i 
 
 0& 
 
LIBRARY 
 
 University of California. 
 
 Class 
 
V -^ 
 
BAR! GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY. 
 
BAEI GRAMMAR 
 
 AND 
 
 J 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 Caft. R. C. R. OWEN, c.M.G. 
 
 FELLOW OP THE ROYAL GEOGTRAPHICAL SOCIETY 
 GOVERNOR, MONGALLA PROVINCE, SOUTHERN SUDAN 
 
 J. k E. BUMPITS, LTD. 
 
 350, OXFORD STREET, LONDON 
 1908 
 
LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITEP, 
 
 DUKK STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET. W 
 
t^Lgobi 
 
 >/ 
 
 PBEFACE 
 
 The Bari tribe inhabit the country lying approximately between Latitudes 
 3° 40' N. and S*^ 45' N. — their Southern boundary being the River Assua. 
 
 Their Northern neighbours are the Dinkas, to the South of them are the 
 Madi, to the East the Berri, Beir and Latuka tribes, and to the West the 
 Makraka, Azanda and Dinka tribes. 
 
 The Bahr el Jebel runs through the centre of their territory. The 
 river is broken up by many islands large and small ; the former are called by 
 the Bari " Tikenyo " and the latter " Pipia." Most of these islands are 
 extensively cultivated and provide the principal food supplies for the tribe. 
 
 In the days of Sir Samuel Baker and Emin Pasha the Bari were a 
 numerous and warlike tribe and rich in cattle, but under Dervish rule they 
 suffered severely and the tribe is now a small one, with very few cattle. The 
 Southern part of their country is mountainous, to the West (from North to 
 South) being Mounts Lado, Nyerkoni, Jebel el Hadid, Kurruk, Kunguii and 
 Weya, with Mount Logwek at Rejaf. On the East are Mounts Belinian, 
 Luri and Longa, and still further East and South East are the Lokoya and 
 Liria Mountains. 
 
 Most of the Bari villages are near the river. Their principal crops are 
 dura (red), simsim, telabun, and tobacco, which, for the last few years, have 
 suffered considerably from the two extremes of drought and flood. 
 
 Of minerals, iron is very plentiful. Of the flora, the principal trees are 
 palms (Hyphaene thebaica and Borassus aethiopum), mimosa (especially the 
 Mimosa nilotica, nabak (Rhamnus nabeca), heglik and tamarind. 
 
 211?19 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 Game is fairly plentiful, lion, leopard, elephant, rhinocei'os, hyena, 
 buffalo, antelope, gazelle, hippopotamus, crocodile, giraffe, zebra, &c., being 
 found in fair numbers ; of birds, the ostrich, bustard, marabout, osprey, 
 golden-crested crane, pelican, shoebird (Abu Markub or Bala?niceps rex). 
 Ibis, ground horn-bill and many others. Snakes are numerous, especially 
 the death-adder. 
 
 The Bari are physically a fine race, slim, well proportioned and well 
 built. The majority of the men are entirely naked and carry a spear or bow 
 and arrows. The women wear in front a small apron or fi'inge either of 
 leather or of jilaited little iron chains, and at the back a long tuft of fine 
 leather straps, grass or wool, which gives them the appearance of having a 
 long tail ; they do most of the tilling and cultivation, and many are to be 
 seen working in the fields carrying their babies on their backs. Sometimes 
 if a tree is handy to their work they will put the baby in a kind of leather 
 sack and hang it up to the tree while they are at work. 
 
 Many of the men wear a ring of ivory on their left arm above the elliow 
 and decorate their heads with feathers. It used to be a common ha1)it 
 among the men to besmear themselves with a mixture of oil (from the 
 hurnleng, wild oil tree) and red earth, but this custom is dying out. 
 
 They are great smokers and cultivate their own tobacco, which they make 
 into cakes. The tobacco grown in the Lokoya hills is the most prized. The 
 women manufacture clay pipes. 
 
 As regards their religious views, they have a name for the Supreme Being, 
 "No UN," who is the representative of goodness and therefore not to be 
 feared and requires no sacrifices. The noun " Ngun " comes from the 
 obsolete verbal root ngun (to be big), from which the word to'ngiin (to be 
 bigger, to surpass) appears more complete and is frequently used. 
 
 If a man is old and is afraid of death, he is asked : do Ngun ? Are you 
 God 1 — that is to say. Do you want to live for ever 1 
 
 They have also an expression for the evil spirit, ajol; pi. ajoJcan, or 
 jueJc, whom they are obliged to appease by offering sacrifices {robemgga, pi. 
 rohdnggajin). Some old Baris call the viper their grandmother, and offer it 
 milk as a sacrifice. They have also their sorcerers, and a distinction is made 
 between good and bad ones. The former, hunit, pi. hunuk, are in possession 
 of secret remedies, especially for cases of sickness. There are also the 
 
PREFACE, VU 
 
 so called "rain-makers" (bunuh-ti-hidu), who maintain that it lies in their 
 power to bring rain, and when called upon to produce it demand beforehand 
 a special payment of cattle. This is, however, a dangerous art, for if it does 
 not rain at the right time the rain-maker is hunted out and often put to 
 death that he may give up the rain he has kept l)ack. The evil sorcerers or 
 chief wizards, who only do harm and bi'ing trouble, are called demdnit, pi. 
 demdh. 
 
 R. C. R. O. 
 
THE GEAMMAE. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The Alphabet. 
 
 The Baris have no writing of their own. Seeing a stranger write they say, 
 " nge louivur," he is scratching, engraving, drawing. Wnr = to write. 
 Wuriiti = writing. 
 
 The complete Alphabet, expressed in the Latin characters with modifica- 
 tions and the addition of the Teutonic " w," is as follows : — a, a, a, a, b, d, 
 «> e', e, f, g, i, i, i, y, J, Jc, I, m, n, ng, 'ng, mj, o, 6, 6, o, p, r, s, t, u, u, u, w. 
 
 Note 1. — The letters c, h, q, x, z do not appear, because there is no 
 corresponding sound in Bari. 
 
 -N"oTE 2. — ''Y" is placed immediately after " /,'' because it sometimes 
 serves as a short English " e" or " y." 
 
 Note 3. — " P " is almost always pronounced as " F," with the exception 
 of very few words. Consequently in this book "P" has been generally 
 replaced by " F" in the Grammar. In some villages the "P" is more often 
 pronounced ; therefore when looking up a word in the Vocabulary commencing 
 with "P " the reader must look it up under " F." In the Vocabulary " F" 
 only has been used. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 2. 
 
 A.— The Vowels and their Pronunciatiox. 
 
 is, like all vowels without accent, clear and pure, like the English " a " 
 in farthing and father. Ex. : I'ak, earth ; halm, to cease. 
 
 corresponds to the broad a [a) in French and Greek. Ex. : hdrara, to 
 go and bring, to fetch ; hardndu, to overflow ; add f how ? 
 
 B 
 
2 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 ('i (rare) is pronounced like the circumflex " a " in other languages. 
 Ex. : ddh, tobacco-pipe ; ddra, to be tired : honggudt, clothes. 
 
 n occurs only in two words, hiirya, seven ; loguldu. cock, and is sounded 
 like the English " a " in fall, ail. 
 
 3. 
 
 e A pure, clear sound. Ex. : def or dep (dedep), to raise, to keep ; dede, 
 later, then. 
 
 e is like the oxytone " e " in other languages. Ex. : de, to hide ; dele, 
 hide ; Jcele, tooth ; hiaser, sister. 
 
 e The long " e." Ex. : dei-u, gra,ss, hay ; mje, to eat. 
 
 4. 
 
 i Pure and clear. Ex. : jik [jijiJc), to lead ; gin (gigin), to tear ; ying 
 (yiying), to hear. 
 
 i The sharp " {." Ex. : moji, imp. (mojita), drink. 
 
 ^ Long. Ex. : lihtn, to lose ; lilik, to be dry ; hidik, small. 
 
 y (as a vowel) always a quite short " «"." Ex. : towyli, heart ; murye, 
 blue ; ndnyet, her (suflix). 
 
 5. 
 
 read clear and pure. Ex. : lodoTie, toad ; lokokorit, boundary ; lorn, 
 
 side. 
 6 spoken shai-ply. Ex. : loyur, sad ; lomurye, blue ; lotor, red. 
 
 6 read long. Ex. : dol-, to wind a skein ; givoso, similar, like, as ; mo 
 (contr. of molu), later. 
 
 o corresponds to the Turkish " o," and approaches the English sound in 
 murder, or the French " eu" in seul. It occurs frequently and care 
 must be taken to keep the sound well closed, so as not to confound it 
 with " e." Ex. : Tiddini, tree, wood ; toM, again ; Ttdfurdt or Jcdpiirot, 
 smoke ; lupo or lufo, to enter ; against this, lupe or lufe, to go out ; 
 durjo (diirjyd); to grow ; durje, to milk. 
 
 6. 
 
 n Clear and pui^e. Ex. : hut (bubut), to strike ; buJcu, .shield. ~^ 
 
 u An oxytone " m." Ex.: karutef, exchange; hihdnlu, bat; lutii, 
 
 son-in-law. 
 u a long " u" only occurs in a few words. Ex. : uri, pi. uryij, boar ; 
 hiikudi, armhole, armpit. 
 There are no so-called diphthongs in Bari, except " au" in l-ati, whip; 
 kaureleng, matter of the eye ; yaua, beer (merissa). The remaining words 
 
BAR! gra:\imar. 3 
 
 with " au," in which the "a" 'and "u" are pronounced sepai-ately, are 
 distinguished by the acute accent, which is placed over each accented vowel. 
 Ex. : anlue, chosen ; anro {awuro), written ; loui/n, f. ndiiyn, wet, damp. In 
 the same way the remaining vowels coming together are always pronounced 
 separately. Ex. : gei (get) = ge-i, dotoet = doto-et ; diediero = di-e-di-ero. 
 
 7. 
 
 B. — The Pronunciation of the Consonants. 
 
 The consonants are produced by three parts of the vocal mechanism, 
 directed from the back towards the front of the mouth. They are divided 
 into six classes : — 
 
 I. Gutturals : g. 1-. 
 IT. Palatals : s, /, y. 
 
 III. Liquids : I, r. 
 
 IV. Dentals : n, d, t. 
 
 V. Labials : h, to, p, f, in. 
 VI. Nasals : ng, 'ng, ny. 
 
 I. — The Gutturals. 
 
 g is pronounced soft throughout, like a German " cJi" or as before a, o, u, 
 in Roman. Ex. : gnf or gap, to protect ; gege, never ; gin, to tear. 
 
 Note. — If two "g's" occur immediately together ("gg") both must be 
 heard. Ex. : yanggo, mother ; kapenggo or kafenggo, Ipig sack ; read 
 yang-go, kapeng-go. 
 
 k corresponds to the English "k" as in king, kitchen, kiss. Ex.: kak, 
 earth ; hi, heaven. 
 
 9. 
 
 II. — Palatals. 
 
 s always like the English "J" in jeer, jest, just, and the Italian " ge,' 
 
 " gl." Ex. : sape, mug, jug ; sar [sasar), to judge ; sokoro, hens ; subi, 
 
 wax ; spoken J(ipe, jar, etc. 
 j is much softer than " s," especially in the plurals in "//" and "jin," 
 
 resembling the Arabic dj in hadji. 
 y as consonant is like the English " y " in yes, year. Ex. : yd ? 
 
 whence 1 yayu, to move (of water). 
 
 10. 
 
 III. — -LlQUIDH. 
 
 / and ) have the ordinary pronunciation as in other languages, English, 
 r I Italian, etc. 
 
 B 2 
 
4 BAKI GRAMMAR. 
 
 11. 
 
 IV.— Dentals. 
 
 H has the same sound as iii other languages. 
 t is always hard like the Greek t and is never suppressed. 
 (1 like the modern Greek 8 or English " the ". Double d (dd) is read as 
 in English, wedding, pudding. If it occurs at the end of a word the 
 second " d " is continued in sound from the first. Ex. : hnadd = 
 hivad-d = to honour. 
 
 12. 
 V. — Labials. 
 
 h has mostly a very soft sound, sometimes, namely, before " a," to such a 
 
 degree that it may be suppressed altogether. Ex. : haldvg = aldng, 
 
 salt ; hang = ang, court-yard ; baha = aJca, to cease. 
 w (1) is pronounced very softly or may be omitted altogether. Ex. : 
 
 wuju (wuwuju), to take ; awuro, written ; one can also read and write : 
 
 uju {tmjti) and auro. 
 
 (2) It may be replaced by " ?(•" Ex. : s'ma = stua, bees ; yitwe = 
 yitue = to return ; mudwe = mildue, dark. 
 
 (3) It is pronounced somewhat harder after the letters "g" or "A*." 
 Ex.: gwon (gtvogwon), to remain, to live; Iwe, head; Jcicelen 
 (kwekicelen), to be beautiful. 
 
 p [ appear in some words for each other. Ex. : fdrana or par ana = 
 andl peace ; ferok or perok = time ; furue or purue = to awake. Only 
 / [ fungot and furyo have "/" alone. V. Yocab., under F. 
 m has the ordinary sound of m. 
 
 13. 
 VI. — Nasals. 
 
 The Nasals are very important and are divided into three classes, i.e., 
 {l)ny; (2) ng ; (3) 'ng. 
 ni/ has the least nasal sound (when followed by a vowel). With a person 
 speaking naturally through the nose, the " y " is almost inaudible. 
 E*X. : nyu, there ; vyob, to welcome ; nyanyar, to love. 
 ng in the first and final sound is like the "■ng" in the English sing, ring. 
 Ex. : dingit, time ; bungudn, nine ; geleng, alone ; yango, leprosy ; read 
 ding-it, yang-o, bung-udn. 
 'ng (ng in the final sound) at the beginning of a word has the strongest 
 and most pronounced nasal sound. Ex. : ngesu (nge'ngesii), to eat ; 
 ngo'ngogit, to relate ; ngd (ngdlo) ? who ? 
 Note. — Only the pronoun nge (he, she) is read as enclitica like the soft 
 nasal " nye." 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 14. 
 
 A. — The Apostrophe and Di^^esis. 
 
 The apostrophe appears but seldom in Bari and is of importance in the 
 following words only : V yd {lo yd), where is he 1 and «' yd {na, yd), where is 
 she ? In all other cases words which take the apostrophe may be written in 
 full. Ex. : d' afo or d' apo (also : do apo), you are come ; ho <' arnele (ko ta 
 amele), if you have seen ; taJcita nan, n' amet ko rC aying ta hune, tell me what 
 you have seen and heard. 
 
 Note. — For the signification of the apostrophe before " ng " at the 
 beginning of a word, V. Parag. 13. 
 
 The diferesis is used on " / " to show that it must be read separately from 
 the preceding vowel. Ex. : in ge'i, used, read ge-i : a'in, nob, read a-in. 
 
 15. 
 
 B. — Quantities and Accents. 
 
 The vowels a, e, i, o, u, as a rule are rather short, but when they are 
 to be pronounced long they are written with a circumflex accent, thus : a, e, 
 i, 6, u, the accent remaining on this syllable. V. Parags. 2-6. 
 
 The vowels a, e, o, u, can also be quite short ; the short " l " is indicated 
 by " y." V. Parag. 4. 
 
 A short vowel to be read or spoken in a very pronounced manner is 
 designated by the acute accent, and these are divided into two classes. 
 
 16. 
 
 (a) — Word-Accents. 
 
 (1) In Bari there are a number of words of one, two or more syllables, 
 of which the vowels coming together have the same accent, and as each 
 vowel must be clearly and distinctly pronounced, each should take the- 
 acute accent. Ex. : de = de, dede = dede ; fafarasah = fdfdrdsdk. In 
 order to avoid excess of accents, in this case all are omitted. 
 
 (2) There are many expressions and forms of words in which one 
 syllable is especially prominent, namely, in all imperatives. Ex. : agi, 
 compelled ; lohut, fern, ndbuf, good ; add f how 1 musdla, three ; hinji, imp. 
 [lungita), call ; hiii, imp. (hiuta), kiss. 
 
 Note 1. — The vowel " o," generally short, is mostly unaccented — only the 
 imperative of some verbs is also oxytone in the singular and paroxytone in 
 the plural ; with these the accent is omitted. Ex, : dmjyo (durj'o) = to 
 grow, imp. durjyo, plur. dnrjydta ; juruddyo, to sink, imp. juniddyo, plur. 
 juruddyota. 
 
b BARI GRAMMAP. 
 
 Note 2. — A vowel following immediately an accented syllable, and when 
 forming a syllable of itself, must be I'ead very short. Hx. : niylu (niilu), 
 fem. niynu (mimi), that there — read niJii, ninn ; nieJo, fem. niena, this there — 
 read almost nilo, nina. 
 
 17. 
 {h) — The Sentence- Accent. 
 
 The sentence-accent resembles the enclitica in Greek. 
 
 (1) A word of one or two syllables following an oxytone, of which the 
 Urst syllable is short (or half length) and the second unaccented, must be 
 i*ead as foi'mal enclitica. Ex. : dcmge lo (na), drive him (her) away — read 
 dongelo (dongena) ; dele mugun, hide yourself — read delemugun ; ti nan, give 
 me — read tinan. 
 
 Note. — The plural exponent of the imperative " ta " (you) is also a 
 similar enclitica. 
 
 (2) The articles lo (lu), na, ti, as well as the prepositions /, Ico, ku, the 
 conjunction on and other monosyllables under the above circumstances 
 are mostly oxytone ; therefore the word immediately following must be read 
 as enclitica. Ex. : molokofyo 16 nguiu, the soul of the man ; violokojin ti ^ 
 ngutu, the souls of the men ; i lor, on the day ; i Jci, in heaven ; i I ak, on 
 earth. 
 
 i jameilot, according to thy word. 
 
 ko do,"^ with thee. 
 
 ko ta, with you. 
 
 ko ce, with them. 
 
 ko ngutu, with people. 
 
 ku baba, by the father, or with the father. 
 
 yfctt ngote, by the mother, or with the mother. 
 
 Note 1. — The negative "//" has also this peculiarity. Ex. : nge ti Imio, 
 he (she) cannot. 
 
 Note 2. — if stress is laid upon the pronoun, it must take the accfiit. 
 Ex. : ko do, with thee ; ko to. nan tutu ? shall I go with you 1 
 
BAR! GRAMMAR. 
 
 PART 11. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 18. 
 
 Word and Verbal Roots. 
 
 In the Dinka language the root and word are often identical and may be 
 used as verb, noun, adjective, or even as preposition. The Bari language is 
 much superior. The verbal root is seldom used as substantive as in other 
 languages. Ex. : kidya, to speak, and the speech ; although the Bari in a 
 great many cases has developed many nouns from roots of the same form, 
 especially nowlna aetionis and absfracta, as well as all roots or stems which 
 have a passive form, and many others, nomina agentis. 
 
 Ex. : sar, to judge. yol-o, to sing. 
 
 sar-et, law. yol-et, song. 
 
 l-a-sar-a-nif, judge. Jca-yol-o-nit, singer. 
 
 19. 
 
 Form of the Root. 
 
 The Bari language has no root consisting of a single vowel by itself. If 
 the root is of one syllable (in the simplest form), vowel and consonant are 
 united and the latter precedes. 
 
 Ex. : hi, to suck. de, to hide. 
 
 sd, to tear out. A-d, to bide. 
 
 se, to wipe. so, to prick, sting, etc. 
 
 Only the imperative and sometimes the passive form of these verbal 
 roots show the abolition of a third radical letter, a suppression of the con- 
 sonant sound. The imperative is then sounded as follows : — 
 
 hije (hijeta). dele (deleta), pass. dela. 
 
 sane (saneta). dule (duleta) „ dnJe. 
 
 scne (seneta) 
 
 The complete roots would then be h!j, san, sen, del, did. 
 
 The next-mentioned root-forms are those which are almost identical 
 with the above, and are those in which the A'owel precedes a consonant and 
 the root is first sounded with a consonant and ends with a consonant. 
 Ex. : but, to strike, den, to know, Jcon, to make, gin, to tear. 
 
8 BAR! GRAMMAR. 
 
 Further, roots must be taken into consideration of two or more syllables, 
 which scarcely merit this appellation. They are composed of one-syllable 
 roots which have become enlarged for the most part by composition. 
 
 20. 
 
 Extension of the Root by Reduplication. 
 
 Roots are transformed by various means to stems. The most effectual is, 
 as in other languages, by Reduplication. This serves in Bari principally to 
 designate the present and future in opposition to the perfect. 
 
 Ex. : nan nge'ngesu, I eat (am busy with food). 
 Ngun gicogwon i hi, God lives in heaven. 
 do wuwur, thou writest. 
 
 The perfect would be nge gwon (nge agwon) kil ta, he (she) was with you ; 
 nan d'ngesu, I have eaten ; do awur, thou hast written. 
 
 Note 1. — Several verbs keep the " re " also in the aorist. V. 34. 
 
 Note 2. — As a further enlargement the re appears by the raising of the 
 adjective or adverb. V. 89. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 21. 
 
 The Elements of Word-Making. 
 
 Next to and (in use also with) the reduplication are different elements 
 which serve to enlarge and transf(jrm the roots into stems. These are 
 suffixes and prefixes. 
 
 22. 
 
 A. — Suffixes. 
 
 (a) Simple. The most important are : — 
 
 a Ex. : dan-a, to hide one's self ; dar-a, to tire one's self ; hah-a, to 
 cease, to finish. 
 
 Note. — The above forms are really only passive or reflective forms of the 
 obsolete primitive roots hak, dan, dar. 
 
 e Ex. : lup-e or Ixf-e, to go out ; mel-e, to see ; Tcko-e, to mount. 
 
 i pnr-i ov fur-i, to itch ; 7cwel-i, to wake ; kud-i, to look ; Jcwcn-i, to laugh. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 9 
 
 Note, — Kud-i is shortened from hid-ya, kioel-i and pur-l or fur-i and 
 kwen-i short forms of kwel-in, hicen-in, and pur-in or fur-in. Kud-i, in 
 the imperat. kudie (kudye) ; the other three kweUne, kwenine, and 
 purine or f urine. 
 
 dot-o, to sleep ; yol-o, to sing ; dom-o, to be sad. 
 
 Note. — The verbs in " o " are also shortened forms of dot-on, dom-on, 
 yol-on. The imperative is dotoni, domoni, yoloni. 
 
 Ex. : jol-o, to travel ; givor-o, to buy ; hul-o, to be able. 
 Note. — The imperative of the verbs is pronounced buloni, gwdroni, 
 
 u Ex. : sul-u, to commence ; hur-u, to repent, regret ; heg-u, to ram into. 
 
 Note. — hegu in the Imperative is hegi. 
 
 sulu ,, „ sulune. 
 
 IniTU ,, ,, huruni. 
 
 an Mcr-an, to get drunk ; yuk-an, to rest, repose ; rom-an, to greet. 
 
 €71 Ex. : kwel-en, to be beautiful ; my-en, to be ill ; yul-en, to be 
 discontented. 
 The nasal sound " eng " occurs only in the word bel-eng, to break. 
 
 ri has the same meaning as the German ver, ent, iveg. Ex. : hongo-ri, 
 to forget ; gu'drd-ri, to give away, to sell ; wogo-ri. 
 
 rij With the same meaning as " ri," chiefly separation or removal. Ex. : 
 huko-ro, to pour away ; riko-ro, to chase, drive away. 
 
 et forms nomina actionis and abstrada. Ex. : sar-et, judgment (saran, 
 to judge) ; ivan-et, prayer (loan-du, to pray). 
 
 on {ong) Ex. : ivong-on, to cry, to lament ; gwolong, to dwell, to stay. 
 
 on Tur-on, to lean against ; dlr-bn, to drown. 
 
 un Meaning hither, towards, thither, along (similar to the particle yu). 
 Ex. : pes-un, to rob ; guk-un, to invite. 
 
 ha Ex. : dib-ba, to prepare a hearth (out of stone) ; deb-ba, to stay, to 
 stick (similar to the suffix " a "). 
 
 bu Ex. : gum-bu, to hedge in ; rem-bu, to kill. 
 
 du Gwad-du, to sprinkle, to squirt at ; haran-du, to overflow. 
 
 ya (dya) Ex. : du-ya, to stoop ; kon-dya, to make. 
 
 yd Ex. : fur-yo, to choke ; bir-yo, to play (as children play). 
 
 yu Ex. : pu-yu or fu-yu, to rub, to stroke ; jje-//(( or fe-yu, to bake ; 
 mo-yu, to beg. 
 
10 BARI GRAMMAE. 
 
 ji Together with the before-mentioned " a " or " o," sign of the passive or 
 reflective form. Ex. : ical-d-ji, to walk, to go for a walk ; ivdr-o-ji, to 
 remove. 
 
 Ji/a (Ja) Ex. : Jci-Ja, to mount, go up ; li-J(i, to strain, filter ; der-jya 
 (der-Ja), to cook. 
 
 Jy^ U^) Ex. : wiwi-jii, to spin ; dnr-Jo, to grow. 
 
 jyu Ex. : sar-Jyu, to judge ; diir-jyu, to be sad. 
 
 Ju Ex. : sa-ju, to tear or pull out ; so-ju, to spear. 
 
 hin With the meaning of doing something to or for someone. Ex. '. 
 ta-kin, to tell someone ; moi/u (root mo, imperat. mole, passive molo, to 
 beg, entreat), molo-Jcin, to ask for something for someone ; (proio, to 
 buy, gwo-ro-kin, to buy something for someone. 
 
 Note. — Sometimes kin has also the meaning a . . . something to. Ex. : 
 rusun, to undress ; rasu-kin, to put on a dress. 
 
 nit (anit) comes from the pronoun nge (he, she), and with " t " occurs in the 
 suffix sing., masc. and fem., l6-nit (more generally l6-nyet), fem. nd-nit 
 generally nd-nyet), his, her, or also in kd'ngit, with him, her. A 
 number of " nomina agentis" .serve as examples, vide the feminine of 
 kahin-nit kawuronit. 
 
 Note. — AH verbs which have a true passive or passive form form these 
 nomina agentis. 
 
 Note 2. — Instead of the final sound " nit " in the sing., " k " appears 
 throughout the plui'al, and it is also to be looked for in the plural 
 of the demonstrative kulo, fem. kiine. 
 
 23. 
 
 (b) Compound suffixes consist of two of the above simple suffixes. 
 Ex.: hi-un-dya, to kiss; gwdr-un-dyd, to buy; morb-kin-dya, to thank 
 someone. 
 
 24. 
 B. — Prefixes. 
 
 a This prefix, on account of its importance, can be written separately, and 
 serves : — 
 
 (1) As copulri. Ex. : Ngun aduma (a duma), God is great ; yanggo 
 andhut (a nabut), My father is good, My mother is good ; silo kadxn 
 arigwo (a rigwo). These trees are straight. 
 
 (2) As verb in the perfect, active and passive, with the meaning, 
 is .... or has .... Ex. : wur, to write ; perf. awnr, has written, 
 passive awuro, is written; tudn, to die; perf. dtnnn, is dead. 
 
 Note. — In this form sometimes the perfect takes the place of adjective or 
 participle. Ex. : ahelengo, broken, from heleng = to break : agwdta, 
 splashed, from gionddu, to splash. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 1 1 
 
 (3) It form.s adverbs fi'om substantives. Ex. : riina, blood ; tiiimn, 
 
 bloody ; hitdten, the right hand ; aliitdfen, right, to the right ; n.erete, 
 
 side ; amerete, sideways. 
 16 I serve as gender-prefixes to many adjectives whose simple roots arenot 
 and< in use. Ex. : losok, fern, ndsok, thin ; lohut, fem. nahuf, good ; Jongan, 
 nd [ fem. ndngon, bad. 
 to This prefix forms transitive verbs from intransitive verbs and doubles 
 
 transitive verbs. Ex. : dinlki, to learn ; tofJinikin, to teach ; dinei, 
 
 lesson (active) ; todinet, instruction (in the passive) ; kadinanii, scholar ; 
 
 katodinanit, teacher ; hidju, to recover ; tobidju,, to heal ; kotohianlt, 
 
 doctor ; ijuran, to be sad ; foi/uran, to make sad. 
 tu Rare form for " to." Ex. : fuhdka (instead of tohdka), to finish ; txja, 
 
 to cause disgust. 
 k (ka) forms with the perfect the passive or reflective, and, in conjunction 
 
 with the sufiix '^nit," nomina agentis. V. above, under 22, ^^ nit." 
 
 Note 1. — Tu, as substantive prefix, which may be used also adverbially, 
 has the same particular adverbial meaning. Ex. : kotyang = evening ; 
 tukotyang, in the evening ; kwaje, night ; tukwaje, in the night. 
 
 PARTS OF SPEECH. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 The Pronoun. 
 
 The Pronouns are divided into six classes. 
 
 (1) Personal. (4) Relative. 
 
 (2) Possessive. (5) Interrogative. 
 
 (3) Demonstrative. . (6) Indefinite. 
 
 25. 
 (1) Personal Pronouns. 
 
 SixMPLE. 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 7ian, I yi, we 
 
 do, thou ta, you 
 
 nge (la, lu), he • se (kulo, kuJu), they 
 
 7ige (na, mi), she se (kune, kunu), they (f.) 
 
 These pronouns are not inflected, bub remain unchanged in all ciicum- 
 stances. Ex. : nan means me, or to me, as well as I : nge {Jo, lu) has — as 
 well as the meaning he — him, to him, etc. Nevertheless it is to be 
 observed that — 
 
12 BARI (GRAMMAR. 
 
 (1) Instead of the personal pronoun, the possessive is used. Ex. : yi 
 rerembu huJijik mimda geJeng a inot, We wish to build three huts, one for 
 thee (literally one is thine — thine in the fern, because kadi is fern.). 
 
 (2) After the preposition hu (by, to, with, from), which experiences a 
 triple metamorphose and changes into Jed, ho or ka (kd), the above forms, with 
 the exception of the third person plural, become — 
 
 Singular, 
 let Person, ko-yo, with (from, to) me. 
 2nd Person, ko-nut (konut), with (from, to) thee. 
 3rd Person, kcVngit, with (from, to) him, her. 
 
 Plural. 
 1st Person, ka-yang (kayaiig), with (from, for, to) us. 
 2nd Person, ka-su {kasu), with (from, to) you. 
 3rd Person, ka-se (kase), with (from, to) them. 
 
 Several Bari verbs are constructed with " ku " or " ko," and on this 
 account the above forms are used instead of the simple personal pronouns. 
 Ex. : kune ling na nydr ta kune, ngiUu kondya kasu (ka-su), koneta kase (Jia-se) 
 lunga ! All that you wish that people should do to you, do also unto them. 
 
 26. 
 
 Rules in Syntax and Examples. 
 If the personal pronoun in a sentence is in the dative case, it must 
 precede the accusative. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Nan atin lu muntye, I have given him bread. 
 
 Nan tintin do plom or fiom, I give you water. 
 
 Ti nan piom ov fiom, nan momoyii do, Give me water, I entreat you. 
 
 Nan agworohin ta le, I have bought you some milk. 
 
 Kajye diong ako ta (se) f Did tlie dog bite you yesterday ? 
 
 Like, kajye nge ako yi {se). Yes, yesterday he bit us. 
 
 Nan agwon ko-nut (kd'ngit), I was with you. 
 
 Nan dedek ko-nut sokoro miisdla, I demand three hens from him. 
 
 27. 
 
 The possessive personal pronouns myself, thyself, himself, in part express 
 certain verbs ; in part, in the singular, is placed instead of nan, do, etc., the 
 word mugun, meaning body, and in the plural, instead of yi, ta, se, the plural 
 of mugun, herik, although in the first case mugun or berik may be used as 
 pleonasm. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Nan lilik [mugun), I am drying myself. 
 
 Se lilik {herik), They are drying themselves. 
 
BARI GRAMMAE. 13 
 
 Nge laldju (mtigun), He (she) is washing himself. 
 
 Se laldju berik, They are washing themselves. 
 
 Tiji {tint) mugun on kondya sine, Take care to do that (sing.). 
 
 Tijita (tinita) berik on kondya sine, Take care to do that (plu.). 
 
 Nan iciwid mugun, I am turning. 
 
 Se wiivid berik, They are turning. 
 
 28. 
 
 Compound Personal Pronouns, 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 nan-geleng, T alone. yi-kade, we alone. 
 
 do-geleng, thou alone. td-kade, you alone. 
 
 nge-geleng, he, she alone. se-kade, they alone. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 nan-lopeng, or nan-lofeng, I myself. 
 
 do-lopeng, or do-lofeng, thou thyself. 
 
 nge-lopeng, or nge-lofeng, he (she) himself (herself). 
 
 Plural. 
 
 yi-lope'ngat, or yi-lofe'ngat, we ourselves. 
 ta-lope'ngat, or ta-lofe'ngaf, you yovirselves. 
 se-lope'ngat, or se-lofe''ngaf, they themselves. 
 
 Note 1. — In.stead of " lopeng''^ or " lofeng," mugun may be used, and 
 instead of lope''ngat," " lofe'ngaf berik" — ndn-mugun, do-mugttn, etc., yi-berik, 
 ta-berik, etc. 
 
 Note 2. — All are of common gender. 
 
 Note 3. — The Rule of Syntax 26 applies also here. 
 
 2?. 
 (2) Possessive Pronouns. 
 
 These principally appear first as suffixes and secondly as independent 
 possessive pronouns. 
 
 (a) Suffixes. 
 Singular. Plnral. 
 
 lio, f. nio, my kwe, f. kwe, my 
 
 Hot, f. inot, thy kulbk, f. kunok, thy 
 
 ISnyet, f. nanyet, his, her kdnyet, f. kdnyef, his, her 
 
 likang, f. nikang, our A-rt^f/, f. /ia>i^, oi;r 
 
 /dstt, f. ndsu, your /casw, f. A-«sit, your 
 
 lose, f. wase, their lease, f. /case, their 
 
 NoTE.^ — The forms lonyet, ndnyet and kdnyet are pronounced sometimes 
 almost like nd'tigit and kd'ngif. 
 
 .=CFTHiE. 
 1 1 iNfl l>nDiro.rv»,r 
 
14 
 
 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 Rules in Syntax and Examples. 
 The Surtix agrees in number and gender with the preceding substantive. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Nan yujiuran lungaser-lio afnan I'aje, I mourn my brother who died 
 
 yesterday. 
 Lnnijaser-ilot adiron hare, Your brothei- has been drowned iu the river. 
 .Del-et-inot gwegioe, According to your will or wish, 
 Gor-ndnyet ndtun, His lance is blunt. 
 
 lur-Usu M ngutujore, There are many people in your land. 
 Ngotc-ndsu ko ngudjih pudk or fudk, Your mother has ten children. 
 TJiiinjct-Usc (diqijiet-ndse) dtuan, Their maid-servant is dead. Dufyet-Use 
 
 (jhhfyet-ndse). 
 Sohnro-hoe yungue jore, My hens lay many eggs, 
 Kiirin-l-Hiwic Icwnlcwasa, Thy name will be praised. 
 Kijnhkdnyet alosol-, His cows are lean. 
 
 Lnngnsirik-lcasn {kiasirik-kasu) iemejth, Your brothers (your sisters) are big. 
 Ngn ijiJc-kase alokong, Their children are intelligent, 
 
 30. 
 
 Slight exceptions to the use of the foregoing suffixes are the words ha 
 {hihay father, and yanggo {ngote), mother. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Singular. 
 ha (haha), my I 
 
 mu'ngi, thy 
 
 monye, his (her) I father. 
 
 hd-Vikang (bahd-Iikaug), our 
 mu'ngi-Iosu, your 
 monye-Iose, their 
 yanggo (ngoie-nio), my 
 nguti, thy 
 
 ngote, his (her) ( mother, 
 
 yanggo-kang, our 
 nguti-kasu, your 
 ngote-kase, their 
 
 Plural. 
 kobaha-kang, our 
 
 komiCngi-kasu, your > father, 
 
 kouionye-kase, their 
 koyanggo-kang, our 
 
 ko'nguti-kasii, your > mother. 
 
 ko ngote-kase, their 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. ] 5 
 
 Note. — The suffix can also be omitted iu hingaser-ilof (thy brother), when 
 the word must be pronounced lungosur. 
 
 Note 1. — Ba (baha) means the nearest to the natural father, and requires 
 therefore no suffix when the speaker is speaking of his father, although one 
 can also use hubd-lio. 
 
 31. 
 (b) Independent Possessive Pronouns. 
 
 The above suffixes may also be used as independent possessives, sometimes 
 without, but mostly with the preceding verb " a." 
 
 Rule. 
 
 The Possessive must agree in gender and number with the relative 
 substantive. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Nielo diqji/et (or dufyet) a lio, a Hot, a lonyet (16'ngit), a likmig, n ISsu, a lose, 
 This slave is mine, thine, his, hers, etc. 
 
 Niena wuret a nio, a inot, ndmjet (nd'ngit), etc., This book is mine, thine, 
 his, etc. 
 
 Sine ling a Icice, All this is mine. 
 
 Nan (masc.) Hot (a Hot), nan (fem.) inot (a inot), I am thine. 
 
 32. 
 
 (3) Demonstrative Pronouns. 
 
 simple. 
 
 lo, f. na, Plur. silo (Iculo), f. sine (kune), this, these, etc. 
 Ik, f. nu, Plur. silu (Iculu), f. sinu (kiinu), that, those. 
 
 Note. — Of the four singular forms only '^lo" is used as a demonstrative 
 and then appears as a pretix. Ex. : / lolor ki aduor. To-day (on this day) 
 the sky is cloudy. 
 
 More often these forms are used as personal pronouns, and 16 (f. no) to 
 indicate gender in adjectives. 
 
 Rule. 
 
 A Demonstrative Pronoun in conjunction with a substantive must 
 precede the nominative in principal sentences ; in subordinate and dependent 
 sentences, in the oblique case, it may also come after. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Silo (knlo) kolipinbk Mkiia, ama sine {kune) tcdte gwogwon kanri, These boys 
 work, but these girls are idle. 
 
 Silu (IchIu) lian ko goro, sinn (Jiimu) ngndjik ko sapya (or safi/a) ti piom (or 
 fiom), Those men carry lances, those girls water-pots. 
 
16 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 33. 
 
 COMPOUND. 
 
 Nielo, f. nirna, Plur. silonl (kuJoni), f. f<ineni (kuneni), this here, etc. 
 
 Luyu (Jii-ijii), f. nviju {mi-yu), Plur. silu-yu (kuhi-yu), f. sinu-yu (kihiii-yu), that 
 there, etc. 
 
 Niihi (niyhi), i. nUnu (niynu), Plur. sih( (knJu), f. sinu (Jninu), the same 
 who or which. 
 
 Rule 32 is also applied here. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Nielo lalet alohut nienn naJcioan andnni, This man is good, this woman is 
 bad. 
 
 Siloni (Jiidoni) Icimdh l-alidiujoh 1.6 nguiu ling, These chiefs are friendly to 
 everyone. 
 
 Sineni (kiineni) liodyji yeyema Jco Jor >n hudok hot, In eight days these girls 
 will be married. 
 
 Nan nmoJc silu-yu somot ling ho yeje, I have caught all those fish with the 
 net. 
 
 34. 
 (4) Relative Pronouns. 
 
 The Relative Pronoun is similar to the Demonstrative and of frequent 
 repetition, especially in the accusative case. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 Masc. lo (lu) ; lo . . . . lo, se [silo, luilo); lo (se) .... lido, 
 
 Fem. na (hh) ; na .... na, se (sine, Jiune) ; na .... kune. 
 
 Rule. 
 The double forms lo . . . lo, na . . na are used only in the accusati^'e 
 singular, but in the plural lo (se) . . . lado also in the nominative. In both 
 cases the first part forms the beginning, and the second the end of the 
 relative sentence. 
 
 Examples. 
 Dyet, na apo (or afo) ni, Jciaser-nio, The girl who has come here is my sister. 
 Lele kaia Icasu l-iden, 16 ti den fa lo, There is one amongst you whom you 
 do not know. 
 
 Yi dedeh taJcin nguiu, lo asunundye yi l-nJo, We wish to take an answer to 
 those who sent us. 
 
 TaJcifa,^ Ahilu, na amet, na aying ta l-une, Tell Abdu what you have seen 
 and heard. 
 
 Kune ling, na nydr ta hine. All that you want. 
 
 Note. — The neut. plur. is always expressed in Bari by the genit. fem. 
 
 35. 
 
 (5) Interrogative Pronouns. 
 1. Nga (ngd), who? Plural, ko'ngd (JciVnga), common gender. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 17 
 
 Rule. 
 
 These forms are used at the beginning of a sentence — 
 
 (1) when they are in the nominative case ; 
 
 (2) when " a " is not used as a verb. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Ngun a ngd ? Who is God 1 
 Ngd tu ngerot f Who is going in advance ? 
 KS'nga nguiu akorju f Who (which people) has ploughed ? 
 Yeijeji hum, amjdn do deden, do at'm gor ngd. Reflect well, so that you 
 may remember to whom you gave the spear. 
 
 The Genitive and Dative are mostly expressed by the forms Wnga (m.), 
 7u'nga (f.) and (plur.) ti'nga ^ (com. gen.), with the verbal prefix " a," and are 
 placed at the end of the sentence. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Nielo IcosS aWnga f To whum does this tobacco-pouch belong 1 
 Wuret ani'nga f Whose is this book? 
 Wurefji ati'nga ? Whose books are these 1 
 Note 1. — From 16 nga, ti nga. 
 
 2. Ngdlo, f. ngdna, plur. ko'ngdlo (ku'ngdlo), f. Jco'ngdna (ku'ngdna), which. 
 KoTE. — The Plural can also be pronounced M'nga (hVnga), com. gen., and 
 
 is placed in the sentence as the above. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Ngdlo looivongon f Who is screaming ? 
 
 Lu woicongon a ngdlo f Ngdna apt, or afof {Na apo, or afo, a ngdna?) 
 
 Who has come 1 
 Ko'ngdlo lian i ko f Which men are at the war 1 
 Ku'ngdna ngutn gioegiceja snpya f Which women make pitchers 1 
 
 3. Ngyo (i'ngi/o), what 1 stands always at the end of the sentence. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Nan akondya ngyo / What have I done ? 
 Do dek ngyo {pngyo) ? What do you want? 
 Do a'ngesu i'ngyo 1 What have you eaten ? 
 L'uaiin do ngyo f What has he given you 1 
 
 4. The Interrogative What sort of 1 is expressed by the following short 
 forms — Ion, f. ndn, plur. killon, f. kihiun.^ 
 
 Note. — Ngdlo, ngdna, etc., can also be used. 
 
 Note 1. — L6n = l6-nga ; ndn = nd-nga ; Iddon = kido nga ; kihw.i = knne-nga. 
 
18 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 Rule. 
 L6n, vein, etc. stand at the beginning of a sentence when the verb " a " 
 is not specially expressed ; in this case a nan stands at the end of the 
 sentence. The same rule applies to l-o'iiga (c.) and Jco'ngcma. 
 
 Examples, 
 
 Lou nielo nguro ? What sort of boy is he 1 Nan niena ngiiro f What 
 kind of girl is she 1 It is also correct to say : Nielo nguro a ngdlo f Niena 
 nguro a nan f 
 
 Kidon silo ngucijih ? What sort of boys are they? Kunon sine ngiiajik ? 
 What sort of girls are they ? or Sih) ngunjik konga f Sine nguajik konga 
 (ko'ngana) ? 
 
 Note. — If nan is used with a substantive and preposition in conjunction, 
 it must be placed after both of them. 
 
 Ex. : I pirit, or firit, nan do gwogwon ? Where (in which place) do you 
 live ? 
 
 I dingit nan do atadue f When were you born 'I 
 
 5. Why ? is expressed in Bari by ngyo ? (V. under 6). 
 
 Ex. : Do reronya ngyo f Why do you lie 1 Ngun ogweja ngufu ngyo ? 
 Why has God created man 1 
 
 6. The interrogatives With which, Whereby, How, Wherein, are expressed 
 by ko ngyo f and have the same position in the sentence as " ngyo." 
 
 Ex. : Komyru momok ngutu ko ngyo f Ko kutuk. How (with what) does 
 the lion take hold of a man ? With his jaw. 
 
 Kodini alobui do dedcn ko ngyo? Ko konyen. How do you know a good 
 tree 1 By its fruit. 
 
 36. 
 (6) Indefinite Pronouns. 
 
 Lele, fem. nene, plur. kulye, fem. kunye, corresponds somewhat to the 
 Latin unus et alter. 
 
 Ex. : lele hot lele, fem. nene hot nene, one after the other. 
 
 Kulye kdlipinok doggu lipolcn, or lifolon, Imlye doggu woro, Some lads 
 carry bricks, others dung. 
 
 For "another" or "other," used alone, lege (lege), plur. legelok (c). 
 
 Ex. : ko d(k tolyen nd monye lege (also lele), Thou shalt not covet 
 another's goods. 
 
 Nobody, No one, is expressed by lele, geleng (a single one), ngutu (man), 
 and the negative " an." 
 
 Examples. 
 
 An-geleng (c.) not one, no one. 
 
 An-geleng losu pipi, or ffi, nan : do tu da i Not one of you ask me : where 
 are you going ? 
 
 Lrle-an, fem. nene-au, plur. kulye-an, fem. knnye-an, nobody, no one, not 
 anybody. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 19 
 
 Bain-lele, fern, ba'in-iiene, plur. hnni-Jculije, fern, bd'm Icunyc, no one, not 
 one. 
 
 Both, murelc (murSh'). Ex. : yi, ta, se miireke, we, you, they both. 
 
 Some, a few, hulyc, fern, kunye. 
 
 Many, lodir. In the singular and in conjunction with substantives 
 ''jore " is generally used. 
 
 All, ling. 
 
 All, the whole, ling. 
 
 Some, any, a little, ngo. 
 
 Nothing, an, a'in, hain. 
 
 Note. — Ngutu-an is used as well as lele-au. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 37. 
 
 The Verb. 
 The Verbs in Bari may be divided into ten classes. 
 
 I. Verbs with a primitive root ending in a vowel. Hx. : me, to drive ; 
 mo, to beg ; po or /o, to come. 
 
 II. Verbs with a primitive root ending in a consonant. Ex. : kor, to 
 divide, share ; kut, to blow ; lok, to bind, tie. 
 
 III. Two or more syllable verbs ending in " a." Ex. : kokoya, to steal ; 
 pipiuga or fifiuga, to whistle ; kita, to work. 
 
 IV. Two or more syllable verbs ending in " e." Ex. : dimie, to be 
 sad ; rie, to find ; morokindye, to thank. 
 
 V. Two or more syllable verbs ending in " «." Ex. : hdngori, to forget ; 
 jusken, to scratch, itch ; kukudi, to tickle. 
 
 VI. Two or more syllable verbs ending in " o," Ex.: doto, to sleep; 
 logo, to strengthen ; wereyo, to ooze. 
 
 VII. Two or more syllable verbs ending in " o." Ex. : joto, to travel ; 
 tokuorb, to announce, publish ; hulo, to be able. 
 
 VIII. Two or more syllable verbs ending in " «." Ex. : sulo, to begin, 
 commence ; gimlungedu, to tumble ; lalaju, to wash one's self. 
 
 IX. Two or more syllable verbs ending in a consonant. Ex. : gwalak, 
 to break ; dulan, to flow ; mohur, to stink. 
 
 X. Defective verbs. Ex. : agi, to be compelled, forced, muf:t ; adi, to 
 have said ; kata, to have. 
 
 All examples of the first nine classes are in the infinitive, 
 
 c 2 
 
20 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 38. 
 
 The Tenses. 
 
 The formation of the tense.s in Bari is extremely sim})le. The simple 
 tenses express an action still unfinished at the epoch in question, and the 
 compound show that the action is finished at the time alluded to, and 
 already done. 
 
 The perfect is formed by the root (infinitive) and the pi'e.sent by 
 reduplication. 
 
 If the perfect be specially indicated as a pure form of the past it must be 
 preceded by the substantive verb " o." 
 
 In the present reduplication is only of importance when a real continu- 
 ance mentioned by the verb be indicated and especially of the verbs of the 
 III.-IX. Classes. Ex. : nan ngesu, I eat; if I wish ti. say that I am sitting 
 eating and will continue to eat, then I must make use of the form nge'ngesit. 
 With one-syllable roots (Classes I. and II.), either the reduplication is used, 
 or where there is an enlarged compound root present the word " wiir," to write, 
 or " Jcon," to make, or the enlarged root of the latter, "kondi/a." I can also 
 say nan icuwur, I am writing ; nan Jcokon or nan kondija (also Tcohondya), I 
 make, do. 
 
 From the above it follows that this form of reduplication denotes a future 
 tense and the Bari use it really as such. 
 
 If the future is to be specially indicated then the word " de " (then, later) 
 must be placed before the verb, or " moJu " (hereafter, then), after. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Nan de Mhita (nan MJcita molu), I shall work later. 
 Nge de nge'ngesu [nge nge'ngesu molu), he will eat later. 
 
 The perfect is formed by giving to the infinitive an " a " prefix, with the 
 meaning is, or has, although this form in the active has sometimes also a 
 present signification. 
 
 Ex. : nge ameran, he has got drunk, or also he is still intoxicated. 
 In the passive this form always signifies the present and preterite, as in 
 Latin amatus est, doctus est. 
 
 39. 
 Reduplication. 
 Reduplication consists in repeating the first open syllable as prefix. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Jio, to bite = Jcol-6 gicorori, to sell = girogti'drdi-i 
 
 der, to cook = deder tojore, to fill = totojorp 
 
 lung, to call = lulling (l^^jo^^-, to form = gu-iiju-eja 
 
 There are several verbs which retain reduplication not only in the present 
 but also in the perfect, imperative, pas.sive and negative. The most impor- 
 tant are : — 
 
BARI GRAMMAR 
 
 21 
 
 From Class II [. 
 
 dudutujga, to be vain, proud 
 lilima, to rain slightly 
 ooja, to swing 
 
 mamdla, to be stupid, fojlish 
 hukudija, to tickle 
 
 From Class IV. 
 
 More, to scatter 
 
 From Class VII. 
 
 iviwijo, to spin 
 lilinggd, to glaze 
 
 From Class VIII. 
 
 hahdgu, to fill, to store 
 yei/eju, to reflect, meditate 
 jiijH', to brood, to hatch 
 
 From Class IX. 
 
 lilik, to be dry 
 ririg, to mend, rejiair 
 teten, to prepare 
 
 ngo'ngolija, to beg 
 pipiuga or Ji fin ga, to whistle 
 tctemlya, to mend 
 hobolija, to make laugh 
 
 titihu, to tattoo 
 
 laldju, to wash one's self 
 
 f//v7i-, to shut close 
 lulur, to cut out round 
 
 The copulas : i/a, ye, yo, yit, no, ua, forming only one syllable, are also 
 
 reduplicative. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 iiyar, to love = nyanyar 
 
 luoJc, to free, release = luohwh 
 
 nyenin, to set (of the sun) = nyenyerun 
 
 nynmho, to choose = uyunyumbo 
 
 rynJi-, to trample under foot = ryoryuk 
 
 ludii, to die = iudtuan 
 
 40 
 
 Accent. 
 
 We have already mentioned (in Paragraph 16) that many two or more 
 syllable expressions have the same accent on each syllable ; there are also 
 many verbs similar. Ex. : togorja, to spy ; mild)), to dip, etc. 
 
 There are others having one syllable only accented. Ex, : foyiikan, to 
 make rest : fudii, to die ; tffnginu to surpass, outdo. 
 
22 BARI f4RAMMAR. 
 
 KULES. 
 
 (1) The accent of the present must be kept on the same syllable in the 
 perfect and future. 
 
 Ex. : Aio'ngun, totijngun ; atoijnhan, totoyukan. 
 Exception : tudn, aorist dtuan, future tudtuan. 
 
 (2) An unaccented verb takes sometimes by reduplication an accent, 
 and this may also fall on the reduplicative syllable. Ex. : meddya, to see ; 
 memeddya, to live. 
 
 In the perfect this accent occurs on the roots or disappears altogether. 
 Ex, : ameddya (ameddya). 
 
 41. 
 The Negation. 
 
 The Bari verb has a particular negative particle for the perfect, as well 
 as for the present. For the former ko (al-d), for the latter ti (ti). 
 
 In the perfect the negative particle is used with the prefix " a " = aM 
 
 Examples. 
 
 nan ayiip, 1 thought 
 
 nan aM yup, or yuf, I thought not 
 
 do aden, thou knewest 
 
 do alio den, thou knewest not 
 
 nge amdrbhin nan, he (she) has thanked me 
 
 nge aJco ambrbldn nan, he (she) has not thanked me 
 
 Note 1. — Respecting the accent of aho (alco), V. Paragraph 17. 
 
 In the present the particle "//" is placed before the infinitive — without 
 reduplication, except the verbs already mentioned in Paragraph 39. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 nan nge'ngcsu, I eat mugun tudtuan, the body dies 
 
 nan ti ngesti, I do not eat mololiotoyo ti tuan, the soul does not 
 
 non buhulb, I can die 
 
 nan ti bulb, I can not nan deden, I know 
 
 nan ti den, I do not know 
 
 On the other hand — "^ 
 
 lilima, it raias slightly nge yeyeju, he (she) reflects 
 
 ti lilima, it is not raining slightly nge ti yeyeju, he (she) does not reflect 
 
 Exceptions in the present are the verbs " a " and gwon (to be) when the 
 particle may be omitted and " an " used as substitute. Ex. : nge dn ni, 
 he (she) is not here ; nan ho kbbyhi Tcunye, nd gwon an i nielo goro, I have 
 other sheep, which are not of this fold. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 23 
 
 42. 
 
 The Imperative. 
 
 A. — The Affirmative. 
 
 The Imperative of all Bari verbs, with six exceptions, ends in the 
 singular in an oxytone vowel. The plural is formed by adding to the 
 singular the syllable ta (your), by which these forms become paroxytona. 
 
 For the 3rd pers. sing, and the 1st and 3rd pers. plur. must be used — 
 
 (1) either simply the Future. Ex. : nge ivmvandu, he (she) shall (will) 
 
 pray, etc. 
 
 (2) or anyan, therewith. Ex. : anyan se loaivandu, she will pray. 
 
 (3) or lastly (rare) ti, give in order that. Ex. : ngd hi suo ti nge ying, 
 
 he who hath ears let him hear. 
 
 If one wishes to make use of the Potential Imperative one must add to 
 the simple Imperative form (in the singular and plural), the root (infinitive). 
 
 Ex. : mole-mo {mol eta-mo), beg, pray (very strong), etc. 
 luoke-luok (lubMta-luok), deliver or save us, etc. 
 
 Besides the verbs given in Paragraph 39 there are some others which in 
 the Imperative admit of reduplication. 
 
 Ex. : hcoddti, collect, gather Tcwoddi or kivdkivoddi, read 
 
 43. 
 
 Verbs of Class I. 
 
 It has already been mentioned that from the root of verbs belonging to 
 this class the third radical letter (consonant) may be omitted ; then this 
 appears in the Imperative. Such consonants are j, I, n. Ex, : bi, to suck •,ju, 
 to grind ; dii, to bend ; l~e, to roast ; Jcii, to wound ; ru, to water. The 
 complete roots are hij, juj, dul, kel, Tcun, run. 
 
 All these verbs keep the full root in the Imperative, e, pi. eta, i, plur. ifa ; 
 bije, bijefa ; juje, jujeta ; dule, didefa ; Jcele, heleta ; huni, hunita ; rune, 
 runeta. 
 
 Note I. — Besides hi.ii the foil, have " i" Imperative. 
 
 gajl [gd, to defend) ngirii (ngi, to get up) 
 
 jani (jd, to vomit) p^yV or faji (jjd or fa, to lea^'e) 
 
 hiconi [Javo, to bathe) 
 Note 2. — The Imperatives of tu = to go, po = to come, are quile 
 irregular. The former is iti {itita), the latter j?o or fo (pota or fota). 
 
 Note 3. — The accent of the root passes over in the sing, always to the 
 last syllable, in the plural to the penultimate. 
 
24 BART GRAMMAR. 
 
 44. 
 
 Verbs of Class II. 
 Verbs of this class form their Imperative like those of Class I. 
 
 icur, to write = wure {loureta'). 
 
 yup or y iff to believe = yi/pe or ynfS {yupeta or yufeta).- 
 
 Icon to make = kone (Jconeia). 
 
 Remarks — ■ 
 
 a. The final root consonants h, d, g change into the corresponding p, t, h, 
 and add e (eta). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 l-oh, to catch up = kope rug, to obey = ritJce 
 
 rah, to cover = rape or rafe icid, to turn round = ivite. 
 
 hud, to get dusk, dawn = hute 
 
 h. Some ending in " n " [as son, to send ; gin (ken), to tear (not to be 
 confused with ken, to count — this is kene) ; tan, to touch] take before the 
 ''e" of the Imperative a "?/" and are then pronounced sonye, ginye {kenye), 
 tanye. The verbs Jin, to spread over, ngin, to dress, take instead of "«y" 
 the hard nasal " ng " ; thus Wnge and ngi'nge (also ngine). 
 
 c. The verbs leng, to come, in extreme cases, and to7ig, to pinch, have a 
 double Imperative form lenge or lenggi ; tonge or tonggi, to pinch. 
 
 d. The verb kioadd, to honour, takes instead of kioadde the form kicase or 
 also kwadde. 
 
 e. Gioon, to live, stay, has give (givSta). 
 
 Many verbs of this class have also the ^-Imperative, especially those 
 with vowel c. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 kot, to hurt = koti hot, to flay = hoti 
 
 mon, to wait = moni hbn, to shake = hbni 
 
 roh, to pay = rbhi kin, to close, etc. 
 kor, to disturb = kori 
 
 Note 1. — Verbs ending in " g" double the g in the Imperative. 
 
 Examples. "^ ' -- 
 
 dog, to present with = doggi mang, to accuse falsely = manggi 
 
 leng (V. above) = lenggi wang, to cost = wanggi 
 
 ton (V. above) = tonggi 
 
 Note 2. — The verb kek, to meet with, befall, softens its final sound 
 " ^ " into g = kegi. 
 
 Note 3.- — Tin, to give, forms in the Imperative ti (tita). 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 25 
 
 45. 
 
 Verbs of Class III. — ending in " a." 
 This class is, next to the II. and IX. classes, the x'ichest, and has many 
 forms foi" the Imperative — 
 
 1. Those of two syllables, mostly of a reflective or passive character, take 
 an additional " tii." 
 
 Examples. 
 haha, to be finished (to cease) sida, to sit (to be steady) = sidani 
 
 = bakani ddra, to fatigue = darani 
 
 liom, to depart angry = hoiani dula, to stoop = dulani 
 
 dana, to hide one's self = danani yema, to marry (of girls — dusi) 
 
 tela, to be conquered = telani = yemani 
 
 2. Others of two or more syllables ending in " ha," " ga," change the 
 final " a " into e {eta). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 dihha, to prepare a hearth = dibhe 
 
 buga, to be proud = huge 
 
 pipiuga or fifiiiga, to whistle = pipiuge or fifiuge 
 
 todeba, to set alight = todepe (V. 44) 
 
 piga {figa), to receive (conceive) = pige ov fige 
 
 3. Other two-syllable verbs of this kind, especially when the ha, ga is 
 preceded by a consonant, change the " a " into i. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 hongga, to look up = bonggi segga (sega), to ooze away = seggi 
 
 demba, to bewitch = demU debba, to adhere = debbi 
 
 yemba, to marry (of men) = yemU domba, to steal upon, surprise = tZom?;{ 
 
 4. Verbs ending in ha, la, ma, add in the Imperative " ne." 
 
 Examples. 
 
 yoha, to cough = yokane wdlala, to boil = loalalane 
 
 tubdka, to finish = tubakane yama, to yawn, gape = yamane 
 
 towdlala, to make boil = tcmalalane torima, to make bloody = torimane 
 
 Exception : tcala, to walk = walani. 
 
 5. Two-syllable verbs ending in " Jrt " change the " a " into e or {. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 pija {fija), to ask = pige (or fige) gwoja, to dance = gwoji 
 
 kija, to mount = kije ooja, to swing = ooji 
 
 lija, to filter = lije loja, to light (of the sun) = loji 
 
 gweja, to form = gweji 
 
26 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 6. Verbs ending in " ya " (the termination of the root) change the ya 
 into "I" it). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 doya, to look for = doi teya, to conquer = te'i 
 
 Tiokoya, to steal = hokoi wnja, to anoint = wei 
 
 roya, to scratch = roi , 
 
 7. Verbs ending in dya either change the "a " into e or the " dya " into di. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 kendya, to count = kendi 
 kondya, to make = kondi 
 kakindya, to announce = knkindye 
 hiundya, to kiss = hiiuuhje 
 domundya, to sneak, slink = domundye 
 yengundya, to come hither = yengiuidye 
 kiwundya, to go up = k'mundye 
 godya, to praise = gode 
 jotdya, to build = jofdi 
 
 8. Verbs ending in "jya " change regularly in the Imperative to "ji" 
 
 Examples. 
 
 ngerjya, to shear, shave = ngerji '"lojyn, to smell, scent = moji 
 derjya, to cook = deiji morjya, to meddle with = morji 
 
 kojya, to bite = koji 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 bijya, to suck = hije dirjya, to view, look = dirje 
 
 9. Verbs having the root syllables ending in " ara " keep this form in the 
 Impe]*ative and the verb becomes oxytone (plur. paroxytone). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 hdrara, to fetch = harard dilkara, to shove, push = dukard 
 
 gubara, to sling, throw = guhard 
 
 Exception. -• _ 
 
 toddra, to tire = todarane. 
 
 46. 
 
 Verbs of the IV. Class — ending in " e." 
 
 In this and the two following classes there are but few verbs, which form 
 their Imperative in various ways : — 
 
 (a) Some add to the root or the stem the syllable ne. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 27 
 
 Examples. 
 yitue, to come back = yifuene tojore, to fill = tojorene 
 
 hirue, to faint away = biruene Tcme, to climb = h'noene ^ 
 
 fume, to awake = furuene iule, to burn = tulnie 
 
 mele, to see = tnelene More, to scatter = tolorene 
 
 ih) Others take, instead of ne, ni. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 He, to find = rieni 
 
 rudue, to dream = rudueni 
 
 durue, to be sad = durueni 
 
 muse, to darken = museni 
 
 yungue, to bring forth young = yungueni 
 
 (c) The two verbs lupe or liife, to come out, and diirje, to milk, form in 
 the Imperative durje and lupe or lufe. 
 
 (d) Mordhindye, to thank. Imperative moroM (from morokin). 
 
 Note 1. — Instead of kiwene, l-iwe is also used, especially in conjunction 
 with JcaJc. Ex. hhce kak, get down. 
 
 47. 
 
 Verbs of the V. Class — ending in " i." 
 
 Most verbs of this class add the syllable ve to the Infinitive for the 
 Imperative. 
 
 Examples. 
 sidaki, to sit down = sidakine 
 kivenl, to laugh = kwenine 
 hugi, to get mouldy = bugine 
 kweli, to wake, watch = ktveline 
 purl or furl, to rub, scratch = purine or /urine 
 icaldji, to walk = loalajlne 
 wordji, to go away = loorojine (also looroji) 
 
 From which deviate : — 
 
 (1) Verbs of three syllables ending in " ri," which in the Imperative 
 accent the last syllable, without any further change. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 bongori, to forget = bongori 
 
 givorori, to sell = gtcdrori 
 
 icogiri, to run away, escape = loogir 
 
 (2) In the same way the oxytone gei, to use = gei. 
 
28 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 (3) The verb liidi (instead of kudya), to look, is in the Imperative Icudye. 
 
 (4) Moriri (from moti and riri), to perfume, forms in the Imperative 
 moneriri. 
 
 48. 
 Verbs op the YI. Class — ending in " o." 
 
 1. Verbs ending in gwo, Jo, Iw, no, ro, add, as a rule, ne to the Infinitive. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 togwo, to bai'ter, exchange = togwone 
 
 doro, to fall = dor one 
 
 tojo, to finish = tojone 
 
 yoko, to set free = yokone 
 
 mono, to trade in slaves = monone 
 
 todoro, to overturn = todorone 
 
 Exception. 
 
 yako, to miss the mark, yakoU 
 
 2. Verbs ending in go, lo, mo, to, take ni. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 yolo, to sing = yoloni 
 
 domo, to be sad = domoni 
 
 doto, to sleep = dotoni 
 
 donggo, to empty (reflect.) = douggoni 
 
 Exception. 
 
 togo, to strengthen = togole 
 
 49. 
 
 Verbs of the VII. Class — ending in " o." 
 
 1. Those verbs in which the final letters form the syllables yd, ko, Id, 
 no, po, ro, to, add ni to the Infinitive. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 hiryo, to play knjbnb, to be afraid 
 
 furyo, to choke, suffocate kiiro, to be ashamed 
 
 kopnko or kofiiko, to stumble gwbrd, to buy 
 
 hido, to be able lupb or hifb, to go inside 
 
 jblb, to travel ringitb, to be strong, powerful 
 
 hlrybni, lujpbni, etc. 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 io:yd, to risk, run into danger = wlyeni 
 tikb, to lean against = tikeni 
 hukbrb, to spill = hukbre 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 29 
 
 The verbs riJcoro, to chase, drive away, and tuJcnorv, to announce, to make 
 known, oxytone only the " o " at the end. 
 
 turb (from turon) to bloom, to flower = turone 
 
 2. Verbs ending in ho, go, jo (jyo) change the o into e {eia). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 dunggo, to saw = dungge mijo, to melt = inije 
 
 nymnho, to choose = iiynmhe yokijo, to order = yoJcije 
 
 toyumbo, to be charitable = toynmhe turjyo, to pvill down = inrje 
 
 Note. — Several take instead of "e" an oxytone o. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 whvijd, to spin >'«.V0, to answer 
 
 durjyo, to grow lilinggd, to glaze 
 
 mugo, to cover 
 
 3, Verbs ending in dyo change the b into e. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 gwdrundyo, to buy = gwijrimdye 
 
 Tibpundyd or Tidfundyo, to follow = kdjjiindye or lofundye 
 
 Note. — Niddyb, to forge, and Juruddyb, to sink, take instead of the "e" 
 an accented o. 
 
 50. 
 
 Verbs op the VIII. Class — ending in " »." 
 
 1. The numerous verbs of this class ending in hu, du, gii, ju, jyu form 
 the Imperative by changing the " u " (yu) into " /." 
 
 Examples. 
 
 jamhu, to talk = jamhi sarjyii, to direct, judge = sarji 
 
 hegu, to ram into = hegi nybmbddu, to accompany = nybiiibddi 
 
 soju, to spear, pierce = soji 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 loorju, to lose or shave the hair = wore 
 
 juju, to forbid, prohibit = jiijnne 
 
 dudu, to turn head over heels = dudule 
 
 ngudu, to wrap up = nguduJe 
 
 gogu, to hold up = goke (from the root goh) 
 
 rembu, to kill = reiiie (from root rem) 
 
 tuddraju, to tire by hunting = tudarane 
 
 2. Bupu or rufu, to lurch, lurk, is rupuni or rnfuni in Imperative ; hum, 
 to repent, regret = bunini ; duru, to be sad = dunuii 
 
 3. Sidu, to commence ^ sulune. 
 
30 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 4. Yoyu, to sing, takes its Imperative from yoJo, thus ijoJoni. 
 
 moyu, to beg = mole (from mo) pui/u or /«?/«, to rub = imyune or 
 
 yoyu, to \dsit = yoi fuyime 
 
 peyii or feyu, to bake = peJe or /('/(^ 'f'^«) to hatch = io'i or tale 
 
 (from the simple obsolete root j^t'/) ivayu, to be dreadful = ivai' 
 
 5. To/?* (shortened from to-tiian) to kill = tutune. 
 
 51. 
 
 Yeebs of the IX. Class. 
 
 This class contains the most verbs. The Imperative is formed as 
 follows : — ■ 
 
 1. Verbs with the suffix kin discard without exception the final letter 
 "n" and accent the final " /." 
 
 Examples. 
 
 (japdhiii or gafdkin, to burden someone = gapaJci or gafaTci 
 takin, to tell something to someone = toki 
 jakin, to fetch something = jaki 
 btmyekin, to seize someone = hunyeki 
 
 2. Verbs ending in " un " discard likewise the " « " and accent the 
 final " u." 
 
 Examples. 
 biun, to kiss = hiu <jukun, to invite = guku 
 
 suun, to spear = sim 
 
 Exceptions. 
 lungun, to call hither = lungi totun, to blunt = totu'nge 
 
 tohunun, to use withcraft = fohini 
 
 3. Verbs ending in an, with one exception, discard this syllable and 
 take e. 
 
 Examples, 
 gwodan, to stay = givode dulan, to flow = dule 
 
 yiiran, to mourn = yure roman, to welcome = rome 
 
 husan, to be just = base 
 
 Exception, 
 
 tndn (tudtuan), to die = tuane (tuatuani) 
 
 i. Most verbs of this class form the Imperative by adding the suflix e, 
 
 as :- 
 
 gwalak, to break to pieces = gicalake karut, to exchange = karute 
 
 beleng, to break = belenge 
 
BART GRAMMAR. 31 
 
 Only Jcuiiy.ir, to attend, to pay attention, has besides Immjare, also 
 kumjar. 
 
 (a) Many final consonants become hard (V. Parag. 44). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 ririij, to mend = rirllie 
 
 kalah, to embrace, hug = Jcalape 
 
 kar((h, to take under the wing, to protect = haraj^e 
 
 (b) Some insert, before the e, the short vowel y ; others g (V. Parag. 44). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 keren, to tear = kerenye 
 foron, to run somebody down = toronye 
 ktvelen, to be beautiful = kwelenge 
 rokon, to skin = rokonge 
 
 (c) Two verbs discard a vowel in the middle. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 my en, to feel pain = mine ngien, to stand up = ngine 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 ((/) yulen, to be discontented = ytthj. 
 huron, to rot = hure 
 dirbn, to drown = dire 
 rumon, to roar = rumoni 
 wokon, to run off = ivoki 
 
 (b) lit, to fish with the line, forms itii (from itun) 
 
 (c) lulur, to cut in a circle ; hwk, to release ; iukor, to spoil ; hdiong, to 
 
 rejoice, are hiluri, luoki, etc. 
 poin or fom, to sit down = poi or foi 
 mobxr, to stink = monehur 
 icongon, to lament = ivongc 
 
 52. 
 
 B. — The Negative Imperative. 
 
 The Bari Negative Imperative is formed similarly to the Italian. The 
 singular adds the particle ko {ku) to the infinitive ; and the plural also the 
 suffix ta (you). 
 
 The following are examples from each class : — 
 
 I. Bi, to suck ; ko hi {ko bita), do not suck. 
 
 II. Sar, to judge ; ko (/m) sar, ko (ku) sarta, do not judge. 
 
 III. Ddra, to tire ; ko (/f») ddra, ko (kii) ddrafa, do not tire yourself. 
 
 IV. Kiioe, to go up ; ko kiwe (Jco kiwcta), do not go up. 
 
 V. Ddiidji, to run away ; Ay; (ku) dnndji, ko (/c«) dnndjita, do not run 
 away. 
 
32 
 
 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 VI. Doro, to fall, Jco flora (Jco dorota), do not fall. 
 VII. BuJidro, to spill, Jio hukoro, Jco (hulwrdta), do not spill. 
 VIII. Ngesu, to eat ; Jco n'gesu (Jco ngesuta), do not eat. 
 
 IX. BurdnoJcin, to betray ; Jco hurbnoJcin (Jco hnrdndJcinta), do not betray. 
 
 Note. — From these examples it is to be seen that the accent of the 
 infinitive never changes. 
 
 The Negative Imperative of the 3rd pers. sing, and plur. is expressed 
 either by " on," or by the negative future. V. Parag. 41. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 tdwyli, J6m on yuran on Jcujiino, Let not your heart l^e sad nor afraid. 
 16 ti Jcita, ti ngesu, He who does not work shall not eat. 
 
 Note. — The Passive Imperative is formed in the same way. 
 
 53. 
 
 Verbs which take " ko " and " ku." 
 
 In Bari there ai'e several verbs which are preceded by "Jen" in the 
 Imperative instead of " Jco." The most important are : — 
 
 From Class I. 
 
 ta, to say, to talk 
 ngd, to open • 
 
 From Class II. 
 
 lam, to insult 
 
 sar, to judge, direct 
 
 laJc, to free, to loosen 
 
 man, to hate 
 
 mang, to accuse falsely 
 
 mon, to wait 
 
 From Class III. 
 
 hdrara, to fetch 
 (Idra, to fatigue 
 Jcarapa, or Jcarafa, to hatch 
 
 From Class IV. 
 moroJcindye 
 
 From Class V. 
 
 hongori, to forget 
 dandji, to run away 
 icoroji, to go away 
 
 jd, to vomit 
 
 pd or fa, to leave 
 
 tan, to touch 
 
 wang, to cost 
 
 Jcor, to destroy 
 
 Jcot, to hurt 
 
 Jcwo, to bathe 
 
 nang, to box on the ear 
 
 mamdla, to be foolish 
 lOdJa, to walk 
 wdlala, to boil 
 
 waldji, to walk 
 ratdji, to fly 
 gworori, to sell 
 
BARI GRAMMAR, 
 
 33 
 
 From Class VT. 
 doro, to fall 
 
 From Class VII. 
 
 mord, to quarrel, dispute 
 
 From Class VIII. 
 
 barandu, to flood, to overflow 
 
 saju, to undress 
 
 yoyu, to visit 
 
 kamhu, to row 
 
 Tcwbddu, to i^iek up, to gather 
 
 moju, to drink 
 
 From Class IX. 
 
 saraJcin, to leave behind 
 
 gapdkin, or gafdkin, to lay on 
 
 gwalak, to break 
 
 gicdrokin, to purchase for someone 
 
 jaktn, to bring 
 
 kolokin, to leave, to allow 
 
 lo^mk, or Jofuk, to turn, to turn back 
 
 nydmord, to accompany 
 
 mondii, to wait 
 nogu, to suck 
 nyomoddu, to accompany 
 o(W«, to slaughter, to kill 
 waddu, to swim 
 
 ZmoA;, to rescue, release 
 mbrokin, to thank someone 
 vgatdkin, to assist someone 
 ngokin, to accuse falsely 
 nym; to love 
 takin, to tell someone 
 ti'dkon, to run away 
 
 These are : — 
 
 54. 
 
 Defective Verbs (Class X. 
 
 (1). Adi, which corresponds to the Latin ait or inquit. It is only used 
 in the 3rd pers. sing, and plural of the perfect. Ex : Nge almlya add ? 
 nge adi . . . How did he (she) say it 1 he said. Yudaei arugo se adi, the 
 Jews answered and said. 
 
 (2). Agi, ought, must, to be compelled, which is used only in the present. 
 Ex.: Yi agi ivandu ngyo ? why. should we pray? Du agi nyar Junga silo, 
 se mamd)i do, you must also love those who hate you. 
 
 (3). Angyoiia, to be near, only in use in the present ; in the perfect it is 
 preceded by gwon (agwon), in the future gwogwon. 
 
 (4). Ajiori or afori {apo-ri or afo-ri), perfect of po or fo, to come, and ri = 
 a\va,j, i.e. come away, gone away. Ex. : Jnlin ko ngesu hot apori or afori, 
 the friends went away after dinner. 
 
 Note. — Sometimes the Bari uses it also in the transitive with the 
 meaning : left, fibandoned. Ex. : nan yiyitb ko yd mede, n' apori, or >»' afori, 
 nan nu, I shall return to my house that I have left. 
 
 D 
 
34 BARI GRAMMAR, 
 
 (5). Dije, to mean, only in conjunction with h), and can only be used in 
 the present, nan (do, nge) ko-dije, I (thou, he) mean. 
 
 (6). Igo, plur. igota, go away. 
 
 (7). Kata, only in the present and without reduplication, having the 
 meaning : to have, and there are. Ex. : Tirol hi fa lelya jore, the Tyrol is 
 very mountainous ; Ngun geleng Jcafa, there is only one God. 
 
 (8). Keporo or Jceforo, another form for hepoddu or Jcefoddu, to follow ; 
 only used in the present. 
 
 (9). Moriri (inon and rirt), to perfume ; only used in the 3rd pers. sing, 
 and plur. 
 
 (10). Tiben, is only applied to the present ; the other moods and tenses 
 are taken fi'om dele (ii dek), nyar {ti nyar), or, he ti he, all three meaning to 
 ■will, or to wish. 
 
 55. 
 
 The Passive. 
 
 In Bari there is a Perfect Passive of all transitive verbs, and a Passive 
 form of most reflective verbs. 
 
 All Passive verbs, with six exceptions, end in one of the following vowels : 
 a (many), e (rare), /, o, 6, or u. 
 
 Examples. 
 he, to wish pass, hela todinihin, to teach pass, todinihi 
 
 ho, to bite ,, Icoa ho, to touch ,, holo 
 
 Tcon, to make ,, Tcona gwnt, to beat ,, gwuto 
 
 di(, to bring ,, diUc lungun, to call ,, hmgu 
 
 These forms are really all Past Participles, are very seldom used alone 
 and then only as Infinitive or Imperative. 
 
 As the formation of the Passive is of special importance we give herewith 
 the various forms of verbs belonging to each class. 
 
 56. 
 
 Vekbs of Class I. 
 
 1. Roots having the third radical letter (hidden) "/": the Z nmst 
 appear each time and take as characteristic of the Passive one of the 
 vowels a, e, o, or 6 as suffix. The most important of these verbs are — 
 
 (a) With the suffix a. 
 
 he (bel), to wish pass. heJa yd (yal), to move pass. yiJa 
 
 do (dol), to seek ,, dola ri {riJ), to burst into pieces „ rila 
 
 de (del), to hide ,, dela 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 35 
 
 (b) With the suffix e. 
 
 du (did), to bend, pass. duJe 
 
 (c) With the suffix o. 
 
 ho (hoi), to touch pass, holo to (tol), to strangle pass, iolo 
 
 mo (mol) to beg ,, molo he (kel), to roast ,, helo 
 
 (d) With the suffix o. 
 
 til [tul), to bore pass, tido ju (jid), to ring pass, julo 
 
 2. Where the third radical letter is " n," and never visible, the syllable 
 ya is added to the root-vowels a, e, i, and yii, and to the root-vowel u. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 td {tail), to tell pass, taya pi or fi (pin or Jin) to ask pass, piya 
 se (sen), to wipe ,, seya ov fiya (or also, pia or fia) 
 
 tine (men), to drive „ meya hu (hm), to wound pass, l-tiyu 
 
 ru (run), to water „ rnyu 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 (1) The verbs sd (san), to undress, and ngd (ngan), to open, retain these 
 forms instead of saya and ngaya. 
 
 (2) pe or fe (pen or fen), to shoot, pass, pea or fea (instead of pcya or 
 
 (3) gwi (gwin), to name, pass, gicio ; ri (rin), to make straight, pass. riii. 
 
 3. Verbs with the hidden radical " n," and the root-vowel o, take an 
 additional a. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 gw6 (gwoii), to stamp, pass, gwoa 16 (Ion), to dry, pass. 16a 
 
 Exception : s6 (son), to prick, sting, pass. sue. 
 
 4. If the third invisible radical letter be a "y," it is replaced by the 
 syllable " ya" 
 
 Examples. 
 gd (gaj), to defend pass, gay a 
 
 pd or fd (paj or faj), to leave ,, paya or faya 
 hi (hij), to suck „ hiya (also hia) 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 jii (Jitj), pass. Jito, to grind mi (^mij), to melt, pass, mid 
 
 57. 
 
 Yerbs op Class II. 
 1. Many of these verbs form the Imperative by adding an "a" to 
 the root. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 
 
 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 h tic, to bury pass, hoha yur, to set on fire pass, yura 
 
 der, to cook „ flera wang, to cost ,, wangn 
 
 Note 1. — The observations made in Paragraph 44, a and h, apply 
 also hei'e. Ex. : 
 
 rab, to cover pass, rdpa gin, to tear pass, ginya 
 
 rob, to pay „ ropa tan, to move, to touch ,, tanya 
 
 dog, to present with ,, doka 
 
 Note 2. — Got, to sharpen, point, pass, gotta ; kivadd, to honour, pass. 
 Icivaca. 
 
 2. The following roots take the vowel o as suffix. 
 
 hon, to shake, tremble 
 
 bot, to skin, flay 
 
 bilk, to pour 
 
 hut (gwut), to beat 
 
 gor, to cross 
 
 yik, to fill up, stufi" 
 
 yuk, to make wind 
 
 yujj or yuf, to believe 
 
 pass, bono 
 
 jtk, to lead, guide 
 
 „ boto 
 
 kit, to cut up, to comb 
 
 ,, btlko 
 
 kor, to squander, spend 
 
 „ bu'.o 
 
 kot, to hurt 
 
 „ goro 
 
 mon, to wait 
 
 „ yiko 
 
 muk, to cover 
 
 „ ijuko 
 
 pik or fik, to lead 
 
 „ yiipo or 
 
 
 ^jufo 
 
 tur, to pull down, to fall in 
 
 
 ^c^lr, to write 
 
 pass. Jiko 
 „ kit 6 
 ,, koro 
 „ koto 
 „ mono 
 ,, imikd 
 ,, piko 
 or fiko 
 „ turd 
 
 The verbs Zi?i, to smear, rug, to obey, «o;W, to turn round, according to 
 Paragraph 44 become li'ngd, ruko, witb. 
 
 3. The followinur take o instead of a or 6. 
 
 pass. 
 
 belt, to beat 
 
 dong, to drive away 
 
 gok, to hold up, to stop ,; 
 
 mor, to mock , 
 
 4. 
 son to send pass 
 
 jon, to bring ,, 
 
 kin, to shut, block up „ 
 Ink, to draw, drag „ 
 
 beko 
 dongo 
 goko 
 moro 
 
 sonyo 
 jue 
 kinu 
 luku 
 
 pot or fot, to clean pass. 2>oto or foto 
 rot, to strip 
 tok, to knock 
 iDor, to scrape 
 
 hmg, to call 
 ngin, to dress 
 tin, to give 
 
 pass. 
 
 roto 
 „ toko 
 ,, woro 
 
 lungu 
 
 ngi'nga 
 
 ti (like the imper.) 
 
 58. 
 
 Verbs of Class III. "*" 
 
 1. The two-syllable verbs of this class are partly true Passive, or have as 
 reflectives a Passive form. Ex. : 
 
 yema, to marry (of women) is the Passive of yemba, to marry (of men). 
 ddra, to fatigue, to be tired, is the Passive of the simple obsolete root ddr. 
 
 2. Verbs enlarged by dya, ji/n (j'a) or ga, form the Passive mostly from 
 the simple root. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. ' 37 
 
 Examples. 
 
 hen-(hja, to count pass, hena pi-ja or Ji-ja, to ask pass. jj{(t ov fin 
 
 hon-dya, to make ,, Mna (piya or fiya) 
 
 kut-(lj/a, to blow „ kuta be-Ja or fe-ja, to shoot ,, pea or fen 
 
 der-Jya, to cook ,, dera pong-ga, to look up ,, bonga 
 
 dir-Jya, to view ,, dira y^ngga, to hear ,, yinga 
 
 Exceptions : Jct-dya, pass, jotda, to build. 
 
 3. Verbs ending in the syllable ba, preceded by " Hi," lose the " b " in the 
 Passive form. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 yemha, to marry pass, yema doiiiba, to surprise pass, domi 
 
 demba, to bewitch ,, dema 
 
 If the "5" is preceded by a vowel it is changed into "p.'' 
 Ex. : deba, to bring up, pass, depa (V. Par. 44). 
 
 Double b (bb) becomes p or /. 
 
 Ex. : dibba, to prepare a hearth, pass, dijja or difa. 
 
 4. The three-syllable themat i ending in a a add Ji and become paroxytone. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 bdrara, to fetch pass, bararaji 
 
 dukara, to shove, push ,, dukardji 
 gi'tbara, to sling, throw ,, gubardji 
 
 5. 9odya, to praise pass, gota 
 yega, to bring ,, yeka 
 rondya, to strip off leaves ,, ronya 
 
 Respecting gota and yeka Y. Pa rag. 44, a. 
 
 6. The following are quite irregular : — 
 
 ynka, to spit out pass, ydkaki 
 
 tnbdka, to end, finish ,, tnhakald 
 Judy a, to interpret ,, ludyaki 
 
 59. 
 
 Yerbs of Class IY. 
 
 This class consists of scarcely more than twenty verbs, most of which are 
 intransitive and without a Passive. 
 
38 ■ BAR! GRAMMAR. 
 
 The following tive are exceptions : — 
 
 1. durje, to milk pass, duro 4. mele, to see pass, met a 
 
 2. J {e, to find ,, He [riye) 5 fotore, to scatter ,, totoreya 
 
 3. tojSre, to till ,, tojorc (tojoi u) 
 
 60. 
 
 Verbs of Class Y. 
 
 This class embraces several reflective verbs without a Passive form, and 
 a few which when they have a Passive are formed as follows : — 
 
 1. Gei, to use, pass. geJdri. 
 
 2. Topuri or tofuri, to make smoke, pass, topuryo or tofn.yd. 
 
 3. Kudi, to look, pass. Jcudild. 
 
 i. Bdngori, to forget ; gicoro, i, to sell ; icdyiri, to cany away, take the 
 suffix hin : hdnydrikin, gwdroiihin, etc. (Compare Paragraphs 55 and 64.) 
 
 61. 
 
 Verbs of Class VI. 
 
 1. The verbs todow, to fall, yolo, to sing, and tojo, to finish, keep this 
 fox'm, but as paroxytona, also in the Passive, tojo, yolo, todoro. 
 
 2. Mono, to trade in slaves, and horo, to smear the ground with clay, 
 form tiionya and horya. 
 
 3. Togo (Jogo), to make strong, harden, pass, togolo ; y((lo, to miss the 
 mark, yakolo. 
 
 4. Togico, to deceive, pass, togiva ; yoho, to set free, yuTcue. 
 
 62. 
 
 Verbs of Class VIT. 
 
 1. We have already seen fin Paragraphs 56 and 57) that several verbs of 
 Classes I. and II. have the Passive termination o. If these occur again as 
 enlarged roots, they form as a rule their Passive according to the simple 
 root. — - ^ 
 
 Examples. 
 
 iiii-jd, to melt pass, viio nid-dyo, to forge pass, nito 
 
 dung-go, to saw, to cut ,, dungo wlwi-jo, to spin- ,, whvid 
 
 The following may also be counted as belonging to this class : — 
 
 mugo (imiJc-go), to cover pass, riti'il-o nyum-bo, to choose pass, nynmo 
 
 rugo (ruJi-go), to answer ,, iiiukd 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 39 
 
 2. In the same way roots having a double enlargement take the Passive 
 from the first suthx. Ex. : gtvor-mi-dyd, to buy, pass, givorue (from gwor-uri). 
 
 3. Some verbs have the same form in the Passive. Ex. : bukdro, to spill, 
 pass, bukdro, etc. ; lUinggd, to glaze ; toyimdno, to saturate ; iofuryo, to 
 make, choke, etc. 
 
 4. Others ending in oro change the syllable ro into jL Ex. : ni/dnwrd, 
 to accompany, pass, nyombji; tukudro, to announce, iukuoji. The Passive 
 is oxytone. 
 
 63. 
 
 Verbs of Class VIII. 
 
 1. Verbs of this class also form their Passive mostly from the simple 
 root. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 bon-du, to move pass, bono (J<^'''-jff-> to cross j^ass. goro 
 
 so-ju, to spear ,, sue ^o-yu, to sing „ yolo 
 
 gom-bn, to enclose ,, gomo 
 
 2. The verbs Jambu, to talk, and kambu, to row, form jama and kama, 
 whilst rembu, to kill, pass. = remo, to distinguish from remba, to build, 
 pass. rema. 
 
 barindu, to spear, shave 
 suhi, to begin 
 
 pass, barinu 
 ,, sulua 
 
 yuddu, to bring up, nourish 
 yugu, to guard 
 kur-Ju, to cultivate 
 
 „ yilfu 
 „ yuJcu 
 ,, knru 
 
 kiooddu, to gather 
 
 „ kwoto 
 
 laldju, to wash one's self 
 
 ,, Jala 
 
 moju, to drink 
 
 ,, mala 
 
 iumaddu, to water 
 
 „ tumdta 
 
 ngudu, to wrap up 
 
 ,, ngi'ulula 
 
 nydmoddu, to accompany 
 oddu, to kill 
 
 ,, nyomdji 
 
 ., old 
 
 rupii or rufu, to lurk 
 tltihu, to tattoo 
 totu, to kill 
 
 ,, rupu or rufu 
 ,, titipu or ///^/'l^ 
 
 uju (wuju), to take 
 
 „ ?^?/M iiouyu) 
 
 64. 
 
 
 Verbs op Class IX. 
 
 1. A great many verbs ending in "kin" simply drop the final consonant 
 " n" in the Passive without chanijiuo; the accent. 
 
40 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 hurondkhi, to betray someone pass. hurdiidJd 
 
 sapaTiin or safakin, to sink something ,, sajxiJci or safahl 
 
 gwdrokin, to buy something for some one ,, gxcoroki 
 
 takin, to tell someone ,, tnki. 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 Likin, to lose, keeps the "w." Ex.: tito likin, res perditae. 
 Piga (Jiga), to receive (conceive), j^ass. pikarikin ov fikarikin. 
 Giran, to avoid, pass, girmikin. V. 55 and 60. 
 
 2. Verbs ending in " an " change the " n " with few exceptions into " e" 
 and become proparoxytone. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 piesun or fesmi, to rob pass, pesue or fesue 
 deun, to pick „ dene 
 
 biun, to kiss ,, hiiie 
 
 sihim, to spit ,, siine 
 
 to'ngun, to surpass ,, to'ngue. 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 kSun, to bite, pass, koa (also koe) ; lungun, to call, pass, lungu. 
 
 3. Other verbs of this class add to the infinitive one of the vowels 
 a, 0, or u. 
 
 Examples. 
 (1) With "rt"— 
 
 gwalak, to break pass, gicdlaka 
 
 karut, to deceive „ karida 
 
 keren, to tear to pieces ,, kereni/a 
 
 karah, to protect ,, kdrapa 
 
 kalah, to embrace ,, kdlapa 
 
 wusuk, to press ,, musuha 
 
 ngar, to love ,, njjdra 
 
 nynkicak, to seize ,, nyukwaka 
 
 pepen or fef en, to collect ,, pepena or fefena ... .. 
 
 rerek, to chain ,, rereka 
 
 ririg, to mend ,, ririka 
 
 ryok, to ill-treat ,, ryoka 
 
 toyn, to quiet, to calm ,, toyna 
 
 fojong, to catch ,, tojonga 
 
 tolig, to cool ,, tolika 
 
 tolilik, to dry ,, tolilika 
 
 tumat, to water ,, tmndta 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 41 
 
 tojxd or iofat, to provide with or for j^ass. topota or tofota 
 iowor, to irritate ,, towora 
 
 town, to run anyone down ,, toromja 
 
 (2) With " "— 
 
 beleng, to break „ belengo 
 
 yorot, to press ,, yoroto 
 
 rokon, iodupyen, toteyOn, etc. 
 
 (3) With " "— 
 
 Jopuh or lofiiJc, to return ,, Jdpuh'6 or lofuho 
 
 lubh, to free ,, Z?<oA:d 
 
 /?7/A-, to shut, block up ,, titildj 
 
 tojurut, to sink ,, tojiiruto 
 
 topir or <q^r, to feed, fatten ,, topiro or tofiro 
 
 to: igwoh, to frighten ,, torigicokb 
 
 tulior, to spoil ,, tukoro 
 
 (ulidng, to rejoice ,, tuliongo 
 
 (4) With " M "— 
 
 Z?t?«r, to cut out round „ lultiiu 
 
 65. 
 
 The Imperative Passive. 
 
 As a rule there is no special form for this ; the participle with 
 reduplicative takes its place. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 do roromue, welcome ! (V. the passive romue, from roman, to welcome, greet) 
 do givugicilfd, literally thou wilt be beaten (V. giouto, passive of giout) 
 
 Only passive and reflective verbs which have as it were an active 
 meaning form an Imperative, by adding to the Infinitive the syllable " ni." 
 
 Examples. 
 
 yema (pass, of yemha), yemani 
 To these belong all verbs in Parag. 45, 1. 
 
 66. 
 
 The Infinitive. 
 
 Bari has an active and passive Infinitive, the former consisting of the 
 simple or enlarged root. It is enlarged principally by reduplication, which 
 can take place always in verbs belonging to Classes I. and II. and verbs of 
 Classes III. and IX. 
 
42 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Nan acji ngo'ngolija, I am compelled to beg. 
 
 Nye ti bulo JcoJcon (Jcondya, kokondya) sine, he (she) is not able to do that. 
 
 Se adek molokin (moinolokin) nan, they wished to intercede for me. 
 
 The form generally used for the Passive is the Participle Passive. 
 
 67. 
 
 A. — Active Voice. 
 
 Infinitive. 
 
 Sar (sasar), to judge. 
 
 Present. 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 nan ] yi \ 
 
 do > sasar, I judge, etc. ta > sa><ar, we judge, etc. 
 
 nge J se J 
 
 Perfect. 
 
 J asar, I iudged or I have ^ ■ ^ i ^ 
 
 ao > . 1 j^ ,° ta \ asar, we judged, etc. 
 
 nge J J » ' ■ se ] 
 
 Future. 
 
 nan \ yi \ 
 
 do > (de) sasar, I shall judge, etc. ta > (de) sasar, we will judge, etc. 
 
 nge J se J 
 
 Imperative. 
 
 save, judge (thou) sareta, judge ye or you 
 
 (anyan) nge sasar, let him (her) judge (anyan) se sasar, let them judge 
 
 68. 
 
 B. — Passive Voice. 
 
 Infinitive. ~^ 
 
 Sara (sasdra), to be judged. 
 
 Present. 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 nan \ yi ] 
 
 do > sasdra, I am judged, etc. ta j> sasdra, we are judged, etc. 
 
 nge J se J 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 43 
 
 Perfect. 
 
 nan j jji j 
 
 do \ asdra, I was judged, etc. fa > asdra, we were judged, etc. 
 
 n<je J se ] 
 
 Future. 
 
 '\[/^^ r T 1 11 1 -1 1 ±. \ \ (f^f) sasdra, we shall be judged, 
 do > (rtf) srtsa/Yf, i shall be judged, etc. ta > ^, ' j o ' 
 
 nge j se ) ^ ^" 
 
 Jo sasara, be judged ta sasdra, be ye oi* you judged 
 
 {anyan) nge sasdra, let him (her) be (anyan) se sasdra, let them be judged 
 judged 
 
 All verbs of. Class IX. are formed in the same manner as the foregning 
 example. Those which reduplicate in the present tense must also take the 
 reduplication in the perfect and imperative, and in the future the verb must 
 be preceded by de. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 nan yeyeju y^!l''P (//^^^/*^") 
 
 nan ayeyeju nan de yeyeju 
 
 Note. — The Passive Imperative is formed (like the negative Active) with 
 the particle ko (ku) ; V. 52 and 5.3. 
 
 CHAPTER Y. 
 
 69. 
 
 The Noun. 
 Gender. 
 
 Every Pari substantive is either masculine or feminine gender, or has 
 according to its nature a common gender. 
 
 The demonstrative pronoun Jo, feminine no, is used as article for the 
 singular, and ti {ti) in the plural for both genders. 
 
 It is placed immediately after the substantive, and indicates, besides the 
 gender of the noun, that the following word is in the genitive case. 
 
44 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 JHT 16 B(iri, the country of the Bari 
 kadi mi N(jun, the house of God (church) 
 (/or nd Bari, the spear of the Bari 
 ngiitu Jo Bari. the Bari native 
 nguiu ^ nd Bari, the Bari native 
 ngntu H Bari, the Bari natives 
 hilya^ ti Bari, the Bari language 
 / kann ^ ti Ngun, in the name of God 
 
 Note. — Nguiu is common gendei". 
 Karin and kulya are plural. 
 
 70. 
 
 Rules relatixg to the Gender of Sugstantives. 
 
 (1) All substantives indicating a man or the male avd of the Masculine 
 gender. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 haba, father kasdranif, judge 
 
 mandnye, mother's brother monig, little man 
 
 lungaser, brother duorJ, bull 
 
 Exception : mekur (ua), buffalo. 
 
 (2) The seasons :— 
 
 leme, the hot month ; 
 
 meling, summer (all the hot months) ; 
 
 rid, autumn ; 
 
 h'ser, the beginning of the rainy season ; 
 
 jawe, the rainy season, and when everything grows. 
 
 The remaining masculine nouns are difficult to class, and will be found in 
 the dictionary at the end of the book, where the class of each is given. 
 
 Feminine (na) are : — 
 
 (1) All substantives indicating a woman or the female. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 ngote, mother dyet, girl 
 
 kiaser, sister kiteng, cow, etc. 
 
 (2) The abstracta and nomina adionis ending in ef (or //). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 buruet (burtt), from burn, repentance 
 
 metet (from meddya), life 
 
 molet (from mo), request, entreaty 
 
 kivaset (from kicadd), re^'erence 
 
 kivelit (from kweli), the watch, vigilance 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 45 
 
 Exceptions, which are masculine, are : — 
 
 yolet (from yolo), song 
 
 ijuket (from yuJcan), breath 
 
 juJcet (h'om joJi), blow with the fist, cuff 
 
 (3) The infinitive which is used as an abstract noun. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 yulcan, to rest, and rest tudn, to die, and death 
 
 (4) Substantives which are the same in the singular and plural. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 lin, soot hioohwo, meal 
 
 ngo, something, anything, thing 
 
 (5) All plural substantives which have no singular. V. Paragraph 73. 
 
 Of Common gender are : — 
 
 (1) Many nomina agent is ending in nit. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 hayinganit (lo and na), hearer (masc. and fem.) 
 kayolomt, singer (masc. and fem.) 
 l-ajucnit, messenger 
 
 (2) Several words. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 ilnpyet or fhifyet, servant, maid-servant 
 I'engge, a male or female dwarf 
 lil'iji, an orphan 
 ngwro, child (girl or boy) 
 
 71. 
 
 Number. 
 
 There is a Singular and a Plural number, and the latter has numerous 
 forms, as in Arabic : — 
 
 I. Substantives with the plural like the singular. 
 II. Substantives with a plural and no singular. 
 III. Substantives with a singular and no plural. 
 VI. Substantives with an enlarged stem as plural. 
 V. Substantives with a shortened form for the plural. 
 VI. Substantives which have the same number of syllables in the 
 singular and plural. 
 VII. Substantives which are foi-med by the prefix " Jw." 
 VIII. Substantives forming their plural from another stem. 
 
46 
 
 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 luru, fog, vapoui' 
 Tin, soot 
 Tcwohwo, meal 
 
 72. 
 
 Class I. 
 Substantives icifh the Plural and Sirignlar alike. 
 
 kurnduet, twiu 
 
 7igo, thing 
 
 nxjutu, man, mankind 
 
 Note. — To these belong also all participles of passive and reflective verbs 
 used as substantives. Ex. : ivogirikin', slave (slaves), lit. one carried away ; 
 sdra, a criminal (or several). 
 
 73. 
 
 Class II. 
 
 Substantives icitli a Plural and no Singular. 
 
 kijwo, broth, soup 
 
 kudu, rain 
 
 kulj/a, language 
 
 kuron (kurok), ashes 
 
 liiin, soot 
 
 lotole, tall kind of grass 
 
 tint, juice, sap 
 
 gioariit, gunpowder 
 
 gwesin, colour 
 
 gworat, milk curdled 
 
 yaua, beer (merissa) 
 
 kamuldk, spittle 
 
 kapira or kafira, loin cloth 
 
 karin, name 
 
 ki, heaven 
 
 utot, matter, pus 
 
 74. 
 
 Class III. 
 
 Substantives with no Plural. 
 
 si, honey 
 
 dabor, the morning star 
 
 dekan, will, wish 
 
 dyang, famine 
 
 fafarasak, moonshine 
 
 faran, mid-day, noon 
 
 farana, peace 
 
 gice, jest, joke 
 
 gioo'ngdli, butter 
 
 yuyulue, jubilee 
 
 yidon, thunder 
 
 yure (yure), the East 
 
 jaive, rainy season 
 
 kasirokoti, evening star 
 
 kdputat or kafutat, boiled fat 
 
 kak, earth 
 
 kaureleng, ear-wax 
 
 kelun, day-break 
 
 kepot or kefot, scab, itch 
 
 kiser, rainy season 
 
 kiden, middle 
 
 kobubud, morning twilight, dawn 
 
 koriri, aftei'noon 
 
 kunyitat, brain, maiTOw 
 
 kwaset, reverence 
 
 kiij3lit, watch, vigil 
 
 leme, the hot month 
 
 lidingi, ink, blackness 
 
 lobod, the north 
 
 loki, the south 
 
 lomusukat, fist 
 
 luluet, lamentation 
 
 lutdten, the right hand 
 
 lututu, storm 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 47 
 
 maddk, evening red 
 meling, summei' 
 milyo, oath 
 myene, pain 
 Note. — To this class belong 
 
 mudu, cadaverous smell 
 7nuri, fever 
 
 rid, time of maturity, ripeness 
 tumafyan, kingdom 
 all infinitives which can be used as 
 
 substantives. Ex. : yuJcan, to rest and rest ; liongon, to rejoice and joy ; 
 lungu, to be called and call ; pepeta or fefeta, to be in order and order. 
 Exceptions : hidya, to speak, and speech, which is only used in the plural, 
 hluui ti. 
 
 75. 
 
 Class IV. 
 
 Suhstantives ivitli an enlarged Stem as Plural. 
 
 ■ Nouns of this class form their Plural by adding one of the following 
 suffixes to the stem of the singular. 
 
 a Ex. : har, stream • plur. hara 
 
 gorom, wall ,, goroma 
 
 lodek, roof ,, lodeka 
 
 Note 1. — Substantives ending in "e" preceded by I or r change the e 
 into "«/." 
 Ex. : gele, shoulder bone 
 Jcene, branch 
 hare, river 
 Note 2. — ngedeh, tongue 
 
 gwele, feast 
 e Ex. : deru, grass 
 
 muJcu, dark wood 
 Note. — Gorigdri, rainbow 
 Ex. : gor, spear, lance 
 
 goher, skin, leather 
 dop or dof, nape, neck, 
 Ex. : hibi, beetle 
 huli'u, shield 
 S'uln, wax 
 an Ex. : gvmng, cat 
 
 gwolokok, crop 
 rerekef, fetter 
 at {at) Ex. : hipenggo or h tfenggo, sack 
 kungu, knee 
 luni, hill 
 Note 1. — When the singular ends in 
 Ex. : hunggo, dress 
 hodo, mechanic 
 Note 2. — jame, conversation. 
 
 plur. gelya 
 ,, kenya 
 ,, karya. 
 
 „ ngedepa or ng defa 
 ,, gwelyat 
 ,, derue. 
 ,, mukue. 
 
 „ gorigorye (also gdrigoryet). 
 ,, goro. 
 ,, gobero. 
 „ dopo or dofo. 
 ,, bibio (bibyo). 
 „ bukuo. 
 „ subio (subyo). 
 ,, gicangan. 
 ,, gwolokokan. 
 ,, rereketan. 
 
 kappengoat or kaffengoat. 
 
 kunguat. 
 
 luruat. 
 o," the is changed into " m.' 
 plur. bonggudt. 
 „ bodudt. 
 „ jamyat. 
 
48 
 
 BARI f4RAMMAR. 
 
 en Ex. : flingit, time plur. tli)v/iten. 
 
 i/ulit, the forge ,, i/ukiten. 
 
 Tcujukit, mortar „ kujuJciten. 
 
 Note. — m'dnlfj, little man „ vidnyken. 
 
 et Ex. : nhiiri, gazelle ,, 
 
 luJcuh'di, bat ,, 
 
 hdujji or lulufi, window ,, 
 
 in Ex. : (dang, salt ,, 
 
 dmuj, bow ,, 
 
 dlong, clog „ 
 
 Note. — dudd, ox ,, 
 
 givowng, hyena ,, 
 
 on Ex. : jur, land „ 
 
 lor, day ,, 
 
 pipidit ov fifidit, drop ,, 
 
 on Ex. : digit, wolf „ 
 
 liongit, peace ,,' 
 
 tur, town ,, 
 
 ot Ex. : huduru, cord, rope ,, 
 
 ?/ofew, wood ,, 
 
 yodu, a black stone ,, 
 
 ji, Jin, hi, kin, Ex. : 
 
 saret, judgment „ 
 
 dokef, present ,, 
 
 salet, stove, oven ,, 
 
 dupa or dufa, leather bag ,, 
 
 gicea, family ,, 
 
 kupo or kufo, basket „ 
 
 dome, mass, heap ,, 
 
 gure, pigeon ,, 
 
 kwara, pincers, tongs ,, 
 
 Note. — All subst. in Parag. 22 take 
 
 nouns of action take et ; Jin and ki (kin) are used for the Plural of most 
 substantives ending in a vowel. 
 
 Jin, from ki (kin), where the guttviral is softened to a palatal and is then 
 in this form used as Plural exponent. 
 
 Ex. : Jde, bundle, plur. litcki and Uteji ; compare also the words silo = 
 kulo, sine = kune. 
 
 la Ex. : liapa or yafa, moon plur. yapala or yafdla. 
 
 kipya or kifya, lightning ,, k'tpydla or kifydla. 
 
 masa, box on the ear „ masdla. 
 
 ahih iet. 
 
 lukulidet. 
 
 lulupiet or Inlufiet. 
 
 aldngin. 
 
 dangin. 
 
 diongin. 
 
 duonin. 
 
 gwurungin. 
 
 • 
 
 juron. 
 lor on. 
 pnpiditon or fifiditon. 
 
 digiton. 
 liongit on. 
 turon. 
 
 hudfhudt. 
 
 yobuot. 
 
 yoduot. 
 
 sdretji. 
 
 doketji. 
 
 sdletji. 
 
 dupdjin or dufdjhi. 
 
 givedjin. 
 
 kupojin or kufojin. 
 
 domeki. 
 
 gureki. 
 
 kiodraki. 
 
 ^ji " ; certain abstract nouns and 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 49 
 
 Ian Kx. 
 
 len Ex. 
 
 lo Ex. 
 
 Id Ex. 
 
 /o/i Ex. 
 
 huo, disc, target 
 kiko, way, path 
 munti/e, bread 
 
 (jtvore, fox 
 logeri, cross 
 lugogori, spider 
 
 ^rtA;o, palate 
 ^^/^•o, cloud 
 gworo, wind-pipe 
 
 mdriko, scar 
 Inhulo, bowel 
 
 hudu, wedding 
 biirud, carcass 
 lungguo, snail 
 
 plur. hisolan. 
 
 „ kikolan. 
 
 ,, munfyelan.^ 
 
 ,, gicorelen. 
 
 ,, logerilen. 
 
 „ lugogorilen.'^ 
 
 „ dakolo. 
 
 ,, dikolo. 
 
 ,, gioorolo. 
 
 ,, mdrikolo. 
 
 ,, luhuJoIo. 
 
 „ hudulon. 
 
 ,, hurudldn. 
 
 ,, lungguolon. 
 
 'f Ex. 
 
 There are various other suffixes, as kadi, house, PI. kadi-jik ; koji, stable, 
 PI. koji-no, and others which are to be found in the dictionary. 
 
 Note 1. — Some words take both la and Ian as suffix. Ex. : denggele, 
 gall, PI. denggelela or denggelelan ; pihja or filya, top, V\. pihjdla ov pilydlan. 
 Note 2. — The suffix " Un" is only found iny«, friend, F\. julin. 
 
 76. 
 
 Class V. 
 Substantives with a slwrtened form for the Plural. 
 The most important of these singular suffixes are — 
 
 at Ex. I kujirat, corner of the eye plur. kujir. 
 
 reat, iron ,, re. 
 
 duplet or dufyet, man or maid servant ,, diqn or dtif. 
 morinet, finger 
 mujinet, paw, claw 
 dumoddi, copper 
 jomani, monkey 
 kakatyo, relative 
 lusatyo, boy 
 
 lojjiitule or lofutule, kidney-bean 
 mikyle (mikile), red ant 
 
 kimeli, dura-inflorescence, plur. kimd (instead of kime). 
 kukuli, straw ,, kukii. 
 
 nit For all nominihus agentis which have " k" in the PL 
 
 Ex. : kadumanit thief ' plur. kadmnak. 
 
 kagworonit, merchant ,, kagwdrok. 
 
 kayekanit, hearer, meHsengev, plur. kayekak; compare Parag. 22, *)//. 
 
 i 
 
 Ex. 
 
 yo 
 
 Ex. 
 
 le 
 
 Ex. 
 
 li 
 
 Ex. 
 
 morin. 
 
 VI ujin. 
 
 dumbdd. 
 
 joman. 
 
 katat, 
 
 lusak. 
 
 loputu or lofi'itu. 
 miki. 
 
50 
 
 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 Ex 
 
 // Ex. 
 
 tat Ex. 
 
 tot Ex. 
 
 tot {dt)'E-x.. 
 
 Jnmurte, gnat j 
 
 [I'ur 
 
 . kihtur. 
 
 kukorite, root 
 
 )5 
 
 kokori. 
 
 kuhijite, grain of rice 
 
 ?) 
 
 kuhiji. 
 
 hokiioroti, iv( )n-ring 
 
 )) 
 
 hokudro. 
 
 Jii(/icati, bean 
 
 ,, 
 
 jihjwd. 
 
 kculongonti 
 
 ') 
 
 kadonjon. 
 
 siwatat, bee 
 
 )) 
 
 f<iwa. 
 
 sirotat, louse 
 
 )' 
 
 slro. 
 
 Jet at, drop of milk 
 
 >> 
 
 Je (milk). 
 
 kolSrotot, ant 
 
 >) 
 
 koJoro. 
 
 piomtot or fiomtot, a drop of water 
 
 )? 
 
 iohi or fi am (water), 
 
 Note 1. 
 
 
 
 gunitdt, lizard 
 
 >> 
 
 (JU H. 
 
 kujotot, grain of sand 
 
 55 
 
 kiijo. 
 
 ku.utdt, worm 
 
 )! 
 
 kfi.n. 
 
 hqjirdt or kujirot, pen 
 
 „ 
 
 kiqyir or kufir. 
 
 77. 
 
 Class VI. 
 
 Substantives having the same number of syllables in the singular and lAural. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Singular. 
 bunit, doctor 
 sukuri, hen 
 smt, ear 
 goloiot, brook 
 kdluti, post, stake 
 kamukek, shoe 
 kedite, support of a rof)f 
 kele, tooth 
 kijakiitak, animal 
 kirita, bulrush 
 kiteng, cow 
 
 kdUjjonit or kdlifdnit, boy 
 kujonit, a timid person 
 kuhjatat, word 
 loe, arrow 
 miji, mouse 
 
 tdjrindi or tdjindi, guinea-fowl 
 tumunit,. smith 
 
 ukuli, gum tree, india rubber tree 
 nngwuri, horn 
 uronit, liar 
 
 biimik 
 
 sokoro 
 
 Slid (siwji) 
 
 guhijin 
 
 kdleto 
 
 ka)iu(ka 
 
 kedi/at 
 
 kdla 
 
 kijakna 
 
 kiiuo 
 
 kijuk (kif<iik) 
 
 kolipinok or kdlifindk 
 
 kujonok 
 
 kulydjin 
 
 lo-;a 
 
 mijok 
 
 tdjjengon or tdfeugon 
 
 iomonok 
 
 dkolit 
 
 dngiDora 
 
 nrdnok 
 
 Note. — The second Plural of kuhjatat = kuli/a. mea-iing language. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 51 
 
 Plural. 
 Jiohaha, fathers (the fathers) 
 Jiodyji {J)-diJysi) 1 girls 
 koyanggo, mothers 
 komonye, gentlemen, fathers 
 Ji-6'nf/ote, mothers 
 
 78. 
 
 Class VII. 
 
 Phirals toitli the Prefix ko. 
 
 Siugular. 
 baha, father (my father) 
 dyet, girl 
 
 yanggo, mother (my mother) 
 monye, lord, father 
 ngote, mother 
 
 Note 1. — Contraction of ko-dyefji. 
 
 79. 
 Class VIII. 
 Plurals formed from another stem. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 hUolong, lamb yisi 
 
 kine, young cattle yidin 
 
 matat, chief, prince kimdk 
 
 mogon imiujun), body, stomach herik 
 
 tagivok, calf (of medium size) ^(^jll^^ 
 
 lalet, man lian 
 
 nakican, wife ivdte 
 80. 
 Casf. 
 
 Exari,ple of a Declension. 
 Tore (lo), the son 
 
 Singular. 
 Nom. tore, the son 
 Gen. lo (na, ti), tore, of the son 
 
 tore, to the son 
 
 tore, the son 
 
 a tore, O son 
 
 ko fore, from (with) the son 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Ace. 
 Voc. 
 Abl. 
 
 Plural. 
 torela, the sons 
 lo {na, ti) torela, of the sons 
 torela, to the sons 
 torela, the sons 
 a torela, O sons 
 ko toiela, from (with) the sons 
 
 Declension of a Feminine Suhs'antive. 
 Dingit (na), the time 
 
 Singular. 
 Nom. dingit, the time 
 Gen. lo {na, ti) dingit, of the time. 
 Dat. dingit, to the time 
 Ace. dingit, time 
 Voc. a dingit, O time 
 Abl. ko (ku, i) dingit, with or in the 
 time 
 
 Plural. 
 dingiten, the time 
 lo {na, ti) dingiten 
 dingiten 
 dingiten 
 a dingiten 
 ko (Jen, i) dingiten 
 
52 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 81. 
 
 Syntax Rules and Examples. 
 
 The subject is always noQiinative case. In principal sentences the subject 
 always stands at the beginning of the sentence, the predicate either immedi- 
 ately after the subject, or after the verb of the sentence. 
 
 Examples. 
 Kodini apea or afea (Jio hipyd or kifija), the tree has been struck (by 
 
 lightning.) 
 Kioen ratdji {ho Tiopiilwn or JcofuJcon), the birds fly (with wings). 
 Koldnit areha, the thief is chained. 
 
 Nan dupi/et or dufyet {nan a dupyet or dufyet) nd Ngiin, I am a servant 
 of the Lord. 
 
 The particles of cause Jco and Jcogioon,^ because, then, precede the subject. 
 
 Examples. 
 Ko Wani an matat, ndn ti romdn ho mje, As Wani is no chief, I do not 
 
 salute him. 
 Koijwon ngutu ling lungasirih-hang, yi agi nyanydr se, Because all men are 
 
 our brothers, we ought to love them. 
 
 As regards the position of the subject in relative sentences V. 34 ; in 
 conjunction with a pronoun demonstrative or inter rog., V. 32 ; in conjunction 
 with other interrog., V. 96. 
 
 Note 1. — Compare ho = with, and ho = then, with the Litin preposition 
 cum, and the conj. cum. 
 
 82. 
 
 The Genitive in Bari is dependent on a noun or pronoun, never on a verb 
 as in Greek. The most familiar kinds are : — 
 
 (1) Genitive denoting origin. Ex. : Logwit lo Ladn, Logwit, son of 
 
 Ladu. 
 
 (2) Genitive denoting property. Ex. I mede nd monye, the father's 
 
 house. 
 
 (3) Genitixe denoting partition. 
 
 For other Genitives comjjare Parag. 69. 
 
 The Dative has the same form as the nominative and accusative, and 
 differs only as regards its position in the sentence. It must always come 
 between the subject and object, before the accusative. Ex. : V. Parag. 26. 
 
 In the Vocative Case the "a" is not important ; instead of a Logioit, a 
 monye ! one can equally well say, Logioit ! monye. 
 
 The Ablative may have different positions in a sentence. V. Prepositions, 
 Para". 109 and 110. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 53 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 8?. 
 The Adjh;ctive. 
 
 Formation of the Adjective. 
 
 Here we distinguish the following classes :— 
 
 a. The true adjective. 
 
 b. The so-called 16 (Ju) and nrt-adjectlves. 
 
 c. Verbal adjectives. 
 
 d. Adjectives of composition. 
 
 84. 
 
 There are not many true adjectives ; the most important are : — 
 
 duma, big 
 
 Jcanga, courageous, fearless 
 
 kamye, ill 
 
 haterot, cold 
 
 Mjek, quick 
 
 Mrut, true, positive 
 
 lango, naked, bare 
 
 lijju, or Iifu, fresh 
 
 palelevg, or faleleng, sweet 
 
 jjomoni, or f dm oni, heavy 
 
 potnor, or fotuor, bitter 
 
 rego, not straight, oblique 
 
 lihi^ damp 
 litot, free 
 hit, dirty 
 mail, peaceable 
 minge, deaf 
 modoJce, blind 
 modong, old 
 inuri/e, blue 
 ngode, crooked 
 rigioo, straight 
 ivoryo, loose 
 
 All the above forms are attributive adjectives : if they are used predica- 
 tively they take the verbal prefix a : aduma, ahangd, etc. Most of them can 
 also be used adverbially. 
 
 85. 
 
 h. A larger class of adjectives is that consisting of adjectives formed 
 from an almost obsolete root with the prefix Jo (Ju), fern. na. Ex. : Jobot, 
 fern, ndhot, fat, greasy. 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 English. 
 
 Jobut 
 
 ndbut 
 
 good 
 
 JosoJi- 
 
 ndsoh 
 
 thin 
 
 Jodit 
 
 nddit 
 
 small 
 
 Jodon 
 
 ■nddon 
 
 unripe 
 
 Joron 
 
 ndron 
 
 angry 
 
 Jtlb ng 
 
 ndlong 
 
 stupid 
 
 JugaJang 
 
 ndgalang 
 
 broad. 
 
 loruo 
 
 ndruo 
 
 dark, blajk 
 
54 BARI GRAMMAK. 
 
 c. The largest class is that of the verbal adjective. 
 
 (1) These are really passive forms of the predicate used as adjectives, 
 therefore with the prefix a. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 abelengo, broken ^'./"(^ sharjD (ground) 
 
 adillc, bent (ikoa, bitten, etc. 
 
 (2). Several which are almost identical with their corresponding verbs 
 are: — yvitidnd, satisfied ; yore full (much); giodrdgo, dear (to buy); mudue, 
 dark. Compare the verbs yimonb, jore, muse, etc. 
 
 (L Adjectives of composition are formed with the help of the corresponding 
 substantive preceded by ^^ Jco," with. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 ko (judn, hump-backed (with a hump) 
 h) kure, thirsty (with tliirst) 
 ko magor, hungry (with hungei) 
 ko miiri, feverish (with fever) 
 
 86. 
 
 Gender of the Adjective. 
 
 The gender of the adjective agrees with the corresponding subject, and 
 this applies only to those belonging to the Second Class, Parag. 85 b, as the 
 rest are all common gender. 
 
 Adjectives belonging to the Second Class can be used alone in the plural 
 without a substantive. Ex. : Jorok, the wicked ; fern, ndrok, V. 87. 
 
 The abstract neuter gender hona, mala, is expressed by the feminine 
 plural. Ex. : ndlut (the) good, ndrok (the) evil. 
 
 87. 
 
 Number of the Adjective. 
 
 Adjectives of the Third and Fourth Class, Parag. 85, c and d, have the 
 same form for the singular and plural, while on the other hand there are nob 
 a few amongst the first two classes which form their plural similarly to the 
 substantive. 
 
 Examples. 
 From Class I. 
 
 duma, big Plur. temejik 
 
 kamye, ill ,, kamyeji 
 
 hangd, courageous ,, kangdjin 
 
 litof, free ,, hly 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 55 
 
 mall, peaceable Plur. umJijat 
 
 mituje, deaf ,, wiiujeJci 
 
 iiiodoke, blind - ,, nwdokeno 
 
 modomj, old ,, miidiinrfin 
 
 ngode, crooked . ,, ngodeki 
 
 haterot, cold, kijeh, quick, kirut, paleleng or faJeleng, etc. have the same 
 form for the plural. 
 
 From Class II. 
 Indit (losit) fern, nddit (»«*•//), small. Plur. lodidik (lo^ijih), fern, nddidil- 
 
 {ndsljiJc). 
 lodon, fern, nddon, uuripe. Plur. lodoJc, fem. nddok. 
 I6(/iim, fem. ndijusu, tight. Plur. lor/usulak, iem. ndgusidak. 
 JugaJang, fem. ndgcdang, broad. Plur. lugalangak, fem. ndgalangak. 
 liiruo, fem. ndriw, dark, black. Plur. luruok, fem. ndruok. 
 
 The following retain the same form for the plui-al : — 
 
 lohot (ndbot), lohut {ndhiit), losoh (ndsok), luhong (ndlong). 
 
 88. 
 
 Comparison of Adjectives. 
 The Comjmrative, 
 The comparative may be expressed in two ways : — 
 (a) By bid, more, better, followed by i («). 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Kadi-nio hia kwekioelen i inot, My house is prettier (more pretty) than thine. 
 Medi adihna hia i kulye kimdk, Medi is bigger than the rest of the chiefs. 
 Logwit dedSn hia kulija ti Bari, i kidye ling, Logwit understands the Bari 
 language better than anyone else. 
 
 Ain ta hia i se? Are you not better than they ^ 
 
 (h) By the verb to'ngun, to surpass. 
 Examples. 
 
 John toto'ngun kanietanit, John is more than a prophet = surpa.sses a 
 jDrophet. 
 
 Se ko-dije, seuujun toto'ngun kuhje, They thought to have received moi'e 
 than the rest. 
 
 89. 
 
 The Sujjerlative. 
 
 The genei'al way of forming the absolute superlative is (a) by placing after 
 the adjective one of the particles hura (hurd), parik or farik (par^k or far ik), 
 
56 
 
 BARI GRAMMAE. 
 
 both signifying very or right. Ex. : sine Je andhe burd, this milk is very 
 pure ; nielo nguro aicoryo parik or farih, this boy is very disorderly. 
 
 (b) By a repetition of the adjective. Ex. : Nielo hodini rigtco, rigwo, 
 this tree is quite straight. Mijoh imleleng paleleng, mice (a Bari delicacy) 
 are very sweet. 
 
 The relative superlative is formed by : i (i) ling, above all. Ex. : 
 Medi aduma i ling, Medi is the biggest. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 90. 
 
 The Numerals. 
 
 TJie Cardinal Numbers 
 
 1 tu (geleng).''- 
 
 2 ori (murek, murelce).^ 
 
 3 sal a {musdla)} 
 
 4 ungudn. 
 
 5 Jcdnat. 
 
 6 buker. 
 
 7 buryd. 
 
 8 budoh. 
 
 9 bungudn. 
 
 10 pubh or fudJc (mere).^ 
 
 11 j/uolc or fudk-wod-geleng.^ 
 
 12 ,, „ -murek. 
 
 13 ,, „ -musdla. 
 
 14 ,, ,, -ungudn. 
 
 15 „ ,, -mukdnat. 
 lo „ ,, -buker. 
 
 17 ,, ,, -buryd. 
 
 18 ,, „ -budoh. 
 
 19 „ „ -bungudn. 
 
 20 merya-murek. 
 
 21 merya-murek-iood-geleng. 
 
 22 merya-murek'Uod-murek. 
 30 merya-musdla. 
 
 40 merya-ungndn . 
 50 merga-mukdnat. 
 60 merya-buker. 
 70 merya-buryd. 
 80 merya-budoh. 
 90 meryn-hungudn. 
 
BARI riKAMMAH. 57 
 
 100 merya-pudk or fuoh. 
 
 200 jjuMno-murek ov fuhino-mn: el; . 
 
 300 pukino ov fuhinb-musdla. 
 
 400 ,, -ungudn. 
 
 500 ,, -mukdnnt. 
 
 600 ,, -huker. 
 
 700 ,, -hurya. 
 
 800 „ -hudok. 
 
 900 ,, -bungiidn. 
 
 1,000 ,, -pnok or fudk. 
 
 2,000 pukino ov fnkind-pudk or fudk-perok or feidk-muiek. 
 3,000 „ „ ,, musdJa. 
 
 10,000 ,, „ ,, pudk or fudk. 
 
 The Cardinal numbers always come after the substantive, even though 
 they may be in apposition or have a suffix. Ex. : Bahd-Ho kata kolipinok or 
 koJifinok, mimda ko nguronakioan geleng, my father has three sons (boys), and 
 a daughter (girl). 
 
 Note 1. — Counting by unit, the forms tu, ori, sdla and kdnat are used ; 
 when counting by tens or more, the forms geleng, murek, musdla and mukdnat. 
 
 Note 2. — Mere really means mountain, but also a number of ten. 
 
 Woset (short, wod) means more than ten; thus puok-wod-geleng or fitok-tvod- 
 geleng =10 + 1. 
 
 ISToTE 3. — Woset-geleng = 1 -f 10. 
 
 91. 
 
 The Ordinal Numbers. 
 
 These are formed from the Cardinal numbers by prefixing the particle to. 
 Ex, : to-geleng, the first, to-murek, the second, to-pubk or fudk, the tenth, etc. 
 
 Note 1. — Instead of to-geleng, the forms si'due, kive, lokioe (rtdkice), 
 lokokwe (^ndkokwe) may be used. 
 
 Snlue (c.) from sulu, to begin, thus sillue, the beginning, first. 
 
 Kive, head, chief, to]?, lokwe-lokokive, he who stands at the top, stands first. 
 Ex. : Nakwan na matat Ladu atadu tore-l6ni/et kwe {lokive, lokokwe), iiguro- 
 ndnyet ktoe (ndhve, ndkokive), the wife of the chief Ladu has borne her first 
 son and her fii st daughter. 
 
 2. Instead of to-murek (especially if to-geleng, si'due, etc. inmiediately 
 jDrecede), lele, fem. nene, the other = the second, may be used. Ex. : ybkiet 
 to-geleng : nyare-ni/ar Ngun : ybkiet nene gtvoso nienn ; nyare ngutu lele, The first 
 commandment (is) : thou shalt love God ; the second commandment (is) similar : 
 thou shalt love thy neighbour. 
 
 3. The "last" is expressed by mukbk. Ex.: ndn lo (na) mukbk, I am 
 the last ; I67' lo mukbk, the judgment day. 
 
 4. The rule in Paragrapli 90 is also applied here. 
 
58 BARI GRAMMAR, 
 
 92. 
 
 Olhi'r Numbers. 
 
 Multiples are formed by placing the word jjeroh (feroJc) before the 
 Cardinal number. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 perdJc- ov ferok iirKjudn, four times 
 peroh-puoh, or ferok-fitdk-, ten times 
 
 Exception : gelere, once. 
 Ling = a whole. 
 Kiden = the middle, half. 
 
 Tape or tufe = piece, part (especially the larg<!i ). 
 Wilo = the smaller part of a whole. 
 Tupe or iufe-to-musdla = a third. 
 Tupe or tufe-to-hitddk = an eighth. 
 Tupe or tufe-to-puok or fudk = a tenth. 
 
 CHAPTER VI IT. 
 
 93, 
 
 The Particles. 
 
 Interjections. 
 
 There are only two Interjections in Barl : — 
 
 (1) " A" used as an exclamation of pain, oh ! oh, my ! 
 
 (2) " Od'o," which is generally repeated ; a cry of lamentation used 
 
 especially by the women. 
 
 94. - -- 
 
 Affirmative Particles. 
 Sana, so, thus, just so. Ex. : do arikoro koldnit? Nan arikoro lo-sona, ju-lio, 
 
 Have you chased the thief 1 Yes, indeed, my friend. 
 diri, true. Certainly. Ex.: Nan popo or f of a diri, 1 will certainly come. 
 inke, yes. Ex. : do gwm i Afrika? inke, Have you been in Africa? Yes. 
 This affirmation can also be expressed by the repetition of the verb (with 
 the relative subject) as above, nan gioon, or by lunga, " also." 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 59 
 
 95. 
 
 Negative Particles. 
 (a). Simple. 
 aa, no. Ex. r Do kametanitl nge arugo : aa, Are you a propliet? He 
 
 answered, No. 
 al-, am (hain), no. Hx. : Ngimyen jore? ak (am, hain), Ave there many 
 gods 1 No. 
 kuda ajon hurd ? ah aliJima, Has it rained hard 1 No, it has only 
 rained a little. 
 ah), not ; used as negative with the verb in the aorist. V. Pai-ag. 41. 
 an, not. Ex. : nan an, ama do, Not I, but thou- 
 
 doyoydJcijo ngyo, ho do an matat f Why do you give orders, you are 
 
 not a chief. 
 sine an diri, That is not true. 
 h •■ (hu), not ; used in the negative imperative. V. 41 and 52. 
 teitc, no more, no longer. Ex. : do tene Jamhil ho ngaretji, You no longer 
 
 speak in parables. 
 ti (ti), not ; negative jDarticle of the verb in the durative and future 
 tenses. V. 41. 
 
 ih). Compound. 
 an-i-piriten- ov fir it en-ling, anywhere, somewhere, not in all places. 
 i-piriten- or firiten-ling-an, nowhere. 
 ngo-a'in (ngo-an), nothing. Ex. : lodiret duma net ngutu atundya ho ngo 
 
 ain, na nge'nge. He had a crowd collected without any thing for them 
 
 to eat. 
 
 96. 
 
 Interrogative. 
 
 add, how? Ex. : Nge aho den add, he did not know how. 
 
 mudd, how much, how many ? Ex. : ngudjih mudd i hadi-tudinet I how 
 
 many children are there in the school ? 
 peroli- or ferok-mudd, how often 1 Ex. : peroh- or feroh-mudd nan adeh 
 
 imwur do ! how often I wanted to write to you. 
 Peroh- or feroh-mudd do gwon i Bili'nganghi ? how often have you been 
 
 on the Bili'ngangki's ? 
 
 Note. — Add always stands at the end of a sentence. 
 
 The other interrogatives, relating to space or time, are given in Parags. 
 97 and 101. 
 
 97. 
 Local Particles. 
 
 (a). Denoting place generally, 
 i/a (1) where? (2) where from. Ex.: do gwon yd? where have you been? 
 do po or fo (do popo or fofo) rd i where do you come from 1 
 
60 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 Instead of ijd, one can also use i inrit or fir it nan. Ex. : Abihia Soliman 
 dtuan yd 9 or A. S. dhian { pirit ov firit nan ? where did A. S. die ? 
 
 If yd is used in conjunction with a substantive the interrogative lo or na 
 apostrophe (according to the gender) must precede. Ex. : Mahomet, do I yd ? 
 Mahomet, where are you ? Fatima do n' yd ? Fatima, where are you 1 
 
 The answer to yd (1) V yd, m' yd, i pirit ov firit ndn is : — 
 
 ni, here. Ex. : / kak ni, here on earth ; ndn gwon ni, I have been here ; or 
 yu {nyu, nyyn), there. Ex. : se gioon yu, they were there. 
 
 The answer to yd (2) is : — 
 
 yu, from that place, there. Ex. : nge, apo or afo yu, he came from there. 
 Abilna Solimdn apo or afo Europa yu, A. S came from Europe. 
 da, where, where to ? Ex. : do tu dd f where are you going 1 
 
 Rule. 
 
 All these particles stand at the end of the sentences. 
 
 ISToTE. — ni means also hither, this way. Ex. : P6 or fo (piota or fota), 
 ni, come here. 
 
 98. 
 
 Measurement hy the Line. 
 
 i . . . . teng ho, from .... to. Ex. : / Gondolcoro teng Tco Lihu kiJco 
 alodit, it is only a short distance from Gonkokoro to Libu. 
 
 99. 
 
 Surface Measurement. 
 
 hi, above, on, upon. Ex. : hoen Jore i hodini Id, on the tree above are 
 
 many birds. 
 hah (liihah), below, beneath, under, down. 
 
 hiden, in the raidst, amidst. Ex. : yohil hiden, in the middle of the wood. 
 hadonge (ahadonge), left. Ex. : iii hadonge, go to the left. 
 lutdten (alutdten), right. Ex.: nge atu lutdtcn, he (she) went to the 
 
 right. 
 
 100. ' ^ 
 
 ngerot, before. V. Parag. 110. 
 
 hot, behind, at the back. V. 110. 
 
 alohidir,' behind, backwards, backward. • 
 
 ni, on this side (here). 
 
 i-tihon (itihon), on the other side, eternity, Y. 110. 
 
 yu, beyond, over. Compare Parag. 97. 
 
 hatd, inward, inside, within. 
 
BAR! GRAMMAR. 61 
 
 kango, outer, out, outside. Ex. : diong i kadi ? ah, In hnigo, is the do"' in 
 the room 1 No, he is outside. Nge aid kadi no, Ngun kango, he went 
 ovit of the Temple. 
 longga, round, around. \. 110. 
 
 dingo (didingo), near. Ex. : diong dodoto dingo konut, the dog sleeps near 
 you. 
 
 Ul. 
 Particles of Time. 
 
 The common Interrogative "when" is expressed by 
 nanu [nanu), or i dingit nan, at what time. Ex. : Ju-nio, do ayenia nanu ? 
 
 My friend, when were you married 1 Mcdi popo or fofo nanu ? 
 
 When will Medi come ? I dingit nan do atadue f (also : do atadue i 
 
 dingit nan ?) When were you born ? 
 kyang [kiyang), at first, first. Ex. : ngesi kyang dede kiiaui, first eat, then 
 
 work. 
 mukok last, at last. Ex. : Wani apo or afo iiiukok. Wani has come at 
 
 last. 
 suriana, now, at present. Ex. : kiaser-nio yeyema sundna, my sister is 
 
 marrying. 
 pete or fete, just, just now, at once. Ex. : nan pete or fete, ^lo or fa, I am 
 
 coming at once. 
 eron (beron), before, previously, nge atakin eron, he has preA'iously spoken. 
 ko . . . eron, ere, before. Ex. : ])6 ko tudn na tore-lio eron. Come, before 
 
 my son dies. 
 kaju, long ago, long since. 
 de (dede, ede), then, later. Ex. : na popo or fofo de, I am coming 
 
 later on. 
 molu (seldom : mo), then. Ex. : moJu gwegwe kiveyyetji ti kulonj. then 
 
 appeared the signs in the sun ; ngudj k pota or fota molu, children, 
 
 come later. 
 leru, still, yet. Ex. : gice leru ko-yo, stay yet (a little longer) with me. 
 kijek, quickly, suddenly. Ex. : kipya or kifya, ape or afe nge kijek hijek, 
 
 suddenly the lightning struck him. 
 The expressions "during," " meanwhile," " while," are ti^anslated hy ko 
 (sometimes : na) = cum (conjunct.). Ex. : ko se a'negesa, apo or afo inonye 
 lose, while they were eating their father came. Na is the relative pronoun 
 and belongs to dingit ; dingit na = tempore quo = cina. 
 
 102. 
 
 ngupi (^ngufi), always, often. Ex.: yi'^gi ivaioindu ngupi or ngiifi, we 
 
 shall always pray. 
 njiipi-an (or an-ngupi or ngufi), not always, seldom. Ex. : Ahma Solimdn 
 
 pops ov fofo an ngupi or ngufi, A. S. seldom comes. 
 asut, never. Ex. : nan gicon asut i Bilingang ki, I was never on the 
 
 Bili'ngana Mts. 
 
62 BARI GRAMMAR. 
 
 (jeije, never. Ex. : do giccni (jege nl, you were never here. 
 
 kudmj (kwoug), never. Ex. : nan alco gwon kudnij, I have never been. 
 
 pcroh or ferok, . . . times. Ex. : Innyaser-lio aldto ijerok-mnsaJa or ferule 
 
 musdla. My brother has been wounded three times. 
 IjeroTi- or ferok-hidik, sometimes (seldom), a few times. Ex. : n;/e poi'd or 
 
 fr>fo perok- or ferok-kudik, he (she) seldom comes. 
 
 103. 
 
 ZoroH-/m[/, daily, every day kajelu (kajelu-lor), the day before 
 
 i-lor (ilor), by day yesterday 
 
 koyure (koi/nre), in the morning kaje (kaji/e), yesterday 
 
 wanglek, in the forenoon dlka, to-day 
 
 [jaran or far an {tuparan or tiifaran), loJor (ilolor), to-day, this day 
 
 at noon kotumolu, to morrow 
 
 koriri, in the afternoon moh'du, the day after to-morrow 
 
 kotyang, in the evening lokinga, this year, this season 
 
 kwaje (kwajye), in the night kingalo, last year 
 
 kingajin-ling, yearly, every year 
 
 104. 
 
 hura (hu,d), very, just, real. Ex.: silo, kdlqjindk kiklta hmd. These 
 
 lads work very bravely. 
 jarik ov farik (parik or farik), very. 
 
 dek, enough. Ex. : nan a'ngesu dek, I have eaten enough. 
 gwe, sona, enough, so let it be. 
 
 kana, only. Ex. : kisnk-kwe musdla kana, I have only three cowi,. 
 ako-ngii (ako-ngyu), almost, nearly, hardly. 
 aling, nearly, almost. 
 kodio, nearly, almost. 
 gwa ... as big as. giva-do, ywa-lo, gtca-na, gwa-ta, gwa-se, as big as you, 
 
 he, she, etc. 
 hia, more. Ex. : ti nan hia, give me more ; kijiik-kwe bia, I haA'e more 
 
 cows. 
 kudik, few, a little. Ex. : ti nan kudik, give me a little. 
 
 105. 
 
 Particles of Cause. 
 
 ' ■ We have already seen that the Interrogative "why" is expressed by 
 " ngyo." The answer to this is — 
 
 ko or kogwon, because. Ex.: do ti lomdn ko nan} ko do an matat. 
 Why do you not salute me 1 Because you are no chief ; do ti nyar kiaser-inot ? 
 kogtoon andron ; why do you not love your sister ? because she is not good. 
 
 ko-nd (kond), thus, so, consequently. Ex.: ko-ndnan gicu-gwiit do, you are 
 a thief, so I will beat you. 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. 63 
 
 Expressivf/ Condition, Supjjosition. 
 
 ho, if. Hx. : /i'o do ti po or fo, ^uin Jojolo geleng, if you do not come, I 
 shall travel alone. 
 
 Expressing Doubt, 
 
 Tea . . . kode (kode . . . kode) whether, if . . . or not. Ex. : nan ti 
 den, ko (kode) nge popo or fofo kode ti po or fo, I do not know whether he 
 will come or not. Toivt/li tatakin do, ko do akondya alobut, kode aloron { . ■ ■ 
 ondhui kode androk). Your conscience will tell you whether you have done 
 evil or good. 
 
 Expressing Cause. 
 
 ani/an, in order that, that. Ex. : 7ian i kak ni, unydn nan deden Ngun, 
 anydn nan rurug lu, anydn nan nyanydr lu,. I am here on earth, that I may 
 know God, that 1 may serve him, that I may love him. 
 
 on, lest. Ex. : 7noke nmgun, on doro kak, stop, lest you fall to the ground. 
 
 To the above may also be added ko-nd (kond), with the meaning, on 
 that account, therefore. Ex.: kond nan jikik do, on doro, I will lead you, in 
 case you fall. 
 
 106. 
 
 For the copulative conjunction '■'■and" the Bari has as a rule but one 
 expression, " ko," which is used whenever it can be substituted for " with," 
 or when several predicates are used together. Ex : nan ko do, I and thou 
 (I with thee) ; mede a nddu ko ndgalang, the house is high and broad. 
 
 In other cases the corresponding pronoun, etc., is repeated, or one of the 
 copulas sundna (at present, now), lunga (also), or toki (agaiii) is substituted. 
 Ex. : karuhok apija or a/ija nge se adi, the disciples asked him and said 
 (i.e. the disciples asked him, they .said). Sundna [iiinga, toki), Jolin ajamhu 
 ko karukok, and John spoke to his disciples (now, also, again, spoke John, 
 etc.). 
 
 lunga, too, likewise. Ex. : nan lunga kaivurdnit i gwesin, T am also a 
 painter. 
 
 lunga .... lunga, as well as. Ex. : hinga nan, lunga do kukidya Bari, I 
 as well as you speak Bari. 
 
 toki, again. Ex. : pd or fo kotumolu toki, come again to-morrow. 
 
 ngyu, still, yet. Ex. : se ngyi'i, they are still hei'e. 
 
 kode, (1) or, perhaps. Ex. : nan kode dol I or thou, (2) else, otherwise. 
 Ex. tinan ngalya, kode nan j^epe or fefe do, give me money, other- 
 wise I will shoot you. 
 
 kode .... kode, either . . or. Ex. : kode teya, kode tiidn, either conquer 
 or die. 
 
 an ... . an, neither . . . nor. Ex. : an nun, an do, neither I nor you. 
 
 aina, but, on the other hand, stands always at the beginning of the sentence. 
 
 agi, yet, however, nevertheless. Ex. : nan agi tutu, nevertheless I am 
 going. V. a(/i, 54. 
 
64 BARI GRAMMAP. 
 
 107. 
 
 Adverbs of Quality. 
 
 hum (burd), right, just, well. Ex.: wure hurd, write well; do adoto add? 
 
 dika nan adoto hurd, how have you slept ? To-day I have slept well. 
 sona, thus, in this manner. Ex. : do agi kondija s ma, you must do it in this 
 
 way. 
 kana, for nothing, gratis. Ex. : nan ut'iju niena gor kana, I have received 
 
 this lance gratis. Instead of kana one often hears worokdna ; from 
 
 (jwbro = to buy ; thus worokdna = not bought. 
 kijek, quickly. Ex. : iti {p6 or fo) kijek, go quickly. 
 kukuon, public. V. Diet. kudn. 
 luon, private, secret. Ex. : koldnit tiuddya lubn, the thief has stolen away 
 
 secretly. 
 madanij, slowly. Ex. : itita madang, go slowly. 
 mate, as a loan. Ex. : nge atin nan wurct mate, he (she) has lent me the 
 
 book. 
 ngyona, near. Ex. : melesen-nikang ngyona (a'ngyona) mede {ko mede), our 
 
 garden lies near the house. 
 pajyo o: fajyo, far ofi", remote. Ex.: jur 16 Ban' py'yo ov faj'jo i Europa, 
 
 the Bari country is very far from Europe. 
 rahat {arahat), not right. Ex. : do wuwur rahat, you do not write 
 
 correctly. 
 
 Note. — Many adjectives can also be used adverbially. 
 
 108. 
 
 Prepositions. 
 
 There are but few true prepositions in Bari, but there are instead many 
 insignificant words which are used with the few prepositions, thus forming 
 compound prepositions. 
 
 109. 
 
 Simple Prepositions. 
 
 a, to. Ex. : do nan icowongon, I am calling to you ; a lutdten (alutdten), to 
 
 the right ; a kadonge (akadonge), to the left. 
 an (ain), without. Ex. : nge kadi ain, he (she) has no house (he without 
 
 house) ; ndn gor am, I have no spear ; nielo kodini koropo or korofo 
 
 an, this tree is without leaves. 
 i {i) (1) in, indeed, it is true ; («) denoting rest. Ex. : nan gioon i kadi nd 
 
 Ngun, I was in church ; yi yuyukan i tilimot, we rested in thj shade. 
 (&) denoting movement. Ex. : ndn tu (lutu) i kadi nd Ngun, I am going 
 
 to church; yi apo or afo ni i kak nd Bari, we have come to the Bari 
 
 country. 
 This " i " is sometimes omitted altogether. Ex. : lasak ling afu ko, all 
 
 young fellows go to war 
 
BARI GRAMMAR. G5 
 
 (2) out, from. Ex. : Inuki-luoJc i/i i ndrok ling, deliver us from evil ; 
 
 nielo lusatijo an-u'/iri nguro i Icadi nd monyc, this young man has 
 carried oft' a girl from her father's house. 
 
 (3) over, about, on (active and passive). Ex. : jj/o/>« (cjr Jiom) wdlala i 
 
 kimang, the water on the fire is boiling. 
 ho, (1) with. Ex.: Jco nan (do, nge, yi, ta, $e), with me, thee, him, us, you, 
 
 them ; nguro atu ho haha, the child went with the father ; nan 
 
 gxoagwddd do ho piom (or fiom), I sprinkle you with water ; ngutu 
 
 temejih ti Btri yiiiiutu ho holot, ho higwo, ho lohore, the grown-up 
 
 Baris live on dura soup and meat (///. nourish themselves with 
 
 dura, etc.). 
 (2) of, from, by. Ex. : niena tvuret atviiro ho nan, this book has been 
 
 written by me. 
 h)(, with, to, from, by. Ex. : hil haha, hii ngote, nguro atti hu haha, the 
 
 child went ; kiaser-nio ayitue hu haha, my sister returned from her 
 
 father's. 
 tu, towards, to. Ex. : meroh atu tn Sudan, the missionaries went towards the 
 
 Sudan. 
 
 Sometimes tu is omitted altogether. Ex. : ndn tu mede, I am going home. 
 
 The preposition " for " is more often expressed by the verb, with the 
 
 suftix, hiu (V. Par. 22, hin). If the verb does not admit of the suftix the 
 
 dative is used. Ex.: hayuhunit alohut tin hohylu-hdnyet metet-nduyet, a good 
 
 shepherd gives his life for his sheep. 
 
 One can as well say, ahive na hu'iylu-h. = on account of his sheep. 
 
 110. 
 
 Compound Prepositioxs. 
 
 a-hwe (ahwe), on account of, because of. Ex. : nan tintin do sine ahwe na 
 towyli-iJot alo'juf, I give you this because of your kind heart. V. 
 Diet. hwe. 
 
 a-homo-sihan {ahomosihan), opposite, in sight. Ex. : Dijori lies opposite 
 Gondohoro. V. Diet, homong. 
 
 i . . . . hot, behind. Ex. : homyru i hodini hot, the lion is behind the tree. 
 
 ?'.... eron, for, during. Ex. : '' hingdjin pudh (or fnoh) eron ndn gwon i 
 Afriha, I was in Africa for ten years. 
 
 i . . . . hah, under. Ex. : hdJijjonit (or hblifonit) dodoto i hodini hah, the 
 boy is sleeping under the tree. 
 
 i . . . . hi, over, on, upon, above. Ex. : hwaje duduton jore i hare hi, at 
 night there are many glowworms over the river; sine hisduahan 
 ahlpe (or adufe) i hdtoloh i hiho hi, these geese were hatched on the 
 ship; hirhoh hihija i haden hi, the chameleon is going up the tree; 
 piom {or fiom) i diholo hi, there is water in the clouds above. 
 
 i . . . . hiden,^ in the midst of, among. Y . ho . . . . hiden. 
 
 i-pirit, or i-firit {ipirit, or ifirit), instead of. Ex. : monye lobut ti tin nguro- 
 
 F 
 

 Tio 
 
 66 BARI GRAMMAP. 
 
 loitin't hvinn i jji)it (or i-Jirit) no snmuti, a gcocl ftither does not give 
 his child a snake for (instead of) a fish. 
 ko .... nn {(un), without. Ex. : ko ntimyen an {am), without pain. 
 lio .... hot, after, in. Ex. : nan popo (or fofo) IS loron hufUiJi hot, I shall 
 come in eight days' time. 
 
 cron, before. Ex. : nan (/won Ico Abraham, I came before Abraham. 
 yu (1) from .... here. Ex. : nge ajiS (or afo) ho haha i/n, he came 
 from his father's. 
 (2) to ... . there. Ex. : nan tutn Jio haha yu, I am going to my father's. 
 Jiango, from, from out of. Ex. : molol-ofyo an 16l-e atn lio nyiitu kango, 
 the unclean spirit left the man (came out of the man). 
 ho (ha) hiden, in the midst, amongst. Ex. : nge agioodan ha-se hiden,^ he 
 
 stood in the midst of them. 
 ho .... ngerot, before. Ex. : ngudjih atii ho haha ngerot, the children went 
 
 before their father, 
 teng ho, until, as far as. Ex.: nan ajea hoiihot teng ho rima, I have 
 scratched my skin and drawn blood ; holdnlt awohon teng ho hare, 
 the thief has fled (as far as) to the river. 
 The preposition '■' round," "around" is expressed by the verb longga, to 
 circle, surround. Ex.: deru (doru) lolongga hodini, there is grass round the 
 tree (lit. gi'ass surrounds the ti'ee). 
 
 Note 1. — The expressions hah, hi,]jirit (or frit), hiden, etc., are substantives 
 and admit of a double construction. Ex. : hijahua aioohon i hiden na yohn 
 (or h. a. i yobu hiden), the wild beast has fled into the centre of the wood — 
 amidst the wood. In the first case hiden stands as substantive, in the second 
 as preposition. 
 
 Note 2. — In which case ho becomes ha. V. Parag. 25. 
 
ENGLISH-BAEI VOCABULARy. 
 
 -<»>- 
 
 ABBEEYIATIONS. 
 
 c. 
 
 =: Comnion gender. 
 
 f. 
 
 =: 
 
 Feni. 
 
 1). 
 
 = Dinka. 
 
 n. 
 
 = 
 
 )(« (art. feni.). 
 
 Gr. 
 
 == Grammar. 
 
 pass. 
 
 — 
 
 Passive. 
 
 i. 
 
 = Imperative. 
 
 perf. 
 
 = 
 
 Perfect. 
 
 
 iti (article, plural, ?iul sign 
 
 pres. 
 
 = 
 
 Present. 
 
 t. 
 
 = i that the substautive has uo 
 
 pi. 
 
 = 
 
 Plural. 
 
 
 ( singular.) 
 
 pl.s. 
 
 = 
 
 Plural like the singular 
 
 1. 
 
 = /o(art., niasc). 
 
 sg. 
 
 = 
 
 .Singular. 
 
 111. 
 
 = JIasc. 
 
 
 
 
 abandon (something, to leave soineoue, to leave 
 behind, to forgive) = lolokin, pres. lijlijlukin, 
 perf. aJiolukin, i. l:olu],i, pass, hold (l.oldhi). 
 
 abandon (to leave, to desert), fd, pres. fafd, 
 perf. afd, i. fane, pass, fctija (i.neg. ho fd, vide 
 kofajur.) 
 
 abduct, to (to stenl), icogirih, pres. ivou-ogirih, 
 perf. awogirih, pass, wogirihin. Ex : W.'s sister 
 has been abducted by M. = hias^r nn Wani 
 awogirihin ho Medi. 
 
 able (clever), Iwdo, c.pl. hodudl. 
 
 able, be (to be powerful), hulo, pres. Ini'hulo, 
 perf. ahulo, i. hulone. 
 
 ablution, lajii. 
 
 abode (dwelling), gwold'nget, n.pl. gmild'ngetji 
 (vide gicilinggi). 
 
 above (ever), /-/./. 
 
 above (upou, " firmaraent, the heavens," air), 
 /,•/, f.t. 
 
 abscess, gntef. 
 
 absent, bai-in, 
 
 abstain (to abstnin from, to keep oif, to en- 
 close), tcvg (see '' to fast "), pres. teteng, perf. 
 ateng, i. teiige, pass, tengo. 
 
 abundance, yon/. 
 
 abuse (to mock, to revile), mSr, pres. momor, 
 
 peif. amor, i. mor^, pass. moro. 
 
 abuser (reviler, scoffer), hamardnganit, c.pl. 
 
 hamardngah. vide maranggu. 
 
 accept (to take), u-u, pres. imieu, perf. ami, 
 
 i. wum-li {iijih. wujih), pass. wvyu. vide icuju. 
 
 accompany, nijomoro, pres. ni/oaj/onwru, perf. 
 anyomoro, i. nyomoro, pass, nyomoji. vide 
 nySmoddii. 
 
 account (on no account, no), aa (naboen). 
 
 account (reckoning, enumeration), henet, f.pl. 
 henefji. vide hen. 
 
 accuse (to exhort, to punish, to admonish), ring, 
 pres. riring, peif. aring, i. ringe. pass, ringa. 
 
 accuse (falsely, to slander, to backbite), mang, 
 pres. mamang, perf. among, i. manggi, pass. 
 manga, D. mang. 
 
 acquaint (to spread), huoio, pres. huhuoro, perf. 
 ahuoro, i. hxoro. 
 
 act (deed), hoet, f.pl. hoetjL vide von and honef. 
 
 adapt (somtthing, to dole out), femahin, pres. 
 tetem^hin, perf. ate'makin, i temahin, pass, temahi. 
 vide <ei??. 
 
 adapt (to fit, to measure), tcm, pres. tetem, perf. 
 rt^ei», i. teme, pass, /e'/i/a. 
 
 addition (complement, supplement), hwenyet. 
 f.pl. hwenyetji. 
 
 adhere (to btick, to cleave), dehha, pres. dedchha, 
 perf. adeljba, i. dehhi. 
 
 admonish (to punish, to accuse, to exl.ort), 
 ring, pres. riring, perf. aring, i. ruij^e, pass, ringa. 
 
 adulterer, halufonit, m.pl. hahifoh. 
 
 affair (thing, matter, treasure, weapon), iiVon/, 
 f.pl. //to. 
 
 affected (to be, with), undye, pres. uundye, 
 perf. aundye, i. vndyc. Ex : the thief was 
 
 seized with fright = holanit anndye ho hitjono. 
 
 affirm (to witness, to declare, to give testimony), 
 
 hweja. pres. hivehweja, perf. ahiceja, i. hiceji, 
 
 pass, hue'ya. 
 
 ¥ 2 
 
68 
 
 EXGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 afraid (to dread), hujdnd, pres. laiJcujoiio, perf. 
 aliujono, i. hnjononi. 
 
 afraid (t > be afraid, to frighten), rigicold), pres. 
 ririijtcolv. perf arhjwbho, i. rigii-oho. 
 
 after (as. then, when), na (conjunction). 
 
 after (later), ede {de, de.de). 
 
 after midnight (the dawn), dinggu, n. 
 
 afternoon, loriri, f. 
 
 again (still ). ^67./. 
 
 age (old age), dongget, n. 
 
 aged (old), modong (madong), c.pl. mudungin. 
 
 agreeable (nice, sweet), faleleng, c.pl.s. 
 
 agreement, yamora. 
 
 aim (to aim), loiju, pres. wlwiju, perf. aiviju. 
 i. wijili. pass, icfii. 
 
 air (wind), Ivbungot, f.pl. Mhifngofji (also 
 A'«7Mm67). 
 
 air (firmament, the heavens ; above, upon), ki, 
 f.t. Ex : /i-(' an'auin kd'tyang = the air is damp 
 in the evening. 
 
 air (high up, upper air), hohungot-na'-Jci (also 
 Iwgunwt-na-hi). 
 
 air (surrounding the earth), Jiohungot-na-kak 
 (also kogumot-na-liat). 
 
 all (each, quite ; most used with a substantive), 
 li)>g, c.pl.s. 
 
 all right, lohut, nabut. 
 
 allow (to let), 7io, pres. koko, perf. ako, i. koli, 
 pass. koJo. 
 
 almost (not yet, scarcely), akd'ngu (and also 
 gwenyona'). 
 
 almost (entirely, totally), aling, adv. vide ling. 
 
 almost (perhaps), kode. Ex : nan kode do (I 
 or thou) kode nan fofo ~ perhaps I will come. 
 D. ko'd. 
 
 almost (nearly), kodio (often strengthened by 
 tling = quite, entirely). 
 
 alone, gehng, c.pl. kade (a unit, singly). 
 
 alone (proper, peculiar), kade, c.pl. of geleng. 
 Ex : yi. tci, i€, kade = we, you, they, alone. 
 
 aloud, farik. 
 
 also (sometimes, and), lunga. 
 
 altar (table of sacrifices), rogo-na-robangga, pi. 
 rogoj in-ti-rohangga. 
 
 alteration (change ; also wrath, anger), woret, 
 f.pl. icoretji. 
 
 always (very often, often ; for ever, eternity), 
 ngii'ji. 
 
 always (always living, dwellers in heaven, 
 eternal), yenke (really yeng-ki), c.pl.s. vide yeng 
 and ki. 
 
 &Jways (always living), yeng'ngin (contr. of 
 yffngin). c.pl.s. vide yeng and ngin. 
 
 amazed (to be amazeil, to notice, to look at in 
 astonishment), dirja, pres. didirja, perf. adirja, 
 i. dirjye, pass. diWa. vide dir. 
 
 among (under, beneath, below), 7t(/>a7i; or lukat. 
 adv. and prepos. 
 
 among (in the middle), i'kiden. 
 
 amplify (to magnify, to < xaggerate), to'ngaddir, 
 pres. iotd'iignddu, perf. aid ngaddu, i. to'ngaddih, 
 pass, td'ngata. 
 
 amusement (weddin?, especially the celebration 
 of a wedding), hudii, l.pl. budiddn. 
 
 anchor, lori, m.pl. Id'rila. 
 
 and (also), liimja. 
 
 anger (wrath, alteration, cliange), woret, f.pl. 
 woretji. 
 
 angry (irritated, enraged— of men and animals), 
 jegii, c.pl.s. 
 
 angry (to be angry), xooran, pres. wowo'ran, 
 purf. mod' ran, i. icore'. vide bora. 
 
 angry (wrathful; courageous, powerful, strong), 
 kaiigd. c.pl. kangdjin. 
 
 angry (to make angry, to provoke), towor, pres. 
 totowor, perf. atoicor, i. toicore, pass, toicora. 
 vide icoraii. 
 
 animal (wild), nioayifyo, f.pl. ruonyok (also 
 kijaku-a). 
 
 animal (of faulty colour), loni' me, 'f. narumey 
 pl.s. 
 
 animal-mother, kudue', f.pl. kudneni Qtudue'ld). 
 
 animal's hvea.st, jujnk, f.pl. jnjukon. 
 
 announce (to make known), toku, pres. totoku, 
 perf. atoku, i. tokune, pass, tokuke. 
 
 announce (to make known), tokuurd, pres. 
 totokudrd, perf. atokudru, i. tokudrd, pass. 
 tokuiiji. 
 
 annoy (to vex, to bother, to be connerned), 
 darjii, pres. dadarju, perf adarju, i. darje. 
 vide dcira. 
 
 anoint (to embalm, to grease), we', pres. weiKe', 
 i. ice'i, pa^s. \v€la. 
 
 another, hge {lege), c.pl. legelok. 
 
 another (one, a ceitain), We, f. nene, m.pl. kuhje, 
 f.pl. kitnye. Ex : lele bot hie = one after the 
 other ; lele ko lele = one witli the other (one 
 with another). 
 
 another (another person), lele lalet, f. nene- 
 nakwan. pi. kulye-lian, f. kunye-icute'. 
 
 answer, td'un, pres. tatdhin, perf. atd'nn, i. 
 tail. Ex : they are silent (give no answer) = 
 se ako id'un. 
 
 answer (reply), rake'et, f.pl. rukeetji. vide 
 rugd. 
 
 answer, rugo, jjres. rurugd, perf. ariigo, i. 
 riigd. pass. rukd. vide rug. 
 
 ant (red), mikile (mikyle), m.pl. taiki. 
 
 ant (white), kold'rotote, m.pl. kolo'ro. 
 
 ant (heaps with many holes), gd'kini, l.pl. 
 
 antelope (with long horns), mu'r/, f pi. murye'ki. 
 
 ant-heap, legbor. 
 
 ants (big black), simsime, m.pl. simsim. 
 
 ants (big red), //ef/e/i-. 
 
 ants (bugar-eatiug), midurito, m.pl. miduri. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 69 
 
 ape (monkey), jo'mani, f.Y)l.joman (also telemi, 
 jil. talama). 
 
 aperture (hole, opening), tutu'let, f.pl. tittiChiji. 
 
 apostle (angel), Uaso'nyonit-lo-ncjun, pi. haso- 
 ■nyoh-ti-ngun. 
 
 appear (also to sprout, to shoot forth), fnl-iin 
 (fii/akun), pres. fi^ulcun, perf. afuJcun, i. fuLu'. 
 vide fuk. 
 
 appease (to quiet, to calm), folili'ja, pres. 
 totolilija, perf. atolilija, i. toJilije, pass. toliJiu. 
 Ex : the child was quieted by the mother = 
 nguro atolilia 7:o ngote. 
 
 appease(to calm, to quieten), foyjjgf, pres. (otoyng, 
 perf. atoyng, i. ioyng^, pass, toynga (toy'riga). 
 
 approach (to come here, to come hither), 
 yengiindya, pres. yeycngundya, perf. ayengundya, 
 i. yengnndije. vide yenga. 
 
 approach (to come near), mijun, pres. mimijun, 
 perf. amijun, i. mi^ii. 
 
 arm, lidih, pi. lidja. 
 
 arm (forearm), lol-iling, pi. lolilingan. 
 
 arm (arm-hole), kuhudi, m.pl. luliidilan. 
 
 arm (arm-ring of ivory), raratat, f pi. rara. 
 
 arms (especially lance or club), tord'hoti, f.pl. 
 
 around (round), alongga (really verb longga). 
 
 arrange (to prepare— a meal), tete'n, pres. tete'n, 
 perf. atete'n, i. tefene, pass, tete'na. 
 
 arrange (to put in order ; to collect), tun, pres. 
 tutun, perf. ohtw, i. f?frie, pass. fitiKi. 
 
 arrange (to order), tunaldndye. vide " to order, 
 to assemble." 
 
 arrange (to mend, repair), tetendya, pres. 
 tetendya, perf. atetendya, i tetendih, pass, tete'na. 
 
 arrange (for another, to collect for another), 
 tunahin, pres. tittu'ncddn, perf. atu'naJdn, i. 
 
 arrange (to order), fet. pres. /^/e<, perf. afet, 
 \. fete', pass. /e^a. 
 
 arrange ("to set in order, to prepare), fedya, 
 pres. fe'fedya. perf. afe'dya, i feddih. 
 
 arrangement (order). /efe<, f.pl. 
 
 arrival (coming), /o'e<, f.pl. foelji. vide/o. 
 
 arrive (to arrive from i-omewhere, to reach). 
 tjengga, pres. yeyengga, perf. ayengga, i. yenggt. 
 
 arrive (to come, especially to land), dur, pres. 
 dudur, perf. ofZcr. i. rfwrtJ. 
 
 arrow, /o'e, m.pl. loya. 
 
 arrowhead, halume', pi. halumeli. 
 
 arrowshaft, winy at. 
 
 artery (vein), muriloni, m.pl. mtirilo. 
 
 artery (for arrows), /iitef, Tpl. futassi or futuld. 
 
 artisan (blacksmith), tumurdt, m.pl. to'monol:. 
 
 as (after, than, when), ;;«, conj. 
 
 as (similar, like), gwoso (also gwotinielt). 
 
 as much, inu, c.pl. mu-lnClo, f. mu-l;une. 
 
 ascend (to climb), /.nee, pres. Idldwe, perf. 
 alVioe, i. litcene'ddu-^). 
 
 ashamed (to be), lurij, pres. hulurii, perf. 
 aJiu'ro, i. lurijni. 
 
 ashes, /.lo-o/.- (luron), f.t. 
 
 ashes, loffotato. 
 
 ask (to enquire after), /i/o, pres. fifija, perf. 
 fl^'/a, i. ^/V, pass.^'a. vide ^. 
 
 ask (ask, to), fth, piee. Jifih, perf. ajih, \. fin^, 
 pass. ^a. 
 
 ask (to ask for pardon, to repent), huru, pres. 
 htibu'ru, perf. abu'ru, i. burune. 
 
 ask (to ask for something, to intercede for an- 
 other), mo'loldn, pres. momd'loldn, perf. amo'loldu, 
 i. mololi, pass, mo'lold. vide mo?/;« and mulul.in. 
 
 aspect (look, view, mirror, life), me^ei, f.pl. 
 me'tetji. vide met. 
 
 ass (horse), /.o^/ne (la'yne), f.pl. la'yneld. 
 
 assemble (unite, to join, to collect togethir), 
 fefenun, pres. fef€nun, perf. afefe'nun, i. feftnii, 
 pass, fefe'nue. 
 
 assemble (congregate), tunaldndya, pres. <«- 
 tunaldndya, perf. atunaldndya, i. tunaldndye', 
 pass, tunald. vide " to order" and " to arrange." 
 
 assembly (meeting ; judgment ; stick which the 
 Bari carries as a symbol of the meeting, shaped 
 like a iorh), fntet, m.^\. fiCtetji. 
 
 assist (to support, to help someone), ngara'ldn, 
 pres. nga-nga'raldn, perf. a'ngaralin, i. ngarald 
 pass. ngara'Jd. 
 
 assistant (mate, comrade), ]:a'-nga^ranit, c.pl 
 ],a'-7iga'ral: 
 
 at (by), l.u. Ex : dilca lunjaseW lio gioo'nlu 
 haba = to-day my brother was at father's. 
 
 at least (tlie last, end), niulol; f. 
 
 at present (now), sitna''na. 
 
 attack (to surprise), muddya, pres. mumuddya, 
 perf. amuddya, i. mute', pass. mutd. 
 ' attired (to be dress(d, to clothe, to dress), j'tt/M, 
 pres. Juju/ii, perf. ajufii, i.Jufuiii. 
 
 auditor (hearer), J.ayi'nganit, c.pl. layi'ngal-. 
 
 vide yiiig. 
 
 aunt (mat.), saseir-yangu ; (pat.) t^aseir-le- 
 
 momgi. 
 
 autumn (1st rains), /./sser ; (during and after 
 
 rains), jabd'. 
 
 avarice (envy, greed), belet, n. vide be. 
 I avenger (chastiser), Icari'nganit, c.pl. 7.ori'- 
 
 ngaJ:. vide rzHgt. 
 
 avoid (to pass by. to make a circuit), lenggu, 
 1 pres. lei ngiju, perf. alenggu, i. lenggi. 
 ' awake (to awake), furue, pres. fufurue, perf. 
 
 afurue, i. furuen^. 
 I aWake (to raise, to set upright), wj/t', pres. Jige'- 
 
 ji^t', perf. a-ngi, i. ngirn, pass. J'gr^/M. 
 awake (to set up), ngiju, pres. ngi-ngijii, perf. 
 
 a-ngiju, i. ngiju. vide ?if/«. 
 I awaken (to wake, to rouse), tc/ngien, pres. 
 
 toto'-H,ien, perf. ato'ngien, i. toto'ngine. vide 
 
 ngien. 
 
70 
 
 ENGLISH -BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 away, ri (a sufBx with meaning away from a 
 place). 
 
 awry (crooked, not straight), rego (arego), c.pl. 
 regijdt. Ex : nielo Icilior arc-go = this tower is 
 Dot straight. 
 
 axe, tuhi. 
 
 B 
 
 back (o.f men and animals), lidir, f.pl. Iklirino. 
 
 back (backwards, from behind), cdolddir {alo- 
 liidir), adv. vide lidii: 
 
 back (hum])), rug. 
 
 backbite (slander, falsely accuse), mang, pres. 
 mamang. perf. amang, i. manggl, pass, manga. 
 
 backbiter (slanderer), Immanganit, c.pl. l;a- 
 mangah. vide mang. 
 
 backwards, alolddir, adv. vide liidir. 
 
 bad (evil lazy), 6io- (only used in conjunction 
 with mo and to'), vide mohnr and iohur. 
 
 bad (wicked), hiron, f. nardn, pi. Idroh, f.pl. 
 
 bad, make, fohur. pres. tolohur, perf. aiohur, 
 i. tohure, pass, tobiiro. vide ii^r. 
 
 bad (evil, wicked), longon, f. nangon. 
 
 bad, make (lead astray), toron, pres. toioron, 
 l^crf. atoron, i. torony^, pass, toronya. 
 
 bag (small), lusuru, f.pl. Jcusurnot. 
 
 bake, /e^/w, pres. fefeyii, perf. afe'yii, 1. /t7e 
 (,/e?); pass. /(S?o. 
 
 baker, kafe-lonit. c.pl. lafeloh. 
 
 bald (literally, like stone), «?^7e, c.pl. aWlya. 
 Ex: Ince-hiot ahle'ngtfO? = vfhj i.s your head 
 bald? vide ?e?e (also rock, stone, ZeZe, f.pl. 
 Ze/(/o). 
 
 band (bandage). /?^e<, f.pl. ^<t![yV. vide .^/. 
 
 baptize (to waih). laldjx, pres. lalaju, perf. 
 alalaju, i. Jalaji, pass. 7o?o. vide /«7«. 
 
 baptize (literally, to wash with holy water), 
 hda-lo-fiom-ii ngum. 
 
 bare (bald, like a stone ; rock, stone), /e/e, f.pl. 
 ZeZ^a, D. aZe?. Ex : Tj/ro/ /,o 7eZ?/rt lodir (Jore) — 
 there are many rocks in the Tyrol. 
 
 barren (sterile — of men and animals), ^rtjjgi, n.jjl. 
 hangin. 
 
 barter (to exchange), togivo, pres. iotogwo, perf. 
 atogico, i. iogwon^, j^ass. togtva. 
 
 barter (exchange, goods bartered, inheritance, 
 heritage), luuuttt, f.pl. laruttijt. 
 
 barter (to exchange), l.urnt, pres. l;alarut, perf. 
 ala id. i. harutc, pass, larutd. 
 
 basket (big), lii/d, ni.pl. lufil'in. 
 
 basket (small, used also as a measurement). 
 Icortt, m.pl. I.ore'tji. 
 
 bai, luluIuJu. 
 
 bat, ZkAmZi///. m.pl. hdiduh'ct. 
 
 bathe, J.uii, pres. ludlivo. perf. ulicd, i. Inivni. 
 
 batter (to ram, to beat down), rit, pres. rum, 
 perf. fl>((, i. ritde, pass. r«fZ«. 
 
 be (to remain), ga-on, pres. jth-oh, perf. agicou 
 (often also gtcon), i. gice. 
 
 be (to exist), literally gicondd. Ex: (Zo 
 gicon dd lo ««7i ? = what are our relations? 
 nan givon-dd /.o do? — what's the matter? vide 
 gtcon and add. 
 
 beads (of red glass), landreti, f.pl. Z.-rf« ore (also 
 «oce). 
 
 bean, hfutu; (beans dried), liifutu ZoieoZ.- (also 
 »oror«;i). 
 
 bear (to bring forth), tadu, jjres. iatadu, 
 perf. atadu. i. tadunih, pass, tadiie. Ex: the 
 mother has borne a son = ?i(/oZe atadu tore. 
 
 bear (to carry), doggu, pres. dodoggu, perf. 
 adoggu, i. doggi, jiass. (Zo'.Vo. 
 
 bear hither (to carry hither, to hold, to 
 raise, to lift, to float along on the water), dulnim, 
 pres. dudulntm, perf. udul;um, i. fZuAtt, pass. 
 diL^ue (dtiliCL). 
 
 bear hither (to bring, to carry about), yega^ 
 pres. ye'ijega, perf. aycga, i. j/egfJ, pass. j/e'Z.a. 
 
 beard (hair on the chin), lofir-ti-nyektm. 
 
 bearer (carrier, messenger), hai/clcanet, c.pl. 
 layehal:. vide ?/e(/a. 
 
 bearer (carrier), liudolonit, c.pl. ladohol: vide 
 (Zo(ygf((. 
 
 bearer (of sacrifices, priest), l;aijehanei-lo- 
 rohangga, pi. laye'.al-ti-rohangga. vide yegfo 
 and rdbangga. 
 
 beat, g^u-Jf/, pres. gitugu-ut, perf. agwut, i. 
 qwide, pass, gwutl. vide 6iif and 6^7, D. f/!(ot 
 
 beat (to fasten, to nail, lo strike, to drive in), 
 hil;. pres. heheh, perf. aZ*eA-, i. Z*eZ.c, pass, helco. 
 
 beat, Z'M^ pres. buhid, perf, aftuZ, i. hute, pass. 
 Z)i<^o. vide 6(7. 
 
 beat (to lash, to scourge), Z>i7, pres. hihit, 
 perf. ahit, i. lite, pass. Z*i7o. 
 
 beat back (to chase, to drive away), dungitn, 
 pres. dudungin. perf. adungun, i. duiigu, pass. 
 dungue. vide (Zohj;. 
 
 beat (with the bare hand), Jirtng, pres. Jittwongr, 
 perf. anang. i. na)ige, pass, nanga. 
 
 beater, lahitouit, c.pl. lalitdJi. vide 6^7. 
 
 beater, lahutiinit, c.pl.J,oZ*u/a.'. vide Z>(/Z.* 
 
 beautiful (to be), l.u-elen {huelen"), pres. Zrzrc- 
 lice'.en. perf. aliUrlen, i. Iwelejige. 
 
 bed camp (sleep), dotoet, n pi. dotoetji. vide 
 (Zofo. 
 
 bed of river (channel), lare-hgnlu, m. vide 
 Zo_/((Z«. 
 
 bee, «.'«•((. 
 
 bee-hive, oioroi, f.pl. otortji. 
 
 beer (mcrissa, from durah), ?/((((«. 
 
 beetle, ?//?>/. l.pl. Z//Z/,'o (lihyii). 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 n 
 
 befall (to meet ; to shoot dead), l-el; pres. l;e];eh; 
 jierf. al;el; i. leji, pass, lu'lai. 
 
 before (for, sooner), heron, vide Gr. 101 and 110, 
 also i -heron. 
 
 before (in front), mjerot. Ex : nan tn njerot = 
 I am going in front. 
 
 beg (pi'ay, to entreat), mo, jn-es. memo, perf. 
 II mo, i. mole, pass, luolo. 
 
 beg (to obtain by begging), njo-njolija, pres. 
 iKjo-ivjolija, pevf <(-nijo-nijolija, i. ngon'jolije. 
 
 beget (to produce, to create, to build, to form, 
 to make), [jweja, pres. (ju-e,juieja, perf. wjwe'ja, 
 i. 'jioeje, pass, ijivea (also giveya). 
 
 beget (to produce ; to show), tomeddya, pres. 
 lotomeddya, perf. utomeddija, i. tonteddih, pass. 
 
 begin (to commence), sidu, pres. siisuln, perf. 
 c^tdii, i. sulnne, pass, sulua. 
 
 begin, sidttja, pres. susuluja, perf. asuhijd, 
 i. sidiine, pass, sidaa. vide s;(^(. 
 
 beginning (commencement), s/(7((rt (siisnlna), n. 
 
 beginning (of the rainy season), /./sf^r (l.-iscr), f. 
 
 behind, from (back, backwards), ulolddir 
 ("?(>.',/(?//•), adv. vide lidir. 
 
 behind, /-?JOf. 
 
 behold (to see), 7ne/e, pres. memele, perf amele, 
 i. inelew', pass. mt'<((. viile jue. 
 
 belief (faith), y»/e< (y ifet). vide ?/«/. 
 
 believe, ?/»/. i^res. yxyiif, perf. o^/"/, i. y/^'', 
 l);"tss. ^"/o. vide ?/'(Z*o. 
 
 believe (to make), toynf, pres. totoyuf, perf. 
 iiloijKf. i. toyiife, pass, toyitfo. vide i/»/. 
 
 believer, l:ayufoiiit, c pi. hayufo^;. vide yxZ*. 
 
 bell, hinjiitot, m.pl. lumjuo {hnhjutotji). 
 
 bell (goat), Jol;obo. 
 
 bellow (to roar), rumoa, pres. riinimon, perf. 
 iirtimon, i. rumdnili. 
 
 bellows, /////./f, n.])l. yul-iten. 
 
 belly ( paunch). /('/e, f.pl./t'/e/rt. 
 
 belly (body, stomach ; also for, me, the, etc.), 
 mii'iiin {mojon), f.pl. itr/A-. 
 
 belongings (possessions), toUen, f.pl. toliengi. 
 
 below (beneath, under, among), lul'ali, adv. 
 and prepos. 
 
 bemoan (to mourn), ynran, pres. ynynran, perf. 
 injiiran, i. ?/-7rt;. 
 
 bench (stool), s/(/e<, n.pl. sidetji. 
 
 bench (form, board, target), <((/.■«, f.pl. tal:ajln. 
 
 bend (to bow), f?". pres. dadu, perf. oc?((, 
 i. (?'(?(■; pass. fZ''?e. Es : Iwdinl adu mitgnn = 
 the tree is bowed down. 
 
 beneath (below, under, among), lul-(il:, adv. 
 and prepos. 
 
 bent (crooked, curved), Inlivooii'j, f nal^tcd'onj, 
 ]il. hfju-olo.id'r, f. pi. na^iwo'o)pjo'i: 
 
 beseech (to pray), moyn, pres. momoyii, perf. 
 (inioyii, i. HioV (vwyi), pass. J)io/o. Ex : moyita 
 {mo'e'tu) Nijun = beseech God. 
 
 beside (near, by), didiiKjo. vide rfmr/o. 
 
 beswear (to soil, to anoint), iceya, pres. 
 iceivcya, perf. aioeya, i. loei, pass, loe'm. 
 
 betray (someone), hnronohin, pres. i)(«6((- 
 ronbldn, perf. cdmronoldn, i. huronold, pass. 
 
 betroth (to promise marriage), de'faldn, pres. 
 dedef aid n, perl. udefaldn,\. de'/ahe, pass, depahi. 
 
 better (more), &/«. 
 
 bewitch (to charm), demha, pres. dc'demha, 
 perf. ade'niba, i. dcmhi, pass. f?(''Hi((. 
 
 bewtched, be, dema, pres. de'dema, perf. 
 adema, i. demane. 
 
 bidder (the highest), Icaftdanit, c.pl. Icufntul;. 
 yidefut. 
 
 big (worthy, to merit, deserving), l-arudya, 
 pres. ludiunidya, perf. aharudyn, i. lurudye. 
 
 big bird (tlie feathers being used as a head- 
 dress), (jKrd'i, l.pl. gttrd\-an. 
 
 big Nile duck, (jogol;, n.pl. (jojoIckii. 
 
 big sack (bag), hafenggo, f.pl. lafenjgoat. 
 
 big turtles, ngyer, f.pl. ngyeijin, D. jjyf'r. 
 
 bigger, nja-njaddu- vide ngaddn. Ex : t?<7i(f 
 aiijan'/oddii — the w^oimd has become bigger. 
 
 bind (to fasten), ?or, pres, <o/or, perf. otor, 
 i. fort', pass. ior.(, 
 
 bind (to be in chains), rfA-, pres. rere/r, perf. 
 ore.',- (iirereJi), i. re/,r, pass, rerelcd. 
 
 bind (to tie up), ^f, pies. ^y?<, perf. ((_^f, 
 i. _/t/f', pass. _^<f(. 
 
 bind (to tie), mo/j, pres. momon, perf. amon, 
 i. mononc, pass, monya. 
 
 bind (to tie ; to catch, especially mice in a trap), 
 /o/.', pres. /oZo.'-, perf. o/o/.', i. /o/.r, pass. laid. 
 
 bird, rinjioat {ringuat), f pi. rinjicatan. 
 
 bird, Iwenti, f.pl. Incen. 
 
 bird's nest (bird-house), Icadi-na-lnoen, pi. 
 ]:adijili'-ti-l-'wen. 
 
 birth (delivery, womb), ymigiiel, n. 
 
 birth, tadiiet, f pi. tadnetji. 
 
 bite, A-o^fyi, pres. lolcoun, i)erf. (ilcoun, i. A-om, 
 pass. /^oa. 
 
 bite, /.o, pres. 7.o7.o, perf oAo, i. /lOJi^, pass. 7i-o.(. 
 Es : luije' dionj aha ?!«« = yesterday a dog bit mc. 
 
 bite, imjo, pres. l;ol-oJa, perf. al-qja, i. /.q//, pass. 
 /.Of. Ex : n (Ji o/.ort rf/ sionj — I have been 
 bitten by a dog. 
 
 bite (to peck; see also "to chop, to fell, to cut 
 oft'"), ZoA, pres. totol:, perf. alo'.;, i. tola', pass. toho. 
 Ex : the snake has bitten me = munii atok nan. 
 
 bitter {nour), fusnsna, c.pl.s, 
 
 bitter (sour), fotno,; c.pl.s. 
 
 black, Jiiruo, f. nuruo, pi. hirao';, f.pl. naruol: 
 
 black ant (small), mulcunyet, m.pl. mnlun. 
 
 black ants (big), simsime, m.pl. simsim. 
 
 black ibis, luicdcnng, f.pl. Jnwummgan. 
 
 black stone (which when ground is used for 
 gl.izing), yoda (t/odn), n.pl. yodnol. 
 
72 
 
 EXC4LISH-BARI VOCABULARY 
 
 black viper, kitnu, fpl. hitnton. 
 
 blacksmith (urtisan), tundnit, m.pl. iomouol: 
 
 blessed (blissful, happy, also rich), lacorinit, 
 c.pl. hicoriniho. 
 
 blessed (inhabitants of heaven), nfjuti(-yenrj-l:i. 
 vide yen;/ and /,/. 
 
 blessing (praise), ratet, f.pl. ratetji. 
 
 blessing, the (the sprinkling), (jwatet, n.pl. 
 (jivKtetJi. 
 
 blind, modoli'. c.pl. modoleno. 
 
 blissful (blessed, happy, rich), Iwdrinit, c.pl. 
 hwdrinild. 
 
 block up (to shut), tiW:, pres. titih, perf. utitil;, 
 i. titihi'. pass. titiJ.o. 
 
 blood (drop of), rimatat. f.pl. rima. 
 
 bloodsucker (a small bird which sucks blood 
 from animals), l.icelani, m.pl. hivehan. 
 
 bloody, arima, c.pl.s. Ex : do arima = you 
 have blood fin you. 
 
 bloody (to make), torima, pres. totorima, perf. 
 atorima, i. torimane. vide rima. 
 
 blossom, ti(rd, pres. tnturij, perf. aturo, i. 
 tnrone. 
 
 blossom (flower), loturoni, f.pl. hoturon. vide 
 f«?o. 
 
 blow (blow with the iist), jol:et, m.pl. jolietji. 
 vide ./o/.-. 
 
 blow, the (the fastening, the fixing), helcet, 
 n.pl. helcetji. 
 
 blow^ (box on the ear, slap in the face — with the 
 hand), masu, m.pl. 
 
 blow (to breathe, to rest, to repose), yuhan, 
 pre?, yiiyulani, perf. ayiilan, i. yule'. 
 
 blow up (to burst into i^ieces), rih, pres. ririh. 
 perf. arih, i. r/?e', pass. rila. 
 
 blow (an instrument), hut, pres. lulnd. perf. 
 o/.;(f, i. /.yfc'. pass. /.v(f((. 
 
 blow (the nose), nyondya, pres. ngo-ngondya. 
 perf. a-nijondya, i. mjondi, pass, nyo-ngo. 
 
 blue, murye, c.pl.s. vide Jomurye. 
 
 blue, Jomurye, f. narimrye. p'.?. 
 
 blunt (uncut), I'o/*/?;, f. juitun, pl.s. Ex : 
 ivcdelio lotiin {(dotiin) = my knife is blunt; r/or 
 m/o nutun (imatuti) = my lance is not sharp. 
 
 blunt (to make), <o^ni, pres. tototun, perf. 
 atotun, i. totunric', pass. toUniye. 
 
 blunted, (jwu'tu, c.pl.s., f/itvf^ c.f. 
 
 bluster (to storm, to rush), «Hfo, pres. vuiij, 
 perf. aitu[,d. 
 
 boar, (fr/, pi. Mr?/ti, in. 
 
 board (target, form, bench), tola, f.pl. taM'Jin. 
 
 boast (tobrag),in/r«/.mf72/o, pres. mimiraldiidya, 
 perf. umirahindya, i. miralindyeV 
 
 boat (skiflf), Inho-lodit, ijI. lihq,'in-hdtdil-. 
 
 body (belly, stoffach, for, me, thee, etc.), mugun 
 (moi;oii), fpl. ter//.- (mugiinya). 
 
 boil, u-aJala, pres. ivaicalala, perf. mcahdfi, 
 i. u-alalune. Intransitive. 
 
 «/n, pres. ninin, perf. rm/M, 
 ./?r, pres. ./?/ir. perf. ((_^r, 
 ?M, pres. /;//!/, perf. «/«', 
 
 boil, toicididd. pres. totou-ahda. perf ctfoica- 
 hild, i toivaliinf', pass. iccd(da. Transitive, 
 boiled fat (as a soup), hafutat. f. 
 bolt (bar), riijlht, m.pl. rigiletji. 
 bone (of jaw, jaw), hmhe, m.pl. hmhyot. 
 bone (leg), luyntyo. m.pl. /.h^/c 
 book (text, writing), v:>iret, f.pl. icu'retji. 
 border (boundaiy), hlokorit, m.pl. loloLorftan. 
 border (corner, edge), hngicet Qonguet), m.pl. 
 
 border, si,'o, pres. sisijo, perf. «8<|/'o, 1. s^yc', 
 pass. s/o. 
 
 bore (screw, dull) 
 i. ?(««('', pass. ?!??io. 
 
 bore (to pierce), 
 i.jire'. pass. /zr«. 
 
 bore (to pierce), 
 i. <((7<'', pass. tuJo. 
 
 bother (to vex, to annoy, to be concerned), 
 darjii, pres. dadarjii, perf adarju, i. darje'. vide 
 
 bottle (generally a gourd skin), here, f.pl. 
 
 bough (branch), lene, f.pl. lenya. 
 bound, be (to be treated a.s a slave), inojiya, pres. 
 mo^monya, perf. amo'nya, i. monojt. vide nio^. 
 boundary, lololorit, m.pl. lololoritai}. 
 boundary (limit ; column, furrow, chink, rent), 
 
 bow (for shooting), dang, n.pl. dunghi. D. 
 fZ«»i;/ (d«n). 
 
 bow (to bend), c??/, pres. dudiL perf. «(/«', 
 i. di(7(', pass. (7?/7e. Ex: lodini adu mugun = 
 the tree is bowed down. 
 
 box (chest, coffin), lofor, f.pl. loforo. 
 
 box (on the ear, slap in the face, a blow with 
 the hand), masu. 
 
 boy, lolifonit, m.pl. lolifonoJ:. 
 
 boy (girl, child), nguro, c.pl. nguajil;. 
 
 bracelet, si'l^u-afat (sfluatat). n pi. sihtca 
 (sfJnia). 
 
 brag (to boast), miralindya ,inea. mimiraldiidya, 
 perf. anurahindya, i. miraldndye'. 
 
 brain, Irunyitut, f. 
 
 branch (bough), /.ewe, f.pl. henya. 
 
 branch (little branch, twig), hene-nudit, pi. 
 l:enya-nadldil:. 
 
 brand (conflagration), nolet, f.pl. nd'lcetji. Tide 
 nol;an. 
 
 brass (copper), dumoddi, n.pl. dumodd. 
 
 brave (good), lobut, f. nabut, pl.s. 
 
 bread, muntye, f.pl. muntyelan {muntyeian), also 
 /./?«((. 
 
 break, heleng, pres. hehe^leng, perf. ale'leng, 
 i. helengc'. pass, helengo. 
 
 break (to break off, to pick off), givalali, pres. 
 gtcagicalal; peif. agivdUah, i. gundake, pass. 
 gicdlalca. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 73 
 
 break (to break to pieces), /e/.en, pves. fefe'hen, 
 perf. (ifeke'n, \.felxenye, \^&3S. felic'mja. 
 
 break (of its own accord, to burst, to 
 spring), riya, pres. rirhja, perf. ariya {aria), 
 i. riyc. 
 
 breakfast, mje-na-lcoyxre. 
 
 breast (of animals), jmj;;/.', L\i\,jiij}ilon. 
 
 breast (of men), ludo, pi. lidol-i. 
 
 breast (of women), himd, l.pl. l;inutji. 
 
 breath (sioli). ynl;et, l.pl. yiThetji. 
 
 breathe (to blow, to rest, to repose), yiil.an. 
 pres. yiVyulan, perf. <iyul;an, i. yiila'. 
 
 breathe (to breathe upon, to breathe into, to 
 inspire), yuhahiii, pres. yuyiChahin, perf. a- 
 yuhalcin, i. yulmld, pass, ynhahi. 
 
 breed (to hatch). toyUfpies.fotoya, perf. atoyu, 
 i. toi (tole). pass, fu'lo. 
 
 brew (to cook), toyong, pres. totoyony, perf. 
 atoyonij, i. toyo-n<,eiw, pass, ioyonge. 
 
 bridegroom (bride), hayemanit, c.pl. layemali. 
 vide yeniba and ye'ma. 
 
 bright (shining), milyamj, c.pl.s. 
 
 bright (pure, clear), Zo/i-e, f. na/.e, i^Ls. vide 
 /o/.'we. 
 
 bring, jon. pres. Jojon, perf. ('./on, i. ./o (Jotd), 
 pass. y^'e. E.K : tjok ^'qy'oM do l;unye le — 1 will 
 bring you other milk. 
 
 bring, Jondya, pres. Jojondya, perf. ajondya, 
 i. j'ondi, pabs. .,'?<"e. vide ./o?i. 
 
 bring (to ofier, to dedicate), yelcaMn, pres. 
 tyj'haldn, perf. ayeliCildn, i.yehahi, pass, yekahi. 
 vide 2/er/a. 
 
 bring (to give), j/c/.', pres. yeyel; perf. o^/e/.', 
 i. //fi/rc', pass, y^'ka, vide 2/e;/a. D. j/e/i. 
 
 bring up (to bring up, to feed, to nourish), 
 i/nddii, pres. yuyuddii, perf. lyitddu, i. yudde, 
 pass. yiCta. Ex : minujil; lodidiJ: yuyutu lo le 
 ti iKj'ote ■=. little children are brought up on their 
 mother's milk. 
 
 bring up (to nurse), deha, pres. dc'dtha, perf. 
 ade'ba, 1. dahi. 
 
 bring (to bear hither, to carry alout), yega, 
 pres. ycyega. perf. ayc'ga, i. yegi, pass, ye'ka. 
 
 bring back (bring hither), nyolun, pres. nyo- 
 injuJiitn, i^erf. anyulnm, i. nyolii, pass, nyolrne. 
 
 bring forth (to bear), <((c/m, pres. tutudu, 
 icrf. afadii. i. tadiinih, pass, tadne. Ex : the 
 mother has borne a son = H;/o<e utadu tore. 
 
 bring forth, yungiie, pres. yuyungue, perf. 
 aiiiVngue. i. yungueyii. 
 
 bring (stmetliing for someone), jalln, pres. 
 jiijdldn, perf. ajalin, i.jali, pass. jaW. 
 
 broad, higalang, f. rwgalung, jsl. lugalangal;, 
 f.pl. iia<j(di(iii/i(l-. 
 
 broad path (road, especially for animals), ZHr/f, 
 ID. 1)1. hiriten. 
 
 brood-hen, sit'L-nri-l.vdue, n.pl. so'J,oro-ludiie'l-C. 
 vide Indue'. 
 
 brook, golotot, l.pl. i,ulnjin. 
 
 brook, ?oro, m.pl. lorold (Ivrri'M). 
 
 brother, hmgase'r, m.pl. lungasisil:. 
 
 brown, lo'Jere, f. ncCjere, pl.s. 
 
 bubble (vide "to Uak, to drop "), (twi. 
 
 buck (he-goat), monig-meetyo, pi. niuuihen- 
 melan. 
 
 bud (germ, sprig-), hifeii, m.pl. /rc/e. 
 
 bud (of trees), 6//cm, pre:?, hib'dan, perf. 
 (dji'htn, i. hile' (tcilun). 
 
 buffalo, melor, f.pl. mekora. 
 
 build (a house), remha, pres. reremha. perf. 
 aremha, i. rembih, pass, rernr*. Ex: A«d« mo 
 aremu lohinga = my house was built this year. 
 
 build (to form, to make, to create, to pro- 
 duce), giveja, pres. gwe'giceja, perf. agtce'Ja, i. 
 gweje', pass, g'wea. 
 
 bullet (iron-stone, iron-nail), u-fyiite, f.pl. ««/?/". 
 
 bunch (bundle, packet), <ore<, f.pl. tu'retji. 
 vide ^or. 
 
 bundle (truss), 7t7e, f.pl. ?i<e/i (?t(e/,/). Ex: 
 Z«7e, nuderu = a truss of grass. 
 
 bundles, in (in parcels), ((//fe, adv. vide lite. 
 
 burn (to get on fire), yur, pres. ytiyur, perf. 
 <y^//(r, i. J/"*"'', pass. yiVra. Ex : »«?t (f?/"^ ''''"^* = 
 I set tire lo the house. 
 
 burn (trans, to scorch), tonol;, pres. totonok, 
 perf. atotwk, i. tonol;e', pass, tono'kd. ^ide nokan. 
 
 burn (iutrans.), uokun, pres. no'nokan, perf. 
 and'kan, i. moke'. Ex : /.adi Honokan = the 
 house is ou fire. 
 
 burn (intrans.), cZe^ff, pres. dede'ba, perf. 
 iide'ba, i. de/i?'. 
 
 burn (to catch fire, to take fire), <H?e, pres. 
 lu'tide, psrf. utii'le, i. tulene'. 
 
 burst (to spring ; to break of its own accord), 
 }-4?/«, pres. ririya, perf. «r/2/« (aria), i. r/?/e'. 
 vide r//^ 
 
 burst (to burst into pieces, to blow up), rih, 
 pres. ririh, perf. arih. i. ?v7e', pass. rila. 
 
 bury (to inter), n;^/.-, pres. nunnk, perf. «»«/.-, 
 i. 7iul,-e', pass. ?i«/.a. 
 
 bury (to dig), &o7.-, pres. bobok, perf. abok, 
 i. &o/.f'. pass. 6o/.a. 
 
 bush (thick wood), mnku, m.pl. mnkue. 
 
 bushes (especially bull-rushes, reeds), m.pl. 
 fd'dungi. 
 
 but (only), ama (stands only at the beginning 
 of the sentence). 
 
 butter (cream, fat, ointment), u-elet, pi. iceletji. 
 
 butter, (,ic6'n<,u'li, n. 
 
 butter (to make butter), (jwongga, pres. gwo- 
 gwongga, perf. agiconggu, i. gwonggi, pass. 
 givonga. 
 
 ' butterfly (a series of butterfly ; hare), likito, 
 f.pl. lil-it(iJ(iyn (likitqjin). 
 
 buttermilk, uxiji, f. 
 
 buttocks, vuyut m.pl. icin. 
 
74 
 
 EXGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 buy (to purcliase). (in-onoi, pics. gico_,u-oruii, 
 perf. agworun, i. ijicoric, pass, (lu-orue. 
 
 buy, gicUro, prea. (iimjicoro, perf. agicoro, 
 i. gicofoni, pass, gnome. 
 
 buy, gicontndijd, pres. gu-d;icorundijo, perf. 
 agicOrKnli/d, i. ijiconindij', pass, gicorue. vide 
 
 by (near, beside), didinjo. vide dingo. 
 
 by (at), /.■(^ Ex : <?//,•(( lungaser lio giconJruhitha 
 = to-day my brother Avas at father's. " 
 
 by (for, from, to, of, iiu.lcr), /i-a ?/(«(/ {liuyang). 
 vide Gr. 25. 
 
 by (from, to, him, lier), ha-njit (ka, instead of 
 /.« (/,o) and jif/e). vide Gr. 25! 
 
 by (from, to, thee), hd'-nut (Jco'nut). vide 
 Gr. 25. 
 
 calf, Imjya, pl.f. tagwoli. 
 
 calf (of medium size, half-growu), iagwoh, 
 pi masc. laji/d. 
 
 calf-bull, dwnt. 
 
 calf-cow, taliolc. 
 
 calf (of the leg), ludang, m.pl. ludangin. 
 
 call (to name), lung, pres. hdiing, perf. alung, 
 i. ?!(«j/(', pass, lungu. Ex: li/eZo Jiolifdnit 
 luJungu Wani = this boy is called VVani. 
 
 call (to name, to call for or be in want of some- 
 thing) vide lunggu. 
 
 call (to call for, to fetch), harara, pres. haharara, 
 perf. aharara, i. harara, pass, hararaji. 
 
 call hither (to invite), lungun, pres. Jidungun, 
 perf. alungun, i. Z(/7i(/« (Jungi), pass, lungu. 
 
 caller (crier), ladungunit, c.pl. halungok. vide 
 
 calm (to appease, to quieten), tolilija, pres. 
 iotoJiliJa, perf. atoUIiJa. i. tolilije, pass, iolilia. 
 
 calm (to quieten, to appease), toyng, pres. 
 totoynj, perf. atoyng, i. toynge, pass, toijnga 
 (toynga). 
 
 calming (consolation ; rest, repose), toyulid, 
 f.pl. toyiVketJi. 
 
 candle (light, flame), /arara, u.pl. /arrtra'jV". 
 
 canopy (tent), ?iaA-, f.pl. jm/ra. 
 
 cans (for milk), /e/('/i. 
 
 capture, mohet, f.pl. moletji. vide jno/i-. 
 
 carcass, luruo, n.pl. buruoIOn. vide buroii. 
 
 carefully, madamada. 
 
 caress (to fondle), hiryiiri, pres. hibiryore, 
 perf. ahiryore, i. biryor^. ■ 
 
 carousing (tippling, intoxication), n^eref, f.pl. 
 
 carpenter (joiner), hahefanit, m.pl. lialtffak. 
 vide A-e6a. 
 carpenter, lartfinanit, m.pl. larc'mal: vide 
 
 carrier (bearer), kadokonit, c.pl. kadokok. 
 v'dc doggu. 
 
 carrier (bearer, messenger), kaygkanet, c.pl. 
 kayekak. vide j/^'gra. 
 
 carrier (messenger), hajd'nganit, c.pl. Icajo'ngak. 
 vide JoHgr. 
 
 carry (to carrj' away " on wheels," to draw 
 away, to start, 1o drive away), u-iirijji. pres. 
 ivoworuji, perf. aicoroji, i. iriinijih {ivdrojine). 
 
 carry (to carry away, to lead away, to take 
 away), Jonfjr, pres. jojong, perf. ajonj, i. Jongd', 
 pass. JOT? gra. 
 
 carry (to carry about, to bear hither, to bring), 
 !/e/a, pres. yeyega, perf. ay^ga, i. j/egr/, pass. 
 ye'ka. 
 
 carry (to carry hither, to bear hither, to hold, 
 to raise, to lift, to float along on the water), 
 dukun, pres. dudiVkun, perf. adiVkun, i. dukii, 
 pass, dukue (dnl-ice). 
 
 carry on (to lead on).jikun, Y>YeB.jiJikun, perf. 
 ajikun, i. jiku, pass. jC'kue. \idejik. 
 
 carry (to bear), fZo/gfJt (^dogu), pres. dodoggu, 
 perf. adoggu, i. doggi, pass. dole. 
 
 cartilage (of the crocodile, the fiu of the fish), 
 gigi'ru. u.pl. gigirujin. 
 
 cartridge, Z««<, pi. Zo?/« ; (empty) ^^i7^. 
 
 case (quiver), gfit'oZo, n.pl. gicohjot. 
 
 cat (wild), gwang, n.pl. gicangan (alS3 bagwet, 
 pi. bagweya). 
 
 catch (to take, to keep, to load, to laden), ?yu 
 (icuju), pres. uiiju, perf. aiiju. i. wy"(7i, pass. ?yM. 
 
 catch (to seize), mo/.-, pres. monwk, perf. ojno/;, 
 i. ?Ho/.e, pass. »no/.-a (mokan). Ex : j/aro amoka i 
 dlli = the hippopotamus has been caught in the 
 pit. 
 
 catch (specially mice in a trap, to bind, to tie), 
 Ivk, pres. ?o/o/.-, perf. alok, i. ZoAf, pass. loka. 
 
 catch (to seize, to find), bunyekin, pres. 
 bnbunyekin, perf. abimyekin, i. bunyeki, pass. 
 hanyeki. Ex : ^» abunyekhi kold'nit = we 
 have caught the thief. 
 
 catch, /.•o?>, pres. Ao7.-ot, peif. «//oZ>, i. /ro/e, pass. 
 kd[fo. 
 
 catch (to seize, to take pritouer), iojong, pres. 
 totojong. perf. atojong.i. tojong€, pass, tojonga. 
 
 caterpillar, kuretei, pi. A«r«. 
 
 cattle, /.efen, pi. Hssit. .^ 
 
 cattle bell, lungutot, pi. lunguo. 
 
 cause (reason,' top, head, the first), Aice, f.pl. 
 kujik. 
 
 cease (to have finished), baka (seldom aka'), 
 pres. babdlca, perf. abd'ka, i. bakani. 
 
 celebrated (great, powerful), duma, c.pl. 
 temejik (used predicatively it is always te'mejik, 
 used attributively it remains, especially after 
 nom. agcniis, duma). 
 
 centipede, I uhim^ (also UUm€) ; (little red), 
 sihihca 
 
p:nglish-bari vocabulary. 
 
 75 
 
 certain (true), diri, c.pl.s., adj. Ex: nielo 
 diri = that is true ; sine nataldn nan do dirt = 
 what I have told you is true, adv. 
 
 certain (certaiu person, one, another), lele, f. 
 nene, m.pl. ludyc, f.pl. Icunij'i. Ex : lele hot lele 
 = one after the other ; lele lo lele = one ■with 
 another (one with the otlier). 
 
 chain, rerelcet. f.pl. reretetan. vide reJ;, 
 
 chain, ngorituf, f.pl. ngori (nyoritat, nijori'}. 
 
 chains (to be in, to bind), re/.-, vide " to bind." 
 
 chair, ruga, pi. ragajin. 
 
 challenge (demand), huret, n.pl. hurefji. 
 
 chamber (small room), hadi-nadet, pi. liadijil- 
 nadidik. 
 
 chameleon, guniiut, n.pl. gitni. 
 
 change (alteration, wrath, anger), woret, 
 f.]il. u-6'retji. 
 
 change (^to change one's condition), wora, 
 pres. u-owora, pcrf. aicu'ra. i. woranih. 
 
 channel (bed of river), Icare-ld'guhi, m. vide 
 Id'gitlii. 
 
 chaos (jumble, mixing together), torc'et, f.pl. 
 iore'etji. 
 
 charcoal, l-nly, f.pl. Ind,: 
 
 charcoal- (burning). /V/67/, f.pl. yV/o. 
 
 charge (to charge witli, to accuse), tidya, pres. 
 liiidya, perf. atidya, i. tidye', pass. tija. 
 
 charitable (to be), ioynmho, pros. iotoynmhU , 
 perf. atoyumlio, i. toynmhc. 
 
 charm (to bewitch), dtmha, pres. de'demha, 
 perf. ademha, i. demhi, pass, de'ma. 
 
 chase (hunting), ngoret, f.pl. nyorefji. 
 
 chase (to drive away, to beat back), dungitn, 
 pres. dudungnn, perf. adiingnn, i. ditngu, 
 pass, duugue. vide dong. 
 
 chase (to hunt, to drive away), riloio, pres. 
 ririlvro, perf. arihord, i. rihiiro, pass, rilioji. 
 
 chastiser (avenger), l-aringanit, c.pl. laringak. 
 vide ring. 
 
 chastity (purity, cleanliness), lelet, n. 
 
 chatter (prattle, narrate, relate), ngd-ngugn, 
 pres. ngu-ngiihin, pcrf. a-ngd-ngiUju, i. ngd- 
 ngdgi. 
 
 cheat, ladummanit, c.pl. liadnmmah. vide 
 (?/'■»(?«. 
 
 cheat (liar), ka-ngdydnit, c.pl. ka-ngdydk. vide 
 
 cheat (to deceive), dumha, pres. dudumha, 
 perf. adnmha, i. dumhe, pass, dumma. vide 
 
 cheat (to deceive), dinnm, pres. dndtfrnm, perf. 
 adirmm, i. dnmrne', pass, dumma. 
 
 cheek, ngcoi, m.pl. nge'jia (ngthya). 
 
 chemise (body-cloth), bonggo-na-miig>in, pi. 
 linnggiidt-ti-niiigun. 
 
 chest (of men), /.j'tio', f pi. lidd'ni. 
 
 chest (coflSn, box), /,o/or, f.pl. lo/dWo. 
 
 chicken, snl-nri, n.pl. sokoro. 
 
 chief (prince, princess), mated, c.pl. kimak. 
 child (boy, girl), ngdro, c.pl. ngdojik. 
 child-bed (woman in), /.-ay;;^*, f.pl. /.o)/o/. vide 
 
 chin, nye'^cem, f.pl. nye'-.ema. . 
 
 chip (splinter), ./f/ef, f.pl. Jele'tji (jeletji). 
 
 choice, «?((c( (u-nhiet), fpl. nlaetji. vide 
 
 choke (suffucate), furyd, pres. fnfuryd, pcrf. 
 afiiryd, i. furydni. 
 
 choke (to strangle, to kill), /o, pres. <o<(/, 
 perf. a^J, i. <o7e pass. ^'7o. 
 
 choose (to select), nynmld, pres. nyanynmho, 
 perf. anynmhd, i. nynmbe, pass, nyiimo. 
 
 choose (to select, to elect), wulun (^idim), 
 pres. u-iiiculun, perf, awulun, i. lu^f^t {nln'y. 
 pass, tcidue (nhtc). 
 
 choose (to select), ulnndyd, pres. nnhindyd, 
 jierf. auhindyd, i. tdnndye', jiass. «^(e. vide 
 wulun. 
 
 chop (to cut olt', lo fell ; also to peck, to 
 bite), /o7.-, pres. <o<o/,-, perf. flfo/i,-, i. io/.e, pass. 
 /o/.o. 
 
 chop (to cut), /or/«, pres. totogu, perf. atogu, 
 i. /ogf//), pass. <o/ro. vide /o/i'. 
 
 chosen, auhie. 
 
 christening (washing), /a/oe^, f.pl. lalaetji. 
 
 church, kadi-na-Nijiin, pi. kadijik-ti-Ngun. 
 
 cicatrice (scar), ^orikd, f.pl. mdrikdld. 
 
 circle (round), longet, f.pl. longetji. vide ?onf/. 
 
 circumcise (to cut), /»/((«, pres. tuiufun, perf. 
 atufun, i. /"/'f, pass, iufue. 
 
 circumcision (cut^ incision), <"/t/, f.pl. tufeiji. 
 vide tufun. 
 
 clap (clap the hands, hit with the hand). 
 nanggu, pres. nananggu, perf. ananggu,\. nanggi, 
 pass, nangija. vide 7iO«(/. 
 
 clash (growl, to snarl), «greH, pres. nge-ngen, 
 perf. angen, i. ngend' (ngendi). vide ^jrcw- 
 
 claw (nail on the finger or toe), mujinet, m.pl. 
 
 claw (paw, hoof), saJukuak, l.pl. salukuakan. 
 
 clay (manure, mud), /^/o, f.pl. lifolon. 
 
 clay (for jugs, bottles, &c.), Upo-na-safya, pi. 
 lifolon-ii-safya. 
 
 clean (to be), /it/«M, pres. kekelan, perf. akclan, 
 i. /.eZe. 
 
 clean (to purify), /o<, pres. /o/o/, perf. o/o^ 
 i. /o/f, pass. /ofo. 
 
 cleaning (purging, cleanliness, purity), tokelet, 
 f.pl. tokeleiji. 
 
 cleaning (things used for, especially soap), 
 fvtet,f.p\.fotetji. \ide fot. 
 
 cleanliness (puiiiy. chastity), keltt. vide 
 
 cleanse (to make clean), tokelan, pre.'. 
 totokilan, perf. atokelan, i. /o/ieZe. pass. /o7.-l'?o 
 {tdkclan^. vide /.-e/an. 
 
76 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 clear (pure, briglit), lohe, f. nalce, pl.s. vide 
 lolncf. 
 
 clear (to clear the throat), reta, pres. rereta, 
 pert", a reta, i. ntanih. 
 
 cleave (to adhere, to btick), deliba, pres. 
 dedebba, perf. adebba, i. dehbi. 
 
 cleave (to split), ]:agii, pres. l:al;agu, perf. 
 <iJia<i'i, i. hriji, pass. /.-a/ia. 
 
 clever, todo, c pi. bodndl (clever). 
 
 climb (to ascend), laice, pres. Tiildwe, perf. 
 (ildice, i. Ixiwene, f. /i/ya. 
 
 climb, dul;in. pres. dudnlin, perf aduldn, i. (Z((/,e'. 
 
 cloth (for loins, girdle), hafe'ra, f.t. 
 
 cloth (dress, stuff), bonggo, n.pl. hongguat, 
 D. hlJOIVJ. 
 
 cloth (worn round loins), bonggo-fitet, honggo- 
 na-fitet, pi. bonggnat-fitet. 
 
 cloth (for the head), honggo - na - lice, jd. 
 fco«.,(7"a/-//-/.ice. 
 
 clothe (<o dress, dressed, attired), ^c/h, pres. 
 Jiijiifii. perf. ajiifii, i.jufnni. 
 
 clothes, hongjuat. 
 
 cloud, fZ'7.0. n.pl. dilolo. 
 
 cloudy (dark, gloomy), d^or, c.pl..'. Ex : At « 
 diior i lolor = the sky is cloudy to-day. 
 
 club (stick, rod), lure, m.pl. taria (furya). 
 
 club (stick, cudgel), giontet, n.pl. gwutttji. 
 
 club (of iron), tnre-lo-reat. pi. turia-ti-reat. 
 vide re«L • 
 
 coarse (a coarse word of insult by the Bari, 
 the^ female loin covering), delen, n. 
 
 cock, loi/idan, m.pl. logiiloit. 
 
 coffin (chest, box), Ivfor, f.pl. loforo. 
 
 cold, latewt, c.pl.s. 
 
 cold (cough), yola, n.pl. yohaJd^n. 
 
 colic, mimhi. 
 
 collect, fefen, pves-fefen, perf. afefen, i. fefene, 
 pass fefena. 
 
 collect (to arrange, to put in order), tun, pres. 
 tntiin, perf a/;;/*, i. tune, pass. ^w'na. 
 
 collect (to gather, to pick up), Iwoddn, pres. 
 lacolavoddit , perf. al;ic(jddu, i. Invoddi Qnccil;- 
 udddi), i)ass. kicoio. 
 
 collect (to collect together, to assemble, to 
 unite, to join), fefennn, pres. fefe'nnn, perf 
 aftfeniin, i. feftnii . pass. /e/e7ii(e. 
 
 collect (for another, to arrange for another), 
 tunaldn, pres. tutnnaldn, perf. utunaldn, i. 
 
 collide, tc/igr^^i, pres. bubungun, perf. abungun. 
 i. biingii. 
 
 colour, gicesin, n.t. (gwetin). 
 
 coloured (spotted), loldrL f. naldri. pis. 
 
 coloured (spotted), naldri. vide lo^dri. Ex : 
 H(f Jict bonggo analdri = this dress is of different 
 colours. 
 
 column (rent, chink, furrow, limit, boundary), 
 n7e<, n pi. rilftji. 
 
 combatant (warrior, tempttr, seduc(r), liamov' 
 Unit, m.pl. I.amoidli. \ide moro. 
 
 come (to arrive, especially to land), dxr, 
 pres. dddnr, perf. arf'fr, i. dure. 
 
 come, fo, \)xes.fo/o. perf. a/o. i.fu. \)]. fota, 
 
 come (after, to follow), defect, verb, leforo. 
 
 come (to come again, to riturn), yitye, pres. 
 yiyitye, perf. ayitye, i. yityene. 
 
 come (to c 'me here, come liithcr approach), 
 yeitgnndya, pres. ypyengundya peif. ayei'giindya, 
 i. ye7igitndye. 
 
 come (to come hither quickly), nnnun, pres. 
 ruriimun, perf ariimun, i. rinmi. vide jvjk. 
 
 come (come mar, (o appr- acL), mijim, pres. 
 mimijiin, peif. amijini, i. ?«(/». 
 
 come out, Z"/e, jires. lulu/e. perf. alufe, i. /"/e. 
 
 come (willingly), deh-fofo, pres. dedelc-folo, 
 perf. adel;-fofo. i. del e'-fofo. 
 
 comfort (to console), S"grt, pres. si'snga, peif. 
 usiign, i. sii:.e'(si(g;e}, pass. .S((7.v(. 
 
 comfort (consolation, care, consolatory, argu- 
 ment), snl.-et, n.pl. siilet,'i. 
 
 comforter (consoler), kusitlanlt, c pi. l-asul-ak. 
 vide s^fjrc. 
 
 coming (arrival), /oe<, f.pl. foetji. vide/o. 
 
 coming (together in peace, union, community), 
 moret, f. vide mortf and 7nor. 
 
 command, S((re<, n.pl. saretji (law). 
 
 command (to order), yold,'pves. yiiyold, perf. 
 (iijold, i. yoldne, pasF. yoldo. vide yo'd,'o. 
 
 command (oider), yoldet, n.pl. yoldetji. 
 
 command (order, to), yold^o, pros, yuyoldjo, 
 perf. aylilii',0, i. yoJdJe. pass, yoldo. vide ^oW. 
 
 commander (master), layolonit, m.pl. layoldJ:. 
 vide yo.',/. 
 
 commander (master), l:afetanit, c.pl. l-afetah. 
 vide /e^ 
 
 commence (to begin), .?;Jm, pros. skshIii, (after) 
 asnhi, i. iiiliint. pass. S'lhia. 
 
 commencement (beginning), sm/*'*'/ (susuhia), n. 
 
 commit (adultery, to whore), dinrga, pres. 
 didingga, perf. adinyga, i. nuget, lo dingga.' 
 
 community (union, the coming together in 
 peace), moret. f. vide mora. 
 
 compassion (mercy, weeping\ vyintyiiret, f. 
 
 compassionate (to be, tender-hearted, to wi f p). 
 nynnyvri, pres. nyiinyuri, perf. < ^*/»^^yi(ri, i. 
 
 compassionate (merciful), /.•o-/o*/,-(/.'/-.'o?^('f, c.pl.s. 
 
 compel (to force), h7, pres. f.<;7, jjorf. a//^, i. 
 ^//e, pass. ^«7"' 
 
 compelled (to be compelled to obey, to make 
 hear), toyng, pres. totoyng. jierf. atoying, i. 
 toyinge, pass, toyinga. 
 
 complainant, nasistld. 
 
 complaint, ////ef. 
 
 complement (addition ; supplement), livenyet, 
 f.l>\. lucemjetji. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI 1^)CABULARY. 
 
 77 
 
 complicate (to fret), hiiburjij, pres. holcohnrjo, 
 perf. ahobirrjo, i. hohiirje, pass. Icoburo. 
 
 complain (to cry, to lament, to mourn), wongmi, 
 pres. ivowongon, perf. awongon, i. wonge. 
 
 complete (to supply, to restore), Invenialnn, 
 pres. kweliweniulnn, perf. ahwenialdn, i. liweniald, 
 pass, liiceniuli'i. 
 
 comrade (assistant, mate), lungaranit, c.pl. 
 lnVn'jaral;. vide ngaraldn. 
 
 conception, Jiijet, f.pl. ft'jetyi. vide figa. 
 
 concerned (to be, to vex, to bother, to annoy), 
 darju, i^res. dadarju, perf. adurju, i. darje. vide 
 dar«. . 
 
 conceive (to become pregnant), figa, pres. 
 fifiga, perf. «/?;/«, i.fige. 
 
 conceive (to become pregnant), fiharilnn, pres. 
 fifikarilun, perf afiharikin. \ic\e figa. 
 
 conclusion (issue; way out), dutet, n.pl. 
 diitetjin. 
 
 confess (to own), tnk, pres. tntnl;, perf. «^^7.-, 
 i. tike, pass. <((/.o. 
 
 confirmation (strengthening), togolet, fpl. 
 togoletji. 
 
 conflagration (brand), noket, f.pl. noketji. 
 vide nokan. 
 
 conquer (to be strong), ff, pres. tete, perf. r(<e. 
 i. tele, i)ass. <e/((. 
 
 conquer (to overcome), teya, pres. ieteya, perf. 
 ateya, i. <ei (tele'), pass. ie.V<. 
 
 conqueror, katikanit, m.pl. katikak. vide 
 
 conqueror, kafesanit,xa.Y>\.hafesak. yidefesun. 
 
 conqueror (victor), kutelanit, c.pl. katelak. 
 vide iet/.i. 
 
 consider (to tliink), ye?/e, pres. ye^/e, perf. ayeye, 
 i. yeyene, pass. 2/^2/0- 
 
 consolation (comfort, cure, consolatory, argu- 
 ment), s((/.e<, n.pl. saketji. 
 
 consolation (calming, rest, repose), toynket, 
 f.pl. tiyuketji. 
 
 consolatory (cure, comfort, cousolation, argu- 
 ment), suket, n.pl. suketji. 
 
 console (to comfort), suga, pres. susiiga, perf. 
 asuga, i. SH/.-e (sugge), pass. S'fX'rt. 
 
 consoler (comforter), kasukanit, c.pl. kasitkuk. 
 vide 8((gr(. 
 
 contemplation (view), rf/ref, n.pl. diretji. 
 
 contempt (scorn, dislain), murangget, fpl. 
 maran;/f/e(y«. 
 
 contradict, wonjerikin, pres. wowongerikin, 
 perf. aiDonjerikin, 1. wongerikih, pass, icongeriki. 
 Ex : I am always contradicted by you = jiaw 
 loaicongerlki ngiifi l;o do. 
 
 conversation (speech), knJyaet, f.pl. Inhjaetji. 
 
 conversation (talk, discourse), jame, m.pl. 
 Jamyat. xida /(cmhn. 
 
 converse (to say, to t^lk'),jamhu, pres. jajamhn, 
 perf. ajamhu, i. Jamhi, pass, jama, D. /<(m. 
 
 convey (lead astray, to try), mor, pres. mumiir, 
 perf. ((/«6'/-, i. miJri, pass, jwore (morn). 
 
 cook (to cook), (ier, pres. dec/er, perf. ader, i. 
 dere, pass. dera. 
 
 cook (to brew), toyong, pres. totoyong, perf. 
 atoyong, i. ioyongene, pass, toyonge. 
 
 cook, deryVf, pers. dedetja, perf. aderja, i. 
 rfer//, pass, rfent. vide (Zer. 
 
 cook (to roast), /e^/w. vide "to bake." 
 
 cook, kaderanit, c.pl. kaderak. vide cZer. 
 
 cooking, fZeref, n. vide cZer. 
 
 cooking stone, srrZef, pi. suletan. 
 
 cool (fresL), /i/.-, c.pl.s. 
 
 cool (not hot, not passionate, quiet-tempered, 
 gentle, meek), feto. 
 
 cool, to, tolig, pres. totoUg, perf. <(<o/tgr, i. ^oZtV.e, 
 pass. toUka. vide 7tA-. 
 
 copper (brass), dumoddi, n.pl. dumodd. 
 
 copper, reat-nator, (red iron), pi. re-nutor. 
 
 copse (bush, thick wood), muku, m.pl. 
 
 cord (thick cord for fishing), hadnru, n.pl. 
 Z^»fZ;<r»o<. 
 
 cord (roiDe), nekenet, f.pl nekenetji. 
 
 cork (stopper, cover), miiket, f.pl. muketji. 
 
 cork-tree, 'ut. 
 
 corn (grain, dura), idnti, m.pl. Z)o'o< (oZoi). 
 
 corn (grinder of corn), kaJUhut, fpl. kajlok. 
 vide jV/o. 
 
 corner (edse, border), longwet (longuet), m.pl. 
 longwetji (longnetji). 
 
 corner (of the eye), kujirat, f.pl. hujir. 
 
 corpse, atwon. 
 
 cotton, uviro. vide cotton thread = loaratat, f. 
 
 cotton (thread), vxiratat, f.pl. ware. 
 
 cough (cold), yol-a, n.pl. yokalan. 
 
 cough, to, yoka, pres. yoyoka, perf ayoka, i. 
 yokane'. 
 
 count, ken, pres. keke'n, perf. ake'n, i. /rejie', pass. 
 kena, 
 
 count, kcndya, pres. keke'ndya, perf. ake'ndya, i. 
 kendi, pass. />e'na. 
 
 count (to pay), lundya, pres. hdnndya, perf. 
 ahtndya, i. htndye', pass. hmya. 
 
 country (land),J*fr, m.pl. /(^ron. 
 
 country (region, place), _/ir/<, f.pl./in'ie'w. 
 
 country (region), didingit, n.pl. didingiten. 
 
 country (land), mudyng ■ (mnding), f.pl. 
 mt(cZ/«5r«?i. 
 
 couples (i)airs), murek-ko-mttrck. 
 
 courageous (powerful, strong, angry, wrath- 
 ful), /,((»(/«, c.pl. kangajin. 
 
 courageous (stout-hearted), tea, c.pl. toala. . 
 
 courageous (to be formidable), icayn, pres. 
 waiciiyu, perf aio<njn, i. z(?«i'. 
 
 course (run, haste), r timet, f. vide rom. 
 
 courtyard, ««;/ (hing), l.pl. rt«[/('n (hringi7i). 
 
 courtyard, hiing, n.pl. hmigin (ang). 
 
78 
 
 EXGLISH-BAM VOCABULARY. 
 
 cousin (relative), asonol: (wasonol-), n.pl. 
 asonoka (nsoitoLi). 
 cover (stopper, cork), mul-et, f.pl. mnlcetji. 
 cover (litl), rufel. f.pl. riifdji. vide rah. 
 cover (lid), lodhl. m.pl. lodiefji. 
 
 cover, mill; pres. mnmHl-, perf. amuk, i. miil-e, 
 pass, mil 1.0. 
 
 cover (cover, to shut), miigo. pres. mmnngo, 
 p. rf. amnio, i. mugo, pass. nmLo. 
 
 cover, to, ra6, pres. nirub, perf. rn-o?*, i. r«_/V', 
 pass. rrt/((. 
 
 covetous (selfish), I-o^-oj/k, pres. JioJ^oyu, perf. 
 ahohoyii, i. kolv'i. 
 
 cow, feng-nnniil-H'iin (liteng). 
 
 coward (a tiiuid person). ]niJ<Jnit,c.i->\.,kujdno],-, 
 
 cowherd, htyiilninit-lo^nayidjulc, pi. hcnjulnih- 
 ii-Ujnl:. 
 
 cow's milk, /f'. ^/, /.//enj/ (/e, </, Idjnl;). 
 
 cram, to (to fill up. to make full), for?7(r, pres. 
 totoUtii. perf. atvlitii, i. tolitiine, pass. W/fc 
 vide a^e. 
 
 cramp (paralysis), lotntuni.xa. 
 
 crash (to make a rumbliug noise), ringga, 
 pres. riringga, perf. nringga, i. ringge. 
 
 crawl (to creep), gu-ong, pres. gwogu-ong, perf. 
 agwong, i. girdngi. 
 
 cream (butter, fat, ointment), «-e'ef, f.pl. 
 weletji. 
 
 create, ^ojfw/, pres. totogwe, perf. atojive, i. 
 togwene, pass, togicea. vide gweja. 
 
 create (build,' to foim, to make, to beget, to 
 produce), ;/toey'", pres. gwe'gwejn, perf. agwe'Ja, 
 i. gweje, pass. gu-«x (also gweya). 
 
 creator (sculptor; also pjo-creatov. genitor), 
 Icagweanit, m.pl. hagiot'al;. vide givejo. 
 
 creator (maker), gweanit, l.pl. gwe'ak. 
 
 creep (to crawl), gicoiig, pres. gicogicong, perf. 
 (igicong, i. gicomji. 
 
 crest (crown, wreath), »rei, f.pl. uretji. 
 
 crier (calkr), kahmgunit, c.pl. kalungok. vide 
 
 crocodile (glands), Jomonti, f.pl. lomon. 
 
 crocodile, A/n/o, pi. kiniogen. 
 
 crooked (lame), ji^od/, c.pl. ngodeki. 
 
 crooked (curved, bent), lukii-olong, f. nakirooiig, 
 pi. htgicoIoiiiUk, f.pl. nalnio'ont,ok, 
 
 crop, gu-olokok, l.pl. gico'okokan. 
 
 cross, to (trans.), jjo;-, pres. j/og-or, perf. oroj-, i. 
 gore', pass. (/oro. 
 
 cross, /of/er/, m.pl. logerilen, of. D. af/e'r. 
 
 crow (raven) /.orM/r, m.pl. korukan. 
 
 crowd, lodirtt, f.pl. Jodiretji. vide /ocZiV. 
 
 crowd (mass), (7o)ne, l.pl. domeli. 
 
 crowd (to crowd round, to throng), f?/r/o, pres. 
 didirjo. perf. adirjo, i. rf«ye, pass. d» o. 
 
 crowd (to press, to fall on something), m»,/«, 
 pres. miimnju, perf. amuju, i. m;yV, pass; 
 
 crow^d (to throng, to press, to threaten, to 
 menace), jwHSit/.-, jires. miimiisiik, perf. amusiik, i. 
 miisnke, pass, mnsiika. vide hisiimiikat and miijii. 
 
 crowrn (crest, wreath), crt-f. f.pl. uretji. 
 
 cruel (to be terrible, to be horrible), lafuddn 
 pres. h(iafi:ddii. porf. ahifaddn, i. Infaddi. 
 
 cruel (horrible, terrible — lit. cruel iutentions) 
 kiitii-Jdfiiddii, c.pl. katajin-Jiifaddii. 
 
 crumb (scrap, small piece), »ios?<, f.pl. naHjik. 
 
 cry (lamentation of women), ocZio, 
 
 cry, to, gwiiiii, pres. gwigwicn, porf. agicien, i. 
 
 cry, to (to complain, to lament, to i^ourn), 
 wongoii, pres. icoicomjon, peif. atoongon, i. ivonge. 
 
 cry (cry of distress, lamentation), InJiitt, f. 
 
 crying person (mourner), kagivie, c.jjI. /.x/gr- 
 wic'jin. vide kagwie. 
 
 cudgel (stick, club), gwidet, n.pl. gwutetji. 
 
 cultivate (to plough), knrju, pres. kukiirju, 
 Tjieii.iikiirju. i. /.7(r/?, pass. /.■«?•«. 
 
 cup (giiblet, mostly made of gourd skin), dikdre, 
 m.pl. dikorijin. 
 
 curdle, to, gicoran, pres. gicogworan, perf. 
 agworan, i. gwore. Ex : Ze ar;iooran = the milk 
 has curdled. 
 
 cure (consolatory argument, comfort, con- 
 solation), siiktt, n.pl. siiketji. 
 
 cure (health), to/^iV?, f.pl. tobietji. 
 
 curry, ifor. vide "to tan, to scrape." 
 
 curse (slander, oftend), morjii, pres. momorju, 
 perf. amorju, i. morji. vide ?>20J'. 
 
 curved (crooked, bent), hikico'ong, f. nakicdJdno, 
 pi. lugwv'orfSk, f.pl. naku-oldmok. 
 
 cushion (or head), /.a/.vY, f.pl. Idkiian. vide 
 ydkit. 
 
 custom (use, habit, family, tribe), r/u^ea, n.pl. 
 gu-eajin. 
 
 cut (circumcision, incision), f»/e?, f.pl. titfe'tji. 
 vide tufun. 
 
 cut (to circumcise), tufun, pres. tidufiin, perf. 
 atiifnn, i. <*(/», pass, tufiie. 
 
 cut (to chop), <o;/«, pres. totogii, perf. aiogu, i. 
 <0(/i74 {take), pass, to/i'o. vide <oA'. - 
 
 cut off (to chop off, to fell, to peck, to bite), <o/,-, 
 pres. fofo/.-, perf. afo/.-. i. <o/.7-', pass. /o/.o. Ex : I 
 shall not cut down this tree = nan ti nyar toga 
 nielo, the snake has bitten me =znninu atok 
 nan. 
 
 cut (to cut off, to kill), dung, pres. dudung,]^ei{. 
 adiing, i. dunge, pass, diinijo. 
 
 cut (to reap), nger, pres. nge-n(,er, perf. 
 a-nger, i. ngere, pass, ngcra. 
 
 cut (to reap), ngerja, pres. nge-wjerja, perf. 
 a-ngerja, i. iigerji, pass, nge'ra. 
 
 cut (out something in a round), //(?((r, pres. 
 Z(//»r, perf. ahdur, i. hduri, pass, hdiirii. 
 
 cut (to saw), diing(,d, pres. diidii7i(n;o, perf. 
 adiing[o, i. dunggc'. pass, diinji. vide dung. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 daily (every day), loron-Umj. 
 dairy man (or maiil), haijiponganif, c.pl. hag- 
 icongxli. vide gwongga. 
 
 damp (wot), louyln, f. nauijn. Ex : /./ 
 anaxtjn l;otijang — iu the evening the air is 
 damp. 
 
 damp, Vihl. c.pl.s. Ex : l;udi alibi — the room ' 
 (the house) is damp. 
 
 dance, gicoja, pres. gwogwoja, porf. ogwoja, 
 i. gu-oji. 
 
 danger (darkness, tliickct), rudu, m.pl. 
 riuhid. Ex : nielo ngufu ahanga nge ti den 
 rudu = this man is courageous, he does not fear 
 danger. 
 
 dark mudwe (nvidue), c.pl.s. vide mue, D. 
 muod. 
 
 dark (gloomy, cloudy), duOr, c.pl.s. Ex: /./ 
 a diiiir i lohir = the sky is cloudy to-day. 
 
 dark (to get dark), mnse (nuii-o), pres. 
 mnmuse, perP. amuse, i museiii. cf. muk. 
 
 daughter (girl), nguro-nahwan, f.pl. vguujik- 
 icdte. 
 
 daughter-(in-law, son-in-law), hiiil, c.pl. 
 lutujin. 
 
 dawn, Jiehin, pres. l-ele'lun, perf. akelun, 
 i. ItJu. 
 
 da'wn, icaran, pres. icawaran, perf. atcaran, 
 i. H-a)-e'(impers.). 
 
 dawn, hud, pres. huhud, perf. dbiid, i. hnt^. 
 
 day, Zor, m.pl. /oron. 
 
 day (after to-morrow, later, still later), moJuhi. 
 
 day (before yesterday), Imjije'lu. vide hi 
 {haje'Iu). 
 
 daybreak, kohidtud, f. vide hud. 
 
 daylight (especially midday), /«ran, n. vide 
 titfaran. 
 
 dead (deceased), tuan, c.pl.s. 
 
 dead, lutua, f. natua, pl.s. vide lu (Jo) and 
 
 dead, half, hirue, c.pl.s. 
 
 dead person (deceased), ngutu-hdua. vide 
 
 dead Tvoman, ngutu-natua, f.pl.s. vide lutua. 
 
 deadly (mortal, poison), totuet, c.pl. tvtuetji. 
 
 deaf, ininge', c.pl. minge'ld, D. ?n»i(7. (*«in). 
 
 dear (expensive), gworogo, c.pl.s. vide gu-oio 
 and <7o. 
 
 death (manner of death), tuau, f.pl. tuana. 
 
 death, /"(y/, f. vide tuan. 
 
 death (to put to death, to kill), remhu. vide 
 ' to kill." 
 
 debt, morl, f.pl. moriet. Ex: do Ico mon'et = 
 yru are in debt. 
 
 deceased (dead man, person), ngidu-lutua, 
 m.pl.s. vide lutua. 
 
 deceive (to cheat), dumla, pres. dudumha, 
 perf. adumha, i. durnha, pass, dumma. vide 
 
 deceive (to cheat), dumm, pres. dudumm, 
 pf-rf. adumni, i. dumme', pass, dumma. 
 
 deception (fraud), dummet, n.pl. dumetji. 
 
 declare (to testify, to witness, to affirm), hveja. 
 pros. Inrr'I.'ineja, perf. ahu-e'ja.i. Inccji, pass, hiceya. 
 
 decline, domcf, n.pl. dvroifji. vide rfoj-o. 
 
 dedicate (to offer, to bring), yeLalrin, pros. 
 yeyet-al-iii, perf amel-al.iH,i.yeLali, pass, yehald. 
 vide (/e[/rf. 
 
 dedicate (to give a present, to give something), 
 ddl.-ahin, pres. dodohahin, perf. adokakin, i. 
 dokaki. vide fio//. 
 
 deed (act), /,oef, f.pl. /roei;/?. 
 
 deep, logulu, f. nagulu, pi. InguhdUk, f.pl. 
 nagulidok. 
 
 deep (in the deep, down, under, subterranean 
 world, earth). /,a7.-, f. 
 
 deep place (hole), rurro, f.pl. rurudki. 
 
 deepening (hole, excavation), jdruru, f.p]. 
 
 defame (slander), foro)idya, pre?, toforondya, 
 perf. atorondya, i. torondih (torony^, paes. 
 <ofd' ?)?/«. 
 
 defend (to protect), (/</, pres. r/flj/a, perf. fl<7a', 
 i. (/fty'/, pass, f/rtyo. 
 
 deliver (to release, to free), ?/o/.-o, pres. 
 yoyoko, perf. ayolo, i. yokone, pass, yukne. 
 
 deliver (to free, to rescue), ZroA-, p-es. luolnok, 
 perf. alidik, i. liiokl, pass, luuko. 
 
 deliverance (freedom, redemption), hiokit, f. 
 
 delivery (biith, womb), yunguet, n. 
 
 deluge (to oveiiiow), mulu, pres. imimidu, 
 perf. amuhi, i. mulune, pass, muhia. 
 
 demand (challenge), 6((ref, n.pl. huretji. 
 
 deny (to answer in the negative, to renounce, 
 to resign), renya, pres. rerrmja, perf. are'nyn, 
 i. renya mh, pass, renya'. 
 
 depart, tora, pres. hohora, perf. ahora, i. horantf. 
 
 depressed (to be sad), (^^jvf, pres. duduru, 
 perf. adiirii, i. duriini. 
 
 deprive (to take), dumundya. pres. dudumun- 
 dya, perf. adumundya, i. dumxndye, pass, dumue 
 {dume). 
 
 descend (to go down), (/(/rZ^f. pres. rf'(fZ«, perf. 
 adndii, i. diuliild'. 
 
 descend, kiwc-kak. vide /,/(cc. 
 
 descendant (son, offspring of animals), <f.;r, 
 m.pl. torela. 
 
 desert (wildtrness), t^rere, f.pl. tereryat. 
 
 deserving (to meiit, woithy, big), karudya. 
 pres. kakariidya, perf. akarudya, i. karudye. 
 
 designer (writer), kaurdnit, c.pl. kanruk 
 (J.au-iirul:). vide «y;(r. 
 
 desolation (devastation, prodigality, profu- 
 sion, waste), /.wvY, f.pl. l.ilrit/i. vide /.or. 
 
80 
 
 EXGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 desolation (destruction, robbery), rij(t]:et, f.p!. 
 rijdl.etji. vide ryagn. 
 
 despatch (to send), son, pres. soson, perf. ason, 
 i. sonyr. pass, sonya. 
 
 despise (to be unfriendly), ngonyo, pres. ngo- 
 ngonyo, perf. a-ngonyo (ci-ngo-ngonyo), i. ngo- 
 nyoni. 
 
 despise (to scorn), maranggu, pres. mama- 
 ranggii, perf. amaranggn, i. maranggi, pass. 
 
 destroy (to rob, to plunder), ryagii, pres. 
 ryaryagit, perf. aryagn, i. ryagili, pass. ryul;a. 
 
 destroy (disturb, to squander), /.or, pres. 
 lU'.cir, perf. a/.or, i. /.ori, pass. loni. 
 
 destruction (desolation, robbery), ryalef, f.pl. 
 ryalefji. vide ryagu. 
 
 devastation (desolation, prodigality, profu- 
 sion, waste), J.Urit, f.pl. Idritji. vide lijr. 
 
 devour (swallow, to gulp down), ivi, pres. 
 tciwi, perf. awi, i. it'/Ze, pass. w«7o. 
 
 dew, fiifntut, m..'p].fiifiitidji. 
 
 diaphragm (frame), roh (rop), f.pl. ropo. 
 
 diarrhoea (to have), buloto, pres. huhuloto, 
 perf. ahiiloto, i. hidotono. 
 
 die, to, tuan, ytrea. tuatuan, perf. afffo/i, i. tuane. 
 
 die (to dry up, to wither), toat'tan, pres. fofoa- 
 <»((7i, perf. atoatuan. Ex. : the tree is dying = 
 Jiodini toatitan. 
 
 dig (to bury), hoi; pres. hohol;, perf. «?;o/.-, i. 
 hol;€. pass. 6o/,n. 
 
 diminish (to shorten), to'iigntnt, pres. totongn- 
 tid, perf. ato'ngiitiit, i. td'ngiitiit^, pass, to'iignto. 
 
 dip (to immerse), milon, pres. mimilon, perf. 
 amilon, i. 7H?7e'. 
 
 direct (to judge), sar, pres. sasar, perf. asar, i. 
 sare; pgiss. sor«. 
 
 direct, sarju, pres. msarJn,'peiLasarJit, i. sajy'i, 
 pass. sara. 
 
 dirt (excrement), liorodoti, f.pl. liorodo. 
 
 dirty (filthy), hamm, c.pl.s. 
 
 dirty (filthy), ngueyo, c.pl.s. 
 
 dirty (filthy), l;orodo, c.pl.s. 
 
 dirty (filthy — of the road), icododo, c.pl.s. 
 
 dirty (only of men), ?((i, c.pl.s. 
 
 disagree (to meddle with), morja, pres. ?>io- 
 morja, perf. amorja, i. morji. vide ?Hor. 
 
 discontented (to be, to grumble), 2/»?en, pres. 
 yiiynh^n, perf. ayulen, i. ?/;/?e. 
 
 discontented (dissatisfied), tiliongiJn, c.pl.s. 
 
 discontented (to make), toyiden, pres. totoyii- 
 len, pref. atoyiden, i. toynJene, pass, toyule. 
 
 discourse (talk, conversation), Jame, m.pl. 
 jamyat, videjambu. 
 
 discovery (find), nVf, f.pl. r2e<y't. 
 
 disdain (scorn, contempt), marangget, f.pl. 
 
 disgrace (insult, irony), moret, f.pl. mCrctji. 
 vide irt(i>-. 
 
 dish, hdaha, fpl. halahajin. 
 
 dishonour (to insult, to outrage), /nji, pres. 
 Z/Z/»*i. perf. a?/m, i. /mi^, pass. ?/»»«. 
 
 dislocated (to l)e sprained). /^(<»(7.o, pres. //(//;- 
 tiiLo, pevL (tfiiti(]:o,i.fiitii]ionih. 
 
 disorder (to put in, to spoil), tulvr, pres. 
 tatnlvr, perf. atnhor, i. tuhiiiih, pass, tnhbro. 
 vide /.or. 
 
 .disorderly (dissolute), icoryo, c.pl. looryolan. 
 
 disperse (to scatter), totore, pres. totore, perf. 
 atofore, i. totorene, pass, totoreya. 
 
 disperse (for another), totoreJdn, pres. fotorekin, 
 perf. atotoreJnn, i. totorehih, pass, totoreli. 
 
 disputant (robber, wrangler), harial;anit, c.p!. 
 hitrialal;. vide riagii. 
 
 dispute (quarrel, fall out, fight), ?woro, pres. 
 mOnioro. perf. amoro, i. moroni. 
 
 dissatisfied (discontented), tiltongon, c.pl.s. 
 
 dissemble (to feign), fayu, pres. fafayn, perf. 
 ((fay II. i.fai, pass. _/o?a. 
 
 dissembler (hypocrite), Tcafalanit, c.pl. Itafalak. 
 vviefayii. 
 
 dissolute (disorderly), icoryo, c.pl. looryolan. 
 
 distribute (divide), gweya, pres. gu-e'gweya, perf. 
 agice'ya, i. gu-ei' (gwele), pass, gicela. 
 
 distribute (divide), l;orja, pres. holiorja, perf. 
 aliorjn. i. /.or/'* (Jmv^), pass. /lOrn. vide A-o;-. 
 
 disturb (destroy, to squander), /.or, pns. hiJlcUr, 
 perf. rt/.o>-, i. 7.0/-J, pass. /.oro. 
 
 ditch (hole), looion, f.pl. tcuwiilii. 
 
 ditch (grave), rf//z, n.pl. diV/ci. 
 
 divide (to distribute), //or/rt. pres. lokorja, pref. 
 aliorja, i. /.o/^y'z (Jiore'), pass. /.ora. vide Ao?". 
 
 divide (to distribute), gweya, pres. gicegweya, 
 perf. agic^ya, i. gwe'i {gwele), pass, gwela. 
 
 divide (to share), Aor, pres. kohor, perf. aAor, i. 
 Aoce; pass. Aora. 
 
 divorce, yayanju, pres. yayanju, perf. ayanju, 
 i. ynnji. 
 
 do (to make), Aon, pres. kolon, perf. aAow, i. 
 Ao/i^, j)ass. kona. 
 
 doctor, katobianit, c.pl. katohiak. vide <oMa. 
 
 dog, diong, l.pl. diongin. 
 
 dole out (to adapt something), temakin, pres. 
 tete'makin, perf. atemakin, i. temakih, pass. 
 ifmaAj. 
 doleb (palm), Ajra^/, f.pl. A)/a<. 
 dominion (kingdom), tumatyan, f. vide matat. 
 donkey, ka'ine, pi. kuinaki. 
 donor (re warder), karofanit, c.pl. karo/ak. 
 vide ro&. 
 door (opening), kotiimit, f.pl. kotumitji, cf. Hm'<. 
 dough (paste ; flour and water), murin. 
 dove, (/((re, pi. gur^jin. 
 down (in the deep, under), AaA, f. 
 drag (to pull along, to lead, to draw, espe- 
 cially cattle), jik, -j^iea. J ijik, perl, ajik, i.jike', 
 pass. j't'Ao. 
 
ENG LISH-BARI VOCABULARY, 
 
 1 
 
 drag (draw, to pull), //(/.-, pres. bdnJ,-, perf. 
 alnk, i. IkLi, pass, hil.-ii. 
 
 draw (vide to drag), /«/.-. 
 
 draw (for teeth), sa, pres. sasn, peif. asa, i. 
 sant, pas?. ««. 
 
 draw (drawing), uvir, Kumt. 
 
 draw (to draw, to write, to scratch), w:ir. 
 
 dravy (to lead, to pull along, vide to drag), ./tV.-, 
 pres. ./i"/V/,-, perf. aJiJ,', i. Jil:e, \->.\ss. J ilfl. 
 
 draw^ away (to carry away on wheels, to start, 
 to drive away), u-oroji, pres. looicoro/i, perf. 
 aiwioji, i. wuidjih (icorojiite). 
 
 draw out (to pull out), duttin, pres. dudntnn, 
 perf. adutnn, i. dtdii, pass, diitue. 
 
 draw (to lead, to pull), fil;, pres. fifih, peif. 
 fifil^, i. fih^. pass._/i/.o. 
 
 draw out (to pull out), fihun, pres. JifiJciin. 
 perf. ajikini, i.Jiku, pass, fikne. videfik. 
 
 draw (water from a well), di/midya, pres. 
 didi/imdya, perf. adifiindija, i. difundue, pass. 
 
 dread (to be afraid), knjono, pres. kukiijono, 
 perf. akiijono, i. knjononi. 
 
 dream, ruduet, f.pl. rudnetjl. 
 
 dress (cloth, stuff), bonggo, n.pl. bonggnat. 
 
 dress (to put on clothes), r«/i-, pres. rtinik, perf. 
 «r»/,-, i. nKAe', pass. ruka. 
 
 dress (to tan, to make a dry skin soft by rub- 
 bing), ngin, pres. ngi-ngin, perf. a-ngin, i. ngine, 
 (ngi-nge), pass, ngi-nga. 
 
 dress (someone), foj'*//, pres. fotqjuf, perf. atojiif, 
 i. lojiijih, pass, tojiifn. 
 
 dressed (attired, to clothe, to diesa), J nfii, pres. 
 jujufii, perf. ajiifii, pASS.Jxfani. 
 
 drill (screw), ?u'ne<, f.pl. ninetji. 
 
 drill (bore, screw), ?u'w, pres. ninin, perf. njim, 
 i. nine, pass. nj?ia. 
 
 drink, n?©/*' (jnoJCta). 
 
 drink (to water), mojn, pres. moniojn, perf 
 amoju, i. wio/i", pasjs. mafa. 
 
 drinker (drunkard), kamdtanit, c.pl. kamaHak. 
 vide moju. 
 
 drive (especially by force), tisun, pres. titisun, 
 perf. ati'sH7i, i. </.s?<, pass, tisne. 
 
 drive in (to fasten, to nail, to strike, to beat), 
 ie/.-, pres. bebek, perf. fl/^eA', i. te/.e", pass. bcJ:o. 
 
 drive away (especially cattle), meara, pres. 
 memeara, perf. ameara, i. meard, pass, meaji. 
 vide jne. 
 
 drive away (to start), u-oroji, pres. u-ijmiroji, 
 perf. aicoroji, i. icorojih {loorojine). 
 
 drive away (to send away), tZon*/, pres. dodong, 
 perf. adong, i. donge, pass, donge. 
 
 drive aw^ay, donggu, pres. dodonggu, perf. 
 adonggu, i. dongge, pass, dongo. vide fZowr/. 
 
 drive away (to chase, to beat back), dungnn. 
 pres. dndungini. perf. udungun, i. dungti, pass. 
 (hi'ngiie. vide f?o)ir/. 
 
 drive away (to chase, to hunt), riuijru, pres. 
 ririkiirij. perf. ari.drli, i. rikoro, pass, rikoji. 
 
 drive away, meadda, pres. memeaddn, perf. 
 iimeaddii, i. nwaddi, pass, meaji. vide me. 
 
 drive (to lead), me, pres. nieme, perf. ome, i. 
 meme, pass. meya. 
 
 drive (hither), meynn (menn). pres. memiymi. 
 pi'rf. aiiifymi. i. iHe^»,, pass, mfyiie. vide ?J2e. 
 
 drizzle (to drop), zoow, pres. icovoon, perf. aii'o», 
 i. /t'o«<?. 
 
 drop (to trickle, to rain slightly), lilima, pros. 
 lilimti, perf. alilima, i. liUmnni. 
 
 drop (to drop tears, to drizzle). h-o», pres. 
 nrncon. perf. moon, i. iooxe. vide kouyen-won. 
 vide also " to leak." 
 
 drops (of milk), ?eto<, f. 
 
 drop (of water), ^/lom^of, f.pl. /lom (water). 
 
 drop (point). /./ifZ/f, f.pl. ftfiditon. 
 
 drowned (to be), diron, pres. did iron, perf. 
 adiron, i. fZ/re. 
 
 drum (music), ?6V/, f.pl. ?o(7/o. 
 
 drunk (to get drunk, to make drunk), meran 
 {mi'ran). pres. memeran, perf. am^ran, i. mere. 
 
 drunkard (drinker), kamd'tanit, c.pl. kamd'tak. 
 vide mojn. 
 
 drunkard (an into.\icatt d person), kameranif, 
 c.pl. kamerak. vide meran. 
 
 drunkenness (intoxication), meran Qmeran),i. 
 
 dry (hard), Id'teyon, f. nd'teyon, pl.s. vi^^e 
 ieffj/on. 
 
 dry (to dry oneself " in the sun "), ?i7t/.-. pre?. 
 ///<.'.•, perf. aJilik, i. ?»7j7.-e. 
 
 dry (in the sun), ?o', prrs. ?o/o', perf. «?o', i. Zone', 
 pass. Zoa. Ex: ?um Zo7o bolot = I am dryhig 
 the corn. 
 
 dry (especially in the sun), toliUk. pres. ^o<o- 
 ?/?t/i-, perf. atoUiik, i. tolilike, pass, tolilika. vide 
 
 dry (to wither, to make dry up), toroddu, pres. 
 totoroddii, perf. atoroddii,i. toroddih, pass. /oroto. 
 
 dry (to dry up), teteyon, pres. Meyoii, perf. 
 attteynn, i. Meyone. Ex : without rain the 
 dura dries up = A;o /.-(fcZw ain &0/0Z teti-yon. 
 
 dry (to dry up, to harden, transitive), totcyon. 
 pres. tototeyon. p^rf. ((totcijon. i. tofeyunc, pass. 
 toteijono. Ex : the sun dries up the grass = 
 kolong tototeyon derii. 
 
 dry (to dry up, to wither), roddu. pres. roroddu, 
 perf. aroddu, i. roddih. Ex : «/e?o kvdini koro- 
 foain, nge aroddn = this tree has no leaves, it is 
 withered. 
 
 dry (to dry up, to die, to wither), (toatuan) 
 tiiatnan, pres. toioatudii, perf. atoatuan. Ex : 
 the tree is dying = l.ddini toatuan. 
 
 duck (small kind), ivi'lili, f.pl. ifi'ldyn. 
 
 due (rightly). /«r«A-. 
 
 dukn (especially a species of small-grained 
 wheat), Inircjdti, m.pl. lurcja. 
 
 G 
 
82 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY 
 
 dumb (mute), ng tlnhe, c.pl. ngnhiheki. 
 
 dung (manure), vrnte, f.pl. tcoro, especially 
 cowdung ; (of persons) lin. 
 
 dura (corn, grain), ithiti, m.pl. bolot (olot). 
 
 dura-stalk, xinyoti, f.pl. «i'«. 
 
 dura straw, Ini I.uli, f.pl. l-ulcit. 
 
 during (while, literally '-in going"), i-tu. 
 
 dust, ludo/oti, f.pl. hudofot. 
 
 dvrarf (pigmy), hengge, c.pl. lenggeue. 
 
 dwellers (in heaven, eternal, always living). 
 yen\o, really yeng-li. pl.s. 
 
 d'welling (abode), gwoJd'nget, n.pl. gwold'njetji. 
 vide giciUnggi. 
 
 dysentery, hnhuletet. 
 
 each (all, quite — mostly used with a substau- 
 iive), ling, c.pl.s. 
 
 eagle (vulture), hiyiduseni (Jiiliduseni), m.pl. 
 Ingidifsen. 
 
 ear, su'ot, l.pl. sH'o (stfoiji) ; the interior is called 
 yinget. 
 
 earlier (sooner, for before), eron (berun). I 
 
 earlier (sooner, long time ago), laju. Ex : 
 7ian lajii aying sine = I heard that lung ago. 
 
 early (in the morning, east, eastern country), 
 ynre, n. 
 
 ear-ring, timi, m.pl. timiat. 
 
 ear-rings, re-ti-sito, f. (also tnngot-^ia-sno). 
 
 earth, l.ak (lat), (also subterranean world, 
 under, down, in the deep), /.o/.- or lat. 
 
 earthen- (vessel), tadol:, f.pl. tadd'la ; (bigger 
 vessel), tongho. 
 
 earthquake, gringring-na-l:al;. •» ' 
 
 earthquake (shaking), grinjring, n. 
 
 east (eastern country, early in the morning), 
 ynre (ynre), n. 
 
 east wind (morning wind), hobingot-na-loyure 
 or lagiiinot-na-loytire. , 
 
 easy, fadede (not difficult), c.pl.s.j means also 
 " light in weight." 
 
 eat, nge, pres. nge-nge, perf. a-nge, i. ngesi, 
 pass. nge. 
 
 eat, vgesH (ngesu), 'prea. nge-ngesu, ■perf. a-ngesu, 
 i. ngesi, pass. nge. 
 ' eat together, ngara, pres. nga-ngd'ra, perf. 
 a-ngara, i. ngnrji, pass, ngarju. 
 
 eating (with spoon), wd'ttt {u-odyet). vide 
 tcodya. 
 
 eat (with spoon), icodya, pres. woicodya, perf. 
 awodya, i. u-oddih. 
 
 ebony, /o^/^^■, m.pl. /o/f . 
 
 eclipse (solar, "the sun is covered "), 7.o?ongr- 
 amii 1,0. ! 
 
 edge (corner, border), longice'i (Jongnit), m.pl. 
 longicefji, also greujjf (edge). 
 
 egg, latidul-itfi', f.pl. Icd'tololc. 
 
 eight, hido\-. 
 
 eighteen, f)io\-wod-hi.dd\\ 
 
 eighty, merya-h:idd^:. 
 
 elbow^, Id'}.- i ling. m.pl. Io\fIinga. 
 
 elderly (old ma,n). ladd'nganit, c.pl. ladd'ngaJ:. 
 vide dongga. 
 
 eldest (daugh'er), ngnro-nd'lo^ive, pi. ngnd'Ji';- 
 tCi;olv:e. 
 
 eldest (firstborn), ngnro /.Jt-e, c.pl. ngtaji\--l:we. 
 
 eldest son (firstborn son), iignro-Id'koltce, jd. 
 ng id'jih-ti'holiwe. 
 
 elect, icuhni (idun). vide " to choose, to select." 
 
 elephant, tome, m.pl. tomya. 
 
 elephant's trunk, lonin-lo-tome, pi. Id/uji-ti- 
 iomya. 
 
 elephant's tusks, ivory, leledo-iome, pi. Icala- 
 fi-tome. 
 
 elevate (to raise, to make big), todurjo, pres. 
 ivtodiirjd,pevi.atodurjd,i. todure, pass, todurd. 
 
 eleven, fnoh-icod-geleng. 
 
 embalm (anoint, to grease), ice, pres. iveii-^, 
 perf. aw^, i. ^l•e'i (ivele), pass, icela. 
 
 embassy, sunyuet, n.pl. sunyuetji. vide sun- 
 
 embrace (to hug). l;alah, pres. Icaladah, perf. 
 aJ.alah, i. lalafd', pass. Icdafa. 
 
 emit (to emit sparks), /?/er, pres. tyetyer, perf. 
 a1yer,\. tyerc. 
 
 employment, M/u. 
 
 empty, hd'Idiana. 
 
 empty, to, donggo, pres. dodonggo, perf. 
 adongga, i. donggone'. pass, donga. 
 
 encircle (to go round), longga, pres. lolongga, 
 perf. alongga, i. longgi. 
 
 enclose (to keep off, abstain from, fengr, pres. 
 teteng, perf. ateng, 1. fenr/^, pass, fen^/o. vide '• to 
 fast." 
 
 enclosure, V.eyV, pi. l;ejin€. 
 
 encompass, grom, pres. gdgdm, perf. oj/oijj, i. 
 gfome' pass. gomd. 
 
 end (the end), halio'yet (balayet), n. vide 
 ba/.rt. 
 
 end (the last, at least), mu^iolc, f. 
 
 end, to (to finish), tojo, i>ves.-4otojq^ perf. 
 atojo, i. tojone, pass. fojo. 
 
 end, to (to finish), tdba'ka, pres. totabaha, 
 perf. atobaha (i) tobaJmnc. 
 
 endure (to suffer), ngongga, pres. ngo-ngongga, 
 perf. a-ngongga, i. ngonggi. 
 
 enemy, mi' ;//tv?, m.})!. mero^-. 
 
 enemy (hater), lamd'nanit, c.pl. Icamanal;. 
 vide 7Ha?i. 
 
 enfeeble (to weaken), tomun, pres. [totomitn, 
 perf. atomun, i. tomunye', pass, loni'inya. 
 
 engrave (engraving), ?c rr, tcirnt. 
 
ENG LISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 83 
 
 enjoymeat (joy, glad less), Uowjit, f pi. lioiujl- \ 
 to. I. 
 
 enmity (hatred), manet, f.pl. miCnetji. vide man. 
 enough, ajjo. 
 
 enough (satisfied, satiate), ijimo.io, or yhji- ,, 
 mono, c pl.s. 
 enough (to suffice, to satisfy), jo, pr-.s. jojo, 
 perf. ajo, i.jon'. 
 enough (literally "so reinaiu"), gipe-sona. j 
 
 enraged (augry, irritated — of m .u and animals), j 
 jegti, c.pl.s. 
 enter, to. Info. 
 
 enter (to register, to write d:)wu), icuro\in, \ 
 pres. lowwiCrodn, pjrf. awuro'nn, i. wuro'dh, 
 pass. iv\Vro\'i. '• 
 
 entirely (totally, almost), aling, adv. vide ling. 
 entrance, l;al;hat. \ 
 
 entreat (pray, to beg), mo, pres. mom4, perf. 
 amo, i. mo'lc, jjass. molo. ] 
 
 entreaty (iutercessiou, request^ prayer), moJef, 
 f pi. inoletji. I 
 
 enumeration (reckoning, account), lenet, f-i^l. 
 Ir'n-'tji. vide Z.-eH. 
 envious (greedy), hele, c.pl. Z)e?</a. vide he. \ 
 envious (to be), duh, pres! dadal; perf. adak, 
 i. (?((.'■('. 
 
 envious (to b:-), dagjn, pros, dadaggn, perf. 
 adaggi, i. dajge. 
 
 envious (euvious person), lada^anlt, c-ial. 
 /.TcZrt'/.'a/.'. 
 
 envy (avarice, greed), teZef. vide ?>?'. 
 
 envy (grudge), da^.;vt, n. vide dal;. 
 
 escape, u-o\-l;en. 
 
 escape (flight), danaef, n.pl. danaet/i. 
 
 escape (to run away, to hide oneself), dana, 
 pros, dadana, p.n'f. adana, i. dadani. 
 
 escort, iiV/^'f. 
 
 esteem (regard, respect, honour), Iwaset, f. 
 vide Jacadd. 
 
 eternal (dwellers in heaven, always living;, 
 yeng-ld, c.pl.s. 
 
 eternity (for ever, often, very often, always), 
 ngtifi. 
 
 eunuch (natural), lei;. 
 
 even (smooth), l6'h del, f. n ihidnt, p.s. 
 
 evening (in the evening), lioHijang. 
 
 evening (in the), tiL;vtijaihj. 
 
 evening (party), sasal;a, n. 
 
 evening (red), mdld';, f. Ex : madd': iia Id = 
 red in the sky. 
 
 evening (star), l;asir6\oti, n. 
 
 every-day, loron-ling. 
 
 every-where (in all places), i-Jir if en-ling. 
 
 evil (bad, wicked), longon, f. nangon, pl.s. 
 
 evil-doer (sinner), Icdoro'nyanit, c.pl. Icatoro^- 
 nijal:. vide toron. 
 
 evil spirit (Satan), molelid'tyo-hngon, m.pl, 
 mole'i.ejiii-longon. 
 
 exaggerate (to amplify, to magnify), io'ngaddn, 
 pres. totd'ngaddii, perf. ato'ng idda, i. td'ngaddik, 
 pass, tongata. 
 
 excavation (hole, deepening), jSruru, f.pl. 
 jontriiot. 
 
 excel (to surpass, to be more iinpjrtaut), 
 tungnn, pres. totd'ngim, perf. atd'ngnn, i. fd'n- 
 gnne, pass, td'ngne. 
 
 exchange (barter, goads bartered, inheritance, 
 heritage), l.arntet, f.pl. Icariitetji. 
 
 exchange (to barter), larnt, pres. l;al:arut 
 perf. al-arat, i. harnte, pass, lani'ta. 
 
 exchange (to baiter), togwo, pres. totogwo, 
 perf. atojivo, i. togwonc, pass, togioa. 
 
 exchanger (heir, inheritor), l;aruianil, c.pl. 
 
 excited, Inmalnng. 
 
 excrement (dirt), ];ord'doti, f.pl. lord'do; (of 
 porsons), /.tH. 
 exert (to be tired, to tire one's self), ddra, 
 pres. daddra, perf. addra, i. dtrani. 
 
 exist (to be), literally gwon-dd. Ex : cZo 
 gwon-dd l:o wuj ? = what are your relations? 
 (2) ?ia7i gwon-dd Ico do? = what is the 
 matter ? 
 
 exhort (to punish, to admonish, to accuse), 
 ring, pres. riring, perf. (u-irtf/, i. n?igr', pass. 
 ringa. 
 
 exile, Imrrara. 
 
 expect (to hope), ]ien, pres. yeyen, perf. ayen, 
 i. yene, pass. yeno. 
 
 expect (to wait), mdn, pres. momon, perf. amon, 
 i. moVu", pass. mono. 
 
 expected (to wait, to wait for), mdndu, pres. 
 
 momdadu, perf. amdiidn, i. mdndi {mom), pass. 
 
 , mono, vide mon. Ex : diV.-rt ngote'-ino moinono 
 
 = ray mother is expected to-day. 
 1 expectation, monit, f.pl. mdnitji. vide mo;j. 
 ' expensive (dear), gwdrdgo, c.pl.s. vide gworo 
 aud gio. 
 
 explore (to spy), togorja, pres. totogorja, perf. 
 atorgoija, i. togorjili, pass, togd'ra. 
 
 explorer (seeker, searcher), ladolanit, c.pl. 
 Icadolal-. vide rfo)/((. 
 
 expression (of thanks, reward, thanks), mdrd\i. 
 I vide mdrdldn. 
 
 extinguish, /?«(/, pres. fefeng, perf. a/sjigr, 1. 
 feng.', pass, fenga. 
 
 extricate (to pull ofl', tj pull out, to tear off), 
 gondyu, pres. gogondya, perf. agondya, i. gondt, 
 pass, gonya. 
 
 eye (fruit, especially of a tree), longe, m.pl. 
 /.•on]/eH. 
 
 eye (the corner of), Injirat, f.pl. /.ityVc. 
 
 eyebrow, Iwongo. 
 
 eyelash, loffir-le longe. 
 
 eyelid, neringye-na-lconge. 
 
 eyes (of the tree, fruit), lonyen-ti-Jcaden. 
 
 G 2 
 
84 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 fable (fairy tale), lililiri, f.pl. lihihiri'len. 
 
 face, homomj, f.pl. homoBilntn. 
 
 faint (to be half dead from fright), hCriie, pres. 
 hihiriie. perf. ahfrue, i. hiruene. 
 
 fainting (swooning), hfrue, c.pl.s. 
 
 fairy-tale (fable), Ukilciri, f.pl. lihihirC'len. 
 
 faith (belief), ytifet, n. vide ynf. 
 
 fall (decline), doro'et, n.pl. doro'efji. vide 
 doro. 
 
 fall (to sink, to overturn, to tumble — iutrans.), 
 doro, pres. dodoro. perf. a^^oro, i. doronr. Speak- 
 ing of the sun and moon ro undergoes redupli- 
 cation. Ex : holon (ynfa) add'roro = the sun 
 (moon) has set. 
 
 fall (to slide out, to stumble, to slip), je'Jeta, 
 l^res. jejeieta, perf. aje'leta, \. jeJetani. 
 
 fall (to stumble, to trip), l.ofiilo, pres. 
 lol:dJu'l:d, perf. aLofulo, i. lofaloni. 
 
 fall in (into, to jump in), kihalcin, pres. 
 luJcdjahin, perf. alaha'hin, i. labali. 
 
 fall (into ruins — intraus.), duyomhu, pres. 
 dudiiyoiuhii, perf. aduyomhu, i. duyomhi. 
 
 fall off (of leaves, etc.), don, pres. dodon, perf. 
 <(rfo>i, i. doru^'. 
 
 fall (on something, crowd, press), mujii, pres. 
 mti'mnju, perf. amu'Jn, i. muji, pass, mityu. 
 
 fall out (quarrel, dispute, fight), ?noro, pres. 
 momoiU. perf. amoro, i. moroni. 
 
 falsehood, 6((/of (urot), n.pl. hurotji (lie), 
 vide iircino. 
 
 falsely (accuse), mjoMn, pres. n(,o-n^dlin, perf. 
 a-ni,dlin, i. ni,olci. pass, mjoln. 
 
 falsely (accuse, backbite, slander), mang, pres. 
 mamumj, perf. cimang, i. mangi^i, pass, manga. 
 D. mang. 
 
 fame (magnificence, brilliancy, lustre, light), 
 Jarayet, f.pl. farayetji. 
 
 fame (jjraise), ;/o^e<, I.^jI. gotetji. vide godya. 
 
 family (tribe, custom, use, habit), ;/tpea, n.pl. 
 
 family (tribe), fir, m.pl. </?-o». 
 
 famine, dyang (djang), 1. 
 
 far (far away). /oyo- 
 
 fast, to, <e)i;/, pres. teteng, perf. ateng, i. iengc, 
 jjass. ieH(/o. Mostly expressed by teng-mugun 
 {beril). 
 
 fast (quick), rumerum. 
 
 fasten (to nail, to drive in, to strike, to beat), 
 if^/,-, pres. f/ete/r, perf. uheh, i. fce/.f', pass, te/.o, 
 
 fastening (the blow, the fixing), heliet, n.pl. 
 be'letji. 
 
 fat, alofir. 
 
 fat (thick), Zo'6of, f. nd'hot, pl.s. 
 
 fat (ointment, salve, cream, butter), tceJet, f.pl. 
 tcele'fji. 
 
 fat (grease of roast things), ngiret, f. ^ 
 
 fat (boiled as in soup), l:d\fiit(it, f. 
 
 father, ha {huha), l.pl. Ld buha, (also) monye. 
 
 father (master), Id'monye, pi. of monye. 
 
 father, motiy, n.pl. l:<f monye. 
 
 father-in-law, ngogu-o, m.pl. ngogwojin. 
 
 father-land, jur-Jo-monye. 
 
 father-land, hat-na-monye. 
 
 fatigue (trouble, pains), daret, n.pl. ddWetji. 
 
 fatten (to feed), tofir, pres. totoftr, perf. atofir, i. 
 tofin', pass, tofiro. 
 
 fear, Imjone'et, f. vide Itijono. 
 
 fear (fright), rugwdhit, f.pl. rigwoldtji. 
 
 fear-of-God, kuiono-nd'-NgKn. 
 
 feast (feast wedding), gwele, n.pl. gweJyat. 
 
 feast day (festival), lor-dnma, m.pL loron- 
 temejil;. 
 
 feather (hair), lufirot, m.pl. /.»_/!?•. 
 
 feeble (weak, to become), doddya, pres. 
 dododdya, perf. adoddya, i. dodde'. 
 
 feed (to nourish, to maintain), fofodya, pres. 
 totofodya, perf. atofodya, i. tafote, jjass. tofd'ta. 
 
 feed (to nourish, to bring up), yiuhJu, 
 pres. yuyuddu, perf. ayuddu, i. yudde', pass. 
 ?/?/'<«. 
 
 feed (to fatten), <q/?r, pres. totoftr, perf. atofir, i. 
 tnfire, pass, tofiro. 
 
 feed (to give to eat), tiinge, pres. tuiunge, perf. 
 atunge, i, tungenih, pass, iunge. vide ^«?i and 
 
 feeder (a nourisher), Icandldnit, f.pl. l;unol;ol;. 
 vide ?io;/!f. 
 
 feel pity (to pity," with weeping eyes "), lonyen- 
 loon, pres. honyen-wowon (icoico7i-l-o7iyen), perf. 
 lonyen-aicon, i. icone-l;omjen. vide ico/i. 
 
 feign (to dissemble) /oyit, pres. fafayu, perf. 
 afd'yii, i.fa'i, Y)aas. fd'la. 
 
 fell (to cut oif, to chop, to peck, to bite), fo'V.-, 
 pres. <o/o/.-, perf. a(o/r, i. fofo; pass, /o'/.o. Ex : 
 I siiall not cut down this tree = non ti-nijar 
 fogii nielo. 
 
 fellow-(countryman), ngutu-ld'-Jitr, pi. ngutu' 
 ti'-Jiir. videjnr. 
 
 fellow -(countrywoman), ngidu-nd'-jur, pi. 
 
 female (loin covering, a coarse word of insult 
 by the Bari), del;en, n. 
 
 female, nanalncan, pi. natouti. 
 
 fence (to fence in, to hedge in), gdnggu, pres. 
 ;;o;,ow(/(/M, perf. agonggu, i. gong<,i. pass, gongo. 
 
 ferment (to skin, to foam), j/tf, pres. ^/''i/M) perf, 
 fl2/^^, i. ?/»/?if'. 
 
 festival (feast day), ?or, duma, m.pl. /o?o?i 
 
 i'mejil;. 
 
 fetch (to call for), bd'rara, pres. babd'rara, perf. 
 ahdWara, i. barard, pass, barard^ji. 
 
 fetch, to (to iiick. to pluck, to go and bring), 
 dokun, j^res. dodolun, i. rfo/.w, pass, dd'hue. 
 
EXGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 fetch (to take up or raise), majn, pres. mama(jii, 
 perf. amd'fiK, i. mcifii, pass. maha. 
 
 fetter (chain), rerehet, f.pl. rere'Letan. vide 
 re!:. 
 
 fever, miiri, f. 
 
 feverish (with fever), ho-mnri, c.pl.s. 
 
 few, hodih. 
 
 field (garden), nielesni, f.pl. meleseno. 
 
 field (plain, pasturage), lyifati, f.pl. Ad'/a. 
 
 fifteen, ftioJ.-wod-mnlunia t. 
 
 fifty, meryn-mnhd'nat. 
 
 fight (disjiute, to quarrel, to fall out), moro, 
 pres. momoiTi, i>Grf. amliro, i. moroiii. 
 
 fight (with spear or club), toi'/,-, pres. toto'ih, 
 pert'. (I toil:, 1. /oi/.r. 
 
 fight (for another, to pay one's debt), mdrdl:in, 
 pres. momoril;in, perf. amijrihin, i. mtjrd'd, pass. 
 7)io;'o.'i. 
 
 figure (of wood, etc.), nimnyo, f.pl. ni'mnyojin. 
 
 figure (statue), nijfnviye, c.pl. n<jimu'yejin 
 (rKjimuyeli). 
 
 fill (to fill up, to store), hahd\ju, pres. habaijn, 
 perf. ahahdijii, i. hahiuji. 
 
 fill (to make full), tojcfre, pres. totojore, perf. 
 atojore, i. fojoren', pass, tqjoro. 
 
 fill (to the brim, to give good measure), r/((Z. 
 pres. rurud, perf. ((r^^fZ, i. r/uie, pass. ru\la. 
 
 fill up (to cram, to make full), toli'tn, pres. 
 toio'i'tu, perf ntoJi'tn, 1. toHtune, pass, tolitu. 
 
 fill up (a ditch, hole, cavity), ?/t/t, pres. j/«V''% 
 perf. aj/t/.', i. ^/iV.-e; pass. ?/i7,o. 
 
 filter (to percolate), Zjy'rt, pres. /i/<7''> perf. 
 ali'Ja, i. /tjV; pass. /i'V(. 
 
 filthy (dirty), bamm, c.pl.s. 
 
 filthy, wnit'yo, c.pl.s. 
 
 filthy (dirty), hord'do, c.pl.s. 
 
 filthy. /o<. 
 
 filthy (dirty of the road), ic6\l<>do, c.pl.s. 
 
 fin, liiferifte, f.pl. Infeni. 
 
 fin (of the fish, cartilage of the crocodile), 
 (ihjCru, n.pl. [ivj-Crnjin. 
 
 find (to catch, to seize), hxmjeliin, pres. 
 hiihunyeliin, perf. ahunyel:in, i. Ijunijehi, pass. 
 hunijeM. 
 
 find, r/e, pres. rierie, perf ar/e, i. rienih, pass. 
 
 find (discovery), nV<, f.pl. rieiS/?. 
 
 fine (like flour, dust), Id'milin, f. nd'milin, \)\. 
 laminyal;, f pi. nd'minya}:. 
 
 finger, morinet-lo-l:oiiin, pi. morin-ti-J:oitin 
 (l:oniJi). 
 
 finger (or toe), morinet, m.pl. morin. 
 
 finish (to be ready), toyonje, pres. totoyonje, 
 jierf. ntoyomje, i. toyomjene, pass, toyowje. 
 
 finish (to end), <qy'o, pres. totojd, perf. «<o,"o, i. 
 to/one, pass. Zo'/d. 
 
 finish (to end), tohd^ha, pres. toiohd'ka, perf. 
 atuhd'la, i. tohalane 
 
 finished (to have finished, to cease), 6((/ia, i)rc8. 
 h iha'ha, \)e\i. ahd'lK, i. halanl. 
 
 finished (ready, ripe), yomje, c.pl.s. 
 
 fire, himamj. 
 
 fire (to make fire), nambo, nanambo, perf. 
 anambo, i. namb't. 
 
 fire (to catch fire, to burn, to take fire), <((/e, 
 pres. tutiiJe. perf. aiule, i. tidem'. 
 
 fire-place (hearth, stove, oven), 8«Ze<, l.pl. 
 Srt7e(//. 
 
 fire tongs (pincers, tongs), L-ivitra {hiuird), 
 m.pl. l:wdWal:i. 
 
 firmament (the heavens, above, upon* air), 
 /.•/. f.t. 
 
 first (top, head, cause, reason), l;we, fpl., 
 l:iijil:. 
 
 first (the first), sulue, c.pl.s. vide sidn. 
 
 first, the, Id'-J:ice, f. na]:we, pi. H'kwe. 
 
 first (the principal, the head, prince, princess), 
 ld']:o1:ire, f. nd'loltve, pi. tilohwe. vide Awe. 
 
 first-born (eldest), nijKro-lice, c.pl. ngau'jih- 
 lice. 
 
 first-born (son, eldest son), n juro-Jo'lcolcwe, pi. 
 nyu'aJik-li'Lokice. 
 
 fish, soniot, pi. of sii^muti. 
 
 fish, sii'iiiiiti, l.pl. somot. 
 
 fish-basket (trap), so"»v/. 
 
 fish, barata, b 'le'. 
 
 fish (with the line), z'/^ pres. //<, perf. aii, i. /M, 
 pass, i'tiie. 
 
 fish, to, mon-somot. vide nioA. 
 fisherman, tamunit-h l:are, pi. td^monol:-U'- 
 liure. vide Aare. 
 fishing (hook), &/<e< (/Zt/), n.pl. /ji' tetji (I'tetji). 
 fist, Iomiisit]:at, m. 
 
 fit (to measure, to adapt), te7n, pres. <e<ertt, perf. 
 rtfejn, i. teni"', pass, tevna. 
 five, mi(J:anat, (short) l:d'nat. 
 fix (the iron arrow firmly into tlie wood), 
 sudja, pres. susiidja, perf. asii dja, i. .si/'/Ze, pass. 
 sw'a. 
 
 fixing (the blow, the fastening), behet, n.pl 
 be'lietji. 
 flambeau (torch), hdyeti, f.pl. halye. 
 flame (light, candle), /ar«r((, u.iA. farard'jin. 
 flavour (taste, smell), mon, f. 
 flay (skin, kill), d Idn, pres. odddii, perf. ao Jdii, 
 i. dddih, pass. o<o. 
 
 flay (to skin), ?/67, pres. hobdt, perf. «?)67, i. bdti 
 pass. toVo. 
 flayer, ]:uholdJ:. 
 
 flight (escape), dand'et, n.pl. d<inu'etji. 
 float (along on the water, to carry hither, to 
 raise, to lift, to hold), dnhiin, pres. dudulnm, 
 perf. adu'him, i. dxlu, pass, dukne {dahwe). 
 flogging, bitet, or bitu. 
 flour (and water, dougli, paste), muriu 
 flour, bo^-od (nuliaivlica). 
 
86 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY 
 
 flower (l)lo3som). I vlu'nhii. f.pl. llHifriin. vide 
 turd. 
 
 flute, siliha, pi. silihajin. 
 
 fly, hado'iKjonii, m.pl. I.ado')r;07i. 
 
 flying (termites), howja. 
 
 fly (to flee, fo nm away), no' on, prfs. icoaSlion, 
 peif. aiwJ.oH, i. tcolili. 
 
 fly, to, rafd'ji, pres. rarafaji, perf. arataji, i. 
 ratajine. Ex : /.'U'eji raratdji ho loftilvti = tlic 
 birds fly with ihe wings. 
 
 foam ((o skim, to ferment), jm. pros. 2/»2/"' P®^^- 
 
 0)/2<'. i. ?/(V?M''. 
 
 fodder (hay, grass), dern (dorx), n.pl. f7er»e 
 (i^orue). 
 
 fog (vapour, steam), /^rc m.pl.s. 
 
 fog, lafulet, f.pl. lajWletji. 
 
 foggy (it is misty), Ixufjo, pres. JuJuiu'Jo, 
 perf. ahinf^'o. 
 
 fold (stable, peii), Z.q,'*', f.pl. l.ojfno. 
 
 follow (to obey), r«(/, pres. runtg, perf. ar«[/, i. 
 jvf/.v', pass. rulo. 
 
 follow, l.obhu, pres. lolohhu, perf. alohhu, i. 
 /, o^ti'. 
 
 follow (to come after — defect, verb), lu^oro. 
 
 follow after (to go after), lefoddn, pres. l:ele- 
 foddii, perf. al;efoddn, i. l;efoddi. 
 
 follower (scholar, impil), l.ani'lonit, c.jil. 
 laui'l oJ:. vide r«;/. 
 
 fondle (to caress), hiryori, pres. hibiryore, perf. 
 ah ir yore, i. biryore. 
 
 food, linid. 
 
 fool, mamdla, c.pl. mamdlajin. 
 
 foolish, to be, mamd'la, pres. mamd'^a, peif. 
 amamd'la, i. mamalani. 
 
 foot, r/o7.e< (esp. the sole), m.pl. rioletjL 
 
 foot-ring, bolt drdti, n.pl. bolnoro. 
 
 for (by, from, to, of, luider), Icayang. 
 
 for (for, before, sooner, earlier), ero;?. 
 
 for ever (eternity, often, very often, always), 
 
 for this reason (on that account), /.o-na and 
 Iw-nd'-lice. 
 
 forbid (prohibit). J »jM, pres. J^Jw, perf. a'u'jn, 
 i. jnjinu', pass. Ju'Jua. 
 
 force (strength, hardness), f/o?ei, n.pl. (johtji. 
 
 force (to ccmpel), i/<, pres. </(/*, perf. a<(Y, i. 
 tije, pass. <0«' 
 
 force (vigour, strength), tulamjan, f.pl. tula 71- 
 cjunji. 
 
 fore-arm, loldUnri, pi. lol-ilingan. 
 
 forehead, mer, f.pl. wiero, (also) lomcn. 
 
 forenoon (in the forenoon), ifamjlel; n. 
 
 forest (wood), yobn, n.pl. yobn'iJL 
 
 forge, ?/»/.t7, n.pl. yuliten. 
 
 forge, to, niddyo, pres. nin'ddyo, perf aniddyo, 
 i. niddyo, pass. ?ir/o. 
 
 forget, hd)i',5re, pres. boldn ore, perf. cd}dn[,ori. 
 I. bon[,orc', pass. bon;ori]:e7i, (also) Idnto. 
 
 forgive (to leave behind, to leave someone, to 
 abandon something), loloJ.in, pres. ].o!.o'ol;i)i, 
 perf. ((/.oVoV.m, i. l.odl.i. pass, /.o'o {lo'oli). 
 
 forgotten (one wlio has forgotten something), 
 l;abotiijo7iH, c.pl. l.aloiii^O. 
 fork, Iwalet, m.pl. Incd^letjl. 
 form (to make, to build, create, beget, produce), 
 (jtreja, pres. gtveyiceja, perf. agioe"Ja, i. swejtf, 
 pass, tjin-'a. 
 form (bench, board, target), fcr/.o, f.pl. fald'Jiii. 
 formidable (to bo courageous), ii-ayn, pres. 
 icaicaya, perf. awayii, i. ?c«i'. 
 forty, nier?/a-H)i;,u"a?i. 
 
 forward (inquisitive, over-curious person), 
 l:(dit(\nan'd, c.pl. latithnaJ;. vide tithnba. 
 four, un[,uan. 
 
 fourteen, fiiol:-n-od-ini[, if an. 
 fowl (hen), in the plural all birds in general, 
 siihtiri, n.pl. su'l;07'o. 
 
 fox, {,ivdre, l.pl. (iudre'l€7i ((,irdrejin'). 
 
 fragrant (to tmell, odiferous), mon. pres. 
 momo7i, perf. amon, i. «iO)ie. 
 
 frame (diaphragm), rot (jqO, f.pl. rq/o. 
 
 fraud (deception), dummtt, n.pl. d%i7nctji. 
 vide dinnin. 
 
 free (ricli), ///of, c.pl. Tu'V- 
 
 free, to (to deliver, to release), ?/o/,o, pres. 
 yd'ijolo, perf. ayd'lo, i. yolone', pass. ]jiVl;v.e. 
 
 free (to unbind, to loosen), ?o/i-, pres. /((/a/.-, 
 perf. rt/o//, i. /o/iT, pass, /a'/.-rt. 
 
 free (not a slave), /o")norf,c.pl. lojiiorijaf. 
 
 free (rescue, to deliver), /ro/;, pres. h'ohiol, 
 perf. cduoh, i. liioJii. pass, li'olo. 
 
 freedom (redemption, deliverance), Jitol.it, f. 
 
 fresh (cool), 7«7.-, c.pl.s. 
 
 fresh (especially of milk), /v/h, c.pl.s. 
 
 fret (to woiry), foywr, pris. totoyiir,]^evi. atoyur. 
 i. toyiii-e, pass, toyifra. 
 
 fret (to complicate), l.oh'rjo, pres. loloburjo, 
 perf. al oburjd, i. Idbiirje', pass, l.obiiro. 
 
 friend, j», c.pl. ./((Zm. Ex : y«-Z;'o, my friend, 
 \i-nio, my lady friend. 
 " friendly, lata-vd'le. c.pl. latajm-ndl;€. 
 
 friendly (man), l,aJionc,dnit, c.pl. Icalioip^ol;. 
 Ex : «H''o matat a laVdn(_onlt Idngtttu li7Uj ~ 
 this chief is friendly to every one. 
 
 friends (to make), tojidin, pres. tutojulin. perf. 
 atojuUn, i. tojuUne'. videj«. 
 
 fright (fear), r'uju-ohit. f.pl. rujii-dlitji. . 
 
 frighten (to terlify), to7i'(,uoh; pres. totori[,itoh, 
 perf. aton"<,icol:, i. torirwole. pass. tori'i,tiolo. 
 
 frightened (to be start'ed), torC<jvSlO (inst. 
 verb), vide rujirdld and tori{,iro],\ 
 
 frighten (to be afraid), ri(jirolo, pres. 7-iri(,icoJ,o, 
 perf. ari(jico].o,i. ri{,Ko!:d. 
 
 frog (toad), lodohe, m.pl. lodoltja. 
 
 from, l;a-yan(i. 
 
 from (by. to, him. her), l;a-n{;-it. 
 
ENGLISH -BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 87 
 
 from (by, to) thee, Id-nitt. 
 
 from that (place, tliere, liilher), yu. 
 
 front (before) mjerot. Ex : luni tiimjerot = I 
 am going in front. 
 
 fruit (eyes of the tree), homjen-ti-l;n<len. 
 
 fruit (especially of a tree, eye), homje, m.pl. 
 lomjen. 
 
 fuel, l(ulen-tl-hhnani;i. 
 
 full (to make, to fill), tqiore, pres. totojore, perf. 
 atojore, i. tojorene, pass, tojo'ro. 
 
 full (to be full), Uta, pres. 'Cl'ttii, perf. ulCtu. 
 
 full (much),,/oje (Jore), c.pl.s. 
 
 full moon (much moon), yufa-Jore (yafci-^o- 
 jor), 1. 
 
 fun (joke), give. 
 
 fungus (edible), marol;, " poisonous "/'"'s^"^- 
 
 furrow (limit, bountlary, column), rilet. 
 
 gad-fly (tlie large one), tarnVrot, m.pl. tamer. 
 
 gain (to plunder, to rob, vide " to rob, to 
 plunder "),fesun. 
 
 gall, deii'iijele, l.pl. denijtjeli'ln (devggele'lan). 
 
 gape (to notice, to stare at), dir (also didir), 
 pies, didir, perf. adir {adidir), i. dire {didire), 
 pass, dira {didira). 
 
 gape (to yawn), yama, jjres. yayama, perf. 
 (lyd'ma,!. yam(i7ie'. Ex: yaijama mjufi noyo = 
 why are you always yawning. 
 
 garden (fii^ld), melesi'n, f.pl. meleseno. 
 
 gather (to collect, to pick up), liuvddu, pres. 
 /.■; ro!:n-oddu, perf. a hicodd u,i. luoddi (Jru-olncoddi), 
 pass. ],irofo. 
 
 gather (to pick), dejya, pres. dede'yn, perf. 
 adejya, i. (7e,'i (tZe?ie'), pass. de//(( (dc'a). vide 
 
 gazelle, ?uVn». 
 
 gazelle (a small species), lagd, f.pl. lagd^Jin. 
 
 gazelle (the little gazelle with almost straight 
 horns), (duri, n.pl. aha rut (ahiiryct). 
 
 generally, dC'nildn (todinihin). 
 
 generally, gciig {(Jnggu). 
 
 genitor (pro-creator, creator, sculptor), l-aricc- 
 anif, ra pi. hagwe'uh. 
 
 gentle (meek, quiet-tempered, cool)./e/o. 
 
 germ (sprig, bud), Icafc'ti, m.pl. lafe. 
 
 get acquainted (to spread), Imiiro, pres. Ini- 
 1 uurij, perf. ultiijro, i. luoro. 
 
 germinate (sl.oot, to sprout), /«/.-, pres. fnful;, 
 perf. aful;, i. fuhe'. 
 
 get avray (run away, run on, to go off), dandji, 
 pres. dadanaji, perf. adnnaji, i. danajinc'. 
 
 get dark (to become twilight), lomul.o, pres. 
 svHiinulu, perf. asilmuld, i. edmidioiti. 
 
 get up (to rise), titenal in-megun-lri. vide ffiew. 
 
 get up (to rise, to rise from the dead), }i;,i"en, 
 pres. n[,f-n(_,fen, perf. a-ni,i\n, i. ngiw, 
 
 giblets (tripe), l;ayatani, f.pl. laya'. 
 
 gift (sacrifice), rohangga, ra.pl. nhunggajin. 
 
 gift (present), dulia, n. vide (^ojr, also dohet, 
 D.pl. rfo'7,1 <y/. 
 
 gift (present), f/;ief. f.pl. tinetji. 
 
 giraffe, Av(?t7, f.pl. InrHiJn. 
 
 girdle (girdle, loin cloth), J.apc'ra, f.t. 
 
 girl (daughter), nguro-nulaoan, f.pl. njiajilc- 
 luife. 
 
 girl (boy, child), nguro, c.pl. ngifitjil:. 
 
 girl (young woman), cf^/t^ (2/eO> '^•P^- ^ddyji 
 (].odi-ti or lodysi). 
 
 girl (woman, wife), nalwan, f.pl. tca/e. 
 
 give (to impart), gwe'laldii, pro?, gwegvoe'^laldn, 
 perf. agwe'lalin, i. gicelali, pass. (,ivelahi. 
 
 give (a present, to give something, to dedicate), 
 do'haldn, pres. doddl;aldn, perF. add'J.-aldn, i. 
 dd^kahi. vide do;/. 
 
 give more, ya', pres. j/"2/«j perf. «»/<?, i- «/«?'', 
 pass. yula. 
 
 give more (to repeat the dose), /«<, pres. fufiit, 
 perf. *(/*^i, i. fute, Y>a,s''.fiVta. 
 
 give way (to avoid), giran, pre?, gigiran, perf. 
 agiran, i. ;/<Vc', pass, girurildn. Ex : n'jeagfnirC' 
 Jdn = he is a man to be avoided. 
 
 give (evidence, to witness for another, to 
 remind), liveJdn, pres. Itce'lweldn, perf. ahwe'hin, 
 i. Iweld, pass, hiveld. 
 
 give, <m. pres. tintin, perf. «/m, i. </ (iiVi), pass. 
 <//i. Tliis verb reduplicates in the active. . It is 
 never written ^7/«, but tintin. 
 
 give (to bring), ye/,-, pres. J/e?/e/,-, perf. fl?/e/.-, 
 i. 2/e/.e, pass, ye'ka. vide ^/ej/o. D. 2/eA'. 
 
 give, jaivu. 
 
 give (present to the parents of bride), l.uga, 
 pies, liilaiga, perf. alu'ga, i. Av(gie, pass. /.•«/.«. 
 
 glad (to be glad, to rejoice), lidngdn, pres. 
 liolidngdn, peif. alioniidn, i. liongi. 
 
 glad (to nake glad, to rejoice), tuliong, pres. 
 tufididiig, perf. atidiong, i. tulidngih, pass, tulionao. 
 
 gladness (joy, enjoyment), ?/(7H(//<,f.pl. lidngiidn. 
 
 glance (to look up), bongga, pres. bd'bonrga, 
 perf. abovgga, i. bongge, pass, bonga. 
 
 glands (of crocodile), lomonti, f.pl. Zomou. 
 
 glass beads (red), l;amCriti, f.pl. lanare. 
 
 glass beads (money), mjd'hfdi, m.pl. ngalya. 
 
 glass bottle (really india-rubber bottle, ''the 
 negro originally mistook glass for india-rubber"), 
 l:ere-nd'-ineme, pi. Icerya-ti-meme. 
 
 glean (especially to pick up), lu-odd, pres. 
 tii-ulu-odd, perf. altcddd, i. /, (rcidd/, pass. /.icoVo. 
 
 glide (to flow, to pass), d((?((», pres. dudulan, 
 perf. adulan, i. (?«?f'. Ex : A/6o dudiilan — the 
 boat is gliding along. 
 
 gloomy (dark, cloudy), rfjfor, c.pl.s. Ex : At « 
 
 d (ij- 1 Z()7or = the sky is cloudy today. 
 
88 
 
 ENGLISH- BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 glorify (to i)raise), ijodyii, pres. goijodyd. jiPif. 
 (Kjodyn. i. godr'.\>a.ss. ijd'ta. Ex : ijodi'td Nijun = 
 praise God. 
 
 glow-worm, dudut, l.pl. dndu (on. 
 
 gluttonous (greedy men. also of auimals), 
 Ldttu'ronit, c.pl. lasuro^;. vide sur. 
 
 gluttonous (to be), sur, pr.-s. susiir, perf. nsur, 
 i. sire. 
 
 gluttony, ^nret, n. 
 
 go. Hi, pi. i'titu, irreg. 1. of fit. 
 
 go and bring (to fetch, to pifk, to pluck). 
 doLtim, pres. dodolum, perf. adolcum, 1. do,' m, i^ass'. 
 dd'kne. 
 
 go after (to follow after), lefoddu, pres. /.e- 
 hefoddu. perf. al.efoddn, i. l.efoddi'. 
 
 go a^way (to travel), Jo.'o, pres. jdjolo, perf. 
 (iju!u. i. Jolcini. 
 
 go away, «;/o, pi. i ;d'ta. 
 
 go away (to go off, intransitive), uddya, pres. 
 ?(M ddya, jaerf. atVddya, i. uddye', pass. ■ «/« 
 
 ("!/«)• 
 
 go down (to descend), c^/c???, pres. f??<f/?/, perf. 
 adudii, i. dndide. 
 
 go inside (to i^enetrate, especially without 
 pL'rmission), Zw/o, pres. Ju'lufo, jserf. (dufo, i. 
 Zm/ow/'. 
 
 go off (get away, to run away, to run on), 
 dand'ji, pres. dadanaji, perf adand'Ji, i. 
 danqjine. 
 
 go off (to run away, to fly, to flee), tcolon, pres. 
 icihcohon. perf. aivo^.on, i. jcoldh'. 
 
 go out, Z((^je Icamjo. 
 
 go round (to encircle), loiuiga, pres. lolongga, 
 perf. aloH'jfia, i. longgf. 
 
 go, Z(t, pres. <ii<M, perf. «<((, i. //*' (itiUi), cf. 
 D. Zm?/'*- 
 
 go (to another country, to migrate, to remove), 
 yulin, pres. yuynldn, perf. ayuldn, i. ^?t/.(>'. 
 
 go (to ruin), Imraii, pres. lid'haran, perf. ald'ran, 
 1. harane. 
 
 goat, /./yif. pi. /(Z/n. 
 
 goat, meefyo, f.pl. melon. Ex : me'eiye ndUe = 
 tnill; goat. 
 
 goat bell, lolloho. 
 
 goblet (gourd-skin), /ocZe, f. -pi. fodyo. 
 
 goblet (cup^mostly made of gourd-skins), 
 dihore. n.pl. dilorijin. 
 
 god (pi. deities). Ngun. From to'-ngun = to sur- 
 pass, to be the highest. 
 
 golden (shining), losulyeng, f. nasulydig. pl.s. 
 
 good (just, right), ahu'san, c.pl.s. viile husan. 
 
 good (well), r/r/, adv. Can only be used in 
 conjunction with moH = moriri (to smell good). 
 
 good (kind, gracioiis), lobnset, f. nd'huset, pi. 
 Id'busetji, f.pl. nd'biisetji. vide hiisan. 
 
 good (right), Z«<ra (Jburd), adv. Sometimes 
 used also as adjective, c.pl.s. 
 
 good (brave), Id'but, f. nd'but, pl.s. 
 
 good (to be good, to be just), bumn, pn s. 
 bubiisdji, perf. abv.^((n, i. busane. 
 
 goodness (kindness, justice), &/(.«(•/, n. 
 
 goods (goods bartered, exchange, barter, in- 
 heritance, heritage), huriVtet, f.pl. I.iirutetji. 
 
 goose (big with red crest and red fore-neck), 
 Lisd'7uili, f.pl. Idsanaluin. 
 
 gore (to spear), «m"u«, pres. susuun, ijerf. 
 (isuuii, i. 8/(M, pass, sifiie. vide «o'. 
 
 gourd (plant for making vessels), mushenge. 
 
 gourd. Aw?/', f.pl. lodi'ft (pumpkin). 
 
 gourd (small to eat), lottiise. 
 
 gourd (big to eat), bergo. 
 
 gourd-skin (goblet), fode, f.pl. fodyo. 
 
 gracious (good, kind), Id'buset, f. bd'biiset, pi. 
 lobusetji, f.pl. na'busetj!. vide bason. 
 
 grain (dura, grain), uluti, m.pl. bolot (olot). 
 
 grain (grain of seed, stone), njomd'ti, ui.pl. 
 ngomof. 
 
 grain (of sand), Iruj^ti, f pi. 
 
 granary, gugu, l.pl. giVguo. D. ;/(//.-. 
 
 granary floor, te'go. 
 
 granary beams, rihonit. 
 
 granary uprights, he'h'. 
 
 grandfather, merenye, m.pl. men'nyejin. 
 
 grandmother, yal-uuye, n.pl. yahunyejin. 
 
 grandson (grandchild), nyahwuri, c.pl. nya- 
 licd'ryat. 
 
 grass (hay), deru, n.pl. de'Wue (dome). 
 
 grass (herbs, plants, pasture), deti, n.t. 
 
 grass (nagila), lengbi'. 
 
 grass (a tall kind), lofole, ft. 
 
 grass-hopper (locust), Id'dere, m.pl. Icderela. 
 
 gratis (tor nothing), icordnana, adv. vide 
 gu'dro and hana. 
 
 grave (ditch), dili, n.pl. dilio. 
 
 grave (for men), gulom, n.pl. gulomo. 
 
 grave, dig, boga, pres. bdboga, perf abogga, 
 i. boggi. 
 
 graze (to touch lightly, to scratch oneself), jerj, 
 pres. jejeti, perf. ajea, i. jeani. 
 
 graze (to feed with or on grass), yugu, pr<.s. 
 yuyugu, perf. ayugu, i. yugi, pass, yuhii. 
 
 great, lebiju (duma), pi. temejik. 
 
 grease (fat — of things roasted), ngiret, f. 
 
 grease (to embalm, to anoint), icc, pres. weice, 
 jierf. aice. i. tvei (ivele), pass. ■ioeZa. 
 
 greed (avarice, envy), belet, n. vide be. 
 
 greedy (gluttonous— men, also of animals), 
 hd-jfrdnit, ci^l. lasu'roJ;. 
 
 greedy (envious), bele, c.pl. belya. vide 7*e' 
 
 greedy (to be greedy, to reflect upon, to long 
 for), be', pres. bebt', perf. abe, i. beh', pass. be''Ia. 
 
 green, hi'-tigem, f nd'ngem, pl.s. vide ngeman. 
 
 green (to be green or verdant), ngeman, pres. 
 nge-ngi'man, perf. a-ngeman, i. ngemc'. 
 
 greet, nyob, pres. nyonyob, perf. anyob, i. nyo/e' 
 pats, nyd'/a. vide roman and ngom. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 89 
 
 greet (salute), roman, pres. roroman, perf. 
 aio'man, i. rom?, pass, romue. Used witli lo. 
 Ex : yi fofo roroman ho do' ni = we come to 
 welcome you liere; ju-lio roromv = be welcome, 
 my friend. 
 
 greet (salute), njom, pres. njo-n(jom, pcrf. 
 a-mjoni, i. n^jome, pass, ngo'ma. vide roman. 
 
 greeting (welcome, salutation), romet, f.pl. 
 rd'met/i. 
 
 greeting (salutation), nyofet. f.pl. nyo'fetji. 
 
 grey, lo-n-johe, f. nd-ngoke, pl.s. 
 
 grind (ex. flour), jty'o, pres. j>Ji,,o, perf. oJjjo, 
 i- i«>'', pass. jY'o. 
 
 grind (to sharpen — a spear or arrow), _;'«, pres. 
 juju, perf. aju. i.juje, pass../(5o. 
 
 grinder (of corn), Laji unit, fpl. hajidli. vide 
 jijo- 
 
 ►■groan (to sigh), dua, pres. dudua, perf. «cZmo. 
 i. dudtie. 
 
 grow, durjo, j^res. dudurjii, perf. adurjiJ, i. 
 durjyo. 
 
 grow old, c?o?t;/;/a, pres. dodongga, perf. adomjga, 
 i. dongiji. 
 
 growl (to grumble), ?igre?icZa,. pres. wje-ngendya, 
 perf. augendya, i. tigendi. vide ngre?^ 
 
 growl (to snarl, to clash), nr/en, pres, nge-ngen, 
 perf. a-ngen, i. ngene (ngendi). vide ?if/ew. 
 
 growth (iucrease), Atref, n. vide cZwrJo. 
 
 grudge (envy), rfa/.e<, n. vide fZa/i. 
 
 grumble (to growl), ngeudya, pres. nge-ngendya, 
 perf. a-u'iendya, i. ngendi. 
 
 grumble (to be discontented), yulen, pres. 
 yuyulen, perf. ayulen, i. ?/((Zf'. Ex : jjgre ayii'Ien 
 al.-wena rofet nd'dit = he (she) was discontented 
 on account of the small wage. 
 
 guard (shei^herd), lati'yuait, c.pl. kaifyuJc. 
 
 guard (watchman, person awake), l;al:welianit, 
 c.pl. Icahive'Iiak. 
 
 guard (watchman), tiyit, pi. tlyitji. 
 
 guard (to protect, to be shepherd), yugu, pres. 
 yiTyugu, perf. ayu'gu, i. yuge, i^ass. yii'Lti. 
 
 guard (to hide something, to take care of), 
 de'laldn, pres. dede'lalin, perf. ade'laldn, i. 
 delalc, pass, delali. 
 
 guest (stranger), homonit, c.pl. 
 
 guide (leader — of men and animals), laffJionit, 
 c.p\. l;afr]:oh. 
 
 guide (the leader— especially of an animal), 
 l.ajil.onit, c.pl. hnjihijl;. vide jiJc. 
 
 guilty, amona. 
 
 guinea-fowl, iafingi, f.pl. ta'fengon. 
 
 guinea-worm, mejeijo, pi. majalca. 
 
 gun, /,(//(«. 
 
 gunpowder (from the Arab bar ad), gicarut, n.t. 
 
 gutter (sink), hii.],et, n.iA. huhetji. vide hnl;. 
 
 H 
 
 habit (family, tribe, custom, use), gwea, n.pl. 
 yweajin. 
 
 hailstone (pebble), turiildi, m.pl. to^rol;. 
 
 hair (feather), Imjirot, m.pl. I:>ifir. 
 
 half ripe (thing), wangetat, m.pl. wange. 
 
 hamlet (village), <«r, m.pl. tinijn. 
 
 hammer (small one), Id'lo, m.pl. ho'Mo. 
 
 hand, lotiin, m.pl. loin'Ji. 
 
 handle (to touch), tan, pres. tatan. perf. ato?i, i. 
 tanyv. pa.¥s. tanya. 
 
 handle (of hatchet), liuniCreg, f.pl. lunurehi. 
 
 handle (to touch), ho, prts. hold, perf. aJ/d, 
 i. ZyoZr'', pass. hd'Io. 
 
 handle (as knife handle, etc.), sot, n.pl. sotan. 
 
 handle (steel, of a shovel or hatchet), luld, 
 m.pl. laid Jill. 
 
 hang up (hang upon), liJildn, pres. Ulildn, 
 peif. alilildn, i. lilihi, imss. /<7i7.z. vide Zi'Azn. 
 
 hanged, lihin, pres. lili'Idn, perf. ali'ldn. i. 
 nil, pass. Zi'/.z (commoner form of lilild). Ex : 
 /,«Je lolonnit alilild = the thief was hanged 
 yesterday. 
 
 happy (blessed, blissful, rich), Incorinit, c.pl. 
 Icicoriniho. 
 
 hard (to make strong), Lon-ald'go. vide /.on 
 and Id'go. 
 
 hard (dry), Id'teyon, f. ndHeyon, pl.s. vide 
 
 hard (strong), Zd'gro, f. nd'gn, pl.s. 
 
 hard (to make hard, strong), toga, pres. totogn, 
 perf. atogo, i. togole, pass, togd'lo. 
 
 hard (to make strong), l;on-and'go. vide A-o/i 
 and Zo'r/o, f. nd'go. 
 
 harden (to dry up — transitive), toteyon, pres. 
 iototeyon, perf. aioteyon, i. toteyone, pass, toteyd'no. 
 Ex : tlie sun dries up the grass = lolong toto- 
 teyoH dern. 
 
 hardness (strength, force), g'o?e^ n.pl. gd'letji. 
 vide f/o. 
 
 hare (a species of butterfly), lildto, f.pl. lildto- 
 lon (Jildtojin), also lotolle. 
 
 harpoon (hippo), dumi, pi. dnmyat; (harpoon 
 float), url\ (harpoon — crocodiles), /efe. 
 
 harvester (reaper), l;ungerardt, c.pl. lid'nge'rali. 
 
 haste (course, run), riimet, f. vide rom. 
 
 hasten (to hurry, to meet), rum, pres. rurmn, 
 perf. arum, i. rume. Ex : I met a lion = nan 
 arum I.v lomyru. 
 
 hat, tagiya. 
 
 hatch (to breed), trnju, pres. totoyu, perf. atoyu, 
 i. loi {tohf), pass. ^o'7o. 
 
 hatch (to set on eggs), larafa, pres. lal-arafa, 
 perf. aJcarafa, i. lara/ani, pass. Jiarafd'ri. 
 
 hatchet (big hatchet, hoe), <;<?«, m.pl. <«Zmo. 
 
 hatchet (liandle), huniVrf-g. f.pl. Innureld. 
 
90 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY 
 
 hate, mandi(. pros, inamdmln. pcrf. amiualu, 
 i. mandi, pass, md'na. 
 
 hate, man, pres. mamdn. pcrf. amd'n, i. 9)i«ju', 
 pass. ma)ia. 
 
 hated (odious, hateful), iHrtm«"i*o. c.j Is. vide 
 man. 
 
 hateful (odious, hated), mama'na, c.pl.s. 
 
 hater (enemy), lamd'nanit, c.pl. lamanal:. 
 vide 7)!rtH. 
 
 hatred (enmity), mamt, f.pl. mamt'J. 
 
 haughty (proud perscn), l.ahi'hamt, c.pl. 
 l-ahiiJ.ak. vide ^Jt^rt. 
 
 hawk, ivd'we, m.pl. wd'icejin. 
 
 hay (grass, fodder), t?t>« (dilro), n.pl. (^e'r^e 
 (dor»e). 
 
 he (she), «5fe (n^/e), also lit, c.pl. ?e (s«7o, /.((Zo). 
 
 he (she, alone), nge-geJeng, c.pl. sc-lade. 
 
 he (she, himself), nge-lcfeng, c.pl. se'-lofe'ngat. 
 
 he (who), n(/a. Ex : ngd'ku sn'd ti nge ying = 
 he who has ears to hear, let him hear ; (2) 7igd 
 al;on snna = who has acted so. 
 
 head, l-ive. 
 
 head (the principal, the first, prince, princess), 
 Id'lol-we, f. nd'lolnoe, pi. tCkol.ive. vide hn-e. 
 
 head (top, the first, the cause, reason), /.jce, 
 f.pl. InijCl;. 
 
 head (head cushion), Idlit, f.pl. Idlitan. vide 
 tjahit. 
 
 head (dress of feathers, tuft of hair), hgmja, 
 m.pl. logiiyulan. 
 
 head (dura), Inoc-na-holot. 
 
 heal (to make well), toln\i, pres. totdbi'a, pcrf. 
 iduhia, i. tohiane. vide ti(/. 
 
 health, ii''ef (bfyet). vide Wo. 
 
 health (cure), <o6/e<, f.pl. tobutji. 
 
 heap, cZo?«e. 
 
 hear, yingga, pres. yiyingga, perf. ayingga, i. 
 yinggc', pass, yinga. vide 2/''«if- 
 
 hear (to notice), ym(/, pres. yujing, perf. aying, 
 1. yingi', pa^s. yinga. 
 
 hear (to make hear, to be compelled to obey), 
 toying, pres. totoying, perf. atoying, i. toyingc', 
 paitS. toyinga. 
 
 hearer (auditor), l-ayi"nganif, c.pl. l-oyi'i gal: 
 vide 2/ Jn{/. 
 
 hearing- (the inner car), yinget, n.pl. yfngetji. 
 vide 2/"'^^. 
 
 heart (iLind, will), towili, m.pl. towfJyet. 
 
 hearth (btove,oven, fireplace), soZef, l.pl sdletji. 
 
 heat (time of heat), ftffufe. vide/o/e. 
 
 heaven, /./. 
 
 heavens (the firmament, above, upon, air), 7.z, 
 f.t. Ex : /.'z anaitin Id'tyang = the air is damp 
 in the evening. 
 
 heavy, fdmoni, c. pi. s. (opposite {o/((df(?f'). 
 
 hedge, md^ring, f. pi. md'ringa. 
 
 hedge (to hedge in), c,dttggii, pies, gogduggn. 
 perf. cgdnggti, i. gdnggi, pass'.V/t/Hr/o. 
 
 hedgehog, Id^ngyun.Ung. m.pl. Ic-ngyu^niungtin. 
 
 heel, longityinn, m.pl. longnyuman. 
 
 heir (inheritor, exchanger), hurutanit, c.pl. 
 /.«/•«'<(( /r. 
 
 help (to assist, to support), ngard'Hn. pres. 
 7iga-ng(ird'].in, perf. a-ngaru'ldn, i. ngarali, pats. 
 
 help (to belief), toyufet, f. 
 
 hen (fowl). tiVlnni, n.pl. sdl.oto. 
 
 hen-house, /.o"/.o'. 
 
 her (his), Id'nyet, f. luinyef. 2>l- la'nyet. 
 
 her (him, by, to, from), l.d'-ngit. 
 
 herbs (grass, plants, pastuies), (7e(i, n.t. 
 
 here (there, here, hither), ?a'. Ex : i /.•«/.• ni = 
 licre on the earth ; ««>; /o = there am I ; /o ni = 
 come liere. 
 
 heritage (inheritance), rutet, f.pl. rutetji. vide 
 
 heritage (inheiitance, goods bartered, ex- 
 change, barter), lartftet, f.pl. lurutet/i. 
 
 hernia (scrotum), tulntid, m.pl. tidututjin. 
 
 heron, logord. m.pl. logorulan. 
 
 hers (his), luVnyet. 
 
 hide (skin, leather), (/oter, l.pl. gd'bero. 
 
 hide, dc', pros. f?ff7(% perf. «de, i. dele, pass. 
 dv'la. Ex : nrni dedc mugun = I am hiding. 
 
 hide (rne's self, to run away, to etcape), dana, 
 pres. dd'dana. perf. add'na, i. danani. 
 
 hide (something, to take care of, to guard), 
 de'Ualin, jircs. dede'lahin, perf. ade"lctlm, i. 
 delal,c'\ piass. de'lali. 
 
 high, /o'VZh, f. nd'du, pl.s. Ex: mere ald\lu — 
 the mountain is high ; /.oc?/ and'dn = the house 
 is high. 
 
 high (tall, long), ld['yo, f. nd'jyo, pl.s. 
 
 highest-(bidder), luifutanit, c.pl. lafiflalx. 
 \idefiif. 
 
 higlik tree, litgboH; (fruit of higlig), lugbat. 
 
 hill, Inrittd t, m.pl. lurnta'tjin. vide ?j<)V(', 
 
 hill, ?(»!/', m.pl. luridt. 
 
 hill, /.of^H, m.pl. lodulan. 
 
 him (her, by, to, from), Id^ngif. 
 
 hippopotamus, yoro, n.pl. ya'ritjin. Ex : i 
 j((r /d ^((r/ yurujin jore = in ihe Bari country 
 there are many hippopotami. 
 
 hips (loins, side), lorn, m.pl. Zomo. 
 
 his (her), Id'nyet, f. nanyet, pi. la'nyet. 
 
 his (her, etc.), Id'-ngit, f. nd' ngit, p). hd'-iigit. 
 
 his (hers), Id'nyet. 
 
 hit (with the hands, clap the hands), nanggu, 
 pres. nananggii, pvef. ananggu, i. nanggi, pass. 
 nanga. vide 7irt?)^. 
 
 hither (here, there, here), ?i/. Ex : /d j?t = come 
 here. 
 
 hither (to skip, to hop, to leap out rr forth), 
 Id'hun, pres. hduhu'n, perf. ahdiun, i. Z(f?.j<. 
 
 hoe (long), ?((trt (short), /.o/ie, also ?«i«, «a.pl. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY 
 
 91 
 
 hold (to raise, to lilt, to bear hither, to carry 
 hither, to float along on the watei), dnl-iim. 
 pres. du\luhiim, perf. adulntm, i. dulii, pass. 
 dulcue (jduhwe). 
 
 hold (to ra'se, to lift), def, pres. dedef, perf. 
 adef, i. defe, pass, de'^fa. 
 hold back (to keep back, to keep off), gogii. 
 pres. gd'gogn, perf. agd'gii, i. gdJ^e, pass, go'ho. 
 hole, d;7j. 
 
 hole (deepening, excavation), jonirn, f.pl. 
 Joiu'ri:of. 
 hole (deep place), rumd, f.pl. mrnolri. 
 hole (ditch), u-otcn, f.pl. ivowuli. 
 hole (aperture, opening), <»/?£7ei, f.pl. tntuletji. 
 hole (mouse-), rurno-na-mijoli, pi. rurtioli-ti- 
 ■ihijol;. 
 
 holy (pure, white), lu'kwe, f. nalwe, pi s. vide 
 /o7.e. 
 
 home (house), ?ne(?e, {.\>\. n<i\liJUi-. Ex: »o?i 
 /" ?iie(7e = I am going homo). 
 
 honey, simitd. 
 
 honour (respect, regard, esteem), livasef, f. 
 vide liradd. 
 
 honour (to honour), lamidd. 
 
 honour (to love), nyarjn, pres. nijiinynrju, perf. 
 anyarjii, i. nyarji, pass, nyara. 
 
 honour (to love), n?/«r, pres. nyanyar, perf. 
 anyar, i. nyare, pass, nyara. Ex: nyare'ta, 
 hi»ga silo se mamcCn ta = love also those who 
 hate you. 
 
 honour (to respect, to praise), Iwadd, pres. 
 lavalacadd, perf. uhwadd, i. Jacaddi, pa?s. Incasa. 
 
 hoof (paw, claw), fululcuak, l.pl. siditknal-an. 
 
 hop (skip, hither, to leap out or forth), hdun, 
 inx-a. laJidni'n, perf. ahdni'n, i. Znfj*. 
 
 hope (to expect), j/en, pros. yeyfH, perf. of/e;;, 
 i. 2/f'W'') pass, ye 'no. 
 
 horn, Kiigwiiri, m.pl. d'ngiijora. 
 
 horn-owl, unguU, ra.pl. iiiufidyet. 
 
 hornet, Inhihin. 
 
 horrible (cruel, terrible, lit. cruel intentions), 
 /.((/«' lofaddu, c.pl. l;tdajin-hif<iddn. 
 
 horrible (to be cruel, ito be terrible). Jafaddn, 
 pres. lalafaddn, perf. (d((faddti, i. lafuddi. 
 
 horse (ass), hayne (J.ayne), f.pl. hayneld. 
 
 hot (very warm),/«/e, c.pl.s. 
 
 hour (time), dingif, u.pl. dingi'ten. 
 
 house (.home), ?ne(/e, f.pl. mfdijil;. Ex : ?irt?i 
 <(( mecZe = I am going home. 
 
 house (room, pi. village, parish), l;udi (ladi'), 
 n.pl. ladi'Jiu: 
 
 house (of bird, bird's nest), iMdi-na-hiven, pi. 
 ladi\jil;-U-l,iven. 
 
 house (of snail, snail's shell), ladi-na-hmgg' u, 
 pi. liddijil-ti-hinggnolon. 
 
 how, (da. 
 
 how much, mndd. 
 
 however (yet. nevertheless), age. 
 
 howl (to yell), gu-dju. pres. gwugmiji'. perf. 
 agicojii, i. gii'o/i, also sinf. 
 
 hug (to embrace), ludah. pres. lahalab, perf. 
 al;alah, i. l.alafe, pass, lalafa. 
 
 humble (peaceable, submissive). «;«?/, c.pl. 
 )Hrt'?ta<. 
 
 hump (hunch, hump-back — of men), giidn, n.pl. 
 giididiin. 
 
 hump (back — of animal), rug. 
 
 humpbacked (hunchbacked), hogudu, c.pl.s. 
 
 hunch (hump), gndn, u.pl. gudidan. 
 
 hunchbacked (humpbacked), l.o gii'dx, c.pl.s. 
 
 hundred, fall no. Ex : ftd;i"nd mtire'l: — 200 ; 
 fid.ino musd'Ia = 300. 
 
 hundred, merya-fudlc. 
 
 hunger, magor, f. Ex: nan lo magor = I am 
 hungry, lit. I with hunger. 
 
 hungry, magd^ra, pres. mamagd^ra, perf. ama- 
 gd'ra, i. magorani. 
 
 hungry (to make), iomagd^ra. pres. totomagd'm, 
 perf. atomard'ra, i. tomagore, vide magor. 
 
 hungry (with hunger), I.o-mogor. c.pl.s. 
 
 hunt (to chase, to drive away), ril.dro, ires. 
 r/rildid, perf. aril, did, i. riJ.dio, pass. ril;oji. 
 
 hunt down (to run down), tudu'rajn, pres. 
 tidtidaraju, perf. atiidd'raJK, i. tndaram', pass. 
 tuda'ra. vide f?«;T«. 
 
 hunting (chase), ngoret, f.pl. ngd'retji. 
 
 hurdle (staple, pen), g'oro, l.pl. gorojin. 
 
 hut (wound), (?i7,-a, n.pl. dild'la, also dihajin. 
 i hurt (to woimd), 7rof, pres. /io/.oY, perf. «Aof, i. 
 ; /.oh', pass. loto. 
 I husband (spouse), ?o?(-f, n.pl. lian. 
 
 husk (shell, skin), fuditr, f.pl. /«(?/, also /,«)/» 
 '^ dliurra." 
 
 hyena, givorong, l.pl. giafrioigin. 
 
 hypocrite (dissemble r),/,f(/a lanif,o.'p\,]:afahd:. 
 wide fay u. 
 
 I (pers. pronoun), ««», c.pl. ///. also /. 
 
 I alone, nun-gcelng, c.pl. yi-hade. 
 
 I myself, nandoftng, c.pl. yidofe-ngat. 
 
 ibis (black), luioaimng, f-pl. hiwawangan, also 
 
 idea (thought), T/ej/t-'e^ n.pl. yeye'efji (yyi^'yot). 
 idle, (/oA-e/i, c.pl. 2/"/;('//a ; (vain) /.-anrt. 
 idle (lazv), yo/.e, c.pl. 2/o/.//«. 
 idle (to "be Lizy), yokaii, pres. yoydlcan. perf. 
 ayd'han, i. yole. viele yid:an. 
 idleness (laziness), yoAe<, u. 
 if, kod:ode. - 
 
 ill (sick), mimin, or a;//Ze. 
 ill (sick), hamtje, c.pl. lamyeji. vide Ao and 
 
92 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 ill (to have pain), itiyen, pres. mimyen, perf. 
 amyen, i. mini' {myene). 
 
 ill (to bear ill will, to show enmity), tuman. 
 pros, fu tuman, perf. aluman, i. tumanr. Ex : 
 we hate each other = yi tutumcCn ho do. 
 
 immediately, snmanaua, tinana. 
 
 immerse (to dip), mi'Ion, pres. mfmilon, perf. 
 ami 'Win. i. mUe. 
 
 impart (to give), gu-e'laJdn, pres. gwegive'lalin, 
 perf. afiw^'lal.in, i. gwelali, pass, gwe'laki. 
 
 implements (tools), gelet, u.pl. ge'letji. 
 
 important (to be more), to'ngun. vide " to sur- 
 pass, to excel." 
 
 impoverished (iwor), lomeri, c pi. lomeri'l-a. 
 
 impudent (to be impudent), totltimha. vide 
 titiinhu. 
 
 in, i. Ex : / ladi = in the house. \ 
 
 in all places (everywhere), i-firi' ten-ling. 
 
 in one place (together), i-firit-na-geleiuj. 
 
 in order that (so that, in o:der that we, they, 
 1st and ord pers. pi.), anyan. 
 
 in the middle (among), i-hiden. 
 
 incense, lasoseri, m.pl. ]:asoserijin. 
 
 incendiary, layu'ranit, c.pl. hayural:. vide 
 
 incision (circumcision, cut), tufe't, f.pl. tn/e'tji. 
 viile tufun. 
 
 increase (growth), duret, n. vide durjo. 
 
 increase (in size or bulk), ngaddu, pres. ngd'- 
 ngaddii, perf. a ngaddu, i. ngaddi. 
 
 increase (and time of rain), i. jawe (Jaheh). 
 
 india-rubber, meme, f.pl. me'melan. 
 
 india-rubber (tree), uhidi, m.pl. 6'lcolot. 
 
 indicate (also recompense, restore, to return 
 something), nyS^dhin, pres. nyonyblco^iii, perf. 
 amjolioldn, i. nyololi, pass, nyohohi. 
 
 indifferent (to be), Id' an, pres. lald'nn, perf. 
 aid nn. i. laii. 
 
 indulge (to satiate), toyCmiJno, pres. totoyC- 
 rnono, jierf. atoyimouo, i. toyimone, pass, yimiino. 
 
 indulgence (loosening, remission), /a/.e<, f.pl. 
 Id'heiji. 
 
 infirmity (weakness), toniunyet, f.pl. tomnnyetji. 
 
 information, longe. 
 
 inherit, mdya, pres. rurndya, perf. arudya, i. 
 
 inheritance (heritage), l-arutet, f.pl. larutetji. 
 
 inheritance (heritage), r^^e^, f.pl. ru'tetji. 
 
 inheritor (heir), l-arutanit, c.pl. larutal;. 
 vide hand and ruddya. 
 
 ink (blackness), ICdingi, f. Ex: yitvu'icur 
 ho li'dingi = we write with ink. 
 
 inner ear (hearing), yinget, n.pl. yi'ngetji. 
 vide ?/('/«3. 
 
 inquire (to ask), _/7ja, pres. fifija, perf. afi'ja, 
 i. /jyV. pass. /t"o. viile /?. 
 
 inquisitive (forward, over-curious person), 
 hatiti'manit, c pi. hatitimal;. vide fitimha. 
 
 inquisitive (to be prying), titimha, pres. titimha, 
 perf. atitimha, i. titimhr. 
 inside ithe interior, inward, interior), /.oiw, f.pl. 
 
 inside (stomach, of poultry), lotoroh, m.pl. hto- 
 rohon. 
 
 inspector, lomjn, or wiiH^:irJu. 
 
 inspect, wnwnrjx, or wm-Ju. 
 
 inspire (to breathe upon, to breathe into), 
 ynhahin, pres. ynyuhahin, perf. ayuhaldn, i. 
 yiihahi, pass, yuhahi. 
 
 instant (sliort time), dingit-ndWet {didingit- 
 nd'det), pi. dingiten-nd didil;. 
 
 instead of, ijiri't {i-firit). 
 
 instruct (to teach), todtn, pres. toto hn, perf. 
 atoden. i. tadenc'. pass, todena. vide fZew. 
 
 instruction (school), todCnet, f.pl. todinetji. 
 
 instrument (for catting, saw), dangd. u.p\ 
 
 instrument (for puncturing), l«o"e^ l.pl. soetji. 
 vide so. 
 
 instrument (for opening), hahict'hanit, c.pl. 
 hahwv'hah. vide hweja. 
 
 insult (to outrage, to di.shonour). Urn, pres. 
 Z«7i')M, perf. alim, i. Z/me, pass. ITnia. 
 
 insult (disgrace, irony), moret, f.pl. moretji. 
 vide mor. 
 
 insult (especially to answer with insolence), 
 turn, pres. lolomhn, perf. aliimhu, i. lombi, pass. 
 7o)«o. 
 
 intelligent (especially skilfid), lohong, 
 c.pl.s. 
 
 intelligence (knowledge), (7e/je(, n.pl. dc'netji. 
 
 inter (to bury), 9i/(/.-, pres. nnnnh, perf. anuh, i. 
 «/(/,•?', pass. ni(hd. 
 
 intercede (for another, to ask for something), 
 ntolohin, pres. momolohiu, perf. anidUohin, i. 
 molohi, pass, md'lohi. 
 
 intercession (entreaty, request, prayer), molet, 
 f.pl. md'htji. vide moyn. 
 
 interior (inward, the inside, the interior), A-o^d, 
 f.pl. hatdjin. 
 
 interpret (to talk in a foreign language), Z((c77/fl, 
 pres. lidudya, perf. alndya, i, ludyani, pass. 
 /"fZyo/.t. 
 
 interpreter, haluWyanit, c.pl. haludyal: vide 
 hidya. ..^ .. 
 
 intestine (rectum), mditoni, m.pl. monyet.'" 
 
 intestines (especially rectum), luh>do. 
 
 inside (therein, into), ngin. 
 
 into (inside, tin rein), ngin. 
 
 intoxicated person (a drunkard), hamc'ranit, 
 c.pl. hame'rah-. 
 
 intoxication (tippling, carousing), jneret, f.pl. 
 nu'''reiji. 
 
 intoxication (drunkenness), meran {me'ran), f. 
 
 invite (to call hither), Inugnn, pres. hdungiin, 
 ptTf. ahiugiin, i. liingii {lungi), pass. Jungn. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 93 
 
 invite, to (to come from afar), gnhun, pres. 
 guijidun, perf. acjuhun, i. gulu, pass, gu'lue. 
 Ex : _r/«/,M nan = invite me. 
 
 inward (interior, the inside, the interior), l-atd, 
 f.pl. hata'jin. 
 
 iron, reat, f.pl. re (reh). 
 
 iron ring (tliielv or hroaH). Jnga, f pi. jagajin. 
 
 iron-stone (iron-ball, bullet, iron-nail), wi'yute, 
 f.pl. wiyv. 
 
 irony (disgrace, insult), moret, f.pl. moretji. 
 vide mdr. 
 
 irritated (enraged, angry — of men and animals), 
 jegii, c.pl.s. 
 
 island (especially a small one), fi'fi, m.pl. fifia. 
 
 island (big), til.en, m.pl. tilemjo. 
 
 issue (conclusion, way out), dutet, n.pl. 
 dutetjCn. 
 
 itch (leprosy, mange), yangotat, n.pl. yango. 
 
 itch (scab, pimples), 1^-efot, f. 
 
 itch (to scratch, to rub), /«rt, ^irea. fufiiri, petf. 
 afuri, i.furim'. Ex : horilM fufuri = the skin 
 itches. 
 
 ivory (elephants' tusks), hele'-lo-tome, pi. 1:ala- 
 ti-tome {lala-tl-tomya). 
 
 ivory (arm ring), raratat, f.pl. rara. 
 
 J 
 
 jar, tongbo. 
 
 jaw (mouth), lutuk (kotoh), f.pl. Ini'tusen. 
 
 jaws (palate), dalo, n.pl. dalolo. 
 
 jaw-bone, lembe, m.pl. lemhijot. 
 
 jerboa (rat),/rt?tfojjgr, f.^l. funtongan. 
 
 jest (to joke), gwujo, pres. gicugwujo, perf. 
 agwiijo, i. giouje. 
 
 joiner (carpenter), ]:ale''fanit, m.pl. hahe'yul:. 
 vide /.efca. 
 
 joke (fun), f/HV, n. vide gtcujo. 
 
 joke (to jest) gwujo, pres. ginVgioujo, perf. 
 agicii'jo, i. gumje. 
 
 jolt (to shake), dodong, pres. dodong, perf. 
 adodong, i. dodomje, pass, dodomja. 
 
 journey, ./eZe. 
 
 joy (enjoyment), liongit, f.pl. Uongiton. 
 
 judge, JlCisu rnnit, m.pl. lasd'rak. vide car. 
 
 judge (to direct), «ar, pres. sasftr, perf. asar, i. 
 sare, pass. s«'ra. 
 
 judge (to judge someone, to make one's will or 
 statement), saraldn, pres. sasd'raJiin, perf. 
 asaraldn, i. saraki, pass, sd'raki. 
 
 judgment (also assembly, meeting, also stick 
 which the Bari carries as a symbol of meeting, 
 shaped like a fork), /;(<ef, m.p]./j<7e(/'/. 
 
 judgment (sentence), saret, n.pl. sd'retji. 
 
 jug (pot, pitcher), jsa/e, l.pl. safya (sd'fia). 
 
 juice, <«■('/, f. 
 
 jumble (mixing together, chaos), tore'et, f.pl. 
 tor^'etii. 
 
 jumble (to mix together), tore'^kiu, pres. 
 totore'I:in, perf. atoi'e'kin, i. torekih, pass, torc'ki 
 {tonUi). 
 
 jump (to skip), Zrtjii, pres. lalam, perf. oZajw, i. 
 Z«me'. 
 
 jump (to spring over), king, pres. lalang, perf. 
 alang, i. /angre. 
 
 jump in (to fall in), lahd'ktn, pres. lalahd'kin, 
 perf. alabd'kin, i. lahakt. 
 
 jump, labara. 
 
 just (good, right), abrimn, c.pl.s. vide busan. 
 
 just as many (so many), mukido, f. mulu'ne. 
 vide wiM. 
 
 just (to be just, to be good), hiisan, pres. 
 bu'busan, perf. alusan, i. busane. 
 
 just so (thus), sona. 
 
 justice (kindness, goodness), 6Mse<, n. 
 
 K 
 
 keep off (to keep back, to hold back), f/o^yjt, 
 pres. gd'gogn, perf. agd'gu, i. ;/o/.>-'. pass, gd'ko. 
 
 keep off (to enclose, to abstain from, to fast), 
 fen;/, pres. teteng, perf. ateng, i. fe»f/t', pass, tengo. 
 
 keep (to load, to laden, to catch, to take), uju, 
 pres. nu'ju, perf. aiVjii, i. ?s/i7i, pass. ?«,'?/. 
 
 keep (or raise), <?</ (dedef). 
 
 kerkedek, lal.a. 
 
 key, titii.et, m.pl. titiketji. vide <i7i7i-. 
 
 kidney bean, lofu'tide, m.pl. lofu'tu. 
 
 kill, tof (t, pres. totd'tu, perf. atd'tu, i. totune, pass. 
 tiitua. 
 
 kill (to put to death), rembu, pres. re'rembu, 
 perf. are'mbu, i. re?HP', pass, re'^mo. vide rem. 
 
 kill, rem, pres. rej-em, perf. arem, i. reme', pass. 
 re'"mo. 
 
 kill (to choke, to strangle), W, pres. /ofo, perf. 
 (f/d, i. fo?<'', pass. <o"Zo. 
 
 kill (to cut, to cut off, especially the head), 
 dung, pres. dudung, perf ad/ing, i. dnnge, pass. 
 (7mw;o. 
 
 kind (gracious, good), lo'bnset, f. nd'buset, pi. 
 Id'busetji, f.pl. na'busetji. vide busan. 
 
 kindness (justice, goodness), 6u«ef, n. 
 
 king, matut. 
 
 kingdom (dominion), tumatyan, f. vide matat. 
 
 kiss (kissing), ti^ef, n.pl. bCttji. vide tt and 
 Z^zHm. 
 
 kiss, binndya, pres. bibiundya, perf. abiundyu, i. 
 biundy^. pass. Wue. vide 6«hh. 
 
 kiss, 6^■«n, pres. bi'hiun, perf. abi'un, i. fci"?', 
 pass. Z^fwe. 
 
 kite, /.w'ri, pi. kurilen. 
 
 knee, knngu, m.pl. kungudt. 
 
 kneel, rugungd, pres. ruruguwjo, perf. arugvni,o, 
 i. rugnngdni. 
 
94 
 
 EXGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 knife, imie, m.pl. ivalya. 
 
 knock (to kuoek at), ^o.V, pres. totoJ,-, perf. cdol,-, 
 i. tola', pass, td'ho. Ex : who is knocking at 
 the door? = njd ioto\- I./ nit ? 
 
 knock down (to pull down), inr, pres. tiifiii\ 
 perf. atur, i. tnrr, pass. t'(ro. 
 
 knock out (to punch with the list, to thra?h), 
 _/o'-, pros. JoJoJ.; perf. (ijuk, i. Joh', pa^s. jo'ica. 
 Ex : holot ajo\a = the dura is thrashed. 
 
 know (to discern, to perceive), gicnln, pres. 
 (jicif'jwidn, i^crf. ajtculu, i. guuditnc, pass. 
 (jiculxa. 
 
 know (to understand), den, pres. deden, perf. 
 adoi, i. dene, pass, de'^iit. 
 
 knowledge (iutelUgence), denef, u.pl. d^'^netji. 
 
 known (to make known, to publish), ttdmdro. 
 vide luoro (also to announce), pres. tolo^uoro, 
 perf. atohiiorU, i. tolntoro. pass, toluoji. 
 
 known (to be - known everywhere), Inion, 
 pres. luLudn, perf. alnion, i. Imon' (Jnine'). 
 
 known (to make known to others), tol;ul;in, 
 pres. totol;ul:in, perf. ato^.nl'ldn, i. tolnddli, pass. 
 
 labour, 7.77((. 
 
 labourer (workman), ImlCtanit, c.^\. halntalc. 
 vide 7.i7o. 
 
 ladder (staircase, mounting, rising), 7.t"e<, f.pl. 
 Ifetji. vide /.//a. 
 
 ladle (to pour into), yilalin, pres. yiyfJalnn, 
 perf. atj'Clalin, i. yilah', pass, yilali. 
 
 lady's fingers, (6«m?«) holoddo. 
 
 lamb, hilolong, pi. y/s/. 
 
 lame (crooked), ngode', c.pl. ngoddd (also hatta). 
 D. ngol. 
 
 lament, u-ongon ; sec " to mourn and to crj-." 
 
 lamentation (cry of distress), hi'lnet, f. 
 
 lance (spear), ;/or,'n.pl. ;/o"j'o. 
 
 land (country), _/«)-, m.pl. ./«roft. 
 
 land (couu'ry), mudyng, f.pl. mudinjin. 
 
 land, to (to arrive, to come), dur, pres. dudur, 
 l^erf. adiir, i. cZum 
 
 language, hulya, f.t." Ex : Ictdya-tf-Bari — 
 the Bari language, vide hulyatat. 
 
 large, lehiju. 
 
 lash (to scourge, to beat), hit, pros, bihft, perf. 
 f(7>i"f, i. bite', pass. Z>i70j cf. J>h^ 
 
 lashes, hihita. 
 
 last (the last), ]omiilv\; f. namitlo^,; pi. 
 tfimdiok. vide mulw:,-. 
 
 last (the last, at least, end), mulol; f. 
 
 lasting (always), yenj'ngin, c.pl.s. 
 
 later, tjjo, also mdda. 
 
 later (then), cZecZe (also sooa). Ex : Jio« /o/o 
 f?c'(7e = I am coming soon. 
 
 later (then, soon), de (ede, dede). 
 
 later (after), ede {de, dede). 
 
 later (still later, the diy after tomorrow), 
 
 laugh (to laugh at), Iweni, pres. hweliweni, 
 perf. aktc ni, pass. Icweninc. 
 
 laugh (to make laugh, i.e. by tickling), hohdlija, 
 (pres.) hobdlija, perf. abobaiija, i. boho^iu"', pass. 
 bobo'ia. vide bci. 
 
 law (command), saref, n.pl. saretji. 
 
 lay (vide ''to put, to place something"), 
 tofi'rikin. 
 
 lay (to place, to put), togwCdihln, pres. 
 tolojn-fdiliin, perf. atojwfdikin, i. tojicidild'h. 
 
 lay on (to put on), gafcfhin, pres. gajafahin, 
 perf. ajafcfhin, i. gafaln, pass, gafalci. 
 
 laziness (idleness), yofcef, n. 
 
 lazy, 2/o7'''', al-;o 6«r (only used in conjunction 
 with m(5 and to), vide mobur and <o7;(r, also 
 7oWf;- (evil, b.xd). 
 
 lazy (idle), ?/oAe, c.pl. yol-ya. 
 
 lazy (to be idle), yolcan, pres. yoyo^can, perf. 
 ayo\iin, i. ?/o.V. vide yidcan. 
 
 lead (to draw, to pull), ,/i.v, pres. ^,/iA-, perf. 
 q?77.-, \.fike', Y>xss.fihd. 
 
 lead (to draw, to pull along, to drag, especially 
 cattle), jili, pres. jijih; perf. a//A-, i. jilie, pass. 
 ./t".vo. 
 
 lead (lo lead into temptation, to entice), 
 difmara, prea. dtidtfmara, perf. adii'mara, i. 
 dmnird, pass, dnma'ji. 
 
 lead (to drive), me', pres. mewr', perf. am<', i. 
 H(e)ip, pass. meya. 
 
 lead (to lead astray, to make bad, to sin), 
 toron, jires. td'toron, perf. atdWon, i. torony/, 
 pass, tord'nya. 
 
 lead (to lead astray, to try, to convey), mor, pres. 
 momor, perf. amor, i. iHoyt", pass, more {moro). 
 
 lead (to lead away, to take away, to carry 
 aw.iy). jong, pres. jojong, pesf. ajong, i. jonje, 
 l^ASs. Jonja. 
 
 lead on (to carry on), jikun, pres. jijilun, perf. 
 ajiJntn, i., ///.??, pass. _/Y7;Me. vide ,/«','.•. ■ 
 
 leader (guide— of men und animals), liafilvnif, 
 c.pl. liafilM'!:. 
 
 leader (the guide — especially of an animal), 
 laJiLonit, c.pl. IcaJiLo^:. vide,//.'.-. 
 
 leaf (of tree, ixaper, etc.), lord'fotat, f.pl. lwr6\fo. 
 
 leak (to run, to bubble, to drizzle,- 'to drox> — of 
 tears), u-on, pres. ■ztoiooji, perf aii-on, i. ^pohc'. 
 vide liomjen-u'on. 
 
 lean (thin), Id'soJc, pl.s. D. so/r. 
 
 lean (against or upjn), f/7.o, pres. titi\o, perf. 
 atilxv, i. tilwnili. 
 
 leap (out or forth, to hop, to skip), labii'n, 
 pres. lalahun, perf. cdabit'n, i. /at?/. 
 
 learn (to be taught), di'nild, pres. didfnild, 
 perf. adinild, i. dlnildne. 
 
 learn (to become learned), todCniM, pres. 
 totodiniki, perf. atodinild, i. todinike. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 95 
 
 learned (learned man, scliolav), hade'nanit, 
 c.pl. Icacl/nah. vide den 
 
 leather (skin, hide), (joher, l.pl. tjo'hero. 
 
 leather (sack which also serves as a cradle), 
 d'ifa, n.pl. difajin. 
 
 leave (to abandon, to desert), fa, pros, fafd 
 perf. afd, i. fan', pass, faya, (i. uegat. Lo/k. 
 vide Icofajur). 
 
 leave (behiul), ]ioId\ia-hot. vide loJo'.vi. 
 
 leave (tj leave someone, to leave behiml, to 
 abandon, to forgive), ],dld\in, pres. l;6l;olo';ln, 
 perf. alwldkin, i. 1cdIo\-t, pass, /.-o'/o {loJo'.i). 
 
 leech, loblhiit, m.pl. lohib'itan. of. ^i". 
 
 left (to the left), A-af?(itt/e (fidv. mostly used with 
 the prefix " a "), aladong '. 
 
 left (i.e. hand, or foot, etc.), l;a hnjc, m.iil. 
 laidonjeJri. 
 
 leg (from the hip do.vuwards), md^-ot, m.pl. 
 moJiotJi. 
 
 leg (below the knee), lorro^M. 
 
 leg bone, Innjn tijD, m.pl. Icmj i. 
 
 leg irons, rlhinde. 
 
 lentils, lofutn. 
 
 leopard (tiger), lioka, f.pl. l-oliajin. 
 
 leopard, Inoaru, ra.pl. Invarujin. 
 
 leprosy (itch, mange), yanjotat, u.^il. ijawju. 
 
 lest (couj.), on. 
 
 let (to allow), /.o, pres. /.o'iO, i^erf. a/.o, i. lijli, 
 jta^s. Aoto. 
 
 let (let a thing slip, to miss an opportunity), 
 duto'dn, pres. dndnto^dn, \)Qyi. aduto^dn, i. 
 dutolii, pass, dnio'd. 
 
 .letter, jonge. 
 
 liar, huronet, c.pl. huronoli. vide urono. 
 
 liar, nronit, c.pl. uronolc. 
 
 liar (cheat), k£ngoyoiiU, c.pl. hd'HidyUl;. vide 
 
 lick off, dd'ng, pres. dadd'ng, perf. add'nj, i. 
 dangg{, pass, danga. 
 
 lick off, danggu, pres. dudanjgn, i. dangijt, 
 pass, danga. 
 
 lid (cover), roA'< f.pl. rd'/etji. 
 
 lid (cover), lodfd, m.pl. loJCetji. 
 
 lie (falsehood), hitrof, n.pl. hurotji. 
 
 lie, nro.to, pres. ii urono, perf. d'aruno, i. 
 M?ouoni'. 
 
 lie down (take to one's bed, be seated), firild, 
 pres. fifirild, perf. affrild, i. finklne. 
 
 Hie, fote't, {.pl.fote'tji. vide /of. 
 
 life (also look, aspect, view, mirror), me<e<, 
 f.pl. m'/tetji. 
 
 lift (to raise, to hold), dnlcun, pres. dxVdiilun, 
 perf. adulmn, i. dakii, jiass, diikae. 
 
 lift (to raise), do7t-, jires. dodoh, perf. o(?o/i-, i. 
 tZo/ce, pass. cZo'/co. 
 
 light, tulc'ef, f.pl. ful'/etji. 
 
 light (lustre, brilliancy, mxgnificeuce, fame), 
 fard'yet, i.pl.farayetji. 
 
 light (dame), /«"rar«, f.itl.farard'jin. 
 
 light (to light for some one), tnleJdn, pres. 
 tuUfleldn, p:rf. atuleldn, i. inhhih. 
 
 light (shine), farasak, pres. fafamsak, perf. 
 a/arasal; pass, farasalr'. 
 
 light (give light— cspecidly of the sun), ?q;o, 
 pres. l6'lo',a, peif. a?o'7«, i. ^o/i". 
 
 light (in light), /ade^/e. " 
 
 lighten, malangiu, pres. mamahtnggu, jiorf. 
 ama'an igu, i. malanggt. 
 
 lighten (to shine), milyanggn, pres. miiui- 
 ^y'^>^'l9"f perf. amiUanggu, i, mi'lyanggi. 
 
 lightning, milya, m.pi. mdydUan. 
 
 like (similar, as), (/(uuso, also gweajo. 
 
 like (similar, as), adv. gicosc. 
 
 like (to come, to come willingly), duk-fofo, 
 \n-cs.dedek-fofo, perf. ade'k-fofo, i. deke'-fofo.' 
 
 limit (boundary, furrow, column), r/?e(. 
 
 lion, komiru, m.pl. kUmi'ruot. 
 
 lip, /o?>iH, m.pl. lobhflau. 
 
 little, liidi;, c.pl.s. 
 
 little (small), ?o"fij7, f. Ji«"(/i7, pi. 16'diUk, f.pl. 
 
 little branch (twig), kenc-mCdit, pi. kenya- 
 nadidik. 
 
 little (animal), monig, m.pl. monyken. 
 
 live (to remain), (/a'o/i (gwogicon), 
 
 live (stay), gicolong, pres. gwogwolong, j^erf. 
 agioolong, i. gwolongi'. 
 
 live, /di, pres. /o/df, perf. o/d/, i./ofe'. 
 
 live, d»7rd, pres. dudukii, perf adxi'kd, i. dukom'. 
 
 live (also to look, to see), m-.-f, pres. inemet, 
 perf. amef, i. Tneff', pass. ?iiefd. 
 
 live (to see), meddya, pres. me'meddya, perf. 
 am''ddya, i. meddi {niedi'). pass. h;p7((. 
 
 live (with somebody, to remain), gwilinggi, 
 pros, gwigivilinggi, perf. agudlinjgi, i. gwilinggi. 
 vide gtcolong. 
 
 liver, munyet, f.pl. mtinyetJL 
 
 lizard, gurutot, n.pl. {//(j-m. 
 
 lizard. (^ile), manya, f.pl. manyd'Jin. 
 
 load, 2/;(?i, pros, yuyiin, perf. «//•(«, i. ?/?{«(»', 
 pass, yu'na. Ex : 7,rt^«e. ayifna farfk = he is 
 too heavily laden. 
 
 load (to laden, also to keep, to catch, to 
 take), !y'!(, i^res. li iija, perf. d'uju, i. ?t/'«7i, pass. 
 
 loan, monerja. 
 
 locust (grasshopper), Id'dere, m.pl. Jodercla. 
 
 log (tree, wood;, kodini, pi. kaden. 
 
 logs (for the fire, wood fT fuel), kaden-ti- 
 kimang. 
 
 loin cloth (girdle), kafd'U-a, f.t. 
 
 loins, mukek. pi. mukcka. 
 
 loins, lom, m.pl. ?oma. D. Zojn. 
 
 long, Zd'/yc;, f. Hf/Vyo, pl.8. 
 
 long (to long for), & •', pros, ^ettf", perf. oti', i. 
 ' 6de', pass, /j/'/o. 
 
96 
 
 ENdLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 long (long time ago, earlier, sooner), la'u. 
 Ex : nan hajti aying sine = I heard that long 
 ago. 
 
 look (view, aspect, mirror, life), metet, f.pl. 
 m'-'tetji. 
 
 look (to see), met, pres. meniet, perf. amet, i. 
 mete, pass. metd. 
 
 look (to see, to view), Inidi, pres. Inflndi, 
 perf. al.udi, i. Jaidie', pass. Jaidt'lo. 
 
 look for (to seek), doija. pres. dd'doya, perf. 
 add'ija, i. dot (doh'), pass. ffc'7«. vide do. 
 
 look for (to seek), do. jires. (7oc?o', perf. add, i. 
 fZoe {dole), pass. rfo'7o. 
 
 look for, gfaf/M, pres. gagayu, pert, agayu, i. j/a?, 
 pass. ;/d7«. 
 
 look up (to look up), hongijci, pres. bd'bongga, 
 perf. abd'tuiga, i. bon'jge, pas.s. bonga. 
 
 look up (to look towards a place), yey'a, pres. 
 yeyfi'\ia, perf. aj/e'!/", i. ^/e/e. 
 
 look (to look with pleasure), dir-lni-lfongSn. 
 
 lose, /j/i/tt, pres. lililun, perf. aJil;in, i. ///ii', 
 pass. Zi/;/?i. Ex : </<wi« na Uldn = something 
 lost, or a lost article. 
 
 lose, lyangan, pres. lilyangan, perf. aJyunjan, i. 
 lyangi, pass. lyanga. 
 
 lose, tidyanggu, pres. tntulyang ju, perf. «<«- 
 lyanggu, i. tulyanggih, pass, tidyanija. 
 
 lose, tolihen, pres. totoliJcen, perf. atoUl;en, i. 
 toUldli, pass, tolihi. vide /j7.m. 
 
 loosen (to unbini, to free), /((/,-, pres. ia/«A-, 
 perf. o?a/.', i. Z«/.c', pass, /(f /.a. 
 
 loosen (to remain, to leave behiud, to yield, to 
 pardon), yifwn, pres. fifitun, perf. afitun, i. ^7i<, 
 pass, yihie. 
 
 loosening (remission, indulgence), /o/icf, f.pl. 
 Zd7.e(/7. 
 
 lost (to pass away), lilidrd, pres. Ulikidrd, perf. 
 alildord. i. lilioro. 
 
 loud, faril:. 
 
 louse, sirotat, l.pl. si'j-o. 
 
 love (to honour), n;/rtr, pres. vyanyar, perf. 
 anyar, i. nyare', pass, nyd'ra. 
 
 love (to honour), nyarju, pres. nyanyarjtt, perf. 
 anyarju, i. nyarji, pass, nyd'ra. 
 
 lubia, lofidu. 
 
 luggage, torrobo. 
 
 lukewarm (tepid), foyiyik, c.pl.s, 
 
 lung, Ittlofuro, f.pl. lulofuro'.i. 
 
 lurk (to wait for), rw/w, pres. rurufn, pref. 
 arufu, i. rufunili, pass. ru'Ju. 
 
 M 
 
 mad, maniala, also Lodon,an, 
 
 magician, yamaml, pi. yamal;. 
 
 magnificence (light, lustre, fame, brilliancy), 
 farayet, f.pl. farayetji. 
 
 magnify (amplify, to exaggerate), td^ngaddii, 
 pres. told' ngaddu, perf. atd'ngaddii, i. td'ngaddih, 
 pass, td'ngd'ta. 
 
 maid (servant), nguro-dufyet, f.pl. ngnajih-dnfl. 
 
 maintain (to provide for), imwd'ja, pros. 
 H-oM-o"ja, pt-rf. aicd'Ja, i. woicojih (icowone'), pass. 
 
 maintain (to feed, to nourish), tofodya, pres. 
 totofodya, perf. aiofodya, i. tofote', pass, to/d'ta. 
 
 maintainer (uourisher, sujiporter), kayu'tunit, 
 c.pl. l;ayuti(l;. 
 
 maize, bemnl;. 
 
 make, l;ondya, pres. lolondya, j^erf. ahondya, 
 i. londi (lone'), pass, hd'na. vide Aon. 
 
 make (to do), /.on, pres. l:ol;on, perf. oAon, i. 
 /.on^^', pass. Id'na. 
 
 make (to form, to create, to beget, to produce), 
 ijiveja, pres. give''giceja, perf. agioe"ja, i. giceje', 
 pass. give''a (gweya). 
 
 make (to make a circuit, to avoid, to pass by), 
 lenggii, pres. lelenggii, perf. alenggii, i. le})i;gi. 
 
 make (to make a present, to present), do*/, i^res. 
 dodog, perf. af?or/, i. doggi, pass, ddl.a. 
 
 make bad, ^o6i/r, pres. totobur, perf. (dobur, 
 i. tobure, pass. toburU. 
 
 make big (to raise, to elevate), iodiirjd, pres. 
 totodurjd, perf. utodiirjo, i. todnre', pass. todiVro. 
 
 make burn, iode'ba, pres. ioiodehu, perf. atode'ba, 
 i. todefe, pass, todefa. Ex : the fire is alight = 
 himang atode/a. 
 
 make full (to cram, to fill up), toliHu, pres. 
 totoli'tu, perf. utoli'tii, i. tolitune', pass, tolftu. 
 vide ?8^e. 
 
 make hard (to make strong), /or/o, pres. totogo, 
 perf. atogo, i. togole', pass, togd'lo. 
 
 make known (to publish), taluon. see " to 
 publish," vide A»on. 
 
 make known (to announce), <o/.m, pres. totol;u, 
 perf. utolii, i. tolnme, pass, toiu'le. 
 
 make one's will (or statement,, to judge), 
 ■■id'ral-in, pres. sasu'rakin, perf. asa'raldn, i. 
 sarahe, pass. sd'raJd. 
 
 make peace (to reconcile oneself, to be united 
 again), mora, pres. momora, perf. amd'ra, i. 
 morani. vide mor. 
 
 make peace (to mediate), licagu, pres. /aca- 
 ]:icagii, perf. a^ncagu, i. licagC, pass, hwd'ka. 
 
 make right, toburd, pres. totoburd, perf. atoburd, 
 i. tobiiranr, pass, toburd. 
 
 make straight (to stretch, to pull), r/A, pres. 
 nV/A, perf. flri7(, i. r/n-', pass. r/o. 
 
EXGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 97 
 
 make strong (hard), l!on-ahi\io. vide hon and ' 
 logu, f. hon-iinugo. 
 make water (to urinate), hnJa, pves. huJada, 
 perf. aJnihi, i. l;ulani. 
 
 make well (to heal), tohi'a, pres, totobCa, perf. 
 atohia, i. fabiaii-'. i 
 
 make wind (especially with bellows), yul; i 
 pres. yiiyiii:, pert, ayii],; i. yiilcc', pass. ytfJ.ii. 
 maker (creator), ijwe'anit, n.pl. (iwf'"ak. \ 
 
 making trade, honet, f. vide Imn and ho'et. 
 male, lululh\ pi. hdlalean. 
 man, /a/Ze. 
 
 man, old (or elderly), l-add'nganU, c.pl. l-ado'- 
 rvjal;. 
 
 manager (steward), lusatyo-hi'-ladi. pi. hi'ml.- 
 ii'-ladi. 
 mange (itch, leprosy), yangotat, n.pl. yango. 
 manger (trough, vessel for food), ni;dii, f.pl. 
 wjoitji. 
 manure (dung), urnte^ f.pl. (coto. 
 manure (clay, mud), fe/o, f.pl. lifolon. 
 manure (of sheep), Uliati, f.pl. liliat. 
 many, Jorc. 
 
 mark (sign, token, testimony, witness), hweyet, 
 f.pl. Inc'ijetji. 
 market (market-place), gwdrit, n.pl. gicdritji. 
 marriage (matrimony), yemet, n.pl. ye'metji, 
 also yemha. 
 married, yeyema. 
 marrow-bone (brain), l-tmyltat, f. 
 marrow (vegetable), berigo, also miishenge. 
 
 marry (of men), yemha, pres. yeyemha, perf. 
 (lyemha, i. yetithi. 
 
 marry (of girls), ye'ma, pres. yt-'yema, perf. 
 aye'ma {ae'ma), i. yemani, pass, ye'ma. Ex : 
 loditi ta hari yi'"yema nadidik = the Bari girls 
 marry young. 
 
 marry (want to be married, speaking of girls), 
 yoyii'Ja, pres. yoyd'ja, perf ayoynja, i. yoijoji, 
 pass, yii'yiia. 
 
 mass (crowd), Joduet, f.pl. lod^VetJi. 
 
 mass (crowd), cZcwie, l.pl. diJ'meJd. 
 
 master (commander), haylJlionit, m.pl. l-ayUhdl: 
 vide yo.vz. 
 
 master (father), monye, m.pl. Iwmonye. 
 
 master (of a \iouse),7nonye-mede{monye4o-7nede), 
 m.pl. homonye-mi-dijil; . 
 
 mat, ^;7,;«, pi. yikajin. 
 
 mate (assistant, comrade), lianga'ranit, c.pl. 
 luVngaralc. 
 
 matrimony (marringe), yemet, n.pl. ye'metji. 
 
 matter (thing, something), 7(r/o, f.pl.s. Ex : 
 ti-nan-ngo = give me something. 
 
 matter (pus), ((^o<, f. also tw/o^. 
 
 matter (of the eye), kanre"leng {lca)(re''Ienj), f. 
 
 matter (aflfair, thing, treasure, weapon), titoni, 
 f.pl. f;to. 
 
 maturity (ripeness), r/fZ, m. (time). 
 
 meal, Incohwo (also Jcwakwa), f.pl.s. 
 
 measure, /eiwe^ m.pl. te'metji. 
 
 measure (to give good measure, to fill to the 
 brim), rinl, pres. ruriid, perf arnd, i. rude, pass. 
 1 w'rfa. 
 
 measure (to fit, to adapt), tern, pros, tetem, perf. 
 o^ejH, i. /eiHc', j>ass. tc'ni'J. 
 
 measure (with basket), temha, pres. ietemha, 
 perf atemhci, i. temhih, pass. te"ma. 
 
 meat, l6l;ore, f.pl. lokd'rio. 
 
 meat (sun-dried), /erfo. 
 
 mechanic, ?w?i9, c.pl. lodudl. 
 
 meddle w^ith (to agree), morja, pres. mii'morjn, 
 perf. cthi I'rja. i. morji. 
 
 mediate (to make peace), kwitgit, i)res. /rica- 
 ].-irag:(. perf. cdncagu, i. luvigt, pass. Icivala. 
 
 mediatof (peaco-makei), kalnod'kanit, c.pl. 
 /.■a/.'(r«7.7f/.-. 
 
 mediator (peace maker), kamii'i-Knit, c.pl. 
 
 medicine (physic), ?{/«?', m.pl. iimPkii. vide it'/jii". 
 
 medicine (remedy), it'/nr, m.pl. winflo. Ex : 
 the doctDrs give medicine to the sick = kcdoli'ak 
 yeyc'L-iik/n kamyeji ivinild. 
 
 meditative (pensive person), kabe'lanit, c.pl. 
 kahelak. 
 
 meet (to come togeiher), fendya, pres./e/ewc7?/a, 
 parf. cifeitdya. i.fenddi. 
 
 meet (also to hasten, to hurry), rum, pres. rurum, 
 perf. arum, i. rwinc'. Ex: I met a liou = »"« 
 arum ko kdmyru. 
 
 meet (befall), kek, 
 kigi, pass. l;e'l;a. 
 
 melancholy (pain. 
 dure''tji. vide dztrH. 
 
 melt, mijo, pres. mi'mijo, 
 pass. iJii'o. 
 
 menace (to threaten), ?//;;, 
 ny//'/, i. yige', pass. yfga. 
 
 menace (threaten), musid:, pres. mumusnk, pei f. 
 amusii\\ i. musuli-e', pass, mumka. 
 
 menace (threaten), yigga, pres. yiyigga, perf. 
 cy'[m. i- y*'?./f'. pass. 2/i"f/«. 
 
 mend (repair, to arrange), tetemdya, pres. 
 tetendya, perf. atctendya, i. tetendi'k, pass. 
 
 ft^f'«CY. 
 
 I mend, w/gr, pres. )•/;■/(/, perf. arin'g, i. ririke, 
 
 1 jiass. ririka. 
 
 j merchant (tradesman), /.•«c?t'//o?H7,m. (c.)pl./;arfo- 
 
 merciful (compassionate), ko-tihvyli-lobHt, c.pl s. 
 
 merciful (pitiful person), kanyunyii'ronif, cjil. 
 kanyiinyifrok. 
 
 mercy, nyunyuret, f. 
 
 merit (deserving, worthy, big), karudya, i^res. 
 kiil.iiriidyn. perf. akariidya, i. larudye. 
 
 messenger (carrier), kaJd'ngaiiit,c.p].kajo')igak 
 (also yoJ:r). 
 
 H 
 
 pres. kekel-, perf. nAv/;, i. 
 suffering'', dure''t, n.pl. 
 perf. amijo, i. ?n?jV, 
 pres. 2//y/(/. perf. 
 
98 
 
 EXGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY, 
 
 messenger (porter), hrtju'cnit, c.pl. lajii ek. 
 messenger (biarcr, carrior\ la>/ 'lutnef, c.pl. 
 
 messenger (mule or female), !ui^ I'nyonil, c.pl. 
 l-ag<i')iijol:. 
 
 midday (ncoi\),faran, f. vide tuj'aran. 
 
 middle (in the midst), hkhn, f. 
 
 midnight (at), himje-lklcn. 
 
 midst (middle), hkien, f. 
 
 midvyife, tudonne. 
 
 might (power, strength), ringif, f.pl. rln'jUeu. 
 
 mighty (powerful person), Icabulonit, c.pl. 
 lalu'Jok. 
 
 migrate (remove, to go to another country), 
 yulin. pres. ymjuldn, perf. aynhin, i. yuke. 
 
 milk, It', f.t. v"de letat. 
 
 milk (to milk), diirje, pres. dudnrie, perf. 
 adu'rje, i. diirje, pass. duro. 
 
 milk (of cows), le'-ti-ki'tewi (Je'-fi-ki'jiik). 
 
 jnilk (drops of), lelut, f. 
 
 milk (sour). (,u-orai, n t. 
 
 milkmaid (milker , kadiVrSnit, c.pl. ladniok. 
 
 milk-pails (or cans), Jejin. 
 
 milt, nyanigi', f.pl. mjaivjiii'jin. 
 
 mind (heart, will), foicyli, m.pl. toicyhjtt. 
 
 mine, //;/. 
 
 mingle (to mi.\), mor, pres. momor, perf. aiHor, 
 i. more', pass. mora. 
 
 mirror (look, view, aspect ; life), metet, f.pl. 
 nu'Httji. 
 
 miser (niggard; meditative, pensive person), 
 iMhe'Uanit, c.pl. kabc'lak. 
 
 mislead (seduce), morju, pres. moniUrju, perf. 
 amorju, i. miirji, pass. more. 
 
 miss (to miss an opportunity, to let a thing 
 slip), dutol.in, pres. ditdntoJun, perf. adntokin, 
 i. dutiJli, pass, dnio.ci. 
 
 miss (the mark), j/a/.o, pres. yayako, perf. 
 ayako, i. yalcole, pass, yukiilo. 
 
 misty (it is foggy), lunfjij, pres. Jidurujo, perf. 
 a?(rrM'jo. 
 
 mix (to mingle), iHor, pres. momor, perf. amor, 
 i. 7norf; pass. mora. 
 
 mix (to mix together, to jumlde), tore 'kin, pres. 
 More kin, perf. atore''ki)i, i. torekih, pass, tore'ld 
 (^tore"a). 
 
 mixing (mixing together, jumble, chaos), toreet, 
 f.pl. tore"etji. 
 
 mock (abuse, revile), ?no;-, pres. momor, perf. 
 amor, i. ?((orf', pass. moro. 
 
 moderate (esi)ecially as regards depth ; not 
 very much), loniye"de, f. nan{ye''de, pl.s. 
 
 moisten (water), /o/.-, pres. fofok, perf. a/o/r, i. 
 ./o/r(^ pass. /o'A-rt. 
 
 moisten (to water), rjiju, pres. ruru'Ju, perf. 
 aruJH, i. rtijih, pass. r«(,i<. 
 
 money (glass beads), ngd'lijati, m.pl. m^alya. 
 
 monkey (ape), jo' muni, f.pl. jom««. 
 
 monkey (bread tree ; also a fruit), ?oh<//, m.pl. 
 
 /oiijfoY. 
 
 monkey, <»/^(?r (red monkey), telemi, pi. talama. 
 
 month (moon), yafa, l.pl. yefd'ln. 
 
 moon (month), tjafu, l.pl. yafa hi. 
 
 moonlight, fafarasak, n. 
 j more (better), li'a. 
 
 morning, tola mo. 
 
 morning (in the morning), koyure. Ex : di'ka 
 
 koynre = this morning. 
 I morning (star), dahor, 1. 
 
 J morning (wind), kohnngot-na-koyure (also 
 ! kagnmot na-koyxre). 
 
 mortal (deadly, poison), toiuet, c.pl. toiu'etji. 
 
 mortar (for pounding flour), kujukit, f.pl. 
 kujulii'len. 
 
 mosquito, kimnrte, fpl. kimitr. 
 
 moth, laloforat. 
 
 mother, ngote, f.pl. hi'-wjofe. 
 
 mother, yanggo, n.pl. koyang(,o. 
 
 mother animal, l.-udue', f.pl. kndue"ni (ku- 
 due'ki). 
 
 mother-in-law, m-i'ken, fpl. mo'kemja. 
 
 mother (of a family), ngofe-mede (iigole-na- 
 mede), pi. ko-ngote-midijik. 
 
 mother's brother (of.the mother, uncle), mand'- 
 nye, m.pl. mana nyejin. 
 
 mouldy (to get mouldy), huge', pres. biibuge' 
 {hiibhuge), perf. abuge', i. bugine'. 
 
 mount (to rise, swoop down as bii'ds), khonndya, 
 pres. kikiwundya, perf. akiwnndija, i. kiwundye'. 
 
 mountain, mere, m.pl. merya. 
 
 mounting (rising ; ladder, staircase), kt'et 
 {Jcfyet), f.pl. li'etji. 
 
 mourn (to bemoan), yuran, pres. yuyu'ran, perf. 
 ayu'ran, i. ijtVre. 
 
 mourn (to lament, to cry, to complain), wongon, 
 pres. icowongon, perf. aicongoii, i. woiigf'. 
 
 mourner (person crying), kagufe, c.pl. kagici'- 
 ejin. 
 
 mouse (rat), miji, m.pl. mijok. 
 
 mouse-hole, rurno-na-mijok, pi. ruruoki-ti- 
 mijok. 
 
 moustache, kufir-ti-kutuk. 
 
 mouth (jaw), kidul; (kotok), f.pl. kutusen. 
 
 move (be in motion, of water, to give more), 
 yd, pres. yayd, perf. ayd, i. yale, pass. yala. Ex: 
 yale'nan = give me more. " "- 
 
 move (stir), yayu, pres. yayd'yn, perf. ayd'yu, 
 i. yai (yale'). 
 
 much (full), Jore (Jore'), c.pl.s. 
 
 much (numerous), lodi'r {lodir), c.pl.s. 
 
 mud (clay, manure), lifo, f.pl. lifd'lon. 
 
 mug (jug), safe (safee'). 
 
 mule, kd'yne, n.pl. kd'yneki. 
 
 murder, tohVja, pres. tototuja, perf atotu'ja, 
 i. totitne, pass, td'tna (tutna). 
 
 murderer, kure'ivonit, c.pl. kare''mok. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 99 
 
 murderer (one who causes blood to be shed), 
 hahul.i'nif, c.pl. halukoA. 
 
 muscle (shell), lonijgwe, m.pl. longgwc'la. 
 
 music (drum), liin'. f.pl. loryo. 
 
 mute (dumb), nguhibe, c.pl. ngulube'li. 
 
 my, liwe (suffix) pi. 
 
 myself (I), nan-lofeng, c.pl. yl-lofe'm;at. 
 
 mysterious (secretive person), liacle'laint, c.pl. 
 l-adelah. 
 
 mystery (secret), Inonif, f.pl. lumCtyi. 
 
 N 
 
 nail (on the linger or tee; claw), 5«M"j7«e<, m.pl. 
 mxijiti. 
 
 nail (iron, bullet, iionstone), u-i'yute, f.pl. wiyu. 
 
 nail (to fasten, to drive in, to strike, to beat), 
 heL\ pies, hehel:, perf. ahel; i. hehr, pass. beho. 
 
 naked, bonjolle. 
 
 naked (undressed), lango, c.pl. langolf. 
 
 name, harC'n. Ex: harhi-l; tve = my name; 
 liarin-hmdh = your name. 
 
 name (to call), lunggu, pres. Inlunggu, perf. 
 alunggit, i. lunggi, pass. Imiggii. 
 
 name, give, pres. gwigwe, perf. agici, i. gwine 
 (gwije), pass. ^/iu/o. 
 
 name (to call), lung, pres. luluug, perf. alung, 
 i. lunrji, pass. Inngu. E.k : w/eZo lolifonit 
 lulungu Want = this boy is called Wani. 
 
 nape, tZo/, n.pl. c?q/b. 
 
 narrate (relate, chatter, prattle), ngo-ngogu, 
 pres. ngo-ngogii, perf d'ngo'ni,ogu, i. ngo'ngogi. 
 
 narration (stt'ry, tale), ^a'e<, f.pl. taetji. 
 vide <«. 
 
 narrator, latd'anit, c.pl. l:afd'ak. 
 
 nates, fungot, n.pl. fungiifo. 
 
 natives (people), mutulu. 
 
 navel, hafelet, pi. hofelejin. 
 
 near, dingo (also dklingo). 
 
 near (in the vicinity), nyd'na. 
 
 nearly (almost), AwZ/o (often strengthened by 
 «//«(/ = quite, entirely). 
 
 neck, mund, f pi. murutij. 
 
 necklace, fiiahe. 
 
 necklet (iron), lelloTd. 
 
 needle (iron), ngumi, m.pl. ngumi'ad. 
 
 needle, rifcti. 
 
 neglect (to slight), Id'undya, pres. lala'andya, 
 perf. aJd'iindya, i. Id'iindye, pass. /«'«. 
 
 neighbour, dinge. 
 
 neighbour (relative, relation), halcatyo, c.pl. 
 
 nephew (nif;ce, on the mother's side), ngorini, 
 c.pl. ngorinil.d. 
 
 nest (of a bird, bird-house), ladi-na-liccn, p). 
 kadi'Jih-tl-liwea. 
 
 net, f/ey'e, n.pl. ye'Jeki. 
 
 net, /i-ffb/, f.pl. kiibi'tan. 
 
 never, gege (also Iwong). 
 
 never, asiit. 
 
 new, lt(did;otyo, c.pl. lu'duLu. 
 
 new-moon, yafa-io'do (yafa-lo-wdo). 
 
 news (to biing news), tolu'un, j^res. totokaun, 
 perf. atoknun, i. to/, 7/, pass, tol.ue. 
 
 next door (to be), dingii, pre.-', did.'ngo, pert", 
 rtd'/ngfo. 
 
 niece (nephew, on the mother's side), ngorini, 
 c.pl. ngorini]. 0. 
 
 niggard (raiser, meditative), kabc'lanit, c.pl. 
 
 night (at night), kivaje, f.pl. kwujdin. 
 
 night (at nigh^, in or during the niglit"*, 
 tii'JiicaJe, adv. Ex : I have not slept during 
 the night = nan ako doto tii'kwaje. 
 
 Nile (river, stream), kare, m.pl. karya. 
 
 Nile lizard, manya, f.pl. mauyajin. 
 
 nine, bungnan (bimgu'an). 
 
 nineteen, fuSk-tcod-bungnan. 
 
 ninety, merya-bungnan. 
 
 nip (pinch), tomj, pres. totonj, perf. atomj, i. 
 ton(/e (Jonggik), pass, towja. 
 
 no (not), a/i (bain, ain) ; also aa. 
 
 no one (nobody), lele-an, nene-an, kulye-an, 
 kunye-an. 
 
 no one (nobody), nguiu-an. 
 
 no more, iewe. 
 
 nobody (no one), ngutn-an, c. ^ 
 
 nobody (no one), lele-an, nene-an, kulye-an, 
 kunye-an. 
 
 nod (to wink), kioeddya, pres. kwekweddya, 
 peif. akweddya, i. kweddi, j^ass. kivc'fa. 
 
 nodding (to be sleepy), ^(r, pres. ?«Z/(r, perf. 
 alur, i. ?((;•/. 
 
 noise (to make a rumbling, to crash), ringga, 
 pres. riringga, perf. aringra, i. ringge. 
 
 noon, Ze/?ey. 
 
 noon (at noon), iufaran. 
 
 noon (midday), faran, f. 
 
 north, Zo&ofZ, f. (ZjotZ)- 
 
 nose, Aifm^, m.pl. kume'jin (kumusikon). 
 
 nostril, kar^'re, f.pl. kare"retji. 
 
 not, a/c. 
 
 not, an. Ex : nan an ama do = not I but 
 you. 
 
 not, bain (aUo ain, nothing). 
 
 not (very much ; moderate, especially as regards 
 depth), lon'jye''de, f. nangye'de, pl.s. 
 
 not (not yet), aho'-ngn (also 71'aba). 
 
 nothing, ain (bain). 
 
 notice (hear), ying, pres. yiying, perf. aying, i. 
 ying"', pass, yinga. 
 
 notice (gape, to stare at), dir, pres. didir, perf. 
 ad'r (ddUlir), i. dire' (didire), pass. (Zi"ra 
 (tZ,'d«"ra\ 
 
 II 1 
 
100 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY, 
 
 notice (look at in astonishment, to be amazed), 
 diijci, pres. didirja, pcrf. adirja, i. dirjyi', pass. 
 di'ra. 
 
 nourish (feed, to bring up), ynddu, pres. 
 yuynddii, perf. ayuddu, i. yuddc', pass. yutu. 
 Ex: ngiiajil; Jd'didik ynyu'to l:o le ti mjoie = 
 little children are brought up on their mother's 
 milk. 
 
 nourish (provide with), tofot, pres. tofo/ot, perf. 
 itofot, i. tofute, pass, fofd'ta. 
 
 nourish (feed, to maintain), tofodya, pres. 
 totofodya. perf. afofodya, i. tofote, pass. tofoHa. 
 
 nourisher (feeder), hmdldmit, f.pl. ]:anol-o\-. 
 
 nourisher (supporter, maintainor), layutunit, 
 c.pl. hayutiil;. 
 
 now (at present), SMJia'na. 
 
 numerous (much), ?oc?/r. c.pl.s. 
 
 nurse (bring up), deha, pres. de'deha, perf. 
 ade'ha, i. c/e6e', pass. de\fa. 
 
 nuts, mum^ire. 
 
 oar (rudder), /o!/a, f.pl. /oya^ (layafjin). 
 
 obedience, ml-et, f. vide rwr/. 
 
 obedient, ho-rul;el. 
 
 obey (follow), /»j/, pres. ruriKj, perf. «)•»;/, i. 
 r(«/.v', pass. riVho. 
 
 obscure (dark), nui'due (rnudvie), cpi.s. 
 
 odious (hateful, hated), mamd'na, c.pl.s. 
 
 odoriferous (to s-mell fragrant), mon, iires. 
 momon, pcrf. anion, i. monc. 
 
 odour (smell, especially a bad one), md^et, f.pl. 
 md'etji. 
 
 of (to, from, b}', for, under ; also " from us "), 
 lM-ya mi {layang). 
 
 offend (curse, to slander), morjw, pres. momd'rjv, 
 I^erf. amorjn, i. morji. 
 
 offer (to present, to give something), /((fuJ.vfl, 
 pres, fufutuldn, perf. afutuldn, i.futulih, pass. 
 futulii. 
 
 offer (bring, dedicate), yel:al;in, pres. yeye'lca- 
 Idn, perf. aye'haldn, i. yelald, pass, yel.ald. vide 
 yeria. 
 
 offspring (shoot, sprout), holotio, c.pl. holojin. 
 
 often (very often, always), lujufi. 
 
 oil, welet. 
 
 ointment (salve, fat, cream, butter), iveJet, f.pl. 
 ivde'tji 
 
 olive-oil, icelet-na-lndungeri 
 olive-tree, Inlu^ngeri, ni.pl. lidurdng. 
 on that account (for this reason), lo-na. 
 once, ge'lere. 
 
 one, til (numeral). 
 
 one (a certain person ; another), Ide, m.pl. Indye, 
 L nene, f.pl. lamye. Ex: lele hot lele = one 
 i after the other ; lele ho lele = one with another 
 (one with the other). 
 
 one-eyed (with one eye), l-onge-geleng or lo- 
 Imi'je-geleng, c.pl.s. 
 
 one (who has forgotten something), hahongonit, 
 c.pl. l;ahonijdl:. 
 
 only (but), ama (stands only at the beginning 
 of the sentence). 
 
 onion (wild), haringila. 
 
 ooze, ^eja, pres. sesega, perf. asega, i. segd. 
 
 ooze away, ivereyo, pres. wewereyo, perf. 
 awereyo, i. icereyone. Ex : the water oozes 
 through the sand — fiom awereyo I'-liije. 
 
 open, luvega, pres. liwehwega, perf. al!ioe''ga, 
 i. Incegi, pass, hia'^lca. 
 
 open (opened), vif/a, c.pl.s. Ex : kotumit nga 
 (d'nga) = the door is open. 
 
 open, ii'j'd. pres. nga'ngd, perf. d'ngd, i. ngane', 
 pass. ?i;70 (ngaji). 
 
 opening (hole, aperture), tutzilet, f.pl. tutu'letji. 
 \ opening (door), hotumit (liotomit'), f.pl. /.ohi- 
 mitji {hotiimitdn). 
 
 opinion (to be of opinion, to think), yuho, pres. 
 I yuyubo. perf. ayu'-hii, i. yuhf, jDass. 2/"/o. 
 I opponent (enemy), mi'riku, m.pl. merol: 
 
 opposite (lying opposite), alomosi'l-an, c.pl.s. 
 
 or (perhaps, almost), hade. Ex : nd^n l:ode 
 do = 1 or tliou; Jiode'nan fofo = perhaps I will 
 come. 
 
 ; or not (if), lohode (instead of lode-hode). 
 i order (command), yiild'et, n.})]. yoJd'etji. 
 I order (arrangement), fetet, f.pl. 
 
 order (arrange), fef, \)xes,. fefet, perf. afet, i. 
 fete, pass. /e<rt. 
 
 order (command), ydldjd, pres. yoyoldjo, perf. 
 ayoldjli, i. yoldje, pass, yoldd. 
 
 order (command), i/o/.i, pres. yoyold, pert. 
 aydld, i. yif.dnf', pass, yuldd (ydlifo). 
 
 order (arrange, to assemble, to collect), iw«a- 
 Idndya, pres. tutunaldndya, perf. atunaldndya, 
 i. tunaldndye, pass. tiVnald. 
 
 orderly, ya-yale. 
 ' ornament, mi'gatat, f.pl. mi-nga. 
 
 orphan, Idldji, pi. Idldjiga. 
 
 osprey, l-unlok, m.p. Invilol-on. " -^ 
 
 ostrich, fij^o, f.pl. tufolon. 
 
 other side, <//.6'«, f.pl. tiloni. 
 
 our, /.«»(/. 
 
 our, lihang, f. nilang, pi. /.««(/. 
 
 out (out of doors), l.ango. Ex : wan a kango = 
 I am out of doors; ng-e ^«i« /.ongfo = he is going 
 out ; //i' lango = go outside. 
 j outside, kango. 
 
 I out of sorts (to be sad), diirju, pres. d^VdurJu, 
 perf. adurjn, i. f/*/;;//. vide f?i/ri(. 
 
EXdLISH-BARI VOCABULARY, 
 
 101 
 
 outrage (to iusiilt, to dislionour), Urn, pres. 
 lilim, perf. alim, i. liiii'', pass. Wmn. 
 
 oven (stove, hearth, firephice), mht, hph fiahtji. 
 
 over, /./, ahuve, /-/./. 
 
 over-curious (forward, ini]uisitive persou), 
 l.utUi^manit, e.pL latitCmal;. vid'^ titiniba. 
 
 overcome (to cuminer), teyd, pres. teteya, perf. 
 ateija, i. tei (tile), pass. ie'Va. 
 
 overflow, harandu. 
 
 overflow (to deluge), midu, pres. mumulu, 
 perf. umulii, i. midline, pass. muJua. 
 
 overturn (to make fall), tudd'ro, pres. totodd'ro, 
 perf. atodd'ro, i. todoron''. 
 
 overturn (to tumble, to f-ll, to sink), (7oro, 
 press, dodd^ro, perf. add'ro, i. dorom'. Speaking 
 of the sun and moon, ro undergoes reduplication 
 = holoii (yafa) ado'i-oro = the sun (tlie moon) 
 has set. 
 
 owl, yord't, l.pl. yord'tjin. 
 
 owl (horn-owl), ungidi, m pi. ungiilyet. 
 
 own (confess), till:, pres. tutul;, perf. a<H.V, i. 
 <?f'('', pass. tulo. • 
 
 ox, fZ«otZ, l.pl. duonin. 
 
 packer, l-uyii' nanit, c.pl. l;ayuiutl:. 
 
 packet (bunch, bundle), toret, f.pl. tdWetji. 
 
 pails (for milk), /ejm. 
 
 pain, mimin. 
 
 pain, m/ei, f.pl. mi'teji. 
 
 pain (suffering, melancholy), dnre't, n.pl. 
 dure'tji. vide (?Mri4. 
 
 pain (trouble, sorrow), yuret, n.pl. yiVretji. 
 vide yuran. 
 
 pain (suffering), myene, f. vide myen. 
 
 pain (to have pain, to be ill), wi?/ew, pres. 
 mimyen, perf. amijen, i. min,'/ {nnjene). 
 
 pain (in the throat or neck),™ «rH<-?)?/m?/eH. Ex: 
 ■itiitrut nio mimyen = I have a pain in the neck. 
 
 pains (trouble, fatigue), dant, n.pl. daretji. 
 
 pair (two), myre'l; (mure'le). 
 
 pairs (or couples), mure'l!-l;o-murch. 
 
 palate (jaws), (Za/jo, n.pl. dalolo. 
 
 palm (dolth), lyati, f.pl. /,?/«<. 
 
 palm (of the hand), dafnnit. 
 
 palm (leaf string), /«<«. 
 
 pan (coking), sa/e, pi. safeya. 
 
 pane (of gla^s), tald-na-meme, pi. taJiuJin-ti- 
 meme. 
 
 pane (of glass; target), t/so, l.i^l. hisolon. 
 
 paralysis (cramp), loiutun, m. (also lenga). 
 
 parcels (in parcels, in bundles), alite, adv. 
 
 parents (father and mother), monye-lco-ngote. 
 
 parish (village), ladi'Jih, n. 
 
 park (rind, peel), cjwaTcet, n.pl. ijwalcetji. 
 
 parrot, hiUnrj. 
 
 parrot, lolie'ii, m.pl. l.olie. 
 
 part, tiife', f.pl. tufe'jin. 
 
 partridge, lorimun. 
 
 pass (away ; to be lost), UhiiJrd, pres. lililddro, 
 perf. alihidro, i. lihidru. 
 
 pass by (to avoid, to make a circuit), lenggu, 
 pres. Jelenggu, perf. alenggu, i. lenggi. 
 
 pass by (somebody), lunyaldn, pres. lald'nya 
 Inn, perf. cdanyalcin, i. lanyain, pass. Utnyald. 
 
 paste (dough ; water and flour), murin. 
 
 pasturage (field, plain), Lafati, f.pl. /irt'/a. 
 
 pasture (plant, herbs, grass), t7e(t, n.t. 
 
 patch (to stitch together), Aota, pres. hd'koba, 
 perf. ahd'ha, i. /ro?;j', pass. /.o/h. 
 
 path, /■(■/.o, pi. Iciholin. 
 
 path (broad road, especially for animals), 
 luri"t, m.pl. lurCten. 
 
 patience, ngongga, f. 
 
 paunch (belly),'/e?e, f.pl. felela. 
 
 paw (claw, hoof), mlulual; l.pl. suhihualcan. 
 
 pay, rnrroba. 
 
 pay (count), lundya, pres. hdundya, perf. 
 aluiidya, i. Inndye', pass, lunya. 
 
 payment ( wages, reward), ro/ef, f.pl. rofetji. 
 
 peace, fd'rana. 
 
 peaceable (humble, submissive), ma/t, c.pl. 
 md'lial (malyat) 
 
 peace-maker (mediator), kalicd'kanit, c.pl. 
 /.•«/.(r«'7.7(/i-. 
 
 peace-maker (mediator), lami'ranit, c.pl. 
 /lamd 'ra.'.'. 
 
 peasant, halitrun'd, c.pl. lalurulc. 
 
 pebble (hailstone), tiiruJdi, m.pl. td'rol:. 
 
 peck (to bite), ^o.V, pres. /o^o.',-, perf. atol\ i. 
 (oAr, pass. <o/.o. E.K : itiitnn atok nan — the 
 suake has bitten me. 
 
 peculiar (proper ; alone), kade (kade). 
 
 peel (park, rind), gwakef, n.pl. gwdlietji. 
 
 pelican, urhanga, f.pl. urhd'ngajin. 
 
 pen (liurdle, stable), goro. l.pl. gorojin. 
 
 pen (fold, stable), J.UiC, f.pl. hdjC'nu. 
 
 penetrate (to go inside). lafU, pres. Iiilufo, perf. 
 alufU, i. lu/dnf. 
 
 pensive (meditative person), kahe'lanit, c.pl. 
 /io6f''/rt/.-. 
 
 pent-house (shelter), ^a/rf, n. 
 
 people, ngutii. 
 
 perceive (to know, to di.scern),_ gwalu, pres. 
 gu-d'gicidu, perf. agini'hi, i. gictditne, pass. 
 */((•«"/««. 
 
 ' percolate (to filter), lija, pres. li'UJa, perf. 
 ali'Ja. i. /</''' pass. /(.''a. 
 
 perforate (to pierce), nii', pres. >«/mj', perf. ami, 
 i. mi7<% pass, mi'la. 
 
 perfume, modi. 
 
 perhaps, kode. Ex : kode nan fofo = perhaps 
 I will come. 
 
102 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 person (awake, the guarJ, walchmau), /,(('.- 
 u- 'liatiit, c.pl. ],aliK''liaI.-. 
 
 person (crying, mourner), l-agn-i'e. c.pl. l.ag- 
 irf^ejin. 
 
 perspiration (sweat), ngi-nniret, f.pl. ngi-ngi"- 
 rctji. 
 
 phlegm, rett^, f.pl. rc'tetji. 
 
 physician, hunit, c.pl. hii'nuh. 
 
 pick (gnaw), ghhlya, in\s. and perf. regular, 
 i. giddy ^, pass. gCHa. 
 
 pick (fruits, Howers), de, pres. dede, perf. adc, 
 i. dene, pass, deya (d/\t). 
 
 pick (to pluck a bird), rondu, pres. rorondu, 
 perf. arondu, i. rondih, pass, ronyo (rd^ngo)- 
 
 pick (to gather), dejya, pres. dedejya, perf. 
 adejya, i. deji {den"'), pass. Jej/a (rf''''a). 
 
 pick, de"nn, pres. dpcle'^un, perf. ade'^un, i. cZf"i«, 
 pass. de'\ie. 
 
 pick (to pluck, to fetch, to go and bring), 
 dolnim, pres. dodoJ:um, perf. adoJcuni, i. do/.w, 
 pass, do' hue. 
 
 pick off (to break, to break off), gwalal; i^res. 
 gicagicdlaJi, perf. agwalak, i. gwalalce', pass. 
 
 pick up (to colL'ct, to gather), licoddu, prts. 
 livolacoddu,, perf. altooddu, i. Iwiiddi (Jcicb- 
 licuddi), pass. In-oto. 
 
 pick up, lacodd, pres. ]:icd\icodd, perf. alwodd, 
 i. hifoddi, pass. Juvbto. 
 
 piece (part), ^»/(;•', f.pl. tufe'jin. 
 
 pierce, m/yrt, pres. mimi'ya, perf. amfya, i. 
 wh'(/('', pass. wH7a. 
 
 pierce (spear, to spur), so/m, pres. sosb'Jn, perf. 
 asb'Ju, i. sqy't', pass. sz<'e. vide so. 
 
 pierce (perforate), mt', pres. mimt', perf. omu', i. 
 m/7'; pass, mi'la. 
 
 pierce (bore), ^r, pres. ./i/ir, perf. «/?r, i. ./?rc', 
 pass. ^ra. 
 
 pierce (bore), fw, pres. fufw, perf. o^m, i. ^H7e', 
 pass. fwVo. 
 
 pig, w'//, pi. tfriyd. 
 
 pigeon, (7Mre, n.pl. gureki. 
 
 pigeon, lol-l'ofc, pi. lo\ofeyu. 
 
 pigmy (dwarf), hengge, c.pl. l:eug je'le. 
 
 pillow, til;et ; (of wood) u-iiri. 
 
 pimples (scab, itch), hefot. 
 
 pincers (tongs, especially fire tongs), Icivara 
 (huara), m.pl. Iwd'rali. 
 
 pinch (nip), tong, pres. totong, perf. atonj, i. 
 toiig' (to'Kjgi h), pass, tonga. 
 
 pipe (tobacco), rfo/.-. 
 
 pipe (water in bowl), horrogo. 
 
 pitch tree, lugiveti, ui pi. lugicat. 
 
 pitcher (pot, jug), .««/', l.pl. sa/;/a (sd'fia). 
 
 pity (to feel pity, with weej^iug eyes), lonyen- 
 icon, pres. Ivnyen-icoioou (icoivon-lonyen). peif. 
 Ivnyen-awoji, i. u-onc-honyen. 
 
 place (room), tagicd'det, f.pl. tagicd\lefji. 
 
 place (country, region), /'/('V, f.pl._/7'n'7ei(. 
 
 place (to lay, to put), togirf'-dihin, pres. /o/o- 
 givVdildn, perf. atogid'dH.in, i. togiiHdiJ.ih. 
 
 place (to put), tosida, jires. /o/o-si" f?a, perf. 
 perf. atosida, i. tosidanv, pass, tosidaln. vide 
 sjrfa. 
 
 place (to put, to lay), tofirihin, pres. toiofCrihin, 
 perf. atofi'rihin, i. tofirih' h, pass, tofirild. vide 
 }zrt'7. 
 
 plain (field, pasturage), l;af(iti, f.]il. /.•«"/«. 
 
 plants (herbs, grass, pasture), tZeh', n.t. 
 
 play (like children) 6«'r?/o, pres. hihlryo, perf. 
 ahiryb, i. hiriyone. 
 
 play (on the flute, a whistle), lut-ld liha. 
 
 plentiful, ^ore, pres. ./ojore, perf. q/ore, i.Jorene'. 
 
 plot (of grass, turf), giinirn, l.pl. ;/t«< rwa. 
 
 plough (to cultivate), ]:urjti, pres. liil-urju, 
 perf. aJnirJii, i. /i//r;'i', pa«s. /.■*;)•« (Jnfru). 
 
 plough (small, shovel), /.o/'u, f.pl. hbfuot. 
 
 pluck (a bird, to pick), rendu, piX'S. rorondu, 
 l^erf. arondu, i. rondih, pass. ro?f?/o (rd'njo). 
 
 pluck (pick, to fetch, to go and bring), dolaim, 
 pres. dodohm, perf. adokum, i f7o/.j<, pass, dolme. 
 
 plume (feather, ornament), mf-ngatat, f.pl. 
 
 plunder (to rob), fesun, pres. fefe'sun, perf. 
 afe'sitn, i.femi, pass. /e''si(e. 
 
 plunder (rob), ryagn, pres. ryaryagu, perf. 
 aryagu, i. ryagih, pass, ryaka. 
 
 point (dTop), fifidit, {.\)\.jifiditon. 
 
 point (top, suriniiit),_i^?ya, i.^\.filydla (fi'yalan). 
 
 point (sharpen), (/of, pres. gogot, perf. rtgrof, i. 
 (j(ofc', pass, gro/to. 
 
 poison, tcirih, m.pl.. icin'et. Ex : if you 
 take poison you will die = Zo do wio/'m wmh do 
 toton. 
 
 poison (deadly, mortal), toiuet, c.pl. totuetji. 
 
 poison, s/^m. pres. susum. jjcrf. asum, i. SHme, 
 pass. siVma. 
 
 poisoner, lusumanif, c.pl. kammali. 
 
 pole, fee, m.pl. fe;wi. 
 
 polished (smootli), tojro, c.pl.s. 
 
 polished (sharp), o/mo, c.pl.s. 
 
 pond-water, fiom-ti-jar. 
 
 pond, ,/or, f.pl. ./ora. 
 
 poor (impoverished), ZojHen', c.pl. lomeri'ha. 
 
 porch, didet. 
 
 porcupine, yayasho, pi. yaya. 
 
 porridge, fungo. 
 
 porter (messenger), kajiVanit, c.pl. hajti'el:. 
 
 possess, tolien, pres. totd'Uen, perf. atd'lien, i. 
 fo.'/e /;;''. 
 
 possession, /,«/«, f.pl. lafaki. 
 
 possession (property), tuktvoryen, f. vide 
 lirorinit. 
 
 possessions (belonging), tolien, f.pl. toUenji. 
 Ex: my father is rich, he has large possessions 
 = haha ha tolien jore. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 103 
 
 post (stake j. la hi'!, f.pl. l;aleto. 
 
 pot (pitcher, jug), safe, l.pl. safya {safia). 
 
 pot (cooking), tnU, m.pl. tuUa (tulya). 
 
 pot (vessel), lufunit, m.pl. lufunilM. 
 
 pot (earthern vessel), tadol.-, f.pl. tadolui 
 (especial!}' for the prepaiatioii of the yaua 
 '' nierissa "). 
 
 pouch (for the tobacco), hoso, m.pl. hosoyCn. 
 
 pour (to spill), hul; pres. huhali, pert', ahul;, 
 i. ?*it/i:"; pass, huhii. 
 
 pour, diWUl-en, pres. di'liJi'liken, perf. udlli- 
 lihen, i. diUliln, pass. dlUlikl (especially water 
 on the hill Is). 
 
 pour (to pour in, to put iu\ tarja, pres. tiitnrjii, 
 perf. aturja, i. ^^r/:^', pass. /?rra. 
 
 pour into (to ladle), yiJahin, pres. yiyflakiii, 
 perf ayflalin, i. yilali, pass, yihihi. 
 
 power (strength), 6»fo'//ti/, ii.pl. haluyetji. 
 
 power (might, strength), riH;//<. f.pl. rinrj'ten. 
 
 power (strength), i[^m/o<, u.pl. hulijtji. 
 
 powerful (great, celebratnl), dicina, c.pl. 
 tc'inejih. 
 
 powerful (strong, courageous), hanrjd, c.pl. 
 luingajin. 
 
 powerful (mighty person), lalniluait, c.\A 
 Lalni'lu':. 
 
 powerful (to be strong), ringito, pres. riringilo, 
 perf. ariiuj'to, i. ringitonih. 
 
 powerful (to be able), hulo, pres. huhidii, perf. 
 abil'Io, i. hidSiie. 
 
 praise (blessing), ratet, f.pl. rd'tefji. 
 
 praise (fame), gofet, l.pl. gotttji. 
 
 praise (to glorify), godya, pres. gododya, perf. 
 agodya, i. j/ode, pass. </o' to. Ex : godi'ta Ngun = 
 praise God. 
 
 praise (to honour, to respect), licadd, pres. 
 kwitlncadd, perf. akwadd, i. Livadh' (more often 
 licase), pass, l.n-asa. 
 
 pray (worship), wandu, pres. icaicandu, perf. 
 awandii, i. wandi'h. 
 
 pray (to beseech), moyu, pres. md'^noyii, perf. 
 arnd'yu, i. moJe'(moyii,i)ass, md'lo. Ex: moyi'ta 
 Ngun = beseech God. 
 
 pray (bag, to entreat), md, pres. mono, perf. 
 <(/<((), i. iHo/t', pais, md'lo. 
 
 prayer, tcanet, f.pl. wcCnefji. Ex : evening 
 prayers = ivanet-na-hfliotyang. 
 prayer (intercession, request, entreaty), ih(*/<7, 
 
 f.pl. mdhtji. 
 precede (go before), tumji'vot. vide /*( and 
 
 pregnant (to be with child), ridya, pres. 
 riridya, perf. oridyn, pass. ridyiDiih. 
 pregnant, gwuto, pres. gwogicoto, perf. (tgicofo, i. 
 
 pregnant (to become pregnant, to conceive), 
 ^;/rt, pres. fifiga, perf. ofi'go, i. /iV/c'. (The form 
 fix is seldom used.) 
 
 pregnant (up to three months), Idhira. 
 
 pregnant woman, haridyri, f.pl. laridyalc. 
 
 prepare (to arrange), tete'n, pres. teten, perf. 
 afetcn, i. tetene, pass. tetc"iia. 
 
 prepare (to arrange), yVr/y'*, in-ea. fc/edya, perf. 
 (ifedya, i.feddih. 
 
 prepare (a hearth — out of stone), dihha, pres. 
 didibbii, perf. adibha, i. dibbe, pass. (/«"/((. 
 
 present (a gift), ^iwei, f.pl. tinetjl. 
 
 present (a gift), dd'lca, n. also rfo/ie^ n.pl. 
 dd'kefji. 
 
 present (to offer, to give something) futtiliii, 
 pres. fufutuMn, perf. afu'tuJdn, i. futukih, pass. 
 futuki. 
 
 present (to make a present of), dog, pres. dodog, 
 perf. adug, i. doggi, pass, rfd'/.' f. 
 
 present (to present with), dogga, pres. dodogga, 
 perf. ado'jgri, i. doggi, pass, dd'ka. 
 
 press (throng, to crowd), mustik, pres. mumusuk, 
 perf amu suk, i. mnnik", pass, mumka. 
 
 press (to squeeze out), //oro^ pres. yoyd'rot, 
 perf. ayd'rot, i. yorote, pasi. y i'roio. 
 
 press' (to crowd, fall on something), mMJH, 
 pres. mumuju, perf. amujn, i. muyV, pass. 
 micyu. 
 
 press (to drive), </s?t», pres. tftisun, peif. 
 ati'sun, i. h'si?, pas5. tisut. 
 
 press (to press down), rHJ/f/, pre?, runing, porf. 
 urung, i. runge, pass, runga. 
 
 pretend (to pretend to "be dead), tononga, pres. 
 totononga, jierf. atononga, i. tonongili. 
 
 prick (to torment), so', pres. soso, perf. «so', i. 
 soMP, pass, si/'e. 
 
 prick (punture), .sd'ef, l.pl. sd'etji. 
 
 prick (sting), sjfef, n.pl. sucfji. 
 
 priest, bunit-Io-Ngun, pi. biVn'd;-ti-Ng!tn. 
 
 priest (bearer of sacrifices), l-iiye];ane't-Jo' 
 robangga, pi. kityekak-tl-robangga. 
 
 prince (princess, chief), matat, c pi. kimd'k. 
 
 principal, Id'kokwe, f. «a kokwe, pi. tikokioe. 
 
 private, alndn, adv. vide ?//t//i. 
 
 privately (secret), Zho«, adv. 
 
 probable (seeming), a/.o', adv. Ex : itge 
 dodd'to akd = he pretends to be asleep. 
 
 proceed (stealthily, to steal upon, to surprise), 
 domuiidya, pres. dodomimdya, perf. adominidya, 
 
 i. domundye. 
 
 procreator (genitor. Creator, sculptor), kog- 
 
 weiciiif, m.]>\. l;(i(jwcak. 
 
 prodigality (devastation, desolation, profusion, 
 
 waste), hdrrt, f.pl. korffji. vide kor. 
 produce (to beget, to create, to build, to form, 
 
 to make), gweja, pres. gwa'gweja, pert, aga-e'ja, 
 
 i. gweje, pass. gwe\i. 
 profusion (devastation, desolation, prodigality), 
 
 kih-rt, f pi. kdri'tji vide kor. 
 prohibit (forbid), J ((/it, pres. Jm/w, perf. ajuju 
 
 i. Jujune, pass, jujua. 
 
104 
 
 liNGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 promise (marriage, to betrotli), ih''j\ihin, pres. 
 (J('<lc"/akin, perf. udc'^nlin, i. dcjaJ.e, pass. 
 defd'Jii, 
 
 proper (peculiar), hade {hade). 
 
 property (possessiou), tiiJavurym, f. vide 
 lic(iiinit. 
 
 prostitute, wit tie. 
 
 prostitution, dingget. n.pl. dCnggefji. 
 
 protect (to slu'lter), (/r(/, pres. f/xf/"/, perf. ugaf, 
 i. (jafe, pass. gtVfa. 
 
 protect (to guard, to shepherd), yiigu, pres. 
 yuijugii, perf. ayugu, i. yugc, pass. ynlm. 
 
 protect (defend), gd, j res. gxgd, perf. agd, i. 
 gajf. pass. gaya. 
 
 protect (to take care), tiju, pres. titiju. perf. 
 aiiju, tiji'h (tuiih), pass. tiyu. Vx: tijii-mitgun 
 (fi,'uberik) = to be on one's guard (to take care). 
 
 protect (to take under the win^r), ]:iirah, pres. 
 laJiarcd), perf. (iharcd), i. l.arn/e, pnss. Jicird'/a. 
 
 proud (to be vaiu), dudnnggu, pres. dudungga, 
 perf. adiidimgga. i. dndungge. 
 
 proud (haughty person), lahulanit, c.pl. 
 Jiahulicdi. 
 
 proud (rely upon something), huga, pres. 
 iiflnfga, (hubhu"g((), yfi'L alni'ga, i. huge. 
 
 provide (provide for, with, to maintain), 
 vowd'Ja, pres. icoicojn, perf. mvd'Ja, i. woivojCh 
 {n-oii-onr ), pass, ipci'ica. 
 
 provide (to provide with, to nourish), tofot, 
 pies, fotofuf, perf atofot, i. tofote, pass, tofd'ta. 
 
 provoke (to make angry), tounr, pres. totoicor, 
 perf. atoicor, i. towore, pass, towd'ra. 
 
 pry (spy), latogoWanU, c.pl. Imtogo'ral;. vide 
 togorja. 
 
 prying (to be inquisitive), tltimha, pres. fitimba, 
 perf. atitimha, i. titimh/. 
 
 public, (iliulivon, adv., also lulnjon, adv. 
 
 publish (to make known), tidnViho. vide 
 /. «6Vo. 
 
 publish (to make known everywhere), tohulin, 
 pres. totolivoii, perf. atolcnon, i. toluone, jiass. 
 
 puerpera, Jsorijo, f.pl. koriloyi. 
 
 puff adder, hongorol-lo. 
 
 pull (ox), (?t(6(/, l.pl. duoniii. 
 
 pull (draw, to lead), _/;A-, jires. .?;./7/.s perf. «_/?/.■, i. 
 _^/.( ', pass. /i/.o. 
 
 pull (stretch, make straiglit), JvVt, pns. W;<7«, 
 perf. a/?7*, i. r/«f', pa>s. r/o. 
 
 pull out (draw out), fJ.nn, pres. jifilnm, perf. 
 (ifil;un. \. filiu, Tpasa. jikut. xlde Jil: 
 
 pull out, sa, pres. s^fsa, ptrf. a.s«, i. Sfnie', pass. 
 *«. Ex: »Kr?i saSG fZo ];ele'= I am pulling out 
 one of your teeth. 
 
 pull out, saju, pres. sasd'Ju, perf. asd]iii, i. }J'(/V', 
 jiass. s«. 
 
 pull (to draw, to drag), lul; pres. hdiji-, perf. 
 «Zm/i;, i. luM, pass. /«/.•'(. 
 
 pass. 
 
 vide 
 
 pull along (to lead, to draw, (o diag, especially 
 cattle), ./'//.■, i^res. Jijik, perf. ajil.; i. Jilw', pats. 
 
 irio. 
 
 pull down,(knock down — trans.), </(*■, pres. tutiir, 
 perf. ((tm; i. <"r(', pass. tiiHi. 
 
 pull out (tear out), ga-imyun, pres. gicugicuyun, 
 perf. (igurunijun, i. gicunyu, pass, (iiu'nyue. 
 
 pull out (pull off, tear off, extricate), gondya, 
 pies, gogondya, \n rf. agondya, i. fjfonc; pass. 
 
 pumpkin (gourd), /.o'7(', f.pl. l.Ud(\t. 
 punch (to thiash, to knock down), /o7.-, pres. 
 \jojol;,\}Qit ajo!:, [. Jo]a\ pass.. /(/'/.«. Ex: i?o/o< 
 ajd'ha = the dura is thrashed. 
 puncture, sd'et (so'et), l.pl. sd'etji. 
 punish (admonish, accuse, exhort), ring, ijres. 
 ' riring, perf. aring, i. ringc, pass, riiiga. 
 
 pupil, ladi'iKinit, c.y>]. I.adi'nak. vide dinihi. 
 ' pupil (scholar, follower), laitulmiit, c.pl. 
 ' larii'ldl:. 
 
 ' purchase (buy), giidrun, pres. gn-iigicvrun, perf. 
 agiciJrun, i.gudiii, puss, guoriie. 
 purchase (for someone), gicoriikin, pros. 
 <ltvdroli>i, perl', agudrolcin, i. gimrdki, 
 g wort) hi. 
 pure (clear, bright), /o'7.e, f «d7i7=, pi s. 
 pure (holy, white), Idlive, f. nu'kn-e, pl.s. 
 ! purifier, katoke'lanit, m.pl. katoke'htl;. 
 htlan. 
 purify (clean), /o/. pres. /"/o<, perf. o/of, i.fote, 
 pass. /()7o. 
 
 purity (cleanliness), toleht, f.pl. tokeUefji. 
 i purity (cleanliness, chastity), /.eZt-f. 
 pus (matter), !(/6t, f. 
 
 push (throw away), dd'hura. pres. dudukara, 
 j)erf. adukara, i. dukavu. pats, dukd'ji. vide 
 
 put (place), tosiWa, pres. tvtosi'da, perf. 
 (itosi'da, i. tosidane, pass, tosidaki. vide sicZff. 
 put (lay, place something), tofi'rikin, pres. 
 \tot(ifirikin, perf. utafi rikin, i. tofirilih, pass. 
 ' tofiriki. 
 
 I put (place, to lay), /o^.tt'i' <?//*, pres. totogwfdikin, 
 j peif. atogici dikin, i. togwidikili. 
 ! put in, sukin, pres. susakin, peif. osuldn, i. 
 s((/.T, pass. s»A'<. 
 
 put in (pour in), tnrja, pres. ^v///j;/a^^perf. 
 atuija, i. turje, pass, tifra. 
 
 \ put in order (to arrange), icw, pres. tidun, 
 perf. fl<((«, i. ^w?u'' pass, /jf/ia (also '"to colltct"). 
 put on (to lay on), gafakin, pres. gagafdldn, 
 perf. agafd'kin. i. gnfaki, pass, gafdld. 
 
 put on (t specially dressj, rn$nkin, j^res. ruru- 
 snkin, perf. arusnlin, i. rusukih, pass, rusnki. 
 putrify (rot — as fruit, wood, meat), huiou, pres. 
 ludiu'rdii, perf. otw roo, i. fcitm 
 putrid, momon. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 105 
 
 quarrel (fall out, dispute, fight), mora, pres. 
 inomoro, perf. amoru, i. moroni. 
 
 quarrel (wrangle, destroy, rob, plunder), ryagu, 
 pres. ryaryagu, perf. aryagn, i. ryagih, pass. 
 ryaka. 
 
 queen bee, matat-na-si'ua. 
 
 quiet (still), ta-ling, c.pl.s. Ex : give td-ling = 
 be quiet. 
 
 quiet (to be still), liU'ja, pres. lili'Ja, pres. 
 (dilija, i. lilije. 
 
 quiet (to be still), gioolong-taling. 
 
 quiet (to appease, to calm), tolili'Ja, pres. 
 totolilija, perf. atolilija, i. tolilije, pass, toli'lia. 
 Ex : the child was quieted by the mother = 
 nguro atoli'lia Ico ngote. 
 
 quieten (calm, appease), toyng, pres. tofoyng, 
 perf. atoyng. i. toynge, pass, toynga (toy'nga). 
 
 quill, lumdtet, m.pl. hiiudtetji. 
 
 quite (all, each), //y/j/, c.pl.s. 
 
 quiver (case), gwolo, n.pl. gwolyot. 
 
 quiver, gioolo-na-loyn, pi. gicolyot-ti-loya. 
 
 rafter (beam), rihoni, f.pl. 977,o«. 
 
 rain, /.wc^it, m.f. 
 
 rain, jaive (jave), f. 
 
 rain, to, Jon, pres. jo',on, perf. o/o«, i. ./ont. 
 
 rain (slightly, to drop, to trickle), UK may pres. 
 lilt'ma, perf. alili'ma, i. lilimani. 
 
 rain-maker, hunit-lo-luclu, pi. bii'nuk-ti-kudu. 
 
 rainbow, (/oVr'j/or/J.pl. giirigdrye; also only jyori. 
 
 raining-season (the beginning of the), Idt-er 
 {hisf-r), f. 
 
 raise (bold, lift), def, i^res. dedef, perf. acZt/, 
 i. c?e/e', pass, dc'fa. 
 
 raise (elevate, make b'g), fodurjll, pres. totodurjij, 
 peif. atodurjo, i. todurt, jiass. toduro. 
 
 raise (raise, to lift), fioA-, prts. dodol; perf. rtcZo/i-, 
 1. c?o/;e', pass, do ho. 
 
 raise (to hold, to lift, to bear, to carry hither, 
 to tioat along on the water), dulum, pres. 
 du'dukum, perf. adulcuni, i. dulii, pass, duhue 
 (dukwe). 
 
 raise (to set upright, to awake), iij^i', pres. nyt'- 
 71,1', perf. d'li'ji, i. nf/irii' pass, njyxi. 
 
 ram, monig-lcobityo, pi. mdnylcen-lcohylii. 
 
 ram, to (beat down, batter), nt, pies, mrw, 
 perf. flrw, i. rwcZc', pass, ntrfa. 
 
 ram into, hegu, prts. hc'begu, perf. ahr\ju, 
 i. Jyej/e, pass, te/.o. 
 
 ramble, «■(»/«. vide " to walk, to wander." 
 
 rampart, gorom, n.pl. goroma. 
 
 rape, titilun. 
 
 rat (mouse), m///, m.iil. mijok. 
 
 raven (crow), koriV;, m.pl. korul;(m. 
 
 raw (unripe), lo'don, f. nd'don, pi. li'dok, f.pl.. 
 Tja'rfoA'. 
 
 ray of sun (beam of sun), svd'rd, n.pl. suuraki. 
 
 razor, balume; also lelenget. 
 
 reach (arrive, arrive from somewhere), yenggit, 
 pres. yeyenggn, perf. ayengga, i. yenj(,i. 
 
 ready (finished, ripe), yonge, c.pl.s. 
 
 ready, to be (especially cooking, to finish), 
 toyowje, jires. totoyonge, perf. atoyon ;e, i. totjongene, 
 pass, toyonge. 
 
 really, «(r« (d'tri). 
 
 reap (to cut), «;/er, pres. nge-nger, perf. a-nger, 
 i. ngere, pass, nge'ra. 
 
 reap (to cut), ngerja, pres. nge-ngerju, perF. 
 a-ngerja, i. njerji, pass. ngim. Ex : lokinga yi 
 nje-ngerja ferok-mure'k = this year we shall reap 
 twice. 
 
 reaper (harvester), kd'ngeranit, c.pl. kd'njeruk. 
 vide ?j;/er. 
 
 reason (cause), /iU'e, f.pl. kujfk. 
 
 reckoning (account, enumeration), Ae?ie<, f.pl. 
 ki'netji. vide 7ie«. 
 
 reconcile (make peace, to be united again), 
 mora, pres. mo mora, perf. amu'ru, i. morani 
 {morari). vide mor. 
 
 recover (to), bid'ju, pres. bibid^ju, perf. abid'Jit, 
 i. ttVf/i', pass. /ji'« (biya). vide ti'Vf. 
 
 rectum (intestine), ii.oitoiii, m.pl. me'nyet. of. 
 
 red (reddish), Z'>'tor, f. ndHor, pl.s. 
 red ant, mikile, m.pl. miAt. 
 red glass beads, kand'reti, f.pl. kd'nare. 
 redeemer (saviour), kuluUkUnit, m.pl. kaluokok. 
 redemption (freedom, deliverance), luoki't, f. 
 reed (for tobacco-pipe), tfribi, m.pl. tin bat. 
 reedbuck, otwri. 
 
 reeds (bull-rushes, bushes), /«'tZMn;/j. 
 reedy grass, lottolle. 
 
 reflect (to think, remember, trust), yeye'Ju, 
 pres. yeye'JK, perf. ayeyc'jti, i. yeyeji, pass. 
 
 reflect upon (to long for, to be greedy), 6(-; 
 pres. ^cZw'', perf. ok-; i. teZe', pass, fee'^w. 
 
 refuse, «//ten. 
 
 regard (esteem, respect, honour), kwaset, f. 
 vide kivadd. 
 
 region (place, country), ^r«f, f.pl. fin'ten. 
 
 region (country), didi'ngit, n.pl. didi'ngitm. 
 
 register (to enter, to write down), imfrokiv, 
 pres. louwiirokin, perf. awu'rukin, i. wurol.fh, 
 pass, ivu'roki. 
 
 rejoice (to make glad), tidiong, pres. tutuliong, 
 perf. (didionj, i. tidiuiigC h, pass, tuliungo. 
 
 rejoice (to' be glad), liongiin, pres. Uoli'ongon, 
 perf. (di'uni,on, i. liongt. 
 
106 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 relate (narrate, chatter, prattle), n^.d-nijlijit, 
 incij. iKiiJ-njojtt, pert, (t-n ,o-mijO(ju, i. imO-ni,oji. 
 relation (relative), hahitUjo, c.\A. lalat. 
 relation (by marriage), latii, pi. lutiijin. 
 relative (aunt), asonol; Qwasonoh), n.pl. asonol.-a 
 
 release (deliver, free), yol-o, pros, yd'yolo, perf. 
 <iy<)l;o, i. yolonc, pass, yulnie. 
 
 relish (taste), u-awj, pres. u-awniuj, perf. aivaivi, 
 i. icamji'h, pass, ivanja. 
 
 remain (staj'), yeng, pres. yfyeiuj, perf. uyenj, 
 i. yenijc. 
 
 remain (to leave beLind), fitnn, pres. ffitiin, 
 perf. afituu, \. fitii, Y>i\ss. fitue. 
 
 remain (to live Avith somebody), (ju-iiinj(ji,Y>TCs. 
 <iwi'iinilinii(ji, perf. aijicilinrjiji, i. ijtcilinijui. vide 
 
 remain (stay, will come to pass), gicc, pres. 
 (jiceiiioe, perf. (cjiv^', i. f/it'e. cf. gwon. 
 
 remain (to be), gioon, pres. gicogicon, perf.' 
 (tgicon (often also gwon, i. </it"e'). 
 
 remaining, fitiino, c.pl.s. 
 
 remedy (medicine), if/jii', m.pl. u-hiiliO. 
 
 remember (to trust, to think, to rL-tiect), yeyeju, 
 pros, yfyc'^ju, perf. ayeye'^JK, i. yeyeji, pass. 2/«'2/'^. 
 
 remember (something, to think of), foye'yn, 
 pres. fotoy''yi!, perf. atoye'yu, i. toyeyCh, pass. 
 toyc'yo. 
 
 remission (loosening, indulgence), Zo7,f<, f.pl. 
 
 remote (far, far away), /((Jyo, adv. 
 
 remove (mig.ate, to go to another country), 
 yuhiii, pres. yuyulrin, perf. ayulin, i. yw/.e. 
 
 render (a tearer), ];al:en'nyanit, c.pl. haherenyalc. 
 
 renounce (resign, to deny, to answer iu tlie 
 Uigative), renya, jires. rere'uya, perf. aremja, 
 i. reiiyanih, pass, remja. 
 
 rent (tear, chink, furrow, limit, boundary, 
 column), rz'/ef. 
 
 repair (mend, to arrange), ietendya, pres. 
 tetendya, perf. atetendya, i. tettndi h, pass. 
 
 repeat the dose (to give more), /it/, pres. fnfut, 
 perf. a/wf, i.fute, pass./w'^f. 
 
 repent (ask for pardon), twru, pres. huhfru, 
 perf. uhuru, i. hiirune. 
 
 repentance, huhuret, n.pl. huhuretji. vide ?yi(?'H. 
 
 repentance, hunVet, d. vide Z);(ri«. 
 
 repentance, fc»?7'f, n.pl. htiretji. 
 
 reply (answer), rulce'et, f.pl. ruheetji. vide 
 rM;,o. 
 
 repose (rest; breath, blow), ynl;an, pre^. j?/'- 
 ynlan, perf. aytfhan, i. j/Jt/.e'. 
 
 repose (rest). i/?iAe<, n.pl. yulcetji. 
 
 repose (rest, consolation, calming), toyulet. f.jil. 
 toyiVhetji. 
 
 repose (to make rest), toyulmn, pres. totoyiVhun 
 perf. utoyuhan, i. toyuhe, pass, toyul-a. 
 
 request (intercession, entreaty, prayer), moJet, 
 f.pl. m'i'letji. 
 
 rescue (free, to deliver), ?«67.-, pres. luUludl;, 
 perf. iduol;, i. Inula', pass. litiJlo. 
 
 resign (renounce, deny, answer in the negative), 
 renya, i)res. rere'nya. perf. are'nya, i. renyanih, 
 jiais. renya. 
 
 respect (honour, regard, esteem), hiraset, f. 
 vide l(L\(dd. 
 
 respect (to honour, to praise), laaadd, pres. 
 hirala-add, pert". (i1:wadd, 1. licaddi (more often 
 lucas:''). pass. Tncdsa. 
 
 rest (repose), yulet, n.pl. yu'!:eiji. 
 
 rest (repose ; consolation, calming), toyulet, f.pl. 
 toyn'ket^i. 
 
 rest (repose, breath), yul:an, pres. yuyulmn, 
 perf. o?/« /.oji, 1. ?/?(7.('. 
 
 rest (to make rest, to repose), toytlhan, pres. 
 tutoyii hail, perf. atu'yulxin, i. toyule, pass. 
 
 restitution, nylilit. f.pl. nyijuitji. vide nyoko- 
 lin. 
 
 restore (to restore something), nyoAoldn, pres. 
 nySnyol-ol-in, perf. anyiiluhin, i. nyohciki, pass. 
 ;///(■>■ A'(VA-/. 
 
 restore (to supply, to complete), l;we'nial;in, 
 pres. ]iWe]:we"nialiii, perf. aluce'nidkin, i. hiveni- 
 ul;i, pass. Ince'niald. 
 
 resurrection, «;/»e<, f. vide njien. 
 
 return, yite"et, n. vide yf tne. 
 
 return (to turn about), /o/»/.-, pres. loloful;, perf. 
 (dijfuh, i. lofulie, pass. Jofuho. 
 
 return (turn back), ?///o, pres, yiyifo, perf. «2/''o, 
 i. yiiUne'. vide yilye. 
 
 return (come again), ?//f,'/e, pres. yiyitye, perf. 
 ayitye, i. yityene. 
 
 return (something: restore), nyolcoMn, pres. 
 nyomjolMldn, perf. anyiilwldn, 1. nyolwld, pass. 
 »/.//o7.'o,Vi. 
 
 revenge (to take vengeance, to return a blow), 
 rofaldn, pres. rorqfaldn, perf. ar6\ful;in, i. rqfaJdh, 
 liass. rqfaJd. 
 
 revile (abuse, mock), jj.or, pres. momor, perf. 
 an or, i. more, pass. moro. 
 
 reviler (scoffer, abuser), Icamaranganit, c.pl. 
 l\amarun,al:. vide h araiiggii. 
 
 reward (wages, payments), ro/ei, f.pl. rof-etji. 
 
 reward, to, rot, pres. rorob, perf, rtroT;, i. rob//t, 
 pass. roAf. 
 
 reward (recompense), roZ;«, pres, roroha, perf. 
 ard'ha, i. ro?//, pass. rofa. 
 
 rewarder (donor), l;ar6\fanit, c.pl. harofali. 
 vide rt/?>. 
 
 rhinoceros (unicorn). )//(?//, m.pl. muyjiin. 
 
 rib (side), me"rete. m,pl. jf/ora. vide am&ete. 
 
 rice (wild), hahijite, m.pl Indii'ji. 
 
 rich (free), Z/<o<, c.pl. 7« ;/. 
 
 rich, hicorinit, c.pl. liriirinikd. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY, 
 
 107 
 
 ride, lihindija. 
 
 right (verj- good), hira, c.pl.s. (sometimes used 
 also as an adjective). 
 
 right {good, just), ahusan (ahu sin), c.pl.s. vide 
 h%igan. 
 
 right (to tlie, on the), ahitdten. vide Juiaten. 
 
 right (to make), toburd, pres. totobiiru, perf. 
 ato'mrd, i. iohurane, pass, toburd. 
 
 right hand, lata ten, ra. vide ahitd ten. 
 
 rightly (due), /an'A-. 
 
 rind (bavk), hd'onjcjotl, f.pl. haonjgo. 
 
 rind (park, peel), (jimlcet, n.pl. (jicdJcetJi. 
 
 ring (to toll), yw, pres. ,/'(/mj perf. o/?<, i. jule, 
 pass. ,/»< /o. 
 
 ring (thick or broad iron), /a;/((, f.pl. jagajin. 
 
 ring, tungoti, pi. tungot. 
 
 riot, tufe (tutufe). 
 
 ripe (ready, finished), yonje, c.pl.s. 
 
 ripen (fruit), ioran, pres. toturan, perf. atoWan , 
 i. /ore. 
 
 rise (to get up), tetenuliCn-megun-l;!, i. fe/e- 
 naJn'n-megun-li. vide <efen. 
 
 rise (especiall}^ of the suu), nyerun, pres. 
 nijenyeran, perf anye'run, i. nyent. 
 
 rise (also of moon, to sprout), icilun, pres. 
 'witcihm, perf. aioi'lun, i. lo////. vide bilun. 
 
 rise (get up), njfen, pres. njrngi'en, perf. 
 a-ngi'en, i. njine. 
 
 rise (to mount, swoop down as birds), Iciwimdya, 
 pres. Iriliiwundyn, perf. ahiwundya, i. liwiindye. 
 
 rising (mounting, ladder, staircase), A-r'e/, f.pl. 
 /.■t"ef./^■. 
 
 risk danger (run risk, to be undaunted), ^r/^/o, 
 iviwiyo, perf. awi'yo, i. iviyeni'h. 
 
 river, ?;ar, l.pl. fcara. Ex : ^nr babdrandu = 
 the river is in flood. 
 
 river (stream, the Nile), Aare, m.pl. larya. 
 
 river bed (channel), kare-ld'gida, m. Id'guhi. 
 
 river- water, fiom-ti-kare. 
 
 rivulet (brook), gdlotot, l.pl. (inlujin. 
 
 road (street, in the plural cross-roads), ;/or, l.pl. 
 j/oron. 
 
 road (broad path, especially for animals), luri't, 
 m.pl. Jurften. 
 
 roan antelope, horre (horre). 
 
 roar (thunder), diknn, pres. d<VZt' /nm, perf. 
 adflmn, i. f?//.«. 
 
 roar (bellow), rumon, pros, rurnmon, perf. 
 or;/ jno/i, i. riimonCh. 
 
 roaring (rushing, the storm), )(i6,o, f. 
 
 roast (to cook),/e2/!i. vide " to bukt!." 
 
 roast, /.'e, pres. Ae/.e', p' rf. a/.t-', i. kcli', pass. /.v'/o. 
 
 rob (plunder, destroy), ryajn, pres. ryary igu, 
 perf. aryag>i, i. ryagih, i)ass. ??/ (/.«. 
 
 rob (plunder, to gain), fesun, pres. fefe'siin, 
 perf. ajV'sini, i.fesii, pass. /(''sue. 
 
 robber, hirid'kanit, c.pl. Aflr/fl /.•«/.-. vide 
 
 robbery (theft), kokolei, i.\A. l;olni'ldji. vide 
 /.■()"/.o(/a. 
 robbery (destruction, desolation), rydket, f.pl. 
 
 robe of honour, bongo-nct-maiat. 
 
 rock (swing, shake), rf((/,-, i^rcs. diidul-, perf. 
 adu\\ i. cZm/.'-', pass. duka. 
 
 rock (swing), oo'/«, pres. oo'/a, perf. nod'Ja, 
 i. oq///j, pass. o"o((. Ex : ng^iw a i'oa = the child 
 was rocked. 
 
 rock (stone), Me, f.pl. lelya (also Indium, 
 ngiirufit). 
 
 rod (club, stick), htre, m.pl. iifrui (turyn). 
 
 roof (shelter), lode!;, m.pl. lodeka. 
 
 roof supports, kedite, m.pl. kedyat. 
 
 room (place), tagivfdet, f.pl. tagico'detji, 
 
 room (house), /.rtcit', n.pl. kadfjik. 
 
 room, small (chamber), kadi-nd'det, pi. 
 Ao d C'jik-n d Widik. 
 
 room (school or teaching) kadl-na-todCnet, pi. 
 kadrjik-ti-todCuet. vide todi'net. 
 
 root, kokori'ie, f.pl. kokori. 
 
 rope, /«<«. 
 
 rope (picketing), m'kene. 
 
 rope (a cord), neke'net, f.pl. nekc'netji. 
 
 rot (to putrefy), buron, pres. bubiVron, perf. 
 (dniriin, i. ?;;(?•/. 
 
 rotate (turn round), n-/cZ, pres. wiidd, perf. 
 moid, i. tt)/<f'', pass. wi'tO. 
 
 round (around), alongga {alonggd). 
 
 round, hi'lulur, pi. U'turulak, f. nd'tulur, f.pl. 
 na'iitritZaA. 
 
 rouse (awaken, wake), /o")ir,?ej?, pres. toti'njien, 
 perf. atd'ngien, i. totd'ngine. 
 
 row, kambu, pres. kukambu, perf. (il:aiuhii, 
 i. kainbi, pass. kama. 
 
 row about, kd'mura, pres. kaku'mam, perf. 
 akuiiiara, i. kumard, pass, kamaji. 
 
 rower, kakamanit, m.pl. hikd'utak, vide ]:amb'i. 
 
 rub, /»n. vide "' to scratch, to itch.'" 
 
 rub (pass soFlly over, to strike).- /"?/w, pres. 
 fnfuyit, pert". afiVyn, i. fiiyvne. pas;-. /«?/«(( 
 (fufuyna). 
 
 "rub off (shave off), icoryH, pres. icoworju, perf. 
 aworjii, i. worjfh, pass, wd'ro. vide Tcor. 
 
 rudder (oar), /«»/.(, f pi. /'!!/«< (lay itjin). 
 
 ruin (a ruin), iiniruo, f.pl. ni'iruoL-i. 
 
 ruin (to go to), karan, pres laid' ran, perf. 
 al-d'rmi, i. karane. 
 
 ruin (to go to, to sink), bukiiji, pres. bidmkoji. 
 perf. alii'LoJi, i. bukojinc. vide ^i(A. 
 
 ruins (to fall in)j ^(3:,o, pres. tutnr'u, perf. 
 (tturjl), i. tnrjc. 
 
 run (course, haste), rumet, f. vide ro.Ji. 
 
 run (move ; of water). ya.'/H. 
 
 run (to leak, to bubble, to drizzle, to drop, 
 especially of tears), «-o;i, pres. u-oiron. perf. aifOi, 
 i. «•(*«;■'. vide konyenvon. 
 
108 
 
 EX(^LISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 run away (run on, to get away, to go otf), 
 dioiuji, pros. diidaiui'Ji. perf. odanuji, i. dnnnjine. 
 
 run away (to escape, to hide oueself), (?«?«(, pres. 
 dadiimi, pcrf. udana, i. danane. 
 
 run away (fly, to flee), icdJ;on, pres. «otc67.o«, 
 l>erf. (iir<">l:on, i. wijj.ilt. 
 
 run down (hunt down), tudaraju, pres. (m/({- 
 dar(ij)(,i)evi. atndd'rajn, i. (Hd(nv(He, pass, tuddra. 
 vide dar((. 
 
 rupture (hernia), suZo, l.pl. sulojin (also tulotot). 
 
 rush (storm, bluster), wii^o, pres. wwr/o, perf. 
 
 rush down (headloug, of water), lele'run, pres. 
 lele'run, perf. alele'ruii, i. leleru. Ex : ^om 
 leWrun = the water is rushing down. 
 
 rushing (roaring, storm), hh(/o, f. 
 
 sack (big bag), htfeniigo, f.pl. iMfentiijoat. 
 
 sacrifice (gift), y'^^>ei, n.pl. tje'keiji. vide 
 yeliidiin. 
 
 sacrifice (gift), rohumjija, m.pl. rohanggajin. 
 
 sacrifice-bearer (priest), /.((?/£' 7i07ie(-Zo-ro6«nr/(/o, 
 pi. ];ayehali-ti-robiingga. 
 
 sad, Id'yur, f. nd'yut, pl.s. 
 
 sad, to be, domo, pres. dodd'mo, perf. add\no, 
 i. domoni. 
 
 sad, to be (to be depressed), fZf^r*;, pres. 
 dudura, perf. adu'rn, i. durum. 
 
 sad, to be (to be out of sorts), durju, pres. 
 dudurju, perf. adu''rjn, i. dnrji. vide rf»r«. 
 
 sad (sad person, sufferer), ladu'runit, c.pl. 
 vide rf)(n(. 
 
 sail (sail-cloth), honii(jo-na-ldho, pi. honqijudt-ti- 
 libo. 
 
 salt, hulang (ahVug), n.pl. (dd'nijin. 
 
 salutation, datotto. 
 
 salutation (welcome, greeting), romei, f.pl. 
 
 salute (to greet), roman, pres. roroman, perf. 
 aru'man, i. rome, pass, rd'nwe. 
 
 salute (to greet), ngom, pres. ngo-oigom, perf. 
 a-ngom, i. ngom^ (ivjome), pass, n'jd'ma. vide 
 roman. 
 
 salve (ointment, fat, cream, butter), we'let 
 (wele't), f.pl. iveleHji. 
 
 same, the (that there), ni'dn {milu, ni'yhi), 
 f. ni'enu (ntinuiiiymi^, pi. si'7ii (/.rtZw), f.pl. st"nM 
 (lunn) = t'cZem, eadem, idem ijjse. 
 
 sanctifier (purifier), lafol.e'lanit, m.pl. 
 hatol:e"lal;. vide Icelan. 
 
 sand (grain of), Inrjeti. 
 
 sand, liijottit, f.pl. A?yo {huja). vide Jmjeyi. 
 
 sandal, lamola. 
 
 sandstorm, l.djumot. 
 
 Satan, Ju'el\ m.pl. Juelon. 
 
 satiate (satisfied, enough), yCmono {yiyCmono), 
 c.pl.s. 
 
 satiate (satisfied), /era, c.pl.s. 
 
 satiate (to saturate), iote'ra, pres. totote'ra, 
 perf. titotf'ra, i. toterane. vide fera. 
 
 satiate (indulge), toyi'mond, pres. totoyCmono, 
 perf. atoyC'moiio, i. toyimonv, pass, yimond. 
 
 satisfied (satiate, enough), yimdno (yiyi'mono), 
 c.pl.s. 
 
 satisfied (satiate), <era, c.pl.s. 
 
 satisfy (to suffice, to be enough), jo, pres. Jojo, 
 perf. o/o', i.jonc'. 
 
 Saviour (Redeemer), Kalndldnit, m.pl. 
 KidndldJ:. vide Luol;. 
 
 saw (instrument for cutting), dunget, n.pl. 
 
 saw(cut), dtingt,d, pres. dndnniigd, perf. adung{,d, 
 i. diinggc, pass, dnngo. vide dung. 
 
 say (talk, to converse), jamhn, pres. ja'jumhv, 
 perf. ajamhii, i. jamhi, pass._/a'?fta. D. Jam. 
 
 say (to talk), fa, pres. <ai«', perf. aZa, i. Zajie, 
 pass, faj/a. 
 
 scab (itch, pimples), &e/o<, f. 
 
 scar (cicatrice), moriko, f.pl. morilcolo. 
 
 scarcely (almost, not yet), oliu'-7igu. 
 
 scarf (scarf for (he throat), honggo-nd'-murut, 
 1)1. bonggdtti-murut. 
 
 scatter (disperse), totd're, pres. totdWe, perf. 
 atotd're, i. Morene, pass, totoreya. 
 
 scent (to smell), mo/a, pres. md'moja, perf. 
 (imd'jii, i. mojr, pass. md'a. 
 
 scholar (learned man), kade'nanit, c.pl. kadenah. 
 vide cZen. 
 
 scholar (follower, pupil), kurukdnit, c.pl. 
 hiriikdk. vide r»f/. 
 
 school (teaching-room), htdi-na-todi'net, pi. 
 kadi\jik-ti-todi'net. vide todi'net. 
 
 school (instruction), todinet, f.pl. todinetji. 
 
 scoffer (reviler, abuser), kamard'nganit, c.pl. 
 kamurd'ngak. vide maranggii. 
 
 scorch (to burn), tonok, pres. tofonok, perf. 
 atonok, i. tonoke, pass, tvnd'ka. vide nokan. 
 
 scorn (contempt, disdain), marang(;et, f.pl. 
 i»aa-a'«;/gfef//. 
 
 scorn (to despise), maranggii, pres. mamaranggu, 
 perf. amaranggii, i. maranggi, pass, marangfh 
 
 scourge (lash, beat), Zjii, pres. hibi't, perf. 
 ahCt, i. tite', pas.s. Z*t"Zo. cf. Z)Mf. 
 
 scrap (small piece, crumb), nasit, f.pl. na'- 
 s</i7i. 
 
 scrape (to scrape off, to curry, to tan), 
 wor, pres. woicor, perf. awor, i. wore, pass, 
 ifo' Vo. 
 
 scratch, j/er, pres. !/e(/er, perf. oyer, i. f/ej-e', 
 pass, ge'ra. ' 
 
 scratch (to draw, to write), iOJir, pres. iviiwur, 
 perf. a(c»r (au'r), i. tn/re', pass, u-u'rd {urd). 
 
ENC4LISR-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 -109 
 
 scratch, roy.t, pres. rii'roija, perf. ard'nya, i. ro'i, 
 ]uiss. rodd. Ex: nan roija m.U'iiin = l am 
 scratcliiunc myself. 
 
 scratch (rub, to itch), furi, pres. fufiiri, perf. 
 (t/iiri, i. fur inc. Ex : horikot fnfuri — the skin 
 itches. 
 
 scratch oneself (to touch lightly), jea, pres. 
 jejen, perf. aje'a, [. jeani. 
 
 screw (drill), ninet, f.pl. ni'netji. 
 
 screw (bore, drill), nin, pres. ninin, perf. (;n//i, 
 i. ?i/«."', pass, ni'n'i. 
 
 scrotum (hernia), lii-Udnt, m.pl. tiihVtiitjin. 
 
 sculptor (creator), l-a<iice(mif, m.pl. h.uiweul;. 
 vide <jweja. 
 
 sea, /or (fSrr), f.pl. town, (salt sea) tor-nn- 
 l>:dan<j, pi. tordn-ti-halun<j. 
 
 searcher (seeker, explorer), hado'lanit, c.pl. 
 ludd'ldl;. vide doi/o. 
 
 season of rains (beginning of), /.iser (Jns'fr'), f. 
 
 seated (to be seated, to lie down, to take to one's 
 hed).jirilu, pres. fifC'rihi, perf. (tfi'rihi, i.firihinc. 
 
 secret, ahiim, adv. vide Z»o;i. 
 
 secret (privately), //w'h, adv. 
 
 secret (mystery), luOni't, f.pl. luoniHJi. 
 
 secretive (mysterious person), laidehtnit, c.pl. 
 ladf'hik. vide cZe. 
 
 seduce (mislead), morju, pres. momorju, perf. 
 nmorju, i. morji, pass. more, vide mor. 
 
 seducer (tempter, warrior, combatant), 
 hamoronit, m.pl. htmdiok. 
 
 seduction (temptation), dmnet, u.pl. du'metjl. 
 vide dnmhn. 
 
 see (to look, to view), /i:!«:ZJ, pres. lukndi, perf. 
 iihudi, i. Inidie, pass. Intdi'lo. 
 
 see (to live), meddya, pres. me'meddya, perf. 
 <im"ddyy<t, \. meddi (medi), pass. jm'7((. 
 
 see (to look, to live), me/, pres. memet, perf. 
 (tmet, i. mete, pass. mc-/a. 
 
 see (to behold), meZe, pres. meme'le, perf. ame'Ie, 
 i. meleni'. pass. metn. vide Wie. 
 
 seed, weya, f.t. (also niomot). vide w;p/((. 
 
 seek (to look for), Joj/a, pres. diVdoya, perf. 
 ado'' yd, i. cZot {dole), pai^s. fZeZ«. vide do'. 
 
 seek (to lo!)k for), do, pres. dodo', perf. «do', 
 i. doe (also dole'), pass, dii'lu. 
 
 seeker (searcher, explorer), hidii'lonit, c.pl. 
 had'i'hd:. vide doya. 
 
 seeming (probable), o7r«, adv. Ex: n'jedodd'to 
 Ilia = he pretends to be asleep. 
 
 seize (to snatch), nyukimik, pres. iiyinuju'kwak, 
 p3rf. anyiVkwak, i. nyukwake, pass, nyukwaka. 
 
 seize (to catch), mo/f, pres. momok, perf. amok, 
 i. moke, pass. wioA'o (md'kari). D. mnok (jmik). 
 Ex: 2/f"'o (im'ilm i' di7j = the hippo]Dotamus 
 lins been caught in the pit. 
 
 seize (to take away, to go away, to go off), 
 (intrans.), iiddyn. jares. nii'ddya, perf. cnVddya, 
 i. uddye', pass. ?(Jo ("2/w). 
 
 seize (to catch, to take prisoner), tojonij, pres. 
 totojonj, perf. iitojonu, i. tojomje', pass, tojowja. 
 
 seize (to catch, to find \ biniyeMn, pres. 
 })idni nyekia, perf. ahunyekln, i. hiniyeki, pass. 
 
 select (elect, choose), undnn (tdun), pres. 
 uviiru'lnn, pref. awHim {anlun), i. iuw^t (fdw), 
 pass, u-uliie (lilue). 
 
 select (to choose), nyinnho. pres. nynnyumho. 
 perf. anymnho. i. nyunihc', pass. nyiVmo. 
 
 select (to choose), idundyo, pres. nulundyd, 
 perf. luilnndyo, i. nhindye', pass, m Z*'e. vide 
 
 self (willingly), lofenj, c.p'. lofe-mvjut. 
 
 selfish (covetous), A-oA-o"t/". pres. kokd'yu, perf. 
 akokii'yu, i. koko'i. 
 
 selfish person, kakokii'lonit, c.pl. kakokd'lok. 
 vide kokd'yu. 
 
 sell (trade), d6;,;M, pres. dodtiju, perf. adoju, 
 i. doyi", p iss. do//o. 
 
 sell, ijicorori, pres. ijwo jworori, perf. aijicdrori, 
 i. fjivdrori, pas.-<. ijwdrdrlkin. Ex : s/jte' /t7o 
 agicdrori'kin = those are sold. 
 
 send away (drive away), do?i;/, pres. dodowj, 
 perf. iidomj. i. donje', pass, donye. 
 
 send here, sumindye, pres. susunundye, perf. 
 asiiniindye, i. snuyii. pass, gu'niie. 
 
 send here {snnyiin), pves. susunynn, perf. 
 asiinyiin, i. sitnyu, pass, sunym. 
 
 send (something to a person), sunyukin, pres. 
 smunynkin, perf. amnyukin, i. smiynke', pass. 
 sunyuki. vide so«. 
 
 send (despatch), sow, pres. sosoh, perf. aeon, 
 i. sonye, jJa.'iS. sonya. 
 
 sentence (judgment), sorei, n.pl. saretji. 
 
 sentinel (hodde), katiyunif. 
 
 servant (maid-servant), dnfyet, c.pl. d(t/j. 
 
 servant (maid), nijuro-dufyet, f.pl. njuajik- 
 dnfi. 
 
 serve (to be worthy, to inlierit). rudya (ruddyit), 
 pres. riiruddya. perf. arudyii, i. riidye'. 
 
 serve (to wait upon some one), tod nf yen, pres. 
 totodufyen, jjerf. atodufyen, i. todufyene', pass, 
 fodw/y/eno. 
 
 set light (to make burn), fodt'ta, pres. totodebu, 
 perf. iitode'hu, i. tode'fe, pass, todefu. Plx : 
 the tire is alight = khvimi (ifod'fa. vide deZxr. 
 
 sesame, kdnyiCmi, m.pl. Idnyiim. 
 
 sesame (roasted and tlien giated), kdimdl, n.t. 
 
 set in order (arrange, to prepare), /ed^/o, pres. 
 fefedya, peif. afe'dya, i.feddih. 
 
 set on fire (to burn), j/^rr. pres. ynyur, perf. 
 «!/;()•, i. ?//n-e, pass, yu'ra. Ex: jion ayur kadi 
 = I set fire to the house. 
 
 set upright (raise, awake\ «_'/)', pres. nji'-niji, 
 perf. a-U'ii', i. uijini, pass. n;,?/;/. 
 
 seven, hi'vyok, hurijd. 
 
 seventeen, fnUk-wod-hxryok. 
 
110 
 
 EN(iLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 seventy, meriji i-bii njol: 
 
 shackle, hirc'kantt (hirerchmit), m.pl. 
 h(rck,ik Ihinn'l-ak). 
 
 shadow, tilimSt, f.pl. tillniijlji. 
 
 shadow (only of men and animals), kudu duo, 
 f.pl. kudnduolon. 
 
 shake, hiin, pros. hSbon, perf. (thon, i. ho)i', 
 pass, buiio. 
 
 shake (tos.«, to quake, tremble), ivingr, 
 pres. loiwC'mje, perf. aicinrje, i. winqe, p;is^. 
 icinrjo. 
 
 shake (to rock, to swing), dnk, pres. dnduk, 
 perf. i(dul\ i. didcc, pass, dit'ka. 
 
 shake (to jolt), dodomj, pres. dodonj, perf. 
 adodong, i. dodonje, pass, dodomja. 
 
 shake (to tremble), biindu, pres. bohondii, perf. 
 ubondu, i. bonde, pass. ?)o/ifl. 
 
 shake (to tremble), »«(««, pres. »'/?ia, perf. 
 (imtnd, i. nijiiane, pas^'. nd'wi. 
 
 shaking (earthquake), (jringrimj, n. 
 
 share (to divide), /lOr, pres. kokor, perf. o/iy>j-, 
 i. /.•o)v', pass, kci'ra. 
 
 sharp (poiisheil), q/uo, c.pl.s. videju. 
 
 sharp (with an edge), In'/i, f. hu'/?, pl.s. 
 
 sharpen (point), <jot, pres. ;/o;,of, perf. agof, 
 i. i;of(', pass. ;;o/i«. 
 
 sharpen (to grind; a spear or an arrow}, ju, 
 inva.jnjii, perf. ((Jii, \. juje, pass. Ji/o. 
 
 shave (to shear), barCndu, pres. bnbari'ndu, 
 perf. abari'ndu, i. barindi, pass, birimi. 
 
 shave (to shuve oft", to rub off;, loorju, pres. 
 uoworju, perf. aworju, i. warjih, pass, loj'ro. 
 "vide iPor. 
 
 she (he), n7e, c.pl. se (s(7o, 7i;»Zo). 
 
 she (he) alone, nge-ijeleng, c.pl. se-kade. 
 
 she (he) herself, wje-lofemj, c.pl. se-lofe-n^ot. 
 
 shear (shave), buri'ndu, pres. bubari'ndu, perf. 
 ahdri'ndti, i. barindi, pass, burinii. 
 
 sheep, lobijtyo {kobitijo), f.pl. kobylu. 
 
 sheep manure, liliati, f.pl. ?27uf^ 
 
 sheep-skin, (_;ober-na-kine, f. (juberok-ti-kine. 
 
 shell (husk, skin), fuditr, f.pl. /k(? j. 
 
 shell, lonij[,we, m.pl. lon(j(,we'la . 
 
 shell (snail house), kadi-na-lunijgio, pi. kadC- 
 jik-ti-lun[iioJoii. vide lnnij(,uo. 
 
 shelter (roof), lodek, m.pl. lodeka. 
 
 shelter (pent-house), ;/«/«, n. 
 
 shelter, to (to protect), ;/«/, pres. iftguf, perf. 
 a;/('/, i. (/«/''', pass. ;;«'/«. 
 
 shepherd, hiyu'kunit, c.pl. kayukuk. vide 
 
 shepherd (guard), katfynnit, c.pl. kati'yuk. 
 vide ii/jf. 
 
 shepherd, to (to guard, to protect), ?/'((,;(, pres. 
 yuyiiiiU, pref. ayii'gu, i. j/m;,(', pass, yifku. 
 
 shield, kuntjoru, f. kt(n',oiut. 
 
 shield, fc«/iM, n.pl. buki o. 
 
 shin-bone (If g), kico'roko, m.pl. kworokd'lo. 
 
 shine (to light), /<(;•«*■((/,-, pres. fnfarasak, perf. 
 afaritsak, pass, fimisake. 
 
 shine (ligliten), miJyantjijii, pres. mimihjanjiju, 
 perf. (imilianggu, i. milyanjij'. 
 
 shining (y;olden), lo'sulyeni, f. nd'sidyenij, pl.s. 
 
 shining (biight), milyan'j, cjiLs. 
 
 ship, /li/^o, f.pl. kibojin. 
 
 shoe, kamnket, m.pl. kamnka. 
 
 shoot (sprout, offspring), bohoiio, c.pl. bokojCn. 
 
 shoot (sprout, to germinate), /«/.•, pres. fufak, 
 perf. ((/;(/.-, i. /wAt'. 
 
 shoot (lo hit, to be struck by lightning), /t', 
 pires. /e/c', perf. o/c', i./e»('', pass./t''<(. 
 
 shoot (to ttrike by lightning), /eyVf, pres. 
 ftife'ja, perf. afe'ja, i. fegidi. vide/e. 
 
 shoot (with arrows), n/or, pres. w;o-ngor, perf. 
 a-ngor, i. ngore, p)ass. ngo'ro. Ex: ?i(r/i (»/«" 
 ?jf,or /aoen = I am going to shoot birds. 
 
 shoot dead (to meet, to befall), kek, pre s. 
 kekek, perf. a/i-eA;, i. kegi, pass. /v-c'/c((. 
 
 shop, gweret. 
 
 short, lo'ngittut, f. nangntut, pl.s. 
 
 shorten (to diminish), iy'«f/((<«f, pres./o< i'n;utut, 
 perf. ato''njutut, i. td'ngutute, pass, to'n juto. 
 
 shoulder-bone, ;/eZe, l.pl. ;;e7?/ff. 
 
 shoulders, kotofu-ti-kidjit. 
 
 shovel (small plough), l:ofn, f.pl. kofuot. 
 
 shower, lilima. 
 
 shut (to blo;k up), </i(7r, pres. titik, perf. atitik, 
 i. titike, pass, titiko. 
 
 shut (to cover), muio, pres. mifmui,d, perf. 
 amii'io, i. muS, pass, mu ko. 
 
 sick (ill), «f/J7e. 
 
 sick (ill), kamye, c.pl. kamyaji. 
 
 sick (to be sick, to vomit), ja, pres. y((/«, perf. 
 rtjV(, i. jane. 
 
 sick (to make sick, to vomit), (!*/«, pres. tuM'ja, 
 perf. atu'ju. vide j«. 
 
 side (rib), ine'rete, m.pl. mara. vide ame'rete. 
 
 side (loins, hips), ?om, m.pl. Zo)i?rt. D. Zo)n. 
 
 side (on the side, sideway), ame'rete. Ex : 
 ame'rete nio = on my side. 
 
 sideways (on the side), aiw/'rete. Es : 
 ame'rete nio = on my side. 
 
 sift (to sift), se<, pres. fecei, perf. aset, i. sefe. 
 
 sigh (breath), yuket, l.p. j/m 'A-e^//. 
 
 sigh (to groan), dua, pres. dudua, perf. ac^Hrt, 
 i. duane'. *^ 
 
 sight, in-, akomosi'kan, c.pl.s. vide komong. 
 
 sign (mark, token), kweyet, f.pl. kwe''yetji. 
 vide kweja. 
 
 silent (to be silent), yinga, pres. yiyinga, perf. 
 ayinga, i. yingani. vide ?//?i;/. 
 
 similar (similar, like, as), j/jtwo (gwojo); also 
 givose'. 
 
 sin (wrong, .slander), tord'nyet, f.pl. toro'nyetji. 
 vide Zorojt. 
 
 sin (to load astray, to make bad), foro?i, 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 pres. td'foron, yevf. atii'ron, i. toronye, pass. 
 toro^nya. 
 
 sing, yolo, pres. yoyd'lo, perf. ayulo, i. yolom, 
 pass, yd'lo. vide ?/o?/?t. 
 
 sing, 2/"^) pres. yu'yoyii, pcrf. ayu'yu, i. 
 yolo7i(\ pass, yd'lo. vide yo?o. 
 
 singer, l:ayii'lonit, c.pl. layd'lok. vide ;/o?o. 
 
 singly (alone, a unit), (jeleng, c.pl. /.((iZe. 
 
 sink (gutter), hiiliet, n.pl. hVketJi. vide ?;«/.•. 
 
 sink (to let down), sd'fahin, pres. sosd'fdlin, 
 perf. asu^falcin, i. sofala, pass, sd'fald. 
 
 sink, juruddyS, pres. jujuruddyd, perf. 
 ajurudJyo, i. juruddyo. 
 
 sink (to fall, to overturn, to tremble), cZoro, 
 pres. dodoro, perf. adoro, i. dorone. (Speaking 
 of the sua and the moon, ro undergoes redui)liLa- 
 tion.) Ex : AoZoji Qyafu) adororo = the sun (tlie 
 moon) has set. 
 
 sink (to go to ruin), huJioji, pres. buhuhdji, 
 perf. ahuloji, i. huhojlne. vide 6m/i'. 
 
 sink something, tojund, pres. totojurut, perf. 
 atojurut, i. tojurute, pass, tojuruto. yidejuruddyu. 
 
 sinner (evil-doer), Icatord'nyanit, c.pl. Katord'- 
 nyah. vide ^o?-ort. 
 
 sip (to lap), re6a, pres. rerebd, perf. arehd, i. 
 rehih, pass. re/a. 
 
 sister, Idascr, f.pl. liaisiWih. 
 
 sit down (to sit down), sWa, pres. sisida, perf. 
 asida, i. sidani. 
 
 sit down, /oui, pres. fofo'in, perf. o/oiH, i. /oL 
 Es : /o(<a /,a/.' = take a seat. 
 
 sit down, sidali, pres. sisidaki, perf. asidahi, 
 i. sidaliine. 
 
 sit, himliin. 
 
 six, hulie'r. 
 
 sixteen, fudl;-wod-huher. 
 
 sixty, merya-hnlce'r. 
 
 skiff (boat), libo-ld'dit, pi. Idbojin-ld'didik. 
 
 skilful (especially intelligent), lolwng, c.pl.s. 
 
 skin (husk, shell), /(wZi^f; f.pl. /;«?/. 
 
 skin (of men and animals), horildt, n.pl. 
 66■r^7^o</^ 
 
 skin (hide, leather), i;o&e>% l.pl. (jd'bero. 
 
 skin (to flay, to kill), o(W(f, pres. odddu, perf. 
 a'dddii, i. oddih, pass. 676". 
 
 skin (to flay), fcoi, pres. to"?*of, perf. a?>of, i. J>of/, 
 pass. ?)67o. 
 
 skin (an animal), rolcon, pres. rd'rohon, perf. 
 ardl:on, i. rolionge, pass, rolonyo. 
 
 skin (to foam, to ferment), ?/«', pres. ?/w;/?<, pcrf. 
 a7/M, i. ?/;(?if'. 
 
 skinner (flayer), liciotdl:. 
 
 skip (to hop, hither, to leap out or forth), 
 labii'n, pres. lalahun, perf. idahun, i. Zati<. 
 
 skip (to jump), Zrtm, pres. lalam, perf. oZruu, 
 i. Z«r)i('. 
 
 slander (sin, wrong), tord'nyd, f.pl. tord'nyetji. 
 vide ^oco?!. 
 
 slander (to defame), towndya, j^res. totorondya, 
 jierf. atorondya, i. torondCli (toronyi''), puss. 
 
 slander (backbite ; falsely accuse), maw;/, pres. 
 mamanj, perf. amamj, i. manrjgi, pass, manja. 
 
 slander (curse, oft'eud). morja, pres. momo'rjii, 
 perf. mnorju, i. morji. vide mdr. 
 
 slanderer (backbiter), luimanjanit, c.pl. 
 kamd'ngaJc. vide man'i. 
 
 slap (in the face, box on the ear, a blow with 
 the hand), mnsa, m.])l. 
 
 slave, duffel, pi. (?((/i. 
 
 sleep (bed-camp), dotd'et (dotoet), n.pl. 
 dotd'etji. vide c/o<o. 
 
 sleep (expression for itate of health, etc.), 
 cZ9<o, i)re-'. dodoHo, perf. add 'to, i. dotoiv'. vide 
 fi!oc?. Ex : tZo (uZu 7o f = how are you '? (lit. " How 
 have you slept ? "), a morning salutation. 
 
 sleepy (to be nodding), /»»•, pres. ^MZwr, peif. 
 aZ'H*, i. ^o't'. 
 
 slide out (to slip, to stumble, to fall), je'leta, 
 Y>rii3.Jeje'leta, perf. ajeleta, i.jelttani. 
 
 slight (to neglect), Idu'ndya, pres. laldu'ndya, 
 perf. alaii'ndya. i. laii'iidye, pass. ?«'((. 
 
 slight earthquake, yeye-nu-lcal: 
 
 sling (to throw, to throw about), gii'bara, pres. 
 gu<,ubara, perf. a{/ubrCra, i. f/((/x«ra, ]iass. guhd'jf. 
 
 slinger (tlirower), Imi^iunanit, c.pl. hai^u'mah. 
 vide ;/M7Ji. 
 
 slip (to slide out, to stumble, to fall), je'leta, 
 ines. jeje'hta, perf. aje'leta, i. jeletani. 
 
 slowly, madang, adv. D. ma./. 
 
 small, Icudili. 
 
 small, Id'sit, f. na'sit, pi. Id'siJiJc, f.pl. nd'sijil;. 
 
 small, Id'dit, f. nd'dit, pi. Id'didil; f.pl. nd'didi!:. 
 
 small bag, knnl'ra, f.pl. husurudt. 
 
 small basket (used also as a unit cf measure- 
 ment), /lOrei, m.pl. Icore'tji. 
 
 small bird (which lives in sesame and eats 
 worms), dede't, n.pl. dedc"tan. 
 
 small black ant, muliunyet, m.pl. mulnm. 
 
 small brook, ;/ore, l.pl. gorell. 
 
 small hammer, /.o'Zo, m.pl. l-d'lolo. 
 
 small piece (scrap, crumb), na'sit, f.pl. 
 
 small-pox, diedie'roti, n.pl. diedw'ro. 
 
 small room (or chamber), kadi-nd'det, pi. 
 l;adi\iili-nd\\idil\ 
 
 small snail, ,/i"64 m.pl.,/t"6jrt {jibya). 
 
 smear (to spread over), lilinggd, pres. liling(,d, 
 perf. aIiUwj[d, i. UUnii<,d, pass. liliim(,d. vide 
 j/o(?i/. Ex : ?irt?t alilingid, nielo safe yodd = I 
 have glazed this pot. 
 
 smear, to, &o6c/Z, pres. &o6o^, perf. abobot, i. 
 bobotc, pass, bohd'ta. 
 
 smear (to newly smear the floor with clay), 
 Z*oro, pres. hd'horo, perf. abd'ro, i. 6oron^, pass. 
 ?>or?/a. 
 
112 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY, 
 
 smear (v\ith clay), lin, pies, lilin. jiorf. nlin, 
 i. linjr, pass. //wr/o. 
 
 smell (oilonr, esjiecially a bad one), mo'-"t, f.pl. 
 mot'''fJi. vide mo;*. 
 
 smell (taste, Havour), inoji, f. 
 
 smell (to be fragrant, oiloriferous), mon, pres. 
 momon, perf. amon, i. mowK 
 
 smell (to scent), moja, pres. md'mqia, perf. 
 amoja, i. Hw/f, pass. mo'a. 
 
 smell, unpleasant (to have a nasty odour), 
 iiiobitr. pres. jHOiz/ci/jur, perf. amu' uhiir, i. mon^bur. 
 vide )no;i. 
 
 smelt (to), mi', pres. mimC, perf. «m(', i. n^^yV', 
 pass. ;Hi"o. 
 
 smith (a), ticiwinii-JoyuliH, pi. td'monoh-ti- 
 yiili't. 
 
 smoke, ISfurSt, f.pl. lo/Krotji. 
 
 smoke (tobacco; to driukj, miijiV-taht. vide 
 
 smoke, furijii, pres. fiifuri,'o, perf. afuri',6, 
 i. furije- Ex : >//o l:aden ti tule, se fitfnrii'o = 
 these logs are U' it burning, they are only smoking. 
 
 smoke (to make smoke), tofuri, pres. totofurl. 
 perf. atofuri, i. tofurine, pass, tofuryo. 
 
 smooth (even), Id'bulet. f. nd'bulet, pl.s. 
 
 smooth, falilinj. 
 
 smooth (polished), Zm^o, c.pl.s. vide Zm. 
 
 snail, hinjiiiio, m.pl. luwiguolon. 
 
 snail house (snail shell), l;adi-na-luncjfjuo pi. 
 ladi'-ti-lumiiiiiolon. 
 
 snail, small, yt"t«, m.pl. Ji'hia. 
 
 snake, munu, m.pl. mii'nuo. 
 
 snare (pit, especially for elephants and hippo.), 
 (?ie?/, f.jil. meya. 
 
 snare (trap), ridylM {ridihot), f.pl. ridil;. 
 
 snarl (growl), jigren, ])res. nge-ivjen, perf. a-ngen, 
 i. mjene (n'jendi). vide ?i(7e?j. 
 
 snatch (seize), nyulnoal;, pres. nynnyu'l;wal;, 
 perf. anyulncal:, i. nynlcicahe, pass. nyu'Jacal'e. 
 
 sneeze, yafimja. 
 
 snore, ;,or, pres. gojor, perf. «go?-. i. gore'{<jorja). 
 
 so many (just as many), miihilo, f, mui.u'm'. 
 vide 7Mit. 
 
 so that, anyan. 
 
 soak (to water), tomat. pres. totomat, perf. 
 atomat, i. toniafe, pass, tomata. vide Hiqy'^. 
 
 soak (to water), tumaddu, pres. tidmnaddu, 
 jierf. atumaddu, i. tiimaddili, pass, tumd'ta. vide 
 tomat and wjo^/m. 
 
 sod (turf, jilot of grass), (jivuru, l.pl. gicu^rua. 
 
 soft, hj'munyan, f. nd'munyan, pi. lo^munyah, 
 f.]il. namnnyali. 
 
 solar eclipse (the sun is covered), l-olonj- 
 •<(>nu'lo. 
 
 soldiers, f/e??a. 
 
 sole (of feet of elejihants and hippo.), ngato, 
 m.pl. ngutojin. 
 
 soft (tender), Id^Ulinij, f. na'liling, pl.s. 
 
 soften (in water), tco, pres. tfoioo, perf. a?oo, 
 i. ?oo?ie, pass, icowa (icd'Ja). 
 
 something (tiling, matter), ?i;o, f.pl.s. Ex : 
 ti'nan mjo = give me something. 
 
 something big (a wnnder), iKjo-duma, f.pl. 
 njo-te'meji];. 
 
 son (descendant), <ore, m.pl. for ''la (also 
 offsjiring of animals). 
 
 son-in-law (daughter-in-law), i((/«, c.pl. 
 Zm<m y^H. 
 
 song, 2/oZe<, l.])!. yci'letji. vide ?/'>/o. 
 
 song, /.o/?', m.pl. kdird. 
 
 soon, tferfe (rZe, ede, dede). 
 
 sooner, eroji. 
 
 sorcerer (good), hii'nit, c.pl. hu'nuh. vide 
 demd'nit. 
 
 sorcerer (wicked), demd'nit, c.jd. demd'h. 
 
 sore, fZe'A-a. 
 
 sorrow (pain, trouble), r/wref, n pi. yurttji, 
 vide yuran. 
 
 soul (spirit), mololcd'tyo, m.pl. molulqjin. 
 
 sour (bitter), /o<Mor, pl.s., also/asM's//«, c.pl.s. 
 
 south, Zo/,/, f. 
 
 south wind, laguniot-na-lold (Ivbungot-na-loli). 
 
 sovereign (of a country), tnatat-Jd'-jur, jil. 
 l;imah-ti'-jiir. 
 
 sow, ?ce;V(, pres. loeice'ja, perf. aioeja, i. ■Joe/f', 
 pass, we'ya. 
 
 sow^ (broadcast; to sow for another), welan, 
 pres. loeioeldn, perf. aioeldn, 1, toe/.i' /*, pass, toe hi. 
 
 sewer, kaive'yanit, c.pl. laioeyak. vide tt'e/a. 
 
 spark, iJ/e'r, f.pl. tyere'ji. 
 
 speak (to talk), kulya, pres. kuhulya, perf. 
 aliulya, i. Indyani. Ex : maw Imliulya Bari 
 = I s})eak Bari. 
 
 speak (to say something to some one), ZaA-j;«, 
 pres. tatahin, perf. atahin, i. tari'h, pass. /«'/.•*. 
 
 spear (lance), gfor, n.pl. ;/o"ro. . 
 
 spear (with knob of iron under the blade), 
 mojidi, n.pl. mojyu 'luet. 
 
 spear (to jiierce, to spur), so/?*, pres. sosd'Ju, 
 perf. agd'Ju, 1. so/;', pass. ??/>. vide .so. 
 
 spear, to (to gore), sii tut, pres. susuun, perf. 
 asu'uti. i. s»h'. pass. sjr«e. vide so. 
 
 speargrass, ^riro. 
 
 speech (conversation), lidyd'et, f.pl. lidyd'etjin. 
 
 spider, lugoijdri, m.pl. lu,ogdri'hn. 
 
 spill (poxir), ftffA-, pres, bubul;, perf. ttZ*w/,-, i. 
 b?{/.'e, pass. 6u/.o. 
 
 spill, buloro, pres. 6«(t?< /.ciro, perf. ahuloro, 
 i. bidiore, pass, buhdrd. vide Z*!t/.-, 
 
 spin (to turn), toiwijd, i)res. iciivijd. perf. 
 aioiwi',6, i. loiioijo, pass. wiiryS. 
 
 spine, giviri, l.pl. gwiryla. 
 
 spinster, sot/. 
 
 spirit, molokd'tyo, m.pl. mold'hojin. 
 
 spit, ?/«/.•«, pres. yayala, perf. ayala, i. yakani, 
 pass, yalialci. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 113 
 
 spittle, laimildk, f. 
 
 splinter (chii)), J elet, f.pl. Jeletii ( /ehtji). 
 
 split (to cleave), la/u, jires. 'haJccuju, perf. 
 
 alagu, i. Jcagi, pass. Jcalca. 
 
 spoil (put in disorder), tuJ;or, pres. tti'talor, 
 
 perf. atuhor, i. tnloi-rh, pass. hVkoro. vide /,or. 
 
 spoon, /iomt', m.]il. Jcamflan. 
 
 sporting-dog, dioug-lo-yidin, pi. diongin-ti- 
 yidin. 
 
 spotted (coloured), Zo Vi/rt, f. M«7,/r«, pl.s. Ex : 
 niena hoivjgo andldri = this drt-ss is of different 
 colours. 
 
 spouse (husband), lalet, m.pl. lian. 
 
 sprained (to be dislocated), futuho, yxes. 
 fuf"tulo, perf. afidiiho, i. futulwnili. 
 
 spread (to get acquainted), hudio, pres. 
 luhuoro, perf. ahiioro, i. laliro. 
 
 spread_ over (smear), lilinij,,d, pres. UUn'.iro, 
 perf. aliliti'igd, i. lilinggo, pass. Ulmg[,o. vide 
 2/6V^<. Ex: )(rt« alilingi^o nielo safe'yudu = l 
 have glazed this pot. 
 
 sprig (germ, bud), haftti, m.pl. hafe. 
 
 spring over (jump), lawj, in-es.'lalanj, perf. 
 (dang, i. lang\ 
 
 spring (well), A-iT'd/, m.pL Ai'VZia. 
 
 sprinkle, raf, pres. rara«, perf. arat, i. ra<e, 
 ]>ass. rata. 
 
 sprinkling (blessing), gwatet, n.pl. <iwatetji. 
 vide ijwadd. 
 
 sprout (shoot forth, appear), fnkun, pres. 
 fufuhun, perf. afuhun, i.fukiL Yidefuk. 
 
 sprout (shoot, germinate), /«/i-, pres. /m/»A-, 
 jierf. afuli, i.fuhe. 
 
 sprout (germinate), /mh, pres. fi(.fun, perf. a/'/n, 
 i.fune. Ex : bulot/nfun^ the dura is sprouting. 
 .sprout (to rise; also of moon), wUun, pres. 
 tciwilun, perf awilun, i. t»j7j/. vide 6/tot. 
 
 sprout (shoot, offspring), boLotyo, c.pl. hol-OjCn. 
 
 spur (spear), soy'w, pres. soso 'jif, jjerf. asd "ju, 
 i. ^oy'i', pass. swe'. 
 
 spy, wirja, pres. wiwirja, perf. awirja, i. tujr/'e, 
 jiass. ivCra. 
 
 spy (explore), togorja, pres. tolojorja, perf. 
 utoijorja, i.to forjih, pase. toijd'ra. 
 
 spy, haicCranit, c.pl. kaivirah. vide ?y/r/rt. 
 
 spy, l:atoj6'ranit,c.\)]Jiat6'gorah. vide togorja. 
 
 squander (to disturb, to destroy), Adr, pros. 
 liikor, perf. aA6>, i. Ad;-/, pass. Ad/-d. 
 
 squander (waste), ^MAar, pres. /;« <((7i«r, perf. 
 uiuhar, i. tuhare, pass, tnlara. 
 
 squat (with bent knees), sotto, pres. sosoJo, 
 perf. rt.«oc?o, i. sodone. 
 
 squeeze out (to press), 2/o;o^ pres. yoyd'rot, 
 jerf. ayd'rot, i. j/wot^s pass, yd'roto. 
 
 squirrel (very small species like a big mouse), 
 luloh, f.pl. loldlion. 
 
 stable (pen, fold), AdjT, f.pl. lidjino. 
 
 stable (hurdle, pen), </oro, l.pl'. gorojln. 
 
 staff (stick), /«r/, m.pl./wi-io7 (generally forked 
 for old people). 
 
 staircase (ladder; mounting, rising), Id'et 
 (ki'yet), f.pl. Ja'etji. vide Mja. 
 
 stake (post), hd'luti, f.pl. Aa'Zeto. 
 
 stalk (of dura plant), uinydli, f.pl. Mi"n. 
 
 stamp (to tread), gwd, pres. gwogicd, perf. 
 ((g'jpd, i. gwone, pass, gwd'a. 
 
 stand, gioodan, pres. gwojicodan, perf. agioodan, 
 i. gwode. 
 
 star, kassiri, pi. Imssar. 
 
 star, nynnyu'mite, f.pl. nyunyii'mi. 
 
 star (evening), hasirohoti. 
 
 stare at (to notice, to gape), f?//- (al.-o didir), 
 pres. dirfiV, perf atZ/r (also adidir), i. d«>e (also 
 didire), pass. (7/ra' (also didi'ra). 
 
 start (to drive away), wordji, pres. tvowdrdji, 
 perf. awdrdji, i. iividjih {iconijine). See " to 
 draw away." 
 
 stay (stay at home), lo/ajnr (kofajnr). 
 
 stay (stand), gwodan, pres. gwogwodan, perf. 
 a[noodan, i. ijioodi'. 
 
 stay (remain), ^/eji^r, pres. yeyeng, perf a^/ewf/, 
 i. yenge. 
 
 stay (remain), f/iye, pres. gwegioc, perf. ajji'^; 
 i. f/we. 
 
 stay (live), gwolong, j)res. (iv-ojirolong, perf. 
 ajivolong, i. gwolonge. Of. gicilin;gi. 
 
 steal (take), damun, pres. dudumun, perf. 
 adumun, i. dumu, pass, dii'mne. 
 
 steal, hdlioya, pres. Id'loya, perf. alidlwya, 
 i. lioho'i, pass, hohd'la. 
 
 steal (abduct), udgin'li, pres. icdicdjri'h, perf. 
 awdgi'rih, pass, ivog'irilun. See •■ to abduct." 
 
 steal upon (to surprise a wild auinaal, to waylay 
 a girl), domha, pres. dodombi, perf. adomha, 
 i. dombi, pass, dd'ma. 
 
 steal upon (to jiroceed stealthily, to surprise), . 
 domundya, pres. dodumundya, perf. aJomundya,. 
 i. domundye. 
 
 steal (for someone), ImMlaldn, pres. liohdlalnny 
 peif akoJc'ilal-in, i. holiolald, pass. Jiokd'lald. 
 
 steam (vajiour, fog), ZHr«, m.pl s. 
 
 step-brother, n;iwlo ba, pi. njHajil:-tl-ba. 
 
 sterile (of men and animals; barren), &rt?i •, 
 n.jjl. ban, in- 
 
 steward (manager), hisatyo-h'-lad/, pi. Z?rsrtA- 
 <t' -ladi. 
 
 stick (adhere, to cleave), cZetta, pres. dedebba, 
 perf. adebba, i. fZetti'. 
 
 stick (club, rod), <Hi-e, m.pl. ^i/ r/a (lurya). 
 
 stick (symbol of meeting— which Bari carries 
 — shaped like a fork),/((<e<, m.pl. /^^ei!/?. 
 
 stick (staff), /art, m.pl. /k yvoY "(for old people 
 — generally forked). 
 
 stick (cudgel, club), gumtet, n.pl. (jtciite'tji. 
 
 sticks (cross-shaped twirling, used in cooking). 
 /'»/«' re<, m.pl. lofi'retji. 
 
 I 
 
114 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 still, to be (to be quiet), (jwolonj-talinj. 
 still (to be quiet), lili'ja, pres. lilCja, perf. 
 alili'Ja,i. lilije. 
 still (yet), leru. Ex : giot' lent lo-yo = stay a 
 little longer with me. 
 still (yet), njn. 
 still later (1 ittr), mohi'lu. 
 stingf (prick), sd et (vide s-fet), n.pl. siietji. 
 vide so. 
 
 stir (to move), yayd, \^res. yayh'yu, perf. ayd'yn, 
 i. ya" (yale). vide yd. 
 
 stitch (to stitch together, to patch), l-oha, pres. 
 l-fhoha, ]ierf. alv'ha, i. lohl, pass. /.(/a. 
 
 stomach (waist, body), mil tjimya Qmojoii), f.pl. 
 herili. vide mtuiiin. 
 stomach (inside of poultry), htoroJ;, m.pl. 
 lotorolcon. 
 stomach (belly, bod)-), inugun Q)no;;on), f.pl. 
 herili. 
 stomach-ache, fele-mimyen. vide myen. 
 
 stone (grain, grain of seed), n_;omcfti (n;omiti), 
 m.pl. njomot. 
 
 stone (rock), lele, f.pl. Ze7?/rt. D. ahl. 
 
 stone, n,ti'ri(fit(ngurufit), f.pl. ngnruf{n/,uruf). 
 
 stone, to, yal; pres. yayalc, perf. «?/«/,•, i. 2/«''«''; 
 pass. yal;a. 
 
 stool (bench), s/def, n.pl. sCdetji. 
 
 stoop, dula, pres. dWdula, perf. alula, i. 
 didnni. cf. dwi/a. 
 
 stoop (sometimes having a tnins. ' to bend "). 
 diiya, pres. dudvya, perf. aduya, i. dwyr, pass. 
 (luya. vide fZw. 
 
 stopper (cork, cover), muhet, f.pl. mtilietji. 
 
 stork (big kind), «f/«f, m.pl. ugutji. 
 
 storm, yala (ydla), l.pl. yald[jin. vide ya. 
 
 storm, Intutn. 
 
 storm (to rush, to bluster), 'uugd, pres. uu[^6, 
 perf aiCugS. 
 
 storm (rusliing, roaring), uu^o, f. 
 
 story (narration, tale), td'et, f.pl. td'efji. vide ^a. 
 
 stove (oven, hearthy, fireplace), salet, l.pl. 
 sa7e(y't'. 
 
 straight, rigioo, c.pl.s. Ex : n/eZo /lO lini rijwo 
 = this tree is straight. 
 
 stranger (guest), homonit, c.pl. lomon (also /er/e). 
 
 strangle (choke, to kill), to, pres. iotd, perf. aio, 
 i. <o?('', pass. tolo. 
 
 straw (straw), l.ti'luli, f.pl. lul-u. 
 
 straw mat, yild, n.pl. yil.-d\jin. 
 
 stream (river, the Nile), l;are, m.pl. harya. 
 D. lir. 
 
 stream, golotot, pi. f/oZo. 
 
 street (road, in the plural cross roads), gfoV, l.pl. 
 [;oron. 
 
 strength (power), hidoyet, n.pl. hidoyetji. 
 
 strength (power), hidot, n.pl. hulotji. 
 
 strength (hardness, force), golet, n.pl. gohfji. 
 vide go. 
 
 strength (power, might), rinjit, f.pl. rh^iten. 
 strength (force, vigour), tuMnjan, f.pl. 
 tid.d'njanji. 
 
 strengthening (confirmation), togolef, f.pl. to^o- 
 letji. 
 stretch (to pull, to make straight), rih, pres. 
 ririh, perf. arih, i. rin', pass. rid. 
 strike, hid (Inibut). 
 
 strike (rub, to pass softly over), fayn, pres. 
 fiifuyit, porf. aftiya, i. fnynn'/, pass, ///yna 
 ifiifnyna). 
 
 'strike (fasten, to nail, to drive in, to beat), hel:. 
 pros, hehi'h, perf. aheh, i. Z)e7t-f', pass. heho. 
 
 string, futid, m.pl. fidutji. Ex : nrui ?oZ(/7,- 
 danjlio fidid = I bind the bow with string. 
 
 strip ("to strip oft'), rot, pres. rorot, perf. arot, i. 
 ro/r, pass. roto. 
 
 strip off (leaves), ronlyi, pres. roronlya, perf. 
 aronlya, i. ronlih, pass, ronya. Ex : Iwdini 
 aronya = the tree is without leaves. 
 
 strong (powerful), /.««(/«, c.pl. Mngd'jin. 
 
 strong, Zogro. 
 
 strong (to be strong, to conquer), te, pres. <e<e, 
 perf. aie,i. tele', pass. ie'Za. 
 
 strong, to be (to be powerful), ringitd, pres. 
 ririnjito, perf. arin'jUo, i. ringitonih. 
 
 strong (to make strong, to make hard), /ogr^ 
 pres. foZogro, perf. atojo, i. togroZc; pass, togdlo. 
 
 struck (to be struck by lightning), fe. vide " to 
 shoot, to hit." 
 
 stuff (cloth, dress), bonggo, n.pl. honggudt. 
 
 stumble (to slide out, to slip, to fall), jV'Zeta, 
 pres. jeje'leta, perf. aje'leta, 1. jeletani. 
 
 stumble (to trip, to fall), lofu'lo, pres. holo- 
 ful:o, perf. al;oful;o, i. hofidioni. 
 ' stupid, M'hong, f. nd'hotij, pl.s. 
 
 submissive (humble, peaceable), mall, c.pl. 
 mdliat (mah/at). 
 
 subterranean world, lak, f. 
 
 suck (milk), no,;, pres.. nonog, perf. an6'^, i. 
 
 suck, to, hi, pres. ^iti", perf. ahi, i. ttyV, pass. 
 hia (ahiya). 
 
 suck, 6(i>, pres. hihi'ja, perf. abi'j". i- ^V'''' 
 pass. hCa. 
 
 sucker, labi'anit, c.pl. lahial;. vide 6/'. 
 
 suckle (to make suck), tunoju, pres. tidtinSgn, 
 perf atunSjii, i. tiinojh. vide no /«. 
 
 suckling, l;uhd}Canit, c.pl. latahfali. vide &/. 
 
 suffer (to endure), ngongga, pres. ngo-njonjga, 
 perf. a-ngongga, i. ngonggi. 
 
 sufferer (sad person), Icadurunit, c.pl. vide 
 
 suffering (pain), myene, f. vide myen. 
 
 suffering (pain, melancholy), dure'H, n.pl. 
 c/»r '7/7. vide (?«rM. 
 
 suffice (to satisfy, to be enough), /o, pres. »', 
 perf. a/(f, i. yowf^. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 115 
 
 suffocate (clioke), firyo, pres. fiifnryU, perf. 
 afarijU. \.furijUm. 
 
 sugar-cane, hanjat. 
 
 sugar-eating ants, mu uritd,m.]'l.mnluri. 
 
 suitor (wooor), hayu'yuanit, c.pl. lay i'yuah. 
 vide yoy,i'ja. 
 
 summit (top, ^oint),filya, f.pl.^/// ila (fi^ynlan). 
 
 sun, lolong. 
 
 sunrise, l;oh>ng-l6'-fdl:un. 
 
 sunset, liolonj-ndoro. 
 
 supper, ngeSH-ld'tyanj (n'jesu-na-hd'tyang). 
 
 supply (restore, complete), Jacenhilin, pres. 
 licelnvenialcin, perf. alcioe'nialnn, i. lacexiahi, pass. 
 hiot'nwlu. 
 
 support (assist, to help), njard'hin, pres. nga- 
 . njard'hin, i^erf. a-njardln'n, i. njarald, pass. 
 ngardlii. 
 
 supporter (maintainer, nourisher), hayulunit, 
 c pi. hayu'tiil:. 
 
 supports (of a roof), hedite, m.pl. Icedyat. 
 
 surpass (excel, to be more important), to n pin, 
 pres. totd'ngun, perf. atd'ngnn, i. td'ng ine, jmss. 
 td'njue. 
 
 surprise (steal upon), domimdya, pres. dodo- 
 munlyn, j^erf. ado.inindya,i. domundye. 
 
 surprise (to attack), muddya, pres. mumiiddya, 
 perf. amuddya, i. mute, pass. mntd. 
 
 surprise (a will animal ; to steal upon, to way- 
 lay a girl), do.uhd, pres. (?o'iom&a, perf. adomha,i. 
 domhi, pass, dj'ma. 
 
 surround, lonj, pres. lolong, perf. along, i. hmje, 
 ■]'iass. lon;;a. 
 
 surround (especially with a hed^;e), gd-.nhu, 
 pres. gd^o nhu, perf. agd.nhn, i. go.nbe, pass. 
 
 surround (to enc:)mpas8), gro.H, pres. <jo^o.n, 
 perf. 0(70/*,i. r/o.j/e, pass, go uo. 
 
 swaddling cloth (blanket), ngxididet, f.pl. 
 n udnlttji. 
 
 swallow (cross-shaped twirling sticks used in 
 cooking), lo/i'ret, m.pl. lofi'retji. 
 
 swallovy (devour, to gulp down), loi, pres. 
 tviun, perf. awi, i. tcile, pass, ivflo. 
 
 swearing, milyo, f. 
 
 sweat (sweat, perspiration), nji-njiret, f.pl. 
 
 sweep (wipe), se, pres. sest', perf. ase, i. .'eju-', 
 pass. seya. 
 
 sweep (sweep out), rejd, pres. rereja, perf. 
 areja, i. rejih(ren'), pass. m/a. 
 
 sweet (agreeable, nice), faleleng, c.pl.s. Ex : 
 >i;'e«a hoturdni momon faleleng = these flowers 
 smell very sweet. 
 
 sweet-scented, moriri. Ex : niena Icdturdni 
 nio.-iri = this flower smells nice. 
 
 swell up (to swell out), loehni, pres. ivewelan, 
 perf. aioi'lan. Ex : tlie wound is swelling = 
 dil;d (iiiojon) tcnvelan. 
 
 sw^im, fdryd, pros, fdfdryo, perf. afdryo, i. 
 fdryoni. 
 
 swim, waddii, pres. wawaddu, perf. amiddii, i. 
 iraddi h. 
 
 S'wim quietly (of men), jenjga, in-es.jejenggn, 
 perf. a,'en(;g(i, i.jen.gl. 
 
 swing (to rock, to shake), duh, pres. dndii]:, 
 jierf. aduJi, i. 'Z(/7i-e, pass, du ha. 
 
 swing (rock), oo'/a, jires, od'ja, perf. aod'Ja, i. 
 00,' //t, pass. o"o«. Ex : 7igero afoa = the child 
 was rocked. 
 
 swooning (fainting), hi'rne, c.pl.s. 
 
 S'woop down (as birds), hiwundya, pres. hihi- 
 lonndya, perf ahiivimdya, i. hiwundye. 
 
 sycamore (tree and fruit), hihi, f.pl. A/ti/ef 
 {hi'hitt). 
 
 syphilis, yanjo. 
 
 table, rogo, f.pl. rJ'goJin. 
 
 tail, hottet. 
 
 take, wuju (wuwuju}: pron. m_,'w (uiiJu). 
 
 take (accept), w?<, pres. zcuicu, perf. a«M, i. 
 icunili {ujih, wujili), pass, icuyic. vide ivitju. 
 
 take (to deprive of), dumundyn, pres. diidu- 
 micndya, perf. adtimundya, i. dumnndye, pass. 
 diimu'e {dume). 
 
 take (to steal), dumun, pres. dudnmun, perf. 
 adumun, i. dumu, pass, dumne. 
 
 take away (to lead away, to cany away), ./ongr, 
 pves. jojong, perf. ajong, i. jongr, pass. Jon ja. 
 
 take away (to seiz ■)> uddya, pres. uuddya, 
 perf. auddya, i. uddye, pass, wja (mi/m). vide 
 '■ to go away, to go oft"." 
 
 take care (to hide something, to guard), 
 du'ldhin, pres. dedc'hilin, perf. ade'luhin, i. 
 delahe, pass. d"''lahi. 
 
 take (catch), mJm, pres. w?/'/"; P^rf. OMyw, i. 
 tiji h, pass. ».,'m. 
 
 take care (protect), <t,'M, pres. h7/y'u, perf. rt^f/W) 
 i. </y«7t (^/h/7(), pass. fiyw. Ex: tiju-mujunitiju- 
 berih) = to be on one's guard, to take care. 
 
 take care, hnny^r, pros, hiihunynr, perf. 
 ukitnynr, i. hunyan^ (htoiy ir), i)a,39. htinyd'ra. 
 
 take prisoner (to catch, to seiza), tojonj, pres. 
 totojong. perf. ntojong, i. tqiong', pass, tojonga. 
 
 taken prisoner (and carried away), ?no,'.-, f.pl. 
 7no"A;rtn. 
 
 take up (to raise ; to fetch), jnaj/'/, pres. 
 mamd'ijii, perf. amagii, i. mayt', pass md'ha, 
 
 tale (narration, story), <a'e<, f.pl. taetji. vide 
 
 talk (say), <«, pres i'(<a, perf. «fa, i. <<nu*', pass. 
 
 12 
 
116 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 talk (conversation, discourse), jame, ni.pl. 
 jamyat. y'ldc jnmhu. 
 
 talk (speak), lulya, pros. lutliuJya, perf. al-ulya, 
 i. kulyani. Ex : nan Imhulya Buri = \ speak Bari. 
 
 talk (to converse, to B!iy),jamhu, pres. ja Jamba, 
 perf. ajamhit, i. Jamhi, pass. jama. D. jam. 
 
 talk (to make talk), tohii'lya, pres. totolmlya, 
 perf. atokiilya, i. tokulyam'h. vide litlya. 
 
 tall (high ; long), Zo'l/^/o, f. najyo, pl.s. 
 
 tall (kind of grass), ?oto?e, f.t. 
 
 tan (scrape, to curry), u'or, pres. wowor, perf. 
 ttwor, i. it'o?¥, pass, wo'to. 
 
 tan (to dress, to :unake a dried skin soft by 
 rubbing), ngin, pres. ngi-ngin, perf. a-nrjin, i. 
 nginc (ngi-nge), pass, ngi-nga. 
 
 target, tiso, l.pl. bisolon. 
 
 target (board, bench, form), taM, f.pl. talcajin. 
 
 tassel (also the end of a cow's tail which is 
 worn as ornament on the arm), hini, n.pl. 
 hinyat. 
 
 tassel (especially that of cotton worn on the 
 loin cloth), sudlyatat, n.pl. sitdlya. 
 
 taste (to relish), wang, pres. wawang, perf. 
 aicang, i. ivangih, pass, wanga. 
 
 taste (smell, flavour), mon, f. 
 
 tattoo, tltChu, pres. titt'hu, perf atitihn, i. 
 titibih, pass, tittfu. 
 
 taught (to learn), dinild, pres. didCnihi, perf. 
 «dt"ji a'/,/, i. diniJiine. 
 
 to teach, todinihin, pres. totodinihin, perf. 
 atodinikin, i. todinihih, pass, todiniki. 
 
 teach (instruct), ^ode?i, pres. totoden, perf, 
 atoden, i. todenc, pass, iodt'na. vide fZe«. 
 
 teacher (one that gives instructions), katodf- 
 nanit, c.pl. katodi'nak. vide todinikin. 
 
 teacher (that others may know), katodenanit, 
 c.pl. katode'nak. vide toden. 
 
 teaching (or school room), kadi-na-todi'net, 
 pi. kadfjik-ti-todt'net. vide todCnet. 
 
 tear, to, f/wi, pres. (y«(/tu, perf. aj/m, i. ginye, 
 pass, gimja. 
 
 tear, to, AeK, pres. keken, perf. «A-en, i. kenye, pass. 
 kenyd. Ex : w<m o/ien honggo = I tore the dress. 
 
 tear, keren, pres. keke'ren, perf. ake'ren, i. kerenye, 
 pass, kerenya. 
 
 tear, kendya, pres. ke'kendya, perf. ahendtja, i. 
 kendye. 
 
 tear, gindya, pres. gigindya, perf. agindya, i. 
 
 tear (to tear to pieces), kerendya, pres. 
 kekerendya, perf. akerendya, i. kerendya, pass. 
 
 tear off (to pull out, to pull off, extricate), 
 gondya, pres. gojondya, perf. agondya, i. gone, 
 pass, gonya. 
 
 tear out (to pull out), gwuyun, pres. r/wi(- 
 gwunyiin, perf. agwunynn, i. giounyu, pass, 
 gftcjf'nyjte. 
 
 tearer (a render), kakere'^nyanit, c.pl. /ici- 
 /i"en'"jii/«/i. 
 
 tears, njolitani, f.pl. ngd'lltan. 
 
 teeth pulled out (tribal mark), ?u"do (judo). 
 
 temporary insanity, lomerya, m. 
 
 temptation (seduction), duniet, n.pl. dumetji. 
 vide dumha. 
 
 tempter (seducer ; warrior, combatant), kamo- 
 roiiit, m.pl. kambrbk. vide moVo. 
 
 ten, /(/o/; (also/«o/.-). 
 
 tender (soft, weak), Id'munyan, f. nd'mimyan, 
 pi. hi'munyak, f.pl. nd'munyak. 
 
 tender (soft, of the skin), Id'liling, f. nd'Uling, 
 pl.s. 
 
 tender-hearted (to be compassionate, weep), 
 Jiyiinyuri, pres. nyunyu'ri, perf. anynnyurl, i. 
 nyuny urine. 
 
 tent, morogd, f.pl. morogd'jin, 
 
 tent, n«/c, f.pl. nafo. 
 
 tenth part, fnbkit, f.pl. fudkitji. 
 
 tepid (luke-warm),/o^/2/i7i-, c.pl s. 
 
 terrible (horrible, cmel), katd'-lafadda, c.pl. 
 katd'jin-lafaddu. 
 
 terrible (to be cruel, to be horrible), lafaddu, 
 pres. lalafaddit, perf. alafaddu, i. lafaddi. 
 
 testify (to witness, to declare, to affirm), kiceja, 
 pres. kwe'kiceja, perf. akiceja, i. laceji, pass. 
 
 testimony (witness), kweyet, fpl. kice'yetji. 
 vide kweja. 
 
 text (writing, book), ivuret, f.pl. wurefji. 
 
 than, Krt. 
 
 than (in comparison), i (pronounced ee). 
 
 thank (pay one's debts), mbrbkin, pres. mbrokin. 
 perf. ambrbkin, i. mbrbki, pass, mbrbki. vide 
 mori'. Ex : nan mbmbrbkin do = 1 thank you. 
 
 thanks (reward, expression of t banks), mbroki. 
 vide mbrbkin. 
 
 that, Zm, f. 7n(, pi. A-/(7« (silu), f.pl. 7i!<«i( (simii). 
 
 that there, lu-ya, f. 7i»-y»,pl. kulu-ya (silu-yu), 
 f.pl. kunu-yn (sinu-yu^. 
 
 that there, nielu {nCilu, nCyla), f. ni'enit, pi. 
 siZ(( (Ictda), f.pl. s?n!( (kunu). 
 
 the, it', (a) article plural and sign also of 
 genitive ; (b) negative of durative ; (c) imper- 
 ative of ii'Vi = to give. 
 
 theft (robbery), kokolet, f.pl. kokb'letji. vide 
 kokoya. 
 
 then (soon, later), tZe (ecZe, f?erfe). 
 
 then, de(Ze. Ex : nanfofo dede — 1 am coming 
 soon. 
 
 then (later), mo, of moZ«. 
 
 there, «?/*/. 
 
 there (thither, from that place), i/i(. 
 
 there (here ; here, hither). Ex : i ^Yifc ni = 
 here on the earth ; nan Zo (na) = there I am ; /o" 
 nz = come here. 
 
 therein (inside ; into, come in), n^/t'/i. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 117 
 
 these, no. f.pl. sine (Icune). 
 
 they, se, pi. 1. and n. 
 
 thick (fat). lO'hot, f. nabot, pl.s. 
 
 thick wood (bush, copse), muku, m.pl. mukue. 
 
 thicket (darkness; danger), rxdu, m.pl. ruduij. 
 Ex : niclo nijutu akanga nge ti den rudu = this 
 man is courageous, he does not fear danger. 
 
 thief, kola nit, c.pl. kolak. vide kukoya. 
 
 thief (taker), kadumanit, c.pl. kadumak. vide 
 dumun. 
 
 thigh, niHJinet, pi. mvjin. 
 
 thin (lean), lo'sok, f. nasok, pl.s. 
 
 thin (tender), lo'min, f. namin, pl.s. 
 
 thing (matter, affair), </to?ii, f.pl. tito (tito). 
 
 thing (something, matter), ngo, f.pl.s. Ex : tf 
 nan mjo = give me something. 
 
 things, miyan, f.t. vide mi'ija. 
 
 think (to be of opinion), ynbo, pres. yuyuho, 
 perf. ayu'bo, i. 2/"&e', pass. y/o. vide yiif. 
 
 think, to (to reflect, to remember, to trust), 
 yeyeju, pres. yeye^jii, perf. ayeye'Ju, i. yeyeji, 
 pass. 2/<?2/o. 
 
 think (consider), yeye', pres. 2/e?/e, perf. ayeye, 
 i. yeyene, pass, j/ej/o. 
 
 think of, to (to remember something), toycyn, 
 pres. totoye'yu, perf. atoye'yu, i. fiyeyi'h, i^ass. 
 
 thirst, /ivn'f', m.pl. kurejin. 
 
 thirsty, ko-kure, c.pl.s. vide Avdy'. 
 
 thirteen, fuok-wod-musala . 
 
 thirty, merya-musala. 
 
 this, nif>/o (?u*, Zo), f. niena (ni, no), pi. sfloni 
 (se, lo, ni), kuloni (ku, lo, ni), f. pi. sineni (^si, 
 na, ni). luneni (ku, na, ni). 
 
 this day (to-day), lolor. vide lor. 
 
 this year (this season), lo'kinrja. vide kimja. 
 
 thistle, tuliji'lyeti, f.pl. tulyelye. 
 
 thistle, kiiiele'roti, f.pl. kalelero. 
 
 thither (there, from that place), yu. 
 
 thou, do, c.pl. ta. 
 
 thou alone, do-geleng, c.pl. ta-kade. 
 
 thou alone, do-lofeng (do-lofeng), c.pl. <«- 
 
 thought (idea), yeye'et, n.pl. yeyf''etji (yeye 'yot). 
 
 thrash (knock out, to punch with the fist), 
 Jok, pres. jojok, perf. OjO/;, i. joke, pass, jo'ka. 
 Ex : 6o?of «/o/ra = the dura is thrashed. 
 
 threaten (menace), yigga, pres. yiyi"gga,Y>eTl. 
 ayi'gga, i. l//;/!/*"', pass. yCga. 
 
 threaten (menace), yig, pres. yiyig, perf. fl^ijr, 
 i. yiije, pass, ^/f"*/"- 
 
 three, musala. 
 
 three, sd 'la (short form from musd'hi). 
 
 throat (wind-pipe), givoro, l.pl. gworolo. 
 
 throng (cruwd round), dirjo, pres. didirjo, perf. 
 ndirjo, i. dirje, pass, dr'/o. 
 
 throng (pre.ss, crowd), musuk, pres. mumxi'suk, 
 perf. amusuk, i. musuke, pass, miisifka. 
 
 throw (throw about), (ularc, iirea. guguhara, 
 perf. agubara, i. giibard, pass, gitbdji. • 
 
 throw, f/"m, pres. gugum, perf. agtim, i. gume', 
 \ ass. rjuma. 
 
 throw, giimba, pres. guginnba, perf. agiimba, i. 
 giimbi, pass, git ma. 
 
 throw away (to push), dukarn, pres. dndu'- 
 kara, perf. udukara, i. dnkard, pass, dakd'ji. 
 
 throw to the ground (to tread under foot), 
 ri/ofc, pres. ryoryok, jierf. aryok, i. ryoke, pass. 
 rt/d'A-a. 
 
 thrower (slinger), karumanit, c.pl. kcUjiTmak. 
 vide gf^^m. 
 
 thunder, ?/((/dn, n. 
 
 thunder (to roar), dikun, pres. didfkun, perf. 
 adi'kun, i. diku. 
 
 thus (just so), so-na (sometimes used instead of 
 A;o-nd). 
 
 thus (relating specially to size), </!«(, c.pl.s. 
 Ex : gwa'-nan, gwa'-do, gtcd'-ta = as big as I, 
 thou, you ; (2) with the Latin meaning 'j'Hfl, fam- 
 quam. Ex : JoA?i ;/(«« katodi'na-nit akondyn 
 nygo ? = what has John done as teacher ; (3) 
 with the suffixes lio, nio, nikang, etc. = nr;e 
 aifju rofet gwd nikang — he received a reward 
 similar to ours. 
 
 thy, kulok, suff". pl.m., f. kunok. 
 
 thy father, miCngi (niiCnyi), m.pl. kd'7nu-ngi 
 (Jw'mu-nyi). 
 
 tickle, kukudi, pres. kukudi, perf. aknkudi, i. 
 kukudine, pass, knkudila. 
 
 tickle, kukiVdija, pres. kukudija, perf. ahuku- 
 dija, i. kukndije, pass, kidudia. 
 
 tie up (to bind),^<, pres. Ji/if, perf. «/^ i. ^<e', 
 pass. ^"to. 
 
 tie (to bind), md'n, pres. momo'n, perf. amd^n, i. 
 monobe', imss. monya. 
 
 tie (to bind), ioA, pres. Zo/d'A, perf. «?oA-, i. ZoAt, 
 pass. Zd'A-a. 
 
 tie up, tore' tor. 
 
 tiger (leopard), /lOA-a, pl.f. kokajin. 
 
 tight, Id'giisn, f. nd'yusu, pi. Id'giisulak, f.pl. 
 Md'(/»SMZaA". 
 
 till (until), fe?j;/ (generally used with Ao). Ex : 
 until you come '— teng ko ddfo ; (2) to the blood 
 = teng ko rima. 
 
 time, ferok. 
 
 time, dingit, n.pl. dingi'ten. 
 
 time of heat (the whole summer), meling, m. 
 
 time of rain (and increase), f. jawe. 
 
 time (ripeness, maturity), rid, m. 
 
 times, ferok. Ex : ferok-m usdla = three times. 
 
 timid person (a coward), knjdnit, c.pl. knjdnok. 
 vide kii'jond. 
 
 tippling (carousing, intoxication), meret, f.pl. 
 
 tire (to fatigue), todd'ra, pros, totodd'ra, perf. 
 atodd'ra, i. todarane. vide d«ro. 
 
118 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 tired (weary), dani, ciil.s. 
 
 tired, n^ora. 
 
 tired, to be (to tire cue's self, to exert), dara, 
 [ires, ditdunt, ]ierf. udara, i. darani'. 
 
 to (from, Ly, for, of, under), Im-yamj Qiayawj). 
 
 to (from, by thee), lo-nnt {Id'nut). 
 
 to (liim, her ; by, from), la-mjit. 
 
 to be (to be treated, as a slave, to be bound), 
 monya, pros, momonya, perf. amdnya, i. monoji. 
 vide md'n. 
 
 toad (frog), hdohe, m.pl. lodolya. 
 
 tobacco, tdba, f.pl. fd bajin. 
 
 tobacco-pipe, ddl:, l.pl. ddlan. 
 
 tobacco-pouch, kosd, m.pl. liosoji'n. 
 
 to-day, dila. 
 
 to-day (on this day), dolor. 
 
 to-day (,this day), Wlor. 
 
 toe, morintt-'o-mdliot, pi. morin-ti-ihokot. 
 
 toe (or iinger), moi inet m.pl. morin. 
 
 togetlier (iu one place), i-firit-na-cjeleno. 
 
 token (mark, sign), Icweyet, f.pl. hice'yetji. 
 
 toll (to r:ng), _^ m', pres. jxju, perf. ajii, i. jd^f', 
 pass, j'ifld. 
 
 to-morrow, liotumd'lu. 
 
 to-morrow, mango. 
 
 tongs, liwaraQiiCara) m.pl. liu-d'ral-i (especially 
 fire-tongs). 
 
 tongue (men and auimals\ nije'dtb, m.pl. 
 n<je"defa. 
 
 to-night, Tncarei-lolnr. 
 
 tools (implements), (;elet, n.pl. (je'^letji. 
 
 tooth, kde, m.pl. Jidla. 
 
 top (head), hwe, f.pl. laijil:. 
 
 top (point, summit). _/i7(/«,f.il.j7/y(/?« (filycdun). 
 
 torch (flambeau), halyeti {halieli), f.pl. /io/^/e 
 (Ad7/e). 
 
 torment (prick), so, pres. soso, perf. as'<, i. sowe, 
 pass. f?re. 
 
 tortoise (water), renafat, (land, big) nier, 
 (small) hidvbo. 
 
 toss (shake, to quake, to tremble), winge, pres. 
 wiwi^nge, perf. aivinje, i. icinge, j ass. icinp. 
 
 totally (entirely, almost), aling, adv. vide 
 
 touch (to handle), bd, pres. bobd, perf. «?>(>', i. 
 toZe, pass, bj'lo. 
 
 touch (handle), tan, pres. tvtan, perf. ofoM, i. 
 tany/, pass, tanya. 
 
 touch slightly (to graze, to Ecratch oneself), 
 jea, pres. Je/ea, peif. ajea, i.jeani. 
 
 towards, ta (prep.). I am travelling to Africa 
 = nanjojolo ta Africa. 
 
 town (big village), tnr-duma, pi. turdn-temejih. 
 
 trade (sell), ddju, pres. ddddju, perf. adoju, i. 
 doji, pass. f?oj/o. 
 
 tradesman (merchant), hiddionit, m.c.jil. 
 kaddydk. 
 
 trap (snare), ridykdt, f.pl, r/(7//u 
 
 trap (to be caught in trap), Jo)i;/on, pre?. jq,'o?»- 
 gan, perf. ajongan, \. jongc. 
 
 travel (to go away), .,'67o, pres.„o7o (jojolo), perf. 
 ff,o7o, i.„'dldnt. videjVf/. 
 
 traveller (wanderer), kajdidnit, c.pl. ka^dldk. 
 vide _,'o/o. 
 
 tread (stump), (/r'J, pros, gtcojwd, perf. «(,wo', i. 
 gioone, pass. f;ictiV(. 
 
 tread under foot (to tlirow to tl.e ground), ryoh, 
 pres. ryoryok, perf aryok. i. ryoke, pass, ryd'ka. 
 
 treasure (wcaj on), ^/foni, f.pl. </<o. 
 
 treat (someone as a slave), mono, pre s. md'mono, 
 perf. amd'no, i. mononc, pass, monya. 
 
 treated (as a slave; to be bound), monya, pros. 
 md'monya, i)erf. amd'nya, i. mcno/i. vide md^n. 
 
 tree (in the pi. wood log.s), kdd.'ni (kodini). m.pl. 
 kaden. Ex : nCelo-kddiui lio = this tree is mine. 
 
 tremble (to shake), wfjia, pres. ?ia?i«, perf. 
 anand, i. nanane, pass, nd'na. 
 
 tremble (quake, shake, toss), idnge\ pres. 
 whcingc, perf. ainn<',e', i. winge, pass. win(,o. 
 
 tremble (shake), bondn, pres. bdbondu, i. loiide, 
 pass. lo«e. 
 
 tribe, (;»'ert, n.pl. {;ioed\jin. 
 
 tribe, kukat. 
 
 tribe (family), ^jr, m.pl. //ro/i. 
 
 trickle (to drop, to rain slightly), lilima, pres. 
 lili'ma, perf. alili'ma, i. UUmani(ofteii Used with 
 A-»d« = rain). 
 
 trip (stumble, to fall), kdfu'kd, pres. kdkdfifkd, 
 perf. akdfu'ko, i. Idfnkdni. 
 
 tripe (giblets), kayd'tani, fpl. Zcrt^d. 
 
 trouble (pain, sorrow), y)(re(, n.pl. yuretji. 
 vide yuran. 
 
 trouble (fatigue, pains). (7are<, n.pl. darttji. 
 
 trough (for food ; vessel, manger), w;,o/< (lott), 
 f.pl. moitji. 
 
 true (certain), (?/r?", c.pl.s. Ex : * >i/e?o r7?V/ = 
 that is true ; (2) sine n-atakin nan do diri = 
 what I have told you is true. 
 
 trumpet (whistle), tore, m.pl. torCot (torfyot). 
 
 trunk of elephant, kdnin-lo-tome, pi. kdni'Ji-ti- 
 tomya. 
 
 truss (bundle). Ule, f.pl. Ute'i Qiteki). Ex : lite 
 na dent = a tiuss of grass. 
 
 trust (think, reflect, remember), yeyeju, pres. 
 yeypjii, perf. ayeye'ju, i. yeye,'i, pass. j/^'J'"- 
 
 try, mor, pres. mdmdr, perf. amor, i. ni6V?, pass. 
 more. 
 
 tuft (also the end of a cow's tail which is worn 
 as ornament on the arm), bini, n.pl. binyat. 
 
 tuft (of hair), didi, l.i 1. dulya. 
 
 tuft (of bair; head-dress of feathers), loguya, 
 m.pl. logiiyd'lan. 
 
 tumble (overturn, to fall, to sink), doro, prts. 
 f?0(/oVo, 1 erf. ado'ro,i. dorone'. Speaking of the 
 sun and moon ro undergoes reduplication. Ex: 
 koloH iyafa) adu'roro = the sun (the moon) has set. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 119 
 
 tumble, rwulu'iujedn, pres. (jwu(jivulun[;edii, 
 1 erf, agwuJu'ngedii, i. gtoulungedi. 
 
 turf (plot of grass), gwura, l.pl. fjuurncu 
 
 turn (spin), tviwijo, pres. iciwi^o, perf. awiicfo, 
 i. iclwijo, pass, iciwyo. 
 
 turn about (to return), Zo/^Ji-, pres. loJSftdi, perf. 
 aJofdk, i. lofuhe, pass, lofuho. 
 
 turn back (to return), j/Z/o, pres. yiyitS, perf. 
 ayitd, i. yitone. vide j/i/j/e. 
 
 turn round (to rotate), trjcZ, pres. iciwid, perf. 
 rtjo/d, i. tD('<e, 1 ass. wi'to. 
 
 turtles (big ones), ?i(/!/er (nkr), f pi. nrjyerjin 
 (nierjin). 
 
 tusks (of elephants ; ivory), kele-lo-tome, pi. 
 kala-ti-iome (also kala-ti-tomya). 
 
 twelve, fiidk-wod-mure"k. 
 
 twenty, merya-mnrek. 
 
 twenty-one, merya -mu rek-ivod-gelenj. 
 
 twig (little branch), kene-nadit, i-l. kenya- 
 nadidik, 
 
 twigs (branches of an elastic nature used as 
 rope), fa tali. 
 
 twilight (the earth becomes dark), kak-gice- 
 'tnui se. 
 
 twilight (to get dark), fomnko, pres. sosomukd, 
 perf. asomuko, i. somnkoai. 
 
 twin, knruduet, c.pl.s. • 
 
 twins, lukurdu. 
 
 two, Sri 
 
 two, mure'k, mvre'ke (lit. a pair, or couple). 
 
 two colours, lo'heke, f. nd'heke, pl.s. 
 
 U 
 
 understand (to know), den, pres. (Zerfen, perf. 
 ffcZe)), i. dene, pass. de''na. 
 undo, lago. 
 
 undress (to take off; dress), rusun, pres. ru- 
 rusKu, perf arusun, i. rw.sM, pass. rume. 
 undressed (naked), lango, c.pl. Id'ngoki. 
 uneven (rough), liTngayol;, f. ncCngayok, pl.s. 
 unfriendliness (unkiudncss), ngonyet, f.pl. 
 ngonyetji. 
 
 ^ unfriendly (to despise), ngonyo, pres. njo-njonyn, 
 • perf a-ngoiiyo (ci-ngo-ngonyo), 1. ngo-nyoni. 
 j unicorn (rhinoceros), /(*w//, m.pl. mnyjun. 
 I union (community; the coming together in 
 peace), mv'ref, f. 
 
 ' unit, a (alone, singly), geleng, c.pl. AacZe. 
 j unite (to join, to assemble, to collect together), 
 ' fefenun, pres./e/e"nw7i, perf. a/efe'^nun, i. fefemi, 
 I pass. /e/'e'wife. 
 unkindness (unfriendliness), njonyet, fpl. 
 ngd'nyetJL 
 unripe (row), Id'don, f nadon, pi. Jodok, f.pl. 
 
 upon (above), /.•«', f.t. 
 
 upper air (air liigh up), kohungot-na-ki (also 
 kojumot-na-ki). 
 
 urgent, mmerum. 
 
 urinate (to pass water), knla, pres. kiikula, 
 perf. akula, i. knlaiii. 
 
 urine, kola. 
 
 urine (of animals), ZocZe, f.t. 
 
 use (to make use of), ge'i, pres. gegei, perf. age'i, 
 i. (/e?, jiass. gelari. 
 
 use (habit, custom, family, tribe), gwea, n.pl. 
 
 " utmost, to the, lenj, pres. hleng, perf. aleng, 
 I. lenge (lenggi"), pass, ifenja. 
 
 udder (dug),/-;?*?/'//,-, f pl./fHi^/'f/iff (also kinastn, 
 pi. of kinat). 
 
 ulcer, gicutet. 
 
 unable (not to be able), ti'buli!, pres. Whulo, 
 perf akd'hulo. vide fcx/o. 
 
 unbind (to kosen — to free), luk, pres. lalak, perf. 
 a?a/.-, i. lake', pass. ?d'/.T(. 
 
 uncle (mother's brother), mand'nye, m.pl. 
 mand'iiyejm. 
 
 uncle (father's brother), nuVnya, m.pl. md'nyajin. 
 
 uncut (blunt), Id'tun, f. nd'ticn, pl.s. Ex : 
 walelio Id'tun {aldHiin) = my knife is blunt; 
 gdW nio nd'tun (ana tun) = my lance is not 
 sharp. 
 
 undaunted (to risk danger, to run great risks), 
 iviyo, pres. iciwiyo, perf. awCyo, i. loiyenih. 
 
 under, i-kak. 
 
 under (down, in the deep), kak, f. 
 
 under (of, to, from, by, for), kayang (ka-yang). 
 
 under (among, beneath, below),' lukak, adv. 
 and prep. 
 
 V 
 
 vain (idle), kana, c.pl.s. 
 
 vain, to be (to be proud), dudungga, pres. dn- 
 diingga, perf udiidungga, i. dudungge'. 
 
 vainly (in vain), kan<(. 
 
 vapour (fog, steam), lur}/, m.pl.s. 
 
 vein (artery), muritdni, m pi. mnrild. 
 
 vengeance (to revenge oneself, to return a 
 blow), rofakin, pres. roroyakin, perf. ardyakin. 
 i. rofakih, pass, rofaki. vide rob. 
 
 verdant (to be green), ngeman, i>res. nge- 
 nge'^man, perf a-nge'man, i. ngeme'. 
 
 very (right, good), hura Qjurd), adv. Some- 
 times used as adjective, c.pl.s. 
 
 very often (often, always; for ever, eternity). 
 ug}if(. 
 ' vessel (pot), Infunlt, m.pl. hi/unikd. 
 
120 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY, 
 
 vessel (for footl, trough, manger), nijoit, f.pl. 
 nySitji. 
 
 vex (annoy, to bother, to be concerned), durju. 
 pros, dddarjii, perf. adurjn, i. darje. vide dar«. 
 
 victor (conqueror), kute'lanit, c.pl. hitelak. 
 vide teya. 
 
 view (contemplation), diret, n.pl. dfretji. 
 
 view (look, aspect), 7) efe^, f.pl. me'tetjL vide met. 
 
 view (to see, to look), hidi, pres. liu'lmdi, perf. 
 alxti di, i. Icndie, pass. kudfJo. 
 
 view (from tliis point of view), kodije (Ifodiji), 
 c.pl.s. vide dij'e. 
 
 vigilance (waking, watchfulness), kicelit, f. 
 
 vigour (force, strength), tukawjan, f.pl. <)(/;«"- 
 
 village (parish), kadCJik, n. 
 
 village, ^'r, m.pl. <(noH. 
 
 village (near Gondokoro), kofd'jur (kofdjur). 
 
 vine, wrild, lorerejti, m.pl. lorerek. 
 
 viper, black, 7iv7((n, f pi. ki'tuton. 
 
 virile (also term of abuse), lnji. 
 
 visit (visiting), yoUt, n.pl. yolitji. vide i/o?/;;. 
 
 visit, to, 2/02/H, pres. yoyogu, perf. ayoyu, i. yoi', 
 pass. ?/67o. 
 
 visiting (visit), ?,'67i7, n.pl. yolitji. vide ?/6?/h. 
 
 visitor, kayulonit, c.pl. kayolok. vide t/oy^. 
 
 voice, roro, m.j^l. roroh. 
 
 vomit (to be sick), Ja, pres. Jfljo, perf. aja, 
 i. _/fl?u'. 
 
 vomit (to make sick), tiija, pres. ttduja, perf. 
 
 vulture (eagle), laijulHsejii (h(htduse7n), m.pl. 
 
 W 
 
 wages (payment, reward), rofet, f.pl. rofttji. 
 wag-tail, luhVdyet, f.pl. lidudyetjin. D. 
 
 wail for (to wait, to expect), irdn-hi, pres. mo- 
 mondit, perf. . amondii, i. mbndi (nionC), pass. 
 mono. Es : d^A:a ngote'-nio montomo = my 
 mother is expected to-day. 
 
 waist (body, stomach), vj u'(jnnya {mOjOn), f pi. 
 herik. vide nnujnn. 
 
 waist-band, honji^o-fitet (hongcjo-na-Jitet), pi. 
 hon(i(iiidf-fitet. 
 
 w^ait (expect), ?) o«, pr^s. nombn, perf. anon, 
 i. nom, pass, rnonb. 
 
 wait (wait for, to expect), n.ondu, pres. mo- 
 mondx, }>erf. rny owd*/, i. mondt (n bni). pass. uono. 
 
 wait for (lurk), r^/w, pres. ruriffii, perf. arufn, 
 i. rxfunih, pass. ?-m/». Ex : I shall wait till the 
 hare comes = ?i«?i riirufit teng ko h'^kito fo. 
 
 •wait upon someone (to serve), todnfyen, pres. 
 iotodufyen, jitrf. atodufytn, i. todiifyene, pass. 
 todiifoe'uo. 
 
 w^ake (to awake, to rouse), to'nfjien, pres. 
 toton,ien, perf. ato^ngien, i. totd'ngine. vide 
 
 wake (to watch, not to be sleepy), ku-eli, pres. 
 kwc'kiveli, perf. akwe'li, i. ktceline. 
 waking (vigilance, watchfulness), kiceJit, f. 
 
 walk (wander, ramble), towZa, pres. icoko'Io, 
 perf. aicd'la, i. iccdani'h. 
 
 w^alk (to take a walk), wald'ji, pres. iDcnmld'ji, 
 perf. (dvidd'Ji, i. toalajine. 
 
 wall (rampart), gorom, n.pl. gu'romn. 
 
 wander (to walk, to ramble), i(;«Z<(, pres. ica- 
 icala, perf. aicdUa, i. walani'li. 
 
 wanderer (traveller), kajdlonit, c.pl. kajolok. 
 y\de J olo. 
 
 want (will, wish), c?e/i-, pres. dede'k, perf. flde'A-, 
 i. de^'e, pass, dc'lui. 
 
 want, not to (not willing), ti^hen, defect, verb. 
 
 war, Ao, f.]'!. /,q;'/«. 
 
 warm, /ty?/.-, c.pl.s. 
 
 ■warrior (combatant), Afu; 6Vo)n7, m.pl. kamorok. 
 vide iHoro. 
 
 •wash, ?rt?o,pres. ZaZo, perf. alula, i. lalaji, pass. 
 
 •wash (to baptise), lald'Jii, pres. luld'ju, perf. 
 alald'JH, i. lalaji, pass. Za7a (lala'ri). 
 
 •washing, lalaet, f.pl. lald'etji. 
 
 •waste (profusion), kdri't, f.pl. korftji, vide 
 /.•or. 
 
 •waste, to (to squander), tiikar, pres. tvtukav, 
 perf. aiukar, i. tidcare, pass, tukd'ra. 
 
 •watch (to wake, not to be sleepy), kiveli, pres. 
 kwe'kiceli, perf. akwe'Hi, i. kweline. 
 
 watchful (vigilant), 7 *?//(, pi. tiyitji. 
 
 watchfulness (waking, vigilance), kwelit, f. 
 kiceli. 
 
 •watchman (guard), kakive'lianit, c.\A. kakicc- 
 liak. 
 
 •watchman (guard), i/j/i^, pi. tiyitji. 
 
 water, ^om, f. vide ^o»(fo<. D.Jik. 
 
 •water (to drink), mo/;/, pres. momoju, perf. 
 amojn, i. iJio^Y, pass, md'ta. 
 
 •water, rw, pres. r»rM, perf. oru, i. rHne, pass. 
 ruyu. 
 
 water (to moisten), fok, pres. fofok, perf. fl/oA, 
 i. foke, pass. foka. ... . 
 
 water (to soak), tnmaddu, pres. tutiifHaddn . 
 perf. atmnaddu, i. tumaddih, pass, tumd'ta. vide 
 tomat and ?i qyV*. 
 
 •water (to moisten), rH,/t?, pros, riinfju, perf 
 (infjii, i. rtijih, pass. ruyu. vide rw. 
 
 •water (to soak), tomat, pres. totomaf, perf. 
 atomat, i. tomate, pass, tomd'ta. vide ?i qy'». 
 
 •water-pot, safe-la-fiom, pi. safya-ti-fiom. 
 
 ■wax, S!(6j, n.pl. sii'bio. 
 
 ■way out (issue, conclusion), (Z((fef, n.pl. c7«"- 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 121 
 
 waylay (a cjirl ; fo steal upon, to surprise a wild 
 unimal), domha, pres. dodomba, jierf. adomba, 
 i. dontln'. pass, do' ma. 
 
 weak (soft, tender), lomimyan, f. vamunyan, 
 jil. lii'minujah, f.pl. namnnyah. 
 
 weak (to become weak, feeble), doddya, pres. 
 ilodoyya, perf adoddya, i. doddc'. 
 
 weak, ZosoA-. 
 
 weaken (to enfeeble), tomini, pres. totomnn, 
 perf. atomiin, i. tomnny^, pass, tomniiya. 
 
 weakness (infirmity), tomimyet, f.pl. tonni- 
 nyetji. 
 
 weapon (treasure), titoni, f.pl. ^/to. 
 
 weary (tired), cZwra, c.pl.s. 
 
 wedding (especially the celebration of a 
 wedding ; amusement), biidii, l.pl. budiiJon. 
 
 weed, lyd'hetat, m.pl. lyd'be. 
 
 weed, to, boja, pres. bo'hoja, p.erf. aba Jo, i. 6oi', 
 jiass. 60 V'. 
 
 weed, to, wo/'o, pres. icoicoja, perf. aicd'ja, 
 i. tvoji'h, pass, ico'o. 
 
 week (seven), burioh or bvryol;. 
 
 weep (to be compassionate, tender-hearted), 
 nyiinyii'ri, pres. nyutnjuri, perf. anyvvyuri. 
 i. nynnyiiriiie. 
 
 weeping (mercy, compassion), nyxmyuret, f. 
 
 weight, tojone. 
 
 ■welcome (salutation, greeting), romet, f.pl. 
 
 well (good), r/r/, adv. Can only be used in 
 conjunction with ?no?i = moriri, to smell good. 
 
 well (spring), l;fdi, m.pl. IcCdiu Qddya). 
 
 well, allobiit, adj. 
 
 west, ;fo7«. f. 
 
 west, jc6^(, f. vide iiolti. 
 
 west, JiifeUe. 
 
 wet (damp), lo'iiyn, f. nauyn, pl.s. Ex : W 
 (inainjn liotyatvi ■= in the evening the air is dampi. 
 
 what, i"»;',o (Cnio). Ex: do d'ngesu i'mjo 
 (inio) = what hast thou eaten ? 
 
 what (why ?), wiyo (tiyo). Ex : ?(( ntin do nyo 
 (n<iyo)? = what has he given you? — do ahifo 
 tiijyo (nyo) 1 = why did you not come? 
 
 what sort of, nd'n (short form of «;/« ««). vide 
 hi'n. 
 
 wheat (a small-grained species; the Aiab 
 clukn), hitrejati. m.pl. Imreja. 
 
 when, nann (naiui). Ex: dofofona'nu9 = vfhen 
 are you coming ? 
 
 when (then, as, after), no, conj. 
 
 when (for this reason, on that account), ho-na. 
 
 w^hence, yd. 
 
 where, 1yd, f. n'yd, pi. TiiiVyd, f.pl. Icnn-ya. 
 
 ■where (where from), yd. 
 
 where to. dd. Ex : dd'tn dn ? = where arc you 
 going ? 
 
 •whereby (wherewith, whereon, with what), 
 l-o-iviyo. 
 
 ■whereon (wherewith, whereby, with what), 
 ho-mjyo. 
 
 where^with (whereby, whereon, with what), 
 ho-ngyo. 
 
 whetstone, ./w'ef, f.yA.juetJi. vide/«. 
 
 ■which (who), rKju'lo, f. mja'na, \A. lio-nrjd'lo, 
 f.pl. ko-n(id''na. 
 
 ■which, Id'n, f. nd'n, pi. luTlon, f.pl. J:u'n6n. 
 
 which (during'; literally in going), i-tu. 
 
 ^whip, lau, f.pl. kauki. 
 
 ■whistle (trumpet), tore, m.pl. tori^ot (toryof). 
 
 •whistle, fifi'uga, pres. fifinga, perf. afifC- 
 uga, i. flfii'ije. 
 
 ■whistle, kioekwedja. 
 
 w^hite (pure, holy), lo'ktoe, f. nd''lnpe, pl.s. vide 
 Jd'he. 
 
 ■white ant, hohfrotot, m.pl. Jwli'ro. 
 
 white ibis, runsaJi, f.j 1. runsahan. 
 
 ■who (which), n'jd''lo, f. nijana, pi. Ico^-ri'^alo, 
 f.pl. ko-ngd'na. 
 
 •who (he who), ngd. Ex : ni;d ahon sona ? = " 
 who has acted so ? — nr;d' Im su'd h" wje ying = 
 he who has ears to hear, let him hear. 
 
 •whom, to, ati'nga. 
 
 w^hom, to (whose), anfnga (a-na-nga). 
 
 •whom, to (whose), ali'wja (n-Io-nga). 
 
 whore, to (to commit adultery), dingga, pres. 
 didingga, perf. adingga, i. negative, ho dingga. 
 
 whose (to whom), ali^nga (a-lo nga). 
 
 •whose (to whom), am nga {a-nanga). 
 
 •whose, atCngo. 
 
 why (what),'n;/?/o. Ex : do aMfo ngyo ? = why 
 did you not come ? — hi atin do nijo ? = what has 
 he given you ? 
 
 wicked (evil, bad), lonjon, f. nangon, pl.s. 
 
 wicked (bad), Id'ron, f. nd'Ton, pi. lo'roTi, f.pl. 
 narok. 
 
 wicked sorcerer, dcmanot, cpl. demdk. cf. 
 hiCnit. 
 
 widow, li'kijo, f.pl. likijd'Jin. 
 
 •wife (woman, girl), nakwan, f.pl. icdte. 
 
 wild animal, riionyityo, f.pl. monyok. 
 
 wild olive tree, kidu'ngeri, m.\A. kulnrong. 
 
 wild rice, kiilu'jite, m.pl. luhi'ji. 
 
 wild vine, loreregfi, m.pl. lorerek. 
 
 wilderness (desert), U-'rere, f pi. tere'ryat. 
 
 will (heart, mind), tounli, m.pl. towi'lyef. 
 
 will, to (to wish, only with the negative 
 
 particle used as root), ben. vide ti'ben. 
 
 will (wish), deket, n.pl. delcetji. vide dek. 
 
 will (wish), dekan, n. vide dek. 
 
 Will (wish, to want), dek, pres. dede'k, perf. 
 
 adck, i. c7t7if', pass, iie'^ka. 
 
 will come to pass (to stay, to remain), give, 
 
 pres. </n-e*/?(v', perf. agve, i. gwe'. cf. gu-on. 
 willing not (not to want), ti'ben, deft. 
 
 verb. 
 
 willingly (self), hfeng, c.\ 1. lofe-ngaf. 
 
122 
 
 ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 ■wind (air), lohiin'_,ul (hoijumot), f.pl. Jiobiin[,dtji 
 
 (].S:lHml)tJi). 
 
 ■wind from east (morning vrind), hohuru^dt-na- 
 Tioynre. 
 
 •wind from north, lohrnot (l.d,uii.ot) nalold. 
 
 wind-pipe (lliiout). iicoro, l.pl. ijicorolo. 
 
 ■wind (to wind in}, doh, \ res. doddle, perf. adoh, 
 i. ddke, 1 ass. doho. 
 
 wing, Idfuhoni, f.pl. 1 ofiilon. 
 
 wink (to nod), hu-eddyn, prea. Jncelcweddya, 
 perf. ahiceddya, 1. kweddi, pass. lace'Ha. 
 
 ■wipe (sweej)), se, pres. sese, perf. ase, -i. sejie, 
 pass. «e?/((. 
 
 wish (will), del-an, n. vide c?eA-. 
 
 wish (will), de];tt, ilj 1. del;et',i. vide de/;. 
 
 •wish, to (to -will, ouly witli the negative 
 particle used as lOot), hen. vide When. 
 
 wish (to ■will, to want), deh, \ res. dede'k, perf. 
 ade'^k, i. deke, j ass. de'ka. 
 
 ■witchcraft (to use), tohunvn, ires, totobunun, 
 perf. atobunun, i. tobununih (iohunih). vide 
 
 with, Ao. 
 
 with ■what (wherewith, whereby, whereon), 
 A"0-w; yo (ko-nio). 
 
 with words, kulya'jin, pi. kulyatat. 
 
 ■wither (to dry, to make dry up), foroddu, pres. 
 totoro'^du, perf. atoroddu, i. toroddi h, pass, toro'to. 
 
 wither (dry uji), roddu, pres. roroddu, perf. 
 aroddu, i. roddih. Ex : )H"e?o lodini koni'fo ain. 
 nge aroddu = this tree has no leaves, it is 
 withered. 
 
 ■wither (to dry up, to die), toatuan, pro. 
 totoatuan, i erf. atoctnan. 
 
 witness, kakwe'yanit, cj 1. kakwc'yak. vide 
 /aoeA'/?!. 
 
 witness (testimony), kiceyet, f.pl. kwe''yetji. 
 vide kiveja. 
 
 witness (to affirm, to give testimony, to 
 declare), kweja, pres. kwelnveja, i erf alwe''ja, 
 1. kicejt, pass. kioe'Ja. 
 
 witness for another (to give evidence; to 
 remind), AiceA?'H, pres. kioe'lncekin, perf. akwe'lmi, 
 i. ku'tki, pass, kiceki. 
 
 wolf (black in colour), diV/iY, l.pl. di'i;Uon. 
 
 woman (wife, girl), nakwan, f.pl. tca^e. 
 
 woman in child-bed, kayuti, f.pl. kd'yot. 
 
 woman in labour, kayunguenit, f.pl. kayunr,uek 
 (J;ayun[,uejirt'). vide ymujue. 
 
 woman ■who is pregnant, karidya (JiarCdia), 
 f.pl. karidyak {karCdiak). 
 
 woman with a tongue, <of/?/. 
 
 womb (birth, delivery), yiaujuet, n. 
 
 wonder (somtthing big), ngo-duma, fpl. ngo- 
 t^ii ejik. 
 
 wood (log, tree), kodini, pi. kaden. 
 
 wood (for fuel, logs, for the fire), kaden-ti- 
 kimang. 
 
 wood (forest), yobu (yohu), n.jd. yohu'dt. 
 
 V700er (suitor), kayv'yiiauif, c.pl. kayd'ynak. 
 vide yoyd'ja. 
 
 word, kulyatat, f.pl. Ttulyajin. vide kulya. 
 
 work, kitar. vide kita. 
 
 work (work in wood, to carpenter), keha, pres. 
 ke'keha, perf. al.€ha, i. kebi, pass. Ae/a. 
 
 w^orkman (labourer), kakftanit, c.pl. kakitak. 
 vide A/to. 
 
 ■worm, kurutet, \A. kuru. 
 
 ■worn out (old), ngorokd'tyo, c.i>l. n<jord'ko. 
 
 worry (fret), <0!/»r, pres. totoyur, perf. atoyur, 
 i. toyure', pass, toyura. 
 
 worship (pray), wawdw, pres. toatcandft, perf. 
 aicandii, i. wandCh. 
 
 worthy (big, to merit, deserving), karudya, 
 pres. lakarudya, perf. akarudya, i. karudye. 
 
 ■worthy, to be (to serve, to inherit), rndya. 
 pres. rurudya, perf. arudya, i. rudye'. 
 
 worthy, to make, tokarudya, pres. totokarudya, 
 perf atokarudya, i. tokarudye, pass, tokaruta. 
 
 wound, Aii, pres, A?(Am, perf. oAm, i. fc««e; pass. 
 AiOigfM. 
 
 wound (hurt), (?/Aa, n.pl. dikala (also cZ/Aa- 
 
 ./«")• 
 ■wound (to hurt), kdt, pres. A6"A6Y, perf. alM, 
 
 i. /.o/f, pass. A67o. 
 
 wrangler (robber, disputant), kariakanit, c.pl 
 kitriakak. vide riagu. 
 
 wrap up, ngifdu, pres. ngu-ngiCda, perf. 
 a-n[,u'dii, i. ngudide, pass, ngudula. 
 
 ■wrap up something, ngudulakin, pres. ngu- 
 ngil\lulakin, perf. a-nrudulakin, i, nguduluki, 
 pass. n[,udidaki. vide w^udu. 
 
 wrath, ?coref. see " anger, alteration." 
 
 wrathful (angry ; courageous, powerful, strong^, 
 kanrd, c.pl. kanga'jin. 
 
 ■wreath (crown, crest), ?(re<, f.pl. urttji. 
 
 write (draw, to scratch), M^wr, pres. wmcur, 
 perf. ou'i(r (ffjfr), i. wure', pass, trifro (urd). 
 
 write for another (to write down, to enter, to 
 register), u-u'rokin, pres. wiiuurdkin, perf. 
 atru'rokin, i. tcurdki'h, pass, iiuroki. 
 
 write down (to enter, to register), uurokin, 
 pres. iciiinirdkin, perf. aiiu'rokin, i. wurdki'h, 
 \ ass. uuwlii. 
 
 ■writer (designer), kaxtrdnit {kau'iironif), c.\A. 
 kaurdk (liawu'rSk). vide lOfrr. 
 
 writing (text, book), icuret, f.pl. wifretji. 
 
 written, aivuro or aii'ro. 
 
 wrong (sin, slander), tord'nyet, f.pl. tord'nyetji. 
 vide toron. 
 
 wrong (not right), ra6af (aj-a^atX c.pl.s. Ex : 
 niVZo rakff = that is not right, also adverb. 
 
 ■wrong, arahat (rahat), adv. Ex: uayj aicur 
 arahat = I have written it wrongly. 
 
ENGLISH-BARI VOCABULARY. 
 
 123 
 
 yawn (to gape), yama, pres. yayama, perf. 
 ayd'ma, i. yaniane. Ex : yayd^ma ngufC ngo? = 
 why are you always yawning ? 
 
 yawning', yamet, n.pl. yametji. vide yama. 
 
 year, Idntiu. 
 
 yell (howl), gicoju, pres. (jiidgivoju, perf. aipoju, 
 i. gtcSji. 
 
 yellow, h'forong, f. nd'forong, c.pl.s. 
 
 yes, inAe. 
 
 yes, in-hoi, 
 
 yesterday, /iryV, adv. (also Myje). 
 
 yet (however, nevertheless), n*/?'. 
 
 yet (still), ngu. 
 
 yet (still), lerii. Ex : giioe Zer» IS yd — stay a 
 little longer with me. 
 
 yield (pardon), Jltun, pres. fifitun, perf. afitun, 
 i.fiiu, \)a,ss. Jitue. 
 
 you (suffix), nd'nyet. 
 
 you all (quiet, still), ta-liw;, c.]il.s. Ex : be 
 quiet = give'td'ling (giccta ta-ling), 
 
 young, titunti, m.pl. teton. 
 
 young cattle, yidin, pi. of line. 
 
 young male (of cattle, shtep, goats, etc.), 
 Iv'fijtjot, m.pl. lofijyoli. Ex : Jofijyot lo me'^etyo 
 = the buck. 
 
 young man, lii'satyo, m.pl. lii^salc. 
 
 young woman, dyet (yet^, n.i 1. lodyji (hodysi). 
 
 your, fa , plural of do; ta is also suffix of 2nd 
 pers. pi. 
 
 youth (a young man), hfsatyo, m.pl. lu'salc. 
 
BAEI-ENGLISH VOCABULAEY. 
 
 a (a) Interjection, expression of pain — Oh ! 
 Oh my ! (?/) Verb (copula) in the Present 
 Tense, (c) Verbal prefix ending in " a " having 
 the meaning has or is. (d) Preposition : Ex : 
 a do woicngon = I am calling to you. (e) Sign 
 of the vocative (rare). Ex : a Baba = O Father ! 
 
 aa, no, on no account, cf. ah, an, a'in. 
 
 aburi, n.pl. ahifriet (ciburijet), the little gazelle 
 •with almost straight horns. 
 
 abiisan, c.pl.s. right, just, good, vide hnsan. 
 
 ada, how. 
 
 agi, yet, however, nevertheless. 
 
 agile, sick, ill. 
 
 ai'n (bain), not, nothing. 
 
 ai'ri {d'iri), really. 
 
 aj6k, l.pl. ajd'hau, Satan. 
 
 ajuo, c.pl.s. sharp, polished. 
 
 ak, no, not. 
 
 aka, adv. probable, seeming. Ex: nje dodd'to 
 aha = he pretends to be asleep. 
 
 ako-ngu, almo.st, not yet, scarcely. 
 
 akomosi'kan, c.pl.s. lying opposite, opposite, in 
 sight, vide homong. 
 
 akii'kuon, adv. public, vide huon. 
 
 ala'ng (bald'ng), n.pl. alangin, salt. 
 
 ale'le, c.pl. ale'lya, bald (literally, like stone). 
 Ex : hive inot ale'le nijyo ? = why is your head 
 bald ? vide le'le. 
 
 aling, adv. totally, entirely, almost, vide Unj. 
 
 alinga, whose, to whom (a-lo-nga). 
 
 alite, adv. in bundles or parcels, vide lite. 
 
 alobut, adj. well. 
 
 alofir, fat. 
 
 alokidir (alohidfr), adv. backwards, back, from 
 behind, vide hidfr. 
 
 alongga (alonggd), round, around (really verb 
 longga, to surround, to circle). 
 
 aluon, adv. secret, private, vide hton. 
 
 aluta'ten, to the right, on the right, vide 
 luon. 
 
 ama, but, only (stands always at the beginning 
 of the sentence). 
 
 ame'rete, on the side, sideways. Ex : am^'rete 
 nio = on my side. 
 
 amona, guilty. 
 
 an, not. Ex : nd'n an, ama do — not I, but 
 you. 
 
 ang (bang), l.pl. angin (bangin), court-yard. 
 
 ani'nga, wl\ose, to whom (a-na-nga). 
 
 anyan, (1) in order that, so that ; (2) in order 
 that we (they). Before imperat. Ist and 3rd. 
 pers. pi. 
 
 arabat (rabal), adv. wrong. Ex : nan awur 
 arabat = I have written it wrong. 
 
 ari'ma, c.pl.s. bloody. Ex : Do arCma = you 
 have blood on you. 
 
 asonok (wasonoh), n.pl. asouoha (asonohi), 
 cousin, relative. 
 
 asut, never (forming with the negative and the 
 verb a strong negation). 
 
 ati'nga, whose, to whom (a-tl-nga). 
 
 atwon, corpse. 
 
 aulue, chosen. 
 
 aii'ro (awil'ro), written. 
 
 awu'ro (aurd), written. 
 
 B 
 
 ba (baba), l.pl. ho'buha, fiithcr (also used as a 
 title of honour). 
 
 baba'gu, pres. babd'gu, perf. ahabd^gu, i. babagi', 
 to fill, to fill up, to store. 
 
 bagwet, pi. bagweija, cat. 
 
 bai'-in, absent. 
 
126 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 bain, not. vide aln. 
 
 baka (seldom aka), pres. hahaha, perf. 
 ahcVlia, i. halcani, (1) to have fiuisliCil; (2) to 
 cease. 
 
 baka'yet Qialaijet), n. the end. vide baka. 
 
 bala'ng. vide alang. suit. 
 
 balume, pi. hahimeM, arrowhead (also razor). 
 
 bamm, c.pl.s. dirty, filthy. 
 
 bamm, pres. bnhnmm, perf. ahamm, i. hamm€, 
 pass, ha ma, to be dirty, to be filthy. 
 
 bang, l.pl. h.mgin. vide ang, court-yard. 
 
 bang, n.pl. hangin, sterile, barren (of men and 
 animals). 
 
 bangat, sugar-cane. 
 
 bar, l.pl. bara. river. Ex : bar haharandu = 
 the river is in flood. 
 
 ba'randu, overflow. 
 
 ba'rara, pres. bahcCrara, perf. ahd'rara, i. 
 harard, pass. barard'Ji, to fetch, to call for. 
 
 barata (also beU), fish". 
 
 bari'ndu, pres. babari'ndu, perf. aharfnda, i. 
 barindi, pass, barintl, to shear, to shave. 
 
 be, pres. beb^, perf. a'>^, i. bel€, pass, be'la, 
 (1) to reflect upon; (2) to long for; (3) to be 
 greedy. 
 
 begu, pres. be'begu, perf. abe'gu, i. begi, pass. 
 beko, to ram into, vide bek. 
 
 bek, pres. bebek, perf. abek, i. hek^, pass, beko, 
 (1) to beat, to strike, to drive in ; (2) to fasten, 
 to nail. 
 
 beket, n.pl. be'ketji, (1) the fixing, the fasten- 
 ing ; (2) the blow. 
 
 bele (also barata), fish. 
 
 bele, c.pl. belya, greedy, envious, vide t^ 
 
 beleng, pres: bebe'leng, perf. abe'leng, i. beleng^, 
 X^ass. bele7igo, to break. 
 
 belet, n. greed, avarice, envy, vide be. 
 
 bemuk, maize. 
 
 ben, to wish, to will (only used as root with the 
 negative particle), vide iiben. 
 
 berigo (mushenje), marrow vegetable. 
 
 berik, pi. of mnqun (jnojon), stomach, body, 
 belly. 
 
 beron (i-beron'), before, fore, sooner. 
 
 bi, pres. bihi, perf. abi, i. bije. pass, bi^a (ahiya), 
 to suck (suck), cf. biun. 
 
 bi'a, more, better. 
 
 bia'ju, pres. bibid'Ju, perf. abid'ju, i. biajt, pass. 
 bCa ibfyd), to recover, vide bia. 
 
 bibi, l.pl. bi'bio (bihijS), beetle. 
 
 bibita, lashes. 
 
 bi'et, n.pl. bi'etji, (1) kissing ; (2) kiss, vide 
 bi and biim. 
 
 bi'et (bi^yef), n. health, vide hi"a. 
 
 bija (bijya), pres. bibija, perf. abfja, i. bije, 
 pass. bCa (JbCya), to suck, vide bi. 
 
 bilan, i>res. bibilan, perf. aJbClan, i. hile, to bud 
 (of trees), cf. unhin. 
 
 biling, iiarrjt. 
 
 bini, n.jil. binyat, tassel, tuft (also the end of a 
 cow's tail which is worn as an ornament on the 
 arm). 
 
 binikin, sit. 
 
 bi'rue, c.pl.s. swooning, fainting, half-dead. 
 
 bi'rue, pres. bibfrue, perf. ahfrne, i. blruene, to 
 be half-dead from fright, to faint. 
 
 biryo, pres. bibiryo, jierf. ablryS, i. biryoni, to 
 play (like children). 
 
 biryori, pres. 6/Mr(/o;-i,. perf. abiryori, i. biryori, 
 to caress, to fondle. 
 
 biso, l.pl. bisd'lon, a pane of glass, target. 
 
 bit, pres. bibi't, perf. abi^t, i. bite, pass, biid, to 
 beat, to scourge, to lash. cf. but. 
 
 bita (bitet), flogging. 
 
 bitet, n.pl. bitetji, fishing-hook, vide itet. 
 
 biun, pres. bi'biun, perf abi'nn, i. bc'u, pass. 
 I bi'iie, to kiss. cf. bC. 
 
 biundya, pres. bibiundya, perf. abiundya, i. 
 biundye', pass, bi^te, to kiss, vide biun. 
 
 bo, pres. Jjoh i, perf. ahd, i. bole', pass, bflo, to 
 touch, to handle. 
 
 bobo'lija, pres. bobflija, perf. aboholija, i. 
 bihoUne, pass, bibdlia, to make laugh (i.e. 
 by tickling), vide bo. 
 
 bobot (bobod), pres. bobot, perf. abobot, i. bobote', 
 pass. fcoJ) *'ta, to smear (with colour, blood). 
 
 bode, sentinel. 
 
 bodo, c.pl. bodudl, (1) clever, able; (2) 
 mechanic. 
 
 boga, pres. boboga, perf. aboja, i. bogf, to grave, 
 to dig. 
 
 boja, pres. boboja, perf. abj'ja, i. bo'i, pass. b6\i, 
 to weed. 
 
 bok, pres. hobok, perf. ahok, i. 6o/ie, pass. 6o"/ia, 
 to dig, to bury. 
 
 bokhana, empty. 
 
 bokodo, ladies' fingers (bamia). 
 
 bokotio, c.pl. bokojfn, sprout, shoot, offspring. 
 
 bolod, flour. 
 
 bongga, pres. btfbonjga, perf. abungga, i. 
 bonjiji, pass, bonja, to look up, to glance. 
 
 bonggo, n.pl. bonggudt, (1) stuff, cloth ; (2) 
 dress. 
 
 bonggo-na-fitet, pi. bonggiidt-fitet, vfaUt-haud, 
 cloth worn round loins. . - • ^^ 
 
 bonggo-na'-kibo, pi. bonjgudt-ti'-kibo, sail, 
 sail-cloth. 
 
 bonggo-na-kwe, pi. bonggudt-ti'-kice, cloth 
 for the head. 
 
 bonggo-na-matat, robe of honour. 
 
 bonggo-na-mugun, pi. bonggudt-ti'-mugun, 
 chemise (body-cloth). 
 
 bonggo-na-murut, pi. bongjudt-ti-mugHn(niu- 
 rut), scarf for the throat. 
 
 bongorokko, puff-adder. 
 
 bonjoUe, naked. 
 
BARI-ENC4LISH VOCABULARY 
 
 127 
 
 bokuoroti, n.pl. holcuord, foot-ring. 
 
 bon, pres. hohoii, perf. ahon, i. horn, pass. Loud, 
 to slialie. 
 
 bbndu, pres. hobonda, perf. ahdndu, i. hihidC, 
 pass, hone (bono), to shake, to tremble (traus. and 
 in trans.). 
 
 bongit, n. forgetfulness. 
 
 bongori, pres. bobonjori, perf. abdnjori, i. 
 honjori, piss. b6n/,dril;en (also h6n^;o), to forget. 
 
 bora, pres. hd^ora, perf. abora, i. borani, to 
 depart (in anger), cf. looran. 
 
 boro, pres. bd'boro, perf. abi'ro, i. horone, pass. 
 borya, to newly smear the floor with clay. 
 
 borre, roan antelope. 
 
 borrogo, pipe (water in bowl). 
 
 borikot, n.pl. borilMyl, skin (of men and 
 animals). 
 
 bot, pres. totoi, perf. abot, i. 667t', pass. i67o, to 
 flay, to skin. 
 
 bubii'ret, n.pl. huhuretji, repentance, vide haru. 
 
 bud, pres. babud, perf. abud, i. huh', to dawn. 
 
 budok, eight. 
 
 budu, l.jjl. b idii'ldn, wedding, especially the 
 celebration of a wedding, amusement. 
 
 bu'duru, n.pl. bndurnot, thick cord (for 
 fishing). 
 
 buga, pres. bubifja, perf. ahu'ga, i. biuje, to be 
 proud, to rely upon something. 
 
 buge, c.pl.s. proud (especially of one's 
 possession). 
 
 bugi, pres. buhiigi (bubbuiji), perf. abmji, i. 
 hitijine, to get mouldy. 
 
 buk, pres. babul; Y>ert ubul:, i. bulie, pass. bul;o, 
 to pour, to spill. 
 
 buke'r, si.x. 
 
 buket, n.pl. biiletji, sink, gutter, vide bnl:. 
 
 bukoji, pres. bubu'l:o',i, perf. ahuloji, 1. buho- 
 jine,io sink, to go to ruin, vide bulc. 
 
 bukoro, pres. bubii Iwro, perf. (dnf];6ro, i. bxldre, 
 pass, bukoro, to spill, vide buk. 
 
 buku, n.pl. biikiio, shield. 
 
 bulo, pres. bu'bidd, perf. abii'Jd, i. bulijni, to be 
 able, to be powerful. 
 
 bulot, n.pl. bulotji, strength, power. 
 
 buloto, pres. bubuloto \^eiL abul6tS,\. bidStSnt, 
 to have diarrhoea, dysentery. 
 
 buloyet, n.pl. buloyetji, strength, power. 
 
 bung, n.pl. bungin, court-yard. cf. bang, ang. 
 
 bunguan, nine. 
 
 bungun, pres. bubunjun, perf. abunjun, i. 
 bun^,u, to collide. 
 
 bii'nit, c.pl. bunnk, sorcerer (good), physician. 
 vide demanit. 
 
 bu'nit-lo-kudu, id. bunuk-ii-kudu, rain-maker. 
 
 bunyekin, pres. b<tbu7iyekin, perf. abnnyekin,i. 
 himyeki, pass, bunyeki, to find, to seize, to catch. 
 Ex : yi abunyehin kcld'nit = we have caught 
 the thief. 
 
 bur, lazy, evil, bad (only used in conjunction 
 with mo and to), vide mohtr and tobnr. 
 
 bura {hnrci), adv. good, right, very (sometimes 
 used al.^o as adjective, c.pl.s.). 
 
 buret, n.pl. bu retji, demand, challenge. 
 
 buriok, week. 
 
 burit, n.pl. buritji, repentance, vile burn, 
 buru'et, bubii ret. 
 
 buron, pres. buhuron, perf. aburSn, i. bun', to 
 rot, to putrefy. 
 
 buronit {nronit), c.pl. huronok, liar. vido 
 urouo. 
 
 buronokin, pres. buburonokin, perf. aburVnokin, 
 i. buromki, pass, buronoli, to betray someone. 
 
 burot (urot), n.jil. burotji, lie, falsehood, vide 
 urono. 
 
 buru, pres. buhuru, perf. abiTru, i. buruni, to 
 ask for pardon, to repent. 
 
 buru'et, n. repentance, viile buru. 
 
 bii'ruo, n:pl. buruolon, carcass, vide hurdn. 
 
 burya, seven. 
 
 busan, pres. hii'busan, perf. ubusan, i. basand', 
 to be good, to be just. 
 
 buset, n. goodness, justice, kindness. 
 
 but, pres. bubut, perf. abut, i. butc', pass, buto, 
 to beat, vide bit. 
 
 da, where to ? Ex : dii ta dd ? = where are you 
 going ? 
 
 dabor, 1. morning star. 
 
 dafanit, palm of the hand. 
 
 daggu, pres. dadaggu, perf. culiggu, i. dagji, 
 to be envious, vide dxk. 
 
 dak, pres. daduk, porf. adak, i. dak^, to bo 
 enviou?, 
 
 dak, l.pl. ddkan, tobacco-pipe. 
 
 dake't, n. envy, grudge, vide dak. 
 
 dako, n.pl. dukolo, pal.ite, jaws. 
 
 dana, pre.s. dadana, perf. add'na, i. denanf, (1) 
 to hide one's self; (2) to run away, to escape. 
 
 dana'et, n.pl. dunaetji, flight, escape. 
 
 dana'ji, pres. dadand'ji, perf. adand'Ji, i. dana- 
 jine, to run away, to run on, to get away, to get 
 "off. 
 
 dang, n.pl. danjin, bow (for shooting). 
 
 da'ng, pres. dada'nij, perf. adanj, i. danggi, 
 pass, danja, to lick ofl'. 
 
 danggu, pres. dadanjgn, perf. adanggu, i. 
 danjgf, pass, danga, to lick off". 
 
 dara, pres. daddra, peif. addra, i. daran(, to be 
 tired, to tire onLs's self, to e.Kcrt. 
 
 data, c.pl.s. tired, we.iry. 
 
 daret, n.pl. dd'retji, fatigue, trouble, paius. 
 
128 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 darju, pres. dddarjn, perf. adarju, i. darji, 
 to vex, to anno)', to bother, to be concerned, 
 vide dura. 
 
 datotto, salutation. 
 
 de (ede, dede), later, then, soon. 
 
 de, pres. dedc, perf. ade, i. dele, pass, dif'la, to 
 hide. Ex : nan dede'mugun — I am hiding. 
 
 de, pres. dedv, perf. adv, i. dene, pass, deyd 
 {di'a), to pick (fruit, flowers), vide deun. 
 
 deba, pres. dede'ba, perf. ude'ha, i. defe', to burn 
 (iutrans). 
 
 deba, pres. dede'hn, perf. ade'ha, i. dehi, pass. 
 (Ze/V/, to bring up, to nuis?. 
 
 debba, pres. dedehha, perf. adehha, i. dehhi, to 
 adhere, to stick, to cleave. 
 
 dede, later, then, soon. Ex: nanfofo dede = I 
 am coming soon. 
 
 dedet, n.pl. dede tan, a small bird (which lives 
 on sesame and eats worms). 
 
 def {dehh), pres, dede/, perf. adef, i. defe', pass. 
 dffa, to raise, to hold, to lift. 
 
 defakin, pres. dede'jaldn, perf. adefahin, i. 
 defald, pass, de'fuld, to promise marriage, to 
 betroth. 
 
 dejya, pres. dedejya, perf. adejya, i. deji {dene'\ 
 pass. de?/a (de'd), to pick, to gather, vide de'. 
 
 dek, pres. dede'h, perf. ade'L; i. Je/re, pass, de'lia, 
 to will, to wish, to want. 
 
 dekan, n. wish, will, vide del:. 
 
 deken, u. (a coarse word of insult by the Bari), 
 the female loin covering. 
 
 deket, n.pl. dt'hatji, will, wish, vide del;. 
 
 dek-fofo, pres. dede'lc-fofo, perf. ade'l-foyo, i. 
 delie'-fofo, to like to come, to come willingly. 
 
 delakin, i^res. dede'lalcin, perf. adelaldn, i. 
 delald, pass, de'lahi, to hide something, to take 
 care of, to guard. 
 
 dema, pres. de'dema, perf. ade'ma, i. demani, (o 
 be bewitched. 
 
 dema'nit, c.pl. demdlc, the wicked sorcerer, 
 cf. hunit. 
 
 demba, pres. de'demha, perf. ade'mha, i. demhC, 
 pass, dema, to charm, to bewitch. 
 
 den, pres. deden, perf. aden, i. dene', pass, de'na, 
 to know, to understand. 
 
 denet, n.pl. de"netji, knowledge, intelligence. 
 
 denggele, l.pl. denggele'la (also dew gele'lan), 
 gall. 
 
 der, pres. deder, perf. ader, i. (Zere, pass. f?m/, 
 to cook. 
 
 deret, n. cookery, vide der. 
 
 derja (derjya), pres. dederja, perf. ccderja, i. 
 rfejyi', pass. cZt'rrt, to cook, vide der. 
 
 deru (doru), n.pl. deriie {dorue), grass. Lay, 
 fodder. 
 
 deti, n. pasture, grass, herbs, plants. 
 
 deun, pres. dede'un, perf. ade'un, i. cZet/, pass. 
 de««e, to pick, vide de'. 
 
 dibba, pres. dedihhn, perf. adibha, i. dibbe', pass. 
 di'/a, to prepare (a hearth out of stone). 
 
 didi'ngit, n.pl. didC'nijiten, country, region. 
 
 didingo, near, be, beside, vide dingo. 
 
 diedie'roti, n.pl. diedie'ro, small-pox. 
 
 difundya, pres. didifnndya, jierf. adifundya, 
 i. dlfundye', jiass. dVfae, to draw water from a well. 
 
 digit, 1 pi. di'giton, wolf (black in colour). 
 
 dika, sore. 
 
 dika, to-day. 
 
 dika, n.pl. dihala (also dihajiii), wound, 
 hurt. 
 
 diko, n.pl. diliolo, cloud. 
 
 dikori, n.jd. dikorijin, cup, goblet (mostly made 
 of gourd skins). 
 
 dikun, pres. didClmn, perf. adilciin, i. diliu, to 
 thunder, to roar. 
 
 dili, n.pl. dilio, ditch, grave. 
 
 dili'likin, pres. didilflihin, perf. adililihin, i. 
 dililiJii, pass. dili'Wii, to pour. 
 
 dinet, n.pl. di'netji, instruction, vide denet and 
 todfne. 
 
 dingga, pres. didingga, perf. adingga, i. negat. 
 ho dinjga, to whore, to commit adultery. 
 
 dingget, n.pl. dinggetji, prostitution, vide 
 dinyga. 
 
 dinggii, pres. didinqgu, perf. adhvigii, to dawn. 
 
 dinggu, n. (I) the dawn; (2) after midnight. 
 
 dingit, n.pl. dingi'ten (1) time ; (2) hour. 
 
 dingit-na'dit, pi. diwjiten-na dklik, instant, 
 short time. 
 
 dingo {didingo), near, neighbour. 
 
 dingo, pres. didingo, perf. adingo, to be next 
 door. 
 
 di'niki, pres. didi'nilu, perf. adi'nilii, i. dinilcine'. 
 to learn, to be taught. 
 
 di'nikin {todinildn), generally. 
 
 diong, l.pl. diomjin, dog. 
 
 diong-lo-yiden, pi. diongin-ti-yiden, sporting- 
 dog. 
 
 dir (also didir), pres. didir, perf adir (adidir). 
 i. dire' {didire'), pass, di'ra Qlidfra), to notice, 
 to gape, to stare at. 
 
 diret, n.pl. diretji, view, contemplation. 
 
 diri, adj. c.pl.s. certain, true. Ex: nielo diri ~ 
 that is true;|sjwe n'atald'n nan do diri = what I 
 have told you is true. .^ .. 
 
 dirja, pres. didirja, perf adirja, i. dirjy^^ass. 
 di'ra, to notice, to look at in astonishment, to be 
 amazed, vide dir. 
 
 dirjo, pres. didirjo, perf. adirjo, i. dirje', pass. 
 diro, to crowd round, to throng. 
 
 dir-ku-li 'ongon, to look with pleasure. 
 
 diron, pres. didiron, perf. adfrUn, i. dire', to be 
 drowned. 
 
 do, c.pl. ta, thou. 
 
 do, pres. dodo, perf. ado, i. do'i (also dole'), pass. 
 dola, to seek, to look for. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 129 
 
 doddya, pres. dododdya, perf. adoddya, i. doddi, 
 to become weak, to be feeble. 
 
 dodong, pres. dodong, perf. adodong, i. dodonge, 
 pass, dodonga, to shake, to jolt. 
 
 dof, n.pl. dofo, nape. 
 
 dog, pres. dodog, perf. adug, i. doijgi, pass. 
 dd'ka, to make a present of, to present. 
 
 do-geleng-, c.pl. td-kade, thou alone. 
 
 dogg'3'» pi'es. dodogga, perf. adogga, i. doggi, 
 pass, do ha, to present, to present with 
 
 dot6'et (dofoet), n.pl. dotoetji, (1) sleep; (2) 
 bed, camp. 
 
 doya, pres. dd'doyn, perf ((dd'ya, i. (Zoif ((lolc), 
 pass. do'7a, to seek, to look for. vide do. 
 
 dii, pres. dudii, perf. arfw, i. dide, pass, f^a'fe, 
 to bow, to bend. Ex: liodini adu' miigiin = the 
 tree is bowed down. 
 
 dua, pres. dndua, perf. adua, i. duani, to sigh, 
 to grain. 
 
 dudu, pres. dndu, perf. adudu, i. dudule, to 
 
 doggfu (dogu), pres. dodoggu, perf. adoggu, I descend, to go down, 
 i. ''o;/(7«', pass. dd'l:o, to bear, to carry. | dudungga, pres. dudiingga, perf adudungga, i. 
 
 doju, pres. dodojii, perf adojn, i. (/o/t', pass, i dndungge, to be proud, vain. 
 <7oi/o, to sell, to trade. [ duduit, l.pl. dudu ton, glow-worm. 
 
 dok, pres. dodolc, perf. adok, i. dohe, pass. ddl:o, ; dufa, n.pl. dufajin, leather sack, which serves 
 to raise, to lift. also as a cradle. 
 
 dok, pres. dodSlc, perf. adol; i. dole, pass, dolo, dufyet, c.pl. dufi, servant, maid servant, slave, 
 to wind in a ball. duk, pres. dudul; perf adul; i. dulce, pass. 
 
 do'ka, m., present, gift. diiha, to shake, rock, swing. 
 
 do'kakin, pres. doddlmldn, perf addlcaldn, i. | dii'kara, pres. diuhVhant, perf. adiiliara, i. 
 ddlmld, to give a present, to give something, to duhard, pass, dulca'ji, (1) to throw away ; (2) to 
 dedicate, vide dog. j push, vide duk. 
 
 dokun, pres. dodohun, perf. adoknn, i. dolii, dukin, pres. duduldn, perf. aduldn, i. dnld, to 
 pass, ddliue, (1) to pluck, to pick ; (2) to fetch, climb, 
 to go and bring. duko, pres.f7M'(?i(7io,perf.«(7?<'7.o,i.(?H7.6W,tolive. 
 
 do-lofeng, c.pl. tadofe'ngat, thou alone. 
 domba (domba), pres. dodomba, perf. adomba, 
 
 dukun, pres. dudulun, perf aduTnin, i. dulii, 
 pass, duhue (jhthice), (I) to hold, to raise, to lift; 
 
 i. dombi, pass, dd'ma, (1) to steal upon, to surprise (2) to bear or carry hither ; (3) to float along on 
 
 (a wild animal) ; (2) to waylay a girl. 
 
 dome, l.pl. dd'nield, mass, crowd, heap. 
 
 domo, pres. dodd'mo, perf. add'mo, i. domoni, 
 to be sad. 
 
 domundya, pres. dodomundya, perf adomundyn, 
 i. domiiiidye, to steal upon, to surprise, to proceed 
 stealthily. 
 
 tlie water. 
 
 dula, pres. dudida, perf. cidiila, i. dnle, to 
 glide, to flow, to pass. Ex : Idbo dudu Ion = 
 the boat is gliding along. 
 
 dulet, porch. 
 
 duli, l.pl. didya, tuft of hair. 
 
 duma, c.pl. te'mejil;, great, celebrated, jiowerful. 
 
 don, pres. dodon, perf adon, i. done, to fall off", (Used predicatively it is always te"ntejih; used 
 
 of leaves, &c. attributively it remains, especially after nom. 
 
 dong, pres. dodong, perf adong, i. donge', pass. ; agentis, duma.) 
 donge, to send or drive away. dii'mara, pres. dudumara, perf adumara, i. 
 
 dongga.,in-e8.dodongga,ijeT{.adongga,i.do7iggi,dumard, pass. dunuVji (generally du'maji), to 
 
 to grow old. ' lead, entice, to lead into temptation. 
 
 dongget, n., age, old age. dumba, i)res. dudumba, perf. adumba, i. dumbe', 
 
 donggo, pres. dodonggo, perf. adonggo, i. pass, dumtna, to cheat, to deceive, vide dumm. 
 donggoni, pass, dongo, to empty. dumet, n.pl. dummetji {dumetji), seduction, 
 
 donggu, pres. dodonggu, perf adonggu, i. temptation. 
 donggi, pass, dongo, to drive away. vide dumi, pi. dnmynt, hippo, harpoon. 
 do7ig. dumm, pres. dndumm, perf. adumm, i. diimme', 
 
 doro, pres. dodu^ro, perf. add'ro, i. dorone', to pass, dumma, to deceive, to cheat, 
 
 tumble, to overturn (intrans.), to fall, to sink. , dummet, n.pl. dximmetji, fraud, deception. 
 
 (Speaking of the sun and moon, ro undergoes 
 reduplication.) Ex : holong {yafa) add'roro = the 
 sun (the moon) has set. 
 
 doro'et, (doroet), n.pl. dord'etji, fall, decline, 
 vide doro. 
 
 vide dumm. 
 
 dumoddi, n.pl. dmnddd, copper, brass. 
 
 dumun, pres. dudutnun, perf. adumun, i. dunui, 
 pass, dti'mue, to take, to steal. 
 
 dumundya, pres. dudumundya, perf. adn- 
 
 doto, pres. dodd'to, perf. adoHo, i. dotoni, (1) to ' mnndya, i. dumundye, pass, dumue {diCme), to 
 sleep ; (2) expression of state of health, etc. take, to deprive of. 
 
 Ex : do adoHo '? (generally only do dd'to ? = how dung, pres. dudung, perf adung, i. dunge'. pass, 
 are you? how have you slept? vide dod. cZw/ir/o, to cut, to cut oil' (especially the head), to kill. 
 
130 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, 
 
 dunget, u.pl. dunjetji, saw, instruments for 
 cutting. 
 
 dunggo, pres. dudnnggo, perf. adunggo, i. 
 dnngg ■', pass, diingi), to saw, to cut. vide dung. 
 
 dungun, pres. dudungun, perf. adtmjun, i. 
 dunjii, ])ass. dii'ngue. to chase, to drive away, to 
 beat bnck. vide dong. 
 
 duod, l.jd. duoniii, ox, bull. 
 
 duor, e.pl.s. gloomy, dai"k, cloudy. Ex : Id a 
 di(or (aduor) i hflor (or i Id'lor M aditor) — the 
 shy is cloudy to-day. 
 
 dur, pres. dudur, perf. aditr, i. dure, to come, to 
 arrive, especially to land. 
 
 duret, n. growth, increase, vide dnrjo. 
 
 duri't, n.pl. duri tji, pain, suifering, melancholy, 
 vide darn. 
 
 durje, pres. dudurje, perf. lulnvje, i. durje, pass. 
 du ro, to milk. 
 
 durjo {durjyo), pres. dii duijo, perf. adurjo, 
 i. durjyo, to grow. 
 
 durju, pres. dii durju, perf. adurjtt, i. durji, to 
 be sad, to be out of sorts, vide daru. 
 
 duru, pres. d^iduru, perf. aduru, i. durum, to 
 be sad, to be depressed. 
 
 du'rue, pres. dudurue, perf. adurue, 1. diirueni, 
 to be sad. 
 
 dutet, n.pl. du tetjin, issue, conclusion, way out. 
 
 dutokin, pres. duduiolnn, perf. aduiolin, i. 
 duioli, pass, dutoli, to let a thing slip, to miss 
 an opportunity. 
 
 dutun, pres. duduHun, perf. adutun, i. dutu, 
 pass, dutue, to draw out, to pull out. 
 
 duyombu, pres. duihiydmhu, perf. aduydnbu, i. 
 duyonihi, to fall into ruins (iutrans.). 
 
 dwor {diver), vide '?»6V. 
 
 dwut, calf-bull. 
 
 dyang, 1. famine. 
 
 dyet, n.pl. l;ddyji (lli list), girl, young woman. 
 
 ede (_de, dede), later, after. 
 eron, sooner, earlier, for, before. 
 
 fa, pres. /«/«, perf. afd, i. fane, pass, faya, to 
 leave, abandon, to desert ; i. negat. Ao/a ; there- 
 fore, l;ofajur. vide l;ofajur. 
 
 fadede (fadede), e.pl.s., easy, not difficult. Ex : 
 hitafa'hde'— an easy task (means also light in 
 weight). 
 
 fa'dungl, l.pl. fa dong, bushes (especially bul- 
 rushes and reeds). 
 
 fafarasak, n. moonlight. 
 
 fafe (faf/), e.pl.s. hot, very warm. 
 
 fajyo, adv. {fnjo), far, far away, a long dis- 
 tance, remote. Ex : Kofd',ur fajyo i B. = K. is a 
 long distance from B. 
 
 faleleng, e.pl.s., sweat, agreeable, nice, smootli 
 (also of a smell). Ex : miJoJc faleleng = mice 
 are sweet ; ni ena loturoni momon falelenj = 
 these flowers smell very nice. 
 
 fane'ne, n.pl. fane'nelan, monkey bread, vide 
 lonji. 
 
 fanyak, n.-p]. fanyalca, udder, dug. 
 
 faran (faran), n., daylight, midday, at noon, 
 vide iufaran. 
 
 farana, peace. 
 
 farara (farara), n.pl. fararajin, light, flame, 
 candle. 
 
 farasak, pres. fafarasah, perf. afarasah, pass. 
 farasal-e] to light, to shine. 
 
 farayet, m Yl.farayetji, light, lustre, brilliancy, 
 magnificence, fame. 
 
 farik, very, due, rightly, loud, aloud. 
 
 fasii'sua, e.pl.s., sour, bitter. 
 
 fatali, n.pl. fata, elastic twigs or branches 
 which are used as rope (also " rope "). 
 
 fayu, pres. fafayu, perf. afd yu, i. fa'i, pass. 
 fd'la, to feign, to dissemble. 
 
 fe, pres. fefe', perf afe, i. fe'ne, pass, fe'a, to 
 shoot, to hit, to be struck by lightning. 
 
 fedo, sun-dried meat. 
 
 fedya, pres. fefedya, perf. afe'^dya, i. feddi, 
 pass, feta, to set in order, to arrange, to prepare. 
 
 fefen, pres. fefen, perf. afefen, i. fefene', pass. 
 fefemi, to collect. 
 
 fefenun, pres. fefe'mm, perf. afef^nun, i. fefenii, 
 pass, fefenue, to collect, to assemble, to unite, 
 to join. 
 
 feja (fejya), pres. /e/e'/a, perf. afe"ja, i.fejf, to 
 shoot, to strike by lightning, vide/e. 
 
 feke'n, pres. fefel;e"n, perf. afel;e"n, i. fel;enye, 
 pass. fel:e"nya, to break, to break to pieces 
 (often also reduplicated in the perfect). 
 
 fekendya (fefelewlya). -vide feke'n. 
 
 fele, n.i>\. fe'ieta, belly, paunch. 
 
 fele-mimyen, stomach-ache, vide myen. 
 
 fendya, pres. fefendya, perf afen'hja, i. fendi, 
 to come together, to meet. 
 
 feng, pres. fefenj, perf. afeng,i. fenge, pass. 
 fenja, to extinguish. 
 
 ferok, times. Ex : /ero/i>niHsa7a= three times. 
 
 fesun, pres. /e/(?'s!m, perf. afe'siin, i.fesii, pass. 
 fe''sue, to rob, to plunder, to gain. 
 
 fet, pres. fefet, perf. afet, i. fete", pass, fcta, to 
 order, to arrange. 
 
 fetet, n.pl., order, arrangement. 
 
 feto, e.pl.s., (1) cool (not hot) ; (2) not passionate, 
 quiet-tempered, gentle, meek. Ex : Ivbityo feiS 
 = a gentle sheep. 
 
 feyik, e.pl.s., warm. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 131 
 
 feyu, pres. fefaju,, perf. afeyti, i.fele, yims. fe'lo 
 = to bake, roast, to cook, 
 fi, pres. Jifi, perf. afi, i. fine, pass, fia, to ask. 
 fifi, l.pl./t''/in, island (especially a small one), 
 fifi'dit, n.rA.fifCditon, point, drop, 
 fifi'uga, pres. fifi mja, perf. afifiuga, i. fifing', 
 to whistle. 
 
 figa, pres. _/?/i/rt, perf. afCga, i- fije, to conceive, 
 to become pregnant. (Tiie forra_^;/e is seldom 
 used.) 
 figet, n. pi. /r;/e(/V, conception, yide fiija. 
 fija, pres. fifijn, perf. afija, i. fijc', pass./j"a, to 
 ask, to inquire after, vide/i'. 
 
 fik, pres. fifik, perf. afih, i. fike, pass, /z.'o, to 
 lead, to draw, to pull. I 
 
 fikari'kin, pres. fifiltarCldii, perf. afilcai C'l:in, to 
 conceive, to become pregnint. y'lAQfi'ja. 
 fikun, pres. fffiJcim, perf. afilmn, i. fihu, pass. 
 /«7,-(/e, to draw out, to pull out. vide /z'A-. 
 filya, n.pl._/i/(/a Za, top, point, summit. 
 fiom, water. 
 fiom-ti'-jor, pond-water, 
 fiom-ti'-kare, river-water, 
 fiomtot, n.pl. fio,n, a drop of water, pi. water, 
 fir, pres. fifir, perf. afir, i. fire, pass. fiWa, to 
 bore, to pierce. 
 
 fi'riki, pres. fifCrild, perf. afiriki, i. firildne, to 
 take to one's jjed, 1o lie down, to be seated, 
 firi't, n.^\. firCten, place, country, region, 
 firo, speargrass. 
 
 fit, pres. fifit, perf. afit, l.fite, pass, fi ta, to bind, 
 to bind or tie up. 
 fitake, necklace. 
 
 fitet, n.pl. fitetji, band, bandage. \ide fit. 
 fitono, c.pl.s., remaining, what is over, 
 fitun, pres. fCfitun, perf. afi tun, i. fitu, pass. 
 fCtue,{\) to remain, to be remnant ; (2) to leave 
 behind ; (3) to loosen, to yield, to pardon, 
 fo, pres./o/o, perf. afo, i.fo, pi. /d'to), to come. 
 fode, n.pl. fodyo, gourd-skin, goblet. 
 fo'et, n.pl. /o"e^/i, coming, arrival, vide/o. 
 foi'n, pres. fofo'in, perf. afoin, i. fo'i, to sit down 
 (generally used with leak). Ex : foUa /iT(/i = take 
 a seat 
 
 fudite, n.pl. fiidt, skin, shell, hu.sk. 
 
 fufii'tut, \.\A. fiifutuji {fiifittntji), dew. 
 
 fuk, pres. /*(/((/;, perf. afn!;, i. fulu', to sprout, 
 to shoot, to germinate. 
 
 fuki'no, hundrt-ds. Ex : fuhinij antral; = 200, 
 fnldnoiuasu la = 300. 
 
 fukun, pres. fufulmn, perf. aftihnn, i. fnliii, 
 (1) to sprout, to shoot forth ; (2) toapiDear. vide 
 f„l:. 
 
 fii'loti, n.pl. fids, burning charcoal. 
 
 fun, pres. fuftVn, p3rf. afiin, i. fun", to 
 germinate, to sprout. Ex: holot fuftfn'= the 
 dura is sprouting. 
 
 fungo, porridge. 
 
 fungot, \i.p\.fi(ngotd, nates. 
 
 funtong (fnntong), n-pl. funtongan = Jerboa. 
 
 fuok, ten. 
 
 fuok-wod-budok, eighteen. 
 
 fuok-wod-buker, sixteen. 
 
 fuok-wod-bungua'n, nineteen. 
 
 fubk-wod-burya, seventeen. 
 
 fubk-wod-geleng, eleven. 
 
 fubk-wod-mulsa'nat, fifteen. 
 
 fubk-wod-murek, twelve. 
 
 fubk-wod-musa'la, thirteen. 
 
 fubk-wod-ungua'n, fourteen. 
 
 fubkit, n.pl. fuo'dtji, the tenth part. 
 
 furl, l.pl. fu riot (furyot), stick, staff (for old 
 people, mostly forked). 
 
 furi, pres. fufnri, perf. afii'ri, 1. fnrin^, to 
 scratch, to rub, to itch. Ex: lorilvt, fit furi = 
 the skin itches. 
 
 furijb, pres. fufurijo, perf. afifrijo, i.furije, to 
 smoke. Ex : silo leaden ti tide se fufii rijo = 
 these logs are not burning, they are only 
 smoking. 
 
 furyb, pres. fiifiiryo, perf. afaryS, i. fitrydiii, to 
 choke, to sufibcate (intrans). 
 I fii'rue, pres. fufurue, perf. afurne, i. furuene, 
 j to awake. 
 
 { fut, pres. fnfnt, perf. afut, i. fnte, pass, futa, to 
 i give more, to repeat the dose. 
 
 futet, complaint. 
 
 futet, l.pl. /M"<e«>*, (1) assembly, meeting; (2) 
 
 fok, pres. fofoh, perf. afoh, i. folce, pass, fo'lca, judgment ; (3) stick which the Bari carries as a 
 to water, to moisten. symbol of the meeting, shaped like a fork. 
 
 fot, pres. /o/of, perf . a/of, i. /o^^, pass. /(/'to, to ' futukin, pres. ftifiituldn, perf. afutnliin, i. 
 clean, to purify. ' fnttdd, pass, fatidd, to present, to ofler, to give 
 
 fot, pres. /o/o«, perf. fl/'oi, i. /oft', to live. | something. \ide fnt. 
 
 fotet, n.pl. fd'tetji, things used for cleaning, | futukb, pres. fufutnlo, perf. afu'tnkd, i 
 especially soap. Ifntnlvm, to be dislocated, sprained. 
 
 fote't, n.pl. /of e-'fyi, life, vide /of. ' iutut, l.pl. fututji (fift>dji}. strmg. Ex: nan 
 
 fbmbni, c.pl.s., heavy (the opposite to /a(?ec^')- 7o/o7i dang ho futut = I bind the bow with 
 
 fbryo, pres. fiiforyd, perf. aforyo, i. fonjoni, to string. 
 swim. fuyu, pres. fufvyu, perf. afii'yu, i. fuyun^, pass. 
 
 fbtubr, c.pl.s., bitter, sour. fnyC' {fufii'yna), to rub, to pass softly over, to 
 
 fbyiyik, c.pl.s., tepid, lukewarm. i strike. 
 
 fbyti, l.pl. /ot'f, ebony. 
 
132 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 ga, pres. gogd, perf. 0170, i. gciji', pass, gaya, to 
 defend, to protect. 
 
 gaf, pros, giiguf, perf. agaf, i. gafe, pass, gd'fa, 
 to protect, to shelter. 
 
 gafa, n., pent-house, shelter. 
 
 gafa'kin, pres. gajafd'lin, perf. ar;afd''lin, i. 
 (jafali, pass, gafaki, to lay on, to put on. 
 
 gayu, pres. gagayn, perf. agnyn, i. r/ai', pass. 
 gala, to look for. 
 
 gege, never. 
 
 gei, pres. gre.'/e?, perf. a;;ei', i. j/e)", pass, geld'ri, 
 to use, to make use of. 
 
 gele, l.pl. gehja, shoulder-bone. 
 
 geleng, c.pl. kaJe, alone, a unit, singly. 
 
 ge'lere, once. 
 
 gelet, u.pl. ge'letji, tools, implements. 
 
 gella, soldiers. 
 
 geng, generally (gonggu). 
 
 ger, jjres. geger, perf. arer, i. gere, pass, ge'ra, 
 to scratch. 
 
 giddya, pres. and perf. regular, i. giddye, pass. 
 gi'ta, to gnaw, to pick. 
 
 gigi'ru, n.pl. gigCrujin, the fin of the fish and 
 the cartilage of the crocodile. 
 
 gin, pres. gigin, pers. agin, i. ginye, pass, giiuja, 
 to tear (trans.). 
 
 gindya, pres. gi<,indya, perf. agindya, i. gindye, 
 to tear (intrans.). 
 
 giran, pres. Cjigiran, perf. agiran, i. </»•< pass. 
 girarClnn, to give way, to avoid. Ex : nge 
 agirarildn = he is a man to be avoided. 
 
 gober, l.pl. gd'bero, skin, hide, leather. 
 
 gober-na-kine, pi. goheroh-ti-line, sheepskin. 
 
 godya, pres. gogodya, perf. agodya, i. godf, pass. 
 gv'ta, to praise, to glorify. Ex : godiia Ngun = 
 praise God. 
 
 gogok, n.pl. gogohan, the big Nile duck. 
 
 gogu, pres. go'gogu, perf. agd'gu, i. golf', pass. 
 gfl'o, to keep off, to keep back, to hold back. 
 
 gokini, l.pl. goliinyat, ant-heaps with many 
 holes. 
 
 golet, n.pl. gd'letji, strength, hardness, force. 
 
 go'lotot, 1 pi. gulujin, brook, rivulet, stream. 
 
 gondya, pres. go;,ondya, perf. agondya, i. gondi, 
 pass, gonya, to tear or pull olt", to pull out, to 
 extricate. 
 
 gor, pres. gogor, perf. agar, i. gore, to snore. 
 
 gor, n.pl. goro, lance, spear. 
 
 gore, l.pl. goreli, small brook. 
 
 goro, l.pl. gorojin, stable, hurdle, pen. 
 
 gorom, n.pl. go'roma, wall, rampait. 
 
 got, pres. gogot, perf. agof, i. gate, pass, gotta, 
 to point, to sharpen. 
 
 gotet, l.pl. gdtetji, praise, fame, vide godya. 
 
 gom, pres. gSgSm, perf, agom, i. gomi, pats. 
 gdnio, to surround, to encompass. 
 
 gombu, pres. gogdmbu, perf. a(,dmhii, i. goiiihi, 
 pass, gdnid, to surround (especially with a 
 hedge). 
 
 gonggu, pres. gogonggu, perf. agonggn, i. 
 gong(,i, pass, gongo, to hedge or fence in. 
 
 gor, pres. gogor ^ perf. agor, i. gore, pass. f,o/-o, 
 to cross (trans,). 
 
 gor, l.pl. gdrdn, road, street (in the plural cross- 
 roads). 
 
 gori'gori, l.pl. gorigdrye ([origoryet), rainbow. 
 
 gorju, pres. goorjtt, perf. ajirjn, i. lorji, pass. 
 gorij, to cross one's self (also trans.). 
 
 gringring, n., shaking, earthquake. 
 
 gringring-na'-kak, eaithquake. 
 
 gu'bara, pres. guguhura, perf. agu'hara, i. 
 giibard, pass, gnhaji, to throw, to sling, to throw 
 about. 
 
 gudu, n.pl. gndidan, lump, hunch, hump-back 
 (of men). 
 
 gugu, l.pl. [li'giio, granary. 
 
 gukun, pres. lugidnm, perf. a'jil:un, i. gnlu, 
 pass. giVhue, to invite, to invite to come from 
 afar. Ex : giilitV nan = invite me. 
 
 gukundya, pres. gngtdnm<hja,])erL aguliundya, 
 i. giilinndye, pass, guhue, to invite, vide 
 gnlciin. 
 
 gum, pres. gugum, perf. agiim, i. gmne, pass. 
 Ill ma, to throw. 
 
 gumba, pres. giigtnnha, perf. agniuba, i. gunibi', 
 pass, gu'ina, to throw. 
 
 gurak, l.pl. gural;an, a big bird (the feathers 
 being used as a head-dress). 
 
 gure, n.pl. (,urelA, pigeon, dove. 
 
 gurutot, n.pl. guru, lizard. 
 
 gutet, abscess. 
 
 gwa, c.pl.s., (1) thus (relating especially to 
 size). Ex: gwd'-nan, gwd'-do, gnd'-ta = as big 
 as I, thou, you; (2) With the Latin meaning 
 qua, tavquam. Ex: John gn-a Jiatodi'nanit 
 al-ondya mjyo ? = what has John done as 
 teacher? (3) With the suffixes Jio, nio, nilang, 
 &c. Ex : nge (<uju. ropet gwd'-nihang — he 
 received a reward similar to ours. 
 
 gfwaket, n.pl. gxi-ahetji, rind, park, peel. 
 
 gwalak, pres. givagtcdlal; perf. agicd'hiJ:, i. 
 (jicalalce, pass, gu-dlaha, to break, to break off, 
 ito pick off. 
 
 gwa'lo, like, or as (big) as this, vide gica and lo. 
 
 gwang, n.pl. gwangan, (wild) cat. 
 
 gwarut, n.t., gunpowder (from the Arab 
 barud). 
 
 gwatet, n.pl. gu-a'tetji, (1) the sprinkling; (2) 
 the blessing, vide gioudd. 
 
 gwe, pres. gicegive, perf. agwe, i. gic('\ (1) will 
 come to pass ; (2) to stay, to remain. 
 
 gwe, n. joke, fun. vide givu^d. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 133 
 
 gwea, n.pl. ijwe'\ijui, (1) fumily, tribe ; (2) 
 custom, use, habit. 
 
 gweanit, l.i)l. gweal; creator, maker (rare 
 form for liaijiveanii). vide (jweja. 
 
 gvveja, pres. (iweyweja, perf. aijw'ja, i. (jice'i, 
 pass, ijioe'a (also (jiceyn), (1) to muke, to form, to 
 build, to create ; (2) to bej^et, to produce. 
 
 gwelakin, pres. (jicegioe'Juliin, perf. aiitoelaldn, 
 i. (jiKelahi, pass, gioe'lali, to impart, to give. 
 
 gwele, n.pl. (jwehjat, feast, wedding feast. 
 
 gwenyona, almost, not yet, scarcely. 
 
 gvyeret, sliop. 
 
 gwesin, n.t. colour. 
 
 gwe-sona, enough (literally " so remain "). 
 
 gwreya, pres. (jic ywet/K , perf. uijivcya, i. ijioe'i 
 (ijicel"'), pass, (jivt'lu, to divide, to distribute.' 
 
 gwi, pres. gwigan', perf. aytvi, i. (jtvin:' {(jwlje), 
 pass, gicio, to name. 
 
 gwi'en, pres. (jioiijivC'en, perf. (((jwfen, i. ijiolene, 
 to cry. 
 
 gwilinggi, pres. (iiviijunlinjiji, perf. aijiciJinjgi, 
 i. (jivilinjiii, to live with somebody, to remain, 
 vide (jwoloug. 
 
 gwiri, l.pl. gwiryla, spine. 
 
 gwo, pres. gu-oijicd, perf. agivd, i. givone, pass. 
 gwua, to tread, to stamp. 
 
 gwodan, pres. givojivodan, perf. agwodan, i. 
 (jwodc, to stay, to stand. 
 
 gwoja, pres. givojicoja, perf. agicojn, i. gwoy, 
 to dance. 
 
 gwolo, n.pl. gwolyot, caso, quiver. 
 
 gwolokok, l.pl. givold'liohjn, crop. 
 
 gwolo-na-loya, pi. gwolyot-ti-loyd, quiver. 
 
 gwolong, pres. gv:ojioolonj, perf. agioolong, i. 
 (jKolonge, to live, to staj'. 
 
 gwolo'nget, n.pl. (/H-oZc/'n^ef,'/, dwelling, abode, 
 vide gwilinjgi. 
 
 gwolong-taling, to be quiet, to stay still, 
 vide gwolon:] and taling. 
 
 gwon, pres. gwo'jivon, perf. a[,ivon, i. (/ht', to be, 
 to remain. 
 
 gwon-da, literally " to be, to exist." Ex : do 
 giccn-da lo nan 7 = what are our relations ? 
 nan gwon-da lo do ? = what is the matter ? 
 vide givoH and add. 
 
 gwo'nga'li, n. butter. 
 
 gwongga, pres. givojioonjga, perf. agwongga, 
 i. givonjgi, pass, gwonja, to make butter. 
 
 gworan, pres. gioogworan, perf. agworan, i. 
 gicorc, to curdle. Ex : le agworan — the milk 
 iias curdled. 
 
 gworat, n.t., sour milk. 
 
 gworo, l.pl. gworolo, throat, windpipe. 
 
 gworong, l.pl. gicu runjin, hyena. 
 
 gwose, adv., like, similar, as. 
 
 gwoso, (1) adj.,c.pl. gwdse (gwosese), alike, simi- 
 lar. Ex : silo lunjasCrik gwd'sose = these brothers 
 are like each other; (2) adv., like, as, similar. 
 
 gwoto, pres. gwojwoto, perf. agtcoto, i. gwotoni', 
 to be pregnant. 
 
 gwoju, pres. gu-d^tcdjn, perf. agicdju, i. gwo,'i. 
 to howl, to yell. 
 
 gwong, ]ires. gicogadnj, perf. agwdag, i. gwonji, 
 to creep, to crawl. 
 
 gV70re, l.pl. givorclen (gworejin), fox. 
 
 gworit, n.pl. gworltji, market-place. 
 
 gworo, pres. (jwgdword, jierf. aguSro, i. 
 gworo HI, pass, gwdrue, to buy. 
 
 gworogo, cijI.s., dear, expensive, vide gwdrd 
 and (JO. 
 
 _ gworokin, pres. gwojicoronin, perf. agwdrduht, 
 i. gicdrdln, pass, gwdrold, to purchase for 
 some one. 
 
 gworori, pres. gico:wdrori, perf. agwdrori, i. 
 (jivorori, pass, gwordrilin, to sell. Ex : sine iito 
 agivdrdri'kin = those are sold. 
 
 gworun, pres. gicojirdrun, perf. agworun, i. 
 guvrti, jtass. gworae, to buy, to purchase. 
 
 gworundyo, i)res. gw6_,wdnindyd, perf. agim- 
 rtindyd, i. gwdnmlyf', pass, giconie, to buy. vide 
 gworun. 
 
 gwujo, pres. gwii'gionjo, perf. agwujd, i. gwxjr, 
 to joke, to jest.' 
 
 gwulu, pres. gtcifgwnlu, perf. agiciilu, i. 
 gwalitw', pass. gwiVlna, to know, to discern, to 
 perceive (especially a man coming in the 
 distance). 
 
 gwulungedu, pres. gwiigividun,:edn, i>cv{. 
 agwidungedii, i. givulunjedC, to tumble. 
 
 gwunyun, pr^-s. gicugwtinyiin, perf. agwnnyiin, 
 i. gwiinyu, pass. gwiVnijne, to tear or pull out. 
 
 g'wuru, l.pl. gwu'rna, turf, sod, plot of grass. 
 
 gwut, pres. gwiigiont, perf. agwid, i. ;/tc((< ', pass. 
 gwu'to, to beat. 
 
 gwutet, idcer. 
 
 gwutet (hidet), n.pl. gwii'tttji, stick, cudgel, club. 
 
 gwutu, c.pl.s. blunted. 
 
 I 
 
 i (1) in. Ex : i kadi = in the house ; (2) than 
 — in comparison. 
 
 i-bot, behind. 
 
 i-eron, before. 
 
 ifiri't (i-rirrt), instead of. 
 
 ifiri'ten-ling, everywhere, in all places. 
 
 i-firit-na-gelend, together, in one place. 
 
 igo, pi. igi'i'to, go away. 
 
 lit, pres. at, perf. ait, i. itii, pass. Ctue, to fis'.i 
 with the line. 
 
 iitun, vide Hi. 
 
 i-kak, under. 
 
 i-ki, over, above. 
 
 i-kiden, in tiie middle, among. 
 
134 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 il6'lor, to-day, 0:1 this day. 
 f'ngo, what. Ex : do aiv;esu fw^o ? = what 
 hast thou eaten ? 
 inke, yes (also In-loi). 
 
 itet {hitet), n.pl. itetji {hCtetji), fishing-took, 
 itf, pi. itCta (irregular i. of iu, to go). 
 i-tu, during, whilp, literally " in going.'' 
 
 J 
 
 ja, pres. ./(^a, peif. ajo, i. jam, to be sick, to 
 voroit. 
 
 jaga, f.pl. jaijujin, thick iron ring, broad iron 
 ring. 
 
 jakin, pres. jajalcin, perf. ajd'liin, i. Jala', pass. 
 Jalii, to bring something for some one. 
 jambu, pres. jcCjamhu, perf. ajamhu, i. jamhi, 
 pass. Jd'ma, to say, to talk, to converse. 
 jame, m.pl. jamyat, conversation, discourse, 
 talk, vide Jambu. 
 
 jawe, f.pl., time of rain and increase. 
 jawu, give. 
 
 jea, pres. jejea, perf. oje'a, i. jeanC, (1) to graze 
 cr touch lightly ; (2) to scratch oneself. 
 jegu, c.pl.s., irritated, enraged, angry (of men 
 and animals). 
 jele, journey. 
 
 jelet, f.i)\. jelc'HJi (jeletji), splinter, chip, 
 je'leta, pres. jeje'leta, perf. aje'leta, i. jeletani, 
 to slide out, to slip, to stumble, to fall, 
 jengga, pres. Jejenrga, perf. ajengcja, i. jencj(j-(, 
 to swim. 
 
 ji'bi, m.pl. Jfhia (jibya), small snail. 
 jijo, pres. jijijb, perf. ajijo, i. jije, pass. jCb, to 
 grind (flour). 
 
 jik, pres. jijih, perf. ajil;, i. jihe, pas?, jfl-o, to 
 lead, to draw, to pull along, to drag (especially 
 cattle). 
 
 jikun, pres. jijihun, perf. ajihun, i. JiJ(u, pass. 
 jfkue, to lead on, to carry on. wide jik. 
 jo, pres. jojd, perf. ajo, i. Jone, to be enough, to 
 satisfy, to suffice. 
 
 jok, pres. jojoh, perf. ajoJc, i. joke, pass, jd^ka, 
 to punch (with the fi^t), to knock out, to thrash. 
 Ex : bolot ajolia = the dura is thrashed. 
 joket, m.pl. joketji (jo'ketji), (1) to blow with 
 the fist ; (2) to blow, vide jok. 
 jo'mani, f.pl. joman, ape, monkey. 
 jon, pres. jojon, perf. ajon, i. jo (jd'ta), pass. 
 jii e, to bring. Ex : nan jojd'n do kunye le = I 
 will bring you other milk. 
 jondya, pres. Jojondya, perf. ajondya, i. jondi, 
 pass, jue, to ijring. 
 
 jong, pres. jojong, perf. ajong, i. jonge, pass. 
 jonga, to take away, to lead away, to carry 
 way. 
 
 jongan, pres. jojoiujan, perf. ajongan, i. Jojige, 
 to be caught in a trap. 
 
 jonge, letter. 
 
 jor, f.pl. jorrt, pond. 
 
 jore, pres. jojore, perf. ajore, i. jorene, to be 
 plentiful. 
 
 jore {jore), c.pl.s. full, much, abundance, 
 many. 
 
 jolo, pres. jojold, perf ajolo, i. joloni, to go 
 away, to travel, ride j(d. 
 
 jon, pres. jdjdn. perf. ajon, i. jonf, to rain. 
 
 joruru, f.pl. jorurubt, hole, deepening, ex- 
 cavation. 
 
 ju, c.pl. jidin, friend. Ex : Julio = my friend ; 
 junio = my lady friend. 
 
 jii, pres. juju, perf. aju, i. jule'. pass, julb, to 
 ring, to toll. 
 
 ju, pres. juju, perf. aju, i. juje', pass. ju8, to 
 grind, to sharpen (a spear or arrow). 
 
 jii'ek (another form for ajok), m pi. jiiekbn, 
 satan. 
 
 jii'et, f.pl. ^'u'ei/'z, whetstone. vide./?2. 
 
 jufu, pres. jujiifu, perf. ajufu, i. jiifuni, to 
 clothe, to dress, to be dressed, to be attired. 
 
 juju, pres. juju, perf. ajtfju, i. jujune', pass. 
 jujua, to forbid, to prohibit. Ex : nan ajujua. 
 
 jujuk, i.]}\. jujulbn, breast (of animals). 
 
 jur, m.pl. jurbn, land, country. Ex : jnr Id 
 
 JBari = the Bari country. 
 
 jur-lo'-monye, fatherland. 
 
 juruddyo, pres. jujuruddyb, perf. ajurvddyb, i. 
 juruddijo, to sink. 
 
 K 
 
 kabe'lanit, c.pl. kabe'lak, (1) pensive, medi- 
 tative 1 erson ; (2) miser, niggard. 
 
 kabi'anit, c.pl. kabfak, a sucker, vide bi. 
 
 kabi'tonit, c.pl. kabi'tok, beater, vide bit (also 
 "flayer"). 
 
 kabongonit, c.pl. kabbn(,ok, one who hps for- 
 gotten somethiug. Ex : kaboniok-ti-Ngun — the 
 impious, heathen, vide bdnrori. 
 
 kabotok, flayer. 
 
 kabu'kanit, c.pl. kahfkak, a haughty, proud 
 person, vide buiju. 
 
 kabii'konit, c.pl. kabtikok, me who causes blood 
 to be shed. Ex : kabii kdnit-h-rima = a murder, 
 vide buk. 
 
 kabu'lonit, c.pl. kalulok, a mighty, powerful 
 person, vide buJo. 
 
 kabii'tonit, c.pl. kabutok, a beater, vide but. 
 
 kada'kanit, c.pl. kadakak, an envious person, 
 vide dak. 
 
 kade {kade'), c.\A. of geleng, (1) alone ; (2) 
 proper, peculiar. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 135 
 
 kade'lanit, c.pl. hade'lah, a secretive, mysterious 
 person, vide de. 
 
 kadelong (a second form for hade). 
 
 kaden, pi. of hiidini (tree), wood, log. 
 
 kade'nanit, c.pl. kade'uaJi, learned man. 
 scholar, vide den. 
 
 kaden-ti-kimang-, wood for fuel, logs for the fire. 
 
 kaderanit, c.pl. hade'raJ,-, cook, vide der. 
 
 kadi (kadi), n.pl. IcddCjllc, (I) room, house; 
 (2) in the plural, " village, parish." 
 
 kadi-na'dit, pi. hadi'Jik-nadidik, small room or 
 chamber. 
 
 kadi-na'-kwen, pi. kadi'Jik-ti-kiven, (1) bird- 
 house ; (2) bird's-nest. 
 
 kadi-na-lungguo, pi. kadijik-ti-lungtjudlon, 
 snail-liouse, snail-shell, vide hnvfjuo. 
 
 kadi'nanit, c.pl. kadi'nak, pupil, vide dC'nili. 
 
 kadi-na-todi'net, pi. kadi jik-ti-todi net, teach- 
 ing or school room, vide todCnet. 
 
 kadi-todf'net, for hidi-na-todinet. 
 
 kado'konit, c.pl. kadudok (kadul.ok), bearer, 
 carrier, vide dojiju. 
 
 kado'lanit, c.pl. kadoluk, seeker, searcher, 
 explorer, vide doya. 
 
 kado'nganit, c.pl. kadd'nijak, an elderly, old 
 man. vide dongga. 
 
 kadonge, m.pl. kadonge'lci, (l) the left hand; 
 (2) adj., c.pl.s. Ex : mdhot-kndo)n,e = the left 
 foot; ni'elo, ngiita n:6kot kadonge a ngode' = this 
 man limps with the left foot. (3) adv. (mostly 
 with the prefix a) akadonge' = left, to the left. 
 
 kado'ngonti, m.pl. kad i'nr,on, fly. 
 
 kadoyonit, m.c.pl. kadiiyok, merchant, trades- 
 man, vide dojn. 
 
 kadii'manit, c.pl. kadumak, thief (taker), vide 
 ihimnn. 
 
 kadii'mmanit, c.pl. kadiVmmak, cheat, vide 
 ditnnn. 
 
 kadu'ronit, c pi. kadurok, milker, milk-maid, 
 vide diirje. 
 
 kadii'runit, c.pl., the sufferer, sad person, vide 
 diiru. 
 
 kafa, f.pl. kafaki, possession. 
 
 kafa'lanit, c.pl. kafalak, hypocrite, dissembler, 
 vide payu. 
 
 kafati, f.pl. 7.a'/a, field, plain, pasturage. 
 
 kafelet, pi. kafelegin, uavel. 
 
 kafe'lonit, m.pl. kafe'lok, baker. 
 
 kafenggo, f.pl. kafencgoat, big sack or bag. 
 
 kafesanit, m.pl. kafe"sak, conqueror, vide 
 fesioi. 
 
 kafe'tanit, cj)!. ka/e''tak, a commander, master, 
 vide fet. 
 
 kafe'ti, m.pl. kafe, germ, sprig, bud. I 
 
 kafi'konit, c.pl. kafCkiJk, guide, leader (of i 
 men and animals). vide_/?7.-. I 
 
 kafi'ra, f.t. loiu-cloth, girdle. | 
 
 ka'fulet, f.pl. kafuletji, fog. i 
 
 kafu'tanit, c.i)l. kafutak, the highest bidder, 
 vide flit. 
 
 kafutat, f., boiled fat as in soup. 
 
 kagu, pros, kakagu, pert", akagii, i. kagi, pass. 
 kd'ka, to si)]it, to cleave. 
 
 kagii'manit, e.pl. liujumak-, slinger, thrower, 
 vide gum. 
 
 kag^we'anit, m.pl. hagwe"ak, (1) sculptor, 
 creator ; (2) pro-creator, genitor. vide gweja. 
 
 kagwi'e, c.pl. kagwi'ejhi, person crying, 
 mourner. 
 
 kagwo'nganit, c.pl. kagivo'vgnk. the dairy man 
 or maid, vide gwongga. 
 
 kagworonit, c.pl. kaiju-orijl; merchant, vide 
 gwoiij. 
 
 kaje (also kujye), adv., yesteiday. 
 
 kajikonit, c.pl. kajCkok, the leadtr, guide 
 (especially of an animal), vide jik. 
 
 kaji'onit, f.pl. kajiok, a grinder of corn, vide 
 jijo. 
 
 kajo'nganit, c.i)l. kajd'n^ak, messenger, carrier, 
 vide Jong. 
 
 kajolonit, c.pl. kajolok, traveller, wanderer, 
 vide Jold. 
 
 kajii {kajii), earlier, sooner, long time ago. 
 Ex : nan kaju aijmg sine = I heard that long 
 ago._ ^ 
 
 kajii'enit, c.pl. kajuek, messenger, porter, vide 
 Jon. 
 
 kajya, pi. of. togwok, calf. 
 
 kajye, adv., yesterday, vide kaJe. 
 
 kajye'lu {knje'lu), the day before yesterday, 
 vide lu. 
 
 kak, f, (1) earth, subterranean world ; (2) 
 under, in the deep ; (3) dowu. 
 
 kaka'manit, m.pl. kakamuk, rower, vide 
 kanthu. 
 
 kakatyo, c.pl. hikat, relative, relation, neigh- 
 bour, tribe. 
 
 kake'fanit, m.pl. kuke'fak, joiner, carpenter, 
 vide keba. 
 
 kakere'nyanit, c.pl. lakere'nyal; a tearer, a 
 render. 
 
 kak-gwe-amiise, twilight, the earth becomes 
 dark. 
 
 kakit, f.pl. kdkitan, head-cushion, vide ydkit. 
 
 kaki'tanit, c.pl. kakital;, workman, labourer, 
 vide lita. 
 
 kakkat, entrance. 
 
 kak-na-monye, fatherland. 
 
 kakoko'lonit, c.pl. kakoku'lok, a selfish person, 
 vide kokinjii. 
 
 kakii'runit, c.pl. hilti'ruk, peasant. vido 
 kurjii. 
 
 kakwa'kanit, c.pl. /.rtAH-a'/.a/i-, mediator, peace- 
 maker, vide kivagu. 
 
 kakwe'kanit, c.pl. htkive'^kak, an instrument 
 for opening, vide kiceja. 
 
136 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 kalrwelianit, c.pl. haliu''U<tli, (1) jierson 
 awake ; (2) the guard, the watchman, vide 
 Jiweli. 
 
 kakwe'yanit, c.pl. Icalii-e'yul; -witness, vide 
 liicealiii. 
 
 kalab, jn-es. laluilah, perf. alcalab, i. hahife, 
 pass. l;<ihif<i, to embrace, to hug. 
 
 kalaba, f.pl. hdabdjin, dish. 
 
 kalele'roti, f.pl. liitlele'ro, thistle. 
 
 kaliongonit, c.pl. liaU6n(;dk, a friendly friend. 
 Ex : nielo matut a. h. ku^wjutu ling = this chief is 
 friendly to every one. 
 
 kalii'dyanit, c.pl. laludyal; interpreter, vide 
 I tidy a. 
 
 kalii'fonit, m.pl. ludufoh, an adulterer, vide 
 h,f6. ^ 
 
 kalu'ngunit, c.pl. haltaKjiJl;, caller, crier, vide 
 lung. 
 
 kalubkonit, m.pl. l-aluokok, redeemer, saviour, 
 vide IkoJ:. 
 
 kaluti, f.pl. Id'leto, post, stake. 
 
 kalyeti {Jid'Ueti), f.pl. halye (J>alie), torch, 
 flambeau. 
 
 kama'nanit (l;auiananit), c.pl. ]:<imd'nal;, 
 enemy, hater, vide man. 
 
 kama'ng-anit, c.pl. lamd'ngal; slanderer, back- 
 biter, vide mang. 
 
 ka'mara, pres. kalid' mara , perf. cild'mara, i. 
 laniard, pass, kamd'ji, to row about. 
 
 kamara'nganit, c.pl. lamard'ngak, scoffer, 
 reviler, abuser, vide maranggul;. 
 
 kama'tanit, c.pl. htmd'tak, drinker, drunkard, 
 vide niojn. 
 
 kambu, pres. iMkamhu, perf. alriinhii, i. kamhi, 
 pass. Id'ma (aho IrtmcVJi), to row. 
 
 kame, m.pl. lam^lan, spoon. 
 
 kame'ranit, c.pl. kameWak, an intoxicated 
 person, a drunkard, vide meran. 
 
 katnoka (kamoka), sandal. 
 
 kamo'ranit, c.pl. kamd'rak, 
 maker, vide mora. 
 
 kamoronit, m.pl. kamorok, 
 Y arrior ; (2) tempter, seducer. 
 
 kamuket, m.pl. kamuka, shoe. 
 
 kamulak, f.t., spittle. 
 
 kamye, c.pl. lamyeji, ill, sick, vide ko and 
 myen. 
 
 kana, (1) adj., c.p\s. vain, idle; (2) adv. only, 
 in vain, vainly. 
 
 kana'reti, f.pl. ka'nare, red glass beads. 
 
 ka'nat (instead of mukd'nat), five. 
 
 kang, suff.pl., our. 
 
 kanga, c.pl. kangd\jin, (1) strong, powerful, 
 courageous ; (2) angry, wrathful. 
 
 ka'nga'ranit, c.pl. ka^ngu'rak, assistant, mate, 
 comrade, vide ngard'kin. 
 
 ka'nge'ranit, c.pl. kd'nge'Wal;, reaper, harvester, 
 vide nger. 
 
 mediator, peace- 
 
 (1) combatant, 
 vide noro. 
 
 kangit (Art instead of /,/( (Ao) and nje), (1) by, 
 from, to — him, her ; (2) his, her, kd'nyet. 
 
 kango, (1) out of doors. Ex: nan a kango = 
 I am out of doors. (2) out, outside. Ex : nge 
 tutu kango = ho is going out ; iti kanjo = go 
 outside. 
 
 ka'ngoyonit, c.pl. kangijyok, liar, cheat, vide 
 ngiikiyi. 
 
 kanokonit, f.pl. kanokok, a feeder, uourisher. 
 vide noju. 
 
 kanyet (Jid'nyet), sufi5x.pl., his, her. 
 
 ka'onggoti, f.pl. kaonggo, rind, bark. 
 
 kaotok, skinner, flayer. 
 
 karab, pres. kakarah, perf. akarah, i. karafe, 
 pass, kard'/a, to take under the wing, to protect. 
 
 karafa, pres. kakarafa, perf. al.arafa, i. kara- 
 fani, pass, karafdri, to set on eggs, to hatch. 
 
 karan, pres. kukd'ran, perf. akaran, i. karane, 
 to go to ruin. 
 
 kare, m.pl. karya, river, stream, the Xile. 
 
 karekanit (l.arerJ'kanit), m.pl. kart'kak (Jia- 
 rere'kak), shackle, vide rek. 
 
 kare-16'gulu, m. channel, bed of river, vide 
 Id'gulu. 
 
 kare'manit, m.pl. kare'mak, carpenter, vide 
 retnba. 
 
 kare'monit, c.pl. kare'mok, murderer, vide 
 remhii. 
 
 kare're, f.pl. kare'retji, nostril. 
 
 karia'kanit, c.pl. karid'kak, robber, disputant, 
 wrangler, vide riagn. 
 
 karidya Qmrfdia), f.pl. karidyak {kari'diak^, a 
 pregnant woman. 
 
 kari'n, f.t., name. Ex : karCn kice Kutuk- 
 ndsulyeng = my name is Goldmouth ; karin- 
 kunok Mohamed = your name is Moliamed. 
 
 kari'nganit, c.pl. karingak, avenger, chastiser. 
 vide ring. 
 
 karingila, wild onion. 
 
 karo'fanit, c.pl. kard'fak, donor, rewarder. 
 vide roh. 
 
 karrara, exile. 
 
 karudya, pres. kakarndya, perf. alariidya, i. 
 karudyc, big, to be worthy, deserving, to merit. 
 
 karii'konit, c.pl. karukok, scholar, follower, 
 pupil, vide rug. 
 
 karut, pres. kakarut, perf. akarid, i. liarite, 
 pass, kariita, to exchange, to barter. 
 
 karu'takin, pres. kakani'fakin, perf. akaruta- 
 kin, i. karutaki, pass, karutaki, to exchange, to 
 barter. 
 
 karu'tanit, c.pl. lanftak, (1) exchanger; (2) 
 heir, inheritor. 
 
 karu'tet, f.pl. karutetji, (1) exchange, barter ; 
 (2) goods bartered ; (3) inheritance, heritage. 
 
 kasa'ranit, m.pl. ];asarak, a judge, vide sar. 
 
 kase (kd'se), jd. of lo'se (nase), really, lo'se, na'se, 
 pi. ka'se. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 137 
 
 kasiri, pi. Imsar, star. 
 kasirokoti, f., evening star. 
 kaso'nyonit, c.pl. kaso'nyok, messenger (male 
 or female), vide son. 
 
 kas6'nyonit-16'-ngun, i)\. Jmsd'nyolti-n'jun, 
 apostle, angel, 
 kasoseri, m.pl. liasoserijin, incense, 
 kasii'kanit, c.pl. Icasiihah, comforter, consoler, 
 vide suija. 
 
 kasii'manit, c.pl. /wfsw'/i^a/i", poisoner. videsHJii. 
 kasii'ronit, c.pl. Jiasurok, greedy, gluttonous 
 men (also of animals), vide sitr. 
 kata, (1) subst. n.pl. lata Jin, the interior, 
 inside ; (2) adv. inward, interior. 
 kata'anit, c.pl. l-atd'ak, narrator, vide td. 
 katabi'anit, c.pl. latahfal; suckling, vide bi. 
 kata'lafaddu, c.pl. hdd\jin-l<ifaddu, cruel, 
 horrible, terrible (lit. cruel intentions). 
 kata'-na'ke, c.pl. hutajin-na'l^e, friendly. Ex : 
 silo n'jutii ntjiifi liaidjin-nd'ke hi' njutu Jnilye = 
 these people (are) always friendly to other 
 people. 
 
 katelanit, c.pl. Ixatdah, conqueror, victor, vide 
 teya. 
 katerot {hderoH), c.pl.s., cold, 
 kati'kanit, m.pl. /la^i'AaA-, conqueror. videfZ/tHM. 
 katiti'manit, ci^l. l-atitCmaJi, an over-curious, 
 inquisitive, forward person, vide titiiuba. 
 kati'yunit, c.pl. ladCyuli, guard, shepherd, 
 vide tiju. 
 
 katobi'anit, c.pl. Imtobfak, doctor, vide tdbi'u. 
 katode'nanit, c.pl. Imtod'/nal;, teacher, one 
 who gives instruction. 
 
 katodi'nanit, c.pl. hatodCnal;, teacher, vide 
 todinil;in. 
 
 katogo'ranit, c.pl. ladoijo'ral; pry, spy. vide 
 toijorja. 
 katoke'Ianit, m.pl. Icatolce'lak, sanctifier, puri- 
 fier, vide helan. 
 
 katoro'nyanit, c.pl. hdoi-d'nyah, sinner, one 
 who does evil, vide toron. 
 katoyufonit, c.p\. l;atoyuf6h, one who helps 
 others to believe, vide yiif. 
 katulii'kuti, f.pl. hd'toloh, egg. 
 kau, f.pl. liaulci, whip, 
 kaure'leng, f., matter of the eye. 
 kau'ronit (icaicu ronit), c.pl. hauroh (l;awu roh), ^ 
 writer, designer. 
 kaweyanit, c.pl. l:awe'y<(l; sower, vide weja. 
 kawi'ranit, c.pl. laivfral-, spy. vide wirja. 
 ka-yang (kayang'), by, for, from, to, of, under — 
 us. 
 kaya'tani, f.pl. hayd, tripe, giblets. 
 kaye'kanit (Jiaye'hanit), c.pl. 1;aycl;al:, mes- 
 senger, bearer, carrier, vide yeija. 
 kayekanit - lo - robangga, pi. Imye'hah-ti- 
 rohunijija, priest, bearer of sacrifices, vide yega 
 and roban'jga. 
 
 kaye'manit, c.pl. haye'mah, bridegroom (bride). 
 vide yemba and yema. 
 
 kayi'nganit, c.pl. ImyCmjalc, auditor, hearer, 
 vide yin<j. 
 kayne (hayne), f.pl. Id'yneli, horse, ass, mule. 
 kay6'lonit, c.pl. Icayriloh, singer, vide yolo. 
 kay6'yuanit, c.pl. Imyoyaah, suiter, wooer, 
 vide yoyd'Ja. 
 
 kayokonit, m.pl. l-ayohoJc, commander, master, 
 vide yilli. 
 kayolonit, c.pl. IcayGloli, visitor, vide yoyn. 
 kayu'fonit, cjil. hayufoh, a believer, vide yub. 
 kayii'kunit, c.pl. hayiiknh, shepherd, vide 
 yiuiu. 
 
 kayii'kunit - lo(na) - ki'juk, pi. hayuknk - ti- 
 ki juk, cowherd. 
 
 kayu'nanit, c.pl. kayunak, a packer, vide 
 ynn. 
 
 kayii'nguenit, f.pl. kayunguek {kayunguejin), 
 woman in labour. 
 
 kayii'ranit, c.pl. kayiVrak, an incendiary, vide 
 i yirr.^ 
 
 ka'yuti, f.pl. kd'yot, woman in childbed, vide 
 ynddu\ 
 kayii'tunit, c.pl. kayutnk, nourisher, main- 
 tainer, supporter. 
 
 ke, pres. keke, perf. ake, i. kele, pass, ke'lo, to 
 roast. 
 
 keba, pros, ke'keba, perf. akeba, i. keb(, pass. 
 kefa, to work in wood, to carpenter. 
 kedite, ui.pl. kedyat, supports of a roof. 
 kefoddu (Jiofoddu), pres. kekefoddu, perf. 
 akefoddu, 1. kefoddi, to go after, to follow 
 after. 
 ke'foro, defect, verb., to follow, to come after. 
 kefot, n., scab, itch, jiimples. 
 kegbor, ant-heap. 
 keji, pi. kejine, enclosure. 
 
 kek, pres. kekek, perf. akek, i. kegi, pass, ke'ka, 
 to befall, to meet (to shoot dead). 
 kelan, pres. kehe'lan, perf. ake Ian, i. kel<f, to be 
 clean. 
 kele, m.pl. kd'la, tooth. 
 
 kele-Io-tome, jil. kd'la-ti-tome {kd'lu-ti-tomya), 
 ivory, elephant's tusks. 
 kelet, cleanliness, purity, chastity. 
 kelun, pres. keke'hm, perf. ake'lun, i. kelu, 
 to dawn. 
 
 ken, pres. kelcen, perf. aken, i. henye, pas8. 
 kenya, to tear. Ex : nan aken bonjgo = I tore 
 the dress. 
 
 ke'n, pres. kekc'n, perf. ake'n, i. kene, pass. 
 ke'na, to count, 
 kendya, pres. ke'kendya, perf. akendya, i. 
 kendyc, to tear (intrans.). vide ken. 
 ke'ndya, pres. keke'ndya, perf. alx'ndya, i. 
 kendi, pass. ke"na, to count, vide kc'"n. 
 kene, f.pl. kenya, bough, branch. 
 
138 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 kene-nddit, pi. henya-nd'didil; branch, little 
 branch, twig. 
 
 kenet, f.pl. Ix'netji, enumeration, reckoning, 
 account. 
 
 kengge, c.pl. liewjijc^he, dwarf, pigmy. 
 
 kere, f.pl. herya, bottle (generally a gourd- 
 skin). 
 
 keren, pres. hele'ren, perf. ahe'ren, i. Icerenye, 
 pass, lerenya, to tear. 
 
 kere-na'-meme, pi. kerya-tC-men.e, g]asshottle, 
 really india-rubber bottle (the natives originally 
 mistook glass for india-rubber). 
 
 kerendya, pros, lelierendya, perf. alerendya, 
 i. }:erendye, pass, kerenya, to tear, to tear to 
 pieces. 
 
 ki, f., (1) the heaven, firmament ; (2) above, 
 upon ; (3) air. Ex : />/ and'nin Ico'tyamj = the 
 air is damp in the evening. 
 
 kiase'r, f.pl. hiasi'ril:, si»ter. 
 
 kibi, m.pl. Idhyet (Id'hiet), sycamore (tree and 
 fruit). 
 
 kibo, m.pl. hihojin, ship. 
 
 kibo-16'dit, pi. Idbojin-lo'didih, boat, skiff. 
 
 kiden, f , (1) middle ; (2) in the midst. 
 
 ki'di, m.pl. l;Vdia (lidya), well, spring. 
 
 kidih, pi. l.klja, arm. 
 
 kidir, f pi. hidirino, back (of men and animals). 
 
 kido, f.pl. lidoni, chest (of men). 
 
 ki'et {h''yet), f.pl. Ifetji, (1) rising, mounting; 
 (2) ladder, staircase, vide lija. 
 
 kiffia, gun. 
 
 kikiji, pi. hildjiga, orphan. 
 
 kikindya, ride. 
 
 kikira, pregnant (up to three months). 
 
 kiko, 1)1. Idholin, path. 
 
 kilolong, pi. Idsi, lamb. 
 
 kimang, fire. 
 
 kimurte, fpl. Idmnr, mosquito. 
 
 kina, bread. 
 
 ki'na, pi. Idnatji, breast (of women). 
 
 kinat, pi. Idnasin, udder. 
 
 kine, pi. idin, goat. 
 
 kinga, year. 
 
 kinio, pi. ldnio(j(n, crocodile. 
 
 ki'ni6, food. 
 
 kisanak, f.pl. Idsa'nalum, big goose (with red 
 
 crest and red forehead), 
 kiser {Mse'r), m., beginning of the rainy 
 
 season. 
 kita, employment, labour, work. 
 kiten, pi. Jdsn, cattle, 
 kitun, f.pd. Iftiiton, the black viper. 
 kiwe, pres. Inldwe, perf. alcfwe, i. Jdicem' 
 
 (hiur), to climb, to ascend, 
 kiwe-kak, to descend. 
 kiwundya, pres. Idlduundya, perf. aldioundya. 
 
 i. Iriwundye, to mount, to rise, to swoop down 
 
 (as birds). 
 
 ko, (1) prepos. = with. Ex : hudo ((a, se) - with 
 thee (you, they). (2) conjunct. = if, supposing 
 that. Ex : 1:6^ do iryanyar = if you wish (with 
 your consent). (3) negat. partic. of the verb 
 and prefixed to the root forms the negat. 
 imjj. Ex : ho wjesu, lo kvlvya = do not eat, 
 do not steal. With the prefix a (aho) it is 
 negat. Ex : nan alio ngesu = I have not eaten. 
 (4) with the substant. baba, ycmjo, monye, and 
 H<,ote it forms a pi. prefix. 
 
 k6, pres. A-oA-o, perf. ahi, i. Ivne, pass, lo'a, to 
 bite. Ex : Icaje diong ako' nan = yesterday a 
 dog bit me. 
 
 kob, pres. hol;oh, perf. alcoh, i. hofe, pass. A-o"/c(, 
 to catch. 
 
 koba, pres. lo'loba, perf. alid'ba, i. Icobi, pass. 
 ];(ifd, to patch, to stitch together. 
 
 kobaba, pi. of baba, father. 
 
 ko'bubub, f , daybreak, vide bud. 
 
 kode, or, perhaps, almost. Ex : nd'n hode do = 
 I or thou ; l:ode nan fofo = perhaps I will come. 
 
 kode . . . kode, either ... or. 
 
 kodih, few. 
 
 kodii, m.pl. lodulan, hill. 
 
 ko'et, f.pl. hfetji, deed, act. vide Ao?? and ];onet. 
 
 Kofa'jur (Ao /a' jur), village near Gondogoro 
 (literally " do not forsake home, stay at home " ). 
 
 kofir-ti-konyen, eye-lashes. 
 
 kofir-ti-nyeken, beard (hair on the chin). 
 
 kofor, fpl. l;6\foro, box, chest, coflSn. 
 
 ko-gii'du, c.pl.s. humpbacked, hunchbacked, 
 vide (judu. 
 
 koja, pres. lu'hoja, perf alo'Ja, i. hoji, pass. 
 Id'a, to bite. Ex : nan aJw'a Ao' clionj = I have- 
 been bitten by a dog. 
 
 koka, f.pl. J:o];aJin, leopard (tiger). 
 
 ko'ko'-ko'ko', Len-house. 
 I ko. . . kode (instead of lode . . . lode), if . . . or not. 
 '• koko'lakin, pres. hold'lalin, perf. alold'lalin, 
 
 i. lolvJal-i, pass, lolulaki, to steal for someone. 
 
 koko'let, fpl. lolcd'letji, theft, robber, vide 
 l-d'loya. 
 
 kokori'te, f.pl. Icolvri, root. 
 
 ko'koya, pres. hu^l-oya, perf alid'loya, i. loho'i, 
 
 pass, hohd'la, to steal. 
 
 koko'yu, pres. lold'yu, perf. alcoM'yu, i. holio'i 
 
 to be selfish, self-seeking, covetous. . ^ 
 
 ko-kure, c.pl.s. thirsty, vide Imre'. " 
 
 kola, urine. 
 
 kolanit, c.pl. lolal; thief vide l;dl;oya. 
 
 kolieti, m.pl. hoUe, parrot. 
 
 kolle, short toe. 
 
 ko'lo, m.jil. l-u'Iolo, a small hammer. 
 
 kolong, f. the sun. (The Bari judges of time 
 
 by the position of the sun.) 
 kolong-adoro, sunset. 
 kolong-amu'ko, solar-eclipse (" the 6un is 
 
 covered "). vide 7nul. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 139 
 
 kolong-lofukun, sunrise. 
 
 kolo'rotot, in. pi. hold'ro, the white " wcod- 
 eating " ant. 
 
 ko-magor, c.pl.s. himgry (with hunger), vide 
 mcnior. 
 
 komong, f.pl. liomosi'lMn, face. 
 
 komonit (Ivmonit), c.pl. loinon. stranger, guest. 
 
 ko'monye, pi. of monye, father, master. 
 
 ko-muri, c.pl.s. feverish (with fever), vide 
 nuiri. 
 
 kon, pros. Icolcon, perf. alion, i. l;one, pass, hi'na, 
 to make, to do. 
 
 ko-na (li-o-nd), (1) on that account, for this 
 reason ; (2) when. 
 
 kon-alogo, hard, to make strong, vide l:on 
 and lo'ijo. 
 
 kon-ana'go, hard, to make strong. 
 
 kondya, pres. hohondya, perf. alondya, i. Lvndi 
 (also l;om'), pass. l{6'na, to make, vide hon. 
 
 konet, f. the making trade. 
 
 konga, flying termites. 
 
 konge, m.pl. lonyen, (1) eye ; (2) fruit (especi- 
 ally of a tree). 
 
 konge-geleng (]:o-lionije-r;elen'j), c.pl.s. one- 
 eyed (with one eye). 
 
 ko-ngyo, wherewith, whereby, whereon, with 
 what. 
 
 ko'-nut (honnt), by (fiom, to) thee. 
 
 konyen-tf'-kaden, fruit (eyes of the tree). 
 
 konyen-won, pres. l;omjen-wowon (wowon- 
 J,-oiajen), perf l;onyen-awon, i. xcone-lconyen, to feel 
 pity, to pity (with weeping eyes), vide won. 
 
 kor, pres. lolor, perf. akor, i. hore, pass. M''ra, 
 to divide, to share. 
 
 koret, m.pl. horJHJi, small basket (used also 
 as a unit of measurement). 
 
 korimun, porridge. 
 
 kori'ri, f. afternoon. 
 
 korja, pres. holorja, perf. alw'rja, i. lorji 
 (l-nre), pass. Ico^ra, to distribute, to divide, vide 
 /.(.*■. 
 
 koro'do, c.pl.s. dirty, filthy. 
 
 koro'doti, f.pl. liorodo, dirt, excrement. 
 
 koro'fotat (lonfoti), f.pl. lorofo, loaf of a tree, 
 else leaf of paper, etc. 
 
 koroko, leg (below the knee). 
 
 koruk, m.pl. lorukan, raven, crow. 
 
 koruket, obedient. 
 
 koso, m.pl. liosojin, tobacco-pouch. 
 
 kotet, tail. 
 
 kotofu-ti-kidja, shoulders. 
 
 ko-towyli-lo'but, c.pl s. merciful, compassion- 
 ate. 
 
 kotumit (Jwtomii), f.pl. lotunti'tji {lotumi'tdn), 
 opening, door. 
 
 kotumo'lu, to-morrow. 
 
 ko'tyang, (1) f. evening; (2) adv. in the 
 evening. 
 
 ko'un, pres. holcd'un, perf. akd'un, i, hoii, pass. 
 ho'a (kd'e), to bite, vide l:d. 
 
 koyure (Jutyurr, l;o-yt(re), (1) morning; (2) in 
 the morning. E.K : diha loyttre, this morning, 
 vide yiire. 
 
 ko, pres. IMS, perf. alio, 1. loIi, pass, hold, to let, 
 to allow. 
 
 ko, f.pl. lojin, war. 
 
 kobbu, pres. IMobhu, perf. al.ohbii, i. I.dbbi, to 
 follow. 
 
 kobityo, f.pl. hdbyhi, sheep. 
 
 kobungot {[,djuu dl), f.pl. ldbu.ni,olji, air, wind. 
 
 kobungot-na-kak, air surrounding the earth. 
 
 kobungot-na-ki, air (high up), upper air. 
 
 kobungot-na-koyure, morning wind (also east 
 wind). 
 
 kobungot-na-loki, south wind. 
 
 koburjo, pres. hdhdbur^o, perf. ahoburjo, i. ko- 
 biirje, pass, kdbnrd, to complicate, to fret. 
 
 kodi, f pi. kddi'et, gourd, pumpkin. 
 
 kodini (kddini), m.pl. kaden, tree (in the plural, 
 wood, logs). Ex : ni'elo kddini (a) lio = this 
 tree is mine. 
 
 kodio, nearly, almost (often strengthened by 
 alintj, quite, entirely). 
 
 kodu'duo, f.pl. kddudiidldn, shadow (only of 
 men and animals). 
 
 kofu, f.pl. Idfudf, shovel, small plough. 
 
 k6fukd,"pres. Idkdfuko, perf. akdful.o, i. kdfu- 
 kmn', to stumble, to trip, to fall. 
 
 kofukoni, f pi. Id/ukon, wing. 
 
 kofurot, f.pl. kd/iirdtji, smoke. 
 
 kogumot, see kdbun_,dt, air, wind, also " sand- 
 storm." 
 
 koi'mot, f. sesame (roasted antl then grated). 
 
 koji, f.pl. Idji'nd, stable, pen, fold. 
 
 koli, m.pl. ];dlfsi, song. 
 
 kolifonit, m.pl. kdli'findk, boy. 
 
 kolokin, pres. Idl.dJdkin, perf. aldldkin, i. 
 kdldki, pass. kdJd (Idldki), to leave someone, 
 to abandon something, to leave behind, to 
 forgive. 
 
 kolokin-bot, to leave behind, vide kdldkin. 
 
 komyru, m.pl. kdmi'rudt, lion. 
 
 konin, m.pl. Idni'ji, hand. 
 
 koni'n-lo-tome, pi. Idni'Ji-ti-tomya, elephant's 
 tiunk. 
 
 konyu'mi, m.pl. konyum, sesame. 
 
 kor, pres. kdkdr, perf. alor, i. Idri, pass, kdrd, 
 (1) to disturb, to destroy ; (2) to squander. 
 
 korijb, f pi. ldri,'dki, puerpera. 
 
 korit, f.pl. kdri'tji, clesolation, devastation. 
 
 kot, pres. kdldt, perf. akdt, i. kuti, pass, kdtd, to 
 wound, to hurt. 
 
 kotu'roni, f pi. kdturSn, blossom, flower, vide 
 turd. 
 
 ku, at. by. Ex: dika lun'jace'r lio (iiod'n ku 
 bubu = to-elay my brother was at father's. 
 
140 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 kii, pres. latlu, perf. alii, i. l-nne, pass, liiyn, to 
 wound. 
 
 kubi, f.pl. liuhilan, net. 
 
 kudi, pres. Am Icndi, perf. alaidi, i. l;adu', pass. 
 1it(di"Io, to look, to see, to view. 
 
 kudik, c.pl.s. little (also adv.). 
 
 kudofoti, f.j)l. littdojot, dust. 
 
 kudu, ft. rain. 
 
 kudue, f.pl. hudue'ni {Imdnt'hi), a mother 
 animal. 
 
 kuferu'te, f pi. l-ufeni, fin. 
 
 kufirot, m.pl. Jaifir, hair, feather. 
 
 kufir-ti-kutuk, moustache. 
 
 kufir-ti-nyeken, beard (hair on the chin). 
 
 kufo, m.pl. hiifojin, basket. 
 
 kuga, pres. liu Jnuja, perf. almija, i. litKje, pass. 
 Itil.d, to give a present to the parents of the bride. ' 
 
 kujeti, f.pl. I'uje, grain of sand (pi. sand). i 
 
 kujirat, f.pl. lnjir, corner of the eye. 
 
 kujone'et, f. fear. I 
 
 kujonit, c.pl. hiijondl; a timid person, a coward, j 
 vide jujono. \ 
 
 kii'jbno, pres. laihu'jdno, perf. alcujono, i. , 
 Imjononi, to be afraid, to dread. 
 
 kujono-na'-Ngun, the fear of God. 
 
 kujotot, f.pl. liiijo {liuje), vide liujeti. 
 
 kujukit, f.pl. l-HJuln'ten, mortar. 
 
 kukudi, pres. l;uhudi, perf. almhudi, i. Imliudin", 
 pass, liulnulila, to tickle. 
 
 kukudi, m.pl. luludilun, arm-hole. 
 
 kukii'dija, pres. Imliudija, perf. ahuTnidija, i. 
 l;ul;udiji', pass. l;ul;udia, to tickle. 
 
 kii'kuli, f.pl. l;ul:u, durah straw. 
 
 ku'kuon, verb used as adverb, public. vide/,/(OH. 
 
 kuky, f.pl. huli, charcoal. 
 
 kula, pres. Intlcuhi, perf. ahiVla, i. l;iduni, to 
 pass urine, to make water. 
 
 kulok, suflSx pl.m. thy, f. lunol: 
 
 kulii'jite, m.pl. l.idu'Ji, (wild) rice. 
 
 kulu'ngeri, m.pl. hnhir'oiKj, (wild) olive-tree. 
 
 kulya, pres. Imlndya, perf uhulya, i. lulyanf, 
 to talk, to speak. Ex: nan Jcnlidya Bari = I 
 speak Bari. 
 
 kulya, f.t. language. Ex : lulya ti Bari = the 
 Bari language. 
 
 kulya' et, f pi. lulya etjin, conversation, speech. 
 
 kulyatat, f pi. Indyujin, word, vide ladya. 
 
 kume, m.pl. Juaucjiu, nose (pi. also Jiumusfhon'). 
 
 kumure, nuts. 
 
 kungoru, pi. hunrjorot, shield. 
 
 kungii, m.pl. Itnyjiidt, knee. 
 
 kunu'reg, f.pl. hunureld, handle of the 
 hatchet. 
 
 kunyar, pres. l.iVnmyar, perf. al-unyar, i. /.«- 
 nyaiT (also 7.-*(hj/«>), pass. l;unyara,io take care. 
 
 kunyitat, f. brain, marrow-bone. 
 
 kuon, pres. lu liion, perf ahuon, i. Imom 
 (laine), to be known everywhere. 
 
 kuoro, pres. l-aln'oro, perf. alii'vjo, i. J.Koro, to 
 spread, to get acquainted. 
 kure, m.pl. Icnrejin, thirst. 
 kurejati, m.pl. Imre'ja, a species of small 
 grained wheat (in Arabic-dukn). 
 kuretet, pi. Imru, caterpillar. 
 kuri, pi. Icnrilen, kite. 
 kurit, f.pl. luriton, giraffe. 
 kurju (seldom lorju), pres. hul-nrjii, perf. 
 aliirjn, i. hurji', pass. ];uru (J;uru), to cultivate, 
 to ijlough. 
 kuro, pres. hukuro, perf. alni rij, i. kuroni, to 
 be ashamed, 
 kurok (l-iiron), f.t. ashes. 
 kurii'duet, cjiLs. twin. 
 kurutet, m.pl. luru, worm. 
 kusii'ru, f.pl. liusu'ruot, a small bag. 
 kut, pres. l-idud, perf. ahtd, i. hnh'', pass. l;u'ta, 
 to blow (an instrument). 
 kut-kiliba, to play on the flute (a whistle), 
 vide liut. 
 
 kutuk (lotoh), f.pl. hutusen, mouth, jaw. 
 
 kuyii'tyo, m.pl. ]:uyii, leg bone. 
 
 k'wadd, pres. Iwulwadd, perf. alncadd, i. 
 lacaddC (more often Incase), pass. ];icasa, to 
 honour, respect, to praise. 
 
 kwagu, pres. l^walwagu, perf. alacaiju, i. lavaji, 
 pass, liu-dliu, to mediate, to make peace. 
 
 kwaje (licajye), (1) f.pl. Inmjelin, the night ; 
 (2) adv. at night. 
 
 kwaje-kiden, midnight. 
 
 kwaje-lulur, to-night. 
 
 kwaket (laalet), m.pl. livdVcetJi, fork. 
 
 kwrara (Jmd'ra), m.pl. lard'rali, pincers, tongs 
 (especially fire-tongs). 
 
 kwaru (/.»«'}•«), m.pl. Icica'rujin {Inuirujin). 
 leopard. 
 
 kwaset, f esteem, regard, respect, honour. 
 
 kwe, f.pl. Inji'l, (1) head, top; (2) the first, 
 especially with the prefix Id'na {Idhive, nd'lwe, 
 also IdVcolcice, ndlcolice); (3) cause, reason, 
 generally with the prefix a, alive (a lice), on 
 account of. 
 
 kwe, suffix pi. my. 
 
 kweddya, pres. Icweliceddya, j^erf. alweddya, i. 
 liceddi, pass. lici'Ut, to wink, nod. 
 
 k'wega, pres. Iwe'lwega, perf. al-we'ija, i. liceju 
 pass. Iwe'la, to open. Ex : a nut. 
 
 kweja, pres. Iweliveja, perf. alwe'ja, i. Itcejt, 
 pass. Iwe'yu, to give testimony, to witness, to 
 affirm, to declare. 
 
 kwekani, m.pl. Iwe'lan, blood-sucker (a bird 
 somewhat smaller than a crow, which sucks 
 blood from animals). 
 
 kwekin, pres. Iwe'lwelin, perf. aliio€Tsin, i. 
 l-icel(, pass, liceli, (1) to witness for another ; 
 (2) to give evidence ; (3) to remind. 
 
 kwekwedja, whistle. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 141 
 
 kwelen, pres. lnvehwe'len, perf. aJnce'Uen, i. 
 hwelewie. to be beautiful. 
 
 kweli, pres. Inceltweli, perf. aliwe'li, i. hioeline, 
 to wake, to watch, not to be sleepy. 
 
 kwelit, f. waking, watchfulness, vigilance. 
 
 kweni, pres. lacekweni, perf. akwe'ni, i. hwenine, 
 to laugh, to laugh at. 
 
 kweniakin, pres. Incekwenialnn, perf. aliwe'ni- 
 (ildn, i. lacenidlii, pass, hwe'^niald, to supply, to 
 complete, to restore. 
 
 kwenti, f.pl. hieen, bird. 
 
 kwrenyet, f.pl. kwenyetji, supplement, comple- 
 ment, addition. 
 
 kweyet, f.pl. Inoeyetji, (1) witness, testimony ; 
 (2) sign, mark, token, vide hweja. 
 
 kwilok, m.pl. Inoilolcon, osprey. 
 
 kwok'wo, f.pl.s. meal. 
 
 kwongo, eyebrow. 
 
 k^vo'roko, m.pl. J.ivorohi'Io, leg, shin-bone. 
 
 kwo, pres. lavokwo, iterf. uIlWo, i. l;u-om, to 
 bathe. 
 
 kwodd, pres. ku-dJiwodd, perf. alirodd, i. 
 licoddi. pass, liwoto, to pick up, to glean (especi- 
 ally the former). 
 
 k^voddu, pres. Jncokwoddu, perf. alcwdddii, i. 
 Iwoddi (kicolacoddi), pa^s. Jncoto, (1) to pick up ; 
 (2) to collect, to gather. 
 
 kwrong Qniowj), never. Ex : nan aT:6 fjicon 
 I- now I (also nan laiomj a1;d (jwon) = I have never 
 been. 
 
 kworinit, c.pl. Jnvdrinilu, (1) rich ; (2) happy, 
 blessed, blissful. 
 
 kyati, f.pl. lyat, doleb palm. 
 
 laba'kin, pres. lalahaldn, perf. alahalin, i. 
 Juhahi, to jumji in, to fall in (into). 
 
 labara, jump. 
 
 labu'n, pres. lalahiTn, perf. ahdmn, i. hhi, to 
 leap out or forth, to hop, skip, hither. 
 
 lafaddu, pres. luhifadda, perf. alafaddu, i. 
 lafaddi, to be terrible, horrible, cruel. 
 
 lago, to undo. 
 
 lago, f.i>l. lago'jin, a species of small gazelle. 
 
 laju, ablution. 
 
 iak, pres. Jalal;, perf. aJal;, i. lake, pass. Jaka, 
 to loosen, luibind, to free. 
 
 laka (J.-arkodak). 
 
 laket, f.pl. Id'ketji, loosening, remission, 
 indulgence. 
 
 lakoforat, moth. 
 
 lala, pres. lala, perf. <d(da, i. hdaji. pass. laid. 
 to wash. 
 
 lala'et, f.pl. luld'etji, washing. 
 
 lalaju, pres. Md'ju, perf. alald'Ju, i. Maji, 
 pass, laid (lald'ri), to wash, to baptize, vide 
 lala. 
 
 lalet, m.pl. Uan, husband, spouse. 
 
 lam, pres. Mam, perf. alam, i. lame, to skip, jump. 
 
 lanff. pres. lalamj, perf. alanij,\. lun<je, to jump, 
 or spring over. 
 
 lang-o, c.pl. Wngoki, undressed, naked. 
 
 la'nyakin, pres. lald'nyakin,Y)er{. ulanyakin, i. 
 lanyaki, pass. hVnyaki, to pa.ss by somebody. 
 
 la'un, pres. lahVun, perf. aWun, i. leu, to be 
 indifferent. 
 
 la'undya, pres. laWundya, jjerf. ald'vndya, i. 
 hfnndyd, pass. Idii, to neglect, to slight. 
 
 la we, pi. loyd, cartriclge (empty), tHili. 
 
 laya, f pi. layal (layat;in), oar, rudder. 
 
 le, f.t. milk, vide Ittat. 
 
 lebiju, great, large. 
 
 lege, Jeije'), c.pl. le(;eluk, another. 
 
 lejin, cans or pails for milk. 
 
 lek, eunuch (natural). 
 
 lele, f. nene, pl.m. kidye, f pi. kiinye, (1) one, a 
 certain person ; (2) another. Ex : lele hot lele = 
 one after the other; lele ko hie (one with 
 another) = one with the other. 
 
 lele, f pi. lelya, (1) rock, stone. Ex : Tyrol ko 
 lelya lodCr (Jore) = tliere are many rocks in the 
 Tyrol ; (2) bald, bare (like a stone). 
 
 lele-an, f nene-ayi, m.pl. knlye-au, f.pl. kiinye- 
 an, no one, nobody. 
 
 lele-lalet, f. vene nakwcn, m.pl. kidye-Uan,L\\. 
 kunye-u-dte, another person. 
 
 lelenget, razor. 
 
 lele'run, pres. leWrtm, perf alele'run, i. lelerii, 
 to rush down (headlong, of water). Ex : fiom 
 lde''riin = the water is rushing down. 
 
 lelley, noon. 
 
 lelloki, iron necklet. 
 
 lembe, m.pl. lemhyot, ja'vf, jaw-hone. 
 
 leng, pres. lelemj, perf. aleng, i. letKje' (also 
 lencigi), pass, lemja, to the utmost. 
 
 lengbe, grass. 
 
 lenggu, pres. lelenggn, perf. alenggu, i. lengri, 
 to make a circuit, to pass by, to avoid. 
 
 leru, still, yet. Ex : give' leru ko-yo = stay a 
 little longer with me. 
 
 letat, i. drops of milk, pi. le, milk. 
 
 le'-ti-ki'teng (le'-ti-kCjuk), cow's milk. 
 
 libi, c.pl.s. damp. Ex: kadi a Hhi = the room. 
 (the house) is damp. 
 
 H'dingi, f. blackness, ink. Ex : yi icuu-u'r ko 
 ICdlnji = we write with ink. 
 
 lifo, f pi. lifd'lon, clay, manure, mud. 
 
 lifo'na-safya, pi. lifo'lon-ti-safya, clay for jugs, 
 bottles, etc. 
 
 lifu, c.pl.s. fresh (especially for milk). 
 
 lija, pres. h'lija, perf. ali'ja, i. lije', pass. ZAf, to 
 filter, percolate. 
 
142 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 lik, c.pl.s. cool, fresh. j 
 
 likang, f. nilcun-j, pi. Imnj (suffix our). 
 
 li'kijo, f.pl. liliijo'jin, widow. 
 
 liki'kiri, m.pl. liliMri'len, fable, fairy tale. 
 
 likin, pros. lili'Ian, perf. ah'l;in, i. lild, pass. | 
 ICM, to be hanged. Ex : laije holanit alii i hi = 1 
 the thief was haoged yesterday. 
 
 likin, pres. lililin perf. alil.in. i. liln, pass. 
 Wiin, to lose : Ex : titoni nn likin = something 
 lost, a lost article. 
 
 likioro, pres. lililddro, perf. aWdoro, i. lildoro, 
 to pass away, to be lost. 
 
 li'kito, f.pl. lildtohn {Uldtojin), (1) hare; (2) ■ 
 a species of butterfly. 
 
 liliati, f.pl. liliat, sheep manure. 
 
 lili'ja, pres. lili'ja, perf. aliWja, i. lilije, quiet, to 
 be still. 
 
 lilik, pres. Hlil; perf. a7t7j/.% i. litilie, (\) to he 
 dry; (2) to dry one's self (in the sun). 
 
 lilikin, pres. lilildn, perf. alilildn, i. lilild, pass. 
 imid, to hang up, to hang upon! 
 
 lili'ma, pres. liWina, perf. alili'ma, i. liUmani, 
 to drop, trickle, to rain slightly, often used with 
 liudu, rain (also shower). 
 
 lilinggo, pres. lilinii[,o, perf. alilinjid, i. and 
 pass. lHin%o, to spread over, smear (especially 
 glass). Ex : nan alilinfi(,d ni'elo safe yodti = I 
 have glazed this pot. 
 
 lim, pres. lilim, perf. alim, i. lime, pass, li'ma, 
 to insult, outrage, dishonour. 
 
 lin, pres. lilin, perf. alin, i. linje, pass, lin^o, to 
 smear with clay. 
 
 ling, c.pl.s. each, all, quite (most used with a 
 substantive). 
 
 lingo, c.pl.s. smooth, polished, vide lin. 
 
 Ho, f. nio, pi. ];we, (1) suffix of the pers. pron., 
 mine. 
 
 liongit, n.pl. lionjVton, joy, enjoyment, 
 gladness. 
 
 li'ongon, pres. lioli''oni,on, perf. uli'dw^on. i. 
 lionji, to rejoice, to be glad. 
 
 lite, f.pl. liteji Qiteld), bundle, truss. Ex : lite 
 nu deru {deru) = a truss of grass. 
 
 litot, c.pl. luy. (1) free ; (2) rich. 
 
 litu, pres. iC'litu, perf. alftu, to be full. 
 lo, (1) art. masc. sign of the genitive pi. li ; (2) 
 demonstrat. this, pi. silo (Jado) ; (3) sometimes a 
 relative pron. f. "na,'' pi. se, f. sine (Jiune). 
 16, pres. lolii, perf. al6, i. lone', pass. I6\i, to diy 
 
 (in the sun). Ex : nan laid holot = I am drjing 
 the corn. 
 16'beke, f. nd'heke, pl.s. of two colours. 
 lobibiit, m.pl. lobihiitan, leech. 
 lobiu, m.pl. lobiu'lan, lip. 
 lobod, f. north. 
 
 16'bot, f. nabot, pl.s. thick, fat. 
 lobii'dya, f. nahVdya, pl.s. better, blessed. 
 
 vide lusan. 
 
 16'bulut, f. nd'bidut, i)l.s. smooth, even. 
 16'buset, f. nabnset, pi. I6'bi(selji, f. nabnsetji, 
 good, kind, gracious, vide bnsan. 
 16'but, f. nahnt, pl.s. good, brave, all right. 
 lode, f.t. urine (of animals). 
 lodek, m-i^l. lodeha, roof, shelter. 
 16'dere, m.pl. lodere'la, grasshopper, locust. 
 lodi'et, m.pl. lodi'etji, cover, lid. 
 lodi'ret, f.pl. lodC'retJi, crowd, mass, vide 
 loli'r. 
 
 16'dit, f. nadit, pi. lodidil:, f. nd'didilc. small, 
 little, 
 lodoke, m.pl. lodol-ya, toad, frog. 
 16'don, f. nd'don, pi. lo'doK-, f. nd'dolt, raw, 
 unripe. 
 16'du, f. nd'du, pl.s. high. Ex : mere alo'dti = 
 the mountain is high ; J,adi and'du = the house 
 is high. 
 loe, m.jil. loya, arrow. 
 
 lofeng, c.pl. lofe'^ijat, (1) self; (2) willingly. 
 16'fi, f. nd'fi, pl.s. sharp, with an edge. 
 16'fiJyot, m.pl. loff'jyold, the young male of 
 cattle, sheep, goats. Ex : lO'JiJyot lo mf'etyo = 
 the buck. 
 16'fir, f. nd'Jir, pl.s. thick, fat. 
 lofi'ret, m.pl. lofCretJi, (1) cross-shaped twirl- 
 ing sticks used in cooking ; (2) swallow. 
 loforong (Iciyoron'j^, f. naforonj, c.pl.s. yellow. 
 
 lofotato, ashes. 
 
 lofu'tule, m.pl. lofutu, kidney bean, lentil 
 (Jtuhia). 
 
 logeri, m.pl. lojeri'len, cross. 
 
 16'go, f. na(;o, pl.s. hard, strong. 
 
 Iogor6, m.pl. lojorolan, heron. 
 
 logulau, m.pl. lojidd'at, cock. 
 
 16'gulu, f. nd'ijnlu, pi. lo'fjidulol!, f nayuhdoli, 
 deep. 
 
 16'gUSU, f. no'ijitsn, pi. Id'qusidal;, f. nd''ijiiSidali, 
 tight. 
 
 loguya, m.pl. logiiyd^lan, tuft of hair, also head- 
 dress of feathers. 
 
 loja, pres. IdUoJa, perf. aJo'ja, i. loji, to give 
 light, to light (especially of the sun). 
 
 16'jere, f. nd'jere, pl.s. brown. 
 
 16'jyo, f. nd\jyo, pl.s. (1) long; (2) high, tall. 
 
 lok, pres. loUl:, perf. alolc, i. lol:e, pass, lolm, 
 (1) to bind, to tie. Ex : dan[i-inot alio Idl.a 
 burd = j'our bow is not properly tied ; (2) to catch 
 (especially mice in the trap). 
 
 16'ke, f. nahe, pl.s. clear, jrare, bright, vide 
 Id'live. 
 
 loki, f. south. 
 
 16'kiling, m.pl. hldlinra, the elbow, fore-arm. 
 
 lo'kinga, this year, this season, vide idnga. 
 
 I6'kiri, f. naldri, pl.s. spotted, coloured. 
 
 lokobo, goat-bell. 
 
 lokofe, pi. lolo/eyu, pigeon. 
 
 lokokori't, m.i)]. loholvri'tan, boundary, border. 
 
BARI- ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 143 
 
 lokokwe, f. riaholnce, pi. ti'kolaoe, those at the 
 head, the first, the principal, prince, princess. 
 vide liwe. 
 
 lokong', c.pl.s. intelligent, especially skilful. 
 
 lo'kore, f.pl. lokorio, meat. 
 
 16'kwe, f. nalace, pl.s. white, pnre, holy, vide 
 Idhe. 
 
 16'kwe, f. na-Jcwe, pi. tihwe, the first, vide 
 kwe. 
 
 16'liling, f. naliliwj, pl.s. tender, soft (of the 
 skin). 
 
 lolok, f.pl. lolohon, a species of squirrel, very 
 small, like a big mouse. \ 
 
 16'lor, to-day, this day. vide lor. 
 
 lom, m.pl. loma, side, loins, hips. i 
 
 lomerf, c.pl. lomeriha, poor, impoverished. 
 
 lome'rya, m. temporary insanity. 1 
 
 16'milin, f. namilin, pi. lominyal; f. naminijali, | 
 fine (like flour, dust). 
 
 16'min, f. namin, pl.s. thin, tender. 1 
 
 lomonti, f.pl. lomon, crocodile-glands. 
 
 16'more, c.pl. Id'nwryat, free (not a slave). 
 
 16'mukok (ld'-inu].o\-),{. naiiiukokj'pl. tCmukol:, 
 the last, vide mul;d]:. 
 
 16'munyan, f. namunyan, pi. lomunyak, f. 
 na nmnyali, weak, soft, tender. 
 
 16'murye, /. namvrye, pl.s. blue. 
 
 lomusukat, ra. the first. 
 
 16'n, f. nan, pi. lulmi, f. lii'nSn, which. 
 
 long, pres. hJonj, perf. alomj, i. lonje, pass. 
 lonja, to surround. 
 
 longe, information. 
 
 16'ngen, f. nan^ien, pl.s. green. 
 
 longe't, f.pl. lonje'fji, circle, round, vide long. 
 
 longga, pres. lolonjga, perf. alonjija, i. lonj(ji, 
 
 to go round, encircle. 
 
 16nggwe, m.pl. lonjgwda, shell, muscle. 
 
 16'ngit, f. nanjit, pi. hanjit, his, her, &c. 
 
 16'ngoke, f. nan'joke, pl.s. grey. 
 
 longon, f. nanijon, pl.s. bad, evil, wicked. 
 
 16'ngutut, f. nangutut, pl.s. short. 
 
 longuyum, m.pl. longuyaman, heel. 
 
 longwe't {lonjnet), m.pl. lonjwe'tji (longue'^tji), 
 
 corner, edge, border. 
 longyede, f. nnngyede, pl.s. (1) moderate 
 
 (especially as regardsdepth) ; (2) not very much, 
 lo'ngyumong, m.pl. lifngyu'rdnjnn, hedgehog. 
 16'nyet, f. nanyet (nanyet), pi. kanyet (kanyet), 
 
 c. suffix, hip, her. 
 lor, m.pl. loron, day. 
 lor-duma, m.pl. loron-te'mejik, feast-day, 
 
 festival. 
 loreregti, m.pl. Jorerek, wild vine. 
 lori, m.pl. lu'rila (lory a), anchor. 
 lor-lo'Ngun, pi. loron-ti-Ngun, Sunday. (The 
 
 rest of the days of the week are expressed by the 
 
 ordinals. Ex : lor~toini<re'k = Monday (the second 
 
 day), lor-to:nusa la — Tnesdiiy (the third day), &c. 
 
 lord, m.pl. lordld (hmi'ki), a brook. 
 16'ron, f. naron, pi. Id'rok, f. narok, bud, 
 wicked. 
 loron-ling, daily, every day. 
 lorii'me (sometimes lo'rnme), f. nnruine, pl.s., 
 an animal of faulty colour. 
 16'sit, f. nasit, pi. lo'sijik, f. nd'sijik, small. 
 16'sbk, f. nasok, pl.s. lean, thin, weak. 
 16'sulyeng, f. nasnlyenj, pl.s. shining, golden. 
 16'teyon, f. nateyon, pl.s. dry, hard, vide 
 teteyon. 
 lotole, f.t. a tall kind of grass (reedy-grass). 
 16'tor, f. nd'tor, pl.s., red, reddish, 
 lotorok, m.pl. lotorokon, stomach, inside of 
 poultry. 
 
 16'tulur, f. natiihir, pi. Id'turulak, f. naturulak, 
 round. 
 
 16'tun, f. nd'tiin, pl.s. blunt, uncut. Ex : 
 toale'lio lottin {alv'tim) = my knife is blunt ; 
 goW-nionatim^anatnn) = iny lance is not sharp. 
 
 lotuset, small gourd (to eat). 
 
 lotutii'ni, m. (1) cramp ; (2) paralysis. 
 
 16'uyn, f. ndiiyn, pl.s. damp, wet. Ex: M 
 anauynkd'tyanj = in the evening the air is damp. 
 
 16'yur, f. nayiir, pl.s. sad. 
 
 lodir (lodir), c.pl.s. much, numerous. 
 
 lofuk, pres. loJo/uk, perf. alofnk, i. lofuke, 23ass. 
 lofulo, to turn about, return. 
 
 lom (commoner form Idmhu), pres. lolomhu, 
 perf. aldiiihn, i. lo.nhi', pass, l6.no, to insult, 
 especially to answer witli insolence. 
 
 longi, n.pl. l6n^,ot, monkey bread tree, also the 
 fruit. 
 
 lori, f.i)l. lonjo, (1) drum ; (2) music. 
 
 lu, f. H«, pi. kiilu (silu), f. kunii (sinn), that 
 (sometimes also a relat. jiron. instead of lo). 
 
 luba, m.pl. lubd'Jin, handle (steel) of a shovel 
 or hatchet. 
 
 lubibin, hornet. 
 
 lu'bong, f. ndbdiij, i)l.s. stupid. 
 
 lubulo, m.pl. Inhtdo'o, intestiu'"s, and especially 
 rectum. 
 
 ludang, m.pl. ladanjin, calf of the leg. 
 
 ludukotyo, c.pl. ludukd, new. 
 
 ludya, pres. Juludya, perf. aludya, 1. ludyani, 
 pass, ludyaki, to interpret, to talk in a foreign 
 language. 
 
 lufe, pres. hilufe, perf. aliiye, i. lufe, to come 
 out {lufe kanjo), to go out. 
 
 lufelle, west. 
 
 lufo, pres. liTlu/o, perf. aliffo, i. lufSnf, to 
 I go inside, to penetrate (especially without 
 permission). 
 
 lufunit, m.pl. lufunikd, vessel, pot. 
 
 liigalang, f. nd'galang, pi. M'galanjak, f. 
 nd'galangak, broad. 
 
 lugboti, pi. lughat, heglik tree and fruit. 
 1 lugogori, m.pl. lugdjSrflen, spider. 
 
144 
 
 BARI- ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 lugfuluseni (luliulnseni), m.pl. hujulusen, eagle, 
 vulture, 
 lugfvreti {lucjueli), m.pl. htrjiodt, the pitch tree. 
 luji, m.pl. lujild, memb. virile, also a term of 
 abuse. 
 
 luk, pres. hilul,-, perf. alul:, i. lulu', pass, lulni, 
 to draw, to pull, to drag. 
 lu'kak, adv. (1) below, beneath, under; (2) 
 preposition, under, below, among. 
 lukofuro, f.pl. lulofuroli, lung, 
 lukulu'li, m.pl. luhnluliet, bat. 
 lukurdu, twins. 
 
 lu'kwolong, f. ndl-wolong, pi. lugicolon[,6h, f. 
 nahwdIon[,oIi, crooked, curved, bent, 
 lulalle, pi. luhdlean, male, 
 lulii'dyet, f.pl. bdudyetjin, wag-tail, 
 lii'luet, f. lamentation, cry of distress. 
 lulume (liJii)ie), centipede. 
 lulur, pres. hdur, perf. ahdur, i. Inluri, pass. 
 hduru, to cut out something in a round, 
 lumalung, excited, 
 lumatet, m.pl. lnn:dtetji, quill, 
 lundya, jires. Inhiiuhja, perf. alundya, i. lundije, 
 pass, lumja, to count, to i>ay. 
 
 lung, pres. luhnuj, perf. alun'j, i. Inncji, 'pass. 
 lungu, to call, to name. Ex : nCelo lolifonit 
 ltdnngu Want = this boy is called Wani. 
 
 lunga, also, sometimes, and. 
 lungaser, m.pl. hmgasi'ril; bruther. 
 
 lii'ngayok, f. nangayoli, pl.s. uneven, rough. 
 
 lunggu, pres. hdunggn, perf. alunggu, i. lunggi, 
 pass. Inngu, (1) to name, to call ; (2) to call for 
 something, to be in want of something. 
 
 lungguo, m.pl. htnggnolon, snail. 
 
 lungun, pres. lidungun, perf. alungun, i. lun[,ii 
 (lungi), pass, lungu, to call hither, to invite. 
 
 lungutot, m.pl. litngito (lungtitotji), bell, vide 
 lung. 
 
 lubk, pres. lnohioh, perf. aluolc, i. Icoli, pass. 
 hiolo, to rescue, to free, deliver. 
 
 luoki't, f. redemption, deliverance, freedom. 
 
 luon, adv. secret, privately. 
 
 luoni't, f.pl. luonitji, secret, mystery. 
 
 lur, pres. lulur, perf aim, i. luri, to be sleepy, 
 to be nodding. 
 
 luri't, m.pl. luriten, a broad path, road 
 (especially for animals). 
 
 luru, m.pl.s. fog, vapour, steam. 
 
 lurii, m.pl. lurudt, hill. 
 
 luru'jo, pres. hdurii^'o, perf alunfjo, it is 
 misty, foggy. 
 
 lii'ruo, f. narue, pi. lu'ri'dl:, f. na'rvoJ;, black. 
 
 luruta't, m.i:)l. lundatjin, hill, vide lurti. 
 
 lii'satyo, m.pl. lusal;, a young man, a youth. 
 
 lu'satyo-lo'-kadi, pi. lusah-ti-hadi, manager, 
 steward. 
 
 lut, c.pl.s. dirty (only of men). 
 
 luta'ten, m. the right hand, vide alutaten. 
 
 lutii, c.pl. lulujin, son-in-law, daughter-in-law. 
 
 lu'tua, f nd'tua, pl.s. dead, vide hi, lo, and 
 tuan. 
 
 lutii'tu, storm. 
 
 luw^awang, f.pl. luwawangan, the black ibis. 
 
 lu-yu, f nu-yu, pi. liidu-yn {silu-yu), f liunu-yu 
 (sinu-yu), that there. 
 
 I'ya, f. liyd, pi. liuVyd, f. hun'yd, where. Ex : 
 7igeVyd? ngeri'yd? selnd'ya {liun'yd)? = where 
 is" he ? she ? where are they ? 
 
 lya'betat, m.pl. lyabe, weed. 
 
 lyangan, pres. lilynngan (lyalyangon), perf, 
 alyangan, i. lyangi, pass, lyanga, to lose. 
 
 M 
 
 madak (maddk), f evening-red, maddh-na-li, 
 red in the sky. 
 madamada, carefully. 
 
 madang, adv. slowly. 
 
 magor, f. hunger. Ex : nan l;o magor = I am 
 hungry (lit. I with hunger). 
 
 mag6'ra, pres. mamagd'ra, perf. amagd'ra, i. 
 magorani, to be hungry, vide magor. 
 
 magu, pres. mama'gu, perf. amd'gii, i. magi, 
 pass, malm, (1) to raise or take up ; (2) to fetch. 
 
 malanggu, pres. mamalanggu, perf. amalanggii, 
 i. malanggi, to lighten. 
 
 mali, c.pl. maliat {malyat), peaceable, humble, 
 submissive. 
 
 mama'la, ipres. mamd'la, perf. amamdla, i. 
 mamalani, to be foolish. 
 
 mama'la, c-jjI. mamdlajin, fool, mad. 
 
 mama'na, c.pl.s. hated, hateful, odious, vide 
 man. 
 
 man, pres. mamd'n, perf anmn, i. marw', pass. 
 md'na, to hate. 
 
 mana'nye, m.pl. mana'nyejin, mother's brother, 
 uncle. 
 
 mandu, pres. mamandu, perf. amandu, i. mandf. 
 pass, md^na, to hate. 
 
 manet, fpl. md'netji, hatred, enmity. vide 
 man. 
 
 mang, pres. mamang, perf. amang, i. manggi. 
 pass, manga, to backbite, to slander, to accuse 
 falsely. 
 
 mango, to-morrow. 
 
 manya, fpl. manya'jin, the Nile lizard. 
 
 marangget, fpl. mard'nrgetji, scorn, contempt, 
 disdain. 
 
 maranggu, pres. mainaranggu, perf. amar- 
 anggu, i. marangri, pass, maranga, to despise, to 
 scorn. 
 I ma'ring, f.pl. md'ringa, hedge. 
 
 marok, fungus, edible, " lioiaonoiis," fudetut. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 145 
 
 masa, a blow, box on the car, slap in the face 
 (with the hand). 
 
 matat, c.pl. Limd'h, chief, prince, princess, 
 king. 
 
 matat -lo'-jur, pi. Idmah-ti -Jnr, sovereign of a 
 country. 
 
 matat-na-si'ua, queen-bee. 
 
 me, pres. mciiu', perf. ami, i. mene, pass, meyu, 
 to drive, to lead. 
 
 meaddu, pres. nie:ni'ad'Ii(, perf. anu'addu, i. 
 mendtJi, pass, mvaji {ined'ji), to drive away, 
 vide int. 
 
 meara, pres. memmra, perf. am/nra, i. meard, 
 pass. Ill aji (ined'Jl), to drive away (especially 
 cattle), vide m-'. 
 
 mede, f.pl. midijilc, house, home. Ex : n^tn tit 
 mede = I am going home. 
 
 meddya, pres. iiv'meddya, perf. a:iicddya. i. 
 iiieddi (inedi), pass. m."'to, (1) to see ; (2) to live. 
 
 meetyo, f.pl. nu'ion, goat, m'etyo nd'Ie, milk 
 goat. 
 
 mejego, \A. ■luajalui, guinea-worm. 
 
 mekor, f.pl. mehora, buffalo. 
 
 mele, pres. mentf'Ie, perf. ci'iude, i. melen-^', pass. 
 mc'ta, to see, to behold, vide nie. 
 
 melesen, f.pl. me'es 'no, field garden. 
 
 meling, m. time of the heat (the whole 
 summer). 
 
 meme, f.pl. immehin. India-rubber. (The 
 Bari, never having teen glass, called it India- 
 rubber, i.e. meme.) 
 
 meme-na-lugweti, pitch. 
 
 mer, f.pl. mera, forehead. 
 
 meran (nie'ran), f. intoxication, drunkenness. 
 
 meran (^me'ran), pres. iiwiutran, perf. ame'ran, i. 
 iiier.', (1) to get drunk; (2) to make drunk. 
 
 mere, m.pl. merya, (I) mountain ; (2) in the 
 sing, a number, ten in the plural. Ex : meryn 
 mur.'l; = twice ten, 20. 
 
 merenye, m.pl. mermyejin. grandfather. 
 
 meret, f.pl. mcretji, (1) carousing, tipjiling ; 
 (2) intoxication. 
 
 merete, m.pl. mira, side, rib. vide aine'refe. 
 
 merya-budbk, eighty. 
 
 merya-buker, sixty. 
 
 merya-bungua'n, ninety. 
 
 merya-burya, seventy. 
 
 merya-fuok, a hundred. 
 
 merya-mukanat, fifty. 
 
 merya-murek, twenty. 
 
 merya-murek-wod-geleng, twenty-one. 
 
 merya-musala, thirty. 
 
 merya-ungua'n, forty. 
 
 merya-wod-geleng, one and twenty. 
 
 met, i>res. memet, perf. amet, 1. mete', pass, mdu, 
 (1) to see, to look ; (2) to live, vide meddya. 
 
 metet, f.pl. m'tetji, (1) look, view, aspect, 
 mirror ; (2) life. 
 
 mey, f.pl. meyi, pit, snare (especially for 
 elephants and l)ipi)0i)otamus). 
 
 meyun (in'nn), jires. meme'yiin, perf. ameyun, i. 
 iiicyii, pass, nu'yue, to drive hither, vide mi'. 
 
 mi, pres. mimC, \wyL ami, i. mijv, i)ass. mfo, to 
 melt. 
 
 mi, pres. mimi, perf. ami, i. mih', jiass. ini'fa, 
 to iiierce, perforate. 
 
 miet, f.pl. un'etji, i>ain. vide myen. 
 
 miji, m.pl. mijol;, mouse, rat. 
 
 mijo, pres. mimijij, perf. ami Jo, i. mijc', pass. 
 iiulj, to melt, trans, vide niV. 
 
 mijun, jires. mimijan, perf. amijun, i. miju, to 
 approach, to come near. 
 
 mi'kile (mil-ile), m.pl. mil-i, the red ant. 
 
 milon, pres. mCmi.dn, perf. ainilon, i. mih', to 
 dip, to immerse. 
 
 milya, m.pl. milyahni, lightning. 
 
 milyang, c.pl.s. shining, bright. 
 
 milyanggu, pres. mimilyaiviijn, perf. amili- 
 anjfiu, i. milyan;:gi, to lighten, to shine. 
 
 miiyo, f. swearing. Ex : win ngesu mi'yd = I 
 eat the oath (the strongest confirmation by oath 
 of the Bari). 
 
 mimin, colic, sick, ill, pain. 
 
 mi'ngatat, f.pl. mi'nja, feather, plume, orna- 
 ment. 
 
 minge, c.pl. min;ie'J:i, deaf. 
 
 mirakindya, mimiraJdndyi t , perf. amiraldndya, 
 i intra hind ye', to boast, brag. 
 
 mi'riku, m.pl. mcrol;, enemy, opponent. 
 
 mi'ya, pres. mimi ija, iier^. ami ya, i. miys', pass. 
 mi'la, to pierce, vide mi'. 
 
 miyan, f.t. things. 
 
 mo, pres. momo, perf, aim. i. moh-', pass, mdlo, 
 to beg, to pray, entreat. 
 
 mo (contr. o't'ino^it), later, then. 
 
 mobur, pres. momahnr, perf. aind'nb:ir, i. 
 inonc'bnr, to have a nasty oJour, to smell 
 uni)lea8ant. vide iiton. 
 
 modi, perfume. 
 
 modoke, c.pl. modolieno. blind. 
 
 modong (inddonj), c.])l. mudunjin. old, aged. 
 
 moe't, f.pl. moe'tji, smell, odour (especially a 
 bad one. vide mon. 
 
 moja, pres. md'moja, perf. amd'Ja, i. moji, pass. 
 md'a, to smell, to scent. 
 
 mok, pres. moinoh, perf. amoli, i. mohJ', pass. 
 mu'lca (mo'lari), to seize, catch. Ex : yaw 
 amd'ha i'-dili = the hippopotamus has been 
 caught in the pit. 
 
 m6'kari, f.pl. of mol-, taken prisoner and 
 carried away. 
 
 mo'ken, f.pl. md^kenya, mother-in-law. 
 
 moket, f.pl. mol-etji, capture, vide mok. 
 
 mokot, m.pl. md'.wtji, leg (from the hip down- 
 wards). 
 
 mok-somot, to fish, vide mole 
 
L46 
 
 BARI-ENf;LISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 molet, f.pl. muhtji, entreaty, request, inter- 
 cession, prayer, vide moijK. 
 
 md'lokin, pres. niomdlokin, perf. anni'loliii), i. 
 iiio'.oln, pass, mo'lold, to ask for someihing or 
 iutcicetle fur another. 
 
 moloko'tyo, m.pl. molo'kojin, spirit, soul. 
 
 moloko'tyo-longon, m.pl. iuoJ6U;ojin-lon[;on. 
 the evil spirit, Satan. 
 
 molu, later, then. 
 
 molu'lu, (1) later, still later; (2) the day after 
 to-morrow. 
 
 momon, putrid. 
 
 mon, pres. )i(o»)o?i, perf. ainon, i. mon"', to smell, 
 to be odoriferous, fragrant. 
 
 mon, f. smell, also taste, flavour. 
 
 mo'n, pres. monw'n, perf. amd'n, i. monone, 
 pass, iiionijii, to bind, to tie. 
 
 monerja, loan. 
 
 mono, pres. md'mono, perf. amd'no, i. monone, 
 pass, monya, to treat someone as a fclave. vide 
 
 monya, pres. mo'monya, perf. uind'iiya, i. monojt, 
 to be treated as a slave, to be bound, vide 
 miin. 
 
 monye, m.pl. Icd'monye, father, master. 
 
 monye-k6'-ngote, the parents (father and 
 motiier). 
 
 monye-mede Qmonye-lo-mede), m.pl. ],d'nwnye- 
 II i\UJil.\ master of a house. 
 
 mor, pres. momor, perf. amor, i. niore, pass. 
 mora, to mix, mingle. 
 
 mor, pres. mon or, perf. amor, i. ;; ore, pass. 
 muro. to mock, abuse, revile. . 
 
 mora, pres. md^mora, perf. amo'ra, i. morani 
 {morari), to reconcile one's self, to make peace, 
 to be united again, vide mor. 
 
 more't, f. the coming together (in peace), 
 union, community, vide mora and mor. 
 
 moret, f-id. Uioretji, insult, dis^grace, irony, 
 vide nor. 
 
 morinet, m.pl. morin, finger or toe. 
 
 morinet-lo'-konin, pi. morin-tf-lonin {-lion%i), 
 finger. 
 
 morinet-lo-mokot, pi. morin-tC -molcot {ndh, 
 
 mohotji), toe. 
 
 moriri, defect, verb, to be sweet-scented, vide 
 
 mon and riri. Ex : ni'ena hoturoiii moriri = this 
 
 flower smells nice. 
 morja, pres. md'morja, perf. amd'rja, i. morjf, 
 
 to meddle with, to disagree, vide mor. 
 morju, pres. momd'rjii, perf. amorjuy i. morji, 
 
 to curse, to slander, to offend, vide mor. 
 morog6, f-j^l. moroijd'jin, tent. 
 moyu, pres. md'moyu, perf. amd'yn, i. mole 
 
 {iiioyi), pass. H(o'7o, to pray, beseech. Ex : 
 
 iiioijCId (moh'ta) N(jun = beseech God. vide md. 
 moitoni, m.pl. md'nyet, intestine, rectum. 
 
 vide liibu^S. 
 
 moju, pres. mon djn, perf. anoju, i. )i.6ji. pass. 
 md'ta. to drink (also trans., to water). 
 
 mojii'-taba, to smoke tobacco (to drink), vide 
 moju. 
 
 mojyuli, m.pl. ludjjuhiet, the spear with knob 
 of iron under the blade. 
 
 mon, pres. n,dn;on, perf. anion, i. mom, pass. 
 mono, to wait, to expect. 
 
 mbndu, pres. niomondn, perf. amdndu, i. mdndi' 
 (mom), pass, miind, to wait, to wait for, to expect. 
 Ex : dika nr;ot'/nio mdmdnd = my mother is 
 expected to-da}\ vide mon. 
 
 monig, m.pl. mdnyl-en,ViU\e animal, m. 
 
 mbnig-kobityo, pi. mdnylcen-ldhylu, ram. 
 
 mbnig-me'etyo, pi. mdnyl;en-melon, buck, he- 
 goat. 
 
 monit, f.pl. ntdnitji, expectation, vide mon- 
 
 mor, pres. mdmur, perf. amor, i. 7ndri, pass. 
 more, to try, to convey, to lead astray. 
 
 mori, f pi. niiirCet. debt. Ex : rf*' ho moli'et = 
 you are in debt (also it is your fault). 
 
 mbriko, f.pl. mdrikdlo, scar, cicatrice. 
 
 mbrju, pres. mi.mdrju. perf. am'jrju, i. mdrji, 
 pass, more, to mislead, seduce, vide mor. 
 
 mbrb, pres. mdmdro, perf. amdrd, i. mordni, to 
 fall out, to quarrel, dispute, tight. 
 
 mbrbki, f. thanks, reward, expression of 
 thanks, vide mdrdkin. 
 
 mbrbkin, pres. mcimordkin, perf. amordkin, i. 
 mordki, pass, mdrdki, (1) to thank, to pay one's 
 debts. Ex : nan mdmordkin do — I thank you ; 
 (2) to fight for another, vide mdrd. 
 
 mu, c.pl. mu-kulo, f. mu-kune, as much. Ex : 
 nc/e akorakt'n njidu muntyeJan mu^ se anyar = 
 he distributed bread to the people as much as 
 they wanted. 
 
 muda, how much ? 
 
 muddya, pres. munmddya, perf. amuddya, i. 
 mute', pass. mxVta. to surprise, attack. 
 
 mii'due {nnulwe), c.pl.s. dark, obscure, vide 
 muse. 
 
 mudyng (mudimj), fpl. mudingin, country, 
 land. Ex : muding na Gonddkoro kwekwe'len — 
 the Gondokoro country is beautifid. 
 
 mugb, i)res. mumugd, perf. amu'gd, i. mngd, 
 pass, mukd, to cover, to shut. 
 
 .mugun (mogon), f.pl. herik, (I) stomach, body, 
 belly ; (2) for me, thee, etc. 
 
 mii'gunya, f.pl. herik, stomach, waist, body. 
 
 mii'jinet, m.pl. nnijin, nail (on the finger or 
 toe), claw. 
 
 muju, pres. mifmnJn,peTL anuiju, i. inw/r, pass. 
 nnVyu, to press, crowd, to fall on something. 
 compare musuk. 
 
 muk, pres. mumuk, perf. amuk, i. nmke', pass. 
 mi'ko, to cover. 
 
 j muka'nat, five (also ka'nat). 
 1 mukek, pi. mnkeka, loins. 
 
BARI -ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 u; 
 
 muket, f.pl. n.uhrtji, cover, stopper, cork. 
 
 mukok, (1) subst. f. enil. Ex: mukoknalor — 
 the end of the day, muhoh na honrjo = the 
 border of the dress; (2) adj. c.pl.s. the last. 
 Ex : nan Jo (na) mulwk = I am the last ; (3) 
 adv. at least. 
 
 muku, m.pl. wulaie, bnsh, copse, thick wood. 
 
 mukii'lo, f. mnku'ne, (1) so many; (2) just as 
 many. 
 
 mukkuyet, l.pl. mukim, the small black ant. 
 
 mulu, pres. nni'muJu, perf. amu'Iu, i. muliine, 
 pass, mu'lna, to overflow, to deluge. 
 
 mulurito, m.pl. miihtri, the sugar-eating ants. 
 
 mii'ngi, m.pl. hi'mungi, thy father. 
 
 muntye, f.pl. muntyelan (iimntije'Ian), bread. 
 
 munu, m.pl. manno, snake. 
 
 munyet, f.pl. munyetji, liver. 
 
 murek (miire'ke), two, a pair. 
 
 murek-ko-murek, in pairs, or couides. 
 
 muri, f. the fever. 
 
 mu'ri, f.pl. muryehi, antelope with long horns. 
 
 muriloni, m.pl. niiiriUi, vein, artery. 
 
 murin, dough, paste (flour and water). 
 
 muruo, f.pl. muruiiki, a ruin. 
 
 murut, f.pl. muruto, neck. 
 
 murut-mimyen, pain in the throat or neck. 
 
 murye, c.pl.s. blue. 
 
 musala, three. 
 
 mu'se (wusii), i)res. n umuse, perf. anni'se, i. 
 miiseni, dark, to get dark. 
 
 mushenge (also beriija). marrow, vegetable. 
 
 musuk, pres. muinusuk, perf. amusuh, i. 
 inusukf', pas3. musukn. (1) to press, throng, 
 crowd ; (2) to threaten, menace. 
 
 mutulu, people (natives). 
 
 may, m.pl. muyjun, rhinoceros, unicorn. 
 
 myen, pres. mimyen, perf. ainyen, i. miw/ 
 (inyene), to be ill, to have pain. 
 
 myene, f. pain, suffering, vide myeii. 
 
 N 
 
 na, (1) demoustr. f.pl. sine (kmie), these ; (2) 
 article f. and sign of the foil, genet, pi. ti; 
 (3) conjunct, than, as, after, when. 
 
 nagila, grass. 
 
 nak, f.pl. naka, tent, canopy. 
 
 na'kiri. vide lokin, spotted, coloured. Ex : 
 ni'enahongfjo anu^ktri = this dress is of different 
 colours. 
 
 nakwan, f.pl. u-dte, (1) woman, wife; (2) girl. 
 
 nambo, pres. nnnamho, perf. anrimho, i. namhi, 
 to fire, to make fire. 
 
 nan, c.pl. yl, pers. pron. I. 
 
 na'n, short form of mja nd, what sort of ? 
 
 nunane. pass. 
 
 u'lnjc. pass. 
 
 nana, pres. nand, perf. anand, 
 ndnn, to shake, to tremble. 
 
 nanakwan, pi. nau-dte, female. 
 
 nang, pres. miwin'i, perf. ananj, i. 
 nanja, to heat with the bare hand. 
 
 nen-geleng, c.pl. yi'kade, I alone. 
 
 nanggu, pres. nananjfju, perf. anangcju, i. 
 nanggi, pass, nnnga, (1) to clap the li mils ; (2) 
 to hit with the hand, vide nang. 
 
 nan-lofeng, c.pl. yi-lofe'ngat, I myself. 
 
 nana (narai), when? Ex: do fofo nanu? = 
 when are you coming ? 
 
 nasisiki, complainant. 
 
 na'sit, f.pl. nd'sijik, small piece, scrap, crumb. 
 
 nekenet, f.pl. neke'netji, a cord, rope. 
 
 neringye-na-konge, eyelid. 
 
 nga, (1) who? Ex: ngd'akon so/ta ? = who 
 has acted so ? ngd' tu njerot ? = who is going in 
 front? (2) sometimes also for " he who." Ex : 
 ngd kn'su'o ti nge ying = he who has ears to hear 
 let him hear. 
 
 nga, pres. ngd'ngd, perf. d'ngd, i. ngane, pass. 
 nga (ngd'Ji), to open. 
 
 nga, c.pl.s. open, opened. Ex : kotumit nga 
 (d'nga) = the door is open ; kotumitji nga (d'ngu) = 
 the doors are open. 
 
 ngaddu, pres. nga'ngaddit, perf. angaddu, i. 
 ngaddi, to increase in size or bulk. 
 
 nga'lo, f. ngd'nn, pi. ko'ngdUo, f. kd'ngd'na, who, 
 whieh. 
 
 nga'lyati, m.pl. ngalya, (1) glass beads; (2) 
 money. 
 
 nga'ngaddu. vide ngaddu : Ex : dikd d'ngd'- 
 ngaddii = the wound has become bigger. 
 
 ngara, pres. ngd'ngara, perf. angd'ra, i. ngnrji, 
 to eat, to eat together. 
 
 ngara'kin, pres. ngangard'kin, perf. angard''- 
 kii>, i. ngaraki, pass, ngardld, to suj^port, to 
 assist, to help someone. 
 
 ngato, m.pl. ngutd'jin, sole of the feet of 
 elephants and hippopotamus. 
 
 ngr, c.pl. se (silo, ku'.o), he (she). 
 
 nge, pres. nge nge, perf. d'nge, i. ngesi, pass. 
 nge, to tat. vide ngesii. 
 
 nge'bi, m.pl. ngc'hia (ngebya), cheek. 
 
 nge'deb, m.pl. nge"dej'a, tongue (of men and 
 animalf). 
 
 nge-geleng, c.pl. se'^kade, he (she) alone. 
 
 nge-lofeng, c.pl. ae-lofe'ngat, he (the) himself. 
 
 ngeman, pres. nge"nge'man, perf. d'nge'man, i. 
 
 n',iii\w, to be green or verdant. 
 
 ngen, pres. ngc'^ngen, perf. d'ngen, i. ngene' 
 ni,endi', to growl, to snarl, to clash, 
 nge-na-koyure, breakfast, 
 ngendya, pre.s. nge"ni;endya, perf. d'ngendyn, i. 
 
 n-,endi, to growl, grumble, vide njen. 
 nger, pres. ngr'nger. perf. d'n ,er, i. nger(^, pass. 
 
 nge'ra, to reap, to cut. 
 
 L 2 
 
148 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 ngerja, pres. nje^ngerjn, jicrf. anjerja, i. 
 njer/i, pass, nje'^ni, to reap, to cut. Ex : 
 lohiwjd yi nji'"nier/(t fero!i-inurj"l; = t\ns year we 
 shall reap twice. 
 
 ngerot, iu front, before. Ex : nia tn njerot = 
 I am goi ig in front. 
 
 ngesu, (iijc'sii), in-es. nji'''n'jesii, \>crL an-jesu, 
 i. n jesi, pa-s. h /(', to eat. 
 
 ngesu-ko'tyang (n'lesn-na-l-ii'tyini), supper. 
 
 ngi, jires. njfnji, parf. anji, i. wjim, pass. 
 n lyii, (1) to raise ; (2) to awake. 
 
 ngi'en, pres. nji'njien, perf. d'nii'eii, i. wjine, 
 to get up, to rise, to rise from the deal. 
 
 ngi'et, f. the resurrection, vide nji'en. 
 
 ngiju, pres. nji ii'jiju, perf. unjiju, i. njijil, to 
 set uj). to awake, vide mji. 
 
 ngi'muye, c.pl. nijiinuyejin (iijinniyela'), 
 statue, figure, vide ni'iiiuyti. 
 
 ngin, (1) therein ; (2) inside ; (3) into, come in. 
 
 ngin, pres. nijVnijin, perf. anjin, i. njiw' 
 (jvji'njL'), i)a8s. U'jt'nja, to dress, to tan, that is 
 to make a dried skin soft by rubbing. 
 
 ngi'ngi'ret, f.pl. njCnjCretji, perspiration, 
 sweat. 
 
 ngiret, f. fat (of roast tilings), grease. 
 
 ngo, f.pl. 3. something, tiling, matter. Ex : 
 tCmin ujo = give me something. 
 
 ngode, c.pl. n^iode'Jd. crooked, lame. 
 
 ngo-duma, f.pl. n(jo-te" mejik, something big, a 
 wonder. 
 
 ngogwo, m.pl. njo'iwojin, father-in-law. 
 
 ngo'litani, f.pl. n jo'litin, tears. 
 
 ngom, pres. njd'njODt, perf. amjom, i. n^jonie, 
 pass, njd'iua, to greet, to salute, vide roman. 
 
 ngomo'ti (iijomoti),m.i)\. n;/o/*(of, grfiin of seed, 
 stone, grain. 
 
 ngondya, pres. njo'ivjondya, perf. amjondya, i. 
 nifondi, pass, n'jo'nja, to blow the nose. 
 
 ngongga, pres. njd'iiiionjija, perf. u'njonj(iu, i. 
 njoniiji. to suffer, to endure. 
 
 ngongga, f. patience. 
 
 ngo'ngo'lija, pres. njd'njd'lija. perf. un-id^njd'- 
 lija, i. njd'ifjo'ijc', to beg, to obtain by begging. 
 
 ngonyet, f.pl. ngd'nyetji, unfriendliness, un- 
 kindness. 
 
 ngonyo, pres. njd'mjonyo, perf. angonyo 
 (anjd'njonyo). i. njd'ujoni, to be unfriendly, to 
 despise. 
 
 ngor, pres. njd'njor, perf. anjor, i. ngore, pass. 
 ngSro, to shoot with airows. Ex : nun tutu 
 njor liven — I am going to shoot birds. 
 
 ngora, tired. 
 
 ngoret, f.pl. njd'retji, chase, hunting. 
 
 ngo'ritat, f.pl. 7ijori, chain. 
 
 ngoroko'tyo, c.pl. ngordlio, old, worn out. 
 
 ngote, f.pl. l-d'7i'jote. mother. 
 
 ngote-mede (ngote-ni-mede), pi. /.■ I'ngote- 
 mi'dijil; mother of a family. 
 
 ngoit, f.pl. niditji, vessel for food, trough for 
 foo i, manger. 
 
 ngokin, pres. n jd'n liil.in, perf. angdhin, i. 
 njdki, i)ass. ng'llii, to accuse falsely. 
 
 ngo'ngogu, pres. ng'i'n /dgu, perf. d'ngd'ngcga. i. 
 njdii jdji to relate, to narrate, to chitter, prattle. 
 
 ngorini, c.\)\. ng:iriai';">, nephew (niece) on the 
 mother's side. 
 
 ngu, yet, still ; joined t > nho (nhd'-nju), not 
 yet, almost, scarcely. 
 
 ngii'du, pres. H;unu'dn, perf. angudu, i. 
 ngiuhi^/', i>ass. ngii'diihi, to wraji up. 
 
 ngu'dulakin, pres. xgit iiju diiUil:in,\)e\'L d'rijU- 
 ditbihin. i. nindi'ala', pass, njudukild, to wrap 
 up something, vide ngii'du. 
 
 ngii'dulet, f.pl. n ;ti'du'ef/i, swaddling cloth, 
 blanket. 
 
 ngue'yo, c.pl.s. tiltliy. dirty. Ex: liiho 
 anju'"yo = the road is dirty. 
 
 ngufi, (1) always, very often, often; (2) for ever, 
 et'iriiity. 
 
 ngulube, c.pl. nguhihfli, dumb, mute. 
 
 ngumi, m.pl. ngumC'ad, a needle. 
 
 Ngun, m.i)l. mgnnyen, (rod, pi. deities, from 
 ti'n Jim, to surpass, to be the highest. 
 
 nguro, c.pl. ngud'jil;, child, boy, girl. 
 
 nguro-dufyet, f.pl. njiidjih-dnfi, servant, maid. 
 
 nguro-kwe, c.pl. ng idjil;, first-born, eldest, 
 njuro-'.d'holnce. 
 
 nguro-lo-ba, ngiuijili-tihi, pi. step-brother. 
 
 nguro-16'kokwe, pi. ngnd'Jik-ti'koJnoe, the first- 
 born sou, eldest son. 
 
 nguro-na'kokwe, pi. njdd'jih-Whol-we, the 
 eldest daughter. 
 
 nguro - nakwan, f.pl. njud'Jih-wdte, girl, 
 daughter. 
 
 ngurufit (iignrufit), f.pl. ngiiruf Qiiiu'ritf),stone. 
 
 ngutu, people. 
 
 ngutu-lo'-jur, it\. ugittn-fi'-jnr, fellow country- 
 man, vide J ur. 
 
 ngutu-lii'tua, m.pl.s. a dead person, deceased, 
 vide hi tun. 
 
 ngutu-na'-jur, pi. n intamti'-Jur, a fellow 
 country-woman. 
 
 ngutu-na'tua, f.pl.s. a dead woman, vide 
 lutua. 
 
 ngyer, f.pl. ngyer/in, the big turtles. 
 
 ngyo, (1) what. Ex : In ali'n ch ngyo '?'= what 
 has he given you ? (2) why. Ex : do ahd'fo 
 njyo i = why did you not come ? 
 
 ngyo'na, (1) deft, verb, to be near; (2) adv. 
 near, in the vicinity, generally used with lo. 
 
 ni, (1) here, there. Ex : i hah 7ii = here on 
 the earth; nxn lo (na) = there am I; (2) suffix 
 with the same meaning, used with J:u^o, kiine, 
 etc., Iniloni, M'nenl; (3) demonstrat. prefix. 
 Ex : tii'elo {ni and lo) nfenn (ni and na) ; (4) 
 here, hither. Ex : /u" ni = come here. 
 
BARI-ENGLI8H VOCABULARY. 
 
 149 
 
 niam, gazelle. 
 
 niddyo, pres. niniddyu, pcrf. uniddyiiA. niddijo. 
 pass, nitii, to forge. 
 
 nido, tribal mark, teeth pulled out. 
 
 ni'elo {ni and /o), f. nieim (nfna). pi. si'Ioni 
 (se-Id'ni), lii'loni (/.k, lo, ni), f. »ineni {si, na, ni), 
 luneni (ku, na, ni). this. 
 
 ni'elu, commouer form nfihi (ni'ijJu), f. nfenu 
 {ni'inu, nfynu), pi. siJu {Im'u), f. sinu {hunu), 
 (1) that there; (2) the same, idem, eadem, idem, 
 ipse. 
 
 ni'muyo, f pi. tii'muyiijin, a fis^uve (of wood, etc.). 
 
 nin, pres. ninin, pcrf. ((nin, i. nine, pass. nCna, 
 to screw, to bore, to drill. 
 
 ninet, f.pl. ni'netji. screw, drill. 
 
 nokan, jiies. nu'nohun, perf (.nd l.-an, i. noiie. to 
 burn, iutrans. Ex : l-udi nd'nohin = the house is 
 on fire. 
 
 noket, f. pi. nd^kefji. brand, contlagration. 
 vide nolrtn. 
 
 nog, jires. ni'niUi, perf. ani'g, i. ndgi, to suck 
 (milk). 
 
 nuk, pres. ntimil;, perf anuh, i. nul;i'\ jiass. 
 •nuhd, to bury, to inter. 
 
 nya'kwari, c.pl. nya],-'wd'ry<it, grand-son, grand- 
 child. 
 
 nyangge, f.pl. ny(ingq('',in, ndlt. 
 
 nyar, pres. nyiiny((r, perf anyar, i. nynre, pass. 
 nyd^ra, to love, honour. Ex : ityare'ta hmgu 
 silo se inamd'n ta = love also those who hate you. 
 
 nyarju, pres. nyamjurju, jierf. nnydrju, i. 
 nyarji. pass, nyd'ra, to love, honour. (Thid verb 
 is often reduplicated in the iiiun. and perf.) 
 
 nye'kem, f.pl. nyt-'liema, chin. 
 
 nye'run, pres. nyfnydWjm. perf. anyc'^run, i. 
 nyeru, to rise (esptcially of the sun). 
 
 nyob, pres. nyonyob, jjcrf. (nujoh. i. nyoje, pass. 
 nyd'fa, to greet, vide ronian and ngoui. 
 
 nyo'fet, f.i)l. nyd'fetji, greeting, salutation. 
 
 nyokit, f.pl. nydlitji, restitution. vide 
 nydlidlnn. 
 
 nyokokin, pres. nydnydldilin, perf. (tnijdldhin, 
 i. nydJdil.-i.pass. nyiilivld, (I) to return something, 
 restore, recompense ; (2) to indicate. 
 
 nyokun, pres. nyinydlxun, perf. <inydl;un, i. 
 nydlu, pass, nydlme, to bring hither, to bring- 
 back. 
 
 nyomoddu, pres. nydnydmrddu, perf. <niy- 
 iJmoddu, i. nydmi'ddi, pass, uyi nidji, to accom- 
 pany. 
 
 nyomoro, pres. vyuiiydrndrd, perf. (inydnuird, i. 
 ityihid'rd. pass, nydiiidji, to accompany. 
 
 nyu. vide yu, there. 
 
 nyu'kwak, pres. 7iyii'nyu LwaJ:, i^rL anyuLioul; 
 i. nyitliinil.-c', pass, nyulncalm, to seize, to snatch. 
 
 nyumbo, pres. nyunyiimhii, perf anyitmbd, i. 
 nyunibi', pass. nyiVmd, to choose, to select. 
 
 nyunyu'mite, f.pl. nyunyuiui, star. 
 
 nyunyii'ret, f. weeping, mercy, compassion. 
 
 nyunyii'ri, pres. nyunyxVri, perf. <inyunyu, i. 
 nyuiiyui-iii'', to weep, to be compassionate, 
 tender-hearted. 
 
 O 
 
 oburi, rccdbiick. 
 
 odio {odid), interject, female cry or lamentation. 
 
 ooja, pres. od'ja, perf. aod'ja, i. ooji', ])ass. d'oa, 
 to swing, rock. Ex : n;uro ao'oa = the child 
 was rocked. 
 
 otorot, f.jil. otorotji, bee-hive. 
 
 oddu, prts. ddddu, perf. aiiddu, i. oddi, imss. 
 dtd, to flay, to skin, to kill. (jMiitinit, c.pl. 
 kadtdl;, flaj er.) 
 
 ori, two. 
 
 R 
 
 rab, pres. rarah, perf. arah, i. rafd, pass. r«yirr, 
 to cover. 
 
 rabat (arahat), c.pl.s. wrong, not right. Ex: 
 ni'elo (,^ine) rohat = that is not right, also adv. 
 
 rafet, f.pl. rafetji, cover, lid. vide rab. 
 
 raga, pi. rai;ajin, chair. 
 
 raratat, fpl. rara, arm-ring of ivory, 
 
 rat, pres. rarat, peif. arat, i. rate', piass. rataf 
 to sprinkle (especially witli spittle, as the fathe. 
 and grandfather do the heads of their children 
 as a sign of their blessing). 
 
 rata'ji, pres. rarofd'Ji, perf. aratd'ji, i. ratajine 
 (rataji), to fly. Ex : l:wen rarata'ji ho lidfiVJcon 
 = the birds fly with wings. 
 
 ratet, f.pl. rd'tetr, blessing, praise. 
 
 reat, f pi. re, iron. 
 
 reat-na'tor, pi. re-ncCtor, red-iron, copper. 
 
 reba, jires. rerebd, perf. arebd, i. rebi, pass, refd, 
 to sip, sup. 
 
 rego (arc'go), c.pl. regyot, not straight, awry. 
 Ex : vi'elo lilior arc'ro = this tower is not 
 straight. 
 
 reja, pres. rereja, perf. areju, i. reji (rene), pass. 
 nyu, to sweeii, to sweep out. 
 
 rek, pres. rereh, perf. ureh, i. relce (rerele), 
 pass, rereld, to bind, to be in chains. 
 
 rem, pres. n'rem, perf. urem, i. reme', pass. 
 re 'mo, to kill. 
 
 remba, pres. n'remhi. perf ard'mha, i. rembi, 
 pass, re'irid, to build (a house). 
 
 rembu, pres. rd'rembu, perf. arc'mbii, i. reme', 
 pa?s. re'mo, to kill, to put to death (especially 
 with the lance), vide rem. 
 
150 
 
 BARI -ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 rengfet, waVr tortois?. 
 
 renya, jires. rerJ'mja. perf. ar(''nya, i. renyani, 
 pass, renya, (1) to denj% to answer iu the 
 negative ; (2) to renounce, to resign. 
 
 rere'ket, f.pl. rere'letan, fetter, chain, vide 
 rel: ^ 
 
 reta, pres. reretd, jjerf. aretii, i. retani, to clear 
 the throat. 
 
 retet, f.pl. re'tetji, phlegm, vide refd. 
 
 re'-ti-su'b, f.t. earrings, vide re and uniit. 
 
 ri, suffix pi. with the meaning, away (froai a 
 place). 
 
 ri, pres. riri, perf. ari, i. rile, pass, ri'ltt, to 
 burst into j^ieces, to blow up. 
 
 ri, pres. riri, perf. an', i. rine, pass, ri'o, to 
 stretch, to pull, to make straight. 
 
 rid, m. time, ripeness, maturity. 
 
 ridya (ri'dia), jires. riridya, perf. ariJya, i. 
 riihjiinf, pregnant, to be with child. 
 
 ridykot {ri'dilot), f.pl. ridik, trap, snare (for 
 mice). 
 
 ri'e, pres. rieri'e, perf. arfe, i. rieiri, pass. 7-Ce, 
 to find. 
 
 ri'et, f.pl. rfetji, find, discovery, thing found. 
 
 rifeti, needle. 
 
 ri'gilet, m.pl. rfgiletji, bolt, bar (to barricade 
 the door). 
 
 rigwo {rfgu-d). c.pl.s. straight. Ex : nfelv 
 lodini riiiico = this tree is straiglit. 
 
 rigwokit, f.pl. riijicoldtji, fright, fear. 
 
 rigvyoko, pres. rirfgictih"). perf. ariijwohv, i 
 r'ujwolii, to frighten, to be afraid. 
 
 rikinde, leg-irons. 
 
 ri'koni, f.})!. rihtJn, beam, rafter. 
 
 ri'koro, pres. ririhoro, perf. arCJioro, i. riliilrlj, 
 pass, rilori, to chase, to hunt, to drive away. 
 
 ri'let, f.pl. rCUtji, column, rent, chink, furrow, 
 limit, boiuidary. vide ri. 
 
 ri'matat, f.pl. rima (seldom rema), drop of 
 blood, pi. blood. 
 
 ring, pros, ririmj, perf. arimj, i. rimje, pass. 
 rintja, to exhort, to admonish, to punish, to 
 accuse. 
 
 ringga, jires. ririwjija, perf. aringga, i. rinjfje, 
 to make a rumbling noise (like thunder), to 
 crash. 
 
 ringf't, f.pl. rimjiten, power, might, strength. 
 
 ringito, pres. ririnnito, perf. aringitu, i. rin'ji- 
 toni, powerful, to be strong. 
 
 ringwat (ringuat), f.pl. ringica'tan, a bird 
 (Arab, hahd'ra). 
 
 rioke't, m.pl. rwl;e'tji, foot (from the ankle 
 downwards, especially the sole). 
 
 riri, adv. well, good (can only be used in 
 coDJunetion with mon. Ex : moriri = to smell 
 good). 
 
 ririg, pres. ririj, perf. aririg, i. ririlu', pass. 
 rirCha. to mend. 
 
 riya, pres. ririyn, perf. Kri'yn ((ti'i'a), i. riye, to 
 break (of its own accord), to burst, spring, vide 
 
 rob, pres. rorob, perf. aroh, i. rohi, pass, rd'fa, 
 to reward. 
 roba, pres. roroha, perf, ard'ba, i. robi, pass. 
 rd'/d, to reward, to recompense, vide roh. 
 robangga, m.pl. rohd'nggajin, gift, sacrifice. 
 roddu, pres. rvroddn, perf. arodihi, i. rothJi, to 
 dry up, wither. Ex : jifelo hUdini horofo a'in vge 
 (irodihf = this tree has no leaves, it is withered. 
 
 rofakin, pres. rord'/ahin, perf. (ird'falin, i. 
 rofdla', pass, rofalci, to take vengeance, to revenge 
 one's self, to return a blow, vide rob. 
 
 rofet, f.pl. rdyetji, reward, wages, pavment. 
 vide rob. 
 
 rogo, f.pl. rd'gojin, table. 
 
 rogo-na-robangga, pi. rd'gojin-ti-robanjga, 
 alt;ir, table of sacrifices. 
 
 rokon, pres. ru'roiMn, perf. aro'lwn, i. rolionge, 
 pass, rohonyo, to skin (a bird). 
 
 roman, pres. roroman, perf. uroman, i. rome, 
 jiass. ru'iHue, to greet, salute (used with ho). 
 Ex : yi fofo roronid'n ho do' ni = we come to 
 welcome you here ; ju'-lio rord' mne = be wel- 
 lOiue, my friend. 
 
 romet, f.pl. rd'inetji, greeting, welcome, saluta- 
 tion. 
 
 rondu, pres. rorondu, perf. arondn, i. rondf. 
 pass, ronyo, to pick, pluck (a bird). 
 
 rondya, pres. rorondya, perf. aroiidya, i. rondi, 
 pass, ronya, to strip oft' le.ives. Ex: liddini 
 cronya = the tiee is without leaves. 
 
 roro, m.pl. rorolo, the voice, 
 i rorroba (roroha), pay. 
 
 ' rot, pres. rorot, perf, arot, i. rote, jiaps. rd 'to, to 
 I strip, to strip off" (especially blossom, leaves). 
 I roya, pres. rd'i-oya, perf. ard'ya, i. roi, pass. 
 rd'da, to scratch. Ex : nan royd mugun — I am 
 scratching myself. 
 
 rob (rUf), f.pl. rufd, (1) frame; (2) diaphragm. 
 
 ru, pres. rum, perf. am, i. rude, pass, ruda, to 
 batter, ram, to beat down (clay on the floor). 
 
 rii, pres. mru, perf. aru, i. rune', pass, ruyu, to 
 water. 
 
 rud, pres. rurnd, perf. arud, i. rwcZe, pass, rii'da, 
 to fill to the brim, good measure. .. - 
 
 rudu, m.pl. mduij, (1) thicket, darkness; (2) 
 danger. Ex : ni'elo ngutu alaingd' nge ti' den 
 mdit = this man is courageous, he does not fear 
 dinger. 
 
 rii'due, pres. ru'rudue, perf. ariVdue, i. rudueni, 
 to dream. 
 
 rii'duet, f.pl. rii'duetji, dream. 
 
 rudya (mddya), pres. rumdya, perf. arudya. i. 
 mdy ■; (1) to be worthy, to serve ; (2) to inherit. 
 
 ruiu {riifii\ pres. rurufu. yterf. am/u, i. rufuni, 
 pass, vufn, to lurk, to wait for. 
 
BARI- ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 151 
 
 rug, pres. runuj, perf. aruj, i. rnl;e, pass. ru'Ico, 
 to follow, to obey. 
 
 rug, f.pl. rukun, back (especially the hump of 
 an'mals). 
 
 rugo, pres. ruru-jU, perf. urn'jii, i. jv^'/iV, pass. 
 ni'ldi, to answer, vide rHf/. 
 
 rugungo, pres. rurujun^o, perf. (iricjnn'jo, i. 
 ru jiiii'iiini. to kueel. 
 
 ruju (rujijn), pres. rnrujn, perf arujii, i. rHjt', 
 pass. r»</2<, to water, moisten, vide rtt'. 
 
 ruk, pres. ruruk, perf. rtrw/r, i. r/(/.e, p:iss. ruJia, 
 to put on clothes, to dress. 
 
 ruke'et, fpl. nike'etji, answer, reply. vide 
 rifjo. 
 
 ruket, f. obedience, lio-ruJiet, obeiiieut. vide 
 ricj. 
 
 rum, pvts. rurum, perf. arum, i. rumc, (1) to 
 meet. Ex : nun arum l;o honiyni = I met a 
 lion. (2) to hasten, to hurry. 
 
 rumet, f. haste, course, run. vide ni h. 
 
 rumerum, urgent, fas^, quick. 
 
 rumon, jn'os. rurumUn, perf. arumon, i. rumilnt, 
 to roar, bellow. 
 
 rumun, pres. runimim, perf. anVmun, i. rnihii, 
 to come hither quickly, vide mm. 
 
 rung, pres. rurung, perf. arnnrj, i. runjc, puss. 
 riin.ja, to press down. 
 
 runsak, f.jjl. runsahan, the white ibis (sacred 
 ibis). 
 
 ruonyityo, f.pl. rnomjoJ.-, wild animal. 
 
 ruruo, f.pl. riira6l;i, hole, deep place. 
 
 ruruo-na'-mijok, jjI. riinioLi-tr-iniJolr, mouse- 
 hole. 
 
 rusukin, pres. rurusuliin, perf. arii'snlin, i. 
 rusulii, pass, rusuici, to put on (especially a 
 dress). 
 
 rusu'n, pres. rnrusiVn, perf. arimi n, i. r/^s«, 
 pass, rusne, to undress, to take off (a dress). 
 
 rut, m.pl. rntan, memb. virile. 
 
 rutet, f.pl. ni'tttji, the inheritance, jjeritage. 
 vide rudya. 
 
 rya'gu, pres. ryaryagu, pevL aryafiu, i. ryaiji, 
 pass, ryaha, (1) to quarrel, wrangle ; (2) to 
 destroy, to rob, plunder. 
 
 ryak (rial;), pree. ryaryah, perf. aryah, i. ry<il:e', 
 pass, ryaha. vide rycuju. 
 
 rya'ket, f.pl. ryaketji, destruction, desolation, 
 robbery, vide rydgu. 
 
 ,. ryok, pres. ryoryol;, perf. aryol-. i. ryohc, pass. 
 ryu'ha, to throw to the ground, to tread uu.ler 
 foot. 
 
 sa, pres. srt8«, perf. a*v(, j. sroic; pass. .««', to 
 draw, to pull out. Ex : nan sasd do kele = I am 
 pulling out one of your teeth. 
 
 safe, m.pl. mfy((, jug, pitcher, pot, cookiiig- 
 pan. 
 
 safe-16'-fiom, pi. safyd-tC-fiom, water-pot. 
 
 saju, jires. sasd'Ju, perf. asd'ju, i. saji, pass, fd, 
 to pull out. vide sd. 
 
 saka, pres. sd'sulca, perf. asalm, i. siikani, to 
 entertain an evening party. 
 
 sa'la, three (short form for musd'la). 
 
 salet, m.pl. sd'letji, fire-place, hearth, stove, 
 oven. 
 
 sar, pres. sauir, perf. asar, i. sure, pass, sd'ra, 
 to direct, to judge. 
 
 sa'rakin, pres. sufu'raldn, perf. amrukin, i. 
 SKriiki, pass. sd'ruM, (1) to niake one's will or 
 testament ; (2) to judge someone. 
 
 saret, f.pl. sd'retji, (1) judgment, sentence, 
 law ; (2) command. 
 
 sarju, pres. sasd'rjit, perf. asd'rju, i. sarji. pass. 
 sum, to direct, vide sur. 
 
 sa'saka, f. evening party. 
 
 sase"r-lo-inongi, aunt (paternal). 
 
 saser-yango, aunt (m iternal). 
 
 se, they (pl.m. and f.). 
 
 se, i)res. sese, perf. asc, i. sene, pass, seytt, to 
 wipe, to sweep. 
 
 sega, i^res. sesegn, perf. useja, i. .«e;,i', to ooze. 
 
 set, pres. seset, perf. aset, i. set ', to sift. 
 
 si, f. honey, vide siwatnt. 
 
 siatat (siivatat), m.pl. si'iKt (stwa), bee. 
 
 sida, pres. sisida, perf. asida, i. sidaia. to sit 
 down. 
 
 sidaki, pres. sisidalu, perf. asidaki. i. sidakine, 
 to sit down. 
 
 sidet, fpl. sCdetJi, stool, bench. 
 
 sijo, pres. sisijii, perf. as(/o, i. s//r'. pass. siV; 
 (st'o), to border. 
 
 si'kuatat (sfkwatat^, f.jd. nkua, (i^i'kiva), 
 bracelet. 
 
 siliba, 1)1. silibiKjin, flute. 
 
 sirotat, m.pl. siro, louse. 
 
 sirri, spinster. 
 
 si'watat, bee. vide si'atat. 
 
 so, pres. fosu, perf. as:!, i. son-', pass, yj^'e, to 
 prick, torment. 
 
 sodo, pres. sosodo, perf. asodo, i. sodont, to 
 squat, with bent knees. 
 
 s6*et, m.pl. so'etji, (1) puncture, prick; (2) 
 an instrument for puncturing, vide so. 
 
 so'fakin, pres. sosoyukin, perf. osofakhi, i. 
 sofaki, pass, so'fuki, to siuk. to let down. 
 
 soju, pres. so.-'u'Jn, perf. usojn, i. «q,'t'. [jass. sti'e, 
 to sjiur, to spear, pierce, vide sc. 
 
152 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, 
 
 somot, pi. of :ninut '. fish. 
 
 son, jircs. so^on. jierf. ason, i. sonijc', j^nss. sonya, 
 to send, (lispatcli. 
 
 sona, thus, just so (sometimes used instead of 
 Iv nd). 
 
 so'ru, fish basket, trap. 
 
 sot, f.pl. sotan, handle (as knife handle, etc.). 
 
 sbmuko, jires. stis<huul;o. peif. asonntl-o, i. siimu- 
 l-(i)ti'. to get dark, to become twilight. 
 
 sua'lyatat, f.pl. snulyu. tassle ((speciidly tl.at 
 of cotton worn on the loin cloth). 
 
 sua'ra, f.pl. snarahi. sun's beam or ray. 
 
 subi, 1i.\A..fii'hi(i (suhio). wax. 
 
 sudja, pres. sutudja, pert'. afiiiVj<i, i. sudje, 
 pass, sti'd, to fix the iron airow firmly into 
 the wood. 
 
 sii'et. vide so'et. f.pl. suefj'L sting, prick, 
 vide so. 
 
 suga, ])res. siisii(;((. perf. asmja, i. sulr {sugijc), 
 pass. 6w7.((, to comfort, ccntole. 
 
 suket, f.pl. fukitj'i, consolation, comfort, con- 
 solatory argument, cure. 
 
 sukin, pres. su')<ulin, perf. asulrn, i. suli, pass. 
 sn]:i, to put in. 
 
 su'kuri, f.pl. sd'loro, hen, fowl (in tlie plural, 
 all birds in general). 
 
 sii'kuri-kudue, pl.f. so'loro-litduc'li, brood- 
 hen, vide ludue. 
 
 sulo, m.pl. sulojin, rupture (hernia). 
 
 sulu, pres. suni'hi, perf. asuhi, i. sidiinr, pass. 
 ^ulua, to begin, commence. 
 
 sii'lua (siisiflua), f. the commencement, be- 
 j;innirg. vide suJu. 
 
 su'lue, c.pl.s. the first, vide sulu. 
 
 suluja, pres. SKsn'luja, perf. amluja, 1. sulune, 
 23as8. f-illua. to begin, vide sulu. 
 
 sii'lukuak, m.pl. suIu'Li:alan, claw, paw, hoof. 
 
 sum, pres. siisttm, perf. asian, i. sume, pass. 
 nt'ma, to poison. 
 
 sii'muti, m.pl somot, fish. 
 
 suna'na, now, at present, immediately. 
 
 sunundye, pies, susimundtje, perf. asununclye, 
 i. siilnjii, pass, ni'nne, to send here. 
 
 sunyu'et, f.pl. simyiVetji, embassy. A'idc 
 sunyun. 
 
 sii'nyukin, pres. snsunyuhin. perf. asunyvhin, 
 i. sunyulii, pass, siinyuld, to send something to 
 a person, vide son. 
 
 sunyun, pres. susimyun. perf. asunyiin, i. sunyu, 
 pass, siinyne, to send here. 
 
 sii'ot, m.pl. tii'to (also 6m"o<,7), ear (the visible) ; 
 the interior is called yinget. 
 
 sur, pres. susur, perf. astir, i. sure, to be 
 gluttonous. 
 
 suret, f. gluttony. 
 
 sii'un, pres. smuun, perf. asu'un, i. smt, pass. 
 suae, to spear, to gore, viele ad. 
 
 ta, pres. iatd, perf. a'd, i. lane, pass, taya, to 
 say, to talk. 
 
 taba, f.pl. td'hajin, tobacco. 
 
 tabok, calf-cow. 
 
 tadok, f.pl. tadd'ha, earthen vessel (especially 
 for tlie preparation of the yana). 
 
 tadonne, midwife. 
 
 tadu, pres. tatadu, perf. atad^i, i. tadinii, pass. 
 tadu'e. to bear, bring forth. Ex : ngote atadu 
 tore = the mother has borne a .son. 
 
 tadii'et, f.pl. tuduetji, birth. 
 
 ta'et, f.pl. td'etji, tale, narration, vide id. 
 
 ta'fingi, f.pl. id'fenrjon, guinea-fowl. 
 
 tagiya, hat. 
 
 tagv/ok, m.pl. hajyd (J.ajya), a calf of medium 
 size. 
 
 taka, f.pl. talid'ji'n, bench, form, board, target. 
 
 taka-na-meme, pi. tald^Jinti'-meme, imne of 
 glass, vide nieme. 
 
 takin, pres. tatalin, perf. atal.in, i. taJii, pass. 
 td'I.i, to say something to someone, to sjieak with 
 someone. 
 
 ta-ling (td'-h'ng), literally (1) you all; (2) 
 c.pl.s. quiet, still. Ex : give' (gweta) idling, be 
 quiet. 
 
 tami'rot, m.pl. tamer, the big gad-fly. 
 
 tan, pres. tatan, perf. atan, i. tunye', pass, tanya, 
 to touch, to handle. 
 
 ta'un, pres. tatd'un, perf. atd'nn, i. iaii. to 
 answer. Ex: se alio td'un = they are silent 
 (give no answer). 
 
 te, pres. iete'. perf. ate', i. tele', pass, tela, to be 
 strong, to conquer. 
 
 telemi, pi. talama, red monkey. 
 
 tern, pres. ietem, perf. atem, i. tente', pass. te''ma, 
 to measure, to fit, to adapt. 
 
 temakin, pres. iete'maldn, perf. ate'malin, i. 
 temalf, paes. temahi, to dole out, to adaj^t some- 
 thing, vide iem. 
 
 temba (temhi), pres. tetewba, perf. atemha, i. 
 iendn'. pass, te'ma, to measure with the basket, 
 vide iem. 
 
 temet, m.pl. ie'nietji, measure (to measure), 
 vide fern. 
 
 tene, no more. 
 
 teng, until, till, to (generally used with lo). 
 Ex: te'ng ho rima = to the blood, teng Ico 
 do'fo = until yen come. 
 
 teng, pres. ieteng. perf. ateng, i. tenr,e', pass. 
 iengo. to keep erft". to inclose, to abstain from, to 
 fast (the last mostly expressed by te''ng-mu[,mi 
 (beril;). 
 
 teng-nanakwan, pi. liteng. cow. 
 
 ter, m.pl. teron. pole (with which to push a 
 boat). 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 153 
 
 tera, c.pl.s. satiate, satisfied. 
 
 te'rere, f.pl. fere'ryat, desert, wilderness. 
 
 tete'n, pres. tetr'n, perf. atet('"n, i. tetene, pass. 
 tetc'na, to arrange, prepare (food, a meal). 
 
 tetenaki'n-mug'un-ki, to get up, to rise, vide 
 ti'te'n. i. Meni(l-C-iiiii<iHn-l;i. 
 
 tetendya, jires. tetendya, perf. atetemlya, i. 
 tdendi, i)ass. tetc'na, to ariange, mend, repair. 
 
 teteyon, pres. teteyon, perf. ateteyou, i. teteyone, 
 to dry up. Ex: /.o buiJn a in bolot teteyon = 
 without raia the duia dries up. 
 
 teya, pres. teteya, peif. ateya, i. te'i (tele), pass. 
 tela, to conquer, to overcome. 
 
 ti (ti), the, (1) article pi. and sign of the 
 genitive ; (2) negative in the perf. ; (3) imperat. 
 of tin. 
 
 tiat, f.t. juice. 
 
 ti'ben (ti'-ben), defect, verb, not willing, not to 
 want. 
 
 ti'-bulo, i)ve8. tC hxlo, perf. al-d'hxlii, not to be 
 able, vide biih'i. 
 
 tidya, pres. titiilya, perf. atidya, i. tvhje, pass. 
 ti'ja, to accuse, to charge with. 
 
 tiju, pres. titijit, perf. atlju, i. tiji (tmi), 
 pass, tiyii, to take care of, to protect; tiju- 
 iiiugun {tij'u-heril), to be on one's guard, to take 
 c;ire. 
 
 tiket, pillow. 
 
 tiko, prts. titilij, perf. ati'lo, i. tiluiri, to lean 
 against, or upon. 
 
 tikon, f.pl. tn.-iini, the other side; i-tildin 
 (ifiliim), the other world. 
 
 ti'limot (tili)iiot). f.pl. tilimiitji, the shadow. 
 
 tili'ongon, c.pl.s. discontented, dissatisfied. 
 
 timi, m.pl. ti'mint, earring, little chains tor the 
 ear. 
 
 tin, pres. tintin, perf. atin, i. ti (ti), pas.s. ti, to 
 give. (This verb reduplicates in tlie pres'entalso 
 the second consonant ; it is never titin, but tintin.) 
 
 tinet, f.pl. ti'netji, gift, present. 
 
 tir, m.j)!. tiriin, tribe, family. 
 
 ti'ribi, m.pl. tirihiut, tobacco pij^e reed. 
 
 tisun, pres. ti'tisun, perf. atCsun, 1. tis^l, pass. 
 ti'sue, to press, to drive (especially with force). 
 
 tit, pres. titit, perf. atit, i. tije, pass, tija, to 
 compel, to force. 
 
 titi'bu, pres. titfhu, perf. atitChu, i. titibi, pass. 
 titifu, to tattoo. 
 
 titiju, tscort. 
 
 titik, pres. titil;, perf. atitil; 1. titil-e', pass. 
 iitilo, to shut, block up. 
 
 titi'ket, m.pl. titfhetji, \ey. vide titil-. 
 
 titikun, rape. 
 
 titimba, pres. titimha, jierf. atitiwbu, i. titimbe, 
 to be jirying, inquisitive. 
 
 ti'toni, f.pl. tito, (1) thing, matter, affnir; (2) 
 treasure, weapon. 
 
 ti'tunti, m.pl, teton, young (of men). 
 
 tiyit, (l)sub.st. c.])l. tiyifji. watchman, guard; 
 (2) adj. watchful, vigilant. 
 
 to, pres. tiitu. perf. atd, i. tole', pass, td'lo, to 
 choke, strangle, to kill. 
 
 toa'tuan (tuatuan), pres. totod'tiian, perf. 
 atod'tuaii, to die, to dry up, to wither. Ex : 
 l-iidini tod'tium = the tree is dying. 
 
 toba'ka, jires. totobal;a, perf atobaha, i. toba- 
 l;an(', pass, fobd'hald, to finish, to end. 
 
 tobi'a, j.res. totobCa. ]ierf atobi'a, i. tobiane', to 
 make well, to heal, vide bC'a. 
 
 tobia'ju, jires. totobidju, perf atobiaju, i. 
 tobiaji, to make well, vide tobfa. 
 
 tobi'et, f.pl. tobi'etji. (1) health ; (2) cure. 
 
 tobunun, pres. totobuniin, perf. atobunun, i. 
 tobiinuni (tohuni), to use witchcraft, vide bunit. 
 
 tobur, }ires. totobur, perf. atobnr, i. tvburane', 
 pass, toburd, to make bsd. vide iwr. 
 
 tobura, pres. tofobxrd, perf i(tobiird,i. tobiirane', 
 pass, tobura, to make right. 
 
 toda'ra, pres. totoclara, perf. atodd'ra, i. to'7rt- 
 r"/(r; to tire, to futiguo. vide dara. 
 
 tode'ba, pres. t(itoile"b<i, perf. (itoile"ba, i. toclefe', 
 pass, tode'fa, to set light to, to make bum. Ex : 
 hiniang atode''fa = the fire is alight, vida deba. 
 
 toden, pres. totoden, perf. atoden, i. todenv, 
 pass, todc'na, to teach, instruct, vide r^en. 
 
 todi'net, f.pl. todi'netji, instruction, school. 
 
 todi'niki, pres. totodi'nili, perf. atodi'nili, 
 i. fndiitihi, to learn, to become learned. 
 
 todi'nikin, pres. f(if<idi''Hil.-iri, perf. atodi'niliiu, 
 i. todinilii, pass, tudi niki, to teach someone. 
 
 todo'ro, pres. totoiUi'ro, perf. atodd'ro, i. focZo- 
 rOTi''', to overturn (to make fall). 
 
 todii'fyen, pres. totodufyen, perf. atodti'fyen, 
 i. tiiihifyi ne, pass. todufye"no, to serve, to wait 
 upon someone. 
 
 todurjo, pres. totodurjii, perf cdodurjd, i. todiire. 
 pass, todiirii, to make big, to elevate, raise. 
 
 tofir, ])res. tatofir, perf. atofir, i. io/rrc, pass. 
 <o/;'»v;, to feed, to fatten. 
 
 tofi'rikin, pres. totofi'rilnn, perf. ato/i'rilnn, 
 i. tojirihi. pass, tofiriln, to place something, to 
 jiut, to lay. 
 
 tofodya, pres. tatofodya, perf. cdofodya, i. tofote, 
 pass, tojd'ta, to nourish, feed, maintain. 
 
 tofot, pres. totofut, perf. afofot, i. tofote, pass. 
 tofd'la, to nourish, provide with. 
 
 tofuri, pres. toto/uri, perf. atofuri, i. to/urine'. 
 pass, tofuryii, to make smoke, to smoke. 
 
 togo (togd), pres. tottrjo, perf. o^ojro, i. togoh', 
 pass, toijd lo, to make hard, strong. 
 
 togo'let, f.pl. togd'letji, the strengthening, 
 contirmution. 
 
 togorja, pres. totogorja, perf. atogorja, i. toi;orji, 
 p.ifs. toi,d'ra, to spy, explore (in order to steal). 
 
 togu, pres. fotoga, perf. atdiju, i. <of,t' (tokc^), 
 pass. ^(i7,-o, to chop, to cut. vide <«7.'. 
 
154 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, 
 
 togu, ^omau with a tongue. 
 
 togwe, pi'ts. totojive, ]ierf. atojtof', i. togicem', 
 pass, to iwc'a, to create, vide (jice'ci. 
 
 togwi'dikin, ])res. toiojici'diMn, perf. ato.jwi'- 
 (lildn, i. tuyivi'dilu', to lay, to place, to put. 
 
 togw^o, pres. totoiju-o, perF. ato,wo, i. to;,won'/, 
 pass, to'i^ra, to exchange, to barter. 
 
 togwo'det, f.pl. tojivd'detji, place, room (to 
 place something). 
 
 toi'k, pres. ioto'l; perf. ato'il; i. fo?Ae', to tight 
 with the spear or club. 
 
 tojo, pres. Mojo, perf. a/ojo', 1. tojon'', pass. 
 t6]io. to finish, to end. 
 
 tojone, weight. 
 
 tojong, jirts. totojon-j, perf. atojonn, i. tojon je, 
 pass, tojonja, to catoh, seize, to take prisoner. 
 
 tojo're {tojon), pies, totojo're, perf. atojd're, i. 
 to;oven'', pass, tojo^ro {tojo've), to fill, to make 
 full. 
 
 tojuf, pres. totojuf, perf. atojnf, i. tojufe, pass. 
 tojofu, to dress someone. 
 
 tojulin, pres. totojiilin, perf. atojulin, i. iojiilin:'', 
 to make friend.s. vide.//^ 
 
 tojurut, pres. iotojurut, perf. (dojurut, i. tojunitu. 
 pass. tojiVrido, to sink sumetJiing. vide jurud- 
 dyij. 
 
 tok, pres. fo/oA', perf. ato/i, i. <o/.-t', pass. io7.-o, 
 to knock, to knock at. Ex : )*(,'« io^/Zc A'lju'f = 
 who is knocking at tlie door ? 
 
 to'k {toiju), pres. totd'J:, perf. a/o'Vi, i. <oA-e, pa^s. 
 fo'A'o, (1) to cut of^", chop off, fell. Ex: nan tf 
 nyar to[iu {to'];) nfelo liodini = I shall not cut 
 down this tree; (2) to peck, bite. Ex: munn 
 atfi'J: nan = the snake has bitten me. 
 
 tok^rudya, pres. totohartidya, perf. atol;arudya, 
 1. toharndye, pass, iol.anfta. to make worthy. 
 
 tokelan, pres. totoh'lan, perf. atoke'lmi, i. 
 iohelv, pass, toke'la (toke'lun), to make clean, 
 cleanse, vide heJan. 
 
 toke'let, f.pl. tolie'htji, (1) cleaning, purging: 
 (2) cleanliness, purity. 
 
 toku, pres. totolni, perf. atolii, i. tohune, pass. 
 toltilce, to announce, to make known. 
 
 tokulya (tolnflya), pies, totohuhja, perf aio- 
 Indya, i. tohidyaui, to make talk, vide hidya. 
 
 tokukin, pres. toioluldn, perf. atohuldn, i. 
 tolniln. pass, tolculd, to make known to others. 
 
 tokuon, pres. iot6l;u".n, perf. atilmon, i. tuJniCni', 
 pass, tolcuoji, to make known everywhere, to 
 publish, vide A-jk"?*. 
 
 tokii'oro, preS. totoluCriJ, perf. afolu'iini, i. 
 tohuijro, pass, tolcuoji, to make known, to 
 announce. 
 
 tokii'un, pres. totoltfun, perf. atoluun, 1. /oA;/, 
 pass. ^oAjfe (seldom to'l.ue), to bring news. 
 
 tola'mo, morning. 
 
 tolien, pres. fotd'lien, perf. atJ'lien, 1. ioliem', to 
 possess. 
 
 tolien, f.i)l. to'lienji, i308ses.sion3, belonging 
 Ex: 6a?*« 7iO toh'eii ./ore = my father is rich, he 
 has large possessions. 
 
 tolig, pres. tdtolig, perf. atd'lig, i. toUhv, jiass. 
 toJi'la, to cool, vide /«,'.'. 
 
 tolikin, i)res. totolilcin, perf. atolVdn, i. tolili', 
 pass, tolild, to lose, vide /tAm. 
 
 tolili'ja, pres. totolilCja, perf. atoliU'ja, i. toUIi'e, 
 pass, toiriia, to quiet, appease, calm. Ex : nguro 
 atoU'Ua M'ngote, the child was quieted by the 
 motlier. 
 
 tolilik, pres. totolilil; perf. atolili';, i tol'dih", 
 jiass. toUUha, to dry (especially in the sun), 
 vide Z«7tA-. 
 
 toli'tu, pres. totoli'tu, perf. atoU'tn, i. tolitiin', 
 pass, toll t a, to make full, to fill iii>. to ciara. 
 vide /,'<e. 
 
 toniago'ra, pres. totomago'ra, perf. atoma'jo'ra, 
 i. toma'jore, to make hungry, vide magor. 
 
 tomat (tumat), pres. totomat. perf. at'imat, i. 
 tomati', pass, iomata, to water, to soak, vide 
 
 tome, m.pl. tomya {to'mia), elephant. 
 
 tomeddya, pres. totomeddya, perf. ato:iieddya, 
 i. (omeddi, pass, tome'ta, to beget, to produce. 
 
 tomun, pres. totomun, perf. atomun, i. tomurnj:', 
 pass, tomunya, to weaken, enfeeble. 
 
 tomunyet, f.pl. /o)HM"w//e(//, weakness, infirmity. 
 
 tong, prts. totong, i^erL atong, i. toiig,''{to»gg I ), 
 pass, ton ;a, to pinch, hip. 
 
 to'ngaddu, pres. fotu'ngaddu, perf. atongaddu. 
 i. td'ngadiii, jiass. td'w,ata, to magnify, amplify, 
 exaggerate. 
 
 tongbo, jar. 
 
 tongga, \ide foHgf. Ex; nan tongga mugim = 
 I i)inch myself. 
 
 to'ngi'en, pres. fotn'ngfen, perf. atd'ngftn, i. 
 t I'ngine, to v/ake, lo awake, rouse, vide ngi en. 
 
 to'ngun, ]ircs. totd'ngnn, perf. ato'ngun, i. 
 td'ngtiHc', pass, to'ngve, to surjiass, excel, to be 
 more important. 
 
 to'ngutut, pres. totd'ngntid, perf. atd'ngutut, i. 
 ti'mjutuk', pass, td'ngu'to, to siioiten, diminish. 
 
 tonok, pres. totonol; perf. atonal; i. tonole, 
 pass, toiid'lid, to scorch, to burn (transitive), 
 vide nohan. 
 
 tononga, pres. totonon^ja, ijeiL atonongt, i. 
 iononji, to prett nd to be dead. 
 
 tor, pres. <oto-, perf. «for, i. /ore, pass. <.<V(', to 
 bind, to fasten. 
 
 toran, pres. totd'ran, perf. atd'ran, i. /ore, to 
 ripen (of fruit). 
 
 tore, m.pl. tore'Ia, (1) son, descendant ; (2) 
 also 11 atiiiiiHia. 
 
 tore, m.pl. tor^'ot {toriyot), whistle (to blow), 
 trumpet. 
 
 tore'et, f.pl. tore''etji, (1) jumble, mixing 
 togetiier ; (2) chaos. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 155 
 
 torekin, prea. toton'liin, perf. ntore'hin, i. 
 torela', jiass. turel;i (tornt), to jumble or mix 
 together, one beueatli or under the other. 
 
 toret, f.pL tii'retji, bundle, bunch, packet, 
 vide tor. 
 
 tore-tor, tie up. 
 
 tori'gwok, pres. totorCgiojli, perf. (dorCijioiih, i. 
 toriijwohe, pass. torC'gwolM, to fiighten, terrify 
 someone. 
 
 tori'gwbko, to be frightened, startled (intrans.). 
 vide rijici'ihij and torfijicUl;. 
 
 tori'ma, pres. lotorinm, perf. atuii'ma, i. tori- 
 mane, to make bloody, vide rima. 
 
 toro'boti, f.pl. to'roho, arms (especially lance 
 and club). 
 
 toroddu, pres. totoroddn, perf. atoroddu, i. 
 torod'Jf, pass, toro'to, to make dry up, to dry, to 
 wither. 
 
 toron, pres. tciioron, perf. atd'ron, i. toromjc, 
 pass, toronya, to make bad, to lead astray ; (2) 
 to sin. 
 
 torondya, pros, totorondyn, jjerf. atorondyc, i. 
 torondi {(oronyr), pass, tord'nya, to make bad, 
 t'j slander, defame. 
 
 toro'nyet, f.pl. torJ'nyetji, wrong, sin, slander. 
 
 torrobo, luggMge. 
 
 tosi'da, pres. tofosfd't, perf. atosC'da, i. tosidun ■', 
 pass, tosi'dald, to place, to put. vide sida. 
 
 tote'ra, pres. fotofe'ra, perf. utote'ra, i. toterane, 
 to satiate, saturate, vide tei-a. 
 
 tote'yon, pres. totote"-yon, perf. atote'yon., i. 
 toteyone, pass, tofeyii'no, to dry up, harden [ 
 (transitive). E.^ : l;olong totote'yon deni = E.\ : ; 
 the sun dries up the grass. 
 
 totitimba, forward, impudent, vide titimha. 
 
 toto're, pres. tot'J're. perf. utoto're, i. toiorenc, 
 pass, totoreya, to scatter, disperse. 
 
 toto'rekin, pres. totd'reldn, perf. atotd'rekin, 
 i. totorelii, pass, fofi'reli, to disperse for another. 
 
 to'tu (from td'tnun), pres. totd'tu, perf. atd'ta, i. 
 tiitiiii:', pass, intud. tu kill. j 
 
 totii'et, c.pl. to/«"eij7, something deadly, mortal, 
 ]ioison. j 
 
 totii'ja, pres. totoiujd, perf. atotuja, i. totiine, ' 
 pass, fo'^/rf (tul'ia), to murder. 
 
 totu'n, i)res. tototun, perf. atotiin, i. totun<,c', 
 pass, totunje, to make blunt. 
 
 towa'lala, pres. totowd'hdd, perf. aiowd'tulu, 
 i. towalan', pass. waJd'la (ivahda), to boil (trans- 
 itive). 
 
 towor, pres. totoicor, perf. atowor, i. iowori\ 
 lias3. towd'ra, to provoke, to make angry, vide 
 
 toye'yu, pres. totoye'yti, perf. atoye'yn,i.toyeyi, 
 pass, toy -''yo, to remember sometliing, to tbink 
 of. 
 
 toyi'mono, pres. totoyi'imitw, perf. utoyCm'dnd, 
 i. toyimijn-', pass, yi m'ind, to satiate, to indulge. 
 
 toyng, pres. totoyinj, perf. atoyng, i. toyingc'. pass. 
 toyitigii, to make hear, to be compelled to obey. 
 
 toyng, jires. totoymj, \^evL atoyruj,!. toyn'je,\^&w. 
 toyngii, to quiet, calm, appease. 
 
 toyong, pres. totoyong, perf. atoyong, i. <o!/o- 
 ngenc', pass, toyonje, to cook, to brew. 
 
 toyonge, i)res. totoyonje, \}evL (itoyonge, 1. 
 toyonjenr, pass, toyfmge, (1) to finish ; (2) to be 
 ready (especially of cooking). 
 
 toyu, pres. totoyn, perf. utoyn, i. <o( (tolc), pass. 
 ^)7(», to liatcii, breed. 
 
 toyuf, pres. toloynf, perf. otoyuf, i. toyiif^, pass. 
 toyiffu. to make believe, vide ?/'»/, 
 
 toyu'fet, f. the help to belief. 
 
 toyii'kan, pres. totoyiflcan, perf. atoyulmn. i. 
 toy II he, jiass. toyu ha, to make rest, repose. 
 
 toyii'ket, f.pl. toyuhetji, calming, consolation, 
 rest, repose. 
 
 toyii'len, i^res. iotoyulen, perf. atoyulen, i. 
 tuyiilene', pass, toyu'le, to make discontented. 
 
 toyumbij, pres. totoymnhd, perf. atoynnibd, i. 
 toynmhe, to be charitable. 
 
 toyur, pres. <ofo?/K?-, perf. atoyiir, i. toynre', pass. 
 toyu'ra, to fret, to worry. 
 
 tbki, again. 
 
 tor (tdrr), f.pl. ifVron, sea. 
 
 towyli, m.pl. towilyet, (I) heart; (2) mind; 
 (3) will. 
 
 tu, pres. <((<((, perf. o<«, i. iti {itCtn), to go. 
 
 tu, (1) prepos. to, towards. Ex : 7wm jdjuld lit 
 Africa -— I am travelling to Africa. (2) verbal 
 prefix instead of to. Ex : tnhn'ha, told'ha. (3) 
 subst. prefix which takes mostly an adverbial 
 meaning. Ex : /ro'/j/'Oiy -- evening; tuhotyang 
 = in the evening. 
 
 tu, one (wlien counting). 
 
 tii, pres. <(//?/, perf. a<«, i. ^Jc', pass. ^M7o, to 
 pierce, bore. 
 
 tud'ji, f. death, vide iii'un. 
 
 tua'n (tod'n), pres. tiuVtnnn, peif. d'tinrn, i. 
 tumid', to die. 
 
 tua'n, f. death, pi. tnd'na, manner of death. 
 
 tua'n, c.jil.s. dead, deceased. 
 
 tuber, monkey. 
 
 tuda'raju, pres. tutndd'nijii, perf. (itiiild'rajuy 
 i. tndaratit', pass, tinlara, to run or hunt down-, 
 vide ddra. 
 
 tu'fafe, (1) f. the heat ; (2) adv. the time of 
 heat. vide/«/e. 
 
 tii'faran, (1) noon, dinner-time; (2) at noon, 
 vide far an. 
 
 tufe, f.pl. tiif/jin, piece, part (especially the 
 bigger). 
 
 tufe (tiitii/e'), riot. 
 
 tufet, f.pl. tiifc'tji, circumcision, cut, incijion. 
 vide tufiiH. 
 
 tufun, pres. tntufnn. jjcrf. atujnn, i. <"/w, pass. 
 iufue, to cut, circumcise. 
 
156 
 
 BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 pt-rf. (itu'Jn, to make sick or 
 pass, {li'l.ii, 
 
 tuja, pros. tidu'J 
 vomit. vide./«'. 
 
 tuk, pies, tiitiik. pei-f. (itnl; i. inl 
 to confess, to own. 
 
 tukangan, {.\>\. tnluVntianJu strtngtli, force, 
 vigour. 
 
 tukar, jires. iutubtr, perf. utiflar, i. tulcare, 
 pass, tiikarii. to waste, to .squander. 
 
 tii'kotyang, f.s. h-d'tt/dmi (luostly adv.), in the 
 evening. 
 
 tukor, pres. Ui'tuhUr, perf. utuhor, i. lithUrt, 
 pass, tul.iirii, to spoil, to put in disorder, vide /.or. I 
 
 tukii'orb, to make known, to publish, vide 
 J:i(i>r(). 
 
 tii'kwaje, adv. at night, in or during the night. 
 Ex: nan al-o doto hVlnoaje = I have not slept 
 during the night, vide himje. 
 
 tukworyen, f. possefcsion, property. vide 
 lacorinit. 
 
 tule, pres. tti'tide. perf. (tlii'le, i. tuleve, to burn, 
 to catch or lake fire. 
 
 tule'et, f.pl. tidc'etji. light. 
 
 tulekin, pres. tidiVltlin, perf. aUihldn, i. tideli, 
 lo liglit for someone. 
 
 tuki, m.pl. hCUa {tidyci), a pot (especially for 
 cooking). 
 
 tuliong, pres. tidtdivmi, perf. atidiumi, 1. 
 tidwmji. pass. tnUongo, to rejoice, to make glad, 
 vide li'migon. 
 
 tulu, m.pl. tnlid), a big hatchet, hoe, axe. 
 
 tii'lutut, m.pl. tuhVtntjin, (1) scrotum; (2) 
 hernia. 
 
 tulyang'gfu, pres. tntidynrKjijn, perf. atuhjnmign, 
 i. ttihjawjiji, pass, tidyanija, to lose. 
 
 tulyelyeti, f.pl. tnlye'lye, tliistle. 
 
 tumaddu, pres. tidnmculdn, peif. atiimuddn, 
 i. tumadd\\ pass, tumata, to water, to soak, 
 vide tomat and mojii. 
 
 tuman, pres. futinnan, perf. (duman, i. Ittmane, 
 to bear ill-will, show enmity to. Ex : yi tuUnnan 
 ho do (lele /.o Jele, f. nene l;o nene) = we hate each 
 other, vide man. 
 
 tumatyan, f. kingdom, dominion, vide nuttaf. 
 
 tiiraunit, m.pl. to'monol:, artisan (especially a 
 blacksmith). 
 
 tii'munit-lo-yukit, pi. t6'monol-ti-yida"t, smith. 
 vide tnlft. 
 
 tii'munit-lo-kare, pi. td'monol-ti'-lare, iisher- 
 man, fisher, vide Jutre. 
 
 tun, pres. tutun, perf. atun. i. tvne, pass. hVna, 
 (1) to put in order, arrange ; (2) to collect. 
 
 tu'nakin, pres. tidiVnuldn, perf. atifnal-in, i. 
 tti.nuhi, i)ass. fu'md.i, (1) to put in order or 
 arrange for another; (2) to collect for another. 
 
 tunakindya, pres. tidinmlindya, perf. atuna- 
 J.indya, i. tunalindye. pafs. M'nal;i, (I) to order, 
 
 arrange (also intransitive) ; (2) to assemble, con- 
 gregate. 
 
 tii'nge, pres. tidiVnge, perf. atu'ngc, i. iu'ngeni, 
 pass. hVni;i\ to give to eat, to feed. 
 
 tii'nge'rot, to go before, to precede, vide in 
 and n'jr'rot. 
 
 tungoti, pi. tiingot, riDg. 
 
 tunbgu, pres. tidi(noriii, perf. atunHgii, i. tiiniigi', 
 to suckle, to make suck, vide nofjii. 
 
 tur, pres. tiifnr, perf. atiir, i. tnre, pass, tu'rli, 
 to pull or knock down (transitive). 
 
 tur, m.pl. tnriJn, hamlet, village. 
 
 tur-duma, pi. turlm-tr'meji];, big village, town. 
 
 ture, m pi. tifria (tiirya), stick, club, rod. 
 
 ture-lo-reat, pi. iu ria-ti-reat, iron club, vide 
 real. 
 
 turja (turjya), pres. tuturja, jierf. aturja, i. 
 tiirjc'. p;iss. M'ra, to pour in. to put in. 
 
 turjo, pres. tidnrjo. perf. atiirJU, i. turje, to 
 fall in rin'ns (intransitive). 
 
 turo, pi-es. tiitu'rii, perf. ahiro, 1. turone, to 
 blossom. 
 
 turukti, m.pl. td^roh, (1) pebble; (2) hail-stone. 
 
 tutufe (tiife), riot. 
 
 tutii'let, f pi. tntuletji, hole, aperture, opening. 
 
 tutuo, f.pl. tidiiilon, ostrich. 
 
 tyer, pres. tyetyer, perf. atyer, i. tyere, to emit 
 sparks. 
 
 tye'r, f.pl. tyere'ji, a spark. 
 
 U 
 
 uddya, pres. uxi'ddya, perf. ati'ddya, i. uddyc, 
 pass, lija (i(yu'), (I) to take away, to seize; (2) 
 lutrans. to go away, to go off. 
 
 ugut, m.pl. ugutji, the stork (big kind). 
 
 uini, m.pl. uinil;6, medicine, physic, vide 
 icini. 
 
 uinyoti, f.pl. ui'n, the durra -stalk. 
 
 uju (imju), pres. iiii'Ju, perf. au'ju, i. uji, pass. 
 uyu, (1) to take, to catch; (2) to keep; (3) to 
 laden, load. 
 
 ukuli, m.i)l. dl:o]ot. India-rubber tree. 
 
 uluet {tnl'h(el). f.pl. u^U"'fji, choice. vide 
 icidun. 
 
 ulundyo, pres. iiidundyo. perf. au'Jundyo. i. 
 uhmdyv, pass, ulue, to choose, select. ,^vide 
 widun. 
 
 uluti (u'hdi), m.pl. bolot {olot), (1) dura; (2) 
 corn, grain in general. 
 
 undye, pres. uundye. perf. uiindye, i. nndyc, to 
 be affected witii. Ex : Icolanit au'ndye Lo 
 lifjihiii = the thief was seized with fright. 
 
 unguan (unguan'), four. 
 
 unguli (u'nguU), m.pl. uwulyet, the horn-owl. 
 
 ungvyuri (ungivun), m.pl. d'ngicora, horn. 
 
 uolu, f. west. 
 
 urbanga, f.pl. urhangajin, pelican. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 157 
 
 uret, f.pl. iiretji, wreath, crown, crest. 
 
 uri, I'ork-tree. 
 
 uri {uri), lu.pl. {iryU, boar. 
 
 li'ri, pi. iirhji, pig. 
 
 uronit {hnrimit), c.pl. nriUiiih (lj:tr<'mi>l:), liar, 
 vide urunS. 
 
 urono, pres. uurUnii, perf. nuriino, i. nrunum, 
 to lie. 
 
 urute (ifriite) f.pl. tvoro, dung, manure, 
 especially cow-dung. 
 
 utot, f.t. matter, pus. 
 
 uugo, pres. y(((;/o, perf. aii'iig."}, to storm, to rush, 
 bluster. 
 
 uugo, f. the storm, tlie rushing, roaring. 
 
 u'uri, pillow of wood. 
 
 W 
 
 wa, c.pl. v-aJa, courageous, stout-hearted. 
 
 waddu, pres. icaivaddn, perf. aw<tddn,i. waddi, 
 to swim (to row with the hands). 
 
 waji, f.t. buttermilk. 
 
 wala, pres. waicaht, perf. awuhi, i. walani, to 
 walk, wander, ramble. 
 
 wala'ji, pres. %c(iwidaji, ]ierf. aioaJaji, i. 
 ivahijinv, to walk, to take a walk.. 
 
 wa'lala, pres. ioaivalaJa,\)&xL aivalaJa, i. wala- 
 Jaiu'. to boil (iutr.). 
 
 wale, m.pl. waJya, knife. 
 
 ■wandu, pres. ivawandx, perf. awandu, i. 
 wandi, to worship, to pray. 
 
 wanet, f.pl. ivanetji, jirayer. 
 
 wang, pres. ioatmn:j, perf. aicang, i. wnngi, 
 pass, wanjd, to taste, relish. 
 
 ■wangetat, m.pl. wange, things hal'f ripe (also 
 adj. half ripe). 
 
 wanglek, (1) f. forenoon ; (2) in the forenoon. 
 
 waran, pres. ivawaran, i^erf. mcnran, i. tvart', 
 to dawn. 
 
 waratat, f. cotton thread, pi. waro, cotton. 
 
 •wate, pi. oinaliwan. 
 
 wayu, pres. ivawayn, perf. awayn, i. ^ca'i, 
 courageous, to be formidable. 
 
 we, pres. wewe, perf. aioe, i. ive'i (welc), pass. 
 vc'la, to anoint, embalm, grease. 
 
 weja, pres. weicc'ja, perf. awc'Ja, i. icej{, pass. 
 wi'yo, to sow. 
 
 wekin, pres. weweldn, perf. aicelnn, i. weln', 
 pass. iveL-i, (1) to sow for another; (2) to sow 
 broadcast. 
 
 •welan, pres. we'^welan, perf. aioelan. to swell 
 ujiorout. Ex: dihd (mo:jon), loc'ivehtn = the 
 
 wound is swelling. 
 
 ^vele't, f.pl. we/e'iyV, salve, ointment, fat, cream, 
 
 butter (also oil). 
 
 wele't-na-kulii'ngeri, oil, olive-oil. 
 
 wereyo, pres. tvewereyn, jtcrf. aivereyo, i. loere- 
 yon:', to ooze away. Ex : jiont awereyo C latje = 
 the water oozes tlirough the sand. 
 weya, i)res. iceweya, perf. aiveya, i. we'i, pass. 
 ice'Ia, to anoint, soil, besmear. 
 
 ■we'ya, f.t. seed, vide weja. 
 
 wi, pres. tnim, i)erf. aivi, i. ivHc, pass, wi lo, to 
 gulp down, to swallow, to devour. 
 
 wid, pres. lolwid , itevL arvid, i. iviti', pass, wi to, 
 to turn round, rotate. 
 
 wiju, pres. iviwijn, perf. aivijii, i. iviji, jiass. 
 iciK, to aim. 
 
 wi'lili, f.pl. ivCJVyu, duck (small kind). 
 
 wilo, c.pl.s. the smaller pait of a whole. 
 
 wilun, pres. wiici Inn, peif. awChin, i. wVii. to 
 sprout, to vise (also of the moon), vide hilan. 
 
 winge, pres. v-iicln'jc', perf. (iwia<ie, i. ivingr, 
 pass, icingij, to shake, to toss, to quake, tremble, 
 "wini, m.pl. tvini'hd, medicine, remedy. Ex: 
 Imtobi'ah yey/'kalin kamyeji ivinfku — the doctors 
 give medicine to the sick. 
 
 winyat, arrowshaft. 
 
 wiri, m.pl. iviriet, poi;on. Ex : l;(i\lo miijn 
 ivivido tiiatuan = if you take poison you will die. 
 
 wirja, ivirjya, pres. wiwirja., pert", aivirja, i. 
 wirje, pass, wi'ra, to spy. 
 
 wiwijo, pres. tviioijo, perf. awiiviju, i. loiwijii, 
 pass, iciicyo, to spin, to turn. 
 
 wiyo, pros, wi'iviyii, pert, awi'yii, i. iciyeni, to 
 be undaunted, to risk danger, to run a (great) 
 risk. 
 
 wi'yute, f.pl. iviyn, ironstone, iron b.dl, bullet, 
 iron nail. 
 
 wo, pres. u'ow:>. perf. aico, i. icon;', pass, ivd'wa, 
 ivi'jci, to soften, in water. 
 
 wo'dodo, cjiLs. hlthy, dirty (of the road). 
 
 wodya, pres. ■woirodyn, perf. awudya, i. woddi, 
 to eat with the si)oon. 
 
 woja, pres. wu'woju, perf. awd'J((, i. icojt, pass. 
 wii'<(, to weed. 
 
 wo'jet (wodyet), f. eating with the spoon, vide 
 loodya. 
 
 wokken, escape. 
 
 won, pres. v:owon, perf. aivon, i. iconc'. to run, 
 leak, to bubble, to drizzle, to drop (especially 
 also tears, vide l;onyen-won. 
 
 wongeri'kin, pn s. woiron;erildn, i)erf. atoon- 
 tjerChin, i. wronger il:C, i)ass. ivonjerihi, to con- 
 tradict. Ex : nan woioonjerChi ngufi ho do = I 
 am always contradicted by you. 
 
 wongon, jires. ^vti'mnujon, perf. aicomjon. i. 
 lOongi', to cry, complain, lament, mourn. 
 
 w^or, pres. wovor, perf. aicvr, i. ivore, pass. 
 wd'ro, to scrape, scrape oif, to curry, tan. 
 
 wora, ]ires. ivaicora, perf. awd'ra, i. icoruni. to 
 change, to cliange one's condition, 
 woran, pres. icoicd'ran, perf. aicd'nin, i. icorc, 
 
 to be angry. 
 
158 
 
 BARI-ENOLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 •woret, f pi. u'li'retji (icdretii), (I) cluiuge. 
 alteration ; (2) wrath, anger. 
 
 ■worju, pres. tcourirjti, perf. aworja, i. worji, 
 pass, icvro, to rub otT, shave off. vide wor. 
 
 woryo, c.pl. woryo'hni, disorderly, dissolute. 
 
 ■w6'\ve, ID. pi. tvd ireji7i, hawk. 
 
 ■wowo'ja, i^res. icoicd'Jn, perf. atvd'Ja, i. icoicoji 
 {icowoiic), pass, ivd'ua, to provide with or for, to 
 maintain. 
 
 wogiri, pros. wUu-l'giri, perf. awih;iri, pass. 
 n-w,«-t'7r2n, to abduct, steal. Ex: liasi'r na Wani 
 awliginldn ho Mecli = W.'s sister has been 
 abducttd by M. 
 
 wokon, pres. tvoiouliUn, perf. aioulon. i. loiili. 
 to go off, to run away, to fly, flee. 
 
 ■wolu, n. the west. 
 
 woroji, pres. umvUrdJi, perf. awordji, i. lodrdji 
 {icdrojine), to draw away, to carry away on 
 wheels, to start, drive away. 
 
 woroka'na, adv. gratis, for nothing, vide 
 gworS and Imna. 
 
 vfovfu, f.pl. wdwulii, hole, ditch. 
 
 ■wii, pres. tt)!/w,'M, perf. mfu,i. wtmi (njf, iviiji), 
 pass, uti'yu, to take, accept, vide uju. 
 
 wuju {wuju), pres. iuinvuj'u, perf. aicnju, i. 
 wiiji, pass, lai'yu, to take, accei^t. vide kjh. 
 
 wii'luet. vide jc'Iuet. 
 
 wulun Qidun), pres. wuuu'lnn, perf. aiiuinn 
 {au'lun), i. ivuJu, pass, uu'liie {ulve), to choose, 
 select, elect. 
 
 wur, pres, wmvnr, perf. aiovr {au'r), i. ux/re, pass. 
 uu'ro (u'rd), to scratch, draw, write, engrave. 
 
 V7uret, f pi. wuretji, writing, text, book. 
 
 vsrurju (wmvurju), inspector, or (to inspect). 
 
 wurokin, pres. louwuroldn, perf. awurUMn, i. 
 wurdld, pass, xcurdld, (1) to write for another ; 
 (2) to write down, enter, register. 
 
 wutte, prostitute. 
 
 ■wuyut, m.pl. wui, buttocks. 
 
 ya, pres. yayd, perf. ayd, i. yale, pass, yd'la, 
 (1) to move, to be in motion (of water); (2) to 
 give more. Ex : yale nan = give me more. 
 
 ya, where, where from ? (also whence). 
 
 yafa, m.pl. yafd'la, moon, month. Ex: nan 
 fofo^ ho ijafo'la, huhe'r hot = I shall come in six 
 months' time. 
 
 yafa-jore, m. full moon, much moon. Ex : 
 yafa-Jore (yafd'-lo-jore), hwehive'Ueji — the full 
 ■ moon is beautiful. 
 
 yafa-vnlo iyafa'-lo-u-ilo), new moon, vide icilo. 
 
 yafinga, to sneeze. 
 
 yak, pres. yayah, yviL ayah, i. yahe, pass. 
 yd'ha, to stone. 
 
 yaka, pres. yayaha, perf. aya]:a, i. yahniii, 
 pass, yahahi, to spit. 
 
 yakanye, f.pl. yahanyejin, grandmother. 
 
 yako, iires. ydhjaho, perf ayd'ho, i. yahole, pass. 
 yai<-<)'lo : to miss the mark. 
 
 yala (yd'la), m.pl. yald'Jiii. btonn. vide yd. 
 
 yama, pres. yaydma, perf. ayd'ma. i. yamanc', 
 t'l yawn, gape. Ex: yayd'tna ncjnfi ngyol = 
 why are you always yawning ? 
 
 yamanit, pi. yamah, magician. 
 
 yamet, f.pl. yd'metji, yawning, vide yama.' 
 
 yamora, agreement. 
 
 yanggo, f.pl. hoyangcjo, mother. 
 
 yangotat, f.pl. yango, leprosy, itch, mange, 
 syphilis. 
 
 yaro, f.pl. ya'rujin, hippopotamus. Ex: i jur 
 h> Bari yd'rujin jore = in the Biiri country there 
 are many hippopotami. 
 
 yaua, f.t. beer (merissa from diirra). 
 
 yayake, orderly. 
 
 yayasho, pi. yaya, porcupine. 
 
 yayu, pres. yayd'yu, perf. ayd'yn, i. ijai (yalc), 
 to move, stir, vide yd. 
 
 yega, pres. ye'yega, perf. aye'^ga, i. ycgi, pass. 
 ye'];a, to bring, to bear hither (i specially to 
 carry about). 
 
 yeja, pres. ycye'ja, perf. aye'ja, i. yejf, to look 
 up, to look towards a place. 
 
 yeje, f.pl. ye'jeld, ntt. 
 
 yek, pres. yeyeh, peiL ayeh, i. yehe, pass, ye'ha, 
 to give, to bring, vide yega. 
 
 yekakin, pres. yeye'hahin, perf. ayt']:ahin, i. 
 yehahi, pass, yehahi, to bring, to oft'er, to dedicate, 
 vide yega. 
 
 yeket, fpl. ye'hetji, gift, sacrifice. vide 
 yehahin. 
 
 ye'ma, pres. ye'^yema, perf. ayc'Una (at^'ma), i. 
 yemani, to marry (of girls), ye'ma. ]il. of yeviha. 
 Ex : hu Bari ye^yema hodiji ndWidih = the Bari 
 girls marry young. 
 
 yemba, pres. yeyemba, perf. ayemha, i. yemhC, 
 to marry (of men). 
 
 yemet, f.jil. ye'metji, marriage, matrimony. 
 
 yen, pres. yeyen, perf. ayen, i. yene, pass. ye''no, 
 to hope, to exjject. 
 
 yeng, pres. yeyeng, perf. ayeng, 1. yenge, to 
 remain, stay. •- - .^ 
 
 yengga, pres. yeyengga, perf. ayengga, i. yenggi, 
 to arrive, to reach, to come from somewhere. 
 yeng'ngin (contr. of ye''ngin), c.pi.s. always, 
 lastii g. vide yeng and ngin. 
 yengundya, pres. yeyengundya, perf. ayen- 
 gundya, i. yengundye", to come here, hither, to 
 approach. 
 
 yenki (really yeny-li), c.pi.s. (1) dwellers in 
 heaven ; (2) eternal, always living. 
 
 yeye, pres. yeye', perf. ayeye', i. yeyene", pass. 
 yeyo, to think, to consider. 
 
BARI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 159 
 
 yeyeet, f.iil. yetje'etji (yey('yot), thought, idea. 
 yeyeju, pres. yeye'jn, perf. ayeyeju,, i. yeyeji, 
 pass, yeyo, (1) to think, to reflect; (2) to] 
 remember; (3) to trust. 
 
 yeyema, mnrried, adj. 
 
 yeye-na-kak, a slight earthqualce. 
 
 yi (spoken fast in speaking and pronoinieed 
 almost as i), pi. of nan, I. 
 
 yiben, refuse. 
 
 yidin, pi. of kine, young cattle. 
 
 yig, pres. yiyig, perf. ayin, i. yigi', pass, yi'ga, 
 to threaten, to menace. 
 
 yigga, pre^. yiyi'gga, perf. aydjga, i. yigge, 
 pass, yi'ga, (o threaten, to menace. 
 
 yik, pres. yiyil:, i. yihe, pass. yCl!i>, to fill up a 
 ditch, hole, cavity. 
 
 yika, f.pl. yihajin, straw-mat. 
 
 yilakin, pres. yiyi'laJrin, perf. ayilal:in, i. 
 yilald, ]>ass. yilald, to ladle, pour into. 
 
 yi'mono (yimijno, yiyf miini'i), c pl.s. satiate, 
 satisfied, enough vide toyVmiJniJ. 
 
 ying, pres. yiyimj, perf. aying, i. yinge, pass. 
 yinga, to hear, to notice. 
 
 yinga, pres. yiyimja, perf. ayln[,a, i. yingani, to 
 be silent, vide ying. 
 
 yinget, f pi. yfngetjl, the inner ear, hearing, 
 vide ymg. 
 
 yingga, pres. yiying<;a, perf. ayingga, i. yingge, 
 jiass. yinija, to hear, vide yivg. 
 
 yite'et, n. return, vide yi tue. 
 
 yito, pres. yiyitij, perf. ayito, i, yituni, to turn 
 back, return, vide yitye. 
 
 yi'tue (also yitwe). vide yifye. 
 
 yitye (yi'tue}, pres. yiyitye, perf. ayitye, i. 
 yityene, to return, to come again. 
 
 yoka, pr-es. yfyoka, perf. ayd'ka,i. yol-anc', to 
 cough. 
 
 yoka, f.pl. yokalan, cough, cold. 
 
 yokan, pres. yoyolxin, perf. ayo'lmn, i. j/oAt, to 
 be lazy, to be idle, vide yulcan. 
 
 yoke, c.pl. yol;ya, lazy, idle, . 
 
 yoket, n. laziness, idleueis. 
 
 yoko, pres. yd'yoho, perf. ayu'lco, i. yokom', pass. 
 yii'Jnie, to free, deliver, release. 
 
 yolet, m.pl. yo'letji, song, vide yolo. 
 
 yolo, pres. yoyd'lo, perf. ayu'lo, i. yoloni, pass. 
 ?/(>7o, to sing, vide 2/o;/"- 
 
 yonge, c.pl.s. ready, finished, ripe. 
 
 yorot, pies, yoyjrot, perf. uyu'rof, i. yoroU-, 
 pass, yd'roto, to press, press or sfjueeze out. 
 
 yoro't, m.pl. yorotjin, owl. 
 
 yoyo'ja, pres. yoyo'ja, perf. ayoyo'ja, i. yoyojf, 
 liass. yo'yna, to marry, to want to be married 
 (speaking of girls). 
 
 yoyu, pres. yd'yoyn, perf. nyd'yn, i. yoloni', pass. 
 j/o'7o, to sing, vide 2/^j'o. 
 
 yobu (yohii), n. wood, forest, pi. yOhuit. 
 
 yodu (yodu), f.pl. a black stone which when 
 ground is used for glazing. 
 
 yoki, pres. y"yiil,i, perf. ayiili, i. yoJn'ne, pass. 
 yUlnii. to order, command, vide yi>l;iji>. 
 
 yoki'et, f.pl. yohfetji, order, command. 
 
 ybkijo, pres. yvyfilijo, perf. oydlrijii. i. yiikijf^, 
 pass, ^/o/ao (yu]a"o), to order, command, vide 
 2/o7a'._ 
 
 yolit, n.pl. yllitji, visit, visiting, vide y'^/"- 
 
 yoyu, prv s. yiiyoyu, jaerf. ayiiyu, i. ?/o(', pass. 
 ?/?(), to visit. 
 
 yu, (1) there; (2) thither; (3) from that place. 
 
 yu, pres. ymjii, perf. ayH, i. yxne, to skim, to 
 fi>am, to ferment. • 
 
 yubo, pres. yuyuho, perf. aijiCho, i. yuhe, pass. 
 yii'fo, to be of opinion, to think, vide yxif. 
 
 yuddii, pres. yiiyuddii, perf. ayuddu, i. yuddi, 
 pass. yiVtu, to feed, to nourish, to bring up. Ex : 
 nguajili loWidih {ngiia'Jil: nadidil:, f.), yuyu'tu 
 1;6 le ti ngote = little children are brought up on 
 their mother's mdk. 
 
 yuf, pres. ynytif, perf. ayiif, i. yufi', pass, yii'fo, 
 to believe, vide ynbU. 
 
 yufet, n. faith, belief, vide y>if. 
 
 yugu, pres. yiiyugii, perf. ayii'gii, i. y>if;i, pass. 
 yulm, to guard, protect, be a shepherd, to graze. 
 
 yuk, pres. yuyuk, perf. aynl; i. yidie, pass. 
 yu'kii, to make wind (especially with bellows). 
 
 yukakin, pres. ynyiVkakin, perf. ayiVhakin, i. 
 yuliali, to breathe upon, breathe into, inspire. 
 
 yukan, pres. yuyukan, perf. aijukan, i. j/^/.r, 
 to brtathe, blow, to rest, repose. 
 
 yuket, m.pl. yuketji, breath, sigh. 
 
 yuket, f.pl. yuketji, rest, repose. 
 
 yukin, pres. yxyuJriv, perf. ayukin, i. yidii, to 
 go to another country, emigrate, remove. 
 
 yuki't, f.pl. yuki'ten, forge, bellows. 
 
 yulen, pres. yuyuhn, perf. ayulcn,\. yule] to be 
 discontented, to grumble. Ex : nge ayuhn akwc' 
 na roftt ncCdit = he (she) was discontented ou 
 account of the small wage. 
 
 yulon, n. thunder. 
 
 yun, pres. yvyun, perf. ayun, i. yum', pa.'s. 
 yiVna, to load. Ex : kayne ayuna fari'k — the 
 horse is too heavily laden. 
 
 yungue, pres. yuyungue, perf. ayiCngue, i. 
 yungueni, to bring forth young. 
 
 yunguet, n. (1) womb; (2) birth, delivery. 
 
 yur, pres. yuyur, perf. ayur. i. yure', pass. yiVra, 
 to set on file, to birrn. Ex: nan ayu'r kadi=I 
 set fire to the house. 
 
 yura'n, pres. yuyu'ran, perf. ayuran, i. yun', to 
 mourn, to bemoan. 
 
 yure {yur:'), n. (1) east, eastern country ; (2) 
 early, in the morning. 
 
 yuret, f.pl. yu'refji, trouble, pain, sorrow, vide 
 yuran. 
 
READING LESSON. 
 
 A BARI FABLE. 
 
 Dyet Ml ngote ku monyelonyet amecl- 
 dya I mede niynu. Ngote ajolo, nge 
 ajamhu Jco nguro-naJcican : mete hura 
 JcS mu'ngi ! Amd dyet ako met hurd ; 
 monye gioon ho magor. 
 
 Nd ngote ayitue, monye agioe alosoh ; 
 sundna yigote ariJcoro dyet i yobu ho 
 hupo duma, anyan doya hiteni. Nge 
 apo i hodini dmna. Nielo hodini lo 
 hijahita : ama hijahua awaldji. 
 
 Dyet atojore hupo ho honyen ti 
 hodini. Ede ayitue hijahua hotyang ; 
 se arie dyet ngyu i hodini hi. Se 
 alidngon parih. hogwon se ay en lohore 
 wuwuju, ho se hoho dyet niena. 
 
 Kijahua hulye adiain stmdna, ama 
 hoyure yi nge^ ngesu na. Ko-nd hija- 
 hua ling adoto i hodini hah, on dyet 
 dandji. 
 
 Kwajye lihito api'irue, nge ahija i 
 hodini hi, nge api dyet, hode dedeh pot, 
 hode dedeh tudn. Dyet adeh popot. 
 
 A girl lived with her father and 
 mother in the same house. The 
 mother went on a journey and said 
 to the daughter, " Take care of your 
 father." But the girl did not look 
 after him : the father suflered hunger. 
 
 When the mother returned the 
 father had grown thin ; then she 
 sent the girl into the wood with a 
 large basket to look for sycamore. 
 She came to a big ti-ee. This tree 
 belonged to the animals, but they 
 were absent. 
 
 The girl filled the basket with the 
 fruit of the tree. In the evening the 
 animals returned and found the girl 
 still in the tree. They were very 
 pleased, because they hoped to get 
 meat by (eating her) devouring her. 
 
 Some of the animals said, "Not yet, 
 but to-morrow morning early w'e will 
 eat her up." All of them slept under 
 the tree, so that the girl could not 
 escape. 
 
 In the night the hare awoke, 
 climbed the tree, and asked the girl 
 if she wished to live or die. She 
 wished to live. 
 
 Lihito adi : ho nan luoluoh do, do tin 
 nan ngyo 1 Dyet adi : nan tintin do 
 ling, nd deh do. 
 
 The hare said, " If I let you go 
 what will you give me ? " The girl 
 replied, " I will give you all you ask 
 for." 
 
 M 
 
( 162 ) 
 
 Likito arugo : nan deJc Jconut sokoro. 
 Dyet atakin age : do dedeh sohoro 
 mudci? LiJcito amgd,jore,jore. Dyet 
 adi : inhe, h'l nan popo mede. 
 
 The hai'e said, "I demand hens 
 from you." The maid replied, " How 
 many hens do you want 1 " The hare 
 said, " Many, many." The girl said, 
 " Very well, as soon as I get home." 
 
 Sundna mureke ahiwe kak, se aid 
 mode nd dyet. JEde dyet atin likito 
 sokoro jore, ieng ko nge alidngdn. 
 Likito awiiju sokoro, nge ayito i yobn. 
 
 Then they both got down and 
 went to the girl's house, and she 
 gave the hare as many hens as he 
 wanted. He took them and returned 
 to the wood. 
 
 Ngyu nge adung sokoro, nge abiik 
 rima-kase i kalabd nddit. Nd nge a' 
 ngesu teng ko yinidno, nge apo tbki i 
 kodini, nge adukun lungci kalahd ko 
 rima. 
 
 There he killed the hens and poured 
 the blood into a little dish. When 
 he had eaten and was satisfied, he 
 went again to the tree, taking the 
 little dish with the blood with him. 
 
 JEde adumun rima, nge abobod kutuk 
 nd gworong ko mujinkase ; ede nge 
 atu doto. 
 
 Then he took the blood and smeared 
 it on the snout and claws of the 
 hyena and went to sleep. 
 
 Koyure ling apilrue, likito geleng 
 adoto akd : amd nge aying ling. Kija- 
 kua akidya lele ko lele ; sundna yi 
 dedek ngesu lokore ! 
 
 In the morning they all awoke, 
 only the hare appeared to be sleep- 
 ing ; but he heard everything. The 
 animals said to each other, " Now we 
 will eat meat." 
 
 Atfia lokore atn ! Ling apija lokore 
 atu da ? Ede se a' ngi likito, se api : 
 lokore n'yd f Likito adi : nan ti den ; 
 ama diri gworong a'ngesu na ; gioo- 
 rong ko rima i kutuk ko mujin. 
 
 But the meat had disappeared ! 
 All asked where it had gone. Then 
 they awakened the hare and asked 
 him Avhere the meat was ; but the 
 hare said, " I don't know, but surely 
 the hyena has eaten it ; he has blood 
 on his snout and claws." 
 
 Kijakua kulye aworan ko gworong, 
 se agivut nge .- ama kulye ako yup. 
 -Ede likito adi : yi kokondya dili 
 ndgulu ko ndgalang, ngin kimang ; 
 kijakua ling lalang kimang, se do doro, 
 ko meri. 
 
 Some of the animals were enraged 
 at the hyena and fell upon him, but 
 others did not believe him guilty. 
 Then said the hare, "We will make a 
 broad and deep ditch and make a 
 tire in it ; all the animals must jump 
 over the tire : those who fall in are 
 guilty." 
 
( 163 ) 
 
 Ling along Tele hot lele, amd ling 
 adoro. Ama liMto aJco Icing ; nge 
 adandji i yobu ho liongon, Jcogwon 
 lohong. 
 
 I yobu nge arum ho gioore. Se 
 murehe adoya honyen ti hodini. Kb- 
 dini lo monye lele. Na nielo apo 
 tcmouj'u honyen ti hodini, nge arie 
 hudih. Nge ho-dije holdh ahohoyd se. 
 Ko-nd nge adeh tojong hido, ho sepopS 
 tbhi. 
 
 Nge agiveja ngimuye nd meme, nge 
 atogwidihin na i hodini hi. Kwajye 
 tdhi ape lihito ho gwore, anydn se 
 ngesu honyen. 
 
 Se amele dyet i hodini hi. 
 
 All jumped ovei- one after the 
 other, and all fell in. But the hare 
 did not jump ; he escaped to the wood 
 rejoicing over his cunning. 
 
 In the wood he met the fox. Both 
 were looking for fruit. But the tree 
 belonged to another man, and when 
 he came to gather it he found but 
 little. He thought thieves must 
 have stolen it, and he wanted to 
 catch them when they came again. 
 
 So he made a tigure of a girl out 
 of gum and put it up in the tree. 
 In the night the hare and the fox 
 came again to eat fruit. 
 
 They saw the girl on the tree. 
 
 Lihito ahij'a hi; amd dyet ayiriga 
 tdling. Lihito abut dyet, ama mohotji- 
 hdnyet adebba ho meme. Ede nge 
 nge awongon : hbli nan ! hbli nan I 
 Amd dyet aho hblbhin nge. 
 
 The hare climbed up, but the girl 
 was quite still. He fell upon her, 
 but his claws stuck fast in the gum. 
 Then he cried out, " Let me go ! 
 let me go ! " But the girl did not let 
 him sro. 
 
 Ede nge alung gwbre, anyan ngara- 
 Mn lo. Ede gicbre lunga ahija hi; 
 amd nge lunga adebba. Sundna lihito 
 a^ambu ho gwbre : ho monye hodini 
 popo, ho nge bubut yi, do hohondya 
 ngyo f 
 
 Gwbre adi : nan loowongon. Lihito 
 adi : ho wongon parih, ama hudih, 
 hudih, ede tunongi mugun, anydn nge 
 ho-dije do dtuan. 
 
 Monye hbdini apo hoyure, nge arte 
 7iturehe i hbdini hi. Sundna nge 
 ahija hi, nge abut murehe; gwbre 
 awongon parih teng ho tuan ; ama 
 lihito awongon hudih, ede nge atonanga 
 ahd. 
 
 Then he called the fox to his aid. 
 The fox climbed up to him, but he 
 also stuck fast. Said then the hare 
 to the fox, " If the owner of the tree 
 comes and beats us, what will you 
 do?" 
 
 The fox replied, " I shall wail." Said 
 the hare, " Do not wail much, only a 
 little ; lay yourself out as if dead, .so 
 that he may think you are dead." 
 
 In the morning the owner of the 
 tree came and found them both there. 
 Then he climbed up and beat them. 
 The fox wailed till he died ; but the 
 hare only wailed a little, theustretcbed 
 himself out and feigned death. 
 
( 164 ) 
 
 Ede monye adiimun se, nge ade 
 Jconyen, nge atin i hipo Ico Iconijen ho 
 Jnjal'na murelic, mje adogguhiipd mede 
 i hce. I tu lihito apurue, nge adek 
 lunga ngiju gwbre ; ama gwbre dfiian. 
 
 Ede UMto a' ngesu honyen jore i 
 hupo, nge toki atononga. Monye aye- 
 nggd mede, nge arie Jconyen Jcndik ; 
 nge aJco den add. 
 
 Sundna monye atin MjaJcna mureh, 
 ho horihot ho hupir, i sape duma, anydn 
 se dedera. Nd piom pape, lihito agii- 
 hard sape, alahiin i piom nge aicohon. 
 Monye arihoro nge, ama hana. 
 
 Then the owner took them, plucked 
 fruit, and put it as well as both 
 animals iii the basket, and carried it 
 on his head home. On the way the 
 hare awoke and wanted also to waken 
 the fox, but the fox was dead. 
 
 The hare eat a great deal of the 
 fruit in the basket and again feigned 
 death. The owner arrived home 
 and fovnid only a little fruit — he did 
 not know why. 
 
 Then the owner put both animals, 
 with skin and hair, in a large pot to 
 be cooked. As the water became 
 hot, the hare burst open the pot, 
 jumped out and ran away. The 
 owner followed him, but in vain. 
 
 OF - 
 
 L/^^ 
 
 We 
 
 ^NlVEpt^f^^Y 
 
 OF 
 
 •t-fr,-,- 
 
 LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, 
 DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W. 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 LOAN DEPT. 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
 on the date to which renewed. 
 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 
 
 ^ NE WALS <>Nl¥ - 
 
 Tel. No. 642-3405 
 
 iui^m [^m — s. 
 
 J^jt A Qc g 
 
 '8S 
 
 ^TACKf T 
 
 10^66; 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^% 
 
 MAY 301959 16 
 
 ..^:T'D TO ART- 
 
 nECi-iVeo 
 
 .''-IITHRO LIBRARir 
 
 ^ 
 
 SEP20'68: 
 
 ffi- 
 
 .e^^' 
 
 T%- 
 
 o 
 
 |>vV 
 
 LD 2lA-10m-l,'68 
 (H7452sl0)476B 
 
 General Library 
 
 University of California 
 
 Berkeley 
 
1^- BERKELEY LIBRARIES 
 
 CD^b^b7^ab 
 
 '097 
 
 211 719 
 

 
 
 '"PW 
 
 
 Iw