma de Wyke, latere prtesen- Wyke, a tiiim, paternitati vestr^e liumiliter supplico, rogans priest, -who obnixius quateiius eidem, licet longe sit excellentior in be admitted ecclesiasticse liierarchise dispositis * divinitus ordinibus a Minorite, presbyteratus monachatu, tamen impar humeris eccle- siastici regiininis onus declinanti, et institutionis re- lio-iosre securiorem vacationem studiis levigatis affec- tanti, cujtis desiderii fervores Deus ignis consumens in ipsius corde, ut video, succendit ardentius, jannam clementiee sakitaris ob Salvatoris contemplationera aperire velitis ; proviso per omnia nt propter pia Filii Dei vnlnera detur opera, quoad fieri poterit, fidelis, ne per ipsius cessionem, faucibus Satanse grex dominicus exponatur devorandus. Sed antequam sacrum induat liabitum, apud sacrileges, ut vereor, j^atronos, sicut immensa res expostulate satagatur per ducatura Omni- jDotentis salutare negotium agi ad salutem animarum. Sit vobis, oro, perenniter benedictionis coelicse illumi- natio salutiva in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. Qui solus bonus est vestri meminerit in bonum, pro eo quod, ut jugiter experior, niei, licet in- digni, apud piam recordationem vestram jugiter vivit memoria. Commendet, obsecro, vestrae sanctitatis fidelissima caritas Symonem comitem Leycestria3 innovatione redi- viva sanctissimis filiorum vestrorum, fratrum nostrorum, suffragiis in Domino. ilispbilis. EPISTOL.E. 351 CXCIV Fratri W., Ministro Anglicc, Frater Ada devotum humilis ohedientice famulatum} Hugonem Cote, latorem praesentium, ad vos rever- i^or Hugh tentem, ad imitatum ejus qtii ait, " Si occideiit me, ° °* " sperabo in eum," suadelis sermonum ad siiasum divi- nitus supersedens supplico, una cum eodem pietatis vestrse pedibus provolutus, ut propter sacrosanctum sanguinem testamenti, quern pro salute ipsius expres- serunt pia vulnera Filii Dei, in fidei lenitate suscipi- atis, januas miserationis a?ternse clernentius aperientes, in probitate salutari perse verantius in salutis Auctore pulsati." Utinam sapientia, qupe desursum est, humanse peiitic© radios igneos exsufflans excsecet oculos, et 2ion tantiuii attingat a fine usque ad finem fortiter, quam disponat omnia suaviter. Prrestet Dei Verbum, oro, ut quod nequit necessarium eloquium, obtineat silentium opportunum. Valeat, etc. cxcv. Desideratissimo iKdt'i in Christo, Fratri W., Vicario Fratrum Minorum \iii\ Anglia, Frater Ada salu- iem in Domino. Ut quid vigenti virtuti, circumspectoe prudenti^e, intercedes pia3 affectioni praetenderem prophets Domini confes- foi" Robert • nf- T • • • TT. • A de Kouele. sionem, nlii prodigi poenitentiam, Petri Apostoli la- crimam, et fratris Roberti de Kouele, dilecti filii vestri et carissimi fratris nostri, causam agerem apud clementian vestram, quam indubitanter dudum novi ' See Epist. CLXXXIX. | - Sic. 852 AD.E DE MARLSCO Christum egisse apud suavem caritatis vestrre com- passionem ; verum cuin prfefato fratre ad liorulam nuper per juvenileni imperspectiouem modicvim di- gresso, et per compunctionem, quasi aversus non fuerit, reverse, vestram proiius rogo benevolentiam, suppli- cans aiixius quatenus eundem ad janvuxs misericordiie vestrie, cum vestri reverentia et svii confunione pul- santem, intuitu Ipsius qui pulsiinti aperit et petenti largitur, ad reconciliationis gratiam admittere non du- catis indignum. Valeat desideratissimus mihi pater in Cliristo sem- per et beatissima Virgine. Videte qualibus litteris scripsi vobis mea manu misera. Quicunque autem vo- lunt placere in carne, hi cogunt vos in hoc fratris casu et similibus indurari ad filios^ quasi non sint vestri, ut tamen crucis Christi, cui se, ne dicam men- tientes Spiritui Sancto, devoverant, tribulationem non patiantur. Iterum iu a^ternum valete, etc. CXCVI. Diled'isf^imo patri in C'hristo, Fratri J., Cufifodi Wigo^-nia', sui in omnibus devoti Fvatres J. de- Stanford, A. de Murisco, TJiomas de Ebontco, sal V tern in Domino} For Hugh Meritum circa animarum acquisitionem melius con- ^^^' jicitur ex divinissimo amore Salvatoris, qui pro earum- dem reparatione unicam illam pretiosissimam ipsius animam exposuit, secundum quod Ipse dicit in Jeremia : " Dedi dilectam animam meam in manu inimicorum ' In the marghi this note is ap I text : — ^^Frater Tliomas de Ehor. die- pended, in the same hand as the I tavit I'dteram isiam ut cestlmo." EPISTOL^. 353 " ejus." Propter quod circa animam Hugonis Cote, latoris p]'?esentiura, de faucibus infernalibus revocan- dam sollicius iusistentes, decrevimus caritati vestrse labores vestros derelinquere, siquidem cum impetu ruinse prceceps gradiebatur, nostris monitis impetum suum dereliquit, et ordinationi miiiistri omnino se sup- posuit ; unde promptus existens ad suam salutem quse- i-endam accedit nunc ad ministrum, ut sequatur cum quocunque ierit, donee visitaverit eum Oriens ex alto, illuminetque abscondita tenebrarum, et revelet scien- tiam salutis in remissionem peccatorum ejus. Scimus enim eum multum offendisse, et ob hoc oft'ensam fra- trum incurrisse. Propter hoc sollicita erit vestra pietas et fratrum commotiones, prout possibile est, sedare, et ejusdem infirma supportare, et etiam per suaves coHa- tiones, si qua^ in eo incepta sunt confirmare, et eundem ad meliorem spem provocare. Ca^terum cum et ilia temporalia qufie habuit, per consilium vestrum dereliquit, vestram rogamus clemen- tiam quatenus (juamdiu infra terminos vestros sit, eidem per providentiam vestram in victualibus provi- deatur. Ei quidem sicut alii pauperi subveniri potest, et eo misericordius, quo in speculo stetit periculosius. Rogamus insuper, quatenus apud ministrum negotium BJusdem promovere velitis. CXCVII. Fratri W., Mlnistvo Anglicje, Frater Ada salutem, et tivin dehitani qiiam devotam per omnia suhjecti- onis ohedientiam. Notum sit honorabili paternitatis vestrse pietati. In com- quod cum dilectus frater de Maddele ad me Oxoniam ^f Walter accessisset, et ego eundem, iuxta quod mihi visum fuit, Maddeiey, -. ,• , • ^ • 11 J '^^'lom he secundum tenorem mandati vestri luissem ailocutus, considers 354 AD/E DE MARISCO books and conveni- ences for study. to be hardly ipse milii responclit se nequaqnam procurasse apiid used in not j^i^igt,rum p-eiieralem ut per eius auctoritatem ab being pro- » _ ... videdwith Anglia vocaretui' in alia provincia collocandus, asse- reiis quod nee etiam adliuc liujus rei gerit desiderium, cum certa pro incertis, sicut circumspecte protestatur, nullatenus sint deserenda. Cseterum tenorem mandati, quod minister generalis ad vos destinavit pro fratribus mittendis Parisius, prior ipse mihi retulit, quam eidem super hoc aliquid expressius insinuassem. Ad lisec, de investigandis expositionibus Sacrse Scriptui'se in libris originalibus Sanctorum cum eodem contuli, sicut mandastis, qui prompta devotione paratum se obtulit, ut dignum est, omnino non tam ad hoc, quam ad omnia qutecunque ei salutariter duxeritis injungenda. Quoniam igitur modicitatis mea? consilium super in- stant! articulo emittendorum fratrum de provincia ves- tra requirere voluit vestra circumspecta discretio, per- pensis ut valeo rerum circumstantiis, vobis innotesco quod, ut video, satius est, tam fratre Johanne de Westun^ quam fratre W. de Maddele - in praesentiarum apud vos retentis, per reliquos mandatum generalis impleatis, studio Parisiensi in prsesenti necessitatis urgentia providentes. Sic enim, ut puto, et opportu- nius Divino servietur honori, et fratrum utilitati cumulatius prospicietur, et commodius cari nostri, de quibus soUicita est vestra paternitas, ad ecclesiasticam utilitatem per eosdem in fvituris temporibus efficien- dam, propitia Divinitate, proficiant. Adliuc in calce litterte non exiliter mirandum cen- seo, quod carissimo fratri W. de Maddele, qui onus Divinoe eruditionis impendendae sibi jamdudum impo- situm diligenter hactenus continuavit in obsequiali ad- jutorio, nescio per quam circumspectionis severitatem ' Weston was Reader in Theology at Cambridge. See Ecclest. p. .38. 40. - This is the friar of -whom Ec- cleston tells the amusing anecdote mentioned at p. 28. See also Epist. CLXX. EPT.STOL.E. 8j5 nondum fuit provisuni. Uncle cogitur nimirurn non solum spiritum vitalem per studiorum veliementiam ex- liaurire, veriim etiain manii propria scriptitaiido in dies corporale robur atterere, cum non sit fortitude lapidis fortitudo sua, nee caro ejus caro aenea est. Et quid est quod coeteris fratribus officio legendi deputatis, prassertim quibus successit, in magnis provisum est voluminilms, et in sociorum subventuum ^ adjutoriis, iste solus videtur non curari ; qui tamen, ut audio, banc divinitus est assecutus gratiam, ut sit in legendo suavis, acutus in disserendo, in scriptis et eloquiis tam fratribus quam s?ecularibus utilis et acceptus. Erit igitur vestrum, si placet, j)er sedulam pipe paternitatis soUicitudinem in hac parte, sicut expedire noveritis, absque morsB dispendio, et paci mentium consulere et studentium providere provectui. Rogavit me dilectissimus mihi in Christo frater E,. de Falle, gardianus Stanfordiae, quod et quantum valeo, scio, vestram interpellare pietatem, ut ei in pacifica consolatione per paternam clementiam prospi- ciatis. Rogo, pater mi carissime, salutari obsequio mei, si placet, sanctam et amabilem societatem vestram siffillatim^ in Cbristo. CXCVIII. Fratri W., Ministro Anglice, Frater Ada salutem, cmn spiritu consilii salutaris et impavidw fortitu- dinis. Scripsit mihi nuper vestra pia paternitas, ut in- Ou the sinuarem vobis si in ea perse verarem adliuc sententia ^l^*'V°'^ ^^ ••■ _ Ministers de electione ministrorum, quam aliquando visus fui and Vicars approbare. Ad quod non bene liquet quid respondeam, q[.1^^ cum utrinque imraineant, ut video, multiplicia dam- 1 Sic, MS. z 2 356 AB^ DE MAEISCO norum discrimina. Verumptamen, secundum quod mo- dicitatis mepe tarditas in re tarn magna valet conji- cere, satius erit in hac parte Sanctorum exemplis et. traditionibus Patrum, accedente eisdem rationum effica- cia, adhcerere, quam coactis cassre vociferationis persua- sionibus acquiescere, secundum quod nonnunquam de hoc articulo meos qualescunque conceptus vestrse aperui viva voce discretioni. Mandastis etiam de tribus fratri- bus vobis per litteram exprimendis, quos ad ministerium vicarise in absentia vestra jam instante exilitas mea censeret^ fore nominandos. Quamobrem perpensis per- sonarum et negotii, prout potui, circumstantiis, primo quidem fratrem . . . ,' secundo vero fratrem . . . ," tertio vero fratrem . . . ," secundum pra3ceptionis vestrse te- norem designandos putavi ex ordine. Quorum primus, propter auctoritatem virtutis, secundus propter circum- spectionis experientiam, tei-tius propter pemulationem pietatis, omnes nihUominus propter notre probitatis conversationem, secundum nunc positam seriem occur- runt exprimendi. De desideratissimis patribus, fratre . . . .- et . . , - c?eterisque, inter fratres viris providis et discretis, ad officium liujuscemodi idoneis, hoc omnimodis affecto, in quo eisdem, ni fallor, consultius credo provi- dendum ad Dei honorem, ad sui salutem, ad multorum sedificatiouem, videlicet ut post tam varia et tanta cc- cupationum pondera, post tot et tam distrahentes soUi- citudinum lacerationes, post tot insestimabiles sanctje va- cationis perturbationes, ita considatur, ut et per mentis vigorem, et rationis industriam, et affectionis diligen- tiam, imperfectum suum discutere, et ad perfectiones divinas, charismata Coelestia affluentius percepturi, va- leant conscendere, perceptaque cumidatius postmodum ad profectum aliorum dispensare. Numquid non An- geli Dei sunt ascendentes et descendentes in scala, cui ' censereret. MS. \ 2 All the names are omitted in the MS. EPISTOLJ;:. 357 iiinixum Dominuni vidit ille Patriarcha ? Succingo ser- monem, sciens ciii loquor. Svifficit etenim occasioneni jjrsestare sapienti. Ad liaec signastis, ut de facto fratri.s Thonife de Advises Eboraco, non immerito fi-atribus in Christo carissimo, ^^^^ ■'?^' mas 01 vobis insufficientise mere consilium intimarem : propter York quod discretionis vestrse paternitati, quatenus milii t)e"iieader veritatis contuitus non obducitur, suadeo quatenus at Oxford, dictum fratrem Thomam ob claritatem ingenii, et lit- teraturae peritiam, et moderamen honestatis, quibus divinitus est insignitus, prsecipiatis studio Divinorum eloquiorum applicare, lectiones doctorum audiendo, et investigando scripta dictorum, dum adhuc juvenilis setas maturiora tardat experimenta nequaquam eidem hac vice onus impendendise eruditionis imponentes. Secundum conjecturam meam, si frater Thomas de Eboraco in officio legendi fuerit occupatus, citius forte eveniet quod de ipso timetur. De quo mihi bonum videtur, quod assignetur fratribus Oxoniae pro lectore, ipsum retinendi gratia ad multimodas, Divinitate propitia, utilitates ;^ alias, si sic Dominus de ipso ordinaverit, ut alibi quam in regno Anglire propter electorum utilitatem occupe- tur, non est securum per cautelas humanas supernre dispensationi contravenire. Rosea vit me frater Hugo de Leukenor, frater boni moris et spei laudabilis, vestram interpellare pietatem, ut non displiceat sanctitati vestrce fratribus injungerCj quibus est assignatus pro lectore, ut eidem proviclere, secundum quod competit, satagant, aut ipsum ab obliga- tione dictse assignationis, si sic vestro sederit bene- placito, absoluto, non querantur. Insinuarunt mihi fratres° quidam, quod fratris Thom?e That Tho^ de Maydenstan, novitii, qui diutinse valetudinis dudum Maydenstan > See Epifet. CXCII. 358 AD.E DE 3IARISC0 be not re- laboravit molestia, amotio de conventu Oxoniie, pliuiuin moved ^q quorum convcrsione concepta est spes non modica from Ox- ^ T . T . . T T ford. per Dei luediationem divuutus operanda, damnum am- mabus fore creditm- illatura. Propterea cum memoratis fratribus, accedentibus ad hoc ca3terorum fratruui desi- deiiis, rogo humiliter quatenus dictum fratrera Thomam in collegio nostro ad prassens morari concedatis. Cum fratre J. de Stanford clementite vestr^e obnixius pulso pietatem, supplicans devote quatenus dicto fratri^ Jolianni concedere velitis, ut] secundum quod ordinatum est pro negotiis apostolicis ad j)artes accesserit aquHonares, fratri J. de Warewyk de sibi injunctse poenitentise gravami- nibus aliquid consolatoriai relaxationis temperamentum valeat vice vestra, secmidmn quod Dominus inspii'averit; si tamen hoc merita poenitentis requisierint, misericor- diter impendere. Valeat pise paternitatis vestra^ incokmiitas in Cluisto. Insufficientiam meamj et fratris Johannis carissimam animam apud fratrum pias memorias, si placet, inno- vetis. Yaleant, oro, carissimi fratres socii vestri, et caeteri vestrse sanctitatis filii, in benedicto Salvatore et ipsius piissima Matre. CXCIX. Ffatri W., Ministi'o Anglice, Frater Ada salutem, et devotissimam suhjecti fmnulatus ohedientiam? Begs a Quod facere in persona non valeo, ut valeo facio ^^er hearing for l^tteram ; Videlicet, paternitatis vestras piam profec- Rich. of tionem obsequiali prosequor affectione, quam ad inter- ventum Reginse coelorum et Dei patrocinium protegat, et muniat i^rsesidium Angelorimi, et Sanctorum contu • fratre; JIS. | '^ See Epist. CLXXXIV. EPISTOL.E. 359 berniiim adjuvet, et fiilciat siiftragiiim sacranientoriim, ad gloriam nominis Altissimi et ecclesioe sure salutem. In facto fratris E.. Cornubise obnixins siipplico, juxta consuetam benignas circnmspectionis clementiam, habito cum eodem super statu suo tractatu fainiliarioris dili- gentise, optabilem favorabilis operiTe gratiam propter Do- niinum exhibere non ducatis indignum.^ Mitto voJjis per prpesentiuni portitorem tractatum Ricardi de Sto. Victore de Trinitate corrigendum Parisius, secundum quod mihi vestri gratia viva voce dixistis. Valeat, etc. Insufficieiitiam meam reverendissimo patri ministro generali, cfeteris patribus et fratribus ordinis nostri, prout noveritis et volueritis, rogo, si placet, recommen- detis. Opto supradictum libnun correctum ad me quan- tocius^ remitti, si tamen vobiscum eum non contingat deferri. Iterum in aBternum valete. Inexhaustam liberalitatis vestne munificentiam arbitror plus hono- randam silentio quam eloquio persequendam. Fratrl W., Ministro Angliw, Frater Ada salutem, et devotlssimum perennis ohedientke famidatum. Non tam fraterno3 causa) pietas, quam benignitas Begs that dementias paternse fiduciam prrestat interpellandi, ubi o/the la^e et saluti consulitur, et inservitur, veritati. Proinde !"• of Wor- acceptissimum fratrem Thomam de Dokkyng,^ quern ^jg confer- et suavissimse conversationis lionestas, et claritas in- fed on genii perspicacis, et litteraturre provectioris eminentia, Dokkyug. et facundia prompti sermonis, illustrant insignius, hu- ' See Epist. CCV. I " See Leland's Coll. IV. 343; - quamtociens, MS. | 3G0 AD,E DE MAillSCO militer obsecro, rogaiis obiiixius quateuus circumspectse discretionis liberalitate consueta benignius respicientes, Bibliam carissimi P. de Wygornia pi?e recordationis eidem ad usum salutarem assignare velitis ; tanto per- pensiori favoris sednli gratia prsesentem petitionem, si placet, suscipientes, quanto is pro quo petitur men- tis . clarescit insignibus, et id quod petitur judicio lua- jorum censetur benignius exaudiendum. Insuper nun desunt qui de pretio libri meniorati cumulatius, ut audio, satisfaciant. Valeat, etc. Titulum exclusit occupationvim cogentia, angustavit- que litterajn temporis angustia, quia simul recepi- vestram et rescripsi meani. Paternitatis solamina fili- alem devotionem niagnifice lietiticarunt. Sed conceptum sermonem [non] cohibere non valui de desiderabili filio vestro fratre Williehno de Hedele. Si cedat liominis ratio providentite Divinitatis, gaudendum fore putavi et longanimiter ferendum de irrevocabili fratris R. de Cornubia intentione. Indignam niene modicitatis insufficientiam filiorum et nostrorum fratrum orati- onibus suppliciter rogo per vestrse paternitatis sedulam in Domino recommendari benevolentiam. Valeat hono- randa sanctitatis vestr?e suavitas in Christo, etc. Molestum est, puto, sine causa, quod tantum pro- rogatur vestrpe circumspectionis alloquium. De fratre Eustachio de Normanville, cujus laudanda conversatio fratribus ingerit dignam exultationem, sit per omnia divino Nomini superexaltata benedictio, quod vobis supplicabitur exaudiri desidero dumtaxat liac vice per venerabilem patrem gardianum Oxonise ; necnon et de dilecto fratre H. de Lyndun,' erga quern et mentis angustia et valetudo corporis benigniorem invitat" cle- mentiam. ' See Epist. CCIV. I -' Sic, MS. EPISTOL/E. 361 CCI. Frati'i W., Miiilslro Ajif/lio', F rater Ada sa.lidenh et devoiam nuppllcis ohedientiw famulatum. Cum .seciiii(liini diviiue districtioiiis sententiam in- Kequcsting flexibilem su])erni exainiuis temficam interminatioiieni "''^'^^ , ^ , _ ail apostate })astore.s aniraaruni incurrant, iion tain (|ui quod forte friar a. de est custodire negligmit, quain qui quod abjectuiii est '"""^ ' reducere conteinnunt ; iiovi quod indefessa saiictie sollicitudinis viyilantia, per quain cunctis ad })ietati>s vestne curani pertinentibus jugiter providere curatis, l)etitiones salutares, ad fraternam reforraationem sus- pirantes, in sedulaj miserationis viscerali suavitate nescit non admittere. Quocirca paternitatis vestne per pra>sentem litteram eonsuetam pulso benignitatem, supplicans humiliter et obnixe rogans, quatenus ob con- templationem Ipsius, qui vel qualicunque violatus injuria, vel scelere quantocunque ofFensus, salvificis ad- quiescentem consiliis ab immensa non repellit de- mentia, quondam filium vestrum et fratrem nostrum A. de Brangford, licet reum apostaticse prsevaricationis, tamen avidum salutiferse restitutionis, misericorditer recipere et salubriter expedii'e non ducatis indignum, aut in pristinum ordinis deserti gradum ipsum admit- tendo, aut secundum form am sure impetrationis eidem viam salvationis aperiendo. Valeat paternitatis vestrte sincera sanctitas in Christo Jesu, etc. COIL Fratrl W., Minidro Angllw, Fnder Ada. Quid dicam ignoro de facto ordinis nostri. Video Eegrets thd enim quasi ^ subversum iri universum'^ aadificii sublimis I'e'axauon » qi", MS. i - Sic. 362 AD.i: DE MARISCO pline in {y^ [\Iq structui'aui, tain stupenJa oinuibus sseculis dis- andthelov'e peiisatione clivinitus erectam ; pra^sertim cum a fun- of worldly clamentis non tarn neo^ligatiir per ignaviam, nuani ex employ- ^ ^. . -^ ^ ' ^ ments. arbitrio dissipetiir. JNovicios qiioqiie, quorum vigor validus, et prraclara ingenia, et fervens devotio curari nullatenus videtur ; sed non obstantibus aitatis infir- mitate, caloris flagrantia, et inexperientia inoris, post- quam tamen^ in tanta multitudine tarn electee persona? coelitus a sseculo evocata? collegiis aggregantur, quum," ut vos melius nostis, (et quis vobis consideratius ?) summe eis opus esset et doctrina coelestis et salutis exemplum, et ante omnia devotum sanctre vacationis otium, quasi carni et sanguini, quasi Into et lateribus, quasi lignis et lapidibus, quasi quibuscunque qualicunque compendiolo inundanis questibus totum dandum esset, et proficiendai sanctissimas professionis beatitudini nihil omnino debe- atur, non tam crudeliter quam insipienter, quam et pernecabiliter. Iterum, passim et indifterenter post- posita cura salutari circa illos adhibenda, occurrente quantulacunque occasiimcula in ssecularium pernici- erum discrimina, a quibus sunt evecti per promissas coslicse religionis observantias usque ad Angelorum contubernia, absque cujuscunque districtionis delectu incessanter detruduntur. horreudum focinus ! O detestandam incuriam ! O execrandam impietatem ! Quod divina dementia, per tam pia3 provisionis consi- lium ruenti regno Dei his novissimorum dierum tem- poribus periculosis, in tanta celebritate tam efficax providit subsidium, dissipatur tam conculcabiliter in terra profanatum, ut timeri jDossit, quod vadant et veniant super illud horribiles, quod tamen in fundamen- tali frequentia novellarum animarum subinde, sit di- vino Nomini benedictio, ad nos venientium, ut perficiat tii, MS. I 2 qn, MS. EPISTOL.E. 363 ad pevfectum, I\h constiUiit, cuju.s opera sunt perfecta, et omnes vu\) ejus judicia. Coliibeo calainum, scions quam cificaciter liujiis tanta) rei animse vestrse cliaracteres impresserit beatus Dei digitus. Ut quid ergo auima3 pncscnti idterius la- borarem scriptural prolixioris atramentuni protrahere cfc imponere ? Nullatenus credo (piod securum sit labores profectionis vestrre, quam Salvator protegat, assumere priusquam illam sahitari sacrificio hujus ruinaj refor- mandre Divinitate placata cum omnimoda circumspec- tione muniveritis. Conservet auimam vestram Salvator animarum. CGIIL Flo patrl, Fmtri W., Minidro Angllcv, Fratev Ada salutem et supplicem pro'iwptca devotionis ohedi- eiitimn. Ad clementem piorum viscerum affluentiam tanto Requesting fiducialius in pietatis acceditur negotiis, quanto et deration displicendi desperatio et spes imi)etrandi humilem ad for Hugh ., "■ . ^ '- r\ • deLyndun. mterpellandum animaiit pnusumptionem. (^uocirca pro carissimo mihi in Christo fratre Hugone de Lyndun,^ familiaris amicitii^ mea; modicitati dudum devincto spirituali necessitudine, paternitatis vestrai supplico pietati, cum eodem humiliter obsecrans ut^ perpensis suarum necessitatum articulis, vobis per ipsius litteram expouendis, quatenus et cordis conso- latio et remedium valetudinis requirere cognoscitur, secundum quod beneplacitum vestra; circumspectionis censuerit, et saluti sujb in Domino fuerit consultum, eidem fratri propensiorem pii ftivoris gratiam provi- > See Epist. CC. 364 AD/E DE MARISCO dere non ducatis indignum ; nequaquani putautes ad excessum quod aliquanidiu sub vestri patrociiiii fiducia Oxoniaj moram traxerit, loci custodem expectaus. Valeat pia vestrie sanctitatis iiicolumitas in Christo, etc. Cum dilecto pati-e fratre Martino Gardiaiio Oxoniie, Cceterisque fratribus ibidem commorantibus, ego qualis- cunque vestram per Christum rogo providentiam, qua- tenus fratrum, cleri, et populi, ob Divinum honorem et ministerium salutare suscipientes desiderium, ordi- nare velitis, ut frater G. de Sto. Eadmundo conventui fratrum Oxonipe restituatur, litteram super hoc, si placet, scribentes, sine morse dispendio. Iterum et in jeternum valeat desiderabilis vestrtu benignitatis de- mentia. CCIV. Fratri W., Ministro Anglice, Frater Ada salutem et tarn dehltam qiw.rti devotam hunLilitatis ohc- dientiam. Of the Doleo, mi pater clementissime, quod parvitatis [mete] petitio eftectum non est assecuta, si ratio non obsistit quominus fieret de carissimo Hugone de Lyndun ad incolumitatem corporis et spiritus conso- lationem. Verumptamen licet faciem obducat improbi- tatis repulsse nutans verecundia, mens avida fraternie pacis, sicut reor, non cunctatur super eisdem cartas iraplere characteribus, sciens quod prrestabit paterna benignitas qure non meruit filialis devotio. Hie est ergo obsecrationis meaj calculus, ut ad suavem vestr» pletatis sanctitatem, cum accesserit memoratus frater Hugo, cui me spiritualiter inter mortales teneri fateor, exposito^ vobis viva voce sufe consolationis articulo, ' exposita, MS. same. EPISTOL.E. 805 secundum quod requirit et corporis valetudo et qule- tatio spiritus, eidem consuete miserationis gratia pro- videre nou ducatis indignum. Valeat suavis paternitatis beniguitas in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. CCY. Fratrl W., Minlstro Ancjlici', Frater Ada swpplice'in devotee 'p^^omiititudiiiis ohedicntiam, Quum, quod omnimodis nolo, scribe, quid scribam vix Earnestly inveuio ; calamum tamen, quern recondit amor, timor ^°P^^ ^^^ exserit. Nostis, mi amantissime, quam sit carissima Cornwall fratris Ricardi Cornubia? ^ filiis vestris opportuna prpe- '^r^l^u d sentia, quam titulorum laudabilium eminens evident] a on to stay fratribus universis reddit desiderabilem, cui conversa- j^^"^^!"^^.* tionis lionestas et claritas scientise, pietas afFectionis the jSlinis- et opinionis integritas, facultas erudiendi et disserendi pVovlde subtilitas, sic ad notiora - meritorum suffragantur ar- him with T , . • p 1 • 1 J • whatever gumenta, quod et ipsorum manitesta consideratio nos- jg requisite tra? professioni magnorum, mediocrium, et minoruin, for his de- tam in clero quam in populo, sakitare contubernium pariter et fidelem amicitiam conciliare cognoscuntur. Proinde cum ante dies aliquot ob veliementiores per- turbationum occasiones dictus frater R. inexorabile concepit propositum transferendi se, secundum con- i cessionem ministri generalis olim indultam, in provin- ' See Epist. CXCIX. CC. This See Eccleston, p. 39. Roger Bacon Richard of Cornwall, sometimes speaks of him with great contempt, called Richard of England, so great acknowledging, however, that he a favourite, gave lectures on Ari- i v/as famosissmus infer stuUam tur- stotle in the University of Paris, } bam. ■with great applause. lie was after- i - notiira, MS. ■wards Divinity Reader in Oxford, i 3GG AD.-E DE MARISCO ciam Francise, secundum quod fuerit propitia Divi- nitas Parisius aliquamdiu moraturum, et sic eidem ulterius angustiiTe desolatio, cum ad manendum nobis- cum ipsum cogat detinentia prorogatior, non tarn amantissimo fratri voluntarie compatieiis, quam invite consentiens anxioribus ejus instantiis, pro saepe memo- rato fratre E.icardo, et cum illo, cum quantis possum afFectuum diligentii.s, et vice cpeterorum fi-atrum eum ad reternam salutem a?mulantium, obsecro suppliciter exorans obnixius ut, si prseexhibitis circumspectionis paternfe remediis ad remanendum apud nos nullatenus induci valeat, ex inolita' benignce sedulitatis dementia, propter superbenigni Salvatoris contemplationem, sus- pensum desiderii filialis exitum, cum idoneo societatis solatio et necessario codicum adjutorio, secundum ccelitus datam vobis industriam, jDia prosecutione ma- turare curetis. Insipiens factus sum : postulantis ur- gentia me coegit. Valeat paternitatis vestras pietas. Ne forte memorige [exciderit] vestra?, propter occupationum varietatem, tenor indulgentialis litterse, quam piissimus pater minister generalis fratri R. in suo recessu reliquit, dictfe litterre tenorem signo mem.orati generalis signatse, quern nuper aspexi, adhuc penes prpefatum fratrem R. rema- nentem, sanctitatis vestrse discretioni sub sigillo nostro mitto transcriptum. CCYI. Fratri B., Ministro Aiicjlicv, Frater Ada. Enclosing Mitto vobis litteram milii a ministro generali des- fro^nthe tinatam, si placet, inspicieiidam, ut, si fieri potest a Minister vestra3 patcruitatis circumspecta discretione, declinem General. j. t t • . , . , Dreads ^^^^^ dispendiosam ammo, corporique tarn unportunam EPiSTOL^':. 307 111 prresentlarum vexationem. Nempe nostis apud iiie above all et A'irtutis defectionem, et temiitatem liebetudinis, et tTsk^",,!!"^ lumiiium teneritudinem, et jx?tatis provectioneui, et p^sed upon valetudinuin discrimina faciliter iinminentia. Unde ""'' studium quod indies, licet lento eonatu, ut valeo tanien nuper inchoatum actito, non mediocri damno dissipa- tionis subjacebit, cum e\udenti person ?e dispendio, non sine anxiis noctis molestiis, si contra instantes in- quietudines milii remediuni non provideatur ; quale erit si me miserum cogat per dies amaros, per terapus infructuosum, ad festinuui exitum paterme providentise dispensatio ? Fateor quia, ni fallor, satis mihi tolera- bilius esset exilium, quantumcunque foret diuturnum. Quomodo ad infelicitatis cumulum non accedat, si pro solamine, si pro dementi consilio, non sine derisionibus recipiam convicia, recipiam \dtuperia, recipiam diras objurgationes? Longe sint a patrum inolita benignitate et torvi vultus, et oculi terribiles, maxime contra sub- jectam devotionem et famulatuni obtemperantem. Vi- detur mihi, quod si cursor occurrit Bedeford, si nulla- tenus minister velit assentire nostris petitionibus, si aliquid consilii poterit in me inveniri, super articulis qui modo instare cognoscuntur, nonne sine exhibitione corp oralis pr?esentise, cum tanto mentis et corporis gi'avamine, possem illud litteratorie, si tamen 0]3us esset, quod nullo modo credo, prtesertim ubi vos eritis, requisitus respondere ? Valeat, etc. Nunquam credatis quod mandatis supe- riorum velim aut repugnare aut non acquiescere ; sit mihi propitia Divinitas ; sed contrarietatem jussionibus inha3rentem, ultra quam credi potest, admirari com- pellor. Si sic vobis videtur, mittite prsesentem cartam velociter patri ministro nostro inspiciendam. 3G8 AD^ DE MARTSCO CCVII. Fratrl ^Y., Ministro Aoiglice, Frater Ada mluiem, et quam dehitam, quam devotam in omnibus ohe- dientiam. As Greg, de Bosell has con- sented to stay with the Arch- bishop, the •writer re- quests the rules may be dis- pensed ■with, and that Gregory may have liberty to sit on horseback or in a carriage. Inter preegravantes occupationiim angustias fere in- tercepto vitre spiraculo, vix anheli spiritiis anxietas, rupto soporis silentio, noctem agens insomnem ut assolet, pra3sentes voces raptim eraittere potuit. Uti- nain scisso pectore transfixi cordis angores filiales pater plus aspiceret ! Hasc idcirco dixerim, quoniam dolores remittit miseri ipsos insinuasse dementi. Styluni trcmulum moeror desolatus prolixius evagari necessi- tate confusa prohibuit, ut fervor animi violenter repressus vehementius inardescat. Sed de his Imcusque. Cinn de benigna vestr?e paternitatis concessione, prop- ter pia salutis dirigendse negotia, carissinius frater Gre- gorius de Bosell ad inclytos comitem Leycestriee et comitissam Leycestrijis in Vasconiam proficiscendi, plu- rimis licet molestatis, licentiam ^ jam tamen obtinuisset, accedentibus rerum cogentiis, propter in?estimabiles ma- jorum causarum considerationes, de mea^ modicitatis consilio, pariter et desiderio })hirium magnatorum, prfie- sertim ut ego redeundi ad onus eruditionis impendendfe, non sine prtegrandi difRcultate tandem eluctatam, in- venirem opportunitatem, quousque de vestra3 pietatis constaret beneplacito, in contubernio familiari domini Cantuariensis, precum mearum devictus instantiis morari consensit, Divinitate propitia, ecclesiasticas neces- sitati temporibus periculosissimis non mediocriter pro- futurus.- Proinde benevolentijB Immiliter supplico se- dula3 sanctitati, ut de stando et de standi forma cum ' licenter, MS. '■ profuttiris, MS. EPISTOL^.. 3G9 domino meniorato dictum fratrem nostrum, et vestrum devotissimum liliuin, in desiderio saliitari satis afiiic- tarn, cum expressis coelestis obedientije mandatis, de consueta miseratione velitis consolari. Ut auteui con- suitiori deliberatione rescribere valeat, prout oportet, vestnB circumspectionis industria, reveveiitia3 vestraj transmitto per prresentium portitorem litteras domini Cantuarieiisis, domina? reginse, et fratiis Gregorii, mllii super pi'jemissis destinatas. Cteterum, cui videbitur quill sit equitandum memorato fratri, cum aut exigit hoc pei'sonne pei'iculum, aut pietas causarum hoc com- pellit ? Si non obsisteret virosa obhitrantium cakirania, jugiter reor expediret quod vehiculorum uteretur sub- sidio. Quoniam maxime iu liujusmodi rebus lethalis erit vivendi tractus si non fulciatur vita gravis jucundo socii fidelis adminiculo, propter Auctorem concordise socialis in hac parte consohitorie provideatis oro cum effectu. Valeat vestrse paternitatis incohimitas, etc. CCVIII. Fratri W., Ministro Anglia', Frater Ada salutem, et devotam sitbjectw devotionis ohedientiam. Lsetificce paternitatis vestrse Isetus litteras suscepi, rpj^^^ j^^_ per quas exilitatis meDS requisitionibus tam efficaciter, (irew of tam rationabiliter, tam diligenter, etiam inter tot nego- j^^y con- tiorum vexuras, satisfacere voluit consueta benignitas. ti^ue in Cseterum de mora carissimi fratris AndrefB de Lex- and'hoid a inton in provincia Hybernire,' quid aliud sentiam non pi'ovmcial '■ ^ ' -"^ . . chapter Video, quam quod, prudenter perpensis reruni circum- there, stantiis, cum consilii deliberations examine, vestra niihi rescripsit sollers industria : videlicet, ut in me- > See Epist. CLXXVIII. A A 370 AD^ DE MARISCO morata moretur provincia provinciale capitulum prox- imo fnturum celebraturiis, ne casso tantarum pro- visionum conamine, tam salutarium causarum exitus desiderati, quod absit, frustrari contingant ;^ sed potius qufe per strenuam prosfati fratris sedulitatem propi- tia Divinitas salubriter inchoavit ad gloriam divini Nominis, et religionis liumanse profectum, felici fine consummata gaudeamns. Pr?esertim ciim commissio ministri generalis fideliter considerata, plane sic agi deposcat ; miuistri quoque Hybernise, nt audio, cum nonnullis fratribus, qufe Dei sunt pia longanimitate quserentibus, hoc fervens flagitet desiderium ; quod etiam distinguentium articulorum acceptabilis urgentia cir- eumspectss virtutis femulatione non tam acceptari quam adimpleri, si divinitus detur, compellit modis omnibus. Modicum erit formidanda, licet malignius insseviat, srevitiosa rabies, immo per Ipsum, qui dat equo fortitudinem, et circumdat collo ejus liinnitum, susci- tans eum sicut locustas, exuliandum est, pergendum in occursum armatis, contemnendus est pavor, nec cedendum gladio. Quid enim ? Audiamais triumphalem castrorum coelestium propugnatorem : " Si consistant/' inquit, " adversum me castra, non timebit cor meum. " Si exsurgat adversum me proelium, in hoc ego spe- " rabo." Et alibi : " Non timebo millia populi cir- " cumdantis me. Exsurge, Domine ; salvum me fac, " Deus mens." Eespondi qupe docuistis. Epistolam abbreviavit importunitatum prolixitas. Non quia diu nolui scribere, tardavi. Rogavi tamen donari mihi banc injuriam. Valeat vestry paternitatis incolumitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. ' contiiujrtf, MS. EPISTOL^. 371 CCIX. Fratvl W., MmistTo Angliw, Frater Ada sakitem, et devotum supplicis ohedientku famulatum. Cum Immilem nostrse professionis assistentiam pia A very pontificalis excellentire dignatio vigilantiori requirit qufsuhat soUicitudine, indubitanter assensu occurrit promptiori, H- titiLdinera. Licet nuper desiderabili vestrje suavifcatis colloquio Excuses fi'Liitus fuerim in Domino, ne non intervenieute cur- ti™s|im5°^ sore per salutationem litteralem pafcernitatem vestram ness and lilialis veneraretur famulatus, ut dignum est, liumili- cVof ifjs* tatis, qualiscunque prsssentem cartulam vobis transmisi- letters. Nempe temporis angustia et occupationuni varietas» agonia studii et inquietationum turbamina, prolixos litterarum tractus excludiint. Copia qnoque scri- bendorum scribendi cogit inopiam. Etenim si vacaret, quis inter tanta salutis discrimina, inter tot violen- tias rebellium, in tantis moliminibus insidiantium, in tarn salutarem et omnibus siieculis spectabilem conju- ratus professionem, quantum divinitus perraitteretur rebus non consuleret per sollicitam epistolarum fre- quentiam, ubi vivas vocis energias conserere non per- mittit locorum distantia ? Sed, proh dolor ! in causis salutaribus hodie epistote torpent et silent voces : ad ineptias perditionum divisarum mentium tota prseceps ruit intentio. Quid igitur nobis ])oterit esse consilii^ nisi ut nequaquam infimis lisereamus infirmiter, et in altissima conscendamus alacriter in Ipsum vivendi, qui ait [Jo. xvi.] : " Heec locutus sum vobis, ut pacem in me " liabeatis. In mundo pressuram habebitis : sed con- " fidite, quia ego vici mundum." Conservetur vobis, oro, et virtus, et prudentia, et semulatio in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Audi\d aliquid quod nolui, lingua enim conjecturam prtestat de corde. 37G ADJE DE MARISCO CCXIIL lieverendo patri in Chrido, Fratrl W., Fratram Mi- norum iu Anglia Mlnistiv, Frater Ada salu- tem in Domino. Grostete Noverit paternitatis vestrse pia discretio dominum has been Lyncoliiise cum suis, ut visum est/ solito validiorem, lionouraDiy -^ t-i • i • t i received by benedictus Deiis ! in crastmo EpiphanuTB Lugdunum in- ^l^dTl"'^^ trasse, ubi a domino papa et cardinalibus in gratia speci- Cardinals alis lionoi'ilicentia? est susceptus. Promisit autem ei at Lyons, j^i^^jj-^^^g pontifex post aliquot dies, quod in brevi ex- pediret eum in causa contra capitulum, quam speramus, Divinitate propitia, fine laudabili terminandam, nisi ipsam, quod absit, peccata prajpediant. Mortalibus tamen dubius est eventus belli. Non enim cessat impietas machinationum, diftugia tergiversationum, calliditates cavillationum, dilationes exceptionum pro- A General cessui salutis obluctari. Ceeterum, proponit episcopus f ""^"i^H^ *° concilio interesse, quod dominus papa celebrare ^ con- which the cedit ad festum Sti. Joliannis Baptistpe, et in aliquo Bishop in- Yqqq opportuno extra curiam usque ad illud tempus present. expectare, ignorans tamen adhuc penitus quando se June 24th. pQJ;,gj.jJ3 r^ curia transferre. Scripsit dominus papa ministro general!, secundum formam quam scribit aliis prrelatis, ut accedat ad concilium. Triars Mi- Iteruni proponit dominus papa mittere fratres rainores sent t^*^t^*^ electos in instanti passagio veris ad gentes, qufe destruxe- HoiyLand, runt, ut dicitur, Terram Sanctam, Chorasmenos sc, et ad ^artary, Tartaros, et ad Saracenos, qui perferant mandata apos- tolica ad illos ; et eorum responsa, si Dominus fuerit propitius, ad dominum papam referant. '^ Inter ' A. D. 1245. ]\rat. Taris, 688. See Epist. CLXXIII. - Sie. Innocent IV. ^ See Roger Bacon's " Opus Ma- Jus," p. 189 ; and Mat. Paris, 663. EPISTOL^. 377 fratres autem mitteiidos de.signati sunt duo Anglici, scilicet, frater J. de Stanford et iVater Abraliani de Larde.' Bene formidant sapientes in curia do forini- dando statu mundi. Receperunt mo et fi-atrcm J.- carissimus pater, frater Desiderius, minister Burgundipo et frater Gabriel, vicarius ministri generalis, cfBterique fratres in curia, et in conventu Lugduni commorantes sui gratia cum magna caritate. Putant fratres dis- creti, quod multa et gravia attemptabuntur contra fratres in instanti concilio per preelatos diversarum partium orbis Christiani. Longe facti sunt fratres a The friars favore curiaj in suis petitionibus stultam sapientiam J^^T- ^^^ mundi sapientibus ; unde plurimum gaudendum vide- tur in Doinino. Mitto vobis duas bullas de facto fratrum prtedicato- rum et minorum, pro quibus frater P. de Theokesbury moratus est post solutuni capitulum generale,^ quia non constitit mihi an illas hactenus receperitis, quas reliquit frater P. cum in Angliam rediret. Recommendationes dominis cardinalibus et fratribus faciendas, secundum quod injunxistis, ante confecti- on em prsesentium, illis quos in curia inveni feceram, prseterquam domino Egidio. Dominus Hostiensis, do- minus S. de Comite, dominus Reiverius, dominus Ricar- dus Hambury, nondum venerant citra montes.'* Conjicio Hears that quod per ministrum e'eneralem vocabuntur ad con- ^^^ ^"^^s .,. T . p T . , . ,. ... ^vlll be m- cilium aliqui iratres discretiores de singulis provincus, vited to the super quo audivi fieri sermonem. Unde videtur mihi Council, quod bonum erit, ut vos cum fratribus sapientioribus conferatis super eis, quae judicaveritis petenda et pro- ponenda in tempore concilii, si quos oporteat mittere. Rogo quatenus, si placet, faciatis mihi transmitti per clericum domini episcopi, qtiem dominus J. de Crakhale ' Lant. Whether Lank, Lard- \ ' The extension of these names is ner, or Larder, uncertain. I somewhat uncertain. The contrac- * i.e. John de Stanford. | tions are Ho>it\ S. de ComiC, 2 Eccleston, p. 55. i -^^«'"^'- 378 AD^ DE MARISCO mittet tid euiii, Monilia Beati Gregoiii, (pia3 relicta fue- riint apud Raclingas, et Rabaiiuin de Natura Rerum, et capitula Proplietia3 Primse, quam liabuit carissimvis frater in Cliristo Thomas de Eboraco. Per pra3fatum clericum, si vobis non displiceat, desidero vestram mihi signari voluntatem. Dominus papa mutavit consi- lium de mittendis fratribus minoribus ad gentes supra- nominatas. Unde nullus de provincia Aiiglige liac vice mittetur. Valeat paternitatis vesti-ao benignitas in Cliristo semper et beatissima Virgine. E-ogo salutari obse- quio meo carissimos patres, fratres Ric. de Wauz, J. de Stanford, reliquosque fratres socios sc. et filios vestros ; in quorum, si placet, Sanctis recordationibus me et fratrem J. renovare velitis in Domino. Scripsi plura de liis seorsum fratri P.' custodi Oxonia? et fratri Andrese de Lexinton. Salutat vos frater J. multum, qui carissimse paternitati vestras insufScientiam suain recommendat. Bene, si placet, faciatis componi libros prajnomiiiatos, ablatis asseribus, in panno cerato. Frater Gabriel vicarius est ministri in curia. Frater N. de Marnio, et frater Boiolus, propinquus domini papse, stant cum ipso satis ei familiares.""^ CCXIV. t)e8ideratissimo sibi in Christo patrl, Mlnldro Fran- cim, Frater Ada salutem, et devotuon debitw dilec- tionis famulatinn. Requests Pi'O sedulis inolitse benignitatis officiis, ab ingenua that a mente mece modicitati per liberalem suavitatem im- young . . ^ friar, N. de pensis, etsi non ut vellem, taraen ut valeo, piae pa- may\e ' ternitati suppliciter assurgo cum gratiarum actionibus ' Peter of Te'wksbury ? See p. I ^ Here a blank follows of nineteen 28. lines. EPISTOL^. 379 Certe Isetiiicat (luod occa.sione rcixjita rationabili, (luixl l"''""<'*-'*\ ^ ^ ^ , ^ . . *•* study in in persona non sufficio, per litterain sanctitatis vestne England. (lesiderabilem adire priX3sentiam, qnam et virtus valida, et industria subtilis, et fervens eemulatio, ad gloriam sui nominis et salutem siia3 plebis superbenedictam Dei dementia multipliciter insignivit. Liberet profecto in tractmn prolixiorem prsesentis allocutionis seriem de- ducere, sed coliibeo calanmm, putans hac vice sufficere si amantissimos sinus lati cordis repleverim per obse- quialis scripturue brevitatem officiosam mese pauper- tatis recordationera. Cseterum cum carissimo fratre N. de Anivers/ juvene moris honesti et spei laudabilis, docilis ingenii et competentis litteraturse, quern reve- rendissimus pater minister generalis vestra) disciplinaj filiis aggregandum designavit, piam benevolentiam ves- tne discretionis liumiliter rogo, supplicans obnixius quatenus ei devotissimo vestro licentiam concedere velitis gratiosam, ut in administratione Angliaj solito sollicius per instantis anni spatium divinorum studiis valeat invigilare. Nempe memoratus frater in liac parte consiliis spiritualibus acquiescens, pro eo quod alibi quam in Anglia ad profectum studii litteralis ne- qviaquam ei putantur in prsesentiarum accessura, quae requiriuitur, tarn opportune subsidia, una niecum prje- sentem consensit benigme paternitati vestne dirigere petition em ; ut Divinitate propitia, quern ad tempus abesse concesseritis, iterum promptius aptatum ad nii- nisterium Divinum pro tempore recipiatis. Concedat, oro, mi benigne, vobis superessentialis purgatio, super- affectualis illuminatio, supereffectualis perfectio, ut animse vobis commisspe, divinitus per vos purgata?, illuminat?e et perfectiB, regnum Dei purum, clarum et sanctum ad su})ersublimem puritatem, superdecoram claritatem, superjucimdam sanctitatem reforment, secun- dum cogentissimam altissim^e professionis exigentiam. Yaleat vestrpe suavitatis incolumitas in Christo. Or Ambers. On the same sub 380 AD^ DE MARISCO ccxv. Desideratissiriw patri in Christo, Fratri G., Fratruon Minorum Francim Ministro, Frater Ada salu- tern, et cdernalis hravii prcemiuin post exercitium cursus temporalis. Vestia merainit benigna pateruitas, ut aibitror, quod ject. circumspectionis vestrse sollers consideratio, jam emenso uuius anni et mensium aliquot spatio, ad mese inodici- tatis instantiam concesseritis, ut carissimus frater N. de Aynelers sub ministro Anglite ad tempus morara tralieret, juxta quod profectus sui ob certas circum- stantias requirebat opportunitas. Proinde quum, ut video, utile foret^ memorato fratri usque ad festum Pen- tecostse proximo futurum in provincia Angli?e, causis quibusdam sibi necessariis, et nequaquam citra tempus pr^efatum expediendis, si vestrie pietatis beneplacito sederit, insistere ; prassentem paternitati vestrse peti- tionem censui destinandam, rogans attentius quatenus in hac parte, perpensis rerum exigentiis, dicto filio vestro sic paterna velit providere sedulitas, ut eidcm optata proveniant commoda, et rationis requisita non la^dantur. Concedat vobis, oro, in scala Jacob vices ascendendi et descendendi frequentare cum Angelis Dominus innixus seal», ut pro temporum moderamine sanc- tos ascensus contemplandse veritatis, et justos de- scensus impendendee caritatis, sibi invicem indefessa succedant vigilantia, ut ex illo iste jugiter animetur, et augeatm- incessanter ille per istum, in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. ' fore, MS; epistol.t;. 381 CCXVI. Honorabili viro et amicissimo in Chrlsto imtri et domino S., Ministro Ordinis Fratruin Sanctce Trinitatis Parisius, Frater Ada salute7)i, et i^ost lyacem tempovis glorlain aiernitatis. De consueta vestr;» benigiiitatis secliilitate confisiis, Requests quanta possum afiectione suppliciter rogo (^uatenus per oifices with strenuam relio'iosse pietatis interventionem, quam, sicut I^j'^"ehe Q. 1 . T ., 1 . . ot 1 ranee, multiplicibus comprobatur experimentis, ad causas for the salutares expediendas indefesse geritis efficaciam, apud ^".econciha- dominam Blancam/ excellentissimam reginam Fran- Count of coruni, secundum modum quern insinuaverit propi- Ji°th "if tia Divinitas, satagere velitis, ut inter illustres viros of Leices- comites Tolosse et Leycestrias desideranda pacis refor- *^^' matio proveniat per serenissimam ejusdem regin?e clemeutiam ; qu?e dudum sui gratia etiam meas mo- dicitati in liac parte suoe voluntatis manifestavit promptitudinem. Inveni quoque comitis Tholosee ad pacem memoratam, secundum cor meum, mentem inclinatam. Comes vero Leycestrias ad benevolum dictse pacis consensum sufficienter est persuasus. Quid ergo restat quam ut intuitu Illius, qui pacificos Dei filiatione beatificat Concordes afFectus divinitus con- ceptos, ad pacatam perducat unanimitatem vestra? sanctitatis placida discretio ? tanto propensioris dili- genticie sollicitudinem adhibendo, quanto prcesens ne- gotium propter gloriam Divini honoris uuiversis am- plius fore cognoscitur ?emulandum. Valeat sanctitatis ;vestrfe pia paternitas in Christo semper et beatissima ! Virgine, Scripsissem super his prajnominatse dominse reginje ; |sed celsitudo majestatis exilitatem nieam a scribendo Irevocavit. Necesse autem erit ut, si placet, mi pater ■ Blanche of Castile, died Dec. 1st, 1252. 382 AT>M DE MARISCO amantissime, sub ea qua convenienter fieri poterlt ac- celeratione, hoc etenim res indubitanter requirit, ad interpellandum procedere curetis. Iterum in seternum valete.'' Et sicut noverit discretio vestra quod mandatis apostolicis adversantur parentelam zelans lionorem, adverser et obsto. Ad utrumque enim similiter et fequaliter teneor ex Divine mandate ; apostolica enim mandata nen sunt, nee esse pessunt, alia quam apos- tolorum doctrinpe, et ipsius Domini nostri Jesu Christi, apestolorum magistri, cujus et personam maxime gerit in liierarcliia ecclesiastica deminus papa, consona et conformis. Ait enim ipse Deminus Jesus Christus: " Qui nen est mecum, contra me est." Contra ip- sum autem nee est, nee esse potest, Apostolicse Sedis sanctitas divinissima. Non est igitur pr?edictas lit- terve tenor sfinctitfiti consonus, sed absonus plurimum et discors. Prime quia de illius litteree et aliarura lenge lateque dispersarum superaccumulatio nen ob- stante non ex legis naturalis observandce neces- sitate inducto scatet cataclysmus inconstantise, au- dacise et procacitatis, etiam inverecunde mentiendi et fallendi diffidentire cuiquam credendi, vel fidem ad- liibendi, et ex iis consequentium vitierum [quorum] numerus Christianie religionis puritatem, et socialis cenversationis lieminum tranquillitatem commovens et perturbans. Prseterea post peccatum Luciferi, quod idem erit in fine temporum ipsius Filii Perditionis, Anticbristi, ' Here follows a blank of ten lines^ The sncceecling letter lias no super- scription, and is written in a differ- ent liand. It appears to rae to have been inserted subsequently on the blank reverse by another scribe. EPISTOLiE. 383 quern interficiot Dominus Jesus Cliristus spiiitu oris sui, non est, nee esse potest, alterum genus peccati tarn adversum et contrarium apostoloruni doctrinso et evan- gelicpe, et ipsi Domino Jesu Christo tarn odibile, detes- tabile, et abominabile, et luimano generi tam perneca- bile, quam animas curse pastoralis officio et ministerio viviiicandas et salvandas, pastoralis officii et ministerii defraudatione, mortificare et perdere. Quod peccatuni evidentissimis Scripturse Sacrse testinioniis coramittere dinoscuntur, qui in potestate curte pastoralis consti- tuti, de lacte et lana ovium Christi suis carnalibus et temporalibus desideriis et necessitatibus prospiciunt, et pastoralis officii ministeiia in reternam Christi salu- tem operandam debita non administrant. Ipsa enim ministeriorum pastoralium non administratio est, Scrip- ture testimonio, omnium occisio et deperditio. Cum autem linsc duo genera peccatorum, licet dispariter, sint pessima et omne alterum genus peccati insesti- mabiliter superexcedentia, manifestum ex hoc quod ipsa sunt duobus existentibus et dictis, licet dispariter et dissimiliter, optimis dii'ecte contraria. Pessimuni enim optimo est contrarium. Quantum autem est in dictis peccantibus unum peccatum est ipsius Deitatis superessentialiter et supernaturaliter optimse. Alte- rum vero Deiformitatis et Deificationis ex divini radii gratifica participatione essentialitev optimce interemptio. Et quia sicut in bonis causa boni melior est causato, sic et in malis causa mali pejor est causato. Manifestissi- mum quoniam talium pessimorum interemptorum, Deifor- mitatis et Deificationis in ovibus Christi, in ecclesiam Domini introductores, ipsius pessimis interemptoribus sunt pejores, et Lucifero et Antichristo proximiores, et in hac pejoritate gradatim magis superexcellentes, qui ex majori et diviniori potestate sibi divinitus in sedificationem et non in destructionem tradita, magis tenentur ab ecclesia Domini tales interemptores pessimos excludere et extirpare. 381 AD.E DE JIARISCO. Non potest igitur sanctissima Sedes Apostolica, cui a sancto sanctorum Domino Jesu Christo tradita est potestas omnimoda, testante apostolo, in sedificationem et non in destructionem^ aliquid vergens in hujusmodi peccatum, domino Jesu Christo tam odibile, detestabile, abominabile, et humano generi summe pernecabile, mandare vel prsecipere, vel quoquo modo ad aliquid tale conari. Hoc enim evidenter esset suae potes- tatis sanctissimse et plenissimaa vel defectio, vel cor- ruptio, vel abusio, et a throno glorias Domini Jesu Christi elongatio, et in cathedra pestilentite poenarum gehennalium duobus prsedictis tenebrarum principibus proxima coassessio. Nee potest quis immaculata et sincera obedientia eidem Sedi subditus et fidelis, et a Corpore Christi et eadem Sancta Sede per scliisma non abscissus, hujusmodi mandatis vel pra3ceptis, vel quibuscunque conaminibus undecunque emanantibus, etiamsi a supremo Angelorum Ordine, obteraperare ; sed necesse habet totis viribus contradicere et rebellare. Propter hoc, reverendi, domini, ego ex debito obedientiaa et fidelitatis, qua teneor, ut utrique parenti, Apostolicae sanctissinipe Sedi, et ex amore unionis in Corpore Cliristi, cum ea his quse in prsedicta littera continentur, et max- ima quia pnetactum peccatum Domino Jesu Christo abominabilissimum, et humano generi perniciosissimum evidentissime vergunt/ et Apostolicse Sedis sanctitati omnino aclversantur et contrariantur, canonice, unice filialiter et obedienter non obedio, contradico, et rebello. Nee ob hoc vestra discretio quicquam durum contra me statuere, quia omnia mea in hac parte, et dictio et actio, nee contradictio est, nee rebellio, sed filialis divine mandato, debita patri et matri honoratio. Bre- |i viter autem recolligens dico Apostolicas Sedes sancti- tatis non potest nisi quse in sedificationem, et non in de- structionem. Hsec est potestatis plenitudo omnia posse Sic. EPISTOL.E. 885 in sedificationem. H?e autem quas vocant provisiones non sunt in sedificationem, sed in manifestissimam de- structionem. Non igitur eas potest beata Sedes Apo- stolica. Etenim caro et sanguis, quro regnum Dei non possidebunt, eas revelavit, et non Pater Domini Jesu Christi, qui est in coelis. CCXVII. Fratri J., Domini Papce Nuntio, F rater Ada salu- tem et devotiirti debitce dilectlonls famulatuon. Pro viro venerabili, magistro Henrico de Bathonia, ForHeury quern et excellens morum honestas, et eminentia '^f l^^t^o- scienti?e spectabilis, ad opinionem celebrem titulis il- lustrant clarioribus, inoKtae circumspectse discretionis benignitati, quam multij^licia pii pectoris argumenta apud sedulitatis vestrse diligentiam fervere comprobant indesinenter, supplico obsecrans attentius quatenus dicto magistro H. in suce necessitatis urgentiis deli- berationis consilium, et adjutorium executionis, prout vestra secundum Deum censuerit industria, participare non ducatis indignum. Yaleat vestrse dilectionis suavitas. CCXVIIT. Desideroitlssiono patr'i, Fratri J.,^ Domini Papm Nuntio, Frater Ada salutem in Domino. Pro domino abbate de Oseneye, ejusdemque loci For the , I tll • ' L proctor of conventu, per prsesentem iitteram circumspectam pa- tij, ^bbot ' Joannes Anglicus. See Mat. West. p. 220. He is stated by some writers to have been Provin- cial Minister of England just before Ada de Marisco died. B B 38e AD^ DE MAKISCO and con- vent of Oseney going to Kome. ternitatis vestrse discretionem interpellare consensi,' rogans attentius quatenus procuratori eorundem, ad Curiam Eomanam pro quibusdam negotiorum suorum urgentiis proficiscenti, efficacis adjutorii subventio- nem, et directionem consilii salutaris, secundum rerum requisita exhibere non ducatis indignum. Quibus ad causarum suarum importunitates maxime puto fore con- sultum ut, si quo modo fieri poterit, per lionestam pacis formam litium instantia conquiescat. Yaleat incolumitatis vestrse benigna suavitas in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. Exponet vobis prsefatus procurator, si placet, viva voce facto- rum circumstantias, ut inde deliberatius mentis vestrse sententiara, ut noveritis et volueritis, aperire valeatis. In seternum valete. CCXIX. Honorahili viro et patri amantisslono, Fratri J., Do- TYiini Papoi Nuntio, Frater Ada salutem, et post cuTswni temporis prcemiw^n ceternitatis. Begs him to visit the Bishop of Lincoln, where he expects to meet him. Mi desideratissime, quod locutione non valeo, suppleo non sicut volo ; videlicet, araabilem benignitatis vestrse prsesentiam adeo [per litteras], quod ne faciam persona- liter, ecce coram inviolabilis amicitise fideli constantia vel invitum arcent importunse caducse conditionis urgentise. Cseterum suavissimse circumspectionis amabili benevo- lentise supplico, soUicius rogans quatenus cum oppor- tunitas non defuerit, si fieri potest, circa instantem Aug. 15th. Assumptionem beatissimse Virginis accedere velitis ad venerabilem dominum Lincolnise super causis non medio- criter festinandis, juxta suum desiderium et mei inter- ventum, cum eodem salutares in Domino tractatus habituri. Et utinam inde recedere non disponat ves- tra suadibilis ut res expostulat dilectio, quousque, Di- vinitate propitia, me contingat vobis ibidem occurrere. Valeat gratissima vestrse paternitatis incolumitas. EPISTOL^. '• 38'? CCXX. JDesideratissimo patri in Christo, Fratrl J.,^ Custodi Oxonice, Frater Ada scduteni iii Doiniiw. Consoletur vos supermundani spiraminis infusio. Con- Has been 1 , • J.1 T/ 1 i.' T ... summoned solatorium attulit mgestas menti remeclium amicissimte ^ ^^^ fidei fida sinceritas, quam prseferebat admodvim optata Provincial vestrse manus epistola. Cui licet succincta brevitas fe- toReadin'T, cisset angustiam, eidem tameii lati cordis gratiosa sua- thence to vitas, virtutis, veritatis, pietatis ministravit affluentiam. business of Molestat ergo nimirum dilata vestrse vivse vocis expec- State. tatio, cui prtestitam esse gratulamur energiam confir- mandis vacillantibus, plurimis edocendis, trementibus animandis a Patre Luminum, per Ilium qui vivus est sermo Domini et efiicax, et penetrabilior omni gladio ancipiti ; qui non cesset, oro, per salutare sollicitudinis vestrse ministerium, et ssevientium violentias, et sedu- centium fallacias, et blandientium petulantias potenter edomare, et prudenter explicare, et diligenter eliminare, in regno Dei perpeti^ perseverantia. Eadem qua recepi die litteras paternitatis vestra^, mihi vestri gratia trans- missas,^ feria V** post octavam Paschse, porrecta est mihi etiam littera reverendissimi patris ministri nostri, in eadem signantes^ ut per meritum salutaris obedientise me transferrem Radingam, circa quindenam Pasch?e, inde, si res hoc expostulat, ad partes Londonise profecturum, propter summi discriminis negotia sceptrum regni con- tingentia. Hoc autem. mandavit memoratus pater, sicut ipse insinuavit, superatus instantia majestatum, quibus hoc negare nequivit. Quid protendat quod tanta difficultatum vexamina ignaram mese modicitatis ' John de Stanford. I ' transmissam, MS. * Sic, MS. I * signantis, MS. B B 2 888 AD^ DE aiARISCO ignaviam indesinenter non tam affligiint, quam ob- ruunt, cum inexplicabili pacis pariter et salutis, ut vereor, detrimento, nisi afFuerit superclemens Divinitatis propitiatio ? Rogo sagaci mente pertractate ^ propter Altissimi considerationem, non tam suppliciter orantes quam satagentes vigilanter formidanda monstrorum portenta divinitus in bonum converfci. Ut quid sup- plicationum suadelis insisterem, sciens in liac parte quod coelitus sit sedulitati supplici potissime persua- sum ? Maturate, obsecro, si fieri poterit, etiam priusquam scripsistis, vel saltem tunc, vestrte paternitatis exhibere prsesentiara suspenses devotorum expectationi. Sit be- nedictio Divino Nomini super profectum fratris Gre- gorii de Bosellis, cujus in littera meministis ad fratrum et aliorum sedificationem. Intimavi gardiano nostro Oxonise quod et jussistis. Valete in Christo semper et beatissima Yirgine. CCXXI. Desideratissimo patri, FratriJ., Custodi Oxoniw, Frater Ada salutem, et post virhttum victoriani heatitudi- num coronam. Bequests that li. de Multon, a poor scho- lar, may have leave to visit A. (Ic Beche- soueres. Pauperi scbolari Radalfo de Multon, moris honesti, spei laudabilis, litteraturte competentis, quem mihi meriti specialis familiare copulavit contubernium, cui quoque diutinpe valetudinis gravis importunitas asrum- nosos crueiatus intlixit, interiori cordis affectione com- patiens, vestraj paternitatis inolit^e liberalitati supplici- ter obsecro, rogans obnixius, quatenus fraternte salutis negotium salutari suscipientes pietate, propter solum Salvatoris intuituin permittere velitis, ut memoratus scliolaris ad dictum fratrem A. de Becliesoueres, quem Sic. EPISTOLvE. 389 sibi, ut dicit, non mecHocriter profuisse sentifc, ad reme- dium personaliter accedeus, per Diviuitatis gratiam ab eodem fratre A. inchoatum medeliie solatium propensiore percipere valeat officio. Locutus sum Oxonia3 cum venerabili patre domino Norw^^censi^ a peregrinatione sua reverso, in crastino solemnitatis beatse Mariae Magda- Jan. 20th. lerxse. In cujus spiritu, sicut video, dispensatio Divina, sit benedictio Dei Fillo, pemulationi vestra) magnum aperuit ostium ad ingerendum divinitus Altissimse Ma- jestatis timorem pariter et amorem. Non pigritetur, obsecro, fidelis amicitise necessitudo, prout coelitus prae- stabitur opportunitas, impletis dispensationis superna) sudoribus, desiderabilem reditus nobis vestri maturare laetitiam. Valeat vestras dilectionis incolumitas op- tabilis in Christo. Non pigeat factae preci precem inculcare, ut in causa pietatis piam litteram prtefato fratri AdsB scribere dignemini, per quam ad benignam sedulitatis opem excitetur. CCXXII. Amantissimo ijatrl, Fratri Johanni de Stanford, Custodi Oxonian, Frater Ada caritatis imijendendoi vitam, cum vita confemjdandw veritatis. Libet littera, quod loquela non licet, paternae pietati Begs to see parvitatem filialem qualicunque famulativte devotionis ^•g^^^*'" affectu praesentare. Igitur fere interceptum spiritum retire to anheli pectoris sub importabili sarcina sollicitudinum ^ ' °* opprimentium, quia non valeo, non patefacio. Porro cordi toties transverberato afFert non modicum leva- minis remedium insinuasse silentio, quod eloquio non ' Walter de Suthfeld, alias Caltliorp ; elected 1244, and died 1257. S90 AD.^ DE MARISCO .svifficio, grassantes importunitatum veliementias, nimirum vitte tsedium inferentes. Nee amicitiam non niolestare aequivit cruciantis angustiae veliementia. Inter scri- bendum calamus hserebit cum ad attonitse mentis afflictiones manus stupida lacesceret. Succingo igitur sermonem, rogans faciatis quod scio proliibiti faceretis, videlicet, ut vobis dabit divinse propitiationis super- exuberans affluentia valere, videre, velle, mihi ad salu- tem subvenire propter vulnera Salvatoris non cunctemini. Cfeterum, si fieri potest, desideratam personse vestrse prsesentiam devotis vestris matuiius consolandis per benignura patrocinium et consilium provisivum nul- latenus exhibere pigritemini. Quod mihi tanta sedu- litate suasistis, et constanter per fratrem secretarium mandastis, videlicet, ut me Radingam transferam desi- deratissimte quietis gratia, ibidem quantum expedire videbitur moraturum, si Deus voluerit, complere pro- pono, si adliuc mihi beneplacitum vestrum, quod citius fieri vellem, super hoc insinuare curaveritis. Yaleat paternitatis vestrte sospes integi'itas in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. CCXXIII. Fratrl R., Oustodi Cantabrigice, Frater Ada meritorum gratiami et prceTniovum gloriam. Begs to be Pro benevola sedulitatis vestrse diligentia, quam, supplied j^^g^ nullatenus meritam, circa meam modicitatem lati Avitii call s ... skin at his cordis et affectus Itetior et liberalior effectus cumulare conveni- ^^^'^ desistit, quod insufficientise mese nequit serum- ence. nosa pauperies, vobis, oro, satisfaciat supernse largitiom's supersufficiens affluentia. Sicut ex provisiva discretionis vestrse benigna circumspectione signastis, erga fratres OxonicB studentes, Domino dante, fiet sine morse dispen- dio. Satis mihi molestum fuit, quod carissimus noster EPISTOL/E. 59 J- frater Vr., cujus in littera memiiiistis, cui et cunctis amabi- lem benignitatis vestrge suavitatem contiugentibus votiva prompt?e voluntatis officia impendere, nee immerito, lit valet, mea cupit exilitas, proficiscendi, sicut intellexi, necessitate compulsus, priusqviam eidem communicassem optata mutuiie agnitionis ofRcia, repentiniim profectionis suae regressum acceleravit. Opportune tempore post in- stans Pascha desidero, ut valueritis, videritis, volueritis, de membrana vitulina necessitati nostrse, per vestrte sollicitudinis industriam, quoad fieri valuerit sine fratrum gTavamine provideri. Parcat, precor, amicitia fidelis improbitati, quam jugiter animat non tarn de- speratio displicendi, quam impetrandi confidentia, quod vestri gratia prsestare satagitis per continua experientise multiplicioris argnimenta. Valeat dilectionis vestrpe sospes incolumitas, etc. Caram animam fratris J. de Bamiebyria, mihi a puero specia- lissimi filiorum vestrorum, fratrum nostrorum piis memoriis speciali devotione rogo velitis recommendare ob intuitum Salvatoris. In seternum, etc. CCXXIV. Besideratissmio patrl, FratrLJ., Oardiano Herfordice, Frater Ada salutevi, et i:>08t cursum teonporis glorlam oeternitatis. Litteras inolitae benignitatis vestrse, non tam cir- Will ex- cumspectionis industriam, quam gratiam sedulitatis pra3- attendaiice ferentes, l?eta suscepi devotione, ofiiciospe caritatis Praises mansuetiori benevolentise, quantum valet exilis amici Raygnio-- qualiscunque conatus, referens gratiarum actiones. Li- ham- cet optabilis personpe vestroe prsesentia plurimum apud nos afforet opportuna, tamen propter indefessam operam de salutis diligentia, quoiiiam et vigenter, et vigilanter, et vivaciter, sicut audio, miiltimodam fraterniB necessitatis subventionem jugiter exhibere studetis, sit Divino no- 392 ADJE DE MARISCO mini superexaltata benedictio, corporalem absentiara, qu83 spiritualem luiitatem non disjungit, longaiiimi to- lerantia in Christo dignoscitur esse perferenda. Suc- cingo sermonem, sciens quia persuasionibus sit super- sedendum ad flagi-antiorem prompta3 pietatis voluntatem. Concedat igitur, oro, Dei virtus, Dei sapientia, Dei sanctificatio, ut in omnibus qu83 prudenter disceinitis geritis fortiter, temperanter cohibetis, distribuitis jequa- liter, ad ilium finem referatis cum efFectu salvifico ubi est Deus omnia in omnibus, ceternitate certa et pace perfecta. Exultationis jucunditatem amicissimus in Domino frater Walterus de Ravenigham animabus gloriam divinitatis femulantibus, qui sicut nuntiat frequens testim.onii credibilis assertio, quoniam valide ad veri- tatem ambulat in ministerio verbi salutaris, et docet acutius et delectabilius tenet, flectit vebementius et felicius promovet tarn clerum, quam populum, ad visionem veritatis et caritatis communionem jugi ani- mans efficacia. Quera nimirum in qualiquali tamen intimo cordis domicilio coUocavi. CCXXY. Exlmio Fratri Thomw de Eboraco Frater Ada exilis salutem. Expostu- Si acerrimarum invectionum causae veliementiores ThonTof foi"GS effregerint, putabimusne soporatam lethargici cor- York for poris socordiam excitare valebunt ? Verendum reor ne ids^'pro-"^ carnosi cadaveris moles emortua languidam spiritus mises. tepidi scintillam, piget non dixisse favillam, suffocare contingat. Arrogantiam execrabimus an accusabimus negligentiam ? Utramque longissime relegat fides ami- citia) ? Sed quorsum hnec ? Non unius tamen sed et similium transgressionem sceleris damnare compellor. Quod nunc loquor est tabula Trinitatis toties prompte EPISTOL.'E. 393 s?epe promissa, nee exiiibita saltern tardius. Faciem muto, quod compellit amor. Nuper niihi de curia Romana allatum est ApostolictB Sedis privilegium, pro quo laborare sui gratia voluit amantissimus frater J., domini papse nuntius, quern rogo, si placet, ex inti- mis afFectuaiium viscerum medullis obsequlo mei salu- te tis. Salutetis etiam ex nomine quos salutandos judica- veritis vestros in Christo secretarios, eorundem ora- tionibus meam recommendantes insufficientiam. CCXXVI. Poiri TliomcB dc Ehoraco Frater Ada. Propter sp.ncta vulnera Dei, et propter pium cruorem An earnest Filii Dei, ilia tolerata, liunc efFusum a Filio Dei li- 1^'}''^} ''} . , 1 -TN • • • behalf of berandis animabus, regnum Dei suscipite causam, ut one Wil- valueritis et videritis, contra tam diram immanitatem ?^' ^ . . . . priest, satellitum Diaboli laturi prassidium, prout divinitus con- cedetur, viro commendabili, domino Willielmo presbytero, latori prsesentium, qui est unus de prresentatis dominge reginsD ad ecclesias de quibus audistis, et ad ejus prse- sentationem in ipsa, ad quam prassentatus est, ecclesia per dominum Elyensem institutus.' Bene fecistis, sit benignitati vestrse boni Dei benedicta retributio, qui pro patre secundum carnem dilecti fratris J. de Beverlaco in negotio supe salutis tam consultum vigi- lantise fidelis adjutoriura, necnon et in Cceteris prae- sertim ad salutem animarum pertinentibus, tam ex- quisita circumspectione exhibere voluistis. Etsi inclyti The King comitis Levcestrise causse graves, propter tam varia '^ ^'^'■'«"s . . ... . against the tantarum malignitatum molimina, inter formidando- Earl of rum discriminum ancipites eventus j^endere videantur, rpf^^l*^^' tamen indubitatam fiduciam praestat superua clemen- and the Countess »Sic. * Hugo Norwold, formerly Abbot of St. Edmundsbury, Bishop from 12-J9 to 1254. Mat. Paris extols his piety and munificence. See Grostete's Letters, Ep. 96, 394 AD^ DE ]VIARISCO have used tia, cle qua, secundum Scripturam qui sperant habebunt all efforts fortituclinem, assument pennas ut aquilse, current et Jiim. non laborabunt, ambulabunt et non deficient ; quod desiderabilem grandium difficultatum exitum ad sui 'Nominis gloriam, et Isetitiam fidelium suorum, propen- sius exhibebit ; saltern ilium, quem pia vestrae discre- tionis industria in littera mihi nuper transmissa com- memoravit. Satis argumentose tam dominse reginse quam comitissse. Leycestriee indefessa sollicitudo bene- dicta satagunt^ sollicitudine operam impendere miti- g-andis motibus regise majestatis, qui severe nimis sunt concitati occasione supramemoratse prsesentationis, licet hactenus, ut audio, profecerunt exiliter ad redivivam irritatse celsitudinis indignationem. Orandum igitur est, ut imperet ventis et mari Is, in cujus manu cor regis est, sicut dominiones aquarum, ut post tempestatem tam letiferam salutiferam faciat tranquillitatem. Nura- quid, nisi apud stultissimorum iniquitatem, res omnium gravissima leviter pensanda est ? Absit in ?Bternum a sancta sapientum sequitate. CCXXVII. Desideratissimo patri in Christo, Fratri Thoviw de Ehoraco, Frater Ada salute^ni in Domino. Praises Validain vigilantiam, fulgidam industriam, fervidam hirfinn- teniulationem, constantem perseverantiam amabilis ani- ness in mi vestri, in iis quae ad honorem Domini s?eculorum improper ^^ salutem regni Dei cedere cognoscuntur, non sine promotions, gratiarum actione Igetus ex innimieris colligo experi- mentis. Excellenti viro magistro E.,- officiali domini Cantuarise, vice Salvatoris et mei officio grates rogo re- ferre curetis devotissimas, qui pervasui^um Dei sanc- tuarium favore prosequi non consensit. Cujus memi- Sic. 1 - Eust. de Len. EPisTOLyE, '. 395: nerit in bonum qui solus bonus est, quia sanctuario re- pulit sacrilegum. Multum, mi carissime, in hac parte recommendari vobis opto causam Filii Dei, quem tarn unice dib'gitis. Non video aliud hac vice signandum domino officiali. In facto domini comitis Siraonis, licet Hopes that ingratissima malignitas debita responsa detrectet, spero ^^. ^^*'' "^ respondebit prospera supergraciosa benignitas. Ilia sui will suc- militis sudores despiciet ; ista sui supplicis obsequia ^ respiciet. Molestiosa - scandalorum perturbamina, licet agi non sinam silentio pacis cunctis optatse mortalibus, Hecesse est ut veniant secundum veritatis assertionem, ut domus Dei unde impingitur ut corruat inde stabi- liatur ut persistat, et electorum anim?e unde concutiuntur He quiescant inde exerceantur ne fatiscant.' Prsesti- tit super hac re occasionem longi sermonis et interpre- tabilis quod in epistolse vestrse calce apposuistis. Sed succinxit eum et mea insufficientia, et vitse tsedium inferens importunissima occupationum angustia ; etiam loquendi seriem intercepit irruentium improbitas. Uti- nam, si comes fuerit vita, propter urgentissima salutis discrimina concedatur divinitus nobis vivse vocis invi- Cem frui colloquio circa instans festum Paschae. Comiti Simoni, precor, ob contemplationem Altissimi, in verbis vitse, consiliorum directiones impendere studeatis. Va- lete in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Virgine. Salutetis, obsecro, obsequio mei specialissimos patres, fratrem A. de Lexinton, fratrem Ricardum de Walda, fi'atrem Willielmum de Basinges, fratrem Thomam de Hales, et alios mihi devotos. Mittit vobis frater Lau- rentius quaternos matris prophetipe,^ pro quibus misistis. lacescant, MS. I word, if correct, must be a contrac- ■ * The passage stands thus : " qua- ternos fi mat's phie." The second ■word, which seems to have been in- tended for filosophice, is deleted by the dots underneath. The last tion for philosopIiicE, and not propJie- tice. But to whom can the expres- sion apply ? Mag'istri philusophice would refer to Aristotle ; matris pro- phetic might refer to St. Hildegardis. 396 AD^ DE MARISCO Capltula summas libri distinguentia, ut reor, non me- diocriter ad ejus iutellectum utilia, Domino dante, alias habebitis. Specialiter priesentate, peto, qualemcun- que mese gratitudinis afFectionem venerandi patris, fra- tris A., gardiani Londonensis, latiori liberalitati. CCXXVIII. Fratri W, Belhin Frater Ada [salutem] et sincerum debitce dilectionis affectum. In tehalf De vobis innatae benignitatis amicitia fideli, quamvis Thom s ^^^^ meritorum meorum tenuitas non requirat, ex effica- tlie bearer, cibus argumentis experientice multiplicis vestri gratia plenam in Domino reportans fiduciam, discretionis ves- trse supplico sedulitati, qiiatenus carissimum mihi in Christo Thomam, latorem prsesentium, de consueta pie- tatis benevolentia in negotio suo, quod ipse vobis, si placet, viva voce est expositurus, quateniis inhjeretur misericordise et justitiae deservitur, intuitu Salvatoris salutari consilio juvare velitis. Valeat caritatis vestrse communicatio in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. CCXXIX. Prcediledo Fratri Willielmo Bellun Frater xida gratiam in proisenti et gloriam in futuro. For the Eadmundum, latorem pmesentium, quern mihi du- h^r'^'^'d'^^ dum specialior in Domino conjunxit familiaritas, ob- nixius rogo quatenus, secundum Dominum, fieri poterit, ob contemplationem Divinitatis, in iis, quie vobis, si placet, plenius est expositurus vel expressurus, per EPISTOLiE. 397 propensioris gratige favorein juvare non ducat is iiidig- num. Valeat vestree pietatis affectio in Cliristo, etc. Parcat mihi, oro, suavitatis vestrre tolerantia super hoc, quod compulsus necessariorum instantiis benignitatem vestram velut iinportuna pulso frequentia. Iterum in seternura valeto. ccxxx. Desideratissimo patri, Fratri W. Bellun, Frater Ada salutem, et post merita tennporis prceiinia felicitatis. Pro carissimo milii in Christo magistro Randulfo de ^or R. de Hukelbi, viro probatne conversationis et eminentis lit- teraturje, mihi quoque in Christo prsedilecto, ad suppli- cem ipsius instantiam benignitatis vestr^e discretion! petitionis hujus cartulam destinavi, rogans attentius quatenus eidem in necessitatis articulo, quern ipse, si placet, vobis viva voce est expositurus, sedulitatis .con- suetsB consilium favorabiliter exliibere velitis, quatenus Clementine consentitur, nee obvenitur innocentise. Valeat dilectionis vestrse suavitas in Christo, etc. CCXXXI. Fratri W. Bellun Frater Ada salutem. Fateor, mi carissime frater, quod variis pi?e seduli- For Tha- tatis occupationibus, sub quibus vestram supra modum cornw-ili. conspicio jugiter laborare sollicitudinem, ingerere vereor iraportunas intercessionis multiplicatoe peti- tiones. Verum cum Thompe Cornuwario, latori prce- sentium, qui lapsus facultatibus angustioris fortunre et propter debitorum gravamina constringitur indigentiis, 39S AD.E DE MARISCO compassionis affectum negare nequivi ; benignitati ves- U'SQ, quam in causis pietatis redivivam indesinenter exhibere cognovi diligentiam, prsesentem direxi petitiun- culam, rogans obnixius quatenus juxta quod suae necessitatis articulus, vobis, si placet, viva voce expo- nendus, requirit, eidem per ^ Deum propensiori favore velitis sufi'ragare. Valeat dilectionis vestrse sinceritas, etc. CCXXXII. Dilectissimo pairi, Fratri W. Bellun, Frater Ada salutem ex spiritu scientice cwm spiritu pietatis. In behalf of one Juliana, a widow. Cum dominam Julianam viduam, quam, si cut lau- dabile vulgavit testimonium, et in Deum devotio et in pauperes liberalitas, et lionestas con versa tionis et suavitas mansuetudinis, plurimum reddunt commenda- bilem, sicut intellexi, violata lege publice rectitudinis, perviolentse potestatis gravis oppressio desseviat, et non sit hujusmodi personis in his et similibus importuni- tatum angustiis ad regalis clementise protectionem prsesidialem defensionis refugium ; memoratse viduse lacrimosa me compulit obsecratio prsesentem depreca- toriam vestrfe caritati destinare, suppliciter obsecrans ut, ob contemplationem Illius, qui prsecipue potenta- tibus per Scripturam suam clamat, dicens : " Non de- " spiciet Dominus preces pupilli," etc. pro, MS. 1 EPISTOL.E. v S9& CCXXXIII. Besideratissimo _29a^rt hi Christo, Fratri W. Bcllun, Frater Ada salutem, et de innumeris ingenuct mentis tnunijicentiis 2:)l'LLsquam obsequialea per- petis^ amicitiw gratiarum actioiies, Scio quoniam sufficit benignas strenuitati desiderium Begs his insinuasse fraterniim, propter quod, licet mea frequen- ^^'"^"^^^ m tins devotionem vest ram precibus improbitas remunera- ness of vit, tamen rogo, mi amantissime, quatenus per Thomara ]yiar™co ^ de Marisco, vobis vestri gratia non incognito et mihi sanguine conjuncto, cum ipsius negotium per latorem praesentium vobis viva voce fuerit insinuatum, illud, secundum quod res requisierit et vestra melius novit industria, prosequi velitis efScaci benignitatis diligentia. Valeat dilectionis vestrse probata suavitas in Christo semper et beatissima* Virgine. CCXXXIV. Besideratissimo patri, Fratri W. Bellun, Frater Ada salutem, et obsequialem affectus devoti prompii- tudinem. Tanto confidentius pro iis, qui familiari contubernio in behalf mihi sunt coniuncti, vestram petitoriis benio-nitatem Sf ^- "^^ '' , ^ ... Kadenore^ interpellare consentio, quanto sedulam inolitae benig- rector of nitatis diligentiam apud vestrse discretionis industriam qj^^^^^ij erga meam modicitatem plurimis, licet non meruerim, Clapham. argumentorum experimentis probavi fuisse liberaliorem. Quocirca pro carissimo mihi in Christo domino W. de Sic, MS. 400 AD^ DE MARISCO Radenore, rectore ecclesise Christi de Clopham,' vestrse supplico dilectioni, rogans attentiiis quatenus eidem in negotio, quod ipse, si placet, vobis viva voce est ex- positurus, quoad fieri poterit veritate prsevia et in- offensa justitia, salutaris consilii et efficacis adjutorii, juxta caritatis vestrce circumspectionem, velitis impen- dere. Valeat vestra benignitas in Christo semper et beatissima Virgine. Reverendissimum patrem, domi- num N.,^ ecclesise Cliristi Cantuarire priorem filiosque vestros obsequio mei rogo salutetis, insufficientiam meam piis ipsorum orationibus recommendantes. Thanks ccxxxv. Fratri W. Bellun Frater Ada. Lsetificavit me Iseta littera latioris animi. Lsetificet him for his ^^^ Isetitia sempiterna latitudinis immensse. Magnifi- interposi- centitB reginalis liberali gratise mensuram superefHuen- tlie Earl of ^®^^ inexliausta largitio rependat, oro, pro indeficienti Cornwall, fontalium beneficiorum affluentia. Indefessam seduli- tatis vestree strenuitatem dementi semper dignatione respiciens, pro eo quod insufficientiam meam apud in- clytum comitem Cornubise efiicaci diligentia excusare studuistis, dignum ^ dilectionis vestr;© fidei quantas valeo refero gratiarum actiones. Cum quo vobiscum, sicut insi- nuastis, non mediocriter gauderem habere colloquium, si loci, et temporis, et aliarum circumstantiarum optabilis interveniret opportunitas, quam ad prtesens apparentem non adverto :* prsesertim cum memorati domini comi- tis statum, quern prosperum faciat Divinitas propitia, ' Clapliam, in Bedfordshire. Af- terwards Bishop of Llandaff, in 12.56. - Nic. Sandwich, prior 12-14 to 1258. Seep. 211. ^ Sic. * aver to, MS. EPISTOLiE. 401 magnorum eventuum multa varietas mutationibus im- provisis de facili valeat his diebus variare ; mihi quoque incumbat, circa instantem Dominicam in Ramis Palma- rum versus dominum Lincolnise, juxta urgens ipsius mandatum, propter discriminosa causarum gravium molestamina iter arripere. Valeat amicitite vestraj benigna suavitas in Christo, etc. Obsequio mei salutari peto carum patrem, fratrem Wa[l]terum. CCXXXVI. Besideratissimo patri, Fra.tri W. Bcllun, Frater Ada salutem, et inviolabileiii dehitce dllectionis neces- situdinem. Mi carissime, super quod valeo memor amicitise be- ^fS^ ^^ nignse sedulitati referre cupio gTatiarum actiones, nee mote the immerito, quia ere-a meam humilitatem affectio redi- business , . . . . . 1 . , , of the Bp. viva vestrse benignitatis vicibus sequentatis ' satagit elect of St, ostendere. CoBterum strenuam caritatis vestrse promp- ^tt^ji! titudinem, in causarum salutarium promotione ssepius Iving. comprobatam, ob intuitum Salvatoris suppliciter ob- secro, quatenus reverendi patris domini Aniani, electi de Scto. Asaph, ^ pium negotium aj)ud regalem clemen- tiam, ad ecclesiasticse salutis incrementum, sub seternse retributionis expectatione, secundum quod vestrse dis- cretioni divinitus fuerit inspiratum, diligenter velitis adjuvare. Valeat vestrse dilectionis suavitas, etc. ' Sic, frequentatis? I = See p. 255. He was bishop I from 1249 to 1266. C C 402 AD^ DE MARISCO CCXXXVII. Desideratissimo imtri in Christo, Fratri W. Bellun, Frater Ada salutem, pacem in terris et gloriain in excelsis. ni health and the badness of the wea- ther pre- vent him from visit- ing the Court at present. Cum prfeter by em ales elementorum injurias, prseter prolixas viarum difficultates, prseter importuni tem- poris angustias, prseter vexati vigoris fatigationes, etiam invalidse valetudinis molesta gravitas obsistat, quo- minus, juxta regalis excellentise jussionem, ad instans festum Sti. Eadwardi ^ personal iter aecedere sufficiam, suppliciter obsecro ut sicut potuerit, noverit, voluerit benigni cordis diserta strenuitas, apud regise majestatis celsitudinem urgentes promptee devotionis detinentias, si tamen id opportunum fore censueritis, vigilanti velit excusare diligentia ; tanto propensiori petitionem prse- sentem admittentes sedulitate, quanto mentem sauciam dolor anxius ex memoratis obsistentiis acrius affligit. Valeat amabilis dilectionis vestrge sinceritas in Cliristo semper et beatissima Virgine. CCXXXVIII. Fratri R. dicto Monacho Frater Ada salutem.^ In behalf Amatum clericum, ut puto, mansueto more hones- ofa clergy, tatum, re familiari attenuatum, atroces injurias per- named. pessum, ob Divinre miserationis intuitum sestimo plu- rimum esse compatiendum cum efFectu, cum Is, qui ait, " Estote misericordes, sicut et Pater vester miseri- " cors est," et quinto loco beatificans misericordes, ' If Edward the Confessor, this would be Jan, 5 ; if the Martyr, March 18 th. Seep. 110. EPISTOL^. 40^ *• Beati," inquiens, " misericordes, quoniam ipsi miseri- " cordiam consequentur." Rogo igitur benignam inter- ventionis vestrse strenuitatem, ut eundem clericum magistro Roberto de Sta. Agatha, vel magistro Rogero, vel magistro Nicholao, vel quibusdam eonim, vel omni- bus, vice vestri et mei recommendare velitis in Domino, vel alicui alii, sicut expedire censueritis, ut in negotiis snis expediendis in curia domini Lincolnise benevoli fa- voris opportunitas secundum Dominum et in Domino maturius exhibeatur, etiam pro ipso apud dominum intervenientes ut aliquam eleemosynse suae portiunculam pauperrimus percipiat, licet alias idem dominus sui gra.- tia de memorata eleemosyna sua illi fecerit subvenire. CCXXXIX. Desideratissimo patri, Fratri R., dicto Monaclio, Fra- ter Ada salutem. Pro domina priorissa de Beletun, et ejusdem loci For the venerabili collegio virginum, memini me nuper scrip- and^Nmis sisse domino Lincolnige, et domino archidiacono Oxonise, of Belton. et domino archidiacono Leycestrise, et vobis, mi caris- sime. Memoratse autem moniales interpositas a me pro ipsis hujuscemodi petitiones, per suam simplicita- tem, ut reor, secundum rationabilem rerum necessari- arum requisitionem nequaquam ut oportuit sunt pro- secutse. Proinde non piget iterato earundem causas vobis, si placet, viva voce exponendas, circumspectse ves- trse strenuitatis industries in Cliristo recommendare, pro C[uibus sub quanta possum affectione instanter rogo, supplicans attentius quatenus ob benedicti Salvatoris intuitum eisdem de consueta sedulitatis benignse vigi- lantia, in iis quse ad prsefatfe domus spectare cognos- euntur pacem pariter et salutem, apud memoratos do- minos consilium et auxilium impartiri studeatis saga- citate benevola. c c 2 404 ADJE DE JIARISCO Suasoriis supersedendum putavi ad eum, cui persua- sit inspiratio Divina, gratise suae dona non deserere, pro quibus laboriosas operas impendere non negastis. Anxie dolendum et stupendum apprime puto quod pestis ilia, per quam tantse religiosee conversationis corruptelse supradicto conventui, ut dicitur, sunt ingestse, adhuc, ut audio, sub falso magistri nomine perdendis tarn re- bus quam moribus perniciosius incumbit. Torporis in hac parte fomitem subministrant, ut astruitur, apud reverendissimum pontificem quidam pestilentes, instar scorpionum blandimento capitis caudse percussi[onem] ' obtegentes. Utinam abscindantur qui pii prsesulis pro- visivam elementiam vicibus frequentatis, quae sua sunt, non qujB Jesu Christi qurerentes, jugiter conturbare moliuntur. Valeat dilectionis vestrse, etc. CCXL. Fratri A. de Bechesoueres Frater Ada. For Roger Toties experta obsequialis benignitatis vestrse libe- ■^y ralitas modicitati mese, licet immeritse, precum incul- candi frequentiam in causis pietatis vestri gratia fidu- ciam administrat. Eapropter pro dilecto mihi in Christo Rogero de Kyrkeby, fratris nostri Ricardi de Kyrkeby conventus de Stanford germano, juvene juxta testi- monii credibilis assertionem, lionest?e conversationis et spei laudabilis, sedulitatis vestrse benevolse discretioni prsesentem dirigo petitionem, rogans attentius quatenus eidem, secundum periculosse valetudinis requisitionem necessariam, quantum fuerit propitia Divinitas, sub- ventionis manum adliibere non ducatis indignum. Va- leat benevolentiae vestree gratia suavitas, etc. • Corrected in the margin, but the last letters are wanting, as the margin has been injured. EPISTOLiE. 405 CCXLI. Prcedilecto sihi in Chrlsto ixdri, Fratri A. de Beche- soueres Frater Ada salutem in Domino. Benignam sedulitatis vestrse dilectionem rogo suppli- Foi* Wal- citer, quatenus honorabilem virum Walterum de Mertuii/ Mertun ad prsesentiam domini Lincolnire accedentem, ut per ^^'^o desires ... , . , , . , to be made manuum suarum impositionem ordinem subdiaconatus, a subdea- propitia Divinitate, suscipiat, propensioris officii liberali ^^'^* diligentia cum ad vos venerit, juxta quod requirit tanti amici digna familiaritas, prosequi curetis in Do- mino. Valete. CCXLII. Desideratissimo jpatri, Fratri A. de Lexinton, Ministri AnglhCB vicario, Frater Ada salutem, et devotam in Domino subjectl famidatus obedientiam. Quidni interioris cordis verecundia exteriori faciem Expressive rubore suffunderet, cum maestus animus indubitanter ? •„ 'i , • ' irienclsnip. attenderet, quanta sit ei defectionis difFormitas ad desi- Hopes to derabilem illius hominis virtutem, quem politus tenor ^j^^. ensuing dulcis epistolse mihi vestri gratia transmissse tarn in- Chapter of signiter venustavit. Sed conceptee molestia3 lioc unum occurrit remedium, quod secundum pliilosophicam - tra- ditionem unumquodque est in recipiente per modum recipientis, et non per modum recepti.^ Ex quo veraciter collegi, quod cujus in exordio litter?B meministis lidelis amicitise pia prsesumptio, non qualem habuit sed qua- lem amavit secundum inolitam sanctse afFectionis legem sibi formavit amicum. In quo ergo mihi poterit esse 1 Keeper of the Great Seal, 1258, Chancellor of England in 1261, and Bishop of Rochester in 1274. - phyicam, MS. 3 Aristot. Ethic, viii. 9. 406 ADiE DE MARISCO consultum, nisi ut qualibuscunque viribus nitar, si ta- men divinitus detur eniti, ad illud attingere quod mihi affectat paternitatis vestrse pia sedulitas, ut saltern per moris assimilationem vestrse caritatis amplexibus arctius astringar, cujus sancto patrocinante suffragio iJluc," Di- vinitate propitia, quo per se nullatenus sufficit per- tingere, imbecillitatis mese sustollatur defectio ? Hanc etiam solam nobis in mutuse prsesentise desiderio, puto, conspicimus adesse consolationem. Quod, cum verissime simus ubi vivimus, in illo vivere velimus amore, qui solus veram concilians amicitiam tarn prsesentes eos in- vicem exhibet, quos disjungit locorum distantia, quam in se adunatos sibi absentes esse non permittit, cujus omnibus locis est indeficiens, indivisibilis essentia. Sed de his hactenus. Cseterum de negotio fratrum de Scardeburga, ^ si illud irritat hominum pervicacia quod approbavit Dei judicium, quid fieri valebit nisi ut sa- pientise quae desursum est adhserentes, eis qui ssecula- riter sapiunt quoad fieri j)otest per Christum resistatur, aut si possibilitas non suppetit, in ipso longanimiter perferantm". Denique quia incertum est de mora mea apud Radingam post expleta negotia, quonnn memini- stis, puto fore consultum quod, nisi hoc itineris requirat commoditas, contemplatione mei, Radingam hac vice transitum non faciatis, cum in capitido instantij si Deus voluerit, de mutuo colloquio simus in Christo gavisuri. Valeat benignse paternitatis vestrse serenitas in Christo, etc. CCXLIII. Fratri Gregorio Frater Ada salutem in Domino, et sempiternam sincerce dilectionis affectionem. Difficulty Coarctavit spii-itum cordis mei anxia sollicitudo super asui^able^ facto ecclesise de Kemesyng. Cum enim occm'rat or- ' Of this dispute at Scarborough, see Grostete's Letter in the Appendix. EPISTOL^. 407 bis plenus sacerdotibus, vix invenitur aliquis, qui vel Clergyman tolerabiliter idoneus censeri valeat ad agendum of- c^ur^h of ncium sacerdotis. Tanta siquidem est moles malorum Kemesyng. novissimorum dienmi periculosissimis temjDoribus, et mends two inexplicabilis defectuum varietas, quibus liinc obsistunt persons, sanctiones evangelicse, illinc contrariantur canonicse tra- ditiones. Subsistit tamen mese cogitationis disquisitio in duabus personis, quarum una, dicitur magister. . . } laudabiliter fungens saeerdotio et multiplicibus sufficien- tiarum titulis insignitus ; alter vero est magister . . . ^ vobis non incognitus ; de quo, si ad gradum sacerdotii fuisset promotus, quantum ad regimen animarum prse- teritorum experientia fidem faciat futurorum . . . .^ Yaleat amicitise vestree fidelitas in Christo, etc. CCXLIY. Fratri Warino de Haswell Frater Ada salutem. Lsetificaret me, mi dilecte de statu vestro Isetus au- Desires a ditus, quem, oro, promoveat superna manuductio de ^j^ j^xpo- virtute in virtutem, quousque videatur Deus Deorum in sition on Sion. Quid, rogo, faciet ingenuse mentis devotio, quam ^^^ ^^^^^ commendat insigniter, et vigoris efficaeia, et industria Virgin, sensus, et zeli vivacitas, si non jugi satagat vigilantia beatam illam in quam conjui'a\dt professionem, cum animabus, quas coeleste fervefecit desiderium, et puram, et claram, et sanctam, ad deiformem originem reformare ? IJt quid conarer persuasoriis ad persuasum divinitus affectum? SufEciat nunc prsestitisse peritise pietatis oc- casionem. Valeat benignitatis vestrse dilectio, etc. ' Blank in the MS. I but "witliout any notice in the » Blank in the MS. I but 2 The sentence is left unfinished, J MS. 408 AD^ DE MARISCO secular oc- cupations of the friars. Carum milii foret, carissime, si expositiunculam sum- mariam, quam, me turn prsesente, tabular! memorise commisistis tempore capituli Londino eelebrati, scrip- tui-se illius, " Nova lux Judseis visa est," secundum quod accipitur de nativitate Beatse Marise Virginis.^ Si non displiceat, peto illam per latorem prsesentium mihi mitti in cartula.^ Eegretsthe Cum semotus a desiderabilium fratrum frequentia vastse solitudinis salsuginem ingrederer amaricatam. dolor anxius, utpote inter spem et desperationem detrusam, totaliter occupavit, Quis, oro, locus erit lae- titise, ubi totam affectionem mceror afficit intolerabilis, totam rationem totus horror occupat, totam mentem coangustat stupor pavidus ? Nempe regnum cupiditatis effrenatissima rabie debacchari, et captivari luctuosissima calamitate regnum caritatis, ille solus lacrimabili non plangit consideratione, quem^ aut excsecavit Deus liujus seeculi, aut Balaam arioli socius cadit apertos habens ociilos ; jam oculis solis hujus expositum est, proh dolor ! dirum, inauditum facinoris spectaculum, Etenim honorem puritatis atrox opprimit violentia, decorem claritatis fictio phantasmalis obnubilat, amorem sanctita- tis conculcat voluptatis afFectatio. Quid ergo ? Numquid non expectatm' trucidatum iri universum ccelestis aulse tyrocinium, cum gloriosa professio, quam ad subve- niendum ecclesiasticse depopulation! novissimorum die- rum periculosissimis temporibus non sine stupore totius mundi tam potenter excltavit, tarn sapienter iUustravit, tam salubriter ampliavit, ut per singularem liumilitatis mansuetudinem, per spiritualem paupertatis exquisi- tionem, per prserogativam castitatis districtionem, con- tra pruicipatus et potestates, contra mundi rectores ' So in the MS., the sense being incomplete. * The postscript which foUo-ws does not seem to belong to the pre- ceding letter. ^ cjuam, MS. EPISTOL^. 409 tenebrarum liarum, contra spirituales nequitias in coe- lestibus, quasi jam soluto Satana, stragem animarum exercentes, et triumphalia castra moveret, et expeditas acies instrueret, et densos congressus constiparet : cum hsec, inquam, professio vel invita compellitur et cadu- cis honoribus ambitiosius inhiare, mobilibus affluentiis curiosius inservire, et foedis voluptatibus deformius in- hserere. Nonne ruina prjesens, ut salva loquar, heu ! heu ! quorundam in manibus nefariorum principum conspicitur, et ingredientium pompatice domum Do- mini, et confidentium in monte Samarige, et incu- bantium fictionibus lascivientium, propter quod migra- bunt nunc in capite transmigrantium, secundum quod tarn terribiliter juravit in animam suam Dominus Deus exercituum ? Sed quid unquam tristius cogitari poterit, quam quod qvii hoc gratulabunda laudatione non pro- sequitur, aut sjevientium concutitur cruciatibus, aut insultantium vexatur contumeliis, aut subsannantium deridetur despectionibus ? O Altissimse Majestatis in- juriam ! inscrutabilis sapientise contradictionem ! O inestimabilem clementi?e contemptum ! Numquid qui plantavit aurem non audiet, aut qui finxit oculum non considerat ? ^ Absit ! Propterea speluncam latronum constat quia non tardabit discutere Deus ultionis. ^ An putamus quod auris coeli, ques audit omnia, non attendit voces clamantium sub altare Dei, "Vindica " sanguinem nostrum, Deus noster " ? An credimus quod Is, in cujus conspectu non est aliqua creatura in- visibilis, videns videat afflictionem ^gyptiacam, et non descendit^ liberare populum suum ? Sed quorsum ista? Ut quid flamantissimis fervoribus accendendis torpor tepidus insudaret ? Igitur cohibeo calamum, quem la- crimosi cordis liquor cruentvis intinxit. Deliberavit nuper in publico ex voce confusa facies Sic. I - ultionem, MS. 410 AJDJE DE MAKISCO an se iterum per scripturam vestris prsesentaret aspec^ tibus. Siquidem liaesitavi mecum deliberans an scribe- rem. Ignoravit enim perturbatte mentis moestitia quid scriberet. Scripsi tamen quoniam ad scribendum impulit exagitati spiritus nescio qualis impatientia, quam proferunt prsesentis cart?e caracteres, qui qua- lecunque remedium desperationis in facto Dei, quos indigni sermonis imperiti fragminibus gemulatione qua- liscunque proloquor, mihi attulerunt, pro eo quod spiiitualem inter mortales concepi fiduciam de ves- trum invicta virtute, de vestrum circumspecta indus- tria, de vestiiim fervida aemulatione ad consummationem salutis operandam. Propterea cum indubitanter acce- perim quod piissimas animas fratrum nostrorum Lon- dini commorantium Spiritus Sanctus ardenter professse perfectionis desiderio vehementer inflammaverit, sit Dei Filio perenniter superexaltata benedictio, vestrae beatitudinis caritatem per vestrse salutis contempla- tionem exoro, per honorem beatissimse Vii'ginis invito, per rubricatum pio cruore \dvific8e crucis patibulum adjui-o, quatenus apud piissimum patrem ministrum nostrum, ex Dei patrocinio, per Angelorum subsidium in electorum suffragio, per omnem modimi infatigabili la- boretis diligentia, ut ad gloriam Divini Nominis, ad nostras salutis reparationem, ad sedificationem totius orbis, nuUatenus differre consentiat illam desiderabilem Vivendi formam, quae toties auribus ipsius per simpli- cissimas obsecrationes est inculcata, memoratis fratribus instituere, divinitus deinceps observandam. Valeat de- sideratissima vestrse dilectionis fides in Christo, etc. EPISTOL^. 411 CCXLV. Fratrihus N. et N. salutem. Non sine gratiarum actione fulgidse caritatis vestrse A letter of efficacem epistolam consolatoriam prseferre disertitudi- '^q^^. neni avidis consideravi luminibus. Cujus tamen series tion. nequaquam risurn miscuit dolori. Sed multiplici pro- portione contra sententiam Divinitatis, mixtionis le- gem excedens, illum in istius transtulit dominationem, ut vehementius extrema gaudii luctus occuparet. In- seruistis pio sermoni exhortationem de non diffidendo, quia non est manus Domini abbreviata ut salvare nequeat. Omnimodis benefecistis. Quis enim locus erit diffidentise cum dicat Dei virtus, Dei sapientia, " Con- " fidite, quia ego vici mundum"? Yere quidem sic est sicut scripistis. Sed numquid hoc absterget omnem lacrymam ab oculis virorum gementium et dolentium super abominationibus, quaj fuerint in medio Jeru- salem ? De quorum numero efficiat nos ille, qui se- cundum tenorem excellentissimse professionis nostrse juratam Spiritui Sancto ante terrificum tribunal for- midandissimge Majestatis electionem nostram in die ista vocat ad fletum et ad planet um, et ad calvitium et ad cingulum sacci, et dignos nos faciens in partem sortis sanctorum in lumine, et eripiens nos de potestate tenebrarum et transferens in regnum Filii dilectionis suae. Putandumne est quod omnipotentis sapientige benignitas, quam necesse est in universo regno Dei perenniter et bona probare et mala reprobare et universa ordinare, aut nequeat aut nesciat aut nolit, et ruinas erigere et errores corrigere et jDrava diri- gere ? Numquid hoc et luctus prophetarum et patri- archarum lamentatio, et fletus Unigeniti et Aposto- lorum ploratus, et ultra lacrymosi sanctorum moerores, 412 AD^ DE MARISCO tam anxie prosequi temporum sgecularium diebus non desistunt? Absit hoc a mentibus fidelium. Siquidem non defuit perfidia quse desperabiliter istud autuma- verit, sed virtutis oppugnationem, sed contradictionem veritatis, sed caritatis proscriptionem, sed extermi- nium fidei, sed confusionem ^ beatse sanctificationis in- explicabili districtione comprehendant. Horum reme- dium, qui respicit orationes liumilium et non sper- nit preces eorum, audit gemitus compeditorum et solvit filios interemptorum, ut annuntient in Sion limjiidse contemplationis nomen Domini, et laudem ejus in Jerusalem tranquillse conversationis, solus novit, ut video ; contra quod quanquam speravi, ego penitus ignoro ; propter quod quid facto opus sit invenire nullatenus sufficio, nisi deinceps ut indignus peccator voces reprimat, exprimat lacrymas, et ad illud hu- miliato conetur silentio, per quod importunum at- temptavit eloquium. Hoc mibi plurimum fore lugen- dum conspicio, quod et ineptis litteris et lingua de- spicabiH ilia non sum cumulatus - pr^esumere, a quo, heu milii ! mea in me ^ inconsideratio. Deprecates Utinam amantissimis mentibus cordis ardor patesce- the ili-re- ^.^^^ quem, quamvis cor litterj» vestrse mitigarent, ipsum spread by tamen fortius amaricavit anxia caudse percussio. Valeat meir^'*^^ dilectionis vestrse dulcedo in Christo, etc. Vereor quod fucorum fictiones in me etiam amicitiores mei suspi- centur. Sed quid agam non invenio. Ipse doceat quem non fallunt arcana cogitationum. Breviavi litteram quse vestram obsecro prudentiam non fastidiat. Pu- to [quod] ante dies emensos in hac parte casso co- natu per Divinitatem propitiam calamus fatuitatis mese vobis vel quibuscunque non erit importunus. confusibikm, ISIS. ] * Blank in MS. ■ Sic. EPISTOLiE. 413 CCXLVI. Fratri . . } scdutem, et post temiioris cursum hraviu7)i ceternitatis. Amabilissima caritatis vestrie littera, quam miner ^ ^^^^^^ ^^ , . . . ,. consola- mihi vestri gratia transmittere voluistis, saucio cordi tion. compassionis teliim infixit. Sed quantacunque sit vis anxietatis, quia non contristamur siciit et cseteri qui spem non habent, vim doloris mitigat divinae dispen- sationis pia consolatio, quae flagellat omnem filium quem recipit ; propter quod indubitanter confido, quod acer- bior examinatio diuturnpe valetudinis et expiavit ut sit pura, et illuminavit ut sit clara, et sublimavit ut sit sancta, piam animam, quae non dudum flagravit desiderio ad jucundas, ad luminosas, ad excelsas divini- tus suscipiendas mansion es. Cum quanta exultatione quantumcunque temporaliter afflictis, illud ad seternam occurrit consolationem, quod scriptum est : " Hoc autem " pro certo habet omnis, qui colit Te, quia vita ejus, " si in probatione fuerit, coronabitur, si autem in tri- " bulatione fuerit liberabitur, et si in correptione " fuerit ad misericordiam licebit venire. Non enim " delectaris in perditionibus nostris, quia post tempes- " tatem tranquillum facis, et post lacrimationem et " fletum exultationem infundis. Sit nomeii tuum, Deus " Israel, benedictmn in ssecula." Absit a me ut erga suavissimam vestra3 benignitatis affectionem qualiscun- que parvitatis mese devotio, quae vobis inter mortales nee immerito specialiter eonfitetur obnoxiam, aliqua- tenus aut minuat fidem amoris aut orationis affectum remittat. Numquid non Ilium cujus in littera memi- nistis justum formidandi examinis pavorem, pium cle- > Blank in MS. 41 -i AD.^ DE MARISCO mentissimffi Virginis patrocinium absorbere debebit, ut multo amplius fidens conscientia lastificet, quam tremens exultatio contristet ? Scio quod hsec superatur ab ilia multum quidem per omnem modum, propter quod ore sit securpe menti juge convivium. Succingo sermonem, nolens eruditse menti prolixitatis ingerere fastidium. Sufficiat saneto desiderio occasionem prsestitisse. Re- commendationes quas milii injunxistis pro vobis faci- endas, prompta voluntate per Dei gratiam facere curabo. Si cogens hoe non excluderet necessitas, jucundissimum mihi foret vobiscum vivse vocis habere colloquium ; sed necesse est ut quod locorum excludit distantia praesen- tia suppleat spirituum in Christo, qui ait, "Pater '' sancte, serva eos in nomine tuo, quos dedisti mihi, ut " sint unum sicut et nos/' Ad hsec, licet super corpo- rali incolumitate metum incutiat anceps acerbse vale- tudinis periculum, tamen securum pii Salvatoris adju- torium prsestat fiduciam. Nempe ipse est qui percutit et sanat, vulnerat et medetur, castigat et morti non tradit. Ipsum denique contra cuncta qualiumcunque cruciatuum discrimina benedictum summse salutis re- medium diffinientem audiamus : " In patientia vestra," etc.^ An address Scriptum quod mihi conficiendum vestra imposuit on tlfe oc-^ dominatio, pro gravi occupationum varietate raptim, casion of prout Divinitas concessit, aggregatum paternitati vestrse assumino- P^^' puerum prfBsentis litterge portitorem transmitto. the cross. Siquidem malo cassi laboris pigeat imperitiam, quam conscientiam accuset recusata prseceptio. Igitur si quid ' Here follows a blank folio, with the exception of the last four lines of tlie Epistle. The next begins, with- out any address, at the head of the succeeding folio, having no con- nexion with the preceding Letter. It was obviously addressed to the Pope. EPISTOLiE, 415 in tractatu memorato reperiat ingeniosa discretio, quod rationabili proposito conveniat, bene quidem ; sin autem, ponat scripturam, aufc, sicut videatur, abjiciat. Nequit autem inerranter restimari quod continet, nisi scrutabiliter releetam penset tequum rationis examen. Spero quoque quod in aliqua sui particula dabit occa- sionem sapienti, vestrse saltern occasionaliter servietur industrife, seciuidum quod scriptum est, "Da occasio- " nem sapienti et sapientior erit :" si tantum incultas liorrentis styli sentientias vestrse vestiat ornatus elo- quentise. Non mediocriter cor saucium molestat dolor anxius, pro eo quod non tarn propriee quam Cantuari- ensi ecclesipe personalem prsesentiam vestram cum evi- denti detrimentorum discrimine, si secus fieri potuisset, subducere concessistis. Concedat vobis, oro, propitia Divinitas habitare Christum per fid em in corde vestro, in caritate radicato et fundato, ut possitis compre- liendere cum omnibus Sanctis quae sit latitude, longi- tude, sublimitas et profunditas, latitude caritatis, lon- gitude seternitatis, sublimitas petestatis, profunditas veritatis ; que fiet ut quod sapienter mens concipit, efficaciter prenuntiet lingua sapientis. Primum. Quod per divinam institutienem non nisi unicus et summus pontifex prsesideat universis mundi nationibus. Secundum. De immanitate malerum his diebus no- vissimis mundum perturb antium. Tertium. De gratiarum actionibus Deo referendis pro summo pentifice prsesentis temporis ad dispen- sationem salutis contra tanta discrimina universe erbi divinitus concesse. , Quartum. Qualibus sanctitatis eminentiis ej)orteat esse prseditos ad imitationem summi pontificis eos, qui eidem assistunt in ecclesiarum regimine. "•^ Quintum. De supernis paternarum illuminatienum eventibus his temperibus divinitus cencessis, quibus 416 AD.E DE MARISCO ad summi pontificis devotionem universus orbis excel- lenter animatur. Sextum. Quod non nisi ad eum, qui nunc prcesidet, summum pontificem in necessitatum opportunitatibus orbem universum recurrere oportet pro remediis. Septimum. Quod regnum Anglipe ej usque et prin- cipem, et clerum, et populum, inter cseteras mundi na- tiones prserogativa summus pontifex jugiter prosequi debeat benevolentise. Octavum. Quam cogentibus rationum efficaciis pium regis AnglifB propositum pro cultu contra liostes fidei divinitus inspiratum, a summo pontifice sit diligentis- sime promovendum. Nonum. Quia licet ad labores bellicos, quanquam contra perfidos sint excitandi principes Catholici, tamen nunquam praelatis ecclesiasticis est desistendum ad in- fideles ab exercitio prsedicationum. Decimum. Qualiter tam spirituals gladius quam martialis ad sacerdotium ecclesite pertineat, ratione tamen dispari.^ Cap. T. Quam sit adoranda s?eculis omnibus Providentia non nisi deficiendo consideramus, per quam sicut unum prin- cipiura in coelo tribus hierarchiis, singulis secundum ternos ordines distinctis, principatur, ita in terra prsesul unus pr?esideat tribus hierarchiis secundum ternos ordines dispartitis. Quemadmodum enim astruit sanctus Dionysius se a beato Paulo Apostolo institore nostro didicisse, in prima quidem hierarchia primo Se- raphin, secundo Cherubin, tertio Throni ; in secunda, primo Dominationes, secundo Yirtutes, tertio Potestates ; ' Here follows a blank of twenty-three lines. EPISTOL^. 417 ill tertia, priiiio Principatus, secundo Archangeli, tertio Angeli, sub iino divini principatus fastigio collocan- tur ; ita cum Altissimus Pater unigenitum Filium de coelis a regalibus sedibus introducens in orbem terra- rum, ut qui solus novit ordinem coeli ad complementum beatitudinis poneret rationem ejus in terra, fieri prse- cepit tabernaculum secundum exemplar quod ei moii- stratum est in monte, quatenus juxta imitationem ec- clesifB triumphantis militantera ecclesiam tres liierar- cliicC, per tres peternos ordines discriminata?, sub unico summi pontiiicis principatu, integraliter constituant, ut sit prim^e liierarchi^e primitivus ordo consistens in hominibus apostolicis, secundus in prophetalibus, ter- tius in patriarchalibus ; medife vero primus in jDontifi- calibus, secundus in sacerdotalibus, tertius in diacona- libus ; postreniiTeque primus in regalibus, secundiLs in popularibus, tertius in poenitentialibus. Igitur divinas illuminationes coelestes animi revelatis oculis in super- splendente ipsarum vertice limpidissime contemplan- tur, et a superioribus etiam in inferiores hierarchiarum ordines ordinatissime derivatas in hierarchicos eccle- siasticse institutionis ordines, secundum suam capa- eitatem, per suam mediationem transfundunt ; per quas ad Deum earundem Patrem illuminationum, con- versio, sursum actio, communicatio, unitio nostrorum animorum, manuducentibus supernis spiritibus, et ab infimis usque ad summos promoventibus feliciter consummatur. Summas autem essentias supermundanBO hierarcliite Salvatorein immediate docentem ostendit Isaias, cum easdem introducit de mysteriis redemptionis ad invicem disquirentes liis verbis, " Quis est iste, " qui venit de Edom, tinctis vestibus de Bosrah ?" divinam Domini Jesu subinferens resjjonsionem, cum dicit, "Ego qui loquor justitiam, et propugnator ad " salvandum." Quod vero a superioribus ccelestium es- sentiarum inferiores ordines divinas recipiant influentias, loquitur iterum propheta Isaias, ubi refert " unum Sera- " pliim clamasse ad alterum/' ostendens plane quoniam D D 418 AD/E DE MARISCO ille qui clamavit eum docuit ad quern clamavit. Quia etiam manifestationes divini luminis, quod primo su- pernis essentiis ingignitur, per ipsas ad nos transfe- rantiu', ex sententia beati Apostoli ad Galatas insinua- tur, in eo quod scribitur " lex ordinata per Angelos in " manu mediatoris/' hoc insuper per illud prsecipue confirmatur, quod beatissimse Dei Genitrici super omnem creaturam coelitus sublimatse, Dominicse Incarnationis mysterium, quod ipse a Domino didicerat, Arcbangelus nuntiavit. Ex his, itaque, quid evidentius quam quod summo unici pontificis sacerdotio totius orbis humanae nationes ex Omnipotentis decreto subjiciantur ? Exeim- dum etenini orbe ei, qui forte volet explorare quae non ad ipsius curam pertineant. De summis namque sa- cerdotibus, princijDis apostolorum successoribus, nimis, ait, confortatus est principatus eorum, qui constituti sunt principes orbis terrarum. Eis tu, beatissime pater, successisti in h?ereditatem. Ita tu hteres et orbis hsereditas.^ Annon de ecclesiastici cuhninis summo pontifice scribit legislator, dicens : " Qui superbierit, nolens " obedire sacerdotis imperio, qui eo tempore minis- " trat Domino Dei et decreto judicis, morietur homo " ille, et auferetur malum de medio Israel ; cune- " tusque populus audiens timebit, ut nullus deinceps " intumescat superbia ? " Quern nisi summum pon- tificem divinus alloquitur sermo, quo dicitur : " Ecce " dedi verba mea in ore tuo ; ecce constitui te hodie " super gentes et super regna, ut evellas, et destruas, " et disperdas, et dissipes, et fedifices, et plantes?" Cujus quoque nisi papalis excellenti?e ilium mundi nionarchum Assuerum figuram prsetendere putabimus, qui sic loquens invenitur [cap. xiii.] : " Cum pluribus " gentibus iraperarem, et universum orbem mea3 di- " tioni subjugassem, volui nequaquam potentife abiiti " magnitudine, sed dementia et lenitate gubernare sub- Sic EPISTOLiE. 419 " jectos, ut absque iillo terrorc vitam silentio transi- " gentes optata cimctis pace frueroiitur/' Accedit Imc efficacia uou mediocris, cjuod discipuli navigabant et Doraiiiiis ap[)arebat in littore, quodcpie jucnndiis erat in corpore redivivo. Sciensqne PetruB quia Dominus est, in mare se misit, et sic venit ad ipsum, aliis navigio pervenientibus. Nempe signum insigne singularis pon- tificii Petri, cui vos in integrum successistis, quod non navim unam ut cseteri, quique [non] suam sed sreculum ipsum suscepit gubernandum. Mare totum sreculum est ; naves, ecclesise. Inde est quod altei'a vice instar Domini gradiens super aquas, imicum se Christi vicarium designavit, qui non uni populo sed cunctis prasesse debet. Siqui- dem aquse multa3 ; populi multi. Ita cum quisque cpeterorum habeat sua, vobis commissa est grandis- sima navis, facta ex Lominibus, ipsa visibilis ecclesia toto orbe terrarum diffusa. Annon certissime com- mendat summi sacerdotis singularem^ auctoritatem, quod primogenitus mortuorum et princeps regum terne, post completa dispensatse salutis niysteria, jam jamque praj- sentia corporali nnmdum viduaturus, et conseensurus ad destram Majestatis in excelsis, ad prredecessorem vestrum Principem Apostolorum sermonem dirigens, sul) trina dilectionis interrpgatione et trina responsionis anxietate, eidem pascendam commendavit, cum tanta trinre pragceptionis districtione, tripartitam nationum Sfecularium universitatem, sic aiens : ' " Symon Johan- " ' nis, diligis me plus his V Dicit ei, ' Etiam, Domine, " ' tu scis quia amo te.' Dicit ei, ' Pasce agnos meos/ " Dicit ei iterum : ' Symon Jobannis, diligis me f Ait " illi, ' Etiam Domine, tu scis quia amo te.' Dicit ei, " ' Pasce agnos meos.' Dicit ei tertio : ' Symon Jo- " ' hannis, amas ^ me?' Contristatus est Petrus quia " dixit ei tertio, ' Amas me V et dixit ei, ' Domine, ' singularis, M9. | - So corrected from diligis in the MS. D D 2 420 AD.E DE MAIUSCO " ' tu omnia nosti ; tu scis quia amo te/ Dicit ei, " ' Pasce oves meas/ " Liquet nihilominus per irrefra- CTabilem rationis efficaciam, quod cum concors unitas pacificse tranquillitatis, qua3 tam in superioribus rerum divinarura, quam in inferioribus rerum humanarum ordinibus, ad agendam felicis vitse conversationem in- evitabili necessitatis exigentia requiritur, nee nisi ex uno procedit, nee nisi per unum proficit, nee nisi in uno consummatur ; non enim nisi ad unitatem unius ordi- nantis sequitur unitas ordinata3 multitudinis, cum ul- terius nisi ab unitate in causa sit unitas in causato. Cum, inquam, sic sit, liquet luculenter quod Is, qui facit concordiam in sublimibus suis, pacificans per sanguinem crucis suse sive quas in coelis, sive quae in terris, quique jam vivificte mortis ascensurus pati- bidum non tantum pro gente, sed ut filios Dei, qui dispersi erant, congregaret in unum, inter novissima salutifer?e dispensationis eloquia : " Et ego," inquit, " claritatem, quam dedisti mihi, dedi eis, ut sint " mium, sicut et nos unum sumus, ego in eis, et tu " in me, ut sint consummati in unum, et cognoscat " mundus quia tu misisti et dilexisti eos sicut et me " dilexisti." Sicut ipse Dominator unicus consortiis angelicis prrosidet in ccelestibus, sic ipse dispensato- rem unicum congregationibus humanis prsefecit in terrestribus, donee evacuaverit omnem principatum et potestatem, aliasque oves, qu?e non sunt de hoc ovili, adduxerit, tradiderit quoque regnum Deo et Patri, et fiat unum ovile et unus pastor. Cap. II. Thedis- Cum autem ad fines flnium senescente iam mundo, orders of . „ . j » the times, perventum esse visum merit et impletum quod prae- dixit Salvator, quoniam abundabit iniquitas et retri- gescet caritas multorum, adeo quod jam quasi solute EPISTOL^E. 421 Satanca vigeant liorrores, quos prrcnuntiat Apostolus, dicens : " Scito quod in novissimis dicbus instabuiit " tempera periculosa, et erunt homines seipsos amantes, " cupidi, elati, superbi, blasphcmi, parentibus non obe- " dientes, ingrati, scelesti, sine affectione, sine pace, " sine benignitate, proditores, protervi, tiimidi, c;oci, " voluptatum amatores niagis quam Dei, habentes " speciem quidem pietatis, virtutem autem ejus abne- " gantes : et hos devita." Seipsos amantes, ex privatione benevolentise ; cupidi, ex anxietate avaritiie ; elati, ex eftrpenatione arrogantife ; superbi, ex ambitione excellen- tite ; blasphcmi, per hteresum infidelitatem ; parentibus non obedientes, per disciplinarum rebellionem; ingrati, per beneficiorum oblivionem ; scelesti, per facinorum superexcedentiam ; sine affectione, in obdurata incom- passioue ; sine pace, in inquietante turbatione ; crimi- natores, in contumeliosa infamatione ; incontinentes, in libidinosa dissolutione ; immites, propter calumniam liti- giorum ; sine benignitate, propter repressionem liberali- tatum ; proditores, propter publicationem secretorum ; protervi, propter inverecundiam maleiiciorum ; tumidi, inflati, cordis pervieacia distenti ; cteci, tam in agen- dis quam in cognoscendis, stultitia contenebrati ; vo- luptatum amatores magis quam Dei, caruis lascivias deliciis spiritualibus praeponentes ; habentes speciem pie- tatis virtutem autem ejus abnegantes, honestatis sinni- latione sanctitatis honorem impugnantes. Vel, si mavis, tumidi, inflati pervicaciis ; cieci, contenebrati stultitiis ; voluptatum amatores magis quam Dei, subversi lasciviis ; habentes speciem pietatis, veritatem abnegantes, fiicati fallaciis. Quamobrem horribilius quam quibuscunque retro temporibus, per universa habitationis liumantTe climata in prsesentiarum grassari conspiciuntur evauge- liorum evacuationes, contradictiones legum, ecclesiarum vastationes, depopulationes regnorum, sacerdotioiTim concussiones, dejectiones principatuum, clericatumn con- culcationes, dissipationes militiarum, religiorum profana^ 422 AD^ DE MARISCO tiones, perditiones plebiuui, malignitatuni acerbitates, ferocitates peremptionum, sordium inquinatioiies, vio- lentige prpelationum, perfidianim pravitates, vehementia3 seditionum, fraudiilenti?e discidiorum, schismatum repug- uantire, rnolimina proditioiium. Ita quod non aliter in his omnibus quam formidandissimaj tormentorum infernaliuni vastitates rebus humanis inferri videantur. Cap. III. The joy of Cum igitur, sicut sub compendio prrescriptum est, election of P^"*^^^ dolor ! ha^c sic se habeant, quis aastimare valebit the new quantis benedictionum prseconiis superclementem Sal- ^*^° ^ ■ vatoris dignationem Catholicus orbis jugi lastitia prose- quitur, qui, sicut est hodie, contra perditionum tanta discrimina, ad mundanse salutis reformationem, vicarium Christi, Petri successorem, in Apostolicpe sedis apice summo collocavit ; pontificem videlicet, quern magnificte majestatis excellentia, constantia strenuitatis impavidse, sollertis industrige disertitudo, soUicitudo circumspicientis vigilantiaa, fortis ut mors dilectio, dura ut infernus cemulatio, certissima confidentire securitas, longanimitas sustinentise suavissima, latissimi cordis munificentia, magnanimitas sangiiinis clarissimi, titulis mundo spec- tabilibus ex singulari divinitatis munere insignire con- spiciuntur. Proinde gratulatur ecclesia l?etabunda et cantans de tantarum eminentiarum praselecto pontifice Altissimi consilium de supernis, aiens, " Inveni viruni " secundum cor meum ;" in quem scilicet solempni concurrunt evidentia necessarian ad Papalem dignitatem, in qua sibi sicut in Filio Deus Pater complaceat, requi- sitag charismatum elegantise, quas sub suavi brevitate compreliendens quidam prpecipuus mysteriorum inves- tigator, et summi pontificis dignitatem alloquens, " Con- " sideres," inquit, ''ante omnia sanctam Romanam ec- *' clesiam, cui, Domino auctore, prsees, ecclesiarum ma- " trem esse non dominam : te vero non dominum epi- EPISTOL^. 423 " scoporuiu sed uiiimi ex ipsis ; porro Iratrem diligen- " tium Doniiuum, et participem tinientium eimi. De " cietero oportet te esse coiisidera formain justititc, *' sanctimonies speculum, pietatis exemplar, assei-torem " veritatis, fidei defensorem, doctorem gentimu, Cliris- " tianorum ducem, amicum sponsi, sponsee paranym- " plium, cleri ordinatorem, plebium pastorem, magistrum " insipientium, refugium oppressorum, pauperum advo- " catum, miserorum spem, tutorem pupillorum, judicem " viduarum, oculum cfBcorum, linguam mutorum, ba- " culum senum, ultorem scelerum, malormn metum, " bonorum gloriam, virgam potentium, malleum tyran- " uorum, regum patrem, legum moderatorem, canonum " dispensatorem, sal terra?, orbis lumen, sacerdotem " Altissimi, vicarium Christi, cluistum Domini ; pos- " tremo Deum Pharaonis. Intellige qute dico. Dabit " Dominiis intellectum ; ubi malitisG juncta potentia *' est, aliquid tibi super hominem prsesumendum. " Vultus tuus super facientes mala ; timeat spiritum " irge tuse, qui liominem non veretur, gladium non for- " midat. Timeat orationem qui admonitionem con- " tempsit. Cui iraseeris tu, Deum sibi iratum, non " liominem putet ; qui te non audierit, auditurum " Deum, et contra se paveat." ^ Cap. IV. Porro ut quae praslibavi ad gioriam Divini honoris, Exhorts ad gratiam ecclesiasticaB salutis, ad coronam perfectee l"""/"*!'^ ° L . -words 01 felicitatis, inofFensa proficiant efhcacia, summopere sata- st. Ber- gendum vestrse beatitudini, sanctissime pater, ut secun- °^^'''- dum coelitus inspiratam definitionem ab illo, quem nuper memoravi, apostolicee sublimitatis semulatore spiritua- lissimo," ad vos in quodam prsedecessorum vestrorum habitam, inclytus curiae senatus vobis conformiter ' Bern. adEug.iv. 7. | * spdlissimo, MS. 424 AD/E DE MARISCO ordinetur, secundum illud, " Secundum judicem populi " sic et ministri ejus, et qualis rector est civitatis, " tales et inhabitantes in ea." Ait ergo : " Non vo- " lentes neque currentes assumito, sed cunctantes et " renuentes, et coge illos et compelle introire. In " talibus, ut opinor, requiescet spiritus tuus qui non " sunt attritfB frontis, sed verecundi, sed timorati ; " prseter Dominum tamen timeant nihil, nihil sperent " nisi a Deo ; qui adventantium non manus attendant, '' sed necessitates ; qui stent viriliter pro afflictis, et " judicent in gequitate pro mansuetis terrae ; qui sint " compositi ad mores, probati ad sanctimoniam, parati " ad obedientiam, mansueti ad patientiam, subjecti ad " disciplinam, rigidi ad censuram, catholici ad fidem, " fideles ad dispensationem, Concordes ad pacem, con- *' formes ad unitatem ; qui sint in judicio recti, in " consilio providi, in jubendo discreti, in disponendo " industrii, in agendo strenui, in loquendo modesti, in " adversitate securi, in prosperitate devoti, in zelo " sobrii, in misericordia non remissi, in otio non otiosi, '• in hospitio non dissoluti, in convivio non effusi, in " cura rei familiaris non anxii, alienee non cupidi, suae " non prodigi, ubique et in omnibus circumspecti ; qui " legatione pro Christo fungi, quoties opus erit, nee " jussi lenuant, nee non jussi affectent ; qui, quod ve- " recunde excusant, obstinatius non recusent ; qui " raissi post aurum non eant, sed Christum sequantur; " qui qu£estum legationum non aestiment, nee requirant " datum, sed fructum ; qui regibus Johannem exhi- " beant, -^gyptiis Moysen, fornicantibus Phineam, " Eliam idolatris, Elisseum avaris, Petrura mentienti- " bus, Pauluin blasphemantibus, negotiantibus Chris- " tum ; qui vulgus non spernant sed doceant, divites " non palpent sed terreant, pauperes non gr.avent sed " foveant, minas principum non paveant sed contem- " nant ; qui non cum turba intrent, nee cum ira " exeant ; qui ecclesias non spolient, sed emendent ; EPISTOL^. 425 " qui marsuijia non exhauriant, sed corda reficiant et " ci'imina corrigant, famse provideant siut3, nee invi- " deant alien ai ; qui orandi studium habeant et usum " gerant, et de omni re plus orationi fidant, quam " sua3 industria3 vel labori. Quorum ingressus paci- " fious, modestus exitus sit ; quorum sermo iedificatio, " quorum vita justitia ; quorum prsesentia grata ; quo- " rum memoria in benedictione ; qui se amabiles pra:'- " beant non verbo sed opere, verecundos se exhibeant " non fastu sed actu ; qui liumiles cum liumilibus et " cum innocentibus innocentes duros dure redarguant, " malignantes coei'ceant, reddant retributionem super- " bis ; qui non dote vidu^e et patrimonio Crucifixi " vel se, vel suos ditare festinent, gratis dantes quod " gratis acceperunt, gratis ffxcientes judicium injuriam " patientibus, vindictam in nationibus, increpationes in " populis ; qui de tuo denique spiritu, instar illorum " Ixx, Moysi accepisse cernantur, per quem sive absen- " tes sive prsesentes contendant j^lacere tibi, placere " Deo ; qui ad te redeant fatigati quidem, sed non " suffarcinati, simul gloriantes, non quod curiosa seu " pretiosa qugeque terrarura attiderint, sed quod reli- " querint pacem regnis, legem barbaris, quietem mo- " nasteriis, ecclesiis ordinem, clericis disciplinam, Deo " populum acceptabilem sectatorem bonorum operum." Et quibusdam interpositis adjungit : " O si talium " daretur copia virorum, quales perstrinximus, quid te " felicius, quid illo jucundius sfeculo ! Nonne secunda " ab ieternitate illorum tibi temporum beatitudo vide- " retur, cum te, quaquaversum procedens, stipatum " videres tam inclyto agmine beatorura ? O si videres " in vita tua ecclesiam Dei talibus innixam columnis ! " si Domini tui sponsam cerneres tantre commissam " fidei, tantfB creditam puritati, quid te beatius, quidve " securius, cum ejusmodi circa te vit?e tua3 et custodes " spectares simul et testes, quibus omnia tua secure " secreta comraitteres, communicares consilia ; quibus " te totum refunderes tamquam alteri tibi ; qui, si 426 ADM DE aLiPJSCO " velles aliquatenus deviare, non sinerent, frsenarent " 2^1'secipitem, donnitantem expergefacerent ; quorum te " reverentia et libertas extollentem reprimeret, exce- " dentem corrigeret ; quorum te constantia et fortitudo " nutantem fir mare t, erigeret diffidentem ; quorum te " fides et sanctitas ad quseque sancta, ad quteque lio- " nesta, ad qua}que pudica, ad qui^eque amabilia et " bongs famie pi'ovocaret ? '' ^ Cap. V. Marks of Nonne propter tam desiderabiles circa vos et vobis ,J!,^^f^^' assistentes iam dictas sanctimonias credendum est, O V our to «^' him in the sacerdotum optime, quod divinitas propitia, qu^ semper of infidds ^^^ *^^™^ temptatione proventum, consolans nos in omni and here- tribulatione nostra, cujus vicem in terra geritis, per eventus divinos, sub tanti Auctoris clementissimo gu- bernaculo, his diebus coelitus concessos, orb em universum improvisa novitate ad Y-^cesulatus vestri dignissimam devotiouem animare conspicitur ! Cum enim ex debac- chantibus Tartaris, ex Saracenis pervadentibus, ex Grrecis dissidentibus, ex inimicantibus Latinis, ex subjectis ab- errantibus, anxietatis inexplicabilis quinquifarius dolor considerationis vestme sanctam mansuetudinem meduli- tus molestaveritj juxta quod generali concilio prassidens, subsidenti tibi^ ecclesicTe lamentabili prosecutione pietatis vestras planxisse recolitur beata paternitas, ita certe, ut celeritate praecipiti mundi statmn labefactum iri cimctis pertimescentibus etiam piissima vox vestra ])Y0 universa CatliolictG fidei religione quasi Scripturse lamentiuu assumeret, ubi ait : ^ " Efi'uderunt sanguinem inuo- " centem per circuitum sanctificationis, et contaminave- " runt sanctificationem, et fugaverunt habitatores Jeru- " salem. Propter eos et facta est habitatio exterorum, ' lb. iv. 4, 5. I 3 Mac. i. & ii. - vll, MS. EPISTOL^. 427 " et facta est extera semini siio. Sauctiticatiu ejus de- " solata est, sicut solitudo. Dies festi ejus cojiversi •' sunt in luctum, Sabljata ejus in opprobrium, " lionores ejus in nihilum. Secundum gloriam ejus " multiplicata est ignominia ejus, et sublimitas ejus ** conversa est in luctum/' Et quibusdara interpo- sitis : " Yse mihi ! Ut quid natus sum videre contri- " tionem populi mei, et contritionem civitatis sanctte, " et sedere illic cum datur in inanibus inimicorum ? " Sancta in manu exterorum facta sunt ; templum " ejus sicut homo ignobilis ; vasa gloria3 ejus captiva " abducta smit ; trucidati sunt senes ejus in plateis, et " juvenes ejus cecidenmt in gladio inimicorum. Quee " gens non lisereditavit regnum ejus, et non obtinuit " spolia ejus? Omnis composition ejus ablata est; " qutio erat libera facta est ancilla, et ecclesia sanc- " ta nostra, et pulcliritudo nostra, et claritas nostra " desolata est, et coinquinavermit earn gentes. Quid " ergo adhuc nobis vivere ? Et scidit MathatLias, et " filii ejus, vestimenta sua, et opperueinmt se ciliciis, *' et planxerunfc valde." Et quis Matliatlnas, qui interpretatiu' donum Domini, nisi summus pontifex ex Divino munere conce&sus hominibus ? Et qui lilii ejus, nisi cardinalium coetus insignis, quorum est cum patre pro restaurandis regni Dei ruinis et vestimenta scindere, mundialium opperimenta vigenter contem- nendo, et opperiri ciliciis poenitentialibus, exercitiis carnem castigando, et plangere valde, anxiis luctibus corda compungendo ? Cum ea3, inquam, qiwe nunc dicta^ sunt, tam desperabiliter dir?3 clades quaqua- versum grassarentur ; ecce stupores inauditi, inusitata mii-acula, subitationes insperatse supernarum illumi- nationum desursum descendentium a Patre luminum, quas nee per vires potenti^e, nee per consilium pru- dentife, nee per merita innocentite mortales homines • 9po, MS. 428 AD.'E DE MARISCO sunt assecuti; sed largita est Dei vivi potestas, qiue nihil nequit, sapientia qupe niliil nescit, benevolentia quse nihil negat eorum quse ad salutem. Ut propter rerum ^ exhibitioneni fama celebri viilgetur per or- bem miindanum et Tartaroriim conversio et conster- natio Saracenorum, Gnecorura obsecratio et Latino- rum repressio, et correctio subditorum ; in tantum quod cum exaltatis gratiarum actionibus prasdicari debeat de Christianis, quod ad Israelitas pronuntiatum legi- mus : '• Jud?eis autem nova lux visa est oriri, gau- " dium, honor, et tripudium apud omnes populos, " urbes, atque omnes provincias, quocunque regis prse- " cepta veniebant, mira exaltatio, epulas atque convi- " vium, et festus dies ; in tantum ut alterius plures " gentis et sectas eorum religioni et cserimoniis jun- " gerentur." Grandis enim cunctos Judaici nominis terror invaserat, Ipso dumtaxat operante, de quo scriptum est : " Non est in horainis potestate consi- " lium tuum. Hoc autem habet pro certo omnis, qui " colit te, quia vita ejus, si in probatione fuerit, coro- " nabitm- ; si autem in tribulatione fuerit, liberabi- " tur ; et si in correptione fuerit, ad misericordiam " tuam pervenire licebit. Non enim delectaris in per- " ditionibus nostris, quia post tempestatem tranquil- " lum facis, et post lacrimationem et fletum exalta- " tionem infundis. Sit nomen tuum, Deus Israel, •' benedictum in sa3cula." Cap. VI. He is the -^.d quem igitur in universis necessitatttm gene- refuge of i-ibus universa fidelium conoreo-atio, sub universo coeli all. . . fcj & ' ambitu, salubriter recurrere valebit, nisi ad vestrso beatitudinis sublimitatem, cui cum tam Inculentis argumentorum indiciis divinitus est credita mundanae reparationis dispensatio, per quem, sicut ex supra- rr MS. EPISTOL.E. 429 memoratis manifeste convineitur, omnibus sfieculi na- tionibiis pr;orogatiii- forina vivendi, dirigitur censura judicaudi, saneitur ritus colendi ; propter quod mala reprobantur et bona promoventvir ; universa ordiuan- tur, et ob hoc nlterius violentiis oppress! restituuntur, exereitiis flitigati refoventur ? Illins nirairum orbi salvando vice priBsidetis, qui ait : " Venite ad me " omnes qui laboratis et onerati estis, et ego refi- " ciam vos. Tollite jugum meum super vos, et dis- " cite a me, quia mitis sum et humilis corde, et " invenietis requiem animabus vestris. Jugum enim " meum suave est, et onus meum leve." Et iterum : " Tu autem, Domine virtutum, cum tranquillitate ju- " dicas, et cum magna reverentia disponis quae circa " nos." Et rursus : "Misereris omnium, quia omnia " potes, et dissimulans diraittis peccata hominum propter " poenitentiam. Diligis enim omnia qua3 sunt, parcis " autera omnibus quoniam tua sunt, Domine, qui amas '* animas." Cap. VII. Verumptamen nullatenus ambigendum fore puta- Praises the bitur, quin inter universas habitationis Immana; par- j^n^iand ^ titiones, regni Anglise, quod excellentise Papali obli- gatior fidi foederis necessitudo constringit obnoxium, excellentissimum regem, et pium clerum, et fidelem populum propensiori pietate paternorum viscerum cle- mentius amplectamini, et supremum majestatis apicem semper inclinare curetis, ut eosdem praepotenter prote- gatis, defendatis efficaciter, sapienter erudiatis, corrigatis moderanter, suaviter foveatis, promoveatis diligenter, vigenter elevetis, stabiliatis permanenter. Nempe super omnes sanctissimse ditioni vestra) subjectos in illis in- dubitanter agnoscitur divini cultus sanctitudo, fortitude fidei Catholicae, sedis Apostolica? devotio, et prompti- tude salutaris obedienticc. Nee silentio prsetereuudum 430 ABJE DE MARISC'O reor, quod quorsumeunque tendatrir in totali orbe, aut ad orientem aut ad occidentem, aufc ad septentrionem aut ad meridiem, nullis temporibus reperire possibile est unde tantis opum affluentiis ecclesiasticie sublimitatis honori serviatur. Quis euim sufficeret mirari ditis- simas dotes cathedrarum, fertilissimas obventiones pa- rochiarnm, abundantissimas possessiones religiomuu, et praeter stupendas annuorum provectuum exuberantias copiosissimas spontanearum prsebitionum profusiones, et multiplicissimas impositarum contributionuin prsesta- tiones ? Ex quibus ecclesiasticorum ordinum auctoritas jugi juvatui" sufficientia, ut sumptuum honestati con- venientius provideat, et amicorum benevolentiam soci- alius conciliet, et inimicorum violentiam vigentius pro- pellat. Quis ergo non videat, domine reverendissime, quod etsi eis, quos nunc designavi, dignationis vestr^e benignitas plurimum sit necessaria eideui tamen corun- dum subjectionis suee humilitas non parum est oppor- tuna ? Quid est igitur, quod ipsis unquam vestrte seduli- tatis provisiva bonitas nqgare valuerit, ubi interpellanti- bus suffragari cognoscitur aut justse necessitatis coactio, aut vera3 rationis requisitio, aut pi^e utilitatis intentio ? Prorsus sicut fieri assolet, tam grata) filiationi gratiosa paternitas gloriosam gratiam rependere curabit, Ilium imitata, qui dicit : " Quicunque honorificaverit me, " glorificabo eum ; qui autem contemnunt me, erunt " ignobiles." Si quandoque subjectio filialis humanum passa paternali disciplinaB submurmuraverit, non tam veniam, quam commendationem meruit, quod celeriter ad cor reversa jussionibus paternis obtemperandi ju- giter gerit promptitudinem. In exemplum venit filius evangelicus, qui postea quoniam patri contradixit, pooniteutia motus patris imperium adimplevit. Si non vererer voces importunas benignis auribus ingerere, honorabilem coetum dominorum cardinalium precibus pulsai'e satagerem ; sed novi quod sufRciat piis pectori- bus tautorum sai)ientum occasionem prtestitisse. EPISTOLiE. 431 HIC FORM^ PETITIONUM COMMUNIUM ORDINATA DISTINCTIONE SUNT SUBIN- FERENDiE. Cap. VIII. Deniqiie quum Christianissimus rex Anglise, preo And the omnibus reeibus terriTe, saiicta3 paternitatis vestra^ ^t^^*'^, . . . . . Henry to filius devotissimus, Spiritu Sancto prrcventus, infor- the Cni- matus ecclesiasticis prsedicationibus, indulgentiis Apo- *^*^ ^" stolicis animatus, inflammatus coelicis seniulationibus, de vestr?e sublimitatis praesidio magnifice confisus, ad ulciscendam Salvatoris injuriam, ad regnum coelo- rum sublimandnm, ad exaltationein Catholicpo fidei, ad dilatationem Christiana) religionis, regalem Im- merum supponere vivificro cmcis vexillo irrevocabili pietatis proposito cogitavit, et secundum quod tanti, tarn Catholici principis decet magnificentiam, profusas opum copias exponere, armare robustos castrorum ex- ercitus, gravidas classium multitudines instruere, terra marique jus imperii Christiani distendere, subigere ecclesiastici principatus gubernationi credentes et in- eredulos, omnem quoque cordis magnanimi fiduciam in Ipsum projiciens, per quern reges regnant, per quem legum condi tores justa decernunt, per quem principes imperant et potentes decernunt justitiam, de quo ille fidelium populorum validissimus propugnator ait, " Non " est differentia in conspectu Dei liberare in mul- " tis vel in paucis, quia non in multitudine exercitus " victoria belli, sed de coelo fortitudo est," ad Terrani Sanctam a profanis pervasoribus liberandam trivimplia- lem animum magnanimiter accinxit. Et quid dicam ? Annon terram felicissimre possessionis, annon terram Divinis usibus gloriosissime dedicatam ? Numquid non ipsa est terra quam benignus pater imprecans benedicto filio ait : " Det tibi Deus de rore coeli " et de piuguetudine terra), abundantiam frumenti, " vini et olei, et serviant tibi populi, et adorent te 432 AD^ DE MARISCO '■' tribus"? Numquid non ipsa est terra quam paterna pietas promittens populo filiali,^ " Educam/' inqiiit, " te de terra ilia in terrain bonam et spatiosam, in " terram qure fluit lacte et melle " ? Numquid non ipsa est terra de qua divinus Moyses ad plebem Domini dicit, " Terra, ad quam ingredieris pr?esidendam, non " est sicut terra ^gypti, de qua existi, ubi jacto " semine in liortorum morem aquffi ducuntur irriguae; " sed montuosa est et eampestris, de coelo expectans " pluviam, quam Dominus Deus tuus super immisit, " et oculi Ejus in ea sunt a principio anni usque ad " finem ejus " ? Numquid non ipsa est terra de qua legis lator ad gentem legitimam dicit : " Dominus " Deus tuus introducet te in terram bonam, terram " rivorum, aquarumque et fontium, in cujus campis " et montibus erumpunt fluviorum abyssi ; terram fru- " menti, liordei et vinearum, in qua ficus, et mala " granata, et oliveta nascuntur ; terram olei ac mellis, " ubi absque penuria comedes pan em tuum, et rerum " omnium abundantia perfrueris : cujus lapides ferrum " sunt, et de montibus ejus seris metalla fodiuntur ; " ut cum comederis et satiatus fueris, benedicas " Domino Deo pro terra optima, quam dedit tibi." Numquid non ipsa est terra quam veridici explora- tores sic describunt ? " Terra, quam circuivimus, valde " bona est. Si propitius fuerit Dominus, inducet nos " in eam, et tradet humum manantem lacte et melle. " Nolite rebelles esse contra Dominum, neque timeatis " populum terrse liujus, quia sicuc panem, ita possumus " eos dovorare. Recessit ab illis omne prsesidium ; " Dominus vobiscum est, nolite metuere." Num- quid non ipsa est terra, qute Dei cultoribus subjecta conceditur conditione : " Transibitis Jordanem et " liabitabitis in terra quam Dominus Deus vester da- " turns est vobis, ut requiescatis a cunctis liostibus ' filiari, jMS. eptstol.t:. 433 " per circuitum, et absque iillo terrore habitetis in " loco, quern elegerit Dominus Deus vester, ut sit " nomen ejus in eo." Et iterum : " Ponite corda " vestra in omnia verba mea, qua) testificor vobis *' liodie, ut mandetis ea filiis vestris custodire, et " facere, et implere universa qua? scripta sunt in " libro legis hujus ; quia non incassum prsecepta sunt " vobis, sed ut singuli in eis viverent, quie facientes " longo perseveretis tempore in terra, ad quam, Jor- " dano transmisso, ingredimini possidendam." Num putabimus quod Dominus pr?eterfluentes mundi abundantias in electorum reputet retributionem ? Nempe Ipse est de quo dictum est : '' Quasi momentum staterse, " sic ante Eum est orbis terrarum, et tanquam gutta " roris antelucani quie descendit in terram." Propter quod ad contemptum mundialium et coelestium amorem fideles invitans, ait : " Operamini non cibuni qui perit, " sed eum qui permanet in vitam ?eternam, quern " Filius Hominis dabit vobis." A^erumptamen ?eterna Dei sapientia tam exquisite rerum transeuntium emi- nentiis mauifestis insistit, ut per illas ad rerum per- manentium mystica charismata patefaciat, non ut illis citra ^ istas haereatur infirmiter, sed ad istas per illas curratvu* alacriter. Htec igitur terra, cujus nunc me- mini, quanta sit Catliolicis universis semulatione pro- sequenda, non segniter per subsequentia declaratur. Hfec est enim quam patriarcharum honoravit excellen- tia, quam illustravit sapientia prophetarum, quae Dei Genitricem, Virginem virginum, produxit, quae Dei Fi- lium, Sanctum sanctorum, progeneravit. Hsec est quae apostolorum sublimitatem protulit. Hsec est quse evan- gelistarum auctoritatem exliibuit. Hvec est a qua ab initio splenduerunt documenta coelestia, pafcuerunt ex- empla salutaria, emanaverunt divinissima sacramenta : Sic. £ E 434 A.DJE DE MARLSCO et ut sit ad unura dicere, hsec est per quam Christus, Dei virtus, Dei sapientia, Dei sanctificatio puritatem, claritatem, sanctitatem ab origine mundi universitati mimdanse prserogavit. Hsec idcirco est per quam ruinam humanam reparavit, mundum terrenum reformavit, or- bem sethereum melioravit, angelica damna restauravit, gloriam coelestem sublimavit, et universum Dei regnum consummavit. Quis igitur, qui toto corde, tota anima, tota virtute, hoc est tota affectionis femulatione, tota rationis industria, tota vigoris vivacitate anhelantibus ad terrse hujus ereptionem non assistit, nisi quem aut formidolosus horror ignaviee, aut perniciosus error di- sipientiae, aut ignominiosus torpor lasciviae pervaserit ? Qualiter unquam sustinere poterit fervor fidehum, quod terrani, a qua salutaris fidei cultus sumpsit ini- tium, tam diu subjaceat profanata superstitionibus per- il dorum ? Quamobrem, O sacerdotum electissime, ob- secramus per honorem Altissimi, deprecamur per salutem mundi, supplicamus per gloriam coeli, ut tarn salvificse devotionis negotiis, piissimss sanctitati vestiae qualitercunque patefactis, benevoli favoris auditum in- clinare non ducatis indignum, regi Anglorum illus- tri, supernis tam flagranter accenso desideriis, et vestrce post Deum potissime innixo clementise, pium patro- cinium, justum adjutorium, gratiosum subsidium sedula sollicitudine curantes impendere. Cap. IX. Arguments Suspicari hequis poterit, quod sit suspendendum ver- vour, " ^^^ ^^ ferrum exercendum, quia sudores bellici laboris ad humani generis iiberationem tanta videntur ur- gentia subeundi. Absit a cordibus ecclesiasticorum virorum tam nefaria deceptio ! Numquid prsedicatio silebit quousque durat prsevaricatio ? Quid respondi- bimus ? Immo quid sapientum cousideratio respondet sibi percunctanti sic ? " Numquid visum est patribus EPISTOLiE. 435 " ponere evangelic metam, verbum suspendere fidei, " donee infidelitas perseverat?" Audiamus liic queni- dam sapientum in hac causa loquentem hoc modo. " Qua ratione putamus subsistit currens velociter " sermo? Quis primo inhibuit hunc salutarem cursum? " Et aliquibus forte fuit causa, quam nescimus, silendi, " aut necessitas potuit obstitisse quominus loquerentur. '•■ Nobis quae dissimulandi est ratio ? Qua fiducia, qua " conscientia Christum non ofFerimus ' eis, qui non " habent? An veritatem Dei in injustitia detinemus?" Et quidem, quanquam- proveniat plenitude gentium, necesse est. Expectamus in eas incidat fides ? Quo credere casu contigit? Quomodo credent sine pra^dicante? Petrus ad Cornelium, Philippus ad Eunuchum raissi sunt. Et si exemplum recentius quserimus, Augus- tinus a beato Gregorio destinatus formam fidei tradidit Angiis. Reformabiturne ruina fidei nisi per formam apostohcam, per quam est formata? Sed gentium fero- citatem obtendimus ? Si mortes prsedicatorum expa- vescimus, ecce bened ictus Salvator, ecce occurrit Filius Dei confortans praedicatores verbi contra omnes formi- dabilium eventuum terrores : " Ecce ego," inquiens, " mitto vos sicut agnos in medio luporum. Estote " ergo prudentes sicut serpentes, et simplices sicut " columbse. Cavete autem ab hominibus ; tradent enim " vos in conciliis, et in synagogis suis flagellabunt " vos, et ad reges et ad prsesides ducemini propter me, " in testimonium illis et gentibus. Cum autem tradent " vos, nolite cogitare quomodo aut quid loquamini : " dabitur enim vobis in ilia hora quid loquamini. " Non enim vos estis qui loquimini, sed Spiritus Patris " vestri qui loquitur in vobis. Tradet autem frater " fratrem in mortem, et pater filium, et insurgent filii " in parentes et morte eos afficient ; et eritis odio Sic. I - qncj;^ E E 2 436 AD.E DE MARISCO " omnibus propter nomen meum. Qui autem perse- " veraverint usque in finem, hie salvus erit." Pro- ponens apostolus annunciatores fidei, elicit : " Sancti, " ludibria et verbera experti, insuper et vincula et " carceres, lapidati sunt, sect sunt, temptati sunt, " in occisione gladii rnortui sunt : circumierunt in " melotis, in pellibus caprinis, egentes, angustiati, " afflicti, quibus dignus non erat mundus ; in solitu- " dinibus errantes, in montibus et in speluncis, et in " cavernis terrse. Et hi omnes testimonio fidei pro- " bati inventi sunt in Christo Jesu Domino nostro." Prrecones regni Dominus instituens, " Si quis," inquit, " vult post me venire, abneget semetipsum, et tollat " crucem suam et sequatur me. Qui enim voluerit " .animam suam salvam facere, perdet earn : qui autem " perdiderit animam suam propter me, inveniet earn." In quo radicavit, crevit, fructificavit ecclesia, nisi in cruce Domini, nisi in cruoribus apostolorum, nisi in vulneribus martyrum ? Certe pretiosa est in conspectu Domini mors sanctorum ejus. Cap. X. The two Sic ergo asseremus gladium spiritualem exercendum ^°^ ^' viro ecclesiastico, ut nullatenus ad eum pertinere fa- teamur materialem ? Nequaquam ; utriusque siquidem iisus per ipsum est agendus, sed differenter. Quod ut pateat, attendamus verba sapientis prsefati ad principem ecclesiarum directa : "Hoc modo evangelizare pascere " est : opus fac evangelistse, et pastoris opus implesti." " Dracones," inquis, " me mones pascere et scorpiones, " non oves. Propter hoc, inquam, magis aggredere " eos, non ferro, sed verbo. Quid tu denno usurpare " gladium temptes, quern semel jussus es reponere in " vaginam. Tuns ergo et ipse, tuo forsitan nutu " etsi non tua manu evaginandus. Alioquin si nullo " modo ad te pertineret et Is, dicentibus apostolis. EPISTOL^. 437 " 'Ecce gladii duo hie/ non respondisset Doininus, " ' Satis est/ sed nimis est ; uterque ergo ecclesitB et " spiritualis scilicet gladius et materialis. Sed is qui- " dem pro ecclesia, ille vero et ab ecclesia exserendus : " ille sacerdotis, is militis manu, sed sane ad nutum " sacerdotis et jussu imperatoris." ^ Est igitur \iter- que ecclesise, sed verbalis ad usum, ferreus ad nutum. Quod si ecclesiasticse prselationis innocentia gladii materialis sibi vindicet exercitium, obsistit proplietia, quse dicit : " Vse, qui descenditis in vEgyptum ad aux- " ilium, in equis sperantes, et habentes fiduciam supra " quadrigis quia multse sunt, et super equitibus quia " preevalidi sunt nimis, et non sunt confisi super " Sanctum Israel, et Dominum non exquisierunt." Consideremus Helyseum imbecillem, solum et inermem, curruum et equitum coelestium adjutorio vallatum, robustum armatorum exercitum captivasse. Conside- remus quod cum levaret Moyses manus, vincebat Is- rael; si autem pauUulum remisisset, superabat Amaleeli. Nunquam, oro, veniat in oblivionem successoribus apostolorum, " Si Deus pro nobis, quis contra nos ? " qui discipulis ait, " Ecce ego vobiscum sum usque in '' consummationem saeculi /' cujus nomen benedictum in ssecula ! - » lb. iv. 3. * Here follows a blank of eigh- teen lines, and an entire blank re- verse. The epistle which follows, addressed to the Abp. of York, is found also in a MS. in the Bod- leian, Digby 104. Its readings are marked B. The Cotton MS. con- tains some tinvial comments intrc- (liiced into the body of the letter, of which the following specimen will suffice. — " Prima particula epistolaris salutatio. Secunlu par- ticula, de prcelati citi scribit, etfratris qui scribit, et per conseguens, aliorum spirituali comitantia, et prmsentia corporali disponendis divinitus ad profectum salutis." 438 ADJE DE MARISCO OXLVII. Pars Prima. Cap. I. Epistolaris Salutatio. Reverendissimo in Christo patri et domino S.,^ Dei gratia Ehoraci archiepiscopo, Frater Ada dictus de Marisco devotissima suhjedi famulatus obse- quia, cum felici gloria et honore perenni. Cap. II. De proelati cui scribit et fratris qui scribit, et per consequens animorum spirituali comitantia et prcesentia corporali disponendis divinitus adj profectum salutis. Christ tlie Qui sublimitatem divinam humanae humilitati nexu true friend- copulavit indissolubili, et faciens concordiam in sub- ship, limibus suis in nostris humilibus, gratiam perficiens, sublimes humilibus coadunavit, et tam illos quam istos eripiens de potestate tenebrarum transtulit in regnum Filii dilectionis suae, Ipse vestrse sublimi- tatis ad humilitatem meam, oro, necessitudinem con- ciliet inviolabilem, quam priore parte sui - vestrse diser- titudinis epistola ex tam sublimi consideratione, ex^ condescensione tam humili, tam sublimiter concepta, tam amabiliter prseferebat : sic, inquam, conciliet, ut licet interdum pro absentia corporali homo doleat exterior, eo ipso jugiter amplius de presentia spirituali ' St. Sewalus, Archbishop of York, 1255 to 1258 ; an uncom- promising opponent to the tyranny and malversations of the Komish Court. Matthew Paris gives him a high character, in an. 1258. In the Bodleian MS. this letter is dated in a later hand, A.D. 1253. - parte sui suavissima, B. =* in, B. EPiSTOL.E. i;39 homo gaudeat interior, in Eo, qui exauditus pro sua reverentia, semel, iterum, et tertio id ipsum orans, pri- mitus ait [Jo. xvii.] : " Pater sancte, serva eos in no- " mine tuo, quos dedisti mihi, ut sint unum sicut " et nos." Et rursum [Jo. xvii.] : " Non pro eis rogo " tantum, sed et pro eis qui credituri sunt per ver- " bum eorum, in me ; ut omnes unum sint, sicut et " tu, Pater, in me, et ego in te, et ipsi in nobis " unum sint." Et adhuc : " Ego ^ elaritatem quam " dedisti mihi, dedi eis, ut sint unum sicut et " nos unum sumus. Ego in eis et Tu in me, ut sint " consummati in unum ;" ut videlicet ipsi sint unum secundum imanimem voluntatis ordinat^e concordiam, sicut et nos unum sumus secundum eandem simpli- citatis superunicas substantiam invicem, et in nobis consummati in unum. Ubi etiam ita conjunctius uni- endos, ut spiritu proficerent, deseruit corpore, pro qui- bus exoravit, scilicet ne corporalibus hsererent infir- miter, sed ex eis in spiritualia currerent alacriter. Qui propterea profectus nee locorum distantiis nee inter- vallis temporum aliquatenus impeditur, sed ^ re vera nonnunquam adaugetur, secundum illud ^ [Jo. xvi.] : " Ego veritatem dico vobis ; expedit vobis ut ego " vadam. Si enim non abiero, Paraclitus non veniet " ad vos. Si autem abiero, niittam eum ad vos." Confido tamen, Divinitate propitia, quod ad accidenta- lem occasionem, licet non causam substantialem pro- ficiendi eminentius in Deum, animse mese desiderium, quo spiritualiter inter prsesentia ferveo, tam de per- sonaK visione quam de locutione vocali sanctitatis vestrse opportunitate frequentiori replebitur in Domino. Ita quidem quod, sicuti prsetactum est, nequaquam in transemitibus remaneatur^ infirmiter, sed ex illis in permanentia transeatur alacriter. ' Om. B. I ^ revcra illud, om. B. * sed idem, B. | * permaneatur, B. 440 AD^ DE MARISCO Cap. III. De comrnuni gaudio Jidelium ex sublimatione do- mini S. archiepiscoj)i de Ehoraco in dignitatem arcliiepiscopalem, cum causis geiieraliter ejusdem tam solemnis gaudii. The popu- quam solemni gaiidio, sit Altissimo Salvatori see- the Arch- ciilis omnibus supevexaltata benedictio ! longe lateque bishop's passim audiinitur glorifica i^rasconia dispensatioiiis Do- appoint- ^ ....... ment. minicie, qure per provisivam miserationis immensae cle- inentiam ad regitivum Eboracaj metropolitan ?e fastigium, maxime novissimorum dierum tem})oribus periculosis- simis, sublimavit archiprsesulem, tam desiderabiliter ^ expectatum, tam salubriter obtentum, cujus indies usque- quaquam per efFectuum evidentias universis clarescit illustrius et virtus invincil^ilis, et sensus infallibilis, et zelus intemerabilis, et actus infatigabilis, et regno coelo- rum, hoc est, regimini ecclesiarum et viribus defendendo, et leffibus emendando, et moribus adornando, et cul- tibus ampliando, contra s£evientium violentias, contra seducentium fraudulentias, contra assentantium blandi- tias, contra perurgentium obstinatias. Cap. IV. Be magnalibus sanctijicationwin, qum sperantur exhi- benda fore jugiter ad principein, ad, clerum,^ ad populumj, per m^emoratum archiprcesulem, cum faTYiiliaribus idoneis in sayictcom cooperationem ah ipso providenter eligendis. The need Quem certe contidimus indeficienter exhibiturum ad coadjutors, principem inviolatse fidei provisivum adjutorium, ad episcopos patrocinium magnificentise, ad clericos doc- trinam intelligentise, ad religiosos disciplinam sancti- ' desidera liter, B. | - clcricum, B. EPISTOL/E. 441 monise, ad proceres prjesidiuni directionis, ad milites modestiam coercionis, ad pleLes cleiiientiam subven- tionis. In (jiiibus evidentissime liquet, quod necesse est ad fajuiliare subsidium evocari auxiliarios effi- caces, consiliarios erudites, niiuisteriales accuratos, cor- rectores exercitatos, et idcirco excellentes potestate, ful- gentes veritate, ferventes sanctitate, constantes stabili- tate. Nempe necessario coram arcliipra3sule, istis salutari cooperatione assistentibus, principes, episcopi, clerici, religiosi, proceres, milites, plebes totius provincial assidue stare habent judicandi, omnes etiam per archiepiscopi manuductionem et istorum diligentiam deducendi sunt per rectitudinem vipe, in lumine veritatis, ad patriam vitee. Omnibus insuper per arcbipontificis illustratio- nem et horum provisionem ratio salutaris reddenda est, cuicunque poscenti de certitudine fidei, de dignitate morum, de pietate sacramentorum. Ex quibus etiam liquet quam prsepollenter insigniri oportet virtutum istarum apicibus eum, qui vice metropolitani, in sede metropolitana, officium metropolitani super omnes assumptus in omnibus liabet adimplere. Cap. V. Quam sit necessariwni ut ad impUndarti regiminis sui magnijicentiam Tnetropolitaniis genere viveyidi composito ex suhlimi contemplatione et salubri actione illustvetur longe ceteris ennineiitius. Cum igitur tam evidenter h?ec sint, quse tenetur The form quisque metropolitanus in propria prsesertira exhibere °^ ^^f^ , provincia, quis non videat, nisi quem Deus liujus of him. saeeuii penitus excascavit, quod ad implendum digni- tatis suae ministerium necessarium sit, ut habeat excel- lentius omnibus genus vivendi compositum ex actuoso et otioso ? Cum quidem sint, sicut vestra melius 442 AD^ DE MARISCO novit excellentia,^ tria genera vivendi, secundum quod ex Scripturis eleganter ostendit sanctus Augustinus : viz., genus vivendi actuosum, genus vivendi otiosum, et genus vivendi compositum ex utroque. Actuosum dicitur vita activa ; otiosum, vita contemplativa ; com- positum ex utraque temperatur ex duabus adunatis, sc. vita activa et vita contemplativa, quae proprie pertinet ad eos, qui divinitus assecuti sunt supe- riorem locum regiminis in ecclesia Dei. Quia enim necesse est ut, prpecipiente Domino, faciat omnia secundum exemplar quod sibi monstratur in monte, oportet ut cum Moyse nunc ascendat in montem, nunc descendat ad plebem, ut cum Angelis in scala Jacob vices ascendendi ad coelum et descendendi ad terram frequentet ; quatenus vicissim se conferat modo ad otium amplexand?e divinitatis, modo ad negotium impendendse humanitatis ; illuc superascendens per juge desiderium, illuc ^ aliquando descendens per salutare ministerium. Exercetur autem genus vivendi actuosum in eloquiis veritatis, in exemplis honestatis, in sacra- mentis pietatis. Periicitur vero genus vivendi otiosum in purissimis orationibus, in clarissimis meditationibus, in sanctissimis contemplationibus. Etenim in illis tribus humanitati subvenitur, in istis tribus divinitati coliperetur. Quidni Reconciliator Dei et hominum, Pastor sc. animarum, et potissime Primas prsesulum et Rector pastorum, per hos quasi sex gradus throni Salomonis ab infimis^ velut senaria perfectione indesi- nenter sublimetur ad summa, et ut res expostulat a summis nonnunquam deponatur ad infima ; et charis- mata potentife, sapientise, clementife, permanentise, quae perficit^ a summis potenter, sapienter, clem enter, per- manenter communicet cum infimis. ' In B. 7wvit excellenlia melius ; corrected to excellentia novit, melius. - istuc, B. ^ ab infimis, cm. B. * percipit, B. EPISTOLiE. 443 Cap. VI. Quod archipontifex, cum familiaribus suis, quantce- cunque sint illce et istce * ijrcecellentice, nullatenus sujfficit ad 'ministerii sui compleinejitum, nisi per provinciam suam mgilantiori sollicitudine studeat ecclesiis ubique ptastores prcejicere suffi- cientes. Numquid ad tantam negotiorum coelestium maies- ^^'■<^ i° ^^^ ... ... . selection tatem archipontificis, cum familiari domesticorum suo- of his rum contubernio, sola sufficit quantacunque coelica ^^^^SJ- licet operatic, si non etiam adjungat ^ in id ipsum, et ecclesiasticis provincipe suae ministeriis exquisita con- siderationis supernse providentia distribuat procerum spiritualium sacerdotalem societatem, et procurandse vitalium virtutum civilitati, et perturbandse vitiorum lethalium hostilitati, contemptis animo coelesti quantis- cunque personee, dignitatis, famse, facidtatis quantum- libet terrificis discriminibus ? Cap. VII. Be prcerogativa conditionum salutarium, qiice de ne- cessitate requirituT in eis, qui assuniendi sunt ad regimen aniTnarum. Itaque, sicut ex divinitatis eloquio prselatorum auri- In ln's ap- bus simplicitas mea, tarn lingua quam calamo, velut assiduitate importuniori assolet inculcare, quoniam in memorato sempiternse salutis officio ad consummationem regni perennis per ministerium pastorale praefici necesse ' isti, B. I - sibi adjungat, B. 444 AD^ DE MAIUSCO est curse pastionis viros excellentis glorife, ipsos defi- niens ait divina sapientia [Deut. i.] : " Date e vobis " viros sapientes et gnaros, quorum eonversatio sit pro- " bata in tribubus suis, ut ponam eos vobis ^ principes." " Viros " dixit, virium vigore validos, quos nullatenus aut prosperitas eraolliat, aut frangat adversitas ; " sapi- " entes," per quos sapienter doceatur et Veritas fidei et morum honestas ; " gnaros," per quos prudenter dispen- sentur et coeli charismata et compendia sseculi ; " quo- " rum conversatio sit probata in tribubus vestris," ^ quorum, inquam, conversatio et honestioris prudentise, et discretioris industrise, et directions innocentise, et stabilioris constanti», secundum humilem reverentiam ad superiores, secundum mitem amicitiam ad compares, secundum sedulam miserationem ad inferiores, " sit " probata ;" hoc est fideli probatioris experientise tes- timonio sit evidentius commendata ; " in tribubus " vestris," ^ scilicet in legitimis graduum ecclesiasticorum distributionibus, quee sunt spirituales virorum eccle- siasticoi-um cognationes, ipsos velut per tribus distin- guentes. Illi quoque dumtaxat ad sanctum sakitis operand a3 principatum ex munere ^ Salvatoris salvandis animabus sahibriter exhibentur, reliquis omnibus a Dei sanctuario terribiliter exterminatis, qui memoratis sanctionis divina? titulis coelitus ilkistrantur, propter quod subjungit, " et ponam vobis eos ^ principes." Cap. VIII. De sex salutarihus ohservantiis i:)er omnem, moduini necessariis ad scdutis operationem per pastores aniTnarum. uisite^for Qualiter autem ad beatitudinis perfectionem exe- a pastor quantur pastores animarum salvificse pastionis officium ' et dabo eos vobis, B, I ^ data, B. - suis, B. et infra. I * dabo eos vohis, B. EPISTOLiE. 445 auctoritas edocet Evangelii, inevitabili districtione pra?- cipiens ut is tantummodo paseendis ovibus dominicis pr?esideat, qui indeficienti pi?e sollicitudinis stremiitate, divino per omnia fretus patrocinio, satagit, primitiis, ut pastor paseendis ovibus ovile dominicum non intret nisi per ostium ; secundo, vit proprias vocet oves nominatim ; tertio, ut emittat eas ad pascua ; quarto, ut ante eas vadat ; quinto, ut vocem ejus audiri ab eis efficiat ; sexto, ut animani suam pro illis ponat. 1. Quid est au- tem intrare per ostium nisi per Christum introire, ipso dicente, •' Ego sum ostium \" quod est in introitu Christo conformari in miti humilitate, in tenui paupertate, in salutari acerbitate ? 2. Quid vero est proprias oves vocare nominatim, nisi singulos subditorum per motus suarum aflectionum, per studia suarum occupationunij per discre- pantias suarum fortunarum, cum benigno subventionis desiderio distinctius designare ? 3. Quid etiam est eas emittere ad pascua, nisi de excessibus culptB, de errori- bus ignorantise, de defectibus impotentioe, ipsas per pijie sollicitudinis adjutorium vitalibus reficiendas alimentis educere? 4. Quid est insuper ante eas ire, nisi a pos- terioribvis ad anteriora prsecedentem, sobrie, et juste, et pie vivendo, sobrie per pudiciorem munditiam, juste per innocentiorem benevolentiam, pie per de- votiorem sanctimoniam, ipsis se imitandum exliibere ? 5. Quid est autem ^ ut vocem ejus audiant efficere, nisi ad hoc idem et Dei patrocinium, et Angelorum pras- sidium, et Sanctorum suffragium, per indefessam ora- tionis piissimffi jugitatem ipsis obtinere ? 6. Quid est denique animam suam pro illis ponere, nisi per carnis mortificationem, per spiritus contribulationem, per libidinum abdicationem pra3sentis vita? jucunditatem ipsis vivificandis in se penitus interimere, sicque seipsum pro eis hostiam vivam, sanctam, Deo placen- tem,^ perseveranter immolare? Quippe quod insuper ' aJltuc, B. I - Deo pldcenlem, om. B. 446 AD^ DE MARISCO incumbit pio rectori salvandis subditis, et vitam tem- poralem incunctanter ^ exponere, liquet ex Salvatovis sententia, qua dicitur : "Bonus pastor aniraam suam " dat pro ovibus suis." Quo accedit^ evideiiter sermo^ Scti. Johannis Chrysostomi alloquentis latronem bea- tum dicentem, " Memento mei, Domine, cum veneris " in regnum tuum," et introducentis responsionem ejus- dem hoc modo : " Die mihi, regnum cornmemorans, " quid regni vides? Clavis et crux est quod inspicis. " ' Sed et ipsa crux/ inquit, ' regnum est, et ideo eum " ' regem nomino quia crucifixum inspicio. Imperato- " ' rum est pro omnibus mori, et regis optimi pro com- " ' muni utilitate nunquam recusare supplicium. Ipse " ' dixit, quia pastor bonus animam suam ponit pro " ' ovibus suis, et ideo imperator bonus animam suam " ' pro eis quos regit ofFerre festinat. Quoniam igitur " ' animam suam pro nobis posuit, ideo eum impera- " ' torem voco/ " ^ Cap. IX. Quod pel' venerandos prwsules agenduTn sit apud Salvatorem rogatu scdutari salvificw orcdionis, ut exhibeat mittendos salutis operarios in messem hcereditatis sum, scilicet pastores in plebem eccle- sice Slice. Rarity of Cum autem apud venerandos preesules in supplicibus fit spiritual . , .,. , , • -i i • labourers, suasionum liumilium obsecration! bus, supra memoratis salutarium dispensationum negotiis, aliquotiens agitur secundum urgentia causarum occurrentium requisita, nonnulli ssepius respondere consuescunt, quomodo tales inveniri valebunt salvificis regiminibus prseficiendi, quales ad hoc evocari divina decernmit eloquia ; quasi ' Oni. B. I ^ Chrysost. in Luc. xxxiii. - accidit, B. I ■• om., Cott. EPTSTOL/E. 447 aljbreviata sit inanus Domini ut salvare nequeat. Aucliat, rogo, dispensatoruin ecclesiasticorum fidelis obedientia, quid in hoc dicat Altissimus Dominator omnium, et animarum Amator piissimus, apostolico culmini et ordini ecclesiastic© [Mat. IX.] : " Messis " qiiidem multa, operarii autem pauci. Rogate ergo ■ Dominum messis, ut mittat operarios in messem " suam ;" revera per operarios rectores, per messem regendos in lia3reditate Domini signans. Numquid in- comparabilis misericordia, Veritas incommutabilis, quod commendat rogandum, rogata denegabit ? Numquid si jubet ut petatur, cum petitur non exaudiet ? Absit ! Absit procul ^ ab animabus ortliodoxis haec dementissima perversitatis insanse - perfidia ! Nempe verissime constat quod quicquid prascipit postulari postulanti pr^stabit, si fidelis Deus seipsum negare non potest, potissime cum id sincero fervore flagitatur, pro quo dilectus Dei Filius placandse Patris majestati per altitudinem divini consilii in ara crucis immolatur. Quid autem hoc est, nisi per ministros Dei, in populo Dei, operandse salutis salutaris adimpletio ? " Unde vocabis," inquit, " nomen " ejus Jesum. Ipse enim salvum faciet populum " suum a peccatis eorum." Quamobrem ait : " Si " quid petieritis Patrem in nomine meo, dabit vobis." Quis autem est, qui petit Patrem in Filii nomine, quod est Jesus interpretatum salutaris, nisi qui ex salutari conceptu, per salutarem afiectum, in salutari obtentu, salvandis populis per salutaria ministeria, cum salutari Salvatoris reverentia, clementiam Patris salutarem in- terpellat ? ' procul, oni. B. | ^ insania, B. 448 AD.E DE MARISCO Cap. X. Quod nunc dicta rogatio 'pro mitt end is a Salvatore salutis operariis fieri debeat sine omni hcesitatione detestabilis diffi^d-entice, ubique et prcesertiin in prcesenti rogatu condemyiatissimcv. To be Permonetur autera ab Ejus apostolo Jacobo, ut ^ qui found only pg^j^ iwstulet in fide, nihil lia?sitans, alioquin non b)' prayer ^.^ ,, ,, ',i to the testimans quod accipiat aliquid a Domino. Quis Labourer ®^^^^^ locvis poterit esse apud eum, qui rogat, diffi- dentige, cum apud summum Salvatorem, qui rogatur, et ut rogetur tam efficaciter invitantem, nusquam locus esse poterit aut impotentite quce nequeat, aut insipientire qua? nesciat, aut invidentife quse nolit, gratiam salutis salviiicpe prserogare ? Quidni veniat ira in filios diffidently, propter quam a Salvatore pigritantur rogare quod rogare pmecipiuntur per Salvatorem, vide- licet i^ev ministros Salvatoris perfectam adimplendoe salutis operationem, ex Dei miseratione, in populo Dei ? Nunquam enim est hpec damnatissimi erroris diffiden- tia, nisi cum quis per execratissimam lilasphemise per- vicacis injuriam apud Filium Dei mundi Salvatorem mendacissima delirationis amentia, confingit pro pro- fectu ^ potential defectum impotentiiB, pro perfectu sapientise defectum insipientiae, pro perfectu benevolen- tire defectum invidentise, propter quod manifestissime nihil adeo contra deprecantis orationem indignationeni Salvatoris provocare comprobatur. ' rermunetiir a.ah I])sius (iposloJu, I ■ jier/ccto, C. vt, B. EPISTOL/E. 449 Cap. XI. De quatuor 'prlmavUs conditionibus orationis exau- diendce cum Deus oratur ah homine, qucr. sunt 7)iortiJicatio amara, trihidatio^ angusta, maiisue- tudo suavissima, Itumil'das lucklimima. Venim attendainus qufe sunt ea, qure ab liomine '^}^^ rcqui- oraturo orandus Deus exquirat. >Scripturani audiamus faitlifui frequentius adjungentem orationi,- jejunium et eleemo- P^ayfei'- syiiam. Unde est illud Tobise xii. : " Bona est oratio " cum jejunio et eleemosyna, magis quam thesauros " auri condere ;" insinuans per jejunium austeram carnis castigationem, per eleemosynam anxiam spiritus compunetionem. Et alibi Judith ait : " Humilium " et mansuetorum semper tibi placuit deprecatio. " Deus coelorum, Creator aquarum, et Domin.us totius " creatur?e, exaudi me miseram deprecantem, et de " tua misericordia praesumentem." " Mansuetorum," inquam, secundum placidam lenitatem mansuetudinis ; " humilium" quoque, secundum pavidam gravitatem Immilitatis, ut veraciter ostenditur orationem non exaudiri, nisi quje transigitur in austeriori severi- tate mortificationis secundum carnem, et in exactiori anxietate compunctionis secundum spiritum, et in de- votissima gravitate humilitatis in Deum, et in benig- nissiraa lenitate mansuetudinis in proximum ; exclusa per mortificationem carnis omni concupiscentia defce- dantis illecebrce, per contritionem spiritus omni vitio depravantis nequiti», per suavitatem mansuetudinis omni affectione humanre voluptatis, per devotionem humilitatis omni ambitione mundana? vanitatis. ' angustia amara, mortificationis contribulatio, B. - orationem, B. F F 450 AD.E DE HARIRCO Cap. XII. Qualiter quatuor charismata, scilicet castigatio, ct com- 'punctio, et mansuetudo et Itumilitas, ex quihus sacra coiificitur orcdio, clesignantiir per quatuor aromata, scilicet stacten,^ onicham, galhanum, et thus, ex quihus sacrum conficitur thymiama, sicut et in sacra oratione signata in sancto thy- miamate. How alle- Operte pretium esse videtur hie advertere utrum gorizcd in -r^^^-^ dicta sio;uarentur per sermonem Domini ad lesis Scripture. . . , latorem, iibi ait [Exod. xxx.] : " Sume tibi aromata, " stacten, et onicham, et galbanum boni odoris, et " thus lucidissimum ; nequalis ponderis ermit omnia ; " faeiesqiie thymiama compositiim opere unguentarii " mixtum diligenter et purum, sanctilicatione dignis- " simum. Cumque in teniiissimum pulverem universa " contuderis, pones ex eo in tabernaculo testimonii, in '' quo loco ~ apparebo tibi. Sanctum sanctorum erit " vobis thymiama. Talein compositionem non facietis " in usus vestros, quia sanctum est Domino.'' (1) Est igitur stacten i.e. mirrha purioris natur?e custodiens cojitra corruptelas, etiam mortuorum corpora condita per ipsam conservans ; (2) onicha, i.e. unguilla ^ coclea ostrei subtiiioris facturre est, caligines illuminans ; (3) gal- banum, succus ferulte, letiferas veneni pernicies exter- minans ; (4) thus, gummi perspicui candoris excellenter virtutem vitalem confortans. Potest ergo, sicut liquet studiosius consideranti spirituali examinatione singulas prresentium aromatum ■* proprietates, signari per stac- ten austera maceratio castigationis secundum carnem ; per onicham, anxia contritio coinpunctionis secundum stecten, Cott. I ' ungula, Cott. loco, oni., Cott, , I ' om., Cott. EPISTOL/E. 451 spiritum ; per galbuinim, l)enio'na .suavitas mansiiotudinis in proximmn ; per tluis, votiva luciditas luunilitatis in Deum ; licet ista quatiior altioiis mysterii emlnentiori notitia valeant iiitelligi. Qiuc quatuor omnia, juxta nunc dictum modum exquisite considcrata,' sunt qua- tuor " aromata/' videlicet salutaria coelestium appeti- tuum spiramina ; " et erunt a}qualis ponderis," librata scilicet a^qualiter pondere sanctuarii, quod est defini- tiva sanctimoniaj aftectualis inclinatio. Ex quibus aro- matibus fieri oportet " tliymiama, " quod est sanctum salutaris oratioi^is incensum, " compositum opereunguen- " tarii," scilicet Christi Domini summi Salvatoris, qui " ait : Sine me nihil potestis facere ;" qui quidem eo ipso verissime dicitur unguentarius, quod per Ipsius dum- taxat operationem, ex supernis salutarium cliarismatum sanctimoniis, salvificum sauctte conversationis conficitur unguentum, quo intellectualis creatura suo consecratur Auctori, a defectuum valetudine sanata divinifcus ; prop- ter quod ad Ipsum ait (Cant, i.) . " Trahe me post te ; " curremus in odorem unguentorum tuorum/' Mixtum est diligenter hoc thymiama cum pr^sentium quatuor spiritualium superum afFectus velut incorporantur om- nium in singulis per studiosam diligentia3 sagacis seduli- tatem ; " purum " autem erit, cum a terrenre delectationis fseculentia apud ipsum coelica sinceritas fiierit expiata. Et ita, quia ab infimis ad summa sublimatum, " sancti- i" ficatione dignissimum/' necesse est universa in " te- i" nuissimum pulverem " contundi, id est in subtilissimas examinis considerationes discuti, ut efficaciter in salu- brem misceantur redolentiam per exquisitum sollertis iindustrire scrutinium, ut fiat thymiama salutifera3 ora- tionis adolendfe coram Domino. Et "ex eo thymiamate " ponendum est in taliernaculo testimonii," quia, quod ex orationis sanctre salutari pietate conficitur, in in- inmodcrata, Cott. F F 2 432 AD/E BE MARISf'O timo dilectionis ccelica? domicilio, quod est tabeinaculuin testimonii, conservandum oportet collocari, ubi testi- monium perliibens in divinae adoptionis htereditariam filiationem, et ideo est non tantum tabernaeulum, sed tabernaculum testimonii. Deus ipse nobis apparet seip- sum manifestans, secundum quod Ipse ait [Jo. xiv.] : " Qui diligit me, diligetur a Patre meo, et ego diligam " eum, et manifestabo ei meipsum." Erit autem lioc thymiama videlicet, et saerosanctum salutiferee orationis spiramentum "■ sanctum sanctorum ; " hoc est, ca^tera sanctitatum dona sanctificans, et super ea spirituali praerogativa prsecipuum ; et ideo talis compositionis mysticum thymiama tanta inhiljetur districtione ne fiat in usus huraanos perversum, ad appetitiones tempo- ralium, quod tanta Divinitatis diligentia conversum est in desideria coelestium, quia ipsum, sicut cernitur ex his, quee nunc tacta sunt, tam celebri pietate divinitus consecratum, sanctum est Domino. Cap. XIII. QucB inira, quce piirior, quce i')UTissiraa est oratio. Three dc- Hoc loco diligenter distinguendum esse cognoscitur de grees of oratione, qupe pura, qua3 purior, qu?e purissima. Est autem oratio pura, qua oratur pro incommodis transi- toriis propellendis, vel temporalibus commodis suscipien- dis,^ ut tranquilla sit devotio corporalis conversationis. Oratio vero purior, qua oratur pro expiatione vitiorum et institution e virtutum, ut moderata sit afFectio natu- ralium passionum. Oratio insuper- purissima est, qua oratur non jam munera Sponsi, sed ipse Sponsus per sincerum languentis animaB desiderium suspiratur, vi- delicet ut beata sit consummatio perennium desideri- ' pro suscipiendis temporali/nis commodis, i^el incommodis transitoriis propellendis, B. dcnique, B. EPISTOL.E. 453 orum ; lioc est quod sine fine videatur, sine fastidio ametiir, sine fatigatione laudetur. Pro incommodi. transitoriis propellendis ' in Daniel ix. : " Propter temet- " ipsum inclina, Deus noster, aurem tuam et exaudi, " aperi ociilos tuos et vide desolationem nostram, et " civitatera, super quam invocatum est nomen tuum." In Act. xii. : " Et Petrus quidem servabatur in earcere ; " oratio autem fiebat sine intermissione ab ecclesia ad " Deum pro eo." Pro suscipendis temporalibus com- modis in Jeremite xxix. : " Quterite pacem civitatis, ad " quam transmigrare vos feci ; et orate pro ea ad " Dominum, quia in pace ipsius erit pax vestra." Ad i. Tinioth. ii. : " Obsecro primum omnium fieri obsecra- " tiones, orationes, j^ostulationes, gratiarum actiones " pro omnibus hominibus, pro regibus et omnibus qui " in sublimitate sunt constituti, ut quietam et tran- " quillam vitam agamus in omni pietate et castitate/' Pro utroqne in ii. Paral. xxxiii. : "Manasses, postquam co- " angustatus est, oravit Dominum Deum suum, et egit " poenitentiam valde coram Deo patrum suorum. De- " precatusque est Eum et obsecravit intente, et ex- " audivit orationem ejus et reduxit eum in Jerusalenij " in regnum suimi." Et iterum, Roman, xv. : "Obsecro " igitur vos, fratres, per Dominum Jesum Christunij " et per caritatem Spiritus Sancti, ut adjuvetis me in " orationibus ad Deum, ut liberer ab infidelibus, qui " sunt in Judasa, et obsequii mei oblatio accepta fiat in " Jerusalem Sanctis, ut veniam ad vos in gaudio per " voluntatem Dei, et refrigerer vobiscum," Pro expia- tione vitiorum in EccL xxiii. : " Domine Pater et Deus " vita3 mea3 ne derelinquas me in cogitatu eorvmi, et " extollentiam oculorum meorum ne dederis mihi, et " omne desiderium averte a me : aufer a me ventris " concupiscentias et concubitus, ne apprehendant me." Et in Jacob, v.: " Infirraatur quis in vobis? inducat pres- ' propcVcndis est iUwl, B. semper. -154 ADiE DE MAPJSCO " byLcros eccle,sio3, et (3rent «uper eiiin, unguentes euiii " oleo sancto in nomine Domini ; et oratio fidei salvabit " infirmum, ct alleviabit eum Dominns ; et si in jjec- " catis sit, dimittentur ei." Pro institutione virtutum in ii. libro Macchab^eorum i. : " Benefaciat vobis Deus, et " meminerit testamenti sni, quod locutus est ad Abraham, " et Isaac, et Jaco1), servorum suonun fidelium ; et det " voljis cor omnibus ut colatis eum et fociatis ejus volun- " tatem corde perfecto et animo volenti. Adaperiat cor *' vestrum in lege sua et in prsneceptis suis, et faciat pa- " cem/' Et ad Phil. i. : " Et hoc oro, ut caritas vestra " mao-is ac mao-is abundet in omni scientia et in omni " sensu, ut probetis potiora, et sitis sinceri et sine ofFensa " in diem Christi, repleti fructu justitias, per Jesum " Christum in gloriam Dei." Pro utroque in Psal. 1. : " Averte faciem tuam a peecatis meis, et omnes iniqui- " tates meas dele. Cor mundum crea in me, Deus, et spi- ' ■ ritum rectum innova in visceribus meis." Et iterum ad ii. Cor. xiii. : " Oramus autem Deum, ut nihil mali faci- * atis, non ut nos probati pareamus, sed ut vos quod bo- " num est faciatis." De claritate visionis, Exod. xxxiii. : " Si inveni gratiam in conspectu tuo, ostende mihi " faciem tuam." Et Joh. xvii. : " Pater, quos dedisti " mihi, volo ut ubi sum ego et illi sint mecum, ut " videant claritatem meam, quam dedisti mihi." De unitate dilectionis, Cant. i. : " Trahc me post te ; cur- " remus in odorem unguentorum tuorum." Et Joh. xvii.: " Non pro his rogo tan turn, sed et pro eis qiu credituri " sunt, per verbum eorum, in me ; ut omnes unum sint, " sicut et tu, Pater, in me, ct ego in tc, ut et ipsi in no- " bis unum sint, ut credat mundus quia tu me misisti." De felicitate laudationis [ii. Paralip. xxxvi.] : " Do- *' mine Deus Oranipotens patrum nostrorum Abraham, " Isaac, et Jacob, ne simul perdas me cum iniquita- " tibus meis, neque in loternum reserves mala mihi, " quia indignum salvabis me secundum magnam miseri- " cordiam tuam, et laudaljo tc semper omnibus diebus EPLSTOL^. 455 ** vita3 meie, quoniam te laudat oinni.s vlrliis cceloriim, " et tibi gloria sit in srocula .sa'culorum. Amen." Et " in Psalmo cl. : Salvos nos fac, Doniine Deus nostei-; " et congrega nos de nationibus, iit confiteaniur no- " men sanctnm tuuni, et gioriemitr in laude tua/' Et itennn [Esther vi.] : "Exandi deprecationem meam, nt " viventes laudemiis nomen tuiim, Domine, et non " elaudas oi'a canentiuni te." Quaj tria per prpeliba- tiouem Iiabentur in via per satnritatem in patria. Cap. XIV. QuaUter oratlo Jieri Itahei,^ in lingua et in sjyiritit et in onente ; videlicet, et in vita sensus, et in vita 82^iritus, et in vita intellectits, ut fructwin salutis ohtineat. Oportet insuper quod oratio, cum ipsa sit intentie Of the requisitiouis intellectuale desiderium ascendens in Deum impetrandi gratia, non solum lingua, nee solum spiritu,^ sed omnino mente peragatur, secundum apostolum dicen^- tem [i. Cor. xiv.] : " Si orem lingiia, spiritus meus orat, *' mens autem mea sine fructu est. Quid ergo est ? Orabo " spiritu, orabo et mente, psallam spiritu," etc., ut in oratione apex afFectualis nullatenus subsistat quousque super linguam et spiritum in mentem conscendat, i.e. super vitam seusualem et vitani spiritualem in vitam intellectualem exsurgat. Consistit autem integraliter homo vivens in his tribus vita? difFerentiis, videlicet vita sensus, vita spiritus, vita intellectus ; secundum illud Irenes, ii.: " Formavit Dominus Deus hominem de limo " terr?e, et inspiravit in faciem ejus spiraculum vitse, " et factus est homo in animam viventem." Agitur autem vita sensus in susceptione specierum sensibilium, vita spiritus in effigiatione figurarum imaginabiliura^ vita intellectus in apprehensione forraarum intelligibi- haheat, B. | - neque solum lingua ct spiritu, B. add 456 ADM DE MARISCO liiim, lit cum lego solitarius in codice [Luc x.], " Diliges " proximum tuum sicut teipsum," scripturam prpesen- tem sensu percipio per speciem sensibilem, proximum absentem spiritu effigio per figuram imaginabilem, sed per formam intelligibileni. Ergo si oretur lingua solum in vita sensuali, vel oretur spiritu solum in vita spirituali, vel oretur lingua et spiritu in vita sensuali et spirituali, nisi oretur et mente in vita intellectual i, orationi fructus salutis nequaquam acquiritur. Igitur nee tantum oratio vocalis sine sensuali, nee tantum oratio iniaginabilis sine spirituali, nee simul oratio utra- que, vocalis sive sensualis, et imaginabilis sive spiritualis, sine rationali sive intellectuali, fructum salutis obtinet a Salvatore. Sed tertia per seipsam, vel cum alteru- tra duarum vel cum ipsarum utraque, plene sufficit ad salutem. Tres etenim, scilicet vita sensus, vita spiritus, vita intellectus, secundum Sctum. Augustinum, tres sunt Coeli, quos insinuans apostolus [ii. Cor. xii.], "Scio," in- quit, " liominem in Christo ante annos xiiii., sive in " corpore, sive extra corpus nescio, Deus scit, raptum '' hujusmodi usque ad tertium coelum/' Ergo cum cor sit originale vitre domicilium, secundum illud Proverb, x., " Omni custodia custodi cor tuum, quoniam ex ipso vita " procedit ;" nullus, quod fieri necesse est, orat Deum toto corde, nisi per coeleste desiderium coelum vitf© sensualis superet, coelutn vitre spiritualis transeat, coelum vitse intellectualis ascendat, et sic ad Deum Salvatorem, coeli intellectualis salvificum liabitatorem, in oratione salu- tari proveniat, intrans in cubiculum suum ibidem, juxta verbum Filii, orantis Patrem suum in abscondito. Quod nullatenus fieri valet, nisi per superintellectualem sum- mse divinitatis operationem, Nunqunm enim ci'eatura, cum sit virtus finita, ad Creatorem, qui est virtus infinita, pertingere valet, nisi supersreculariter agatur ad hoc illius finiti defectio ])er Istius infiniti perfec- tionem. Propter quod ait [Jo. vi.] : " Nemo venit ad " me, nisi Pater qui misit me traxerit cum." EnsTOL^. 457 Cap. XV. De profectu orationis cum ipsi adsunt univcrsa siqrra- scripta, ct de defectu ipsius cuni eidem ahest all- quid de siipvascriptis universis. QufB profecto si assunt suprascripta universa, secim- The same clum jam insiniiataiii provisiva' Divinitati.s institutioiiem, continued, ad orationis piai compleinentum, necesse est ex diviiia promissione niillatenns negari quod oratione ,sic perfecta supplicatur optimum.^ Quod si quid eoruiu, qure prte- scripta sunt, in oratione petituro defuerit, quia divinis obveniendo niandatis per prtEvaricationem legis sure Do- niinum inhonorat, comprobatur omnino nequaquam mise- ricordire dignationem irapetrare, sed provocare indigna- tionem iracundire. Unde est illud apostoli Jacobi [iv.] " Petitis, et non accipitis, eo quod male petitis." Quo- niam enim malum est privatio boni, erit orantis mala petitio cum privata fuerit aliquo bonorum substantialium orationis, orationem essentialiter constituentium, et tunc prorsus istius orationis mortua petitio non est petitio, sicut mortuus homo non est homo. Sed erit orantis bona petitio cum privata non fuerit aliquo bonorum substan- tialium orationis, orationem essentialiter constituentium, et tunc profecto illius orationis viva petitio est petitio sicut homo vivus est homo. Unde liquet quod noil abhorret a doctrina vivilici Salvatoris, ubi ait, " Petit(^ '* et accipietis/' f^ententia sui apostoli, "Petitis et non " accipitis." ' tjpthtcri, Cot. 458 AD^ T)E MARISCO Cap. XVI. Quod omnis pontlfex cum lorwfatls orationis dlvince conditioiiibus orans Scdvatorem ut mittat opera- rlos scdutis in messem suam, sicut prcedidum ed, induhitantcr exaud.ltwr. To such Quapropter oinnis pontifex, ex liomiuibus assuuiptus, nothing is pi'o liomiiiibus constitiitus,^ qiiandocuiique cum priefatis impossible: qj.j^^|qj^jj^ clivimG conditioiiibus rogat Dominum messis ut mittat operarios in messeni siiam, lioc est salvificuiii' Dominatorem ecclcsito exorans interpellat, iit niittendo provideat rectores idoneos ecclesia^ svuu in salutis opera- tione prseficiendos, et, si oporfceret, de lapidibus istis sus- citare filios Abraham, bcatus Salvator, cui nihil est impos- sibile [Luc. xix.], ad salvationis officium indubitanter exhibebit quotqiiot liabet necessai'ios. Cap. XVII. Quid oranti 'prcdato sit considtmn, cinn non adhue divi7iitus exJiAbctur vector idoneus, qui per eunv prcejiciatur. if the Quod si pro})ter pcecatorum obsistentias Justus severos^^^^' ►^'^Ivator salubriter interpellatus adliuc difierat exhi- bere operaiiuui operandaj saluti idoneum, numquid licet in eventuni quemcunque aliquatenus intrudere pro pastore devoratorem, pro dispensatore dissipato- rem, pro vivificatore mortificatorem, pro sanctificatore profanatorem ? Quis hoc ferat, nisi quem furige dse- monialis dira rabies occupavit ? Cum enini, secundum apoBtolum, non sunt facienda mala ut veniant bona, putabiturne quacunque conditione htec facienda fore mala, ex quibus vere nulla sunt qu?e veniant bona; Bed certe nulla sunt quae non veniant mala? Hie ' constilidtas, B. EPISTOLyE. 459 amplexetur iiise[)ai'abilitcr voi'i Salvatoris deliiiita' pro misrsio, polliceiitiH infallibiliter quod iiidelicieiis oratio cum expectatione longanimi, quamvis iioii ad votum semper, semper tamen exauditur ad salutem Cap. XVIII. Quam pcrnecah'dl rahie contra sanctloncs evangelicas Ids diehas prtdati mcjores et ^jcr se, ct per suos iiiductos, ccclesimti Dei disslpare non cessant, animas exponendo semjnternm condemnationis prmcipitat'wnihus immanlssimis. Ista io-jtuv sacrosancta evaiifjelicfe sanetionis de- Vices of creta, quia dira rabies dagnionialis perfidi?e apud sub- ^ ^^ ^ ^^'^^' limes ecclesiarum principes his damnatissimis diebus execrabiliter, proli nefas ! coiiculcarc uon formidat, qui certe tarn per se ipsos, quam per suos inductos in ecclesiis Altissimi, nihil aliud pervicacissima canina3 voraeitatis impudentia consectantur (luam caducam fastuum arrogantiam, quam mobilem qua^stuum afflu- entiam, quam sordidam luxuum petulantiam, auc- toritatem summee salvationis in perditionis aiternce crudelitatem depravantes, cernimus usquequaquam quasi solutum Satanam effrajnata'* tyraiinide beatam lueredi- tatem benedicti Dei immanissime depopulari, et, proh dolor ! animas sanguine testament! redemptas exponi atrocissinife devorationi bestiarum agri [Ezech. xxxviii.], necnon in gehennalem flagitiorum omnium et cunctorum fiicinorum voraginem passim, abstpie ulla miseratione, pK\3cipitari. Propter (|Uod, inter innumerabilia anim- adversionis divintc fulmina '^ de Scripturis Sanctis, Omnipotens sapientia contra regitivos culminis eccle- siastici priiepositos, tam prpyficientes quam pra3fectos, qui hujuscemodi sunt capitales scelestissimarum immani- tatum auctoreSj exhorrendissimam sententipe tonantis ' diffinitam, B. I ' snbVnnia, C. - cjferata, B. I 460 AD^ DE MARISCO addictionem contorqiiet dicens [Sapientipe vi.] : " Au- " dite, reges, et intelligite ; discite, judices finium terrse ; " prsebete aures vos, qui continetis multitudines, et " placetis vobis in turbis nationum. Qiioniam data est " a Domino potestas vobis, et virtus ab Altissimo, qui " interrogabit opera vestra, et cogitationes scrutabitur ; " quoniam, cum essetis ministrl regni illius, non " recte judicastis, neque custodistis legem justitite, ne- " que secundum voluntatein Dei ambulastis, horrende " et cite apparebit vobis quoniam judicium durissi- " mum in iis, qui pra\sunt, fiet. Potentes enim potenter " tormenta patientur, fortioribus autem fortior instat " cruciatus." Cap. XIX. Quanta necessitate Deo const rinfjiiuv scvpe dictus avcliiepiscopus ct animaJjus Vitjerandis secundum ea, qiidi lyrcedlcta sunt, et arcendis lyrodltoritjus ah animarum 'pervasionilms. To be Quamobrem tantre metropolis tantus antistes, prop-' pressed i)v ^^^ Euui, qui amat animas, animarum amore ^ quibuB tiie Arch- salvandis tam solemni sponsione tam districtai profes- sionis, coram tam pavendo tribunali tam tremendi Judicis, animam suain defixit, apud tantum animarunl redenqotarum Vindicatorern, sub tanta juratissimie fir- mitatis obligatioiie, infatigabiliter necesse est invigilet^ secundum ea, qute prredicta sunt, liberandis animaljus, propter quas redimendas benedictus Dei Filius, sub diro mortis supplicio, sacrum crucis patilnilum ex pia cruoris affluentia irrigare decrevit abundantius; necnon semper a Dei sanctuario arcendis canibus impudentissimis, nescientibus saturitatem ; pestes nefarias dsemonialium nequitiarum loquor, videlicet ovilium dominicorum a mofte, C. EPISTOL.E. 4G1 pervicacissimos invtasores, quos, proh nefas ! his diebus pessimis ubique conspicimus inexplebili rabie et Sievitias, et astutias, et malitias, et pertinacias saeii- leoissimi furoris ecclesiasticonun oinniiuii assiduis ur- gere pervasionibus, ut earuiii lac comedeiites et lanis opperti, crudelissiraa depopulatione ipsas, pruli dolor ! passim cxponant devorationi bestianim agri, qn» sua sunt quiierentes, non qua} Jesu Christi. Cap. XX. Quod nulli 'possunt cogltari tain pervicaces iniriiicl Dei, sicut qui, cum vlvljlcandis ceternalitcr ani- tnabus offi.cium siiscepevunt, animas perpetualiter occidere non exhorrcnt inaudlto fjenere prodi- tlonls. Nunquam enim cogitare poterunt in profiinissimo God has regno curjiditatis dialjolicjc tarn iiervicaciter inimican- °° ^^y^'^ . . . . , . . . enemies, tes sanctissimo regno caritatis dommiere, sicut ii tales, qui per usurpata salvificarum prjelationum officia ani- mas humanas, per divinitatem Altissinii formatas ad superclaram imaginem Dei, et ad ipsius supersanctam similitudineni reformatas per sanguinem testamenti [Zach. ix.], quibus teternaliter vivificandis est occisus Auctor vitfG Filius Dei, perpetualiter occidere non ex- horrent inipernecabili fidei violatae ^ proditione. Annon inauditum genus proditionis est populis Dei perden- dis insistere, quibus salvandis tarn celebriter juratura est, coram senatu coeli, Regi sa3Culorum ? Annon ad- huc inauditum genus proditionis est de stipendiis clementissimi Regis vivere, sed Domini sui temerata fidelitate, contra ipsum, cum in?estimabili damno desu- dantis exercitus, in castris hostilibus sub immanissimo tyranno militare ? ' violate fidei, B. 4G2 AD/E DE MARISCO Cap. XXI. Quod occisores animariwi maHmie sunt expcrtes carUatis. Deficient Ad hrec, si occisores corporum nefarios affirmamiis any. ^,^^^^ cfvritatis expertes, numquid non expertes caritatis vere judicabimns perfidos animaruin occisores ? Cap. XXII. Quod redorcs anhnarum universas animas atvocltev occidAssc convmcuiitur, quihns ne occiderentur noscuntur iiequaquain cfficacller invigilasse. IMurderers Sed certissime, secundum immutabilera veritatis aeter- of souls. ^^ diffinitionem, cuncti curam vitalein regendis auima- bus assecufci aniinas universas atroci nequitia perenniter occidisse eonvincuntur, quibvis ne occiderentur fideli prudentia dignoscuntur nequaquam jugiter invigilasse, clamante Scriptura singulis familije dominicas custo- dibus : " Viruni liunc custodi, qui si lapsus fuerit, erit " anima tua pro aniraa illius " [Ezecli. xxxiii.] Et iterum : " Si speculator viderit gladium venientem et " non insonuerit buccina," (videlicet, viderit gladium mortiferce prrevaricationis venientem, et non inso- nuerit buccina evangeliccC pra^dicationis,) " et populus " se non custodierit, veneritque gladius et tulerit de " eis animam, et ille quidem in iniquitate sua captus '' est ; sanguinem autem ejus de manu speculatoris '' requiram." Et alibi, propter prtevarieationem populi dicens ad Moysen [Num. xxv.] : " ToUe, '' inquit, EPISTOL.E. 4G3 " ciuictos principes populi, et suspcnde eos contra solem " ill patibulis, ut avertatur furor mens ab Israel." In quibiis omnibus, non commissa sed oinissa pnclato- I'uin addictione terrifica condemnaiitur. Cap. XXIII, Quod cuncti qui, suscepto animarum reglmine, sal- vandis animabus 'perpet'i cariiaie own invigikmt, 'propter occislohem animarifiii sunt caritatis penitus exsortes, et rectissime condemnantur qudntumlihet cdiis glorientur excellentiis. Quamobrem quantumlibet qiianticumque talium sibi All their blandientes velut securi glorientur vel de locutionura fess'^in'con- prrerogativa, vel de prtesagio proplietali, vel de ratione sequence of scientiali, vel de iiitelligentia mystei'iorum, A^el de o-ence. fide iniraculorum, vel de humanitate operationum, vel de longanimitate passionum, ut «it summatim dicere, vel de loquelpe, vel de notitire, vel de con.stanti?e, vel de patientipe quantalibet eminentia, nisi salvandis subditis secundum sacrosanctas institutiones perpeti diligentia continue? caritatis efficacius insudaverint, au- diant contra se, nee altum sapiant, sed timeant illam districtionis apostolicfe sententiam : " Si Unguis homi- " num loquar et angelorum/ caritatem autem non " liabeam, factus sum velut ass sonans aut cymbalum " tinniens. Et si habuero propbetiara, et noverim " mysteria omnia et omnem scientiam, et habuero *' omnem fidem, ita ut montes transferam, caritatem " autem non habuero, nihil sum ; et si distribuero in *' cibos paupenmr omnes iacultates meas, et si tradi- " dero corpus meum ita ut ardeam, caritatem autem " non habuero, nihil mihi prodest,'^ 404^ AI>M DE MAEISCO Cap. XXIV. Quod 2'>otissime "pro ista justitia secundum iwoidicta jrrce/iclendi 'pastores greglhus dominicls, et ar- cendi latroiies ah elsdera ; quanticunque terrlhi- llum martyrlorum agones sunt et constanter sustinendl et audader provocandl, pro ista, in- quam, justitia tarn incestimahilis excellentice. How he is Deniqiie super illam quee nunc dicta est justitia, them. pra-'ficiendi pastores gregibus dominicis, et latrones arcendi ab eisdem secundum modos supradictos, qua- liter unquara sublimes animi quantumcunque vel tra- ditionibus canonieis vel evangelicis sanctionibus, vel inspirationibus coelicis, vel lucidis revelationibus illuminati, poterunt intelligere justitiam aliquam bea- tioris gloria?, pro qua amplius teneantur ecclesiarum prselati, omnibus omnino ^ nihil impensis, qua? un- quam valet vel prosperitas la^ta conferre, vel inferre tristis adversitas, onniimodis triumphalium martyriorum agonias non tantum in se ipsis tolerare longanimiter, sed viriliter contra se provocare ; ut non tantum prop- ter istam justitiam persecutionem in se sustineant, " ludibria et verbera experti, lapidati, secti, in occisione " gladii mortui, circumeuntes in melotis, in pellibus " caprinis, egentes, angustiati et afflicti, quibus dig- " nus non erat mundus," sed insuper propter istam justitiam persecutionem contra seipsos exsuscitent, exultantes audacter, in occursum pergentes armatis, conteranentes pavorem nee cedentes gladio, fervendo et fremendo sorbentes terram, nee reputantes tubae sonare clangorem, procul odorantes bellum, exhorta- tionem ducum et ululatum exercitus. Quis est qui ista perspicaciter non aspiciat, nisi quem premit pavidi ' omnibus . . . yiihil impensis, Cott. The word after omnibus is hlurred. EPTSTOL.^!:. 465 cordis caligo formidolosa ? Nempe cum diffiniatur jus- titia, quod sit amor rectus servatus propter ipsam rectitudinem, qua tribuitur uuicuique quod suum est, patenter htBC quam nunc loquor justitia, glorio- sam gratiosa3 justitiaj nuncupationem speciali privi- legio justissimae rationis sibi vindicare comjjrobatur, per inviucibiles heroes principatus ecclesiastici jugi- tate infiitigabili protegenda, per quam potissime et regnum vita3 restauratur et exterminatur mortis im- perium, Veritas Catholica confirmatur et confutatur hseretica falsitas, mundo corruenti obvenitur et subve- nitur periclitanti ecclesiie, caritatis salvificfe glorifica felicitas exaltatur ; qua ' ratione qui diligit legem im- plevit ; per quam ideo fidelium sanctificatio potest comprehendere cum omnibus Sanctis qua? sit latitudo, longitudo, et suljlimitas et profundum, viz. sublimitas majestatis, profunda veritatis, latitudo jucunditatis, lon- gitudo leternitatis secundum pr?esentem pr?egustationem, et secundum satietatem futuram in seeculi Salvatore Filio Dei, qui est benedictus in specula. Amen. Cap. XXV. Submissa Venice iMitior' Quanquam in prsesentiarum opus esset sermo Ion- The writer gus et interpretabilis, cum sufficiat simpliei occasionem ^po^og'ses. prrestitisse sapienti, compesco calamum sub humili re- cognitione, venia petita super eo quod de rebus pr83- dignis apud prsedignum prsesulem, indigna serie, pauper indignus dicere temptavi, ut timeo, tantse puritatis, tant» claritatis, tant^e pietatis, tantre firmitatis invol- vens sententias sermonibus imperitis. ' For qua ratione, B. has quavi. i the number of the Chapter as * Altogether omitted in Cott. MS. In B. the scribe has wrongly given " Quindecimum." G G 46G AD^ DE MARISCO courage. Cap. XXVI. De prmcellenti gloria, qua sanctoi recordatioms domi- nus Rohertus, quondanfi Lincolniw episcopus, di- vinitus esse creditur illustratiis, propter vigorem amoris insuperabilem et invincihilem ^ zeli fervo- rem, qiiihus jugiter aspirahat salvandis animabus secundum formas superius insinuatas. Praises Quid est quod piissimre recordationis dominum Rober- Grostetes's ^^^^^^ quondam Lincolni» episcopum, qui dum velocia mortalitatis liumana? trausigeret volumiiia, spirituali affectionis^ sanctas prserogativa salutarem sinceritatis vestrse pietatem inter cunctos in carne viventes vis- ceralis affectus sacro complexu continebat in incommu- tabili vitfe perennalis Auctore ; quid, inquam, est quod ipsum per divinam miserationem, secundum quod fideliter asseverat devotio fidelinm, tarn gl ori- fice et coronavit in excelsis, et in terris mirificavit, nisi quod ex invincibili serenissimse fidei firmitudine, apud ilium fortis ut mors dilectio et dura iit infernus cemulatio, in spiritu et virtute Hely?e, secundum ea qui3e pr?edicta sunt, sanctitatis impavidae perseverantia vigilantius aspirabat ad Dei lionorem et hominnm salutem ? Secunda Pars. Excuses his mo- desty. Cap. XXVII. Quod ah eximio archiprwsule /rater exiguus^ super insuetis ecclesioi trihidatiombus requisitus illi veritus est respondere. Ubi aspiciebam qnod prpelatus a privato, doctus ab indocto, expertus ab inexperto, prreclarus ab obscure, ' irremissibihm, B. ■-' dilectionis, B. super cxiguis, B, EPISTOL/E. 467 super vexationibiTS ecclesiasticam dignitatem pra:>gra- vantibiis rescviptum reqiiirclmt, jiixta quod in sui parte posteriori continebat vestrce dominationis epistola, vere- batur nee imraerito vestrce magnitudini modicitas mea respondere. Cap. XXVIII. Qiiam necessaria dif^pensaiionls divinm 2^'i'ovidentia ecclesiam sanctam sertipev exercent tvibulantia fersecutionum affiigentium vexamina. Verum si Scrip tiiranun testinioniis, si sanctorum Persecu- exemplis, si rationum efficaciis, si modernorum ex- ^'?" ^"'' . .. r> T .. , . . . . (. iTi ,T viceable to perientiLs ndeliter adquiescitnr, agnoscitur miallibiliter the church. tribulationum grassantium vehementias iramaniores sanctam ecclesias Catholicpe beatitudinem et excel- lentius erigere et erudire luciilentius, et salubrius animare et solidare constantius, ut coelestis regni prse- destinata felicitas non tarn in bono giorificetur pro- prio, quam ex malo magnificetur alieno. Propter quod ait Rex s^eculorum Dei regnum reformaturus : "Si quis " te percusserit in unam maxillam, prasbe ei et alteram ; " et ei, qui vult tecum in judicio contendere et tunicam " tuam toUere, dimitte ei et pallium ; et quicunque " angariaverit te mille passus, vade cum eo alia duo." Et per apostolum : " Maledicimur, et benedicimus ; " persecutionem patimur, et sustinemus ; blaspliemamur, '' et obsecramus ;" niagis et in concussionibus, et in calumniis, et in angariis, et in contumeliis tolerantiam passionum salvificam beatificans, quam commendans magnificam actionum i-esistentiam. G G 2 468 AT>M DE MARISCO Cap. XXIX. Quod infel'icius vequit accidere ecclesicv nostvL tem- porls, quani ut tarn inermUer ' vivens sub ixice trcmsltoria felicitev agat. And a Revera, mi domine, secundum quod perspicue cernit clarissima vestrpe sinceritatis industria, nunquam infe- licius accidere poterit nostree dierum prcesentium eccle- sise, quam ut feliciter nefaria tempora transigat, tarn inermiter vivens mortua tarn horribiliter, remotis mo- lestantium tribulationuin asperitatibus, per reprobantem divinitatis provocata3 iracimdiam. Cap. XXX. Quod, cuncti fere his diehus ecclesice redores ad hoc inhiant, ut per ecclesiasticarti auctoritaterii defensi quiete libidinibus suis inserviant. Necessary Ad quod '" inhiare conspiciuntur passim liodie peri- to awakeu t.,- ^ • t • ■ i its j,ujgj.g^o clitantis ecclesia? speculatores impiissimi, nisi ut sub their duty, autlieiitica protectione celsitudinis ecclesiastics et ad- versus concussiones, et adversus calumnias, et adversus angarias, et adversus contumelias propensiori vigilantia vigentius defensati, et libidinibus dominandi, et libi- dinibus possidendi, et libidinibus delectandi, et libidi- nibus abundandi, nunquam licet adimplendis, adim- plendis tamen semper inserviant; nullatenus, proli nefas! sestimantes feliciter agere civitatem ecclesi?e, nisi late licentise libidinum letalium stantibus moenibus sute dignitatis, et ruentibus moribus sute sanctitatis, ubique debaccliando pervagentur infelicius? Contra quos, etiam vitiis suis ecclesiasticam defensionem afFectantes, tam terribiliter prophetale fulminans eloquium [Is. Ivi.], ' enormiter, B. et infra. | - quid enini, B. EPISTOL^. 469 " Omnes," iiiquit, " bestijie cagri, veiiite ad Jevoran- " dum iiniver.siu Ijcstiic saltiis ! Speculafcores ejus " CfBci oniiies, iiescierunt iiniversi ; canes muti, non " valentes latrare, videntes vaiia, dormieiites et aman- " tes somnia. Et canes impudentissiini nescicrinit sa- " turitatem. Ipsi pastores ignoraverunt iiitelligentiam. " Omnes in viaiii suam declinaveiiint, uiiusquisque ad " avaritiam suam, a suuimo usque ad novissimum. Ve- " nitG; sumamus vinum, et iuipleamur ebrietate ! et " erit, sicut hodie, sic et eras, et multo amplius." Quid enim his diebus manifestius, lieu ! heu ! lieu ! Domine Deus, quam quod " omnes bestial," lioc est omnes vastitates nequitiarum dsemonialimn, " agri/' apertius sievientiuni, et " saltus/' occultius insidian- tium, sive " omnes bestise agri," carnalium spurcitiarum, " universae bestite saltus," spiritualium versutiarum, velut vocataa veliementius venerunt ad devoraiidum, sc. in sui malignas pernicies voraciter trajiciendum redeinp- tas animas, quibus sibi adunandis in individuum beat?e vitfe consortium tarn aniara morte mortuus est Auctor vitee Filius Dei ? Causa quoque tantariiin perditionum, quo nihil est evidentius, subjungitur istud : " Specula- " tores ejus ca?ci omnes, nescierunt universi ; canes " mutij non valentes latrare, videntes vana, dormien- " tes et amantes somnia. Et canes impudentissimi " nescierunt saturitatem ; ipsi pastores ignoraverunt " intelligentiam. Omnes in viam suam declinaverunt, " unusquisque ad avaritiam suam, a summo usque ad " novissimum. Venite, sumamus vinum, et implea- " mur ebrietate ! Et erit hodie sic et eras, et multo " amplius. Venite, sumamus vinnm," etc. Factio lascivientium insinuatur invicem se invitantium ad hauriendum vinum mundanaB jucunditatis usque ad ebriosam alienationem de die in diem adaugendam, maxime sub protectionis ecclesiasticae pacifica defen- sione. 470 ADyE DE MAKISCO Cap. XXXI. (2iiod jam dictl taiio pcstileuicn hivp'tl tiihi tain nefa- riorum acelermn i)romittunt hwpuidtatc'nij licet tarn inaniter. God's Verumptanieii in tain nefarils damnatissimoruiii directed sceleruiu eiTonbns vecordi pertinacia quietms iiuiiiovan- against tes coiitra iudeclinabiles ultionis divinaj distiictioiies Hibi blaudiiintui', confidentes in verbis mendacii, se- cundum illud pro])lietici sermonis direeti ad princi- pes donius Jacob et judices domus Israel, sc. activse luctationi et speculativa) visioui in ecclesia3 praepositos et prtelatos, qui ad ininiunitatem vitse sua3 tarn perdi- tricis, tarn flagitiosse, tarn facinorosa3, propheticuni illud inculcavit [Jer. vii.], " Templum Domini/^ etc. ; confideu- tes, inquam, in verbis mendacii super illud" Mich. iii. : *' Et ]'eq[uiescebant super Dominuni, dicentes, ' Nuui- " ' quid non Dominus in medio nostrum ? non venient " ' super nos mala.' " Sed contra nequissimam menda- cium assertionum confidentiam sequitur Mich. iii. : " Propter hoc, causa vestri, Sion quasi ager arabitur, " et Jerusalem quasi acervus lapidum erit, et mons " templi in excelsa silvarum." Numquid prufanantes templum Domini proteget contra justissimas viudictas ultionis divince,^ quin vigilet Dominus super verbuui suum, ut fticiat illud : "In fulmineo splendore fulgu- " rantis hasta^ sure reddens ultionem istis hostibus " pervicacissimis, et his, qui atrocissime oderunt Eum, " retribuat, inebrietque sagittas suas in sanguinem, et " gladius suus devoret earnes " carnis curam perficere semper satagentium in desideriis ? ' ({ffiiclionis Dominica, B. EPISTOLiE. 47 1 Cap. XXXII. Quarii Tationahlli divlncG dispensatioii'is moderantia 2')er prcdcdos et 'principes pax ecclesice tc^inporcdis continue conservari deheat. Num ista dixeriiii ut siiadere veliin ne reciores Princes and ecclesiarum se accingere debeant contra tribulationes pl-esei^vV j^acein ecclesiasticam perturlDantes ? Nequaquam, Ete- t'ne peace nim postquam Rex regum et Dominus dominantium, church. per supremum sui omuipotentatus arbitrium, et cur- vavit imperia mimdi, et mundi regna inclinavit, et humiliavit potentiam mundi, et mundi gloriam pro- stravit, sub prsecelsa ecclesiai suae sanctitate condita simt jura tarn canoniea quam civilia, ex seternalibns decretis Altissimi, per ora praglatorum et principum divinitus promulgata, coercendis pacis ecclesiasticas persecutoribus, iminutabiliter statuendo ut in uni- versis omnium ecclesiarum ordinibus jugiter conserve- tur sospitas quantum ad personas, utilitas quantum ad substantias, immunitas quantum ad operas, unanimitas quantum ad concordias. In his enim, sicut liquet evi- dentius, contra concussiones, contra calumnias, contra angarias, contra contumelias dumtaxat ecclesige sanctse providetm-, et dignitati, et libertati, et tranquillitati, et securitati protegendis indeficienter per patrocinia sacer- dotum et imperatorum adjutoria, ut ccclesia Dei pla- cida suavitate salubriter vivat, secundum mandata, judicia, ceremonias, et promissa Dei, amplectendo feli- cius mandata per formam bene vivendi, judicia per censuram recte judicandi, ceremonias ])er ritum pie colendi, promissa pei* profectum digne gloriandi. Quo fiat ut rete apostolicum magnos et pueros capiat, militia Christiana fortes et debiles colligat, familia dominica prtecipuos et pusillos contineat, ecclesia sancta suprapositos et submissos comprehendat, ad beatam 472 AD.E DE MAEISCO regni Dei consummationem, sub protectione Altissimi optabili pace pie conversando, nequaquam, licet })auci- tatem majorum semper examinet, minoriim ' multitudi- nem st©pe confringat persecutionum grassantiiim laxata vexatio. Quapropter quantum teneantur sacerdotes pa- trocinio, imperatores adjutorio pacis ecclesiasticte beati- ficam dispeusationem infatigabili stabilire vigilantia, liquere poterit consideranti prsetaxatas eloquiorum di- viuonnu sanctiones. Cap. XXXIIL Dg iwrnecessaria discretlone habeada pro pvopellcndis ah ecclesia per sequent iuiii' ioijuriis. Sut great Discei'ui tamen summopere oportet ab invicem in requireXin pi'opuLsandis vexationum injuriis magnificentias sollici- so doing, tudinuui. Etenim, sicut claret, et in mente csecu- tientibus, prorsus secernendee sunt persecutionum in- jurise, quse directe vergimt in detrimentum aeternale, ab illis quae qualitercunque cedunt in prsejudicium temporale. Pro illis enim est anima ferventius ex- poin-nda, in istis vero est anima moderantius exercenda, cum tamen ex salubri discretione illud oporteat facere, istud vero non omittere. Cap. XXXIV. Quod ternporihus rtiodernis pwne rectores ecclesiarum universi ceternalium incrementis omnino seipsos suhtrahunt, sedy compendiis temporcdibus ampli- andls seipsos penitus impendunt. 'The clergy Quanc^uam his diebus, prob pudor ! fere cernamus in^^cukr ^^stri temporis universes ducatus ecclesiastici mode- occupa- ratores commodis seternalibus adaugendis omnino seip- sos subtraliere, sed compendiis temporalibus ampliandis ' majorum, B. | * persecutionum; B; EPISTOL^E. 473 penitus seipsos impendere, ob id tarn despical)iliter designates per vaccas Samariji? apud illiid proplieti- cuin [Amos iv.] : " Audite verbiim hoc, vaccse pingues, " qupe estis in monte Saniari», quae calumniam facitis " egenis, et confringitis panperes \' vaccas eos vocans, velnt in posterioribus erectos, depressos in anterioribns ; vaccas quoqiie pingues, foerainei sexus, efc carnea) cras- situdinis : ostendens per foemineum sexum ad omnia valida fructuum spiritualium effoeminatos ; per carneam crassitudinem, ad omnia vilia carnalium opermn dila- tatos. " Qufe estis," scilicet per amoris affectum mansive viventes, " in monte Samaria?," id est in elatiori opulen- tia pastoralis custodice. Nomen namque Samarife son at interpretatum custodiam. Cum ergo egenus sit qui non liabet quod silji sufficiat, pauper vero qui non lia- bet quod alteri connnunicet, ilium calumniantur, quern duris exaction ibus spoliando attenuant ; istum eonfrin- gunt, quem sa?vis defraudationibus amaricando morti- ficant. Audiant calumniantes egenum et pauperem [Prov. xxii.] : " Qui calumniatur pauperem ut augeat " divitias suas dabit ipse ditiori, et egebit." Audiant confringentes pauperem [Eccl. xxxiv.] : " Panis egen- " tium vita pauperum est : qui defraudat ilium, homo " sanguinis est." Etenim ista nomina " pauper " et " egenus " s?epe pro se invicem accipiuntur, sicut no- mina " sapientise " et " scientise," secundum Sanctum Augustinum. Sic ergo per tam duras exactiones in- debita sibi congerentes, et per tam sasvas defraud a- tiones aliis deputata sibi retinentes, vivendo tam ne- farie proventus ecclesioe, quod est patrimonium Christi, Christi sanguine egenis et pauperibus conq^aratum, transvertere non formidant, et pr?eurgentis avaritiaD scelestissimam cupidinem, quod susceperunt de manu Domini sub tanta reddenda? rationis districtione, ad sublevandam dumtaxat, per fidelis prudential dispensa- tionem, fidelium suorum inopiam, secundum illud Sal- vatoris ad pastores ecclesiiJe : " Quis putas est fidelis 474 ADJE DE MxiRlSCO " servLis et prudeiis, queiii constituet Doininus super " familiam suaiii, ut det illis cibum in tempore ?" cibuni certe tani temporalem qiiam peternalem, quorum tarn facinorose iieutrum dispensant, pascentes semet- ipsos, sicque famulos Domini utrobique tam crude- liter interimunt, quibus salvandis per vigilem se- dulitatis providte custodiam tam cogenti sponsione Domino juraverunt. O nefas ! O scelus ! O llagitium ! piaculum cunctis viventibus exhorrendum ! Atten- dendum est liic illud Apostoli [i. Cor. iv.] : " Sic nos " existimet homo, ut ministros Ciiristi et dispensatores " mysteriorum Dei. " Hie jam quseritur inter dis- pensatores ut fidelis quis inveniatur ; dispensatores ait, non dominos. Non enim, secundum quod nunc insinu- atum est, memoratum Christi patrimonium, in tam pios usus tam districta lege deputatum divinitus, aliquo modo transferri valet in dispensafcorum dominium, nisi usurpativo non tam furti quam latrocinii sacrilegio. Qui tamen dispensatores, dummodo si seminant spiritualia, legitime mctent carnalia, ut ex eis habentes alimenta et quibus tegantur, his content! sint. Qui vero non vult o^^erari non manducet, dignus est enim solus mer- cede sua operarius, Patet ergo quam convenienter contra istos directus est sermo proplietalis : " Audite " hoc, vaccye pingues, qute estis in monte Samarite, " qua3 calumniam facitis egenis, et confringitis pau- " peres." His adjmigendum putavi quod de talibus nominis usurpati pastoribus ille tantus evangelicse pas- tionis remulator loquens ait : ^ " Quanti hodie secus, scili- " cet quam pastoribus ecclesiaj conveniat, affectos se " ostendunt ; de his dico, qui animas regere susceperunt. " Quod enim sine miserabili gemitu dicendum non est, " Christi opprobria, sputa, flagella, clavos, lanceam, et *' crucem et mortem, hsec omnia fornace avaritiis con- ' Bernardi in Cant. Sermo X. EPISTOL^. 4'7o " flaiit ct profligiiiit in Jicl(|ui.sitiuiicii tiir]_)is qiuu.slus ; " efc patriiuoniuiu uiiiversitatis siiis iiiar,su|)iis inclu- " dere festinant, hoc solo sane a Jucla I.scariotis difFc- " rentes, quod ille omne lioruin emolunientvuii donaiio- " rum mimero compensavit, isti voraciori ingluvic lu- " crorum infinitas exigiuit pecunias : iis insatiabili " desiderio inliiant ; pro his ne aniittant tinieut, ct " cum amittunt dolent ; harum in amore quiescunt, " quantum dumtaxat liberum est eis acervandi aut " augraentandi curam animarum nee casus reputatur, " nee salus. Non sunt profecto matres, qui cu)n sint " de Crucifixi patrimonio nimium incrassaii, inqiinguati, " dilatati, non coinpatiuntur super contritione Joseplii. " Quie mater est non dissimulat : pra^bet ubera, et non " vacua. Gaudere cum gaudentibus, flere cum lientibiis " novit. Non cessat exprimere quidem de ubere con- " gratulationis' lac exliortationis, de ubere vero compas- " sionis lac consolationis/' Quis procurat vestimentum et corpus non curatur ? Quis componit escam et ani- mam exponitur ? Quis unquam cultorum materiam sedificat et vineam contemnit ? Quis unquam ducum vallum erigit et Jiegligit exercitum ? Rogo, separemus preciosum a vili, ])ropter Euiii; qui pra\sertim ad eccle- siasticos ait [Jer. xv.]: " Si separaveris preciosum a vili, " quasi os meum eris." Cap. XXXV. Recltatio ijersecutlonum ecciesiarii nunc tcm;poris irl- hidantium, cum 'petltlona roscriptl super eindcm. Post alia scripsit milii vestra dominatio subjunctam The arch- seriem. Inter cietera gravamina, quai vobis ab liomi- po^^lpjljint nibus inferuntur, ilia vos gravius affligiuit, qiue per pij- of exac- tions. The rest of the Cotton MS. is wantiiiff. 470 AD.E DE lyURISCO testatis terrona) ministerium sponsam Cliristi ancillare iiituntur et ejus subvertere libertates : — " Recipimus namque pluries mandata regia, quod " juxta duduiu inolitam corruptelam clerieos et miiiis- " tros ecclesiiii tribunali regie sistanius, super persona- '' libus actionibus, et plerisque criminibus, et aliis, " juKta corruptelam hujusmodi responsuros. Nuptr " etiam inconsuete forte litteram domini regis rece- " pinius, cujus tenorein vobis transmittinius, qui talis " est: ' ' H., Dei gratia rex Anglise, dominus Hibernite dux Normannije, Aquitauia?, et comes Andegavite, venerabili in Cbristo patri S., eadem gratia Ebora- censi arcliiepiscopo, salutem. Cum omnis pecunia ex quacunque, tarn Terras Sancta? subsidio depu- tata, nobis sit pro executione voti nostri ab Aposto- lica Sede concessa, et (piidam clerici et laici vestrie dioecesis convicti sint coram executoribus dicti ne- gotii, ab eadem Sede do nostro consilio deputatis, ipsos nobis debere denarios subsciiptos ; ecclesiasti- cam V(j]entes libertatem quam in nobis est per omnia ilbcsam conservare, vobis mandamus qua- tenus sine dilatione liabcatis per aliquem de vestris, apud Novum Templum Londonia>, in octava sancti Hillarii, prasdictos denarios solvendos executoribus prsedictis.' Et quibusdam interpositis adjungit : Tantum facientes quod non ojoorteat nos ad baro- niam vestram capere, nee ad ea, qua? ad ecclesiam pertinent, propter defectum vestnim, manum exten- dere srocularem ; et liabeatis ibi hoc breve. Teste meipso. Apud Vyntoniam xx. die Novembris, anno regni nostri xli. Per magistros W. de Licliefeldia, Nicholaum de Plumptona, Philippum Luvel, Ed- wardum de Westmonasterio, et alios barones de scaccario.' " EriSTOL.E. 477 Interpositis igitur i)luribns evidentium ratiomim efficaciis, ostendentibus quod in liae parte doniiiii regis inandato non vere esse parenduni, novissime iduiu subjunxit vestva excellentia : — '■ Verum igitur statum et beneplacitum, et quid tarn " in primo et secundo aiticulo facere expediat, nobis " petimus rescribatis. PicTelati namque alii, sicut au- " divimus, a domino rege mandatum consiinile recepe- " runt. Valete feliciter." Cap. XXXVr. Qitod _23J'ce/'r;^ce irihnlationes, licet rede ingerant com. 2xissionem, tamen dignius exidtationem inducunt Quamvis ergo hfec excogitata temptationum tribu- He is to re- lantium vexamina nee immerito anxiam ingerant ^^^^*^ ^ ^^^' compassionem, tamen multo justiiis eximiam indu- cunt exultationem, dicente Sci'iptura inter innumera- bilia in id ipsum testimonia [Heb. x.] : " Rememo- " ramini pristinos dies, in quibus illuminati magnum " certamen snstinuistis passionum : in altero quidem '■ opprobriis et tril^ulationibus spectaculum facti, al- " tero autem socii taliter conversantivim effecti. " Nam et vinctis compassi estis, et rapinam bono- " rum vestrorum cum gaudio suscepistis, cognoscentes " vos habere meliorein et manentem substantiam/' Et illud [i. Pet. i.] : " Benedictus Deus et Pater Domini " nostri Jesu Christi, qui secundum magnam miseri- " cordiam suam regeneravit nos in spem vivam," Et infra : "In quo exultabitis modicum nunc, si " oportet contristari in variis temptationibus, ut pro- " batio fidei vestra3 multo preciosior sit auro, quod " per ignem probatur ? " Hue quoque accedunt quse subjungo testimonia, videlicet illud [i. Cor. iv.] : " Id " quod in prassenti est momentaneum et leva tribu- 478 ADiE DE MARISCO " latioiiis nostrre supra moduin in sublimitate seter- " num. gloria) pondus operabitur in nobis." Et illud [Heb. xii.] : " Flagellat Deus omnem filium, quern " recipit." Et illud [Isaiic xxviii] : " Per omne fla- " gellum erudieris^^ tu, Israel." Et illud [ii. Cor. i.] : " Sola vexatio dabit intellectum auditui." Licet ergo tiibulationum vexamina turbando eontristent, tamen per Eum, qui consolatur nos in omni tribulatione nostra, lastificant, secundum Scrxptui*as, et roborando ingentius et veracius erudiendo, et expiando sincerius et stabilius confirmando. Nempe commutabilium amo- rem ab ijisis avertendo mortificant, et vivificant con- vertendo ad ipsum amoreui incomniutabilimn, non secus quam amara superlinita uberibus ablactandos avertunt a lactis suavitate, et ad soliditatem panis convertunt. Cap. XXXVII. Quod in dictis trihidationihus commemoratiim archi- prcmulem oiiorteat ante omnia Salvatoris amplecti vestigia. And follow Quid igitur primitus in liis consultum poterit esse footsteps^ ]")ro archiprai'sule, pietatis apostolical successore, nisi lit illud inseparabiliter ampleetatur iiiiitandum infatiga- Idliter quod ipsorum Auctov Apostolis omnibus et cunctis Apostolicis ait [Job. xvii.] : " ITrec locutus " sum vobis, ut in me pacem habeatis. In mundo " pressuram habebitis : sed confidite, quia ego vici " mundum." Sicut etenim omnia potevit in Eo, qui eum confortat Christus. [Philip, iv.] ' eridieris MS. EPISTOLyE. 479 Cap. XXXVIII. Quod inter omnia fldelihus securlorem pra'siat jidii- ciam, per p)rmfatuin arclilprmsulein arcliipraisu- latus officiurrh glorifice fore complendurti, hoc quidem iptswni dlspensatio divina in presentia tribidationuin succrescent lum Sanctis suis asso- davit. Si quid etiam coram sanctitatis vestra^ dignissiiua Tlie hopes prselatione Isetificam expectationis secume liduciam, per ^^j^^^ j^j^^" Jesum Christum Salvatorem nostrum, potissime priestat ministry. fidelium a^mulatio, quod ad lionorem Dei, ad liominis salutem, ad liberationem ecclesiarum et vestri corouam sacros'anctam, archiprsesulatus vestii ministerium, Diviui- tate propitia, per successum salutarem ad felicem exi- tum inspectabili gloria perducetur ; hujusmodi, inquam, tarn gloriosse gloriae pra^cipue securam preestat fiduciam, quod superclemens prsedestinationis altissima3 dignatio iiivictis ecclesise suae propugnatoribus, per varia suc- crescentium persecutionum inolimina, triumphalem vestri certaminis agoniam associare decrevit, quorum unus ille principum invictissimus, " Si consistant," inquit, " ad- " versum me castra, non timebit cor meum. Si exsurgat " adversum me proelium, in hoc ego sperabo." De quibus etiam scriptum est [Judith, viii.] : " Memores esse de- " bent quomodo pater noster Abraham temptatus est, " et per multas temptationes probatus amicus Dei " effectus est." Sic Isaac, sic Jacob, sic Moyses, et omnes qui placuerunt Deo, per multas tribulationes transierunt fideles, Ipsius perpetira disponente demen- tia, cui dictum est [Tobia3 iii.] : " Hoc autem pro " certo habet omnis, qui colit Te, quod vita ejus si in " probatione fuerit, ad misericord iam tuam venire *' licebit. Non enim delectaris in perditionibus nostris ; " quia post tempestatem tranquillum facis, et post 480 sMtM DE MARISCO " lacrymationem et fletuni exultationem infundis. Sit " nomen Dei Israel benedictum in esecula." De quo Apostolus [Rom. xvi.] : " Deus," inquit, •' pacis con- " teret Sathanam sub pedibus vestris velociter. Quia " enim, ' Ecce/ iuquit, ' ego vobiscum sum omnibus " ' diebus, usque ad consummation em steculi.' " Cap. XXXIX. Oratur vt archiephcopali reqiiisitioni divinitns salu- taria resimndea ntur. Christ will Verum ad ea, super quibus excellentia vestra meam pei-pkxT- I'equirere voluit exilitatem, sine me respondeat, oro, vobis ties. salutaria Salvatoris sapientia, qui tam vobis quani illis, in quorum locum successistis, ait [Luc. xxi ] : " Ego dabo vobis os et sapientiam, cui non poterunt " resistere et contradicere omnes adversarii vestri." Et alibi [Math, x.]: " Ad reges et prsesides ducemini- " propter me, in testimonium illis et gentibus. Cum " autem tradent vos, nolite cogitare quomodo aut quid " loquamini : dabitur enim vobis in ilia bora quid lo- " quamini.'' Ubi certe proliibetur sensus liumani solliei- tudo, non affectus divini meditatio, tamenque quicquid respondeatur non cogitetur liumanitus, sed divinitus afFectetur. Subjungit enim: " Non," inquiens, "vos " estis qui loquimini, sed Spiritus Patris vestri qui " loquitur in vobis." Et alibi [Jac. i.] : " Si quis " autem vestrum indiget sapientia, postulet a Deo, qui " dat omnibus affluenter, et non improperat, et da- " bitur ei. Postulet autem in fide, nihil htesitans." EPISTOL.E. 481 Cap. XL. De vehementiore pevsecutionis affiictione his diehus contra ecclesiam sceviente, jprojyter duos gladios, spiritualem et materialem, ad nocendum adu^ 7mtos. Vehementius vero exaggei'cat his diebiis contra eccle- Injury siam tribulationiim pericula ut multuni persecutio mo- fhe^church derna duos gladios, de quibiis seiiatiis Apostolorum ^y 'he [Luc, xxii.], " Ecce duo gladii hie," copulans insimul J^i"e*^^a*tc- ut noceat efficacius. Quorum uterque quidem est eccle- rial with siie, spiritualis scilicet et materialis ? Propter quod spi- tualXord. ritualis quidem causarum salutarium diligentissimus in- vestigator ad summum pontificem de gladio materiali [Bernardi ad Eugeuium libro c[uarto], ^ " Quid/' inquit, " denuo usurpare temptes, quem semel jussua " es reponere in vaginam ? quem tamen qui tuum " negat non satis mihi videtur attendere verbum " Domini, dicentis sic : ' Converte gladium tuum in " ' vaginam/ Tuus ergo, et ipse tuo forsitan nutu, " etsi non tua manu, evaginandus. Alioquin si ad te " nullo modo pertineret, et his dicentibus Apostolis, " ' Ecce gladii duo hie/ non respondisset Dominus " ' satis est/ sed ' nimis est,' uterque ergo ecclesice " et spiritualis gladius et materialis ; sed is quidem " pro ecclesia, ille vero etiam ab ecclesia exserendus. " Ille sacerdotis, hie militis manu, sed sane ad nutum " etiam sacerdotis et jussum imperatoris. " Horum ergo utrumque gladium exercet in ecclesiam Dei contra leges clivinas vexatio periculosior, quos his diebus ad hoe simul adunavit astutia callidior vulpium demoHentium vineam Domini, de qua per proj^hetam [Isaiah v.] : '*' Vinea Domini exercituum domus Israel ' In margin. H H 482 ADM DE MARISCO " est " et adjmigit, " et vir Jucla desiderabile germen " ejus."^ Et quid est domus Juda nisi ecclesia Domini, et quid vir Juda nisi Christus Dominus ? Igitur adversus ecclesiam Domini, et adversus Christum ejus, moderna persecutio solito veliementior efferari conspicitur in duobus gladiis, materiali sc. et spirituali, vulpium eal- liditate conjunctis, videlicet astutonnn Satlianse satel- litum, clericatum arroganter profitentium, et clerum immaniter persequentium, jugiter quos conatu callido macliinantium imperialem seducero celsitudinem, et sanctitatem ciroumvenire sacerdotalem. Proinde quia poterit [estimare discrimen in eo, quod una cum pro- prio dirus liostis civem modestum in gladio excorto per liostilem manum de manu civili letaliter invaders non desistit ? Et quid si coelestem potentiam gladii spiritualis solum impugnaret gladii materialis potentia Siecularis, qua? ratio posset esse formidandi ? Cap. XLI. QuaUter gloria trium'pUi de jam dicta ^^ers^cwf^oiie quamlihet vehementi divinitus ohtinetur. The greater Verum cum publicfB potestati potestas ecclesiastica cuUv Ae pi'sesidio existit ad confligendum, quis belli pondus more glo- siLstinebit, nisi quem firmat et dirigit Christus Dei coMuest virtus et Dei sapientia [i. Cor. i.], " sapiens corde et fortis robore " [Job ix.] ? Porro quanto difficilius est certamen proelii, tan to preciosior est laurea triumphi ; et quis est locus hsesitandi de triumpho, ubi qui hpesitat in adjutorio Altissimi perseverantia finali le- gitimi certaminis Ipsum veraciter audit annuntiantem : " Beatus vir, qui sufFert temptationem ; quoniam cum " probatus fuerit, accipiet coronam vitee, quam repro- " misit Deus diligentibus se ? " ' In the margin in the same hand as text a [Ha] l[ectione] et viri Juda (jermen Ejus ddeclabih. EPISTOL^. 483 Cap. XLII. Ahbreviata reciiatio lyersecidionum moderni temporis ecdesiam contra sacros canones _25rce(/y'rtW6'/iiun}i, cum allegationibus i^ersequentium pro sua ptarte, Demumne per poiitifices ad mandatum regium tri- A hreviate bunali regio sistantur clerici, super personalibus actioni- gravamina "bus et plerisque criminibus juxta pr?esumptam dierum ^^ the aliquot corruptelam responsuri, ut melius novit pietatis vestrjie soUertia. Veneranda3 sacrorum canonum tradi- tiones omnimodis obsistere non dubitantur. Super bis autem abusionibus, quia segnius actum est per pr?elatos quamdiu in ecclesia Anglicana, profecto difficilius eorri- gentur. Allegat enim in liac parte importunus dominus rex, cum consiliariis suis, pro se diuturnam consuetudi- nem, a qua si recederetur et dignitati regite et totali regno fieret enorme praejudicium, quam, ut aiunt, nec debet ecclesia Romana, nec ecclesia Anglicana aliqua- tenus immutare ; litera etiam domini regis a vobis nuper recepta tenoris inconsueti pro pecunia domino regi ab Apostolica fSede concessa, ut eam certis die et loco habeatis per aliquem de vestris solvendam execu- toribus dictse confessionis continere. Videtm* etiara juxta rationum efficacias, in scripfcura vestra mibi des- tinata expressas, manifestas institutionum canonicarum injurias, quamvis, sicut reor, dominus rex, cum illis quorum nititur consiliis, asserat se in causis liujusmodi potestatem regiam accommodare ordinationibus aposto- licis adimplendis, et sic in niliilo ecclesiastica jura per eum violari, cum per ecclesiasticam auctoritatem aatagat ex devotione regia ut jussiones apostolicse per- agantur, secundum quod ipsum executores a domino papa delegati vitas ejusdem super hoc iiiter]>ollaiit diligentius et requirunt. H H 2 4(S4 AD/E DE MARISCO Cap. XLIII. Quod "pa 'pvcesules contra temporalia modernarum tribulationum vexamina .no studeant adhibere remedia ne per coruin remedialeim vigilantiam eccleske Dei ceternalium perdUioniim incurrant detrimenta. The reme- Verum cum ex his, qua? superius et moclo dicta applied. sunt, ecclesia3 videantur intolerabilia imminere gra- vamina, necesse est ut pii prassules, zelo domus do- minicse fruentes, contra tanta discrimina opportuna studeant adhibere remedia, praecedentiura patrum in omnibus sequendo vestigia. Cavendum tamen potissi- mum esse cognoscitur [Math, xiii.] ne forte colligen- tes zizania, eradicent simul cum eis et triticum, neqiie decimantes mentam et anethum et ciminum, relinquant quie graviora sint legis et judicium, misericordiam et iidem ; sed nee excolkmtes culicem, camelum autem ghitiant [Math, xxiii.] Absit ! Hie iUud quidem se- quitur scilicet sermo sancti sapientis : " Vides omnem " ecclesiasticum zelum fervere sola pro dignitate tuenda. " Honori totum datur, sancti tati nihil aut parum ; de " placito Dei ultima mentio est. Pro jactura salutis " nulla cunctatio, nisi quod sublime est, hoc salutare " dicamus, et quod gloriam redolet, id justum." ^ Sic igitur hie agendum ne, dum modica defenduntur amittantur maxima, ne dum corporibus momentanee providetur, animabus perpetue noceatur. Non desunt viri gloriosi utriusque Testamenti, tam ad regem quam ad sacerdotium pertinentes, divinitus in hoc ad imitan- dum propositi, qui secundum dispensationem salutarem interdum tolerarent hostes ne cives trucidarent. Nam si jam insinuata dierum istorum pericula, quid hodie Bcrnardiis ad Engcnium, lib. iiii^o. EPISTOLyE. 485 dignius expavescitur quam si sacri pontifices aggressu pnucipiti confligere ^ teuiptaverint contra prrcfatas vitto temporalis inqnietationes, quod iiuperiali gladio Siuvienti sacerdotalis gladius afferat adjutorium in suspensionuni et exconimunicationum, privationum et depositionuni severissimis additionibus ; et sic contrito castrorum coelestium propugnatore, furentissirao saciilegio sacratis- simum sanctuariuni contingat irrumpere instar leonimi truciilentissimos, instar luporum rapacissimos, instar ser- pentum callidissimos, instar dfemonum malignissimos, truculentia leonina, rapacitate lupina, calliditate serpen- tina, malignitate dsemoniaca destructuros civitates sanc- torum, prasdaturos patrimonia justorum, perdituros cor- pora fidelium, peremptm-os animas pauperuni ; latrones loquor immitissimos, sub usurpato nomine pastoruni, et dignitates et prajbendas, et parocliias et monasteria, vastitate liostili in hunc eventum pervasuros. Itaque cum liorrore summe lamentabili frustratur et victoria belli, et pro quo bellum initur, salus populi. Quseso cernatur si alioquin liic intercidit ambigendi possi- bilitas ? Cap. XLIV. QlwcI duces ecclesice hostibus ccclesicti continue repucj^ nent, tameii melius sub onoderamine, posthac ad- juncto, cevte seipsos hiipensuri pro animabus incunctanter, quotiens ah animaruTn 'peremp- torihus animabus pcvimendAs instituitur. Num ista idcirco scripserim, ut persuadeam ecclesise The rules propugnatoribus mentium quamlibet diffidentia vel pj^y^ch desperatione pusillanimi dextras dare persecutoribus must be ecclesisG ? Absit a me in sempiternura tam detes- ^^' djiifgere, MSs 48G ADyE DE MARISCO tabilis insania ! Est namque necessitas inevitabilis, ut ecclesise duces hostibus ecclesiic virtute potenti patentis controversiee continue resistendo contradicant, et contradicendo resistant. Sed melius nonnunrj^uam hoc fiet, ut video, sub dispensativo moderamine quod in simplicitate mea, sicut restimo, ex Scriptui'cB tarn doctrinis quam exemplis, ad vestrani jussionem ausus sura armectere. Suprascriptis sane perpetim intel- lecto quideni ad indefessam strenuitatem opportunai promptitudinis Redemptoii aniinarum, animarum rec- tores obligatissime constringuntur, ut liberandis anima- bus proprias animas mortalis vitaj quibuscunque clis- criminibus incunctata soUicitudine festinent exponere, quotiens interpretores animarum animarum perva- sionibus comperiuntur imminere. Cap. XLY. Dg quadripavtito moderamine diligentico vigilan- tioris adhibendo per scape dictum archiprcvsulem contra supradictam tnodernarum tribulationum twrbamina pro peviclitantis ecclesm liherailone. What kind His igitur ab insufHcientia mea ut fieri valet soUi- tioirr*^-^*^^' cite propositis, consultum milii fore videtur, in tanto quired of tali quam ancipiti causarum infBstimabilium certamine, ^""' ut ante omnia per provisivam sanctitatis vestra? vigilan- tiam recuiTatur ad efficacissima continuai-um orationum pra^sidia, secimdum illud prophetiB [Joel i.] : "Accingite " vos, et plaagite, sacerdotes; ululate, ministri altaris; " ingredimini, cubate in saceo, ministri Dei mei : '■ quoniam interiit de domo Dei vestri sacrificium et " libatio! Sanctificate jejunium, vocate ccetura, congre- " gate senes, et omnes habitatores terrae, in domum " Dei nostri, et clamate ad Dominum. Ah, ah, ah, " diei ! quia prope est dies Domini, et quasi vastitas " a potente veniet." Nonne, orante Moyse, per virtutem EPISTOL^. 487 divinani devictus est Aiiialecli iih Ismelc ? [Exod. xvii.] (1.) Noime, oiante Ezechia, per angelicuiu praBsidiuni l^ercussis de Assyriorum exercitu clxxxv. luillia, Sen- nacherib a Judiua exterminatu.s est ? [Isaiju xxxvii.] (2.) Deinde nt modis congruentibiis per insignem pietatis vestnD prudentiam excietur doniinns Cantnariensis, cum suis sufFraganeis, quos opprimiint, assidvie gementes et plangentes indesinenter, prsefata molestium vexationum pondera, Si forte constipatis bellicaruni acierum agmi- nibns, jiixta quod gloriosius inclioatiim est, cimi adlmc in carne viveret, ad lioc salutari vigilantia laborans sanctaj recordationis dominus Robertiis, quoiidaia Lin- colniensis episcopus, corde uno et anima una, sub con- cordi vincendi fiducia una vobiscum proelientur proelia Domini. Annon Abrain, cpesurus quatuor reges impios, ad roborandum expeditionem accepit in socios Aner, Escol, et Mambre? [Gen. xiv.] Annon rex Israelis, per Dei voluntatem expugnaturus Moab inimicantem Deo, sibi in adjutorium associavit regem Juda et re- gem Edom? [iv. Reg. iii.] (3.) Postea ut apud regiam majestatem de commimis assensus mianimi cliligentia, prtemissis et admonitionibus et eruditionibus et obse- crationibus, satagatur, etiam prsestationibus, si forte ad dementia) mansuetudinem inclinetur, per divinam Illius operationem, cle quo dicitur [Prov. xxi.] : " Sicut " ductiones aquarum, ita cor regis in manu Domini : " quocmique voluerit inclinabit illud/' Rex evangeli- cus iturus committere bellum adversus alium regem, priusquain procedat ad confligendum securus cogitat quid facto opus sit ; et si evidenter emineat de bellico conflictu periculosior eventus, rogat ea quae pacis sunt [Luc. xiv.] Numquid non patriarcha Jacob, reversus in patriam, Esau fratris ssevitiam decrevit copiosis mmieribus esse placandam ? [Gen. xxxii.] Numquid non rex Juda et de templo et de palatio amplis pre- ciosorum munerum largitionibus regem Syrite avertit ab oppugnatione Jerusalem ? [iv. Reg. xii.] (4.) Denique^ "488 AD^ DE aiARISCO licet venerandus cactus cardinalium prselatorum Anglise nec immerito redargiiat ecclesia, ecclesise prsedicta gra- vamina et alia nonnulla conniv^entiam, immo desi- diam, modis omnibus expedire videtur, secundmii quod congruere judicabitur, per nuncios ad hoc sufficientia instructos affluenti summam Apostolicse Sedis Aucto- ritatem interpellare sine morse dispendio, sicut alio- quin, licet adhuc minus efficaciter, factum est, ut per sanctissimse papalis excellentise prudentiam contra jam induratas horribilium errorum afflictiones quamvis du- dum statuta denuo jura statuat, et per applicatam protectionem in id ipsum manus prselatorum roborare dignetur. Stupendus est adraodum si quis in tanto geminre dilectionis erga divinam Majestatem et eccle- siasticam necessitatem negotio, quancunque licet ubi- cunque prosequendo causetur vel laborum difficultatem, vel nimietatem sumptuum, dicente Domino [Ap. i.], " qui dilexit nos, et lavit nos peccatis nostris in san- *' guine suo : " [Mattli. xi.] " Venite ad me omnes, qui " laboratis et onerati estis, et ego reficiam vos." Et iterum [Cant, viii.] : " Si dederit homo omnem sub- " tantiam domus aivde," pro dilectione quasi nihil de- spiciet earn. Cap. XLVI. Qualiter agere incumihit swpe scripto arcliiepiscopo si dejiciat omuls humanco considcratlonis secun- dum formas jam dlctas sancta moderatlo. How he is Quod si deficiat oratio ecclesise Dei reformand?e, se- ai/faii^ ^'* cundum formas nunc dictas, provide superspectionis sancta sollicitudo, (juid nunc restare dignoscitur, nisi ut omnipotenti Sapientite, superclementi Providentire com- mittendo, qute tam beatifiei amoris tam sollicito amore, tam condigne formidantur sub patrocinio divino, per angelicmn pr^sidiinn cum sanctorum adjutorio, in suf- EPISTOL^. 489 fragio sacramentorum, arcliiprresulis vestri, qiicm ad mortalium societatem virtus solitaria contra diros hostes ecclesice dura subeat certamiiia per patientiie longanimis indefensam constantiam. Solus Salvator principatum liujus mundi superatum exterminavit, per quera solum Salvatorem solus Helyas Samariam, solus EEseus Syriam, solus Petrus circumcisionem, solus Paulus preeputium, solus Thomas Angliam, et sic ceteri innumerabiles coelestis regni propugnatores soli, sc. sine collegisj certaminum immanissimas sseculi tyran- nides nonnunquam triumphaliter oppugnasse cognos- cuntur. Cap. XLVII. Fiaalls terininus epistola'. Consideret, obsecro, dignitatis vestrrp sublimis intel- Conclusion. ligentia, priusquam aut admittantur aut abjiciantur, utrum hfec verba hoc loco referri debeant vel ad 1 a- cessentem ignaviam vel ad industriam prospicien- tem. Propter semetij)sura doceat nos de omnibus Dei Filius Magister, utrum ^ unus Chiistus, per Spiritum Sanctum suum docens omnem veritatem, ut ambulan- tes in lumine Ipsius per vitfe pra^sentis umbrosam cali- ginem perseveranter in omnibus j^rudenter discernendo, agendo fortiter, temperanter cohibendo, distribuendo eequaliterj omnia perpetue referatis ad illum finem, ubi est Deus omnia in omnibus, roternitate certa ct pace perfecta ; per cujus altissimam miserationem conservetur ecclesige suse per tempora diutiU'na desiderandissima sanctitatis vestrse sospitas in Christo Jesu semper et beatissima Viro-ine. Amen. ' cxpuncted, and " omnium '* written oref, but in a later hand. PRIMA FUNDATIO ERATEUM MINORUM LONDONIi^. Prima Fundatio Fratru]\[ Minorum Londonle.^ Anno Domini m.ccxxiv., tempore Honorii Papn^- a.d. 12-24. III. xvii., quo sc. [anno] confirmata est regula beati Foundation Francisci ; insuper et anno ill[ustrissimi] regis Henrici Friars III. octavo, ipso beatissimo patre nostro Francisco Minors in adhuc vi[vente] in carne, feria ii, post finem nativi- tatis Yirginis gloriosfB Marias, qu[fe in] illo anno fuit die Dominica, applicuermit, [et] intraverimt primo fratres [minores] in Angliam apud Dovariam, scilicet iv. clerici et V. laici. De qnibus [quinque] relictis Cantiiaria;', con- struxerunt ibi primum conventum fratrum minorum in Ang[lia]. Alii vero qiiatuor; scilicet frater Ricardus Yng- worth, natione Anglicus, sacerdos et prredicator ; ii. frater Ricardus Devoniensis, clericus Anglicus, ordinis acolytus, aetate juvenis ; iii. fi-ater Henricus Detrenizo, natione Lumbardus, laicus ; iv. frater Monacatus, e[tiam] laicus ; cum venissent ad civitatem Londonise divei-terunt se ad fi'atres prsedicatores, et ab eis benigne suscepti, man- serunt apud eos, edentes et bibentes sicut familiares, per XV. dies, qu?e apponebantiu" eis. Postea condux- erunt sibi per amicos spirituales domum quandam in Cornhyll a Johanne Travers, tunc vicecomite Londonia?, et constituermit eis in ea parvas cellulas, quas inhabi- tabant usque ad pestatem sequentem ; perduraverunt ' This account is taken from an ancient Register of tlie Friars Minors in London, now preserved in the Cotton Library, Vitellius F. XII. The MS. is on paper, in a hand of the fifteenth century ; and is the only one of the kind ex- tant, as far as I can discover. A portion of it was translated by Stevens and published in his con- tinuation to Dugdale, vol. i. p. 112 ; but the names were greatly dis- figured. The MS. has been much burnt in the disastrous Fire, M'hich destroyed so many precious monu- ments in this invaluable Collection. - PapcE blotted our, and Episcopi inserted in its place. 494 PRIMA FUNDATIO A.D. 1224. quoque in ipsa^ simplicitate sine cantaria, quia necdum privilegium habebant erigendi altaria et celebrandi in locis suis divina. Quo tempore crevit erga eos civium devotio et fratrum multitiido. Et eapropter transtulit eos civitas de loco illo parvo et stiicto ad locmn habitum in parochia sancti Nicliolai de Macellis ; qui ^ eum appropriavit communitati civitatis Londoniee. Fra- tribus autem, secundum i-egidse declarationem, usum simplicem per libitum dominorum devotissime desig- navit Johannes Iwyn, civis et mercer Londonise. Qui cito post ordinem intravit laici,^ et perfectissimse poeni- tentise et supernas devotionis cunctis iidelibus exempla reliquit. Anno nono regis Henrici III. Tunc Ricardus Renger maior Londonise ; dominus Johannes Travers, Andrea Bokerell, vicecomites. '' Sciatis prsesentes et futuri quod ego Johannes '' Iwyn, civis et mercer Londonife, dedi, concessi, et " hac prassenti carta mea confirmavi communitati Lon- '' doniie, pro salute animte meoe, in puram et perpetuara " eleemosynam, totam terram,^ et cum domibus superre- " dificatis, quas habui in parochia sancti Nicliolai de " Macellis, ad inhospitandum .... pauperes fratres " minorum, quamdiu voluerint ibi esse, habendum et " tenendum dictam [ter]ram, cum pertinentibus suis, '' dictce com^mimitati, et suis assignatis tanquam suis, " libere, bene, quiete, et in pace in perpetuum, salvo* " servitio capitaUum feodi. Et ego [supra]dictus Jo- '' hamies Iwyn, et h^eredes mei, warrantizabimus et " defendimus dictse communitati Londonise, et assig- " natis suis, prsedictam terram, cum omnibas perti- " nentiis suis, con[tra] omnes homines et foeminas, et " illud acquietabimus per prtedicta servitia. Et ut hfec " omnia praenotata et firma permaneant, huic cartse " siglllum meum apposui. His testiljus : Ric. Renger " tunc maior ; Johanne Travers et Andrea Brokerell ' ipso, MS. I ^ tarram, ]MS. 2 Sic, I ' MS. suhe. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONIiE. 4D5 '' tunc vicecomitibns ; Willielmo Duke, aldermano ill ius ^I^- 122c. " wardce;' Willielmo filio Benedicti ; Willielmo Petro " Fitzalyn ; et aliis." Amio regni regis superius 10°. Ricardus Renger time maior; Rogerus Duke et Martinus Fitzwillielnii vicecomites." Hoc anno concessa et ratificata sunt per regem privilegia civitati Londonice, et concessum est eis ut pos- sint habere sigillum commune. Eodem anno veiiit frater Angnellus, qui fuerat primus minister fratrum minorum in Anglia, Londonias, qui suis Sanctis monitis et gratiosis exemplis plures, tam senes quam juvenes, liortatus ad religionis ingressum ; de quibus aliqni secu- turi, scilicet frater Gilbertus de Wyke, frater Philippus de Londonia, fi-ater Jocius de Cornhyll, optima3 ^ indolis adolescens, frater Johannes, scriptor optima^ conversa- tionis, frater Walterus de Burgo, venerabilis vir, frater Ricardus Normannns, et midti alii, tam viri ecclesiastici quam alii militaris honoris. Eodem anno beatissimus pater noster Franciscus sacris stigmatibiis insignitus, huic srecido nequam valefaciens migravit ad Christum, anno a conversione sua xxiv., die [quarto] mensis Oe- tobris, anno Domini M.ccxxvi., et secimdo anno post introitnm fratrum ininoriun in Angliam. Tunc Ricardus Renger maior; Rogerus Duke, Mar- tinus Fitzwillielmi, vicecomites. Secundus vero, qui misericordiam amplia^dt,* dando communitati civitatis Londonias pro inhabitatione fra- trum minorum totam terram suam, quam habuit in Stynghynglane, erat Jocius Fitzpiers, quondam vice- comes et aldermanus ejusdem civitatis, pro sakite animre sufie et antecessorum suorum ; totam aream eorum ampliavit, conferendo eis totam terram suam, quam tunc habuit in Styngkynglane ; tempore quo Rogerus Duke u-ardo, MS. I ' optimis, MS. ' vicecomiktfes, MS. I * appavif, MS. 496 PRIMA FUNDATIO De sancto Audoeno. De sancto Sepulcbro A.D. 1228. fait maior Londonise, Stephanus Bokerell et Hen[iiciis] Cobham fuerunt vicecomites. Anno 12° Henri ci III. Et nota quod ista terra p[r?edicta] extendit ad niurum civitatis versus aquilonem, ut in carta ejus plane exprimitur. Tertius,^ veneranda commimitas civitatis LondoniaB emit de Petro de Gruncestre totam terram quam habuit in parochia sancti Audoeni pro ampliatione areae fra- trmn rainorum, et solvit communitas pro eadem sex marcas argenti. Tunc Ricardus Renger maior; Jolianne de Whyhale et Johamie de Cowndre vicecomitibus. Anno Henrici III. 23°. Quartus, Arnulplius Monk, et Johannes filius ejus, dederunt communitati civitatis Londoniee ad hospitan- dum fratres minoi-um, totam terram quam habuerunt in parochia sancti Sepulchri ; quee terra fuerit quondam Amulphi ^ dicti monachi, patris eorum ; et extendit se dicta terra versus aquilonem usque ad murum civitatis ; et dedit communitas antedicta xxx. marcas pro eadem terra. Tmic Rogerus de Bongey maior ; ^ Johanne "* Fitzjohn et Radulpho Assliwy vicecomitibus. Anno Henrici III. 24°. Honoranda^ communitas civitatis Londonice emit, pro inhabitatione fratrum minorum ejusdem civitatis, de Adam Garston et Emma uxore ejus, et Isabella sorore ejusdem Isabellse filiee Radulfi Stanmor, cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, in parochia sancti Sepulchri intra Newgate ; et extendit se ten*a ista a parte aquilonari usque ad murum civitatis ; et solvent communitas prse- dicta pro priedictis marcas [xx.] sterhngorum. De sancto Sepulchre ' Tertius, Philippus le Taylor, MS. Subsequently the name was cancelled. - Aniiilplivs, MS. ^ The Author had -written, " Dnu Radulpho Esicy maiur Loml," and afterwards struck out these words. ^ Johannes, MS. ' Honorandas, MS. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONLE. 497 Tunc Roger de Bongey maior ; Johannes Fitzjolin a.d. 1242. et [Ra]dulfo Asshwy vicecomitibus. Anno Heniici III. Nicolaus films Jocii filii Fitzpiers dedit communi- tati civitatis Londonise et quietum clamavit xii. d. annul redditus, quos percipere debuit [et] de tenemento Cecili«3 Baytayle in Stynghynglane. Tunc Roger Fitzroger maior ; Radulfo Hardell, Jo- hanne ^ Tholosano vicecomitibus Anno Henrici III. 34». David Draper dedit communitati civitatis Londonise pro inhabitatione fratrum minorum vi, d. annui reddi- tus, quos percipere solebat de terra et doiuibus, [qu]ie fuerunt Radulphi Stanmor, in parochia sancti Sepulcliri intra Newgate. Tunc Roger Fitzroger maior ; Radulplio Hardell et Johanne Tholosano vicecomitibus. Anno Heni-ici III. 34°. Johannes Coferer, aurifaber Londoniae, dedit et con- cessit communitati civitatis LondonifB, ad hospitandum fratres minorum, totam terram suam, cum domibus supersedificatis, et omnibus pertinentiis suis, quam tenuit de priorissa sanctse Helente, et conventu ejusdem, in Styngkynglane ; et dedit pra^dicta communitas ante- dicto Johanni x marcas. Tunc Adam Basyng maior ; Laurentius Frowyke et Parochia _ Nicolao Batte vicecomitibus. Anno Henrici III. 36°. S-Nicholai. Johannes prsedictus dedit, ad inhabitationem fratrum minorum, communitati civitatis Londonise totam terram quam habuit in parochia sancti Nicolai, cum arboribus inibi plantatis, et dedit sibi prsedicta duas argenti. ^ Time Adam Bassyng maior Londonise ; Lam-entio Frowyke et Nicolao Bate vicecomitibus. Aimo Hen- rici III. 36". ' Johannes. MS. ' ^ Sic. I I 498 PRIMA FUNDATIO A.D. 1252, Galfridus filius Nicolai de Norwyco dedit totam Parochia terrain suam, quam liabuit in parocliia sancti Audoeni, Sti. Au- communitati civitatis Londonias, pro inliabitatione fra- trum minorum ; et dedit predicta communitas ^ eidem Galfrido v. marcas sterlingorum. Tunc Johannes Tliolosano maior ; Willielmo Durham, Thome ^ Wynborne vicecomitibus. Anno Henrici III. 87°. In parochia Hugo de TuiTe, et Theophania uxor ejus, dederunt S.Nicholai. communitati civitatis Londoniiie totam terram suam, cum domibus pertinentiis, quas habuerunt in Styng- hynglane, in parocliia sancti Nicholai de Macellis, pro inhabitatione fratrum minorum Londonism, et pro hac datione dedit prtedicta communitas prtedictis Hugo[ni] et Theophanise xv. marcas cum dimidio. Tmic Willielmus ^ Fitzrichard maior ; Johannes ^ N[orhampton] et E,ic. Pycard vicecomitibus. Anno Henrici III. 46°. Clerkyn- Margei'ia priorissa de ClerkynweUe, et conventus ejus, sanc/r '^^^ de[derunt et] quietum clamaverunt communitati civi- Niehoiai. tatis Loiidonieg iii. sol. annui redditus, quos percipere solebant de terra, domibus, et pertinentiis in parocliia sancti Nicholai de Macellis, in venella quse vocatur Styngkynglane, quse fuerit quondam Alexandri Lor- bart ; et pr^edicta communitas dedit pro hac fi[naU] venditione et quieta clamatione xP sterlingorum. Tunc Willi [elmus Fitz] Richard maior; Johannes Norhampton et Ricardus Pycard vicecomites. Anno Hen. III. [46°]. De lialy- Juliana priorissa de HalyweUe et conventus unanimi "^*^^- assensu dederunt communitati civitatis Londonise, in usus frati'um minorum, xii. solidos annui hberi et quieti redditus, quos percipere solebant de domo, quam in- habitabat Hue-o de Latowr. ' ejusdem, MS. - WilUclmi, MS., and such bluu- ders are frequent. Sic. FEATRUM MINORUM LONDONI.E. 499 Tunc maior anno superius et anno regni superius. A.D. 12gi. Bartholomgeus Capellanus, magister hospitalis sancti iiospitalis Bartholomsei London!^, et ejusdem loci fratres, dederunt ^^"^'' ^^\' .. ,. -r T • • f» . tholomcci in communitati Londonife, m usus iratvum minorum, li. parociiia solidos annul liberi et quieti redditus, quos liabu- '^* ^^^^^^^^ erunt de testamento et dono Alexandri Aurimallera- teri, et quos idem Alexander percipere solebat de quadam placea terrae, in \aco qui vocatur Styncjhyng^ lane, in parociiia sancti Nicliolai de Macellis. Tuac Willielmus Fitzricliard maior ; et Johannes Norhampton et Kic. Pj^card vicecomites. Anno regni superius. Gilbertus j)rior et conventus sancti Bartholomsei de Conventus Smythfelde dedit annul liberi et quietum redditum ix. p- i^^rt|io- s.ol., quos percipere consueverunt de tenement© in Smythfeld. parochla sancti Audoeni infra Newgate, viz. de tene- mento quondam E-ogeri de Beverlaco vil. sol., et de terra in cornerio vici fratrum quondam Petri Alictarii ii. sol. Tunc Willielmus Fitzricliard maior ; Johannes Nor- hamton et Bicardus Pycard vicecomites. Anno regni superius. Domin[a] Ela Longspe comitissa Warwycy dedit com- munitati civitatis [Londonise], pro salute animee suse et antecessorum suorum, in puram et perpetuam elee- mosynam [terram] totam suam, cum domibus supersedi- ficatis, et cum omnibus pei-tinentiis suis, ad [hospijtan- dum fratres minores ; quae viz. ten-a jacet juxta vicum, qui quondam vocabatur [Stylngkynglane, in parochia sancti Nicholai de Macellis. Tunc Willielmi ^ Fitzrichard maior ; Johannes Nor- hamton et Bicardus Pycard vicecomites. Anno Henrici III. 51. [J]ohannes Colchister dedit communitati civitatis Londonise, ad ampliandum [are]am fratrum minorum, in puram et perpetuam eleemosynam totum mesuagium, 'Sic. I I 2 500 PRIMA FUNDATIO A.D. 1278. [c]um omnibus pertinentiis suis, quod emit de Alicia filia Cliristinffi de Yalacenes, quae est in venella sancti Nicliolai juxta Macellum. Tunc Gregorius Rokysley maior ; Robertus Basyng et Willielmus Maserey vicecomites. Anno Edwardi Primi 7°. Thomas de Storteforde, clericus, dedit communitati LondoniiB, ad ampliationem terrse fratrum minorum, to- tum tenementum quod babuit de Johanne Nortbawe, in venella sancti Nicbolai juxta Macellum. Tunc Hem-ico Waleys maior ; Willielmo Maserey et Ricardo Cbykewell vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 10°. Dominus Willielmus de Bromtoun, clericus, dedit, in ampliationem terrae fratrum minoram, communitati Londonia3 totum tenementum, quod emit a Jobanne Lecbefeld alictario, et Matilda Gerveyse uxore ejus. Tunc Henrico Waleys maior ; Willielmo Maserey et Ricardo Cbj'kewell vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi I. 10". Parochia Domina Ela Longspe comitissa Warwycy dedit com- S. Nicholai. niunitati Londoni?e, ad bospitandum fratres minores, pro salute animpe su?e et antecessorum suorimi, in puram et perpetuam eleemosynam, totam terram suam, cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, quam emit de Ricardo filio Nicbolai de sancto Albano, in villa Londonije, juxta vi- culum qui quandoque vocabatur Styngkynglane, in parocliia sancti Nicbolai. Tunc Henricus Waleys maior ; Willielmus Maserey et Ricardus CbykeweU vicecomites. Anno Edwardi Primi lO'', 11°. Conv. de Domina Cbristina de Kent, priorissa de Halywelle, llalywelle g^ couveutus, dederunt communitati Londonise xx. sol. in parochia S. Nicliolai. annul redditus, quos percipere solebant de terra, quam Cbristina de Pelbam dedit communitati Londonise ad ampliandum locum fratrum minorum ; et xii. sol. annul redditus de terra in eadera parocliia et venella sancti FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONIiE. 501 Nicholai, quondam Johannis Northawe ; et coniinniiita.s A.D. 1283. antedicta dedit priorissae et conventui dc Halywell xix. marcas sterlingorum. Tunc Heiu'icus Waleys maior ; Jordan[us Bortliorp] et Martinus Box vicecomites. Anno Edwardi Primi 12". Domina Agnes de Marisse, priorissa de Clerkynwellc, ciarkyn- fet conventiis.l dederunt communitati Londonise viii. sol. "^^'^'^*''; . „ • 1 -iTi • r-ii -., parochia S. VI. d. annul redditus, quos percipere [sole bant] de teiTa Nicholai. et domibus in parochia sancti Nicliolai de Macellis, in vico qui [dicitur] Styngkynglane, (juam Nicholaus Leconvers, aurifaber, vendidit Th[om?e] de AVodhay ; et communitas dedit priorissie et conventui v. marcas sterlin[gorum]. Tunc Gregorius Rokesle maior ; Radulfo San[dy well] secunda parte ; Steplianus Cornhull et Robertus Ro- kesle vicecomites. Anno Edwardi Prim[i 13°.] Eadem domina redemit vii. sol. annul redditus, quos ITospitilis magister hospitalis sancti Jacobi prope Westmonasterium J'^<=°'^'- solebat habere, de qua fratres minores nimc inhabi- tantes, quam ten-a dicta comitissa ejus ' ad opus dicto- rum fratrum [dedit] hospitandum. Tunc Henricus Waleys maior ; Willielmus Maserey et R[obertus] Chykewell vicecomites. Anno Edwardi I. 11*». Philippus le Talor dedit et concessit communitati ci- In parochia vitatis Londonife, pro salute animse suse et antecessorum suorum, pro inhabitatione fratrum minorum, in purani et perpetuam eleemosynam, totam terrain suam, cum do- mibus supersedificatis et aliis pertmentiis suis, jacentem in venella sancti Nicholai de Macellis Londonise, in ea- dem parochia, inter murum ejusdem ci vitatis ad aqui- lonem. Tunc Dominus Gregorius de Rockesle et Radulfus ' Sic. Some great confusion exists here in the MS. 502 PRIMA FUNDATIO A.D. 1285. Sandwych maiores ; Stephanus Cornlmll et Robert! Kokesle vicecomites. Anno Edwardi I. 13°. In parochia Alicia relicta Johannis Nortliawe, aurifal Jii Londonise, S.Nicholai. ^Q^^ comniunitati, pro ampliatione areas fratrum mino- rum, totum jus quod habuit in qnodam tenemento in venella sancti Nicholai juxta Macellum, in civitate Londoniae, quod sibi successit post mortem dicti Jo- hannis, viri sui. Tunc Johannes Breton, Radulfas Sandwych maiores ; "Walterus Blount et Johannes Warde vicecomites. Anno Edwardi Primi 14°. Inparocliia Beatrix relicta Rogeri de Feschampe dedit communi- S. Nicholai. ^g^^j Londonise, pro inhabitatione fratrum minorum, to- tum jus quod habuit in quodam tenemento in venella sancti Nicholai ; quod quidem tenementum suum erat inter murum civitatis versus aquilonem, et ceetera. Tunc Radulfus Sandewych maior ; Willielmus Her- ford et Thome Stanes vicecomites. Anno Edwardi Primi 16°. Inparochia [G]alfridus de Bocham dedit communitati civitatis S. Nicholai. t i ' j vi r i £. ± Londoniae, ad ampliandum [areamj fratrum minorum, totam teiTam suam, cum domibus superaedificatis, et om- nibus aliis [pert]inentiis, quae emit de Cluistina relicta quondam Gilberti Grey, in parochia sancti Nicholai ; et communitas antedicta dedit praedicto Galfrido pro praedicta terra xvi. marcas sterlingorum. Tunc domino Raduhb Sandwyco, milite, maior ; Thome Romayne et Willielmo de Leyre vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 19°. Adam de Fulham, civis Londoniae, dedit et concessit communitati, ad ampliandum aream fratnim minonim, totam teiTam suam, cum domibus superaedificatis et aliis pertinentiis, quam emit et habuit, in veneUa sancti Nicholai juxta Macellum Londoniae de Reginaldo Mu- lurus^ clerico. > Sic. Mullinero? FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONliE. 503 Time domino Radulfo Sandwyco, milite, maior; Ra- A.D. i2'J2. diilfo Blo[n]nt et Hamundo Box [vicecomitibus]. An- no Edwardi I. 20°. Rector ecclesire sancti Nicliolai ad Macellum, et pa- rocliiani ejus parochife, dederunt et quietum clama- veiTint communitati Londonire iv. sol. annvTi redditus de quodam tenemento Gervasii Pelliam, in parochia sancti Nicholai, quod quidem tenementum fratribus minoribus a prsGdicta communitate concessum est ad eorum aream ampliandam ; et dedit communitas eidem rectori et parochianis xl. sol. sterlingorum pro prsedicto. Tunc domino Radulfo Sandwyco maior ; Hem-ico le BoUe et Elias Russell vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 21'^. Alexander le Potter, filius et lia?res Henrici le Pot- in parochia ter, dedit commiuiitati ci"sdtatis Londonias pro inhabita- S. Nicholai. tione fratrum minorum, totum jus et [quietum] cla- mavit, quod habuit in tenemento et area in venella sancti Nicholai juxta Macellum. Tunc Johannes Breton maior Londoniae ; Hem-ico Box et Ricardo Gloucestre vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 23". Et nota quod bonda hujus terrae versus aquilonem est murus civitatis. Egidius [de] Auderuco dedit illustri dominse, dominae In parochia Margaretse reginae Anglice, totam terram suam, cum ' ^'^ ^^^' domibus et pertinentiis suis, ad ampliandum aream fratrum minorum, quam habuit a magistro Roberto Roos, in civitate Londoniae, in parochia sancti Nicholai de Macellis, pro qua terra dedit domina regina prae- dicta Ix. marcas sterlingorum. Tunc dominus Johannes le Blound maior ; Roberto Caller et Pers Boseho vicecomitibus. Amio Edwardi Primi 30". Domina Dionisia de Monte Caniso, executrix domini In parochia Willielmi de Monte Caniso, dedit totum tenementum, cum domibus superaedificatis et cum pertinentiis, qute prsedictus dominus Willielmus habuit in parochia sancti 504 PRIMA FUNDATIO A.D. 1301. Nicliolai de Macellis, ad locum fratriim minorum am- pliandum. Tunc dominus Johannes le Blound maior ; Roberto Caller et Pers Boseho vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 30°. ..tuscivitatis Exccutores Heiirici le Gales per viam escambii . ... nunc de . .. . ii-m •• . . . . othwerke emerunt fvi. sol.] annul et quieti redditus, debiti priori de Clar- ^ -■ ... . _, kynweiie. et prioratui SanctfB Trimtatis de [LondoniaJ. Execu- tores ejusdem Hemici dederunt prioii sanctpe Marise de S[outliwerke] viii. sol. vi. d. amiui et quieti redditus, et prsedictus prior cum conventu [dederunt] communitati civitatis Londonise pro fratribus minoribus, in escam- bium viii. sol. vi. d. [annul] redditus. Executores ejus- dem dederunt et concesserunt priorissae de [Cler]kynwell XV. sol. ii. d. Tunc dominus Joliannes Blount maior, miles ; Hu- gone [Pount] et Simone de Parys vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 31°. De Clar- Denariatas ^ de tenemento Tllomse Brancliester et parochia^'^ ipsa priorissa de Clerkynwell, et conventus, per viam S.Nicholai. escambii, dimiserunt communitati Londonise pro fra- tribus minoribus xvii. sol. vi. d. annul redditus, quos consueverunt percipere de tenemento Gervasii de Pelham, quod tenuit in parochia sancti Nicliolai, vi. sol. v. d. et xi. sol. vi. d. de tenemento quod dominus Johannes de Garderoba tenuit in eodem vico. Tunc dominus Johannes Blount maior, miles ; Hii- gone Pount et Simone de Parys vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 31°. Alianora de Ewelle dedit illustrissimpe dominse, domi- nai Margaretpe Dei gratia reginre Angli?e, et commu- nitati civitatis Londonise, ad ampliandam aream fratrum minorum, totum tenementum suum, cum domibus su- persedificatis, in parochia sancti Nicholai de Macellis. Dedit insuper eidem illustrissim?e dominse et commu- ' debi, MS. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONIiE. 505 nitati Londonif© viii. sol. annui redclitus, quos percipere A.D. 1303. solebat cle quadam placea terrse, quam Johannes de Lyndesey tenuit de dono et fefFamento suo. Tunc dominus Johannes Blount, miles, maior ; Wil- lielmo Combarnartyn et Johannes de Burford vice- comitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 32°. Willielmus Moday, aurifaber, dedit communitati civi- Inparochia tatis LondonifB, pro inhabitatione fratrum minorum, * ^° ' totum tenementum suum, cum pertinentiis suis, quod habviit in parochia sancti Nicholai. Tmic Johannes Blount maior ; Willielmo Cosyn et Reginaldo de Tunderley vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 3^". Domina Johanna priorissa de Clerkynwell, et conven- Conven- tus, dedit commmiitati Londonise ii. sol. vi. d. annui li- ^"^^*^ jj '"" beri et quieti redditus, quos percipere solebant de terra in parochia Willielmi Moday, aurifabri, in parochia sancti Nicholai ' ^^ °^*' de Macellis, in venella [dic]ta venella sancti Nicholai; et dedit preedicta communitas priorissse et conventui XXV sol. sterlingorum pro annuo redditu prfedicto. Tunc Johannes Blount maior ; Galfrido Coudyre et Simone Belet vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi Primi 35". Honorabilis communitas civitatis Londoniae, pro inlia- bitatione fratrum minorum, emit a E-oberto Denny de Saunford, filio Thom?e Denny et Joharmae uxoris suae, annuum et quietwni redditum xx. sol. annui et liberi redditus, quos percipere solebant amiuatim de placea terrae, quam quidem tenuit Wilhelmus Moday, in pa- rochia sancti Nicholai ; quam quidem placeam occupant fratres minores ; et solvit praedicta commimitas pro hac remissione summam pecuniae prae manibus. Item veneranda commiuiitas civitatis Londoniae emit a capel- lano et decano sancti Martini Magni Londoniae iv sol. annui redditus, quos percipere solebant, in civitate Lon- doniae, in parocliia sancti Nicholai de Macelhs, de area quondam Michaelis de sancto Albano, et solvit pro eodem redditu iii. marcas et dimidium. 606 PEIMA FUNDATIO A.D, 1311. Eadem communitas emit a priore sancti Bartholo- S.Bartho- ^^^ et conventus de Smytlifelde vii. sol. annul redditus, lomsci. quos percipere solebant in eadem eivitate, in parochia sancti Nicholai de Macellis, de area Michaelis de sancto Albano ; et solvit prsedicta communitas v. mar- cas sterlingorum. Tunc eorum sigillo communis Johannes Sysors maior ; Simone Merewortli et Ricardo Welford viceco- mitibus. Anno Edwardi II. 5°. Decanus Willielmus de Melton, decanus ecclesise sancti Mar- Maniiii in ^^^ Magni, et ejusdem loci capitulum, de communi parochia eorum consensu concesserunt, remiserunt, et omnino in ■ ' * ' perpetuum quietum clamaverunt communitati civitatis Londonise quandam placeam terrse, longitudine triginta pedum et latitudine viginti duorum pedum, de pedibus sancti Pauli. Jacet in parochia sanctse Annse. Tunc Nicholao Faryngdon [tunc] maior ; Roberto Burden et Hugone Garton vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi II. 7". Hospitalis Amici spirituales fratrum minorum Londonise, a fratre Johanne Attennstone, magistro hospitalis sancti Jacobi extra Londoniam, et fratribus et sororibus ejusdem loci, viii. sol. quieti ac annul redditus, quos percipere solebant de quadam area juxta vicum regium, juxta Newgate versus austrum, quam fratres tenent et occupant de voluntate eorum et d. . . . Tunc eorum communi sigiUo. Anno Edwardi II. 10". Tunc Johanne Wengrave maior ; Radulfus Balaun- cer et Willielmus Causton vicecomites. In parochia Illustrissima domina, domina Isabella regina Angliae, ic o ai. j^f^^gj. i-egis Edwardi Tertii post Conquestum, dedlt pro anima sua et antecessorum et haeredum suorum, fra- tribus minoribus civitatis Londonise duo mesuagia, cum suls pertinentiis, in elargationem mansi dictorum . . . jEratrum, quse habuit de Nicholao Faryngdon et Johanne Sic. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONIiE. 507 Bocton, civium et aurifabrorum, situata in parocliia A.D, 1351. sancti Nicliolai, et [liic fundus] a parte aquilonari ter- minatur ad niui'um civitatis. Tunc Adam Frawnces maior ; Jolianne Peclie et Jo- hanne Studley vicecomitibus. Anno Edwardi III. 23°[?] Eadem illustrissima domina dedit ad tenenientum, quod habuit de dono et feffamento Johannis de Reff- ham et Edmundi de Norwyco, civi[bus] Londonise, situ- atum in parocliia sancti Nicliolai, cum omnibus perti- nentiis suis, in elargationem mansi fratrum minoiTim ejusdem civitatis. Tunc maior superius. Anno regni Edwardi III. 27". 508 PRIMA FUNDATIO II. Prima Fundatio EcclesicG Ftxitrum Minorum Londoniis. Foundation IxpRiMis capellam, qnse postmodum facta est magna church. P^i'S chori, coiistruxit eis dominus Willielmus Joyner, et ad alias domos construendas donavit per vices ex- pensarum cc. libras sterlingorum. Navim ecclesife construxit magnis sumptibus domi- nus Henricus de Galis, maior Londoniae ;^ et per multos annos redditus, quos fratres solvebant diversis domibus aliqnorum religiosorum, redemit, et fratres de illis reddi- tibus deoneravit ; cujus memoria in benedictione sit seterna. Amen. Capitiilum eis constinixit dominus Waltenis le Pot- ter, civis et aldermanus Londonise, et omnia vasa serea pro coquina, infirmaria, et aliis oiRcinis necessaria etiam donavit. Vestibulum constructum est de bonis communibus eleemosynis, so. ; frater Thomas Feltham istud elon- gavit et multipliciter adornavit armariis, tam inferius quam superius, et aquaductum de piscina communis lavatorii illud adduxit ; [et] multa utilia il[lis] pro- cui'avit. Dormitorium totum, cum lectis et cameris necessariis, construxit dominus Gregorius de Rokysley, maior Lon- donifie. Refectorium construxit dominus Bartliolomgeus de Castro, civis Londonias ; et pavit semper fratres in die sancti Bartholomsei. Altaria vero, quse se extendunt in longum versus austrum, constnicta fuerunt de diversis communibus ' See p. 501. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONI/E. 509 eleemosynis ; sed dominus Henricus de Galeys dedit me- remeum ; cujus menioria in benedictione sit. Amen. Infinnariam construxit pro magna parte Petrus de Helyland, dando ad ejus constructionem c. Ultras sterKngorum. Studia pro magna parte constructa fuernnt de bonis Bonde regis heraldorum (le roi de hcrauis). III. De Aquctidudu Fratrum Mlnoruni Londoniis. Aquajductum construxerunt infra scripti : Inprimis Their con- caput aquneductus contulit Willielmus Tajdour, sartor '^"^*®" domini Henrici regis Tertii post Conquestum, ad in- stantiam fratris Willielmi de Basynges, qui to turn aqupeductum procuravit, et usque ad finem complevit. Sed expensas sive sumptus administraverunt, felicis recordationis dominus Henricus rex Anglia3 illustris, supramemoratus, Salekynus de Basynge, optimge indolis adolescens, dominus Hem-icus de Frowyke, et dominus Henricus de Basynges, milites.^ Isti fuerunt coopera- tores et coadjutores prsecipui. Et postea Galfridus de Camera novam domum in secundo capite construxit, et antiquam melioravit ; et omnes defectus notabiles investigavit et correxit, et multa bona pro eodem pro- curavit et fecit. Cujus coadjutores pmecipui fuerunt Alanus Gille, cum consorte sua, civis Londoniie ; domi- nus Henricus Darcy, qui dedit centum solidos pi'o cis- terna de bonis, Johannes Tryple, etiam coadjuvantes, opus compleverunt. Pro cujus etiam anima fratres mi- nores habuerunt Londoni?e, omnibus computatis, c. et x. libras, et xvii. sol., v. d. quart. Cujus animf\3 pro- pitietm- Deus. Amen. ' Compare Eccleston, \\ 1 ; 510 PRIMA FUNDATIO IV. Ut sciatur Positio Canaliu^ii Aquceductus Fratrum Minorum Londoniis. Descrip- Prinio, a limine poi"t?e Johannis Si^oron, spatio trium pedum, sub novo mui*o fratrum, porrectio canalis in vicum versus Newgate quserenti occm-rit. Semper au- tem, dum in via jacet, aquilonarem partem vise tenet, aliquando et minus domos approximans, secundum quod rectitudo positionis permittit. Sub porta de Newgate spatio xii. pedum profundatur, et directe extenditur sub muro cimiterii S. Sepulchri exterius, et ulterius secun- dum vici illius obliquationem obliquatur; juxta Lok Well ^ protenditur ; ibi bivium pertransiens buttat se contra fenestram domus Johannis Muclicheth, ibique cur- vatur versus pontem de Holeburne, inter domum Willi- elmi Yrotheges et pontem ; ponitur sub aqua spatio iii. pedum, ultra rivulum illius aquee circa spatium viii. passuum, juxta pontis murum, ultra fi-actui'am de indus- tria factam, ubi aqua platese descendit in loco semper lutoso. Primum spurgellum latet sub terra, spatio vero iv. pedum lapide marmoreo coopertum, Inde directe usque ad Liwrone-lane extenditiu-, ibique secundum rectitudinem venellse illius vel vici requirat, ad aquilonem [per] occidentalem mm'um venellsBj positionem liabens spatio dist[antice] iii. pe- dum. In fine autem illius venellae, a Iseva, secmidum spurgellum, altitudine fere vii. pedimi. Et inde directe protenditur, campum transversando et sepes, ad molen- dinum Thomse de Basynges, quod est proximum villse, ubi spatio xviii. pedum profundatiu'. Ibi ex [parte] orientali molendini, a latere aquilonis, infra foveam ter- [tium] jacet spui'gellum. Inde spatium fere unius sta- dii ad occidentem, parum vergendo ad aquilonem, oc- currit sulcus unus viridius ab oriente in occidentem ' Or Lck Well ? The ink has faded. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONI^. 511 protentus, et spinosus, ad occidenteiu tortuosux, latitu- dine fere viii. pedum, teiTam dividens Johannis de Derkynge, qui jacet ex parte meridionali, et ten-am ante dicti [Thom?e] de Basynges, qui jacet ex parte aqui- lonari. In illo autem sulco, a capite orientali incipiendo, xvi. passus, non saltus, et ibi a medio latitudinis sulci, ubi signum ad hoc necessarium foret, verso vultu ad aquilonem, directe super terram Thomas de [Basyn-] ges, spatio pedum xiv. latet, sub terra spatio iv. pedum, caput aquae, quod propinquius est, unde pro majori parte aquam habemus, parum autem de capite remotioii. Ab iUo autem loco directe extenditur ad caput, quod remotius est, versus occidentem, cujus domuncula lapidea a remoto videtur. Aqua autem istius ca- pitis adducitur ultra foveam Tliomse de . . a parte occidentis, a latere aquilonis, aliquantulum spatio a domo capitis circa xv. passuum, juxta viam qua} dividit inter parochiam Sti. Egydii et Sti. Andrese. Ista aqua in domo capitis illius descendendo ad cana- leni supereffluit, et a canali parum vel nihil inde reci- pitur ; sed domum totam inundat, et per rivulos et rimas parietis negligenter amittitur. Apponat remedium fratrum/ considerans damnum et amissionem tot sump- tuum. Postmodum autem frater Thomas de Feltham de Their lava- piscina communis lavacri in claustro lavatorium ad ves- ^ ^' tibulum advexit, et multa bona in vestibulo expendit, anno Domini m.cc. Item anno Domini M.ccccxxil. renovata smit lavacra in claustro cum deposito fratris Roberti Zougg ; summa expensarum xxvii. lib. ix. sol. i. ob. Dispensam hospitii cmn cameris versus infirma- Hospital, riam procuravit frater Ricardus Knotte, et multa alia bona habuerunt fratres de procuratione ejus a Wil- lielmo Albon. ' Sic, 512 PRIMA FUNDATIO Schools and other edifices. Scliolae cum locutorio dispensa cum cameris, et alia £edificia necessaria constructa sunt de bonis communi- bus, sicut fieri poterant, quia parva erant , . am et non multum sumptuosa, et in his morabantur fratres usque ad annum Domini [m.ccc'LX . . . ]. Tempore vero prce- dicto multum crevit erga fratres et conventum devotio et afFectio lidelium, et secundum eam consequenter crevit fratrum numerosa multitude, in tantum quod aliquando centum, aliquando plures, et raro pauciores conventuales fratres Londoniis liabebantm\ Et loca constructa, qua3 pro paucis sufficiebant, postea tarn multis sufficere non poterant ; et idcirco nova et am- pliora fideles inceperunt ipsis construere, prout inferius declaratur. Memorandum quod frater Johannes Stanford, ali- quando minister, intelligens paupertatem ecclesiae Sti. Audoeni Londonise, in cujus parochia est locus fratrum minorum, pietate motus et gratia speciali, procuravit quod dominus Matthfeus, quondam rector ecclesias sanctorum Cosm£e et Damiani Londoni, dedit dictse ecclesi?e Sti. Audoeni annuum redditum xx. solidorura in perpetuum, quem prior et conventus de Hestyngs- petyll solvunt annuatim. Memorandum quod executores domini Henrici de Galeys, quondam maior Londonise, dederunt et assig- naverunt duos marcatus annul libeii et quieti redditus, pro anima ipsius, de quodam tenemento, quod Thomas Brauncester tunc tenuit, in parochia sancti Mattha3i de Fridai-stret, quod quidem tenementum situm est inter tenementum WiUielmi de Causton ex parte orientaH et tenementum Adas de Halyngebir ex parte occidental, solvendum in periDetuum pro quibusdam areis, quas fra- tres minores occupant Londoniis ; videlicet monialibus de Clerkenwell xv. sol. ii. d., canonicis sanctse Marise de Sothwerke viii. sol. vi. d., canonicis Sanctpe Trinitatis infra Alegatis iii. sol. ; in quibus patres supradicti pro locis pr?edictis tenebantur. Cujus memoria in bene- FRATPJ^M MINOniTM LONDONI.E. 513 dictione sit \)yo eo quod multa bona ordini contulifc ^-^^- '•'^'JC- ac multipliciter procuravit, tarn in vita quam ia inorte. Istud procuratum ' fuit per fratrem Hemicum de Sut- ton, tunc gardianum fratrum Londonia^. Orent pro eo omnes sancti, etc. Aimo Domini M.cccii. V. Fundatores Novce Ecdesice. Ad perpetuam memoriam fundatorum et coadjutorum Foundatioi hujus ecclesia3, et ad tollendum admirationem quo- °'^^'^°'-'^^' cliuTch rundam ignorantium, qui admi[rantur] opus et unde expensa3 illius administrabantur ; Inprimis sciendum quod amio Domini M.CCCVI. illus- trissima domina, domina Margareta regina et uxor Ed- wardi Primi, secundo incepit fedificare cliorum et ecclesiam. Ad cujus constructionem contulit in vita sua duo millia marcarum, et c. marcas in suo testa- mento le[gavit] ad idem opus. Qua? sepulta est coram magno altari in eodem clioro. Memorandum quod Willielmus Walden, miles, posuit primum lapidem, in die Lunre, in fundatione novse eccle- si?B, in nomine reginse prfedictse, anno Domini M.CCCVI. Item navem ecclesiie asdificaverunt alii amici, dantes singuli secundum devotionem suam, viz. dominus Johamies de Brytania, comes Ricliemondite, specialis- simvLS pater et amicus fi-atrum minorum, dedit in sub- sidium ecclesise dictorum fratrum circa ccc. libras ster- lingorum, calicem aureum preciosum, vestimenta varia preciosa, tapetia, et alia multa bona, qu?e numerari non possunt, pro victu et necessitatibus fratrum ; cujus anirars propitietur Deus. Amen. procuravit, ]\I3. K K 5J4 PRBLV FUNDATIO Its bene- Domiiia Maria comitissa Penbrochise, neptis domini Jobannis de Biytania prsedicti, dedit etiam in subsi- dium ecclesise prsedictae septuaginta libras sterlingorum, et multa alia bona, et magnum bonorem fecit fratribus ; cujus memoria in benedictione sit. Amen. Dominus Gilbertus de Clare, comes Gloucestre, dedit pro ecclesia pra^dicta viginti trabes magnas de foresta sua de Tonebrige, pretii viginti libras, et tantum ^ vel plus in pecmiia, per procurationem fratris Galfridi de Aylesbam, confessoris sui. Domina Margareta comitissa Gloucestre^ soror dicti Gilberti, dedit pro quodam altari construendo in ecclesia prsedicta viginti sex libras, tredecim solidos, quatuor denaiios Domina Alianora le Spencer, soror ejusdem Gilberti, dedit pro quodam altari construendo xv. libras. Domina Elizabeth de Burgh, alia soror dicti Gilberti, dedit decem ligna bona pretii decern librarum, et quin- que libras sterlingorum, in subsidium ecclesife prtedictfe. [Dominus] Arualdus de Tedemar, civis Londonite, le- gavit in subsidium ecclesise prsedict^e c. libras sterling- onun, de quadam domo vendita in Tamesestrefe, pro ffidificiis construendis, areis emendis et ampliandis, ac redditibus redimendis, qui eam tali modo vendendam legavit, ut certis poi-tionibus solutis, prout in testa- mento continetur, residuum cederet in usum fratrum minorum Londonife. Anno Domini M.cccii. regni regis Edwardi filii reo-is Hemici III., fratre Huo-one de Her- telpoll ministro fratrum minorum in Anglia, fi-atre Georgio custode Londonise, ft-atre Henrico de Suttone gardiano conventus Londoniis, in quadragesima rece- perunt procuratores fratrum minorum Londonise. Cujus anima merito sit fratriljus perpetuo intime recom- mendata. Nee debent prsedictae c. librae, de assensu et ordinatione totius conventus, in alios usus commu- tari. * tandem, MS. FRATRUM MIXORUM LOXDOXI.E. -515 Item frater et dominus Robertus Lyle baro de Ljde, et postmodum post mortem uxoris suae liabitimi reli- gionis smnpsit, et in subsidium ecclesise prsedictse ccc. libras sterlingormu, et multa alia bona fecit fratribus in speciali et in communi, sicut in instruuiento in parte patet inde confecto. Quia multa alia bona habuerunt fratres post mortem suam per multa tem- pora, per manus executorum suorum, qua3 in prpedicto instrumento nou continentm-. Cujus aninipe propitietm* Deus. Amen. Item Bartliolomseus de Alemania, mercator, dedit in subsidium ecclesise predicts xl. libras sterlingorum, et x. libras pro conventu. Post hsec venit illustrissima domina, domina Isabella regina, mater Edwardi Tertii, et inveniens ecclesiam, quam regina Margareta, amita sua, incepit, nondum perfectam, sed incompletam, septingenta libras et amplius circa eam expendit. Idem domina Philippa, Dei gratia regina Anglise et uxor Edwardi III., dedit in subsidium ecclesife prae- dicta? xlviii. lib. xiii. sol. iv. d. Et ad cooperimentum ecclesife xiii. lib. vi. sol. viii. d. Item RobertiLS LoveljTi v. libras, et Johannes Enfeld xx. marcas,. Et sic per hos et aKos devotos completum est opus prsedictum in annis xxi. ; incep- tum enim erat M.cccxxvii. VI. De Vitratione FenestTao'um. Post consummationem operis et coopertionem ejus- Glazing dem consequentes fenestras ^dtraverunt, vel vitrari ^jj^^^g^ fecerunt amici et coadjutores infra scripti : Inprimis, incipiendo ab oriente in fronte, scilicet tres fenestras [quarum] prima versus boream, ^^trari fecit illustrissima domina, domina Isabella regina, mater Edwardi III. K K 2 516 PRIMA FUNDATIO Mediam fenestrain et magnam supra magnum altare vitrari fecerunt in suis expensis communibus pan- narii vel cli-aperii civitatis Londonise. Tertiam fenestram vitrari fecerunt venerabilis dominus Joliannes Cokaine, miles. Consequenter incipiendo in prima fenestra australi, earn vitrcibat venerabilis vir Willielmus de Parys, civis Londoniai, et Matilda uxor ejus. Secundam fenestram australem vitrari fecit dominus Johannes de Charlton, miles, et domina Hawesia de Pole uxor. Portant leonem rapacem de (joules in campo aureo. Tertiam fenestram vitrari fecit venerabilis vir Ri- cardus Bryton, civis Londonensis, et Margareta uxor ejusdem. Quartam fenestram vitrari fecit Walterus de Gorst, pelleparius vel piperarius, civis LondonijB. Quintam et sextam fenestras vitrari fecerunt Johan- nes de Triple, et Allan ora consors sua, sc. Johannes erat civis Londoniensis. Septimam fecerunt vitrari Hemicus Burell, civis Londoniensis, et Alicia uxor ejusdem. Octavam fenestram sub campanili fecit vitrari Rober- tus Benet, civis et mercator Londoniensis. Nonam fenestram coram communi altari fecit vitrari domina Margareta de Monte Hermetis, soror domini Gilbert! de Clare, comitis Gloucestre, et comitissa de Cornwayle. Decimam fenestram vitrari fecit Willielmus Albon, civis et mercer Londonise. Undecimam fenestram vitrari fecit Bartholomseus de Esteyn.- Duodecimam fenestram vitrari fecit Dominus Rober- tus Launde, miles et aurifaber Londonias, et Christina consors sua. Tertiam decimam fenestram vitrari fecit Simon ^ de ' Corrected from Walterus. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONIvE. 517 Mordon, civis et piscinarius Londonicie, et Constantia consors sua. Quartam decimam fenestram vitrari fecit Willielmus de Taunston, civis Londoniensis. .Quintam decimam fenestram vitrari fecit venerabilLs comes de Lancastria primo ; sed jam de novo ean- dem fenestram vitrari fecit venerabilis vir Willielmiis Lovoney, armiger. In occidentali fine ecclesi?e sunt tres fenestra3 ; qua- rum primam ex parte australi vitrari fecerunt Johannes Lovekyn, et Joliainies Walworth, et Johanna uxor eorundem. Mediam fenestram et principalem de novo ex toto reparavit illustris rex Edwardus Tertius post magnum ventum, cujus impetu cecidit, et vitrari fecit expensis suis, pro anima illustrissimfe reginse Isa-bellie inatris- suas, in choro sepultse. Tertiam fecit fenestram vitrari Walterus Mordon quondam stokc-fijscltmonger et Maior Londonia?, et Christina consors sua. Consequenter incipiendo ex parte boreali primam fenestram fecit vitrari frater Johannes Potter, quon- dam civis Londonife et postmodum frater in ordine per annos professus. Secundam fenestram vitrari fecit Simon Fraunces, ex quo prodiit dominus Adam Fraunceys, miles. Tertiam fenestram vitrari fecit Thomas Candysch, amifaber et civis Londonise. Quartam fenestram vitrari fecerunt diversi ex par- vis eleemosyiiis collectis, et sic nidlus habet nomen. Quintam fenestram vitraii fecit Simon de Parj's, aldermanus Londoniae, et Rosa uxor sua. Sextam fenestram vitrai'i fecit Stephanus Candysch. Septimam fenestram vitrari fecit domina Maria de sancto Paulo, comitissa Penbrochiae ; et antiquo altari sub ea fecit fieri et depingi in ex . . . 518 PRIMA FUNDATIO Octavam fenestram vitrari fecit frater Henricus de Sutton, gardianus . . . Nonam fenestram vitrari fecit dominus Gilbertus de Clare, dominus de Clare. Decimam fenestram vitrari fecit communitas merca- torum de Vynterys. Undecimam fenestram vitrari fecit Ricardus de Gloucetur, civis Londonise, et Margareta censors sua. Duodecimam fenestram vitrari fecit Walterus de Bever, et Johanna censors sua, inferius sepulti. Tertiam decimam fenestram vitrari fecerunt Rober- tus Hawteyne et Thomas Romayne, cives Londonienses et Juliana consors eorundem. Quartam decimam fenestram vitrari fecit Thomas Evenefeld, civis Londoniensis, et Johanna et Agnes, consortes ejusdem Thompe. Quintam decimam fenestram et ultimam versus ori- entem fecit ^ vitrari dominus Johamies de Britania, comes Richemondit©. Post completionem operis et vitrationem fenestrarum, venerabilis domina, domina Margareta Segrave, comi- tissa Northfolcliiae, dedit totum meremium, et fieri fecit novas stallos, ad costas et expensas ccc. et quinqua- ginta marcarum ; circa annum Domini m.ccclxxx. Cselatura chori nova facta est de eleemosynis di verso- rum ad expensas cc. marcaram, anno Domini M.ccccxx., ad procurationem fratris Thom?e WyncheLsey, sacroe theologise doctoris. Et fecit ea depingi ad costagia quinquaginta marcarimi. Descriptio Longitudinis et Latitudinis Ecdesice, et A Ititud inis supradictce. Inprimis continet ecclesia in longitudine ccc. jiedum de pedibus sancti Pauli. Item in latitudine continet xcv. pedum de pedibus sancti Pauli. ' fecimus, MS. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONIiE. ,") I Item in altitudine, a terra usque ad tectum Ixiv. pedum de pedibus sancti Pauli et . . . Et, ut patet, omnes colmnnae sunt de inarmore et totum . pavimentum de marmore. Qui ad illam axlifican- dam invenermit, vel ad sustentandum invenei'imt, vel juvarunt, sint a Domino benedicti, et vitam liabeant pro mercede ?eternam. Amen. Item quft'libet fenestra lateralis continet de vitro pedes . . .^ Item dua3 magnce, scilicet orientalis et occidentalis, quilibet earum continet de vitro pedes , . .^ De Fiindatione Lihrariw. Anno Domini M.ccccxxi. venerabilis vir, Ricardus Founda- Wyttyngton, mercer et maior Londonise, incepit novam j!°° of their librarian!, posuitque primum lapidem fundalem xxi. die Octobris, scilicet in festo sancti Hillarionis abbatis ; et arnio sequente, ante finem nativitatis Christi, fuit do- mus erecta et cooperta. Et in tribus aiuiis sequentibus fuit terrata, dealbata, vitriata, ambulationibus, scannis, et ceelatura ornata, et libris instaurata. Et expensse factas circa prsedicta se extendunt ad ccccc. lil^ras. Ivi. libras. xvi. sol. viii. d. ; de qua summa solvit prsedictus Ricar- dus Whyttyngton cccc. libras ; et residuum solvit reverendus pater, frater Thomas Wynchelsey, et amici sui ; quorum animabus propitietur Deus. Amen. Item, pro scripto Doctoris de Lyra in duobus volu- minibus, jacente jam in catenis, c. marcas ; de quibus frater Johannes Frensche remisit xx. sol. Item, pro quatuor archangelis cii'ca sepulturam^ re- ginse Isabellse xxxvii. sol. Item, pro lectura domini Hostiensis, jam jacentis in catenis, v. marcas. Blank iu MS. | '^ sepulture, MS. 520 PIUMA FUNDATIO Item, aimo Domini M.ccccxxiii. frater Thomas AVyii- chelsey fecit novum murum, cum ostio et fenestra, in lavatorio juxta vestibulnm, et exaltavit terram, ad ex- pensas xlii. sol. i.d. Item, eodem anno, circa vitrationem fenestras ad ostium barl3aria3 et duarum supra eandem, et iii. in medio ambulatorii juxta cellam magistri studii, iv. libras V. sol. viii. d. ; et multa alia, quse non sunt nota. Cujus animse propitietur Deus. Amen. Item de ambulatorio supra murum refectorii, pro eo quod nequivimus servare plmnbum absque instillatione pluviee supra murum, magnum periculum muri et do- mus, [et] coopertus est murus cum tegulis conformiter ad reliquum tecti, ad expensas xiii. librarum xvii. sol. i. d. Ad lias expensas dedit gardianus Hussell iii. libras, et frater Thomas Wynchelsey vi. libras x. sol. v. d. ; et con- ventus iii. libras. Memorandum quod frater Andi'eas Bavard, sacrse theologite professor, anno Domini M.ccccxciv., videns chorum fratrum minorum Loiidonire, minus bene [de- cojratum libris choralibus, mente concepi non posse ele- emosynas amicorum .... meorum melius expendere quam in lilms scribendis choralibus, ad laudem [Domini] et ad ejusdem divinse laudis continuationem. Qua^propter conduxit me .... unum scriptorem, qui scrijjsit milii unum legendarium in duabus partibus, et . . . . imum antiphonarium in duabus partibus, et unum psalterium et unum gradualem, et alium impressimi, et in multis aliis reparavi. Et. ^ ' The -writer has omitted the conchision of the sentence. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONI^. 521 Theys he the Indenture for the Wyndoes of the South syde of the Church, and, soo to the farder gatte. Thes endentvre made betwene James Andrew Mayer induimuc of the cytte of London the Aldermen and comnalte of ''^.'" '!'<' •^ windows, the same cytte on the one partye, an 532 PRIMA FUNDATIO Frater Jeronimus de Esculo, generalis et presbyter cardiualis, tituli sanctse PoteuciaDie, post episcopus Penestrinus, et tandem sanctissimus poiitifex, dictus Nicholaus lY. Frater Matliasus de Aquasparta, generalis, episcopus cardinalis sanctse Ruphinse, et postea Portuensis. Frater Johannes Mnrro, generalis, et post cardinalis ejjiscopus Portuensis et sanctte Ruphinse. Frater Fortunarius Vasalli, generalis, et postea car- dinalis. Frater Gwillelmus Farmarii, generalis, et post cardi- nalis, tituli sanctorum Petri [et Marcellini.] Frater Marcus de Viterbio, generalis xxiii., et postea cardinalis. Frater Thomas de Frigiano, generalis xxiv., et postea patriarcha Gradensis, deinde presbyter cardi- nalis, tituli sanctorum Nerei et Achillei, tandem epi- scopus Tusculanensis. Frater Leonardus de GifFone, generalis xxv., post cardinalis. Frater Ludowicus de Venetiis, generalis xxvi., postea cardinalis, tituli sancti [Marci]. Frater Franciscus de Sanona de Ruere, generalis XXVIII., postea presbyter [cardinalis], tituli sancti Petri [ad Vincula], demum inspiratione divina assump- tus est ad culmen sanctum pontificatus, et dictus Sixtus IV., anno Domini M.CCCCLXXI. ix. [die Octobris]. XI. Isti sunt Ministri Generales Ordinis Minm^um. Minister Sanctus Franciscus, ordinis fratrum minorum in- stitutor et dux, generalis minister fuit in eodem ordine, et rexit ordinem xx. [annos]. In quo tempore frater Helyas de Assisio fuit vicarius ejusdem s[ancti]. FRATRmr MINORUM LONDONLE. 533 ii. Frater Johannes Parens cle provincia Romana fiiit secundus generalis minister, [et] ministravit vi. annis ; et hie primus minister fuit provincige HispanifB. iii. Frater Helyas de Assisio, qui scriptor fuel-at Bononige, fuit tertius generalis minister, et ministravit ix. annis. iv. Frater Albertus Pisanus fuit iv,„ generalis, et ministravit tribus annis ; qui prius fuit minister in provincia Anglipe. V. Frater Haymo de Faversham, Anglicus, fuit v"' generalis et ministravit v. annis. Hie ex commissione Domini Innocentii Papse ' IV. totum divinum officium cum novis rubricis ordinavit, quod a tota Romana curia et earn sequentibus est assumptum. Hie etiam prius fuit minister in provincia Angii». vi. Frater Crescentius, mecHcus famosus, quondam minister Veronse, fuit vi. generalis ; qui postea factus est episcopus civitatis su», de qua orimidus erat. vii. Frater Johamies de Provincia, sanctfie memorise, magister in theologia, et lector curife, de provincia Bono- nige, fuit vii. generalis, et ministravit viii. annis. Hie signis micat. Hie etiam scripsit fratri Rogero Bakon tractatum, qui incipit, " Tniwfninafo Magistro." viii. Frater Bonaventura de Balneo Regio, doctor in theologia de provincia Romana, fuit viii. generalis ; ministravit xviii. annis. Postea factus est cardinalis primus in ordine, et episcopus Albanensis ; qui sanc- tissime scripsit super Sententias, et inter doctores Pari- sienses dicitur " Doctor rtiellifluus." Hie dulcissmo sermone descripsit vitam sanctissimi patris nostri Fran- cisci, et fecit contemplativum tractatum de vita Christi. ix. Frater Jeronimus de Esculo, provincise Marchise, fuit ix. generalis, et ministravit vi. annis ; postmodum factus est presbyter cardinalis terrge sanctge Potentian». ' Corrected to Episcopi ; and so throughout. 534 PRIMA FUNDATIO Minister Deinde factus est episcopiis Cardinalis Penestrinus. Tan- Geuerals. ^^^^^ assumptus est acl apicem summam apostolatus, et dictus est Nicliolaus IV. episcopus, in orcline minorum primus. Hie totam Grseciam adduxit ad fidem et obe- dientiam sanctse Romanse ecclesise. X. Frater Bonagracia, de provincia Bononise, qui rexit V. annis ; quo mortuo, nullo trahente, major campana diu puLsatur. xi. Frater Acliolotus de Prato, magister in theologia Parisius, de provincia Tuscipe, fuit xi. generalis ; et ministravit uno anno. xii. Frater Mathseus de Aqua Sparta, doctor in theo- logia Parisius, ac lector curias tempore Martini episcopi, fuit de provincia sancti Francisci et xii. generalis, qui ministravit ii. annis. Postea factus est Portuensis et ecclesife Rufinse episcopus cardinalis. xiii. Frater Raymimdus Provincialis, doctor in theo- logia Parisius, fuit xiii, generalis, et ministravit vi. annis. xiv. Frater Johannes de Murro, doctor in theolo- gia Parisius, de provincia Marchi^e, fuit xiv. gene- rahs, et ministravit vii. annis ; postmodum factus est Portuensis et sanctse Bufinse episcopus cardinalis ; qui tunc etiam extitit ordinis nostri protector et corrector. XV. Frater Gundisalvus Hispanus, doctor in theo- logia Parisius, fiiit xv. generalis, et ministravit ix, annis. xvi. Frater Alexander de Alexandria, doctor in theo- logia Parisius, de provincia Januse, fuit xvi. gene- ralis, et ministravit uno anno, tempore Clementis Papse V. xvii. Frater Michaelis de Cesena, doctor in theologia Parisius, de provincia Bononiae, xviii. ^ generalis, et ministravit xii. annis. ' This is the numbering of the MS. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONI^. oSo xviii. Frater Geraldus Odoni>s, doctor in tlieologia, de provincia AqmtaniaQ, fuit xix. generalis, et minis- travit xiv. annis ; postea sanckis est episcopus et patriarcha Antiochensis. Hie erat generalis tempore Johannis XXII. et Benedicti XII. xix. Frater Fortunarius^ Vasalli, doctor in theoloo-ia, de provincia Aquitanise, fait xx. generalis, et minis- travit V. annis, postmodum factus est archiepiscopns et cardinalis Ravennatis, et postea patriarcha Gra- densis, et sepultus in ecclesia fratrnm minornm de Padua. XX. Frater Guliellmus Farinerii sive de Cordovio, aoctor in theologia-, de provincia Acqnitanifie, fuit xxi. generalis, et ministravit viii. annis et vii. mensibus ; postea factus est presbyter Cardinalis tituli, sanctorum Petri et Marcellini. xxi. Frater Johannes de Bucho, doctor in theologia, in provincia Acquitaniae, fiiit xxii. generalis, et minis- travit uno anno. xxii. Frater Marchus de Viterbio, doctor in theo- logia, de provincia Romana, fait xxiii. generalis, et ministravit viii. annis ; postea factus est cardinalis presbyter, tituli sanctfe Praxedis. xxiii. Frater Thomas de Frigiano, doctor in theologia, de provincia Bon[oni0e] fuit xxiv. generalis, et ministra- vit vi. annis ; postea factus est patriarclra, Gradensis, deinde presbyter cardinalis, tituli sanctorum Nerei et Achillis, et postea episcopus Tusculanus. xxiv. ^Frater Leonardus de Gyffone, doctor in theo- logia de cathedra Cant , de provincia Terrse Laborum, fuit xxv. generalis, electus Tholosae, et minis- travit vi. annis ; postea factus est ca-rdiualis. XXV. Frater Ludowicus de Veniciis, doctor in theo- logia fuit, xx\d., et ministravit iii. annis ; postea factus est cardinalis sancti Marci. 1 Sic. 536 PRIMA FUNDATIO Minister xxvi. Frater Petrus de Canzano, doctor in theoloiria, "^^'^'^- (Je provincia Penestriii?cv, fuit xxvii. generalis, et minis- travit uno anno. xxvii. Frater Martinns de sancto Georgio, doctor in tlieologia, de provincia Januensis, fuit xxviii. generalis minister, et ministravit iii. amiis. xxviii. Frater Henricus de Ast, de provincia Januensi, fuit xxix. generalis, et ministravit xvii. annis cum dimidio. xxix. Frater Antonius de Pareto, de provincia Po- mana, fuit xxx. geneiulis, et ministravit annis xvii. XXX. Frater Angelus de Senis, doctor in tlieologia, de Provincia Tuscia^, fuit xxxi. generalis, et ministravit annis ii. xxxi. Frater Antonius de Massa, doctor in tlieologia, de provincia Tuscse, fuit xxxii. generalis, et ministravit annis vi. ; qui postea factus est episcopus Massanus. xxxii. Frater Willielmus de Casali, doctor in tlieo- logia, de provincia Januensis, fuit xxxiii. generalis, et ministravit annis . . .' xxxiii. Frater Antonius de Rusconibus, de Cuniis, doctor in tlieologia. xxxiv. Frater Angelus de Peruso, doctor in tlieologia. XXXV. Frater Jacobus de Mosonica, doctor in tlieo- logia. xxxvi. Frater Jacobus de Sa^rsuelis, doctor in tlieo- logia. xxxvii. Frater Franciscus de Sanonia, doctor in tlieologia famosissimus, jirinio minister Januf!^, deinde generalis, postea presbyter cardinalis, tituli sancti Petri ad Vincula ; deinde vero sumnius pontifex dictus Sixtus IV. [xxxviii.] Frater Zaneto de Illmo, doctor tlieologise. [xxxix.] Frater Franciscus de Sanson. [xl.] Frater Egidius Delpliin. [xli.] Frater Paynaldus Gracianus. ' blank in MS. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONLE. 537 XIL Idi faerunt Minisirl ProvlncUdcH [in An(jlio.\ i. Frater Aii[gnellu,s Pisanus.] Provincial ii. Frater Albertus Pisanus, qui post fuit gcnei-alis ^^'"'^^^'''s- iv. Obiit [Roina^]. iii. Frater Haymo de Faversliani, Anglicus, qui etiani postea fr iv. Frater Willielmus de Not^-ng-liara, vir Dei sanc- tissimus. Obiit Ja[nupe]. V. Frater Petrus de Tewkysbury, qui priiiio luit minister Alma[nipe, deinde] Angliie ; jacet Bedford. vi. Frater Johannes Stamford jacet Linne. vii. Frater Petrus Swenfeld jacet Leycestre. viii. Frater Thomas Bongaye, doctor Oxonise, jacet Northamptonaa. ix. Frater Johannes * Peccham, doctor Parisius, et resumpsit Oxonise ; ^ lector cu[ria3], et post archiepi- scopus Cantuariensis. Jacet inter monachos. X. Frater Hugo de Bathonia confirmatus, sed mor- tuus ante receptionem xi. Frater Pobertus de Cruce, doctor Oxonire, jacet Brigewalter. xii. Frater Williehnus Geynysborough, doctor Oxonian, lector curiae, et postea . . . episcopus Wygomia\ jacet apud Beluacum. xiii. Frater Rogerus Merston, doctor Oxonite, jacet Norwici. xiv. Frater Hugo de Hertylpole doctor Oxonian, jacet inter fratres Assisii. XV. Frater Adam do Lincolnia, doctor Oxonioe, jacet Lyncolnife, c[ui fecit miraliilia .... ' Exvn. MS. 538 PRIMA FUNDATIO Provincial xvi. Frater Ricardus Conyngton, doctorr] Oxonipe, Miuislers. . , /-. , i • • jacet Cantebrigife. xvii. Frater Willielmus Notyngliam docto[r] Oxordse, qui fecit solempnem postillam super unnm ex iv^"". jacet Leycestre. xviii. Frater Rogerus de Denemed, doctor Cantebri- gise, jacet Sarum. xix. Frater Joliannes Rodyiigton, doctor Oxonise, vir sanctissimus, jacet Bedfordice. XX. Frater Johannes Went, doctor Oxonias, qui fecit miracula in vita, jacet Herfordia3. xxi. Frater Willielmus Tythemersch, doctor Cante- lirigise, jacet Bedfordite. xxii. Frater Rogerus Conway, doctor Oxonian, jacet Londonise. Hie strenue defendebat ordinem in curia contra Armaclianuni. xxiii. Frater Symon Tunstede, doctor Oxonige, jacet apud Bruszerd. xxiv. Frater Robertus de Wysete, docto[r] Oxoniae, jacet Londonise. XXV. Frater Johannes Mardeslay, doctor Oxonige, jacet Eborum. xxvi. Frater Thomas Kyngesbery, docto[r] Oxonise, jacet Notyngham. xxvii. Frater Johannes Tyssyngton, doctor Oxonige, jacet Londonipe. xxviii. Frater Nicholaus Fakenham, doctor Oxonise, jacet Colcestre. xxix. Frater Johannes Souche, doctor Cantebrigise, qui postea fiiit Episcopus Londoniensis, jacet Kerdivise- xxx. Frater Willielmus Butler, doctor, Oxonise jacet.' xxxi. Frater Vincencius Boys, doctor, Oxonise jacet.' xxxii. Frater Petrus Russell, doctor, Oxonise jacet.' xxxiii. Frater Robertus Wellys, doctor Oxonise, hie electus et confirmatus .... mortuus ante recep- tionem obiit in Francia. 1 Sic in MS. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONI^. r)39 xxxiv. Frater Johannes David doctor, Cantebrigi^e, jacet Kerdivife. XXXV. Frater Rogerus Donwe, doctor Oxoniu^ jucet apud Ware. xxxvi. Frater Ricardus Leke, doctor Oxoniii', jacet Lychefeldise. xxxvii. Frater Thomas Radner, doctoi- Oxonia\ jacet Radingias. xxxviiii. Frater Williehnus Goddard, senior, doctor Oxonise,^ disertissimus jacet Londonite. xxxix. Frater Johannes Persevalle, doctor Oxoniie, jacet Londonise.^ xl. Frater Henricus Standych, doctor Oxonian, qni postea fnit episcopus Assauensis. xli. Frater Ricardus Bryngkeley, doctor Cantabrigice, jacet ibidem. XIII. Nomina illomni, qui fiierunt Fratres Minores, quon- dam Reg . . trem in sccculo habit-w sunt. Frater Johamies, quondam rex et imperator Con- Kings of , , . T, the Order. stantmopolitanus. Frater Johannes, quondam rex et imperator Tartar- arum. Frater Johannes quondam rex Armenire ; ^ frater Hen- ricus quondam rex Cipri^ ; frater Antonius, quondam rex CastelKge ; de quibus habetur in chronicis fratris Ricardi de Dunelmo, lib.viii. c. ix. Frater Johannes, rex Jherosolimorum, de quo in chronicis prsedictis, lib. vii. c. 4, ' jacet Lon. in marg. -which adds the date 1437 in a more recent hand. - The same hand adds the date 1505. Both dates afterward are struck out. ^ Amonia, MS. 540 PRIMA FUNDATIO Frater ^ . , . . rex Saxonife ; frater Alphurnus/ rex Arragonise, frater Alphonsus rex Beluarise ; de quibus in eisdem clironicis. Frater Jacobus, frater Alphonsus, reges Aragonise. Frater Fernandus, frater Sanctius, reges Castellise. Frater Robertus, quondam rex Sicilise. Frater Fredericus, quondam rex Trinacrise vel Si- cilige. Frater Petrus, frater Alphonsus, frater Ferrardus, quondam reges Portugalise. Frater Ludowicus, quondam rex Neapoli. Frater liobertus, rex Neapoli, per tres dies ante mortem fecit professionem. Frater Johannes, rex Armenife, dimisso regno nopoti suo, effectus est frater minor, et postmodum a Saracenis occisus est. . . . .^ Dux AlzacijTD in Saxonia effectus est frater minor sacer et professus, qui jacet in conventu Kilensi custodise Bremensis. Hie dux intravit ordinem mino- rum cum aiiis duobus militibus. Item, procedente tempore diversorum regum filii or- dinem minorum intraverunt, inter quos erat unus frater Ludowicus, nunc sanctus et canonizatus, filius Caroli regis Sicilipe, et hseres regni illius, postmodum epi- scopus Tholosanus ; cujus frater Robertus minor eo patri suo successit in regno. Mater vero eorum fuit domina Maria, filia refns Huno-arife. Alius etiam erat filius et h?eres regis Maioricarum, qui ordinem minorum etiam intra^dt. Alius erat frater Philippus, filius regis Hun- garife, qui anno Domini M.CCLXXXV. apud Neapolim in natali Domini cum magnis solempniis intravit ordinem fratrum minorum. Nam dominus Robertus praedictus, germanua sancti Ludowici episcopi, qui tunc erat rex Sicilia?, prsedicavit in missa, et uxor sua, domina Sanxia, soror prsedicti Philippi, in prandio perso- ' Sic. FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONI^E. 541 naliter miiiistravit. Item circa tempus secunda^ pes- tileutite Petrus Infaiis, dux nobilis et gloriosus, de stirpe regali regis Castelli, duas habeiis filias reginas venerabiles, [mundo] renuncians et pom pis ejus ordinis sancti Francisci assmnpsit liabitum, ^piem publice [tri]- bus de . . . arinis, et tandem iu curia Romana mortuus est, et venerabiliter sepultus. XIV. Isti sunt Personce qucedam valentes in sceculo, qui intraverunt ordinem Fratnim Minovum in Anglia. luprimis frater et dominus Robertus de Insula, ^«^Ifs of , , . . the Order, baro de Lyle, intravit ordinem Londoma3, et ibidem sa- cer et professus obiit iv. die mensis Januarii, anno Domini M.CCCXLIII. Frater et dominus Robertus filius Walteri, baro, fundator conventus Colcestriae, intravit ibidem ordinem, anno Domini M.cccxxv. Frater Robertus Hylton, baro de Hyltou, indutus erat in conventu de Brygenorth, in custodia Wigornia^ et sepultus est coram altare Virginis ex parte australi ecclesise. Frater Robertus Lamborne, filius unius baronis, et ultimus liseres illius baroniie, intravit ordinem Londo- nias ; qui postea fuit confessor dominje reginj© Isabella;. Frater Johannes tatmestre, famosus in sseculo, intra- vit Londonia?. Frater V/iUielmus Scliarshille, quondam justiciarius regis Edwardi III., distractis omnibus temporalibus, intravit ordinem, cum lionore magno, Oxonia?. Frater et dominus Rogerus Bourne, miles, sepultus in habitu fratrum Norwici M.cccxxxI^^ 542 PRIMA FUNDATIO Frater Robei-tus Nigrani, ^ quondam miles, iiitravit ordinem, et obiit Notyngliam M.CCCXLVII. Frater Matlia^us Garton, valens armiger, venditis terris suis, factiis est frater minor. Frater J'oliannes Stapilton, liseres magnarmn opmn et dominii, spretis uxore et liaereditate, factus est frater minor. Frater Radulplms de Maydynyston fuit ante introi- tum ordinis episcopus Herfordensis, qui intravit ordi- nem anno Domini M.ccxxxix. Floater Johannes' de Redyng fuit ante introitum or- dinis abbas de Oseneye. Frater Adam de Marysco, doctor Oxonise ante in- gressum ordinis. Frater Alexander Hales, natione AngHcus, doctor, cancellarius, et arcliidiaconus Parisiensis, relicta pompa ssecularis conversationis liabitum fratrum minorum anno Domini M.ccxxvill. assumpsit, in quo virgo et doctor irrefragabilis xvii. annos supervixit, et anno Domini M.CCXLV. Parisius obiit, circa finem assumptionis, in cujus sepultura Odo, legatus domini episcopi, missam celebravit, cum assistentia multorum venerabilium prae- latorum venientium de concilio domini episcopi. Hsec in laudem ejus refert magister Johannes de Garlaundia in libro " de niinisteriis Ecclesioe," qui in- cipit, [" Anglilcyi quo fulcet," et csetera, in fine librL Frater Radulphus de Corbrug, qui fuerat doctor Parisius, et legit Oxonise . . . novicius, intravit enim Parisius ordinem tunc actu regens in theologia. Frater Hugo Wylluby, cancellarius et doctor Oxonise, ac canonicus Eboracensis ecclesi£e. Frater Oliverus Stanwey, doctor utriusque juris et cancellarius C[antebrigi[e]. Frater Johannes Wales, doctor theologize, qui fuit bachellarius in theologia Oxonise. ' Sic. Ingram ? FRATRUM MINORUM LONDONl.E. 643 Frater Eeginaldus Lambourne, primo l)acliillai-ius in theologia de collegio de Mer[tou] prius in online sancti Benedict! doctoratus, ordinem beati Francisci OxonifB in[travit] et obiit Northampton. Frater Johannes de Wynchelsey, doctor theologiio, ac canonicns Sarum, ibidem intravit ordinem, sed obiit novicius. Frater Johannes de Insula juris civilis professor, et quondam decanus de Bakel .... Frater Eustacius de Normanvyle, ([ui fuerat mvdtum nobilis ac dives ; qui fuerat magister artium ac decre- torum, et cancellarius Oxonias. XV. De Secundo Ordine Sancti Francisci. Beata Clara, qui in vita et in morte miraculis mira- biliter claravit. Beata Agnes, soror sanctse Clara3. Beata Ortulana, mater eorundem. Beata Magdalena, soror ordinis sanctce Clara3 in provincia Argentinte. [Be]ata Freburgh juxta Basileam per vi* miliaria. XVI. De Tertio Ordine Sancti Francisci. Sancta Elizabeth, filia regis Hungariso, et comi- tissa Turing-iee. Sancta Brigida, principissa Nercise et filia regis Swecige. Sancta Ethwide in provincia Saxonise. Sancta Rosa, qui jacet Viterbii. Sanctus Elzearius, comes Alzacise. Sanctus Ludowicus viii. rex Francias. APPENDIX OF OHIGINAL DOCUMENTS. M M APPENDIX. I. Ex Chronico cujusdam Thomce Franciscani ad Simo- nem de Essehy Franciscanum de rehus a sua secta, & froscipuG in Anglia, gestis. (Lelandi Collectanea iv. 341.) Ordo Minorum iucepit A.D. 1206. Anno D. 122i. anno 8". Henrici III. venernnt Mino- res in Angiiam, qnatuoi- scilicet clerici, et quinquo laici. Clerici fuenint frater Agnellus Pisanus diaconus ; 2 . frater Richardus de Kingesthorp, natione Anglicus, sa- / cerdos & prtedicator, setate provectior, qui primus extitit qui citra montes populo pl•8edica^dt in ordine ; 3'. Ric- hardus Devoniensis, natione Anglus, ordine acolitus ; 4'. Guliebnus Esseby novitius, Anglus etiam. Conduxerunt sibi donium Loudini in Cornehul, &, construxerunt sibi cellas; Frater Richardus Ingerwrde & Richardus Devoniensis S. All)a. conduxerunt sibi domum Oxonii in parochia S. Albse. Jactis fundamentis religionis iideni profecti Nor- thaniptonam conduxerunt domum in parochia S. Egidii. Primus Gardianus Oxonii Wilhelmus Esseby adhuc novitius. Cantabrigian primus Gardianus frater Thomas de His- Thomas de Iliis|)ania. pania. Frater Joannes de Gernemuta, vir magnaa sanctitatis, qui postea obiit Notinghamite, et sepultus est inter canonicos Selfordite. Adam de Exonia post ingressum profectus est nd papam Gregorium IX. a quo missus est nd ])ra;dicaii- dum inter Saracenos, sed a])ud Barlete obiit.. M Jt 2 548 APPENDIX I. Intravit autem Adam de Marisco apud Wigorniam. Post hos intravit frater Jo: de Reading, abbas sci- licet Osneise. Post hunc Mr. Richardiis Rufus, tani Oxoniaa quam Parisiis fama clarissimvis. Primo receperunt " Cantabri?e fratres vill» burgenses, assignantes eis veterem synagogam, quse erat contigua carceri. Apud Salisbury dedit areara fratribus Dominus rex Henricus, ecclesiam vero redificavit quidam burgensis, nomine Ricliardus. s ' Pude. Post per cives introducti sunt in villam, ubi nunc sunt. Prater Hugo de Baldok, Philippus de London, Wil- helmus de Esseby, primi ex Minoribus pr^dicabant in Anglia. Promovit autem plurimum pr?edicantes adventus fi-a- tris Haymonis de Faversham, qui cum tribus aliis ma- gistris apud S. Dionysium famosus prsedicator intravit. s Primo custos fuit Parisiis, postea lector : '' conu po- situs est. '*"*' Bononia3 et Padua^. In legatione quoque in Grro- ciam ad '' Natacm principem a pi?e memoria3 Gregorio -M- missus est. Venit autem in Angliam cum fratre Haymone frater Wilhelmus de Cole vy lie senior, cujus germana post- modum in ecclesia cathedrali Cicestrise pro castitate observanda ssevissime jugulata est. " Sic in Auto(/rapho Lelandiano. Sed Cantabrigiae in Apogr. Galeano. ^ Sic, cum S supra P, et siyno sul) u. ■^ Sic, cum S supra u, et stigno sub linea. '' Sic, eum virgula supra lin. et siyno infra. APPENDIX I. .UO Ricluirdus Riifus cum Haymono prolectus est in Franciam, ct ad curiam contra Helyam turbatorem ordinis. Venit et tunc temporis Radulj)liu« de Rosa, magnus Pniedicator et familiarissinius Henrico, postea Grcgorii papse poenitentiarius. Obiit in curia plenus dieruiu. Venit & tunc frater Henricus de Reresby, qui postea datus fuifc in Ministrum Scotiii) cum esset vicarius custodis OxonifB, sed prseventus fuit morte. Mortuus est Leyrcestrise, cui successit Joannes de Kechene, Gar- dianus de London. Sub fratre Haymone in nonnullis locis facta est arearum ampliatio. Sub fratre Wilhehno de Abyngdon mutatus est locus Ebori, locus Bristolia3, locus de Brugewater, locus de Grymmesby, et locus Oxonii^. Frater Agnellus fecit scliolam honestam rudificari in usus fratrum Oxonia?, ubi legebat Grostest, postea epi- scopus Lincolnise. Cui successit in lectione Mr. Petrus, postea episcopus in Scotia, Delude Mr. Joannes do Weseham, qui postea decanus fuit Lincolnise et epi- scopus Coventrensis. Post quern legit magister Thomas Walleus, postea episcopus S. Davidis. Unde minister generalis Helias misit pro Philippe Wallensi, & fratre Adam de Eboraco ut Lugduni lege- rent. Fratrem quoque Vincentium de Coventre frater Al- bertus in adventu suo lectorem Londonia3 germanum- (jue fratrem suum Henricum Cantuari;e lectorem con- stituit. Et sic paulatim per diversa loca positi smit lectores, scilicet frater Wilhelmus de Leyccstria Herfor- di;i?, frater Gregorius de Bosel Leycestri?e, frater Gilber- tus de Cranford Bristollire, frater Joannes de Weston Cantabrigia', frater Adam de Marisco Oxoniir. Ita ut ante absolutionem fratris Wilhelmi de Noting- ham essent in Anglia xxx. lectores» 550 APPENDIX I. A.D. 1308. legit Oxoniic })riinus iVatiuiu Adam de Marisco. 2\ frater Radulplius de Coleburg, qui prius Parisiis laudabiliter rexerat. 3'. frater Eiisfachius de Normanvyle, prius Mr. artiuiii, doctor decretorum, et cancellarius Oxon : 4". Thcanas de Eboraco. 5\ frater Ricbardus Rufus Cornubieiisis, qui eo tempore, quo fra- ter Helias turbavit religionem Parisiis ingressus est. Postea legit cursorie Sententias Parisiis, ubi inagister et mirabilis philosoplius judicatus est, 6^ frater Jo: Wal- leus. 7'. frater Tbomas Dokking. 8". frater Henricus Brisinsliam. 9'. frater Willi elmus de Heddele. 10'. frater Thomas de Bungey. 1 1 . frater Joannes Peccliam, qui incepit Parisiis, et resumpsit Oxonia3 ; tandem e])i- scopus Cantuariiu. Legerunt Cantabrigige frater Vincentius de Coventre, frater Jo: de Weston, frater W^ilhelmus Pictavensis, fra- ter Humfredus. Frater Haymu, Angiicus, sextus ab Helia fuit mi- nister generalis. /. e. totius onllnis Franciscani. Lelandus. Haymo Roma3 commendatus papa3 per Richardum Somerton Cardiualem. Roma3 in capitulo quo depositus fuit frater Helias, minister generalis, Haymo electus fuit in ministrum totius Anglipe. Postea electus fuit in minstrimi (jenc- ralein. Lelandus. Mortuus est Haymo senex Anagnite, ad quern visi- tandum dignatus est venire Imioccntius IV. Floruit Gul. de Notingham Oxonise tempore Joamiis de Parma, octavi ministri generalis ; cui successit Bona- ventura, magnus ille tbeologus. Consueverunt in ipso die ingrcssus, si vellent, pro- fiteri. Sic que fecit frater pia3 memorise Rogerus Bacon. Frater Gul. de Notingliam & frater Petrus de Tewkesbyri ostcnderunt Domino Papte Innocentio qua3 suus statuerat prtedece.ssoi'. APPENDIX I. 551 Frater Haymo per unum anuuiu niiiiistravit in Auglia, et postea in generalem electus est. Successit autem ei vicariiis siius frater Gul. de Notingliam. Frater Nicolaus, qui, cum laicus esset, literas did lei t Nicolaus in Aup-lia, postea confessor Innocentii IV. et episconus -^'.'^'•"■s Assisii factus est. Si rede mcmini, S. Franciscus Assis- natus fuit Assisii. Lelandus. ^^"^^^* Frater Eustachius de Merc, vir famosro religionis. Frater Robertus de Turnham, gardianus Linnise, tan- quani signifer cum cruce signatis in terram sanctam profectus est. Frater Aumistinus Gul. de Notingbam germanus :^"ff"st'nus o . ... NotiDfrhani Innocentio IV. famibaris, postea episcopus Laodicensis. episcopus Igitur postquam circiter quatuordecim annos idem ^Jg"'^"'^'"" Wilbebmis provinciam Angbre rexisset, in capitulo Gul. Metensi absobitus est, pauloque post Janute ex peste ^^^^^ ^^^ obiit. Genuac. 552 APPENDIX II. II. Divinity Readers in the University of Oxford. (From MS. Nero A. IX. See Eccleston, p. 30. n.) Sextus, frater J. ^Vallensis. Septimu.s, frater T. Dockinge. Octavus, frater A. de Brisigham. Nonus, frater W. de Heddele. Deciiims, frater T. de Bungeya. TJndecimus, frater J. de Pecliam, qui primo incepit Parisius, postea resumpsit Oxonias, postea magister curia?, postea archiepiscopus Cantuarit^. Duodecimus, frater H. de Apeltre. Tertius decimus, frater R. de Cruce. Quartus decimus, frater R. de Toftis, Quintus decimus, frater Alanus de Rodano. Sextus decimus, frater Rogerus de Marston. Septimus decimus, frater Alamis de Wakerfeld. Duodevicesimus, frater N. de Ocliam. Undevicesimus, frater Walterus de KiioUe. Vicesimus, frater H. de Hertepol. Vicesimus primus, frater J. de Persora. Notandum quod secundum alia chronica quartus ma- gister, sc. proximus post fratrcm Eustacliium, hie non nominatur, nee alicubi reperivi nomen ejus expressum ; et quintus post fratrem T. de E[boraco] ^ On the reverse of the leaf the names are thus continued in a more recent hand : — Vicesimus secundus, frater Johannes de Berewyco ; jacet Stanford. Pared away from the margin. APPENDIX II. 553 Vicesiniiis tertius, frater Johannes de Baineby. Vicesiniiis quartns, IraterAdam de Lincolnia, po:5tea minister Anglia? ; jacet Lincolniie. Yicesinnis quintus, frater Willielmns de Geynisljorn, qui primus fuerat minister, et postea magister in curia pappe legit, et demum episcopus Wigorniai ; jacet apud Beluacum. Vicesimus sextus, frater Johannes Basset. Vicesimus Septimus, frater Thomas Rondel ; jacet Londoniai^. Vicesimus octavus, frater Ada de Howden. Vicesimus nonus, frater Philippus de Briddilton. Tricesimus, frater Petrus de Haldeswel. Tricesimus primus, frater Johannes de Horley. Tricesimus secundus, frater Martinus de AInewika. Tricesimus tertius, frater Robertus de Beverlaco. Tricesimus quartus, frater Richardus de Coniton, postea minister ; jacet Cantebrigia\ Tricesimus quintus, frater Thomas de Pontefracto. Tricesimus sextus, frater Petrus de Sutton ; jacet StanfordiiTe. Tricesimus Septimus, frater Ranulphus de Rockysley ; jacet WigornifE. Tricesimus octavus, frater AVillielmus de Sc]i}r- bourne. Tricesimus nonus, frater Willielmus de Notingham, postea minister Angliiie. Quadragesimus, frater Johannes de Wylton. Quadragesimus primus, frater Johannes de Combe ; jacet Oxonite. Quadragesimus secundus, frater Williehnus de Al- newyke, qui postea apud Montem Bononiic Neapoli legit ; demum episcopus. Quadragesimus tertius, frater Willielmu8 Herberd ; jacet Hereford] te. Quadragesimus quartus, frater Thomas de Sancto Duns tan 0. 55 i APPENDIX II. Qiuuliagesiinus quintus, frater Johannes de Radingia jacet Avinonire. Quadi-agesimus sextus, frater Johannes de Thornton. Quadragesimus septinius, frater Richardus de Dray- ton ; jacet Salopiie. Qiiadragesimus octavus, frater Robertiis de Leyces- tria. Quadragesimus nonus, frater Walterus de Foxisley. Quinquagesimus, frater Henricus Cruclie. Quinqnagesimns primus, frater Johannes de Ratforde, Quinquagcsinius secundus, frater Johannes de Pres- ton. Quinquagesimus tertius, frater Walterus de South- ampton. (?) Quinqnagesimus qnartus, frater Johannes de Ride- vans. Quinquagesimus (^uintus, frater Laurentius Briton. Quinquagesimus sextus, frater Johannes de Rudin- ton. Quinquagesimus septimus, frater Johannes de How- den. Quinquagesimus octavus, frater G. Stanfoiih. Quinquagesimus nonus, frater Edmundus de Grafton. Sexagesimus, frater Stephanus Sorel. Sexagesimus primus, frater Adam Wodham. Sexagesimus secundus, frater Robertus de Redclive. Sexagesimus tertius, frater Thomas Ratford. Sexagesimus quartus, frater Johannes Went. Sexagesimus quintus, frater Thomas Oterborne. Sexagesinuis sextus, frater Johannes Yaleys. Sexagesimus septimus, frater Richardus Malevile de custodia Londinensi.^ ' All the names from the G2d to the end have beeu added in a more re- cent hand. APPENDIX Hi. 555 in. Frafrum Minorum Mofjldri Cojitahi'iijioj. (From Eccleston ; Nero, A. IX. f. 78.) Primus, frater Vincentius de Covcntre. Seciindus, frater W. Pictaveiisis. Tertius, frater Eustachius de Normaiivile, qui incepit Oxonire, et resumpsit ibi. Quartus, frater J. de Westone. Quintus, frater W. de Milton. Sextus, frater T. de Eboraco, sed incepit Oxoniie. Septimus, frater Umfridus de Hautboys. Octavus, frater W. de Wynbourne. Nonus, frater Rob. de Royston. Decimus, frater Walterus de Ravigliain. Undecimus, frater W. de Assewelle. Duodecimus, frater Rogerus de Marst<:>n ; incepit Ox- onian. Decimus tertins, frater T. Brisigham, sed incepit Ox- oniEB, etc. Decimus quartns, frater J. de Lereringfot.' Decimus quintus, frater Th. de Bungeya, sed incepit Oxonian. , Decimus sextus, frater Rob. de Worstede. Decimus septimus, frater Henricus de Apcltre. . Duodevicesimus, frater Bartholomseus de Stalam. Undevicesimus, frater Ric. de Southwerke. Vicesimus, frater Ric. de Burton. Vicesimus imus, frater Galfridus de Tudington. ' The third letter has been blur- j tlie scribe intended to obliterate or red. I cannot determine -whether correct it. 556 APPENDIX III. Vices! miLS secundus, frater J. Kiissel. Vicesimus tertius, fratev Walterus de Knolle, sed incepit Oxonise. Vicesimus quartus, frater J. de Kymberley. Vicesimus quintus, frater W. Fingringho. Vicesimus sextus, frater J. de Linpenho. Vicesimus Septimus, frater Ricardus de Temple. Vicesimus octavus, frater Galfridus Heyroun. Vicesimus nonus, frater Adam de Houeden, sed incepit Oxonine. Tricesimus, frater Ric. de Trillek. Tricesimus unus, frater Ric. de Coniton, sed incepit Oxonire, et resumpsit Cant. Tricesimus secundus, frater Symon de Saxlingham. Tricesimus tertius, frater Ric. de Grymeston. Tricesimus quartus, frater J. de Wateley. Tricesimus quintus, frater W. DofFeld. Tricesimus sextus, frater Rogerus Dunemede. Tricesimus septimus, frater Walterus Beaton. Tricesimus octavus, frater Ric. de Sloler (J) Tricesimus nonus, frater Robertus de Cave. Quadragesimus, frater Ranulphus de Grenton. Quadragesimus unus, frater Thomas de Hyndringliam. Qadragesimus secundus, frater Symon de Hussebourne. Quadragesimus tertius, frater Edmundus Marchal. Quadragesimus quartus, frater Walterus de Blockes- Avourtbe. Quadragesimus quintus, frater Thomas de Elmedene. Quadragesimus sextus, frater Heiiricus de Costesey. Quadragesimus septimus, frater Robertus de Yrtone. Quadragesimus octavus, frater Thomas de Cannynge. Quadragesimus nonus,' frater Rodulphus Pigaz. Quinquagesimus, frater W. de Lilleford. Quinquagesimus unus, frater R. Bevercote. The scribe by mistake has repeated this numbex*. APPENDIX TIT. 557 Quinquagesiiims seciuidus, fratcr Bartlioloniaeus de Rippes, Quinquagesimus tertius, fiater Heniicus de Hycliiu- tone. Quinquagesimus quaitiis, frater Willielinus de Cliit- terne. Quinquagesimus quintus, frater Willielmus Stainton. Quinquagesimus sextus, frater Robertus Aliftix. Quinquagesimus septimus, frater Ricliardus Kellawe. Quinquagesimus octavus, frater Johannes Russel. Quinquagesimus nonus, frater Gilbertus Peekam. Sexagesimus, frater Johannes de Casan (?) de pro- vincia Janufe. Sexagesimus unus, frater Williehnus Tithemers, de eustodia Oxonise. Sexagesimus secundus, frater Willielmus Dormyntone'?) de eustodia Bristollise. Sexagesimus tertius, frater Ric. de Haltone. Sexagesimus quartus, frater Johannes Kellaw. Sexagesimus quintus, frater Jacobus de Pennis, postea episcopus. Sexagesimus sextus, frater Adam de Hely. Sexagesimus septimus, frater Petrus de Arragonia. Sexagesimus octavus, frater Walterus de Bykertone. Sexagesimus nonus, Johannes de Autringham. Septuagesimus, frater Walterus de Stowe. Septuagesimus unus, Rogerus de Cicilia. Septuagesimus secundus, frater Will, de Harlestone. Septuagesimus tertius, fi-ater . . . de Walsham. Septuagesimus quartus, frater Willielmus de Fole- nyk (?)^ Blurred and illegible. 558 APPENDIX IV, IV. Oenerales Ministri Ordlnis Fratrum MlnoTum, (lb. MS. Nero, A. IX. f. 102.) Minister primus, frater Franciscus, fundator ordinis Biinorum jacet apud Assisiura. Minister secundus, frater Elias, quondam scriptor Bo- noniaa. Minister tertius, frater Joliannes Parent, primus minis- ter Hispanise. Minister quartus, frater Elias iterato. Minister quintus, frater Albertus Pisanus, primus minister Anglic. Minister sextus, frater Haymo de Faversham, minister Angliffi prius. Minister Septimus, frater Crescentius, medicus famo- sissimus, postea episcopus unde fuit oriundus. Minister octavus, frater Joliannes Parma, qui cursorie legit sententias Parisiis. Minister nonus, frater Bonaventura, doctor tbeologise, postea cardinalis et episcopus Albae. Minister decimus, frater Jeronymus, postea cardinalis, deinde summus pontifex, dictus Nicbolaus IV. Minister undecimus, frater Allotus, doctor Parisiensis jacet ibidem. Minister duodecimus, frater Mattlipeus, doctor Parisi- ensis, postea cardinalis. Minister tertius decimus, frater Paymundus, qui legit sententias cursorie Parisiis, postea doctor ibidem. Minister decimus quartus, frater Johannes de Murro, doctor tlieologise, postea magister palatii, deinde car- dinalis. APPENDIX lY. 559 Minister decimus quiutiis, frater Gunsolvus, doctor Parisiis ; jacet ibidem. Minister decimiis sextus, frater Alexander, qui incepit Rom», et resumpsit Parisiis. Minister decimus Septimus, frater Michael de Cersano, magister Parisius, a papa Johanne XXII. depositus. Minister decimus octavus, frater Geraldus Odonis, [postea patriarcha Antiochenus et episcopus Catha- nensis. Minister decimus nonu.s, frater Fortunerius Vasalli, doctor Parisiensis. Minister vicesimus, frater Willielmus Farinarii, elec- tus pro catliedi'a Parisiensi, qui incepit in curia Avinoniee.^] V. Ministri Provinciales in Anglia. (From an old hand in the blank leaf of the same. Nero, A. IX. f. 103, entitled "Liber de Conventu Here- fordpe.") Ministri Provinciales Anglia'. Primus minister, frater Angnellus Pisanus, qui jacet Oxonipe. Secundus minister, frater Albertus Pisanus, postea generalis. Tertius minister, frater Haymo Anglicus, postea ge- neralis. Quartus minister, frater Willielmus de Notingham ; jacet Marsili?e. Quintus minister, frater Petrus de Teukesbury ; jacet Bedeforda\ » [postea . . . AvinonifP.'] Added in a more recent hand. 560 APPENDIX V. SextiLS minister, frater Johannes de Staunford ; Lin- nise jacet. Septimus minister, frater Petrus Swynesfled ; jacet LeycestriiB. Octavus minister, frater Johannes de Bungey, magis- ter Oxonise ; jacet Norliampton. Nonus minister, frater Johannes Peccham, magister Parisius et in curia Roinana, archiepiscopus Cantua- riensis. Decimus minister, frater Petrus Hugo de Bath- oniee. TJndecimus minister, frater E-obertus de Cruce, ma- gister Oxonise ; jacet Brigge waiter. Duodecimus minister, frater Williehnus de Geynes- liurgh, qui in curia Romana legit cursorie et ordinarie, doctor theologise, et episcopus Wigornifie. Tertius decimus minister, fi-ater Rogerus de Mersche- ton, doctor theologize. Decimus quartus minister, frater Hugo de Hertepole, doctor theologize ; apud Assisium jacet. Decimus quintus minister, frater Adam de Lyncolne, doctor theologian. Decimus sextus minister, frater Rich, de Coniton, doctor theologize. Decimus septimus minister, frater Will, de Xotting- ham, doctor theologine. Decimus octavus minister, frater Rogerus de Denemed, doctor theologise Cantebrugte. Decimus nonus minister, fi-ater Johaimes de Rodyng- ton, doctor theologise Oxonian, do eadem custodia. Vicesimus minister, fi-ater Johannes de Went, doctor theologize Oxonia?, de custodia Bristolle, et jacet Herefordicie. Vicesimus primus minister, frater Williehnus Tithe- mersch, qui incepit Cantabrigize, qui fuit absolutus . . . tempus ministrorum successorum suorum. APPENDIX V. 5G1 Vicesimus secnndus minister, frater Rogeriis Coneway, qui iiicepit Oxoniro, ct sepultvi.s est Loiie turnyd in too other necessiteis. The V. is, that when any almys ys laide or put in eny mannys bond for the necessiteis of the bretherne, the whiche necessiteis yf they require long tyme or euer they can be gottynn, then the bretherne shold make protestacion to him that gevithe the ahnys that as longe as this almys is not spent he maye take hit as his owiie and revoke yt at his pleasure ayen. The VI. is that the almys is laid downe to the bretherne ozte to obteyne lycens of hym that gevithe yt if nede be he substitute or ordeyne a nother man in his name to doo the almys. The VI. toche the second pryncipall. The thrid principalle ys that the brethren of ther parte must kepe a certcn waye and forme as touching the almys, and also them that kepe suche almes, in the whiche princypalle III. thinggis ar to be notid principally, here folowynge. The first is, that in no money that is geveyne too them that maye haue noo lorde shipe, actione, APPENDIX VII.. 571 or admiiiistracion, or dispeiisatioiin tlier in, nor yit in wille to liane suclic lorde «liipc. The IP" is, that how so ciicr lie l)eliauythc liyni self that kepiih the money in hit the}^ cannot tronble liyni out of tlie lawe in any wise, other l)y action or by eny other niene, nor yet axe a cownte of the forsaide money, nor yet, as Pope Clement declare the, to ke])e a keye of the cheste ther as the money is. The thrid is, that as long as the money shalle remayne at eny persone that in no wise thei she we eny tokyn in worde or in dede wher l;»y it may appere that they haue eny pour or yet despensatioun in the forsaid money. Also they shallo not bere yt nor thinke hyt in their liarte, but allonlye yt is graunted untoo them to shew ther necessiteis and to procure almys for them and payment. And yf they that kepe the almys be neclygent and wille not fulfill the mynde of hym that gave yt they can do nothynge unto hym but alonly exorte hym to be ware of his conscience, and that he bcliaue hymsclf as a trewe man shold doo in that tliiiig that ys conunitted to his fidclite and trust. Here folovjifhe o' good Note. A certen generall constitution forl)iddith tluit in no wise vppon good fryday or ellis in other tymcs when the seclars be wont to cum and kysse the crucyfixe of ther deuotion that they be not sufferd to haue eny place wher in they may offer money : and her is to be notid that by money is nott alonly undrestond coynne, but all thynge that may be solde.for money, and yf it shold happyn that eny suclie were otierid upp yt may not be s])ent in the vse of the bretherne, for yf they so do they doo ageynst the rewle and agenst the declaration of I*ope Clement. A nother ys to be notid, that in sum placis seculars whiche be callid bretherne too the bretlierne of our ordre vnder the 572 APPENDIX VII. coloure of deuotione wille begge indyftereiitly money in tlie market or in the strete for our bretlierne, and wille cum to them sayinge in this wise, " Come to me when " hit please you, for I haue almys for you," the whiche yf they knewe that ye were so gottyn they shalle not resceive yt. for it is agenst ther state for they resceive money by a mene person. Also yt is forbiddyn in the rewle that the bretherne in no wise shalle enter in to the monasteries of nonnys, the whiche Pope Nicholas de- cL'irith, saying in this wise, " Yt is nat alonly forbiddyn " to go too the sisters of Sent Clare, but also generally " to go to eny other monastery of nunnis ; for in no " maner of wyse they may go vnto the systers of the " orch-e of Sent Clare, thot that in ii. casis yt is " grauntyd to them to go too other monasteriis," and that is for to say, other for to preclie the word of God or ellis for to beo-o-e and that alwaies with the licence of ther prelate, so that in no Avise thei go eny forther tlienn the seclars may go by the lawe, that is to saye, they enter in to the cloyster or any other inward parties of the monastery. Finis. Deo Gratias. Here fuloive the Articles that Pope Clement saithe that tite Bretherne he hownde to hepe viider payne of dcdly Synne. The first is that, the bretherne shalle not have mo then onn cote with a hode, and a nother Avithoute a hode, and thoughe that the rewle say soo, neuertheles Pope Nicholas saithe that the bretherne may haue mo yf they haue nede, and alweye with the licens of theire prelatis. The II*^"" is, that the bretherne shalle were no shone. The III'"' is, that the bretherne shal not ride withoute a grete manifest neces-itee. The APPENDIX YU. 573 IIIP'' is, that the bretherno shaUo hauo vile and cowrse garmentis. The V"' is, that they shalle fast from Alholowtyd vnto Ciistmas and eiieiy friday. Tlie VI. is, that the clerkis shal saye the devyne servis after the vse of the Chirche of Rome. The VII. is, that mynisters and wardyns shalle diligently take hede untoo them that arre to be elothyd. The VIII. is, that yf eny brodre be seke the other brotherne owolite too serne hym as they wolde be saruyd them self The IX. is, that the bretherne preche not in the bisshoperiche of eny bisshope yf he be forliidden of hym. The X"> is, that the bretherne shalle not preche but yf they be examenyd of the generalle mynister. The XL is, that the bretherne shalle knowe themself nat able to kepe the rewle spiritually they sholde haue recours to ther ministers. The XII. is, that alle thino-is that arre put in the reule as tochinge the fourme of the habyt aswell of the novyce as of the profest bretherne ; but yf it shalle seme otherwise necessarie in the habyte of the novys too them that resceyve them. Thes beene the articles aforeseid. Fini Here, folouih a good Note. For asmoche as saynt Frauncis saith in his rewle that the bretherne shold beware that they medle nat with the temporalle goodis of novicis. Pope Clement asketh here iiii. questions whiche be thes that folowe : — The first is, whether the bretherne may resceive eny thinge of ther goodis yf they gyve them eny, and he answerithe and sayth, that they may resceive if they haue any necessite, so that they that geve yt too them as to other poure peopulle, neuertheles he sayth that they shold beware that thei resceive no gret somme 574 APPENDIX VII. lest somme sclannder maye cum therof. The 11''« is wlietlier they ma3^e enduce them too geve them any thing, and lie saith naye. The thrid is, whether they may geve them counselle in distributing of ther good, and saithe also naye, hut they shold them send to somme parsone that ferith God as cure holy rule saithe. Also yt is to be notyd that after our rewle we may haue recours to our spirituell frendis but in ii. causis, that is to saye, for them that be seeke and for them that be to be clothid ; but oure holy fadre Pope Clement declaring this passe of tlie rewle saithe, that we may haue recours to them also yf that we shold happyn to lacke mete and drynk. Finis. The generalle Staluiis made in lite genevall Chajntre callid Bcrcynondc Jiaihe ordeynd that no inan shalhe resceived to the Ordre hut he have these thingis that foloive. The first is, that he beleve of the Catholyk feith; the II j^ is, that he be suspecte of no erroure ; the III''^ is, that he be not bounde to matrimony ; the nil* is, that he be nat unlaufully begotten ; the V. is, that he be hoole of body ; the VI"' is, that he be prompte of mynde ; the VI I^^^ is, tliat he be not in det ; the VIII"' is, that lie be not a bonde man borne ; the IX^,^ yf he be clerke at the leste that he be goynge of XVI yere of age ; the X*^"* that he be of good name and fame ; the XI^, that he be competently lernyd, or ellis that he be of suche con- chtioun that he maye profete the bretherne by laboure ; the XII''' that he be of such condition that his re- ception maye be grete edification to the peple. Also liit is ordeynd that no mann shalbe resceived to the APPENDIX VII. 575 ordre for a laye brodre wifclioute he liaiie at tlio lest xx'' yeris of age, and at the most he passe nat \Y' yere, but yf it be so, that he be so notable or noble a persoun that throwghe his resccivinge grete edification may comme too the peple. Also we forbydde tliat none of the ordre of mendicantis maye be resceived to tills ordre ; and if the contrary be done, yt is voide and of none effecte. We warne and exhorte the bre- therne tliat in tyme congrewe they geve them self to deuotion, therfore lest the spirite of deuotion be put out throt inquietnes, we ordeyn that sylens be kept after that complenn be done till the first pele to pryme of the next day folowinge be runge. Also they must kepe sylence in the qwere in the church, in the cloister, in the refectory, botlie at the first dynare and at the IP". Also from Ester to the fest of the Exaltation of the Cros, after the II, dynare, after the frater lip - ' belle be ronge tiUe the first pele be rvmge to none. Also we exhorte the brethern that they wille .speke softe and religiusly in euery place, and specially in the dormitory. And that the silence may be the better kept, we wille that the bretherne shalle not })as tlie churche, the oratory, tlie cloyster, the lybrary, the dormitory and the secrete place after that compleyne is sayde tille the first pele be ronge to prime in the mornynge except them that be seke, and they tliat sarue them and straungers. As towching our habite and clothinge, yt is ordeyned that the breddithe of the hode pas not the sholder boone, and that the lenghte thereof pas not the coorde behinde; and the lenghte of the habit shalle nat pas the lenkithe of hjan that werethe yt, and tlie breddith therof haue nat past xvi. spannys at the most, nor les then xiiii., but yf the gretnes of the brodre require more after the mjrnd of the warden, and the lenghte of the slevis shall cum ouer the vtter joynt of the finger and no further. And the Ijrethern may haue mantellis of vyle 576 APPENDIX VII. and course clothe, not curiusly made or pynched aboute the necke, nat towching the graiind by a hole spanne. Also the bretherne shall nener slepe withonte ther habyte corde and femeral ; and he that dothe the con- trary shall ete his dyner at the next refection without his habite. Ther corde shalbe vyle and rewde, alle curiusnes put awaye, or yf eny brodre toche or handle any niony or coyne or kepithe hit in his selle, yf he amende hym nat after the first warnyng, he shalbe putt in presoun. Also yt is ordeynd, that the fast enioyned to vs by the rewle shallje fastid in lentyn mete ; also the vigellis of the apostillis shalbe fastid bothe within and withowte, except Philippe and Jacobbe, Saynt Johne the Euangeliste, and Saynt Barnabas ; and as for Saynt Bartilmewe evon shalbe fastid, and the feste kept after the vse of the countrey ther as the bretlierne be. Saynt Frauncis evyn must be fastid. And when the bretherne ete flesche, let them kepe goode temperance, and at nyghte the bretherne that be hole and in ther couent shall not ete flesche but yf sumtynie the prelatis of a resonable cause wille dispence with that. And the wardens diligently must take hede that a resonable cause they geve noo lycence to ther bretherne to ete from the communyte. Also euery brother slialle haue a confessor assigned hym by the wardene, to the whiche he shallbe at the lest in the weke be shrivyn ii. tymes, and ons in fourtnyghte too be howselyd in the high mas, but yf he be di spensid withalle of the presedent. Also for the vtter counversa- tion of the bretherne, yt is ordeyned that no brother shalle goo owte vv^ithout a felowe, nor yet bide in eny place without a felowe. And when thei go in the towne that they goo into none other place then they be sent vnto but for a resonable cause, and to be schewyd to ther prelat at ther commyng home. Also the bretherne shalnat ete nor drynk in no place where we haue a couent, but yf it be with grete estatis or APPENDIX VI I. 577 prelatis, or in religius houses ; and yf any doo tlie contrarye an hole day he shall drynk nothinge Lut water. Alsoo we ordeyne, that no brother of lower degree then the provincialle may assoyle any brodre that is inhobedient presnmptuusly or of proprietary, nor of the synnes of the flesch or of thefte, or eny notable thinge or vile or litle thingis oftene stollenn, or of laying violently hondis one a brother, or of beryino- fals witnes, iugenient or of makynge of any bille of diffamation or slawndre or of counterfetyng any sele of any notable personue or of falsly accusyng any mann to his diffamation, and he called inobedient })re- sumptuusly that after iii competent warnynggis ' abidethe in his stordynes a hole day naturalle. Also no confessorre may assoile any brother of vnclenly towchinge or of sterynge of ther self knowleginge too the synne of the flesshe withoute he haue pour to as- sr»ile in the synne of the flesshe. Also, if any brother counterfete or breke opynne any letter of a prynce, or counterfet or breke the sele of a generalle or provincial j manifest, yf it be lawfully knowyn and prouyd, he i shalbe prisonyd, and yf it be the generallis letter or sele or his commissaries he shalnat be delyuerid out of prisons withoute his special licence. Also, the bretherne shall shewe to the wardenn pi-evely after they haue benn forthe the notable defawtis of ther felowe. ' Also for the chosinge of newe officers yt is ordeynde that the wardens shalbe chosynn by the bretherne of the place, in the whiche electione noo laye bretherne shalle haue a voice. And the confirmation of tlie same pertaynethe to the generalle or the provincialle. Also, yt ys ordeynd that iii tynies every v/eke shalbe kepte chapiter in euery couent. Also euery lay brother shalle saye euery weke an c. paternosters, and as meny aveis for alle Cristene so wily s and for alle the bre- therne that be ded in the ordre. And yf they may nat say it in one weke they may saye it in a nother. Also o o 578 APPENDIX VII. yereJy for the bretliernn and other specialle frendis that be dede the whiche were recommendid in the generalle chapter a c. paternosters, and as many aveis, Also for that be alive a c. paternosters and as many aves. Also for oure benefactours, the whiche resceive vs as we go by the weye every laye brother must saye within the octane of Seynt Francis a c. pater- nosters with as many aveis. Also it ys ordeynd that for the cardinal le protectoure of this ordre yf he dye in the tyme of his office, euery lay brother shall saye ccc. paternosteis, and as many aveis, like as many for the generalle yf he dye in his office. And for our benefactours and for owre bretherne that bed, and for them that he buried in our placis three tymes in the yere, the sayd iDretherne sliall saye a c. paternosters, &c. Hit is too say the day before Marie Maudleyne day, the day before Michelmas day, and the munday after Septuagesima. Also the last day before Advent, the laye bretherne shall say c. paternosters, and as many avis for the faders and mothers of the bretherne. Also yt is ordeynde, that for euery brother that dieth in the office of a warden or custos or provincialship, euery lay brother shall saye a c. paternosters, and as many aveis, and likewise a c. paternosteris the laye bretherne must saye for euery brother that diethe in the couent ther as they be, &c. And thowghe that the statu tis bynde vs no more, neuertheles a lawdabulle custome that for euery brother in what covent so euer he diethe in, shold be said for his sowle a c. pater- nosters. Deo gTatias. Amen. Finis. APPEND [X VTTT. 579 The Castodie.s and Wardensliips of tlio Fi-iavfi Minor in Enu'land. The Wardensliip of London had nine convents: — 1. London Convent, near Newgate (St. Francis'). 2. Canterbury. 3. Winclielsea, in Sussex. 4. Southampton, in Hampsliire (St. Mary's). 5. Ware, in Hertfordshire. G. Lewis, in Sussex. 7. Chichester, in Sussex (St. Peter's). 8. Sahsbury (St. Francis'). 9. Winchester (St. Francis') II. The Wardenship of York had seven Convents : — 1. York. 2. Doncaster, in Yorkshire. 3. Lincoln. 4. Boston, in Lincolnshire. 5. Beverley, in Yorkshire. 0. Scarborough, in Yorkshire. 7. Grimsby, in Lincolnshire. III. The Wardenship of Cambridge had nine Convents :- L Cambridge (St. Francis'). 2. Norwich (St. Francis'). 3. Colchester. 4. St. Edmund's Bury, Suffolk, o o 2 080 APPENDIX VflT. 5. Deenwich, in Suffolk. 6. Walsingliam, in Norfolk (St. Mary's). 7. Yarmouth (St. Francis'). 8. Ipswich (St. Francis'j. 9. Lynn, in Norfolk (St. Francis'). IV. The Wardenship of Bristol had nine Convents. 1. Bristol. 2. Gloucester. 3. Bridgewater (St. Francis'). 4. Hereford (St. Guthlake's). 5. Exeter (St. John Baptist's). G. Carmarthen. 7. Dorset (St. Francis'). 8. Cardiff (St. Francis'). 9. Bodmin. V. Tlie Wardenship of Oxford had eight Convents : — 1. Oxford (St. Francis'). 2. Reading, Berkshire. 3. Bedford. 4. Stamford, Lincolnshire. 5. Nottingham (St. Francis'). 6. Northampton (St. Francis'). 7. Leicester (St. Francis'). 8. Grantham. VI. The Wardenship of Newcastle had nine Convents : — 1. Newcastle (St. Francis'). 2. Dundee. 8. Dumfries. 4. Haddington. 5. Carlisle. APPENDIX VIII. -381 6. Hartlepool. 7. Berwick. 8. Roseburg. 9. Richmond, Yorksliire. VII. The Wardenship of Worcester had nine Convents : — 1. Worcester. 2. Preston, Lancaster. 3. Bridgeworthj Shropshire. 4. Shrewsbury. 0. Coventry. 6. Chester. 7 Lichfield. 8. Lancaster. 9. Stafford. 5S2 APPENDIX IX. IX. Ordinances for the household of Bishop Grostete. (From the Sloane MS. 1980. f. 193. veil.) Tpiough entitled Ordinances for the Household of Bishop Grostete, this is evidently a Letter addressed to the Bishop on the management of his Household by some very intimate friend. From the terms used in the Letter, it is clear that the writer must have been on confidential terms with tlie Prelate. I cannot affirm positively that the ^vl•iter was Adam de Marisco, althouofh to no other would this document be attri- buted with greater probability. No one else enjoyed such a degree of Grostete's affection ; none would have ventured to address him with so much familiarity. Besides, the references made more than once by Adam de Marisco in his letters to the management of the Bishop's household, greatly strengthen this supposition. See pp. 100. 170. The MS. is a small quarto on vellum, in the writing of the 15th century. It is in all probability a transla- tion from a Latin original. Incipiunt Statuta Familice bonce memorlce do.inpni Roherti Qrossetest Lincolniw episcopi. Let alle men be warned that seruen ton and warnynge be ^eue to alle men that be of howseholde to serue God and ^ou trewly and diligently and to performynge or the wyllynge of God to be performed and fulfyl- lydde. Primus Fyrst let seruauntis doo perfytely in alle thyngis youre arl°. ^^Ue and kepe they ^oure connnaundementis after God and ry^thwysnesse and with oute condicioim ; and also APPENDIX IX. r,SS with oute gref or offense. And say le that he priu- cepalle heuede or prelate to alle ^oure seruauutis both lesse and more that they doo fully, reedy ly and treuly with oute offense or ayenseying alle yom-o wilh; and commaundement that is not ayeynys God. The secunde ys that ^e commaunde them that kepe [2''"».] and haue kepyinge of ^oure howseholde a fore ^oure meynye that bothe with in and with oute tlie nieynye be trewe, honest, diligent both cliast and proiitabullc. The thrydde, commaunde ye that no mann be [a"'.] admittyd in ^oure liowse holde nother iiiwarde no- ther vtwarde but hit be trustyd and leuyd that ie be trewe and diligent and namely to that office to the whiche he is admyttyd. Also that he be of goode maners. The fowreth, be hit sowtht and examined oftc tymys [4"'.] yf ther be ony vntrewman, vnkunnynge, vnhonest, lecherous, stryffule, drunke, lewe, unprolitabulle. Yf there be ony suche yfunde or diffamydde vj)pon these thyngis that they be caste oute or put fro the howseholde. The fyft, commaunde 30 that in no wyse be in the [5"'.] howseholde men debatefuUe or stryffidle but that alle be of oonn a corde ; of oonn wylle euen lyke as in them ys oon mynde and oon sowle. The sixte, commaunde je that all tho that seruen in [i,"-.] ony offyce be obedient and redy to them that be a bofe them in thyngis that perteynynn to there office. The seuenth, commaunde ^e that ^oure gentilmen [7".J yomen and other dayly here and were there robis in lonre presence, and namely at the mete for ^oure worshyppe and not oolde robis and not cordynge to the lyuerey, nother were tliey oolde schoon ne fylyd. The viii, commaunde je that ^oure almys be kep}^! [s'"-] & not sende not to boys and knafis nother in the alle ^ nothe outh of the halle ne be wa,sted iii soperys ne 1 Sic. 584 APPENDIX IX. dyners of gromys, Lut wisely, temperatly with oute bate or betyng, be hit distribute, and the ' departyd to powre menn, beggers, sykefoll>:e and febulle. [Nonas] The ix, make le lom-e owne howseholde to sytte in the alle as muche as ye mow or may at the bordis of con parte and of the other parte and lette them sitte to gedur as mony as may, not here fowre and thre there ; and when youre chef maynye be sett then alle gromys may entre, sitte and ryse. [Decimus.] The X, streytly forbede le that no wyfe be at ^oure mete. And sytte te euer in the myddul of the hye borde that youre fysegge and chere be schewyd to alle menn of botlie partyes, and that ^e may see ly^htly the seruicis and defawtis ; and diligently see ^e that euery day in loure mete .seson be two men ordeyned to oner se youre mayny ; and of that they shalle drede ^ou. [11"'. J The xi, commaunde te and yeue licence as lytul tyme as ye may with honeste to them that be in ioure howseholde to go home. And whenne te yeue licence to them assigne te to them a short day of comynge a yeyne under peyne of lesynge there seruice And if ony man speke ayen or be worthe say to liym : •' What wille ye be Lorde : ye wylle that y serue you after toure wylle." And they that wylle not here that te say effectually be they ywarnj'd and ye shall pro- uide othir seruantis the which shalle serue you to your wylle or plesynge. [i2"\] The xii is commaunde the panytere with youre brede and the botelare with wyne and ale come to gedur afore you at the tabulle afore gracys, and let be there thre yomen assigned to serue the hye tabulle and the two syde tabuUis in solenne dayes. And ley they not the bossels deseruyng for ale and wyne uppon the tabulle but afore you. But be they layid under the tabulle. ' Sic. APPENDIX IX. 585 The 13, commaimde ye the stywarde that he be besy [\^'\\ aud diligent to kepe the maynye in hys ovvne j)eis()iu! inwarde and vtwarde and namely in the halle and at mete that they be haue them selfe honestly with out stryffe, fowlespekynge and noyse. And that they that be ordeynyd to sette messys brynge them be ordro and continuelly tyl alle be serued and not inordinatly, and thorow affection^ to personys or by specialte. And take te hede to this tyl messys be fully sc-tt in the halle and aftir tende ye to toure mette. The xiiii, commaunde ^e that yonro dysshe be well [•'"'•] fyllyd and hepid and namely of entremes- and of pitance M'ithonte f\it carkynge that ye may parte coui-etcysly to thos thatt sitte beside Ijothe of the ryght hande and the left thorow alle the hie tabnlle and to other as plesythe you thowtght they haue of the same that ye haue. At the soper be seruantis seruid of oon messe & bytth metis and aftir of chese. And yf the come gestis seruice schalle be haued as nedythe. The XV, commaunde ye the officers that they admitte [ij"'] youre knowlechyd men fomiliers frendys and strangers with mery chere, the whche'^ they knowen you to wille for to admitte and receyue and to them the whiche wylle you worschipe, and they wyllenn to do that ye wylle to do, that they may know them selfe to haue be welcome to tou and to be welle plesyd that they be come. And also muche as te may with oute peril of sykenes & werynys ete le in the halle afore ^om-e meyny. For that shalle be to tour profyte and wor- shippe. The xvi, when your ballyfs comyn afore ^oure speke [16"'] to them fayre and gentilly in opynn place and not in priuey. And shew them mery chere & serche and axe of them how fare owre men and tenauntis & how corny s doonn & cartis, and of owre store how hit ys • Affecliori, MS. | ^ Sic. ^ Entwines, MS. 586 APPENDIX IX. niultiplyed. Axe suclie tliyngis openly and knowe te certeyiily that they wille the more drede ton. [17"'.] The xvii, commaunde ^e that diners and sopers priuely in hid plase be not had & be thay forbeden that there be no suche dyners nother sopers oute of the halle ; for of suche comethe grete destrection and no worshippe therby growythe to the Lorde. ExpliciiDit Statuta Familicj hoiuo laeiuorice. X. p. 287. DlaloguG hetvjeen the Soul and Body. (Froiu the MS. of Ada de Marlsco, Vitellius, 0. Vlll.) Si cum joe fou en im lit, ") Oi la vols de im esprit, /^^ ^^^'^ dampue, Piedir forenient on soun corps, ") Ke font en cimeterre dehors / Ver coens corps lesprit parla, ) ^- i- , a , -r. •, i. 1 1 1 ^^l fust, Alas, hj vilenement le leyndega : J Vos cheyteff corps, ki ci gisez, ^ , , Vos estez ore mout chaungez J Tut le pays vos lionura ) , -1 , 1 i ' ^'^^ vostre vie ; rour vos richesez et vos ciota ) Nule sale vos fust trop graimt, ) AT 1 1 ; I , P^^^ii" seirnune : jMule robe trop lusaunt j Ore vos est por sale balie ) , , „ , , > ccharsenicnt. Sect pez de terre mesure J E une heyre grose et dui-e 1 , l ^ _^ , T > taunt suleuient Vous est liuere pom- vesture J Plus que deux le mound amastez, ) i- - ,^1 . , ^ , r e vous discut ; Ji. lungge vie trop amastez, } Parfeire volez charnel desir E la vous tenestez saun repenti , . J-iour e noit. Mau2Te ore avez pris ") ,, . ® , ^ , , -. >-saim null repei A toz jours counge de coeus delis J Si venrdrez a moi apres cest lioure ") saunz null Pour suffrir peine que tut tens dui'e, j espeir. Corpus. Une vuiz oi cum fust de c()ri)y, ) , ., •XT .1 ■-, ^ . •■• , /^i^ leoijrit, JMe &ai ke il lust, ia di;^t lor,:., ) 588 APPENDIX X. Ke estez vous que apertement | _ • ^^^^^ descrit ? La vie ke menai si folement j Cestez vous meymes eel esprit \ ^^^ marie, A ke coe corp, qaunt vesquit, j [Spipjtus.] Confimdu seit de dampne dee ) ^^^ ^^^.^^^ Le houre ke fuste engendre j E coel houre que fu cree, ) ^^ ^,^^^^ p|gj.g_ Taunt me suy a vous plie j Joe fu bele creature, ) adeprimes ; Quant Deux me fist a sa semblure J Mes puis que fu a vos lye Kour vos crimes. Layde deuynk e trop suyllye j Corpus. Le cors respount, si ly dist, ^ | ^^^ ^^^.^ ^^^^ Vous sauet ben que par escript j Puis que dunck assentistes | ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ A ma folic e suffrites j Deu vous dona seyn e sauer, K^gement: Dunt puissez vous e moy gier j ■ Puis que dunck me auet suffrert | ^.^^^^ souent ? Pecher en priue c en apert / Spiritus. Ben est veir, dist le espirit, I pour ben gier ; Que Deu vous en ma garde mist j Mes votre mauueys cliarnel delit, | ^^^ ^^^.^^ ^^^^^^.^ Ma bone aprise contredist 3 Corpus. Le cors respount: E fust ceo reson 1 ^^^^^^.-^j. . Que auncele dust dame de meson J Vous fustes dame, e jeo auncele 1^^ chastier, Ne dussez dunck par reson bele j E refreyndre ma volente, |^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^^ Puis que Deu me out baliej APPENDIX X. 5,S9 E que jeo me dusse pour Deu povnc ) hi de mes benes pour J)eu done j .> ^ ■-> . Sanz vostre seou bien sauez, ) JNe poex iiiouer meynez ne ])eez J Dunck peu ben par resoun de . J UKilfere. Spiritus. CO Lesprit dit : Ne mo poer 1 , Parfitement refreyner / Vous me fustes par tut contrere, | E moy sakastes ver la terre J Fause ]>ite me desout 1 De vostre pleynte jour e nuyt J Vous ne poyez matin lever, ^ Ne vous ne poyez rensuner / Jeo vous blamay pour leclierre, "^ Et deystes que vous ne poyez mie J leo vollie que fussez almoner, 1 , Et deistes que estornereyt penser J Ore verez que il vous fra, 1 , , , ' ^ que ta . . . . Coment de vous pensera ) Pour ky vous fustes si aver, ) , •^ \ne eel . . . E les povers escorcer ) Asez vous brocliay de ben fere, ^ , E en temps de mereii quere j Mes tenps de mereii est la passe, ) E tenps de venyaunce presente. J Jeo senk ma part greve e dure, | E vous le sentriez apres cest oure j Nous troveromes perdurablement ") Que tresspasames moult sovent J ' Part of this line and the whole of the next have been cropped in the margin. Cropped in the margin. ;90 APPENDIX X. Corpus. Le cors respount : Que senteray ") sp Coment de pondre releueray J de iSi frez^ certis, dist lesprit, Vous releueres cum Deu vous fist Vil e clietif releuerez, 1 . , Plein de dolur pour vous pecliez. J Devant Jhu. Crist vendrez. Et vostre .} } ' pvrrez ( ?) APPENDIX XL 591 XI. Tnvectlvum contra monachos et aliofi religiosos tempore Richardi SecundV Cotton, Cleop. B. II. [The following curious poems, all in the same hand, and evidently by the same author, are found in an early paper MS. containing several Tracts connected with the history of the Franciscan order. How they shoidd have come into such company, for which they were evidently not designed, the MS. affords no clue. The poems are in an earlier hand than the rest of the MS., and not later than the close of the 14tli or beginning of the 15 th century. They have been scored through in somewhat darker ink. Probably by tlie same hand. Of the author, who had been a novice in the Order of St. Francis, and had abandoned it to become a follower of WicKfTe, nothing is known beyond what he has chosen to communicate respecting himself in these poems.] " Memorandum,- quod W. Capellanus ecclesise Sancti " Michaelis Co . . . contulit istud manual e Sacramen- " torum ad pro . . . et usum ecclesise De Wade juxta " Sidingbo[rne] in Cantia situatee, ibidem in per})0- " tuum duratui'um. Si quis, quod absit, praifatum " librum a d[icta] ecclesia quo vis modo alienaverit, " quousque plenarie [satis]fecerit, a Sancta Trinitate " anatema sit. " Notandum quod xxii. mansiones in S. ordinantui- " custod . . . ecclesise, unam vaccam, ad sustentandum " a[nnua]tim obitum pro salute anima3 ejus, ad ex- " sequias dicendas, cum missa in crastino . . , [im]- ' In a later hand. I * In the margin; but in the same I hand as the body of the MS. 592 APPENDIX XI. " primis vicario iiii*^ ; clerico ii'' ; sacri,sta3 pro sue " ofRcio ii'' ; cuilibet custodi ecclesine pro suo labore " iii''. Residuum vero commodi vaccse prcefatoe rema- '' nebit ad fabricam ecclesite in perpetuum permau- " surum." §!• Heu, quanta desolatio Anglioi ]jra?statur, Cujus regnum quodlibet liinc inde minatur, Et hujus navigium pene conquassatur ! Regnum nee exsilio nee ope juvatur. With an and an I, praj dolore vent [r] is 5 Meum jam consilium jacet in vi mentis. Sed ad poenitentiam convertat Deus gentem, Et diri^at divinitus nostri regis men tern, Ut tortu.osum lucide cognoscat serpentem Monachis et fratribus liypocrisim latentem. lo With an and an I, ne istis attendat, Sanctorum oratio ad coelos ascendat. In nos pestilentia sseva jam crescit Quod virorum fortium jam popuhis decreseit. Qute diversis partibus adhuc invalescit 15 Cum noster jubilus totaliter recessit. With an and an I, huic finem ruinre, Addat qui supremus est, auctor medicinae. In maligno positus nunc est mundus totus, A viris Angligenis non est Christus notus ; 20 Pro peccato populi venit terr?e motus, In religiosis jam nullus est devotus. With an O and an I, debacchantur servi | Et in servos Domini nimis sunt protervi : In hoc terra3 motu ab hora diei, 25, Quia tunc convenerant scribse, Pharis?ei, APPENDIX xr. 593 Cum summis sacerdotibus contra Cliristuni Dei. Viiltus irse patuit diviiia3 faciei. With au and an I, sanctos diffaniarunt, Per haereses et schismata, quve fali.a patrarunt. 30 Heu, jam mala plurima de nobis sunt scita ! Per ventos et flumina jacent gi-ana trita. Ab antiquis patribus li?ec sunt inaudita ; Qui campos conspicitis, scitis quod est ita. With an O and an I, causam si quoeratis, 35 Dico quod hoc accidit nobis pro peccatis. Si status conspicimus, nullus excusatur, Quod in shopis venditur male mensuratur, Quilibet perjurio vel fraude lucratur, Sed quod sic adquiritur adquirens furatur. 40 With an and an I, res male quassita, Ut indies conspicimus, s?epe vadit ita : Clerici, qui speculum forent laicorum, In fastum libidinis multi laxant lorum ; Rectores jam rapiunt bona subditorum : . 45 Scitis quod hsec omnia signa sunt dolorum. With an and an I, sic est mundus versus, Qui luceret aliis, tenebris est mersus. Ultra si progredimur, ubi sunt prselati ? Nescio, sed certum est, multi svmt elati 50 Scholis theologicis, pauci ^ baptizati, Sed prece vel pretio vel penna subliraati. With an and an I, libens scire quare Penna viros erigens facit non volare ? Quid dicemus pr^eter heec de religiosis? 65 Primo mendicantibus falsis et mendosis, Qui se fingunt similes actu rubris rosis, Cum mores odoriferos,^ exemplura morosis, rausi MS. I * Sic. P P 594 APPENDIX XL With an and an I, ros?e mereuerunt, Instar sterquilinii saporem dederunt. 60 Hi domos conficiunt mirre largitatis PoUitis lapidibns, (piibusdam quadi-atis ; Totum tectiun tegitur lignis levigatis. Sed transgTessum regulj© probant ista satis. Witli an and an I, facta vestra tabent, Go Christus cum sic dixerat^ foveas vulpes habent. Qualiter pedificant vere non est mirum : Ingens opus construunt quasi magnum Tyrnm. Qualitercumque fuerit circumvallant gyrum, Si decretum verum sit, est totum delirum. 70 With an and an I, destructis fimdatis Nova statim construunt ^ pecuniis paratis. Non est monasterium tam possessionatum, Nee rex, nee episcopus, ut satis est probatum, Habens opus aliquod tam cito paratum, 75 Sicut qui cotidie vadunt mendicatum. With an O and an I, vel sunt furatores, Vel faciunt numismata, regni proditores. Se mendicos publicos clamant cunctis horis. Non tamen dedecoris sed magni honoris 80 Habitu se protegunt, panni^ mehoris Tunicis, pelliciis, frigus claudunt foris. With an O and an I, dicunt Pharisaei, " Ecce quanta patimur pro amore Dei ! " Si quis impugnat hoc, dant responsum gratum, S5 Quod ad usum proprium nobis est hoc datum. Bonum vident intime, non accedunt statum, Sed prseceptum regulce sic est vacuatum. With an O and an I, per idem possunt isti Uti roba rubea^ pro amore Christi, 90 ' construunt ^IS. I ^ rithia IMS. - ipum MS. ! APPENDIX XI. 595 Minores induerent pannum vilioreni, Efc de corda cannabi induerent einctorem. Sed ut locum teneant fastis altiorem, Senietipsos induunt regium colorem. With an and an I, exun ' de paradiso 95 Absconditur sub modio, Papa sic deriso. Inter fratres griseos sic est ordinatum, Quod nullum velle mortuum post erit mutatum. Si conventum videant penuriis gravatum, Non donabunt aliquid, sed monstrant legatum. 100 With an and an I, Hehnebrigge testatum Firmum stat cum Fraunces dicunt dispensatum. Isti fratres praedicant per villas et forum, Quod si mortem, gustet quis in habitu Minorum, Non intrabit postea locum tormentorum, 105 Sed statim perducitur ad regna coelorum. With an and an I, habitu cum zona Adquiritur ab Helmebrigge fratribus an non a. Si dives in patria quisquis infirmetur, Illuc frater properans et cm'rens monetur, 110 Et statim cum venerit infirmo loquetur, Ut cadaver mortuum fratribus donetur. With an and an I, ore petunt ista, Dum cor et memoria simul sunt in cista. Quod si pauper adiens fratres infirmetiu-, Uo Et petat ut inter hos sepulturre detur ; " Gardianus absens est," statim respondetur ; Et sic satis breviter pauper excludetur. With an and an I, quilibet est negans Quod- quis ibi veniat nisi dans vel legans. 120 gic I - corrected. r p 2 596 APPENDIX XI. Fiutres in capitulis sclent^ compilare Litteras, sutfragia quas sclent vocare. Yere sed naufragia debentur nominare, Viros cum prfiecipitent in profimdum mare. With an O and an I, quod Papa non audet, 125 Falsus frater annuit et spe lucri gaudet ; In his sunt participes omnium missarum, Et precum similiter, et abstinentiarum. Num persona3 digna3 sunt, curant valde parum. Numquid tales litterae sunt de usu .Sarum ? 130 With an and an I, tot partes dederunt, Quod ipsis non aliqupe credo reman serunt, Tam vivis quam mortuis tales partes dantur. Sed blasphemi publici doctores probantur. H?ec et his similia fratres operantur ; 135 Qu9e restant gravissima, hie non recitantur. With an O and an I, vos, fratres, valete. In vos capiet pravos si quis trahet rete. Quid dicam de monachis S** Benedicti? Dicti per antiphrasim, sed sunt maledicti. 140 Nam non servant regulas quibus sunt asti'icti ; Ab antique Mamona minus sunt deticti. With an and an I, leporem venari Malunt quam Jeronymi vitam conternplari. Nulli'^ sunt in sseculo qui magis se dederunt, 145 Quam illi qui sseculo renunciaverunt. Ut canes ad vomitum tales redierunt : Manus dantes aratro retro respexerunt. With an O and an I, hoc peccato rei Nullo niodo dicti sunt apti regno Dei. 150 Monachus qui proprium solet abnegare Obbam die quolibet vult appropriare ; ' Repeated in MS, [ ^ lYuuUi MS. APPENDIX xr. 697 Nee vult ciphuin socii, sed proprinin portarc, Et ni discus plenus sit hie vult miiiitare. With an and an I, fidt dictum prisco ir>o Monacluis niundo niortuus vivens est in disco. H?ec ego qui fecerani nionachus aggi-essus, Per lios rasus fueram, sed nonduni professus ; Sed de magnis otiis cito fui fessus, Et ad Christi regulam statim sum egressus. ico With an and an I, de visis in donio Cum juratus fuerini nunquam sciet liomo. Tantos motus intuens Dominus in mari Quosdam viros nobiles fecit magistrari, Ut fides ecclesipe possit restaurari, 165 Wyclif et discipulos voluit vocari. With an and an I, hi sunt viri nautre Ducentes a Domino uavem Petri caute. Hi doctores monachos solent increpare, Quia nohmt proprias regulas servare, 170 Injungentes monachis otium vitare, Et dant per quod medium debent laborare. With an O and an I, monachi pinguati Laborare manibus hoc non possunt pati ; Tunc fratres ulterius jjrobant dehrare, 17S Nullo modo validi debent mendicare ; Sed aptantur regula manu laborare, Quia quam accipere beatius est dare. With an and an I. Fraunces iaboravit, Ut posteri sic facerent primus exemplavit, iso Tacto laboritio ; fratres furiebant, Et ex parte propria monachi timebant. Monachi tunc proprie fratribus mittebant, Qui l&eti de nuncio Iseti veniebant. 598 APPENDIX xi. With an O and an I, ,sit Deus beatus, 185 Hie amici facti sunt Herodes et Pilatus, Armacanunij quem ccelo Dominus coronavit, Discordes tantomodo fratres adunavit ; Sed magno miraculo Wyclif coruscavit Cum fratres et monachos simul collocavit. loo With an and an I, consortes effecti Quovis adversario dicunt sunt protecti. Factum est cum monachis simul concordarent, Atque falsas fabulas fratres prsedicarent, Et doctores ordinum scholas doctrinarent 1 95 Per quas famas floridas ^ in sonitum migrarent. With an O and an I, viri veritatis Multum diffamati sunt in dictis contractatis. Tunc primus determinans est Johannes Wellis, Sanctos viros reprobans cum verbis tenellis ; 200 Multum conversatus est ventis et procellis ; Hue - in ejus facie patet color fellis. With an O and an I, iu scholis non prodest ; Imago faciei monstrat qualis liic est. Hie promisit in scholis quod vellet probare 205 Wyclif et Herford similiter dictis repugnare. Sed cum hie nescierat plus argumentare Niehol solvens omnia jussit Bayard stare. With an O and an I, Wellis replicabat, Sed postquam Niehol solverat tunc Johannes stabat^ 210 Tunc successit alius, Goydon ^ nuncupatus. In monachis egregius et vir magni status ; i^^ Propter meum dicere nemo sit iratus, Hie non erat elericus sed laicus literatus. i Sic. i ' Q,y. GudJmii ? ■' Sic. Qy. lit? I APPENDIX XI. 599 With an and an I, sub veste monacliatiis 215 Goydon fere laicus est clam piliatus. Hie dixit quod monacLi non debent laborare, Sed quod fratres validi debent mendicare ; Sed ejus asserere vel suum negarc Non est factum aliquod liquide probare. 220 With an O and an I, majus audax pecus Quod in bija cernitur, exstat Bayard coecus. Tunc Crophorne accesserat omnibus ignotus, Non Anglicus, non Gallicus, non Francus, non Scotus, Non chiustro sed s£eculo se donabat totus ; 225 Apostata jam publicus, a nobis sit remotus ! With an and an I, a claustro sic dempti Christi non sunt ; quare sic ? quia sunt adempti. Tu, Crophorne stultissime, credo quod insanis Ut quid scholas occupas frivolis et vanis ; 230 Dicta tua non valent imum stercus canis, Quamvis isti monachi coaxant cum ranis. With an and an I, dixit biifo crati, Maledicti desuper sint tot dominati. Facto fine monachis frater sequebatur, 236 Doctor de junioribus, qui Mertone vocatur ; Sed quia balbutiens tanquam corvus ftitur, Nihil quod proposuit tunc reportabatur. With an and an I, sileat ut mutus, Donee per Franciscum sit loquelce restitutus. 210 Tunc processit Whappelode fere cerebrosus, Non arguens, sed garrulans, et nimis mendosus, Cujus labor quamlibet est infructuosus, Cum sit pro mendaciis omnibus exosus. With an and an I, talis frater fictus 21s Est frater lequivoce, sicut frater pictus. 600 APPENDIX XI. Tunc accessit alius, Stokis nominatus, Rufus naturaliter, et veste dealbatus, Omnibus impatiens, et nimis elatus, Et contra veridicos dirigens conatus. 250 With an and an I, sab tarn rubra pelle Animus non habitat nisi unctus felle. Hie per dies phuimos doctor hxboravit, Nihil ad propositum quod argumentavit ; Allegans quod foeminse Christus imperavit 255 Ut potum porrigeret, ipsa ministravit. With an and an I, si tunc tacuisses, Tu nunc stulto sirailis, philosophus fuisses. Si lesas a sa?culo non erat inventum, A quibus hsec religio cepit fimdamentum, 260 Pollinudum primitus habebat indumentum, Sed cur h?ec despicitur est magnum portentum. With an and an I, fuerunt Tyed Freres Quomodo mutati sunt rogo dicat ^ Pers. Horum quidam prredicant quod sunt ex Maria, 265 Alii tunc asserunt quod sunt ex Helia, Cum istorum quilibet discordet a via ; Nullus talis veniet coeli monachia. With an and an I, si fundator detur, Ipse dedit regadam qure rogo monstretur. 270 Post hsec die postera Nichol veniebat, Et ad tacta singula clare respondelmt, Et Philippus Repyndone omnia solvebat, Quae Petrus sic Apocrofus ^ in scliola tangebat. With an and an I, postquam sic voluerunt 275 Fratres tunc et monachi vultum depresserunt, ' dico, US. I = Sie. APPENDIX XI. 601 Monaclii cum fratribus pariter videntes Quffi facere poterant versus innocentcs ; Pauperum pecuniis loculos replentes, Quantum possunt propriant Londonias cardites. 280 With an and an I, pro qu?estu sanctorum Largas dant corrigias de bonis aliorum. Post hsec simul adeunt metropolitanum, Nicliol Herford asserunt hcereticum, pro})lianuni, Et Pliilippum Repyndon proclamant insanum, 285 Profusis pecuniis liniantes manum. With an and an I, pecuniis placatus, Quicquid fratres cu})iunt, dicit, " Sum paratus." Tunc ipsos episcopus et fratres citabant, Contra quos, cum venerant, nihil allegabant, 290 Qui multis injuriis ipsos aggravabant ; Qui visis periculis ad Papam appellabant. With an and an I, Filius et Flamen Hos cum Patre dirio-ant in agendis. Amen. Explicit. §11. Preste ne monke ne ^it chanone ^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^j^^^ j^^^^^, Ne no man of religione Y f,_,.^. Gyfen hem so to deuocione C frers. For summe gyuen ham to chyualry ^ _^^^^^ ^^ ^^.^^^ Somme to riote and ribaudery ^' prayers. Bot frers gyuen ham to grete study ) Who so kepeth thaii' reule al l:)oye in wordc and dede, I am ful syker that he shal haue lieuen blis to mede. 602 APPENDIX XL Meu may se by thair contynaimce "^ i • . . i That tliai are men of grete penaunce >' "^ ^ And also that thair sustynannce wayke. T haue lyuecl now foiirty ^ers "^ In coutreys And fatter men about the neres >■ ther thai ^it sawe I neuer then are thes frers J rayke. Rieteles so megre are thai made and penaunce so puttes ham doun That ichone is an hors hide when he shal trusse of toun. Alias that euer it shuld be so -\ . . Suche clerkes as thai about shuld go v Fro tomi to toun by two and two J ' .) "' By God that al this world wan-\ He that that ordre first bygan V of simple ordynaunce. Me thynk certes it was a man j For thai haue noght to lyue by, thai AVandren here and there. And dele with dyuers marche, right as thai pedlers were. Thai dele with purses, pjames, and knyues, \ ther thai With gyrdles, gloues, for wenches and wyues, I- are haun- Bot euer bacward the husband thryues J ted till. For when the gode man is fro hame 'j And the frere comes to oure dame ( that 'he ne dos He spares, nauther for synne nc ( his will, shame, -^ If thai no helpe of houswyues had when husbandes arc not inne, The freres welfare Were full bad, for thai shuld brewe ful thynne. APPENDIX XI. (jO;j Somme frers beren pelure aboute ^ For grete ladys and wenches stoute I al after that thai To reverte with thair clothes with j ere. oute ^ For some vaire and somme gryse, For some bugee and for some byse, And also many a dyuers spyse } in bagges about thai here. Al that for women is plesand ful redy certes haue thai Bot lytel gyfe thai the husband, that for al shal pay. Trances thai can and many a jape ; -v For somme can with a pound of sape V ' ^^ ^ ^^^ Gete him a kyrteU and a cape j ""^"^ ^^'^'■^^• Wherto shuld I othes swere "\ Tlier is no pedler that pak can here ' ' That half so dere can sell his Jiere J do. For if he gife a wyfe o, knyfe that cost bot penys two Worthe ten knyues, so mot I thryfe, he wyl haue cr he go. Ich man that here shal lede his hfe"\ , , , m , 1 c • z ^ L V \ nauther loude Ihat has a lau'e doghter or a wvie > .„ , Be war that no frer ham shryfe j Htill.^ ne Thof women seme of hert ful stable "] and their With ftiire byhest and with fable \ likyngs Thai can make thair hertes chauno-eable ) fidlill. Be war ay with the lymitor and with his felawc batlie And thai make maystries in thi baur, it shal turne thee to scathe. ' Originally, " fol' dl'ede of makyng mo." Then struck out and corrected as in the text. 604 APPENDIX XI. Were I a man that lious lielde, ^ , ,1 .,, . Tr. -.i 111 f «liuld com witliin It any woman witli me dweide V Ther is no frer, bot he were gelde, ) ^ lor may lie til a woman wynne ^ , , , .,1 -1 ,-.1 I and perchaunce two In priueyte lie wil not olynne v ^ Er he a cliilde ])iit hir with iiiiie, 3 Tliof he loiire vnder his liode with semblaunt quaynte and mylde, If you him trust or dos him gode, by God, you ert bygylde. § Ill- Thai say that thai distroye synne Tgo shryue And thai maynteiie men moste theriiine, For had a man slayn al his kynne rgo shryue •< him at a V. frere ; I his saule slial i neuer dere. 3 J And for lesse then a payr of shone He wyl assoil him clene and sone, And say the synne that he has done It semes sothe that men sayne of liayme in many dyuers loiide That that caytyfe cursed Cayine first this ordre fonde. Nou se ye sothe whedre it be swa, That frer Cannes come of a K, ^frer Jacobynes of Tiie frer Austynes come of A, Vfrer Ja 3 I; Of M comen the frer Menours, ^ , „ rrn ^ 1 r^ 1.1 X- i ' ^ud ot ypO- Thus grounded Caym thes tour ordours, /- . *^ ^ I crisy. That tilleii the world ful of errours ^ APPENDIX XI. G05 All wyckecliie.s that men can tell regnes ham anions, Then shal no saule haue rowme in hell, of frers ther is such throng. Thai trauele lerne and bysily -^ To bryng doun the dergye, K'"'!^',,^^"'*'^ ^^'''' '^""^ Thai speken therof ay vilany } ^' Wlio so lyues oght many icyh -\ Shal se that it shal fall of frers l^^'''_^_ ^^^"^^^ ^'^^'^ As it dyd of the Templers vs amono-. For thai held no religioun, hot lyued after lykynr.-, Thai were distroyed and broght adouu, thurgh ordy- nance of the kyng. Thes frers liauuden a dredful thing ^ That neuer shal come to gode endyng > „ oi n 4- i- w ^ ^ -^ =" 4 elleuen. (J irer lor eght or nyen shal syng, / And when his terme is fully gone,^ , r( • ,1 1 1 r markes sixe or Conscience then has he none }' That he ne dar take of ychone } Such annuels has made thes frers so wely and so gay, That ther may no possessioners mayntene thair aiTay. Tham selle to lyve al on porchase>. ,,,,,. , ^„ , , \c T 1 ^ I shuld thai pray and Of almes geten ±ro place to place, y ^ -^ And for alle that tham holpen has J "^ °" Bot now this londe so negh soght is •\ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ That vnnethe may prestes seculers V wondreiyi Gete any seruice for thes frers J This is a quaynt custome ordeyned ham among. That frers shal aimuel prestes bycome, and so gates selle ther song. {jOG appendix XI. Ful wysely con thai prephe and say,"! ^j^^^,^^^ the sothe Bot as thai preche nothing do thai ; /" t j. I was a fi'ere ful many a day J Bot when I sawe that thair lyuynef^ ^ i i , -, 1 . 1 . r «'^^ti wygholy Acordyd not to thair prechmg, V i i •^ / °' r went my gate. Of I cast my irer clothing, J Ther leue ne toke I none, fro ham when I went, Bot toke ham to the deuel ychone, the prior and the CO lien t. Out of the ordre thof I be gone, ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ i and odde days Apostata ne am 1 none. V , ^7. , 1 ,1 . T i njen or ten. Of twelue monethes me wanted one j Away to wende I made me boun : ^ . ■, , r _, / „ „ . f m S3^ght of many Kr tyme come oi proiessioun v. o I went my way thurgh out the toun, ) in S3^gh i men. Of thes frer mynours me thenkes moch wonder, That waxen are thus hauteyn that som tyme weren under, Amonge men of holy chirch thai maken mochel blonder, Nou he that sytes vs aboue make ham sone to sonder. With an and an I, thai praysen not Seynt Poule, Thai lyen on seyn Fraunceys by my fader soule ; First thai gabben on God that alle men may se When thai hangen him on hegh on a grene tre. With leues and wit blossemes that briu'ht are of ble. That was neuer Goddes Son by my leute. APPENDIX XT. 607 With an and an I, men wenen that thai wede To carpe so of clergy, tliai can nob thair crede ; Tliai haiie done him on a croys fer vp in the skye, And festned on him wyenges, as he shnld flie. This fals feyned byleue shal thai soure bye, On that louelych lord so for to lye. With an O and an I, one sayd fnl stille Armachan distroy ham if it is Goddes wille. Ther comes one ont of the skye in a grey goun, As it were an hoghyerd hyand to toun. Thai hane mo goddes then we, I say by Mahoun, Alle men vnder ham that euer beres croun. With an O and an I, why shnld thai not be shent, Ther wantes noglit bot afyre that thai nere alle brent. Went I forther on my way in that same tyde, Ther I sawe a frere blede in myddes of his syde, Bothe in hondes and in fete had lie woundes wyde. To serve to that same frere the Pope mot abyde. With an O and an I, I wonder of thes dedes To se a Pope liolde a dishe whyl the frer bledes. A cart was made al of fyre as it shuld be, A Gray frere I ,saw ther inne that best lyked me. Wele I wote thai shal be brent by my leaute, God graunte me that grace that I may it se. With an O and an I, brent be thai alle, And alle that helpes therto faire mot byfalle. Thai preche alle of ponert, but that love thai noglit ; For gode mete to thair mouthe the toun is thurgli sofdit. O Wyde are thair wonnynges and wonderfully wroglit ; Murdre and horedome ful dere has it boght. 608 APPENDIX XI. With an and an I, for sixe pens er thai fayle Sle thi fader rape thi modre and thai wyl ye assoile : Lord God, that with paynes ille mankynde boght so dere, Let neiier man after me haue Avill for to make liiiu frere. APPENDIX XII. 609 XII. The Papal Commission to Adam de Marisco for determAning the disputes betiveen Adelmarus the Bishop, and the Prior and Convent, of Winchester} H., Dei gratia rex Angliae, etc., universis ad quos, etc., salutem in Domino serapiternam. Noverit universitas vestra quod nobis personaliter existentibus in capitulo Sancti Swithuni Wintonise, prsesentibus Adelmaro, Dei gratia electo Wintonise, et A. priore et conventu ejiis- dem ecclesise, pax et concordia inter dictum electum ex una parte, et priorem et conventum et procuratorem Willielmi de Taunton ex altera, fuit de consensu partium recitata sub hac forma : — " Universis prcesentes literas inspecturis vel audituris Fr. Adam de Marisco, de ordine fratrum Minorum, judex a domino papa delegatus in causis, motis inter venerabilem patrem A. Dei gratia Wintonice electum ex una parte, et dictum Will, de Taunton pro se et conventu Wintonise ex altera, et deputatus ad tractan- dum de pace et faciendum inter eosdem, salutem in Domino. Mandatum domini papse suscepimus in hsQC verba : — " ' Alexander episcopus, servus servorum Dei, dilecto ' filio fratri Adse de Marisco, ordinis Minorum, salutem ' et apostolicam benedictionem. Dudum inter dilec- ' tum filium Adelmarum electum Wintonia; ex una ' parte, et dominum Willielmum de Taunton, capel- ' lanum nostrum, priorem ac conventum Wintonise ex ' altera, super diversis articulis qusestione suborta, et ' prgefatis electo et conventu per procuratores, ipso vero ' Willielmo personaliter comparentibus coram nobi.s, ' tam ex ipsius Willielmi quam ex prsedicti conventus ' parte, plures et varii libelli contra procuratorem ' See p. 9-5. Q Q 610 APPENDIX XII. prsefati electi ejus nomine oblati fuerunt, super quo- rum aliquibus litis contestatio per eundem ipsius electi procuratorem facta extitit, et super eisdem liinc inde de veritate tlicenda juratum ; et tandem factis hinc inde rationibus, ad ipsarum aliquas fuit ex utraque parte responsum, prout lisec omnia in actis super his confectis, quaj venerabilis frater Prse- nestinus episcopus et dilectus filius noster F., Sancti Nicliolai in Carcere TuUiano diaconus cardinalis, quos eisdem partibus audituros coucessimus, tibi sub sig- nis transmittunt inclusa, plenius perspicies contineri. Verum quia de assertionibus partium apud aposto- licam sedem facere liquere non poterat, nos nolentes causas hujusmodi per coramissiones et remissiones varias in grave Wintonipe ecclesiae dispendium pro- rogari, discretioni tuse per apostolica scrip ta in vir- tute obedientipe districte prpecipiendo mandamus, quatenus dictis libellis et actis diligenter inspectis, hujusmodi negotia pace vel concordia, si de partium voluntate processerit, terminare procures, alioquin per judicii tramitem, sen alias per provisionem prout secundum Deum expedire videris, usque ad senten- tiam in negotiis ipsis procedas, processum postmodum tuum sive causas sufficienter instructus remittens ad prsedictse sedis examen, prsefigendo partibus ter- minum pereraptorium competentem, quo se apostolico conspectui reprsesentent, justam dante Domino sen- tentiam recepturse. Proviso, quod praefato priori et monachis hujusmodi negotia prosequentibus, expensas ad prosecutionem ipsarum necessarias de bonis ejus- dem ecclesise facias exhiberi, et super ahis sumptibus, qui in negotiis ipsis opportuni fuerint, quod de prse- dictis bonis fiant ; nihilominus providendo concedi- mus quoque tibi, ut omnia bona dicta ecclesiae ad ipsum conventum spectantia, sive antequam incipias in negotiis ipsis procedere, sive post, si volueris, vel tibi videbitur expedire, valeas sequestrare. Contra- APPENDIX XII. 611 " ' dictores per censuram ecclesiasticam appellatione " ' postposita compescendo, iion obstante si personis " ' aliquibus a praedicta sede sit indultum, quod in- " ' terdici, suspend!, vel excommunicari, quodque extra " ' suam dicEcesim in curiam trahi, vel ad judicium " ' evocari non possint per literas apostoKcas, plenam " ' et expressam non facientes de indulto Imjusmodi " ' mentionem, et constitutione de duabus dictis edita " ' in concilio generali, necnon indulgentia quae fra- " ' tribus tui ordinis a prsefata sede dicitur esse con- " ' cessum, quod de causis qu?e ipsis a sede comittantur " ' eadem se nuUatenus intromittere teneantur. Data " ' Anagnige, x. Calend. Octobris, pontificatus uostri " ' anno primo/ " Vestree igitur universitati notum facimus, quod " dicto domino electo et conventu Wintonipe et pro- " curatoribus ejusdem, necnon procuratore domini W. " de Taunton in nostra prtesentia legitime constitutis, " apud Wintoniam in capitulo Sancti Switliuni, dictus " convent us et dicti procuratores destiterunt ab omni- " bus litibus et queestionibus propositis ex parte " eorundem in curia Romana contra eundem electum, " et renunciavermit eisdem quamdiu dictus electus " episcopatum Wintonise tenuerit. Quam desistentiam " et renunciationem ipse electus in capitulo acceptavit. " Dictus vero conventus et procuratores memorati " protestati fuerunt, quod ipso electo cedente vel de- " cedente, salvae sint ei omnes qusestiones quas se " dicunt habere contra emidem. Promiserunt etiam " et concesserunt quod prior et obedientiarii rationem " summariam sive compotum redden t de administra- '' tionibus suis dicto domino electo suo perpetuo, vel " duobus vel tribus viris honestis, quos ad hoc deputa- " verit infra septa monasterii Sancti Swithuni, praesen- " tibus senioribvis conventus ejusdem. Insuper sup- " plicaverunt dicto domino electo, quod si penes eum " aliqua residua de bonis prioratus remanserint, faciat Q Q 2 612 APPENDIX XII. " eis exinde subventionem ad debita inonasterii rele- " vanda, et de gratia sua provideat dicto domino " ^^''illielmo de Taunton in competenti sustentatione " de bonis ipsius prioratus ; et quod circa reforma- " tionem monasterii curani adhibeat diligentem, tarn " in spiritualibus quam temporalibus, in priore et in " monachis, ad honorem Dei et salutem animarum, " cum ea qua fieri potest celeritate ; et quod de " coquinario celeri serviente infirmarise fiat inquisitio " per viros discretos neutri parti suspectos, qualiter " prsecedentibus temporibus fuit observatum, et prout " per inquisitionem invenerit, futuris temporibus obser- " vetur, et literas suas patentes concedat eisdem pro " se et suis, nee ipse nee auditores computi aliquid ad " opus suum recipiant. Et siquod residuum fuerit in " usus monasterii convertatur per manus officialium " ejusdem monasterii, de consilio et consensu prioris et " conventus. Et pace inter eos taliter reformata, et " omni materia discordise totaliter sopita, dicto con- " ventui et singulis de conventu rancorem, si quern " habebat contra eos, ad oscula pacis benigniter " recepit. " Hsec omnia acta sunt coram nobis ultimo die " Maii, anno Domini M.CCLVI. In quorum omnium " fidem et testimonium prsesentibus sigillum nostrum " apposuimus," Nos vero utilitatem ecclesiae attendentes, et tran- quillitatem ejusdem pro viribus amplectentes, dictam pacem approbavimus, et ad instantiam dicti fratris Adse et petitionem partium, sigillum nostrum pr^esenti scriptura3 apponi fecimus in testimonium veritatis, una cum sigillo dicti conventus. Teste rege, apud AVinton. xxvi. die Junii. Prynne's Records, ii. 852. APPENDIX Xlll. 613 XIII. This letter affords a remarkable instance of his- torical equivocation. All the circumstances mentioned in it, except one, apply to Adam de Marisco, the Provincial of the Minorites : — Pro Ada de Marisco. (Pat. 28 Hen. III. m. 5.) Rex omnibus, &c. salutem. Sciatis quod, ad magnam instantiam Roberti Lincolniensis episcopi, dedimus ei Adam de Marisco captimi et detentum in prisona nostra Eborum, pro roboria facta mercatoribus ultramarinis in Stauuforde et Graham unde rectatus est. Ita tamen quod statim ex quo diliberatus fuerit a prisona nostra ingrediatur aliquam religionem, et ex quo habitum re- ligionis susceperit egrediatur regnum nostrum. In cujus, &c. Teste rege, apud Westmr., xxiii, die Mail, XIV. A contribution by Henry III. to the Church of St, Francis, at Assisi. De Triginta Marcis datis Ecclesm St I Franciscl de Assisiis. (Pat. 29 Hen. III. m. 7.) Rex Petro Saraceno civi Romano salutem. Mandamus vobis rogantes quatenus cum concesserimus ministro generali de ordine fratrum Minorum xxx. marcas, ad fabricam ecclesife Sti. Francisci Assisii, quas propter gl4i APPENDIX XIV. maris pericula ei ad prpesens inittere non diiximus, juxta fiduciam quam de vobis reportamus, ad mandatum ipsius ministri, xxx. marcas habere faciatis de prsestito, certo nuncio ejusdem ministri has litteras nostras deferenti ima cum litteris ipsius ministri patentibus. Et nos pecmiiam illam in Anglia ad scaccarium Sti. Hilarii, anno, &c. xxx. vobis vel certo nuncio vestro, quem ad nos mittetis cum his litteris nostris, una cum litteris prgedicti ministri protestantibus quod earn ei liberaveritis, solvi faciemus cum multarum gratiarum actione. Teste rege, apud Wind. xvi. die Aprilis. XV. A Precept to the Sheriff to arrest Apostate Friars, and commit them to Prison at the Command of their Superiors. (Pat. 33 Hen. III. m. 3.) Pro Fratribus "» Rex omnibus ballivis et fidelibus suis Minorum. J salutem. Mandamus vobis, quod omnes illos, sive clericos sive laicos, quos fratres minores vobis testati fuerint esse ordinis sui apostatas, cum super hoc ab eisdem fratribus requisiti fueritis, capiatis et detineatis captos ipsos, secundum quod ipsi fi-atres decreverint tractando, et si voluerint ipsos apostatas carceri nostro mancipando, vel ipsos, si memorati fratres maluerint, eisdem fratribus liberetis. In cujus testimonium, &c. Teste R. apud Wind. ii. die Oct. APPENDIX XVI. 015 XVI. Precept to the same effect. (Pat. 8 Edw. II. pt. 1.) De Fratribus Minoribus vagabundis arestandis. Kex vicecomitibus et omnibus ballivis et fidelibufj suis, ad quos, etc., salutem. Volentes insolentiani apo- statarum, qui, in dispendium animarum suarum et oidinis fratnim minorum scandalum relicto haljitu relioionis suee, et spreta professione sua, infra regnum nostrum vagantur, sen in futurum fuerint vagabundi, reprimere, et honestati religionis prsedictcB specialiter subvenire, vobis districte prsecipimus firmiter injungentes, quod omnes hujusmodi apostatas, quotiens et quandocunque minister provincialis, seu custos vel gardiaims ordinis prsedicti, per Ktteras suas patentes, vobis intimaverit infi-a idem regnum vagabundos, arestetis, et ipsos eidem ministro, custodi seu gardiano, vel fratribus ordinis illius hujusmodi litteras deferentibus, liberari faciatis, juxta ordinis sui regulam castigandos ; talem et tantam diligentiam circa prasmissa apponentes, quod pro defectu vestri querimonia ad nos inde non perveniat quoquo modo. In cujus, &c. Teste Rege, apud Westm. vii. die Febr. XVII. Privileges to the Friars Minors of Oxford for enlarging their House. (Pat. 29 Hen. III. m. 6.) Pro Fratribus Minoribus Oxonice. Rex omnibus salutem. Sciatis quod ad ampliationeni areas in qua de novo hospitari coepenmt fratres Mi- nores Oxonise assignavimus insulam nostram in fltivio 616 APPENDIX XVII. Thamesi, quani emimus ab Henrico filio Henrici Si- meon, concedentes eis et volentes quod ipsi ponteni fieri faciant ultra brachium illud Thamesis quod currit inter insulam pra3dictam et domos suas, et quod ean- dem insulam ad securitatem domorum suarum et tran- quillitatem religionis suce muro, vel alio modo sicut sibi viderit, expedite faciant includi. In cujus rei testimonium, &c. Teste rege apud West. xxii. die Aprilis. XVIII. Pro Fratrlbus Minorihus Oxonim. (Pat. 29 Hen. III. m. 9.) Rex concessit fratribus Minoribus Oxonite, ad majo- rem quietem et securitatem liabitationis suse, quod possint claudere vicum qui extenditur sub muro Ox- onise, a porta quse dicitur Watergate in parochia Stse. Ebbae, usque ad parvum posticum ejusdem muri versus castrum ; ita quod murus karnoUatus similis reliquo muro ejusdem municipii fiat circa prsefatam liabita- tionem, incipiens ab occidentali latere dicta? portse de Watergate, et se extendens versus austrum usque ad ripam Tamisiee, et inde protendens super eandem ripam versus occidentem usque ad feodum Abbatis de Becco in parochia Sti. Bodhoci, iterum refiectatur versus aqui- lonem usque quo coujungatur cum veteri muro prsefati burgi juxta latus orientale prsenominati postici parvi. Bex etiam concessit eisdem, ad continuandum locum novum cum veteri, quod possint prosternere de muro antiquo quantum extenditur habitatio ipsorum infra APPENDIX XVIII. 017 eundem. Salvo taiuen semper nobis et luui-ediljiis iiostris, Regibus Aiigliae, libero transitu per medium loci novi, in quolibet adventu nostro ibidem. In cujus, kc. Teste rege, apud S. Albanum, xxii. die Dec. XIX. Pro Fratrihiis Minoribus Oxonice. (Pat. 32 Hen. III. m. 10.) Rex omnibus, &c. salutem. Noveritis nos intuitu pietatis concessisse ut vicus qui extenditur sub nmro OxonisB a porta quse dicitur Watergate, in parochia Sta3. Ebbe, usque ad parvum posticum ejusdem muri versus Castrum, claudatur, propter majorem securitatem et quietem fratrum Minorum juxta dictum vicum habi- tantium, quamdiu domino loci complacuerit ; salvo tamen nobis et hseredibus nostris, Regibus Anglian libero transitu per medium novi loci in quolibet adventu nostro ibidem. Concedimus etiam ut latus aquilonare capellse in prtefato vice constructse et eonstru- endse supplere possit prsenominati muri interruptionem, quantum se extendere debet cseteris ejusdem muri rup- turis, in integrum reparatis ut prius, excepto parv^o postico in dicto muro, per quod possint dicti fratres ire et redire de novo loco in quo mode hospitantur ad priorem locum in quo prius hospitabantur. In cujus, »S:c, T, rege, apud West. x. die Feb. 618 APPENDIX XX. XX. To the same effect to other houses. (Pat. 42 Hen. III. m. 2.) Pro Fratrihus Mlnorihus Lincolnice. Rex omnibus, &e. Quia accepimus per majorem ballivos et alios cives nostros Lincolnise quod non est ad dampnum nostrum, nee ad dampnum aut nocumen- tum dictse civitatis nostras, concedere fratribus Minori- bus ejusdem civitatis quod illam posternam muri civi- tatis prsedictfe qufe est ex parte boreali juxta aream prsedictorum fratrum, ibidem obstruere, et venellam con- tiguam eidem arese ex eadem parte quee ducit ad dictam posternam includere possint ad ampliationem arese sure, nos intuitu caritatis concessimus eisdem fratribus quod dictam posternam obstruere et dictam venellam in- cludere possint ad ampliationem arese suae. Ita quod dicta posterna semper sit obstructa et dicta venella continuetur areas dictorum fratrum, et eorum usibus remaneat imperpetuum. In cujus, &c. Teste rege, Lincoln., xiii. die Sept. XXI. Pro Fratrihus Minoribus Sallop. (Pat. 51 Hen. III. m. 6.) Rex omnibus, &c. salutem. Sciatis quod de gratia nostra speciali concessimus dilectis nobis in Christo fratribus Minoribus Sallop quod portam suam per me- dium muri villae nostne Sallop, quse nimis arcta est, ad opus eorum ut accepimus elargare possint. Ita APPENDIX XXI. fill I quod carectcie per portaui illam intrart; possiui et exire, provit iidem fratres magis ad opus suuni viderint ex- pedire, et portam illam sic elargatam tenere iinperpc- tuum, sine occasione vel impedimento nostri et lia.'re- dum nostrorum. In cujus, &c. Teste Rege, apud Salopp, xxv. die Septr. XXII. Pro Fratrihus Minorihus EboriLm de quadam Vcndla includenda. (Pat. 18 Edw. I. m. 40.) Rex omnibus ad quos, &c. salutera. Quia accepiiuus per inquisitionem quam per vicecomitem nostrum Eborum et dilectos et fideles nostros Jolianuem de Lichegreynes et Nicholam de Seleby majorem civitatis nostrse Eborum fieri fecimus, quod non est ad dampnum sen prsejudicium nostrum sen aliorum si concedamus di- lectis nobis in Christo fratribus de ordine Minorum ejusdem civitatis, quod ipsi quandam venellam qua3 contigua est muro suo ibidem, et qu8e se extend it in longitudine et latitudine a via regia usque ad venellam quae se ducit versus molendina, juxta Castrmn nostrum Eborum, includere, et earn sic inclusam tenere possiut sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum ; ita tamen quod quandam aliam venellam ejusdem longitudinis et latitudinis eidem venellse contiguam in solu suo proprio faciant ; nos eisdem fratribus gratiam facere volentes in hac parte concessimus eis pro nobis et ha^redibus nostris quantum in nobis est, quod ipsi prsedictam ve- nellam includere et earn inclusam tenere possint sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum. Ita tamen quod G2() APPENDIX XXII. (jiiandam aliam venellam ejusdem longitudinis et lati- tudinis eideni venella3 contiguam in solo suo proprio faciant sicut piwdictum est. In cujus, etc. Teste rege, apud Westmr. xxvii. die Janr. XXIII. Orders for the Friars to preach the Crusade. (Pat. 39 H. III. a tergo.) De negotio Crucis. Rex rogat per litteras suas patentes priorem pro- vincialem fratruni Pra^dicatornm quod in instanti ca- pitulo suo provinciali disponat de fratribus ad prredi- candum verbum Crucis in singidis dioecesibus, cum per venerabilem patrem, Norwicensem Episcopum, negotii crucis executorem super hoc fuerint requisiti. In cu- jus, &c. Teste Rege, apud Novum Castrum super Tynam, xxviii. die Augusti. Rex eodem modo rogat ministrum generalem fratrum Minorum. Teste rege, ut supra. XXIY. To the Friars against the Monks of St. Edmundshury. (Pat. 43 Hen. III. m. 5.) Pro Fratribus Minorlbus de Sto. Eadmundo. Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis Galfrido Spot majori villse Sti. Eadmundi, Henrico aurifabro, Nicholao de Neketon et ca3teris burgeusibus et probis liominibus ejusdem villa?, salutem. Honorem Dei Omuipotentis et APPENDIX XXIV. 021 regni iiostri utilitatein ac totius ecclesia^ Dei salutem prse oculis lial>entes, dignum censemus ut benigno i'li- vore prosequainur quos prse cseteris honorem Dei et regni nostri utilitatem, animarumque salutem, ])ro- curare contemplamur. Hinc est quod dilectos nobis in Cliristo fratres Minores, inter cseteros religiosos cultus divini et salutLs animarum pnecipua) zelatores in quo- dam fundo nostro nobis justo titulo collato, in prtedicta villa eollocaviraus ad commorandum, et habendum ilji- dem, ecclesiam, cimiteriuni, domos et c«teras officinas sibi necessarias, secundum privilegium eisdem fratribus super dicto loco a domino Papa indultum, Et quia volurnus et de consilio nostro providimus quod dicti fratres Minores in prsedicto fundo nostro, sicut pra?- dictum est, quiete, pacifice et devote pro nobis et regno nostro ac totius ecclesia) utilitate sacrificia Deo illi- bata perpetuo valeant offeiTe, vobis, de consilio pro- cerum qui sunt de consilio nostro, mandamus in fide qua nobis tenemini firniiter injungentes quod, omni contradictione remota, capellarn, domos et cetera sedi- ficia dictis fratribus necessaria in prsedicto fundo nostro secundum quod dicti fratres sibi viderint melius expe- dire nomine nostro sedificari, kc, non obstante nuntia- tione novi operis per sacristara, procuratorem abbatis et conventus monasterii Sti. Edmundi, coram fratribus et sseculariljus, in dicto fundo nostro, contra nos et dictum fundum injuste et sine ratione nuper denunciata. Heec autem et omnia alia mandata nostra praidictum fun- dum nostrum, et priedictos fratres ibidem commorantes, contingentia, inviolabi liter observetis, clamraari etiam faciatis per totam villam pradictam et firmiter ex parte nostra niliilominus, ne quis coutra dicta mandata nos- tra in preejudicium, molestiam, aut gravamen prajdicto- rum fratrum aut fundi prtedicti in postenmi aliquid attemptare pnesumat, sicut indignationem nostram per- petuo evitare voluerit. Nos enim ad eoa qui dictis fratribus aut fundo prtedicto molestiam aut gi-avamen 622 APPENDIX XXIV. contra inhibitionem nostram intulerint tarn graviter capiemus, quod sentiant se non mediocriter gravatos. In cujus, &c. Teste rege, apud Westmr. xx. die Julii. XXV. Pro Ahhatissa et Sororihus Minorissis extra Algate. (Pat. 22 Edw. T. ni. 2.) Rex omnibus ad quos, &c., salutem. Licet de com- muni consilio regni nostri statuerimus, quod non liceat viris religiosis sen aliis ingredi feodum alicujus, ita quod ad mortuam nianuni deveniat, sine licentia nostra et capitalis domini, de quo res ilia immediate tenetur; volentes tamen Edmundo fratri nostro carissimo gi'a- tiam facere specialem, dedimus ei licentiam quantum in nobis est quod ipse imum tenementum, quod habet ex dimissione Willmi. allictarii filii Reginaldi quondam tegulatoris in subiirbio Londonise, unum tenementum quod habet ex dimissione Galfridi le Coureur et Odiernfe uxoris ejus in eodem suburbio, unum tene- mentum quod habet ex dimissione Willmi. de Waltham et Elense uxoris ejus in eodem suburbio, unam placeam terrse, quam habet ex dimissione Adte le Wyndrawer et Alicise uxoris ejus in eodem suburbio, unam placeam terras quam habet ex dimissione Solomonis le Tuyller et Elycise uxoris ejus in eodem suburbio, unam placeam ten'se quam habet ex dimissione Galfridi de Hundes- ditch executoris testament! Thomse de la More in eodem suburbio, unam placeam terras quam habet ex dimissione Johannse Goldcorne in eodem suburbio, et triginta libratas redditus quas habet ex dimissione Henrici le Waleys in venella Sti. Laurentii juxta Westchepe APPENDIX XXV. 628 et in Corclwaustrete et apiul Duuiiogato in civitato prtedicta, dare possit et assignare dilectis iioLin in ChrlHto abbatissfe et sororibus Minorissi.s ordini.s Stsu. Clara» de gratia beatas Maria) Virgiuis extra Alegate ; liabeii- dum et tenendum sibi et suceessoribus suis impcrj)»'- tiium. Et eisdem abbatissre et sororibus quod ipsuo tenementa, placeas, et reddituni prsedicta a praifato fratre uostro recipere possint tenure prsesentimn similiter li- centiam dedimus specialem. Nolentes quod })riedictus frater noster aut hseredes sui, vel prtedicta abbatissa et sorores seu suecessores sufe, ratione statuti pried icti inde per nos vel hseredes nostros occasionentur in aliqiio seu graventur, salvis tamen capitalibus dominis feodoruiu illorum servitiis inde debitis et consuetis, et etiam li- bero ingressu et egressu, ad distringendum in ei.sdeni feodis, pro consuetudinibus et servitiis suis pnedictis quotiens aliquid inde eis a retro esse contigerit. In cujus, etc. Teste rege, apud Tr. Londonise, viii. die Novembr. XXVI. Pro Fratribus Minoribus Stafford. (Pat. 10 Edw. I. m. 10.) Rex omnibus, &c., salutem. Cum quidam regi-atarii in villa et comitatu Staftbrd se per quosdam ministros nostros advocantes dilectos nobis in Christo fratrt>s Minores Stafford de die in diem malitiose iinpediaiit, quominus victualia cotidiana, cum indiguerint, ad c)j>us suuin per procuratores et alios amicos suos ibidein emere possint, et quandoque empta a manibus e<»ruiii extrahant, sicut ex ipsorum IVatrum gravi ([iiercla accepimus, nos eorumdem fratrum indempnitati in liac 624 APPENDIX XXVI. parte provideri et malitife liujusmodi obviari cupientes, dedimus licentiam eisdem fratribus emendi sibi vic- tualia per procuratores et alios amicos suos quotiens ne- cesse fuerit in partibus prsedictis, sine impedimento nostri vel ministrorum nostrorum aut aliorum quonnn- cumque. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eisdem fra- tribus seu eorum procuratoribus aut aliis amicis suis, contra hujusmodi concession em nostram non inferatis vel inferri permittatis injuriam, &c. Teste rege, apud Stafford, xiii. die Junii. XXVII. Pro Ahhatissa cle gratia Beatce Marim ordinis Sandm Clarcv extra Muros Londonice, et ejusdem loci Sororihus. (Pat. 24 Edw. I. m. 23.) Rex omnibus ad quos, &c., salutera. Donationem, concessionem, et confirmationem quas Edmundus frater noster carissimus per cartam suam fecit dilectis nobis in Christo abbatissie de gratia Beatse Marise ordinis Sanctse Clarje extra muros Londonipe, et ejusdem loci sororibus Deo ibidem servientibus et imperpetuum ser- vitiu-is, de decem acris terrae de dominico suo in campo de Hertindon in comitatu Derbise, et advocatione ec- clesijB ejusdem villse, habendis et tenendis eisdem ab- batissce et sororibus et earum successoribus in liberam, puram, et perpetuam eleemosynam, ratas habentes et gratas eas pro nobis et hperedibus nostris, quantum in nobis est ; prsefatis abbatissse et sororibus et earum successoribus concedimus et confirmamus, sicut carta pr?edicta rationabiliter testatur. Nolentes quod prse- dictus Edmundus vel L?eredes sui aut prsefatse abba- APPENDIX XXYII. 625 tissa et sorores, sen earuni successores, fatione statuti nostri de terris et tenementis ad manum inortuain noii poiiendis editi, per nos vel h^redes nostros, justitiarius, esciXitores, vicecomites, aut alios ministros nostros quos- cuinque, inde occji^ionentur, molestentur in aliquo sen graventur. In cujus, &c. Teste rege, apud Westni. qnintodecimo die Decemln'. XXVIII. Pro Monialibus de ordine Minorum, quce per Reginam Navarrce in Angliam sunt venturci'. (Pat. 21 Edw. I. m. 11.) Rex omnibus ad quos, &c., salutem. Licet de coni- muni consilio regni nostri statuerimus quod non liceat viris religiosis seu aliis ingredi feodum alicujus ita quod ad manum mortuam deveniat sine licentia nostra et eapitalis domini de quo res ilia immediate tenetui- ; volentes tamen Edmundo fratri meo carissimo gratiam facere specialem, dedimus ei licentiam quantum in nobis est, quod ipse quandam placeam terms cum jiertinentiis, quam habet de dono et feoffiimento magistri Thomas de Bredstrete in parocliia Sti. Eotulpbi extra Alegate, dare possit et assignare dilectis nobis in Christo monialibus de ordine Minorum, qu?e per nobilem dominam Blancain reginam Navarrte, consorteni ejusdem fratris nostri, in Angliam sunt venturse, et infra regnum nostnim niora- turse, ac Deo et beatse Marian ac beato Francisco servi- turffi, ad quandam domum ibidem construendam et inlia- bitandam ; habendum et tenendum eisdem monialibus et successoribus suis in perpetuum. Et eisdem monialibus quod placeam illam a prtBfato fratre nostro recipere possint, tenore priesentium similiter licentiam conce- rn 11 626 APPENDIX XXVIII. dimus speciall^n. Nolentes quod idem frater noster vel liseredes sui, aut prtiedictaa moniales seu siiccessores suae, ratione statuti pr?edicti per nos vel liceredes nostros inde occasionentur in aliquo aut graventur. Salvis tamen capitalibus domiiiis feodi illius servitiis inde debitis et consuetis. In cujus, &c. Teste rege, apud Westm. xxviii. die Junii, per ipsum regem, per inquisitionem retornatam de concilio. XXIX. De Denariis BlanchcB quondam Regince Navarrce capiendis ad opus Regis. (Pat. 31 Edw. I. m. 40.) Kex dilectis et fidelibus isuis Johanni le Blund, majori, et Hugoni Pourt, et Simoni de Parys, vicecomitibus snis Londonige, salutem. Quia pro quibusdam arduis nostris et regni nostri negotiis, neenon pro defensione ipsius regni contra inimicos nostros, invasores ejusdem, pecunia ad prsesens plurimum indigemus, assignavimus vos ad duo millia marcaram de denariis bonre memori^ Blanchise, quondam reginse Navan-se, quse Radulphus de Shepeye, nuper receptor denariorum ipsius reginse, in domo fratrum Minorum Londonige nomine ejusdem re- ginas deposuerat, ad opus nostrum capienda, et dilecto clerico nostro Johanni de Drokenefford, custodi garde- robse nostras liberanda, et ad qusedam jocalia nostra pretii duorum miUium, centum, sexaginta et trium librarum, sex solidorum et octo denariorum, una cum una parte cujnsdam indentm'se inde factse, cujus altera pars remanet in garderoba nostra prsedicta, quse vobis per prsefatum clericum nostrum mittimus in ecclesia fratrum prredict(>rum. in deposito, nomine pignoris, ])ro APPENDIX XXIX. 027 prasdicta peciinia, ad securitatem prredicti Radulphi do- ponenda. Et ideo vobis mandamus, quod ad domum fratinim praedictorum personaliter accedentes, pecuiiiam prfedictam ad opus nostrum capiatis, et prosfato clerico nostro liberetis, et jocalia nostra prsedicta una cum altera parte indenturse prredictse, et etiam litteras nos- tras patentes, quas similiter pro securitate prseftiti Radulphi factas vobis mittimus, ibidem deponatis custodienda, juxta tenorem litterarmii nostrarum paten- tium prasdictarum. In cujus, etc. Teste rege, apud Guldeford, xx. die Januarii. XXX. Rohertus Del gratia Lincolnieyisis einscopus diledo sihi in Christo fratri Ministro Fratrum Mino- rum in Anglia salutem et sincerum in Domino char itatis augment um. (Of liis return mth Adam de Marisco from the Coun- cil of Lyons, and the death of Alexander ab Hales.) Veros non molestat amicos, sed magis consolatur quic- -\.D. iQ-i.'i. quid sapienter et salubriter disponit Is, quem vera amicitia complectimur. Quapropter cum veri sitis amatores et amici Dei, non potest vos quicquam moles- tare quod Ipso fit ordinante. Ipsius autem pro^^dentia, qua) omnia sapienter disponit et salubriter, frater Jo- hannes socius fratris A. laborat quartana, qua segrotare incepit in reditu nostro apud Beluacum, quem diebus interpolationis duximus usque ad Nogent, et illinc per aquam Sequanse usque ad Parisios fecimus eum nos prajcedere. Quia autem non videbatur nobis neque fratri Ad?e secui'um quod sequeretm- nos inde usque mare, nee quod Parisiis moraretm- propter aeris ipsius loci infectionem non salubrem, elegimus ut per aquam iret Rothomag-iun, fratre Adamo usque illuc eundem 11 II 2 628 APPENDIX XXX. comitante, qui nullo modo voluit ab regrotante recedere donee notis sibi fratribiis in loco salubri ilium commi- sisset, et sic ad mare tandem nobis occurreret. Verump- tamen cum venissent ad urbem qn?e vocatur Manta, invalescente debilitate dicti fratris Johannis, non ausus fuit frater A. ilium ulterius ducere, nee propter ipsius debilitatem ab ipso recedere, ut nobis secundum con- dictum occurreret. Quia igitur apud dictam urbem Mantam ambo remanserunt, supplicamus omni qua possumus affectione quatenus fratrem P. de Theokes- byria cum aliquo vel aliquibus fratribus qui cum fratre Johanne possent commorari donee statum ipsius Do- minus emendaverit, fratre P. cum fratre A. redituro, ad prpedietam nrbem mittere non tardetis ; hoc enim utri- que fieri desiderant et supplicant. Prseterea sciatis quod non est securum quod frater A. prolixius moram trahat in illis partibus ; cum plures multum desidei'ant ipsum Parisiis detinere, maxime mortuis fratribus A. de Hales ^ et J. de Rupellis ; et sic tam vos quam nos maximo nostro solatio essemus destituti, quod absit. Omnino autem provideatur quod dictus frater P. nobis satagat occurrere antequam trans- fretet. Erimus autem per Dei gratiam apud Waland die Sabbati proxima post festum beati Dionysii. Cse- terum noveritis quod in causa visitationis plane (bene- dictus Dominus) pro nobis- et per consequens pro omni- bus episcopis est pronunciatum. Valete semper in Domino, Brown, Fas. ii. 2^- 888. ' The celebrated Schoolman, who | - By the Pope, that is, at the died at Paris in 1245. I council of Lyons in 1245. APPENDIX XXXI. 020 XXXI. Queen Eleanor to King Henry III. on belmlf of Boniface Archbishop Elect of Canterbury ; stating that she had received a letter from liini deprecating the King's anger, and promising to fulfil his wishes in relation to tlio Bisliop of Chichester. (From the Eoyal Letters formerly in the Tower.) Excellent issimo ac reveremllssiino domino suo H. Dei gratia Regi Anglioi illustri, domino Hyherniw, duel Normannice, Aquitannim, et comiti Andegavice, sua humiUima Consors et devotissima A., eadem gra- tia Regina Angliw, salutem et dehitam cum omni reverentia suhjectionem. Dominationi vestrse notum facimus, nos per Dei gratiam et liberos nostros sanos esse et incolumes, quod de vobis scire toto cordis et animi affect u de- sideramus. Regipe majestati vestra3 significantes, quod electus Cantuariensis pra3terita die nuncios suos, cum litteris suis, nobis destinavit, et per ipsos nobis signifi- cavit, quod quorundam relatu didicerat nos pro facto suo de episcopatu Cycestrensi contra ipsum fuisse com- motas, et petiit quod super hoc non molestaremur, nee contra ipsum moveremur. Cui per nuncios et litteras nostras significavimus, quod non fuit mirum si contra ipsum moveremur, cum vos super hoc offendisset, nee posset aliquo modo nostram habere benevolentiam dummodo vestram sustineret indignationem. Quibus etiam auditis et intellectis, in propria persona ad nos ac- cessit, nobis significans quod super prsedictis et omnibus aliis vestram pro posse suo adimpleret voluntatem, cui persuasimus quod vestram adimpleret voluntatem si nostram vellet sedare indignationem ; quia dum discordia G30 APPENDIX XXXI. inter vos et ipsum duraret, nostram iram nee indigna- tionem eidem ullo modo remitteremus. Excellentis- simse igitur dominationi vestrre omni qua possumu.s afFectioiie supplicamus, quatenus statnm vestrum, qiiem Dens prosperum faeiat et felicem, et vestrse voluntatis beneplacitimi, nobis crebro, si placet, significare digne- mini. Valeat excellentia vestra semper in Domino. 631 NOTES. Notices refeuued to in the Text. The Date of the Arrival of the Friaks. See p. 5. Two narratives from different sources, apparently rcferrin^r to different events connected with the arrival of the Minorites in England, have heen preserved in the Chronicle of Lanercost iuid the Liher Conformitatum. I give them here, as they sujiply an omission in Eccleston's text : — "A.D. 1224. Tlie rule and life of the Friars Minors was this year confirmed hy our Lord Honorius the Pope. And in this year, after the Feast of the Nativity of the glorious Virgin, the Friars Minors landed in England at Dover; four clerks and five laymen, simple men and despised, because at that time idiots (omnes fatui nativi) scarcely differed from them in the form of their dress. One who was a ijarabolist said of them, ' If they are in- wardly what they show outwardly, I take them to be better tlian any others who traverse the earth.' Of their contemptible apjiear- ance at their first coming take two instances. When they entered Flngland they asked entertainment at a nobleman's house near Dover in the guise of mendicants, and received it as strangers. For he locked them up in a strong chamber, and barricaded the entrance, that he might take counsel in the morning with his neighbours, and examine who they were. They all weary as they were betake themselves to repose until daybreak, and then, thinking to depart, found the doors locked. They wait patiently, imtil later in the day they are brought out before a multitude of spectators, who inquire of them who they are, and with what in- tention they had entered the island. When they alleged their pious purpose, one of the magistrates replied that they were spies and robbers. Thereupon a friar offering his cord with a smile, ' See,' said he, ' if you take us for robbers, here is a halter ready to hang us with.' Upon which the judges, returning to their senses, con- 632 NOTES. feused that they could not have any sinister purposes who thus freely offered themselves to death. "Another instance occurred not far from Oxford, at the new set- tlement of the Friars there. There was a knight who hated their mode of hfe, and had used them bitterly, blackening their good name whenever an opportunity ofPercd. It happened on Christmas day that he who ruled over the Friars assembled them to sow the saving seed of the Lord in the land. As two of them were going into a neighbouring wood, picking their way along the rugged path over the frozen mud and rigid snow, whilst the blood lay in the track of their naked feet without their perceiving it, the junior said to the elder, 'Father, shall I sing, and Hghten our journey?' and on leave being granted, he thundered forth a Salve Regina misericordiee. It so chanced that the soldier, by no means in good humour with them, was following the same road, without their knowledge. Now when the hymn was concluded, as the soldier saw the prints of the blood from their naked feet in the wood, he who had been the consoler said with a sort of self-con- gratulation to his companion, ' Brother, was not that an ti phonal well sung V Whereupon the soldier, breaking in upon their talk, ' Yes, l)y the Lord, it was; and may the Lord bless and prosper you, who, like the Apostles, are patient in necessities, and rejoice in tri- bulation.' And at this word he slipped from his horse, and asked pardon on his knees for the harsli judgments he had passed upon them." — Chron. de Lancrcost, ]). 31. In the Lil:)er Conformitatum of Bartholomew of Pisa, written towards tlie latter end of the 14th century, and therefore of less authority than Eccleston or the Chronicle already quoted, the follow- ing tradition has been preserved of the English mission : — "At Oxford lies Friar Agnellus de Pisis. He was the first mi- nister in England; glorious for his life and his miracles. He was the first who built a convent at Paris, and was Custos there. Whilst he was only a deacon he would not advance to priest's orders with- out licence from a general chapter. He was eventually appointed by St. Francis the first Minister to England, and sent there with four brethren, in which numlier was Friar Albertus de Pisis, who, after Agnellus, was Minister of England, and was indeed third General Minister after St. Francis. " This Friar Agnellus, with his aforesaid companions, going to England, entered that land on the third day of May, and were received at Canterbury most de^'outly, in the bowels of charity, by the Friars Preachers who dwelt there. Then wishing to go to Oxford, about eventide they arrived at a grange belonging to the Monks of Ambidon (Abingdon), in a vast wood between Bath NOTES. (uVS and Oxford; and not being able to proceed on their journey, as the floods were out, they asked hospitality at that late hour of the day, for the love of God, of the monks living in that grange, lest they should perish from hunger and the wild beasts in the wood. The porter told the Prior, who was there with four monks, sc. the sacrist, the cellarer, and a novice; who seeing them, and taking them for mummers, and not God's servants, drove them away reproachfully, and thrust them out of the gates. Rut the youngest monk had compassion on them, and said to the porter, ' When the Prior and monks are gone to bed, do you, for love of me, send those poor men into the hay-loft, and I will provide for the rest.' And when they were let into the loft, and rested among the hajr, the young monk brought them bread and beer, commend- ing himself to their devotions. On the following night, whilst he was asleep, he had a dream. He beheld Jesus sitting on a marvellous throne in the oratory, and all summoned before his judg- ment seat. Then cried the Judge with a terril)le voice, ' Let the guar- dians of this place be summoned. ' And when all were brought before him, there came a certain poor man, humble and despised, in the habit of those poor Friars, and he cried with a loud voice, ' O, most impartial Judge, the blood of my brethren (fratres) which hath been shed this night crieth unto thee. The guardians of this place have refused them meat and lodging, although they have left all for thy sake, and were now coming here to seek those souls which thou hast redeemed with thy blood ; they would not, in fact, have refused as much to jesters and mummers.' Then Christ with a terrible voice exclaimed to the Prior, ' Of what order art thou, O Prior.' And he said of the Order of St. Benedict. And Christ said to St. Benedict, ' Benedict, does he say true ?' And St. Benedict replied, ' He is the destroyer of my Order, and his companions who arc with him ; for I gave directions in my rule that the Abbot's table should always be filled with guests. Whereas they have refused food and shelter contrary to my rule.' Then the Judge commanded them to be hanged on the elm that stood in that cloister." The wi'iter then proceeds to state that in the morning the monk found his dream verified in the sudden death of the offenders, and went and told the news to the Abbot of Abingdon. The Friars uj)on entering Oxford presented themselves to King Henry, who liberally granted them a piece of land there ; and not only this monk, but the great Bishop of Erfurt Dns. Rodulphus and an Abbot ' entered the Order, and behaved with so much humihty that both carried ' Probably the abbot of Osney is here meant. G34 NOTES. water, and sand, and stones for the building of the place afore- said. " This Friar Agnellus received English lads into the Order, and setting up schools for the poor was zealous for study; but after- wards had reason for regret, when he saw the Friars bestowing their time on frivolities and neglecting needful things. For one day when he wished to see what proficiency they were making, he entered the schools whilst a disputation was going on, and hearing them wrangling and questioning Utrum sit Deus, he cried, ' Woe is me, woe is me. Simple brothers enter Heaven, and learned brothers dispute whether there is a God at all!' Then he sent 10/. sterling to the Court to buy the Decretals, that the Friars might study them, and give over frivolities." — Lib. prim. f. 79 b. The Hospitale Sacerdotum, referred to by Eccleston as the place where the Friars Minors were first entertained on their landing in England, is evidently "The Hospital of Poor Priests," afterwards the Bridewell of the town of Canterbury. It was founded by the Archdeacon Simon Langton, brother of the celebrated Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury. Both were great favourers of the Friars Minors. — See Somner, p. "JX. Dispute respecting the Living of Thame. Epist. Adam de Marisco, p. 185. "In these days [1241] there sprung up a serious feud between our Lord the King and the Bishop of Lincoln (Grostete,) because a certain clerk of the king's, prudent and loyal, by name John Mansel, by the favour and aid of the king, and by reason of a provision obtained from our Lord the Pope, was admitted into the possession of the church of Thame. This church my Lord the ]?isho]) had conferred during its vacancy on a clerk named Master Simon of London, the pcenitentiary of the Bishop of Durham. The bishop, incensed at the king's ])roceeding, diligently admonished his Majesty, then staying in Wales, by his Archdeacons of Hun- tingdon and Leicester, that, in gratitude to God for his unexpected victory, he should hasten to amend so enormous a trespass, lest I)erchance the Lord in His anger should turn his laughter into mourning. To this the King replied, ' I answer heart-free ; because an ' Ut aquam in baculo et harilli ambo portarent ; ct lapidcs, &,c. There must be some error in the text. Barillas (Angl. a barrel or a jjail), used for carrying sand or stone. See M. Paris, Vitsc, p. 154. NOTES. 035 appeal has been lodged ; and no change ought to he made pend- ing an appeal. I have attempted nothing except upon the advice of the learned in the law, and on the strength of Apostolical au- thority,' Then said one of the archdeacons, ' My Lord the King, our Lord the Bishop of Lincoln has a privilege from the See Apos- tolic whereby he is exempted from providing for any one by apos- tolical mandate, except there be special mention made of the pri- vilege. But in the tenor of this Papal mandate, which the foresaid John relies on, and by reason of which he has, with your aid, thrust himself into the said church, there is no mention of such a privi- lege. Therefore, the Bishop of Lincoln is not bound in this case to answer him, specially in the collation of the Church of Thame, which he has conferred ah'eady on another person during its vacancy. And supposing the bishop had no such privilege, it is unreason- able that any one should thrust himself into the possession of a church without leave of the diocesan ; more than all, against his wiU; no, not even though he were supported by the authority of the Pope, since our Lord the Pope desires that all things should be done decently and in order. But what need is there for dissension, why attempt in this way ? Our Lord the Bishoj) of Lincoln Avill be easily inclined, on your and his own petition, to provide for Master John, according to his deserts, as an ex- cellent, wise, and competently-learned man, a benefice as rich or even richer ; and the collation will then be in both cases lawful and honest. And that it may be so, our Lord the Bishop humbly and devoutly requires; for he is prepared to fulminate the sen- tence of anathema on all the spoilers and invaders of his Church's dignity.' When the aforesaid John had heard this, as well as the King and his councillors, he said, ' My Lord the King, far be it that discord or disturbance should arise on my accoimt between such noble personages. I patiently resign my right. Tlie Lord will at his good pleasure provide sufficiently for me so long as you are alive.' " ' The chronicler then proceeds to state that, as the King delayed compliance on his return to London, Grostete made his appearance, ready to pronounce sentence of excommunication upon Mansel and his adherents. Upon which the latter, in great terror, absolutely resigned the living of lliame into the hands of the King. This must be the resignation to which Adam de Marisco refers. Here- upon the King, fearing that if he held out any longer, Grostete ' A sly piece of irony on the part I :Manscl had been more tlian siidi- of Mat. Paris ; seeing that John I ciently provided for ah-eady. G3G NOTES, would resign his bishopric, and go into voluntary exile, as he was prepared to do, mitigated the rigor of his determination, and the dispute was compromised by bestowing on John Mansel the Church of Maidstone. — M. Paris in an. 1241. William de Beauciiamp. See p. 286. This William Beauchamp of Bedford, son of Simon, a nobleman of great power and authority, had adhered to the barons in the wars against King John. "And as," says Dugdale, "this William de " Beauchamp had been an active person in those turbident times " against King John, so did he continue against King Henry the " Third, as is manifest from his being taken prisoner in the Battle " of Lincoln, 1 H. III. But submitting to obedience before the end " of that year, as most did, he had restitution of his lands, which " were seised upon for that trangression. "In 2 Hen. III., he paid sixty-one pounds sixteen shilhngs, upon " levying the first scutage of that King, for those forty-five knights " fees and a half, a fifth and twelfth part, which he then held, " and was the same year in the King's army at Newark. " In 7 Hen. III., being with other great men in that expedition " then made into Wales, he had scutage of all his tenants in the " counties of Middlesex, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Bucking- " hamshire, Huntingdonshire, and Berkshire, and deserved so well " for that service, that the next year following, after the King " had caused the castle of Bedford to be wholly demolished, and " the ditches thereof to be filled up, he obtained a patent for the " site thereof, with liberty to erect a mansion upon it, and to in- " close it vnih. a wall, not exceeding the height of that which " was for the lesser ward, but to be without any battlement. " In 10 Hen. III., being in the King's army atGrosmund in AVales, " against Richard, Earl Marshal, then in rebellion, he suffered " with the rest of the King's forces, who were, by a sudden sur- " prise from the Welsh, despoiled of all they had there. " In 19 Hen. HI., he was constituted Sheriff for the Coimties of " Buckingham and Bedford, in which year he obtained a charter " to himself, and Ida his wife, who was the King's cosin, that " the Mannor of Newport, of her dowry, should thenceforth be " exempt from suit to the county, or Hundred Court, aid to the " sheriff, and view of Frank-pledge. "In 20 Hen. III., at the solemn nuptials of that King, he per- " formed the office of almoner for the same day. And in 21 " Hen. HI. executed the office of sheriff for the counties of Bed- " ford and Buckingham. NOTES. G37 " In 36 Hen. III., at the instigation of his wife, he nnich afllieted the monks of Waton in Bedfordshire, and diversly opjiressed the canons of Newnham, whom he ought to have cherished and favoured, as my author saith. And in the 37 Hen. III., gave a fine of one hundred pound to the King that he might he ex • cused from attending him at that time into Gascoignc. " In 41 Hen. III., being grown aged, he settled all his estate upon William his son, whose homage thereupon the King received, ratifying that grant; and the next ensuing year received com- mand to be at Chester upon Monday next preceding the Feast of S. John the Baptist, well furnished with horse and arms, to oppose the hostile incursions of Lewelin, Prince of Wales. It seems he was then in person there, for by a special writ he was acquitted for his scutage upon that expedition; and died in 44 Hen. III., leanng an honorable fame behind him for many great exploits, but especially for his munificence to divers reli- gious houses." — Dugdale's Baronage. Hugh Mortimer. See p. 298. This Hugh Mortimer was fii'st, as I said, official of Canterbury, " Boniface being Archbishop elect, and taking ship to go for Rome, " commanded the woods belonging to his archbishopric to be cut " down and sold, and certain taxes and impositions to be levied " upon the lands, and instituted Mr. Hugh Mortimer, a native " of the Province of Poitou, his official, who diligently executed " his commands." He continued ofiicial very long, it seems, for in the year 1270 I find a decision of his as official in a controversy wherein the monks of Horton Priory in Kent were interested, re- corded in the Leiger of that house. It seems he was also chan- cellor or vicar-general to the Archbishop ; for in the year 1258 he sends his mandate of induction to the Archdeacon's official for the inducting the Abbot of St. Radegund into the parsonage of Alcham. Afterwards, to wit, about the year 1271, he became arch- deacon, which place he held about fourteen years. Archbishoi) Boniface died 1270, at which time Hugh Mortimer was in possession of the archdeaconry, and had been so (as is most probable) two years before the death of that archbishop. ... In which time, to wit, in the vacancy of the arbishopric by the death of Boniface, I find him play the diocesan, in appropriating by authority or ordi- nary to the Hospital of Poor Priests in Canterl)iu'y the parish church of St. Margaret in Canterbury, with consent of the pati-on, the Abbot of St. Austin's. . . His challenging of this and the like power, in the time of the vacancy, begat a quarrel between him 638 NOTES. and the monks of Christ Church, the like to that between his predecessor, Simon Langton, and them, both in the natm'e and end of it. — Somner's Cant. p. 157. Electus Cantuariensis naves ascensurus jussit nemora archiepi- scopatus abscidi et vendi, et quasdam tallias et collectas in terris suis fieri, et constituit quendam suiim officialem, natione Pictavi- ensem, magistrum Hugonem de Mortuo Mari, qui diligenter man- data sua exsequebatm-. — Florilegium [ad an. 1245, p. 189.] " Whilst these events were in the covu'se of occurrence, Boniface, Archbishop elect of Canterbury, and the Bishops of Hereford and Worcester, who, of all the prelates of England, were the most special friends of the Pope, and the most suspected by the EngUsh, suddenly set sail to go to the Pope on some secret business. . . . The said Boniface also, after careful examination, declared the Church of Canterbury to be irremediably shackled %\-ith debts to the amount of 15,000 marks. Therefore, at his departure, when about to em- bark at Dover, he ordered the woods belonging to the archbishopric to be cut do^vn and sold, and hea\'ier collections and tallies to be made amongst the clergy and the laity." — Mat. Paris ad an. John a.nd Alexander, the Minorite Collectors. See p. 313. " Whilst fortune was deceiving the world with such illusions, two friars of the Minorite order, named John and Alexander, Englishmen by birth, obtained from the Pope the power of extorting money for the use of his holiness, and were sent by him into England. Armed with many papal bulls, and hiding under sheep's clothing the rapacity of wolves, they presented themselves to the king with do^vn- cast looks, and flattering speech ; begged his permission to wander through England, collecting alms for the Pope, asserting they would vise no coercion. Obtaining permission from the king, who saw nothing sinister in their proceedings, the said friars now transformed into sophistical legates, and elated with the gifts of the king's clerks, set out from the court mounted on palfreys, with gilded housings, adorned in costly raiment, booted and spuiTcd like knights, to the injury and discredit of their order and profession. They took on themselves the functions and exercised the tyranny of legates; demanded procurations and thought nothing of exacting 20 shillings on every such occasion. They visited first the higher order of the clergy demanding money for the Pope, under a grievous penalty, allowing but little time for reply or payment. Coming to Grostete, the Bishop of Lincoln, who had been a special NOTES. (i3.0 fi-iend and favorer of tlie order, so much that he had once conceived the idea of entering it himself, he was overwhehned with astonish- ment at behokhng such a monstrous transformation in the liahit. Ijehavior and office of the friars Minors. As they pressed him with great urgency for a small sum from his diocese, viz., six thousand marks, in compliance with the papal mandate, the bishop replied with grief and astonishment, " Brother, this demand, saving the " Pope's reverence, is unexampled and dishonorable ; to obey it " is impossible. It does not concern me alone, but the clergy. " the people, and the kingdom in general. Until I have obtained " the advice of the community of this realm I cannot think of giving " a precipitate answer on so arduous and perilous a business." — M. Paris, A.D. 1247. Countess oi'^ Arundel. See p. 331. About the same time, whilst the king was still staying at London, there came to him in his chamber, Isabella, Countess of Arundel, relict of H. Earl of Arundel, a kinswoman of the king, to plead her rights in a certain lordship to her belonging. The king assiuned at first a look of calmness, but afterwards harshly rated her, refusing to listen to her request. Upon this the coimtess, though a woman, replied with dignity more than a woman. " My Lord " the King, do you turn away your face from the right ? Justice " can no longer be obtained in your court. You are the appointed " mediator between the Lord and us ; but you govern neither us nor " yourself well ; and you scruple not to vex and trouble the church " in many ways ; and this you have shown not only now but ujjon " divers occasions. Without fear and compunction you oppress " your nobles in various ways." On this the king, with a sneer and a grin, said, with a loud voice : " Ho, ho, my lady countess, have " the noblemen of England granted you a charter, and struck a " bargain with you to become their spokeswoman and prolocutress " because of your eloquence?" "My liege," repUed the countess, with a firmness beyond her years, " the nobles have made no " charter, but you and your father have made a charter, and you " have sworn to observe it inviolably, and yet, many times have " you extorted money from your subjects after promising to kecji " your word, and after all shown yourself a shameless trans- " gressor. Where are the liberties of England, often reduced lo " writing, so frequently granted, so often redeemed? I, thougli " only a woman, and all your natural and faithful subjects, " appeal against you, to the tribunal of the awful Judge of ail. " Heaven and earth shall be our witnesses, and may the Lord of 6iO NOTES. " vengeance judge our quarrel ; since you refuse us justice." Upon this the king was silent and confused. At length he said : " Do " you not ask this favor because you are my kinswoman?" To which she replied : " How can I hope you will grant me that " as. a favor which you deny me as a right? I appeal before the " face of Christ against those who are your advisers, who infatuate " and bewitch you." — Mat. Paris, A.D, 1252. Dispute respecting the Hospital in Southwark. See p. 337. In the year 1252, about the octaves of St. Martin [Nov. 18.], a priest intruded himself into the wardenship of St. Thomas's Hospital, in Southwark, with the consent of the Bishop of Winchester, in whose diocese that hospital stands. But Master Eustace de Len, the Archbishop's official, considering his dignity affi'onted, because his consent ought fu'st to have been asked in reference to the patronage, admonished the priest to retire, once, twice, and a third time. The priest, who is also the prior, refused, sticking fast to possession. The official excommunicates him on the ground of contumacy, and under this sentence the prior remained for forty days, redoubling his threats and his abuse. The official considering such pride to be intoleraljle, commanded the priest to be arrested as a con- tumacious offender. Hereupon the prior took sanctuary in the church, in his sacerdotal vestments, but the officers sent to appre- hend him, spared not to arrest him, as he was excommunicated, and had done despite to the keys of the church. So the official gave orders that he should be brought to Maidstone, a manor of the Archbishop's, until deliberation had about this matter ; because it was said that the ArchbishofJ would soon be there. When the Bishop elect of Winchester heard this, he fumed red hot with rage, unbecoming a bishop ; and deeming himself to have suf- fered a very grievous affront, he made a complaint to his brethren. Elated by their aid and advice, he assembled a band of soldiers, and with a large company at his heels, sent them in c|uest of the authors of this violence, intending to have them arrested. With a mighty fury and tumult they came in hostile array to Southwark, expecting to find the guilty party. But after they had pried into every hole and corner, without any result, they hurried off to Maid- stone, resolving to liberate the prior, detained there as a prisoner. Breaking bars and bolts, and examining every corner, as they could not discover the object of their search, who had been carefully stowed away, they called for fire, proposing to burn the whole place to ashes. After much mischief done, not finding him whom they were in quest of, and hearing from some tale-bearer in XOTES. G4] the neighbourhood that the official was at Lambeth, near London, they hurried off there in a body, and wrenching the gates from' then- hinges and battering them down with levers, they lay violent hands on the official, as he was sitting down to dinner, never anticipating any such proceeding, and drag him o£F, like the vilest offender taken in a larceny, and set him on a scuny horse and carry him off at their pleasure ; not so much as allow- ing him to hold the bridle. Oh, rash presumption, oh, inexcu- sable irreverence, to treat and vex with so much ignominy so authentic a man, so excellently learned, so clearly famous; above all, one who was the representative of the Archbishoj) ; * * * So after they had done all that their anger, or rather fury, suggested, they dragged off the official by the bridle to Farnham,' until they should be certified of the restitution of the prior. At length they let him go. He is driven away as a caitiff. The official, though an old man, flew away like a bird to Walerlee [Waverley?], a Cistercian house, rejoicing for that time that he had escaped their crooked and hooked hands and claws, without daring to look behind him, lest he should suffer the doom of Lot's wife. And when the monks saw him they marvelled what mishap could have driven him there a solitary and a fugitive. Tliere lie toolc breath and received consolation. The party of the Archbishop who had received this wrong lodged a heavy complaint before the Archbishop of this presumption, M-ith many sighs and tears, exaggerating great offences into greater, and of grave ones making still graver. Stirred with anger more than I can tell you, the Archbishop exclaims : " These are sharp tidings " on my first arrival :"' then taking with him the Bishops of Chichester and Llereford, he started for London. There with the two mentioned bishops in full jiontificals, in the presence of an innumerable assemblage of people summoned to attend by the voice of the crier, tliirty days' indulgence being granted to those who came, the Archbishop excommunicated, in St. Mary the Arches, with excessive horror and solemnity, all the contrivers and abettors of this rash act, except our Lord the King, and the Queen, with their children. Earl Richard, the countess his wife, and their children. And he ^vrote besides to aU his suffragans in virtue of their obedience to the see of Canterbury, strictly charging them to do the same in their churches every Sunday and holiday. On the other side the Bishop elect of Winchester commanded the Dean of Southwark and some others of his subjects to with- stand the Archbishop and denounce to his face that his excommu- nication was null and void. " Yes," said he, " it is empty and " frivolous, and in the wrong-doer a mere foxlike shuffle." S S G4<2 NOTES. However, the Archbishop treasuring up the fire of his hate under its ashes, as Master Eustace, who was more hurt and more indignant, instigated him to revenge for so enormous a transgression, directed his steps to Oxford, and summoning a convocation of all the scholars then resident there from all parts, he propounded to them publicly this nefarious act seriatim ; that by their reports an offence so enormous might not be hidden even from distant nations. As he approached the town there went out to meet him on high horses, in their best array, an innumerable multitude of the clergy, doing honor, as they ought, to an archbishop and primate of all England. And as he sat down to a sumptuous dinner they looked on. Now when the Archbishop and his scambling clerks saw the s^avoir faire, the staidness of demeanor, the style, the ad- dress, the sternness of their morals, he was compelled to acknow- ledge that the University of Oxford was a worthy rival to the University of Paris. So on the day after St. Nicholas [Dec. /th.], before all the clergy assembled at the sound of their common bell, the Archbishop caused to be read aloud the presumptuous temerity and temerarious presumption of the Bishop elect of "Winchester, who had conceived this audaciousness from his proximity to the King, and of his brethren and his accomplices, and he published the names of the transgressors, and intimated the sentence he had passed on them before.— Mat. Paris, in an. 1252. The Minorites at Scarborough. See p. 406. The obscure allusion to Scarborough is explained by a passage in the letter of Grostete. It is addressed to the Cistercian abbot and convent there, an order notoriously unfriendly to the friars. " I have received," he says, " a letter apostoUc, to the eifect, that on the authority therein contained, I should have the buildings of the Minorites of Scarborough demolished, if they be of such a nature as is described in the aforesaid letter. I have accordingly summoned the friars, and on their appearing by proxy legally con- stituted, before my official acting on my behalf, during two days' litigation, it was objected on their part against the said letter that there was a flaw in its construction, and they exhibited a faculty {privileffium) to the effect that the friars could not be con- vented by letters apostolic except express mention were made of the said indulgence, and of their order. After much altercation on these and other points, on the third day the friars appeared by their proctor before me sitting in my own person, and one of their order said as follows : That although, notwithstanding their profession, they thought they might innocently defend them- selves in this behalf, by contending that they were supporting NOTES. 04-3 their own rights befi)re me, not in temporal matters, but the sal- vation of souls, arising from their inhabiting the said ]Aace, and that in such a cause, as they alleged, ordinary law and right must give way to the salvation of souls ; yet because (as the same brother asserted) their profession is the gospel, which bids us not to resist evil, but to him that strikes us on the right cheek to offer the other also, and because the authority of St. Paul requires us rather to be defrauded than to strive, — therefore they would freely recede from their right, and abandon the place which had given occasion to this dispute, forljearing the least offence to you, whom they regard as their most holy fathers and abundant benefactors. And the same brother, prostrating himself at the feet of yoiu- proctor and others of your fraternity then present before us, humbly requested pardon for his Order, inasmuch as for two days of the trial the foresaid friars, guided by the spirit of evil counsel, had, as it were, in defence of their own right, offended your charity. The proctor also of the said friars of Scarborough ratifying the same, expressly renounced on their behalf the foresaid exemption and privilege, and all other defences thereto belonging. But we,' with your proctor and others of your fraternity then present, con- sidering, or rather being assured, that if the aforesaid friars should hereupon depart from Scarborough, as according to the assertion of their proctor they professed themselves with all humility pre- pared to do, it would not redound to the credit of your Order, but rather blacken your reputation, as your discretion, without any suggestion on my part, may readily understand, with the advice and assent of your said proctor and fraternity have tolerated the stay of the Friars Minors of Scarborough in that place, until we had given you notice of the premises, and received your determi- nation by Letters Patent as to their abiding there, or their departure from the same, &c." — Brown's Fasc. ii. 3S3. Johannes de S. Egidio. See p. 132, 172. John de St. Giles here spoken of was a Dominican friar of no mean repute, and the intimate friend of Bishop Grostete. He was born (according to Bale) near St. Alban's, studied at Paris, became an eminent physician, was appointed Professor of Medicine in the University there, and enjoyed the favour and patronage of PhiUp Augustus. After a successful career at Paris and Mont- peUier, he applied himself to theology at the time when the Order of St. Dominick made its appearance in the University of Paris; and he was the first Englishman who embraced that profession, > Vos in Brown ; it should be nos evidently. S S 2 G-i^! NOTES. and the first of that profession who publicly taught theology in the schools. According to Touron,' he succeeded Roland of Cre- mona in the Chair of Theology at Thoulouse about 1231, where he was exposed to the hostilities of the Albigenses; and shortly after held the Chair of Theology at Oxford. It was here that he became acquainted with Grostete, then reader to the Minorite Friars, with Robert Bacon and Richard Fishacre, To this account of him, found in most works which speak of this Order, we can now add the information furnished by the letters of Grostete and De Marisco. Among those of the former there is an earnest supplication to Jordanus, the Prior General of the Dominicans,- in which the writer, after mentioning the intimacy existing at Oxford between himself and the Prior General, proceeds to say, "Yoiu* charitable " discretion is well aware that our diocese is much larger and more " populous than any other in England, and therefore I need more " effectual aid in the preaching of God's word, in the hearing of *' confessions, in the enjoining of penance, more prudent counsel in " the various and new emergencies which continually start up, a " sound and healthy determination according to the meaning of '*' Scripture. I know of no man who can be so effectual a coadjutor " in these respects as Friar John de St. Giles, whose soul, per- " ceiving my need and great necessity in these respects, is graciously " pleased to accede to my requests if it meets with your charital)le " approval; Wherefore, at the feet of your benignity, I, prostrate, " supjilicate you with hvunble devotion, and adjure you by the " sprinkhng of the blood of Jesus Christ, and by the compassion " of his beloved Mother, that you would mercifully grant my " request, and license Friar John, or rather enjoin him, to help me, " a prop to my weakness, a sujjplement to my insufficiency, &c." This request it seems was complied with. Grostete bestowed on him the prebend of Leighton (see p. 132,) and the archdeaconry of Oxford (I72,) from which preferments he requested to be released, as Adam de Marisco informs the Bishop. He outlived his friend however; for Mat. Paris states that in 1253, during his last sickness, Grostete summoned to his bed-side John de St. Giles, " skilful in " medicine, in theology learned and refined," to receive comfort from him both in body and soul. ' c. 1 13. I ' Kp. 40. INDEX. INDEX. A. A., -warden of the friars, London, 396. de Abendune, Robert, rector of the church of Risberga, 247. de Abingdon, Willielmus, a famous preacher, 36, 549, Accursus, Frater, 526. de Acquitania, Fr. Deodatus, 527. Ada de Howden, divinity reader in Oxford, 553 ; in Cambridge, 556. Adam, a priest, 240. Adjutus, Frater, 526. de S. ^gidio, J., archdeacon of Oxford, 403. See de S. Egidio. Agareni, 527. de S. Agatha, Robert, Chancellor of the University of Oxford, (?) 107 ; sent to Grostete, ib ; his interposition requested to prevent the disturbances in the University, 248 ; letters addressed to hun, 256, 257. S. Agnes, 543. de S. Albano, Michael, 505, 506. Albertus Pisanus, friar, 6, 19, 27, 28, 29 32, 34, 38, 53, 549 ; English provincial minister, 47, 558 ; strict in reforming abuses, 48 ; praises the English friars above all others, 48, 49 ; minister of Hungary, Alemaunia, &c., 54 ; opposes the Dominicans, 56 ; his shrewd sayings, 56, sq., 59 ; rebukes a young preacher at Oxford for his vanity, 60 ; 4th general minister for three years, 533, 559 ; dies at Rome, 48, 537. de Albis, Frater Conradus, 528. Albon, William, citizen of London, 516 ; benefactor of the G rey Friars, ib. 511. Aldgate, Holy Trinity, 512. de Aldham, Peter, 135. de Alemauia, Bartholomtcus, merchant, 515. Alexander Auriraallcrater, 409. Alexander, blaster of the Hospital, Can- terbury, 16. Alexander IV., 530. de Alexandria, Alexander, minister- general, 534, 559. de Alexandria, Frater Eaurentius, 528. Alifax, Robertus, reader at Cambridge, 557, Allitarius, Willielmus fil. Reginald!, 622. de Alnewika, Martinus, divinity reader at Oxford, 553. de Alnewyke, Willelmus, divinity reader at Oxford, 553. Alneston, (Aunestone), 149. Alphonso, King of Aragon, 540. Alphonso, King of Bohemia, 540. Alphonso, King of Portugal, 540. Alsace, duke of, 540. de Alvernia, Frater Johannes, 529. (34S INDEX. Anchona, 528. de Andegavia, H., 256. Andrew, James, Mayor of London, 521. de Anglia, Fr. Willielmus, 529. Anglieus, Haymo. iVeFaversliam. Anianus. See St. Asaph, bishop of. Angnellus or Agnellus of Pisa, sent by St. Francis into England, 5 ; at the general chapter of the order, 1 ; detects a pious fraud, 14 ; holds a chapter at London, 29 ; orders the demolition of a building at Gloucester, 35 ; builds a school at Oxford, 37, 549 ; induces Grostete to teach there, ib. ; obtains the decree of Nimis in/qua in behalf of the friars, 41 ; first provincial minister of England, 52, 495, 537, 547 ; his strict- ness, 53 ; refuses to be promoted to the priesthood without the preceptof a general chapter, 54 ; account of his death, ib. ; buried at Oxford, 559.— See 8, 9, 12, 13, 34. Anilyeres, N. (or Aynelers, or Anivers), letter of Adam de Marisco in his behalf, requesting that lie may be allowed to stay and study in England, 316, 370, 380. Anthony, King of Castille, 539. St. AntoniusofPadua, 42, 44, 529 ; sent to Pope Gregory IX. for the exposition of the Rule of St. Francis, 45. St. Antonius, 528. Antioch, patriarch of, 25, 62. de Apeltre, H., divinity reader in Oxford, 552 ; and at Cambridge, 555. de Aquasparta, Mathseus, bishop of S. Ruffina, 532, 534 ; minster-general, ib., 558. de Anesti, Th., letter addressed to, in be- half of Wm. de Standun, 244. de Aragonia, frater Barnardus, 528. Aristotelis Ethica, 112, 114. Armalecis, city of, 528. de Armenia, Fr. Antonius, 528. Arnaldus, 158. Arnulfus pcEnitentiarius Papsc Greg. IX., 30, 45, 47 5 sent to bishop Grostete, 158. de Arragonia, Petrus, reader at Cam- bridge, 557. Arundel, Countess of, 331 ; her remon- strance to Henry III., 641. de Arundel, Willielmus, archdeacon of Huntingdon, translator of the Bible, 204. St. Asaph, Anianus, bishop of, 255, 401. de Assewelle, W., reader at Cambridge, 555. Asshwy, Radulphus, Sheriff of London, 496, 497. Assisi, Church of St. Francis, a contribution to, by Henry IIL, 613. de Assisio, Fr. Helyas, 532, 533. de Ast, Henricus, minister-general, 536. Atchirche, John, 222. Attenstone, John, master of the Hospital of St. James, extra London., 506. de A uderuco, ^Egidius, 503. de Averinges, Richard, 276. de Autringham, Johannes, reader at Cam- bridge, 557. de Ayleshani, Geoffrey, confessor of the Earl of Gloucester (Gilbert de Clare), 514. B. Babylon, The Soldan of, 528. Bachun, Thomas, of the convent of Not- tingham, 349. Bacon, R., 56, Bacon, Roger, makes his profession on the day that he enters the Order, 550 ; cf. 56 ; John de Provincia dedicates a book to him under the title of Innominatus Magiater, 533. de Baginton, Inclusa, 16. Balauncer, Radulphus, Sheriff of London, 506. de Baldoc, Hugo, 21, 547. Banistre, Johannes, St. Francis appears to him, 219. INDEX. (I ti) de Bannebyriii, J, 391. de Barioc, Hugo, 158. See de Berions. de Barneby, Joannes, divinity reader at Oxford, 552. Bartholomew, rector of Eaddewell, 2.32 ; a letter to him, 251. St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield, 499, sq. St. Bartholomew's, Gilbert Prior of, 449. de Barton, Martin, vicar of the English Minister, 25 ; custos of York, 27. de Barton, Ric, reader at Cambridge, 555. Bartrandus, Fr. cardinal, 5-31. de Basing, Adam, Mayor of London, 497. de Basing, Salekinus, a benefactor to the Franciscans, helps to build their convent, 17, 509. de Basinges, Will., a friar, 395. , Will., a knight, a friend of the friars, 509. Basset, John, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. Basyng, Robert, Sheriff of London, 500. Basynges, Thomas, 510, 511. Batale or Batalye, William, a friar at Northampton, 292, 309, the queen re- quests his attendance, 332. de Bathonia, Henry, letter in his behalf, 385. de Bathonia, Hugo, 10 ; provincial minister in England, 537, 560. de Bathonia, Reginald, 122; letter ad- dressed to him, 243. Batte, or Bate, Nicolaus, Sheriff of London, 479. Bavard, Andreas, D.D., benefactor to the friars, 520. Baytayle, Cecilia, 497. Beaton, Waltcrus, reader at Cambridge; 556. de Bechesoueres, Adam, a friar skilled in medicine, 389 ; his aid requested, 404 ; in the employ of the Bishop of Lincoln, 405 ; absent, 333 ; Adam de Marisco intercedes for him, 320. .S'eeHekeshovre. Bedford, 580. de Belase, Stephen, warden of Lynn, custos of Plereford, 62. Belet, Simon,Sheriff of London, 505. de Bcllo Campo, AVill., a letter to, 286, 301. de Bello Campo, Ida, lady ; a letter t«>, ."iol. Belton (Grace Dieu) nunnery of; recom- mended to Grostete's care, 115,40.3; new- ly founded, ill., 119 ; its estates badly managed, ib.; in danger of ruin, 1.30. Bellun, Will., letters addressed to, 396, 397, sq. ; his kind offices with the King re- quested, 398, 401, 402, and with the Earl of Cornwall, 400. de Belvaco, Laur., 7. Benedict XII., 535. Benet, Robert, citizen of London, 510. St. Bernardinus, 529. Beraldus, Frater, 526. Bereford, 117. Berengarius, 43. de Berewyco, Joannes, divinity reader in Oxford, 552. Berginge, 13. de Berion, Hugo, 114. Sec de Barioe. de Berkeley, Thomas of Gloucester, 35. Berwick, 581. de Beskerevile, Anora, a nun, unlit fur the rule of the Priory of , 149. de Bever, AValter, and Johanna his wife, 518. Bevercote, R. reader at Cambridge, 550. de Beverlaco, Robertas, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. Beverley, 579. de Beverley, or de Beverlaco, J., 3 1 7, 393. de Beverley, Roger, 499. Beyton, Richard, and Margaret his wife, 516. dc Bissingburne, Alexander, 42. Blanche, Queen of France, 381. , of Navarre, 625, 626. de Blockeswourthe, Walterus, reader at Cambridge, 550. Blokkesham, 117. le Blound, or Blount, John, Mayor of London, 503, 504, 505, 626. G50 INDEX. le Blound, Walter, Sheriff of London, 502. . , Radulphus, Sheriff of London, 505. de Bocliam, Galfridus, 502. Bocton, Johannes, goldsmith, 507. St. Bodhoc, Oxford, 616, Boiolus, 378. Bokerell, Andrew, Sheriff of London, 494. le Bolle, Henry, Sheriff of Loudon, 503. Bonagracia fr., minister-general, 534. St. Bonaventura de Balneo regio, 529, 531, 533, 558 ; cardinal, letters addressed to, 304, 306. Bonde, herald, 509. de Bongey, Roger, Mayor of Loudon, 496, 497. Bongey, Thomas, provincial minister of England, 537, 550, 752; reader at Oxford and at Cambridge, 555, 560. Bonifacius frater, companion to St. Fran- cis, 51. Borthorp, Jordanus, Sheriff of London, 501. Boseho, Pers, Sheriff of London, 503, 504. de Bosellis, Gregorius, at the chapter of Genoa, 32 ; reader at Leicester, 38, 549 ; vicar to the minister general, 70 ; assists the Archbishop of Canterbury, 135, 77 ; intimate with Simon de Montfort, 270 ; visits him in Gascony, 276, 277, 308, 368 ; his company desired by the Coun- tess, 281. See also 138, 235, 388. Boston, 579. Bourne, Roger, Knt., buried at Norwich, 541. Box, Hamund, Sheriff of London, 503. , Henricus, Sheriff of London, 503. , Martin, Sheriff of London, 501. Boys, Vincentius, provincial minister, 528, 561. Boysaliz, a dangerous pass between Oxford and Gloucester, 28. Boznia, 527. de Bradele, Walter, 240 ; keeper of the Queen's wardrobe, 288, n. Branchester, Thomas, 504, 512. de Brangford, Adam, an apostate friar, 361. de Bredstrete, Thomas, 625. Breton, Johannes, Mayor of London, 502, 503. de Briddilton, Philippus, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. Bridgenorth, 581. S. Brigida, 543. Brisingham, Henry, reader at Oxford, 550, 552. — , T., (?) reader at Oxford, and at Cambridge, 555. Bristol, 29, 38, 549. Briton, Laurentius, divinity reader in Ox- ford, 554, de Brixia, Petrus, 45, de Bromtoun, Will., clerk, 500. Brugewater, 35, 537, 547, 580. Brumhale, 152, near Windsor, 153. Bruyll, John, warden of the Franciscans in London, 523. Bryngkeley, Ricardus, provincial minister, 539. de Bucho, Joannes, minister-general, 565, de Bugeton, Hugo, 18. Burden, Robert, Sheriff of London, 506. Burell, Henry and Alice, his wife, 516. de Burford, Johannes, Sheriff of London, 505. de Burforde, cantor fratrum, at Paris, 24 ; his verses, 25; inducted at Paris, 36, 48. de Burgh, Elizabeth, sister of Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, a benefactor to the friars, 514. de Burgo, Hubert, 13. de Burgo, Walter, 14 ; his vision, 495. Biirgois, L., 229. Butler, William, provincial minister, 538, 561. de Bykertone, Walterus, reader at Cam- bridge, 557. INDEX. Go I C. Caller, Robertus, Sheriff of London, 503, 504. Cambridge 10, 17, 38, 40, 62, 326, 547. de Camera, Galfridus, a benefactor to the friars, 509. de Camera, Petrus, Doctor of Divinity, Bishop of Novara, Archbishop of Milan, 530. de Camera, Petrus. See Alexander IV. Candysch, Thomas, goldsmith, London, benefactor to the Friars Minor, 517. , Stephen, a benefactor to the same, 517. de Cannynge Thomas, reader at Cam- bridge, 566. Canterbury, archbishop of, Boniface ; letters to 77-85 ; goes to Rome, 131 ; has a dispute with the Bishop of London, ib, 162, 166; his visitation of Rochester, 162 ; anxious for the assistance of Adam de Marisco, 212, 324 ; his dispute with the chapter of Lincoln, 324 ; favours the friars, 328 ; desires the reform of the church, ib. ; his dispute with the Bishop of Winchester touching St. Thomas's Ilospital, South wark, 337. Canterbury, 7, 11, IG, 38, 114, 119, 138, 493, 579. Canterbury, Prior of, N. 211. See also 226. de Cantuaria Radulphus, his company de- sired by the Earl of Leicester, 225, 297, 298 ; his death, 276. de Canz, G., letter to, 223. de Canzano, Petrus, minister-general, 536. Capellanus, Bartholomseus, master of the Hospital of St. Bartholomew, 499. The Carmelites, 71. de Casali, Williclmus, mini.ster-pfni'ral, 536. de Casan, Johannes, reader at Cambridge, 557. de Castro, Bartholoma;us, built the refee- tory for the M. Friars at London, 5(t8. Causton, Willielmus, Sheriff of London, 506, 512. de Cauxstune, Jer., 243. See Chauste. de Cave, Robertus, reader at Cambridge, 556. de Cervise, see Treviso. de Cesena, Michael, minister-general, 534 ; deposed by John XXII., 559. Ghana, city of, 527. Charles, King of Sicily, 540. de Charlton, Johannes, Knt., a benefactor to the friars, 516. de Chaury, Robert, 240. Chauste, 239. Chertsey, Abbot of, his witty reply to a Dominican friar who importuned him for wood, 36. de Chitterne, Willielmus, reader at Cam- bridge, 557. Chykewell, Richard, Sheriff of London, 500,501. de Cicilia (Sicilia), Rogerus, reader at Cambridge, 557. de Cirencestria, Willielmus, 286. St. Clara, 543. de Clare, Gilbert, Lord of Clare, a benel'actor to the friars, 518. St. Clare, minoresses of, 622. Clement V., 534. Sti. Clementis, card. 530. Clerkynwell; (Margery,) prioress of, 498; (Agnes de Marisse,) 501 ; (Johanna,) 505. ..^e also 504, 512. Clopham, 400. Clotsale, Fr. of England, 529. Cobham, Hen., Sheriff of London, 496. de Cocke, Willielmus, custos of London. 652 INDEX. Coferer, John, goldsmith, 497. Cokaine, John, Knt., a benefactor to the friars, 516. Colchester, John, a benefactor to the Friars Minor, 499. de Colebruge, Radulphus, reader at Oxford, 39, 550. de Colvillc, Willielmus, induces Adam of Oxford to enter the order, 15 ; comes -with Haymo de Faversham into England, 23, 548 ; his sister violated and murdered in Chichester Cathedral, ib. ; holds a chapter at London, 29, 30. de Combe, Johannes, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. Combarnarty n (Combarmartyn? ),"W.She riif of London, 505. de Comite, S., 377. Cone, Fr. Stephanus, 527. Conway, Roger, D.D., Oxford, 22d pro- vincial minister, 538, 561 ; buried at London, ih. Conyngton, Richard, D.D., Oxford, 16th provincial minister, 538, 560 ; reader there, 553 ; and at Cambridge, 556 ; buried at Cambridge, 538, 553. de Corbrug, Radulphus, doctor at Paris reader at Oxford, 542. Cornhill, 9, 10, 13,493. Cornhull, Stephanus, Sheriff of London, 501,502. , Jocius, of London, clerk and friar, 13,495. See Fitzpeter. de Costesey, Henricus, reader at Cam- bridge, 566. Cornubiensis, Richardus, reader in Oxford, afterwards at Paris with great reputation, ib.; sub-dean, 135; (?) during his studies at Oxford receives an order to repair to Paris from the general minister, 330; recommended by Adam de Marisco for assistance in his studies, 349, 359; much beloved for his conversation, piety, and abilities, 365 ; resolves to proceed to Paris to the regret of all, 360, 365, . ; custos at Paris, reader at Tours, Bologna, and Padua, 23 ; appears against the general Ilelias, 24 ; 5th general minister, 533, 550, 558 ; arranges new rubrics to the mass-book, ili. ; 3rd provincial minister, ib. ; 537, 559 ; for one year, 551 ; the Order increases under him, 549 ; W. of Notingham succeeds him, 551. Feltham, Thomas, a benefactor to the friars, 508, 511. Ferdinand, King of Castille, 540. Ferrardus (Fernandus ?), King of Por- tugal, 540. de Feschampe, Eogerus, and Beatrix, his wife, 502. Fingringho, W., reader at Cambridge, 556. Fitz-alyn, WiUielmus, 495. Fitz-Benedict, WiUielmus, 495. Fitz-John, John, Sheriff of London, 490, 497. Fitz -Nicholas, Galfridus, of Norwich, a benefactor to the friars, 498. , Richard, 500. Fitz-Piers, Jocius, a benefactor of the friars, afterwards entered the Order, 17, 495, 497. , Nicolaus, 497. Fitz-Richard, WiUielmus, Mayor of London, 498, 499. Fitz-Roger, Roger, Mayor of London, 497. Fitz-Simon, Simon, 105. Fitz-Walter, Robertus, Lord, 541. Fitz -William, Martinus, Sheriff of London, 495. de Flore ntia, Fr. Aldrobandus, 528. de Florentia, WiUielmus, lay brother of the English mission, 7. de Folenyk (?), WiUielmus, reader at Cambridge, 557. de Foxisley, AValterus, divinity reader at Oxford, 554. S. Franciscus, 5, 19, 26, 35, 37, 44, 51, 58, 63, 529, 532, 558. Fraunces, Simon, 517. Fraunceys, Adam, 517. Frawnces, Adam, Mayor of London, 507. S. Freburgh, 543. Fredericus II., Imperator, 48, 67. Fredericus, King of Sicily, 540. Frensche, Johannes, 519. de Frigiano, Fr. Thomas, cardinal patriarch of Grado, general minister, 532, 535. INDEX. or. de Frowic, or Frowike, Ilenricus, a bene- factor to the friars, 17. , Laurentius, Sheriff' of London, 497. de Fuldune, Itogerus, a letter addressed U> him, 240. de Fulgentio, Fr. Thomas, .527. de Fulham, Adam, citizen of London, .502. de FumOjFr. Vital is, cardinal and Bi.shop of Albano, .5.31. de Fuxo, Fr. Petrus, count Fuxo, card. tit. S. Laurentii in Damasco, 5.31. G. Gabriel, vicar of the minister-general, .377, .378. Gaietanu.s,Fr. Jacobus, de Anagnia, nephew of Boniface VI IL, 3.31. le Gales, Ilenricu-S, 504. See Wallis. de Garderol>a, Johannes, 504. de Garlaundia, Johannes, author of Ue Minisfterius Ecclenia, praises Alexander ab Hales, 542. Grarston, Adam, and Emma his wife, 490. Garton, Hugo, sheriff of London, 506. , ilattha-us, KnL, 542. de S. Georgio, ilartinos, minister-general, .536. Georgius, custos of London, 514. Gerardas, Fr. carfiinal tit. XII. Apostolo- nim, 5-30 : bishop of Saluzzo (?) ib. de Gememuta, 547. Geneyse, ilatilda, wife of John Leche- feld, 500. Geynysborough, Willielmus, of Oxford, provincial minister, afterwards bishop of "Worcester, 537 ; rea/ler at Oxford, 553; and at Rome, 500. Gien, S., 232, 251. de GifFone, Fr. Leonardos, cardinal, 5-32 ; general minister, 335. Gilbertus, fr., custos of I^ondon, 27. Gille, Alanus, citizen of Ijniidnu, .509. Gloucester, chapter of the Alinoriu-s held there, 242. Gloucester, Gilljert de Clare, Karl of, ',\l ; Margaret, Countess of, iO. Gloucestre (Gloucester), Kichard, and Margaret his wife, 518. Gloucestre, Ilichardus, Sheriff of Ixjndon, 503. Gobion, Ilichardu.s, Knt., ent<;rs the Ord.r, 16. Gfxidard, Willielmus, of Oxford, provincial minister, 539. G'xlstow nunner}', 99, 107, 108, 1 17, ]u-2. Goldcome, Johannes, 622. de Gorgia, Fr. Demetrius, 527. de Gorst, Walterus, citizen of London, 516. Goydon, 598, Gracianus, Raynaldas, minister-general, 536. le Gracius, Johannes, lecturer in Oxford, declines the invitation of Gn^stete, 113. de Grafton, Edmundus, divinity reader in Oxford, 554. Grostete, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, the first reader U) the Minorites in Oxford, 37, 549 ; his praise of a student there, 39 ; his intimacy with Peter of Tewks- bury, 64 ; refuses Uj induct thf»se pre- sented him by cardinals and others, i6. ; his witty saying, if/., nq.; letter to him on behalf of John Schersted, 92 ; of PeU-r de Kyllom, 93 ; intends, on the dismissal of Parliament, to yisit the North, 95 ; displeased with the vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford, 100 ; a feud between the bishop's men and the H of Corn- wall's, 105 ; his advice required by the Earl and Countess of Leicester, 107, 1 30; his work De Principatu, &c. 110; tutor to the Earl of Leicester's s^jns, iL; 163, 206, 269 ; has a JLS. of Arist^Jtle's Ethics transcribed, 114 ; propcAes v> atu-nd at Oxford on the occasion of Robert de ilarisco taking bis degree, 132 ; send» 1-3«. to the poor scholars at Oxford, 135 ; CoCj INDEX. recommended two physicians, 113, 136 ; has two relatives at Oxford, 137 ; his sister Juetta, 95, 164: resists the nomi- nations of the King and the Pope, 139 : dispute between him and his canons, 146, 148 ; goes abroad, 1j6 ; retains the Countess of Leicester's cook, 170: pavs 23s. for the expenses of the Minorites in their chapter at Gloucester, 242 ; ^rrites to the Earl of Leicester, 262 ; is with the Earl, 277 ; at Lyons, 376 ; orders for his household, 582 : his letter from France, 627. 5eealso 90, 211,219, 225,240,248, 254, 401, 403, 466. 487. Gravesend, Richard of, 224. See 185. Sti. Gregorii Moralia, 378. Gregorins frater, minister of France, 6, 380. Gregory IX., 547, 54S, 549. de Grenton, Rannlphus, reader at Cam- bridge, 556. de Grey, Richard, Lord, introduces the Carmelites into England, 71. Grey, Gilbertus. and Christina his wife, 502. de Gruncestre, Peter, 496. Grymmesby, 549. de Grymeston, Ric, reader at Cambridge, 556. Guernsey, eruption there, 151. Gvffard. "WaUerus, 258. H. IL. 256. 11., guardian of London, 9. de Haldeswell, Peter, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. Hales, church of, lOS. ab Hales, Alexander, the Schoolman, his eulogy, 542 ; his death, 627. de Hales, Thomas, a friar, 395. de Halione, Ric, reader at Cambridge, 557. de Halvn!ieber. Adam, 512. Hambury, RIehardus, 377. de Hampton, Willielmns, desires admission into the Hospital of St. John of Jeru- salem. 289. Hardell, Sheriff of London, 497. de Harlestone, "Willielmns, reader at Cam- bridge, 557. Harundel, see Amndel. de Haswell. Warinus, author of an exposi tion on the Nativity of the Virgin, of which Adam de Marisco obtains a copy, 407. de Hautboys, Umfridus, reader at Cam- bridge, 555. Hawteyne, Robert, 518. Haymo of Farersham, minister-general, enlarges the buildings of the friars, 34 ; goes to Rome to oppose Helias, 45 ; pro ceedings on that occasion. Ao.sq.; created provincial minister. 47, 53, 58 ; general, 48, 59 ; his death, 49 ; his sayings, 50, very zealous for poverty. 60. de la Haye, Johannes, an adherent to the Earl of Leicester, 268, 293. de Hedele, "SVillielmus, 360 ; reader at Oxford, 550, 552, de Hekeshovrc, Adam, a physician (?), 137. See Bechesoueres. Helias, minister-general, had been reader at Bologna, 44 : causes great scandals in the Order, 23, 39 ; is opposed by Hymo, ib., 24 ; sends a visitor into England, 29 ; appealed against, 33, 58 ; and deposed, 44 ; divides the English province, 31, 33 ; proposals for his reconciliation, 32 ; commands the friars to wash their own drawers, 33 ; sends for. two English friars to read at Lyons, 38, 549 ; cre- ated eeneral a second time, 44, 558; account of his second deposition, 45; refuses obedience to his successor, 47; a mission sent to him from England, 53 ; destroys the English seal, 54. , a novice, 18. Helmebrigge, 595. de Hely, Adam, reader at Cambridge, 557. de Hely land, [Holyiand?] Petros, a bene- factor to the friars, 509. See Oliland. INDEX. C57 (le Ilemingc-berga, TV., one of Grostete's clerks, 255. Ileniy TIL, King of England, 18, 3G, 115, 122, 139, 157, 1G3, 169, 275, 281, 297, 414, 476, 547. Henry, King of Cyprus, 539. Henry, goldsmith, of St. Edmund's Bury, 620. Herberd, Willielmus, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. de Hereford, A., 314. Hereford (Peter de Egeblanke), bishop of, 334. Herford, Nichol, 598, 600, 601. Herford, William, Sheriff of London, 502. de Hertylpole, Hugh, minister of the Friars Minor, 514, 560 ; doctor at Ox- ford, 537 ; buried at Assisi, ih., 552. Hestyngspetyll, 512. Heyroun, Galfridus, reader of Cambridge, 556. de Hispania, Fr. Paschasius, 527. , Vitus, 528. Hispanus, Gundisalvus, minister-general, 534. , Petrus, guardian at Northampton, 10, 26 ; his asceticism, ib. -, Thomas, guardian of Cambridge, 10, 16, 547. Hodiham, church of, 262. See Odingham. Holeburne, 510. Holkote, Fr. .Johannes, of England, 529. Holywell, Juliana, prioress of, 498 ; Christina de Kent, prioress, 500. de Horley, Johannes, divinity reader at Oxford, 553. de Hornigdune, Juliana, 239. de la Hose, Willielmus, 298. Hospitale Sacerdotum, at Canterbury, 7, 16. Hostiensis, Cardinal, afterwards Alex- ander IV., 66, 377, 519, 565. de Howden, Adam, divinity reader in Oxford, 553 ; in Cambridge, 556. de Howden, Johannes, divinity reader in Oxford, 554. Uoweli, John, 562. Hugo, 314. Hugonis, Fr. 527. de Hukelbi, Radulfus, 397. Humfridus, Fr. anecdote respecting him, 40, 550. de Hundesditch, Galfridus, 622. de Ilungaria, Fr. Andreas, 528. de Hussebourne, Symon, reader at Cam- bridge, 556. de Ilychintone, Henricus, reader at Can;- bridge, 557. Hylton, Robert, Lord, 541. de Hyndringhani, Thomas, reader at Cam- bridge, 556. de Indewurde, Ingeworthe or Inteworthe, Richardus, one of the first friars of the English mission, 5, 493 ; arrives at London, 7 ; at Oxford, 9, 547 ; vicar to Angnellus, 10 ; custos of Cambridge, 27. Ingram, Roger, or Nigram, 542. Fr. Iheronianus, 528. Innocentius IV. 32, 36, 61, 62, G6, 550, 551. de Insula, Johannes, 543. de Insula, Robertus (Lord Lisle), 541. Isabella, Queen of Edward III., 506,515, 541. J, provincial minister, with Bonaventure, 305, 307, 343. See Stanford. Jncobus, King of Aragon, 540. Jacobus Clericus, 91. Jacobus, Fr. custos Tcrrne Sancta;, 528. deJenua, AVill.(?), 157. Joachim, abbot; Adam de Marisco sends his Exposition to Bishop Grostete, 146. Johannes, 200, 627. Joannes, 99. Svc S. A-aiha. T T 658 INDEX. Joannes, Anglicus, papal nuncio, 222, 330; a letter addressed to him, 385. Joannes, King of Armenia, 539, 540. Joannes Praspositus of Bugden, 253. Joannes Cleric us, one of tlie first converts, 13. Johannes, Emperor of Constantinople, 539. Johannes, visitor of the Dominicans, 36. Johannes, guardian of Hereford, 391. Johannes, King of Jerusalem, 539. Johannes, custos of Oxford. See Stanford. Joannes, a friar at Sanmi, 68. Johannes, Emperor of Tartary, 539. Joannes Theologus, 71. John xxii. 531, 535. Jordanus, master of the Dominicans, 11 ; a saying of his, 1 9 ; his advice to friar Hay mo, 22. , a friar sent from Germany to the English minister for education, 314. Joyner, Willielmus, builds a chapel for the friars at London, 17, 29, 508. Juetta, sister to bishop Grostete, a recluse, 95, 1G4. Juliana, a wido^v, 398. K. de Karru, 239. Kellaw, Johannes, reader at Cambridge, 557.- Kellawe, Richardus, reader at Cambridge, 557. Kemesyng, the church of, 40G. do Kemesing, Joannes, a friar, friend to Adam de Marisco, 334. Ketthene, Johannes (Kechene Zt/.), guar- dian of London, 32, 549 ; minister of Scot- land, afterwards of Ireland, 47 ; in a commission for confirming the election of William of Notingham, 71. Kingesthorp (Intevrorthe?) Richardus, 547. de KnoUe, Walter, divinity reader in Oxford, 552 ; and at Cambridge, 556. Knotte, Richard, provides the expenses for the infirmary of the Grey Friars, London, 511. de Kyllum, P. vicar of St. Mary's the Virgin, Oxford. 93, 258 ; letter to him on his promotion, 226. de KjTnberley, Johannes, reader at Cam- bridge, 556. Kyngesbury, Thomas (John ?), provincial minister, 538, 561. de Kyrkeby, Roger, 404. — — , Richard, of the convent of Stanford, 404. Lamborne, Reginald, a Benedictine of jMerton College, afterwards a friar, dies at Northampton, 543. , Robertus, confessor to Queen Isabella, 541. Lanfranc, Archbishop, anecdote of, 43. de Langeford, Rogerus, 237, 238. de Larder or de Larde, Abraham, to be sent on a mission to Taitaiy, 377. de Latour, Hugo, 498. Launde, Robertus, and Christina his wife, benefactors to the friars, 516. Laurentius, Prater, 374, 395. Leconvers, Nicholaus, goldsmith, 501. Lectun, prebend of, 133. Leicester (Simon de Montfort), Earl of, proposes to return into Gascony and place his children under Grostete, 110 ; approves of Grostete's proposal, 111; desires Grostete's company, 225 ; letters to him, 261, sq.; account of the accusa- tions preferred against him by the people of Gascony, 122 ; has a dispute with the Earl of Thoulouse, 38 ; his followers, 104, 107. See also 86, 134, 368, 395. — , Countess of, letters to, 292, sq,; confined, 262, 293 ; rebuked for excesses in dress, 295 ; advice on her behaviour to her husband, 298 ; her friendship for Adam de Marisco, 300 ; and for Grostete 170. INDEX. C59 Leicester, Henry, son of Simon de Montfort, Earl of, under the tuition of Grostete, 110, 16.3. Leicester, archdeacon of, Solomon, a letter to, on behalf of the nunnery of Belton, 197, 403. Leke, Richardus, of Oxford, provincial minister, 539, 561. de Len, Eustacius, official to the Archbishop of Canterbury, 114, 119, 135 ; a letter to him, 221,247; commended for resisting improper promotions, 394. Leo, Prater, companion of St. Francis, 51. Leo, Frater, Archbishop of IMilan, sent to Gregory ES. for exposition of the Rule, 45,219. de Lereringfot, J., reader at Cambridge, 555. de Leschelade, Willielmus, recommended to Grostete, 92, de Leukenor, Hugo, requests a competent provision as lecturer, 357. de Leycestria, Robertus, divinity reader in Oxford, 554. de Leycestiia, Will., custos of Worcester, 27 ; reader at Hereford, 38, 549. de Leyre, Willielmus, Sheriff of London, 502. de Lexinton, Andreas, his mission to Ire- land, 319, 369, 378, 395; a letter to Mm, 405. de Lexinton, Oliver, recommended to Gros- ' tete, 97. , Johannes, Justice of Novel Dissei- I sin, letter to, 285. Ide Lichegreynes, Johannes, 619. de Linpenho, J. reader at Cambridge,, 556, Lincoln, schools of, 174. ie Lincolnia, Adam, of Oxford, provincial minister 537, 560 ; reader in Oxford, 553 ; buried at Lincoln, ib. , Willielmus, mareschallus to Gros- tite, 137. le Lilleford, W., reader at Cambridge, 566. Livvrone (Lithrone, Leathern) Lane, 510. Lok-wcll, 510, Lombardus quidam, 10. London, Bishop of (Fulco Basset) his dis- pute with the archbishop, 131, 161, 166 ; letter to him, 181, 342 ; (Roger Niger), 41. London, the friars of, 9, 17, 493, sq. de Londino, G., 333. , J., letter in his behalf, 249. de Londonia, PhiKppus, a priest, aftei"wards a friar, 14, 495 ; warden of Bruges, ib., 320, 547. de Londonia, Willielmus, one of the first converts, 13. Long, John, Salter, Sheriff of London, 526. de Longeton, Philippus, 21. Longeton, Simon, archdeacon of Canter- burj', 16. Lorbart, Alexander, 498. LovekjTi, Johannes, a benefactor to the friars, 517. Lovelyn (Lovekyn ?) Robertus, a bene- factor to the friars, 515. Lovoney, Willielmus, Knt., a benefactor to the friars, 517. Ludovicus VHL (IX.?), King of France, 543. Ludovicus, King of Naples, 540. Ludovicus, son of Charles, King of Sicily, 540. St. Ludovicus, son of Charles of Sicily, 529. Fr. de Lumbardia, Gandulphus, 530. Luvel, Philip, baron of the Exchequer, 476. de Lychfeldia, W., baron of the Exchequer, 476. Lyle, Robert, Lord, 515. ^e de Insula, de Lyndesey, Johannes, 505. de Lyndun, Hugo, 360, 364. de Lyra, Johannes, a hundred marks paid for his Commentaries, 519. T T 2 oro INDEX. M. M., 307. ]\Ialberthorpe (IMaWethorpe), ■wavden of the Grey Friars, London, 521. da Madele, or Maddeley, anecdote of, 28, 53 ; requests in his behalf, 308, 353. S. Magdalena, 543. Majorca, King of, 540. Jlalevile, Richardus, divinity reader in Oxford, 554. de Slanneby. Robert, master of the Hos- pitallers, 289. de Manners, Peter, 348. Mansel, John, provost of Beverley, letter to, 242, 258 ; his claim to the prebend of Thame disputed, 18G. Mansuetus, Fr., 66, 67, Marchal, Edmundus, reader at Cambridge, 556. Marchia, 530. de Marchia, Fr. Lucius, 529. , Fr. Feregrinus, 529. Mardesley, or Mardiston, Johannes, pro- vincial minister, 358, 561. Margaret, daughter of Henry IH., mar- riage to the King of Scots, 1 07. — , Queen of England, her bene- factions to the friars, 503, 504, 513. , aunt of Queen Isabella, 515. , a nun, 122. Maria, daughter of the king of Hungary, 540. de Marisco, Adam, at Oxford, 542 ; becomes a friar, 15 ; at Worcester 16, 548 ; reader at Oxford, 38, 549 ; in a commission to consider the rule, 48 ; anecdote narrated by, 60 ; in a commission to confirm the election of Peter of Tewksbury, 7 1 ; present at the charge against de Mont- fort, 122 ; with Grostete at Lyons, 376, 627 ; in a commission to report upon the dispute between the bishop and prior of Winchester, 609; suffers from weakness in the eyes, 348 ; account of his death, Pref. p. 1 Marisco, Adam, a prisoner in York Castle for robbery, 613. , Robert, archdeacon of O.xford, 132 ; his inception in theology, tl>., 135 ; nominated in a commission to settle the dispute between the archbishop and the chapter of .Lincoln, 324, -See also 99, 137, 159, 250. , ' Thomas, requests from bis relative Adam on his behalf, 95, 223, 242, 243, 399. , [?] Willielmus, Laihff of Bugden, 252, de Marnio, N., 378. Marochio, 528. de Marochio, Fr, Monaldus, 528. , Nicholaus, 527. St. Martin le Grand, London, 505, 500. Martin, Avarden of Oxford, 317, 364. Martinus, of Shrewsbury, 8. Maserej', William, Sheriff of London, 500, 501. de Massa, Antonius, bishop of Massa, minister-general, 536. Matthew, prior of the Dominicans, 348. Matthew, rector of St. Cosmas and Damian, London, 512. de IMaydenstan, Thomas, a novice, 357. de Maydenstone, Radulphus, bishop of Hereford, becomes a friar, 58, 542. de Mediolano, Fr. Antonius, 528. Melioratus or Monachatus, a lay brother, 7, 493. Melton, Willielmus, dean of St. Martin's, 506. Menevia (St. David's), dispute between tlie bishop of, and the King, 335, 342, de Merc, Egidius, 16. , Eustacius, warden of Oxford, 31, 43 ; compelled to eat fish. 58 ; warden' at York, 61, 551. le Mercer, Robert, 17. i INDEX. fiCl Merewortli, Simon, Sheriff of London, 500. ilerston or Marston, Ivogcrus, provincial minister, 537, .060 ; reader at Oxfoid, 552, at Cambridge, 555. de Merton, Walter, ^05. Mertone, 599. Middiltun, Willielmus, 133. de Milton, W. reader at Cambridge, 555. Misericorde fr. -warden of Lincoln, 10. de Mistretune, Hugo, of Oxford, 347. Moliani locus, 530. Monaclius E[adulphus] dictus, 110, 158, 333 ; letter to him, 402. Monaldus, Fr. 528. Monk, Amulphus, 497 ; Johannes, his son, ib. de Monte Caniso, Dionysia, 503. , Willielmus, 503. de Monte Floris, Fr. Gentilis, cardinal tit. S. Martini in Montibus, 531. de Montefort, Peter, a ftiithful adherent to the Earl of Leicester, 123. de Monte Ilermetis, Margareta, 516. de Monte Pvdiciano, Fr. Johannes, 528. de Mordon, Simon, and Constantia his wife, 517. , Walterus, and Christina his wife, 517. de la More, Thomas, 622. de Mortuo Mari, Hugo, official to the Archbishop of Canterbury, 260, 298 ; chief adviser to the Bishop of Hereford, 334. de Mosonica, Jacobus, minister-general, 536. Muchcheth, John, 510. le jMuliner, Eichard, 17. MuUiner, Reginald, 502. de Multon, lladulphus, a poor scholar at Oxford, 388. de Munchensey, Warin Baron of, cited to appear before Grostete for ill-treating his wife, 112 ; accused unjustly, ib. de Muro, Fr. Johannes, cardinal of S. lluf- fina, 532 ; minister-general, 534, 538. de Mutina, Girardus, 45. Mylisand, a poor woman of Reading, 260. N., 94, 226, 30-!. See Sandwich, de Nabiuarius, Fr. Helias, cardinal. 531. de Narbona, Fr. Petrns, 527. Natatius, 23, 648. Naverius, Johannes, 29. de Neapoli, Gregorius, minister of France, 23, 380?. de Necketon, Nicholas, of St. Edmund's Bury, 620, Newham, W., prior of, 138, 220. St. Nicholas, in the Shambles, 494, sq. Nicholas IV. (Petrus de CarnariaJ, elected to the empire, 531. Nicholas IV. ( Jeronymus de Esculo), pope, bishop of Palestrina, 532, 533, 558, 567, 570. Nicholaus, Fr., learnt his letters in Eng- land, 61 ; afterwards bishop of Assisi. ib., 551. Norfolk (^Margaret Segrave), Countess of. 518. de Norhampton, .lohaunes. Sheriff of London, 498, 499. de Normaneville, Eustaeius, reader at Oxford, 39, 550 ; and at Cambridge, 555 ; a man of rank in the university before he entered the Order, 41 ; chancellor of Oxford, ib., 543 ; refuses an invitation to lecture at Norwich, 319. Nornianniis, Richardus, his saying, II, 495. Northampton, 10, 18, 26. de Northawe, Johannes, 500, 501 ; gold- smith of London, 502 ; Alicia, his wife, ib. de Northun, Robert, 243. Norwich (^VilI. de Suthfeld), bishop of, 389, 337? de Norwich, Edmond, 507. , Geoffrey, 498. Notingham, 547. 662 INDEX. de Notingliani, Willielmus, provincial mi- nister, 9, 32, 537 ; chosen unanimously, 303 ; congratulated thereupon, by A. de Marisco, 373 ; deposed at the chapter at Metz, 33, 70, 38 ; defends his order against the encroachments of the Domi- nicans, 56 ; vicar to Haymo, whom he succeeds, 59, 551 ; his anecdotes of bishop Grostete, 69 ; allows the friars to contract debts, 71 ; letters to him, 373, sq. died at Genoa, 537 ; at Marseilles, according to others, 559. See also, G, 50, 62, , William, author of a postilla, provincial minister, died at Leycester, 538, 553, 560. -, Augustinus, brother of the first "William of Notingham, 551. o. de Ocham, N., divinity reader at Oxford, 552. Octo, Frater, 526. Odingham, 152, 252. See Hodiham. Odonis, Geraldus, patriarch of Antioch, minister-general, 535, 559. Odoricus, Fr. his Itinerary, 527. de Offinton, J., letters to, 233, 236, 238. de Oliland, Peter, a benefactor to the friars, 17. See Helyland. S. Ortulana, 543. Oseney, abbot of (Adam de Beruers), 85. See J. de Eedingia. Oterborne, Thomas, divinity reader in Oxford, 554. Otho, Cardinalis, 29. Oxford, 9, 10, 17, 25, 28, 30, 31, 34, 35, 38, 39. 40, 41, 43, 50, 52, 53, 55, 60, 61, 68, 69, 93, 99, 105, 107, 110, 113, 115, 117, 118, 119, 135, 152, 248,256,257,259, 281,292,317,320, 327, 3.30, .331, 338, 342, 346, 363, 364, 387, sq. 549, 552. , archdeacon of, 110. See Johannes de S. Egidio. Adam of Oxford, 15. P. 256. P., minister of Cologne, 308, 313. See Tewksbury. de Padua, Fr. Jacobus, 527. Parens, Johannes, of Florence, minister of Spain, succeeds Helias as general minister, 5, 44 ; a strict disciplinarian, ib. ; deposed at the chapter held at Reate, 45 ; held the office six years, 533, 558. de Pareto, Antonius, minister-general 636. Parliament, 95, 105. de Parma, Johannes, succeeds Crescentius as general minister, 4 9, 558 ; his admira- tion of the English friars, 68 ; travels in Greece, 156 ; letter addressed to him, 302. Sec also 51, 550. Pastoreaux, the rebellion of, 109, 121. de Patesille, Richardus, 176. Pathy, Philip, 246. de Parys, Simon, Sheriff of London, 504, 626. Parys, Simon, and llosa his wife, 517. , Willielmus, and Matilda his wife, 516. Paulinus, Fr. 308. de S. Paulo, Maria, Countess of Pembroke, 514, 517. Peche, Johannes, Sheriff of London, 507. Peckham, Gilbertus, reader at Cambridge, 557. de Peccham or Pescham, Johannes, enters the Order, 256 ; reader at Paris and at Oxford, 537, 550 ; afterwards archbishop of Canterbury 552 ; provincial minister, 560. de Pelham, Christina, 500. Pelham, Gervasius, 503, 504. Pembroke, William, Earl of, 52. de Pennis, Jacobus, reader at Cambridge, 557. Pers, 600. Persevalle, Johannes, of Oxford, provincial minister, 539. Persia, 528. INDEX. fi()3 cle Persora, J., reader at Oxford, 552. de Peruso, Angelas, minister-general, 53G. I'etrus, Frater, 526. Petrus, Fr., related to Sixtus IV., cardinal S. Sixtus, 531. Petrus, infans, 541. , infans Fortugalitc, 527. • , King of Portugal, 540. Peter, bishop in Scotland, 37, 549. Petrus. See Tewksliury. Philip, a priest, 13. , son of the King of Hungary, 540. Philippa, queen of Edward III., 515. Pictavensis, Willielmus, reader at Cam- bridge, 40, 550, 555. Pigaz, Eadulphus, reader at Cambridge, 566. de Pinde, Richardus, of Shrewsbury, a benefactor to the friars, 18. Placentinus, Fr. Vicedomus, cardinal and bishop of Pale str in a, 531. de Plumptona, Nicholaus, baron of the Exchequer, 476. Poictiers, Waltei', bishop of, 529. de Pokelingtun, Willielmus, 103, 118 ; secretary to Adam de Marisco, 133, 137; letter to, 229. de Pole, Hawesia, wife of John Charlton, 516. Pollicii terra, 530. de Pontefracto, Thomas, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. de Ponteserra, Petrus, an adherent to the Earl of Leicester, 87, 261. le Potter, Alexander, 503, , Kenricus, 503. , John, 517. -, Walter, alderman of London, 508. Pount (Pourt), Hugo, Sheriff of London, 504, 626 . de Prato, Acholotus, minister-general, 534, 558. de Preston, Johannes, divinity reader in Oxford, 554 de Provincia, fr. Johannes. 553 ; dedicated a treatise to Koger Bacon, ih. de Provincia, Fr. Petiiis, 52S. de rrovincia, It. JJayiuundiis, 527. Provincialis Fr. Pastor, cardinal lit. SS. Petri et Marcellini, 5.30. Provincialis, Ixayniundus, niiuLstcr-guneral. 534. Pycard, Kicardus, Sheriff of London, 498, 499. Pycd Friars, 600. I'yncliyn, Nicholas, 525. E. 312. R. See Monachus. E, warden of Cambridge, letter to, 390. Rabanus de Natura licntm, 378. de Raddewelle, rector of, Bartholoma;us, 232, 251. de Radenore, AV. rector of Clopham, after- wards bishop of Llandaff, 399. de Radingia, Johannes, abbot of Osenej', enters the Order, 16, 320, 542, 528. , Johannes, rector of Oxford, 554. Radnor, Thomas, of Oxford, provincial minister, 538, 569. Ratford, Thomas, divinity reader in Ox- ford, 554. de Ratforde, Johannes, divinity reader in Oxford, 554. de Ravcnigham, Walter, his commendation, 392 ; reader at Cambridge, 555. Reading, 390, 406. Reatinum, capitulum, 45. de Redclive. Robertus. divinity reader in Oxford, 554. de Reffham, Johannes, 507. Reginaldus, protector of the Order, 40. de Reginone, Fr. Benedictus, 527. Reiverius (Lord Rivers?), 377. de Remis,Radulphus, 53; sent by Gregoi-y IX. into Greece, 23, 49 ; died at Salis- bury, 51. 664 INDEX. Keuger, liichiirdiis, Mayor of London, 494, 496. liepyndone, Philippus, 600, 601. d-j Keresby, Hcnricus, vicar of the warden of Oxford, 25 ; minister of Scotland, ib.., 32, 549. de Reygate, Walterus, his saying, 52. Richardus, frattr, struck by the plague at Genoa, 70. Pr. Richaruus, 528. Richmond, Johannes de Brytania, Earl of, a special friend to the friars, 513, 514, 518. de Ridevans, Johannes, divinity render in Oxford, 554. de Rippes, Barth., reader at Cambridge, 557. Robertus, King of Sicily, 540. , King of Naples, 540. de Rockysley, Ranulphus, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. de Rodano, Alanus, reader at Oxford, 552. Rodston, John, ]\Iayor of London, 550. llodyngton, Johannes, of Oxford, provin- cial minister, 538, 500. Roger, seneschal of Bishop Grostete, 105, 403. Rokysley, Gregory, Mayor of London, 500, 501 ; a benefactor to the friars, 508. . , Robert, Sheriff of London, 501, 502. Romayne, Thomas, Sheriff of London, 502, 518. Romehale, 6. Rondel, Thomas, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. Roos, Robertus, 503. S. Rosa, 543. deRosa, Radulphus, a favourite preacher with Henry III., 24, 549. Roskild, Jacobus Erlandi, bishop of, 87. de Rostun, Robertus, the archbishop wishes his assistance, 328. Rouen, Odo II., archbishop of, a letter to, 86, 87. 'le Roy, [Willielmus], 16. de Royston, Rob., reader at Cambridge, 555. de Rudinton, Johannes, divinity reader in Oxford, 554. See Rodyngton. Ruffinus frater, an early disciple of St. Francis, 51. Rul'us, Richardus, of Cornwall, a friar, celebrated at Oxford and at Paris, 16, 548 ; goes to France with Haymo and opposes Ilelias, 549, 550. , Nicholaus (Richardus ?), 24. de Rupellis, J., 628. de Rusconibus, Antonius, minister-general, 536. Rusinol, Girardus, pcenitentiary of the Pope, 45. Russel, Johannes, reader at Cambridge, 554, 557. Russell, Petrus, Avarden of the friars, 520; provincial minister, 538, 561. s. Salamon, warden of London, his self- denial, and many afflictions, 8, 10, 11 ; celebrated as a confessor, 41, Salomon, archdeacon of Leicester. Sec Leicester. Sanctius, King of Castille, 540. deSandwyg or Sandwich, Henricus, 16. , Simon, enters the Order, 22. Sandwich, Nicholas, prior of Canterbury, 400, 403. ' -, Radulphus, Mayor of London, 501, 502, 503. de Sanson, Franciscus, minister general, 536. Sanxia, 540. Saracenus, Petrus, 613. de Sarsuelis, Jacobus, minister-general, 536. Sarum, 8, 27, 547. de Sarum, Galfridus, a friar at Lynn, cele- brated for his austerities, 4^ INDEX. 66^ Sarum, vicar of the chancellor of, 2G2. Saruui (William of York?), bishop of, 117, 371. de Savona de liuere, Fr, Frauciscus, car- dinal S. Petri ad Vincula, afterwards Sixtus IV., .532. de Savonia, Franciscus, minister-general, 536. Savoy, Peter, Earl of, favours de Mont- fort, 123,152, 231. de Saxlinghani, Symon, reader at Cam- bridge, 556. Saxony, King of, 540. Scardeburga, dispute with the friars and Cistercians there, 400," 642. Scharshille, Willielmus, justiciarius of Ed- ward III., becomes a friar, 541. de Schersted, Johannes, rector ofPockling- ton [?], 92, 135, 147. de Schyrbourne, Willielmus, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. de Sciphio, Fr. lluphinus, 529. Sebes, 528. de Sedenefeld, Gariuus, 52. Selfordia, 547. de Seleby, Nicholas, 619. de Senis, Angelus, minister-general, 536. de Senis, Fr. Petrus, 527. de Senone, Fr. Stephauus, 527. Serlo, dean of Oxford, his advice to the minister not to eat out of his convent, 53. Sewalus, archbisliop of York, a letter ad- dressed to him on his appointment, 438, sq. de Shepeye, Eadulphus, 626. Simeon, Henricus, 616. de Simplingham, or Sempringham, Ka- dulphus, vice-chancellor of Oxford, of- fends Grostetc for using the seal of the university, 1 00 ; letter to, on the distur- bances there, 248. de Siso, Fr. Helias, cardinal, 531. Sixtus IV., 532. de Siaptun, Robertus, an acquaintance of Eccleston, 35. Slopisbyria, 8. •ie Sloler, Ric, reader at Cambridge, 556. Smythfelde, St. Barlholomew's, 506. Sorel, I'ldnuindus, divinity reader in Ox- ford, 554. Souehe, Johannes, provincial i;iiuister, bi- shop of London (Landaff ?), 538, 561. (le Southampton, Walterus, divinitv reader in Oxford, 554. Southwark, hospital of, 337. , prior and canons of St. Mary's, 504, 512. de Southwerke, Ric, reader at Cambridge, 555. le Spencer, Alianora, sister of Gilbert Karl of Gloucester, 514. le De Spensyr, Galfridus, intimate with Peter of Tewkslmry, 08, 174; presents to the living of Soleby, ih., 254, 284. , Johannes, his son, 68. Sporon, John, 510. Spot, Galfridus, mayor of St. IvJmund's Bury, 620; Stafford, 623. Stamford, chapter at, 7 1 ; convent there, 404, Stainton, Willielmus, reader at Cambridge, 557. de Stalam, Earth., reader at Cambridge, 555. de Sandun, Williflnms, 244. Standych, Henricus, provincial minister afterwards bishop of St. A.saph's, 539. Stanes, Thomas, sheriff of London, 502. de Stanford, Johannes, 43, 254, 358, 378; in a commission to confirm the elec- tion of Peter of Tewksbury, 71; visits Grostete, 135 ; sent to Will, of Noting- ham, 309 ; consulted by tiie friars of Ireland, 319 ; the Pope ])roposes to send him to Tartary, 377 ; eustos of Oxford, 338, 387 ; letters to, ib. sq., 343, 346, sec J.; provincial minister, 512, 537; pro- cures an endowment for St. Owen's, London, ib.; buried at Lynne, 537, 560. , Peter, warden of the hospital, Lut- terworth, 524. Stanibrth, G., divinity reader in Oxford, 554. Stanmor, Radulphus, 496. 497. Stanwey, Oliverus, chancellor of Cam- bridge, 542. 666 INDEX. Stapilton, Johannes, 542. Stephanas, founder of the Order of Gram- mont, 59 ; anecdote of, iO. , [Langton], archbishop, 1 1. , a novice, 26. , Avarden of Salisbury, 27. , Fr., inquisitor of heresy in Tbou- louse, 528. de Stokes, Johannes, a letter to, 250. de Stokes, Reginaldus, a physician, 113; recommended to Grostete, ib., 152. Stokis, 600. de Stokton, Johannes, canon of Hunting- don, 104. de Storteforde, Thomas, a benefactor to the friars, 500. de Stowe, Walterus, reader at Cambridge, 557. Studley, Johannes, Sheriff of London, 507. Stynkyvg Lane, 495, sq. Sumercote, Robertas, cardinal, 46 ; Somer- ton, according to Leland, 550. de Sutthon, Laurentius, a friar, 315. Sutton, Henricus, warden of the friars, in London, 513, 510, 518.. de Sutton, Petrus, divinity reader iu Ox- ford, 553. Swenfeld, or Swynesfled, Petrus, provincial minister, 537,- buried at Leicester, 560. St. Swithin's, Winchester, prior of, his dis- pute with the bishop of Winchester, 95,- commission to decide it, 609. , treasurer (Jiordarius) of, letter to, 220. de Syreford, II., a friar, assisting the bishop of Salisbury, 371. Sysors, John, Mayor of London, 506. T. le Talor, Philippus, a benefactor to the friars, 501. , Willielmus, tailor of Henry III., 509. Tarlari, 528. de Taunston, Willielnuis, 517. de Taunton, Willielmus, 609, 611. de Tedemar, Arnaldus, benefactor to the friars, 514. de Temple, Richardus, reader at Cambridge, 556. de Tewksburia, Petrus, 5th minister-gene- ral, 10; custos of Oxford, 28, 48, 378; provincial minister, 40, 51, 537 ; his election, 71 ; warden of London, 52; vicar to AgneUus, 53, 54 ; obtains from Innocent IV, privileges against the Dominicans, 56, 377, 550 ; minister of Germany, 63, 537 ; intimate with Gros- tete, 65 ; with Lord de Spencer, 68 ; buried at Bedford, 537, 559. See also 90, 103. Thames, an island in, near Oxford, 616. de Tholcntino, Fr. Thomas, de Merchia, 527. de Tholeslund, domina, 327. Tholosanus, Johannes, Sheriff of London, 497 ; Mayor of London, 498. Thomas, 396. de Thornton, Joannes, divinity reader in Oxford, 553. Thoulouse, Count of, his dispute with Simon de Montfort, 381. de Todio, Fr. Jacobus, 529. de Toftis, R., reader at Oxford, 552. de Tornham, Robertas, warden of Lynn, 551 ; and custos of Cambridge, proceeds to the Holy Land, 62, 313; letter to him, 321 ; Adam de Marisco entreats that a vicar may be appointed for him, 343. Tomtun, abbot and convent of, 150. de Tracy, Eva, requests that she may be an inmate of the nunnery of Gadstow, 99. Travers, Johannes, Sheriff of London, 494 ; lets the friars a house on Cornhili, 10, 493. de Treviso, Henricus, a lay brother of the Order, 7, 493., INDEX. nn7 de Triliek, Ric, reader at Cambridge, 550. Trinity, prior of the Holy, London, 504. de Tryple, Johannes, benefactor to the friars, 509, 516; Alianora, his wife, ih. de Tuderto, Tr. Bentinegia, cardinal and bishop of Alba, 530. de Tiidington, Galfridus, reader at Cam- bridge, 555. Tunderley, Eeginald, Slieriff of London, 505. Tunstede, or Donestede, Simon, of Oxford, provincial minister, 538, 5GL de Turre, Hugo, and Theophania his wife, benefactors to the friars, 498. de Turribus, Bartrandus, cardinal and bishop of Tusculum, author of the Sermonea de Sanctis, 530. Tusculum, N„ bishop of, and cardinal, 109; his letters on the defeat of Louis IX., 103, 108, 327. le Tuylier, Solomon, and Elycia his wife, 622. Tychemersh, Willielmus, of Cambridge, provincial minister, 538 ; reader at Cambridge, 557, 560. Tyssyngton, Johannes, of Oxford, pro- vincial minister, 538, 561. u. Ukliuton, 92. de Ulixbona, Fr. Leo, 528. de Ulmo, Zaneto, minister general, 536. Ultra-montanus, Jacobus, a lay brother, 7, de Valacenes, Alicia, 500. , Christina, 500. de Valeutia, Fr. Gerardus, 529. de Valentia, or Valentinis, Simon, ii.")(t, wishes to borrow from the UniTcrbity chest, 257. Valentini, 527. Valeys, Johannes, divinity reader in (Jx- ford, 554. Vasalli, Fr. Fortunarius, cardinal, 532, general jninister, 535, 559. de Venetiis, Fr. Ludovicus, cardinal St. Mark, 532 ; general minister, 535. de Ver, G. a friar, 328. de Verdun, Thomas, 119. de S. Victore, Ricliardus, TJc Sancla Trinitate, 359. de Vilio Campania;, Andreas, 530. Vincentius, a layman, custos of the friars, 22. de Viterbio, Fr. IMarcus, cardinal, 532 ; general minister, 535. de Vyz, Gilbertus, the devil throws a handful of vermin at him, 13. w. W. 304, (Will, of Notingham ?) 9, 312. de Wakerfeid, Aianus, reader at O.xford, 5.52. de Walda [de AValtliam?], Kichardus, 395. Walden, Fr. Willielmus, of England, martyred by the Saracens, 528. Walden, Willielmus, Knt., a benefactor to the friars, 513. de Walepole, Henricus, enters the Order. 16. Wales, Wellis, or Wallensis, Johannes, D.D., of Oxford ; reader at Oxford, 550 552, 598. de Waietun, Simon, 260. Waleys (or Gales, q.v.), Henricus, Mayor of London, 500, 501, his benefactions to the friars, 504, 508, 509, 512, 622, 6t>S INDEX. "Walleiisis. PhiEpfras. seat fiff &thh Engtrnd to read at Lyons» 33, 549. . Tboraas, l^shop rf St Danriffs, as, 150. 5*9 ; read» at Oxfeid, ik le Waldom. . reader at Camliridje. 557. Wikeras, canoD of XewlaaB, 220. ^aherws, 401. ^^alrens. «(^dsoitb cf Oxtbrd, i-io. ie Walkham, E., a frfar. 32a See Walda. , WinkimBS,aad £Lqi3 his vi&, 262. Wolirorth, JotasBSSf 517 ; Jobznna, his irife, .-6. "^Varde. Johannes, Sheriff cf LondM», 502. i^ Waitwrk, J., a fii>r ond»^ ponishiwTit, 355. WaroaiBS, a riBtBO' at Oxford, 259. WariyD. Ratfe, Shaiff of Londoo. 526. Wanrkk (EJa Ijom^pe) cosntess o^ the hene&etiaBS to tibe finals, 499, 500. de Waieley, J. reader at Cambridge, 556. Waafaara, H., abbot of 210. de Wasa. Bk^atdK, 378. Welford. BidairdB^ Sheriff of IdtnAom, de Wears, Hugo, 53. WeTlys «• WaDrs, Eobertns, of Oxford, proTincial minister, died in Trance, 533, 361. Wecgrave, Jcdanoes, "^fxyae at Lowdow, 506. Went. -Johaones, of Oxford, proTindal minister, 5-13 ; rector in Oxford, 554 ; bcried ai Hereford, 560. "Wesham, EogCTus. dean of LincaM of T.oiwtop, 496. Wittkimus. 3 clerk cf the arehtB^iop of Canterbcry, 103. 118. Wmehests- (Adomarns), bishop o£ his dispoie Tfiih the comrent of St Swithin's, S4, 95, 609 ; desires a conference with Grostete, 103 ; letter to. 254 : his dispute ■with the aichbi^op term j-nr. ted. 337. ■Wodham. Adam, diriniiy reader in Oxford, 554. de Wodhay, Thmnas, 501. Worcester, 16, 17, 23. Worcester (Walto^ Caotiloap), bishi^ o^ S2, 96 : a feithfol supporter of SiKcn de ilontfort, 123, 270, 277 ; dtqiote between hrm and the archlB^iop of Canterbury. 337. de Worstede, Bob., reader at CSambridge, 555. Wycli£ 598. Wydo, 297. St^e Wygomix Wy^mundos frater, a German and cele- brated jurist, 29. de Wygomia, P„ 360. de Wygomia. Tmcentins, confessed' to Wesham. bishop of Coventry. 42. de Wygomia, W., 308. Wygredus frater, risitor of the Order, 31. de Wyke, Gifbcrtus, 495. de Wyke, Thomas, a priest desiring admission into the Order. 350. de Wyleby, Petrus, re-^uest in his behalf, 247. WyQoby, Hugo, chancdkr of Qxfixd and canon erf Yorit, 542. de Wylron, Jobaaiaes, dirimty reader is Oxfoid, 553. Wymldedon, Fetms, rector o^ physician to the Queen, 114. de Wymbome, Fr. Simon, 68. Wynbome, Thomas, Sheriff