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 THE PUPIL 'S WORKBOOK 121 THE 
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 VA
 
 THE PUPIL'S WORKBOOK IN THE 
 GEOGRAPHY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 THIS IS MY BOOK. 
 
 PUPIL'S NAME 
 
 SCHOOL 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY 
 
 BOSTON • NEW YORK CHICAGO • LONDON 
 ATLANTA • DALLAS • COLUMBUS SAN FRANCISCO
 
 THE FRYE-ATWOOD GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES 
 
 New in treatment, new in content. Human geography is the keynote. 
 
 The Frye-Atwood Geographical Series provides a wealth of stimulating sug- 
 gestive problem material and the full map equipment essential to the freest 
 development of the problem method. 
 
 While the co-authors are joindy responsible for the entire series, each has 
 taken one book for his special care. The result : Book Two is not simply an 
 elaboration of Book One but approaches the subject from a new angle. 
 
 NEW GEOGRAPHY, BOOK ONE By Alexis Everett Frye 
 
 A new, fresh, and original treatment of the minimum essentials of 
 geography that every child must have as a background for his later study. 
 The work is based on human geography with the story approach. There 
 are six full-page illustrations in color and over five hundred and fifty illus- 
 trations in black and white. Among the latter are the so-called " industrial 
 motion pictures." The correlation of geography with history, government, 
 and nature study is shown constantly, and always in a manner that clarifies. 
 
 NEW GEOGRAPHY, BOOK TWO By Wallace W. Atwood 
 
 The first regional geography offered to American schools. This text- 
 book, which marks a new era in the teaching of geography, is conspicuous 
 for its adaptation to the problem method. There are sixty colored maps, 
 arranged in series of five maps each, to show the natural regions, economic 
 and commercial factors, with the political boundaries, rainfall, distribution 
 of population, and vegetation and relief. The value of the six hundred 
 illustrations is enhanced by the full legends, which include questions 
 designed to stimulate interest and thought. 
 
 Mrs. Anna Lockwood, special teacher of geography, Rochester, Minnesota, 
 says, " Because of the problem-method approach these books fit bettet into 
 our plan of teaching both world and home geography than any others." 
 
 TEACHING TOE NEW GEOGRAPHY By W. W. Atwood and H. G. Thomas 
 
 A manual for the Frye-Atwood Series, containing a complete explanation 
 of regional geography, a helpful discussion of problem-method teaching, and 
 several type problems worked out in detail. For the convenience of the teacher 
 all the questions contained in the geographies are answered in this manual 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY : PUBLISHERS
 
 mul Cmni'uriy
 
 THE PUPIL'S WORKBOOK IN THE 
 GEOGRAPHY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 THE PROBLEM METHOD 
 
 BY 
 FREDERICK A. RICE 
 
 AND 
 
 WILLIAM G. PADEN 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY 
 
 BOSTON • NEW YORK • CHICAGO • LONDON 
 ATLANTA • DALLAS ■ COLUMBUS ■ SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 S 2 2 H
 
 TO THE TEACHER 
 
 The New Geography. During recent years a great revolution has taken place in the teaching of 
 geography. We no longer stress merely the locational, the political, the physical, or the economic and 
 commercial phases of the subject fur their own sake. Instead we aim to teach all the facts of geography 
 incction with the ways in which they affect human life. 
 
 Problem Study. With the change in the viewpoint has come a great change in method. Instead of 
 striving to teach children to memorize a great mass of facts, we endeavor to interest them and to promote 
 the study by presenting worth-while problems to be solved. This has led to the socialized recitation, in 
 which teachers and students work out the problems together, and to the introduction of the project method 
 of teaching. It is almost impossible to make a project textbook, but the problems given in this book will 
 suggest many projects which can be worked out by students in the classroom and at home. 
 
 The Importance of California Geography. No other state is as varied as California in its geography, 
 and in no other state can so many interesting geographical problems be found. In this book we have 
 tried to interest children, to give them an understanding of California's wonderful resources and their 
 uses, and to provide a basis for comparing California with other areas. 
 
 A great wealth of helpful material is available to the teacher of California geography. Some of the 
 most useful sources of information are the following: 
 
 Bureau of the Census bulletins and reports on agriculture, irrigation, manufacturing, etc. These can be obtained 
 
 from the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 
 Statistical Report of the California Board of Agriculture, Sacramento. 
 Reports of the California Development Association (Ferry Building, San Francisco), particularly " California Resources 
 
 and Possibilities." The Monthly Bulletin of this association is invaluable. Subscription, 50 cents per year. 
 
 The Marshall Plan, California State Irrigation Association, Sacramento. 
 
 United States Weather Bureau reports, Merchants Exchange Building, San Francisco. 
 
 Reports of the State Bureau of Mining (Ferry Building, San Francisco), State Highway Commission, State Board 
 
 of Forestry, State Fish and Game Commission, State Commissioner of Immigration, State Land Settlement 
 
 and Housing Board, and State Harbor Commission. 
 
 Pamphlets issued by the water, gas, and electric companies, and the power companies ; railroad folders ; promotion 
 booklets published by city and county chambers, of commerce ; market reports, shipping news, and weather 
 reports in the daily papers. 
 
 Every class studying California geography should have a good wall map of the state. The State 
 Highway Commission publishes an excellent one. 
 
 Pupils should be encouraged to bring to class newspaper and magazine articles regarding California 
 climate, products, industries, and exports and imports, and other topics of interest to the geography class. 
 
 In addition we recommend the following books as'useful for supplementary work : 
 
 Fisher. Resources and Industries of the United States Keller and Bishop. Commercial and Industrial Geog- 
 
 Allen. Geographical and Industrial Studies : raphy 
 
 United States Fryk-Atwood. New Geography, Books One and Two 
 
 North America Branom. The Teaching of Geography 
 
 Bishop and Keller. Industry and Trade Atwood and Thomas. Teaching the New Geography 
 
 The compilers of this book will gladly answer questions that may arise in connection with its use in 
 any school. They may be addressed in care of Ginn and Company, 20 Second Street, San Francisco. 
 
 THE AUTHORS 
 
 325.1 CurYKIGHT, 1922, BY GINN AND COMPANY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
 
 c. 
 
 TO THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 Geography is easy and interesting if we study it in the right way. It tells us all about the things 
 . that people do and why they do them. It never grows tiresome, because we find that the climate, the 
 occupations, the products, and even the sports and games are different in different regions. 
 
 One of the surest ways to understand how geography affects the lives of people is to study carefully 
 the geography of your own home and state. The surface features, climate, and natural resources of 
 California are more varied than those of any other state in the Union. The more clearly you understand 
 their effect on the life of the people, the better you will understand the geography of the world. 
 
 California is not only a pleasant place in which to live, but it is a state of great opportunities. It is 
 still growing rapidly. New lands must be opened up for cultivation. More industries must be started to 
 take care of the needs of the people who live here, and our trade with other states and with foreign coun- 
 tries must be increased. There will always be interesting work for those of us who live in California. 
 ^The more we know about our state, the better we shall be able to enjoy it and to take advantage of the 
 opportunities it offers. 
 
 Do not try to remember the figures given in this book. They are put here simply to help you solve 
 
 your problems. The figures change from year to year, and even the products in the different regions 
 
 change. Parts of California, for example, that once grew almost nothing but wheat now grow very little 
 
 j wheat, or none at all, but are given over to fruit ranches. The geographic conditions back of all the 
 
 products and occupations, however, remain the same. 
 
 We place this little book in your hands with the hope that its lessons may spur you on to make further 
 search into the possibilities of this, our Golden State. 
 ^ THE AUTHORS 
 
 -
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Where in' the World b California? 5 
 
 6 
 
 Tin Natural Regions "i California 8 
 
 A Bird's-eye View "i California io 
 
 'I'm. Rainfall of California . . 12 
 
 Rainfali Map '>i California .... 13 
 
 The Sunshine State 14 
 
 'I'm Coming of mi: White Man 15 
 
 The Spanish Missions 16 
 
 How Many Californians are there? 18 
 
 Where we live in California 20 
 
 Population Map ok California 21 
 
 Wati r i- Wi u III 22 
 
 V Land of Interest and Variety 25 
 
 The Richest Agricultural Di i mi l sited States are in California 26 
 
 California Fruit is Famous 28 
 
 The Golden Crop of Today 30 
 
 California's Bean Production 32 
 
 California Farm Products listed by < !oi nties 34 
 
 Problems on California Farm Products listed by Counties 35 
 
 Talking in Millions 36 
 
 California raise Much Barley, Hay, and Rice? 38 
 
 California leads in raising Peaches, Pears, Plums, and Prunes 39 
 
 The "Netherlands" of our State 40 
 
 l'i IMWORK in California 41 
 
 Live Stxm k on Farms and Ranges 42 
 
 The Farm Animals <>f California 43 
 
 The Dairy Products of California 44 
 
 ornia's Lumber 46 
 
 How Important are the Minerals of California? 49 
 
 Where are our Minerals found? 50 
 
 Petroleum, our Leading Mineral Product 52 
 
 California the Golden 54 
 
 The "White Coal" of California 55 
 
 I California a Great Manufacturing State? 56 
 
 California leads in canning and preserving Fruits and Vegetables • • 57 
 
 Railroad Trips in California 58 
 
 Motor Trips 60 
 
 The Playground of the Nation 62 
 
 Tin Great Cities of California 65 
 
 San Francisco and the Metropolitan District around San Francisco Bay 66 
 
 Map of the San Francisco Bay Region 67 
 
 Los Angeles, the Largest City in the West 68 
 
 Map of Los Angeles County 69 
 
 School Days in California 70 
 
 Our Ocean and its Trade Routes 72 
 
 The Foreign Trade of California 73 
 
 The Future of California 74 
 
 The I - of California 75 
 
 What I know about my County 76 
 
 A Map of County 77 
 
 Areas, Population, and County Seats of California Counties 78 
 
 Incorporated Places having 2500 or More I'm hie in 1920 79 
 
 Population of California from 1890 to J920 79 
 
 Population and Area of Each State in the United States 80 
 
 Population of the One Hundred Largest Cities in the United States in 1920 -80
 
 THE PUPIL'S WORKBOOK IN THE GEOGRAPHY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 WHERE IN THE WORLD IS CALIFORNIA? 
 
 (Refer to maps of California, of the United States, and of the world) 
 
 1. Only three states of the United States touch the Pacific Ocean. They are 
 
 and j The largest 
 
 of these three states is 1 California may be said to be in the 
 
 La _ — ! part of the United States. It is in the continent of 
 
 and in the zone. 
 
 2. California is , of the equator and is therefore in — latitude. The 
 
 southernmost point of California is about ^ degrees north latitude. On the map on page 7 draw 
 
 •a parallel through this point and place the correct number on it. Use a colored pencil. The parallel of 
 
 degrees north latitude forms the northern boundary of California. Draw this parallel with a 
 
 colored pencil and number it. The parallel of degrees north latitude lies nearest the middle of 
 
 California. On a map of the United States find this parallel and trace it with your finger. All points 
 on this line lie due east from central California. 
 
 3. Since California is west of the prime meridian, it is in 1 longitude. The easternmost 
 
 point of California is about degrees west longitude. Draw a meridian through this point on 
 
 your map and number it. The westernmost point of California (Cape ) is 
 
 about , degrees west longitude. This is also the westernmost point of the United States. Draw 
 
 a meridian through this point on your map and number it. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. On your map find the line that represents the 39th degree of north latitude. Locate the point 
 where this parallel crosses the 120th meridian of west longitude. What lake may be said to be located 
 
 in longitude 1 20 West and latitude 39 North ? Of what use 
 
 are parallels and meridians ? Find the approximate latitude and longitude of the following places : 
 
 Los Angeles San Francisco 
 
 San Diego _ Eureka 
 
 2. On the map on page 7, color the county in which you live. Trace with colored pencil the meridian 
 
 and parallel which pass through or near your county. I live in 
 
 County, about degrees north latitude and about degrees west longitude.
 
 MEASURING CALIFORNIA 
 
 HOW LONG IS CALIFORNIA? 
 
 lifomia lies between the parallels of and north latitude. There- 
 fore it extends through about degrees of latitude. A degree of latitude is about 70 miles ; hence, 
 
 according to this method of measuring, California is about miles long. On the map on the oppo- 
 site page draw a straight line connecting the extreme northwestern point of Del Norte County with the 
 extreme southeastern point of Imperial County and measure the distance between them by using a ruler 
 
 and the scale of miles. In this way you will find that the true length of California is about miles. 
 
 Mark this length on the line you have drawn. Why do you not get the same figures by both methods of 
 measuring ? Look at the state of Arizona. Does the same thing hold true for that state ? 
 
 Traveling by automobile at the rate of 25 miles per hour, it would take about hours to motor 
 
 the length of California. Driving eight hours a day, it would take days and hours to 
 
 make the trip. 
 
 What city in South Carolina is due east of San Diego ? Starting 
 
 from this city and following the Atlantic coast line northward, how many states must you pass through 
 
 before arriving at a point due east of the northern boundary of California ? In what 
 
 state is this point ? 
 
 HOW WIDE IS CALIFORNIA? 
 
 California is widest between Point and the point where the meridian 
 
 of 1 1 7 degrees west longitude crosses the California-Nevada boundary. On your map draw a line con- 
 necting these two points and measure the distance between them. It is miles. Write the distance 
 
 on the line you have drawn. Estimate the distance between Lake Tahoe and San Francisco. It is about 
 miles. Can an automobile make this trip in one day ? 
 
 WHAT IS THE AREA OF CALIFORNIA? 
 
 The average width of California is about 200 miles. I found the length to be miles. By 
 
 these two figures I find the area of California to be square 
 
 miles. Turn to page 80 of this book or to the appendix in any geography and you will find the area in 
 
 square miles of each state. How does your figure compare with that given for California ? 
 
 How does California rank in size with the other states ? 
 
 Add the areas of Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Ohio. 
 Their total area is square miles. How does this area compare with that of California ?
 
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 SCALE OF MILES 
 20 40 60 80 100
 
 THE NATURAL REGIONS OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 We shall find the geography of California far more interesting and much easier to understand if we 
 learn the natural regions into which the state is divided. In each natural region the surface features, 
 climate, and natural resources lead the people to engage in certain occupations. 
 
 A study of the colored map in the front of this book will enable you to answer the following questions : 
 
 1. What arc tin- four mountain regions of California? 
 
 2. In what region is Mt. Whitney ? 
 
 3. What mountain regions do the Tehachapi Mountains con m- it ? 
 
 4. Where is the most extensive valley lowland in California ? 
 
 5. What two river valleys form this great lowland ? 
 
 6. Name six other important valleys in California. 
 
 7. In what part of California is the Volcanic Region ? 
 
 What active volcano is located in this region ? 
 
 8. What parts of California belong to the Great Basin ? 
 
 9. What large city lies in a lowland region of southern California ? 
 
 10. What body of water lies in another lowland of, southern California? 
 
 11. Below is a list of lakes and mountain peaks. After each one write the name of the natural region 
 in which it is located. 
 
 Honey Lake Mt Shasta . 
 
 Lake Tahoe Mt. Hamilton . 
 
 Mono Lake Mt Lyell 
 
 Owens Lake Mt Tyndall . 
 
 Tulare Lake San Bernardino Mt. 
 
 8 R
 
 THE NATURAL REGIONS OF CALIFORNIA (Continued) 
 
 In the space below is a list of the seven major natural regions of California. After the name of each 
 region write the names of the counties that extend into it. Refer to the map in the front of this book. 
 If a county extends into more than one region, write its name after each region of which it has a part. 
 
 The Sierra Nevada 
 
 The Valley of California (Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin Valley) 
 
 The Klamath Mountains 
 
 The Volcanic Region 
 
 The Middle Coast Ranges 
 
 The Southern Coast Ranges 
 
 The Great Basin
 
 A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 1. You will need good warm clothes for this trip, for we are going to travel at the rate of about one 
 hundred miles an hour at an elevation of from 3000 to 8000 feet, lie sure you have your map and a 
 good colored pencil, because you will want to trace your route and enter notes as you dash along. 
 
 2. Embarking at North Island, San Diego, we circle until we get our elevation, then strike due east 
 
 to the River, which forms the boundary between California and 
 
 At this point we turn northwest, passing over the Desert and the 
 
 Desert, both of which lie in the 
 
 region. To our left we can see the valley of the River, a part of the 
 
 great region. Between the 37th and 38th parallels and the 119th 
 
 and 1 20th meridians we pass over the Valley, famous for its wonder- 
 ful and At the junction of the 39th 
 
 parallel and the 120th meridian we drop down to about 2000 feet in order to get a better view of 
 
 beautiful Lake famed the world over for its 
 
 There is a landing field at Alturas in County, where we decide to spend the night. 
 
 An examination of our map shows us that we are in the Region. 
 
 Turning due west the next morning, we pass over County and the 
 
 Mountains, and then fly over , the 
 
 northernmost coast city in the state. At this point we turn southeast and are soon traveling parallel to 
 
 the Ranges. The broad Ocean is to our right 
 
 and the great valley of the River to our left. We pause for a moment to 
 
 replenish our fuel tank near the greatest port in the state, . 
 
 Following the coast line, we fly for hours over the Ranges, turning 
 
 a little more to the east after leaving At Ventura 
 
 we leave the coast and travel inland, and almost immediately find ourselves high above the largest city 
 
 in the West, Just a little over an hour later we are again 
 
 pointing the nose of our ship toward mother earth, and with a swoop we are back at North Island, none 
 the worse for wear, but tired and hungry. 
 
 3. On your map mark out the entire route followed. (Use a colored pencil.) 
 
 4. Estimate the mileage traveled. About miles. 
 
 5. Airplanes are being used by the government to assist in the prevention of forest fires. Name 
 another purpose for which airplanes are used by the government. 
 
 6. Among the government aviation fields are the one at the Presidio in San Francisco, Mather Field 
 near Sacramento, March Field in Riverside County, and North Island at San Diego. Many California 
 cities have provided landing fields for airplanes.
 
 CALIFORNIA
 
 THE RAINFALL OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 The map on the opposite page shows the average annual rainfall throughout the state of California. 
 Study the map carefully, comparing it with the regional map in the front of the book, and answer the 
 questions on this page. 
 
 1. What natural regions have the heaviest rainfall? 
 
 2. What natural region has the least rainfall ? 
 Why ? 
 
 3. What effect have the Klamath Mountains and the Coast Ranges on the rainfall of the state? 
 
 4. What effect has the Sierra Nevada on the rainfall ? 
 
 5. Why is there a dry climate in southern California? 
 
 6. What regions have the densest forests? 
 Why? 
 
 7. Successful agriculture is ordinarily impossible where the average rainfall is less than twenty inches 
 a year. What important regions in California lack the necessary rainfall for agriculture ? 
 
 8. What has made successful farming possible in these regions ? 
 
 9. During what months does the rainy season come ? 
 
 10. During what months is there little or no rainfall throughout most of California ? 
 
 11. What is the average annual rainfall in your region ? inches. What is the total rainfall 
 
 so far this season ? Date ; inches. What was the rainfall up 
 
 to this date last season ? inches. (This information is published daily in most of the California 
 
 newspapers.) 
 
 12. Compare the rainfall map with the population map on page 21. Are the most densely populated 
 regions those with the heaviest or the least rainfall ?
 
 r 3
 
 THE SUNSHINE STATE 
 CALIFORNIA'S GREATEST ASSET IS ITS CLIMATE 
 
 Abundant sunshine is one of the great advantages enjoyed by Californians. California and the other 
 states of the southwest have more sunshine than any other part of North America. In the interior valleys 
 the sun shines every day in summer, and in southern California nearly every day in the year has some 
 sunshine. It has been said that " California owes much of the prosperity of her people and the richness 
 of her agricultural resources to the sunshine she so generously receives at all seasons of the year." The 
 climate varies greatly in the different regions of the state, but in most of them the temperatures are 
 moderate and the weather delightful during a large portion of the year. We do not suffer here from the 
 inconveniences found in places where the climate is severe. Even in the hottest parts of the valleys during 
 midsummer the dry air makes it possible to endure the heat without suffering. In no region do the people 
 suffer from severe cold, for it occurs only on the tops of the highest mountains. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. Give three reasons why so many people come to California to enjoy the climate. 
 
 2. Mow does sunshine help the farmer ? 
 
 3. Why can people live outdoors more in California than they can in New York or Minnesota? 
 
 4. Why is the California climate more healthful than the climate of many other states? 
 
 5. How does the California climate help the grower of raisins, prunes, and other fruits that are to be 
 dried ? 
 
 6. What great business is located in southern California because of the abundant sunshine there ? 
 
 7. Name two regions in California where you would be sure to find the winter weather mild and 
 pleasant. . — 
 
 8. Name two regions in California where you would be sure to find cool, bracing weather in summer. 
 
 14
 
 THE COMING OF THE WHITE MAN 
 
 SOCIALIZED RECITATION 
 
 In the year 1542, just fifty years after the discovery of America, Juan Cabrillo, sailing under the flag 
 of Spain, discovered California. He worked up the coast to a point a little above San Francisco Bay, 
 but failed to discover that wonderful port. It was not until 1579 that California was again visited, — this 
 time by an English seaman, Francis Drake. He had been engaged in robbing Spanish treasure ships 
 bound for Mexico from the Philippines, and had to put in for repairs. He landed at a point now called 
 Drakes Bay and claimed the country for England. 
 
 In 1602, five years before the settlement of Jamestown on the Atlantic coast, California was visited 
 by Sebastian Viscaino, a Spaniard, who was seeking harbors where the merchant ships from the Philippines 
 might rest and hide from pirates. For the next one hundred and fifty years California seems to have 
 been forgotten. 
 
 At last, however, the governor of New Spain decided to send an expedition into California for the 
 purpose of settling it and thereby making it a part of New Spain. In 1769, just six years before the 
 Revolutionary War, Portola, with a little band of followers, reached what is now San Diego. With 
 the expedition was a famous Catholic priest, Father Junipero Serra. This expedition cleared the way for 
 the settling of California and the founding of the missions. 
 
 The next seventy-five years are sometimes referred to as " the romantic days of Spanish California." 
 This was the period of the great ranchos. The people lived a happy, care-free life. Their principal amuse- 
 ments were horse-racing, dancing, and bull-fighting. Even the rodeo, when thousands of cattle were 
 gathered to be separated and branded, was made an occasion for a celebration. 
 
 As early as 1826 there were people from the United States in California, and by 1840 the United 
 States was casting longing eyes toward this wonderful country. In 1846 the United States declared war 
 upon Mexico. In the same year California was captured by United States soldiers under the leadership 
 of John Fremont, and the Stars and Stripes were raised, never to be taken down. 
 
 The real migration from the East to California came with the spreading of the news of the discovery 
 of gold in 1848. Thousands of people left their homes and hurried to the gold fields. Many came by 
 boat around Cape Horn ; others landed on the Isthmus of Panama, traveled overland to the Pacific, and 
 then went by boat to San Francisco. The great mass, however, came overland by wagon, a distance of 
 between two and three thousand miles. 
 
 During the years of 1849 and 1850 over 100,000 people came from other countries. California was 
 admitted to the Union as a state on September 9, 1850. That is why we celebrate September 9 as 
 Admission Day. 
 
 Men soon began to realize that California had greater wealth in her soils and climate than in her 
 mines. Quicker communication with the East was needed. For a while fast overland stages made regular 
 trips between the East and the West, but at best this was a slow and uncertain method of travel. The 
 demand for a railroad was so strong that in 1863 four of California's leading citizens, assisted by the 
 United States government, started to build one. In 1869 the dream was realized, the West and the East 
 were joined with ribbons of steel. With the completion of the railroad dawned a new era for California. 
 
 Dating from the period of the establishment of the missions, California has passed through distinct 
 stages of industrial development. Each stage was marked by the advent of some new industry which 
 overshadowed but did not entirely displace its predecessors. Cattle ranching came first, followed by mining. 
 Next came the days of the great grain ranches. These, in turn, have given way to the comparatively 
 small farms, producing fruit, dairy products, and many other crops. Today trade and commerce, in 
 addition to mining and farming, are leading industries of the state. 
 
 In the last few years large numbers of people from other parts of the country, and especially from the 
 states in the Mississippi Valley, have come to live in California.
 
 THE SPANISH MISSIONS 
 
 Although Spain had claimed the territory of California for more than two hundred years, it was not 
 until 1769 that any attempt was made to colonize this far-western land. Colonists were sent to found towns 
 and to begin the raising of cattle ; priests to establish missions for the purpose of civilizing and Christian- 
 izing the thousands of Indians ; soldiers to protect the proposed missions and towns and to build forts and 
 presidios in order that California might be more easily held for Spain. 
 
 Two towns, or pueblos, were established, — San Jose and Los Angeles. Refer to the map in the 
 front of this book, and on the map opposite indicate the location of each of these towns by means of 
 a circle (O). 
 
 Four forts, or presidios, were established, — San Francisco, Monterey, Santa Barbara, and San Diego. 
 Indicate the location of each presidio by means of a square (□). 
 
 Under the leadership of Father Junipero Serra and his successors twenty-one missions were established, 
 
 occupying the entire coast line from San Diego to Sonoma. On the map opposite indicate the location 
 
 of each mission by a cross (-J-). In the blanks below write the names of the counties in which the missions 
 
 are located. 
 
 Note. The San Carlos Borromeo mission was founded at Monterey, but a year later was moved to Carmcl. The church at 
 Monterey dates back to mission times, but it is not properly called a mission. 
 
 Mission County Mission County 
 
 San Diego de Alcala La Purisima Concepcion 
 
 San Carlos de Borromeo Santa Cruz 
 
 (Carmel) Nuestra Senora de la Soledad 
 
 San Antonio de Padua San Jose 
 
 San Gabriel Arcangel San Juan Bautista 
 
 San Luis Obispo de Tolosa San Miguel 
 
 San Francisco d'Assisi San Fernando Rey de Espana 
 
 San Juan Capistrano San Luis Rey de Francia 
 
 Santa Clara Santa Ynez 
 
 San Buenaventura San Rafael Arcangel 
 
 Santa Barbara San Francisco de Solano 
 
 FOLLOW-UP PROBLEMS 
 1. What was the road called that connected the missions? 
 
 2. How far apart were the missions planned to be ? 
 
 3. What three things did the fathers look for when selecting the site for a mission ? 
 
 4. At the time of the founding of the missions California was inhabited by thousands of Indians. 
 What evidence is there of early Indian occupation in your county? 
 
 16 R
 
 i7
 
 HOW MANY CALIFORNIANS ARE THERE? 
 
 1. In 1900 the population of California was ; in 1910 it was 
 
 ; in 1 9 jo it was The increase from 
 
 1900 to 1910 was , and from 1910 to 1920 it was 
 
 In which period of ten years was the increase greater? From to 
 
 2. California ranked twenty-first in population among the states in 1900, twelfth in 1910, and eighth 
 in 1920. The seven that now have larger populations than California are , 
 
 , and 
 
 All these states except lie east of the Mississippi River. California has the 
 
 largest population of all the states lying west of the Mountains. 
 
 3. On the map on the opposite page mark with a plus sign ( + ) each California county in which 
 the population has increased since 19 10. Mark with a minus sign ( — ) each county that shows a decrease 
 in population since 19 10. How many counties have lost in population since 19 10? 
 
 4. Compare this map with the regional map in the front of this book. In what natural region does 
 
 there seem to be the greatest decrease in population ? 
 
 In what natural regions does the population seem to be increasing most rapidly? 
 
 5. In the spaces below write the names of the four counties in which the population shows the 
 greatest growth since 1910, and opposite each give at least one reason for the increase. 
 
 6. In general, in what direction does the population seem to be shifting in California ? 
 
 7. Give three reasons why California's population is increasing more rapidly than that of other states. 
 
 8. Has your own county gained or lost in population since 1910? 
 Explain briefly why this is so. 
 
 18
 
 115° 
 
 123" 
 
 121° 
 
 >9
 
 WHERE WE LIVE IN CALIFORNIA 
 
 The map on the opposite page shows the distribution of people in California. You will need to study 
 it carefully, comparing it with the regional map in the front of the book and with the rainfall map on 
 page 13, in order to work out the following problems: 
 
 1. In what natural regions of California is the population densest? 
 
 2. What natural regions have the fewest people per square mile? 
 
 3. What valleys of northern California are most densely populated ? 
 
 4. Study the locations of the areas in which the density of population is 40 or more persons per 
 square mile. In general, do these areas lie in regions when' the rainfall is light or where it is heavy ? 
 
 Do these areas contain more lowland country 
 
 or more mountainous country ? 
 
 5. Around what cities do the areas having over 100 persons per square mile center? 
 
 -, and on San Francisco Bay ; 
 
 in the Santa Clara valley ; in the 
 
 Sacramento valley; and in the San Joaquin 
 
 valley; and in southern California. 
 
 6. Give two reasons why the Great Basin and the Volcanic Region have so few people. 
 
 
 7. Why is the population of California so unevenly distributed ? 
 
 
 8. Do the people tend to gather in greatest numbers in the highland or the lowland regions? 
 
 ; in the areas of light 
 
 or heavy rainfall ? 
 
 9. In what natural regions do you think the population likely to increase in the future ? 
 
 10. Sixty-eight per cent of the people of California live in cities. How does the growth of cities affect 
 the development of manufacturing ? .
 
 WATER IS WEALTH 
 
 IRRIGATION WATER IS 11 IK LIFEBLOOD OF THE STATE 
 
 Irrigation means the turning of water from a stream, spring, or well onto the soil for the purpose of 
 promoting plant life. 
 
 The richest soil in California lies in the regions that receive little rainfall. Fortunately, however, many 
 parts of these regions can be irrigated by using the water of streams that rise in the regions of heavy 
 rainfall and snowfall. 
 
 Study the regional map in the front of this book, and the rainfall map on page 13, and in the spaces 
 below write the names of three regions where you would expect to find the farmers depending upon 
 irrigation in order to raise their crops. 
 
 1. 
 2. 
 3- 
 
 with water from 
 with water from 
 with water from 
 
 Following is a list of most of the irrigation districts in California. Many new irrigation districts are 
 being organized. 
 
 Name of Disti 
 
 Alpaugh 
 
 Alta 
 
 Anderson-Cottonwood . 
 Baxter-Creek . . . . 
 Big Rock Creek . . . 
 
 Blackrock 
 
 Browns Valley 
 
 Cardiff 
 
 Carmichael 
 
 Fairoaks 
 
 Happy Valley .... 
 Honey Lake Valley . . 
 
 Imperial 
 
 Jacinto 
 
 La Mesa, Lemon Grove, 
 
 and Spring Valley 
 Lindsay-Strathmore . 
 Little Rock Creek . . 
 Long Valley Creek . 
 
 Madera 
 
 Maxwell 
 
 Modesto 
 
 Mojave River .... 
 
 County 
 
 Tulare . 
 Tulare-Fresno 
 Shasta . . 
 Lassen . . 
 Los Angeles 
 Inyo . . 
 Yuba . . 
 San Diego 
 Sacramento 
 Sacramento 
 Tehama . 
 Lassen . . 
 Imperial . 
 Glenn . . 
 
 San Diego 
 Tulare . . 
 Los Angeles 
 Lassen . 
 Madera 
 Colusa . 
 Stanislaus . 
 San Bernardino 
 
 Area in 
 
 7,576 
 
 130,000 
 
 32,500 
 
 I [,000 
 
 30,000 
 
 1,210 
 
 44,328 
 
 700 
 
 3, "3 
 
 4,000 
 
 18,300 
 
 33.'5° 
 
 576,600 
 
 19,660 
 
 '4,794 
 15,775 
 
 3,000 
 
 34,000 
 
 350.000 
 
 8,000 
 81,183 
 27,665 
 
 \ sMi op District 
 
 Newport Heights 
 Newport Mesa . 
 Oakdale . . . 
 Palmdale . . . 
 Paradise . . . 
 Princeton-CodoraGl 
 Provident . . . 
 Redrock Creek . 
 San Ysidro . . 
 Scott Valley . . 
 Southern Lassen 
 South San Joaquin 
 Stratford . . . 
 Surprise Valley . 
 Terra Bella 
 Tulare .... 
 Turlock . . . 
 Tranquility . 
 Victor Valley 
 Walnut . . . 
 Waterford . . 
 Webster . . . 
 Westside . . . 
 
 County 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Riverside 
 
 San Joaquin-Stanislaus 
 Los Angeles .... 
 
 Butte 
 
 Glenn-Colusa . . . 
 
 Colusa-Glenn 
 
 San Diego .... 
 
 Lassen 
 
 Siskiyou 
 
 Lassen 
 
 San Joaquin .... 
 
 Kings 
 
 Modoc 
 
 Tulare 
 
 Tulare 
 
 Stanislaus- Merced . . 
 
 Fresno 
 
 San Bernardino . . . 
 Los Angeles .... 
 
 Stanislaus 
 
 Madera 
 
 San Joaquin .... 
 
 Am a in 
 Acres 
 
 •,5°3 
 670 
 
 74.146 
 
 4,000 
 
 I 1,200 
 
 18,200 
 20,756 
 
 485 
 3,700 
 
 5,540 
 
 21,500 
 
 71,050 
 
 9,200 
 17,500 
 1 2,000 
 
 39,36c 
 '75,566 
 
 1 1,300 
 
 71,517 
 869 
 
 14,434 
 
 I 5,000 
 
 11,700 
 
 On the map on the opposite page mark with a cross ( X ) each county having one or more irrigation 
 districts. Use a colored pencil. Draw the outline of the national irrigation project at Orland, using the 
 map in the front of this book for reference. 
 
 If you live in an irrigation district, draw its outline on the map and name it. What are the principal 
 irrigated crops in this district?
 
 23
 
 WATER IS WEALTH (Continued) 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. Judging from the map you have made on the foregoing page, what natural region has the greatest 
 number of irrigation districts? Why? 
 
 2. What natural region is the source of most of the streams that are used to irrigate these districts ? 
 
 3. Where is the water obtained for irrigation in the lowlands near Los Angeles ? 
 ; in the Imperial Valley ? 
 
 4. Name the regions where production could be increased if more irrigation water were available. 
 
 5. Where could this water be obtained ? 
 
 6. What is dry farming ? 
 
 7. Name one region in California where dry farming is practiced. 
 
 8. What is the great crop produced in the dry-farming areas ? 
 
 9. What does dry farming tell you about the climate of the regions where it is practiced ? 
 
 THE STORY OF A DROP OF WATER 
 
 Fill in the blanks in the following story, or, better yet, write a story of your own, using this one as a model : 
 
 I am a very busy little drop of water, for my duties are many. I reach the earth in the form of 
 
 or I dash down the mountain canyons with my brothers and sisters, 
 
 to be caught behind great that have been built across my path. These places that have 
 
 been made for us are called I am kept here until the season, 
 
 when a gate is opened and I start on my long journey down a or , to the 
 
 lands below. Here I am taken out of the and put in smaller 
 
 that lead to thousands of I do not regret my long, rough ride when 
 
 I see what joy I bring to that depend entirely upon irrigation. 
 
 24 B
 
 A LAND OF INTEREST AND VARIETY 
 
 1. California has often been called a state of contrasts, because of the striking contrasts found in its 
 geographical features. 
 
 2. Within the state is the highest point of land in the United States. This is 
 
 in County. Its altitude is feet. 
 
 Not far from this great mountain is _, the lowest area in the 
 
 United States. In places this valley is thought to be more than 400 feet below sea level. Another area, 
 
 larger than the state of Rhode Island, is also below sea level. This is the 
 
 Still another large area in the state is more than a mile above sea level. 
 
 This is the 
 
 3. The only active volcano in the United States is in California. This is 
 in County. 
 
 4. The climate in most parts of the state is mild and pleasant throughout the year, but it too pre- 
 sents many contrasts. Some regions have very heavy rainfall. They are 
 
 One region has almost no rain. 
 
 This is the The highest temperature in the United 
 
 States occurs every summer in one of the regions of California. What region do you think this is? 
 Although California does not have the lowest tempera- 
 tures in the United States, it has one region in which the winters are very cold, with very heavy falls of 
 snow. This is the region. 
 
 5. In some parts of California there are great forests, but there are other regions with little or no 
 
 timber. The heavily forested regions are 
 
 The regions that have little or no timber are 
 
 the oldest living things in the world. Name three areas where they grow. 
 
 -. The big trees of California are 
 
 6. The agricultural regions of California produce every crop grown elsewhere in the United States, 
 but California produces some crops that are grown in no other state. Some of these special crops are 
 
 7. California has about miles of seacoast on the Ocean, 
 
 but very few good harbors. One of these harbors, however, is among the finest and largest in the world. This 
 is Why are there so few good harbors ? 
 
 25
 
 THE RICHEST AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS IN THE UNITED STATES 
 
 ARE IN CALIFORNIA 
 
 Below is the list of the fourteen leading agricultural counties of the United States in order of rank. 
 The figures arc based <>n reports of a recent year. 
 
 
 V.u db of Crops 
 
 Princip w. Products 
 
 Los Am iifornia 
 
 161,366,608 
 
 52,541.205 
 51,861,252 
 
 37,956,866 
 
 32-458.658 
 
 32.191,536 
 30.S24.407 
 
 30.547341 
 26,938,0 iS 
 
 26,517,455 
 '1 165,231 
 
 24.054.416 
 23.800,535 
 23,792,684 
 
 Oranges, lemons, hay and forage, walnuts 
 
 Potatoes, hay and forage, oats, dairy products 
 
 Grapes, peaches, hay and forage, dairy products 
 
 Potati ies, barley, hay and foi 
 
 Tobacco, corn, hay and forage, wheat 
 
 Apples, hay and forage, potatoes, peaches 
 
 Wheat, hay and forage, oats, barley 
 
 Grapes, oranges, hay and forage, dairy products 
 
 Corn, oats, wheat, hay and forage 
 
 Oranges, lemons, grapes, hay and forage 
 
 Oranges, walnuts, lemons, sugar tx 
 
 Cotton, hay and forage, dairy products, wheat 
 
 Corn, oats, wheat, hay and forage 
 
 Plums, prunes, apricots, hay, forage, dairy products 
 
 
 San Joaquin, California 
 
 tcr, Pennsylvania 
 
 Yakima, Washington 
 
 Whitman. Washington 
 
 
 Orange, California 
 
 Maricopa, Arizona 
 
 Santa Clara, California 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. How many of these counties are in California? 
 
 and 
 
 2. What other states have more than one county listed here ? 
 
 3. Judging by this list, what are the most valuable farm products of California ? 
 
 4. On the map opposite, color the California counties that are included in this list. Place in each 
 county the figure that indicates its rank among the fourteen leading agricultural counties. 
 
 5. What products of these California counties are shipped to Eastern states ? 
 
 6. What products of these counties are consumed in California ? 
 
 7. Give two reasons why half of the fourteen most productive counties of the United States are located 
 in California. _ 
 
 26
 
 27
 
 CALIFORNIA FRUIT IS FAMOUS 
 
 The following table gives the value of the commercial orchard crops of California for a recent year. 
 After each crop you will find the names of the five counties that are leaders in its production. On the 
 map on the opposite page write the name of each crop in the five counties which lead in its production. 
 Use the abbreviations given for the names of the crops. 
 
 COMMERCIAL ORCHARD CROPS 
 
 Crop 
 
 Ahhreviation 
 
 Counties 
 
 Value of Crop 
 
 Apples 
 
 Apricots 
 
 Cherries 
 
 Figs 
 
 Grapefruit 
 
 Grapes 
 
 Table 
 
 Wine 
 
 Lemons 
 
 Olives 
 
 Oranges 
 
 Peaches 
 
 Pears 
 
 Plums 
 
 Walnuts 
 
 Al 
 
 App 
 
 Apr 
 
 Ch 
 
 Fi 
 
 Gf 
 
 RG 
 
 TG 
 
 W G 
 
 Le 
 
 01 
 
 Or 
 
 Pe 
 
 Ps 
 
 PI 
 
 Pr 
 
 Wa 
 
 Stanislaus, Butte, Yolo, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo 
 Santa Cruz, Sonoma, Riverside, San Bernardino, Napa 
 Santa Clara, Riverside, Ventura, Solano, Alameda 
 Santa Clara, San Joaquin, Solano, Alameda, Napa 
 Fresno, Tulare, Merced, San Bernardino. Stanislaus 
 San Bernardino, Tulare, Riverside, Los Angeles, Imperial 
 
 Fresno, Tulare, Kings, Sutter, Madera 
 San Joaquin, Fresno. Sacramento, Tulare, Placer 
 Fresno, Napa, Sonoma, San Bernardino, San Joaquin 
 Ventura, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Los Angeles 
 Placer, Butte, Riverside, Tulare, Tehama 
 San Bernardino, Tulare, Riverside, Orange, Los Angeles 
 Fresno, Placer, Tehama, Merced, Solano 
 Solano, Santa Clara, Placer, Sacramento, Eldorado 
 Placer, Solano, San Joaquin, Napa, Sacramento 
 Santa Clara, Napa, Solano, Sonoma, Tulare 
 Orange, Ventura, Los Angeles, San Joaquin, Santa Barbara 
 
 Total .... 
 
 S 1 ,980,000 
 
 9,605,000 
 
 9,775,000 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 900,000 
 
 984,000 
 
 55,800,000 
 1 2,000,000 
 24,700,000 
 
 2,700,000 
 
 800,000 
 
 51,425,000 
 
 26,220,000 
 
 8,100,000 
 
 3,150,000 
 1 9,000,000 
 
 8,600,000 
 
 
 ^238,739,000 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. The two most important California fruits are 
 
 2. In what natural regions are they grown ? 
 
 and 
 
 3. Using the map you have made, name ten counties that are among the leaders in the production 
 of four or more of the commercial orchard crops. 
 
 4. My county is one of the leaders in the production of 
 
 28
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 29
 
 THE GOLDEN CROP OF TODAY 
 
 PRODU< HON OF ORANGES IN CALIFORNIA 
 
 Boxes Hai 
 ,-. , Rhc. 
 
 Coin i \ 
 
 Boxes 11 tRVBsn d 
 in a Kecext Year 
 
 County 
 
 Boxes \\w\ estbd 
 :n \ Recent Year 
 
 Alameda .... 
 
 1,025 
 
 Marin 
 
 28 
 
 San Mateo . . . 
 
 
 Alpine . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mariposa . 
 
 
 
 1 .409 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 
 
 6,8 it 
 
 Amador 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mendocino . 
 
 
 
 
 Santa c lara . 
 
 
 
 5,862 
 
 Butte . . 
 
 
 
 
 ■03.444 
 
 Merced . . 
 
 
 
 5-737 
 
 Santa Cruz 
 
 
 
 
 633 
 
 Calaveras . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Modoc . . 
 
 
 
 
 Shasta. . 
 
 
 
 
 142 
 
 Colusa . 
 
 
 
 
 7. '3* 
 
 Mono . 
 
 
 
 
 Sierra . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Contra Costa 
 
 
 
 
 270 
 
 Monterey 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 Siskiyou . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Del Norte . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Napa . . . 
 
 
 
 580 
 
 Solano 
 
 
 
 
 3,636 
 
 Eldorado . 
 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 Nevada 
 
 
 
 410 
 
 Sonoma . 
 
 
 
 
 4,087 
 
 Fresno . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 ii.inge 
 
 
 
 3,486,304 
 
 Stanislaus 
 
 
 
 
 '7,3°' 
 
 Glenn . . 
 
 
 
 
 4-941 
 
 Placer . 
 
 
 
 10,847 
 
 Sutter . . 
 
 
 
 
 8,023 
 
 Humboldt . 
 
 
 
 
 
 l'lumas 
 
 
 
 
 Tehama . 
 
 
 
 
 5,801 
 
 Imperial 
 
 
 
 
 1.719 
 
 Riverside . 
 
 
 
 1,494,602 
 
 Trinity 
 
 
 
 
 
 Inyo 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sacramento . 
 
 
 
 80,019 
 
 Tulare 
 
 
 
 
 2,107,974 
 
 Kern 
 
 
 
 
 22,834 
 
 San ISenito 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 Tuolumne 
 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 Kings 
 
 
 
 
 133 
 
 San Bernardino 
 
 
 
 5,102,958 
 
 Ventura . 
 
 
 
 
 505.038 
 
 Lake 
 
 
 
 
 '3 
 
 San Diego 
 
 
 
 222,808 
 
 Yolo . . 
 
 
 
 
 1,596 
 
 Lassen . . 
 
 
 
 
 8,240,673 
 
 San Francisco 
 San Joaquin . 
 
 
 
 3.528 
 
 Yuba . . 
 
 
 
 
 [,807 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 
 Total for slate 
 
 21,628,444 
 
 Madera . 
 
 
 
 410 
 
 San Luis Obispo 
 
 
 566 
 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. Name the five counties that produce the greatest number of boxes of oranges. 
 
 2. Write below the names of the counties north of the Tehachapi that produced 5000 or more 
 boxes of oranges in the year for which the figures are given. 
 
 3. What is the northernmost county producing more than 100,000 boxes of oranges? 
 
 4. What natural regions lead in the production of oranges? 
 
 5. What can you say of the climate in the regions where oranges are grown ? 
 
 3°
 
 THE GOLDEN CROP OF TODAY (Continued) 
 
 6. How has the development of irrigation projects affected the orange-growing in California ? 
 
 7. List the irrigation districts that supply water in the counties where more than 100,000 boxes of 
 oranges were produced in the year for which the figures on the opposite page are given. (Refer to page 22.) 
 
 8. In the same year the state of Florida produced 8,500,000 boxes of oranges. How many more 
 
 boxes of oranges were produced in California than in Florida ? At 
 
 $2. 20 per box, what was the value of the Florida crop ? At $2. 75 per 
 
 box, what was the value of the California crop ? How much greater 
 
 was the value of the California crop than the value of the Florida crop ? 
 
 9. Visit your grocer and examine the orange boxes in his store. How are the oranges packed ? 
 
 Where were they packed ? (The name and location of the packing house will be found on the box label.) 
 
 10. What great association packs and sells a large part of the oranges grown in California ? 
 
 11. Oranges are called citrus fruit. What other citrus fruits are grown in California ? 
 
 12. Look in the magazines in your home for advertisements of oranges and other California fruits. 
 Cut out all you can from old copies and bring them to school. 
 
 * 31
 
 CALIFORNIA'S BEAN PRODUCTION 
 
 (Hased on figures of a recent year) 
 
 I NTY 
 
 Alameda . . . 
 Butte .... 
 
 Colusa . . 
 
 Contra Costa . 
 Eldorado 
 
 Fresno . . . 
 Glenn 
 Humboldt 
 
 Inyo . . . . 
 
 Kern .... 
 Kings 
 
 Lake . . . . 
 
 Lassen . . 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Madera . . . 
 
 Mendocino . . 
 
 Merced . . . 
 
 Modoc . . . 
 
 Monterey . . 
 Napa .... 
 Nevada . 
 
 Orange . . . 
 
 l'lacer . . . 
 
 \ 
 
 300 
 1,000 
 1,000 
 500 
 200 
 100 
 100 
 
 40,000 
 500 
 100 
 3,000 
 100 
 8,000 
 300 
 too 
 
 30,000 
 300 
 
 Prodi 
 ioo-lb> v K> 
 
 1,800 
 6,000 
 6,000 
 3,000 
 1,200 
 360 
 720 
 
 360 
 
 252,000 
 
 2,IOO 
 
 4S0 
 
 I2,6oo 
 
 700 
 
 48, 1 1 
 
 1,800 
 
 600 
 
 1 80,000 
 
 2 1 , 1 OO 
 
 \ in 1 
 
 fg.OOO 
 
 30,000 
 
 2S.000 
 
 17,500 
 
 600 
 
 I,8oo 
 
 3,600 
 
 1,800 
 
 1,386,000 
 
 11.375 
 
 3,200 
 
 63,000 
 
 4,200 
 
 224,000 
 
 8,500 
 
 5.000 
 
 1 , 1 40,000 
 
 7,800 
 
 County 
 
 Riverside . . 
 Sacramento . 
 
 San Benito 
 
 s.in Bernardino 
 
 San Diego 
 San Joaquin . 
 San Luis Obispo 
 San Mateo 
 Santa Barbara 
 Santa Clara . 
 Santa Cruz 
 Shasta . 
 Siskiyou 
 Solano . 
 Sonoma 
 Stanislaus 
 Sutter . 
 Tehama 
 Tulare . 
 Ventura 
 Yolo . 
 Yuba . 
 Totals 
 
 V lil \..i 
 
 3.500 
 
 8,000 
 
 1,200 
 12,500 
 20,000 
 10,000 
 
 41,000 
 100 
 
 200 
 IOO 
 
 2,000 
 
 1 8,ooo 
 
 4,000 
 
 200 
 
 500 
 
 70,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 3.000 
 
 287,900 
 
 Production 
 ioo-lb. Sacks 
 
 14,700 
 43.200 
 
 5,100 
 
 52,500 
 
 108,000 
 
 42,000 
 
 221,400 
 600 
 
 1,440 
 
 600 
 
 107,200 
 
 28,800 
 
 1,200 
 
 2,100 
 
 504,000 
 
 48,000 
 
 1 8,000 
 
 1,730,660 
 
 \ Al II 
 
 $75,900 
 I 80,000 
 
 25,500 
 
 3 '3-700 
 486,000 
 1 68,000 
 
 922,500 
 3.500 
 
 5,200 
 350 
 
 62,000 
 
 502,200 
 
 1 20,000 
 
 600 
 
 8,750 
 
 3,150,000 
 
 252,000 
 
 1 20,000 
 
 $9,269,325 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. Make a map on the opposite page which will show the production of beans by counties. Shade the 
 counties according to the following scheme : 
 
 Counties producing 25,000 sacks or more 
 Counties producing from 10,000 to 25,000 sacks 
 
 Counties producing from 1,000 to 10,000 sacks 
 Counties producing less than 1 ,000 sacks 
 
 2. What natural regions seem best adapted to the growing of beans ? 
 
 3. The four counties that lead in bean production are 
 
 4. Give as many reasons as you can why beans are grown most successfully in these counties. 
 
 32
 
 33
 
 CALIFORNIA FARM PRODUCTS LISTED BY COUNTIES 
 
 
 Alameda . . . 
 
 Alpine . . . . 
 Amador . . , 
 Butte 
 
 Calaveras . , 
 
 Colusa . . . . 
 
 Contra Costa 
 
 Del Norte . 
 Eldorado . . 
 
 Fresno 
 
 Glenn . . . 
 Humboldt . 
 Imperial . . 
 
 Inyo .... 
 Kern .... 
 
 Kings . . . 
 
 Lake .... 
 Lassen . . . 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Madera 
 Marin 
 
 Mariposa . . 
 Mendocino. 
 
 Merced . . 
 
 Modoc . . 
 
 Mono . . 
 Monterey 
 
 Napa . . . 
 Nevada 
 Orange . . 
 
 Placer . , 
 
 
 Hay (allali g, vegetables, 
 
 beets, pea! lies, apricots, prunes, grapes, 
 
 wheat, barley 
 Hay, apples, cattle [grapes 
 
 i tats, wheat, barley, hay, peaches, prunes. 
 Wheat, barky, rice, hay i.ilfalt 
 
 prunes, oranges, almonds, sheep 
 Cattle, sheep, oats, wheat, barley, hay, 
 
 apples, peaches, prunes 
 Sheep, wheat, barley, rice, lemons, grapes, 
 
 almonds, hay 
 
 Poultry, bees, wheat, barley, potatoes, hay, 
 
 pears, prunes, and other orchard fruits, 
 
 almonds, walnuts 
 Live stock, oats, potato pples 
 
 Live stock, oats, potatoes, hay, apples, 
 
 peaches, pears 
 
 tock, honey, wheat, barley, kafir corn, 
 
 alfalfa and other hay, cotton, figs, lemons, 
 
 oranges, apricots, peaches, prunes, plums, 
 
 grapes 
 Live s'.oc';, wheat, barley, bay, rice, peaches, 
 
 prunes, oranges, almonds 
 Live stock, oats, barley, potatoes, berries, 
 
 hay. apples, walnuts 
 Live stock, berries, hay, corn, kafir corn, 
 
 cotton, grapes, grapefruit, oranges, figs, 
 
 cantaloupes 
 Alfalfa, cattle, sheep 
 Live stock, alfalfa, peaches, apricots, olives, 
 
 oranges, rice, cotton, grapes 
 Raisin grapes, peaches, apricots, prunes, 
 
 alfalfa and other hay, live stock, wheat, 
 
 barley 
 Pears, prunes, almonds, beans, live stock, bay 
 Live stock, hay, apples 
 Live stock, poultry, honey, barley, beans, po- 
 tatoes, hay, vegetables, apricots, peaches, 
 
 pears, prunes, lemons, oranges, grapes, 
 
 walnuts 
 Live stock, hay, grapes, figs, olives, cotton, 
 
 peaches, wheat, barley 
 Dairy cattle and other live stock, poultry, 
 
 oats, potatoes, hay, grapes 
 Live stock, barley, hay, apples 
 Live stock, hops, pears, grapes, prunes, hay, 
 
 barley, wheat 
 Live stock, sweet potatoes, figs, grapes, 
 
 peaches, almonds, vegetables, poultry, 
 
 wheat, barley, hay [live stock 
 
 Wheat, barley, apples, vegetables, hay, 
 Live stock, hay 
 
 Sugar beets, barley, prunes, apricots, cher- 
 ries, almonds, berries, live stock, wheat, 
 
 barley, hay, beans, apples 
 Prunes, pears, grapes, live stock, hay, apples 
 Live stock, pears, prunes, potatoes, apples, hay 
 Oranges, olives, grapes, lima beans, sugar 
 
 beets, lemons, walnuts 
 Peaches,olives,plums, pears, cherries, berries, 
 
 grapes, live stock, hay, oats, wheat, oranges 
 
 
 Plumas . . 
 Riverside . 
 
 Sacramento . 
 
 San Benito . . 
 San Bernardino 
 
 San Diego . . 
 
 San Francisco 
 San Joaquin . 
 
 San Luis Obispo 
 
 San Mateo . . 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 Santa Clara 
 
 Santa Cruz 
 
 Shasta . . 
 
 Sierra . . . 
 Siskiyou . 
 Solano . . 
 
 Sonoma . . 
 
 Stanislaus 
 
 Sutter. . . 
 
 Tehama . . 
 
 Trinity . . 
 Tulare . . 
 
 Tuolumne 
 Wntura . 
 
 Yolo 
 
 Yuba 
 
 .i.ls 
 
 Lave stock, hay 
 
 Oranges, lemons, dates, barley, hay, cotton, 
 
 grapes, sugar beets, apples, apricots, 
 
 peaches, almonds, walnuts 
 Pears, asparagus and other vegetables, grapes, 
 
 peaches, prunes, plums, almonds, olives, 
 
 hay, beans, corn, seeds, wheat, barley, 
 
 live stock, berries, oranges 
 Live stock, hay, apricots, prunes, grapes 
 Barley, kafir corn, hay, sugar beets, pota- 
 toes, apples, apricots, peaches, lemons, 
 
 oranges, grapes, walnuts 
 Live stock, barley, beans, hay, apples, 
 
 peaches, lemons, oranges, grapes, walnuts, 
 
 almonds 
 City with only a few vegetable gardens and 
 
 dairy farms 
 Live stock, corn, wheat, barley, potatoes, 
 
 hay, vegetables, peaches, prunes, grapes, 
 
 almonds, beans, sugar b 
 Live stock, hay, wheat, barley, pears, apples, 
 
 peaches, prunes, grapes, almonds 
 1 lay, live stock, prunes, vegetables, artichokes 
 Beans, su^ar beets, potatoes, onions, barley, 
 
 hay, avocados, cherimoyas, live stock, 
 
 apples, apricots, lemons, grapes, walnuts 
 Prunes, live stock, hay, barley, vegetables, 
 
 berries, apricots, peaches, pears, grapes, 
 
 almonds, walnuts, cherries 
 Live stock, poultry, potatoes, hay, apples, 
 
 apricots, prunes, grapes 
 Live stock, hay, wheat, apples, peaches, 
 
 prunes, grapes, almonds 
 Cattle, sheep, hay, potatoes 
 Live stock, hay, wheat, potatoes, apples 
 Livestock, poultrv, hav, win beans, 
 
 potatoes, apricots, peaches, pears, prunes, 
 
 grapes, almonds, cherries 
 Live stock, poultry, oats, potatoes, hay, apples, 
 
 peaches, pears, prunes, walnuts 
 Live stock, hay, barley, oats, wheat, peaches, 
 
 apricots, figs, grapes, almonds, olives 
 Live stock, beans, grapes, peaches, wheat, 
 
 barley, rice, prunes, almonds, hay 
 Olives, hay, live stock, honey, poultry, wheat, 
 
 barley, peaches, prunes, apples, almonds 
 Live stock, wheat, barley, potatoes, hay, apples 
 Wheat, barley, hay, beans, kafir corn and 
 
 milo maize, peaches, prunes, pears, apri- 
 cots, olives, figs, plums, almonds, walnuts, 
 
 grapes, oranges, lemons, berries, live stock, 
 
 poultry, avocados 
 Live stock, hay, potatoes, apples 
 Sugar beets, hay, live stock, beans, apricots, 
 
 barley, prunes, lemons, oranges, grapes, 
 
 walnuts 
 Live stock, wheat, barley, beans, rice, hay, 
 
 vegetables, apricots, peaches, pears, 
 
 prunes, grapes, almonds 
 Live stock, wheat, rice, barley, hay, peaches, 
 
 grapes, almonds, pears 
 
 31
 
 PROBLEMS ON CALIFORNIA FARM PRODUCTS LISTED BY COUNTIES 
 
 (Refer to the table on the opposite page) 
 1. Name the products that are found in nearly every county. 
 
 2. Name some farm products of your own county that are not given in this table. 
 
 3. In what counties are sugar beets grown ? 
 
 In a recent year California produced 666,900 tons of sugar beets, with a value of $8,669,258. How 
 
 much was this per ton ? The sugar-beet factories are located as near as possible to 
 
 the districts where the beets are grown. Why is this so? . 
 
 4. Name the counties in which rice is an important product. 
 
 Is rice culture a new or an old industry in California ? Name at least two essentials 
 
 for the successful production of rice. . , 
 
 5. In what counties is cotton raised ? 
 
 In a recent year California produced 46,418 bales of cotton at a value of $9,237,182. How much is this 
 
 per bale ? Short-staple cotton is most commonly raised, as less care is required in 
 
 producing a crop, but in recent years the Egyptian long-staple cotton has been experimented with and 
 successfully grown in some parts of California. This cotton is in great demand and brings a higher price 
 than the short-staple varieties. 
 
 6. In what county are dates produced ? 
 
 7. In how many counties are walnuts one of the important crops ? In a recent year 
 
 the state produced 19,977 tons of walnuts. How many pounds is this ? 
 
 8. In what counties are hops an important product ? 
 
 9. California produces nearly every farm product grown in any other part of the United States. Why 
 is this possible ? 
 
 35
 
 TALKING IN MILLIONS 
 
 VALUE OF ALL CALIFORNIA CROPS BY COUNTIES IN A RECENT YEAR 
 
 County 
 
 Cereals 
 
 (H III KG rains 
 and Seeds 
 
 Hay 
 
 ■, in 1 9 
 
 Fruits and 
 
 All Other 
 Crofs 
 
 Totals 
 
 Alameda .... 
 
 $1,482,574 
 
 *'9-579 
 
 51,161 
 
 1,982 
 
 '65,805 
 
 $331,828 
 
 $8,632,929 
 
 Alpine 
 
 
 
 
 
 12,016 
 
 
 60 
 
 3,566 
 
 7,356 
 
 
 83,742 
 
 Amador . 
 
 
 
 
 
 145,706 
 
 818 
 
 25.; 
 
 36,417 
 
 246,022 
 
 
 682,186 
 
 Butte . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 j, 198 
 
 l54-38o 
 
 I..V 
 
 96,221 
 
 2,832,671 
 
 301,766 
 
 11,582,730 
 
 Calaveras 
 
 
 
 
 
 73i543 
 
 2,195 
 
 282,121 
 
 83,9' 7 
 
 1 5 1 ,668 
 
 166 
 
 593,6io 
 
 Colusa 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1,024,649 
 
 84. 
 
 7) -.304 
 
 43-9'9 
 
 1,311,903 
 
 33,02 1 
 
 1 ^240,785 
 
 Contra Cost, 
 
 l 
 
 
 
 
 2,345.587 
 
 439,702 
 
 2,356.785 
 
 3.3".935 
 
 [,587,962 
 
 2,900 
 
 10,044,871 
 
 Del Norte 
 
 
 
 
 
 M.207 
 
 240 
 
 293.423 
 
 39,575 
 
 10,910 
 
 
 358,355 
 
 Eldorado 
 
 
 
 
 
 263 
 
 94 
 
 1 '.025 
 
 86,012 
 
 508,689 
 
 
 867,083 
 
 Fresno 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,267,323 
 
 44,253 
 
 6,702,870 
 
 1 66, 1 00 
 
 42,2* 
 
 393.423 
 
 51,861,252 
 
 Glenn 
 
 
 
 
 
 9.°53.7'7 
 
 3,020 
 
 1,41 0,089 
 
 -4.143 
 
 479.5S3 
 
 461 
 
 ",571,013 
 
 Humboldt 
 
 
 
 
 
 158,781 
 
 3',74- 
 
 2,506 
 
 517,606 
 
 306,628 
 
 85,292 
 
 4,082,555 
 
 Imperial 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.903.233 
 
 65,017 
 
 2,562,696 
 
 3,541,078 
 
 123,078 
 
 6,005,632 
 
 17.200,734 
 
 Inyo . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 300,901 
 
 6,893 
 
 1,071,284 
 
 67,692 
 
 55.898 
 
 527 
 
 ',503, '95 
 
 Kern . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 2-542,033 
 
 16,558 
 
 2, ',10,781 
 
 ;<)7-377 
 
 424.745 
 
 193.927 
 
 6,085,421 
 
 Kings 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,797,094 
 
 5,784 
 
 2,032.372 
 
 ''3.532 
 
 5,957,274 
 
 84,313 
 
 11,940,369 
 
 Lake . 
 
 
 
 
 
 334,012 
 
 59,578 
 
 475,426 
 
 53,778 
 
 662,977 
 
 33,657 
 
 1,619,428 
 
 Lassen . 
 
 
 
 
 
 373.275 
 
 65,063 
 
 ',5'3.'77 
 
 98,242 
 
 55.177 
 
 
 2,104,934 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 
 
 
 
 855,659 
 
 2,586,128 
 
 ■ 444 
 
 7,904,309 
 
 42.1 17.820 
 
 2,282.248 
 
 61,366,608 
 
 Madera . 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,256,056 
 
 12,140 
 
 1,1 70,076 
 
 6l,745 
 
 1 .1115,010 
 
 2.<)l 1 
 
 4,697,938 
 
 Marin 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 00,48 1 
 
 5,462 
 
 77" 
 
 460,940 
 
 76,344 
 
 37-570 
 
 '■452,334 
 
 Mariposa 
 
 
 
 
 
 43,' 78 
 
 169 
 
 119,719 
 
 37,464 
 
 59>505 
 
 29 
 
 260,064 
 
 Mendocino 
 
 
 
 
 
 469.947 
 
 5,030 
 
 I,II4,«75 
 
 281, 
 
 1,369,706 
 
 884,093 
 
 4,1 24,824 
 
 Merced . 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,940, 198 
 
 217,185 
 
 5,865,441 
 
 935,002 
 
 2,325,357 
 
 5.73' 
 
 13.288,914 
 
 Modoc . 
 
 
 
 
 
 301,638 
 
 '",334 
 
 1,983,625 
 
 103,1 
 
 64,321 
 
 
 2,564,9°' 
 
 Mono 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,523 
 
 42 
 
 '63,536 
 
 45,385 
 
 3,200 
 
 
 219,686 
 
 Monterey 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,408,1 14 
 
 '.224,759 
 
 2.389,755 
 
 575,175 
 
 1,158,199 
 
 7,268 
 
 9-593,270 
 
 Napa . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 560,923 
 
 785 
 
 779,394 
 
 82,182 
 
 3,299,379 
 
 
 4,722,663 
 
 la . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1,661 
 
 320 
 
 163,576 
 
 6i,333 
 
 [62,496 
 
 75 
 
 399,461 
 
 Orange . 
 
 
 
 
 
 3'9,878 
 
 2,335.9°' 
 
 874,429 
 
 1.473,097 
 
 17,995,347 
 
 1,466,579 
 
 24,465,231 
 
 Placer 
 
 
 
 
 
 681,1 24 
 
 338 
 
 2'. I.788 
 
 49-538 
 
 4,075,216 
 
 12,789 
 
 5,080,793 
 
 Plumas . 
 
 
 
 
 
 62,136 
 
 
 475.322 
 
 20,033 
 
 5,237 
 
 
 562,728 
 
 Riverside 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,556,241 
 
 261,148 
 
 2.5S3,202 
 
 838,194 
 
 9,689,920 
 
 4,003,744 
 
 [8,932,449 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,285,385 
 
 3,°97,539 
 
 '8,778 
 
 3,22s, 680 
 
 6,346,873 
 
 1,908,603 
 
 19,845,858 
 
 San Benito 
 
 
 
 
 
 472,112 
 
 1,322.442 
 
 1.050,191 
 
 104,613 
 
 1,151,025 
 
 15,288 
 
 4,115,671 
 
 San Bernardino 
 
 
 
 
 605,190 
 
 93,307 
 
 1 15,296 
 
 45 ' 
 
 23,429,055 
 
 121,889 
 
 26,5'7.455 
 
 San Diego . 
 
 
 
 
 795,348 
 
 570,914 
 
 1,639,621 
 
 701. 
 
 4,065.'.! 1 
 
 50,686 
 
 7,829,041 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4; 
 
 150,639 
 
 
 
 1 5 
 
 San Joaquin 
 
 
 
 
 10,748,208 
 
 3,067,428 
 
 4.497,"7 
 
 9,989,852 
 
 9-432,595 
 
 221,666 
 
 37,956,866 
 
 San Luis Obisp 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 2,991,194 
 
 1.925,401 
 
 1 ,959,807 
 
 209,177 
 
 571,287 
 
 414,947 
 
 8,071,813 
 
 San Mateo . 
 
 
 
 
 176,050 
 
 215,349 
 
 55- 
 
 I,453»634 
 
 45,19' 
 
 2,320 
 
 2,445,026 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 
 
 
 584,572 
 
 6,004,922 
 
 i.335,'So 
 
 335.371 
 
 2,293,23s 
 
 713,362 
 
 1 1,266,645 
 
 Santa Clara . 
 
 
 
 
 264,707 
 
 673,551 
 
 1,871,097 
 
 1.455.863 
 
 19,513,693 
 
 13.773 
 
 23,792,684 
 
 Santa Cruz 
 
 
 
 
 
 '28,531 
 
 134,096 
 
 399.40 ' 
 
 322,666 
 
 5,654,942 
 
 67,288 
 
 6,706,924 
 
 Shasta 
 
 
 
 
 
 376,853 
 
 6,391 
 
 973,093 
 
 104,398 
 
 467.347 
 
 17 
 
 1,928,099 
 
 Sierra 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,943 
 
 9 
 
 286.623 
 
 16,054 
 
 5-027 
 
 
 3M.656 
 
 Siskiyou . 
 
 
 
 
 
 724,849 
 
 26,825 
 
 2,086,118 
 
 208,953 
 
 90,010 
 
 20 
 
 3.'36,775 
 
 Solano . 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,992,953 
 
 722,381 
 
 i,5': 
 
 754,009 
 
 4.244,60s 
 
 1 5,000 
 
 11,246,439 
 
 Sonoma . 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 '9,743 
 
 10,216 
 
 2,435,54o 
 
 2.294.990 
 
 10,029,335 
 
 2,187,546 
 
 17.477,370 
 
 Stanislaus 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,368,193 
 
 1,308,311 
 
 5,454,448 
 
 1,468,143 
 
 3,522,936 
 
 18,383 
 
 17,140,414 
 
 Sutter . 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,363,202 
 
 1,449,601 
 
 900,514 
 
 54.710 
 
 4,781,698 
 
 90,408 
 
 ",640,133 
 
 Tehama . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,252,073 
 
 39,873 
 
 1, '35, 254 
 
 62,500 
 
 1,084,337 
 
 5,268 
 
 3.579.305 
 
 Trinity . 
 
 
 
 
 
 28,432 
 
 4,369 
 
 226,159 
 
 59-983 
 
 36,615 
 
 
 355.558 
 
 Tulare 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,335,24o 
 
 30,460 
 
 7,598,204 
 
 139. 8 7I 
 
 19,416,780 
 
 26,786 
 
 30,547.341 
 
 Tuolumne 
 
 
 
 
 
 6i,473 
 
 592 
 
 124,626 
 
 104,739 
 
 137,691 
 
 
 429,121 
 
 Ventura . 
 
 
 
 
 
 '63,954 
 
 7,932,756 
 
 823,050 
 
 93,008 
 
 8,3O4-370 
 
 1,003,186 
 
 18,320,324 
 
 Yolo . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,5 26,3 1 8 
 
 i,779>46o 
 
 1,532,730 
 
 425-395 
 
 12,253 
 
 1,021,059 
 
 14.927,215 
 
 Yuba . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 877,077 
 
 » 72,438 
 
 340,424 
 
 37.749 
 
 271,495 
 
 372,935 
 
 2,072,1 18 
 
 Totals for 
 
 S/l 
 
 lie 
 
 $108,570,469 
 
 S38,349- 2 77 
 
 ->,'>.: -i .-■ j'. 
 
 $47,377,921 
 
 - 27 .'ii '.'198 
 
 $26,270,380 
 
 $587,600,591 
 
 36
 
 TALKING IN MILLIONS (Continued) 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. Consult the table on the opposite page and then list the counties that produce $5,000,000 worth or 
 more of cereals. 
 
 What is a cereal ? 
 
 2. California leads all the states in the production of seeds. List the six counties that lead in the 
 production of seeds and grains, other than cereals. 
 
 Underline in red those of the six counties that border on the Pacific ; underline in blue those that lie in 
 the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys. 
 
 3. Name the five counties that lead in the production of hay. 
 
 Are these counties also among the largest producers of beef and dairy cattle ? (Refer to page 42) 
 
 4. Name six counties that produce more than $2,000,000 worth of vegetables. 
 
 Are most of the California vegetables grown on irrigated or nonirrigated land ? _ 
 5. List the counties that produce $5,000,000 worth or more of fruits and nuts. 
 
 Underline in red those producing more than $40,000,000 worth ; underline in blue those producing from 
 $10,000,000 to $40,000,000 worth. 
 
 6. How many California counties produce more than $10,000,000 worth of farm crops annually? 
 
 7. What is the most valuable farm crop grown in California ? 
 R 37
 
 DOES CALIFORNIA RAISE MUCH BARLEY, HAY, AND RICE ? 
 
 (Based on figures of a recent year) 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. How does California rank among the states raising barley? 
 
 Complete the graph. 
 
 Scale: 3,000,000 bushels 
 
 2. How does California rank among the states raising hay? 
 Complete the graph. 
 
 State 
 
 Tons of Hay 
 
 S 1 ATE 
 
 Bushels op Darli;\ 
 
 A bushel of barley = pounds 
 
 California 
 
 28,750,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 South Dakota 
 
 26,825,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25,000,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 North Dakota 
 
 ■ .1180,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 1, 28c., OOO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 1 
 
 
 Scalk : 500,000 tons 
 
 New York 
 
 5,482,000 
 
 California 
 
 5,002,000 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 4.S 14,000 
 
 Iowa 
 
 4,350,000 
 
 Ohio 
 
 4,252,000 
 
 3. How does California rank among the states raising rice ? 
 Complete the graph. 
 
 Scale : 3,000,000 bushels 
 
 Statf. 
 
 1 is in Rice 
 
 A bushel of rice — pounds 
 
 
 25,200,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 California 
 
 9,720,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9,554,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,889,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 38
 
 CALIFORNIA LEADS IN RAISING PEACHES, PEARS, PLUMS, AND PRUNES 
 
 (Based on figures of a recent year) 
 PROBLEMS 
 PRODUCTION OF PEARS IN FIVE LEADING STATES 
 Complete the graph. ScALE : 5oo,ooo bushels 
 
 PRODUCTION OF PEACHES IN FIVE LEADING STATES 
 
 Complete the graph. Scalf. : 2,000,000 bushels 
 
 
 Bushels Raised 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 State 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,600,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,37S> 00 ° 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,246,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,100,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 843,000 
 
 ! 
 
 1 i, : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 State 
 
 Bushels Raised 
 
 A bushel of peaches — pounds 
 
 
 13,800,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,799,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,307,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ohio 
 
 2,241,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 1,909,000 
 
 
 ............ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PRODUCTION OF PLUMS AND PRUNES IN FOUR LEADING STATES 
 Complete the graph. Scale : 2,000,000 bushels 
 
 State 
 
 Bushels Raised 
 
 
 
 
 
 rounds 
 
 
 
 
 
 13,200,805 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,151,864 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Washington 
 
 785,920 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 485,325 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 39
 
 THE "NETHERLANDS" OF OUR STATE 
 
 On the map in the front of this book find the section of the state between Benicia (on the Carquinez 
 Straits), Sacramento, and Stockton. This is delta land, lying along the lower reaches of the Sacramento 
 and San Joaquin rivers, and is therefore very fertile. Much of it is broken up into islands by branches 
 of the rivers, or " sloughs." The land is so low that in many places it is protected from overflow by great 
 dikes, and the level of the water in the streams is higher than the farm lands on either side. 
 
 Before the dikes were built, most of this land was a great swamp covered with tules. After the dikes 
 were thrown up, the water was pumped out into drainage canals and carried off to the rivers. This pumping 
 has to be continued from year to year, and agriculture in this district depends upon drainage instead of 
 irrigation. The dikes along the river banks are so broad on top that they are used for roads, and in some 
 places paved highways have been constructed on them. 
 
 Great crops of onions, potatoes, peas, barley, sugar beets, celery, asparagus, and other vegetables and 
 grains are grown on these low, fertile delta lands. Fruit trees and vineyards have also been started here. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. Why is this part of the state called "The Netherlands"? 
 
 2. What are tules ? 
 
 3. Why is this land so fertile and productixe? 
 
 4. 
 
 How are the crops of this great delta shipped to San Francisco ? 
 
 5. 
 
 In what two ways are the vegetables of this region shipped to Eastern cities ? 
 
 
 6. 
 
 What counties share this delta region ? 
 
 
 
 7. In southern California there is another great agricultural district, most of which lies below sea level. 
 This is the Valley. It is part of the delta of the River. 
 
 8. Agriculture in this district is carried on by means of irrigation. Would "The Netherlands" be an 
 appropriate name for this section of the state ? Explain your answer. 
 
 9. In what county does most of this agricultural district lie? 
 
 10. Name six different crops that are raised in the Imperial Valley (refer to page 34). 
 
 40
 
 TEAMWORK IN CALIFORNIA 
 
 The California farmers and ranchers have not always been prosperous. In past years they have some- 
 times found that the prices they received for raisins, oranges, peaches, prunes, and other products were 
 not enough to pay for the cost of growing, harvesting, and selling. Some of the crops would be sold too 
 early, some would be sold too late, and one grower might make money while another lost. The fruits 
 were not packed in standard sizes, and so the buyers in distant markets could not always be sure of the 
 quality of the California fruit that was offered for sale. Sometimes great quantities of one fruit were sent 
 to one place, causing prices to drop there, while there would be a shortage of the same fruit somewhere 
 else. Besides, people in the East did not know about the fine qualities of the California figs, raisins, 
 oranges, nuts, prunes, apricots, and other products, and no one grower could afford to advertise them. 
 
 Many of these problems have been solved by the associations that have been formed to sell the 
 California products. Most of the growers of raisins, for example, have joined the California Sun Maid 
 Raisin Growers. Working together, they can afford to engage experts who see that all the raisins are 
 picked at the right time, and that they are dried and packed in just the right way. They know just where 
 and when to sell the raisins in order to get the best prices. Besides, they can afford to advertise raisins in 
 many magazines and papers that reach millions of people. As a result of this teamwork the demand for 
 raisins has been increased, the growers make much more money than they did before the association was 
 organized, and no one grower has an advantage over any other. For the same grade and quality of raisins 
 each grower is paid the same price. With the help of these associations the fruit growers now make a 
 good profit where once they sold at a loss. At the same time consumers get a far higher quality of fruit 
 at much lower prices. 
 
 There are many of these cooperative associations. 
 
 California Prune and Apricot Growers, Incorporated 
 
 California Date Association 
 
 California Sun Maid Raisin Growers, Incorporated 
 California Peach and Fig Growers 
 California Sunkist Fruit Growers' Exchange (Citrus 
 fruits) 
 
 Some of the most important are 
 
 California Walnut Growers' Association 
 California Almond Growers' Exchange 
 Avocado Association of California 
 Central California Berry Growers' Association 
 Central California Poultry Producers' Association 
 Honey Producers' Exchange 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. Name some cooperative marketing associations, in addition to those listed above, that sell products 
 grown in your county. 
 
 2. Look through all the recent magazines you can find at home for California products advertised by 
 our great marketing associations. Fill in the blanks below. 
 
 
 Magazine 
 
 Date 
 
 Product 
 Advertised 
 
 Advertised bV 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41
 
 LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND RANGES 
 
 
 Alameda 
 Alpine . 
 Amador 
 Hutte . . . 
 Calaveras . 
 
 i . 
 Contra 
 
 ■ rlc 
 
 ulo . 
 I 
 Glenn 
 Humboldt 
 Imperial . 
 
 . 
 Kern 
 Kings 
 
 Lake . . . 
 Lassen . 
 
 i igeles . 
 Madera 
 Marin . 
 
 •sa . 
 Mendocino 
 Merced 
 
 . 
 Mono . 
 .Monterey . 
 Napa 
 
 Nevada . . 
 Orange 
 
 Placer 
 
 Plumas . . . 
 
 Riverside . 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 San Benito 
 
 San Bernardino . 
 
 S m Dil;;.! 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 S in Joaquin . 
 
 San Luis Obispo 
 
 i 
 Santa li.rbara 
 Santa Clara 
 Santa Cruz 
 Shasta . . . . 
 Sierra . . . . 
 Siskiyou . 
 Solano . . . . 
 Sonoma 
 
 Stanislaus . . . 
 Sutter . . . . 
 Tehama . . . 
 Trinity 
 
 Tulare . . . . 
 Tuolumne . 
 Ventura . . . 
 Yolo . . . . 
 Yuba . . . . 
 
 
 Totals for state 
 
 . 
 1 69 
 1,856 
 
 3,812 
 8,418 
 
 435 
 
 i 
 4.776 
 
 ! 
 
 "'I 
 
 8,2C10 
 
 2"S 
 l,56l 
 
 50'62 
 
 • 
 
 5°4 
 13.292 
 
 3,845 
 1,523 
 7,355 
 3,852 
 
 10,035 
 
 1 1,019 
 
 5,219 
 
 I 
 
 105 
 
 18,050 
 
 11,820 
 
 10,652 
 
 10,305 
 
 3 .445 
 
 S22 
 
 !2,OI I 
 
 14,364 
 
 5,08. 
 
 1,196 
 
 20,177 
 
 1,409 
 
 6,388 
 
 2.254 
 
 Bi 1 1 
 Cattle 
 
 402,407 
 
 19.347 
 
 I.U7 
 17.501 
 ■21,879 
 21 .2 1 4 
 10,484 
 12,772 
 
 12,097 
 44. 1 03 
 
 ■9 •. 
 23.212 
 21.760 
 119.505 
 11,920 
 
 35,9'9 
 19,-05 
 
 11,389 
 
 22.519 
 
 80.427 
 
 44.072 
 
 1,461 
 
 52,862 
 
 9,1 16 
 
 6,789 
 
 9- 1 '3 
 
 4-307 
 
 6.^22 
 
 10,607 
 
 13,327 
 27,928 
 
 1 2,890 
 
 34.644 
 
 14-329 
 62,311 
 
 1,051 
 
 39-951 
 
 25.176 
 2.991 
 
 3 r> -477 
 },8 1 1 
 
 42.204 
 
 10.542 
 
 9,865 
 
 23,563 
 
 5,548 
 32,726 
 
 10,731 
 45,M4 
 14.185 
 
 1 1,461 
 9,966 
 
 1.229.086 
 
 Dair\ 
 
 Cattle 
 
 '7,434 
 310 
 
 9,530 
 1,327 
 
 4.521 
 
 3,880 
 
 37-073 
 8,628 
 
 14 195 
 43,165 
 
 1 1,760 
 
 29-943 
 3,042 
 4-724 
 
 35,23S 
 8,078 
 
 35,i87 
 
 262 
 
 10,351 
 
 3,756 
 
 285 
 
 22,213 
 
 7,'4i 
 
 5-657 
 3-330 
 3.845 
 8.205 
 
 5,169 
 
 7,608 
 
 11,904 
 
 254 
 
 31,9-7 
 
 26,366 
 
 '0,959 
 
 17,213 
 
 5-177 
 
 2,665 
 
 2.517 
 
 11.436 
 
 1 2.897 
 
 36,242 
 
 55,292 
 
 8,131 
 
 5,"04 
 
 723 
 
 47,401 
 
 1-337 
 
 3,493 
 
 r 1,429 
 
 3,008 
 
 778.951 
 
 ^111 1 p 
 
 25,812 
 
 355 
 9,964 
 
 51,948 
 
 27,068 
 
 655 
 
 10,985 
 
 56,153 
 60, 1 76 
 
 43,542 
 
 147,719 
 
 41,605 
 
 92,961 
 26,200 
 
 ■4,i' s 5 
 10,207 
 5,464 
 99,918 
 85,005 
 108,062 
 30,285 
 10,829 
 16,500 
 
 11,475 
 
 178 
 
 23,829 
 
 4-395 
 13,964 
 42,637 
 14,875 
 
 3,919 
 
 7,3'i 
 
 4 
 
 68,874 
 
 1 1,609 
 
 1,060 
 
 3',74i 
 
 531 
 
 2,06 1 
 23,258 
 
 3,656 
 19,093 
 98,669 
 
 2,344 
 
 45,19' 
 
 2,051 
 
 9,92° 
 96,598 
 66,606 
 
 
 2.400,151 
 
 9,171 
 128 
 
 5,648 
 2 1 ,040 
 
 4.7" 
 
 23-5" 
 
 14.415 
 
 805 
 
 3,163 
 46,45' 
 22,844 
 
 13,524 
 
 44,839 
 
 4.357 
 
 33-805 
 
 34.195 
 8,198 
 5,910 
 
 38,768 
 
 ■5,'32 
 
 23,780 
 
 8,378 
 
 24,061 
 
 35.621 
 
 4,858 
 
 368 
 
 23,286 
 
 8.54' 
 3,096 
 6,843 
 
 5.364 
 
 1,027 
 
 '5.599 
 
 ■6,373 
 
 9,003 
 
 20,651 
 
 15,73' 
 209 
 
 34,284 
 
 17,45' 
 
 8.437 
 14,356 
 
 10.317 
 
 26,270 
 
 482 
 
 11,787 
 
 1 1,529 
 
 22,040 
 
 I 
 
 ",759 
 20,561 
 
 6,392 
 
 60,828 
 3,690 
 8,453 
 
 5.065 
 
 909,272 
 
 Chickens 
 
 307,092 
 
 767 
 
 22.443 
 109,815 
 
 23,061 
 
 5934° 
 
 127,436 
 
 4,662 
 
 26,526 
 307.727 
 123.297 
 
 6<).l 22 
 264, 1 23 
 
 20,946 
 I25,l8o 
 [31,184 
 
 29,506 
 
 25,521 
 
 1,307,976 
 
 58,463 
 
 195,712 
 
 10,362 
 
 83,144 
 166,959 
 
 22,555 
 
 2,282 
 
 101,514 
 
 123.535 
 
 24,570 
 1N4.401 
 
 72,667 
 
 6,291 
 
 219,791 
 
 240,632 
 
 64,878 
 
 191,949 
 
 392,359 
 
 3,19' 
 
 290,239 
 
 85,459 
 
 57,258 
 
 67,838 
 
 219,729 
 
 222,306 
 
 39,406 
 
 2,776 
 
 37,423 
 
 94.273 
 
 2.986,883 
 
 330,488 
 
 82,672 
 
 82,001 
 
 9.048 
 
 373.999 
 
 18.020 
 60.770 
 8S.446 
 26,635 
 
 10,426,648 
 
 42
 
 THE FARM ANIMALS OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 California is one of the leading states in every line of live-stock production. The mild winters and 
 the abundance of green feed are of great help to the stockgrower and the dairyman. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. What are the counties that lead in the production of (a) dairy cattle ? (Write here names of counties 
 with more than 20,000.) 
 
 (b) beef cattle? (List all counties with more than 30,000.) 
 
 (c) sheep? (List all counties with more than 75,000.) 
 
 2. What great crop is used largely to feed our live stock ? . 
 
 3. The greatest poultry district in the state is around Petaluma. Why is this a particularly desirable 
 
 location for poultry raising ? 
 
 Name two other poultry districts of California. , . 
 
 4. What is the total number of horses in the state ? How does this 
 
 compare with the number of automobiles ? (See page 60.) Have auto- 
 mobiles led to a decrease in the number of horses ? 
 
 5. Name three breeds of cattle that are found on California ranches. 
 
 6. Are cattle raised more largely for beef or for dairy purposes ? 
 
 7. The following are breeds of sheep and swine : Cheviot, Cotswold, Berkshire, Duroc-Jersey, Shrop- 
 shire, Poland-China, Southdown. Underline breeds of sheep in red and breeds of swine in blue. 
 
 R 43
 
 THE DAIRY PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNLA. 
 
 HITTER PRODUCTION IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF THE STATE 
 
 IT RING A RECENT YEAR 
 
 i 
 
 Alameda . . . 
 Alpine 
 Amador . 
 Butte .... 
 
 Calaveras . . 
 Colusa . . . 
 Contra Costa . 
 Del Norte . . 
 Eldorado 
 Fresno . 
 Glenn . . . 
 Humboldt . . 
 Imperial . 
 Inyo .... 
 Kern .... 
 Kings 
 
 Lake .... 
 Lassen . 
 Los Angeles 
 Madera . . 
 
 Pounds 
 
 Coi-M v 
 
 Marin .... 
 Mariposa . . 
 Mendocino 
 Merced .... 
 Modoc .... 
 Mono .... 
 Monterey . . . 
 Napa .... 
 Nevada .... 
 Orange .... 
 Placer .... 
 Plumas .... 
 Riverside . . . 
 Sacramento . . 
 San Benito . . 
 San Bernardino . 
 San Diego . 
 San Francisco 
 San Joaquin 
 San Luis Obispo 
 
 
 COI M V 
 
 Pounds 
 
 666,205 
 
 5,000 
 
 1 10,281 
 
 994-7 "4 
 59,848 
 
 759-94' 
 
 9-4.359 
 
 1,042.542 
 
 3",589 
 3,264,092 
 i,ooo,574 
 6,377,5«6 
 5,648,099 
 
 303,571 
 1,001,219 
 
 4.548, '72 
 389,962 
 3i ',93<5 
 
 77,959 
 1,085,620 
 
 2.519.490 
 
 7-' s .°-4 
 4,311,842 
 
 316.480 
 
 907,213 
 622,877 
 222,164 
 1 2,000 
 235,886 
 
 246,393 
 
 23,560 
 
 1,476,780 
 
 3 2 3- I2 4 
 15,652 
 
 430,95' 
 
 2,353,oo5 
 2,555,238 
 
 San Mateo 
 Santa Barbara 
 Santa Clara 
 Santa Cruz 
 Shasta . 
 Sierra . 
 Siskiyou 
 Solano . 
 Sonoma 
 Stanislaus 
 Sutter . 
 Tehama 
 Trinity . 
 Tulare . 
 Tuolumne 
 Ventura 
 Yolo 
 Yuba 
 Total 
 
 496,786 
 402,298 
 310,370 
 
 455,389 
 116,341 
 
 344,078 
 1,256,050 
 
 715,703 
 
 4,297,366 
 
 6,524,986 
 
 555,071 
 
 35', '84 
 
 4,685,140 
 
 28,230 
 
 3,800 
 
 956.334 
 
 442,556 
 
 68,126,560 
 
 VALUE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS 
 
 Products 
 
 Butter 
 
 Cheese 
 
 Condensed, evaporated, and powdered milk 
 
 Casein 
 
 Milk sugar, crude and refined 
 
 Market milk, cream, and ice cream 
 
 Skim milk and buttermilk 
 
 Curds, lactein, semisolid buttermilk 
 
 Total 
 
 Value 
 
 $42,136,276 
 
 4,162,511 
 
 11,612,926 
 
 79', 924 
 
 870,147 
 
 38,946,731 
 
 213,920 
 
 269,923 
 
 $99,004,358 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. What is California's pure-milk law? 
 
 2. What is pasteurized milk ? 
 
 44
 
 THE DAIRY PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA (Continued) 
 
 3. List below the eight counties that lead in the production of butter. Write after the name of each 
 county the region in which it is located. 
 
 County 
 
 Region 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. Why do these counties lead in dairy proc 
 
 Inr-t-s ? 
 
 
 
 5. The city and county of San Francisco and Trinity County have no dairy products. Why is this so ? 
 
 
 6. What portion of the total amount of butter produced in California comes from your county ? 
 ■ . At the present market price, what is 
 
 its value in dollars ? 
 
 7. In addition to butter, what are the other most valuable dairy products ? 
 
 8. Name the two breeds of cattle commonly found on our dairy farms ? 
 
 and 
 
 9. What counties do you think supply San Francisco with milk ? 
 
 What counties supply Los Angeles with milk ? 
 
 Note to the Teacher. If possible, have the pupils visit a dairy farm. If not, have them construct a model of a dairy 
 farm. Pupils will be able to find a great deal of material at home that can be used for such a project. A four-foot square will 
 usually be large enough for this project. 
 
 45
 
 CALIFORNIA'S LUMBER 
 
 About one half of the standing timber in the United States is in the Pacific coast states, and nearly a 
 third of this is in California. The following table shows the six most important kinds of timber in this state 
 and the number of board feet of each cut in a recent year. In addition, considerable quantities of spruce, 
 hemlock, and oak were cut. 
 
 CALIFORNIA'S CUT OF LUMBER BY COI NTIES 
 
 County 
 
 Alameda .... 
 
 lor .... 
 Butte 
 
 . rras .... 
 Del Norte .... 
 Eldorado .... 
 
 Fresno 
 
 Humboldt .... 
 
 I nyo 
 
 Kern 
 
 Lake 
 
 Lassen 
 
 Madera 
 
 Mariposa .... 
 Mendocino. . . . 
 
 ■c 
 
 Nevada 
 
 Placer 
 
 l'lumas 
 
 Riverside .... 
 San Bernardino . . 
 San Mateo. . . 
 Santa Cruz . . 
 
 Shasta 
 
 Sierra 
 
 Siskiyou .... 
 Sonoma .... 
 
 Trinity 
 
 Tulare 
 
 Tuolumne .... 
 
 Yuba 
 
 Totals .... 
 
 Douglas Fib 
 
 7,275-769 
 
 300,000 
 
 4,444,000 
 
 2,165,175 
 
 75,000 
 
 31,106,729 
 
 20,000 
 2,450,000 
 
 28,214,262 
 
 30,000 
 
 275,000 
 
 8,5% '75 
 
 300,000 
 5.147,642 
 7,59'-542 
 
 15,486,231 
 1 1 0,000 
 1,1 23,000 
 125,000 
 886,937 
 250,000 
 
 1 ' 5,939-462 
 
 UN Pink 
 
 15-573 
 
 i 4S,889 
 
 1 8,940,900 
 
 2,200,000 
 
 19,351 
 
 4-t ( '5-9 Sl 
 231,804 
 
 80,000 
 
 60,000 
 
 245.000 
 
 83.94r.247 
 
 1 3,40s, 400 
 
 22,500 
 
 29,040. 868 
 
 605,000 
 
 18,326,085 
 
 379."° 
 
 39,128,071 
 
 200,000 
 
 671,477 
 
 2,824. 763 
 
 10,425,000 
 
 190,521,640 
 
 131,000 
 
 263,020 
 
 28,071,21 1 
 
 1.176,816 
 
 464,853,223 
 
 R] I.WOOD 
 
 2,400 
 
 8,054.000 
 
 ',725,430 
 253,697,247 
 
 
 [46,131,767 
 
 6,500,000 
 
 13,060,949 
 
 159,000 
 
 40,000 
 
 429,370,793 
 
 3.232.847 
 
 1,729,079 
 
 1,595,086 
 190,744 
 
 20,000 
 
 1,565,409 
 
 4.340,000 
 
 5,500 
 
 191,028 
 42,000 
 
 3,074,573 
 
 40,000 
 
 262,536 
 
 382,000 
 
 735,796 
 
 170,820 
 
 4,820,339 
 
 105,400 
 
 22,503,157 
 
 .-I GAR PlNl 
 
 33,588 
 
 2,173,000 
 50,000 
 
 12,547,907 
 2,564,622 
 
 60,000 
 
 20,600,000 
 1 1,414,000 
 
 7,53" 1 9 
 60,000 
 
 3,633,660 
 
 13,942,405 
 12,000 
 
 212,420 
 
 26,425,240 
 
 8,500 
 
 101,275,471 
 
 White Fir 
 
 10,375,400 
 
 4.301.784 
 
 1.146,293 
 
 905,046 
 
 20,000 
 
 60,000 
 
 21,372,000 
 
 S, 1 80,000 
 
 3,250,000 
 
 4,242,064 
 
 637,1 20 
 
 8,627,336 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 941,815 
 
 625,000 
 9,682,604 
 
 397,920 
 
 14,092,005 
 
 4,500 
 
 89,860,887 
 
 On the map on the opposite page show the counties that produced more than a million board feet of 
 Douglas fir, western pine, redwood, cedar, sugar pine, and white fir in the year for which the figures are 
 given. Use the following symbols : 
 
 ■+- Counties producing more than 1,000,000 board feet of Douglas fir 
 
 X Counties producing more than 1,000,000 board feet of western pine 
 
 G Counties producing more than 1,000,000 board feet of redwood 
 
 D Counties producing more than 1,000,000 board feet of cedar 
 
 © Counties producing more than 1,000,000 board feet of sugar pine 
 
 ® Counties producing more than 1,000,000 board feet of white fir 
 
 Mark the proper symbol in each county which produced more than a million board feet of the kind of 
 timber which the symbol represents. 
 
 46 R
 
 123* 
 
 47
 
 CALIFORNIA'S LUMBER (Continued) 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 (In solving these problems use the table on page 46 and the map that you have made on page 47.) 
 
 1. I >f the lumber cut in California what two kinds are of the greatest commercial value ? 
 
 and 
 
 2. In what part of the state is the "redwood belt " of California ? 
 
 3. What four counties produce more than a million board feet each of Douglas fir, western pine, cedar, 
 sugar pine, and white fir ? , , 
 
 Is redwood cut in any of 
 
 these counties ? 
 
 4. Name the county that leads in the production of each of the following kinds of lumber : 
 
 Douglas fir Cedar 
 
 Western pine Sugar pine 
 
 Redwood White fir 
 
 5. What natural regions seem to lead in the production of lumber ? 
 
 6. Is most of the lumber of the state cut in northern or in southern California ? 
 Why? 
 
 7. What can you say of the relation between the rainfall of California and the location of the chief 
 lumbering districts ? (Refer to the map on page 13.) 
 
 8. Name one use for each of the following kinds of wood : 
 
 Douglas fir 
 
 Western pine 
 
 Redwood 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Sugar pine 
 
 White fir 
 
 9. What is being done by our government to conserve our state forests ? 
 
 48
 
 HOW IMPORTANT ARE THE MINERALS OF CALIFORNIA? 
 
 MINERAL PRODUCTION IN CALIFORNIA IN A RECENT YEAR 
 
 Mineral 
 
 Value 
 
 Per Cent 
 
 Petroleum and natural gas 
 
 Gold 
 
 $139,018,663 
 
 '6,695,955 
 
 2,397,610 
 
 6,882,610 
 
 84.5 
 10. 
 
 Other minerals 
 
 Silver .... $1,240,051 
 Quicksilver. . 1,217,077 
 Magnesite .... 677,661 
 Basalt 635,588 
 
 Limestone .... 540,987 
 Lead and zinc . . . 261,454 
 
 Clay 177,246 
 
 Miscellaneous . . 1,569,061 
 
 '•5 
 
 4- 
 
 Total 
 
 $164,994,838 
 
 100. 
 
 Let the circle above represent the total value of all the minerals, or 100 per cent. It is divided into 
 parts which represent the per cents of petroleum, gold, copper, and all others. Print the name of each 
 mineral in its part. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. What important minerals essential to industry are not found in California ? 
 
 2. In what ways can this handicap be overcome ? 
 
 3. What are the leading mineral products in your county ? 
 
 4. In early days, how was gold mining carried on in California ? (Refer to any California history.) 
 
 5. How is most of the gold mined today ? 
 
 6. Give the most important use for each of the following minerals found in California 
 
 Petroleum 
 
 Gold 
 
 Copper . 
 
 Quicksilver . 
 
 49
 
 WHERE ARE OUR MINERALS FOUND? 
 
 The table below shows the important minerals produced in the counties of California during a recent 
 . together with the rank of each county in the production of minerals. The leading mineral product 
 in each county is underlined. Many other minerals are found in California, but their production at the 
 present tune is not important. Some of these are asbestos, iron ore, coal, sulphur, and nitrates. 
 
 K|VK 
 
 rriES 
 
 K VSK 
 
 Counties 
 
 Rank 
 
 Counties 
 
 20 
 
 Alameda 2,4,5,22,24,28 
 
 30 
 
 Mariposa 6,7,26 
 
 36 
 
 San Mateo 24,29 
 
 
 57 
 
 Alpine 
 
 51 
 
 Mendocino 17,29 
 
 5 
 
 Santa Barbara 17, 18, 19, 
 
 21, 
 
 8 
 
 Amador 7,5,25, 26 
 
 48 
 
 Merced 20 
 
 
 29,10 
 
 
 23 
 
 Butte 7,20,29 
 
 53 
 
 Mi >doc 
 
 22 
 
 Santa Clara 14,19,23,29 
 
 
 17 
 
 Calaveras 6,7,26 
 
 45 
 
 Mono 7 
 
 15 
 
 Santa Cruz 3,12,13,29 
 
 
 54 
 
 i 29 
 
 40 
 
 Monterey 29, 10 
 
 11 
 
 Shasta 6, 7,12,13, 20,22 
 
 26, 
 
 19 
 
 Contra Costa 3,5,29 
 
 35 
 
 Napa 3,14,17,23 
 
 
 29,31 
 
 
 55 
 
 Del Norte 7,29 
 
 9 
 
 Nevada 7,26 
 
 33 
 
 Sierra 7 
 
 
 39 
 
 irado 7,13,27 
 
 2 
 
 Orange 6,10,18,19 
 
 24 
 
 Siskiyou 7, 17,26,29 
 
 
 4 
 
 Fresno 8,18,19,29 
 
 29 
 
 Placer 4,5,7,8,26 
 
 18 
 
 Solano 3,17,18,23,29 
 
 
 44 
 
 Glenn 29 
 
 16 
 
 l'lumas 6, 7,26 
 
 34 
 
 Sonoma 4, 14, 17,23,29 
 
 
 47 
 
 Humboldt 2,7,29 
 
 13 
 
 Riverside 2,3,5,6,8,9,15,17, 
 
 25 
 
 Stanislaus 4,15,29 
 
 
 41 
 
 Imperial 29 
 
 
 25,29 
 
 58 
 
 Sutter 
 
 
 12 
 
 Inyo 1,6,7,11,26,31,28 
 
 14 
 
 Sacramento 5,7, 29 
 
 52 
 
 Tehama 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 Kern 2,7, 18,19,24,26,30 
 
 21 
 
 San Benito 3,23,17, 29 
 
 26 
 
 Trinity 7 
 
 
 46 
 
 Kings 23 
 
 6 
 
 San Bernardino 3, 6, 7, 9, 17, 
 
 32 
 
 Tulare 2,13,14,29 
 
 
 49 
 
 Lake 17,23 
 
 
 21,26, 27,30,31 
 
 27 
 
 Tuolumne 7,12,13,26 
 
 
 56 
 
 Lassen 
 
 31 
 
 San Diego 5,8,24,29 
 
 10 
 
 Ventura 18, 19 
 
 
 3 
 
 Los Angeles 2, 5, 17, 18,19, 29 
 
 43 
 
 San Francisco 29 
 
 50 
 
 Yolo 23, 29 
 
 
 4.' 
 
 Madera 6,7,8,26 
 
 28 
 
 San Joaquin 2, 7, 15, 29 
 
 / 
 
 Yuba 7,20,26,29 
 
 
 37 
 
 Marin 29 
 
 38 
 
 San Luis Obispo 4, 19, 29, 10 
 
 
 
 
 Key to the Nimbers 
 
 1, borax 
 
 2, brick and tile 
 
 3, cement 
 
 4, chromite 
 
 5, clay 
 
 6, copper 
 
 7, gold 
 
 8, granite 
 
 9. gypsum 
 
 10, infusorial earth 
 
 1 1 , lead 
 
 12, lime 
 
 13, limestone 
 
 14, magnesite 
 
 15, manganese 
 
 16, marble 
 
 17, mineral water 
 
 18, natural gas 
 
 19, petroleum 
 
 20, platinum 
 
 21, potash 25, silica 29, stone (mis- 
 
 22, pyrite 26, silver cellaneous) 
 
 23, quicksilver 27, soapstonc 30, tungsten 
 
 24, salt 28, soda 31, zinc 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1 . On the map on the opposite page write the name of the leading mineral product in each county. 
 
 2. List below the six counties that lead in the production of minerals, and write after each the name 
 of the most important mineral found in the county. 
 
 
 Counties 
 
 Mineral 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5°
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 *
 
 PETROLEUM, OUR LEADING MINERAL PRODUCT 
 
 The United States produces more than two thirds of the petroleum of the world. The leading states 
 in its production are Oklahoma, California, and Texas. 
 
 CALIFORNIA'S RANK: IN THE PRODUCTION OF PETROLEUM IN A RECENT YEAR 
 Complete the graph. Scale: 10,000,000 barrel; 
 
 \TE 
 
 llAKKELS 
 
 A barrel = 42 gallons 
 
 
 105,725,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 103,377,361 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g6,O00,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 38,501,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35,649,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17,071,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10,772,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PRODUCTION OF OIL BY COUNTIES 
 
 Complete the graph. 
 
 Scale : 5,000,000 barrels 
 
 County 
 
 Barrels 
 
 
 Kern 
 
 50,660,438 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 1 i ! 1 1 
 
 
 
 Orange 
 
 15.462,741 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fresno 
 
 15-375.454 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14,026,536 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. 8o 3.5 8 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 All others 
 
 2,048,609 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 'OjJ77j6i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 These counties are designated as "All others " : 
 
 Barrels Produced 
 
 Ventura 1,989,681 
 
 San Luis Obispo 42.511 
 
 Santa Clara 16,095 
 
 San Mateo 322 
 
 52
 
 PETROLEUM, OUR LEADING MINERAL PRODUCT (Continued) 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. How does California rank among the states in the production of petroleum ? 
 
 2. In the space below write in order of production the names of the six leading petroleum-producing 
 counties of California. Opposite each one write its rank among the counties in the production of minerals 
 as a whole. Refer to the table on page 50. 
 
 County 
 
 Mineral Rank 
 
 County 
 
 Mineral Rank 
 
 » 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. How do the five leading petroleum-producing counties rank in the production of minerals as a whole ? 
 
 4. In what natural regions is most of the petroleum found ? 
 
 5. The oil is carried in railroad tank cars or is pumped from the fields through pipe lines to Richmond, 
 Los Angeles, Martinez, Fresno, San Luis Obispo, Monterey, Bakersfield, and other cities, where it is refined. 
 It is then shipped abroad or sold in California and other states. What is meant by the refining of petroleum ? 
 
 6. What is a tank farm ? 
 
 7. Where are some of the California tank farms located ? 
 
 8. What are some of the important products obtained from our California petroleum ? 
 
 9. What is the usual depth of an oil well ? 
 10. What oil field is nearest your home ? 
 
 11. At an average price of $1.73 a barrel, what was the total value of the oil produced in California dur- 
 ing the year for which the figures are given on the opposite page ? 
 
 R S3
 
 CALIFORNIA THE GOLDEN 
 
 It was the discovery of gold in [848 ih.it led to the settlement of California by Americans. Many 
 thousands of nun made their way across the plains or came by sea to California in the hope of gaining 
 wealth from the gold diggings. These settlers were called the " forty-niners." 
 
 Gold is no longer one of the most important products of the state, but California still leads all other 
 - in its production. From [848 to 1919 California produced a total of Si, 706, 546,203 in gold. 
 
 In a recent year the gold production by counties was as follows: 
 
 
 
 Am.. 
 Bum 
 Calaveras 
 Dei Norte 
 Eldorado 
 Fresno . 
 Humboldt 
 Inyo 
 Kern . 
 
 ',492 
 
 37* 
 
 1.; 50.574 
 
 867 
 
 30,121 
 
 69,560 
 
 300 
 '7.705 
 
 
 Mariposa 
 Modoc 
 Mono . 
 
 la ■ 
 Orange . . 
 Placer . . 
 Plumas 
 Riverside 
 Sacramento . 
 San Bernardino 
 San Diego . . 
 
 1 <;tion 
 
 5^53.39- 
 
 6,478 
 
 29,428 
 
 2,981,312 
 
 1 70,609 
 
 83,600 
 
 213 
 
 '.714,193 
 39.769 
 
 1,47° 
 
 1 OUNTV 
 
 1 
 
 Sierra . 
 Siskiyou . 
 Trinity . . 
 Tuolumne 
 Yuba . . . 
 Merced 
 San Joaquin 
 Stanislaus 
 Total . '. 
 
 I'Kolin HON 
 
 *37S.2,S 3 
 
 301,172 
 
 226,525 
 
 53' v 
 471.021 
 
 4,195.732 
 162,471 
 
 ^"6,695,955 
 
 About half of this gold came from deep mines. Most of the remainder was secured by the use of 
 gold dredges. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. What counties led in the production of gold in the year for which the figures are given? Write 
 the names of the counties that produced gold worth $1,000,000 or more. . 
 
 2. Are most of the gold-producing counties increasing in population ? (Refer to the map on page 19.) 
 Why? 
 
 3. Where was gold first discovered in California, and by whom ? 
 
 4. Compare the value of California's gold production with that of Alaska, Colorado, and South Dakota 
 ( 'otnplete the graph. Scale : $2,000,000 
 
 State 
 
 \ in 1 
 
 California 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Alaska 
 
 South I • 
 
 $16,695,955 
 
 10,249,300 
 
 9,963,500 
 
 5,289.700 
 
 
 54
 
 THE "WHITE COAL" OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 1. In many places in the mountains of California the water from the rainfall and the melting snows 
 is collected and stored in immense reservoirs. From these reservoirs it is taken down the steep mountain 
 sides in mammoth pipes to power plants, where it is made to turn water wheels. The power of this rusrr- 
 ing water is so great that the wheels are able to run great generators for the purpose of developing 
 electricity. From the power plants the electricity is sent by transmission lines all over the state of Cali- 
 fornia, and is used for . 
 
 , and 
 
 2. A few years ago these same generators were run by steam power. What kind of fuel do you 
 think the power plants used at that time ? 
 
 3. Give two reasons to show why water power, or white coal, as it is sometimes called, should 
 be used in California in place of steam power for generating electricity. 
 
 4. Following is a list of the twelve great power companies in California : 
 
 Southern California Edison Company Coast Valleys Gas and Electric Company 
 
 San Diego Consolidated Gas and Electric Company San Joaquin Light and Power Company 
 
 Southern Sierras Power Company Western States Gas and Electric Company 
 
 Pacific Gas and Electric Company Great Western Power Company 
 
 Los Angeles City Snow Mountain Water and Power Company 
 
 California Oregon Power Company County and City of San Francisco 
 
 5. Does any one of these companies furnish you with electricity ? If so, write its name here. 
 
 6. The map in the front of this book shows the locations of the larger hydroelectric power plants in 
 California. What rivers are used most extensively for the development of hydroelectric power ? 
 
 7. In what natural regions do the sources of these rivers lie? 
 
 8. What is the average annual rainfall in these regions ? From to 
 
 inches. (Refer to the map on page 13.) 
 
 9. During the fall of 1920 many cities were asked to economize in the use of electricity. Explain the 
 
 reason for this request. 
 
 — Has the same necessity occurred this year? 
 
 R 55
 
 IS CALIFORNIA A GREAT MANUFACTURING STATE ? 
 
 The factors necessary for manufacturing are raw materials, power and fuel, transportation facilities, 
 markets, labor, capital, and a healthful climate. Discuss the relation of each to manufacturing. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. Has California the necessary factors for manufacturing? (Review your previous lessons and fill in 
 the blanks below with suitable words.) 
 
 a. California has the following raw materials : 
 
 b. California has little or no coal. Upon what resources can she depend for power and fuel ? 
 
 c. California enjoys good railroad transportation to the following states and countries : 
 
 d. The following states and countries are easily reached by water from California : 
 
 e. The following countries offer good markets for California products : 
 
 f. California has 
 cities. Labor is 
 
 people, more than two thirds of whom live in the 
 
 Is the population increasing ? 
 
 g. California is a rich state, with 
 
 to invest in manufacturing. 
 
 h. The climate of California offers 
 
 working conditions. 
 
 2. In the spaces below write the names of the chief manufactured products of each city listed. 
 
 City 
 San Francisco 
 Los Angeles 
 Oakland . . 
 Berkeley 
 Sacramento . 
 Richmond 
 
 Products Manufactured 
 
 56
 
 CALIFORNIA LEADS IN CANNING AND PRESERVING FRUITS 
 
 AND VEGETABLES 
 
 (Figures are for a recent year) 
 
 Dried Fruit 
 
 Tons 
 
 Canned Fruit 
 
 24-QUART 
 Cases 
 
 Canned Vegetables 
 
 24-QUART 
 Cases 
 
 Apricots 
 
 Figs 
 
 5,000 
 10,750 
 1 1,500 
 25,000 
 25,000 
 
 2,500 
 
 95,000 
 
 185,000 
 
 Blackberries .... 
 
 Loganberries .... 
 Olives 
 
 Strawberries .... 
 Other fruits .... 
 
 9,041 
 2,312,020 
 
 •61,359 
 647,977 
 114,886 
 14,267 
 300,000 
 
 6,753,i9 8 
 1,184,288 
 
 164,740 
 
 5,525 
 •5,562 
 
 Chilies and Pimentos 
 Kraut 
 
 Pumpkin 
 
 String Beans .... 
 
 Tomatoes and 
 
 Tomato products . . 
 Other vegetables . . . 
 
 Total 
 
 1,024,813 
 
 400,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 366,679 
 
 I 50,000 
 
 685,228 
 
 75,000 
 
 99,269 
 
 Total 
 
 359,750 
 
 2,000 
 
 2,691,841 
 382,1 16 
 
 
 11,682,863 
 
 5,896,946 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. Why are California canned fruits and vegetables in demand all over the world? 
 
 3. What are the most important canned fruits ? 
 
 2. Where is the leading prune rlkrrirt nf the stare ? 
 
 
 
 Where is the leading pearh Hisfrirf ? 
 
 
 What are the most important dried fruits 
 
 What are the most important canned vegetables 
 
 4. In what natural regions are the California fruits dried ? 
 
 5. 
 
 Tell how California fruit 
 
 is dried. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. 
 
 Why is 
 
 it possible to dry 
 
 fruits in 
 
 this 
 
 way 
 
 in 
 
 California 
 
 and not 
 
 in 
 
 other states ? 
 
 57
 
 RAILROAD TRIPS IN CALIFORNIA 
 
 On the map on the opposite page trace the principal railroads of the state and write on each road the 
 abbreviation of its name. These railroads are indicated on the map in the front of this book. Refer also 
 to folders issued by the railroad companies and to a railroad map. 
 
 Tell below how you would travel by railroad between the places named. 
 
 
 To 
 
 On Railroad or Railroads 
 
 Number of Mills 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 San Diego 
 San Francisco 
 Kidding 
 
 i lakland . . 
 Stockton 
 Vallejo • 
 Truckee . . 
 Los Angeles . 
 Modesto 
 Turlock . . 
 
 
 
 
 Fresno . 
 
 
 
 
 Eureka . 
 
 
 
 ■ alexico . 
 
 
 
 Oroville . 
 
 
 
 1 lakersfield 
 
 
 
 Chico 
 
 
 
 Santa Rosa 
 
 
 
 San Jose 
 
 
 
 Santa Cruz 
 
 
 
 Chico 
 
 
 
 San Diego 
 
 \ico 
 
 
 
 your home 
 
 
 San Francisco 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 
 
 Your home 
 
 
 
 Your home 
 
 . Sacramento . 
 
 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 
 Yosemite Valley 
 Lake Tahoe . 
 
 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. Over what railroads could you ship goods (a) from Los Angeles to Chicago ? 
 
 (b) from Los Angeles to Salt Lake City ? 
 Francisco to New York ? 
 
 (c) from San 
 
 (</) from Oakland to 
 
 Seattle ? 
 
 2. What natural regions in California have the most railroads ? 
 
 3. What fuel is used by the railroads in California ? 
 
 4. Study the population map on page 21. Are more railroads found in the populous regions or in the 
 
 thinly-settled regions ? . 
 
 5»
 
 -U£l 
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 59
 
 MOTOR TRIPS 
 
 California is truly a paradise for motorists. In proportion to population more automobiles are used here 
 than in any other state. In a recent year 645,522 automobiles were registered in California, or one for 
 
 every persons in the state. One of the greatest attractions that we have to offer 
 
 to the tourist is our hundreds of miles of paved highways. One may travel all the way from the Oregon 
 line to the Mexican border over paved boulevards. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. Draw our main state highways on the map on the opposite page. 
 
 2. Plan at least one of the following trips. Indicate your route on the map by placing arrows along the 
 highway over which you would travel. 
 
 I >m San Francisco to San Diego. Follow the coast route going and the valley route returning. 
 
 From San Francisco to Redding. Follow the east side of the Sacramento Valley going and the west 
 side returning. 
 
 From Los Angeles to the Imperial Valley. Go by way of Redlands, thence across the desert ; return 
 via Fl Centro and San Diego. 
 
 From Fresno to Vosemite Valley. In going follow the W'awona route ; return via the Big Oak Flat road. 
 
 From Sacramento to Lake Tahoe. In going follow the Truckee route ; return via Placerville. 
 
 From your home to any place that you wish to visit. 
 
 3. For your first trip fill in the following log. Make a new log for each trip you take. 
 From to 
 
 Important cities and towns visited : 
 
 Natural regions passed through : 
 
 Counties passed through : 
 
 Interesting things observed 
 
 Approximate mileage traveled : 
 
 Note to the Teacher. California offers unlimited possibilities for motor trips. Plan additional trips and have the 
 children indicate each journey on the map and prepare a log for each trip. 
 
 Automobile tour books will be very valuable for this work. Many of the leading newspapers of the state publish tours which 
 may be had for the asking. 
 
 60 R
 
 115 
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 123" 
 
 6l
 
 THE PLAYGROUND OF THE NATION 
 
 1. The citizens of California have unlimited opportunities for out-of-door recreation and rest. One 
 fourth of the entire state is reserved for public playgrounds. Hundreds of thousands of tourists and 
 visiters come to California every year from other states and from all parts of the world. 
 
 2. California has four national parks, six national monuments, two state parks, and twenty national 
 its. Their names and locations are given in the lists below. 
 
 \ mONAL PARKS 
 
 Yosemite National Park, in Mariposa, Mono, Madera, and General Grant National Park, in Tulare and Fresno 
 
 Tuolumne counties counties 
 
 Stquoia National Park, in Tulare County Lassen Volcanic National Park, in Lassen, Shasta, 
 
 Tehama, and Plumas counties 
 
 NATIONAL MONUMENTS 
 
 Cinder Cone National Monument, in Shasta County Deril Postpile National Monument, in Madera County 
 
 '/ Peak National Monument, at the point where Pinnacles National Monument, in San Benito County 
 
 sen, Plumas, Shasta, and Tehama counties meet CetbriUo National Monument, in San Diego County 
 Muir Woods National Monument, in Marin County 
 
 STATE PARKS 
 'ark, in Contra Costa County California Redwood Park, in Santa Cruz County 
 
 NATIONAL FORESTS 
 
 Angeles National Forest, in Los Angeles and San Bernar- Plumas National Forest, in Plumas, Butte, and Lassen 
 dino counties counties 
 
 mia National Forest, in Mendocino, Glenn, Colusa, Santa Barbara National Forest, in San Luis Obispo, 
 and Lake counties Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties 
 
 Cleveland National Forest, in Orange, Riverside, Imperial, Sequoia National Forest, in Fresno, Tulare, and Kern 
 and San Diego counties counties 
 
 National Forest, in Modoc County (mostly in Shasta National Forest, in Siskiyou, Shasta, and Trinity 
 Oregon) counties 
 
 Eldorado National Forest, in Eldorado County Sierra National Forest, in Mariposa, Madera, and Fresno 
 Inyo National Forest, in Inyo County counties 
 
 Klamath National Forest, in Siskiyou, Humboldt, and Siskiyou National Forest, in Siskiyou County, extending 
 
 Del Norte counties into Oregon 
 
 Lassen National Forest, in Shasta and Lassen counties Stanislaus National Forest, in Calaveras, Alpine, Tuo- 
 Modoc National Forest, in Modoc and Lassen counties lumne, and Mariposa counties 
 
 National Forest, in Alpine and Mono counties Tahoe National Forest, in Sierra, Butte, Yuba, Nevada, 
 rey National Forest, in Monterey and San Benito and Placer counties 
 
 counties Trinity National Forest, in Trinity and Humboldt counties 
 
 3. On the map on the opposite page draw the outline of each of the national parks and shade its 
 area lightly. (Refer to the map in the front of this book.) Indicate the location of each national monu- 
 ment by a square (□), and the location of each state park by a circle (O). Put a cross (x) in each 
 county that has one or more national forests. If possible, use a green pencil. 
 
 4. Among the popular coast resorts of California are the following: Santa Cruz, Santa Barbara, 
 Ventura, Venice, Long Beach, \j& Jolla, Coronado, Carmel, Pisma, Santa Monica, and Santa Catalina 
 Island. Indicate the location of each one by a dot on your map. 
 
 62 R
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 63
 
 THE PLAYGROUND OF THE NATION (Continued) 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. In whit natural region are the Yosemite, Sequoia, and General Grant national parks ? 
 
 2. In what natural region is the Lassen Volcanic National Park ? 
 
 3. In what natural region are most of the national forests ? 
 
 Some of the cities of California have established camps for their citizens in the national forests. Only 
 iits of the cities operating the camps are eligible as guests. On account of the low cost of the out- 
 ing each person is required to render an average of one hour's service per day for the length of his stay. 
 In 1920 four such camps were operated in California, — two by the city of Los Angeles and one each 
 by Sacramento and Oakland. 
 
 Anyone is permitted to camp in the national forests and to fish and hunt there during the legal 
 seasons. Plan a vacation trip in one of the national forests. Tell how you would get there, where you 
 would camp, and what you would do for amusement. 
 
 4. Why is California called the playground of the nation ? 
 
 5. Why is it important that California should encourage tourists to visit the state ? 
 
 6. In the space below make a " Strangers' Directory." In the first column write the names of ten 
 places that every visitor to California ought to see. Opposite each one, in the second column, give the 
 things of special interest to be seen there. 
 
 STRANGERS' DIRECTORY 
 
 Place Interesting Things to See 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8. . 
 
 9. _ 
 
 10. 
 
 64
 
 THE GREAT CITIES OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 In the space below make a list of the twelve cities in California that had a population of over 25,000 
 in 1920. Write after each its population in 1920 and in 19 10. Figure out the increase in the population 
 of each city since 19 10 and write the numbers in the last column. 
 
 City 
 
 Population in 1920 
 
 Population in 1910 
 
 Increase 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1 . How many of these cities are located on the coast ? 
 
 2. Which one is located several miles inland and yet is an important seaport ? 
 
 3. What two are river ports ? , 
 
 4. What ones are located in the midst of important fruit-growing regions ? 
 
 5. What three cities have shown the greatest increase in population since 1910 ? 
 
 6. Name the California cities that are among the one hundred largest cities of the United States. 
 (Refer to page 80 of this book.) , , 
 
 7. Los Angeles ranks 
 Francisco ranks 
 
 R 
 
 among the cities of the United States, and San 
 
 65
 
 SAN FRANCISCO AND THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT AROUND 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO BAY 
 
 San Francisco and the other cities that border on San Francisco Bay have a combined population of 
 over 1,000,000. 
 
 On the opposite page make a map of the San Francisco Bay Region. Draw the boundaries of the 
 principal cities that border on the bay and name each one. Indicate the harbors, rivers, railroad trunk 
 lines, principal highways, and two great universities. 
 
 San Francisco owes its prosperity, first, to the size and magnificence of its harbor, — the largest and 
 finest port on the Pacific coast; second, to the richness of its adjoining territory and the open waterways 
 leading into it; and, third, to its convenience of access from all parts of the world. 
 
 San Francisco is one of the leading cities of the West in variety and value of manufactured products, 
 and it takes first rank among all the Western cities in foreign trade. Some of the principal industries of 
 San Francisco are printing and publishing, canning and preserving, meat-packing, and iron and steel 
 manufacturing. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. Give two reasons why San Francisco leads the West in foreign trade. 
 
 2. Give five reasons why it is a great manufacturing center. 
 
 3. What two inland waterways connect San Francisco with the great interior valleys ? 
 
 What is the general character of the cargoes carried by 
 
 the river boats to San Francisco ? ; from San Francisco 
 
 to the interior ? 
 
 4. Name three great transcontinental railroads that have their terminals on San Francisco Bay. 
 
 5. Name two steamship lines plying between San Francisco and coast ports. 
 
 6. Name four steamship lines plying between San Francisco and foreign ports. 
 
 7. Name two important industries of each of the following cities 
 
 Oakland 
 
 Berkeley 
 
 Alameda 
 
 Richmond 
 
 66
 
 MAP OF THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY REGION 
 
 67
 
 LOS ANGELES, THE LARGEST CITY IN THE WEST 
 
 In 1900 Los Angeles had a population of approximately 102,000. If you multiply 102,000 by 
 , you will obtain its approximate population today. Los Angeles is the 
 
 largest city in the United States. 
 
 I In the opposit. draw a map of Los Angeles County, indicating the principal towns, harbors, 
 
 valleys, and highways, the railroad trunk lines, and two important colleges. 
 
 The early settlers came to Los Angeles to enjoy its mild, pleasant climate and its beautiful scenery, 
 but in recent years the city has become a great manufacturing center. Almost three thousand factories are 
 in operation in the county. Some of the most important industries are the production of moving pictures, 
 the manufacture of clothing, iron and steel, furniture, automobile bodies, food products, and brick and clay 
 products, printing and publishing, and shipbuilding. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 1. Name three industrial products of Los Angeles. 
 
 2. Why has Los Angeles become a large industrial center? 
 
 3. What facilities has it for shipping its products by rail ? 
 
 How can it ship its products by water ? 
 
 4. What effect has irrigation had upon the development of Los Angeles ? 
 
 5. What is the Owens River project, and what has its completion meant to Los Angeles ? 
 
 6. Why do Los Angeles and the other cities of southern California attract so many tourists ? 
 
 7. Why is Los Angeles the leading city in the world in the production of moving pictures ? 
 
 8. Name some of the residence districts in and near Los Angeles that are noted for their beautiful 
 homes. . 
 
 9. What important mineral product is obtained in Los Angeles City ? <. 
 
 68 r
 
 MAP OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY 
 
 69
 
 SCHOOL DAYS IN CALIFORNIA 
 
 Boys and girls who go to school in California are fortunate indeed. Experts who have made a study 
 of the schools in all the states tell us thai ours are surpassed by those of no other state in the Union. Let 
 us see just why we rank so high. 
 
 i. Teachers arc well paid and well trained. 
 
 2. All schools are in session at least i(>o days in each year, as required by law; and the majority of 
 them are in session for a somewhat longer period. • 
 
 3. The people of California give great sums of money for the support of their schools. 
 
 4. In both cities and rural communities beautiful, modern school buildings are fast displacing the old, 
 obsolete structures. 
 
 5. The county libraries help the schools greatly by supplying them with books for home reading, 
 supplementary books, maps, globes, periodicals, music records and rolls, stereographs, stereoscopes, slides, 
 pictures, and charts. 
 
 The people of California, realizing that the boys and girls of today will be the men and women of 
 tomorrow, are doing all in their power to make it possible for them to become useful and intelligent 
 citizens. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. On the map opposite show the location of each state teachers college by a square (□). Locate and 
 name the other educational institutions listed below. Underline in red the school that you expect to attend. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DEPENDING ON THE STATE FOR SUPPORT 
 
 Nam b 
 
 Loc a 
 
 Nam r: 
 
 LOI A 1 ION 
 
 
 San I liego 
 
 University of California 
 
 Berkeley 
 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 University of California, Southern Branch 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 State Teachers College 
 
 Fresno 
 
 University of California, Branch of the 
 
 
 
 San Jose 
 
 College of Agriculture 
 
 Davis 
 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 California Polytechnic School 
 
 San Luis Obispo 
 
 State Teachers College 
 
 Chico 
 
 
 Berkeley 
 
 Teachers College 
 
 Areata 
 
 State School for the Blind .... 
 
 Berkeley 
 
 PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES 
 
 Name 
 
 Location 
 
 Name 
 
 Lo ITION 
 
 Leland Stanford Junior University . . 
 
 Mills College (for women) 
 
 University of Southern California . . 
 
 College of the Pacific 
 
 University of Santa Clara 
 
 Palo Alto 
 Oakland 
 Los Angeles 
 Claremont 
 San Jose 
 Los Angeles 
 Santa Clara 
 
 California Institute of Technology . . 
 
 St. Mary's College 
 
 College of the Holy Name .... 
 
 Pasadena 
 
 Redlands 
 
 Oakland 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Oakland 
 
 San Rafael 
 
 2. What is a junior high school ? 
 Is there one in your district ? 
 
 What is a junior college ? 
 
 What one is nearest your home ? 
 7°
 
 — , __ 
 
 o 
 
 119' 
 
 , , 
 
 N 
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 71
 
 OUR OCEAN AND ITS TRADE ROUTES 
 
 One of the great advantages of California is its location on the Pacific Ocean. This location offers 
 almost unlimited possibilities for the development of trade and commerce by sea. At the back of this book 
 is a map showing the more important trade routes of the Pacific. Study this map carefully and answer the 
 questions and problems below. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. The three leading seaports of California are 
 
 and 
 
 2. Which of these ports is nearest Honolulu? 
 
 3. In the table below, ten Pacific trade routes are indicated. Figure out the number of miles a ship 
 must travel in following each one, and the number of days that each trip would require. Refer to the map 
 at the back of the book for the distances between ports of call. Calculate the number of days needed for 
 each trip if the vessel made 15 nautical miles per hour. 
 
 Route 
 
 Miles 
 
 Days 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Los Angeles — *■ Honolulu — *■ Midway Islands — >■ Yokohama 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 4. The distance from Punta Arenas to New York is 6947 miles. What is the total distance from San 
 
 Francisco to New York by way of Punta Arenas? ; by way of the Panama Canal? 
 
 , How many miles are saved by using the Panama Canal route ? 
 
 5. The San Francisco and Los Angeles newspapers publish the shipping news each day. Get a 
 recent copy of one of these papers and fill in the following blanks. 
 Date: , 192 Port of 
 
 Number of ships arriving from American ports : 
 Number of ships sailing for American ports : 
 
 . ; from foreign ports : 
 
 ; for foreign ports : 
 
 72
 
 THE FOREIGN TRADE OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. Make a list of ten things used in your home that come from foreign countries, and name the 
 country from which each one comes. 
 
 Article 
 
 Country 
 
 Article 
 
 Country 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Make a list of ten California products, and name a country to which each might be shipped. 
 
 Product 
 
 Country 
 
 Product 
 
 Country 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Two products brought to California from Japan are 
 
 4. Two products brought to California from Hawaii are 
 
 5. We import and 
 
 6. We import and 
 
 7. We import from Mexico. 
 
 8. We export to South America 
 
 9. We export 
 
 and 
 and 
 
 from the Philippine Islands, 
 from South America. 
 
 to China. 
 
 10. Our two most important exports to Australia are - 
 
 11. Our two most important imports from Australia are 
 
 and 
 and 
 
 12. Do manufactured goods or raw materials form the greater part of our exports ? 
 
 ; of our imports ? 
 
 R 73
 
 THE FUTURE OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 In our study of the population of California we found that the number of people in the state is 
 increasing rapidly. California will continue to grow, for it can support many more millions of people. 
 The population in 1920 was nearly three times as great as the population in 1890. If it increases at the 
 same rate during the next thirty years, the population will be . j n 1950. 
 
 In order that all these people may be prosperous and happy, even a rich state like California should 
 plan carefully for the future. All our great resources should be conserved, that the state may always 
 be rich and prosperous. The climate will continue to be the same, but some of our resources may be lost 
 if they are used extravagantly. 
 
 PROBLEMS 
 
 1. Tell in a few words how the following resources should be used in order to prevent waste and to 
 make sure that they will be available in future \< 
 
 a. Soils : 
 
 />. Forests : 
 
 c. Petroleum (oil) : 
 
 d. Minerals : 
 
 2. How could our water supplies be used to greater advantage ? 
 a. For farming : 
 
 b. For manufacturing : 
 
 3. How would the people of California be benefited if we manufactured more of the goods that 
 we use ? 
 
 74
 
 1. There are 
 
 THE COUNTIES OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 (Refer to the table on page 78 and to a map of the state) 
 
 counties in California. 
 
 2. In area, the largest county is 
 
 In population, the largest county is 
 
 ; the smallest is 
 
 ; the smallest is 
 
 3. How many counties border on the Pacific Ocean ? 
 
 4. These counties border on Oregon : 
 
 5. How many counties border on Nevada ? 
 
 6. These counties border on Arizona : 
 
 7. These counties border on Lower California (Mexico) : 
 
 8. One county is entirely in one city and has a combined city and county government. This is 
 
 9. Compare the areas of some of the California counties with the areas 
 Complete the graph. 
 
 ?f some 
 Scale 
 
 of our Eastern states. 
 
 . 2000 square miles 
 
 
 Area in Square 
 Miles 
 
 
 
 20,175 
 
 
 111! 
 1 ,( 'I 1 
 
 1 II 1 
 
 
 
 
 Vermont and New Hampshire . . . 
 
 18,905 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,003 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,266 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5-95° 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.9 6 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Butte County 
 
 1,698 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 1,248 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 75
 
 WHAT I KNOW ABOUT MY COUNTY 
 
 1. I live in County. It is in the 
 
 natural region of California and embraces parts of 
 
 natural regions. 
 
 2. L'se the scale of miles on the map in the front of this book. My county is about 
 
 miles wide and miles long. According to page 78 it has an area of square 
 
 miles and a population of It ranks in size and 
 
 in population among the counties of California. 
 
 3. The county seat is Some of the important cities and towns in 
 
 the county are 
 
 Put a cross (x) after the name of every city and town that is on a paved state or county highway. 
 
 4. The following are important farm products raised in my county : 
 
 5. The following railroads pass through my county : 
 
 6. The products of my county can be transported to other places in the following ways : 
 
 7. The important minerals found in my county are 
 
 8. The leading manufactured products of my county are 
 
 9. The following high schools are located in my county : 
 
 10. The county library system of California leads the world in library service to people living outside 
 the cities. The county library supplies books, periodicals, and other materials to communities throughout 
 the county, and books and supplementary materials to schools desiring the service. Is there a county 
 
 library in your county ? 
 
 76 R
 
 A MAP OF COUNTY 
 
 PROBLEM 
 
 Draw a map of your county on this page. Show the areas of land or water surrounding it, the county 
 seat, the important towns and cities, the railroads, rivers, paved highways, national forests, hydroelectric 
 power plants, and any other features of interest. 
 
 77
 
 AREAS, POPULATION, AND COUNTY SEATS OF CALIFORNIA COUNTIES 
 
 Coi sr\ 
 
 Alameda . 
 Alpine . . . 
 Amador . 
 Butte .... 
 
 eras . . 
 Colusa 
 
 I ^ta . 
 Del Norte . . 
 Kl.lorado 
 Fresno . 
 Glenn . . 
 
 Humboldt 
 Imperial . 
 Inyo .... 
 Kern .... 
 Kings . . . 
 Lake .... 
 Lassen 
 
 \ngeles 
 Madera . 
 Marin 
 Mariposa 
 Mendocino . . 
 Merced . . 
 Modoc . . . 
 Mono 
 Monterey 
 Napa .... 
 Nevada . 
 Orange . . 
 Placer . . 
 
 Plumas . 
 Riverside . . 
 Sacramento . 
 San Benito . 
 San Bernardino 
 San Diego . . 
 San Francisco . 
 San Joaquin 
 San Luis Obispo 
 San Mateo . 
 Santa Barbara . 
 Santa Clara . 
 Santa Cruz . . 
 Shasta . . . 
 Sierra . . . 
 Siskiyou . 
 Solano 
 
 Sonoma . . . 
 Stanislaus . . 
 Sutter . . . 
 Tehama . . . 
 Trinity . . . 
 Tulare 
 
 Tuolumne . . 
 Ventura . 
 Yolo .... 
 Yuba .... 
 
 Land Area is 
 Square Miles 
 
 732 
 
 776 
 
 601 
 
 1,698 
 
 1,027 
 
 1,140 
 
 7'4 
 1.024 
 
 1-737 
 5.95° 
 '.337 
 3.575 
 4,089 
 
 9-99' 
 8,003 
 
 •-'59 
 1,238 
 
 4,53' 
 
 4."5 
 
 2.1 1 2 
 
 529 
 
 1,463 
 
 3.539 
 
 '.995 
 
 3.823 
 
 3.030 
 
 3.330 
 
 .783 
 
 974 
 
 795 
 
 1,411 
 
 2,593 
 7,223 
 
 983 
 
 J.39 2 
 
 20,175 
 
 4,221 
 
 42 
 1,448 
 
 3,334 
 
 447 
 2,740 
 1,328 
 
 435 
 3,858 
 
 923 
 6,256 
 
 822 
 .,582 
 
 1,45° 
 608 
 2,925 
 3,096 
 4,856 
 2,190 
 1,858 
 1,014 
 632 
 
 IN I9IO 
 
 246. t 3 I 
 
 309 
 9,086 
 
 27,3°' 
 
 9, '7' 
 
 7.732 
 3'- 6 74 
 
 2.417 
 
 7.492 
 75,^57 
 
 7,'72 
 33.857 
 '3.59' 
 
 6,974 
 37,715 
 16.230 
 
 5.526 
 
 4,802 
 
 504. '3' 
 
 8,368 
 
 25,114 
 
 3,956 
 23,929 
 [5,148 
 
 6,191 
 
 2,042 
 
 24,140 
 
 19,800 
 
 '4-955 
 
 34-436 
 18.237 
 
 5,259 
 34,696 
 67,806 
 
 8,041 
 56,706 
 61,665 
 416,912 
 50,73' 
 '9,383 
 26,585 
 
 27.738 
 
 83,539 
 
 26. 1 40 
 
 18,920 
 
 4,098 
 
 18,801 
 
 27-559 
 48,394 
 
 -t -> - -> -> 
 
 - -■ > — 
 
 6,328 
 1 1. 40 1 
 
 3-30I 
 35-440 
 
 9.979 
 18,347 
 13,926 
 10,042 
 
 Population 
 in 1920 
 
 344-'77 
 
 243 
 
 7,793 
 
 30,030 
 
 6,183 
 
 9-290 
 
 53,889 
 
 2,759 
 6,426 
 
 128,779 
 
 11,853 
 
 37.413 
 
 43.453 
 
 7.03' 
 
 54.843 
 
 22,031 
 
 5.402 
 
 8,507 
 
 936,455 
 
 12,203 
 
 27.342 
 
 2.775 
 24, 1 16 
 
 24i579 
 
 5-4-5 
 
 960 
 
 27,980 
 
 20,678 
 
 10,850 
 
 6i,375 
 
 iS, 5 8 4 
 
 S,68i 
 
 50,297 
 91,029 
 
 8,995 
 
 73.40I 
 
 112,248 
 
 506,676 
 
 79.905 
 2 1 .893 
 
 36,781 
 4',o97 
 100,676 
 26,269 
 13,361 
 1,783 
 '8,545 
 40,602 
 52,090 
 
 43,557 
 10, 1 1 5 
 12.882 
 
 2,55' 
 59.03' 
 
 7,768 
 28,724 
 17.105 
 io,375 
 
 Cum v Si at 
 
 Oakland 
 Markleeville 
 
 Jackson 
 Oroville 
 
 San Andreas 
 Colusa 
 M.11 tinez 
 
 cent City 
 Placerville 
 Fresno 
 Willows 
 Eureka 
 1.1 Ccntro 
 Independence 
 Bakersfield 
 11 an ford 
 Lakeport 
 Susan ville 
 Los Angeles 
 Madera 
 San Rafael 
 Mariposa 
 Ikiah 
 Merced 
 Uturaa 
 
 1 port 
 Salinas 
 Napa 
 
 Nevada City 
 Santa Ana 
 Auburn 
 Quincy 
 Riverside 
 Sacramento 
 Hollister 
 San Bernardino 
 San Diego 
 San Francisco 
 Stockton 
 San Luis Obispo 
 Redwood City 
 Santa Barbara 
 San Jose 
 Santa Cruz 
 Redding 
 Downieville 
 Yreka 
 Fairfield 
 Santa Rosa 
 Modesto 
 Yuba City 
 Red Bluff 
 Weaverville 
 Visalia 
 Sonora 
 Ventura 
 Woodland 
 Marysville 
 
 78
 
 INCORPORATED PLACES HAVING 2500 OR MORE PEOPLE IN 1920 
 
 
 
 Population 
 
 Population 
 
 
 
 Population 
 
 Population 
 
 City or Town 
 
 County 
 
 
 
 City or Town 
 
 County 
 
 
 
 
 
 in 1910 
 
 in 1920 
 
 
 
 in 1910 
 
 in 1920 
 
 Alameda . . . 
 
 Alameda . . . 
 
 23.383 
 
 28,806 
 
 Palo Alto . . . 
 
 Santa Clara . 
 
 4,486 
 
 5,900 
 
 Alhambra . . . 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 5.021 
 
 9,096 
 
 Pasadena . 
 
 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 30,291 
 
 45,354' 
 
 Anaheim . . . 
 
 Orange 
 
 2,628 
 
 5,526 
 
 Petaluma . 
 
 
 
 Sonoma . . . 
 
 5,880 
 
 6,226 
 
 Bakersfield . . 
 
 Kern .... 
 
 12,727 
 
 18,638 
 
 Piedmont . 
 
 
 
 Alameda . . . 
 
 I,7'9 
 
 4,282 
 
 Benicia 
 
 Solano .... 
 
 2,360 
 
 2,693 
 
 Pittsburg . 
 
 
 
 Contra Costa 
 
 2,372 
 
 4,715 
 
 Berkeley . . . 
 
 Alameda . . . 
 
 40.434 
 
 56,036 
 
 Pomona . 
 
 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 10,207 
 
 13,505 
 
 Brawley . . . 
 
 Imperial . 
 
 881 
 
 5,389 
 
 Porterville 
 
 
 
 Tulare .... 
 
 2,696 
 
 4,097 
 
 Burbank . 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 540 
 
 2,9'3 
 
 Red Bluff. 
 
 
 
 Tehama . 
 
 3,530 
 
 3,io4 
 
 Burlingame . 
 
 San Mateo . . 
 
 1,565 
 
 4,107 
 
 Redding . 
 
 
 
 Shasta .... 
 
 3,572 
 
 2,962 
 
 Calexico . . . 
 
 Imperial . . . 
 
 797 
 
 6,223 
 
 Redlands . 
 
 
 
 San Bernardino . 
 
 10,449 
 
 9,57' 
 
 Chico .... 
 
 Butte .... 
 
 3,75° 
 
 9,339 
 
 Redondo Beach 
 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 2,935 
 
 4,9 '3 
 
 Coalinga . . . 
 
 Fresno . . . 
 
 4,199 
 
 2,934 
 
 Redwood City 
 
 
 San Mateo . . 
 
 2,442 
 
 4,020 
 
 Colton .... 
 
 San Bernardino . 
 
 3,9 8 ° 
 
 4,282 
 
 Richmond 
 
 
 Contra Costa 
 
 6,802 
 
 16,843 
 
 Corona .... 
 
 Riverside . 
 
 3,540 
 
 4,129 
 
 Riverside . 
 
 
 
 Riverside . 
 
 15,212 
 
 19,341 
 
 Coronado . . . 
 
 San Diego . . 
 
 1,477 
 
 3,289 
 
 Roseville . 
 
 
 
 Placer .... 
 
 2,608 
 
 4,477 
 
 Daly City . . . 
 
 San Mateo . . 
 
 
 3,779 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 
 
 Sacramento . . 
 
 44,696 
 
 65,908 
 
 Dinuba 
 
 Tulare 
 
 970 
 
 3,400 
 
 Salinas 
 
 
 
 Monterey . . . 
 
 3,736 
 
 4,3o8 
 
 Dunsmuir . . . 
 
 Siskiyou . 
 
 1,719 
 
 2,528 
 
 San Bernardino 
 
 
 San Bernardino . 
 
 12,779 
 
 18,721 
 
 East San Diego . 
 
 San Diego . 
 
 4,500 
 
 4,148 
 
 San Diego . 
 
 
 San Diego . . 
 
 39.578 
 
 74,683 
 
 El Centro . . 
 
 Imperial . . . 
 
 1,610 
 
 5,464 
 
 San Fernando 
 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 
 3,204 
 
 Eureka. . . . 
 
 Humboldt 
 
 11,845 
 
 12,923 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 
 San Francisco . 
 
 416,912 
 
 506,676 
 
 Fort Bragg . . 
 
 Mendocino . 
 
 2,408 
 
 2,616 
 
 San Gabriel . 
 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 
 2,640 
 
 Fresno .... 
 
 Fresno . . . 
 
 24,892 
 
 45,086 
 
 San Jose . 
 
 
 Santa Clara . . 
 
 28,946 
 
 39,642 
 
 Fullerton . . 
 
 Orange . . . 
 
 1,725 
 
 4,415 
 
 San Leandro 
 
 
 Alameda . . . 
 
 3.47' 
 
 5.703 
 
 Gilroy .... 
 
 Santa Clara . . 
 
 2,437 
 
 2,862 
 
 San Luis Obispc 
 
 
 San Luis Obispo 
 
 5.157 
 
 5,895 
 
 Glendale . . . 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 2,746 
 
 13,536 
 
 San Mateo . 
 
 
 San Mateo . . 
 
 4,384 
 
 5,979 
 
 Grass Valley . . 
 
 Nevada . 
 
 4,520 
 
 4,006 
 
 San Rafael . 
 
 
 Marin .... 
 
 5.934 
 
 5,5'2 
 
 Hanford . . . 
 
 Kings .... 
 
 4,829 
 
 5,888 
 
 Sanger . . 
 
 
 Fresno . . . 
 
 
 2,578 
 
 Hayward . 
 
 Alameda . 
 
 2,746 
 
 3,487 
 
 Santa Ana 
 
 
 Orange . . 
 
 8,429 
 
 15,485 
 
 Hollister . . . 
 
 San Benito . . 
 
 2,308 
 
 2,781 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 
 Santa Barbara . 
 
 11,659 
 
 i9,44i 
 
 Huntington Park 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 1,299 
 
 4,513 
 
 Santa Clara . 
 
 
 Santa Clara . . 
 
 4,348 
 
 5,220 
 
 Inglewood . . . 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 1,536 
 
 3,286 
 
 Santa Cruz . 
 
 
 Santa Cruz . 
 
 ", 1 46 
 
 10,917 
 
 Lindsay 
 
 Tulare .... 
 
 1,814 
 
 2,576 
 
 Santa Maria . 
 
 
 Santa Barbara . 
 
 2,260 
 
 3,943 
 
 Lodi .... 
 
 San Joaquin . 
 
 2,697 
 
 4,850 
 
 Santa Monica 
 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 7,847 
 
 15,252 
 
 Long Beach . . 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 17,809 
 
 55,593 
 
 Santa Paula . 
 
 
 Ventura . . . 
 
 2,2l6 
 
 3.967 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 3'9,i9 8 
 
 576,673 
 
 Santa Rosa . 
 
 
 Sonoma . 
 
 7,817 
 
 8,758 
 
 Madera . . . 
 
 Madera . . . 
 
 2,404 
 
 3,444 
 
 Sausalito . 
 
 
 Marin .... 
 
 2,383 
 
 2,790 
 
 Martinez . . . 
 
 Contra Costa 
 
 2,115 
 
 3,858 
 
 Selma . . . 
 
 
 Fresno . . . 
 
 1,75° 
 
 3.I58 
 
 Marysville . . 
 
 Yuba .... 
 
 5,430 
 
 5,461 
 
 South Pasadena 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 4,649 
 
 7,652 
 
 Merced . . . 
 
 Merced . . . 
 
 3,102 
 
 3,974 
 
 S. San Francisco 
 
 San Mateo . 
 
 1,989 
 
 4,4" 
 
 Mill Valley . . 
 
 Marin .... 
 
 2,55i 
 
 2.554 
 
 Stockton . . . 
 
 San Joaquin . 
 
 23,253 
 
 40,296 
 
 Modesto . . . 
 
 Stanislaus. . . 
 
 4,034 
 
 9.241 
 
 Taft . . . 
 
 
 Kern .... 
 
 300 
 
 3,317 
 
 Monrovia . 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 3,576 
 
 5,480 
 
 Tulare . 
 
 
 Tulare .... 
 
 2,758 
 
 3,539 
 
 Monterey . . . 
 
 Monterey . . . 
 
 4,923 
 
 5,479 
 
 Turlock . . 
 
 
 Stanislaus 
 
 1,573 
 
 3,394 
 
 Monterey Park . 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 
 4,108 
 
 Upland . . 
 
 
 San Bernardino . 
 
 2,384 
 
 2,912 
 
 Napa .... 
 
 Napa .... 
 
 5,79i 
 
 6,757 
 
 Vallejo . . 
 
 
 Solano . . . 
 
 n,34o 
 
 21,107 
 
 National City 
 
 San Diego . . 
 
 ',733 
 
 3. "6 
 
 Venice. . . 
 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 3,"9 
 
 10,385 
 
 Needles . . . 
 
 San Bernardino . 
 
 
 2,807 
 
 Ventura . 
 
 
 Ventura . . . 
 
 2,945 
 
 4,342 
 
 Oakland . . . 
 
 Alameda . . . 
 
 150,174 
 
 216,261 
 
 Visalia . 
 
 
 Tulare .... 
 
 4,55o 
 
 5,753 
 
 Ontario . . . 
 
 San Bernardino . 
 
 4,274 
 
 7,280 
 
 Watsonville . 
 
 
 Santa Cruz . 
 
 4,446 
 
 5,oi3 
 
 Orange . . . 
 
 Orange . . . 
 
 2,920 
 
 4,884 
 
 Watts . . . 
 
 
 Los Angeles . . 
 
 1,922 
 
 4,529 
 
 Oroville . . . 
 
 Butte .... 
 
 3,859 
 
 3.340 
 
 Whittier . . 
 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 
 4.550 
 
 7,997 
 
 Oxnard 
 
 Ventura . . . 
 
 2,555 
 
 4.4' 7 
 
 Woodland 
 
 
 Yolo .... 
 
 3,i87 
 
 4.147 
 
 Pacific Grove . . 
 
 Monterey . . . 
 
 2,384 
 
 2,974 
 
 
 
 
 
 1890 
 1900 
 
 POPULATION OF CALIFORNIA FROM 1890 TO 1920 
 
 1,213,398 
 
 1,485,053 
 
 i9'° 2,377,549 
 
 1920 3,426,861 
 
 79
 
 POPULATION AND AREA OF EACH STATE IN THE UNITED STATES 
 
 State 
 
 ARE 
 
 Pon 1 
 
 State 
 
 Si.'UARE 
 
 1 ATION 
 
 State 
 
 Square 
 
 Population 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 IN 1920 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 IN 1920 
 
 
 Miles 
 
 in 1920 
 
 Alabama . 
 
 5L99 8 
 
 2.34 s -' 74 
 
 Louisiana . 
 
 48.506 
 
 i,79 8 >5°9 
 
 Ohio .... 
 
 4 1 .040 
 
 5,759.394 
 
 ina . 
 
 
 
 "3-956 
 
 334.162 
 
 Maine . 
 
 33,040 
 
 ;'.S,oi4 
 
 Oklahoma . . 
 
 70,057 
 
 2,02s, JS3 
 
 Arkansas . 
 
 
 
 53-335 
 
 1.752.204 
 
 Maryland . . 
 
 
 [ ,449,661 
 
 Oregon . . . 
 
 96,699 
 
 783,389 
 
 rnia 
 
 
 
 ' V 
 
 3,426,861 
 
 Massachusetts . 
 
 
 •■356 
 
 Pennsylvania . 
 
 45,126 
 
 8,720,017 
 
 Colorado . 
 
 
 
 103,948 
 
 939.629 
 
 Michigan . 
 
 57,9«o 
 
 3,668,412 
 
 Rhode Island . 
 
 1,248 
 
 604,397 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 
 
 
 1,380,631 
 
 Minnesota . 
 
 
 2,387,125 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 30,989 
 
 1,683.724 
 
 Delaware . 
 
 
 
 2,37° 
 
 223,003 
 
 Mississippi . 
 
 46,865 
 
 1,791 
 
 South Dakota . 
 
 77,615 
 
 636,547 
 
 District of 
 
 
 
 
 
 Missouri 
 
 69,420 
 
 3,404,055 
 
 Tennessee . 
 
 42,022 
 
 2,337,885 
 
 Columbia 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 437,57" 
 
 Montana . . 
 
 1 46,997 
 
 548,889 
 
 Texas . . - 
 
 265,896 
 
 4,663,228 
 
 Florida 
 
 
 
 58,666 
 
 968,470 
 
 Nebraska . 
 
 77,520 
 
 1,296,372 
 
 ..... 
 
 84,990 
 
 449.396 
 
 Georgia 
 
 
 
 59. 26 5 
 
 
 Nevada . . . 
 
 1 1 0,690 
 
 77,407 
 
 \ ei mont 
 
 9,564 
 
 352,428 
 
 Idaho . . 
 
 
 
 83,888 
 
 431,866 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 9,34" 
 
 443.o83 
 
 Virginia, 
 
 42,6 
 
 2,309,187 
 
 Illinois 
 
 
 
 56,665 
 
 5,280 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 , 
 
 3,i55.9oo 
 
 Washington 
 
 69,127 
 
 1.356,621 
 
 Indiana . 
 
 
 
 36,354 
 
 2,930,39° 
 
 New Mexico . 
 
 122,634 
 
 360,350 
 
 West Virginia . 
 
 24,170 
 
 1,463,701 
 
 Iowa . 
 
 
 
 56,147 
 
 2,404,021 
 
 New York . 
 
 49,204 
 
 10,385,227 
 
 Wisconsin . 
 
 56,066 
 
 2,632,067 
 
 Kansas 
 
 
 
 82,158 
 
 1,769,257 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 52. -1 '" 
 
 2,559,"23 
 
 Wyoming . . 
 
 97,9'4 
 
 194,402 
 
 Kentucky . 
 
 
 
 40,598 
 
 2,416,630 
 
 North Dakota 
 
 70,837 
 
 646,872 
 
 
 
 
 POPULATION OF THE ONE HUNDRED LARGEST CITIES IN 
 THE UNITED STATES IN 1920 
 
 ClTV 
 
 Akron, Ohio .... 
 Albany, New York . . 
 Allentown, Pennsylvania 
 Atlanta, Georgia . • . 
 Baltimore, Mary land . . 
 Bayonne, New Jersey . 
 Birmingham, Alabama . 
 Boston, Massachusetts . 
 Bridgeport, Connecticut 
 Buffalo, New York . . 
 Cambridge, Massachusetts 
 Camden, New Jersey 
 Canton, Ohio . 
 Chicago, Illinois 
 Cincinnati. Ohio 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 Columbus, Ohio 
 Dallas, Texas . 
 Dayton, Ohio . 
 Denver, Colorado 
 Des Moines, Iowa 
 1 letroit, Michigan . . 
 Duluth, Minnesota . 
 Elizabeth. New Jersey 
 Kl l'aso, Texas . . . 
 Erie, Pennsylvania . 
 Evansville, Indiana . 
 Fall River, Massachusetts 
 Flint, Michigan . . . 
 Fort Wayne, Indiana 
 Fort Worth, Texas . 
 
 id Rapids, Michigan 
 llarrisburg, Pennsylvania 
 Hartford, Connecticut . 
 
 Population 
 
 208,435 
 
 "3.344 
 
 78,890 
 
 200,616 
 
 733,826 
 
 76,754 
 1 78,806 
 748,060 
 "43-555 
 5o6,775 
 109,694 
 1 16,309 
 
 87,091 
 2,701,705 
 401,247 
 796,841 
 237,031 
 158,976 
 
 152,559 
 
 256.4,11 
 
 1 26,468 
 
 993,678 
 
 9 8 ,9' 7 
 
 95,783 
 
 77,56o 
 
 102,093 
 
 85,264 
 
 120,485 
 
 91,599 
 86,549 
 
 101 
 
 137-''' 1 
 
 75-9'7 
 
 138,036 
 
 City 
 
 Houston, Texas . . 
 Indianapolis, Indiana 
 Jacksonville, Florida . 
 Jersey City, New Jersey 
 Kansas City, Kansas . 
 Kansas City, Missouri 
 Knoxvillc, Tennessee 
 Lawrence, Massachusetts 
 Los Angeles, California 
 Louisville, Kentucky . 
 Lowell, Massachusetts 
 Lynn, Massachusetts . 
 Manchester, New Hampshire 
 Memphis, Tennessee . 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 
 Minneapolis, Minnesota 
 Nashville, Tennessee . 
 Newark, New Jersey . 
 New Bedford, Massachusetts 
 New Haven, Connecticut 
 New Orleans, Louisiana . 
 New York, New York . 
 Norfolk, Virginia . . . 
 Oakland, California . . 
 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 
 Omaha, Nebraska . . . 
 l'.iterson, New Jersey 
 I', ■' iria, Illinois .... 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 
 Portland, Oregon . . . 
 Providence, Rhode Island 
 Reading, Pennsylvania . 
 Richmond, Virginia . 
 
 Popul.m ion 
 
 138,276 
 
 3'4,194 
 
 9l,55S 
 
 298,103 
 
 101,177 
 
 324.410 
 
 77-81.8 
 
 94,270 
 
 576,673 
 
 234,89' 
 
 112,759 
 
 -I'M 18 
 
 78,384 
 
 162,351 
 
 457-147 
 
 38o, 5 S2 
 118,342 
 
 414.524 
 121,217 
 162,537 
 
 387,219 
 
 5,620,048 
 
 H5,777 
 216,261 
 
 91,295 
 191,601 
 
 '35,875 
 
 76,121 
 
 ',823,779 
 
 588,343 
 258,288 
 
 237,595 
 107,784 
 171,667 
 
 City 
 
 Rochester, New York . 
 St. Joseph, Missouri . 
 St. Louis, Missouri . 
 St. Paul, Minnesota 
 Salt Lake City, Utah . 
 San Antonio, Texas 
 San Diego, California . 
 San Francisco, California 
 Savannah, Georgia . . 
 Schenectady, New York 
 Scranton, Pennsylvania 
 Seattle, Washington 
 Sioux City, Iowa . . 
 Somerville, Massachusetts 
 South Bend, Indiana . 
 Spokane, Washington . 
 Springfield, Massachusetts 
 Syracuse, New York . 
 Tacoma, Washington . 
 Toledo, Ohio .... 
 Trenton, New Jersey . 
 Troy, New York 
 Tulsa, Oklahoma . . 
 1 "tk. 1, New York . . 
 Washington, 
 
 District of Columbia 
 Waterbury, Connecticut 
 Wichita, Kansas. . . 
 Wilkes- Barre, Pennsylvania 
 Wilmington, Delaware. 
 Worcester, Massachusetts 
 Yonkers, New York 
 Youngstown, Ohio . . 
 
 Population 
 
 295,750 
 77,939 
 
 234,698 
 118,110 
 
 l6l,379 
 74,683 
 
 506,676 
 83,252 
 
 88.723 
 137,783 
 3'5,3'2 
 
 71.227 
 
 93,091 
 70,983 
 
 io4,437 
 129,614 
 
 171,717 
 96,965 
 
 243,164 
 
 1 19,289 
 
 72,013 
 
 72,075 
 
 94.156 
 
 437,57' 
 91>715 
 
 72,217 
 
 73,833 
 1 10,168 
 
 179,754 
 100,176 
 
 132,358 
 
 80
 
 THE TEACHING OF GEOGRAPHY 
 
 By Mendel E. Branom, Department of Geography, Harris Teachers College, St. Louis, and Fred 
 K. Branom, Department of Geography, Chicago Normal College 
 
 The " new geography " emphasizes interpretation as well as facts. This is the 
 basis for " The Teaching of Geography," which shows how the work may be re- 
 lated to the child's interest and experiences and may be so motivated that he will 
 attack the problems whole-heartedly. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL AND INDUSTRIAL STUDIES 
 
 By Nelue B. Allen 
 
 The New Europe United States North America South America 
 
 Asia Africa, Australia, and the Islands of the Pacific 
 
 These books for study and reading for the upper grades furnish valuable 
 material, sure to arouse the interest of young pupils. They vividly picture the 
 life; especially the industrial life, of the countries treated. 
 
 PRACTICAL MAP EXERCISES IN GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 
 
 By Wallace W. Atwood, Nellie B. Allen, and Edward K. Robinson 
 Eastern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere 
 
 To accompany the grammar-school course in geography. The pupil draws the 
 whole of each map by a patented tracing device. Directions for place locations 
 and geography games are included. 
 
 CHILDREN OF OTHER LANDS — STORIES AND SKETCHES 
 
 By Nelue B. Allen and Edward K. Robinson 
 
 Instruction in geography and language work through reading, drawing pictures, 
 and filling in words. For the third or fourth year. 
 
 GINN AND COMPANY : PUBLISHERS
 
 This hock ia DUB "ii liif tail date stamped below
 
 
 G74 
 
 R36 e - 
 
 cop.l 
 
 ■^ 
 
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 yography. 
 I of California. 
 
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