(!lit;e 
 
 OF AMERICA 
 FOR AIDING PHILANTHROPIC WORK AMONG 
 
 SEJbc 
 
 HENRY VAN DYKE. PRESIDENT 
 
 JL 
 
 43
 
 UCSB LIBRARY 
 
 Trap-boat Fishermen 
 
 The Andrew J. McCosh 
 
 St. Anthony Hospital 
 
 The Orphanage 
 
 A Happy Eskimo Mother
 
 A BIT OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 
 By Wilfred T. Grenfell. 
 
 In 1883, while I was studying medicine at the London 
 Hospital in Whitechapel, I was attracted by a huge 
 crowd going into a large tent in the slums of Stepney. 
 There was singing going on inside, and curiosity led 
 me in. 
 
 As I left with the crowd, I came to the conclusion 
 that my religious life was a humbug. I vowed in future 
 that I would either give it up or make it real. It was 
 obviously not a thing to be played with.* * * 
 
 Some time later I heard that one of England's famous 
 cricketers, whose athletic distinctions I greatly admired, 
 Mr. J. E. K. Studd, was going to speak in the neighbor- 
 hood, and I went to hear him. Seated in front of me 
 there were two or three rows of boys from a training- 
 ship, all dressed in the same uniform. At the end of his 
 speech Mr. Studd invited any one who was not ashamed 
 to confess that Christ was his Master for this life, rather 
 than a kind of insurance ticket for the next world s to 
 stand up. I was both ashamed and surprised to find that 
 I was afraid to stand up. I did not know I was afraid of 
 anything. One boy out of all this large number rose to 
 his feet. I knew pretty well what that meant for him, 
 so I decided to back him up and do the same. 
 
 With this theological outfit, I started on my missionary 
 career. What to do was the next question. I went to 
 the parson of a church where I occasionally attended, and 
 offered myself for a class of boys in his Sunday-school. 
 They were downright East Londoners, and their spiritual 
 education needed other capacities than those with which 
 I had in my mind till then endowed the Sunday-school 
 teacher. I remember being surprised that one boy, whom 
 I carried to the door by the seat of his trousers and 
 heaved into the street, objected by endeavoring to kick, 
 while his "pals" in the school were for joining him in 
 open mutiny. He got the last word, however, by climb- 
 ing up outside the window and waving a hymn-book 
 which he had stolen. 
 
 The next time I arrived the boys had got in before me
 
 2 A BIT OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 
 
 (and out also), and the pictures and furniture were not 
 as I had left them. I started to reform them in the ways 
 that appealed most to myself. Five of us medical students 
 had a house of our own ; we used to clear our dining room 
 of furniture and replace it with a horizontal bar and a 
 couple of pairs of boxing gloves. We were able to lead 
 in these things our noisiest boys, so they learned to con- 
 trol their own tempers and respect our capacities more. 
 * * * 
 
 My medical course being finished, I began to cast about 
 for some way in which I could satisfy the aspirations of 
 a young medical man and combine with them a desire for 
 adventure and definite Christian work. Sir Frederick 
 Treves, the famous surgeon, also a daring sailor and 
 master mariner, who had twice helped us at our camp, 
 and for whom I had been doing the work of an "interne" 
 at the London Hospital, suggested my seeing if a doctor 
 could live at sea among the deep-sea fishermen on one of 
 the vessels of the Society for which he was a member of 
 the council.* * * 
 
 Encouraged by results in 1892, I received the loan of 
 the largest of the sailing vessels, a craft of ninety-seven 
 tons burden, in which we sailed to the Labrador coast to 
 see whether among English-speaking fishermen of the 
 Northwest Atlantic, similar results might not be achieved. 
 
 In three months we had nine hundred patients, to 
 whom we could thus commend our Gospel with pills and 
 plasters, without fear of denominational interference. Be- 
 sides this we had witnessed a condition of poverty to 
 which we had been quite strangers over on the other side. 
 Unable to do on the ship to those men, as we would have 
 them do unto us under similar circumstances, we called 
 on the way home at St. John's, Newfoundland, and laid 
 the matter before the merchants, asking for help to build 
 a hospital on the land, and promising to bring out a doc- 
 tor and nurse to live there if they built it. 
 
 We have now four hospitals on that desolate coast 
 not palaces for pain such as one sees in these great cities, 
 but humble wood buildings where a qualified doctor and 
 trained nurse reside, where besides their own rooms, they 
 have a dozen beds for sick people, a convalescent room, 
 an operating room, and an isolation ward. These places 
 are not only hospitals but hotels, places to which any one 
 and every one is expected to come in sickness or any 
 other kind of trouble whatever. Needless to say, they 
 come often very long distances in their boats in summer.
 
 BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL 
 
 in dog-sleighs in winter. We do our part in the sum- 
 mer cruising in the hospital ships, the largest of which 
 I serve as captain, and in winter by traveling from place 
 to place moving practically all the time, only making the 
 hospital, which is kept open by the nurse, the headquar- 
 ters to which we return whenever we think it necessary. 
 Here other methods of commending our Gospel are 
 also open to us, owing to the extraordinary poverty and 
 isolation of the people. Lack of experience made us sat- 
 isfied for the first three years to try to cope with the ques- 
 tion of hunger and nakedness, by collecting and dis- 
 tributing warm clothing, and assisting the people in vari- 
 ous ways to get food. 
 
 It was not until 1896 that, seeing the futility of giving 
 financial help to men who had to pay from $7 to $8 for 
 a barrel of flour worth $4, and $2.50 to $3 for a hogshead 
 of salt which could be bought at St. John's for $i, we 
 set to work to find a new sermon to preach on this sub- 
 ject. Many of our most piteous cases at hospital were 
 the direct fruit of chronic semistarvation. Thus our peo- 
 ple fell victims to tuberculosis of glands and bones, owing 
 only to the marasmus induced by insufficient food. This 
 was more especially the case among children. A uni- 
 versal system of truck business prevailed ; the "catch" of 
 to-morrow was mortgaged for the food of to-day. The 
 people seldom or never saw cash. The inevitable results 
 were poverty, thriftlessness, and eventually hopelessness. 
 The contention of the trader was always that the men's 
 poverty was because they did not catch enough to support 
 themselves. The answer was that they got enough to 
 support at least thirty traders. 
 
 We started a sermon with a cooperative store as a text. 
 The people around it were all heavily in debt ; most win- 
 ters they received so much government relief to keep 
 them from actual starvation that the place was known as 
 "The Sink." The people were almost all illiterate and 
 knew nothing about business, and the little store went 
 through varying fortunes. They had very, very little 
 money to put in, and even that they were afraid to put in 
 under their own names, for fear the traders should find 
 out and punish them. One trader wrote me denying our 
 right to interfere with his people, as if those whom he 
 had tried to lead me to think were only the recipients of 
 his "charity," existed solely for the benefit of his trade. I 
 need not say that we had now to regret gaps in the
 
 4 A BIT OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY 
 
 prayer-meetings once filled so fervently by our friends, 
 the enemy. 
 
 Looking at the results of the sermon seven years after- 
 ward, I find the people clothed, fed, independent, with a 
 new little church building, and children far-and-away 
 better clad and educated. The movement has spread: 
 there are now eight cooperative stores, with a schooner 
 called the "Cooperator," which carries their products to 
 and from the markets; the price of flour has uniformly 
 kept under $5 a barrel ; the price of salt has been reduced 
 nearly 50 per cent., and other things in proportion. We 
 have had many troubles owing to poor fisheries, our own 
 ignorance of methods of business, and our isolation. But 
 our storekeepers and crew are Christian men, well aware 
 that the best Gospel they can preach is to keep the store 
 for Christ. As a contrast, I sent down a young friend 
 from Boston, who had once been a preacher on the coast, 
 giving him $100 for his holiday to stay at this first store 
 and "teach them how to manage a cooperative store." 
 He was some three days at the store himself, seeing 
 "nothing to do"; the rest of his time he spent preaching 
 along the coast. The consequence was that the store suf- 
 fered very materially, for I was home next year, and the 
 people, afraid to handle their money, left the whole of 
 their capital in the bank. I don't know that the memory 
 of his sermons is a justification for his view of what was 
 "most important" to the kingdom of God on the coast. 
 
 One of the chief troubles with our people was the long 
 enforced idleness of the winter and the consequent neces- 
 sity of living largely on the summer "catch." This neces- 
 sitated their remaining scattered on the chance of catch- 
 ing fur-bearing animals in the winter, even if the actual 
 "catch," as was often the case, didn't amount to a barrel 
 of flour for the whole time. This again prevented their 
 children being reached for educational purposes. It was 
 long a problem to us what ought to be done to meet the 
 difficulty. Eventually we took up a grant of timberland 
 on which the Newfoundland Government permitted me 
 special conditions, and we started to aggregate the people 
 in winter by affording them remunerative work about the 
 mill. To this we have added a small schooner-building 
 yard, and hope shortly to add a cooperage, as we use 
 many barrels in the fish industry. We have gathered 
 together about this small effort this winter some two hun- 
 dred and fifty people. A small school-house has been 
 erected, and those who are managing the mill know that
 
 BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL 5 
 
 this effort is their text from which they are to preach 
 their sermon. 
 
 There can be no question that the Christ would to-day 
 support all manly and innocent pastimes. So, to meet the 
 needs of the long wintry evenings we have comman- 
 deered the two small jails in our district and converted 
 them into clubs, with a library and games, which have 
 been supplemented by the importation of footballs made 
 of rubber for service on the snow. This has become so 
 popular that our Eskimo women join the game with their 
 babies in their hoods, and seal-skin footballs stuffed with 
 dry grass have sprung into existence all along the coast. 
 
 The toys, which we usually credit Santa Claus with 
 bringing from the North, had hitherto been conspicuous 
 by their absence, the supply perhaps being exhausted. 
 Anyhow the birthdays of the Labrador children, like the 
 birthday of our Lord, have never been characterized by 
 the joyful celebrations that formed oases in our own child 
 life. We have turned the current of toys back to the 
 North again. True, the dolls are often legless, the tops 
 are dented, and the Noah's arks resemble hospitals. But 
 these trifles have made the Christmas tree on the birthday 
 of the Saviour no less a message of the love of God to 
 these many birthdayless children, who thus keep their 
 own on that day. 
 
 We have become residuary legatees for all the real 
 estate in the orphan children line. Some years ago I 
 buried a young Scotch fisherman and his wife in a deso- 
 late sandspit of land running out into one of the long 
 fjords of Labrador. Amidst the poverty-stricken group 
 that stood by as the snow fell, were five little orphan 
 children. Having assumed the care of all of them, I 
 advertised two in a Boston newspaper and received an 
 application from a farmer's wife in New Hampshire. 
 Later on I visited the farm; it was small and poor and 
 away in the backwoods. The woman had children of her 
 own. Her simple explanation as to why she took the 
 children is worth recording: "I cannot teach in the Sun- 
 day-school or attend prayer-meetings, Doctor. They are 
 too far away, and I wanted to do something for the 
 Master. I thought the farm would feed two more chil- 
 dren." I was glad she could not speak at the prayer- 
 meetings. Perhaps after all we grade our Christians by 
 a wrong standard. How many are losing the chances of 
 preaching sermons that need no oratory? Is it one of the
 
 6 A BIT OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY 
 
 causes of the failures of the churches that so much unde- 
 veloped capacity remains in the pews? 
 
 In what relation would the Christ stand to-day to 
 wrong-doing? On our wild and almost uncharted coast, 
 where the visits of strangers are very rare, many wrecks 
 occurred that, to say the least, suggested to the under- 
 writers that no illegal efforts had been made to save 
 them. We were asked by Lloyds' Underwriting Agency 
 to act as agents for them and furnish reports in case of 
 losses occurring. At first we declined, fearing that the 
 kind of espionage which would be necessary would be 
 likely to interfere with our "spiritual" work. Later we 
 began to think that it was not necessary to knock all the 
 spirit out of men to make them "spiritual," so we ac- 
 cepted the post of Magistrate for the coast, and also 
 Lloyds' agency. 
 
 Steaming down a long fjord late in October, we picked 
 up the crew of a small steamer wrecked on the north 
 shore. After landing the men for the last boat south to 
 take them home, we returned and raised the steamer 
 hauled her keel out of the water at low tide, and found 
 the only damage was a hole driven with a crowbar in her 
 bottom. In endeavoring to tow her some six hundred 
 miles south to St. John's, Newfoundland, we lost her in 
 a gale of wind at sea, and with her our evidence of the 
 crime. 
 
 It did not take us long to find out that this blow at 
 unrighteousness had made us more enemies than many 
 sermons. We have a saying that "it is only when you 
 really tread on the devil's tail that he will wag it" per- 
 haps a modern synonym for "No cross, no crown." So 
 long as the battle with sin is fought with kid gloves on, 
 there will never be any need of the "fellowship of suffer- 
 ing." Last season after every one had left the coast, 
 report reached St. John's that a large vessel loaded with 
 fish and fully insured had been lost on the rocks six hun- 
 dred miles north. On account of the rapidly forming ice, 
 we were doubtful whether it would be possible to get 
 at the ship. But fortune favored us ; we were able to get 
 her, raise her, and, almost to our own surprise, we were 
 able to tow her, in spite of December gales, safely to St. 
 John's Harbor. The consignee (the same man who had 
 owned the steamer we lost, and who had "suffered other 
 losses") was found guilty of barratry and sent down t 
 penal servitude. 
 
 It is said that the world consists of two kinds of peo-
 
 BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL 
 
 pie, "those who go out and try to do something" and 
 those who "stay home and wonder why they don't do it 
 some other way." How would the critic look at this? 
 Was it "missionary"? * * * Is not the real problem of 
 Christianity how best to commend it to the world ? Can 
 it most truly be advocated by word or deed? Can we 
 afford to divorce the "secular" from the "religious," any 
 more than the "religious" from the "secular" ? It seems 
 to me there is only one way to reach the soul that is, 
 through the body. For when the soul has cast off the 
 body we cannot reach it at all. From the Outlook. 
 
 Interesting descriptions of Dr. Grenf ell's works are : 
 Off the Rocks, Down to the Sea, by W. T. Grenfell, 
 $1.00 each; Labrador, by Dr. Grenfell and others, $2.25; 
 Adrift on a Pan of Ice, by W. T. Grenfell, 75c ; A Man's 
 Helpers, A Man's Faith, What Life Means to Me, by 
 W. T. Grenfell, 50c each. These books may be ordered 
 from the Secretary of the Grenfell Association. 
 
 AMONG THE DEEP SEA FISHERS, 
 a quarterly magazine, is devoted entirely to the interest 
 of the work. Subscriptions (50 cents per year) may be 
 sent to the Secretary of the Grenfell Association. 
 
 AN OUTLINE HISTORY 
 
 1892 The hospital vessel Albert sailed from England 
 with Dr. Grenfell in charge as the only Mission 
 doctor. He spent three months on the coast, hold- 
 ing services and treating 900 sick folk. 
 
 1893 Battle Harbor Hospital was presented by friends 
 in St. John's, Newfoundland, and opened during 
 the summer under a qualified nurse and doctor. 
 The launch Princess May was added to enable the 
 ship to do more work. 
 
 1894 Indian Harbor Hospital was opened for the sum- 
 mer, and for the first time Battle Harbor Hospital 
 was kept open in winter. Friends in Canada be- 
 gan to help the Mission. 
 
 1895 The sailing hospital was replaced by the steamer 
 Sir Donald, the gift of Sir Donald A. Smith, who 
 has lived many years in Labrador. Nineteen hun- 
 dred sick folk received treatment. Dr. Roddick, 
 of Montreal, presented the sailing boat Urelia 
 McKinnon to the Mission. 
 
 1896 A small cooperative store was started at Red Bay, 
 in the Straits of Belle Isle, to help the settlers t
 
 AN OUTLINE HISTORY 
 
 cbcape the "truck system" of trade and the conse- 
 quent loss of independence and thrift. This has 
 since spread to a series of eight with very bene- 
 ficial results to the very poorest. The Sir Donald 
 was carried out from her harbor by the winter ice 
 and found by the seal hunters far at sea still frozen 
 in. She had to be sold. 
 
 1897 The steam launch Julia Sheridan, given by a 
 Toronto lady, replaced the Sir Donald. A large 
 mission hall was attached to Indian Harbor Hos- 
 pital for the use of the fishermen. Two thousand 
 patients were treated. 
 
 1899 Largely through the munificence of the High 
 Commissioner, the steel steam hospital Strathcona 
 was built at Dartmouth, England, and fitted with 
 every available modern appliance. At the request 
 of the settlers, a doctor wintered in North New- 
 foundland. 
 
 1900 The Strathcona steamed out to Labrador. The 
 settlers on the Newfoundland shore of the Straits 
 of Belle Isle commenced a hospital at St. Anthony, 
 and the Mission decided to adopt that place as a 
 third station. 
 
 1901 The Newfoundland Government granted $1,500 to 
 stimulate the erection of St. Anthony Hospital. A 
 small cooperative lumber mill was started to help 
 the settlers of the poorest district to get remunera- 
 tive work in winter, when they often faced semi- 
 starvation. The schooner Cooperator was pur- 
 chased and rebuilt by the people to assist the 
 cooperative store efforts. 
 
 1902 A new wing was added to Battle Harbor Hospital, 
 with a fine convalescent room and a new operating 
 room. Indian Harbor Hospital was also consider- 
 ably enlarged. Two thousand seven hundred and 
 seventy-four patients received treatment no of 
 these being in-patients in the little hospitals. The 
 launch Julia Sheridan, with one of the medical offi- 
 cers in charge, was chartered by the government 
 to suppress an outbreak of smallpox. 
 
 1903 Some new outbuildings were added to the Indian 
 Harbor Hospital, and a mortuary and store were 
 built at Battle Harbor Hospital. The third and 
 fourth cooperative stores were started at West 
 St. Modiste and at Flowers Cove to encourage
 
 BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL 
 
 cash dealing and thrift. The Princess May went 
 out of commission and was sold. 
 
 1904 A new house for the doctor was built at Battle 
 Harbor. The steam launch Julia Sheridan had to 
 be sold. She was replaced by a 10 H. P. kerosene 
 launch called by the same name. An orphanage 
 was built at St. Anthony to accommodate fifteen 
 children. A building was also added for teaching 
 loom work and general carpentering and lathe 
 work. 
 
 1905 A doctor was appointed at the request of the peo- 
 ple on the Canadian Labrador, with headquarters 
 at Harrington, near Cape Whittle, on the north 
 side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The first 
 schooners were built at the lumber mill, which is 
 now flourishing and helping to maintain one hun- 
 dred odd families. Two consulting surgeons from 
 Boston Universities visited us during the summer 
 to help in the work. Through the generosity of 
 Mr. Andrew Carnegie, between thirty and forty 
 small portable libraries were distributed along the 
 coast, containing from 50 to 100 books in each. 
 
 1906 Through the help of friends in Montreal and 
 Toronto a new hospital and doctor's house were 
 built at Harrington, and a second kerosene launch, 
 called the Northern Messenger, was given for the 
 work there. New dog sledges and teams were 
 also given by the Montreal Weekly Witness. Some 
 new buildings were erected at St. Anthony, in- 
 cluding some small farm outbuildings, and some 
 land was taken up from the Newfoundland Gov- 
 ernment with a view to trying to introduce cattle. 
 
 1906-07 In connection with the cooperative store at 
 Flowers Cove, an industry of making seal skin 
 boots has sprung up, and 1,500 pairs of boots were 
 exported this summer. Around these small indus- 
 tries it is possible to aggregate women and chil- 
 dren in the winter for the purpose of better edu- 
 cation. A new wharf, stores for clothing and coal, 
 and a large mission room are being added to Bat- 
 tle Harbor. Seven volunteers have joined the 
 staff: the lady in charge of the orphanage, an 
 electrical engineer in charge of the general me- 
 chanical work, a teacher for night school and 
 library work. The fourth hospital was kept open 
 all last summer by a volunteer doctor from Har-
 
 io AN OUTLINE HISTORY 
 
 vard University and volunteer nurses from Eng- 
 land. A teacher of arts and crafts was in 
 charge of the industrial work at St. Anthony this 
 year. The steam launch Daryl was given by the 
 Dutch Reform Union of New York City and 
 taken to Labrador by Students of Harvard 
 University. 
 
 1907-08 The experiment of placing a trained nurse in 
 fishing settlements farthest from the little hos- 
 pitals has taken definite form in the building of 
 a house at Forteau on the southern coast of Labra- 
 dor, in which a nurse is permanently situated. The 
 people of the place gave the labor freely, and the 
 money for the material was the gift of a veteran 
 of the Civil War, who, after being wounded at 
 Gettysburg, journeyed on a fishing schooner to 
 Labrador in quest of health, and in gratitude for 
 great kindness shown him wished to make some 
 return to the people of the coast. A second sta- 
 tion is to be opened at Flowers Cove, at which 
 place the people have guaranteed $200 a year, be- 
 ing a poll tax of $i per annum on every family 
 over that long district. 
 
 No less than four more small cooperative stores 
 have sprung into existence, showing the belief of 
 the people in the advantages they confer in help- 
 ing to give independence and a sufficient living. 
 
 An electric light plant has been installed at St. 
 Anthony largely through the kindness of the Trus- 
 tees of Pratt Institute of Brooklyn. Not only ha 
 the light been introduced into all of the Mission 
 buildings, but large lights have been placed at the 
 wharf. Pratt Institute also sent up one of their 
 graduates to install the plant. Already it has 
 proved of inestimable value. 
 
 Through the generosity of the same institution, 
 three Labrador students have taken courses ia- 
 engineering, that they may afford their in- 
 valuable aid to communal life on the coast. 
 
 His Excellency, the Governor of Newfound- 
 land, Sir William MacGregor, a highly skilled 
 geodetic surveyor, has spent part of the summer 
 with Dr. Grenfell on the Strathcona, improving 
 the new chart of all the northern Labrador coast. 
 This, it is hoped, will be issued shortly, because it 
 is so badly needed by the many fishing craft tha 
 visit those waters.
 
 BY WILFRED T. G REN FELL 
 
 A new power yawl was donated by Mrs. B. H. 
 Buckingham, of Washington, and brought down 
 by Yale students. 
 
 Volunteer teachers did excellent work this 
 year at some of the small schools, and a volun- 
 teer from the experimental farm at St. Anne's 
 did splendid work, showing us that we can grow 
 many vegetables we have sore need of. 
 
 The new nurses sent us by Baltimore, a Wash- 
 ington friend, and others, have been doing invalu- 
 able work. We have, however, been very short of 
 help along that line and could easily have found 
 work for many more. Volunteer students from 
 Johns Hopkins, Princeton, Williams, Yale, and 
 Bowdoin, have had labors imposed on them they 
 little anticipated when they set out for the sum- 
 mer. But all have done excellent, necessary work, 
 that without them would have been impossible. 
 1908-09 $10,000 collected by Miss Julia Little was 
 expended on doubling the size of St. Anthony 
 Hospital. When 58 patients arrived by mail 
 steamer in one day and 32 the same day on 
 schooners, with only 15 beds, it was found im- 
 perative to enlarge the accommodations. The 
 work was carried on under Mr. Luther Turner 
 of the Hill School, Pottstown, Pa., with many 
 students helping him. The Orphanage also 
 was doubled in size, as already the sitting- 
 rooms had all become bedrooms. It is now 
 called the "Sayre Orphanage" and will accom- 
 modate 40 children. The reindeer herd has 
 multiplied to 550, and much sterilized milk was 
 put up for the winter. Some 4,000 logs and 397 
 wharf sticks were hauled home on an average 
 of 15 miles by these animals. One or two that 
 had to be killed were exceedingly valuable both 
 for the meat and the hides. Miss Luther is 
 again with us directing the industrial work. The 
 cloth weaving has spread along the coast and a 
 second center come into being. Several hun- 
 dred dollars worth of rugs, homespuns, and 
 other products have been sold. Some excellent 
 woven rabbit skin rugs have proved a new use 
 for these natural products. 
 
 A new center for agriculture was begun and 
 much new land cleared oxen and ploughs
 
 12 AN OUTLINE HISTORY 
 
 being sent down. Mr. Richardson of the Mac- 
 donald Agricultural College furnished sufficient 
 vegetables for the summer, and, with more 
 workers, is planning to operate on a much larger 
 scale next year. This venture we look on as 
 particularly hopeful. 
 
 Dr. Wakefield, who has joined the staff, 
 brought with him a valuable flock of Cumber- 
 land sheep, and Dr. Graham Bell of Baddeck 
 sent us a fine prize Berkshire ram. A small 
 factory for tinning salmon and berries, and 
 making our own cod liver oil ran very success- 
 fully some of the salmon sent to Boston has 
 been judged of the very best. Other new houses 
 have been built for workmen. A large new 
 power house with wood-working machinery has 
 been erected. In the spring a haul-up yard for 
 repairing schooners will be added to render this 
 a valuable new branch of work. 
 
 The students and alumni of Princeton Uni- 
 versity purchased and brought down for us a 
 beautiful new power yawl called the "Andrew J. 
 McCosh" in memory of their noble alumnus, 
 Dr. Andrew J. McCosh. 
 
 A large new reservoir was blasted out and 
 concreted largely by students as a water supply 
 to Battle Harbor Hospital the Government 
 making a grant of half the expense. Wireless 
 telegraphy was installed in the "Strathcona," 
 and now we can't imagine how we got on with- 
 out it. It brings our fishermen friends within 
 reach of help and of valuable fishing information 
 we could not possibly afford them before. 
 
 Among many volunteers who so generously 
 gave us their help, we must especially thank 
 nurses Carr-Harris, Hegan, Wilson, and Allan; 
 Dr. and Mrs. Armstrong, Drs. Butler, Dimond, 
 Musson, Clark, and Tinker; teachers, Misses 
 Allen, McNair, Muir, and Mr. Ladd; Miss 
 Dwight, the housekeeper of the Guest House; 
 other workers, Messrs. Halsey, Hilles, and stu- 
 dents from Yale, Harvard, Williams, Princeton, 
 and Amherst. The special ear and throat work 
 done by Dr. Musson of Philadelphia, brought 
 relief to many suffering people. The Strath- 
 cona made her usual long summer trip but was
 
 BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL 13 
 
 unfortunate enough to run on the rocks and 
 somewhat damage her hull. She was, however, 
 got off by the generous help of the natives and 
 others, and finished her voyage as usual. The 
 expedition to catch wild caribou for breeding 
 was unsuccessful, but will repeat its efforts next 
 year under the leadership of Mr. Edward Barr. 
 
 Seamen's Institute. The work on the new Sea- 
 men's Institute is at last begun. A splendid site 
 has been purchased, the old site having been so 
 much curtailed by the widening of the road by 
 the City Council as to be quite unsuitable. We 
 look on this as a most important effort for the 
 welfare of the fishermen, and are very anxious 
 that Mr. Charles Karnopp, into whose hands the 
 carrying out of the work is entrusted, shall not 
 be hampered by want of funds. The Home will 
 benefit every sailor visiting the port and should 
 be a positive factor in the fight with the saloons 
 and those that prey on sailors, that ages of nega- 
 tive teaching could not hope to accomplish. 
 Most fervently do we ask the help and sympathy 
 of all interested in fishermen and sailors for this 
 branch of the work. 
 
 1909-'10 Institute commenced and building in process 
 of erection. 
 
 St. Anthony Hospital doubled and hot water, 
 steam heating, and water supply installed. 
 Number of out-patients : medical, 881 ; surgical, 
 826. Total, 1707. 
 
 Orphanage doubled; will accommodate forty 
 children. Steam heating and hot water supply 
 installed. 
 
 Industrial. Considerable progress made in 
 the weaving of homespun four prizes secured 
 in open exhibition in St. John's. Apparatus for 
 polishing Labrador blue stone (Labradorite), 
 successfully installed. 
 
 Engineering work. Large new steel working 
 engineering lathe installed and wood-working 
 machinery. A haul-up slip commenced for re- 
 pairing our boats. Much work done on peat 
 bog, drying peat, and on new roads. 
 
 Reindeer now 800 in good condition ; two new 
 apprentices; Lapps sent home. 
 
 Water Supply. A new enlarged reservoir 
 built on the hillside to give constant supply of 
 running water.
 
 AN OUTLINE HISTORY 
 
 Tuberculosis. A large new open-air shack 
 added, a gift of the Anti-Tuberculosis Society, 
 situated among the trees high up the hillside 
 above the hospital. 
 
 Schools. Large new school built. First kin- 
 dergarten apparatus installed, and first teaching 
 commenced. 
 
 Battle Harbor. The large new reservoir built 
 and constant water supply brought into hospital. 
 A thorough new drainage system completed. 
 
 The yawl "Pomiuk" transferred to Battle 
 owing to gift from "Yale" to Indian Harbour. 
 
 Agriculture. First ploughing of land for pas- 
 ture. Much work done in clearing and fencing 
 of land, and experimenting with hardy seeds and 
 plants. 
 
 Wharf. Wharf lengthened by large blocks, 
 enabling mail steamer to come directly alongside 
 to land and re-embark patients without the 
 sometimes disastrous ferrying in small boats. 
 
 Stores. New coal store added. A new store 
 for supplies is badly needed. 
 
 Indian Harbor. The open air sunning annex 
 finished. A beautiful new power yawl, the 
 "Yale," donated and brought down by Yale stu- 
 dents, added for the Doctor's work. Obtained 
 Government subsidy to carry mails, making her 
 work more efficient and economical. 
 
 Harrington. New wharf added. Built store 
 and carpenter's shop. Yawl Daryl transferred 
 here from St. Anthony, where she was replaced 
 by the "McCosh," given by Princeton students 
 and friends. 
 
 Strathcona. New wheel house and captain's 
 cabin added. Marconi system again carried with 
 great advantage. 
 
 Forteau. A doctor stationed here all winter, 
 a doctor and nurse from Battle Harbor trans- 
 ferred to Cartwright, where a small hospital 
 was opened for the winter. 
 
 Workers. Two volunteer surgeons from 
 England, one Canadian teacher, one doctor and 
 three new nurses and many volunteers from the 
 United States, helped very materially in the 
 efficiency of the work of the Mission. During 
 the year more than 5,000 patients received treat- 
 ment. 
 
 W. T. GRENFELL.
 
 The Grenfell Association ol America 
 
 (INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF NEW YORK.) 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 
 HENRY VAN DYKE, D.D., LL.D., President. 
 D. BRYSON DELAVAN, M.D., Vice-President 
 
 WILLIS E. LOUGEE, Secretary, 
 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 
 
 EUGENE DELANO, Treasurer, 
 59 Wall Street, New York. 
 
 ERNEST HAMLIN ABBOTT WM. DEW. HYDE, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 STEPHEN BAKER ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES 
 
 FREDERICK BILLINGS FREDERIC S. LEE 
 
 S. EDGAR BRIGGS HAMILTON W. MABIE, LL.D. 
 WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN, D.D. WILLIAM R. MOODY 
 
 CLARENCE J. BLAKE, M.D. EDWARD C. MOORE, PH.D., D.D. 
 
 HARVEY GUSHING, M.D. HERBERT L. SATTERLEE 
 
 WILLIAM ADAMS DELANO FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON 
 
 ARTHUR T. ESTABROOK J. FREDERICK THOMAS 
 
 CLIFFORD HUBBELL ALLEN WARDWELL 
 
 OFFICE SECRETARY, Miss JENNIE L. GRAY 
 Room 404, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York 
 
 TELEPHONE, 5238 Gramercy 
 
 The object of the Grenfell Association of America is to 
 assist Dr. Grenfell in his work in Labrador and the northern 
 peninsula of Newfoundland. 
 
 It is not the intention of the Grenfell Association to take the 
 place of the support now furnished to Dr. Grenfell by the Home 
 Society or by the other friends who have so generously con- 
 tributed to his work in the past, but rather to supplement this by 
 additional funds for the expansion and increased efficiency of 
 the work. 
 
 All those who desire to have a part in this work are re- 
 quested : 
 
 (1) To join the Grenfell Association of America (due? $a 
 annually). 
 
 (2) To spread information about and promote interest in 
 the work. 
 
 (3) To contribute to its maintenance either by subscription 
 or donation. 
 
 Five thousand dollars given at one time makes one a Patron. 
 
 Fifteen hundred dollars will endow a cot permanently. 
 
 One thousand dollars given at one time makes one a Life 
 Member. 
 
 Five hundred dollars will meet the annual expenses of a 
 hospital launch. 
 
 Fifty dollars will support a cot for one year. 
 
 Thirty-five dollars will furnish a room in the Fishermen's 
 Home, and give the donor the right to name it. 
 
 Seven dollars will provide a ton of coal for the ateamer. 
 
 Gifts of clothing in good repair, blankets, books, and mag*- 
 zines for loan libraries, medical supplies, dental and surgical 
 instruments, toys for children, lantern slides for teaching, will 
 also be welcomed, and may be sent to tke Grenfell Association. 
 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.
 
 UCSB LIBRARY 
 
 1 6 THE G REN FELL ASSOCIATION 
 
 Subscriptions for the Association and membership dues 
 should be sent to Mr. Eugene Delano, Treasurer, 59 Wall Street, 
 New York; all other communications to Mr. Willis E. Lougee, 
 Secretary, Room 404, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 
 
 THE GRENFELL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INC. 
 The friends and supporters of Dr. Grenfell who are already 
 organized into associations or committees have become affiliated 
 with this general association, and thereby are enabled to aid him 
 more effectively; those who are not so organized can form such 
 associations or committees much more advantageously with the 
 aid of the general association. 
 
 NEW ENGLAND GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 
 
 WILLIAM DEW. HYDE, D.D., President 
 
 CLARENCE J. BLAKE, M.D., Vice-President 
 
 Miss E. E. WHITE, Secretary-Treasurer, 
 
 14 Beacon St., Room 201, Boston 
 
 SOUTHERN BRANCH 
 
 Headquarters : Baltimore, Md. 
 
 MB BLANCHARD RANDALL, Cloudcapped Catonsville, President 
 
 Acting Secretary-Treasurer, MR. DOUGLAS M. WYLIB, 
 
 412 North Street, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 CHICAGO BRANCH 
 
 DR. GEO. W. WEBS-TOR, President 
 
 WM. A. DOUGLASS, Treasurer, Care R. G. Dun & Co., 
 
 New York Life Building 
 MR. EVERETT SISSON, Secretary, 69 Dearborn St 
 
 BUFFALO GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 
 
 MR. HUGH KENNEDY, President 
 Clifford Hubbell, Secretary and Treasurer, Marine Nat'l Bank. 
 
 KANSAS CITY BRANCH 
 JOHN H. THACHER, President 
 DR. R. McE. SCHAUFFLER, Vice-President 
 THORNTON COOKE. Treasurer 
 HENRY D. FAXON, Secretary 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS BRANCH. 
 REV. H. P. DEWEY, D.D., President 
 
 L. K. THOMPSON, Vice-President 
 R. P. WOODWORTH, Secretary-Treasurer 
 
 PHILADELPHIA BRANCH 
 
 J. FREDERICK THOMAS, 902 Chestnut Street 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. BRANCH 
 
 TEMPORARY COMMITTEE 
 
 CHARLES HENRY BUTLER MR. HENRY B. F. MACFARLAND 
 
 REV. JAS. H. TAYLOR, Secretary-Treasurer, 
 
 304 Rhode Island Ave., N. W. 
 
 SPOKANE, WASHINGTON 
 
 FREDERICK W. DEWART, Chairman 
 
 DR. J. H. O'SHEA W. D. VINCENT, Treasurer
 
 
 A 000 654562 
 
 "Greylock" Dr. Grenfell's Reindeer 
 
 
 
 The Strathcona in Company with an Iceberg 
 
 Hospital, Battle Harbor, Labrador 
 
 "Doc" Dr. Grenfell's Do*
 
 The Hospital Ship Strathcona