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ESSENTIALS 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA 
 
 PHARMACY 
 
 AND 
 
 PRESCRIPTION WRITING 
 
 ARRANGED IN CONFORMITY WITH THE CLASSIFICATION IN THE LAST 
 
 EDITION OF PROF. H. C. WOOD'S "THERAPEUTICS" AND 
 
 FOLLOWING THE COURSE OF PHARMACY AS TAUGHT 
 
 IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 EDWIN A. HELLER, M.D. 
 // 
 
 QUIZ-MASTEK IN MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY AT THE MEDICAL 
 INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 P. BLAKISTON, SON & CO 
 
 IOI2 WALNUT STREET 
 1897 
 

 G 
 
 BIOLOGY LIBRARY 
 
 Copyright, 1897, by P. Blakiston, Son & Co. 
 
 PRESS OF WM. F. FELL & CO. 
 
 1220-24 SANSOM ST., 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 By the kind permission of Prof. H. C. Wood the 
 author has been enabled to prepare the following 
 volume. The definitions are mostly those given by 
 the last edition of the United States Pharmacopoeia. 
 That part of the work relating to pharnTacy has been 
 arranged with special reference to the course "as 
 given at the University of Pennsylvania. Special 
 attention has been given to the metric system, here- 
 tofore too much neglected. 
 
 The author trusts that this little work will lighten 
 the labors co-existent with the entrance into the 
 study of materia medica, and if it accomplishes this 
 end he will feel amply repaid for the care and ex- 
 ertion required to compile it. 
 
 Edwin A. Heller. 
 
 934 Franklin Street, Philadelphia, 
 
 743120 
 
 111 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PART I. 
 
 CHAPTER I. PAGE 
 Definitions — Parts of a Prescription — Kinds of Prescrip- 
 tions, Superscription, Inscription, 8 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Apothecaries' Weight and Measure — Domestic Measures 
 — Variation in Size of Drops, 17 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 Metric System — Tables for the Conversion of Apothe- 
 caries' V/eight and Measure into Metric and vice versa, . 23 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 Method of Writing Prescriptions — Conversion of Prescrip- 
 tions Written in One System into the Other, 35 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 The Grammatical Construction of Prescriptions — Use of 
 Tatin : Reasons therefor. Rules thereof — Parts of Speech 
 
 — Abbreviations, 43 
 
 V 
 
VI CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. PAGE 
 Directions to Apothecary — Latin Phrases and Abbrevia- 
 tions — Numerals, 6i 
 
 CHAPTER Vn. 
 Administration : Modes of, Rules for — Doses : Rules for, 
 for Children — Cumulative Action, 71 
 
 CHAPTER VHI. 
 Combination of Medicines — Incompatibles, 77 
 
 PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 Materia Medica — Pharmacy — Therapeutics — Officinal and 
 Non-officinal Preparations, 85 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Average Doses — Tinctures, Extracts, Fluid Extracts, etc., 117 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 Officinal Drugs and Preparations — Important Non-officinal 
 Drugs — Doses, 121 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 Poisons — Treatment and Antidotes, 359 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 List of Natural Orders, 373 
 
 Index, 383 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 115, first line, should read, "Solutions of gun-cotton in 
 ether. 
 
 Page 131, third line from bottom, "contain " should be " con- 
 tains." 
 
 Page 167, tenth line from bottom, " or " should be " and." 
 
 vill 
 
PART I. 
 
 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 DEFINITIONS.— PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION. 
 
 The word prescription (from the Latin /r^, before, 
 and scriptiiviy perfect participle of scribo, to write, 
 meaning, written,), was at one time understood to 
 mean any direction whatever, either verbal or 
 written, given to the patient. It included direc- 
 tions as" to diet, ventilation, heat, light of his 
 apartment, etc. ; in fact, any direction whatever 
 relating to the care of the patient or his surround- 
 ings. 
 
 At present, however, a prescription is generally 
 understood to be a written formula containing the 
 names and quantities of a drug or drugs, together 
 with directions to the apothecary for dispensing, 
 and directing also the patient as to the manner, 
 method, and frequency of administration. 
 
 A prescription may be either (i) simple or (2) 
 compound ; and the formula it contains may be 
 9 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PKESCRIPTION WRITING. II 
 
 either (i) officinal or (2) extemporaneous or magis- 
 tral. 
 
 A simple prescription contains but one in- 
 gredient. 
 
 Compound prescriptions always contain more 
 than one ingredient. 
 
 An officinal preparation or formula is one pub- 
 lished and authorized by the United States Pharma- 
 copeia, and although it may contain numerous in- 
 gredients, in prescribing it is necessary to write 
 only the officinal name, together with the dose and 
 directions. 
 
 An extemporaneous or magistral formula is 
 one composed by the physician to suit the individual 
 case. 
 
 A typical prescription consists of: 
 
 1. The superscription, heading. 
 
 2. The inscription, names and quantities of the 
 drugs prescribed. 
 
 3. The subscription, directions to the pharma- 
 cist. 
 
 4. The signature, directions to patient. 
 
 5. Date, and the signature of the physician. 
 I. In English the superscription is always the 
 
 symbol B ; a combination of R from recipe (Latin, 
 imperative of recipio), take, and the zodiac sign 1,'. 
 Originally, prescriptions were always begun with an 
 invocation to Jove or Jupiter, and his blessing in- 
 voked on the action of the remedy, whence we derive 
 
12 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 1 3 
 
 the combination of the R and i|. When Christianity 
 supplanted the heathen beliefs, the prayers were 
 abbreviated and changed in various ways : as, a, i2, 
 the beginning and end, the first and last, the alpha and 
 omega of everything; JJ, Juvante Jesu (Jesus help- 
 ing) ; JD, Juvante Deo (God helping) ; ND, Nomine 
 Dei (in God's name) ; and at one time also the 
 simple -f, the sign of the cross. But all these have 
 been discarded for the old R. In France P or Ps 
 {prenez, take,) is employed. 
 
 II. The inscription, or body of the prescription, 
 contains the names and quantities of the ingredients, 
 and in a typical prescription includes: 
 
 1. The basis, the principal active agent. 
 
 2. The adjuvant, or auxiliary intended to aid 
 and increase the action of the basis. 
 
 3. The corrective or corrigent, to correct or 
 modify one or both of the above two. 
 
 4. The vehicle or excipient, to render palat- 
 able, assimilable, or easy of administration the entire 
 prescription. 
 
 The old maxim of Asclepiades, " Curare cite tute 
 et jucunde, ' ' might be applied as follows : 
 
 Curare (cure), with the Basis. 
 
 Cite (quickly), " '< Adjuvant. 
 Tute (safely), " " Corrective. 
 
 et Jucunde (pleasantly), " " Vehicle. 
 
 The names of the ingredients are always written in 
 
14 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 1 5 
 
 Latin and are in the genitive case, governed by 
 recipe. 
 
 The quantities, if written out in Latin, which, 
 however, is practically never done, are always in the 
 accusative. 
 
 The subscription or instruction as to method of 
 dispensing is always in Latin. (A list of the prin- 
 cipal phrases will be found on pages 61-65.) 
 
 The signature, written Signa, or Sig., consists of 
 the directions to the patient, is always in English, 
 and should always be as simple and distinct as it pos- 
 sibly can be written. Even in cases where it is desired 
 to conceal from the pharmacist the purpose for which 
 the remedy is intended, this can be done at no sacri- 
 fice of meaning; e. g., in case an injection should 
 be ordered we may simply sign, ** Use as wash;" 
 *' Bathe affected part two or three times daily," etc. 
 Thus the druggist is often unable to tell if the pre- 
 scription is intended for eye, mouth, vagina, urethra, 
 or other part of the body, and the patient protected 
 both while procuring his prescription and at home, 
 should the preparation be seen by those who have 
 no right to do so. • 
 
I 6 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT AND MEASURE, 
 
 At present, although the metric system is really 
 the only system founded on a definite scientific basis, 
 both the apothecaries' weight and measure and 
 the metric system are employed. 
 
 APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. , 
 
 20 grains (gr.) = I scruple. 
 60 grains or 3 scruples ( ]^ ) = i dram. 
 480 grains or 8 drams [^) =1 ounce. 
 5760 grains or 96 drams or 12 ounces ( ^ ) = i pound. 
 
 In Latin, respectively : 
 
 Pound, symbol fb, = libra. 
 
 Ounce, " ^ , = uncia. 
 
 Dram, " ^ , = drachma. 
 
 Scruple, " ^, = scrupulum. 
 
 Grain, ** gr. , = granum. 
 
 The scruple (9) is practically obsolete, because if 
 not carefully written it is easily confounded with the 
 dram (3), and thus may give rise to serious conse- 
 quences. Amounts less than one dram should be 
 expressed in grains. 
 
 The British pharmacopeia directs that the pound 
 should contain 16 ounces, each of them equaling 
 437.5 grains, or 7000 grains to the pound, being 
 17 
 
1 8 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. ■ 1 9 
 
 considerably more than our pound. This must be 
 borne in mind in the use of formulae based on the 
 British standard. 
 
 APOTHECARIES' OR WINE MEASURE. 
 60 minims (TT\^) = i fluidram. 
 
 8 fluidrams (f^) -= i fluidounce, or 8 f^, or 480 TT\,. 
 16 fluidounces (f ^ ) = I pint, or i6f^,ori28 f^, or768oTT\^. 
 8 pints (O) = I gallon (C), or 8 O, or 128 f ^ , or 
 
 1024 f^, or 61,440 ni. 
 
 In Latin, respectively: 
 
 The gallon, symbol C, = congius. 
 '< pint, " O, = octarius. 
 
 " fluidounce, *' f ^ , = fluiduncia 
 ** fluidram, " fg, =z fluidrachma. 
 " minim, " n^, = minimum. 
 
 The English pin/ contains 20 fluidounces, and the 
 fluidounce equals 7 fluidrams and 2}4 minims; their 
 mmt'm, therefore, is equal only to .96 of ours, theirs 
 weighing approximately .91 of a grain, while ours is 
 equivalent to .95 of a grain. 
 
 As practically, all patients are unfamiliar with 
 apothecaries' measure, we must employ some domes- 
 tic measure fairly equivalent to it, and for that pur- 
 pose we generally consider — 
 The drop = a minim. 
 
 ** teaspoon = a fluidram. 
 
 '^ dessertspoon = 2 fluidrams. 
 
 " tablespoon = 4 fluidrams, or j^ of a fluidounce. 
 
 *' wineglass = 2 fluidounces. 
 
 ** teacup = 4 fluidounces. 
 
20 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 21 
 
 Naturally, it is at once evident that as the drops 
 of some liquids are much larger than those of others, 
 and as teaspoons vary greatly in capacity, to say 
 nothing of the balance, the method is faulty and not 
 to be relied upon for accurate dosage. 
 
 In such cases it is necessary to procure an accurate 
 graduate at once and use only this in giving the 
 medicine to the patient. 
 
 If drops are ordered (as for use in eye work), we 
 may order a pipet. Should we desire to give only 
 minims in this manner, accurate minim pipets may 
 be used. That the size of drops varies greatly may 
 easily be seen by glancing at the following list of 
 drugs. Drops in one fluidram : 
 
 Dilute sulphuric acid 
 
 = 54 to 
 
 48 
 
 Aromatic sulphuric acid 
 
 = 115 " 
 
 145 
 
 Hydrocyanic acid 
 
 = 45 *' 
 
 48 
 
 Ether 
 
 = 150 " 
 
 160 
 
 Chloroform 
 
 = 180 " 
 
 275 
 
 Alcohol 
 
 = 120 " 
 
 143 
 
 Castor oil 
 
 = 50- 
 
 5« 
 
 Tinct. aconite 
 
 = 115 *' 
 
 125 
 
 Tinct. opium 
 
 — 105 " 
 
 145 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 METRIC SYSTEM. 
 
 The metric system now used practically exclu- 
 sively in France and Germany is being rapidly 
 adopted in the other countries of Europe, and is 
 making rapid progress, as it deserves to, in this 
 country. It is the only rational system of weights 
 and measures we possess, the unit of length being the 
 meter, which equals one forty-millionth of the 
 earth's circumference through the poles, or one ten- 
 millionth of the distance from the pole to the equator. 
 It equals 39. 37 inches, being 3^ inches (about) 
 more than our yard. 
 
 The gram, the unit of weight, is the weight of 
 one cubic centimeter (c. c.) of water at its greatest 
 density (4° C. or 39° F.). 
 
 In writing a prescription according to the metric 
 system, if we desire all the ingredients to be weighed, 
 we merely place the symbol gm. above the figures. 
 If, however, the liquids are to be measured, we write 
 gm. and c. c. (cubic centimeters). 
 
 The gram (solid) equals 15.432 grains. The 
 gram (of water) measures 16.231 minims. 
 23 
 
24 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 25 
 
 The subdivisions of the units are formed by prefix- 
 ing to the unit the Latin — 
 
 Milli (from mille) =^- y^^^^ of the unit. 
 Centi (from centtini) ■= -^-^ of the unit. 
 
 Thus 
 
 Deci (from decent) 
 
 Two decigrams 
 Or two millimeters 
 Or one centiliter 
 
 of the unit. 
 
 liter. 
 
 , The multiples of the units are formed by prefixing 
 to the unit the Greek — 
 
 Deca (from Ae/ca) z= 10 times the unit. 
 Hecto (from 'E/carov) = 100 times the unit. 
 Kilo (from KtA^of) = looo times the unit. 
 Myria (from Wopiaq) = 10,000 times the unit. 
 
 Thus : 
 
 A decaliter = 10 liters. 
 
 A hectometer ^= lOO meters. 
 
 A kilogram = looo grams, etc. ' 
 
 Thus the multiple and subdivisions would be of 
 
 the— 
 
 
 
 Gram. 
 
 Meter. 
 
 Liter. 
 
 Milligram, 
 
 . ^V(y • • millimeter, . . ^o^^^ . 
 
 . milliliter. 
 
 Centigram, 
 
 . ^U . . centimeter, • . y^^ . 
 
 . centiliter. 
 
 Decigram, 
 
 . yi^ . . decimeter, . . ji^ . 
 
 . deciliter. 
 
 Gram, 
 
 meter, . . 
 
 liter. 
 
 Decagram, 
 
 10 . . decameters, . . 10 . 
 
 decaliters. 
 
 Hectogram, 
 
 . 100 . . hectometers, . . loo . 
 
 . hectoliters. 
 
 Kilogram, 
 
 . 1000 . . kilometers, . . looo . 
 
 kiloliters. 
 
 I gram, . 
 
 • 15-432 grains, i meter, . . 39.37 inches. 
 
 
 I liter, . . 2.1 13 pints. 
 
 
26 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 27 
 
 Instead, however, of writing out in full the pre- 
 fixes of the units, we employ the decimal system 
 entirely; thus: 
 
 2 or 21 . 
 
 .125 " I125 
 
 .025 " 025 
 
 The whole numbers always signify grams and cubic 
 centimeters, according to the symbol at the top; 
 thus: gm. and c. c. If, however, there is no sym- 
 bol, then all the ingredients — liquid and solid — are 
 supposed to be weighed out in grams. Thus the 
 above amounts would equal 2 grams ; j^^-^ of a 
 gram or 123^ centigrams; yMu ^^ ^ gram or 2}4 
 centigrams or 25 milligrams. 
 
 Although it is sufficient to merely indicate the 
 decimals by a point, as in the first example, in writing 
 prescriptions it is policy to always use the line, as 
 shown in the second example, so as to leave no 
 possible room for doubt, as a spot in the paper may 
 be mistaken for the point, and this would, of course, 
 multiply or divide the result, possibly ten, possibly 
 a hundred, fold. 
 
 For all practical purposes, and for converting 
 apothecaries' weight into the metric, and vice versa, 
 a gram may be considered equal to 15 or 16 grains, 
 using that number which divides or multiplies most 
 easily. Except in cases of poisons, alkaloids, and 
 very powerful drugs, where it is well to consider that 
 i5f grains equal i gram. 
 
28 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 29 
 
 Likewise, with the liquid preparations, either 15 
 or i6 minims may be considered equivalent to one 
 cubic centimeter. 
 
 The fluidram may be said to equal 4 c. c. The 
 dram to equal 4 grams. The fluidounce may be 
 considered as equivalent to 30 or 32 c. c. ; and the 
 ounce, 30 or 32 grams. The liter is equal to 2. 113 
 pints. 
 
 / It will be seen that the table for liquids is com- 
 puted for water at 4° C. ; and, consequently, to be 
 strictly accurate, allowance would have to be made 
 for the weight of all the liquid preparations compared 
 to that of water. Thus, the dose of all liquids lighter 
 than water: e. g., alcohol, ether, the tinctures, etc., 
 would be slightly less ; the dose of heavier liquids : 
 e. g., the syrups, glycerites, decoctions, etc., would be 
 larger in order to be absolutely correct. But prac- 
 tically the difference is so small that in most, if not 
 all, cases it may be discarded. 
 
 Takle to Convert Metric into Apothecaries' Weight, 
 AND Vice Versa. 
 I grain = .06 gram. 
 J^j zi= 20 grains = 1.2 grams. 
 3J = 60 - :^ 4. 
 ^j = 480 " =30. or 32 grams. 
 I TT\^ --= .06 C. C. 
 
 f,:5J= 60 n\, =4. 
 
 f I J = 480 Tl\^ = 30. or 32 c. c. 
 
 It will be seen that the figures do not accord ex- 
 
3© FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 3 1 
 
 actly with the results of multiplication, but we even 
 them up in order to obviate the fractions. 
 
 I. gram = 15. or 1 6 grains. 
 .1 " =: 1.5 grains. 
 ,01 " = .15 grain. 
 
 I. c. c. = 16. rT\^. 
 .1 c. c. = 1.6 TT\^. 
 .01 c. c. =r .16 n\,. 
 
32 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 33 
 
 Table for Converting Apothecaries' Weight into the 
 Metric System, and Vic^ Versa. 
 
 Solids. 
 
 Liquids. 
 
 Apothecaries'. 
 
 Metric. 
 
 Apothecaries'. 
 
 Metric. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 Grams. 
 
 Minims. 
 
 Grms andC.C. 
 
 -il 
 
 .001 
 
 I 
 
 .06 
 
 i^ 
 
 .0015 
 
 2 
 
 
 12 
 
 h 
 
 .002 
 
 3 
 
 
 18 
 
 i'. 
 
 •003 
 
 4 
 
 
 24 
 
 tV 
 
 .004 
 
 5 
 
 
 3 
 
 t\ 
 
 .005 
 
 6 
 
 
 36 
 
 -h 
 
 .006 
 
 7 
 
 
 42 
 
 \ 
 
 .008 
 
 8 
 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 .016 
 
 9 
 
 
 55 
 
 i 
 
 .02 
 
 10 
 
 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 •03 
 
 12 
 
 
 72 
 
 I 
 
 .065 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 .013 
 
 20 
 
 I 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 .2 
 
 25 
 
 I 
 
 55 
 
 4 
 
 .26 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 •32 
 
 50 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 lO 
 
 .65 
 
 
 
 
 ^5 
 
 I. 
 
 (f3)6o 
 
 3 
 
 75 
 
 0)20 
 
 1-3 
 
 240 
 
 15 
 
 
 30 
 
 1-95 
 
 (f.l)48o 
 
 30 
 
 
 (5)60 
 
 3-75 
 
 
 
 (5)480 
 
 30- 
 
 
 
34 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 METHOD OF WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS.— 
 CONVERSION OF APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT 
 AND MEASURE INTO THE METRIC SYSTEM, 
 AND VICE VERSA. 
 
 The proper, as well as the quickest and safest, way 
 to write a prescription is to put down the names of the 
 ingredients intended to be used ; then determine the 
 number of doses to be given in toto ; and, finally, 
 after multiplying the individual dose of each ingre- 
 dient by the number of doses, put the corresponding 
 amount opposite each drug. 
 
 Example : If we wish to write for the compound 
 cathartic pill of the United States Pharmacopeia : 
 
 Gm, 
 
 8. 
 
 6. 
 
 3. 
 
 15- 
 
 K . Extract! colocynthidis compositi, . . , 
 
 Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, 
 
 Extract! jalapoe, , 
 
 CambogJEe, , 
 
 Aquae, quantum sufficiat. 
 M. Ft. pilulse No. x. 
 
 Having decided to give 10 pills, and deciding the 
 single dose of colocynth to be 8 centigrams, we 
 multiply 8 centigrams by 10, equaling 8 decigrams, 
 which we put opposite the colocynth. 
 
 The single dose of calomel we are going to give 
 35 
 
36 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 37 
 
 being 6 centigrams, we multiply this by lo, equaling 
 6 decigrams, which we then place opposite its line, 
 and so on. 
 
 The quantities of the drugs in metric prescriptions 
 are expressed always in the Arabic numerals; while 
 in the apothecaries' weight we use the Roman numer- 
 als, except in the case of fractions, where, for greater 
 accuracy, we use ordinary figures; or in cases where 
 a large or ordinarily poisonous dose is intended we 
 may place the Arabic numeral in parenthesis along- 
 side the Roman, in order to assure the druggist that 
 a large amount is intended ; thus f giij (3). 
 
 For converting apothecaries' weight into the metric, 
 or vice versa, reference to the table at the end 
 of chapter iii will obviate the necessity of multi- 
 plication and division. It is, however, advisable, 
 for the sake of practice, that the student convert 
 several prescriptions without the table, in order to be 
 familiar with the method and able at any time to 
 convert one table into the other. For example, 
 to convert the following into the metric system : 
 
 For John Smith. 
 Jjt . Pulveris extract! glycyrrhizae, 
 
 " acacise, aa gr. viij. 
 
 " sacchari, gr. x. 
 
 " kino, gr. ij. 
 
 Spiritus aromatici, TT\^v. 
 
 Mellis despumati, q. s. 
 M. Ft. raassa, in pilulas numero triginta dividenda. 
 SiGNA. — One after meals. 
 601 Lancet Ave., Nov. ij, i8g6. John Medicus, M.D. 
 
38 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 39 
 
 Considering i gram to equal i6 grains (see chap. 
 Ill) we find the first and second ingredients to equal 
 ^ of a gram, which we would write | 5. The third 
 equals i| = |- or | 625 grams or 62^ centigrams. 
 
 The fourth equals -^^ = i or | 125 grams or 12^ 
 centigrams. The last quantity, 5 rri, would be ex- 
 pressed in cubic centimeters, and as we may count 
 either 15 or 16 minims as equaling i c. c, we will 
 take 15 ; therefore, we would have j\ or ^ of acubic 
 centimeter or 3J cubic decometers, written | 33. 
 
 The body of the prescription then would read : 
 
 R . Pulveris extracti glycyrrhizae, 
 '* acacise, aa 
 
 *' sacchari, 
 " kino, 
 Spiritus aroraatici, 
 Mellis despumati, q. s. 
 
 5 
 625 
 
 125 
 33 
 
 Or, vice versa, to convert the following into apothe- 
 caries' weight : 
 
 For Sam Small. 
 ISt . Potassii bromidi, 15 
 
 Antipyrin, 7 5 
 
 Acidi arsenosi, 06 
 
 M. Fiant pulveres numero viginti. 
 Sign A.— One at bedtime. 
 1428 Edgely St., AToz'. /j, /8g6. Thos. Jones, M.D. 
 
 Now, I gram equals 15 or 16 grains; 15 (grams) X 
 16 (grains) = 240 ; 240 grains -^ 60 (the number of 
 grains in a dram) = 4 ; consequently the total is ^iv. 
 
40 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 4I 
 
 The second ingredient calls for 7.5 grams : 'j^ (grams) 
 X 16 (grains)^ 120; 120 (grains) -f- 60 (grains in 
 a dram) = 2, hence ^ij. The third quantity: .06 
 grams or 6 centigrams = y|-g- grams X 16 (the num- 
 ber of grains in a gram) = j^®^ ; practically, i grain. 
 Of course, there is a difference of y^^ grains, but as 
 there are 20 doses, the difference in each dose would 
 be but 2^0 of a grain, which is insignificant and may 
 bp disregarded. In fact, it is the rule in transposing 
 from one system to another, to always even up the 
 amounts: unless the drug is extremely potent, it will 
 be found that the difference one way or the other will 
 be too small to be of practical import. And the 
 prescription then would read : 
 
 For Sam Small. 
 
 R . Potassii bromidi, ^ iv. 
 
 Antipyrin, ^ij. 
 
 Acidi arsenosi, gr. j. 
 M. Fiant pulveres numero viginti. 
 SiGNA. — One at bedtime. 
 
 1428 Edgely St., aw. 75, /8g6. Thos. Jonks, M.I). 
 
42 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTION OF 
 PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 Latin is the language par excellence for prescrip- 
 tions. Although the physician may use English or 
 any other language if he sees fit, the arguments in 
 favor of Latin far outweigh any which may be 
 brought against it. 
 
 First, it is a ''dead" language, does not undergo 
 any change, and words expressed in Latin are under- 
 stood all over the civilized world, whereas if we 
 wrote prescrip^tions only in the current tongue, spe- 
 cial knowledge of that language would be necessary 
 to translate it into any other language. The com- 
 prehension, however, of even a very moderate 
 amount of Latin enables us to understand a pre- 
 scription written in any of the civilized countries. 
 Latin is the universal language of science, — the 
 botanic and chemic names of all our remedies are 
 in Latin. 
 
 When we express the name of a drug in Latin it 
 
 refers distinctly and positively to only one drug, 
 
 whereas the English word may include a number 
 
 of drugs entirely different from one another. Thus, 
 
 43 
 
44 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 45 
 
 cimicifuga means only the cimicifuga racemosa, 
 whereas the English name '*snakeroot" is applied 
 to numerous plants, each differing according to its 
 habitat. If we write Indian hemp, either apocynum 
 cannabinum or cannabis indica may be dispensed. 
 Wintergreen may mean either chimaphila or gaul- 
 theria. 
 
 Checkerberry may mean either uva ursi or gaul- 
 theria. 
 
 In any or all such cases the drug dispensed may 
 have directly opposite effect on the patient from that 
 desired, and not alone may it be inert, but it may 
 be positively harmful, if not disastrous. 
 
 Again, there is a certain prejudice against the use of 
 certain drugs, — as mercury and iodid of potassium, — 
 and should the prescription be in English the patient 
 may refuse to take it. 
 
 Again, it is sometimes desirable that a patient 
 should not know the exact nature of the drugs he 
 is taking, or he may wish to take our prescription to 
 a foreign country. In either case Latin fulfils all 
 requirements. 
 
 The directions to the patient, however, should 
 invariably be written in English. There is abso- 
 lutely no valid reason why he should not read them ; 
 if they be written in Latin, should the patient forget 
 the instructions — and patients are often singularly 
 negligent in this respect — he would be at a loss how 
 to take the remedy, and at what times. 
 
46 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPI'ION WRITING. 
 
 47 
 
 A certain rudimentary knowledge of Latin is 
 necessary in order to write a proper prescription. 
 The following few simple rules are indispensable : 
 
 1. The names of the drugs are always in the 
 genitive if the quantity is expressed (governed by 
 the R (take) amount of^. 
 
 2. If no quantity is expressed, but a numeral ad- 
 jective follows, the noun is always in the accusative. 
 
 3. The quantities are always in the accusative, 
 governed by the imperative recipe (take). 
 
 4. Adjectives agree with their nouns in number, 
 gender, and case. 
 
 Verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and ad- 
 verbs undergo no change, the principal ones 
 being : 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 Abbrevia 
 
 Recipe, 
 
 . . R, . 
 
 Misce, . . 
 
 . . . M., . 
 
 Sii^na, . . 
 
 . . . Sig., 
 
 Fiat, . . 
 
 . . Ft., . 
 
 Fiant, . . 
 
 . . .Ft., . 
 
 Adde, . . 
 
 . . Add., 
 
 Bulliat, . 
 
 . Bull, 
 
 Cola, . . 
 
 . . .Col., 
 
 Divide, 
 
 . . . Div., 
 
 Macera, 
 
 . . Mac. , 
 
 Repetatur, 
 
 . . Rep., 
 
 Solve, . . 
 
 . . Sol., . 
 
 Sufficit, 
 
 . Suf., . 
 
 Tere, . . 
 
 . . Ten, 
 
 English. 
 . take. 
 
 . mix, or mix thou. 
 . mark or label. 
 . let (it) be made. 
 . let (them) be made. 
 . add. 
 . let IxmI. 
 . strain. 
 . divide. 
 . macerate. 
 . repeat. 
 . dissolve. 
 . it suffices. 
 . rub. 
 
48 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRiriNO. 49 
 
 Prepositions, etc. 
 
 Cum, with. 
 
 In, in, into. 
 
 Ad, to, up to. 
 
 Et, and. 
 
 Ana, aa, of each. 
 
 FIRST DECLENSION. 
 All pharmacopeial nouns ending in a belong to 
 the first declension, are feminine gender, and are 
 declined as follows, except aspidosperma, physo- 
 stigma, and folia (plural) : 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 Norn., gutta (a drop), -a. Gutt<? (drops), -se. 
 
 Gen., gutt^ (of a drop),-ae. Guttarum (of drops), -arum. 
 
 Ace, gutt^;// (a drop), -am. Gutt^j (drops), -as. 
 
 The stem (^gutt) remains unchanged, and if the 
 case-endings are committed to memory there will be 
 no trouble in declining any noun. 
 
 (Aspidosperma and physostigma change to 
 aspidospermatis and physostigmatis in the 
 genitive. Folia (leaves) is plural ; genitive, foli- 
 orum.) 
 
 Two pharmacopeial nouns of the first declension 
 end in e ; e.g.^ aloe and mastiche. The case-end- 
 ings in the singular are: Nom., e ; gen., es ; ace, en. 
 The plural is like that of gufta. 
 
 SECOND DECLENSION. 
 All pharmacopeial nouns ending in us (except 
 Rhus spiritus, quercus, and fructus — fourth 
 
50 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 5 1 
 
 declension) belong to the second declension. They 
 are nearly all masculine, declined thus : 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 yVi?w., syrupwj (asyrup), -us. Syrupz (syrups), -i. 
 
 Gen. , syrup/ (of a syrup), -i. Syrup<?rw// (of syrups), -orum. 
 
 Ace, syrup«/// (a syrup), -um. Syrup^^ (syrups), -os. 
 
 All pharmacopeial nouns ending in um are neuter, 
 of second declension, and are declined thus : 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 iVi?/;/., acetw;// (a vinegar), -um. Acet« (vinegars), -a. 
 Gen., acet? (of a vinegar), -i. Acetoru/u (of vinegars), 
 
 -orum. 
 Ace, SLcetum (a vinegar), -um. Acet^; (vinegars), -a. 
 
 Rhus changes to Rhois. 
 
 THIRD DECLENSION. 
 All declinable pharmacopeial nouns whose nomin- 
 ative ends otherwise than in a, us, and um, are 
 (except aloes, mastiche, eriodictyon, hsema- 
 toxylon, and toxicodendron) of the third declen- 
 sion. They are declined like liquor. Digitalis, 
 however, does not change the genitive. Nouns 
 ending in as change to atis ; as, acetas, acetatis ; * 
 carbonas, carbonatis ; sulphas, sulphatis, etc. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 Xo/n., liquor (a solution). lA(\\xoxes (solution), -es. 
 
 Gcii., liquor/j (of a solution), Liquorw/w (of solutions), -um. 
 
 -is. 
 
 Ace, liquor<?w (a solution), Liquor^'.y (of solutions), -es. 
 
 * See note at end of chapter. 
 
52 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 53 
 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 
 om.y anthemis, 
 
 Gen. 
 
 , anthemidis. 
 
 " cortex, 
 
 
 corticis. 
 
 " pepo, 
 
 
 peponis. 
 
 '♦ phosphis, 
 
 
 phosphitis. 
 
 " sulphis, 
 
 
 sulphitis. 
 
 " raucilago, 
 
 
 mucilaginis. 
 
 " solidago, 
 
 
 solidagmis. 
 
 " colocynth, 
 
 
 colocynthidis 
 
 " hcematoxylon 
 
 , " 
 
 h?ematoxyli. 
 
 " radix, 
 
 
 radicis. 
 
 " semen, 
 
 
 seminis. 
 
 FOURTH DECLENSION. 
 
 We employ only three nouns of the fourth declen- 
 sion ; they are: Fructus, spiritus (masculine), 
 and quercus (feminine), which are declined thus: 
 
 Singular. 
 Nom.y spiritwj (a spirit), -us. 
 Gen., spirit^w (of a spirit), 
 
 -us. 
 Acc.y spirit^;// (a spirit), -um. Spiritz^j (spirits), 
 
 Plural. 
 Spiritwj (spirits), -us. 
 
 SpiritwMw (of spirits), -uum. 
 
 The ablative case is used only after cum (with) ; 
 
 as : 
 
 Cum creta (with chalk). 
 <' cake (with lime). 
 " ferro (with iron). 
 ** semisse (with a half), etc. 
 
54 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 55 
 
 The following nouns are indeclinable. The geni- 
 tive does not change : 
 
 Amy]. 
 
 Elixir. 
 
 Pyrogallol. 
 
 Azedarach. 
 
 Eucalyptol. 
 
 Quebracho. 
 
 Buchu. 
 
 Hydronaphthol. 
 
 Salol. 
 
 Cajuputi. 
 
 Kino. 
 
 Sassafras. 
 
 Catechu. 
 
 Matico. 
 
 Sumbul. 
 
 Cusso. 
 
 Menthol. 
 
 Thymol. 
 
 Diachylon, 
 
 Naphthol. 
 
 Ichthyol. 
 
 Digitalis. 
 
 Phenol. 
 
 lodol, etc. 
 
 Although we practically always express the quanti- 
 ties by means of the Roman numerals, should they 
 be written out they are always in the accusative, 
 formed as follows : 
 
 1. Nouns of quantity ending in a are feminine 
 and have the accusative singular end in am ; plural, 
 as; thus, drachma, accusative singular drachmam ; 
 plural, drachmas. Uncia, accusative singular unciam ; 
 plural, uncias. 
 
 2. Those ending in us or um have the accusative 
 singular end in um; accusative plural of us is os, 
 and of um is a: thus: 
 
 
 Accusative singular. 
 
 Accusative plural. 
 
 Congius, 
 
 Congium, 
 
 Congios. 
 
 Minimum, 
 
 Minimum, 
 
 Minima. 
 
 Adjectives are declined like nouns and agree 
 with them in gender, number, and case. 
 
 If the adjective is of the same declension as the 
 
56 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 57 
 
 noun, naturally the genitive will be the same. If, 
 however, it is of a different declension, its genitive 
 must be formed according to that declension. 
 
 To illustrate: Suppose we desire to change the 
 following recipe into unabbreviated Latin — 
 
 Take of chlorid of ammonium, three drams ; 
 
 *' " compound mixture of licorice, two fluidounces. 
 Mix, and label teaspoonful three times a day. 
 
 Thos. Leidy, M. D. 
 For John Owens, Nov. yj, i8g6. 
 
 For "take of" we write R. In Latin, chlorid of am- 
 monium is termed amfnonii chloridum ; but the direc- 
 tions are to take three drams ^chlorid of ammonium. 
 Consequently, it must be written in the genitive, 
 ammonii chloridi. The accusative plural of dram is 
 drachmas ; the accusative plural of three is tres ; hence, 
 drachmas tres. Compound mixture of licorice in 
 Latin is termed 7nisiura glycyrrhizce composita ; but the 
 direction states take of the compound mixture of 
 licorice. We already have of licorice in the phrase; 
 hence, glycyrrhizce is already in the genitive, but 
 mistura and composita are not ; they are, according 
 to our table, of the first declension, and consequently 
 form the genitive by changing a to se ; hence, mis- 
 tiirce glycyrrhizce compositce. Then the accusative 
 plural o{ uncia would be uncias ; that of duo^ duas — 
 fluiduncias duas. For mix we write wisce ; for label, 
 5 
 
58 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 59 
 
 signa; for three times a day, /. /. d. Therefore, in 
 Latin the prescription would read : 
 
 li , Ammonii chloridi, drachmas tres. 
 
 Misturae glycyrrhizse compositge, fluiduncias duas. 
 Misce. Signa. — Teaspoonful, t. i. d. 
 
 Thos. Leidy, M. D. 
 For John Owens, Nov. jj, i8g6. 
 
 Note. — The salts of the metals generally ending in as 
 change to atis in the genitive, thus : 
 
 Nommative. Genitive. 
 
 Acetas, Acetatis. 
 
 Bicarbonas, Bicarbonatis. 
 
 Carbonas, Carbonatis. 
 
 Citras, Citratis. 
 
 Phosphas, Phosphatis. 
 
 Sulphas, Sulphatis. 
 
 Tartras, . . . . • Tartra'is, etc. 
 
6o FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 DIRECTIONS TO THE APOTHECARY.— LATIN 
 PHRASES AND THEIR ABBREVIATIONS.— 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 ' As we desire to give brief directions to the apothe- 
 cary, there have come into use a number of Latin 
 phrases and words which, however, are generally 
 abbreviated as follows : 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Abbreviatii 
 
 ms. English. 
 
 Acidum, . . . 
 
 . . acid., . 
 
 . an acid. 
 
 Ad, 
 
 . . ad, . . 
 
 . to, up to. 
 
 Ad libitum, . . 
 
 . . ad lib., . 
 
 . . at pleasure. 
 
 Adde, .... 
 
 . . add., . 
 
 . add (thou). 
 
 Ana, . . . .. 
 
 . . A., aa. . 
 
 . of each. 
 
 Aqua bulliens, 
 
 . . aq. bul., 
 
 . water, boiling. 
 
 Aqua destillata, 
 
 . aq. dest., 
 
 . water, distilled. 
 
 Bene, .... 
 
 
 . well. 
 
 Bis in dies, . . 
 
 . . bis in d., 
 
 . . twice a day. 
 
 Bulliat, . . . 
 
 . . bull., . 
 
 . boil. 
 
 Cape, capiat, . 
 
 . . cap., . 
 
 . take. 
 
 Capsula, . . . 
 
 . . caps., 
 
 . capsule. 
 
 Ceratum, . . 
 
 , . cerat., . 
 
 . a cerate. 
 
 Chartula, . . . 
 
 . . chart., . 
 
 . a paper for powder 
 
 Cochleare magnu 
 
 m, coch. mag. 
 
 , . tablespoon. 
 
 Cochleare parvur 
 
 n, coch. parv 
 
 , teaspoon. 
 
 Cola, .... 
 
 . . col., . . 
 
 . strain. 
 
 Collyrium, . , 
 
 . . collyr., . 
 
 . eye-wash. 
 
 6i 
 
62 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 63 
 
 
 Latin. Abbreviations. English. 
 Collutorium, . . . collut. , . . . mouth-wash. 
 
 
 Compositus, 
 Congius, . . 
 Confectio, 
 
 
 . comp. , CO. 
 . C, . . . 
 . conf., . . 
 
 . compound. 
 . gallon. 
 . confection. 
 
 
 Cortex, . . 
 
 
 . cort., . . 
 
 . bark. 
 
 
 Cum, . . . 
 
 
 
 . with. 
 
 
 Decoctum, . 
 
 
 . decoc. , 
 
 . a decoction. 
 
 
 Dimidius, 
 
 
 . dim , . . 
 
 . one-half. 
 
 ■ 
 
 Divide, . . 
 
 'Dividendus, 
 
 
 . d., div., . 
 . dividend., 
 
 . divide (thou), 
 to be divided. 
 
 •. 
 
 Dividatur in 
 
 pa 
 
 rtes 
 
 
 ' 
 
 aequales, . 
 Emplastrum, 
 Extende supra 
 Fac, fiat 
 
 
 . d. in p. se. 
 . emp. , . 
 . ex. sup., 
 . F.. . . 
 
 , . divide in equal parts. 
 . a plaster. 
 . spread upon. 
 . make, let be made. 
 
 
 Fiant, . . . 
 
 
 , F., . . 
 
 , let them be made. 
 
 ' 
 
 Filtrum, filtra, 
 
 
 .fil., . . 
 
 . a filter, filter (v). 
 
 . 
 
 Gargarisma, 
 Gutta, guttae, 
 Guttatim, . . 
 Haustus, . . 
 Hora, . . . 
 
 
 . garg., . 
 . gtt., . . 
 . guttat., , 
 . haust., . 
 
 . a gargle. 
 
 . drop, drops. 
 
 . drop by drop. 
 
 . a draught. 
 
 . an hour. 
 
 . daily. 
 
 . like (used with genitive). 
 
 . milk. 
 
 
 In dies, . . 
 Instar, . . . 
 Lac. . , . 
 
 
 . in d., . 
 . inst. , . . 
 
 
 Lagena, . . 
 
 
 
 . a bottle. 
 
 
 Libra, . . . 
 Liquor, . . 
 Lotio, . . . 
 
 
 . lb., Lb., 
 
 liq., . . 
 . lot. , . . 
 
 . pound (Troy). 
 . solution. 
 . lotion. 
 
 
 Massa 
 
 
 mass 
 
 pill mass 
 
 
 Mica panis, . 
 
 
 . . mic. pan. , 
 . . M., . . 
 
 . crumbof bread. 
 
 . 
 
 Mucilago, 
 
 
 . . mucil., . 
 
 . . a mucilage. 
 
 
64 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 65 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Abbreviat 
 
 'ons. English. 
 
 Numerus, nuniero, . No.. . , 
 
 . . number, in number. 
 
 Octarius, . . . 
 
 . .0, . . 
 
 . . pint. 
 
 Ovum, ovi, . . 
 
 . . ov., . . 
 
 • . eefpf. 
 
 Pars, . . . 
 
 par. , 
 
 . a part of. 
 
 Partes sequales, 
 
 . . p. K., . 
 
 . . equal parts. 
 
 Pediluvium, 
 
 
 foot-bath. 
 
 Per fistulam vitream, .... 
 
 . . through a glass tube. 
 
 Phila, .... 
 
 . . phil., . 
 
 . a vial. 
 
 Pilula, .... 
 
 . . pil.. 
 
 . a pill. 
 
 Pro re nata, . . 
 
 . . p. r. n., 
 
 . as required. 
 
 Pulvis, .... 
 
 . pulv. , 
 
 a powder. 
 
 Quantum sufficiat 
 
 , . q. s., . 
 
 . sufficient quantity of 
 genitive after). 
 
 Quaqua hora, . 
 
 . .q.h., . 
 
 . every hour. 
 
 Saturatus, . , 
 
 . . sat., . . 
 
 , saturated. 
 
 Scatula, . . . 
 
 . scat., . 
 
 . a box. 
 
 Semissis, semisse. 
 
 . ss. , ... . 
 
 . one-half. 
 
 Sesuncia, . . . 
 
 . sesunc, . 
 
 . an ounce and a half. 
 
 Signa, 
 
 .S.,Sig., . 
 
 . sign, label. 
 
 Sine, 
 
 
 . without. 
 
 Solve, 
 
 . solv., . , 
 
 . dissolve. 
 
 Statim, 
 
 . Stat., . . 
 
 . at once. 
 
 Talis, 
 
 . tal., . . . 
 
 . such. 
 
 Tritura, .... 
 
 . trit., . . . 
 
 . triturate. 
 
 Tere simul, , . . 
 
 . ter. sim., . 
 
 . rub together. 
 
 Tere exactissime, 
 
 . ter. exact.. 
 
 . rub finely. 
 
 Ter in die, . . 
 
 . t. i. d., . 
 
 . three times a day. 
 
 Vehiculum, . . , 
 
 . vehic, . . 
 
 . vehicle. 
 
 Vitellus, .... 
 
 . vit , . . , 
 
 . yolk, of egg. 
 
 Although it is perfectly allowable to use the above 
 abbreviations, the names of drugs should never be 
 abbreviated if. there is any likelihood of one drug 
 
66 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTKS. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 67 
 
 being taken for another. In fact, it is better always 
 to write out the names of the drugs in full, as the 
 many disastrous results which have already been 
 caused by abbreviating have no need of increase. 
 
 Thus, acid, hydroc, may mean either hydro- 
 chloric or hydrocyanic acid; ext. col., may mean 
 extractum colchici or extractum colocynthidis ; 
 hydra, chlor., either chloral hydrate or chlorid of 
 mercury (hydrargyrum), etc. 
 
 NUMERALS 
 Are all indeclinable except unus, duo, tres, mille, 
 and the hundreds (100, 200, etc.). 
 
 20, viginti. 
 30, triginta. , 
 
 1, unus. 
 
 2, duo, 
 
 3, tres. 
 
 4, quatuor. 
 
 5, quinque. 
 
 6, sex. 
 
 7, septem. 
 
 8, octo. 
 
 9, novem. 
 
 10, decern. 
 
 11, undecim. 
 
 12, duodecim. 
 
 13, tredecim 
 
 14, quatuordecim. 
 
 15, quindecim. 
 
 16, sexdecim. 
 
 17, septendecini. 
 
 18, octodecim. 
 
 19, novendecim. 
 
 40, quadraginta. 
 
 50, quinquaginta. 
 
 60, sexaginta. 
 
 70, septuaginta. 
 
 80, octoginta. 
 
 90, nonaginta. 
 100, centum. 
 200, ducenti. 
 300, trecenti. 
 400, quadringenti. 
 500^ quingenti. 
 600, sexcenti. 
 700, septingenti. 
 800, octingenti. 
 900, nongenti. 
 1,000, mille. 
 10,000, decemniille. 
 
68 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 69 
 
 Unum, duo, and tres are thus declined 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 iVom., unus, 
 
 una, 
 
 unum. 
 
 Gen. , unius, 
 
 unius. 
 
 unius. 
 
 All-. , unum, 
 
 unam, 
 
 unum. 
 
 Notn. , duo, 
 
 duae, 
 
 duo. 
 
 Gen , duorum, 
 
 duarum, 
 
 duorura 
 
 Ace, duos, 
 
 duas, 
 
 duo. 
 
 Norn., tres. 
 
 tres, 
 
 tria. 
 
 Gen , trium, 
 
 trium, 
 
 trium. 
 
 Ace, tres, 
 
 tres. 
 
 tria. 
 
70 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
CHAPTER Vir. 
 ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 Medicines may be given : 
 
 1. By enema (per rectum, dose about one-third 
 larger than by the mouth). 
 
 2. By hypodermic injection (subcutaneously, 
 dose about one-third less than by the mouth). 
 
 3. By the mouth (this method employs the 
 officinal doses). 
 
 4. Epidermically (by means of friction of the 
 skin after local application). 
 
 5. Endermically (after denudation of the skin 
 by a blister). 
 
 6. Enepidermically (direct application to skin). 
 
 7. Insufflation and vaporization (usually to 
 respiratory tract only). 
 
 8. Intravenously (rarely used). 
 
 As a rule, the doses stated are intended for adults. 
 In order to employ the same remedies for children 
 several rules have been proposed, viz. : 
 
 1. De Young's Rule. — Divide the age by the age -\- 
 12, and divide the adult dose by the result. 
 
 2. Cowling's Rule. — Divide the age at next birth- 
 day by 24. 
 
 71 
 
72 FOR- THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 73 
 
 3. Clark: s Rule. — This rule assumes the average 
 weight of a normal adult to be about 150 pounds. 
 To find the dose for a person weighing less than that, 
 divide the dose by the weight divided by 150. 
 Thus: For a child weighing 25 pounds, the dose 
 would be -j2^^^, or y^ of the adult dose. This method, 
 although on a more scientific base than the others, is 
 not often used. 
 
 To illustrate De Young's and Cowling's rules : Sup- 
 posing the adult dose of a drug to be one dram ; 
 for a child three years of age we would divide 3 by 
 3 -j- 1 2 = Y^- or |- ; hence, this dose would be 12 
 grains. According to Cowling's rule, we divide 4 
 by 24 = 5^, which equals 10 grains in the above 
 case. 
 
 These results are accurate enough for use in all 
 those drugs which are normally well borne by 
 children ; it must be borne in mind, however, that 
 some drugs are very poorly borne by children, — for 
 example, morphine, etc., — while of others, — for ex- 
 ample, mercury, — children will often bear well 
 amounts disproportionate to their age and weight. 
 
 Doses will also be modified by the general nutri- 
 tion and vital resistance of the patient, sex (males 
 bear larger doses than females), previous habits 
 (alcoholic, opium, cocain, etc.), previous mode of 
 living, idiosyncrasies, etc. 
 
 Some drugs may be taken for long periods of 
 time, but with others the system becomes tolerant and 
 
74 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 75 
 
 the dose must be increased to have the same, if any, 
 effect. 
 
 Again, other drugs — for example, digitalis — have 
 what is called a cumulative effect; i.e., when given 
 for too long a period of time the system seems to 
 store up the drug and there may suddenly be a 
 poisonous explosion, so to speak, in which the 
 poisonous character of the drug may become dis- 
 agreeably or even fatally manifest. 
 
76 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 COMBINATION OF MEDICINES. 
 
 Different medicines are combined in one mixture 
 in order to (i) increase the action of the base; (2) 
 correct any undesirable action of the base ; (3) to 
 meet more than one indication ; (4) to obtain the 
 combined effect of the ingredients ; (5) to add to the 
 ease of administration ; (6) to form new compounds. 
 
 The first, second, fourth, and fifth conditions ex- 
 plain themselves. 
 
 To illustrate the third : Suppose a patient suffers at 
 the same time with malaria and a cough or cold. By- 
 combining, say, quinine and a suitable expectorant, 
 we may control both conditions with one remedy. 
 
 To illustrate the sixth : We use daily the combina- 
 tion of potassium iodid and bichlorid of mercury, 
 this giving us the red iodid of mercury, etc. 
 
 Under this head, however, we must be careful to 
 employ no remedies which are incompatible with 
 one another. 
 
 By incompatibles we may mean any of three 
 classes of compounds, viz. : 
 
 I. Unsightly or poisonous mixtures (Pharmaceu- 
 tic Incompatibility). 
 
 77 
 
78 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 79 
 
 2. The formation of new compounds, or the de- 
 composition of the ingredients, which may cause the 
 remedy to become inert, poisonous, or explosive 
 (Chemic Incompatibility). 
 
 3. The combination of remedies having opposite 
 therapeutic effects (Physiologic Incompatibility). 
 
 Incompatibles of the first class include combina- 
 tions of oils, balsams, resins (or their alcoholic solu- 
 tions), tinctures (alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic), fluid 
 extracts (alcoholic), with aqueous solutions, or vice 
 versa. 
 
 The second class includes combinations of alka- 
 lies (hydrates and carbonates), with acids, oxidizers 
 (peroxids and peracids), with tannin, sugar, sulphur, 
 starch, and sulphids, glycerin, alcohols, and ether; 
 as, for instance, potassium chlorate, or potassium per- 
 manganate, with any of the above substances. 
 
 Metallic salts with acids, causing precipitation. 
 
 Mineral acids with carbonates, acetates, citrates, 
 and salts of the vegetable acids generally. 
 
 All alkaloids and their salts are incompatible with 
 tannic acid and all preparations containing it. 
 
 Alkaloid salts are incompatible with the alkalies 
 and many of their salts. 
 
 Fixed oils and oleoresins may only be employed 
 with water in the form of an emulsion. 
 
 Essential oils are soluble in water only to the 
 extent of n^^j to f5J. 
 
 Physiologic incompatibility would include those 
 
So FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 8l 
 
 compounds containing drugs liaving opposite actions ; 
 as, for instance, a large amount of caffein to keep 
 the patient awake and a correspondingly large 
 amount of opium to put him to sleep. 
 
 The following combinations, which might be de- 
 sirable from a therapeutic standpoint, are incompat- 
 ible: 
 
 Ammonium carbonate, with syrup of squill^ 
 (which contains acetic acid). The salts of the heavy 
 metals, iron^ jnercury, magnesium, etc., and the alka- 
 line earths, lime, etc., are incompatible with arsenic. 
 For example : Lime-water, with the tincture of 
 chlorid of iron, solutions of mercurial salts, etc. 
 Liquor potassium arsenitis, with lime-water, 
 etc. 
 
 Belladonna and Atropin. — Alkalies precipitate 
 atropin from solutions of belladonna. Tannic acid 
 forms an insoluble tannate with atropin. 
 
 lodin and the iodids are incompatible with acids 
 and their salts, and form a heavy insoluble iodid with 
 most alkaloids, which settles to the bottom of the 
 bottle, and so there may be taken in one dose the 
 amount intended for a number of doses. Also in- 
 compatible with soluble metallic salts. 
 
 Iron, or its preparations, form insoluble precipi- 
 tates with tannic acid in any form. Hence we can 
 use only the simple bitters and never any of the vege- 
 table preparations containing tannic acid in combi- 
 nation therewith. 
 
82 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 8^ 
 
 Mercury. — Calomel is converted into corro- 
 sive sublimate when combined with hydrochloric 
 or nitro-hydrochloric acid, the chlorids, and most of 
 the coal-tars (phenacetin, antipyrin, etc.). Corro- 
 sive sublimate is extremely easily decomposed, and 
 iodiit changes green mercurous iodid into the 
 more active red iodid. 
 
 Nux Vomica. — Strychnine in solution forms 
 'with potassium iodid a precipitate which carries all the 
 strychnia to the bottom of the bottle, rendering one 
 liable to take the whole amount in one dose. (Death 
 has been caused by this combination.) 
 
 Opium, Morphine. — Alkalies precipitate mor- 
 phin from solutions of opium. Tannic acid forms 
 the very slowly soluble tannate of morphin. 
 
 Pepsin, Ingluvin, etc. — Alcohol destroys their 
 active properties, as do alkalies. Acids aid their 
 action if diluted. 
 
 Quinine, cinchona. — Alkalies precipitate alka- 
 loids of cinchona. Tannic, gallic, and tartaric acids 
 form insoluble compounds with them. 
 
 Tannic acid and preparations containing it are 
 incompatible with all alkaloids and preparations 
 containing alkaloids; with iron and preparations 
 containing it. 
 
84 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Pharmacology is sometimes defined to mean 
 the action of drugs on the tissues of the living 
 organism; /.<?., physiologic action. It is also 
 sometimes supposed to include materia medica, 
 pharmacy, and therapeutics. 
 
 Materia medica treats of all the substances, 
 either natural or artificial, used in the practice of 
 medicine. The University of Pennsylvania re- 
 quires : 
 
 1. English name. 
 
 2. Scientific name. 
 
 3. Physical characteristics. 
 
 4. Chemic constituents. 
 
 5. Incompatibles. 
 
 6. Antidotes. 
 
 7. Preparations, United States Pharmacopeia. 
 
 8. Doses (crude drug and its preparations). 
 
 9. Adulterations, etc. 
 10. Habitat. 
 
 8s 
 
86 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA, 87 
 
 Pharmacy is the science of preparing, com- 
 pounding, and dispensing medicines. 
 
 Therapeutics is the study of the action of medi- 
 cines in health and disease. 
 
 A pharmacopeia contains explicit directions for 
 the preparation of medicines, insuring uniformity 
 of strength, action, and nomenclature. It may be 
 officinal (United States) or official. An official 
 pharmacopeia is one sanctioned by the Govern- 
 ment; whereas, in the United States it is not sanc- 
 tioned by the Government but is revised every ten 
 years by representatives of the various recognized 
 schools of medicine, colleges of pharmacy, of the 
 Army and Navy Medical Corps, and of the Marine 
 Hospital Service. Such a pharmacopeia and its 
 preparations are called officinal. 
 
 The pharmacopeia does not recognize drugs pub- 
 lished under a private formula or whose manufacture 
 is restricted to one or more firms. 
 
 The dispensatory is much more explicit, giving 
 the physical and chemic history, mode of prepara- 
 tion, doses, and therapeutics of the various drugs, 
 and includes all remedies of whatever nature in- 
 tended to cure disease. 
 
 The principal dispensatories are the ** United 
 States Dispensatory" and the "National Dispensa- 
 tory." 
 
88 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 89 
 
 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Decocta (decoctions) are made by boiling the 
 crude drug in water. Useless if the active principle 
 is decomposed by heat or is volatile. If starch is 
 present in any amount it would decompose and thus 
 be useless. 
 
 The United States Pharmacopeia recognizes two : 
 
 Decoctum — Decoctum — 
 
 Cetrariae. Sarsaparillas compositum. 
 
 Infusa (infusions) are made by maceratingy per- 
 colating, or displacing the drug in hot or cold water 
 wit/tout hoiVmg. Officinal, four : 
 Infusum — Infusum — 
 
 Cinchonse. Pruni virginianae. 
 
 Digitalis. Sennae compositum. 
 
 Liquores (solutions) are solutions of active non- 
 volatile principles in water. Officinal, 24 : 
 Liquor — Liquor — 
 
 Acidi arsenosi. lodi compositus. 
 
 Ammonii acetatis. Magnesii citratis. 
 
 Arseni et hydrargyri iodidi. Plumbi subacetatis. 
 
 Calcis. Plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 Ferri acetatis. Potassae, 
 
 Ferri chloridi. Potassii arsenitis. 
 
 Ferri citratis. Potassii citratis. 
 
 Ferri et ammonii acetatis. Sodae. 
 
 P'erri nitratis. Sodae chloratae. 
 
 Ferri subsulphatis. Sodii arsenatis. 
 
 Ferri tersulphalis. Sodii silicatis. 
 
 Hydrargyri nitratis. Zinci chloridi. 
 7 
 
90 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Aquae (waters) are solutions of volatile principles 
 in'water. Officinal, i8: 
 
 Aqua — Aqua — 
 
 Ammonise. Cinnamomi. 
 
 Ammonise fortior. Creosoti. 
 
 Amygdalse amane. Destillata. 
 
 Anisi. Foeniculi. 
 
 Aurantii florum. Hydrogenii dioxidi. 
 
 Auranlii florum fortior. Menthse piperitse. 
 
 Camphorae. Menthae viridis. 
 
 Chlori. Rosse. 
 
 Chloroforrai. Rosse fortior. 
 
 S^irilus (spirits) are alcoholic solutions of volatile 
 principles. Officinal, 25 : 
 
 Spiritus — 
 
 Gaultherise. 
 
 Glonoini. 
 
 Juniperi. 
 
 Juniperi compositus. 
 
 Lavandulae. 
 
 Limonis. 
 
 Menthae piperitae. 
 
 Menthae viridis. 
 
 Myrciae. 
 
 Myristicse. 
 
 Phosphori. 
 
 Vini Gallici. 
 
 Spiritus — 
 ^theris. 
 
 ^Etheris compositus. 
 /Etheris nitrosi. 
 Ammoniae. 
 
 Ammoniae aromaticus. 
 Amygdalae amarae. 
 Anisi. 
 Aurantii. 
 
 Aurantii compositus. 
 Camphorae. 
 Chloroformi. 
 Cinnamomi. 
 Frumenti. 
 
 Tinctiixa- (tinctures) are alcoholic solutions of 
 non-volatile principles. Officinal, 72 : 
 
 Tinctura — Per Cent. Tinctura — Per Cent. 
 
 Aconiti, 35 Aloes at myrrhae, ... 10 
 
 Aloes, 10 Arnicae florum, .... 20 
 
92 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 93 
 
 Tinctura— p,r Cent. 
 
 Arnicae radicis, . . . . lo 
 AsafcEtidce, ..... 20 
 Aurantii amari, .... 20 
 Aurantii dulcis, .... 20 
 Belladonnae (Pharm. , 
 
 1880), 15 
 
 Belladonnae foliorum, • 15 
 
 Benzoini, 20 
 
 Benzoini composita, . 12 
 
 Bryonice, 10 
 
 Calendulas, 20 
 
 Calumbae, 10 
 
 Cannabis indicse, ... 15 
 
 Cantharidis, 5 
 
 Capsici, 5 
 
 Cardamomi, lo 
 
 Cardamomi composita, . 2 
 Catechu composita, . . lo 
 
 Chiratae, lo 
 
 Cimicifugae, 20 
 
 Cinchonae, 20 
 
 Cinchonae composita, . 10 
 
 Cinnamomi, 10 
 
 Colchici (Pharm., 1880). 15 
 Colchici seminis, . . .15 
 
 Croci, . . 10 
 
 Cubebae, 20 
 
 Digitalis, 15 
 
 Tincturae herbarum recenti- 
 ura, 50 
 
 Tinctura — 
 
 Ferri chloridi, .... 25 
 Gallae 20 
 
 Tinctura — Per Cent. 
 
 Gelsemii, 15 
 
 Gentianae composita, . 10 
 
 Guaiaci, 20 
 
 Guaiaci ammoniata, . . 20 
 
 Humuli, 2o 
 
 Hydrastis, 20 
 
 Hyoscyami, 1 5 
 
 lodi, 7 
 
 Ipecacuanhae et opii, 100 
 
 Kino, 10 
 
 Krameriae, 20 
 
 Lactucarii, 50 
 
 Lavandulae composita, . 8 
 
 Lobeliae, 20 
 
 Matico, 10 
 
 Moschi, 5 
 
 Myrrhae 20 
 
 Nucis vomicae, .... 2 
 
 Opii, 10 
 
 Opii camphorata, less 
 
 than 
 
 Opii deodorati, . . . .10 
 Physostigmatis, . . . .15 
 
 Pyrethri, 20 
 
 Quassiae, 10 
 
 Quillajae, 20 
 
 Rhei, 10 
 
 Rhei aromatica, . . 20 
 Rhei dulcis, . ... 10 
 
 Sanguinariae, 15 
 
 Saponis viridis (Pharm , 
 
 1880), 
 
 Scillae, 15 
 
94 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 95 
 
 Tinctura — Per Cent. Tinctura — Per Cent. 
 
 Serpentariae, 10 Valerianae, 2(5 
 
 Stramonii(Pharm.,l88o),i5 Valerianae ammoniata, . 20 
 
 Stramonii serainis, . . 15 Vanilke, lo 
 
 Strophanthi, 5 Veratri viridis, .... 40 
 
 Sumbul, 10 Zingiberis, 20 
 
 Tolutana, 10 
 
 ^ 
 
 The misturae (mixtures) are simply preparations 
 containing an insoluble substance which is held in 
 suspension in water, usually by the aid of some viscid 
 material. These form in some cases practically an 
 emulsion, and some of them are so called by the 1890 
 United States Pharmacopeia; whereas in 1880 they 
 were called mixtures; viz., the 1890 Pharmacopeia 
 recognizes five mixtures : 
 Mistura — Mistura — 
 
 Cretae. Potassii citratis. "^ 
 
 Perri composita. Rhei et sodae. 
 
 ALZaA^ Glycyrrhizae composita. 
 
 In the 1880 Pharmacopeia the following were 
 called mixtures, but the 1890 Pharmacopeia defines 
 them as Emulsions. Officinal, four : 
 
 Emulsum — Emulsum — 
 
 Ammoniaci. Asafoetidae. 
 
 Amygdalae. Chloroformi. 
 
 Mucilagines (mucilages) are watery solutions of 
 gummy substances. There are four officinal muci- 
 lages : 
 Mucilage — Mucilage — 
 
 Acaciae. Tragacanthae. 
 
 Sassafras raedullae. Ulmi. 
 
96 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 97 
 
 Syrupi (syrups) are mostly watery solutions of 
 sugary substances, though a few contain dilute acetic 
 
 acid. Officinal, 
 
 31 
 
 Syrupus- 
 
 Acacise. 
 Acidi citrici. 
 Acidi hydriodici. 
 All'ii. 
 Althcese. 
 Amygdalae. 
 Aurantii. 
 Aurantii florum. 
 Calcii lactophosphatis. 
 Calcis. 
 Ferri iodidi, 
 
 Ferri, quininse, et strych- 
 nin ge phosphatum. 
 Hypophosphitum. 
 Hypophosphitum cum ferro 
 Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Syrupus — 
 
 Kramerise, 
 
 Lactucarii. 
 
 Picis liquidae. 
 
 Pruni virginianse. 
 
 Rhei. 
 
 Rhei aromaticus. 
 
 Rosae. 
 
 Rubi. 
 
 Rubi idsei. 
 
 Sarsaparillse compositus. 
 
 Scillse. 
 
 Scillae compositus. 
 
 Senegge. 
 
 Sennae. 
 
 Tolutanus. 
 
 Zingiberis. 
 
 Mellita (honeys) have for their basis the honey 
 of the ordinary honey-bee {Apis mellificd). Offici- 
 nal, two : 
 
 Mel despumatum. 
 Rosfe. 
 
 Aceta (vinegars) are preparations whose men- 
 struum is dilute acetic acid or vinegar. Officinal, 
 two : 
 
 Acetum opii. 
 Scillse. 
 
98 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 99 
 
 Vina (wines), menstruum of which is white wine, 
 containing 20 to 25 per cent, alcohol. Officinal, ten : 
 
 Vinum — Vinum — 
 
 Album. Ferri amarum, 
 
 Antimonii. Ferri citratis. 
 
 Colchici radicis. Ipecacuanhse. 
 
 Colchici seminis. Opii. 
 
 Ergotae. Rubrum. 
 
 Glycerita (glycerites) are solutions in glycerin. 
 Officinal, six : 
 Glyceritum — Glyceritum — 
 
 Acidi carbolici. Boroglycerini. 
 
 Acidi tannici. Hydrastis. 
 
 Amyli. Vitelli. 
 
 Olei (oils) are volatile or non-volatile, obtained, as 
 a rule, by distillation of plants, although a few are 
 obtained by expression. Officinal, 50 : 
 
 Oleum — Oleum — 
 
 Adipis. Caryophylli. 
 
 yEthereum. Chenopodii. 
 
 Amygdalae amarae. Cinnamomi. 
 
 Amygdalae expressum. Copaibae. 
 
 Anisi. Coriandri. 
 
 Aurantii corticis. Cubebas. 
 
 Aurantii florum. Erigerontis. 
 
 Bergamii (Pharm., 1880). Eucalypti. 
 
 Bergamottae. Foeniculi. 
 
 Betulae volatile. Gaultheriae. 
 
 Cadinum [Juniperi empy- Gossypii seminis. 
 
 Cajuputi. [reumatictim). Hedeomae. 
 
 Cari. Jecoris aselli [Morrhius). 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. lOI 
 
 Oleum — Oleum— 
 
 Juniperi. Ricini. 
 
 Juniperi empyreumaticum Rosse. 
 
 [Cadimim). Rosmarini. 
 
 Lavandulae florum. Sabinae, 
 
 Limonis. Santali. 
 
 Lini. Sassafras. 
 
 Menthse piperitae. Sesami. 
 
 Menthae viridis. Sinapis volatile. 
 
 yi-OYxhwdi [Jecoris aselli). Terebinth inas. 
 
 Myrciae. Terebinthinae rectificatum. 
 
 Myristicse. Theobromatis (Theobromae, 
 Olivcx. Pharm., 1880). 
 
 Phosphoratum. Thymi, 
 
 Picis liquidae. Tiglii. 
 Pimentae. 
 
 Test for Volatile or Non-volatile Oils. — 
 
 The volatile oils evaporate entirely if a drop is 
 placed on paper, leaving no greasy mark as do the 
 fixed, non-volatile oils. 
 
 Oleoresinse (oleoresins) are ethereal extracts of 
 drugs containing an oil and a resin. Officinal, six : 
 Oleoresina — Oleoresina — 
 
 Aspidii. Lupulini. 
 
 Capsiei. Piperis. 
 
 Cubebae. Zingiberis. 
 
 Elixirs (indeclinable) are usually made with a 
 menstruum of dilute alcohol, as are also the succi, 
 or fruit juices (which are juices of the fresh fruits 
 with enough alcohol to preserve them), as succus 
 limonis. Two elixirs are officinal : 
 Elixir aromaticum. 
 
 Phosphori. 
 
I02 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. io^ 
 
 Resinae (resins) are made by adding water to the 
 saturated alcoholic solutions of the resins, thus caus- 
 ing a precipitation. They are soluble in alcohol but 
 not in water. Officinal, five: 
 
 Resina — Resina — 
 
 (Residue of turpentine.) Podophylli. 
 
 Copaibae. Scammonii. 
 Jalapce. 
 
 Confectiones (confections) are remedies incor- 
 porated into the form of candy. Officinal, two : 
 
 Confectio rosse. 
 Sennae. 
 
 Trochisci (troches, lozenges, pellets) are small 
 masses of various shapes made to dissolve slowly in 
 the mouth, mainly to medicate the throat and mouth. 
 Officinal, 15 : 
 
 Trochisci — Trochisci — 
 
 Acidi tannici. Krameriae. 
 
 Ammonii chloridi. Menthae piperitse. 
 
 Catechu. Morphinse et ipecacuanhae. 
 
 Cret?e. Potassii chloratis. 
 
 Cubebae. Santonini. 
 
 Ferri. Sodii bicarbonatis. 
 
 Glycyrrhizae et opii. Zingiberis. 
 Ipecacuanhae. 
 
 Suppositoria (suppositories) are conic masses of 
 oil of theobroma (butter of cacao) combined with 
 various medicaments, intended for use in the rectum, 
 vagina, and urethra. Rectal and urethral supposi- 
 
I04 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. I05 
 
 tories should weigh about one gram ; for vaginal use, 
 three grams. Officinal : 
 Suppositoria glycerini. 
 
 Unguenta (ointments) contain of yellow wax 20 
 per cent., of lard 80 per cent. ; for external use only. 
 Officinal, 22 : 
 Unguentum — Unguentum — 
 
 Acidi carbolici. Hydrargyri oxidi rubri. 
 
 Acidi tannici. lodi. 
 
 Aquae rosoe. lodoformi. 
 
 Belladonnae. Picis liquidae. 
 
 Chrysarobini. Plumbi carbonatis. 
 
 Diachylon. Plumbi iodidi. 
 
 Gallae. Potassii iodidi. 
 
 Hydrargyri. Stramonii. 
 
 Hydrargyri ammoniati. Sulphuris. 
 
 Hydrargyri nitratis. Veratrlnse. 
 
 Hydrargyri oxidi flavi. Zinci oxidi. 
 
 Cerata (cerates) contain of white wax 30 per cent, 
 and of lard 70 per cent. Officinal, five : 
 Ceratum — Ceratum — 
 
 Camphorge. Plumbi subacetatis. 
 
 Cantharidis. Resinae. 
 
 Cetacei. 
 
 Extracta (extracts) are made by evaporating 
 solutions of vegetable substances, sometimes the 
 fresh juice, resulting in a soft mass. Officinal, 33 : 
 Extractum — Extractum — 
 
 Aconiti. Belladonnse foliorum alco- 
 
 Aloes. holicum. 
 
 Arnicae radicis. Cannabis indicae. 
 
 8 
 
Io6 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 107 
 
 Extractum — 
 Iridis. 
 Jalapae. 
 Juglandis. 
 Kramerise. 
 Leptandne. 
 Nucis vomicae. 
 Opii. 
 
 Physostigmatis. 
 Podophylli. 
 Quassiae. 
 Rhei. 
 
 Stramonii seminis. 
 Taraxaci. 
 Uvse ursi. 
 
 Extractum — 
 Cimicifugae. 
 Cinchonae. 
 Colchici radicis. 
 Colocynthidis. 
 Colocynthidis compositum. 
 Conii. 
 Digitalis. 
 Ergotoe. 
 ' Euonymi. 
 Gentianoe. 
 Glycyrrhizae. 
 GlycyrrhiziK purum. 
 Haematoxyli. 
 Hyoscyami. 
 
 Extracta fluida (fluid extracts) are, as a rule, 
 the most powerful of the liquid preparations, and 
 generally one minim is equal to one grain of the crude 
 drug. Officinal, ^Z : 
 
 Extractum — 
 
 Aconiti fluidum. 
 Apocyni fluidum. 
 Arnicae radicis fluidum. 
 Aromaticum fluidum, 
 Asclepiadis fluidum. 
 Aspidospermatis fluidum. 
 Aurantii amari fluidum. 
 I^elladonnas radicis fluidum 
 
 (Belladonnse fluidum, 
 
 Pharm., 1880.) 
 Buchu fluidum. 
 Calami fluidum. 
 CulumbK fluidum. 
 
 Extractum — 
 
 Cannabis indicae fluidum. 
 Capsici fluidum. 
 Castaneae fluidum. 
 Chimaphilae fluidum. 
 Chiratae fluidum. 
 Cimicifugae fluidum. 
 Cinchonae fluidum. 
 Cocae fluidum. 
 Colchici radicis fluidum. 
 Colchici seminis fluidum. 
 Conii fluidum. 
 Convallariae fluidum. 
 Cubebae fluidum. 
 
Io8 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 109 
 
 Extractum — 
 
 Cusso fluidum. 
 Cypripedii fluidum. 
 Digitalis fluidum. 
 Dulcamarse fluidum. 
 Ergotoe fluidum. 
 Eriodictyi fluidum. 
 Erythroxyli fluidum 
 
 (Pharm., 1880). 
 Eucalypti fluidum. 
 Eupatorii fluidum. 
 Frangulse fluidum. 
 Gelsemii fluidum, 
 Gentianx fluidum. 
 Geranii fluidum-. 
 Glycyrrhizne fluidum. 
 Gossypii radicis fluidum. 
 Grindeliie fluidum. 
 Guaranae fluidum. 
 Hamamelidis fluidum 
 Hydrastis fluidum. 
 Hyoscyami fluidum. 
 Ipecacuanhae fluidum. 
 Iridis fluidum. 
 Krameriae fluidum. 
 Lappse fluidum. 
 Leptandne fluidum. 
 Lobelise fluidum. 
 Lupulini fluidum. 
 Matico fluidum. 
 Menispermi fluidum. 
 Mezerei fluidum. 
 Nucis vomicae fluidum. 
 Pareirae fluidum. 
 
 Extractum — 
 
 Phytolaccae radicis fluidum. 
 
 Pilocarpi fluidum. 
 
 Podophylli fluidum. 
 
 Pruni virginianae fluidum. 
 
 Quassiae fluidum. 
 
 Rhamni purshianae flui- 
 dum. 
 
 Rhei fluidum. 
 
 Rhois glabrae fluidum. 
 
 Rosae fluidum. 
 
 Rubi fluidum. 
 
 Rumicis fluidum. 
 
 Sabinas fluidum. 
 
 Sanguinariae fluidum. 
 
 Sarsaparillae fluidum. 
 
 Sarsaparillae fluidum com- 
 positum. 
 
 Scillas fluidum. 
 
 Scoparii fluidum. 
 
 Scutellariae fluidum. 
 
 Senegae fluidum. 
 
 Sennae fluidum. 
 
 Serpentariae fluidum. 
 
 Spigeliae fluidum. 
 
 Stillingiae fluidum. 
 
 Stramonii s e m i n i s flui- 
 dum (Stramonii fluidum, 
 Pharm., 1880.) 
 
 Taraxaci fluidum. 
 
 Tritici fluidum. 
 
 Uvae ursi fluidum. 
 
 Valerianae fluidum. 
 
 Veratri viridis fluidum. 
 
no FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. Ill 
 
 Extractum — Extractum — 
 
 Viburni opuli fluidum. Xanthoxyli fluidum. 
 
 Viburni prunifolii fluidum. Zingiberis fluidum. 
 
 Emplastra (plasters) are prepared by spreading — 
 by means of heat — on muslin, silk, etc., the material 
 intended for external application. Officinal, 13 : 
 Emplastrum — Emplastrum — 
 
 Ammoniaci cum hydrar- Ichthyocollae. 
 
 gyro. Opii. 
 
 Arnicae. Picis burgundicse. 
 
 Belladonnse, Picis cantharidatum. 
 
 Capsici. Plumbi. 
 
 Ferri. Resinse. 
 
 Hydrargyri. Saponis. 
 
 Pilulae (pills) are small rounded masses to be 
 swallowed whole. They include only such sub- 
 stances as are (i) of bad taste ; (2) of small dose ; (3) 
 of drugs having slow action ; (4) of substances too 
 heavy for suspension in liquids, or insoluble therein. 
 For obvious reasons we can not use in pill form sub- 
 stances — (i) of large dose; (2) when rapid action is 
 desired (as emetics, etc.); (3) corrosive substances; 
 (4) deliquescent salts. Officinal, 15 : 
 Piluloe— Pilulse— 
 
 Aloes. Catharticce vegetabiles. 
 
 Aloes et asafoetidse. Ferri carbonatis. 
 
 Aloes et ferri. Ferri iodidi. 
 
 Aloes et mastiches. Opii. 
 
 Aloes et myrrhse. Phosphori. 
 
 Antimonii composite. Rhei. 
 
 Asafoetidse. Rhei compositoe. 
 
 Catharticoe compositae. 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. II3 
 
 Pulveres (powders) are remedies, always dry 
 substances, dispensed in small papers, each of which 
 contains one dose. It must be borne in mind that 
 deliquescent salts, volatile substances, and substances 
 which liquefy when brought together, — chloral and 
 camphor, for example, — are unfit for use in this man- 
 ner. Officinal, nine : 
 
 Pulvis — 
 
 Antimonialis. — ^ Ipecacuanhae et opii. 
 
 Aromaticus. X^Jalapae compositus {Pur- 
 
 . yN^Cretse compositus. gans). 
 
 j^ \\Effervescens compositus. Morpliinse compositus. 
 
 ^ LA^Glycyrrhizge compositus. , Rhei compositus. 
 
 Chartae (papers) are medicated papers, as a rule, 
 to be burned in order that the vapor of drug they 
 contain may be inhaled, or for external application. 
 Officinal, two : 
 
 Charta potassii nitratis. 
 Sinapis. 
 
 Linimenta (liniments) are intended to be used ex- 
 ternally, as a rule, to be applied with friction, and 
 are generally of a soapy or oily consistency. Officinal, 
 nine : 
 
 Linimentum — Linimentum — 
 Ammonige. Saponis. 
 
 Belladonnae. Saponis mollis. 
 
 Calcis. Sinapis compositum. 
 
 Camphorse. Terebinthinae. 
 
 Chloroformi. 
 
114 ^'OR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. II5 
 
 Collodium (collodions). — Solutions of ether in 
 gun-cotton which rapidly evaporate when applied to 
 the skin, forming a translucent film containing the 
 medicament and protecting the part to which it is 
 applied. Officinal, three : 
 
 Collodium cantharidatum. 
 Flexile. 
 Stypticum. 
 
 Beside the above-mentioned officinal preparations 
 we have the following 
 
 NON-OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Enema (enema or clyster). — Liquids to be in- 
 jected per rectum. 
 
 Bougia. — Small cylinders of cacao butter mixed 
 with the remedy to be used in uterus and urethra. 
 
 Pesoaria. — Vaginal suppositories. 
 
 Granulum (granules). — Very small pills contain- 
 ing powerful drugs. 
 
 Dragees. — Sugar-coated pills of French origin. 
 
 Cachets. — These consist of two depressed discs 
 of flour-paper in the interior of which the remedy — 
 generally given in large dose — is placed. These be- 
 come very slippery when placed in the mouth, and 
 large doses of drugs disagreeable to the taste may 
 thus be taken without awakening the repugnance of 
 the patient. 
 
 Cachous. — Small, highly perfumed pills, often 
 covered with gold- or silver-foil ; used mostly to per- 
 fume the breath. 
 
Il6 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 AVERAGE DOSES. 
 
 ' Although, of course, we can not give one definite, 
 absolute dose for any drug or drugs, still, for purposes 
 of study, the following list will be found sufficiently 
 accurate. Naturally, the student understands that 
 the dose must be modified to suit the case in hand, 
 as explained in a previous chapter. 
 
 Crude drugs may be given in gr. v-x doses. 
 
 Exceptions^ poisons (see list under Tinctures and 
 Fluid extracts) ; dose when used, gr. j, about. 
 
 Extracts may be given in doses of gr. j-iij. 
 
 Exceptions^ poisons (see list under Tinctures and 
 Fluid extracts); dose, gr. }i-}^. 
 
 Fluid extracts may be given in n\^x doses. 
 
 Exceptions, Poisons : fluid extracts of aconite, 
 belladonna, digitalis, squill, stramonium, veratrum 
 viride, the dose of all these being ni,j-ij ; and the 
 fluid extracts of colchicum seed, TT\^ij-xj colchicum 
 root, Tr^ij-v; sanguinaria, tt\^J-v; nux vomica, WLJ-v. 
 
 Tinctures may be given in doses of f3ss-ij. 
 
 Exceptions, Poisons : tinctures of digitalis, iodine, 
 nux vomica, opium, and deodorized tincture of opium, 
 TT^^ij-x; aconite, TT\^j-iij ; belladonna, n^^x-xx; col- 
 117 
 
Il8 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. II9 
 
 chicum, n\^v-xxx ; physostigma, tt|,x-xv ; squill, 
 ni^v-xxx. 
 
 Infusions and decoctions may be given in 
 f,^ss-ij doses, except infusion of digitalis, f^j-iv. 
 
 Syrups may be given in f^j-ij doses, except 
 the syrups of iron and compound syrup of squill, 
 TT^^V— xxx. 
 
 ' Mixtures and emulsions may be given in 
 f^ss doses. 
 
 Oils may be given internally in Ti|^ij-v-x doses, 
 except Poisons {croton oil and phosphorated oil, w\,]) 
 and castor oil and cod-liver oil, f^ss. 
 
 Alkaloids may be given in doses of gr. g^Q-sV" 
 ^Jg-, except aconitine, gr. ^\-^ ; caffeine, gr. ij-xv ; 
 quinine and its associated alkaloids, gr. ij-xx ; mor- 
 phine and its associated alkaloids, gr. ^-^-^ ; 
 pelletierine and isopelletierine, gr. v-x. 
 
 Note. — An alkaloid (vegetable alkali) is " a vegetable ex- 
 tract capable of uniting with acids to form salts," as does 
 ammonia, etc. 
 
 A glucoside is "an organic substance which is resolvable by 
 the presence of acids, or other slight chemical influence, into 
 glucose and some other proximate principle" (Example: Cer- 
 tain varieties of tannic acid form glucose and gallic acid, etc.). 
 
20 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 OFFICINAL DRUGS AND PREPARATIONS.— 
 IMPORTANT NON-OFFICINAL PREPARA- 
 TIONS,— DOSES. 
 
 The study of materia medica renders necessary 
 the knowledge of the following points in reference 
 to each and every substance employed therein, viz. : 
 
 1. English name. 
 
 2. Scientific name. 
 
 3. Physical characteristics. 
 
 4. Chemic constituents. 
 
 5. Incompatibles (if any). 
 
 6. Antidotes (if poisonous). 
 
 7 Preparations (United States Pharmacopeia). 
 
 8. Doses (of crude drug and its preparations). 
 
 9. Adulterations. 
 
 10. Habitat. 
 
 11. How made (of chemicals). 
 
 12. Parts of plant used (if of vegetable kingdom). 
 
 13. Parts of animal used (if animal). 
 
 The classification adopted by Dr. H. C. Wood in 
 '' Therapeutics : Its Principles and Practice," will be 
 followed in the consideration of the drugs to follow : 
 Division I. — Systemic Remedies, 
 Division II — Extraneous Remedies. 
 9 121 
 
122 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 23 
 
 SYSTEMIC REMEDIES 
 May again be divided into — 
 
 (a) General remedies y "affecting the tissues of the 
 body generally, or such organized systems as reach 
 all portions of the body." 
 
 (J?) Local remedies i those affecting only one organ 
 of the body. 
 
 The general remedies may be divided into the 
 following three orders : 
 
 I. Nervines, acting on the nervous system. 
 II. Cardiants, acting on the circulation. 
 III. Nutrients, acting on the general nutrition. 
 
 Nervines. 
 
 A. Medicines acting on the cerebrum. 
 
 B. Medicines acting on the remainder of the ner- 
 
 vous system. 
 
 A. Family i. — Antispasmodics, employed for 
 the relief of minor spasms and nervous manifesta- 
 tions, are feeble cerebral stimulants. 
 
 Family 2. — Anesthetics are used to produce 
 anesthesia (local and general). 
 
 Family 3 — Somnifacients, in proper doses pro- 
 duce sleep without delirium. 
 
 Family 4 — Delirifacients, in proper doses pro- 
 duce delirium first, then stupor. 
 
 B. Family 5. — Excito-motors — drugs causing 
 violent tetanic spasms in overdose. 
 
124 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 25 
 
 Family 6. — Depresso-motors — drugs causing 
 paralysis in overdose. 
 
 Cardiants. 
 
 Family i. — Cardiac stimulants— drugs which 
 increase arterial pressure. 
 
 Family 2. — Cardiac depressants — drugs which 
 decrease arterial pressure. 
 
 Nutrients. 
 
 Family i. — Astringents — drugs causing con- 
 traction of various organs. 
 
 Family 2. — Tonics — drugs which increase nutri- 
 tioh and vital power. 
 
 Family 3. — Alteratives — drugs which modify 
 nutrition and overcome " certain chronic pathologic 
 processes. ' ' 
 
 Family 4. — Antiperiodics — drugs which over- 
 come the effects of malarial poisoning. 
 
 Family 5. — Antipyretics — drugs which over- 
 come febrile movements. 
 
126 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. I 27 
 
 Local Remedies. 
 Family i. — Stomachics. 
 Family 2 — Emetics. 
 Family 3. — Cathartics. 
 Family 4. — Diuretics. 
 Family 5. — Diaphoretics. 
 Family 6. — Expectorants. 
 Family 7. — Emmenagogues. 
 Family 8. — Oxytocics. 
 Family 9. — Sialagogues. 
 Family 10. — Errhines. 
 Family ii. — Epispastics. 
 Family 12. — Rubefacients. 
 Family 13. — Escharotics. 
 Family 14 — Demulcents. 
 Family 15. — Emollients. 
 Family 16. — Protectives. 
 
 EXTRANEOUS REMEDIES. 
 Family i. — Antacids. 
 Family 2. — Anthelmintics. 
 Family 3. — Digestants. 
 Family 4. — Absorbents. 
 Family 5. — Disinfectants. 
 
128 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 5 '4^ 
 
 U'— ^' 
 
 ^faA'\ 
 
/ 
 
 ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 29 
 
 / ORDER I.— NERVINES. 
 
 FAMILY I.— ANTISPASMODICS. 
 Drugs capable of controlling minor spasms of 
 voluntary or involuntary muscles. 
 
 Officinal Name, MOSCHUS. English Name, MUSK. 
 Definition. — Dried secretions from the preputial 
 follicles of Moschus moschiferus (musk deer). 
 
 Class. — Mammalia. Order. — Ruminantia. Habi- 
 tat. — Thibet. Physical Properties. — Irregular, 
 crumbly grains ; dark red-brown ; peculiar, penetrat- 
 ing, persistent odor ; bitter taste. 
 
 The crude drug is given in doses of gr. v-xv in 
 emulsion, capsule, or injection (per rectum). 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Tinctura Moschi, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, VALERIANA. English Name, 
 VALERIAN. 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome and rootlets of Valeri- 
 ana officinalis. 
 
 Natural Order. — Valerianese. Habitat. — Europe. 
 Physical Properties. — Its peculiar odor, resembling 
 perspiration (due to valerianic acid), ^becomes 
 stronger on keeping ; taste camphoraceous and 
 bitter. Contains v alerianic acid and oil of valerian^ 
 both volatile. 
 
13° FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 ft/ ■ ; 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 13I 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Valerianae riuiduni, . . f^ss-j. 
 
 Tinctura Valerianaej^ f^ss-ij. 
 
 Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata, . . f^ss-ij. 
 Ammonii Valerianas, gr. ij-x. 
 
 Iron^ quinine, and zinc valerianate will be con- 
 sidered under iron, quinine, and zinc. 
 
 Officinal Name, h!^S.YCPJ\\\>k. English Name, \ 
 ASAFETIDA. 
 Definition. — h. gum-resin obtained from the root 
 of Ferula fcetida. ^ / - ]< 
 
 Natural Order. — Umbelliferae. Habitat. — Af- 
 ghanistan. Physical Properties. — Irregular masses of 
 whitish tears imbedded in a yellowish-gray, sticky 
 mass; has a persistent, alliaceous odor, and bitter, 
 acrid, alliaceous taste. Contains a volatile oil, a gum, 
 
 and a resin. /- /"/Ow 
 
 Officinal Preparations.'^ ^ '^'^ ^ 
 
 Emulsura or Mistura (Pharm., 1880) 
 
 Asafcetidae, f^ss-j. 
 
 Pilulae Aloes et Asafcetidae (aloes, asa- 
 fetida, and soap, of each gr. i^). 
 
 Pilulce Asafcetidae, each, gr. iij. 
 
 Tinctura Asafcetidae, . . . ., . . f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, CAMPHOr'a. English Name, CAMPHOR. 
 Definition. — A stearopten (having the nature of 
 a ketone) from the Cinnamomum camphora. 
 
 * Mistura magnesiae et asafcetidae (De wees' Carminative), no 
 longer officinal, contain mag. carbonate, seven per cent.; lauda- 
 num, one per cent.; tinct. asafcetidae, seven per cent.; sugar 
 and water. 
 
 /^ 
 
132 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 •! 
 
 j 
 
 i 
 
 'A 
 
 -f'v 
 
 ^i i 
 
 -f- . . A fh\ l 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 33 
 
 Natural Order. — Laurineae. Habitat. — China and 
 Japan. Physical Properties. — White, tough, trans- 
 lucent masses ; crystalline, penetrating, characteristic 
 odor, and pungent, aromatic taste. Pulverizable in 
 presence of alcohol, ether, or chloroform. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Aqua CamphoRTe (i to 125), . . . . f^^ ss-ij. 
 Linimentum Camphorse (20 per cent, so- _ £, - - . - 
 lution in cotton-seed oil). . 
 
 , Linimentum Saponis. C£^ ._ . ^---^/''^--vl-'-LLXlk^ 
 
 uA'"'^^ Spiritus Cara^orae (ten per cent, cam- 
 phor), . . . .^ . ...TV . . gtt. v-f3j. 
 Tinctura Opii Camphorata (^see Opium). /:o\^-<*-^'-^''^-^ 
 
 /LA- "--* Camph ora Monobromata , gr. iij-xv. 
 
 Officinal Name, SPIRITUS ^THERIS COMPOSITUS. 
 
 English Name, COMPOUND SPIRIT OF ETHER 
 
 (HOFFMANN'S ANODYNE). 
 
 Definition. — An alcoholic solution of ether and 
 ethereal oil made as follows : 
 
 Ether. 325 c. c. 
 
 Alfipliol, 650 " 
 
 Ethereal Oil, . . 25 " 
 
 ^"^ 1000 c. c. 
 
 The genuine preparation imparts a cloudiness to 
 water when about 45 drops of it are added to a pint 
 of water. Adulterations remain clear, owing to ab- 
 sence of oil. 
 
 Dose, f,^ss-ij. 
 
134 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 35 
 
 Officinal Name, HUMULUS. English Name, HOPS. 
 
 Definition. — Strobiles of Humulus lupulus. 
 
 Natural Order. — Urticaceae. Habitat. — Europe 
 and North America. Physical Properties. — Ovate 
 scales containing a glandular, yellowish powder called 
 lupulin^ to which its activity is due. Scales them- 
 selves are ^eenish, have an aromatic odor, bitter, 
 astringent taste. Crude drug used only for poultices. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Tinctura Humuli, f^ss-ij. 
 
 iTupulinum, gr. x-xx. 
 
 Extractum Lupulini Fluidum, . . . . f^ss-j. 
 Oleoresina Lupulini, • . . n\^v-xxx. 
 
 Officinal Name, LACTUC ARIUM . English Name, LACTU- 
 
 carTumTlettuce opium. 
 
 Definition. — Concrete milky juice of Lactuca 
 virosa. J t ( 
 
 Natural Order. — Compositae. Habitat. — Indi- 
 genous. 
 
 Dose of crude drug, gr. x-^j. 
 
 Officinal Preparation . 
 Tinctura Lactucarii, f^ss-f^ij. - ' 
 
 Officinal Name, C IMICIFU GA. English Name, BLACK 
 
 snakerootTblack cohosh. 
 
 Definition. — Rhizome and rootlets of Cimicifuga 
 racemosa. 
 
 Natural Order. — Ranunculacese. Habitat, — 
 United States. 
 
i 
 
 136 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. I 
 
 1 
 
 ) j 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 37 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Cimicifugre, gr. }i--n]. 
 
 ^xtractuni CiinicifugK Fluidum, . . . f^:5.ss-j. 
 Tinctura Ciniicifugffi^. f^ss-ij. 
 
 FAMILY II.— AN ESTHETIC S. 
 
 General anesthetics produce loss of conscious- 
 ness of entire body. 
 
 Local anesthetics cause loss of sensation only 
 in the part of the body to which they are applied, — 
 practically only the mucous surfaces and superficial 
 regions of the body. 
 
 NITROUS OXID (N2O), LAUGHING G AS, NITRO- 
 "" GEN MONOXID.* ' 
 
 Definition. — Colorless, practically odorless, gas, 
 made by heating ammonium nitrate. 
 
 NO3NH4 + heat = N2O + 2H2O. 
 
 Used mainly in dentistry. Administered by in- 
 halation. 
 
 Officinal Name, ^THER^ English Name, ETHER, SUL- 
 PHURIC ETHER {incorrect), /ETHER FORTIOR 
 (Pharm., 1880). 
 
 Definition. — A volatile liquid prepared by distil- 
 ling alcohol in presence of sulphuric acid. Contains 
 96 per cent., by weight, of ethyl oxide [(CaHs)^©], 
 and about four per cent, of alcohol. Specific gravity, 
 0.728. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 10 
 
'3 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 
 
 1 ^ ■ 
 
 ■' 
 
 
 f-^ ( 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 ■x^ 
 
 Ut/^*"^ 
 
 . 
 
 >-(' 
 
 1 
 
 ^ •— -' _ 
 
 Jk. 
 
 ; "X^ . 
 
 
 
 
 ^.^/ .1^1.. k^ 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 39 
 
 Physical Properties. — Transparent, colorless, mo- 
 bile liquid, of characteristic odor and sweetish, burning 
 taste. Volatile and highly inflammable. The vapor, 
 if mixed with air and ignited, explodes violently \ 
 is heavier than air, and therefore may be used in 
 the presence of artificial light, provided the light is 
 kept higher than the vapor. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Spiritus Athens (30 per cent.), . . . f^ss-ij. 
 Spiritus ^-theris Compositus, . . . . f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, CHLOROFORMUM (CHLORDFORMUM 
 
 PURIFICATUM, >h-amirrT8^'). English Name, 
 
 CHLOROFORM. 
 
 Definition. — Volatile liquid obtained by distil- 
 ling alcohol in the presence of chlorinated and slaked 
 lime. It is clear, heavy, and colorless, has a sweet 
 taste and characteristic ethereal odor. Contains 99 
 per cent., by weight, of absolute chloroform and one 
 per cent, alcohol. Specific gravity, 1.490 (about). It 
 is not inflammable, but its vapor burns with a green 
 flame. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 / Aqua Chlorofonni , f .^ ss. 
 
 [ JEmulsum CHToroformi, ^.1 ss. 
 
 Linimentuni Chloroformi, 40 per cent. 
 
 chloroform in soap linimelJt.'^ 
 Spiritus Chlo roformij^ ten per cent., . f^ss-ij. 
 
 Bichloride of methylene, bromoform, and 
 ethyl bromide somewhat resemble chloroform, and 
 are occasionally used as anesthetics. 
 
I40 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 
 ^. Hti, 
 
 ..<. v^- 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 141 
 
 Local Anesthetics. — Cocaine (see Coca) is 
 used as a local anesthetic on mucous membranes by 
 direct application and consequent absorption, or 
 under skin surfaces by hypodermic injection after 
 checking the blood-supply to and from the part. 
 
 Dose of the hydrochlorate, gr. }^. 
 
 Eucaine * is claimed to be less poisonous and 
 dangerous than cocaine. Used in same dose and 
 manner. 
 
 The rapid evaporation of chloride of ethyl pro- 
 duces the same effect as freezing of a part, and many 
 small operations can be done under its influence. 
 Contained in glass capsules, from which it is sprayed 
 on the part until anesthesia follows. 
 
 FAMILY III.— SOMNIFACIENTS. 
 Somnifacients are drugs used to produce sleep. 
 
 Officinal Name, O PIUM . English Name, OPIUM. 
 
 Definition. — The concfetey milky exudation ob- 
 tained by incising the unripe capsules of Papave r 
 somniferum^ (poppy). ^/ 1 1; ^^u^ ' "-^'c/"--/'^^^ 
 
 Natural Order. — Papa veracese. Habitat. — Asia 
 Minor, Persia, India, etc. Physical Properties. — 
 Irregular cakes wrapped in poppy leaves ; plastic or 
 harder ; chestnut brown or darker ; sharp, narcotic 
 odor, and peculiar, bitter taste. Must yield in the 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
 ^A 
 
142 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 1 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 U3 
 
 normal moist condition not less than ninej)e,r cent. 
 of^morghine, its principal alkaloid. 
 
 Officinal. 
 
 Opii, 1 
 
 Opii Pulvis (not less than 13 nor more 1 
 
 than 15 per cent, of morphine), . \ Dose, gr. %-\]. 
 ^^ O pium Deodoratum (Opium Denarco 
 _^Jj^ tisatum, Pharm., 1880), . . . . , 
 
 ^ Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Acetum Opii, 1 
 
 V mum Opii , 
 
 Tinctura Opii (laudanum'^. ..r^^r^ ! 
 ♦JTincturaOpii Deodorati, i . . . 
 
 
 Tincturalpecac. et Opii (corresponds 
 to Dover's powder), 
 
 Tinctura Opii^Cam^hotata (paregoric) ] 
 contains two grains of opium to one 
 fluidounce ; also benzoic acid, cam- 
 phor, oil of anise, glycerin, and di- 
 lute alcohol, 
 
 ten per cent, of 
 opium. Dose, 
 TT\^x— XX. 
 
 Dose, f^ss-iv. 
 gr. ss. 
 
 Extractum Opii . 
 
 Pil ube Opii, each contain of powdered 
 
 opium, gr. j. 
 
 Pulvis I pecac, et O pii [Dover^s powder) 
 
 {(XTlTip., I ; sacch. lactis, 8), . . gr. x. 
 Trochiscj^ Opii et Gly cyrrhiza^, . . . x =: gr. j. 
 Em plastrum Op ii, ext. opii, 6 in ico. 
 
 Opium contains a number of alkaloids in com- 
 bination with meconic and thebolactic acids. Only 
 morphine and codeine are officinal. 
 
144 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. ' 
 
 I 
 
 
 h 
 
 f 
 
 73 -■€-t-»-5> -M^<rx-^J-^- 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 45 
 
 Officinal Preparations. . ^ 
 
 Mqrphina, usedinpharmacy. t/fV'-t-ni.^^iA^^tt-. 
 
 Morphinse Sulphas, \ ^.^c— -^-». C^ 
 
 Morphinse Acetas, > gr. yi-}^. , ,^ 
 
 MorpHTnEe TTydrochloras, J 
 
 _ Pulv is Mor2hi"l^_^2ISE£5i^s (morph. 
 sulph., I; camphor, 19; excipient, 
 
 80) [Ttillji's powder) , gr. x. 
 
 TrochiscLM.orphin8e et Ipecacuanhae, . i ^ gr. ■^^. 
 
 Codeina, gr. %-\]. 
 
 Narceina,* Thebaina or Paramorphina,* 
 Narcotina,* Laudanina,* Meconina,* 
 Papaverina,* Porphyroxina,"* etc., . gr. ij-x. 
 Apomorphinae Hydrochloras (see Emetics), * / 
 
 Jv\ > VT/^^^^A^v ^r C . '-id L *^ ' ^ 
 
 Solutions of opium produce a blood-red color on 
 
 the addition of ferric chloride (due to meconic acid). 
 Morphine strikes a deep blue with ferric chloride and 
 a rich orange-red, fading into yellow, with concen- 
 trated nitric acid. (See different result with quinine, 
 under Cinchona.) 
 
 If morphine is treated with cold, concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid (free from nitric acid), on subsequent 
 addition of a small crystal of potassium permangan- 
 ate a greenish color only should be produced. Strych- 
 nine gives with this test a violet or purple color. 
 
 (For Poisoning see chap, on Antidotes.) 
 
 Officinal Name, C HLORA L. En:^lish Name, CHLORAL 
 HYDRATE OR_CHLORAL. 
 
 Definition. — A volatile, crystalline solid, of aro- 
 * Not officinal. 
 
146 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. J 
 
 ■'! 
 
 t 
 
 ■■t 
 i 
 
 >, 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 147 
 
 matic, acrid odor, and bitter, caustic taste. Obtained 
 by acting on alcohol with chlorine. 
 
 Preparation . >> O 7 '^ *' * 
 
 Chloralis, gr. x-xxx. 
 
 Chloral forms with camphorj chloral-campho r — a 
 liquid for external use only. .' v*^J '■ •. -• -i** y v, v 
 
 HYOSCIN^ HYDROBROMAS, gr. ^^. (See Hyoscyaraus.) 
 
 METACHLORAL,* CHLORALAMID,* CHLORALOSE,* 
 AND BUTYL" CHLORAlT HYDRATE,* 
 
 All modifications of chloral, are given in the same 
 manner and dose. 
 
 SULPHONAL* 
 
 Is a valuable somnifacient in doses of gr. x-^ss. 
 TRIONAL AND TETRONAL* 
 
 Are given in the same dose as sulphonal. 
 
 O Jicinal Name, PARALDE HYDUM. English Name, PAR- 
 ALDEHYDE (CjH^O). 
 
 Definition. — Acetic aldehyde caused by oxida- 
 tion, as in the effect of chromic acid on alcohol. 
 
 Dose, n\^xx-xl. U o '^Wv- l^ 'w~- M^L6*^w»-^ 
 
 FAMILY IV.— DELIRIFACIENTS. 
 Remedies causing marked dilatation of the pupil, 
 and acting on the cerebrum; causing delirium in 
 overdose. ] 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
I4« FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 J I 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. I49 
 
 c 
 Officinal Name, CANNABIS INDICA. English Name, 
 
 INDIANHHEMP, INDIAN CANNABIS. .] 
 
 Definition. — The flowering tops of the female i 
 
 plant of the Cannabis sativa, growni in the East \ 
 
 Indies. J 
 
 Natural Order. — Urticaceae. Habitaf.T-^dJsX. In- 
 dies. ^^ 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Cannabis Indicse, gr. }(-). 
 
 Extractum Carinabis Indicae Fluidum, . TT\,j-x. 
 
 Tinctura^CannabisTnHicie, TT\^x-xxx. j 
 
 Officinal Name, English Name, j 
 
 X 
 
 BELLADONNA FOLIA, BELLADONNA LEAYES, 
 BET.LXDUNNi*^ R ADIX. BELLADONNA ROOT. 
 
 Definition. — Leaves and root of Atropa bella- 
 donna (deadly nightshade), a European perennial. 
 Natural Order. — Solanacese. Habitat. — Europe. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Leaf: A—^-^-^ZX 
 
 Extractum Belladonnae Foliorura Alco- 
 
 holicum, gr. j^-^z- 
 
 Tinctura Belladonnse Foliorum, .... TT\^x-xxx. 
 
 Pool : 
 
 Extractum Belladonnse Radicis Fluidum, tT\j-ij. 
 Emplastrum Belladonnse, 2 parts of 
 
 alcoholic ext. to 10 parts of plaster. 
 Linimentum Belladonnee, camphor, 50 
 
 parts, fluid extract belladonna to make looo. 
 
I^O FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 151 
 
 Belladonna contains the alkaloid atropine, offici- 
 nal as atropinae sulphas, gr. y^q—^V 
 
 An alcoholic solution of atropine added to mercuric 
 chloride gives a yellow precipitate turning to red. 
 
 It may also be tested physiologically by applying 
 the suspected solution to an eye of a lower animal. 
 Atropine invariably causes dilatation of the pupil. 
 
 Atropine is incompatible with tannic acid, and 
 alkalies precipitate atropine from the various solutions 
 of belladonna. 
 
 Homatropine is an artificial alkaloid and is 
 sometimes preferred as a mydriatic, its effect passing 
 off sooner than that of atropine. 
 
 (For Poisoning see chap, on Antidotes.) 
 
 Officinal Name, STRAMONII SEMEN. English Name, 
 STRAMONIUM SEED. 
 
 Definition. — The seeds of the Datura stramonium, 
 or Jamestown (Jimpson) weed. 
 
 Natural Order. — Solanaceae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Stramonii Seminis, . • . gr. %-]. 
 Extractum Stramonii Seminis Fluidum, n\j-v. 
 
 Tinctura Stramonii Seminis, rr^v-xx. 
 
 Unguentum Stramonii (ten per cent, of extract). 
 
 Stramonium yields the alkaloid daturine, which is 
 practically the same in action as atropine, but is not 
 officinal. 
 
152 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 cl-i ^ 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 53 
 
 Officinal Name, HYOSCYAMUS. English Name, HEN- 
 BANE. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves and flowering tops of * 
 Hyoscyamus niger, from plants of the second year's 
 
 growth. J 
 
 Natural Order. — Solanaceae. Habitat. — Europe. ^ 
 
 I 
 
 Officinal Preparations. \ 
 
 Extraclum Ilyoscyami , gr. j-ij. 
 
 Extractum Myoscyami Fluidum, . . . TT\^v-xx. \ 
 
 Tinctura Hyoscyami, fp^ss-j. i 
 
 Hyoscyamus yields the alkaloids hyoscine (hydro- , 
 
 bromate), gr. y^^— gV? and hyoscyamine (sulphate ! 
 
 and hydrobromate), gr. -^^ ; both are officinal. J 
 
 Officinal Name, COCA (ERYTHROXYLON, Pharm., 1880). 1 
 
 English Name, COCA. : 
 
 Definition. — The leaves of the Erythroxylon | 
 
 coca. I 
 
 Natural Order. — Linese. Habitat. — South ^ 
 
 America. (^^-t^^^^ \ 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 
 ^xtractum CocKpluidum, f^ss-ij. 
 
 •J 
 
 Its alkaloid is CQjcaipe (tiydrochlorate), dose, i 
 
 gr. /4^-j, used mostly as a local anesthetic. ' 
 
 Tropacocaine, from the narrow-leaved coca of 
 
 Java, resembleSjlor all practical purposes, cocaine in \ 
 
 its action. -'\ 
 
 II 
 
JLAJ-^ '■' 
 
 154 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 '-1aA\ 
 
 <^ 
 
 LA 
 
 "^ a^-K^AX.^fZZJ 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 55 
 
 FAMILY v.— EXCITO-MOTORS. ^^7 
 
 These remedies, by exciting the reflex centers of ^ 
 the spinal cord, produce in normal doses increased 
 muscular activity ; in poisonous doses they produce 
 tetanic convulsions. 
 
 Officinal Name, NUX VOMICA. English Name, NUX 
 VOMICA. 
 
 Definition. — The seed of Strj^chnos nux-vomica. 
 a small East Indian tree. ^ fw'-'^v- A -/vc c^ -- . ' ' 
 
 Natural Order. — Logan iacese. Habitat. — East 
 Indies. 
 
 Officinal Preparations . 
 
 Extrac tum Nu cis Vomicae, gr. >i^-ss. 
 
 Extractum Nucis Vomicae Fluidum, . . Tl^j-v. ^j^^_^ 
 
 Tinctura Nucis Vomicae (20 per cent.), rr^ij-x. , ^ { (^ 
 
 Alkaloids. — Strychnine (officinal) and brucine 
 (non-officinal). Strychninae sulphas, gr. ^V~2V- 
 
 Test. — A crystal of potassium dichromate drawn 
 through a solution of strychnine in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid produces a blue color changing to violet, 
 purple-red, then orange or yellow. 
 
 Brucine gives a blood-red color, fading into yellow, 
 with nitric acid. 
 
 (For Poisoning see chap, on Antidotes.) 
 
 Officinal Name, IGNATIA (Pharm., 1880). English Name, 
 IGNATIA. 
 
 Definition. — This drug, no longer officinal, is 
 
156 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 l^-j crir vlXm^ — 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 157 
 
 like nux vomica in action and contains also strych- 
 nine and brucine. 
 
 FAMILY VI.— DEPRESSO-MOTORS. X^ 
 By depressing the spinal centers these remedies 
 lessen muscular activity. 
 
 Officinal Name, PHYSOSTIGMA. English Name, CALA- 
 BAR BEAN. 
 
 Definition. — The j^^^ qf^ Physostigma veneno- 
 sum. "' 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosse. Habitat. — West 
 coast of Africa. 
 
 Contains the alkaloid physostigmine (or eser- 
 ine). 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Physostjgmatis, gr. y%-]. 
 
 Tinctura Physostigmatis, TT\^v-xx. 
 
 Physostigmiue or Eserine, its alkaloid, is 
 officinal as : "7^;; 7 / ' ^'l-^ 
 
 Pliysostigminae Salicylas, . . .^.M. . ^ ^ 
 
 Physostigminae Sulphas, J ^'^^ ^o~r^* 
 
 The bromides belong to this class. 
 
 J Potassii Bromidum, gr- v-^j. 
 
 "^l/Lithii Bromidum, gr. x-^ss. 
 
 Nj Sodii Bromidum, gr. v-^j. 
 
 ^i Ammonii Bromidum, gr. v-^^ss. 
 
 Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum (ten • 
 percent.), 3ss-j. 
 
158 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 59 
 
 Officinal Name, AMXLJNITRIS. English Name, AMYL 
 NITRITE. 
 
 Definition. — A yellow, oily, very volatile liquid, 
 containing 80 per cent, of amyl (mainly isoamyl). 
 Its odor resembles that of fruit. Almost insoluble 
 in water ; miscible with alcohol or ether. Prepared 
 by the action of nitric acid on amylic alcohol (fusel 
 . oil). 
 
 Dose, ^j-x by inhalation ; tt\^j-v, internally. 
 
 Officinal Name, SPIRITUS GLONOINI. English Name, 
 SPIRIT drrnTROGLYCERIN (GLONOIN). 
 
 Definition. — An alcoholic (one per cent, by 
 weight) solution of glonoin (propenyl) trinitrate. 
 Clear and colorless, resembling alcohol in odor and 
 taste. Great caution is necessary in handling it, 
 owing to its extremely explosive properties. Should 
 the alcohol evaporate explosion may occur. Tasting 
 even a small amount may cause violent headache. 
 Prepared by the action of nitric acid on glycerin. 
 
 Dose, n]^ss-j. 
 
 Officinal Name, LOBELIA. English Name, INDIAN 
 TOBACCO. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves and tops of Lobelia in- 
 flata. 
 
 Natural Order. — Lobeliaceae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Contains the liquid alkaloid lobeline (not offi- 
 cinal) and lobelic acid. . 
 
l6o FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. l6l 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Lobeli ge Fluid um, .... Tl\,v-xv. 
 Tinctura Lob eliae, n\^v-xxx. 
 
 Officinal NatAe, GELSEMIUM. English Name, YELLO\Y, 
 OR CAROLINA, JASMINE. 
 
 Definition. — Rhizome and rootlets of Gelsemium 
 sempervirens. 
 
 Natural Order. — Loganiaceae. Habitat. — Southern 
 United States. 
 
 Contains the alkaloid gelsemine, and gelseminic 
 acid (non-officinal). 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Gelseinii Fluidum, .... Ti\^iij-v. 
 Ti nctura ^ £]spmifi — — tT\^x-xxx. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM HYDROBROMICUM DILUTUM. 
 English Name, DILUTED HYDROBROMIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — Ten per cent, aqueous solution of 
 absolute hydrobromic acid. 
 Dose, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, T ABAC UM. English Name, TOBACCO. 
 
 Definition. — The commercial, dried leaves of 
 Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Solanacese. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Contains the liquid volatile alkaloid nicotine and 
 a volatile oil. Rarely used. There are no officinal 
 preparations. 
 
1 62 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 
 ^ CU".. 
 
 I' 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 163 
 
 Officinal Name, CONIUM. English Name, HEMLOCK. 
 Definition. — The full-grown fruit of Conium 
 maculatum or hemlock gathered while yet green. 
 Its activity depends on conine, a volatile liquid al- 
 kaloid (not officinal). 
 
 Natural Order. — Umbelliferge. Habitat. — United 
 States and Europe. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 .JjclraetuTn Conii, gr. j-ij. 
 
 Extractum^^mi Fluidum, ^-v« 
 
 As the preparations vary greatly in strength, begin 
 always with the minimum dose and increase to de- 
 sired effect. 
 
 < 
 
 FAMILY VIL— RESPIRATORY STIMULANTS. 
 
 Although classified under different headings, am- 
 monia, caffeine, atropine, cocaine, and strychnine 
 are valuable also as respiratory stimulants. 
 
 Officinal Name, ASPIDOSPERMA. English Name, 
 QUEBRACHO. 
 
 Definition. — The bark oi Aspidosperma quebra- 
 cho-blancho (Schlechtendal). 
 
 Natural Order. — Apocynaceae. Habitat. — South 
 America. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Aspidospermatis Fluidum, . f^X"/^- 
 
 Contains the alkaloid aspidospermine. 
 Dose, gr. i^^-ss. 
 
164 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. ) 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 65 
 
 ORDER II.— CARDIANTS. 
 
 FAMILY I.— CARDIAC STIMULANTS. 
 These remedies increase the force of the circula- 
 tion, either by stimulating the heart muscle directly 
 or by lessening resistance to the flow of blood ; /. ^., 
 dilating the arteries through which it runs. 
 
 AMMONIA.* 
 Definition. — A colorless irritant gas, alkaline in 
 reaction, characteristic in odor, extremely soluble in 
 water. Naturally found as a result of decaying animal 
 and vegetable matter. Commercially obtained as a 
 by-product in the manufacture of coal-gas. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 N Spiritus Aramoniae, ^v-f 3 ss. 
 
 ^ Spiritus Ammonige Aromaticus, . . f^ss-ij. 
 ^ Aqua Ammoniae, ten per cent, gas, . . TT\^x-xx. 
 ^Aqua Ammoniae Fortior, 28 per cent. 
 
 gas, n\^ij-x. 
 
 Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (dilute acetic 
 acid neutralized by carbonate of am- 
 monium — Spirits of Minder ertis), . f^ss-ij. 
 Linimentum Ammoniae. 
 
 Ammonii Benzoas, 
 Ammonii Bromidui 
 Ammonii Carbonas 
 Ammonii Chloridum, gr. v-^^ss. 
 
 Ammonii Bromidum, | S^- ^ ^^^ 
 
 ~,M Ammonii Carbonas, ....... gr. ij-x. 
 
 * Not officinal as gas. 
 
1 66 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 CK/K 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 67 
 
 Trochisci Amnionii Chloridi, . . aa gr. ■^^. 
 
 Ammonii lodidum, gr. ij-x. 
 
 Ammonii Phosphas, gr. x-xv. 
 
 Ammonii Valerianas, gr. ij-x. 
 
 Officinal Name, ALCOHOL. 
 Definition. — A transparent volatile liquid ; char- 
 acteristic odor and taste ; 91 per cent., by weight, of 
 ethyl alcohol, and nine per cent., by weight, of water; 
 specific gravity, 0.820. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Alcohol Dilutum. 
 Alcohol Absolutum, specific gravity, 0.797; contains 
 
 only one per cent, water. 
 Alcohol Deodoratum, specific gravity, 0.816 ; 7^ per 
 
 cent, water. 
 
 Officinal Name, ALCOHOL DILUTUM. English Name, 
 DILUTED ALCOHOL. 
 
 Definition. — A liquid composed of 41 per cent., 
 by weight, or about 48.6 per cent., by volume, of 
 absolute ethyl alcohol, or about 59 per cent., by 
 weight, of water. Alcohol exists in the following 
 officinal preparations, viz. : 
 
 Spiritus Frumenti. — Whisky, 44 to 50 percent, alcohol, by 
 weight. Obtained by the distillation of fermented grains 
 (practically distilled beer). Must be at least two years old. 
 
 Spiritus Vini Gallici. — Bratidy, 39 to 47 percent, alcohol, 
 by weight. Obtained by distillation of fermented grapes 
 (practically distilled wine). Must be at least four years 
 old. 
 
1 68 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 69 
 
 Vinum Album. — White wine, lo to 12 per cent, alcohol. 
 Vinum Rubrum. — Redjvine, 10 to 12 per cent, alcohol. 
 Vinum Album Fortius. — Twenty to 25 percent, alcohol, 
 
 used as menstruum for officinal wines. 
 Spiritus Odoratus. — Cologne water. 
 Vinum Aromaticum. — Aromatic wine. 
 Beer and- the various malts (extracts, etc.) vary from three 
 
 to eight per cent, of alcohol. 
 
 Officinal Name, DIGITALIS. English Maine, FOXGLOVE 
 (PURPLE). 
 
 Definition. — Leaves of Digitalis purpurea from 
 "^X^x^X.^ q{ second year' s growth. Contains four glu- 
 cosides, viz. : digtfalin, digitoxin, digitonin^ and 
 digit alein. 
 
 Natural Order. — Scropbularineae. Habitat. — 
 Europe. 
 
 Powdered leaves may be used in doses of gr. ss-iij. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Digitalis, gr. %-}. 
 
 Extractum Digitalis Fluidum, .... TT^ss-ij. 
 
 Tinctura Digitalis, ITLv— xv. 
 
 Infusum Digitalis, ^7t]~^' 
 
 Officinal Name, CAFFEINA. English Name, CAFFEINE. 
 Definition. — Feeble alkaloid obtained from dried 
 leaves of Thea sinensis {natural order, Ternstroemi- 
 aceae), ordinary tea, from Coffea arabica (natural 
 order, Rubiacese), and from guarana* (a paste from 
 
 * Officinal. 
 12 
 
lyo FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 ■] 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 171 ■ 
 
 J 
 
 crushed seeds of Paullinia sorbilis, natural order ^ 
 
 Sapindacese). « 
 
 Officinal Pi-eparations, i 
 
 CafFeina, gr. ij-x. 
 
 Caffeina Citrata, gr. x-xv. ^ 
 
 Caffeina Citrata EflFervescens, . . . . gr. x-xv. , 
 
 Officinal Name, CONVALLARIA. English Name, LILY ■ 
 
 OF THE VALLEY. i 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome and rootlets of Con- 
 
 vallaria majalis, or lily of the valley. , 
 
 Natural Order. — Liliaceae. Habitat. — United ^ 
 
 States, Holland. j 
 
 Contains the glucosides convallarin and convai- ! 
 
 latnarin. \ 
 
 Officinal Preparation. -; 
 
 Extractum Convallarias Fluidum, .... n\^v-xv. 
 
 Officinal Name, STROPHANTHUS. English Name, ' 
 
 STROPHANTHUS. ' 
 
 Definition. — Seeds of Strophanthus hispidus de- i 
 
 prived of its long awn. Used as arrow-poison by j 
 
 the African natives. ; 
 
 Natural Order. — ^Apocynacese. Habitat. — Africa. 
 
 Contains the active principle strophanthin. \ 
 
 '\ 
 
 Officinal Preparation. '\ 
 
 Tinctura Strophanthi, TT\j-x. j 
 
172 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 73 [ 
 
 Officinal Name, SPARTEINE SULPHAS. English Name, 
 
 SPARTEINE SULPHATE. | 
 
 Definition. — The neutral sulphate of an alka- ! 
 
 loid obtained from Scoparius or broom plant. ; 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosse. Habitat. — Indig- \ 
 
 enous. \ 
 
 Dose, gr. ^V~/4^ hypodermically ; gr. i^-ij in ' 
 
 pill. 
 
 ADONIDINE.* ■ 
 
 Definition. — A glucoside from root of Adonis 
 
 vernalis. ] 
 
 Natural Order. — Ranunculaceae. Habitat. — ^ 
 
 Europe. ; 
 
 Dose, gr. ^-ss. \ 
 
 !■/ M' 
 
 FAMILY II.— CARDIAC DEPRESSANTS. ^ i ^ I ^ ' 
 
 These remedies depress the heart's action, and so ; 
 
 reduce the force and frequency of the pulse. j 
 
 ANTIMONIU^I.t ^-lytHl [ryj^^-^^^/-^ \ 
 Antimon y (metallic element) is found as black an- 
 
 timonious sulphide. | 
 
 Officinal Preparations. " 
 Antimoniiet Potassii Tartras {Tartar Cyi^L^y^ytAjLj 
 
 Emetic). Dose, as diaphoretic and \ ^ \ J 
 expectorant, gr. j2-}i ', as emetic, gr. /j-A.'v>->«- ^\^/(H.'*^^^^'<-^ 
 
 ^ ^ ss-j, repeat if necessary. //^V\M /. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 ^^^/-^ f The metal itself is not officinal. Antidote, tannic acid. 
 
174 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 75 j 
 
 1 
 
 Pulvis Antimonialis (antimony oxide, 23 ^ 
 per cent, ; precipitated calcium phos- 
 phate, 67 per cent), yir/ww' /^^a/^e-r, . gr. iij-x. ' 1 
 
 Antimonii Sulphidum Purificatum. , 
 
 Antinionuin ^Sulphuratum , gr, j-v. 
 
 Pilulje Antimonii Composite i^Plum- 
 mers pills), aa gr. 2^ of antimony 
 
 and calomel. j 
 
 Antim onium Oxidmn, gr. j-ij. "I 
 
 Vinum Antimonii, four grams of tartar [ 
 
 emetic to looo c. c. of solution. '' 
 
 Diaphoretic and expectorant dose, . Ti\^v-xx. l 
 
 Emetic dose, f^j-iv. ] 
 
 Syrupus Scillpe Compositus contains of ' 
 
 tartar emetic 2 gm. to looo c. c, . , Tif\^v-f3J. , 
 
 Officinal Name, VERA TRUM VIRIDE. English Name, 
 
 . GREEN OR"a ^ERIC AN_JIF,t t fror f. ; 
 
 Definition. — Rhizonie and rootlets of Veratrum 
 viride.f j 
 
 ' Natural Order. — Liliacese . Habitat. — Swamps of \ 
 
 Southern United States. 
 
 Alkaloids. — Jervine* and v eratroidine.* /\rC^Ui^/2/^>-<_ 
 
 Ojfficinal Preparations. 
 jExtractum Veratri Viridis Fluidum, . . Tr\^j-iv, | < ^ 2. /Vv^ , ' 
 ) Tinctura Veratri Viridis, TT\^ij-vj. J '\ 
 
 * Not officinal. ' 
 f Norwood'' s tincture is made from the green^root; and while 
 
 not officinal _ is more powerful than the officinal Tincture of J 
 
 Veratrum Viride. \ 
 
176 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 177 I 
 
 Officinal Name, VERATRINA. English Name, ' 
 
 VERATRINE. m/^^^I^^L*. \ 
 
 Definition. — A mixture of alkaloids obtained i 
 
 from the seed of Asaerraea officinalis. ^ i 
 
 — - 2 C l\ ^ 
 
 Natural Order. — Liliaces. Habitat. — Mexico . ^ • ^ \ 
 
 Used externally for rheumatic pains. ' 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Ole atum Veratrjnsg, two per cent. ' 
 
 Ung uentum Veratrinse, four per cent. 1 
 
 Officinal Name, English Name, ' 
 
 ARNTC^. FLORES. ARNICA FLOWER S. ' 
 
 ARNI CA RADI X. ARNICA_EQQT^ -^ 
 
 Definition. — Tht flower- heads , rhizotne and root-^ 
 
 lejs^oi Ar nica montana (leopard's bane). \ 
 
 Natural Order. — C ompositae. Habitat. — XJnited ; 
 
 States. I 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Flowers : ] 
 Tinctura Arnicae Florum (use ext ernally ). a^ {O W~Ji^<*<U>^[ 
 
 Pool : \ 
 
 Extractum Arnicae Radicis, gr. v-x. 
 
 E xtractum Arnicge jladicis Fluidum , . rt\^x-xx. y^ 
 
 T inctura Arnicae Rad icis. f^ss-ij. ' [^ i^^o^/'-^ 
 
 ff y"!:^,*^ Emplastrum Arnicae, 33 per cent, extract. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACONITUM. Englis/i Name, ACONITE. ! 
 
 Definition.^ — The tuber of Aconitum nagellus, i 
 
 ^ monkshood or wolf's banej . ; 
 
 Natural Order. — Ranunculaceae. Habitat. — \ 
 
 Europe and As ia. , 
 
••*\. 
 
 17S FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 1 
 
 
 
 
,1 
 
 1 
 
 ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 79 
 
 The alkaloid, A conitine, * is almost too strong for 
 internal use. Vv ^"^^-^^ ■ 
 
 Dose, gr. 2-^^-3-^^. Used mostly in liniments or 
 
 ointments. ' 
 
 • Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Aconiti, . . gr. jS^-ss. 1 
 
 Extractum Aconiti Fluidum, TTLss-ij. j 
 
 Tinctura Aconiti, ^]-'^- J--i~C ^-^- \ 
 
 Officinal Name. AC IDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTU M. ' 
 
 English Name, DILUTED HYDROCYANIC ACID. ] 
 
 Definition. — Tjv g per cen t, solution in water of 
 absolute hydrocyanic acid. Odor and taste those of 
 peach kernels or bitter almonds. /ff Jlii/^' ^J^^-^tul. 
 
 Dose, ntj-iij. / - ^ - 3 o^v^^ - ^^,,_ 
 
 <^a <^^^ 
 
 Officinal Name. AC IDUM TART ARICUM. English Name, ^ 
 
 'TARTARirACTD. ^S^^-^^^^C^f \ 
 
 Definition. — An organic acid usually prepared 
 from argols (sediment of wine) ; colorless, translu- • 
 
 cent crystals, sour in taste. \ 
 
 Used only as an ingredient in Seidlitz powder, \ 
 
 pulvis effervescens compositus, United States Phar- 
 macopeia. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM CITRICUM. English Name, ^ 
 
 -=t^tric;acid. h ^ e , Hv o, ^W^ o i 
 
 Definition. — An organic acid prepared from | 
 
 *Not officinal. 'r~C^.'^'^^^^^-^^^ \ 
 
I So FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. ] 
 
 1 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. l8l 
 
 lemo n- or l ime-juice . Colorless, translucent, right- 
 rhombic prisms ; odorless ; a greeable , acid taste. 
 Soluble in j\ of its weight of cold water, and in 
 ^^ of its weight of boiling water. (QA^^^^-y- t^^^-^^^ 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Syrupus Acidi Citrici (8 : looo), . . . f^j-iv. 
 
 e^ 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM ACETICUM. English Name, 
 
 Definition. — Colorless liquid, composed of ^ 
 per cent., by weight, of absolute acetic acid, and 64 
 per cent, of water. 
 
 Used externally as a mild caustic. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM ACETICUM GLACIALE . 
 English Name, GLACIAL ACETIC ACID. ^ 
 
 Definition. — Nearly or quite absolute acetic acid. 
 Never used internally. /^ /♦ „*-^^.^ — /. # *<-«^ ^ 
 
 Officinal Name, ACI DUM ACETICUM D ILUTUM^ Eng- 
 lish Name, DILUTED ACETIC ACID. " 
 
 Definition. — Six per cent., by weight, of absolute 
 acetic acid ; water to make 100. 
 Dose, f^j-ij, well diluted. 
 Used as menstruum for the officinal aceti. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM OXALI CUM. English Name, 
 ' OXA LIC ACID . ^^4, au O^ -f i\^ ^ D 
 
 Found naturally in sorrels and in other vegetable 
 life. 
 
 Of interest only as a poison. 
 
152 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 83 
 
 Antidote. — Lime, calcium carbonate. 
 
 Antidote for all the above acids, except oxalic 
 acid, is a mild alkali, followed by oil to prevent, if 
 possible, further corrosion of the intestinal tract. 
 Care must be taken in all cases not to give so much 
 of the antidote that it may itself become poisonous 
 in turn, — hence ammonia, unless very dilute, is 
 contraindicated. 
 
 ORDER III.— NUTRIENTS . 
 
 FAMILY I.— ASTRINGENTS. 
 
 Definition. — Astringents are drugs which cause 
 contractions of those tissues with which they are 
 brought in contact, either directly or through the 
 circulation. 
 
 Astringents are (i) vegetable and (2) mineral. 
 
 Ve ge tabl e Astringents. 
 The vegetable astringents all depend for their 
 action on t annic acid . 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM TANNICUM. English Name, 
 TANNIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — An organic acid obtained from nut- 
 galls. It is found widely distributed throughout the 
 vegetable kingdom under two forms : (i) ^allo-tannic 
 (the officinal form) ; (2) kino-iannic. The gallo- 
 tannic strikes a blue-black color with the salts of 
 
1 84 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 CxP^fistA^ r-ty^-y^-^ iL^)iXyLLc. Cce-'t^*Af 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 85 
 
 iron, while kino-tannic gives a greenish-black pre- 
 cipitate. 
 
 It is a light, yellowish, amorphous powder, occur- 
 ring in scales or masses; possessing a characteristic 
 odor, and strong astringent taste. It coagulates 
 albumen and is the chemic antidote for all the alka- 
 loids ; forming tannates which are very slow of solu- 
 tion by the intestinal tract. It forms an insoluble 
 tannate of antimony, hence it is also the antidote for 
 antimony in overdose. 
 
 Dose, as astringent, gr. iij-v ; as hemostatic, gr. 
 
 X-XXj. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Collodium Stypticum, 20 per cent. 
 
 / tTlycerit um,Acidi Tannici , 20 per cent. 
 
 Trochisci Acidi Tannici, I=gr. j. 
 
 Unguentum Acidi Tannic ! , 20 per cent. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACI DUM GA LLICUM. English Name, 
 GALLIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — An organic acid prepared from 
 tannic acid by adding one molecule of water of 
 crystallization. Does not coagulate albumen ; oc- 
 curs in whitish, silky needles or triclinic prisms ; odor- 
 less, astringent taste. Does not precipitate alkaloids 
 as does tannic acid. 'V^-^rC *-»^ ^^*^ ^ l"^ >-o 
 
 Officinal Name, GALLA. English Name, NUTGALL. 
 
 Definition. — An excrescence on Quercus lusi- 
 tanica {natural or der^ Cupuliferae), caused by punctures 
 and deposition of ova of Cynips gallse tinctorise {class, 
 13 
 
l86 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 Ket^^l/^^ 
 
 
 ^^--ei^v^ (^c( (^at/^A^ J^.-, 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. ' 1 87 
 
 Insecta ; orders Hymenoptera). The best galls come 
 from the Levant, and are usually the size of hickory- 
 nuts. 
 
 Rarely used internally. 
 
 Ojfficinal Preparations. 
 
 Tinctura Gallae, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Unguentum Gallge, ten per cent. 
 
 Officinal Name, CATECHU. English Name, CATECHU. 
 
 Definition. — An extract from the wood of a tree 
 ^— the Acacia catechu. 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosse. Habitat. — East 
 India. 
 
 Contains tannic acid. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Tinctura Catechu Composita, . . . . f^ss-ij. 
 Trochisci Catechu, aa gr. j. 
 
 Officinal Name, KINO. English Name, KINO. 
 
 Definition. — The ins^^issated Juic e of P terpcarpus 
 marsupium. 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosse. Habitat. — East 
 Indies. 
 
 Occurs in small, dark, brownish-red, shiny pieces ; 
 colors the saliva deep red. Contains kino-tannic acid. 
 
 Dose, gr. x-xx. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Tinctura Kino, f^ss-ij. 
 
1 88 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. j 
 
 
 Qod/si^ "y J ' i/\ yo /-*r-tX^,Ji^<Ji^ 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. iSg 
 
 Officinal Name, H^MATOXYLON. English Name, LOG- 
 WOOD. 
 
 Definition. — The heart-wood of Haematoxylon 
 campechianum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosae. Habitat. — Cen- 
 tral America. 
 
 Contains hematin and tannic acid. 
 
 Gives a blue color in alkaline solution — red in acid. 
 
 Officinal Prepa^-ation. 
 Extractum Hsematoxyli, ..... gr. x-xxx. 
 
 41, 
 
 Officinal Name, KRAMERIA. English Name, RHATANY. 
 
 Definition. — The root of Krameria triandra and 
 Krameria.ixina. ^" ~^ 
 
 Natural Order. — Polygaleje . Habitat. — South 
 
 America. 
 
 "''"■'■^ Officinal Preparations, 
 
 Extractum Kramerioe, gr. v-x. 
 
 Extractum Krameriae Fluidum , . . . TTLv-xxx. 
 ft-y Tinctura Kramerise, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, QUERCUS ALBA. English Name, WHITE 
 OAK. 
 
 Definition. — The inner bark of Quercus alba. 
 
 Natural Order. — Cupuliferse. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Used only for astringent washes and lotions. 
 
 Officinal N^ame, ROSA _Q ENTI FOLIA. English N'ame, 
 PALE ROSE. 
 Definition. — Tht petals of Rosa centifolia. 
 
IpO FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 (AytL^^^l^^ ^- -feT..;w-v^-1>0^^ 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. J9I 
 
 Natural Order. — Rosaceae. 
 
 Used only for its odor. ^ v 
 
 Officinal Name, ROSA^^GALLICA. English Name, RED ' -, 
 
 roseT^ I 
 Definition. — Tht petals of Rosa gallica collected 
 before expanding. ' ^^^^.^v^Aec.-a^ 7^v.^«^ 
 ' Natural Order. — Rosaceae. ^ U] 
 
 C^^<J<.c^ ^ 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Confectio Rosse, 
 
 Extractura Rosse Fluidum, 
 
 Confectio Rosae, }- vehicles. 
 
 Mel Rosee, 
 
 Syrupus Rosae, 
 
 Pilulse Aloes et Mastiches. 
 
 Oil of rose is obtained from \.\\q fresh flowers of 
 Rosa damascena {natural order, Rosaceae). 
 
 This is used in the preparation of Aqua Rosse 
 and Unguentum Aquae Rosse (cold cream). 
 
 Officinal Name, GERANIUM. English Name, CRANES- 
 BILL, SPOTTED GERANIUM, ETC. 
 
 Definition. — The rhizom e of Geranium^ macu- 
 latum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Geraniaceae. Habitat. — United 
 States. Contains large amount of tannic acid. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractura Geranii Fluidum, . . . . f^ss-j. 
 
192 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. .; 
 
 -1 
 
 Qlya<y^ 'V>>.-r^ iX^CJu^ — tK. ^^<2^^ . W\^<^'^^^^^^4^^ 
 IcA^ C/^ i^*^ S'^^-^MXc^ iM 
 
 s^^c^-- ^ 
 
 JJL^rU^ Kwfy (h-^ • 
 
 
 
— ^1 ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 193 
 
 Officinal Name, RHI^ S GLABRA. English Name, RHUS^ 
 GLABRA. SUM AC^ 
 
 Definition. — T\\q fruit of Rhus glabra. 
 Natural Order. — Anacardieae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Contains tannic and malic acid. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum R hois Glabrae Fl uidum (used as a gargle diluted 
 with water). o-^<-A—. i<CX, o i,^ 
 
 ^Astringents. ^ i ^"^^ ^ fj^ 
 
 Min eral A stringents 
 Officinal Name, ALUMEN . English Name, ALUM. 
 Definition. — The d ouble sulphate of aluminium 
 ff^O zxid potassium. Soluble in nine parts of water at 
 59°, and in -^-^ of a part of boiling water. Gives 
 an acid reaction with litmus. 
 
 Dose, astringent, gr. x-xx; emetic, 3j-iv ; in lead 
 poisoning, gr. xx-xl. Also used locally in solution 
 as astringent and styptic. cm/- fi o^'«^^'t>6tc— 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Alumen Exsiccatum , sometimes called ..«».... ^^ ^^^^^ c*.^..* . 
 (used externaH^ exclusively). /y^y-t>^y{>.^X_^,-^^^^^ 
 
 ^^^^^IpLUMUmT lead.* C^ M^i^^-voc^; ^ 
 
 Found naturally as galena — lead ore, lead sul- \ 
 
 phide. ; 
 
 *Not officinal. 
 
 
194 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 95 
 
 Officinal Preparations , 
 For internal use : 
 
 Plumbi Acetas (sugar of lead), . . . . gr. ss-v. 
 
 For external use : 
 
 Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis {Goulard's 
 
 extract). 
 Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus (lead 
 
 water), three per cent, of Goulard's 'j 
 
 extract. J 
 
 Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis, 20 per cent. \ 
 
 (Goulard's cerate). i 
 
 Plumbi Carbonas (white lead). ' 
 
 Plumbi lodidum. 
 
 Plumbi Nitras, \ 
 
 ^jumbi Oxidum (r ed lead, litharge). P'^ ' \ 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi Carbonatis, . . . ten per cent. 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi lodidi, ten per cent. '; 
 
 Emplastrum P lujabj. • 
 
 Unguentum Diachylon (lead plaster, 
 
 500; olive oil, 490; oil of lavender ' 
 
 flowers, 10). 
 
 Poisoning may occur from any of the lead prepara- 
 tions. \ 
 
 A ntidote . — Soluble s ulphate or dilute sulphuric j 
 acT^7^^u^^Q~chronic poisonin g; dilute sulphuric 
 acid as drink, and iodide of potassium. i 
 
 BISMUTHUM. BISMUTH.* ' \ 
 
 Metallic element. \ 
 
 * Not officinal. j 
 
196 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 97 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Bismuthi Citras, gr. j-iij, 
 
 Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras, . . . . gr. j-v, 
 Bismuthi Subnitras and Bismuthi Sub- 
 
 carbonas, gr. v-xv in affections of 
 
 stomach, and gr. xv-^j in affections 
 
 of intestines. 
 
 Officinal Name, CERII OXALAS. English Name, 
 CERIUM OXALATE. 
 
 Definition. — A white, granular powder; odor- 
 less ; tasteless. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether, 
 but soluble in sulphuric acid. Used principally to 
 relieve the vomiting of pregnancy. 
 
 Dose, gr. j-iij, in pill t. i. d. 
 
 ZINCUM. ZINC. 
 A metal obtained in the form of carbonates and 
 sulphides. Officinal in the form of thin sheets, 
 pencils or fine powder. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Zinci Oxidum, gr. j-v. 
 
 Unguentum Zinci Oxidi, 20 per cent. 
 
 Zinci Acetas (used in solution — gr. 
 j-v-xx to f^ — as eye-wash or injec- 
 tion in gonorrhea). 
 
 Zinci Acetas, gr. j-v. 
 
 Zinci Bromidum, gr. j-v. 
 
 Zinci Carbonas Prgecipitatus, external use. 
 
 Zinci Chloridum, external use. 
 
 Liquor Zinci Chloridi, external use. 
 
 Zinci lodidum, gr. j-v. 
 
198 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 cf 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 1 99 
 
 Zinci Phosphidum, gr. j-v. 
 
 Zinci Sulphas ( ^/^/V^ Vitriol). Dose, 
 
 astringent, gr. j-ij ; emetic, gr. xxx, 
 
 repeated if required. 
 
 Antidote. — Alkalies and alkaline carbonates. 
 Albumen to be used as demulcent. 
 
 CUPRUM. COPPER.* J Q) Y^-vt^t*^ 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Cupi_Sulphas [Blue Vit riol). _J1qss , 
 
 astringent, gr. ^-j } emetic, . . . . gr. iij-v. 
 Cupri A cetas^* gr. %-}(. 
 
 Copper sulphate is the antidote for poison by 
 phosphorus. 
 
 Antidote. — Potassium ferrocyanide, albumens as 
 demulcents. .^^^ ^ >'^>->---'z^ • 
 
 /ARG ENTUM. SILVER .* ^ - 2l!t.vt^ 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Argenti Cyanidum (pharmacy). 
 Argenti lodidum, gr. ss-j in pill. 
 
 rgenti Nitras, gr. ^-ss in pill. 
 
 Solutions of different strengths are used 
 
 as eye-washes, injections, etc. 
 Argenti Nitras Dilutus (one-half each, 
 
 silver and potassium nitrate). 
 Argenti Nitras Fusus {Lunar Caustic^ 
 
 external use). 
 Argenti Oxidum, gr. ss-j in pill. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 20I 
 
 Owing to the readiness with which silver decom- 
 poses it should invariably be given in pill, freshly 
 prepared, when intended for internal administration. 
 
 Antidote. — Sodium chloride (common salt) forms 
 an insoluble chtoride." 
 
 FAMILY II.— TONICS. 
 'Tonics are remedies employed to increase the 
 strength and vigor of the body or its organs when 
 depressed from disease or other causes. 
 
 Mineral Tonics. 
 Officinal Name, FERRUM. English Name, IRON.* 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus, gr. v-^:^ss. 
 
 Ferri Chloridum. 
 Ferri Citras. 
 
 Ferri et Ammonii Citras, gr. ij-v. 
 
 Ferri et Ammonii Sulphas, 
 
 Ferri et Ammonii Tartras, 
 
 Ferri et Potassii Tartras, . 
 
 Ferri et Quininse Citras, . 
 
 Ferri et Quininoe Citras Solubilis. 
 
 Ferri et Strychninae Citras, one per 
 
 cent., . . . gr. j-v. 
 
 Ferri Hypophosphis, gr. v-x. 
 
 Ferri lodidum Saccharatum, . . . . gr. v-xv. 
 
 Ferri Lactas, gr. v-x. 
 
 |i4|Ferri Oxidum Hydratum. 
 
 gr. ij-v. 
 gr. j-x. 
 gr. v-x. 
 gr. v-x. 
 
 * Officinal in the form of fine, bright, and non-elastic wire. 
 14 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 203 
 
 jFerri Oxidum Hydratum cum Mag- 
 nesia (used in arsenical poisoning). 
 Ferri Phosphas Solubilis, . . 
 Ferri Pyrophosphas Solubilis, 
 Ferri Sulphas {green vitriol), 
 Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus, . . 
 Ferri Sulphas Granulatus, . , 
 P'erri Valerianas 
 
 • gr- 
 
 ij-v. 
 ij-v. 
 
 ss-ij. 
 
 gr- J-"J- 
 
 ' Besides the above, the most commonly used prepa- 
 rations of iron are : 
 
 ■» 
 
 ^Ferrum Reductum (reduced iron, Que- 
 
 venne's iron), gr. ij-v in pill. 
 
 |Massa Ferri Carbonatis ( Vallef s 7nass), gr. iij-x in pill. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis (used with 
 P'erri Oxidum Hydratum and Ferri 
 Oxidum Hydratum cum Magnesia, as 
 antidotes in arsenical poisoning). 
 
 Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis i^MonseVs 
 solution) used locally as styptic. 
 
 Tinctura Ferri Chloridi, TT\^v-xxx. 
 
 Syrupus Ferri lodidi, TT\^v-xxx. 
 
 Liquor* Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis 
 [Basham^s viixttire, tonic and di- 
 uretic), f^j-iv. 
 
 Ferrum Dialysatum,f f^^ss-f^j. 
 
 As antidote for arsenic, f^ss. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Acetatis, external use. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Chloridi, external use. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Citratis, TT\^v-xv. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Nitratis, rti'j"^- 
 
 Syrupus Ferri lodidi, . ^SJ-iJ- 
 
 ^Mistura (Pharm., 1880). 
 
 f Not officinal. 
 
204 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 205 
 
 Syrupus Ferri, Quininae, et Strychninae 
 
 Phosphatum, ^SJ-iJ- 
 
 Vinum Ferri Amarum, f^j-ij. 
 
 Vinum Ferri Citratis, ^SJ-iJ- 
 
 Pilulae Aloes et Ferri, j pill. 
 
 Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis, j-iij pills. 
 
 Pilulae Ferri lodidi, j-iij pills. 
 
 Trochisci Ferri (l = gr. v of ferric hy- 
 drate), j-v troches. 
 
 Emplastrum Ferri. 
 
 MANGANUM. MANGANESE.* 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Mangani Oxidum Nigrum (1880), . . gr. j-x in pill. 
 
 Mangani Sulphas, gr. j-v. 
 
 Mangani Dioxidum (same as Mangani 
 Oxidum Nigrum, of Pharm. , 1880) . 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM SULPHURICUM (HjSO,). 
 English Name, SULPHURIC ACID (called some- 
 times OIL OF VITRIOL). 
 
 Definition. — A liquid composed of not less than 
 92.5 per cent., by weight, of absolute sulphuric acid, 
 and not more than 7.5 per cent, of water. 
 
 Used internally only if diluted. Poisoning causes 
 charring and blackening of the tissues. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum (ten per 
 
 cent, of officinal acid), Tr\^v-xx further di- 
 
 Acid Sulphuricum Aromaticum {elixir [luted. 
 
 ^ wVr/o/), ten per cent., tTLv-xx. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
2o6 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 207 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM (HCl). 
 English Name, HYDROCHLORIC OR MURIATIC 
 ACID. 
 Definition. — A colorless liquid, composed of 2,2 
 per cent., by weight, of absolute hydrochloric acid. 
 Not used internally. Poisoning leaves a yellow 
 stain on the tissues. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum (ten 
 
 per cent, of absolute acid), .... TT\^x-xx. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM NITRICUM (HNO3). English 
 Name, NITRIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — A liquid composed of 68 per cent., 
 by weight, of absolute nitric acid, and 32 per cent, 
 of H2O. 
 
 Not used internally. Poisoning causes deep 
 orange-yellow staining of the tissues. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Acidum Nitricum Dilutum (ten per cent. 
 
 of absolute acid), TTLx-xx. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM NITROHYDROCHLORICUM. 
 English Name, NITROHYDROCHLORIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — Consists of 18 parts nitric acid and 
 82 parts hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Officitial Preparation. 
 Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum 
 (nitric acid, four parts; hydrochloric 
 . acid, 18 parts ; and water, 78 parts),' . Ti\^x-xx. 
 
2oS FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA, 209 
 
 Officiual Navte, ACIDUM LACTICUM. English Name, 
 LACTIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — The acid of milk-sugar, composed 
 of 75 per cent, of absolute lactic acid. 
 
 Dose, TTLv-xxx. 
 
 Officinal Name, PHOSPHORUS. English Name, PHOS- 
 PHORUS. 
 
 Definition. — Translucent, almost colorless, solid ; 
 waxy in appearance and consistency. Has an odor 
 resembling garlic, and characteristic taste (should 
 never be tasted unless greatly diluted). Takes fire 
 spontaneously on exposure to the air. 
 
 Dose, gr. ■^^. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Oleum Phosphoratum (one per cent, of 
 phosphorus in oil of almonds and 
 ether), TT^j-iij. 
 
 Pilulse Phosphor! , aa gr. ji^. 
 
 Spiritus Phosphori (used to make elixir). 
 
 Zinci Phosphidum, . gr. aV'X- 
 
 Elixir Phosphori (two per cent, of spirit), n\^x. 
 
 Antidotes. — Sulphate of copper, French oil of 
 turpentine. 
 
 FAMILY III.— ALTERATIVES. 
 Medicines which in some way seem to alter the 
 nutrition and increase the strength and health in 
 various pathologic states. 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 211 
 
 ARSENUM. ARSENIC* 
 Definition. — A metallic element found often 
 with other metals as an arsenide. Black arsenic, 
 sometimes called cobalt. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Acidum Arsenosum (white arsenic), . gr. ^-q. 
 
 Liquor Acidi Arsenosi, 
 
 Liquor Potassii Arsenitis {^Fow- 
 ler's solution), , .. 
 
 Liquor Sodii Arsenatis — each of 
 the three above liquors contain 
 one per cent, of arsenous acid, . 
 
 Sodii Arsenas, . gr. yV~X' 
 
 Arseni lodidum, gr- z^- 
 
 Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri lodidi 
 {^Donoz'an'' s solution, one per cent, 
 each of arsenic and mercuric iodide), rr\^ij-x. 
 
 Antidote. — Freshly prepared hydrated oxide of 
 iron with magnesia in large amount, emetics, etc. 
 
 Officinal Name, HYDRARGYRUM. English Name, 
 MERCURY. 
 
 Definition. — A liquid element obtained from the 
 sulphide cinnabar. Specific gravity, 13.5. 
 
 Offcinal Preparations. 
 
 Hydrargyrum cum Creta (gray powder), 
 38 per cent, of mercury, small doses as 
 laxative, large doses as antisyphilitic, gr. j-v-xx. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
212 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 213 
 
 For internal use : 
 
 Massa Hydrargyri (blue mass), 2)Z P^^ ' 
 
 cent, mercury, gr. j-x. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum (bi- 
 chloride, corrosive sublimate), . . . gr. aV-fo- 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite (calomel), . gr. ss-xx. 
 
 Hydrargyri Cyanidum, gr. ^^-TJ- 
 
 Hydrargyri lodidum Rubrum (red 
 
 iodide). g»"- sWV- 
 
 Hydrargyri lodidum Viride (Pharm., 
 
 1880), same as Hydrargyri lodidum 
 
 Flavum, gr. %-). 
 
 Hydrargyri lodidum Flavum (prot- 
 
 iodide, yellow or green iodide), . . gr. X~J' 
 Pilul^e Catharticoe Compositae (see Colo- 
 
 cynth), j-iij pills. 
 
 Hydrargyri Subsulphas Flavus {turpeth 
 
 mineral')^ as emetic, gr. ij-v. 
 
 Piluloe Antimonii Compositse ^Plumvier'' s 
 
 pilly calomel and sulphurated antimony). 
 
 Antidote. — Albumen (white ol' egg), milk, wheat 
 flour, emetic. 
 
 Foj' extertial use only : 
 
 Emplastrum Hydrargyri. 
 
 Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyri. 
 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri (blue ointment), 
 
 45 per cent, mercury. 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati, ten per cent. 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri, ten per cent. 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi, ten per cent. 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis (citrine ointment). 
 Hydrargyri Ammoniatum (white precipitate). 
 
2 14 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 215 
 
 For external use only : 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum (red precipitate). 
 Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum. 
 Oleatum Hydrargyri (yellow oxide), ten per cent. 
 Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis (caustic). 
 
 Hydrargyri Subsulphidum Rubrum (cinnabar), used in 
 fumigation.* 
 
 Officinal Name, AURI ET SODH CHLORIDUM. English 
 Name, CHLORIDE OF GOLD AND SODIUM. 
 
 Definition. — A mixture of equal parts, by weight, 
 of dry gold chloride and sodium chloride. 
 Dose, gr. yi^-i^ in pill. 
 
 Officinal Navie, lODUM. English Name, IODINE. 
 
 Definition. — Non-metallic element made from 
 the ashes of seaweed ; forms blue color with starch, 
 which is the antidote in poisoning by it. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 lodi, 
 
 Liquor lodi Compositus iyLiigoPs solu- 
 tion^, iodine, 5 ; potassium iodide, lo 
 
 water, 85, . 
 
 Ammonii lodidum, 
 
 Potassii lodidum, 
 
 Strontii lodidum, 
 
 Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Externally only : 
 
 Tincturae lodi, eight per cent. 
 
 Unguentum lodi, four per cent. 
 
 Unguentum Potassii lodidi, twelve per cent. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
 gr- % 
 
 -J- 
 
 TTtiij- 
 gr. ij- 
 gr. V- 
 gr. V- 
 
 x. 
 -x. 
 
 -3SS 
 -3SS 
 
2l6 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 21 7 
 
 Officinal Name, lODOFORMUM. English Name, 
 IODOFORM. 
 Definition. — Small yellow crystals, characteristic 
 odor, and iodine-like taste; slightly soluble in water; 
 soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and ether; volatile. 
 Used chiefly as an antiseptic. 
 Dose, gr. j-iv. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. k 
 
 Unguentum lodoformi, ten per cent. 
 
 Aristol and iodol* may be used in the same way 
 as iodoform. 
 
 Officinal Navie, OLEUM MORRHU^, OLEUM JECORIS 
 ASELLL .Ejigiish Name, COD-LIVER OIL. 
 
 Definition. — A fixed oil obtained from the fresh 
 livers of Gadus morrhua and other species of Gadus. 
 
 Contains gadium, iodine, chlorine, bromine, and 
 fatty acids. 
 
 Dose, f^j-f^ss, t. i. d. ; mostly given in emulsion. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. English 
 Name, PHOSPHORIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — A liquid, containing not less than 
 85 per cent., by weight, of absolute orthophosphoric 
 acid. For external use and pharmacy only. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum (ten per 
 
 cent, of absolute acid), n\^v-xxx. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
2l8 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 219 
 
 Officinal N'ame, English A^aine, 
 
 COLCHICI SEMEN. COLCHICUM SEED. 
 
 COLCHICI RADIX. COLCHICUM ROOT. 
 
 Definition. — The seeds and corm of Colchicum 
 autumnale, or meadow saffron. 
 
 Natural Order. — Liliaceae. Habitat. — Europe. 
 
 Contains the alkaloid colchicine, which is its 
 active principle. 
 
 Used in the form of the salicylate. 
 
 Dose, gr. -^V 
 
 Seed : Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Colchici Seminis Fluidum, . n\^ij-vi. 
 
 Tinctura Colchici Scaiinis, . ... f^ss-j. 
 
 Vinum Colchi.' Semir.is, Ti\,v-xxx. 
 
 Root : 
 
 Extractum Colch ' Radicis, .... gr. ss-ij. 
 
 Extractum Colch.. '<adicis Fluidum, . rr^ij-v. 
 
 Vinum Colchici Radic:s, TTLv-xv. 
 
 Officinal Name, SARSAPARILLA. Etiglish Name, SARSA- 
 PARIIXA. 
 
 Definition. — The root of Smilax officinalis, 
 Smilax medica, and other varieties of Smilax. 
 
 Natural Order. — Liliaceae. Habitat. — Mexico, 
 South and Central America. 
 
 Contains the glucoside smilacin. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Decoctum Sarsaparillse Compositum, . f ^ ij-iv. 
 Extractum Sarsaparillse Fluidum, . . . f^j. 
 Extractum Sarsaparillae Fluidum Com- 
 positum, f^j. 
 
 Syrupus Sarsaparillse Compositus, . . f^ss. 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 221 
 
 Officinal Name, English Name, 
 
 GUAIACI LIGNUM. GUAIACUM WOOD. 
 
 GUAIACI RESINA. GUAIAC. 
 
 Definition. — The heart-wood of Guaiacum offici- 
 nale and Guaiacum sanctum, an evergreen tree of 
 South America. The resin is obtained from the 
 wood, and the preparations are made from it. 
 - Natural Order. — Zygophylleae. 
 
 Dose, gr. v-xx. 
 
 Offcinal Preparations. 
 
 Tinctura Guaiaci, fjss-ij. 
 
 Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata, , . . . f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, MEZEREUM. Eiiglish Name, 
 MEZEREUM. 
 Definition. — Bark of Daphne mezereum, and 
 other species of Daphne. 
 
 Natural Order. — Thymelaeacese. Habitat. — Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Contains the neutral, bitter glucoside daphnin. 
 
 Offcinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Mezerei Fluidum (used only for pharmaceutic 
 purposes) is used in both the compound decoction and 
 compound fluid extract of sarsaparilla, 
 
 Offcinal Name, SASSAFRAS. English Name, 
 SASSAFRAS. 
 Definition. — The bark of the root of Sassafras 
 variifolium. 
 
 Natural Order. — Laurinese. Habitat. — Europe 
 and United States. 
 
 Contains a volatile oil, used mostly for flavoring. 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 223 
 
 Officinal Name, TARAXACUM. English Name, 
 DANDELION. 
 Definition. — The r^^/ of Taraxacum officinale. 
 Natural Order. — Compositae. Habitat. — Indige- 
 nous. 
 
 Contains taraxactn, a bitter principle. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Taraxaci, gr. xx-^^^j. 
 
 Extractum Taraxaci Fluidum, .... f^j-ij. 
 
 ICHTHYOL.* 
 
 Definition. — A substance obtained by the distil- 
 lation of a bituminous, sulphurous mineral deposit, 
 found in North Germany, due to decomposition of 
 fossil fish. Is now made synthetically. Contains 
 about ten per cent, of sulphur. 
 
 Used externally as ointment; internally, gr. j-iij 
 in pill or capsule. 
 
 FAMILY IV.— ANTIPERIODICS. 
 These remedies — which have for their type quinine 
 — are used to overcome periodic fevers; e. g., ma- 
 laria. 
 
 Officinal Name, CINCHONA. 
 
 Definition. — The bark of any species of Cin- 
 chona which contains five per cent, of total alkaloids, 
 and at least 2.5 per cent, of quinine (C20H24N2O2 -i- 
 H2O). 
 
 Natural Order. — Rubiaceae. Habitat. — Peru and 
 Bolivia. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
2 24 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 225 
 
 The bark of Cinchona calisaya, Cinchona 
 officinalis, — E?igHsh name, yellow cinchona, — 
 is used in preparing the following : 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Cinchonae, gr. v-xx. 
 
 Extractum Cinchonse Fluidum, . . . f^j. 
 
 Tinctura Cinchonae, f;5J-iv. 
 
 Infusum Cinchonae, f ^j-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, CINCHONA RUBRA. English Name, 
 RED CINCHONA. 
 
 Definition. — The bark of Cinchona succirubra. 
 Natural Order. — Rubiaceae. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Tinctura Cinchonge Composita (Hux- 
 
 ham's tincture), f^j-iv. 
 
 The alkaloids of cinchona in the order of their po- 
 tency are (i) quinine, (2) cinchonine, (3) quini- 
 dine, (4) cinchonidine. 
 
 Officinal Alkaloids and Salts. 
 
 Quinina, ^ As a tonic, gr. j- 
 
 Quininse Sulphas, iij ; as an anti- 
 
 Quininae Bisulphas (more soluble than I pyretic, gr. v- 
 
 the sulphate), xx ; as an an ti- 
 
 Quininse Hydrochloras, periodic, gr. v- 
 
 Quininae Hydrobromas, J xxx. 
 
 Quininse Valerianas, ... . . . . gr. j-v. 
 
 Cinchonina, -v Doses about one- 
 
 Cinchoninae Sulphas, I third larger than 
 
 Cinchonidinae Sulphas, J quinine. 
 
2 26 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 227 
 
 Quinine and quinidine, or any salt of either, if 
 treated with fresh chlorine or bromine water form an 
 emerald-green precipitate if ammonia water is added 
 to the solution. Cinchonine and cinchonidine, or 
 their salts, form a white precipitate when thus treated. 
 
 Aqueous solutions of quinine, quinidine, and their 
 salts, when acidulated with sulphuric acid, produce 
 a pale bluish efflorescence. A weak solution of cin- 
 chonine or its salts should not exhibit more than a pale 
 yellow color. Morphine imparts to sulphuric acid 
 only a pale yellow tinge. Quinine and quinidine, and 
 their salts, should not cause a ^<?^ color with nitric 
 acid as does morphine. 
 
 WARBURG'S TINCTURE.* 
 
 Definition. — A dark-brown liquid containing 
 numerous ingredients much used in the pernicious 
 malarial fevers of India. (See formula in United 
 Slates Dispensatory.) 
 
 Dose, fgss. 
 
 Officinal Name, EUCALYPTUS. English Name, EUCA- 
 LYPTUS. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves of Eucalyptus globulus 
 collected from the older parts of the tree. 
 
 Natural Order. — Myrtaceae. Habitat. — Australia. 
 
 Officinal Preparations . 
 Extractum Eucalypti Fluidum, .... f^j-ij. 
 Oleum Eucalypti, TT\^v-xx. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
2 28 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 229 
 
 ACIDUM PICRICUM. PICRIC ACID * 
 
 Trinitrophenol, C^Hj (N02)30H. 
 
 Definition. — Made by .dissolving crystals of car- 
 bolic acid in strong sulphuric acid, and adding nitric 
 acid to the solution. 
 
 Used mostly in the arts. 
 
 FAMILY v.— ANTIPYRETICS. 
 Remedies which do not affect the normal tempera- 
 ture but cause a reduction of the temperature in 
 febrile conditions. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. English Name, 
 CARBOLIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — A constituent of coal-tar, obtained 
 by distillation and then purified ; also called phenic 
 and phenylic acid. 
 
 The crude form is used as a disinfectant. Occurs 
 in the form of needle-shaped crystals, white when 
 pure but inclined to turn red. 
 . Used internally in doses of gr. j. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Unguentum Acidi Carbolici, ten per cent. 
 
 Antidote. — Soluble sulphate (magnesium sul- 
 phate) rapidly administered in large amount. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
230 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 23 1 
 
 Officinal Name, CREOSOTUM. English Name, 
 CREOSOTE. 
 
 Definition. — A mixture of phenols, chiefly of 
 guaiacol (the value of preparation depends on the 
 amount of guaiacol it contains), and creosol, obtained 
 by the distillation of wood-tar. That from beech- 
 wood (Fagus sylvatica, natural order, Cupuliferas) is 
 preferred . 
 
 Dose, "ij-iij. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Aqua Creosoti, one per cent., .... f^j-iv. 
 
 GUAIACOL.* 
 
 Definition. — A syrupy liquid found in creosote; 
 often used in the form of the carbonate. 
 
 Dose, gr. v. 
 
 Guaiacol itself is used in doses of five drops — 
 TT|^xx-xl daily. 
 
 Officinal Name, MENTHOL. English Name, MENTHOL. 
 
 Definition. — A stearopten obtained from the 
 officinal oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita) or 
 other menthae. 
 
 Used as a local anesthetic by rubbing it on the 
 part to be anesthetized.' 
 
 Officinal Name, THYMOL. 
 Definition. — A phenol obtained from the oil of 
 thyme. It is a local anesthetic and antiseptic, and 
 often used as a spray in throat and mouth affections. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
232 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 233 
 
 Officinal Name, RESORCINUM. English Name, 
 RESORCIN. 
 Definition. — A diatomic phenol, antiseptic and 
 antifermentative. 
 Dose, gr. ij-v. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. English Name, 
 SALICYLIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — An organic acid found in most 
 plants, but generally prepared synthetically from 
 carbolic acid. Soluble in 450 parts of water and in 
 2 4 of alcohol. 
 
 Dose, gr. x-^j. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Sodii Salicylas, gr. v-^ss. 
 
 Lithii Salicylas, gr. j-x. 
 
 (3J-JSS of the Sodii Salicylas in twenty-four hours, prefer- 
 ably administered in milk.) 
 
 Officinal Name, OLEUM GAULTHERI.E. English Name, 
 OIL OF WINTERGREEN. 
 
 Definition. — A volatile oil distilled from the 
 leaves of the Gaultheria procumbens. 
 
 Natural Order. — Ericaceae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Consists almost entirely of methyl salicylate, to 
 which its virtue is due. 
 
 Dose, n\^x-xv, in capsule or emulsion. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 
 Spiritus Gaultherige, f^:^ss-j. 
 
 i6 
 
234 FOR THERArEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 235 
 
 Officinal Name, SALICINUM. English Name, SALICIN. 
 
 Definition. — A neutral principle obtained from 
 several species of Salix (willow). Consists of white, 
 silky, crystalline needles ; odorless, but of very bitter 
 taste. Soluble in hot or cold water. 
 
 Dose, gr. x-gj. 
 
 Officinal Name, BENZOINUM. English Name, BENZOIN. 
 
 Definition. — A balsamic resin obtained from 
 Styrax benzoin. 
 
 Natural Order. — Styracege. Habitat. — Peru. 
 
 Contains benzoic acid, a volatile oil and a resin. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Adeps Benzoinatus, external use. 
 
 Tinctura Benzoini, f^j-ij. 
 
 Tinctura Benzoini Composita, . . . f 5J-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, SAI.OL, English Name, SALOL. 
 
 Definition. — The salicylic ether of phenol. A 
 white, crystalline powder resembling in odor oil of 
 wintergreen ; tasteless ; almost insoluble in water. 
 
 Dose, gr. v-xv, t. i. d. 
 
 ANTIPYRIN.* 
 
 Definition. — A white, odorless powder, having 
 a slightly bitter taste. Obtained synthetically and 
 by the distillation of coal-tar. 
 
 Dose, gr. x-xx. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
236 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 237 
 
 ANTIFEBRIN (ACETANILIDUM,* PHENACETIN). f 
 Definition. — Coal-tar products, all resembling 
 
 antipyrin in appearance and effect. 
 Dose, gr. v-xv, repeated if necessary. 
 
 THALLIN. t 
 Definition. — A synthetically prepared alkaloid ; 
 antipyretic. 
 Dose, gr. v-x. 
 
 FAMILY I.— STOMACHICS. 
 
 Substances which, by increasing the activity of the 
 glands of the gastro-intestinal tract, facilitate diges- 
 tion. 
 
 The simple bitters are all of vegetable origin, of 
 bitter taste, and while they stimulate markedly the 
 mucous membrane of the gastro-intestinal tract, have 
 practically no effect on the general system. 
 
 They include quassia and calumba, whose pre- 
 parations contain no tannic acid and may therefore 
 be used with iron preparations. 
 
 Almost if not all other vegetable preparations con- 
 tain tannic acid, and are therefore incompatible with 
 iron preparations. 
 
 Simple Bitters. 
 Officinal Name, QUASSIA. 
 Definition. — The wood oi Picraena excelsa. 
 
 * Acetaniliduni is officinal. f Not officinal. 
 
238 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 239 
 
 Natural Order. — Simarubeae. Habitat. — Jamaica. 
 Contains quassin, a neutral, bitter principle. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Quassiae, gr. j-v. 
 
 Extractum Quassia Fluidum, .... n\^x-xxx. 
 Tinctura Quassiae, f^ss-ij. 
 
 . An infusion is often used as an enema in treatment 
 for seat-worms. 
 
 Officinal Name, GENTIANA. English Name, GENTIAN. 
 
 Definition. — The root of Gentiana lutea (yellow- 
 alpine gentian). 
 
 Natural Order. — Gentianese. Habitat. — Europe. 
 
 Contains the active principle gentiopikrin and gen- 
 tisic acid. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Gentianae, gr. ij-x. 
 
 Extractum Gentianae Fluidum, .... TT\^x-xxx. 
 Tinctura Gentianse Composita, . . . f ^j-iv. 
 
 Officinal Name, HYDRASTIS. English Name, GOLDEN 
 SEAL. 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome and rootlets of Hydras-, 
 tis canadensis, tumeric root, etc. 
 
 Natural Order. — Ran uncu lace ae. Habitat. — In- 
 digenous. 
 
 Contains the alkaloids hydrastine and ber- 
 berine. 
 
2 40 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 24I 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Hydrastis Fluidum, . . . TT^x-f 5J. 
 
 Glyceritum Hydrastis, f,^j. 
 
 Tinctura Hydrastis, f 3 ss-ij. 
 
 Hydrastininne Hydrochloras, gJ"- X- 
 
 Officinal Name, CALUMBA. English Name, COLUMBO. 
 
 Definition. — The root oi Jateorhiza palmata. 
 
 Natiwal Order. — Menispermacese. Habitat. — 
 Africa. 
 
 Contains the alkaloid berberine, which is found 
 in many plants, and columbin^ a bitter principle ; but 
 no tannic acid. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Calumbae Fluidum, . . . . Tl^xv-f;^ss. 
 Tinctura Calumbae, f^MJ- 
 
 Officinal Name, EUPATORIUM. English Name, THOR- 
 OUGHWORT, BONESET. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves and flowering tops of 
 Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Compositae. Habitat. — Indige- 
 nous. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 
 Extractum Eupatorii Fluidum, .... f^j-iv. 
 
 Officinal Name, PRUNUS VH^GINIANA. English Name, 
 Wn.D CHERRY BARK. 
 
 Definition. — The inner bark of Prunus serotina, 
 collected in autumn. 
 
242 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 243 
 
 Nattiral Order. — Rosaceae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 It contains the glucoside amygdalin, tannic acid, 
 bitter extractives, and emulsin. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Pruni Virginianae Fluidum, fgss. 
 
 Infusum Pruni VirginianDe, ^JU- 
 
 Syrupus Pruni Virginianae, vehicle. 
 
 Officinal Name, CHIRATA. 
 Definition. — The QwUxt plants Swertia chirata. 
 Natural Order. — Gentianeae. Habitat. — India. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Chirataj Fluidum, .... TT^x-xxx. 
 Tinctura Chiratae, f^ss-j. 
 
 Aromatics. 
 Used mostly as carminatives (to expel flatus), to 
 disguise the taste of other medicines, and to prevent 
 the griping of purgatives. They all contain a vola- 
 tile oil, to which their activity is due. 
 
 Officinal Name, CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM. English 
 
 Name, CEYLON CINNAMON (CINNAMOMUM, 
 
 Pharm., 1880). 
 
 Definition. — The inner bark of the shoots of 
 Cinnamomum zeylanicum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Laurinese. Habitat. — Ceylon. 
 
244 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 245 
 
 Officinal Freparaiions. 
 
 Oleum Cinnamomi, ^-v. 
 
 Aqua Cinnamomi, vehicle. 
 
 Spiritus Cinnamomi, TTLx-f^ss. 
 
 Tinctura Cinnamomi, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Pulvis Aromaticus, contains cinnamon, 
 
 ginger, nutmeg, and cardamom, . . gr. x-xx. 
 Extractum Aromaticum Fluidum, . . TT\^x-xx. 
 
 Officinal Name, MYRISTICA. Etiglish Name, NUTMEG. 
 
 Definition. — The seed of Myristica fragrans, de- 
 prived of its testa. 
 
 Natural Order. — Myristicaceae. Habitat. — West 
 Indies and various islands of Asia. 
 
 Used in pulvis aromaticus and tinctura lavandulae 
 
 composita. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Oleum Myristicae, rt\,ij-v. 
 
 Spiritus Myristicoe, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, CARYOPHYLLUS. English Name, 
 CLOVES. 
 
 Definition. — The mxtyi^zwAtdi flowers of Eugenia 
 aromatica. 
 
 Natural Order. — Myrtacese. Habitat. — Molucca 
 Islands, India. 
 
 Used in tinctura lavandulae composita. 
 
 Officittal Preparation, 
 Oleum Caryophylli, ^j-v. 
 
246 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 247 
 
 Officinal Name, PIMENTA. English Name, ALLSPICE. 
 Definition.-^The nearly ripe fruit of Pimenta 
 officinalis. 
 
 Natural Order. — Myrtacese. Habitat. — West In- 
 dies. 
 
 Offi,cinal Preparation. 
 Oleum Piraentae, ^-v. 
 
 Officinal Name, CARDAMOMUM. English Name, CARDA- 
 MOM, OR CARDAMOM SEEDS. 
 
 Definition. — The/rz^zVof Elettaria repens. 
 Natural Order. — Scitamineae. Habitat. — East 
 Indies. 
 
 Used in pulvis aromaticus. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Tinctura Cardamomi, f^^ss-j. 
 
 Tinctura Cardamomi Composita, . . f^ss-j. 
 
 Officinal Name, PIPER. English Name, BLACK PEPPER. 
 
 Definition. — The unripe fruit of Piper nigrum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Piperaceae. Habitat. — East In- 
 dies. 
 
 Contains an acrid resin, the alkaloid piperine, 
 and a volatile oil. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Oleoresina Piperis, TT\^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, CAPSICUM. English Name, RED, 
 CAYENNE, AFRICAN, PEPPER. 
 
 Definition. — T)\t fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum. 
 
248 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 249 
 
 Natural Order. — Solanacese. Habitat. — West 
 Indies. 
 
 Contains a resin, fixed and volatile oils. 
 May be used in doses of gr. ij-v, in pill. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Capsici Fluidum, TT\^ij-x. 
 
 Oleoresina Capsici, gr. ss-j. 
 
 Tinctura Capsici, n\^v-xxx. 
 
 Emplastrum Capsici, 
 
 Officinal Name, ZINGIBER. English Name, GINGER. 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome of Zingiber officinale. 
 
 Natural Order. — Scitamineae. Habitat. — East 
 and West Indies. 
 
 Contains a volatile oil and an acrid resin. 
 
 Used in pulvis aromaticus and in pulvis rhei com- 
 positus. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Oleoresina Zingiberis, n\^ss-ij. 
 
 Extractum Zingiberis F'luidum, . . . n\^v-xv. 
 
 Tinctura Zingiberis, 3 ss-j. 
 
 Syrupus Zingiberis, vehicle. 
 
 Trochisci Zingiberis, j ^=: n\^ij of tincture. 
 
 Officinal Name, FCENIGULUM. English Name, FENNEL. 
 
 Definition. — The fruit of Fceniculum capilla- 
 ceum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Umbelliferse. Habitat. — South 
 England. 
 17 
 
250 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF- MATERIA MEDICA. 25 1 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Aqua Foeniculi, f^j-f Jss. 
 
 Oleum P'oeniculi, '^-^' 
 
 Officinal Name, OLEUM CAJUPUTI. English Name, 
 OIL OF CAJUPUT. 
 
 Definition. — A volatile oil distilled from the 
 leaves of Melaleuca leucadendron. 
 
 Natural Order. — Myrtaceae. Habitat. — Molucca 
 Islands. 
 
 Dose, n\^v-xv. 
 
 Used as parasiticide, externally. 
 
 Officinal Name, CARUM. English Name, CARAWAY. 
 Definition. — The fruit of Carum carvi. 
 Natural Order. — Umbelliferae. Habitat. — Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Used in compound tincture of cardamom. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Oleum Cari, ^tj-v. 
 
 Officinal Name, CORIANDRUM. English Name, 
 CORIANDER. 
 
 Definition. — The fruit of Coriandrum sativum. 
 Natural Order. — Umbelliferae. Habitat. — Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Dose, gr. v-xxx. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Oleum Coriandri, tT\^j-v. 
 
252 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 253 
 
 Officinal Name, ANISUM. English Name, ANISE. 
 Definition. — The fruit of Pimpinella anisum. 
 Natural Order. — U m bell i ferae. Habitat. — Eu- 
 ro pe. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Oleum Anisi, l^j~^- 
 
 Spiritus Anisi, f^^ss-ij. 
 
 Aqua Anisi, vehicle. 
 
 Officinal Name, OLEUM SASSAFRAS. English Name, 
 OIL OF SASSAFRAS. 
 
 Definition. — A volatile oil distilled from Sassa- 
 fras. 
 
 Dose, TT\^ij-v, mostly as flavoring. 
 
 Officinal Name, AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX. English 
 Name, SWEET ORANGE PEEL. 
 
 Definition. — The rind of \ht fruit of Citrus au- 
 rantium. 
 
 Natural Order. — Rutaceae, Habitat. — Europe 
 and United States. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Oleum Aurantii Corticis, . . 
 Spiritus Aurantii, ... 
 Spiritus Aurantii Compositus, 
 Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis, . . 
 Syrupus Aurantii, 
 
 vehicles and 
 flavors. 
 
 Officinal Name, AURANTII AMARI CORTEX. English 
 Name, BITTER ORANGE PEEL. 
 
 Definition. — The rind oi the fruit of Citrus vul- 
 garis. 
 
254 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 255 
 
 Natural Order. — Rutacese. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Aurantii Amari Fluidum, . f 3J. 
 Tinctura Aurantii Amari, i'y^]-\]. 
 
 Officinal Name, AURANTII FLORES (Pharm., 1880). 
 English Name, ORANGE FLOWERS. 
 
 Definition. — The flowers of both the foregoing 
 
 species. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Syrupus Aurantii Florum, vehicle. 
 
 Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior, .... vehicle. 
 Oleum Aurantii Florum, flavor. 
 
 Officinal Name, LAVANDULA (Pharm., 1880). English 
 Name, LAVENDER. 
 
 Definition. — Th^ fresh leaves and tops of Lavan- 
 dula officinalis. 
 
 Natural Order. — Labiatae. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Oleum Lavandulae Florum ^j-v* 
 
 Tinctura Lavandulae Composita, . . . f^ss-ij. 
 Spiritus Lavandulae, f 3 ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, SALVIA. English Name, SAGE. 
 Definition. — The leaves of Salvia officinalis. 
 Natural Order. — Labiatae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Often used as a gargle in shape of an infusion. 
 
256 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 257 
 
 Officinal Name, ROSMARINUS (Pharm., 1880). English 
 Name, ROSEMARY. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves of Rosmarinus offici- 
 nalis. 
 
 The oil is sometimes used in two to five drop 
 doses. 
 
 Officinal Name, MENTHA PIPERITA. English Name, 
 PEPPERMINT. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves and tops of Mentha 
 piperita. 
 
 Officinal Name, MENTHA VIRIDIS. English Name, 
 SPEARMINT. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves and tops of Mentha 
 viridis. 
 
 Both Mentha piperita and Mentha viridis belong 
 to Natural order, Labiatse. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 The oil, water, and spirit of both peppermint and 
 spearmint are officinal. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Oleum Menthiie Piperitoe, .... 
 
 Oleum Menthae Viridis, 
 
 Aqua Menthge Piperita, . . . , 
 
 Aqua Menlh?e Viridis, 
 
 Spiritus MentliDS PiperitDe, f^ss. 
 
 Spiritus Menthae Viridis, f^^^ss. 
 
 - vehicles. 
 
258 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 259 
 
 Officinal Name, MELISSA. English Name, BALM. 
 Definition. — The leaves and tops of Melissa of- 
 ficinalis. 
 Natural Order. — Labiatse. 
 Used in infusion. 
 
 Officinal Name, CALAMUS. English Name, SWEET 
 FLAG. 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome of Acorus calamus. 
 
 Natural Order, — Aroideae. Habitat. — United 
 
 States. 
 
 Officinal Preparation, 
 
 Extractum Calami Fluidum, f^ss-j. 
 
 Aromatic Bitters. 
 
 Officinal Name, ANTHEMIS. English Name, CHAMO- 
 MILE, OR CHAMOMILE FLOWERS. 
 
 Definition. — The flower-heads of Anthemis no- 
 bilis. 
 
 Natural Order. — Compositae. Habitat. — Europe 
 and America. 
 
 Mostly used as an infusion, the so-called chamo- 
 mile tea (German Brust-Thee), breast-tea. 
 
 Dose, gss of the flowers to Oj of water. 
 
 Officinal Name, SERPENTARIA. English Name, VIR- 
 GINIA SNAKEROOT. 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome and rootlets of Aris- 
 tolochia serpentaria and of Aristolochia reticulata. 
 
26o FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 26 1 
 
 Natural Order. — Aristolochiaceae. Habitat, — 
 United States. 
 
 Used in tinctura cinchonas composita. 
 
 Ojfficinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Serpentarise Fluidum, . . Tr\^x-f 3 ss. 
 Tinctura Serpentariae, f^r^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, CASCARILLA. English Name, 
 CASCARILLA. 
 
 Definition. — The bark of Croton eluteria. 
 Natural Order. — Euphorbiacese. Habitat. — West 
 Indies. 
 
 Used mostly in infusion. 
 
 FAMILY II.— EMETICS. 
 Emetics include those drugs which cause emesis or 
 vomiting. 
 
 Vegetable Emetics. 
 
 Officinal Name, IPECACUANHA. English Name, 
 IPECAC. 
 
 Definition. — The root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha. 
 Natural Order. — Rubiaceae. Habitat. — Brazil. 
 Its activity is due to the alkaloid emetine. 
 Emetic dose of ipecac in powder, gr. x-xxx ; as 
 diaphoretic and expectorant, gr. ]/%-]. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Syrupus Ipecacuanhge (used almost en- 
 tirely for children) , emeticdose,f i^j- 
 iv ; diaphoretic and expectorant, . . Tr\^iij-xx. 
 
262 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 263 
 
 Vinum Ipecacuanhse, emetic dose, . . f^j-ij. 
 Extractum Ipecacuanhse Fluidum, eme- 
 tic dose, TT\^xx-xl. 
 
 Trochisci Ipecacuanhae, i^=gr- % of ipecac. 
 
 Tinctura Ipecacuanhse et Opii, . . . ^ 
 
 Pulvis Ipecacuanhze et Opii, ....>- See Opium. 
 
 Trochisci Morphinse et Ipecacuanhae, J 
 
 Officinal Name, SANGUINARIA. English Name, BLOOD- 
 ROOT. 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome of Sanguinaria cana- 
 densis. 
 
 Natural Order. — Papaveracese. Habitat. — Widely 
 diffused. 
 
 Contains the alkaloids chelerythrine (most abun- 
 dant), hqmochelidonine, sanguinarine, and proto- 
 pine. 
 
 Dose, as emetic, gr. x-xxx ; rarely used in crude 
 form. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Sanguinariae Fluidum, . . . TT\^j-v. 
 Tinctura Sanguinarioe, Ti:\^xv-xxx. 
 
 Officinal Name, APOMORPHIN^E HYDROCHLORAS. 
 English Name, HYDROCHLORATE OF APOMORPHINE. 
 
 Definition. — The hydrochlorate of an artificial 
 alkaloid prepared from morphine or codeine. 
 
 Dose, emetic, — generally given hypodermically, 
 — gr. tV->^ 'y expectorant, gr. ^-=-tV- 
 
 Squill is occasionally used as an emetic. 
 
264 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 265 
 
 Mustard Flour — the ordinary mustard of the 
 grocer — is one of the emetics most frequently em- 
 ployed. It is given in warm water, about gij to Oj, 
 repeated if necessary in two to five minutes. 
 
 Mineral Emetics. 
 
 Tartar Emetic, — very slow and depressing, but 
 extremely persistent. Not much used. 
 'Dose, gr. ss-ij. 
 
 Sulphate of zinc acts promptly, is purely me- 
 chanical, and produces no irritation. It acts well in 
 combination with ipecac, say 30 grains of sulphate 
 of zinc with 50 grains of ipecac, and then one-half 
 of the above mixture every fifteen minutes to eff'ect 
 desired result. 
 
 Sulphate of copper is more irritating than sul- 
 phate of zinc, which is preferable in every way. 
 
 Dose, gr. v-x, not to be repeated. 
 
 Alum (powdered) has been used in ^j dose in 
 syrup or molasses for children (as in membranous 
 croup), but is considered unreliable by Dr. Wood. 
 
 FAMILY III.— CATHARTICS. 
 Purgatives or cathartics are drugs producing pur- 
 gation or catharsis by increasing intestinal secretion 
 or peristaltic action. 
 
 _They include (i) laxatives, (2) purges, (3) hydra- 
 gogues, and (4) drastics. 
 
 Laxatives simply cause a mild evacuation of the 
 
266 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 267 
 
 bowels, and do not produce purgation even when 
 given in large doses. 
 
 Officinal Name, TAMARINDUS. English Name, TAMA- 
 RIND. 
 
 Definition. — The preserved pulp of i\\Q fruit of 
 Tamarindus indica. 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosae. Habitat. — East 
 alid West Indies. 
 
 Contains citric, malic, and tartaric acids. 
 
 Dose, ^ss-j, as laxative. 
 
 Used in confection of senna. 
 
 Officinal Name, MANNA. 
 Definition. — The concrete^ saccharine exudation 
 of Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 Natu7'al Order. — Oleaceae. Habitat. — Sicily. 
 Contains viannite, an active crystalline principle. 
 Dose, for adult, ^ss-ij ; child, 3J-^ss. 
 
 Officinal Name, CASSIA FISTULA. English Name, 
 PURGING CASSIA. 
 
 Definition. — The fruit of Cassia fistula. 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosse. Habitat. — North 
 America. 
 
 Dose, 5J-ij. 
 
 Used in confection of senna. 
 
 Officinal Name, FRANGULA. English Name, BUCK- 
 THORN. 
 Definition. — The bark of Rhamnus frangula, 
 collected at least one year before being used. 
 
268 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 269 
 
 Contains franguline, an active principle, and 
 eftiodine (glucoside). 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Frangulse Fluidum, .... f J^ss-ij. 
 
 The bark of Rhamnus purshiana, or California 
 buckthorn (cascara sagrada) is much oftener used 
 
 than the above. 
 
 Officinal Preparation, 
 Extractum Rhamni Purshianae Fluid- 
 um, "Vx-fgj. 
 
 Officinal Name, EUONYMUS. English Name, Y^KB.00. 
 
 Definition. — The bark of the root oi Euonymus 
 atropurpureus. 
 
 Natural Order. — Celastrinese. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Contains euonymin,'^ a bitter principle. 
 
 Dose, gr. ij-iv. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Euonymi, gr. ij-vj. 
 
 Officinal Name, English Name, 
 
 MAGNESIA. LIGHT MAGNESIA. 
 
 MAGNESIA PONDEROSA. HEAVY MAGNESIA. 
 
 Definition. — These differ only in physical char- 
 acteristics. 
 
 Dose, gr. x-3ij. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
270 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 27 1 
 
 Officinal Preparations, 
 
 Magnesii Carbonas, gr. x-^t^ij. 
 
 Magnesii Citras Effervescens, . . . . gr. x-^ij. 
 
 Liquor Magnesii Citratis, f^iv-viij, 
 
 Magnesii Sulphas {Epsom salt), more 
 
 active than the above, ,^U~^J- 
 
 SULPHUR. BRIMSTONE.* 
 Dose, gr. x-xx, t. i. d. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Sulphur Sublimatum (flowers of sul- 
 phur), often given in molasses, . . . 5J-iv. 
 
 Unguentum Sulphuris. 
 
 Sulphur Lotum (washed sulphur), . . 3J-iv. 
 
 Sulphuris lodidum. 
 
 Sulphur Prsecipitatum (precipitated sul- 
 phur), .;^j-iv. 
 
 Calx sulphurata et potassa sulphurata — sulphurated 
 lime and sulphurated potassium — are occasionally, 
 though rarely, used. 
 
 Dose, gr. ^-^-\. 
 
 Purges. — Medicines which cause brisk catharsis 
 but are not poisonous even in large doses. 
 
 Officinal Name, OLEUM RICINL English Name, CASTOR 
 OIL. 
 
 Definition. — A cold-expressed oil from the seeds 
 of Ricinus communis. 
 
 ■^ Not officinal. 
 
272 , FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 273 
 
 Natural Order. — Euphorbiaceae. Habitat. — India. 
 
 The seeds contain ricin, an active poisonous prin- 
 ciple which, however, is not communicated to the 
 oil. 
 
 Dose, f^ij-f^j. 
 
 . Officinal Name, HYDRARGYRUM. English Navie, 
 MERCURY. 
 
 Blue mass and calomel are used as cathartics. (See 
 Mercury.) 
 
 Officinal Name, RHEUM. English Name, RHUBARB. 
 
 Definition. — The root oi Rheum officinale. 
 Natural Order. — Polygonaceae. Habitat. — China. 
 Dose, in powder as stomachic, gr. j-vj cathartic, 
 gr. XX-3J. 
 
 Officinal Preparations . 
 
 Extraclum rhei, gr. v-x. 
 
 Extractum rhei fluidum, n:\^x-xxx. 
 
 Tinctura rhei, % 
 
 Tinctura rhei aromatica, >-f^ss-ij. 
 
 Tinctura rhei dulcis, -' 
 
 Mistura rhei et sodse, f^^ss-ij. 
 
 Syrupus rhei (for infants), f ^j. 
 
 Syrupus rhei aromaticus (for infants), . f^j. 
 
 Pilulse rhei, aa gr. iij. 
 
 Pilulae rhei compositse (rhubarb, gr. ij ; 
 aloes, gr. jss). 
 
 Pulvis rhei compositus (ginger, i ; rhu- 
 barb, 2 ; magnesia, 6). 
 
2 74 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 275 
 
 Officinal Name, JUGLANS. English Name, BUTTERNUT. 
 
 Definition. — The bark of the root of Juglans 
 cinerea, collected in the autumn. 
 
 Natural Order, — Jiiglandacese. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Juglandis, . . gr. x-xxx. 
 
 Officinal Name, ALOE (Pharra., 1880), ALOE BARBADEN- 
 
 SIS, ALOE SOCOTRINA. English Name, ALOES. 
 
 Definition. — The t?tspissated Juice of the leaves 
 of Aloe vera (Barbadoes aloes) and Aloe Perriyi 
 (socotrine aloes). 
 
 Natural Order. — Liliaceae. Habitat. — Socotra, 
 Zanzibar. 
 
 Contains aloinum (aloin), a neutral principle. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Aloe Purificata, 
 
 Extractum Aloes, 
 
 Pilulse Aloes, soap and aloes, . . 
 
 Pilulse Aloes et Asafoetidse, aloes, asafe- 
 tida, and soap, of each, ly^ grs. 
 
 Pilulse Aloes et Mastiches [Lady Web- 
 ster's pills), aloes, 2 grs.; mastic and 
 rose, of each, ^ gr. 
 
 Pilulce Aloes et Ferri, aloes and ferrous 
 sulphate, of each, i gr. 
 
 Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae, aloes, 2 grs. ; 
 myrrh, l gr. ; aromatic powder, j4. g^- 
 
 Tinctura Aloes, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae, ... f^ss-ij. 
 
 Aloinum, gr. ^^^-j. 
 
 gr- 
 
 ss- 
 
 -X. 
 
 gr. 
 
 ss- 
 
 -V. 
 
 gr. 
 
 IJ- 
 
 
276 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 277 
 
 Officinal Name, SENNA. English Name, SENNA. 
 
 Definition. — The leaflets of Cassia acutifolia and 
 Cassia angusti folia. 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosse. Habitat. — Egypt 
 and Arabia. 
 
 Officinal Preparalions. 
 
 Confectio Sennae, .^j""^^- 
 
 Syrupus Sennse, f^J"'^- 
 
 Extractum Sennae Fluidura, .... f;5J-iv. 
 Infusum Sennoe Compositum (black 
 
 draught), f^ij-f^ss. 
 
 Used also in pulvis glycyrrhizae compositus (com- 
 pound liquorice powder). 
 
 Hydragogues *' (including the salines) pro- 
 duce large watery stools without much irritation." 
 
 Officinal Preparations of Magnesia used as Purgatives. 
 Magnesii Sulphas (Epsom salt), . . . gr. x-^j, 
 Magnesii Citras Eflfervescens, . . . . gr. x-^j. 
 Liquor Magnesii Citratis, ..... fjij-iv. 
 
 Officinal Name, SODII SULPHAS. English Name, 
 GLAUBER'S SALT. 
 
 Definition. — Not much used ; practically the 
 same as sulphate of magnesia, but of more disagree- 
 able taste. 
 
 Officinal Name, SODII PHOSPHAS. English Name, 
 PHOSPHATE OF SODIUM. 
 
 Dose, gr. x-3iv. 
 
278 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 279 
 
 Officinal Name, POTASSII ET SODII TARTRAS. 
 English Name, ROCHELLE SALT. 
 
 Definition. — Occurs in large crystals, but usually 
 kept in powdered form. 
 Dose, §ss-ij, in water. 
 
 Officinal Name, PULVIS EFFERVESCENS COMPOSITUS. 
 English Naitie, SEIDLITZ POWDER. 
 
 Definition. — Contains two papers : the white is 
 made of 35 grains of tartaric acid, the blue of 40 
 grains of sodium bicarbonate and 120 grains of Ro- 
 chelle salt. 
 
 Dose, one powder. Each paper to be dissolved 
 in a separate glass of water, mix, and drink while 
 effervescing. 
 
 Drastics. — Active, irritant vegetable cathartics; 
 in sufficient amount may cause death. 
 
 Officinal Name, JALA PA. English Name, JALAP. 
 
 Definition. — The tuberous root of Ipomoea jalapa. 
 
 Natural Order, — Convolvulacege. Habitat. — 
 Mexico. 
 
 Contains an active' resin, to which its properties 
 are due. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Jalapge, gr. iij-x. 
 
 Resina Jalapse, gr. ij-v. 
 
 Pulvis Jalapse Compositus, jalap, 35 
 percent. ; potassium bitartrate, 65 per 
 cent., gr. x-^j. 
 
28o FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 28 1 
 
 Officinal Name, COLOCYNTHIS. English Name, 
 COLOCYNTH. 
 
 Definition. — The fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, 
 deprived of its rind. 
 
 Natural Order. — Cucurbitaceae. Habitat. — Africa. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extiactum Colocynthidis, gr. ij-v. 
 
 Extracturn Colocynthidis Compositum, 
 laxative dose, gr. j-iij ; purgative 
 dose, gr. x-xx. 
 
 Pilulae Catharticae Compositae, con- 
 tain compound ext. of colocynth, 80 
 gm. ; mild mercurous chloride, 60 
 gm.; ext. of jalap, 30 gm. ; gamboge, 
 15 gm.; water, q. s., to make looo 
 pills, j-iij pills. 
 
 Officinal Name, SCAMMONIUM. English Name, 
 SCAMMONY. 
 
 Definition. — A resinous exudation from the liv- 
 ing root of Convolvulus scammonia. 
 
 Natural Order. — Convolvulacese. Habitat. — 
 Syria. 
 
 Its activity is due to the resin scammonin. 
 
 Dose, gr. v-xx. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 
 Resina Scammonii, gr. ij-x, 
 
 19 
 
FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 283 
 
 Officinal Name, PODOPHYLLUM. English Name, 
 MAY APPLE. 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome and roots of Podo- 
 phyllum peltatum. 
 
 Natural Order, — Berberideae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Contains the alkaloid berberine and several 
 resins, to which its activity is due. 
 
 Dose, in powder, gr. x-xx. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Podophylli, gr. v-x. 
 
 Extractum Podophylli Fluidum, . . . tT\^ x-xx. 
 Resina Podophylli (podophyllin), . . gr. ]/%-%. 
 
 Officinal Name, ELATERINUM. English Name, ELAT- 
 ERIN. 
 
 Definition. — A neutral principle obtained from 
 elateriuMy a substance deposited by the juice of Ec- 
 ballium elaterium (squirting cucumber). 
 
 Natural Order. — Cucurbitacese. Habitat. — Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Dose, gr. y^i- 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Trituratio Elaterini, gr. %-y 
 
 Officinal Name, CAMBOGIA. English Name, GAMBOGE. 
 
 Definition. — K gum r^fi-zV? obtained from Garcinia 
 Hanburii. 
 
284 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 285 
 
 Natural Order. — Guttiferae. Habitat. — Siam. 
 Used in pilulae catharticse compositae. 
 
 Officinal Name, OLEUM TIGLII. English Name, 
 CROTON OIL. 
 
 Definition.— A fixed oil expressed from the seed 
 of Croton tiglium. 
 ' Natural Order. — Euphorbiacese. Habitat. — India. 
 
 Dose, ni,j-ij. 
 
 Used externally as counter-irritant. 
 
 FAMILY IV.— DIURETICS. 
 Medicines which increase the flow of urine. They 
 include (i) the hydragogue diuretics, which simply 
 increase the flow of water from the kidneys, and are 
 therefore useful in dropsy. (2) Refrigerant diuretics, 
 which exert a marked sedative action, and so modify 
 the secretion that they render the urine less irritant. 
 (3) Alterative diuretics, whose active principles are 
 eliminated by the kidneys and thus act on the mucous 
 surfaces over which they pass. 
 
 Hydragogue Diuretics. 
 
 Officinal Name, SCILLA. English Name, SQUILL. 
 
 Definition. — The sliced bulb of Urginea mari- 
 tima. 
 
 Natural Order. — Liliacese. Habitat. — South 
 Europe. 
 
 Dose, in powder, gr. j-ij. 
 
286 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 287 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Acetum Scillae, TT\^x-f3ss. 
 
 Extractum Scillse Fluidum, ^-ij- 
 
 Tinctura Scilloe, TT\^x-f5ss. 
 
 Syrupus ScHIk, f^ss-j. 
 
 Syrupus Scillse Compositus [Cox's hive 
 
 syrup), 2 parts in 1000 of tartar emetic, n\^v-xxx. 
 
 Officinal Name, SCOPARIUS. English Name, BROOM. 
 Definition. — The tops of Cytisus scoparius. 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosae. Habitat. — Europe. 
 Contains the alkaloid sparteine and scoparin. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Scoparii Fluidum, .... TT\,ij-x. 
 
 Calomel in large doses is occasionally used as a 
 diuretic. 
 
 The alkaloid theobromine,* used as the salicylate 
 or double salicylate of sodium and theobromine (di- 
 uretine), in daily doses of gr. xv-c, is employed at 
 times, and is a valuable diuretic. 
 
 BLATTA.* 
 
 Definition. — The dried bodies of Blatta orien- 
 talis (cockroach) have often been used as a popular 
 remedy in dropsy. 
 
 Dose, gr. xv-xxx in twenty-four hours. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
288 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 289 
 
 Officinal Name, SPIRITUS ^THERIS NITROSI. E^ig- 
 lish Name, SPIRIT OF NITROUS ETHER. 
 
 Definition. — An alcoholic solution of ethyl ni- 
 trite, yielding not less than ii times its own volume 
 of nitrogen dioxid. 
 
 Dose, as diuretic, f3J-iv. 
 
 , Caffeine, jaborandi, strophanthus, and dig- 
 italis are all valuable diuretics (see Doses, etc., 
 under proper headings). 
 
 Refrigerant Diuretics. 
 POTASSIUM.* 
 Definition. — Obtained from vegetable ash, nitre, 
 and from the argol ox tartar deposited by wine. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Potassa (caustic). 
 
 Liquor Potassa; (five per cent. potassium 
 
 hydrate), n\^v-xx. 
 
 Tiquor Potassii Citratis, citric acid, six 
 parts ; potass, bicarb., eight parts in 
 100, f^ss. 
 
 Potassii Acetas, 
 
 Potassii Chloras, 
 
 Potassii Citras, , . . , ... 
 
 Potassii Carbonas, L gr. v- 
 
 Potassii Bicarbonas, 
 
 'Potassii Nittas (saltpetre), . . . 
 
 Potassii Bitartras {cream of tartar), ^ 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
290 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 29 1 
 
 Potassii et Sodii Tartras (Rochelle salt), 3J. 
 
 Potassii Sulphas, 3J. 
 
 Trochisci Potassii Chloratis, . . , . i = gr. v. 
 Liquor Potassii Citratis (Citric acid 
 
 neutralized by potass, bicarb.), . . f,^ss-j. 
 Charta Potassii Nitratis, made from the nitrate (nitre). 
 Potassii Bichromas. 
 Potassii Ferrocyanidum. 
 Potassa Sulphurata. 
 Potassa cum Cake (caustic). 
 
 OJidna/ JVame, LITHU CARBONAS. English Name, 
 LITHIUM CARBONATE. 
 
 Dose, gr. v-xv, t. i. d. 
 
 Besides the carbonate, which is diuretic, there are 
 officinal : 
 
 Lithii Salicylas, >. 
 
 Lithii Bromidum, 
 
 L gr. v-xx. 
 Lithii Benzoas, ( 
 
 Lithii Citras J 
 
 PIPERAZINE.* 
 
 Definition. — Occurs in small, glossy crystals. 
 Its value depends entirely on its solvent power over 
 uric acid. 
 
 May be given hypodermically in two per cent, 
 solution, or gr. xv, in twenty-four hours, in water, 
 as it is highly hygroscopic. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
292 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 293 
 
 Strontium iodide, lactate, and bromide, the 
 
 salts of strontium, are sometimes employed. 
 Dose, gr. xxx in twenty-four hours. 
 
 Alterative Diuretics. 
 Officinal Name, BUCHU. English Name, BUCHU. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves of Barosma betulina and 
 Barosma crenulata. 
 
 Natural Order. — Rutaceae. Habitat. — Africa. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Buchu Fluidum, n^xx-f^^j. 
 
 Officinal Name, PAREIRA. English Name, PAREIRA 
 BRAVA. 
 
 Definition. — The root of Chondodendron tomen- 
 tosum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Menispermaceae. Habitat. — 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 
 Extractum Pareirae Fluidum, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, UVA URSI. English Name, BEARBERRY. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves of Arctostaphylos uva- 
 ursi. 
 
 Natural Order. — Ericaceae. Habitat, — United 
 States and Europe. 
 
 Contains the glucoside arbutin, to which its ac- 
 tivity is due. 
 
294 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 295 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Uvae Ursi, gr. x-xv. 
 
 Extractum Uvse Ursi Fluidum, . . . . f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, CHIMAPHILA. English Name, PIPSIS- 
 SEWA. 
 Definition. — The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata. 
 Natural Order. — Ericaceae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Chimaphilae Fluidum, . . f^ss-j. 
 
 Officinal Name, JUNIPERUS (Pharm., 1880). English 
 Name, JUNIPER. 
 
 Definition. — ThQ fruit of Juniperus communis. 
 Natural Order. — Coniferge. Habitat. — United 
 States and Europe. 
 Contains a volatile oil. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Oleum Juniperi, TTLiJ"^- 
 
 Spiritus Juniperi (five percent, of oil), f^ss-ij. 
 Spiritus Juniperi Compositus (contains 
 
 oils of juniper, caraway, and fennel), f^j-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, OLEUM ERIGERONTIS. English Name, 
 OIL OF ERIGERON. 
 
 Definition. — A volatile oil distilled from the 
 fresh flowering herb of Erigeron canadense or Canada 
 fleabane. 
 
296 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 297 
 
 Natural Order. — Compositae. 
 Dose, TTi^v-f3ss. 
 
 Officinal Name, OLEUM SANTALT. English Name, OIL 
 OF SANDALWOOD. 
 
 Definition. — A volatile oil distilled from the 
 wood of Santalum album. 
 . Natural Order. — Santalaceae. Habitat. — Asia and 
 Australia. 
 
 Dose, n^^ij-x. 
 
 Officinal Name, ZEA. English Name, CORN-SILK. 
 
 Definition. — The styles 2S\A stigmas of Zea mays. 
 Natural Order. — Gramineae. Habitat. — Indi- 
 genous. 
 
 Preparation. 
 
 Extractum Zege Fluidum, f^ss-j. 
 
 Officinal Name, TEREBINTHINA. English Name, 
 TURPENTINE. 
 
 Definition. — A concrete oleoresin from the Pinus 
 palustris. 
 
 Natural Order. — Coniferae. Habitat. — Indige- 
 nous. 
 
 Officinal Preparations . 
 Oleum Terebinthinse (wrongly called 
 
 spirit of turpentine), rT\^v-xv. 
 
 Linimentum Terebinthinge. 
 20 
 
298 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 299 
 
 OJicina/ A^ame, TEREBmTHlN A CANADENSIS. En^/M 
 
 Name, CANADA TURPENTINE, CANADA 
 
 BALSAM, BALSAM OF FIR. 
 
 Definition. — A liquid oleoresin from Abies bal- 
 sam ea. 
 
 Rarely used. 
 
 Officinal Name, COPAIBA. English Name, COPAIBA. 
 
 Definition. — The oleoresin of Copaiba Langs- 
 dorffii. 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosse. Habitat. — South 
 America. 
 
 Dose, ni^xx, t. i. d. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Massa Copaibse, TT\^v-xx. 
 
 Oleum Copaibse, gr. v-xv. 
 
 Resina Copaibae, gr. v-xv. 
 
 Officinal Name, CUBEBA. Rjiglish Name, CUBEBS. 
 
 Definition. — The unripe fruit of Piper cubeba. 
 
 Natural Order. — Piperaceae. Habitat. — East In- 
 dies. 
 
 Contains cubebic acid, a volatile oil, and the neu- 
 tral principle cubebin. 
 
 Dose, in powder, ^ss-j. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Oleum Cubebae, TTLv-xv. 
 
 Tinctura Cubebse, {"7^ ss-ij. 
 
 Extractum Cubebae Fluidum, .... n\^x-xxx. 
 Oleoresina Cubebse, TT\^v-xv. 
 
300 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 30I 
 
 Officinal Name, MATICO. English Name, MATICO. 
 Definition. — The leaves of Piper angusti folium. 
 Natural Order. — Piperacese. Habitat. — Peru. 
 Contains a volatile oil, resin, and bitter principle. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Matico Fluidum, .... {"Z^ ss-j. 
 Tinctura Matico, fgss-ij. 
 
 FAMILY v.— DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 Medicines which increase the flow of perspiration, 
 acting on the skin directly or through the system ; 
 they include : (i) Nauseating diaphoretics, (2) refrig- 
 erant diaphoretics, and (3) simple diaphoretics. 
 
 The nauseating diaphoretics include tartar 
 emetic, ipecac and its preparations, notably Dover's 
 powder. 
 
 The refrigerant diaphoretics include aconite, 
 veratrum viride, the cardiac depressants, and, best 
 of all, potassium citras — either as neutral mixture 
 or effervescing draught. 
 
 The simple diaphoretics include : 
 
 Officinal Name, PILOCARPUS. Ejtglish Name, 
 JABORANDI. 
 
 Definition. — The leaflets of Pilocarpus selloanus 
 and Pilocarpus jaborandi. 
 
 Natural Order. — Rutaceae. Habitat. — Brazil. 
 Contains the alkaloid, pilocarpine. 
 Dose, of crude drug, gr. v to xl. 
 
302 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 303 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Pilocarpi Fluidum, .... TT\^v-l. 
 Pilocarpinae Hydrochloras, gr. yi-%. 
 
 Officinal Name, LIQUOR AMMONII ACETATIS. English 
 Name, SPIRIT OF MINDERERUS. 
 
 Definition. — Dilute acetic acid, neutralized by 
 ciirbonate of ammonium. Valuable as a basis for 
 fever mixtures. 
 
 Dose^ f3j-f§ss.^ 
 
 Officinal Name, SPIRITUS ^THERIS NITROSI. English 
 Name, SPIRIT OF NITROUS ETHER. 
 
 Definition. — An alcoholic solution of ethyl 
 nitrite yielding not less than ii times its own volume 
 of nitrogen dioxid. 
 
 Dose, as diaphoretic, f^j-f ^ss. 
 
 FAMILY VL— EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 Remedies which cause an increase or modification 
 in the amount of secretion from the larger tubes of 
 the respiratory tract, and facilitate the expulsion 
 thereof. 
 
 The nauseating expectorants are lobelia, tar- 
 tar emetic, and ipecac. (See doses elsewhere.) 
 
 Officinal Name, GRINDELIA. English Name, GRINDELIA. 
 Definition. — The leaves and flowering tops of 
 Grindelia robusta and Grindelia squarrosa. 
 
304 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 305 
 
 Natural Order. — Compositae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Grindelise Fluidum, . . . TT^^x-f^ij. 
 
 Stimulating Expectorants. 
 Ammoniuin chloride (ammonii chloridum), in 
 doses of gr. v-xx, is a valuable expectorant. 
 
 Officinal Name, SENEGA. English Name, SENEGA. 
 
 Definition. — The root of Polygala senega. 
 
 Natural Order. — Polygaleae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Contains the glucoside senegin, and polygallic 
 acid. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Senegae Fluidum, .... TTLx-xxx. 
 Syrupus Senegae, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Officinal Name, AMMONIACUM. English Name, 
 AMMONIAC. 
 
 Definition. — K gum resin from Dorema ammoni- 
 acum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Umbelliferae. Habitat. — Persia. 
 Dose, gr. x-xx. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 . Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrar- 
 gyro. 
 Emulsum Ammoniaci, fjss-j. 
 
3o6 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 307 
 
 SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN. * 
 Rarely used. 
 
 Officinal Name, BENZOINUM. English Name, BENZOIN. 
 
 Definition. — A balsamic resin obtained from 
 Styrax benzoin. 
 
 Natural Order. — Styraceae. Habitat. — Peru. 
 Contains benzoic acid, a volatile oil, and a resin. 
 
 Officinal Preparatiotis. 
 
 Adeps Benzoinatus, external use. 
 
 Tinctura Benzoini, f^ss-ij. 
 
 Tinctura Benzoini Composita, . . . . f^ss-ij. 
 
 Acidum Benzoicum, gr. x-^ss. 
 
 Ammonii, ^ 
 
 Lithii, \ Benzoas, gr. x-xv. 
 
 Sodii, J 
 
 Officinal Name, BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. English 
 Name, BALSAM OF PERU. 
 
 Definition. — A balsam from Toluifera pereirae. 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosse. Habitat. — South 
 America. 
 Dose, 5SS. 
 
 Officinal Name, BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. English 
 Name, BALSAM OF TOLU. 
 
 Definition. — A balsam obtained from Toluifera 
 balsamum. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
3o8 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 309 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosae. Habitat. — Cen- 
 tral America. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Tinctura Tolutana, fp^j-iij. 
 
 Syrupus Tolutanus, ^3J-iJ- 
 
 Also used in the compound tincture of benzoin. 
 Mainly used as vehicles. 
 
 Officinal Name, MYRRHA. English Name, MYRRH. 
 
 Definition. — A gum-resin from Commiphora 
 myrrha. 
 
 Natural Order. — Burseraceae. Habitat. — Arabia, 
 Africa. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Pilulse Aloes et Myrrhse, j-iij pills. 
 
 Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae, .... % 
 
 Tinctura Myrrhge, j ^ ~^' 
 
 Mistura Ferri Composita, f ^ ss. 
 
 Officinal Natfie, ALLIUM. English Name, GARLIC. 
 
 Definition. — The bulb of Allium sativum. 
 Natural Order. — Liliacese. Habitat. — Indigen- 
 ous. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Syrupus Allii, {'^]-\]. 
 
 Syrup of squill and compound syrup of 
 squill are also sometimes used as stimulating expec- 
 torants in doses of f^ss. 
 
3IO FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 3IT 
 
 Officinal Name, FIX LIQUIDA. English Name, TAR. 
 
 Definition. — The empyreumatic oleoresin ob- 
 tained by destructive distillation of the wood of 
 Pinus palustris and other species of Pinus. 
 
 Natural Order. — Con i ferae. Habitat. — Indigen- 
 ous. 
 
 On distillation it yields pitch, oil of tar, and pyro- 
 ligneous acid. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Oleum Picis Iviquidse, external use. 
 
 Syrupus Picis Liquidse, f^j-iv. 
 
 Unguentum Picis Liquidse, 50 per cent, 
 tar. 
 
 Officinal Name, TEREBENUM. English Name, 
 TEREBENE. 
 
 Definition. — A clear, colorless y?«/^, obtained by 
 the action of sulphuric acid on oil of turpentine, and 
 then distilled. 
 
 Consists mostly of pinene and very small amounts 
 of terpinene and dipentene. 
 
 Dose, TTLx, in capsule or emulsion, t. i. d. 
 
 FAMILY VII.— EMMENAGOGUES. 
 
 Remedies used to increase or re-establish the men- 
 strual flow. 
 
 They include tonic and stimulating emmenagogues. 
 
 The tonic emmenagogues are iron, myrrh, and 
 aloes. Iron and myrrh act simply by their general 
 
312 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 313 
 
 tonic action and are largely used in anemic affec- 
 tions of the menstrual flow. The effect of aloes is 
 due solely to stimulation of the rectum. 
 
 Stimulating Emmenagogues. 
 Officinal Name, SABINA. English Name, SAVINE. 
 Definition. — The tops of Juniperus sabina. 
 ' Natural Order, — Coniferae. Habitat. — Europe. 
 Contains a volatile oil, to which its activity is due. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Oleum Sabinse, . n\,v-x. 
 
 Extractum Sabinse Fluidum, TT\^v-xv. 
 
 RUTA. RUE.* 
 Definition. — The leaves of Ruta graveolens. 
 Natural Order. — Rutacese. Habitat. — Europe. 
 Contains a volatile oil. 
 
 Preparation. 
 Oleum Rutse, ^ij-vj. 
 
 m 
 
 APIOL.* 
 Definition. — A liquid, neutral principle from 
 Petroselinum sativum — ordinary parsley. 
 Natural Order. — Umbelliferae. 
 Dose, rT\^iij-x, in capsule. 
 
 Potassii permanganas, in doses of gr. j-ij, 
 t. i. d. ; cantharides, in the form of the tincture, 
 
 ■*Not officinal. 
 
314 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 315 
 
 n|^iij-v, and the ammoniated tincture of guaiac, 
 in doses of f^ss-j, have often been employed with 
 success. 
 
 Oficinal Name, TANACETUM. English Name, TANSY. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves and (ops of Tanacetum 
 vulgare. 
 
 ' Natural Order. — Compositge. Habitat. — Indig- 
 enous. 
 
 Contains a volatile oil a.i]d bitter principle. 
 
 Dose, gr. x-xx. The oil is dangerous, dose n\^j-v. 
 
 Officinal Navie, HEDEOMA. English Name, PENNY- 
 ROYAL. 
 
 Definition. — The leaves and tops of Hedeoma 
 pulegioides. 
 
 Natural Order. — Labiatae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Owes its activity to a volatile oil. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Oleum HedeomDe, ^j-v. 
 
 FAMILY VIIL— OXYTOCICS. 
 Remedies which increase uterine muscular con- 
 traction. 
 
 Officinal Name, ERGOTA. English Name, ERGOT. 
 Definition. — The sclerotiuiti of Claviceps pur- 
 purea {natural order^ Fungi), replacing the grain of 
 
3i6 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 317 
 
 rye (Secale cereale, natural order, Graminese), a fun- 
 gous growth from the diseased ovary of the rye. 
 Should not be over one year old. 
 Dose, in powder, gr. xxx. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Extractum Ergotae Fluidum, .... f^ss-j. 
 Vinum Ergotae, f^^^ij-f^ss. 
 
 Ergotin, a concentrated extract of ergot, is some- 
 times used ; gr. v equal to f^j of fluid extract. 
 
 Hydrastis and hydrastinine hydrochlorate 
 have lately been used as oxytocics with good results. 
 (See doses elsewhere.) 
 
 Officinal Name, GOSSYPII RADICIS CORTEX. English 
 Name, COTTON ROOT BARK. 
 
 Definition. — The bark of the root of Gossypium 
 herbaceum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Malvaceae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Used in decoction (^iv to Oj of water) fgij, re- 
 peated as needed. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractura Gossypii Radicis Fluidum, f^ss-ij. 
 
 USTILAGO. SMUT OF INDIAN CORN.* 
 Definition. — Ustilago maydis {natural order, 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
3-8 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 3I9 
 
 Fungi), corn smut or corn ergot, a fungous growth 
 on Zea mays (Indian corn). 
 
 Natural Order. — Gramineae. 
 
 Dose, gr. XV-3J. 
 
 FAMILY IX.— SIALAGOGUES. 
 Those remedies which increase the flow of saliva 
 and oral mucus. 
 
 Officinal Name, PYRETHRUM. English Name, 
 PELLITORY. 
 
 Definition. — The root of Anacyclus pyrethrum. 
 Natural Order. — Compositse. Habitat. — Europe. 
 Dose, 3SS-J to be chewed ; or Tinctura Pyrethri, 
 f5ss-ij. 
 
 FAMILY X.— ERRHINES. 
 Remedies acting on the nasal mucous membrane. 
 
 FAMILY XL— EPISPASTICS. 
 Drugs used to produce blisters. 
 
 Officinal Name, CANTH ARTS. English Name, 
 CANTHARIDES, SPANISH FLIES. 
 
 Definition. — A beetle, Cantharis vesicatoria, in- 
 habiting Spain, Italy, and Southern Europe. 
 
 Order. — Coleoptera. 
 
 The dried bodies contain a volatile oil and a neu- 
 tral principle, cantharidin, to which is due the vesi- 
 cating property. 
 
320 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 32 1 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Ceratum Cantharidis, external use. 
 
 Tinctura Cantharidis, TTLij-v. 
 
 Collodium Cantharidatum , for blistering. 
 Emplastrura Picis Cantharidatum, warm- 
 ing plaster. 
 
 FAMILY XII.— RUBEFACIENTS. 
 Remedies causing powerful irritation and conges- 
 tion of the skin surface, which is, however, of short 
 duration. 
 
 Officinal Name, English Name, 
 
 SINAPIS ALBA. WHITE MUSTARD. 
 
 SINAPIS NIGRA. BLACK MUSTARD. 
 
 Definition. — The seed of Brassica alba (white), 
 and Brassica nigra (black), — mustard. 
 
 Natural Order. — Cruciferae. Habitat. — Europe. 
 
 Officinal Preparations [from black mustard). 
 
 Charta Sinapis, .6 grs. to square in. 
 
 Oleum Sinapis, TT\,ij-v, diluted. 
 
 Linimentuni Sinapis Compositum. 
 
 Capsicum, oleum terebinthinse, and ammo- 
 nia are also employed as rubefacients. 
 
 Officinal Name, FIX BURGUNDICA. English Name, 
 BURGUNDY PITCH. 
 
 Definition. — The prepared resinous exudation of 
 Abies excelsa, or Norway spruce. 
 Natural Order. — Coniferse. 
 Contains a resin and a volatile oil. 
 
32 2 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 323 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Emplastruin Picis Burgundicce. 
 Emplastrum Picis Cantharidatum , warm- 
 ing plaster. 
 
 FAMILY XIII.— ESCHAROTICS. 
 Those remedies which, by contact, destroy either 
 healthy or diseased tissues. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM CHROMICUM. English Name, 
 CHROMIC ACID. 
 
 Definition. — Acicular crystals of deep-red color, 
 very deliquescent, made by the action of sulphuric 
 acid on potassium bichromate. 
 
 Apply with glass rod or platinum wire. 
 
 Officinal Name, BROMUM. English Name, BROMINE. 
 Definition. — A heavy, dark-red, mobile liqtiid ; 
 very powerful caustic. 
 
 Besides the above are used : 
 
 Alumen Exsiccatum. 
 Acidum Sulphuricum. 
 
 *' Nitricum. 
 
 " Hydrochloricum. 
 
 " Arsenosum. 
 Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum. 
 Cupri Sulphas. 
 Zinci Sulphas. 
 Zinci Chloridum. 
 Potassa (caustic potash). 
 Argenti Nitras Fusus (lunar caustic). 
 Potassa cum Calce (Vienna paste). 
 Liquor Potassae, etc. 
 
324 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 325 
 
 FAMILY XIV.— DEMULCENTS. 
 Bland substances, capable of soothing inflamed 
 surfaces ; mostly of a gummy or mucilaginous con- 
 sistency when mixed with water. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACACIA. English Name, GUM ARABIC. 
 
 , Definition. — A gummy exudation from Acacia 
 Senegal. 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosae. Habitat. — Africa 
 and Australia. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Mucilago Acacise, -) 
 
 . . \ vehicles. 
 
 Syrupus Acaciae, J 
 
 Officinal Name, TRAGACANTHA. English Name, 
 TRAGACANTH. 
 
 Definition. — A gummy exudation from Astragalus 
 gummifer. 
 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosae. Habitat, — Asia 
 Minor. 
 
 Officinal Preparation, 
 Mucilago Tragacanthae, vehicle. 
 
 Officinal Name, ULMUS. English Name, SLIPPERY ELM. 
 
 Definition. — The inner bark of Ulmus fulva. 
 
 Natural Order. — Urticaceae. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Mucilago Ulmi, vehicle. 
 
326 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 327 
 
 Officiual Name, CETRARIA. English Name, ICELAND 
 MOSS. 
 
 Definition. — A lichen^ Cetraria islandica, found 
 in Iceland. 
 
 Natural Order, — Lichenes. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Decoctum Cetrarias, f^ss-iv. 
 
 Officinal Name, CHONDRUS. English Names, IRISH 
 MOSS, CARRAGHEEN. 
 
 Definition. — Fronds of Chondrus crispus and 
 Gigartina mamillosa. 
 
 Natural Order. — Algae. Habitat, — New England 
 and Ireland. 
 
 Nutrient and demulcent. 
 
 Officinal Name, QINQY^'^YWLK. English Name, 
 LIQUORICE ROOT. 
 
 Definition. — The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. 
 Natural Order. — Leguminosse. Habitat. — Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Contains the glucoside glycyrrhizin. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Extractum Glycyrrliizse, ^ 
 
 x^ ^ ^ r-y 1 • 171 -J for flavoring and as 
 
 Extractum GlycyrrhiziTe rluidum, . \ . ° 
 
 Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum, . . J 
 
 Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum, . . . . gr. v-x. 
 
 Pulvis Glycyrrhiz3e Compositus (cathartic), 
 
328 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 329 
 
 contains senna, fennel, and washed 
 sulphur, ^ss-ij. 
 
 Mistura Glycyrrhizse Composita (Brown • 
 mixture) contains wine of antimony, 
 paregoric, and sweet spirit of nitre, . f Jss-j. 
 
 Trochisci Glycyrrhizoe et Opii, i = ext. 
 of liquorice, 2 grs,, ext. of opium, 
 
 Officinal Name, LI NUM. English Name, FLAXSEED. 
 Definition. — The seed oi Linum usitatissimum. 
 Natural Order. — Lineae. Habitat. — Widely dif- 
 fused. 
 
 Used as tea. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Oleum Lini {^flaxseed or linseed oil^. 
 
 Officinal Name, SASSAFRAS MEDULLA. English Name, 
 SASSAFRAS PITH. 
 
 Definition. — Tht pith of Sassafras variifolium. 
 
 Natural Order. — Laurineae. Habitat. — Europe 
 and United States. 
 
 It yields a mucilage much used in the treatment 
 of eye affections. 
 
 Officinal Name, ALTHyEA. English N'ame, 
 MARSHMALLOW. 
 
 Definition. — The root o^ Althaea officinalis. 
 Natural Order. — Malvaceae. Habitat. — United 
 
 States. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Syrupus Althseae. 
 22 
 
330 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 33 1 
 
 TAPIOCA.* 
 
 Definition. — The fecula obtained from the root 
 of Janipha raanihot. 
 
 Habitat. — South America. 
 
 Maranta (arrowroot), sago, and hordeum 
 (barley), used mostly as food, are occasionally em- 
 ployed as demulcents. 
 
 FAMILY XV.— EMOLLIENTS. 
 Bland, fatty substances, which soothe and soften 
 the skin. 
 
 Officinal Name, GLYCERINUM. English Name, 
 GLYCERIN. 
 
 Definition. — A clear, colorless liquid of thick 
 syrupy consistence ; odorless ; very sweet, and 
 slightly warm to the taste. Obtained by the decom- 
 position of vegetable or animal fats or fixed oils, and 
 containing at least 95 per cent, of absolute glycerin. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Suppositoria Glycerini. 
 
 LANOLIN.* 
 Definition. — Purified fat of sheep's wool. Often 
 used as an ointment base; more readily absorbed 
 through the skin than most other fats, according to 
 some authorities. 
 
 *Not officinal. 
 
332 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 333 
 
 Officinal Name, ADEPS. Englisfi "^Name, LARD. 
 Definition. — The prepared fat of Susscrofa (hog), 
 contains olein and stearin. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Adeps Benzoinatus. 
 
 Unguentum, lard, four parts ; yellow wax, one part. 
 
 Ceratum, lard, 70 per cent. ; white wax, 30 per cent. 
 
 Officinal Name, CETACEUM. E^iglisfi Name, SPERMA- 
 CETI. 
 
 Definition. — A concrete fatty substance, obtained 
 from Physeter macrocephalus (whale). 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Ceratum Cetacei. 
 Unguentum Aquae Rosse. 
 
 Officinal Name, Englisfi Name, 
 
 CERA FLAVA. YELLOW WAX. 
 
 CERA ALBA. WHITE WAX. 
 
 Definition. — Beeswax ; prepared by Apis melli- 
 fica (honey-bee). 
 
 Officinal Name, OLEUM THEOBROMATIS. English 
 Name, BUTTER OF CACAO. 
 
 Definition. — A fixed oil expressed from the seed 
 of Theobroma cacao. Used for suppositories and 
 in ointments. 
 
 Natural Order. — Sterculiaceae. Habitat. — South 
 America. 
 
334 I*'OR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 335 
 
 Officinal Name, English Name, 
 
 PETROLATUM MOLLE. SOFT PETROLATUM. 
 
 PETROLATUM SPISSUM. HARD PETROLATUM. 
 
 Definition. — A mixture of hydrocarbons ob- 
 tained by the distillation of petroleum. When 
 ''petrolatum" is prescribed, it means always the 
 soft variety. 
 
 FAMILY XVI.— DILUENTS. 
 These are substances (water and medicated waters) 
 which are to be absorbed during their passage 
 through the body, and so dilute its various fluids and 
 excretions. 
 
 FAMILY XVIL— PROTECTIVES. 
 External applications to exclude air and protect 
 inflamed surfaces. 
 
 Officinal Name, <Z0\A.0Vi\\5Vi. English Name, COLLO- 
 DION. 
 
 Definition. — A solution of pyroxylin or gun- 
 cotton in alcohol and etlier. The alcohol and ether 
 evaporate rapidly and leave a translucent, flexible, 
 adherent film on the skin which is impervious to air 
 
 and water. 
 
 Officinal Prepaj-ations. 
 
 CoUodium Flexile, five per cent. Canada turpentine, 
 three percent, castor oil, and 92 percent, collodion. 
 Collodium Stypticum, 20 per cent, tannic acid. 
 Collodium Cantharidatum, blistering. 
 
33^ 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 337 
 
 LIQUOR GUTTA-PERCHA (TRAUMATICINE).* 
 Contains nine per cent, of gutta-percha in com- 
 mercial chloroform. Leaves a film of gutta-percha at 
 place of application after evaporation of the chloro- 
 form, and in this manner various remedies are occa- 
 sionally employed, especially in the treatment of skin 
 diseases. 
 
 DIVISION II. 
 EXTRANEOUS REMEDIES. 
 
 FAMILY I.— ANTACIDS. 
 Remedies used to overcome excessive acidity. 
 
 SODIUM (Metal) .-^ 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 Soda (caustic). 
 
 Liquor Sodae, five per cent, sodium hy- 
 drate, . ... TT^ij-x, 
 
 Sodii Bicarbonas, gr. v-xxx, 
 
 Sodii Carbonas, gr. v-xxx. 
 
 Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis, . . . "] 
 
 Sodii Acetas, 
 
 Sodii Benzoas, | 
 
 Sodii Boras (borax), 
 
 Sodii Bromidum, 
 
 Sodii Cliloras, 
 
 Sodii Chloridum (salt), . ... 
 
 Sodii lodidum, 
 
 Sodii Phosphas, 
 
 Sodii Salicylas, 
 
 Sodii Sulphi Carbolas, 
 
 Sodii Sulphas (Glauber's salt), . . . J 
 
 The liquor, carbonate, and bicarbonate are often 
 est used. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
 gr. v-xxx. 
 
33^ 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 339 
 
 CALCIUM (Metal).* 
 
 [ gr- X- 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Calcii Bromidum, 
 
 Calcii Chloridum, )■ 2.x. x-xxx. 
 
 Calcii Phosphas Prsecipitatus, . 
 
 Cakii Hypophosphis, gr. iij-v. 
 
 Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus. 
 Calx (quick-lime), caustic. 
 Liquor Calcis (lime-water). 
 Linimentum Calcis [carron oil), equal 
 parts of lime-water and olive oil. 
 
 Calx Sulphurata, gr. y^-ss. 
 
 Creta Praeparata (prepared chalk), . . gr. x-^j. 
 
 Mistura Cretae, f^ss. 
 
 Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis, . . . f^ss. 
 Syrupus Calcis, ........ rt\,x-f3J. 
 
 Syrupus Hypophosphitum, .... fgij-iv. 
 
 Syrupus Hypophosphitum cum P'erro, . f 3 ij-iv. 
 
 FAMILY II.— ANTHELMINTICS. 
 Remedies causing the expulsion or death of intes- 
 tinal worms. 
 
 Officinal Name, SPIGELIA. English Name, PINKROOT. 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome and rootlets of Spigelia 
 marilandica, or Carolina pink. 
 
 Natural Order. — Loganiacese. Habitat. — United 
 States. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Spigelise Fluidum, . . . f^:5ss-j. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
34° FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 34 1 
 
 AZEDARACH* 
 
 Definition. — The bark of the root of Melia aze- 
 darach (pride of China). 
 
 Natural Order. — Meliaceae. 
 
 Used in f^ss doses of decoction, giv to Oj of 
 water boiled to Oij. 
 
 ' {^rma/iVaw^, CHENOPODIUM. English Name, 
 AMERICAN WORMSEED. 
 
 Definition. — The fruit of Chenopodium ambro- 
 sioides ; variety, anthelminticum. 
 
 Natural Order. — Chenopodiaceae. Its effects are 
 due to the volatile oil it contains. 
 
 Dose, of oil, TT^v-x, for three-year-old child.^ 
 
 Officinal Name, CUSSO (BRAYERA, Pharm., 1880). Eng- 
 lish Name, KOUSSO. 
 
 Definition. — The female inflorescence of Hagenia 
 abyssinica. 
 
 Natural Order. — Rosaceae. Habitat. — Abyssinia. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Extractum Cusso Fluidum, f^j-iij. 
 
 Officinal Name, SANTONICA. English Name, LEVANT 
 WORMSEED. 
 
 Definition. — The MW^yi'^z.wditA flower-heads of Ar- 
 temisia pauciflora. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
342 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 343 
 
 Natural Order. — Compositae. Habitat. — Europe 
 and Asia. 
 
 Contains the neutral principle santoninum {san- 
 tonin)^ to which its activity is due. Used for round- 
 worms almost exclusively. 
 
 Dose, gr. ss-v for adult, and gr. ^-ss for child. 
 
 Officinal Preparations. 
 
 Trochisci Santonini, I ==: gr. ss. 
 
 Sodii Santoninas (Pharm., 1880), . . gr. ij-v. 
 
 The sodium santoninate is more soluble, and there- 
 fore more dangerous than santonin. 
 
 Officinal Name, ASPIDIUM. English Name, MALE FERN 
 — FILIX-MAS. ■ 
 
 Definition. — The rhizome of Dryopteris filix- 
 mas and Dryopteris marginalis. 
 
 Natural Order. — Filices. 
 
 Its activity is due to an oleo?'esin, which is offici- 
 nal. 
 
 Dose, fjss-j of oleoresin, taken in the morning 
 after fasting twenty-four hours, and repeat in three 
 hours. Used mostly for tapeworm. 
 
 Officinal Name, PEPO. English Name, PUMPKIN SEED. 
 
 Definition. — The seed oi Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 Natural Order. — Cucurbitacese. 
 
 Dose, of seed (powdered with sugar), 5J-ij. 
 
344 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 345 
 
 Turpentine, in doses of fgss, is occasionally 
 given with twice its bulk of castor oil, for both tape- 
 and round worms. 
 
 Officinal Name, GRANATUM. English Name, POME- 
 GRANATE. 
 
 Definition. — The dark of the sleni and root of 
 Punica granatum. 
 
 Natural Order, — Lythrarieae. Habitat. — India. 
 Cultivated in United States. 
 
 Contains the active alkaloids pelletierine and 
 isopelletierine. 
 
 The decoction (^^ij-Oij of water boiled to Oj) is 
 given in doses of f^ij, before breakfast; repeated if 
 necessary. 
 
 Dose of pelletierine, gr. v-x. 
 
 Officinal Name, KAMALA. English Name, KAMALA. 
 
 Definition. — The glands and hairs of the cap- 
 sules of Mallotus philippinensis. 
 
 Natural Order. — Euphorbiaceae. Habitat. — East 
 Indies. 
 
 Contains the active resinoid rottlerin. 
 
 Dose, 3J-ij of powder, given in syrup. 
 
 FAMILY III.— DIGESTANTS. 
 Remedies which increase the action of the gastric 
 and intestinal juices in so far as their solvent power 
 is concerned, and thereby render digestion easier 
 and quicker of accomplishment. 
 23 
 
346 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 347 
 
 Officinal Name, PEPSINUM SACCHARATUM. English 
 Name, PEPSIN— SACCHARATED PEPSIN. 
 
 Definition. — A proteolytic ferment or enzyme 
 from the fresh stomach of the pig. Capable of di- 
 gesting not less than 3000 times its own weight of 
 freshly coagulated and disintegrated egg-albumen. 
 This is pure pepsin. When we add 90 per cent, of 
 sugar of milk, we obtain saccharated pepsin. This 
 digests 300 times its weight of albumen. 
 
 Dose, gr. v-xx. 
 
 Officinal Name, PANCREATINUM. English Name, PAN- 
 CREATIN. 
 
 Definition. — A mixture of the enzymes found in 
 \\\Q pancreas of the Mammalia, that of the hog being 
 generally used. 
 
 Dose, gr. v-x. 
 
 EXTRACT OF MALT.* 
 
 Definition. — The seeds of barley (Hordeum dis- 
 tichum, natural order, Graminese) caused to ger- 
 minate artificially and then dried. The extract 
 should be free from starch. 
 
 Dose, f^HsJ- 
 
 PAPAIN.* 
 Definition. — A ferment from the fruit of Carica 
 papaya, a South American tree. 
 
 * Not officinal. 
 
348 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 349 
 
 Natural Order. — Papayacese. Habitat. — South 
 America. 
 
 Dose, gr. j-x. 
 
 FAMILY IV.— ABSORBENTS. 
 Remedies used to absorb acid and deleterious 
 rnaterials, offensive discharges, secretions, etc., both 
 in the alimentary canal and externally. They are 
 animal and vegetable charcoal. 
 
 Officinal Name, CARBO ANIMALIS. English Name, ANI- 
 MAL CHARCOAL. 
 
 Definition. — Charcoal prepared from bones, 
 blood, etc. 
 Dose, ^ss. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Carbo Anitnalis Purificatus. 
 
 Officinal Name, CARBO LIGNL English Name, 
 CHARCOAL. 
 
 Definition. — Charcoal prepared from soft wood 
 and very finely powdered. Used to dress foul 
 wounds and ulcers, and to absorb noxious gases. 
 
 FAMILY v.— DISINFECTANTS. 
 Substances employed for the prevention of noxious 
 miasmata or effluvia. Of course, heat, — both dry 
 and moist, — air, water, ventilation, and proper dis- 
 posal of infected excreta are of the utmost import- 
 
35© FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 35 1 
 
 ance. Besides these, the various salts of iron and 
 lead, forming sulphurets, are considered important. 
 The oxides of iron convert ordinary oxygen into 
 ozone, which is itself a disinfectant. 
 
 COPPERAS— IMPURE SULPHATE OF IRON— 
 Is an important destructive disinfectant but is not 
 strictly a germicide. Its sole use is to alter the course 
 of putrefaction and destruction of the products 
 thereof. May^be used in solution, powder, or crys- 
 tals, according to the mass to be acted upon. Is ex- 
 tremely valuable for use in cesspools, etc. 
 
 LIME 
 Is of use only as a destructive agent ; it tends to 
 prevent odor, but is useless in sewers, privies, etc. 
 
 CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE.— BICHLORIDE.— BICHLO- 
 RIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 Very powerful, both* antiseptic and germicidal — 
 even in weak solution. Owing to its poisonous na- 
 ture care must be observed in its use. 
 
 CARBOLIC ACID. 
 
 An active germicide. From it we obtain creosols, 
 cresylic acid, creolin, lysol, etc., all also germi- 
 cides. 
 
 Creolin is an emulsion of creosol obtained by 
 means of resin soap. 
 
352 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 353 
 
 Lysol is said to contain 50 per cent, of creosol. 
 Both creolin and lysol will mix with water, alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 A valuable disinfectant and germicide, but of 
 limited power as it yields up its own oxygen and be- 
 comes inert. It will destroy most, if not all, alka- 
 loids in a sufficient length of time, and has been 
 used with success in morphine poisoning, given in 
 doses one-third larger than the amount of morphine 
 ingested. 
 
 CHLORINE. 
 
 The gas is a powerful germicide, but is exceedingly 
 dangerous, and is apt to injure the clothing as well 
 as the wearer thereof. 
 
 Officinal Preparation. 
 Aqua Chlori contains at least 0.4 per cent, of chlorine 
 gas. 
 
 Diluted, may be used as a gargle in diphtheria and 
 as a stimulant in the washing of foul ulcers. 
 
 Officijial Name, CALX CHLORATA. English Name, 
 CHLORINATED LIME. 
 
 Definition. — Composed of calcium hypochlo- 
 rite and calcium chloride. Owes its activity to the 
 chlorine (25 per cent.) it yields when exposed to the 
 air. Used as a disinfectant only. 
 
354 F^R THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MAI ERIA MEDICA. 355 
 
 OJidna/ JVame,' J AQUOR SOD.^ CHLORATE.. Eno/is/i 
 Name, LABARRAQUE'S SOLUTION. 
 
 Definition. — Solution of chlorinated soda. 
 
 Contains hypochlorite of soda, and may be used in 
 the same manner as chlorinated lime, or properly 
 diluted in the same way as aqua chlori. 
 
 Officinal Name, English A^ame, 
 
 ACIDUM BORICUM. BORIC OR BORACIC ACID. 
 
 SODII BORAS. BORAX. 
 
 Definition. — Used as a dusting powder and in 
 solution for wounds, ulcers, abscesses, burns, etc. 
 Is also efficient in neutralizing ammoniacal urine and 
 in cystitis due thereto, and as an eyewash. 
 
 Dose, acid, gr. v-x ; salt, gr. xx. 
 
 Officinal Name, ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. English 
 Name, SULPHUROUS ACID. 
 
 Definition. — This acid and its salts are very 
 efficient in destroying the low forms of life connected 
 with fermentation and putrefaction, and for this 
 reason form an excellent preservative of organic 
 matter. 
 
 Officinal Name, NAPHTALINUM. English Name, 
 NAPHTALENE. 
 
 Definition. — A hydrocarbon obtained from coal- 
 tar. Poisonous to the lower forms of life. Has sup- 
 planted camphor as a destroyer of moths. Also used 
 
356 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 357 
 
 externally as an antiseptic dressing and in certain 
 parasitic skin diseases, but beta-naphtol is superior to 
 it, and oftener used. 
 
 Dose, gr. ij-viij in capsule. 
 
 Officinal Name, NAPHTOL. English Name, BETA- 
 NAPHTOL. 
 
 ' Definition. — Prepared by heating naphtalin with 
 sulphuric acid, then fusing with alkaline hydrates. 
 
 Alpha-naphtol is not officinal, but beta-naphtol is. 
 
 The odor faintly suggests carbolic acid ; occurs in 
 pale buff or colorless crystals, freely soluble in 
 alcohol, slightly in water. May be used internally as 
 an antiseptic, and externally for the same indications 
 as naphtalene. 
 
 Officinal Name, AQUA HYDROGENII DIOXIDI. Eng- 
 lish Name, HYDROGEN DIOXIDE OR PEROXIDE. 
 
 H2O2, water, plus one atom of oxygen, is a power- 
 ful germicide \ effervesces when brought into contact 
 with pus, destroying the pus-corpuscles ; is a power- 
 ful deodorant and an exceedingly valuable local anti- 
 septic. Generally used in diluted solution. Pro- 
 bably not poisonous, but as a matter of precaution 
 the solution used should not be stronger than the 
 officinal solution, — three per cent., by weight, of the 
 pure dioxide, — equal to about ten volumes of available 
 oxygen. 
 
358 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
 \ 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 POISONING. 
 
 Antidotes and Treatment. 
 
 In all cases, except those specially mentioned, the 
 stomach should be at once evacuated either by (i) 
 emetic (mustard, salt-water, etc.), (2) hypodermic 
 injection of apomorphinae, or (3) the stomach-pump. 
 
 It should be borne in mind that tannic acid is 
 an antidote for all the alkaloids and such vegetable 
 drugs as depend for their activity on the alkaloids 
 they contain. It is also the antidote for antimony, 
 and can do no harm even in large amount. 
 
 yETHER. ETHER. 
 Stop the inhalation; artificial respiration, atropine 
 and strychnine hypodermically, fresh air, alternate 
 hot and cold douche, electricity. 
 
 ALCOHOL (Acute). 
 Evacuate the stomach, hot and cold douche, elec- 
 tricity, strychnine hypodermically. 
 
 ALKALIES: LIME. POTASSA. SODA. 
 Weak acid, administered freely and at once. 
 (Vinegar is, as a rule, easily and quickly obtained.) 
 359 
 
36c 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 36 1 
 
 AMMONIUM. AMMONIA. 
 
 Neutralize by acid (dilute acetic acid — vinegar — 
 
 is nearly always at hand) ; use oils and demulcents to 
 
 protect the irritated surfaces ; opium if necessary. 
 
 Edema of the glottis or larynx demands tracheotomy. 
 
 ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TARTRAS. TARTAR 
 EMETIC. 
 
 Evacuate the stomach ; give the chemic antidote, 
 tannic acid ; opium if needed, and stimulants if 
 required. 
 
 ARGENTI NITRAS. NITRATE OF SILVER. 
 
 Common salt (sodium chloride) forms the insolu- 
 ble chloride of silver, which is inert. Treat symp- 
 toms as they arise. 
 
 ATROPINE. BELLADONNA. 
 
 Evacuate stomach (emetics), bowels (cathartics), 
 
 and bladder (catheter) to prevent further absorption. 
 
 Tannic acid should be given in large doses. Use 
 
 morphine hypodermically as a physiologic antidote. 
 
 ACIDUM ARSENOSUM. ARSENIC OR ANY OF ITS 
 PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Evacuate the stomach. Give the fresh antidote 
 (hydrated oxide of iron with magnesia) in large 
 doses. 
 
 24 
 
362 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 363 
 
 ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. CARBOLIC ACID. 
 Very rapid in its action. Evacuation of the stom- 
 ach is useless; use the antidote, a soluble sulphate, 
 —preferably magnesia sulphate, — in large amounts, 
 during all stages, as it is capable of neutralizing the 
 poison even after absorption, provided the length of 
 time it has been absorbed has not been too great. 
 
 ACIDS. 
 
 HYDROCHLORIC OR MURIATIC. NITRIC. SUL- 
 PHURIC. 
 
 First, give alkalies or alkaline earths ; soap or very 
 weak ammonia solution, to neutralize the acid ; then 
 give demulcents, oils, albumens, etc., to protect the 
 injured surfaces and treat the symptoms as they arise. 
 
 Hydrochloric acid causes a slight blistering and 
 yellow tinge to surfaces with which it is brought into 
 contact. 
 
 Nitric acid causes a persistent orange-yellow 
 stain. 
 
 Sulphuric acid blackens and chars the tissues 
 with which it is brought into contact. 
 
 ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 
 
 An overdose kills almost immediately ; treatment 
 
 is generally useless, but if possible evacuate the 
 
 stomach \ atropine and strychnine hypodermically. 
 
 Ammonia by the mouth, inhalation, and intraven- 
 
3^4 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 365 
 
 ously. Hot and cold douche, electricity, and arti- 
 ficial respiration. 
 
 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 
 Lime, chalk (calcium carbonate), present in every 
 house as tooth powder, forms an insoluble oxalate 
 and is the only antidote. Must be given immediately. 
 If necessary, use the lime from wall or fence. 
 
 ACONITUM. ACONITE. 
 Evacuate the stomach. Keep the head at the same 
 level as the rest of the body. Give alcohol, ether, 
 ammonia, digitalis, hypodermically, if necessary. 
 
 CHLORAL. CHLORAL HYDRATE: 
 Keep up the temperature. Stimulate the heart, 
 use electricity, artificial respiration, and use atropine 
 as required. Chloral is a good antidote in strych- 
 nia poisoning, but strychnia is of no use in chloral 
 poisoning. 
 
 CHLOROFORM. 
 Stop the inhalation \ artificial respiration, electric 
 battery, atropine, strychnine, etc. 
 
 COLCHICUM. 
 Give emetics and tannic acid. Use opium and 
 stimulants. 
 
366 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 367 
 
 COPPER ACETATE. CUPRUM ACETAS. 
 
 COPPER SULPHATE. CUPRUM SULPHAS. 
 
 COPPER ACETATE (IMPURE). VERDIGRIS. 
 
 Potassium ferrocyanide forms an insoluble com- 
 pound with the above. Use demulcents, opium to 
 allay pain, and treat the symptoms as they arise. 
 
 In chronic poisoning, use iodide of potassium, 
 gr. X, t. i. d. for continued periods of time. 
 
 CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 CYANIDE OF SILVER. 
 
 Treat poisoning the same as hydrocyanic acid. 
 
 DIGITALIS. FOXGLOVE. 
 Use emetics and cathartics. Tannic acid is unre- 
 liable but is sometimes used. Give the physiological 
 antidotes alcohol, opium, and ammonia. 
 
 HYDRARGYRUM. MERCURY AND ITS PREPA- 
 RATIONS. 
 
 Albumen (white of egg, milk, or wheat flour) fol- 
 lowed by an emetic ; demulcents ; opium if required. 
 
 lODUM. IODINE. 
 Evacuate the stomach and give liquids containing 
 starch in large amount. 
 
368 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 369 
 
 MORPHINE. 
 Tannic acid ; evacuate the stomach ; give strong 
 black coffee ; keep the patient awake ; use electric- 
 ity, hot and cold douche. Use atropine to its limit ; 
 artificial respiration, long continued if necessary. 
 Strychnia is of value in large doses. 
 
 NUX VOMICA. STRYCHNINA. 
 Evacuate the stomach ; give tannic acid as'chemic 
 antidote. Use chloral and potassium bromide in 
 large doses pushed to effect. Produce free cathar- 
 sis and diuresis ; use the catheter if necessary. 
 
 OPIUM. (See Morphine.) 
 
 PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 French oil of turpentine, which has been success- 
 fully used abroad, is practically unobtainable in 
 America. Sulphate of copper forms an insoluble 
 sulphate, and therefore is the antidote most fre- 
 quently employed in this country. 
 
 Give gr. x doses and repeat. 
 
 PLUMBUM. LEAD. 
 Evacuate the stomach. Give a soluble sulphate 
 or dilute sulphuric acid (forming an insoluble sul- 
 phate), demulcents if necessary, and use morphine 
 for pain and vomiting. 
 
37© FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ESSENTIALS OF MATERIA MEDICA. 37 1 
 
 In chronic lead poisoning, dilute sulphuric acid as 
 a habitual drink, magnesium sulphate as both purge 
 and antidote, and potassium iodide in gr. x doses 
 continued for some weeks will be found of valuable 
 service. Alum is sometimes, though rarely, used. 
 
 VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
 An overdose generally produces emesis and so ren- 
 ders poisoning rare. Treat symptomatically. Give 
 heart stimulants as required. 
 
 ZINCI SULPHAS. 
 Alkalies and alkaline carbonates produce insoluble 
 precipitates. 
 
 Give demulcents and treat symptomatically. 
 
372 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 In order to facilitate the study of the natural or- 
 ders, the following table is here included : 
 
 Algae, Chondrus. 
 
 Anacardieae, Rhus glabra. 
 
 , f Aspidosperma. 
 
 Apocynaceae, .... ^ „ , , 
 
 ( Strophanthus. 
 
 Aristolochiaceae, Serpentaria. 
 
 Aroidese, Calamus. 
 
 Berberideae, Podophyllum. 
 
 Burseraceae, Myrrha. 
 
 Celastrineae, Euonymus. 
 
 Chenopodiaceae, ..... Chenopodium. 
 
 Coleoptera, Cantharis. 
 
 Anacyclus pyrethrum. 
 
 Arnicse. 
 
 Artemisa pauciflora (santonin). 
 
 Anthemis. 
 
 Erigeron. 
 
 Eupatorium. 
 
 Grindelia. 
 
 Lactucarium. 
 
 Tanacetum. 
 
 Taraxacum. 
 
 Compositae, 
 
 373 
 
374 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 375 
 
 f Abies canadensis. 
 
 I Abies excelsa. 
 Juniperus communis. 
 Juniperus sabina. 
 [ Pinus palustris. 
 
 ^ , , I Jalapa. 
 
 Convolvulacete, . . , . ^ ,, 
 
 l vScarnmonium. 
 
 Cruciferae, Sinapis alba and sinapis nigra. 
 
 {Colocynthis. 
 Elaterium. 
 Pepo. 
 
 {Quercus alba. 
 Quercus lusitanica. 
 Fagus sylvatica (beech). 
 
 _ . f Chimaphila. 
 
 Ericaceae, < ^. ,, . 
 
 i- Uva Ursi. 
 
 f Cascarilla. 
 
 _ , , . I Kamala. 
 
 h-uphorbiacea:, .... J ^, ... 
 
 } Oleum ricmi. 
 
 I Oleum tiglii. 
 Filices, • . . . Aspidium. 
 
 Fungi { E^gf- 
 
 *. Ustilago. 
 
 Gentiane^, { Gentiana. 
 
 I Chirata. 
 Geraniaceoc, Geranium. 
 
 Gramine^, . . . . | ^^^ (^^^^^^)- 
 
 I. Zea mays. 
 
 Guttiferae, Cambogia. 
 
 Juglandaceoe, Juglans. 
 
 f Hedeoma. 
 
 I Melissa. 
 Labiatae, -{ Mentha piperita. 
 
 I Mentha viridis. 
 
 [ Salvia. 
 
376 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 ( 
 
 Camphora. 
 
 Laurine?e, ] 
 
 Cinnamomum zeylanicum 
 
 [ 
 
 Sassafras variifolii. 
 
 ' 
 
 Acacia. 
 
 Balsamum Peruvianum. 
 
 
 Balsamum tolutanum. 
 
 
 Cassia fistula. 
 
 
 Catechu. 
 
 . 
 
 Copaiba Langsdorffii. 
 
 
 Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 Leguminosoe, 
 
 Hsematoxylon. 
 
 
 Kino. 
 
 
 Physostigma. 
 
 
 Scoparius (sparteine). 
 
 
 Senna. 
 
 
 Tamarindus. 
 
 
 Tragacantha. 
 
 Lichenes, 
 
 . Cetraria. 
 
 
 \ Aloes. 
 
 
 Allium. 
 
 
 Colchicum. 
 
 
 Convallaria majalis. 
 
 Liliacege, 
 
 Sarsaparilla. 
 
 
 Scilla. 
 
 
 Veratrina. 
 
 
 Veratrum viride. 
 
 
 f Coca. 
 \ Linum. 
 
 Linese, 
 
 Lobeliaceoe, 
 
 . Lobelia. 
 
 
 f Gelsemium. 
 
 
 1 Ignatia. 
 
 Loganiacese, 
 
 1 Nux vomica. 
 
 377 
 
 Spigelia. 
 
 25 
 
378 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 3-79 
 
 Lythrarieic, 
 
 f 
 Malvaceae, ^ 
 
 Menispermaceoe, . . . | 
 
 MyristicacCiK, 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
 Myrtacese, -j 
 
 OleaceK, . . 
 Papaveraceoe, 
 
 Papayacese, . 
 
 Piperacese, 
 
 Polygalese, 
 Polygonaceoe, 
 
 RanunculaceK, 
 
 Rhamnacete, 
 
 Rosacea, 
 
 Rubiacece, 
 
 Punica granatuni. 
 Althaea. 
 Gossypii. 
 Calumba. 
 Pareira. 
 Myristica. 
 Caryophyllus. 
 Eucalyptus. 
 Oleum cajuputi. 
 Pimenta. 
 , Manna. 
 Opium. 
 Sanguinaria. 
 Papain. 
 
 Piper. 
 
 Matico. 
 - Cubeba. 
 
 Krameria. 
 
 Senega. 
 
 Rheum. 
 
 Aconitum. 
 
 Adonidine. 
 
 Cimicifuga. 
 
 Hydrastis. 
 
 Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 Rhamnus purshiana. 
 
 Brayera (cusso). 
 
 Prunus virginiana. 
 
 Amygdala. 
 
 Rosa. 
 
 Caffea arabica. 
 
 Cinchona. 
 
 . Ipecacuanha. 
 
38o FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
ADDENDA. 38 1 
 
 Ruminantia, Musk. 
 
 r Aurantii. 
 Buchu. 
 
 Rutacere, , 
 
 I Pilocarpus. 
 
 t Ruta. 
 
 Scitamine?e, < 
 
 Cardamomuni. 
 Zingiber. 
 
 Santalacece, Oleum santali. 
 
 Sapindacea?, Paullinia sorbilis (guarana). 
 
 Sterculiacere, Theobroma. 
 
 Styracene, Benzoinum. 
 
 f Belladonna. 
 
 I Capsicum. 
 Solanacese, \ Hyoscyamus. 
 
 j Stramonium. 
 
 [ Tabacum. 
 
 Thymelaeaceae, Mezereum. 
 
 Ternstroemiacea% Camellia thea (Thea sinensis 
 
 {Cannabis indica. 
 Humulus. 
 Ulmus. 
 f Ammoniacum. 
 Anisum. 
 Asafoetida. 
 Carum. 
 Conium. 
 Coriandrum. 
 Foeniculum. 
 Petroselinum sativum. 
 
 Valerianese, Valeriana. 
 
 Zygophylleae, Guaiaci. 
 
 Umbellifera', 
 
3^- 
 
 FOR THERAPEUTIC NOTES. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS, . . . 61-66 
 
 Absorbents, 349 
 
 Acacia, 325 
 
 Aceta, list of, 97 
 
 Acetanilid 237 
 
 N Acetic acid, 18 
 ^conite, 17 
 
 Active principles, 119 
 
 Adeps, 333 
 
 Adonidine, 173 
 
 Administration 71 ^l 
 
 Adjuvant, i^>^A. 
 
 iEther, 
 
 Alcohol, 167' 
 
 Alkaloids, doses of 119 
 
 definition of, . . . .119 
 
 Allium, 309 
 
 Allspice, 247 
 
 Aloes, 275 
 
 Alteratives, 209, 125 
 
 Altheae, 329 
 
 '^iAlum, 193 
 
 ^iMiA^merican worm-seed, 341 
 
 Ammonia, 165 
 
 Ammoniacum, 305 
 
 Ammonium chloride 305 
 
 Amyl nitrite, 159 
 
 Anesthetics, 123, 137 
 
 Anise, 253 
 
 Antacids, 337 
 
 Anthelmintics, 339 
 
 Anthemis, 259 
 
 Antidotes, 183,359 
 
 Antifebrin, 237 
 
 Antimony, 173 
 
 Antiperiodics, 125 
 
 Antipyretics, . . 12s 
 
 Antipyrin 235 
 
 Antispasmodics 123 
 
 Apiol, 313 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Apomorphine 263 
 
 Apothecaries' measure, .... 17 
 
 weight, 17 
 
 Aquae, list of, . . . ., 91 
 
 Aristol, 217 
 
 mica, 177 
 
 Aromatics, . • 243 
 
 Argentum, 199 
 
 Arrowroot, 331 
 
 Arsenic, 211 
 
 safoetida, 131 
 
 perma, 163 
 
 Ifjiipidium, 343 
 
 ^ ^Astringents, 125,183 
 
 Atropine, 15' 
 
 Aurantii cortex, 253 
 
 flores, . 255 
 
 Auri et sodii chloriduni 215 
 
 Average doses, 117 
 
 Azedarach 341 
 
 BALM, 259 
 
 Balsam of Peru, 307 
 
 of Tolu, 307 
 
 Barley, 33' 
 
 ^Basham's mixture, 203 
 
 Basis, . 13 
 
 Bearberry, 293 
 
 Belladonna, 149 
 
 Benzoic acid, 235 
 
 Benzoinum, 235,307 
 
 Beta-naphtol, 357 
 
 Bismuth, 195 
 
 Black cohosh 135 
 
 Black snakeroot 135 
 
 Blatta, 287 
 
 Bloodroot, 263 
 
 Blue mass, 211 
 
 Blue ointment 211 
 
 383 
 
384 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Boneset, 241 
 
 Borax, 355 
 
 Boric acid, 355 
 
 Bougia, 115 
 
 Brimstone, 271 
 
 Bromide of potassium, . . .157 
 
 of ammonium 157 
 
 of lithium, 157 
 
 of sodium, 157 
 
 Bromine, 323 
 
 Bromoform, 139 
 
 Broom, 287 
 
 Brucine, 155 
 
 Bucicthorn, 269 
 
 Buchu, 293 
 
 Butternut, 275 
 
 CACAO BUTTER, .... 333 
 
 Cachets, 115 
 
 Cachous, 115 
 
 Caffeine 169 
 
 Calamus, 259 
 
 Calcium, 339 
 
 Calisaya bark, 223 
 
 Calomel 211 
 
 Calumba, 241 
 
 Cambogia, 283 
 
 Camphor, 131 
 
 Cannabis indica, 149 
 
 Cantharides, 319 
 
 Capsicum, 247 
 
 Caraway, 251 
 
 Carbolic acid, 229,363 
 
 Cardamon, 247 
 
 Cardiac depressants 125 
 
 stimulants, 125 
 
 Cardiants, 123 
 
 Carum, 251 
 
 Caryophyllus, 245 
 
 Cascara sagrada, 269 
 
 Cascarilla, 261 
 
 Cassia fistula, 267 
 
 Castor oil, 271 
 
 Catechu, 187 
 
 Cathartics, 265 
 
 Cera, 333 
 
 Cerates, 105 
 
 Cerii oxalas, 197 
 
 Cetaceum, 333 
 
 Cetraria, 327 
 
 Chamomile, 259 
 
 Charcoal, 349 
 
 Chartae, 113 
 
 Chenopodium 341 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Chimaphila, 295 
 
 Chirata, 243 
 
 Chondrus, 327 
 
 Chloral 14^ 
 
 Chromic acid, 323 
 
 Chlorinated lime, 353 
 
 Chlorine, 353 
 
 Chloroform 139 
 
 Ciniicifuga, 135 
 
 Cinchona, 223 
 
 Cinchonine, 225 
 
 test for, 227 
 
 Cinnamon, 243 
 
 Citric acid, 179 
 
 Clark's rule, 73 
 
 i Classification of drugs, . . . .121 
 
 I Cloves, 245 
 
 ! Coca, 153 
 
 j Cocaine, ........ 141, 153 
 
 I Codeine, 145 
 
 Cod-liver oil, 217 
 
 Colchicum, 219 
 
 Collodion, 335, 115 
 
 Colocynth, 281 
 
 Combination of medicines, . . 77 
 
 Compound cathartic pill, . . . 281 
 
 prescriptions, ... 11 
 
 spirits of ether, . . 133 
 
 Confections, 103 
 
 Conium, 163 
 
 Convallaria, 171 
 
 Copaiba, 299 
 
 Copper, 199 
 
 Copperas, 351 
 
 Coriander, 251 
 
 Corn ergot, 319 
 
 Corrective, 13 
 
 Corrigent, 13 
 
 Corrosive sublimate, 351 
 
 Cotton root bark, . 317 
 
 Cowling's rule, 73 
 
 Cranesbill, 191 
 
 Cream of tartar 289 
 
 Creosote, 231 
 
 Croton oil, 285 
 
 Cubebs, 299 
 
 Cusso, 341 
 
 DANDELION, 223 
 
 Daphnin, 221 
 
 Daturine, 151 
 
 Decoctions, doses of, 119 
 
 list of, 89 
 
 Delirifacients 123 
 
INDEX. 
 
 385 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Demulcents, 375 
 
 De Young's rule, 73 
 
 Depresso-motors, 125 
 
 KDewees' carminative, 131 
 
 Diaphoretics, 301 
 
 Digestants, 345 
 
 Digitalis, 169 
 
 Diluents, 335 
 
 Directions to druggist, . . . 61-66 
 
 Disinfectants, 349 
 
 Dispensatory, 87 
 
 Diuretics, 285 
 
 Domestic measures 19 
 
 Donovan's solution, 211 
 
 Doses, average 117 
 
 calculation of, ... . 33-37 
 
 Dover's powder 143 
 
 Dragees 115 
 
 Drastics, 279 
 
 Drops, size of, 21 
 
 ELATERIN, 283 
 
 Elixirs, list of, 101 
 
 Emetics, 261-265 
 
 Emetine 261 
 
 Emmenagogues, 311 
 
 Emollients, 331 
 
 Emulsions, dose of, 117 
 
 list of, 95 
 
 Enema, 115 
 
 English measure 17 
 
 weights, 17 
 
 Epispastics, 319 
 
 Epsom salt. 271 
 
 Ergot, . 315 
 
 Errhines, 319 
 
 Escharotics, 323 
 
 Eserine, 157 
 
 Ether, 137 
 
 Ethyl chloride 141 
 
 Eucainc 141 
 
 Eucalyptus, 227 
 
 Euonymus 269 
 
 Eupatorium, . . 241 
 
 Excipients, 13 
 
 Excito-motors 123 
 
 Expectorants, 303 
 
 Extracts, doses of 117 
 
 list of 105 
 
 Extraneous remedies, 127 
 
 FENNEL, 249 
 
 Flaxseed, 329 
 
 PAGB 
 
 FUiid extracts, dose of, . . . .117 
 list of, . . . 107-109 
 
 Foenlculum 249 
 
 Fowler's solution, 211 
 
 Frangula, 267 
 
 GALLA, 185 
 
 Gallic acid, 185 
 
 Gamboge, 283 
 
 Garlic, _. 309 
 
 Gelsemium, i6i 
 
 General remedies, 123 
 
 Gentian, 239 
 
 Geranium, 191 
 
 Ginger, 249 
 
 Glauber's salt, 277 
 
 Glonoinum, . . 159 
 
 Glucoside, 119 
 
 Glycerin, 331 
 
 Glycerites, 99 
 
 Glycyrrhiza, 327 
 
 Gold and sodium chloride, . . 215 
 
 ; Golden seal, 239 
 
 j Gossypii radicis cortex, . . . .317 
 
 Grammar, 43-59 
 
 Granatum, 345 
 
 Granulum, 115 
 
 Grindelia, 305 
 
 Guaiac, 221 
 
 Gum Arabic, ... 325 
 
 H^ffilMATOXYLON, .... 189 
 
 Hedeoma, 315 
 
 Hemlock, 163 
 
 Henbane, 153 
 
 Hive syrup 287 
 
 Hoffmann's anodyne, .... 133 
 
 Homatropine, 151 
 
 Hops, 135 
 
 Hordeum, 331 
 
 Humulus 135 
 
 Hydrargyrum, 211 
 
 Hydrastis, 239 
 
 Hydrobromic acid, . . . 157,161 
 
 Hydrochloric acid, 207 
 
 Hydrocyanic acid, 179 
 
 Hydrogen dioxide, 357 
 
 Hyoscine 147, 153 
 
 Hyoscyamus, 153 
 
 ICELAND MOSS, 327 
 
 Ichthyol, 223 
 
386 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Ignatia, 155 
 
 Incompatibles, 77 
 
 Infusions, doses of, 89 
 
 list of, 119 
 
 Inscription, 11 
 
 Iodine . 215 
 
 Iodoform 217 
 
 lodol, . ... 217 
 
 Ipecac, . . 261 
 
 Irish moss, 327 
 
 Iron, 201 
 
 JABORANDI, 301 
 
 Jalap, . . 279 
 
 James powders, 175 
 
 Jamestown weed, 151 
 
 Juglans, 275 
 
 Juniper, 295 
 
 KAMALA, :i45 
 
 Kino, 187 
 
 Krameria, 189 
 
 LABARRAQUE'S SOLU- 
 TION, 355 
 
 Lactic acid, 209 
 
 Lactucarium, 135 
 
 Lady Webster's pill, 273 
 
 Lanolin, 331 
 
 Lard . . 333 
 
 Laughing gas, 137 
 
 Laudanum, 141 
 
 Laxatives, 265 
 
 Lavender, . . ; 255 
 
 Lead, 193 
 
 Lettuce opium, 135 
 
 Levant worm seed, 341 
 
 Lime, 351 
 
 Liniments, 113 
 
 Linum, 329 
 
 Liquor ammonii acetatis, . . 303 
 
 gutta-percha 337 
 
 Liquores, list of, 89 
 
 Liquorice, 327 
 
 Lithium, 291 
 
 Lobelia, 159 
 
 Logwood, 189 
 
 Local remedies, 125-127 
 
 Lunar caustic, 199 
 
 Lupulinum 135 
 
 Lugol's solution, 215 
 
 PAGE 
 
 MAGNESIA, 269 
 
 Male fern, 343 
 
 Malt, 347 
 
 Manganese, 205 
 
 Manna, 267 
 
 Maranta, 331 
 
 Marshmallow 329 
 
 Materia medica, . 85 
 
 Mfttico, 301 
 
 May apple, 283 
 
 Melissa, 259 
 
 Mellita, 99 
 
 Mentha piperita, 257 
 
 viridis, 257 
 
 Menthol, 231 
 
 Mercury, 211 
 
 Metric system, 23-27 
 
 Mezereum, 221 
 
 Mistura, doses of, 119 
 
 list of, 95 
 
 Monsel's solution, 203 
 
 Morphine, . . 145 
 
 Moschus, 129 
 
 Mucilagines, 95 / 
 
 Musk, 129 V^ 
 
 Mustard, 321 
 
 Myristica, 245 
 
 NAPHTALINE, 355 
 
 Naphtol, 357 
 
 Narceine, 141 
 
 Narcotine, 141 
 
 Natural orders, list of, . .373-381 
 
 Nervines, 123, 129 
 
 Nicotine, 161 
 
 Nitric acid, 207 
 
 Nitrite of amyl, 159 
 
 Nitroglycerin, 159 
 
 Nitrohydrochloric acid, .... 207 
 
 Nitrogen monoxide, 137 • 
 
 Nitrous oxide, 137 
 
 Norwood's tincture 175 
 
 Numerals, 67 
 
 Nutmeg, 245 
 
 Nutrients 123 
 
 Nux vomica, 155 
 
 OIL OF CAJUPUT, .... 251 
 
 erigeron, 295 
 
 sandalwood, 297 
 
 sassafras 253 
 
 vitriol, 205 
 
 wintergreen, 233 
 
INDEX. 
 
 387 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Oils, doses of, 119 
 
 list of, 99 
 
 test for, 101 
 
 Ointments, 105 
 
 Oleoresinse, list of 101 
 
 Oleum cajuputi, 251 
 
 erigerontis, 295 
 
 gaultheriae, 233 
 
 morrhuae, 217 
 
 ricini, 271 
 
 santali, 297 
 
 sassafras, 253 
 
 theobromatis, . . . . 333 
 
 tiglii, 285 
 
 Opium, 141 
 
 poisoning, 369 
 
 Orange flowers 255 
 
 peel, 253 
 
 Oxalate of cerium 197 
 
 Oxalic acid, 181 
 
 Oxytocics, 315 
 
 PANCREATIN, 347 
 
 Papain, 347 
 
 Papers, 113 
 
 Paraldehyde, 147 
 
 Paregoric 141 
 
 Pareira, 293 
 
 Pellitory, 319 
 
 Pennyroyal, 315 
 
 Pepo, 343 
 
 Pepper (black), 247 
 
 (red), .247 
 
 Peppermint, 257 
 
 Pepsin, . . 347 
 
 Pepsmum saccharatum 347 
 
 Permanganate of potassium, . 353 
 
 Pesoaria, 115 
 
 Petrolatum, 335 
 
 Pharmacology, 85 
 
 Pharmacopoeia, 87 
 
 Pharmacy, 87 
 
 Phenacetine 237 
 
 Phenic acid, 229 
 
 Phenylic acid, 229 
 
 Phosphoric acid, 217 
 
 Phosphorus, 209, 369 
 
 Physiologic action, 85 
 
 Physostigma, 157 
 
 Picric acid, 229 
 
 Pills, Ill 
 
 Pilocarpus, 301 
 
 Pilulae, Ill 
 
 Pimenta, 247 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Pinkroot, . . 339 
 
 Piper, 247 
 
 Piperazine, 291 
 
 Piperine, 247 
 
 Pipsissewa, 295 
 
 Pix burgundica, 321 
 
 Pix liquida, 311 
 
 Plasters m 
 
 Plumbum, 193 
 
 Plummer's pills, 175 
 
 Podophyllum, 283 
 
 Poisons, 359, 375 
 
 Pomegranate, 345 
 
 Potassii etsodii tartras, . . . .279 
 
 Potassium, 289 
 
 permanganate, . . . 353 
 
 Powders, 113 
 
 Prescriptions, 9-11 
 
 Protectives, 335 
 
 Prunus Virginiana, 241 
 
 Pulveres ....113 
 
 Pulvis efliervescens compositus, 279 
 
 Pumpkin seed, 343 
 
 Purges, 271 
 
 Pyrethrum, 319 
 
 QUASSIA 237 
 
 Quercus alba, 189 
 
 Quinidine, 225 
 
 tests for, 227 
 
 Quinine, 225 
 
 tests for, 227 
 
 RED PEPPER, 247 
 
 Resinae . . 103 
 
 Resorcin, 233 
 
 Rhamus frangula, 269 
 
 purshiana 267 
 
 Rhatany, 189 
 
 Rheum, 273 
 
 Rhubarb, 273 
 
 Rhus glabra, 193 
 
 Rochelle salt, 279 
 
 Roses, 189 191 
 
 Rosemary, 257 
 
 Rubefacients, ^ . 321 
 
 Rue, 313 
 
 Ruta, 313 
 
 SABINE, 313 
 
 Sage, 255 
 
388 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Sago. 33' 
 
 Salicin, 235 
 
 Salicylic acid, . 233 
 
 Salol, 235 
 
 Salvia, 255 
 
 Sanguinaria, 263 
 
 Santonica, 341 
 
 Santonin, 341 
 
 Sarsaparilla, 219 
 
 Sassafras, 221 
 
 medulla, 329 
 
 pith, 329 
 
 Savine, 313 
 
 Scammony, 281 
 
 Scilla, 285 
 
 Scoparius, 287 
 
 Seidlitz powder, 279 
 
 Senega, 305 
 
 Senna, 277 
 
 Serpentaria, 259 
 
 Sialagogues, 319 
 
 Signature, 11 
 
 Silver 199 
 
 Simple bitters, 237 
 
 Sinapis alba, 321 
 
 nigra, 321 
 
 Slippery elm, 325 
 
 Sodii boras 355 
 
 pkosphas, 277 
 
 sulphas, 277 
 
 Sodium, 337 
 
 Solutions 89 
 
 Somnifacients, 123 
 
 Spanish flies, 319 
 
 Sparteine, 173 
 
 Spearmint, 257 
 
 Spermaceti, . . 333 
 
 Spigelia, 339 
 
 Spirit of Mindererus, . , 165, 303 
 of nitroglycerin, .... 159 
 
 Spirits, 91 
 
 Spiritus aetheris compositus, .133 
 nitrosi, . 289, 303 
 
 frumenti, 167 
 
 glonoini, 159 
 
 odoratus 169 
 
 vini gallici, 167 
 
 Squill, 285 
 
 Stomachics, 237 
 
 Stramonium, 151 
 
 Strontium, 293 
 
 Strophanthus, 171 
 
 Strychnine 155 
 
 test for, 155 
 
 Subscription, 11 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Sulphate of copper, 191 
 
 of zinc, 197 
 
 Sulphonal, 147 
 
 Sulphur, 271 
 
 Sulphuric acid, 205 
 
 Sulphurous acid, 335 
 
 Sumach, 193 
 
 Superscription, 11 
 
 Suppositories^ , 103 
 
 Sweet flag. 259 
 
 Sweet spirits of nitre, 289 
 
 Syrups, list of, 97 
 
 doses of, 119 
 
 TABACUM, 161 
 
 Tamarinds, 267 
 
 Tanacetum 315 
 
 Tannic acid, 183 
 
 Tansy, 315 
 
 Tapioca, 331 
 
 Tar 311 
 
 Taraxacum 223 
 
 Tartar emetic, 173 
 
 Tartaric acid, 179 
 
 Terebene, 311 
 
 Tetronal 147 
 
 Terebintha, 297 
 
 canadensis 299 
 
 Therapeutics, 87 
 
 Thoroughwort, 241 
 
 Theobromine, 287 
 
 Thymol 231 
 
 Tinctures, list of, 9»-93 
 
 doses of, 117 
 
 Tobacco, 161 
 
 Tonics, 125. 201 
 
 Traumaticine, 337 
 
 Tragacanth, 325 
 
 Trional, 147 
 
 Troches, 103 
 
 Tropacocaine 153 
 
 TuUy's powder, 145 
 
 Turpentine, 297, 345 
 
 Turpeth mineral, 213 
 
 ULMUS, 325 
 
 Unguenta, 105 
 
 Ustilago, ■ • 3'7 
 
 Uva ursi, 293 
 
 VALERIAN 129 
 
 Vallet's mass, 203 
 
INDEX. 
 
 389 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Vaseline, 335 
 
 Vegetable acids, 179 
 
 Vehicle 13 
 
 Veratrina, 177 
 
 Veratroidine 175 
 
 Veratrum viride, 175 
 
 Vina, 99 
 
 Vinegars, 181 
 
 Virginia snake root, 259 
 
 Vitriol, blue, 199 
 
 green 203 
 
 oil of, 205 
 
 white, 197 
 
 WATERS, 91 
 
 Wahoo, 269 
 
 Warburg's tincture, 227 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Weights and measures, . . , 23-37 
 
 Whisky 167 
 
 White oak 189 
 
 White wax, 333 
 
 White wine, 167 
 
 Wild-cherry bark, 241 
 
 Wine measure, 19 
 
 Wines, 99 
 
 YELLOW CINCHONA, . . 223 
 
 Yellowjasmine, 161 
 
 Yellow wax, 333 
 
 ZEAMAYS 297 
 
 5!"^.V »97 
 
 Zinziber, 249 
 
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