GIFT OF JOURNAL 1 Of the TRANSACTIONS and OCCURRENCES in the fettlement of MafTachufetts and the other New-England Colonies, from the year 1630 to 1644 : WRITTEN BY JOHN WINTHROP, Efq, Firft Governor of Maffachufetts : And now fir ft puhliftied from a correft copy of the original Manufcript. Utcumque trit^ juvabit tamen, rerum gejlarum memories 9 ipfum confuluijjc. Tit. Liv, Pref. HARTFORD: PRINTED By ELISHA BABCOCK, M,DCC,XC. vi : ' "' * ' " * TO THE POSTERITY o JOHN WINTHROP, Efq. | The founder of the Msffackufetts Colony, and for many years, the father and the Governor of that infant Settlement, The following JOURMAL, written by their ILLUSTRIOUS ANT- CESTO&, is refpe&fully infcribed by their Moft obedient humble fervant, THE EDITOR* Hartford) July 1790. THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. HT'HE following Journal was written by JOHN WINTHROP, Ef[. JL the firft- Governor of Maffachuietts. This diflinguifhed gen- tleman was born at Groton, in Suffolk, June 12, 1587. His Grand- father was an eminent lawyer, in the reign of Henry VIII, and at- tached to the reformation. His father was of the fame profeffion, and the Governor himfelf was bred a lawyer, in which character he was eminent both for integrity and abilities. Indeed he muft have had the faireft reputation ; for he was appointed a Juftice of Peace at eighteen years of age. When the defign of fettling a colony in New-England was un- dertaken, Mr. Winthrop was chofen with general confent, to con- duct the enterprize. His eftate, amounting to the value of fix 6r feven hundred pounds fterling a year, he converted into money, and embarked for America, in the forty third year of his age. He arrived at Salem, with the Maflachufetts charter, June 12, 1630. He was many years Governor of that infant colony, ami conducted himfelf with fuch addrefs and unfhaken reftitude as to render his character univerfally refpeSable among his cotemporaries, and his memory, dear to pofterity. He died, March 26, 1649* Mr. Winthrop kept a Journal of every important occurrence, from his firft embarking for America, in 1630, to the year 1644, This Manufcript, as appears by fome paflages, was originally de- figned for publication ; and it was formerly confulted by the firfi compilers of New-England hiftory particularly by HUB BARD, MATHER and PRINCE. But it continued, unpublifhed and un- copied, in pofleflion of the elder branch of the family, till the late revolution, when Governor TRUMBULL of Gonnefticut procured it, and, with the aii fiance of his Secretary, copied a coniiderable " part of it. Soon after the Governor's death, a gentleman, who has a tafte for examining curious original papers, which refpefl: his own country, came, by accident, to a knowledge of this manufcript ; and with confent of the Governor's heirs, contracted for a copy, mere- ly for his own improvement and amufement. On reading the work, he found it to contain many curious and interefting fafts, re- lating to the fettlement of Maffachufetts and the other New-Eng- land colonies, and highly defcriptive of the character and views of the firft inhabitants. This fuggufted to him the defign of publifh- ing the Journal c*mpktt\ as any abridgement of it would tend to weaken its hiftorical evidence, and put in the power of captious critics to impeach its authenticity. By confent of the defendants of Gov. Winthrop, propofals were iflued for publifhing a fmall number of copies ; and the defign is at length accomplifhed. PREFACE. The cop7 litre prefentcd to the public, was made by JOHN FOR- TER, Efq. theHSecretary of the late Gov. Trumbull, whofe declara- tion, reipe&ing its accuracy, is here annexed. It is an extract from his letter to the Editor. Lebanon, January ift 1788. DEAR SIR, A G REE ABLE to your rcque^ I fend you a copy of Gov. Winthrop** hi/lory. The tranfcribing has required more labor than I atjirjl ex- pccl^d. I carefully examined the original, and on comparing, found many errors in thejirft copy , which, upon further experience in reading the original, I have been able to correct ; as alfo to Jill up many blanks. This has caufed me muchjludy, and retarded the completion of the bujmefs for feme time. You will obfervefome blanks in theprefent copy -Jbme of them are Jo in the original but excepting the blanks^ 1 believe this may be. depended on as a gsnuin copy. I am, dear Sir, zuith fentiments of efteem, your obedient humbU fervent, JOHN PORTER. The original is in the hand-writing, common to that age ; and is not read without difficulty. The firft copy was made during Gov* Trumbull's life, and part of it by the Governor himfelf. The laft copy, here given to the world, was taken from the firft, and through- out the whole, compared with the original. The blanks are few, and, as the reader will obferve, of no condderable confequence. Many ^rts of the work are not intercfting to modern readers ; but even thefe are necefiary to give future hiftorians an accurate acount of the firft tranfaciions of the fettlers, and furnifh pofterity with a precife knowlege of the characters and manners of their fore- fathers. Important inftitutions, and the general complexion of national government often originate in the moft trivial circumftances, or th minuteft traits of character ; and without a detail of the moft trif- ling facls in the early hiftory of New-England, it will be impoflible to underftand the nature of their prefent religious and political ef- tublifhments. But however unimportant particular paffages in the following Journal may appear to the body of readers, the fubftance of the work is highly valuable: and it is prefumed the hiftorian, th'fc phi- lofopher and the divine, will be gratified with a publication, which has long been a dcfideratum among the Literati of the New WorkL H&Ttforil, July 1790. GOVERNOR WINTHROP'S JOURNAL, Anno Domini, 16309 March tyth, Monday. RIDING at the Cowes, near the lite of Wight, in the , Arabella, a fhip of 350 tons, whereof Captain Peter Milburne was Mailer, being manned with 52 feamen and 28 pieces of ordnance. The wind coming to the N. by W. the evening before ; in the morning there came aboard ns, Mr, Cradock, the late Governor, and the Mafler of his two mips. Captain John Love, Mailer of the Ambrofe,and Mr. Niche- las Thurlfton, Mailer of the Jewel, and Mr. Thomas BeacLcr, Mafter of the Talbot, which three ihips rode then by us ; ,thc Charles-, the May-flower, the William and Francis, the Hope- tvell, the Whale, the Succefs, the Trial, being at Hamptott and not ready. When, upon conference, it was agreed, that in regard it was. uncertain when the reft of the fleet would be ready, four ihips ihould conlorf together ; the Arabella to be Admiral, the Talbot Vice- Admiral, the AmbroTe, Rear- Ad- miral, arid the Jewel a Captain ; And accordingly articles of confortihip were drawn between the faid Captain and Mailer ; whereupon Mr. Cradock took leave of us, and our Captain gave him a* farewell with four or five fliot. About ten of the clock we weighed anchor and fet fail, with the wind at N. and came to an anchor again over agaiuil Yar- mouth, and the Talbot weighed likewifc, and came and anchored by us. There we met with a iliip of Hampton, call- ed the Plantation, newly come from Virginia, the Captais faluted them, and he us again ; and the Mailer, one Mr. Guerns, came on board the ihip, and ilayed with us about two or three hours, and in the mean time their flap came : an anchor by us. GOVERNOR WINTHROP'ft Wednef-. day, 31 ft. Thurfday April i. Friday2d I In the morning about ten of the clock, the wind being come to the W. with fair weather, we weighed and rode nearer Yarmouth. When we came before the town the caftle put forth a flag ; our Captain faluted them, and they anfwered u again. The Talbot, which went further off faluted the caftle alfo. There we faw clofe by the more of Ifle of Wight, a Dutch fliip of looo tons, being bound to the Eaft-Indies, about two years fmce, in paffmg thither, the rudder ftruck upon a rock, and being forced to run alhore to fave her men, could never be weighed fmce. Altho' fhe lies a great height above -water, and yet fhe hath fome men aboard her . The wind continued W. and S. W. with rain. Our Cap- tain and fome of our company went to Yarmouth for fupply of wood and other protfifions ; our Captain was ftill careful to fill our empty cafks with water. The wind continued very ftrong at W. and by S. with much rain. We kept a faft aboard our ftrip and the Talbot. The wind continued ftill very high at W, and S. and rainy. In the time of our faft, two of our landmen pierced a rundlet of ftrong *Rum or water,* and ftole fome of it, for which we laid them in bolts fpirits. all the night, and the next morning the principal was openly whipped, arid both kept with bread and water that day. Saturday The wind continued ftill at W. with continual ftorms and 3d. rain. Sunday Fair clear weather. In the morning the wind W. and by 4th. N. but in the afternoon S. S. W. Thii evening the Talbot weighed and went back to the Cowes, becaufe her anchor would not hold her, the tide fet with fo ftrong a wave. Monday The wind ftill W. and by S. with fair weather. A maid of 5th> Sir Richard Saltonftall fell down at the grating by the cook- room, but the carpenter ran, who occafioned her fall unwit- tingly, caught hold of, her with incredible nimblenefs, and faved her, othervvife flie had fallen into the hold. Tuefday Captain Burleigh, Captain of Yarmouth-Caftle, a grave 6th. comely gentleman and of great age, came aboard us and ftay- ed breakfaft, arid offering us much courtefy, he departed, our Captain giving him four fhot out of the forecaftle for his fare- well. He was an old fea Captain in Queen Elizabeth's time, and being taken prifoner at fea,. was kept prifoner in Spain three years ; himfelf and three of his fons, were Captains in Roe's voyage. The wind was now come about to N. E. with very fair wea- ther. In the afternoon Mr. Cradock came aboard us, told us that the Talbot, Jewel and Ambrofe were fallen down int* Stoke'* JOURNAL. I Stoke's Bay, intending to take their way by Helen's Point, 1630. and that they defired we would come back to them. Here- upon we came to council and wrote unto them to take the firft opportunity of the wind to fall down to us, and' Mr. Cradock prefently went back to them, our Captain giving him three {hot out of the fteerage for a farewell. Our Captain called over our landmen and tried them at their mufkets, and fuch as were good (hot among them, were en- rolled to ferve in the fhip, if occafion mould be. The lady Arabella and the gentlewomen, and Mr. Johnflon and fome others went on fhore to refrefh themfclves. Fair weather, the wind Eaflerly, in the morning a (mall Wedne- gale, but in the afternoon it came about to the South. This day 7th. afternoon our other conforts came up to us, and about icior 12 Flemings, and all anchored by us, and the Mailer of the Jew- el and the Ambrofe came aboard us, and our Captain and they went on more. Towards night there came from the W. a Fleming, a fmall man of war, with a Brazil man which he had taken prize, and came to anchor by us. About fix in the morning, the wind being E. and by N. and Thurfday fair weather, we weighed anchor and iet fail, and before ten 8th. \vegot through the Needles, having fo little wind as we had much to do to ftem the tide, fo as the reft of our fleet (we be- ing nine in all, whereof fome were fmall mips, which were bound for Newfoundland) could not get out all theirs till the ebb. In the afternoon the wind came S. and by W. and we were becalmed, fo as not being able to get above three or four leagues from the Needles, our Captain tacked about, and putting his fore meet aback ftays, he flayed for the reft of the fleet, and as they came by us, we fpake to them, and about 8 in the evening we let fall an anchor, intending to flop 'til the ebb, but before ten at night the wind came about to the N. a good gale, fo we put up a light in the poop, and weigh- ed and fet fail, and by daylight we were come to Portland ; Friday but thejother mips being not able to hold up with us, we were 9th. forced tofpare our mainfail, and went on with a merry gale. In the night we difcovered, from the top, 8 fail aftern of us, whomCaptain Love told us he had feen at Dunninaft in the e- vening.We fuppofing they niight be Dunkirkers, our Captain caufed the gun room and gun deck to be cleared, all the ham- mocks were taken down, our ordnance loaded, and our pow- der chefts and fireworks made ready, and our landmen quarter- ed among the feamen, and 25 of them appointed for mufket- teers, and every man written down for their quarter. Tfee wind continue&^N, with fair weahter, and after noon it calmed f, GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1630. calmed, and we flill faw thofe eight fhips to flancl towards us, having more wind than we, they came up again, fo that our Captain and the Mailers of the conforts were more occafioned to think they might be Dunkirkers, for we were told at Yar- mouth, that there were ten fail of them waiting for us ; where- upon we all prepared for to fight with tliem, and took down iome cabins Which were in the way of our ordnance, and out of every fhip were thrown fuch matter as were fubjecl to take fire, and we hove put our long boat, and put up our wafte cloths, and drew forth our men and armed them with mulkets and other weapons, and initruments for fireworks ; and for an experi- ment our Captain fhot a ball of wild fire fattened to an arrow, out of a crofs-bow, which burnt in the water a good time. The lady Arabella and the other women and children were removed into the lower deck, that they might be out of danger. All things being thus fitted, we went to prayer upon the upper deck. It was much to fee how cheerful -and comfortable all the company appeared ; not a woman or child that mewed fear, though all did apprehend the danger to have been great, if they had proved as might well be expected, for there had been eight againft four, and the leaft of the enemy's (hips were reputed to carry 30 brafs pieces, but our trufl was in the Lord of Holts ; and the courage of our Captain, and his care and diligence did much encourage us. It was now about one of the clock, and the fleet feemed to be within a league of us; therefore the Captain, becaufe he would mew he was not afraid of them, and that he might fee the ifTue before night mould overtake us, tacked about and flood to meet them, and when we came near them we perceived them to be our friends ; the Little Neptune, a fhip of fome twenty pieces of ordnance, and her two conforts, bound for the Streights ; a fhip of Hamp- fhire, and a Frenchman and three otherEnglifh mips bound for Canada and Newfoundland. So when we drew near, every fhip as they met faluted each other, and the May-flower and ours difcharged their fmall fhot ; andfo (God be praifed) our fear and danger was turned into mirth and friendly entertain- ment, our danger being then over. We efpied two boats on fiming in the channel, fo every of our four mips manned out a Cuff, and we bought qf them great flore of excellent fim of divers forts. Saturday The wind at E. and by N. ahandfome gale with fair wea- iotli. ther. By 7 in the morning we were come over againft Ply- mouth. About noon the wind flacked, and we were come within fight of the Lizard, and towards night it grew very in and t great fog, fo as our fhips ma^f-s^o way. Thi? JOURNAL. ^ This afternoon Mr. Thurlfton, the mailer of the Jewel cane 1630. aboard our {hip, and our captain went in his Ikift aboard the u ' _ f, Ambroie and the Neptune, of which one Mr. Andrew Cole was mailer. There he was told that the bark Warwick was taken by the Dunkirkers, for me came ftraight out of the Pownes about 14 days fmce, intending to come to us to the Wight, but was never heard of fince. She was a pretty ihip of about 80 tons and 10 pieces of ordnance, and was let out by Sir Ferdinand Gorges, Captain Mafon and others, fo to have interrupted the trade of beaver. The mailer of her was \ one Mr. Weathrall, whofe father was mailer of one of the cattle iliips, which we left at Hampton. This day two young men falling at odds and fighting, con- trary to the orders which we had publifhed and ftt up in the fhip, were adjudged to walk upon deck till night with their hands tied behind them, which accordingly was executed; and another man for ufmg contemptuous fpeech in our prefence, was laid in bolts till he fubmitted himfelf and prefented open confeffion of his offence. I mould have noted before, that the day we fet fail from the Cowes, my fon Henry Winthrop went on more with one of my fervants to fetch an ox and 10 weathers, which he had pro- vided for our ihip, and there went on more with him, Mr. Pelhamandone of his fervants, they fent the cattle aboard, but returned not themfelves. About three days after my fer- vant and a fervantof Mr. Pelham's came to us to Yarmouth, and told us they were all coming to us in a boat the day be- fore, but the wind being fo ilrong againil them, as they were forced on more in the night, and the two fervants came to Yarmouth by land, and fo came on fhip-board, but my fon and Mr. Pelham, we heard, went back to the Cowes and fo to Hampton. We expected them 3 or 4 days after, but they came not to us, fo we have left them behind, andfuppofe they will come after in Mr. Goffe's mips. We were very forry they had put themfelves upon fuch inconvenience when they were fo well accommodated in our fhip. This was not noted before, becaufe we expected daily their return. And upon this occafion I muft add here one observation, that we have many young gentlemen in our fhip, who behave themfelves well, and are conformable to all good orders. About i.o at night it cleared up with a frefh gale at N. E. and by W. fo we Hood on our courfe merrily. The wind at N. and by W. a very fliff gale. About 8 in Sunday the morning being gotten paft Silla, and ftanding to, the W. nth. S. W. we met tw^Bfoiall mips, which falling in among us, and 6 GOVERNOR WINTHROP'* 1630. and the Admiral coming under our lee, we let him pafs, but' i_ t - ' the Jewel and Ambrofe perceiving him then to be a B razil man and to take the wind of us, mot at them and made them flop and fall after us, and fent a fkiff aboard them to know what they were. Our Captain fearing left fome miftake might arife, and left they mould take them for enemies which were friends, and fo thro* the unrulinefs of the mariners fome wrong might be done them, caufed his fkiff to be hauled out, and fent Mr. Graves, one of his mates and our pilot (a difcreet man), to fee how things were, who returned foon after, and brought with them the mafter of one of the mips and Mr. Love and Mr. Thurlfton, when they were come aboard us, they agreed to fend for the Captain, who came and (hewed his commiflion from the Prince of Orange. In conclufion hp proved to be a Dutchman, and his a man of war of Pluming, and the other fliip was a pinnace he had taken laden with fu- gar and tobacco, fo we fent them aboard their mips again, and held on our courfe. In this time (which hindered us five or fix days) the Jewel and the Ambrofe run foul of each other, fo as we much feared the iffue, but thro* God's mercy, they came well off again, only the Jewel had her forefail torn, and One of her anchors broken. This occafion,* and the fick- nefs of our minifter and people put us all out of order this day fo as we could have no fervices. Monday The wind came large to the N. a ftiff gale with fair wea- Ap. 1 2th. ther. In the afternoon lefs wind, and our people began to grow well again. Our children and others that were fick, and lay groaning, in the cabbins, we fetched out, and having ilretched a rope from the fteerage to the mainmaft, we made them ftand fome of one fide and fome of the other, and fwing it up and down till they were weary, and by this means they fbon grew well and merry. Tuefday The night before it was calm, and the next day calm clofe 1 3th. weather fo as we made little way, the wind with us being Weft. Wednef- The wind S. W. rainy weather in the morning. About 9 day 1 4th. in the forenoon the wind came about to N.N.W. a ftiffgale, fo we tacked about and fleered our courfe W. S. W. This day the fhip heaved and fet more than before, yet we had ftill fome /ick, and of thefe fuch as came upon deck and flirred them- felves were prefently well again ; therefore our Captain fet our children and grown men to fome harmlefs exercifes which the feamen were very active in, and did our people much good, tho' they would fometimes play the wag with them. Towardi night we were forced to take in fome fail to ftay for the Vice- Admiral which wai near a league a ftern of us. The JOURNAL. The wind ftill at N. N. W. fair weather, but lefs wind than 1610 the day and night before fo as our (hip \nade but little way i J-lf At noon our Captain made obfervation by the crofs flaff and Thurfday found we were m 47. 37 minutes N. Lat. ,, tn 7 All the forenoon our Vice-Admiral was much to Leeward of us, fo after dinner we came up towards her, and having fetched her up and fpoke with her, the wind being come to S. W. we tacked about and fleered our courfe N. N. W. lyine as near the wind as we could, and about 4 of the clock, with a Ihffgale, we fleered W. and by N. and at night the wind grew very flrong which put us on to the W. amain. About 10 at night, the wind grew fo high and rain withal, that we were forced to take in our topfail, and having lower'd our mamfail and forefail, theftorm was fo great as it fplit our forefail and tore it to pieces, and the roll of the fea warned our tub overboard, wherein our fifh was a faking. The ftorm ftill grew, and it was dark with clouds, tho' otherwife moon light fo as tho' it was Jewel's turn to-carry the light this night, yet left we mould lofe or go foul one of another we hung out a light upon our mizzen fhrouds, and before midnight we loft fight of our Vice-Admiral. Our Captain, fo foon as he had fet the watch at 8 in the & venmg, called his men and told them he feared we mould hav% a ftorm, and therefore commanded them to be ready upon deck if occafion mould be, and himfelf was up and down the decks all hours of the night. ^ About 4 in the morning the wind tacked a little , yet it con- Friday tinued ftill and tho' in the afternoon it cleared with much i6th. wind, yet the fea was fo high as it toffed us more than before, and we carried r\o more but our mainfail, yet our fhip fleered Well with it, which fome fuch mips could not have done. About 4 in the afternoon the wind fell W. and by S and % m l* W T C r pU VJ? ? "T f rcrail and hoifted * U P> a " give lign to his conforts, that they fliould come aboard us to dinner, for they were both a good way a flernof as, and our Vice- Admiral was not yet feenof us fince the florm, tho we fent to the top every day td defcry him. Aboiit i i of the clock our Captain fertt his fkifF and fetched aboard us the Maftersof the other two mips, and Mr. Pinche- on, and they dined with us in the round houfe, for the lady and gentlewomen dined in the great cabin. This day and the night following we had little wind, fo as the fea was very fmooth, and the fhip made little way. The wind ftill W. and by N. fair weather and calm all that Saturday day and evening. Here we made obfervation again and found 24. We were in 45 2d N. Lat. The wind Northerly, fair weather, but ftill calm ; we flood Sunday W. and by S. and faw two (hips a head of us as far as we could 25. defcry. In the afternoon the wind came W. and by S. but calm ftill. About 5 of the clock the Rear- Admiral and the Jewel had fetched Up the two fhips, and by their faluting each other we perceived they were friends, for they were fo far to the windward of us as we could only fee the fmoke of their pieces, but could not hear them. About 9 of the clock they both fell back towards us again, and we fleered N. N. W. Nowr the weather began to be warm. The wind ftill W. and by S. clofe weather and fcarce a'ny Monday wind. The two mips which we faw yefterday were bound for 26- Canada. Capt. Kirk was aboard the Admiral ; they came up with us, and falling clofe under our lee, we faluted each o- ther, and conferred together fo long 'till the Vice- Admiral was becalmed by our fails, and we were foul one of another ; but there being little wind and the fea calm ; we kept them afunder with our oars &c. 'till they hove out their boat, and fo towed their fhip away. They told us for certain that the King of France had fent ost fix of his own (hips to recover the fort from them. About orie of the clock Capt. Love fent his fkifF aboard us. with a friendly token of love to the Governor, to defire our Captain to come aboard his fhip, which he did, and then met JJ the ,0 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1630. the matters of the other (hips and Capt. Kirk, and before nigKt T,_ - y ,u* they all returned to their (hips again, Capt. Love bellowing feme {hot upon them for their welcome. The wind now blew a pretty gale, fo as our fhip made fome way again, tho it were out of our right courfe N. W. and byN. Tuefday The wind flill Weflerly, a fliff gale with clofe weather, we 37. fleered W. N. W. About noon fome rain and all the day very cold. We appointed Tuefdays and Wednefdays to catechifc our people, and this day Mr. Philips began it. Wednef- All the night and this day till noon, the wind very high at day 2$. S. W. clofe weather and fome rain ; between 1 1 and 12 in a fhower the wind came W. N. W. fo we tacked about and flood S. W. Thurfday Much wind all- this night atW. & by N. and the fea went very 39. high, fo as the fhip rolled very much, becaufe we failed but with one courfe ; therefore about 12, our Captain arofe and caufed the foretopfail to be hoifled, and then the fhip went more fleady. In the morning the wind con tinned, with a ftifFgale, rainy and cold all the day. We had been now three weeks at fea, and were not come above 300 leagues, being about one third part of our way, viz. about 46 N. lat. and near the meridian of the T s. ,This night Capt. Kirk carried the light as one of our con- torts. Friday3O. The wind at W. N. W. a flrong gale all the night and day, with florins now and then. We made obfervation and found we were in 44 N. lat. At night the wind fcanted towards the S. with rain, fo we tacked about and flood N. W. and by N. May i. All the night much wind at S.S.W. and rain; in the Saturday, morning the wind flill flronger, fo as we could bear little fail, and fo it continued a growing florm all the day, and towards night fo much wind as we bore no more fail but fo much as fhould keep the fhip fliff ; then it grew a very great tempeft with fevere mowers of rain intermixed and very cold. Lord's- The tempefl continued all this day, with the wind W. and day 2. by N. and the fea raged and toffed us exceedingly, yet thro y Gods mercy we were very comfortable and few or none fick, but had opportunity to keep the fabbath, and Mr. Philips prayed twice that day. The Ambrc r e and Jewel were feparated far from us the firil night, bat this day we faw them again, but Captain Kirk's fliip we faw not fmce. Moncfay In the night the wind abated, and by morning the fea was 3. well afftvaged, fo as we bore our forefa'jl again, and Hood W. S.W. JOURNAL. is S. W. but all the time of the tempeft we could make no way, 1630. but were driven to the leeward, and the Ambrofe ftruck all her '_ - m - j fail but her mizzen, and lay a hull ; Ihe broke her main yard. This day we made obfervation and found we were in 43 1-2 N. Lat. Wefet two failors in the bolts, till night, with their hands bound behind them. A maid fervant in the (hip being ftomach fick, drank fo much flrong water that me was ienfelefs, and had near killed herfelf. We obferved it a common fault in our grown people, that they gave themfelves to drink hot waters very immoderately. Much wind at S. W-. clofe weather. In the morning we Tuefdajr tacked about and Hood N. W. and about 10 in the morning 4. W. N. W. but made but little way in regard of the hard fea. The wind W. and by S. thick foggy weather and rainy, fo Wednef- we flood N. W. and by W. At night the Lord remembered us, day 5. and enlarged the wind to the N. fo we tacked about and flood ourcourfe W. and by S. with a merry gale in all our fails. The wind at N. a good gale and fair weather. We made Thurf. 6 obfervation and found we were 43 1-2 N. Lat. fo we flood full W. & came in 24 hours about 30 leagues. Some things I obferved here. ifl. that the declination of the pole flar was much (even to the view) beneath what it is in England. 2d. that the new moon, when it fir ft appeared, was much fmaller than at any time I had feen it in England. 3d. that all the way we came, we favv fowls flying and Twimming when we had no land near by 200 leagues. 4th. that whenfoever the wind blew we had ftiil cold weather, and the fun did not give fo much here as in England. The wind N. and by E. a fmall gale, very fair weather, Frid. 7, and towards night a flill calm. This day the Captain and Mr. Love dined aboard the Jewel. All the night calm, in the morning the wind S. W. a Sat. 3, handfome gale, fo we tacked and flood N. W. and foon after the wind growing more large, we flood W. N. W. with a good gale. About four of the clock we faw a whale, who lay juft in our mips way, the bunch of his back about a yard above water ; he would not fwim up, fo we paffed within a flones call of him as he lay fpouting up water. The wind flill S. W. a good gale, but clofe weather and Lord'sday (bme rain, we held on our courfe W. N. W. about 9 it cleared 9. up, and towards night a great fog for an hour or two. We were now in 44 1-2 N. Lat. and a little weft of Cowes. The wind S. S. W. a good gale and fair weather, fo we Mond.io, flood GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1630. flood W. and by N. four or five leagues a watch, all this day. The wind increafed and was a great itorm all the night. About midnight cur Rear- Admiral put forth two lights, whereby we tnew that fome mifchance had befallen her. We anfwered her with two lights again, and came up to her, fo near as we durfl (for the fea went very high) and fhe lay by the lee, but fhe had broken fome of her fhrouds. Having hailed her, we learnt fhe had fprung a leak, fo we went a little a head of her, and bring- ing our forefail a back flays, we ftayed for her, and about two hours after fhe filled her fails, and we flood our courfe together, but our Captain went not to reft, till four of the clock, and fome others of us flept but little that night.*- The florm continued all this day, till three in the afternoon, and the fea went very high, fo as our fhip could make no way, being able to bear no more but our mainfail about midmaft high. At three there fell a great florm ofrain,we layed to the wind, and the wind fhifting into the W. we tacked and flood into the hard fea, to avoid the rolling of our fhip, and by that means we made no way, the fea beating us back as much as the wind put us forward. We had flill cold weather, and our people were fo acquainted with fhowers, as they were not fick, nor troubled, tho we were much tofled 48 hours together, viz. 24 during the florm, and as long the next night and day following. Wed. 12. When we lay as it were ahull, for want of wind, and rolling continually in a high grown fea. This day was cloie and rai- Complaint was made to our Captain of fome injury that one of the under officers of the fhip had done to one of our Jandmen. He called him and examined the caufe, and com- manded him to be tied up by the hands, and a weight to be hanged about his neck ; but at the interceffipn of the Gover- nor, with fome difficulty, he recalled his punifhment. At night the wind blew at S. and by E. a handfome gale, with rain, fo we put forth our fails and flood W. and by S. Thurf.l3. Towards morning the wind came to the S. Weflerly, with clofe weather and a ftrong gale, fo as before noon we took in our topfails, the Rear- Admiral having fplit her fore-topfail, and we flood W. foutherly. Frjd. 14. The wind W. S. W. thick foggy weather, and in the af- ternoon rainy. We flood W. and by S. and after W. and by N. about 5 leagues a watch. We were in 44 1-2 N. Lat. the iun fet N. W. and by N. 1-3 Notherly, and towards night we flood W. Th JOURNAL, ij THe wind Weflerly all this day, fair weather, we tacked 1630. twice to imall purpoie. \ v ~J As the 1 5th was. Sat. 1.5. The wind at SI, a fine gale and fair weather. We flood W. L.Dayi6, and by S. We few a great drift, fo we hove out our fluff, and Mond.i7. it proved a firr log, which feemed to have been many years in the water, for it was all overgrown with barnicles and other trafh. We founded here and found no groiwd^at 100 fathom and more. We faw two whales. About 9 at night the wind grew very flrong at S. W. and continued fo with much rain till one of the clock, then it ceafed raining, but the wind came round to the W". with more violence. In this florin we were forced to take in all our fails fa valour mainfail, and to lower that fo much as we could. In the morning the wind flacked, but we could fland no Twef. 1$. nearer our courfe than N. and we had much wind all this day. In the afternoon we tacked and flood S. and by E. Towards night our Rear Admiral being near two leagues to leeward of us, we came up, and drawing near her, we defcried fcarce two leagues mare to leeward two mips, which we conceived were thofetwoof Captain Kirk's, which parted from us in the ftorm, May 2d. We had flili cold weather. The windS S.W. clofe and rainy, little wind. We tack- Wed. 19* cd again and flood W. but about noon the wind came full W, a very flrong gale, fo we tacked again and flood N. and by E. and at night we took off our main bonnet, and took in all our fails, faveour main courfe, and mizzen. We were now in 44* 13. and by our account in the midway between the falfe back and the main back. All this night a great florm at W. and by N. The florm continued all this day, the wind as it was, and Thurf.za. rainy. In the forenoon we carried our forecourfe and flood W. S. W. but in the afternoon we took it in> the wind in- creating and the fea grown very high, and lying with the helm a wea.ther, we made no way but as the fhip drove. We had flill cold weather. In the great cabbin at 9 at night, &c. and the next day a- Faft. gain, Sec. The florm continued all this night. The wind ilill N. W. little wind and clofe weather. We Frid. 21, ftood S.W. with all our fails, but made little way, and at night it was a Hill calm. A fervant of one of our company had bargained with a child to fell him a box worth 3d. for three bifcuits a day all the voyage, and had received about 40, and had fold them and many more to fome other fervants, We 14 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1630. We caufed his hands to be tied up to a bar, and hung a bafket ' with ftones about his neck, and fo he ftood two hours. Sa. 22. The wind S. S. W. much wind and rain. Our-fpritfail lay fo deep in as it was fplit in pieces with a hard lea at the in- ftant as our Captain was going forth of his cabbin very early in the morning to give orders to take it in. It was a great mercy of God, that it did fplit, for otherwife it had endan- gered the breaking of our bowfprit, and topmaft at leaft, and then we had had no other way but to have returned for Eng- land, except the wind had come eaft. About 10 in the morning in a very great fret of wind, it chopt fuddenly into the W. as it had done divers times before, and fo continued with a fmall gale and ftood N. and by W. About 4 in the afternoon there arofe a fudden ftorm of wind and rain, fo violent as we had not a greater. It continued thick and boifterous all the night. About 7 we defcried a fail a head of us towards the N. and byE. which ftood towards us. Our Captain fuppofing it might be our Vice Admiral, hoifted up his main-fail which before was ftruck down aboard, and came up to meet her, when we drew near her we put forth our enfign, and (he tuffled up to get the wind of us, but when fhe faw me could not fhe bore up, and hoifting up her forefail, ftood away before the wind, yet we made all the figns we could, that we meant her no harm, but me would not hail us. She was within (hot of us, fo as we perceived fhe was a fmall Frenchman which we did fuppofe had been driven off the bank : when (he was clear of us fhe ftood her courfe again, and we ours. This day at 12 we made obfervation and were about 43 but the ftorm put us far to the N. again ; Hill cold weather. JL.day 23. Much wind, ftili Wefterly, and very cold weather. Mond.24* The wind N. W.and by N. a handfome gale, and clofe wea- ther and very cold, we ftood S. W. About noon we had occa- ilon to lie by the lee to ftraighten our mizzen fhrouds, and the Rear Admiral and Jewel being both to windward of us, bore up and came under our lee to enquire if any thing were amifs with us, fo we heard the company was in health in the Jewel, but that two paffengers were dead in the Ambrofe, and one other. Tucf, 25. The wind ftill N. W. fair weather but cold. We went on with a handfome gale, at noon were in 43 1-2 and the va- riation of the compafs was a point and half. All this day :wc ftood W. S. W. about 5 or 6 leagues a watch, and towards night JOURNAL. *S night the wind enlarged, with a cold dam of fnowy rain, and 1630. then we came in a fmooth fea about 8 or 9 leagues a watch, y _f and flood due Weft. The wind Hill N. W. a good gale and fair weather, but Wed. 26. very cold ftill, yet we were about 43. At night we founded, but found no ground. The wind N. W. a handfome gale, fair weather. About Thurf.27* noon it came about to the S. W. and at night rain, with a ftiffgale, and it continued to rain very hard 'till it was near midnight. This day our IkifF went aboard the Jewel for a hogfhead of water which we borrowed, becaufe we could not come by our own, and there came back in the fluff the mafter of the Jewel and Mr. Nowell, fo our Captain flayed them to dinner and fent for Capt. Love, and about two hours after dinner, they went aboard their own mips, our Capt. giving Mr. Nowell three fhot, becaufe he was one of the owners of our fhip. We underftood now that the two Which died in the Ambrofe were Mr. Cradock's fervants who were fick when they came to fea ; and one of them mould have been left at Cowes if any hoft would have received htm. In the Jewel al- fo one of the feamen died ; he was a moft profane fellow, and one who was very injurious to the paffengers, 'tho much a- gainft the will of the mafter. At noon we tacked about and flood W. and by N. and fo continued moft part of that day and night following, and had much rain till midnight. In the morning the wind veered to the W. yet we had a Frid, 2& ftiffgale and fleered N. W. and by N. It was fo great a fog all this day, as we had loft' fight ofoifeof our mips, and faw the other fome leagues to leeward : We had many fine mow- ers of rain throughput this day. At night the wind cleared up, and we faw both our confer ts fair by us ; fo the wind be- ing very fcant, we tacked and flood W. and by S. A child was born in the Jewel about this time. The wind N. W. a ftiif gale and fair weather, but very Sat. 29* cold. In the afternoon full N. and towards night N. and by E. fo we flood W. The wind N. and by E. a handfome gale, but clofe L.day^ inifty weather, and very 'cold, foour ihip made good way in * fmooth fea, and our three mips kept clofe together. By our account we were in the fame meridian with Ifle Sable, and 42 1-2. Wind N. W. a fmall gale, clofe and cold weather, we Mond.jl* founded but had no ground. About noon the wind came N. and by E, a ftiff conftant gale and fair weather, fo our (hip's way waa GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1630. June i . Tuefday. . Wed. 2. Thurf. 3, Frid. 4. / \ Sat. 5. L. day 6. was 7, 8, and fometimes 12 leagues a watch. This day abouf ,5 at night we expecled the eclipfe, but there was not any, the' fun being fair and clear from three 'till it fet. The wind N. E. a fin all gale, with fair clear weather ; in the afternoon full S. and towards night a good gale. We flood W. and by N. A woman in our fhip fell in travail, and we fent and had a midwife out of the Jewel. She was fo far a head of us at this time (tho' uftfally we could fpare her fome fail) as we (hot off a gun and lower'd our topfails, and then fhe trailed her fails and ftayed for us. '] his evening we faw the new moon more than half an hour after funfet, being much (mailer than it is at any time in England. The wind S. S. W. a handfome gale, very fair weather, but ftill cold ; in the evening a great fog. We ftood W. and by N. and W. N. W. Our Captain fuppofing us now to be near the N. coaft, and knowing that to the S. there were dan- gerous {hoals, fitted on a new main-fail, that was very ftrong and double, and would not adventure with his old fails as be- fore when he had fea-room enough. The wind S.and by W. a good Heady gale, and we ftotid W. and by N. The fog continued very thick, and fome rain with all. We founded in the morning and again at noon, and had no ground ; we founded again about two, afternoon, and had ground about 80 fathom, a fine greyfand, fo we pre- fently tacked and ftood S. S. E. and fhot off a piece of ord- liance to give notice to our conforts whom we faw not fince laft evening. The fog Continued all this night, and a fteady gale at S. W. About 4 in the morning we tacked again (the wind S. W.) and ftood W. N. W. The fog continued all this day, fo as we could not fee a {tones caft from us ; yet the fun fhonfe very bright all the day. We founded every two hours, but had no ground. At night we tacked again and ftood S. In the morning the wind came to the N. E. a handfome gale, and the fog was difperfed, fo we ftood before the wind W. and by N. all the afternoon being rainy. At night we founded, but had no ground. In the great cabin thankfgiv- ing. It rained moft part of this night, yet our Gapt. kept abroad, and was forced to come in in the night to fhift his cloaths. We founded every half watch but had no ground. The wind N. E. and after N. a good gale, but ftill foggy at times and cold. We ftood W. N. W. both to make Cape Sable, if we might, and alfo becaafe of the current, which, near the W. fhore, fets to the S. that we might be the more clear from the JOURNAL. j. the fouthern moals, viz. of Cape Cod. About 2 in the af- 1630. ternoon we founded and had ground at about So fathom, and v^ y-^^. the mift then breaking up, we fkw the ihore to the N. about 5 or 6 leagues off, arid were, as we fuppo'ed, to the S. W. of * Cape Sable, and in 43 1-4 towards night it calmed and was foggy again, and the wind came S. and by E. we taeked and flood W. and by N. intending to make land at Aqttawedcus, being to the N. of the Ifles of Shoals. The wind S. About 4 in the morning we founded arid had McruL 7, ground at 30 fathom, and was fomewhat calm, fo we put our. fliip aftays, and took, ill lefs than two hours, with a few hooks, 67 codfifh, moll of them very great fifh, forrie a yard and half long, being a yard in compafs. This came very feafonablyj our fait fiih was now fpent, and we were taking care for vic- tuals this day (being a fiih day). After this we fitted our fails and flood W. N. W. with a fmall gale. The weather was now very cold. We founded at 8 and had 50 fathom, and being calm we hove" out our hooks again, and took 26 cods* fo we all feailed xvith fifh this day". A woman was delivered of a child in our fhip, ftill born : The woman ha^l divers chil- dren before, but none lived, and me had fome rniTchance now* which caufed this to come near a month before her time, but ihe did very well. At one of the clock we" had a frem gale at N. W. and very fair weather all that afternoon* and warm> but the wind failed fodn. All the night the wind was W. and by S. a ftiffgale, which made us Iland to and again with fmall advantage. The wind ftill Vv r . and by S. fair Weather, but clofe and Tuef, 8* cold. We flood N. N. W. with a fliff gale, and about 3 in the afternoon we had fight of land to the N. W. about eight leagues, which vs^fuppofed was the Ifleof Monhegan> but it proved Mount Manfelle. Then we tacked and flood W. S. W* We had now fine"fun-fhirie w^^lR an d fo pleafant a fcene here as did much refrefh us, and there came a fmell off the fhore like the fmell of a garden; There came a wild pigeon into our fhip, and another fmall land-bird. In the morning the wind Eaflerly, bat grew prefently calm* Wedi $* Now we had Very fair weather and warm : About noon the wind came to S. W. fo we flood W. N. W. with a handfome gale, and had the main hind upon our ftarboard all that day about 8 or 10 leagues off. It is very high land, lying in ma- ny hills very unequal. At night we faw many fmall iflands (being low-land) between us and the main, about or 6 leagues off us ; and about three leagues from us towards the main, a fmall rock a little above water, At night we founded C and t* . GOVERNOR WINTHROP's v 1630. and had foft oozy ground at 60 fathom : fo the wind being- \~~*y*< ~* now fet at W. we tacked again and flood S. S. W. we were now in 43 30. This high land which we. faw we judged to be at the W, cape of the great bay which goeth towards Port- Royal, called Mount Defert or Mount Manfelle, and noif- land, but part of the main. In the night the wind fhifted often, Thurf. 10. In the morning the wind S. and by W. till 5, in the morn- ing a thick fog ; then it cleared up with fine weather, but fomewhat clofe. After we had run for 10 leagues W, by S. we loft fight of the former land, but made other high land on our itarboard as far off as we could defcry, but we loft it again. The wind continued all this day at S. a ftiff fteady gale, yet we bore all our fails and flood W. S. W. About 4 in the af- ternoon we made land on our ftarboard bow, called the Three Turks Heads, being a ridge of three hills upon the main, whereof the Southermcft is the greateft : It lies near Aquawe- ticus. We defcried alfo another hill more northward, which lies by Cape Porpus. We faw alfo ahead of us, fearce four * called leagues from more, a fmall rock * not above a flight (hot, over Bonnelfle which hath a dangerous fhoal to the E. and by S. of it, fome two leagues in length : We kept our left and weathered it, and left it on our ftarboard about two miles off. Towards night we might fee the trees in all places very plainly and a fmall hill to the Southward of the Turks Heads. All the reft of the land to the S. was plain low land ; Here we had a fine frefh fmell from more. Then left we mould not get clear of the , ledge of rocks which lay under water from within a flight mot of the faid rock, called Bonne Ifle, which we had now bronght N. E. from us towards Pifcataquac, we tacked and flood S. E. with a ftiff gale at S. and by W. Jrid. IF. The wind dill S. W.- clofe weather ; we ftood to and again all this day within fight of Gape Anne. The Ifles of Shoals were now within two leagues of us, and we faw a Ihip lie there at anchor, and 5 or 6 fhallops under fail up and down. We took many mackarel, and metamallop which ftood from Cape Anne towards the Ifles of Shoals, which belonged to fome Eng- Km riihermen, Sat. 12. About 4 in the morning we were near our port : We fhot ofF two pieces of ordnance, and fent our fkifr" to Mr. Pierce his ihip which lay in the harbour, and had been here days before. About an hour after, Mr. Allerton came aboard us in a mailop as he was failing to Penaquid. As we flood towards the harbour we faw another ftiallop coming to us, fo we ftood , in to meet her, and paffed thro the narrow {height between " Baker's JOURNAL. , 9 Baker's Ifle and Little Ifle, and came to an anchor a little 1630. within the IfUnd. *_ -^_ _f After Mr. Pierce came aboard us, and returned to fetch Mr. Endicott, who came to us about 2 of the clock, and with him Mr. Shelton and Capt. Levett. We that were of the af- iiftants, and fome other gentlemen, and fome of the women and our Captain, returned with them to * Nahumkeck, where * Salem- we lupped on a good venifon paftry and good beer, and at night we returned to our Ihip, but fome of the women ftayed behind. In the morning the reft of the people went on Ihore upon the land off Cape Anne, which lay very near us, to ga- ther ftore of ftrawberries. An Indian came aboard us and lay here all night. In the morning the Sagamore of Agawam and one of his Sand- ij. men came aboard our Ihip and ftayed with us all day. About 2 in the afternoon we defcried the Jewel, fo we manned out our fluff and wafted them in, and they went as near the har- bour as the tide and wind would fuffer. In the morning early we weighed anchor, and the wind be- Mond, 14; Ing againft us, and the channel fo narrow as we could not well turn in ; we warped in our fhip and came to an anchor in the inward harbour. In the afternoon we went with the moft of, our company on more, and our Capt. gave us 5 pieces. We went to Mattachufetts, to find out a place for our fit- Thurf.i7 ting down. We went up Miftick river about fix miles. We lay at Mr. Maverick's, and returned home on Saturday. As we came home, we came by Natalkott and fent for Capt. Squibb >s afhore. He had brought the Weft-country people, viz. Mr. Ludiow, Mr. Roffeter, Mr. Maverick, and ended a difference between him and the paffengers, whereupon he fent his boat to his {hip (the Mary and John) and at our firing gave us five pieces. At our return we found the Ambrofe in the harbour at Salem. The Mayflower and the Whale arrived fafe in y Charlton' July i. harbour. Their paffengers were all in health, but moft of Thudcla/ their cattle dead (whereof a mare and horfe of mine) fome few horfes came over in good plight. The Talbott arrived here ; (he had loft I4panengers. July 2. My fon Henry Winthrop, was drowned at Salem. Frid. The Hopewell, and William and Francis arrived. Sat, 3. The Trial arrived at Charlton, and the Charles at Salem. Mond. 5. The Succefs arrived ; (he had goats and loft of Tuef. 6. them, and many of her paffengers were near ftarved, &c. The Lyon went back to Salem. Wed. 7. We kept a day of Thankfgiving in all the plantations. Thurf. 8 Captain. ? GOVERNOR WINTHROPs 1650, Captain Endicott and Gibfon were married by the e -v Governor and Mr. Wilfon. Thur.. i 8. The French ihip called the Guide came into the harbour at Aug. 20. Charlton, fhe had been 12 weeks at lea and loll one paffenger Sat. and 12 goats ; fhe delivered fix. Monday we kept a Court. JFrid. 27. We of the congregation Uept a faft, and cr^ofe Mr- Wilfon pur teacher and Mr. JSewell an ek er, and Mr. Gager and Mr. Afpenwall, deacons. We ufed impofition of hands, but with this protefiatjon by all that it was only as a fign of election and confirmation, npt of any intent that Mr. Wilfon fhould re- nounce his money he received in England. Sept. so. Mr Gager died. . About 2 in the morning, Mr. Jfaac Johnfcn, died ; hjs wife the Jady Arabella oi the hcuie of Lincoln, being dead about one jponth, beiore. He was a holy man, and wife, and died in. iweet peace, leaving feme part of his fubilance to the colony, The wolyes killed fix calves at Salem, and they killed one wolf. Thomas Morton adjudged to be imprifoned till he were fent jnto Jingland, and his houfe burnt down for his many inju- ries offered to the Indians, and other mifJemeanors, Captain Bropks, mailer of the Gift, refuted to carry him. French of Watertown had his wigwam burnt and all his goods. Billigton executed at Plimouth for murdering one. Mr. Philips,, Minifter of Watertown, and others, had their hay burnt. The wolves killed fome fwine at Saugus : a cow died at Ply- mouth, and a goat atBoilon with eating Indian corn. pfl. 23. Jvlr. Roileter one of the aifiitants died. 25. Jvlr. Cplburne, who was chofen deacon by the congregation a week before, was inverted by impofition of hands of the Mi- njfter and elder, The Governor, upon confideration of the inconveniences which had grown in England by drinking one to another, re- drained it at his own table, and wifhed others to do the like, fo as if grew by little and little to difufe. 29. The Handmaid arrived at Plimouth, having been 12 weeks at fea, and fpent all her mails, and of 28 cows fhe left 10, She had about 60 paiTengers who came all well. John Grant, jpafter, Mr. GofFe wrote me that his (hipping this year had utterly undone him. 4\ T oy. II. The mailer came to Bofton with Captain Standiih asd twa gentlemen pairengers who came to plant here, but having n - we would not receive theni. JOURNAL. 21 Firmin of Watertown had his wigwam burnt. Divers had 1630. their hay-flacks burnt by burning the grafs. ' T _* Three of the Governor's Servants were from this day to 27 the i ft December abroad in their fkiff among th^ Iflands in bitter frofl and fnow, being kept from home by the N. W. wind, and without victuals : at length they got to Mount Woollaflon, and left their boat there, and came home by land Laus Deo. The Governor and mofl cf the affiflants and others met at Dec. 6, Roxbury, and there agreed to build a town fortified upon the neck between that and Boilon, and a committee was appointed to confider of all things requifite, &c. The committee met at Roxbury, and upon further confe- deration, forreafons, it was concluded, that we could not have a town in the place aforefaid. I. Becaufe men would be for- ced to keep two families. 2. There was no running water, and if there were any Spring's they would not fuffice the town. 3. The moftpart of the people had built already, and would not be able to build again : fo we agreed to meet at Water- town that day fen'night, and in the mean time other places ftiould be viewed, Capt. Neale and three other gentlemen came hither to us, he came in the bark Warwich this fummer to Pifcataqua, fent as Governor there for Sir Ferdinand Georges and others. We met again at Watertowta, and here, upon view of a 21 place a mile beneath the town, all agreed it a fit place for a beautiful town, and we took time to confider further about it. Till this time there was for the moft part, fair open weather, 23 with gentle frofts in the night ; but this day the wind came N. W. very ftrong, and fome fnow withall, but focold as fome haft their fingers frozen, and in danger to be loft. Three of the Governor's fervants coming in a fhallop from Miftick, were driven by the wind upon Noddles Ifland, and forced to flay there all that night, without fire or food, yet thro God's mer- cy they came fare to Boflon next day, but the fingers of two of them were bliftered with cold, and one fwooned when he came to the fire. The rivers are frozen up, and they of Charleflown could not 2$ come to the fermon at Boilon till the afternoon at high water. Many pf our cows and goats were forced to be ilill aboard for want of houfes. Richard Garner a (hoc-maker of Boflon, and one of the con- 2 9> gregation there, with one of his daughters a young maid and four others went towards Plimouth in a fhallop, agaihfl the advice '_ zi GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1630. advice of their friends, and about the Gurnett's nofe the wind * y ^f overblew fo much at N. W. as they were forced to come to a hillock at 20 fathom, but their boat drove and fhaked out the ftern and they were put to fea, and the boat took in much wa- ter, which did freeze fo hard as they could not free her, fo they gave themfelve for loft, and commending themlelves to God, they difpofed themfelves to die, but one of their company ef- pying land near Cape Cod, they made fhift to hoifl up part of their fail, and by God's fpecial providence were carried thro the rock to the more, when fome got on land, but fome had their legs frozen into the ice, fo as they were forced to be cut out. Being come on more they kindled a fire, but having no hatchet, they could get little wood, and were forced to lie in the open air all night, being extremely cold. Jn the morning two of their company went towards Plimouth, fuppofing it had been within feven or eight miles, vyhereas it was near fifty miles from them. By the way they met with two Indian fquaws, who coming home, told their hufbands that they had met two Englifh men : they thinking (as it was) that they had been Shipwrecked, made after them, and brought them back to their wigwam, and entertained them kindly, and one of them "went with them the next day to Plimouth, and the other went to find out their boat and the reft of their company, which were feven miles off, and having found them, he helped them what he could, and returned to -his wigwam, and fetched them a hatchet, and built them a wigwam and covered it, and got them wood, for they were fo weak and frozen, as they could not ftir, and Garner died about two days after his landing, and the ground being fo frozen as they could not dig his grave, the Indian hewed a hole about half a yard deep, with his hatch- et, and having lain the corps in it, he laid over it a great heap of wood to keep it from the wolves. By this time the Gover- nor of Plimouth had fent three men to them with pro- vifions, who being come, and not able to launch their boat, (which with the itrong N. W. wind was driven up to the high water mark) the Indian returned to Plimonth and fetched three more, but before they carne they had launched their boat, and with a fair Southerly wind were gotten to Plimouth where another of their company died, his flefh being mortified with the froft ; and the two who went to wards Plimouth died alfo, one of them being not able to get hither, and the other had his feet fo frozen as he died of it after. The girl efcaped beft, and one Harmer, a godly man of the congregation of B. lay- long under the furgeon's hands, and it was above fix weeks be- fore he could get the boat from Plimouth ; and ia their return ' they JOURNAL, * tKey were much diftrefled, yet their boat was -very well man- 1631. ned, the want whereof before wasthecaufe of their lofs. .... - , A houfe at Dorchefter was burnt down. January. Mr. Freeman's houfe at Watertown was burned down, t but Feb. u. being in the day time, his goods were faved. The (hip Lyon, Mr. William Pierce, matter, arrived at 5 Nantafket. She brought Mr. Williams a godly man, with his , wife, Mr. Throgmorton, Perkins, Augre and others with their wives and children, about twenty pafTengers, and about 200 tons of goods. She fet fail from Briftol, Decem- ber i ft. me had a very tempeftuous paffage, yet through God's ' mercy, all their people came fafe, except Way e, hisfon, who fell from the fpritfail yard in a tempeft, and could not be re- covered, tho he kept in fight, near a quarter of an hour : her goods came alfo in good condition. The Governor went aboard the Lyon riding by Long-Iiland. 8 The Lyon came to anchor before Bofton, where me rode ve- 9 ry well, notwithftanding the great drift of ice. The froft broke up, and after that tho we had many ftorms IO and fharp froft, yet they continued not, neither were the wa- ters frozen upas before. And it hath been obferved ever fince this bay was planted by the Englifh, viz, feven years, that at this day the froft hath broken up every year. The poorer fort of people who lay long in tents, &c. were much afflicted with the fcurvy, and many died, efpecially at Bofton and Charlef- town ; but when this fhip came and brought us good ftores of juice of lemons, many recovered fpeedily.. It hath been al- ways obferved, that fuch as fell into difc'ontent, and lingered after their former condition in England, fell into the fcurvy and died. Captain Weldon, a hopeful young gentleman and a experi- 18 cnced foldier, died at Charleftown of a confumption, and was buried at Bofton, with a military funeral. Of the elder planters and fuch as came the year before, there were but two, and thofe fervants, which had the fcurvy in all the country. At Plimouth not one had it, nor out of thoftf who came this year (whereof there were above fixty) . Where- as at their firft planting time near the half of their people died of it. A mallop of Mr. Glover's was caft away Upon the rocks, about Nahant, but the men were faved. , Of thofe which went back in the (hips this fommer, for fear of death or famine, &c. many died by the way and after they were landed, and others fell very fick and lean, &c. ? Ambrofc, whereof Captain Love was mafter, being 1 new 2 4 GOVERNOR WfKTHROP'i 163 1. new mafled at Charleftown, fpent all her matfs near NewfoundU V v M >> land, and had periled, if Mr. Pierce, in the Lypn, whd was her conlort, had not towed her home toBriftol. Of the other fliips which returned, 3, viz. the Charles, the Succefs, and the Whale, were fet upon by Dunkirkers, near Plimouth in England, and after a long fight, having loft many men, and being much torn, efpecially the Charles, they got into Plimouth. Tonnage The provision which came to us this year, came at exceffivt* was at rates, in regard ot the dearnefs of corn in England, fo as eve- .6 ii. ry bnfliel of, wheat meal flood us in fourteen failliags, peafe eleven and fix-pence, &c. 22 We held a day of thankfgiving for this mi 's arrival, by order from the Governor and Council direded to all the plan- tations. March 1 6. About noon the chimney of Mr. Sharp's houfe* in Bofion took fire (the fplinters being not clayed at the top) and taking the thatch burnt it down, and the wind being N. W. drove the fire to Mr. Colburne's houfe, being rods off, and burnt that down alfo, yet they faved moft of their goods. 23 Chickatabot came with his fannops and and fquaws, and pre- fented the Governor with a bufhel of Indian corn. After they had all dined and had each a fmall cup of facke and beer, and the men tobacco, he lent away all his men and women, tho the Governor would have itayed them, in regard to the rain and thunder ; himfelf and one fquavv and one fannop ftayed al! night, and being in Englifh clothes, the Gov. fet them at his own table, where he behaved himfelf as foberly, &c. as anEn- S'ilhman. The next day after dinner he returned here, the overnor giving him cheefe and peafe and a mug and fome other fmali things. 26 John Sagamore and James his brother, with divers fannops came to the Governor to defire his letter for recovery of 20 beaver fkins which one Watts in England had forced him of. . . The Governor entertained them Icindly and gave them his let- ter with directions to Mr. Dunning in England &c. The night before alarm was given in divers of the planta- tions ; it arofe thro the mooting off fome pieces at Watertown by occafion of a calf which had loft, and the foldiers were fent cut with their pieces to fearch the wilds from thence till they might find it. , ^9 Sir Richard Saltonftall and his two daughters and one of his younger fons (his two eldeft fons remained ftill in the country) came down to Bollon and ftayed that night at the Governors, and the next morning by 7 of the clock, accompanied with Mr. Pierce JOURNAL, 2 Kercfc and others in two mallops, they departed to go to 1631. their fhip riding at Salem [This fhip fet fail from Salem April u-b-^y-*^, i, and arrived at London, all fafe, April 29]. The Governor gave them three ducks at their fetting fail, the wind being N. W. a fliff gale and full fea. Mr. Sharpe went away at the fame time in another ihallop. About loof the clock Mr. Coddington and Mr. \Vilfon and divers of the congregation met at the Governor's, and there- Mr. Wilfon praying and exhorting the congregation to love&c!. commended to them the exercife of prophecy in his abience and defigned thofe whom he thought moil fit for it (viz) the Gover- nor, Mr. Dudley, and Mr. Newell the elder ; then he defired the Governor to commit himfelf and the reft to God by pray- er, which being done, they accompanied him to the boat, and fo they went over to x Charlefton to go by land to the {hip. The beginning of this month we had very much rain and April, warm weather. It is a general rule that when the wind blows 12 hours in any part of the Eait it brings rain or mow in great abundance. Wahquimaeut, a fachem upon the ffVe"f Q^onehtacut which 4 lies W. of Naraganfet, came to the Governor at Bofton, with John Sagamore and Jack Strains (ah Indian which had lived in England and had ferved Sir Walter Raleigh and was novv turned Indian again) and divers of their fannops, and brought a letter to the Governor from Mr. Endicot to this effect ; that the faid Wahquimacut was very defirous to have fome E nglifli- men come plant in his country, and offered to find them com, and give them yearly eighty 4kins of beaver, and that the country was very fruitful, and wiihed that there might be two men fent with him to fee the country. The Governor entertained them at dinner, but would fend none with him. He difcovered af- ter, that the faid Sachem is a very treacherous man and at war with the Pekoath (a far greater Sagamore) i his country is at about five days journey from us by land. At a court holden at Bolton (upon information to the Go- l* vernor that they of Salem had called Mr. Williams to the of- fice of a teacher) a letter was written from the court to Mf. Endicot to this efrefl ; that whereas Mr. Williams had refilled to join with the churches at Bolton, becaufe they would not make a public declaration of their repentance for having com- munion with the churches cf England while they tarried there ; and beftdes had declared his opinion that the magiftrate might not punim the breach of the fabbath nor any other offence that was a breach of the firft table ; and therefore they marvelled they would choofs him without advifing with tha council, and D withal > GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1631. withal defiring him that he would forbear to proceed until they _ y _ J had conlidered about it. 13 Chickatabot came to the Governor, and defired to buy fome Engliih cloths for himfelf. The Governor told him that Eng- lifh Sagamores did rot ufe to truck, but he called his taylorand gave him order to make him a fuit of clothes, whereupon he gave the governor two large {kins of coat beaver, and after he and his men had dined he departed, and faid he would come again three days after for his fuit. I An order was made that no man mould difcharge apiece af- ter funfet, except by occafion of alarm. 15 Chickatabot came to the Governor again, and he put him into a very good new fuit from head to foot, and after he fat meat before him, but he would not eat till the Governor had given thanks, and after meat he defired him to do the like, and fo departed. 21 The houfe of Jo. Page of Watertown was burnt by carry- ing a few coals from one houfe to another, a coal fell by the way and kindled in the feaves. One Sir Chriftopher Gardiner, knight of the Golden be- ing accufed to have two" Wives in England, "was fent for, but he had intelligence and efcaped, and travelled up and down .among the Indians about a week, but by means of the Gover- nor ofPlimouth, he was taken about Namafcut, and brought to Plimouth, and from thence he was brought by Capt. Un- May 4. derhill and his Lieut. Dudley to Bofton. 1 6 There was an alarm given to all our towns in the night by occafion of a piece which was ihot off, (but where could not be known) and the Indians having fent us word the day before that the Mohawks were coming down againil them and us. 37 A general court at Bofton, the former Governor was chofen again and all the freemen of the commons were fworn to the government. At noon, Cheefeburrows houfe was burnt down, all the people being prefent. 27 There came from Virginia into Salem a pinnace of 18 tons, laden with corn and tobacco, (he was- bound to the Northward, and put in here by foul weather ; me fold her corn at lo/the buihel. June 14, At a court To. Sagamore and Chickatabot being told at laft court of fome "injuries that their men did to our cattle, and giv- ing confent to make fatisfaclion Sec. now one of their men was complained of for mooting a pig, for which Chickatabot was ordered to pay a fmall &in of beaver, which he prefently paid. JOURNAL. 2 At this court one Philip Ratlif a fervant of Mr. Cradock, 1631. being convict ore teaus of moil foul fcandalous invedives a- *_ T gainft our churches ancfgovernment, was cenfured to be whip- ped, lofe his ears, and be baniihed the plantation, which was prefently executed. There came a mallop from Pifcataqua which brought news 25 of a fmall Englim Ihip come thither with provifions and fome Frenchmen to make ialt. By this boat Capt Neal, Governor of Pifcataqua lent a packet of letters to the Governor, dirediecl to Sir Chriftopher Gardiner, which \\hen the Governor had opened he found it came from Sir Ferdinand Gorges (who claims a great part of the bay of Maffachuietts). In the pac- ket was one letter to Thomas Morton (fent prifoner before in- to England upon the Ld. Chief Juilice's Warrant) by both which letters it appeared that he had fomefecret defign to re- cover his pretended right, and that he repofed much truft in Sir Chriilopher Gardiner. Thefe letters were opened becaufe they were directed to one who was our priibner and had declar- ed himfelf an ill wille;- to our government. There came to the Governor Capt. S of Dorchef- 2j ter, and brought letters out of the White Angel which was* lately arrived at Sauco ; me brought ' cows, goats and hogs, and much provifions for the Bay and for Plimouth. Mr. Al- lerton returned in this Ihip, and by him we heard that the Friendfhip which put cut from Barnftable weeks before the Angel, was forced home again by extremity of foul wea- ther, and fo had given over her voyage. This fhip the Angel fet fail from The Governor built a bark at Miftick, which was launched July 4. this day, and called the Bleffing of the Bay. A fmall mip of 60 tons arrived at Natafcott Mr. Graves 6 mailer, me brought ten pafTengers from London, they came* with a patent to Sagadahock, but not liking the place, they came hither. This fhip drew 10 feet and went up to Water- town, (he run on ground twice by the way. Thefe were the company called the hufbandmen, the fhip called the plough ; xnoft of them proved familifts and vaniflied away. Canonicus, fon to the great jSachem of Naraganfet, came to 13 the Governor's houfe with Jo. Sagamore, after they had dined he gave the Governor a fkin, and the Governor requited him with a fair pewter pot, which he took very thankfully and flay- ed all night. The Ship called the Friendmip of Barnftable arrived at Eof- 14 ton, after me had been at fea 1 1 weeks, and beaten back again by foul weather. She fet fail from Barnftable again about S GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1631. the middle of May; {he landed here eight heifers and one y T _ calf and five iheep. The White Angel came into the bay; fhe landed here 21 heifers, 3,1 The Governor and deputy and Mr. Newell the elder of the congregation at Bofton went to Watertown to confer \vith Mr. Phijips, the pallor, and Mr. Brown, the elder of the con- gregation there, about an opinion which they had published that the churches of Rome were the true churches. The jnatter was debated before many of both congregations, and by the approbation of all the ailernbly except three, was concluded an error. 29 The Friendfhip fet fail for Chriflopher Iflands, and ran on ground behind C Ifland. 30 The White Angel fell down for Plimouth, but the wind not favouring fhe came to an anchor by Long-lfland, and ran 03 ground a week after, near Gurnett's nofe. Mr Ludlow in digging the foundation of his houfe at Dor- chefter, found two pieces of French money, one was coined in 1596, they were in fevejral places above a foot within the firm ground. Aug. 8. The Torentines to the number of one hundred, came in 30 canoes, and in the night aflaulted the wigwam of the Sacheni of Agawam, by -^ and flew feven men, and wounded Joha Sagamore and James and fomc others (whereof fome died af- ter) and rifled a Wigwam" where Mr. Cradock's men kept to catch flurgeon, took away their nets and bifcuit, &c. A fmall bark of Salem, of about 12 tons, coming towards the bay, Jo. Elfton and two of Mr. Cradock's fifhermen be- ing in her, and two tons of flone, and three barrels of train oil, was overfet in a guft, and being buoyed up by the oil, Ihe floated up and down till then, when a boat coming by efpied 19 them and faved them. The Plough returned to Charleitown after fhe had been on her way to the C Ifiands, about three weeks, and was fo broke fhe could not return here. 31 The Governor's bark, called the BlefTmg of the Bay, being of 30 tons, went to lea. JSep. 6. The White Angel fet fail from Marble Harbour. About thi time laft year, the company here fet forth a pinnace to the parts r.bout Cape Cod, to trade for corn, and it brought here about 80 bus. This year again the Salem pinnace, being bound hither for corn, was, by contrary winds, put into Pli- jncuth, where th Governor, &c. fell out, not only forbidding them to trade, but alfo telling them that they would oppois y force, even ID the fpending of their lives, kc. where- upon JOURNAL. z upon they returned and acquainting the Governor of MaflTa- 1631. chufetts with it, he wrote to the Governor of Plimouth this \ -- f letter here inierted, with their anfwer which came about a month after.* The wolves did much hurt to calves and fwine between Charles River and Miftick. At the laft court a young fellow was whipped for foliciting an Indian fquavv to incontinency : her hufband and (he com^ plained of the injury, and were Prefentat the execution, and very well fatisfied. At the fame court one Henry Lincon was whipped and banifhed for writing letters into England, full of ilander againft our government, and orders of our churches. Mr. Shark of Pennaquid fent home James Sagamore's wife, i who had been taken away at thefurprize atAgawam, and wrote that the Indians demanded fathom of wampampeague and Ikins for her remiflion. At a couit one Jofias Playftone and two of his fervants were '27 cenfured for ftealing corn from Chickatabot and his men, who were prefent, the mailer to reflore two fold, and to be degra- ded from the title of a gentleman, and fined five pounds, and his men to be whipped. The Blefling went on a voyage to the eaftward. Oft. 4, The Governor being at his farm houfe at Miftick, walked J I Out after f upper and took a piece in his hand, fuppofing he might fee a wolf f for they came daily about the houfe, and killed fwine and calves, &c.) ana being about half a mile off, it grew fuddenly dark, fo as in coming home he miftook his path, and went till he came to a little houfe of Sagamore John, which flood empty ; there he flayed, and having a piece of jnatch in his pocket (for he always carried about his match and compafs, and in the former there fpake need) he made a good fire and warmed the houfe, and lay down upon fome old jnatts which he found there, andfo fpent the night, fometimes walking by the fire, fometimes finging pfalms, and fometimes getting wood, but could not fleep. It was (thro God's mer- cy) a weary night, but a little before day it began to rain, and having no cloak, he made fhift by a long pole to climb up in- to the houfe. In the morning there came thither an Indian fquaw, but perceiving her before me had opened the door, he barred her out, yet me flayed there a great while effaying to get in, and at laft me went away, and he returned fafe home, his fervant having been much perplexed for him, and having walked about, and mot off pieces and hollooed in the night, but he heard them not. The letter is not injerted. Edit, 30 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's The Governor received a letter from Capt. Wiggin of Pif- cataqua, informing him of a murder committed the 3d of this month at Richman's ifle, by an Indian Sagamore, called Squid Rapfet and his company, upon one Walter Bagnell, called Great Walter, and one Jo. W who kept with him, they having killed them, burnt the houfe over them, and carried away their guns and what elfe they liked : he perfuaded the Governor to fend 20 men prefently to take revenge, but the Governor advifing with fome of the Council, thought belt to : , fet IH11 awhile, partly becaufe he heard that Capt. Neale &c. were gone after them, and partly becaufe of the feafon (it be- ing then froft and fnow) and want of boots fit for that expe- dition- This Bagnell was fometimes fervant to one in the Bay, and thefe three years had dwelt alone in the faid ifle, and had gotten about 400!. intereit in government ; he was a wicked fellow, and had much wronged the Indians. -> The Governor, with Capt. Underbill and other of the of- ficers went on foot to Sagus, and next day to Salem, where they were bountifully entertained by Capt. Endicott, &c. and the 2 8th they returned to Bolton by the fort at Sagus river, and fo over to Miilick. A plentiful crop. 30 The Governor having erefted a building of ftone at Miftick, there came fo violent a ftorm of rain for twenty- four hours from the N. E. and S. E. as (it being not fmifhed, and laid with clay for want of lime) two fides of it were waflied down to the ground, and much harm was done to other houfes by that ftorm. Nov. 2. : The fhip LyonWm. Pierce, mafter, arrived at Natafcot, there came in her the Governor's wife, and other of his chil- dren, and Mr. Eliot, a minifter, and other families, being in all about 60 perfons, who all arrived in good health, having been ten weeks at fea, and loft none of their company but two children, whereof one was the Governor's daughter Anne, about one year and half old, who died about a week after they came to fea. 3 The wind being contrary the fhip ftayed at Long-Ifland, but the* Governor's fon came on more, and that night the Governor went to the (hip and lay aboard all night, and the next morn- ing the wind coming fair, me came to an anchor before Bof- ton. 4 The Governor, his wife and children went on more with Mr. Pierce in his mip boat, the fiiip gave them fix or feven pieces. At their landing the Captains with their companies in arms entertained them with a guard and divers vollies of JOURNAL, , and three drakes ; and divers of the affiftants and moft 1631, of the people of the near plantations, came to welcome them, and brought and fent, for divers days, great llore of provi- fions, as fat hogs, kids, veniion, poultry, geefe, partridge*, &c. fo as the like joy and manifettation of love had never been feen in New-England : it was a great marvel that fo much people and ftore of provifions could be gathered together at fo few hours warning. We kept a day of thankfgiving at Bofton. 1 1 The Governor of Plimouth came to Bofton and lodged in, 17 the (hip. Mr. Pierce went down to his (hip which lay at Nantafcot. 23 Divers went home with him into England by Virginia, as Sir Richard Saltonftall, his eldeft fon and others, and they were iix weeks in going to Virginia. The congregation at Watertown, whereof Mr. G. Philips was paftor, had chofen one Richard Brown for their elder before named, who perfiftihg in hisopinion of the truth of the Romiih church, and maintaining other errors withal, and be- ing a man of a very violent fpirit, the court wrote a letter to the congregation, directed to the paftor and brethren to advife them to take into confi deration whether Mr. Brown were fit to be continued their elder or not, to which, after fome weeks, they returned anfwer to this effect ; That if we would take the pains to prove fuch' things as were objected againft him, they would undertake to redrefs them. The congregation being much divided about their Elder, Dec. $ both -parties repaired to the Governor for affiftance, &c. where- npbn he went to Watertown with the Deputy Governor and Mr. Nowel, and the congregation being aiTembled, the Go- vernor told them, that being come to fettle peace, &c. they might proceed in three diftinct refpects. i As the magiftrates their affiftance being defired. 2. As members of a neighbour- ' ing congregation. 3. Upon the anfwer which we received of our letter, which did no way fatisfy us. But the Paftor, Mr. Phillips, defired us to fet with them as members of a neigh- bouring cqngregation only, whereto the Governor, &c. con- fented. Then the one fide which had firft complained, wer noticed to exhibit their grievances ; which they did to this ef- fect. That they could not communicate with their elder, be- ing guilty of errors, both in judgment and converfation ; af- ter much debate of thefe things, at length they were recoti- , died, and agreed to feek God in a day of humiliation, and t have a. folemn writing, each party promifmg to reform has GOVERNOR WINTHROP's has been amifs, &c. and the pallor gave thanks to God, an the affembly broke up. The Governor and Tome company with him went up by Charles River, about eight miles above Watertown, and na- med the firft brook, on the North fide of the river (being a fair flream and coming from a pond a mile from the river) Beaver Brook, becaufe the beavers had morn down divers great trees there, and made divers dams acrofs the brook. Thence they went to a great rock upon which flood a high {lone cleft afun- der, that four men might go thro, which they called Adam's chair, becaufe the youngeft of their company was Adam Win- throp. Thence they came to another brook, greater than the former, which they called Mailer's Brook, becaufe the eldeftof their company was one John Mailers. Thence they came to another high pointed rock, having a fair afcent on the Weft iide, which they called Mount. Feake from one Robert Feake, who had married the Governor's daughter in law. On the Weft fide of Mount Feake they went by a very high rock from whence they might fee all over Whipcutt, and a very high hill due Weft about 40 miles off, and to the N. W. the high hills Feb. 7. by Merrimack above 60 miles off. The Governor, Mr. Nowell, Mr. Eliot and others, went over Miftick river at Meadford, and going N. and by E. a- mong the rocks about 2 or 3 miles, they came to a very great pond, having in the middle an Iflandof about one acre, and very thick with trees of pine and birch ; and the pond had divers fmall rocks, Handing up here and there in it, which they there- fore called Spot Pond. They went all about it upon the ice. From hence towards the N. W. about 1-2 a mile, they came to the top of a very h'gh rock, beneath which towards the N. lies a goodly plain, partly open land, and part woody, from whence there is a fair profpecl, but it being then clofe and rainy, they could fee but a fmall diilance. This place they called Cheefe Rock, becaufe when they went to eatfomewhat, they had only cheefe, the Governor's man forgetting, from hafte, to put up fome bread. 14. The Governor and fome other company went to view the country as far as Ncponcett, and returned that night. jy The Governor and affiftants called before them at Boon. divers of Watertown ; the paftors and elder by letter, and the others by warrant. The occafion was for that a warrant being fent to Watertown for levying of 81. part of a rate of 6ol. or- dered for the fortifying the new town ; the pallor and elder &c. afTembled the people and deliver'd their opinions, that it was not fafe to pay money after that fort, for fear of bringing themfelv? r J O U R K A" JL 35 ihemfetves int6 bondage, being come before the governor arid 1632. council, after much debate they acknowledged their fault con- felling freely that they were in an error, and made a retradion and lubraiffion under their hands, and were injoyned to read it in the aflembly the next Lords day. The ground of their error was, for that they took this government to be no other but as of a mayor and aldertnen, who have not power to make laws or raife taxations without the people; but underftand- ing that this government was rather in the nature of a Parlia- ment, and that no affiftant could be chofen but by the free- men, who had power likewife to remove the affiftants and put in others, and therefore at every general court (which was to be holden once every year) they had free liberty to consider and propound any thing concerning the fame, and to declare their grievances without being fubject to quei&on, &'c. they were fully fatisfied, and fo their fubmiflioa was accepted, and their offence pardoned. The firft court after winter ; it was ordered, that the courts March (which before were every three weeks) mould now be held the fir ft Tuefday in every month. Gommiffioners appointed to fet out the bounds of the towns. The bark Warwick, arrived atNatafcott, having been at Pif- 14 cataqua, and at Salem to fell corn which (he brought from Vir- ginia. At her coming into Natafcott, with a S. E. wind me was in great danger > by a fudden guft; to be eaft away upon the rocks> 1 9th; She came to Winyfemettt Mr. Maverick one of the Minifters of Dorchefter-j in drying a little powder, which took fire by the heat of the fire pan, fi- red a fmall barrel of 2 or 3 Ib. yet did no other harm but finged his clothes. It was in the new meeting-houfe, which was thatched^ and the thatch only blacked a little. At a court at Bofton, the deputy Mr. Dudley* went away be- -April fore the court was endedj and then the fecretary delivered the Governor a letter from him directed to the Governor and afiift- ants, wherein he declared a r.efignation of his deputyfhip and place of affiftant, but it was not allowed. At this court an aft was made expreffing the Governors power, and the office of Se- cretary and Treamrer, &c. The bark Warwick, and Mr. Maverick's pirinace went out 9 towards Virginia. The Governor received letters from Plymouth fignifying 12 that there had been a broil between their men at Sowamfet and the Naraganfet Indians, who fet upon the Engliih houfe there, to have taken Owiamequin the Sagamore of Packanofcott, \Vho was fled thither with all the peopk for refuge ; and that Capt t E Scandiih 34 GOVERNOR WXNTHROP's 1632. Standifh being gone thither to relieve the three Englifh which -NN-yM i> were in the houfe, Tent home in all hafte for more men and o- ther provifions, upon intelligence that Canonicus, with a great army was coming againft them ; withal th?y wrote to our Go- vernor for fome powder, to be fent with all poffible fpeed (for itfeemed they were unfurnimed). Upon this the Governor prefently difpatched away the meffenger with fo much powder l6 as he could carry, viz. 27lb. The meflenger returned and brought a letter from the Governor, fignifying that the Indi- ans were retired fromSowamfett to fight with the Pequins, which was probable, becaufe John Sagamore and Chickatabott wece gone with all their men to Canonicus who had fent for them. A wear was creeled by Watertown men, upon Charles- Rir- cr three miles above the town, where they took great ftore of lhad. May i. The Governor and affiftants met at Bofton to coniider of the Duputy his deferring his place. The points difcufed were two. The firft, upon what grounds he did it. 2d. whether it were good or void. For the ift. his main reafon was for public peace, for he muft needs difcharge his confcience in fpeaking freely, and he faw that bred disturbance. For the 2d. it was maintained by all that he could not to leave his place, except by the fame power which put him in ; yet he could not be put from his contrary opinion, nor would beperfuaded to continue till the general court, which was to be the 8th of this month. Another queftion fell out with him about fome bargains he had made with fome poor men, members of the fame congre- gation, to whom he had fold 7 bulhels and an half of corn to receive ten for it after harveft, which the Governor and fome others held to be oppreffive ufury, and within the compafs of the ftatute, but he perfifted to maintain it to be lawful, and there arofe hot words about it, he telling the Governor that if he had thought he had fent for him to his houfe to give him fuch ufage he would not have come there, and that herrever knew a- nyman of underftanding, of other opinion, and that if the Go- vernor thought otherwise of it, it was his weaknefs. The Go- vernor took notice of thefe Ipeeches and bore them with more patience than he had done upon a like occafion at another time. Upon this there arofe another queftion about his houfe. The Governor having freely told him that he did not well to beftow fo much coft about wainfcoting and adorning his houfe in the beginning of a plantation, both in regard of the necefTi- ty of public charges, and for example. His anfvver now was, that it was for the warmth of his houfe, and the charge was lit- tle, being but clapboards nailed to the walls in form of wain- feat. JOURNAL. 35 fcot. Thefe and other fpeeches patted before dinner. After 1632. dinner the Governor told him that he had heard that the peo- *_ - w - _j* pie intended at the next general court todefire that the aflift- ants might be chofen anew every year, and that the Governor might be chofen by the whole court and not by the affiftants only. Upon this Mr. Ludlow grew into paflion, and faid that then we mould have no government, but there would be an interim wherein every man might do what he pleafeci. This was anfwered and cleared in the judgment of the reft of the afr fiftants, but he continued ftiff in his opinion, and protefted he would then return back into England. Another qucftion fell oat, which was this. Mr. Clark of A Dutch Watertown had complained to the Governor, that Captain (hip Patrick being removed out of their town to Newtown, did com- brought pel them to watch nearNewtown,and defiredtheGovernoi t'-.at from Vir- they might have the ordering within their own town. The ginia, Governor anfwered him, that the ordering of the watch did 2006 bu- proporly belong to the conftable, but in thofe towns where fhels of the Captains dwelt, they had thought fit to leave it to them, corn, and fince Captain Patrick was removed, the conftable might which was take care of it, but advifed him withal to acquaint the deputy fold at 43. with it, and at the court it mould be ordered. Clark went 6d. the right home and told the Captain that the Governor had order- bumel. ed that the conftable mould fet the watch, (which was falfe) but the Captain anfwered fomewhat rafhly, and like a ioldier, which being certified to the Governor by three witneffes, he fent a warrant to the conftable to this effecl:;< -that whereas fome difficulty was fallen out, &c. about -thfe v^atch, &c. he fhould according to his office, fee due watefg'fhould be kept till the court had taken order in it. Thid'itf .ch difpleafed the Captain, who came to this meeting to have it redrefTed. The Governor told the reft what he had done, and opon what ground, whereupon they refufed to do any thing in it till the court. While they were thus fitting together, an Indian brings a letter from Captain Standifh then at Swanfett, to this effect, that the Dutchmen (which lay for trading at Anyganfett or Naraganfett) had lately informed him that many Pequins (who were profefled enemies to the Naraganfetts) , had been there divers days and advifed us to be watchful, &c. giving other reafons, &c. Thus the day was fpent and no good done, which was the more uncomfortable to moft of them, becaufe they had recommended this meeting to God in more earneft manner than ordinary at other meetings* A 3$ GOVERNOR WINTHR OP "s 1632. A general court at Bcfton. -Whereas it was at our nificom- VIH v - . > ing, agreed that the freemen fhould choofe the afliftants ^and May 8 they the Governor. The whole court agreed now, that the Governor and affiftants fhould all be new chofen every year by the general court (the Governor, to be always chofen out of the afiiftants) and accordingly the old Governor John Winthrop was chofen, accordingly all the reft as before, and Mr. Hum- phry and Mr. Coddington, becaufe they were daily expe$> ed. The Deputy Governor Thomas Dudley Efq. having fub- jnited the validity of his refignation to the vote of the court, it was adjudged a nullity, and he accepted of his place again, and the Governor and he being reconciled the day before, all things were carried very lovingly amongft all, and the people Carried themfelves with much filence and jnodefty. John Winthrop the Governor's fon was chofen an affiftant. A propofition was made by the people that every company of train-men might choofe their own Captain and officers, but the Governor giving them reaions to the contrary, they were fatisfied with it. Every town may choofe two men to be at the next court toad- vife w;th theGovernoranxl afliftauts about the raifing of a public jftock, fo as what they mould agree upon mould bind all &c. The Governor among other things ufed this fpeech to the peo- ple after he had taken his oath,-r-That he had received gratu- ities from divers towns, which he received with much comfort and content ; -he had ajfo received many kindneiTes from par- ticular perfons v^liieh-Jie would not refufe, leaft he mould be accounted uncqsrtfQous &c. but he cxpreffed that he received them with a trenp^jtng 'heart, in regard of God's rule, and the confcioufnefs ofhis own inconformity, and therefore defired them that hereafter they worald not take it ill if" he did refufe prefents.from particular perions, except they were from the aflift- ants, or from fpecial friends, &c. to which no anfwer was made, but he was told after, that many good people were much griev- ed at it, for that he never had any allowance towards the (barge ofhis place. ?^ The fortification upon the (p orn Hill at Bofton was begun. 23 Charleftown men came arid wrought upon the fortification, Rcxbury the next, and Dorchefter the next. $6 The Whale arrived with Mr. Wilfon, Mr. Drummer and about 30 paflengers all in health, and of 70 cows loft but 2. She cam<5 from Hampton, April th. Mr. Greaves was Matter. June?; The William and Francis, Mr. Thomas, Mailer, with about 60 paii'engers, whereof Mr. Wilde and old Mr. Batche- lor JOURNAL. 37 lor, being aged 7 fc, were with their families, and many other 1632. honeft men. Alfo the Charles of Barnftable, with near 80 cows and 6 mares, Mr. Hatherly the merchant, and about 20 palfengers, all fafe, and in health. They fct fail, viz. the William and Francis/rom London, March the 9th. and the Charles from Portfmouth April loth, and met near Cape Anne. Mr. Winilow of PJimouth came in the William and Francis. The James Mr. Grant mafter, arrived, her paffage was 8 iz weeks fr< m London. He brought 60 heifers and loft 40, and brought twelve paflengers. A day of thankfgiving in all the plantations by public autho- 13 rity, for the good fucceis of the King of Sweeden and protef- tants in Germany, agmnft the Emperor, and for the fafe arri- val of all the mips, they having not loft one perfon, nor one fick among them. The French came in a pinnace to Penobfcott and rifled a trucking houfe belonging to Plimouth, carrying thence 300 weight of beaver and other goods. One Abraham Sheert of Penaquid, and one Captain Wright and others coming to Pifcataquack, being bound for this Bay in a mallop with zool. worth of commodities, one of the fea- jnen going to light a pipe of tobacco, fet fire on a barrel of powder which tore the bark in pieces, that man was never feen, the reft were all faved, but the goods loft. A mallop of one Henry Waye of Dorchefter having been miffing all the winter, it was found that the men in her (being five) were all killed treacheroufly by th3 eaftern Indians. Ano" ther mallop of his being fent out to feek out the other, was caft away at Aquawaticus, and two of the men drowned. A fiming ihallop at Jfleof fhoals was overfet. One Noddle an honeft inan of Salem, running wood in a canoe, in the South Paver was overturned and drowned. The man that was blown away with the powder, in the boat at Pifcataq, was after found with his hands and feet torn off. This fellow being wjftied by another to forbear to take any to- bacco, till they came to the more, which was hard by, an- fwered that if the Devil mould carry him away quick, he would take one pipe ; fome in the boat were fo drunk and faft aileep, as they did not awake with the noife. At a training atWatertown, a man of John Alden's, hav- July, ing amufketwhich had been long charged with piftol bullets, and knowing of it, gave fire, and mot three men, two into their bodies and one into his hand, but it was fo far off, as the fhott entered the &in and ftayed there, and they all recovered. The I GOVERNORWINTHROP's 1632. The congregation of Bofton wrote to the elders and brethren of the churches of Plimouth, Salem, &c. for their advice in three queilions. i. Whether one perfon might be a civil ma- giftrate and a ruling elder at the fame time ? 2. If not, then what fhould be beft done ? 3. Whether there might be divers paftors in the fame church. The i was agreed by all nega- tively ; the 2 doabtful, the 3. doubtful alfo. The ftrife in Watertown congregation continued (till, but at length they gave the feparatifts a day to come in, or all to be proceeded againft. 5. At the day they all came in and fubmitted, except John Mafters, who, tho he was advifed by divers minifters and others, that he haa offended in turning hfs back upon the facrament, and departing out of the af- fembly, &c. becaufe he had then admitted a member whom he judged unfit, &c. He perfifted, fo the congregation (be- ing loth to proceed againft him) , gave him a further day, at which time, he continuing obftinate, they excommunicated him, but about a fortnight after he fubmitted himfelf and was received in again. At Watertown there was, in the view of divers witnefTes, a great combat between a moufe and a fnake, and after a long fight the moufe prevailed and killed the fnake. The minifter of Bofton, Mr. Wilfon, a very fmcere holy man, hearing of it, gave this interpretation : That the fnake was the devil, the moufe was a poor contemptible people which God had brought Kither, which mould over-come fatan here, and difpoflefs him of his kingdom. Upon the fame occafion he told the Govern- or, that before he was refolved to come into the country, he dreamed he was here, and that he faw a church arife out of the earth, which grew up and became a marvellous goodly church. After many importunings and days of humiliation by thofe of Bofton and Roxbury, to feek the Lord for Mr. Wilde his difpofing, and the advice of thofe of Plimouth being taken, &c. at length he refolved to fit down with them of Roxbury. The deputy, Mr. Thomas Dudley being ftill difcontented tyith the Governor, partly for that the Governor had removed the frame of his hoafe which he had fet' up at Newtown, and partly for that he took too much authority upon him (as he con- ceived) renewed his complaints to Mr. Wilfon and Mr. Wilde, who acquainting the Governor therewith, a meeting was a- greed upon at Charleftown, where were prefent, the Governor and deputy, Mr. Noell, Mr. Wilfon, Mr. Wilde, Mr. Mave- rick, and Mr. Warham. The conferrence being begun with calling upon the Lord, the deputy begun, that however he had feme public grievances, yet feeing he was advifed by thofe prefent JOURNAL. prefent, and divers of the affiftants, t be filent in them, he 1632 would let them pafs, and fo come firft to complain of the breach of promife, both in the Governor and others, in not building at Newtown. The Governor anfwered that he had performed the words of the promife, for he had a houfe up, and feven or eight fervants abiding in it by the day appointed ; and for the removing of his houfe he alledged, that feeing that the reft of the affiftants went not about to build, and that his neighbours of Boflon had been difcouraged from a moving thither by Mr, Deputy himfelf, and thereupon had, under all their hands, petitioned him ; according to the promife he had made to them when they firft fat down with him atBofton, (viz) that he would not remove except they went with him, he would not leave them: which was the occafion that he removed his houfe. Upon thcfe and other fpeeches to this purpofe, the minifters went apart for one hour, then returning, they delivered their opinion, that the Governor was in fault for removing his houfe fo fud- denly without confering with the deputy and the reft of the af- fiftants ; but if the deputy were the occafion of difcouraging Bofton-men from removing, it would excufe the Governor a quanta but not a tanto. 1 he Governor profeffing himfelf wil- ling to fubmit his opinion to the judgment of fo many wife and Godly friends, acknowledged himfelf faulty. After dinner the deputy proceeded in his complaint, yet with this protef- tation, that what he fhould charge the Governor with, was m love, and out of his care of the public, and that the things he fhould produce were but for his own fatisfa&ion, and not by way of accufation. Then he demanded of him the ground and limits of his authority, whether by the patent or otherwife ? The Governor anfwered, that he was willing to ftand to that which he propounded, and would challenge no greater autho- rity than he might by the patent. The deputy replied, that then he had no more authority than every affiftant (except power to call courts and proceedings for honor and order). The Governor anfwered he had more, for the patent making him a Governor, gave him whatfoever power belonged to a Governor by common law or the ftatutes, and deiired him to fhew wherein he had exceeded, $cc. Speaking this fomewhat apprehenfively, the deputy began to be in a pafTion, and told the Governor that if he was fo round, he would be round too. The Governor bad him be round if he would, fo the deputy rofe up in great paifion and fury, and the Governor grew very hot alfo, foas they both fell into bitternefs, but by mediation of the mediators they were both foon pacified ; then the depu- ty proceeded to particulars, asfolloweth ; ift. By what amh(?- ritv 46 GOVERNOR wiNTHttop*s 1632. rity the Governor removed the ordinance and ereled a fort at \- y. ; Bofton? The Governor anfwered, that the ordinance lying upon the beach in danger of fpoiling, and having often com- Auguft. plained of it in the court, and nothing done, with the help of clivers of the affiftants, they were mounted upon their carnages and removed where they might be of fome ufe : and for the fort, it had been agreed above a year before, that it fhould be erefted there, and all this was done without any penny charge to the public, ad. By what authority he lent 281b. powder to thofe of Plitnouth ? Governor's anfwer. --^It was of - his own powder, and upon their urgent diftrefs, their own powder proving naught when they were to fend to the reft of their men at Sowamiett. 3d. By what authority he had li- > cenfed Edward Johnfon to fet down at Merrimack ? Govern- or's anfwer. That he had licenfed him only to go forth on trading (as he had divers others) as belonging to his place. 4. By what authority he had given them at Watenowa leave to -ered a wear upon Charles-river, and had difpofed of lands to divers? Governor's anfwer. The people of Watertown fall- ing very fhort of corn the lail year, for want of fiih, did com- plain, and defired leave to eredl a wear, and upon this the * Governor told them, that he could riot give them leave, but they muft feek it of the court, but becaufe it would be long before the courts began again, and if they deferred till then, the feafon would be loft, wifhed themto do it, and there was no doubt, but being for To general a good, the court would allow of it, and for his part he would employ all his power in the court, fo as he mould fink under.it, if it were not allowed ; and befides, thofe of Roxbury had erefted a wear without any Hcenfe from the court : and for lands, he had not difpofed any, otherwife than the deputy and other of the affiftants had done, he had only given his confent, and refered them to the court t But the deputy had taken more upon him, in that, without order of the court, he had impaled at Newtown above 1000 acres, and had aiiigned lands to fome there. 5th. By what authority he had given licenfe to RatclilF and Grey, (being ba- niftied men) to ftay within our limirs ? Governor's anfwer. He did it by that authority which was granted him in court, viz. That upon any fentence in criminal caufes, the Governor might, upon caufe, ftay the execution till the next court,- now the caufe was, that being in the winter they muft otherwife have perimed. 6th. Why the fines were not levied ? Go- vernor's anfwer. It belonged to the fecretary and not to him, he never refilled to" fign any that were brought to him ; nay, he had called upon the fecretary for it ; yet he confeiTed that it was \ JOURNAL. / T t was his judgment, that it were not fit in the infancy of a Com- monwealth to be too ftricl: in levying fines, tho fevere in other punifhments. The deputy having made an end, the Governor defired the! mediators to con fider, whether he had exceeded his authority or net, and how little caufe the deputy had to charge him with it ; for if he had made fome (lips in two or three years government, he ought rather to have covered them, feeing he could not be charged that he had taken advantage of his au- thority to opprefs or wrong any man, or to benefit himfelf, but for want of a ftock had difburfed all common charges out of his own eftate, whereas the deputy would never lay out one pen- ny ; and bcfides that he could {hew him, under his hand, that would convince him of a greater exceeding his authority, than all that the deputy could charge him with, viz. That where- as Bink? and Johnfon were bound in open court, to appear at next court to account to &c. he had out of court, difcharged them of their appearance^ The deputy anfwered, that the party to whom they were to account, came to him and confef- fed that he was fatisfied, and that the parties were to go to Vir- ginia, fo he thought he might difcharge them. Though the Governor might juftly have refufed to anfwer thefe 7 articles wherewith the deputy had charged him, both for that he had no knowledge of them before (the meeting being only for the deputy his perfonal grievances) and alfo for that the Governor was, not to give account of his actions to any but the court, yet out of his defire of the public peace, and to clear his reputation with thofe to whom the deputy had accufed him, he was willing to give him fatisfa&ion, to the end he might free him from 'fuch jealofies as he had conceived that the Governor intended to make himfelf popular, that he might gain abfolute power, and bring all the aftiftants under his fubjedlton ; whkh was ve- ry improbable, (being the Governor had propounded in court tohave an order eftabliihed for limiting the Governor's autho- rity, and had himfelf drawn articles for that end which had been approved and eflablimed by the whole court ; neither could he juftly be charged to have tranfgreffed any of them, So the meeting breaking up without any other conclusion but the commending the fuccefs of it by prayer to the Lord ; the Go- vernor brought the deputy onward his way, and every man went to his own home. The Sachem who was joined with Canonieus t-ke great fach- Auu/l cm of Naraganfett called Mecumeh, after Miantonomoh, be- ing at Boflon where he had lodged two nights with his fquaw and about 12 fannops, being prefcnt at the formon, three of F bn 42 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's his fannops went in the meantime and broke into a neighbour- ing houfe, &c. complaint being made thereof to the Gover- nor, after evening exercife he told the fachem of it, and with fome difficulty, caufed him to make one of his fannops to beat them, and then fent them out of the town, but brought the fachem and the reft of the company to his houfe, and made much of them (as he had done before) which they feemed to- be well pleafed with, but that evening he departed. At a court not long before, two of Chickatabotts men were convened and convictedfor affaulting fomeEngliih of Dorchelter in their houfes &c. They were put in the bilboes, and Chicka-- tabot required to beat them, which he did. x The congregation of Bofton and Charleftown begun the meeting houfe at Bofton, for which, and Mr. Wilfon's houfe they had made a voluntary contribution of about i zoL 34 Fair weather and fmall wind, and N. E. at Bofton, and at the fame time fuch a tempefl of wind a little without the bay, as no boat could bear fail, and one had her maiV torn by the board. So again when there hath a very tempeil at N. W. or W. in the bay, there hath been a ftark calm one league or two cif (hore. This furnmer was very wet and cold, except now and then a hot day or two, which caufed a great ftore of 'muf- ketoes and rattle-fnakes. The corn in dry fandy ground was mudi better than other years, but in the Hatter ground much worfe ; and in Boilon &c. much morn down clofe' by the ground with worms. The windmill was brought down to Bof- ton, becaufewhen it ftood near Watertown it would not grind but with a \veilerly wind. Mr. Pelham had a fmall houfe near the wear at Watertown, made all of clapboards, burnt down by making a fire in it when it had no chimney. This wee* they harveded in barley and oats at Sagus above 20 acres good corn, andflrove with the plough. Great ilore of eels and lobfters in the bay ; two or three boy* have brought in a bu-fliel of great eels at a time, and 60 great lobfters. The Braintree company which had began to fit down at Mount Woolafton by order of court, removed to Ncwtown. Thefe were Mr. Hooker's company. 2O The Governor's wife was delivered of a fon who was baptiz- ed by the name of William, the Governor himfelf held the child to baptize, as others in the congregation did ufe. Wil- liam fignifies a common man. 30 Notice being given often Sagamores and many Indians af- fembled at Muddy River, the Governor fent Capt. C - wills JOURNAL. 43 with 20 mufketeers to difcqver, &c. butatRoxbury they heard they were broke up. One Hopkins of Watertown was convicted for felling a piece and piftol with powder and mot to fames Sagamore, for which he had i~ntence to be whipped and branded on the check. It was difcovered by an India? one of James's men, upon pro- mife of concealing him, for otherwife he was fare to be killed. The minifters afterward, for an end of the difference be- tween the Governor and deputy, ordered that the Governor fhould procure them a miaUler at Newtown, and contribute fome towards his maintenance for a time, or if he could not by the fpring effect that, then to give the deputy towards his charges in building there 20!. The Governor accepted this or- der, and promifed to perform it in one of the kinds. But the deputy having received one part of the order, returned the fame to the governor, wkh his reafon to Mr. Wilfon, that he was fo well perfuaded of the Governor's love to him and did prize it fo much, as if he had given him lool. inftead of 20!. he would not have taken it. Notwithftandlng the heat, of con- tention which had been between the governornor and deputy, yet. they peaceably met about their affairs, and that without a- ny appearance of any breach or diicoritent, and ever after kept peace and good corrcfpondency together in love and friendfhip. One Jenkins late an inhabitant at Dorchefter, and now re- moved to Cape Porpus, went with an Indian up into the coun- try with flore of goods to truck, and being a fleep in a wig- wam with one of Pafaconnmy's men, was killed in the night by an Indian, dwelling near the Mohawk country^ who made away with his goods, but was fetched back by ParTaconamy's company. There was much fufpicion that the Indians had fome plot againft the Engliih, both for that many Naraganfett men, &c. gathered together, who, with thofe pf thefe parts pretended to make war upon the Mipfett men, and divers in- iblent fpeeches were ufed by fome of them, and they did not frequent our hpufes as they were wont, and one of their pawa- wes told us that there was a confpiracy to cut us off to get our victuals and other fubftance. Upon this there was a camp pitched at Bofton in the night, to exercife the foldiers againft need might be ; and Captain Underbill, to try how they would behave themfelves, caufed an alarm to be, given upon the quarters, which difcovered the weaknefs of our people, who like men amazed, knew not how to behave themfelves, fo as the officers could not draw them into any order. All the reft of the plantations took the alarm and anfvvered it, but it caufed much 44 GOVERNOR WINTHROF's 1632. much fear and diftraftion among the common fort, fo as fome which knew of it before, yet through fear had forgotten, and bfJieved the Indians had been upon us. We doubled our guards and watched each day and night. 14 The rumour Hill increafing, the three next fagamores were fent for, who came prefently to the 'Governor, 1 6 Being the Lord's day, in the evening Mr. Pierce, in the fhip I. yon, arrived, and came to an anchor before Eoilon. He brought 123 paffengers, whereof 50 children, all in health and left not one perfon by the way, fave his carpenter, who fell o- verboard as he was caulking a port. They had been twelve weeks aboard, and eight weeks from the lands end. He had 5 days E. wind and thick fog, fo as he was forced to come all that time by his lead, and the firft land he made was Cape Anne. 22 The Barnftable fhip, went out at Helens point to Marble Harbour. 27 A day of thankfgiving at Bofton for the good news of the profperous fucceffion of the King of Sweeden, &c. and for theiafe arrival of the laft Ihip and all the patfengers. Oct. j8. Captain Camock and one Mr. Godfry, a merchant came from Pifcataquack in Captain Neale his pinnace, and brought 16 hogflieads of corn to the mill. They went away Novem- ber, 25 The Governor with Mr. Wilfon, pallor of Bofton, and the two Captains, &c. went aboard the Lyon, and from thence Mr. Pierce carried them in his (hallop to Maflagafcus. The next morning Mr. Pierce returned to his {hip, and the Governor and his company went on foot to Plimouth, and. came thither within the evening. 7 he Governor of Plimouth, Mr. Willi- am Bradford (a very difcreet grave man) with Mr. Brewfler the Elder, and fome others, came forth and met them without i!he town, and conducted them to the Governor's houfe, where hey were kindly entertained, and feafted every day at feveral houfes. On the Lord's day was a facrament which they xlid partake in ; and in the "afternoon Mr. Roger Williatns (ac- cording to their caftom) propounded a queftion, to which the paftor, Mr. Smith fpake briefly, then Mr. Williams prophe- iied, and after the Governor of Plimouth fpake to the quefti- on : after him the elder, then fome two or three more of the congregation. Then the elder defired the Governor of Maf- fachufetts and Mr. Wilfon to fpeak to it, which they did. When this was ended, the deacon, Mr. Fuller, put the con- gregation in mind of their duty of contribution, upon which the JOURNAL. 45 the Governor and all the reft went down to the deacon's feat 1632. and put into the bag, and then returned. ( The wind N. W. Mr. Pierce fet fail for Virginia. Being Wednefday, about 5 in the morning, the Governor and his company came out of Plimouth ; the Governor of Pli- mouth with the pallor and elder, &c. accompanying them near half a mile out of town in the dark. The Lieutenant Holmes with two others and the Governor's man, came along with them to the great fwamp about 10 miles. When they came to the great river they were carried over by one Laddham their ' guide (as they had been when they came) the llream being very ftrong and up to the crotch, fo the Governor called that paiTage Luddham's ford. Then they came to a place called Hue's crofs, the Governor being difpleafed at the name, ia refpccl: that fuch things might hereafter give the papifts occa- fion to fay that their religion was firft planted in thefe parts, changed the name, and called it Hue's folly: fo they came that evening to MafTagafcus where they were bountifully en- tertained, as before with ftore of turkies, geefe, ducks, &c. and the next day came fafe to Bofton. About this time Mr. Dudley his houfe at Watertown was prcferved from burning down, and all his family from being diftroyed by gun-powder, by a marvellous deliverance : The hearth of the hall chimney burning all night upon a principal and {lore of powder being near, and not difcovered till they arofein the morning, and then it began to flame out. Mr. Jo. Eliot, a member of Bofton congregation, and one whom the company intended prefently to call to the office of teacher, was called to be a teacher to the company at Roxbury, and tho Bofton laboured all they could, both with the congre- gation of Roxbury and with Mr. Eliot himfelf, alledging their want of him, and the covenant between them &c. yet he could Nor 5, not be diverted from accepting the call of Roxbury, fo he was difmifled. About a fortnight before this, thofe of Charlef- town, who had formerly been joined to Bofton congregation ; now in regard of the difficulty of paflage in the winter, and having opportunity of a paftor,, one Mr, James who came o- ver at this time, were difmiffed from the congregation of Bof- ton. The congregation of Watertown difcharged their elder, Richard Brown, of his office for his unfitnefs in regard of his pafiion and diftemper in fpeech, having been often admonifh- cd and declared his repentance for it. The Governor received a letter from Capt. Neale, that D. M Bull and 1 5 more of the Englifh who kept about the eaft, were turned pirates and had taken divers boats, and rifled Penna- quid 46 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1632. quid, &c. Hereupon the Governor called a council, and it l. y .> was agreed to fend his bark with 20 men, to join with thofe of Pifcataquack for the taking of the faid pirates. Nov. 23, A faft was held by the congregation of pofton and Mr. Wilfon (formerly their teacher) , was chofen paftor, and i Oliver a ruling elder, and both were ordained by impofition of hands, firft by the teacher, and then two deacons (in the name of the congregation) upon the elder, and then by the 'elder and the deacons upon the pallor. Dec. 4. At a meeting of ail the afliftants, it was agreed, in regard that the extremity of the feafon and froft had hindered the ma- king ready of the bark, and that they had certain intelligence that thofe of Pifcataq. had fent out two pinnaces and two fhal- lops above a fortnight before, to defer any further expedition againft the pirates till -they heard what was done by thofe ; and for that end it was agreed to fend prefently a fhallop to 5 Pifcataq. to learn news, &c. Accordingly the Governor dif- patched away Jo. Gallopp with his fhallop, the wind being very great at S. W. he could ^each no farther than Cape Anne harbour that night, and the wind blowing Northerly he was kept there fo long that it was Jan. the 2d, before he returned. By letters from Capt. Neale, and Mr. Hilton, &c. it was cer- tified that they had fent out all the forces they could make a- gainfl the pirates, viz. four pinnaces and fhallops, and about 40 men, who coming to Pemaquid, were there wind bound a- bout 3 weeks. It was further advertifed by -fome that came from Penobfcott, that the pirates had loft one of their chief men by a muiket fhot from Pemaquid, and that there remained but 15, whereof four or five were detained againft their wills, a,nd that they had been at fome Englifh plantations, and taken nothing from them but what they paid for, and that they had given another pinnace in exchance for that of Mr. Maverick, and as much beaver and otter as ifwas vvorih more, &c. and that they had made a law againft exceffive drinking, and that, their order was, at fuch times as other mips ufe to have pray- er, they would afTemble upon the deck, -and one fmg a fcng or fpeak a few fenfelefs fentences, &c. They alio fent a writing directed to all the Governors, fignifying their intent not to do harm to any more of their countrymen, but to goto the fouthward and advife them not to fend againft them, for they were refolved to ftrike themfelves raiher than be taken : Signed underneath fortune le garde, and no more to it. 1633 Mr. Oliver a right godly man and elder of the church of Jan, 9, Bofton, having three or four of his fons, all very young, cut- ting down wood upon the rocks, one of them. > being about J O U R N A L. 47 15 years old, had his brains beaten out with the fall of a tree which he had felled. The good old father having the news of it in as fearful a manner as might be, by another boy his bro- ther, called his wife (being alfo a Very godly woman) and went to prayer ; and boi'e it with much patience and honor. The Governor having intelligence from the 'Halt, that the 17 French had bought the' Scottish plantation neai" Cape Sable, and that the fort and all the ammunition were delivered to them, and that the Cardiriall having the. managing thereof, had fent fom'e companies already, and preparations was made to fend many more the next year, and divers priefts and Jefuits among them, called the affiftants to Bofton, and the minifters and captains and fome other chiefmen, to,advife what was fit to be done for our fafety, in the regard the French were like to prove ill neighbours (being papifts) at which meeting it was agreed, that a plantation and a fort ihould forthwith be begun at Natafcott, partly to be ftone block in an cnemie's way, tho it could not bar their entrance, and efpeci- ally to prevent an enemy from taking that parTage from us, and alfb that the fort begun at Bofton mould be finifhed. Alfo that a plantation mould be begun at Agawam (being the belt place in the land for tillage and cattle) leil an enemy finding it void, fhculd polTefs and take it from us. The Governor's fon (being one of the affiftants) was to undertake this, and to take no more out of the bay than twelve men, the reft to be fuppliedat the coming of the next ihips. A maid fervant of Mr. Skelton of Sajem, going towards Sagus was loft feven days, and at length came home to Salem. All that .time J(he was in the woods, having no kind of food, thefaovv being very deep, and as cold as at any time that winter. She was fo frozen into the fnow fome morning* as fhe was one hour before {he could get up, yet me foon re- ' covered and did well through the Lord's wonderful provi- ' d'ence. About the beginning of this month of January, thepinnacet which went after the pirates returned ; the cold being fo great as they could not purfue them, but in their return they hang- ed up at Richman's-ifle and Indian, one Black Will, one of thofe who had there murdered Walter Bagnall. Three of the pirates company ran from them and came home. Mr. Edward Winflow chofen Governor of Plimouth, Mr. 21 Bradford having been governor about ten years, and now by importunity got off. Feb. 2\ The Governor and four of the affiftants, with three of the minifters and others, about 26 in all, went in three boats to view 48 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1633. view Natafcott, the wind W. fair weather, but the wind arof* * -v ' at N. W. fo ilrong, and extreme cold that they were kept there February, two nights, being forced to lodge upon the ground in an open cottage upon a little old ftraw, which they pulled from the thatch. Their victuals alfo grew fhort, fo as they were forced to eat muflcles ; yet they were wry merry and came all fafe home the 3d day after, thro the Lord's fpecial providence, Ujpon view of the place it was agreed by all, that to build a fort there, would be of too great charge, and of little ufe, whereupon the planting of that place was deferred. 22 Or thereabouts, the {hip William Mr. Trevere, mafter, ar- rived at Plimouth with fome paffengers and goods for the Maf- fachufetts Bay, but fhe came tofet up a fifhing at Scituate, and fo to go to trade at Hudfon's river. By this ihip we had intel- ligence from our friends in England, that Sir Ferdinand Georges and Capt. Mafon, upon the inftigation of Sir Chrifto- pher Gardiner, Morton and Ratcliff, had preferred a petition to the Lords of the Privy Council, againft us, charging us with many falfe accufations, but thro the Lord's good providence, and the care of our friends in England, efpecially Mr. Down- ing, who had married the Governors fitter, and the good tef- timony given on our behalf by one Capt. Wiggin, who dwelt at Pifcat. ,and had been divers times among us, their malici- ous practice took not effect. The principal matter they had againft us, was the letters of fome indifcreet perfons among us, who had written againft the church government, &c, which had been intercepted by occafion of the death of Capt. Levett, who carried them and died at fea. 26 Two little girls of the Governor's family were fitting under a great heap of logs, plucking of birds, and the wind driving the feathers into the houfe, the Governor's wife caufed them to remove away ; they were no fooner gone, but the whole heap of logs fell down in the place, and had cruflied them to death, if the Lord, in his fpecial providence, had not delivered them. March The Governor's fon Jo. Winthrop went with twelve men to Kegin a plantation at Agawam, after called Ipfwich. One John Edye a Godly man of Watertovvn congregation, fell diftracled, and getting out one evening, could not be found, but eight days after, he came again of himfelf. He had kept his ftrength and colour, yet had eaten nothing (as muft needs be conceived) all that time. He recovered hig underftanding again in good meafure, and lived very order- ly, but would now and then be a little diftempcred. April 10. There arrived Mr. Hodges one of Mr. Pierce his Mate. He came from Virginia in a fhollop, and brought news that Mr- , X O U R N A L* . Mr. Pierce his (hip was caft away upon a fhoal four miles fro;n Feake Ifle, ten leagues to the N* of the mouth of Virginia bay, November zd. about one in the morning, the wind S. W . thro the negligence of one of his mates who had the watch and kept not his lead as he was appointed. They had a ifhallop and their (hip's boat aboard. All that went into the mallop came fafe on more, but the (hip's boat was. funk by' the (hip's iide and men drowned in her, and ten of them were taken up alive into the (hallop. There were in the (hip 28 feamcn and 10 paffengers, of thole were drowned 7 feamen and 5 paf- fengers, and all the goods were loft except one hogfhead of beaver, and mod of the letters were faved, and fome other fmall things which were driven on more the next day when the .ihip was broken in- pieces. They were 9 days in much diftrefs before they found any Englilh. PlimQuthmen loll four* Hhdsw * j poo, of beaver and 200 otter (kins. The Governor of Madachu- fetts loft in beaver and fifti which -he fent to Virginia, &c.'near lool. many others loii (kins, and! Mr. Humphry fim. The William and James Mr. Bradock matter arrived with May* . 30 pafTengers and ten cows, one mare ; (he'came in fix weeks ,from London. The Mary and James arrived* Mr, Rofe mafler, (he camp from London in feven weeks, and brought 196 pafTengers ^on- ly two children died). Mr. Coddington one of the afliftants., .and his wife, came. in her. In her return (he was call away upon T(le Sable, but men were faved. . By thefe mips we underftood that Sir Chriftopher Gardiner aud Thomas Morton and Philip Ratclilre (who had been punimeci here for their mif- demeanors) ha^ petitioned to the King aud Council againfl us> being fet on by Sir Ferdinand Gorges and Captain Mafon, who had began a plantation at Pjfcat. and aimed at the ge- neral government of N. England. for their agent here Captain Neale. 'The petitions was of many meets of paper and con- tained many falfe accufations (an$ among fome, truths mifre- preprefented) accusing us to intend* rebellion to have caft c'iF our allegiance, and to be wholly feparate from the church an-i laws of England. That oar minifters and people did conti- nually rail againfl the (late, church and biiliops there, &c. Upon which fuch of our company as were then in England (viz) Sir Richard Saltonftall, Mr. Humphry, and Mr. Cra- dock, were called before a committee of the council to whom they delivered in an anfwer in writing. Upon reading where- of, it pleafed the Lord, our gracious God and protestor, fo to work with the Lord's, and after with the King's majefty, when the whole matter was reported to him by Sir Thomas Fermin G - - GOVERNOR WINTHROP's one of the council (but not of the committe who had been pre*- fent at the three days of hearing, and fpake much in the com- mendation of the Governor both to the Lord's and after to his Majefty) that he faid he would have them feverely punimed who did abufe this government and the plantations, that the de- fendants were difmifTed with a favorable order, for their en- couragement being affured from fome of the council that his Majefty did not intend toimpofe the ceremonies of the church of England upon us ; for that it was confidered that it was the freedom from fuch things that made people come over to us ; and it was credibly informed to the council that this country would in time, be very beneficial to England for malls, cord- age, c. if the found mould be debarred. We fent forth a pinnace after the pirate Bull, but after me had been forth two months, me came home having not found him. After, we heard he was gone to the French. A Dutch pink arrived here which had been to the Southward a trading. June 2. Captain Stone arrived with a fmall fhip with cows and fome fait. The Governor of Plimouth fent Captain Standifh to pro- fecute againft him for piracy. The caufe was began at* the Dutch plantation, where a pinnace of PUmouth coming, and Captain Stone and the Dutch Governor having been drinking together, Capt Stone, upon pretence that thofe of Plimouth had reproached them of Virginia from whence he came (with the Governor's confent) feized upon their pinnace, and offer- ed to carry her away, but the Dutchmen wrefted her, and the next day the Governor and Captain Stone intreated the mafter of the pinnace (being one of the council of Plimouth) to pafs it by, which he promifed by a folemn inftrument under his hand ; yet upon his earneft profecution at court, we bound o- ver Captain Stone, with two fureties, to appear in the admi- ralty court in England. But after, thofe of Plimouth being perfuaded that it would turn to their reproach, and that it would be no piracy, with their confent, we withdrew the re- cog nizancy. Mr. Graves in the fhip Eliz. bonadventnre from Yarmouth, 15 arrived with 95 pafTengers, and 34 Dutch fheep, and two mares. They came from Yarmouth in fix weeks, loll not one perfon but above 40 fheep. , 19 A day of thankfgiving was kept in all the congregations for our delivery from the plots of our enemies, and for thefafc arrival of our friends, &c. July 2. At a court it was agreed, that the Governor, John Winthrop, mould have towards his charges this year, 150!. and the mo- ney which he had difburfed in public bufinefs, a officers wages, JOURNAL. 5l &c. being between two and three hundred pounds, ftiould be further paid. Mr. Edward Winflow, Governor of PHmouth, and Mr. Bradford came into the bay, and went away the i8th. They came partly to confer about joining in a trade to Connecticut, for beaver and hemp ; There was a motion to fet up a trading houfe there, to prevent theDutch who were about to build one, but in regard the place was not fit for plantation, there being three or four thousand warlike Indians, and the river not to be gone into but by fmall pinnaces, having a barr affording but fix feet at high water, and for that no veiTels can get in for 7 months in the year, partly by reafon of the ice, and then the violent ftream, &c. we thought not fit to meddle with it. A fliip arrived from Waymouth, with about eighty paflen- 24 gers and 1 2 kine, which fet down at Dorchefter ; they were 1 2 weeks coming, being forced into the Weftern Iflands by a leak, where they flayed three weeks, and were very courte- oufly ufed by the Portuguefe, but the extremity of the heat there, and the continual rain, brought ficknefs upon them, fb as died. Much ficknefs at Plimouth, and above twenty died of peftilent fevers. Mr. Graves returned and carried a freight of fifh from hence and Plimouth. By him the Gover- nor and afliftants fentananfwer to the petition of Sir Chriflo-v pher Gardiner, and withal a certificate from the old planters concerning the carriage of affairs, &c. Two men fervants to one Moodye, of Roxbury, returning in Augufl 6. a boat from the Windmill, (truck upon the oyfler bank. They went out to gather oyflers, and not making fail their boat when the flood came it floated away, and they were both drowned, altho they might have waded out on either fide, but it was an evident judgment of God upon them, for they were wicked Eerfons : One of them a little before being reproved for his ;wdnefs, and put in mind of hell, anfwered that if hell were ten times hotter, he had rather be there than he would ferve his mafter, &c. The occafion was becaufe he had bound him- felf for divers years, and faw that if he had been at liberty he might have had greater wages, tho otherwife his mafter ufed him very well. Mr. Graves returned, he carried between five and fix thou- fand weight of beaver, and about thirty paflengers. Captain Walter Neale of Pifcat. and fome eight of his company, went with him. He had been in the bajr about ten days and came not all this time to fee the Governor, being perfuaded by di- vers of his friends. His anfwer was, he was not well enter* tained the firft time he came thither, and befides he had fomf letters GOVERNOR WINTHROP's letters opened in the Bay Government ; except he were invited lie would not go fee him.. The i^th day he wrote to the Go- vernor, toexcufehis not coming to fee him, upon the fame reafons. The Governor returned him anfwer, that his enter- tainment was fuch as time and place could afford (being at their ilril coming, before they were houfed, c.) and retorted the difcourtefy upon him, in that he would thruft himfelf with fuch a company (he had five or fix gentlemen with him) upon a ilrangers entertainment at fuch an unfeafonable time, and hav- ing no need fo to do ; and for his letters he proterted his in- nocency, as he might well, for the letters were opened before they came into the bay, and fo concluded courteouily, yet witji pjain demonftration of his error. And indeed if he courteoufly fhould have invited him, Handing upon thefe terms, he had blemimed his reputation. There is mention made before of the anfwer, which was re- turned to Sir Chriftopher Gardiner his accufations, to which the Governor and all the affiflants fubfcribed, only the deputy refufed. Ke made three exceptions : ift. For that we termed the bifhops reverend bifhops, which was only in repeating the accufations made. 2d. For that we profefTed to believe all the articles of the gofpel faith according to the fcriptures and the common re- ceived tenets of all the churches of England. This he refuf- . ed, becaufe we differed from them in matter of discipline, and about the meaning of Chnlis defcent into hell, that the faith- , iul in England (whom we account the churches) expound it as we do, and not of a local defcent as fome of the bifhops do. 3d. For that 'we gave the King the title of facred Majefty, which IB the moft proper title of princes, and the word a mere <:ivil word and never applied in fcripture to any divine things, buty^^s ufed always. Mr. Knox called the In. of S by the fame tide ; yet by no reafons could he be drawn to yield to thefe things, akho they were allowed by divers of the mini- fters and the chief of Plimouth. There was great fcarcity of corn by reafon of the fpoil our hogs had made at harveft, and the great quantity they had eaten in the winter (there being no acorns) yet people lived well with fifh and the. fruit of their gardens. Sept. 4. The Griffin, a fhip of 300 tons arrived, having been eight weeks from the Dowries, me brought about 200 paffengers, having loft fome four. In this fhip came Mr. Cotton, Mr. Hooker and Mr. Stone, ininillers, and Mr. Haynes (a gentle- man of great eilate), Mr. GofFe and many other men of good ffcates. They got cut of England with much difiiculty, all places J O U R N 'A L. places being belaid to have taken Mr. Cotton and Hoo'ker, who had been long fought for to have been brought; into the High Corrimillion, but the mailer being bound to touch at the Wight, the purfuants attended there, and the mean time the faid miniilei-s were taken in at the Downes. Mr. Hooker and Mr. Stone went prefendy to Newtown, where they "were to be entertained, and Mr. Cotton flayed at Boilon.- One Sunday evening th^ Congregation met in their ordinary exercife, and Mr. Cotton being 'defired to fpeak to the queftion (which was of the church)he mewed out of the canticles 6. that fome churches were as queens, fome as concubines, fome as dam- fels and feme as doves, &c. he was then, with his wife pro- pounded to be admitted a member the Lord's day following ; he exercifed in the afternoon, and being to be admitted, he Signified his defire and readinefs to make his confeflion ac- cording to order, which he faid might be fufficient in decla- ring his faith about baptifm, which he then defired for his child born in their paffage, and therefore named Seaborn. He gave two re'afons why he did not baptife it at fea (not for want of frefh water, for he held, fea water would have ferved) . i . Eecaufe they had no fettled congregation there. 2. Becaufe a, minifler hath no power to give the Teals but in his own con- gregation. He defired his y/ire might alfo be admitted a member, and gave a modeft tellimony'of her, but withal re- quefted me might not be put to make open confefiion, 'c. which he faid was againft the Apoftles rule, and not fit for \vo- jnen's modeity, but that the elders miht examine her in pri- vate. So (he was afked if me did confent in the confeflion of faith made by her huiband, and if me did defire to be admit- ted, &c. whereto me anfwered affirmatively, and fo both were admitted,' and their child" ba'ptife'd", the father prefenting it, the child's baptifm. being, as he did then affirm in ahotner ' cafe, the fathers inflruclion for the help of his faith, &c. The faid 4th of September, came in alfo the (hip called the Eird, Mr. Yates, mailer, me brought -pafiengers, hav- ing loll , and cows, and four mares ; me had been twelve weeks at fea, being at her firil coming out, driven No- therly to 53. About ten days before this time a bark was fet forth to'Con- neclicut and thofe parts to trade. John Oldham. and three with him went over land to Con- neclicut to trade ; the Sachem ufed them kindly, and gave them fome beaver. They bought of him the hemp that grew there in great abundance, and is much better than the En- 4 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1633. glifh. He accounted it to be about 160 miles ;* he brought - Y ' foni e black lead, whereof the Indians told him there was a whole rock. He lodged at Indian towns all the way. Sept. Captain John Stone, of whom mention is made before, car- ried himfelf very diflblutely in drawing company to drink, &c. being found upon the bed in the night with one Barcroft's wife, he was brought before the Governor, &c. and tho it ap- peared he was in drink, and no acl to be proved, yet it was thoaght he fhould abide his trial, for which a warrant was fent out to Hay his pinnace which was ready to fet fail, whereup- on he went to Mr. Ludlow, one of the afiiftants, and ufed and threatning fpeeches againft him, for which he raifed fome company and apprehended him, and brought him to the Governor, who put him in irons, and kept a guard up. on him till the court, but his irons were taken off the fame day. At the court his indictment was framed for adultery, but found ignoramus by the grand jury ; but for his other mif- demeanors he was fined lool. which yet was not levied of him, and ordered upon pain of death to come here no more without licence of the court, and the woman was bound to her good behaviour. The Governor and council met at Bofton and called the 17 xninillers and elders of all the churches to confider about Mr. Cotton, his fitting down. He was defired to divers places, and thofe who came with him defired he might fit down where they might keep flore of cattle ; but it was agreed by full confent, that the fitteft place for him was Bofton, and in that refpecl thofe of Bofton might take farms in any part of the Bay not belonging to other towns, and that (keeping a lecturer) he mould have fome maintenance out of the treafury. But divers of the council, upon fecond thought, did after refufe this contribution. The bark Blefling which was fent to the Southward, return- 0. 2. ed, me had been at an Ifland over againft Connecticut, called Long-Jfland, becaufe it is near 50 leagues long, the Eaft part about 10 leagues from the main, but the Weft end not one mile, there they had ftore of the beft wampampeague both white and blue. The Indians there are very treacherous peo- ple ; they have many canoes fo great as one will carry 80 men. They were alfo in the river of Connecticut, which is barred at the entrance, fo as they could not find above one fathom wa- ter. They were alfo at the Dutch plantation upon Hudfon's river * From B oft on to Connecticut River, in a dirfft line, is not more than half tkat dijlemci* EDIT, JOURNAL. river (called New Netherlands) where they were very kindly 1633 entertained, and had fome beaver and other things for fuch - g , commodities as they put oiF. They ihewed the Governor (cal- Oct. led Gwalter Van T willy) their commiffion, which was to %- nify to them, that the King of England had granted the river and country of Connecticut to his own fubjects, and therefore delired them to forbear to build there. The Dutch Governor wrote back to our Governor (his letter was very courteous and refpectful as it had been to a very honorable perfon) whereby he fignified that the Lords the ftates had alfo granted the fame parts to the Weft India company, and therefore requefted that he would forbear the fame till the matter were decided between the King of England and the faid Lords. The faid bark did pafs and repafs over the fhoals of Cape Cod, about three or four leagues from Natucket Ifle, where the breaches are very terrible, yet they had three fathom water all over. The company of Plimouth fent a bark to Connecticut at this time to erect a trading houfe there ; when they came they found the Dutch had built there, and did forbid the Plimouth men to proceed, but they fat up their houfe notwithftanding about a mile above the Dutch. This river runs fo far North- ward that it comes within a days journey of a part of Merri- mack called and runs thence N. W. fo near the great lake as the Indians do pafs their canoes into it over land. From this lake and the hideous fwamps about it came mod of the beaver which is traded between Virginia and Canada, which runs forth of this lake ; and Patomack river in Virgi- nia comes likewife out of it or very near, fo as from this lake there comes yearly to the Dutch about 10,000 fkins which might eafily be diverted by Merrimack, if a courfe of trade were fettled above in that river. A faft was kept at Boflon, and Mr. Leverett an ancient fin- 10 cere profeffor of Mr. Cotton's congregation in England was chofen a ruling elder, and Mr. Fermin a godly man an apo- thecary of Sudbury in England was chofen deacon by impofi- tion of hands, and Mr. Cotton was then chofen teacher of the congregation of Bofton, and ordained by impofition of hands. Then Mr. Wilfon the paftor demanded of him if he did ex- cept of that call ; he paufed, and then fpoke to this effect. That however he knew hi mfelf unworthy and inefficient for that place, yet having obferved all the pafTages of God's pro- vidence (which he recorded up in particular) in calling him to it, he could not but except it. Then the pallor and the two elders laid their hand* upon his head and the paftor prayed, and then taking 56 GOVERNOR 1633. taking off their hands laid them on again, and fpeaking ttf u -y J him by his name, they did thereby defiga him to the fa id office _ in the name of theHoly Ghoft, r id did give him the charge of the congregation, and did thereby (as by a fign from God) endue him with the gifts fit for his office, and laftly-dict blefs him. Then the neighbouring minifters which were prefeivc . did, at the paftor's notice, give him 'the right hand of fellow - Ihip, and the pallor made a ilipulation between him and the congregation. When Mr. Cotton accepted of the office, he commended to the congregation fuch as were to come over who were of his charge in England, that they mi^ht be com- fortably provided for. The lame day Mr. Grant in the mip James arrived at Sa- ^ lem, having been but eight weeks between Gravefend and Sa- lem ; he brought Captain Wiggin and about 30, with one Mr. L a godly miniiter to Pifcataq. (which the Lord Say and the Lord Brook ha'd purchafed of the Briftol men) and about 30- for Virginia, and about 20 for that, place and fome 60 cattle. He brought news that the Richard a bark of 5,0 tons which came forth with the Griffin, being come above 300 leagues, fprang fuch a leak as ihe was forced to bear up and put into Waymouth. Oft. ii. A fail at Newtown whrre Mr. Hooker was chofen pallor and Mr. Stone teacher in fuch a manner as before at Boilon. The wolves continued "to do much hurt among our cattle and this month by Mr. Grant there came over four Irifh grey hounds which were fent to the Governor by Mr. Downing his brother- in-law. Nov. A great mortality among the Indians, Chickatabot the S<1- gamore of Naponfett died, and many of his people. The difeafe was the fmall pox. Some of them were cured by fuch means as they had from us ; many of their children efcaped and were kept by the Englim. Capt. Wiggin of Fifcataq. wrote to theGovernor that one of his people had {tabbed another, and defired he might be tried in .the Bay, if the party defired. The Governor anfwered that if Pifcataq. lay within their limits (as it was fuppofed) they would try him. A fmall fhip of about 60 tons was built at Meadford, and called the Rebecca. This year a water mill was built at Rox- bury, by Mr. Dummer. The fcarcity of workmen had caufed them to raife their wa- ges to an exceflive rate, fo as a carpenter would have three millings the day, a laborer two millings and fix-pence, &c. and accordingly thofe who had commodities to fell, advanced their prices fometime double to that they coft in England, fo as it grew JOURNAL grew to a general complaint, which the court taking know- 1633^ ledge of, as alfo of fome further evils which were fpringing v_ Y - but of the exccffive rates of wages. They made art order that Nov carpenters, mailers &c. mould take but 23. the day, and la- bourers but i8d, and that no commodity mould be fold at above four pence in the (hilling more than it coft for ready mo- ney in England, oil, wine, &c. and cheeie in regard of the ha- zard of bringing, &c. The evils which were fpringing, were, - I. Many fpent much time idly, becaufe they could get as much in four days as would keep them a week. 2. They fpent much in tobacco and llrong waters * which was a great wafte to the Commonwealth, which by reafon of fo many fcarce commo- dities expended could not have fubfifted to this time, but that it was fupplied by the cattle and corn which r were fold to new comers at very dear rates, viz. corn at 6s. the bufliel ; a cow at 20!. yea fome at 24!. fome 26!. a mare at 35!. an ewe goat at 3 or 4!. and yet many cattle were every year brought out of England, and fome from Virginia. Soon after an or- der was taken for prices of commodities, viz. not to'exceed the rate of four pence in the milling above the price in England, except cheefe and liquors, &c. The miniftera in the Bay arid Sagiis did meet once a fort- night at one of their houfes by commifiion, where fome queiUon of moment was debated. Mr. Skelton the pallor of Salem, and Mr. Williams who was removed from Plimouth thither, but not in any office, tho he exercifed by way of prophecy, took fome exceptions againft it, as fearing it might grow in time to a prelbytery or fuperintcndency, to the prejudice of the churches liberties, but this fear was without caufe, for they were all clear in that point, that no church or perfon can have power over another church, neither did they in their meetings exercife any fuch jurifdiftion. News of the taking ef Machias by the French. Mr. Aller- ia ton of Plimouth and fome others had fet up a trading wigwam there, and loft in it five men and flore of commodities* La- Tour, Governor of the French in thofe parts, making claim to the place, came to difplant them, and finding reiiitance, kill- ed two of the men, and carried away the other three, and tha goods. Some differences fell out ftill now and then, between the Governor and deputy, which were foon heated. It had been ordered in court, that all hands mould help to the finifhing of the fort at Bofton, and all the towns in the Bay had gone once H over .xm gr Spirits t EDIT I GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1633. over, and moil the fecond time ; butthofe of Newto\vn being -~^~~/ warned, the deputy would not fuffer them to come, neither did Nov. acquaint the Governor with the caufe, which was, for that Salem and Sagus had not brought in money for their parts. The Governor hearing of it, wrote friendly to him, mewing him that the intent of the court was, that the work ihould be done by thofe in the Bay, and that after the others mould pay a proportionable ium for the houfe, &c. which mutt be done by money, and therefore defired him that he would fend in his neighbours. Upon this Mr. Haynes and Mr. Hooker came to the Governor to treat with him about it, and brought a let- ter from the deputy full of bitternefs and refolution not to fend till Salem, &c. The Governor told them it mould reft till the court, and withal gave the letter to Mr. Hooker with this fpeech : I am not willing to keep fuch an occafion of provoca- tion by me ; and fcon after he wrote to the deputy (who had before defired to buy a fat hog or two of him, being fomewhat fhort of provifions) to dcfire him to fend for one, which he would have fent him if he had known when his occafion had been to have made ufe of it, and to accept it as a teftimony of his good will, and left he fhould make any fcruple of it, he made Mr. Haynes and Mr. Hooker (who both fc-journed in his houfe) partakers with him. Upon this the deputy return- ed this anfwer : *.' Your overcoming yourfelf hath over- te come me, Mr. Haynes, Mr. Hooker, and myfelf do molt "' kindly accept the good will, but we defire, without offence, " to refufe the offer, and that I may only trade with you for " two hogs," and fo very lovingly concluded. The court being two days after, ordered ihat Nevvtown fhould do their work as others had done, and then Salem, &c. mould pay for three days at i8. a man. i j The congregation of Boflon met to take order for Mr. Cot- ton's purfage and horfe, and his and Mr. Wilfon's mainte- nance. Mr. Cotton had difourfed eighty pounds for his pur- fage. vid towards his houfe which he would not have again, fo there was about 6ol. railed by voluntary contribution, towards - the finiming of his hcufe, and about lool. towards their main- tenance. At this meeting there arofe fome difference between the Governor and Mr. Cottington, who charged the Govern- or, that he took away the liberty of the reft, becaufe at the requeftofthe reft, he had named fome men to fet out mini- fter's lands, &Ci which grew to fome heat of words, but the next Lord's day they both acknowledged openly their failing?, ar.d declared that they had been reconciled the next day. Mr, JOURNAL. 5 Mr. Wilfon, by leave of the congregation of Bofton (where- 1633. of he was paftor) went to Agawam to teach the people of that ' - T . f plantation, becaufe they had yet no minifter ; while he was Nov. 26. there, there fell fuch a fnow (knee deep) as he could not come back for days, and a boat which went thither was fro- Dec. 4. zen up in the river. John Sagamore died of the fmall pox and almoft all his peo- 5 pie, about 30 buried by Mr. Maverick of Winefcmett in one day. The towns in the bay took away many of the children, but moft of them died loon after. James Sagamore of Sagus died alfo and moft of his folks. John Sagamore defired to be brought among the Englifh, fo he agreed and promifed, if he recovered, to live with the Englifh and ferve their God. He left one fon which he difpofed to Mr. Wilfon the paftcr cf Bofton to be brought up by him. He gave to the Governor a good quantity of wampampeague, and to divers others of the Englifh he gave gifts and took order for the payment of his own debts and his men's ; he died in a perfuafion that he fhould go to the Englimmen's God. Divers of them in their ficknefs confefTed that the Engliihmen's God was a good God, and that if they recovered they would ferve him. It wrought much with them that when their own people forfook them, yet the Engliih came daily and miniftered to them, and yet few took any inftruftions by it.. Among others Mr. Maverick of Winefemett is worthy cf fpecial remembrance ; himfelf, his wife and fervants went daily to them, miniftered to their ne- cefTities, and buried their dead, and took home many of their children ; fo did other of the neighbours. This infectious dif- eafe fpread to Pifcataq. where all the Indians except one or two, died. One Couper of Pifcataq. going to an I (land upon the Lord's day to fetch fome fack to be drank at the great houfe, he ad a boy coming back in a canoe (being both drunk) were driven to fea and never heard of after. At the fame plantation a company having made afire at a tree, one of them faid, thia tree will fall, and accordingly it fell upon him and killed him. It pleafed the Lord to give fpecial teftimony of his prefence in the church of Bofton after Mr. Cotton was called to office there, more were converted and added to that church than to all the other churches in the bay (or rather the lake, for fo it were more principally termed, the bay being that part of fea between the two capes, Cape Cod and Cape Anne). Divers profane and notorious evil perfons came and confeffed their fms, and were comfortably received into the bofem of the church 9* GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1633. church. Yea the Lord gave witnefs to the exercife of prophe- Ln y . -f cy, fo as thereby iome were converted and others much edifi- i^cc, ed. Aifo the Lord pleafed greatly to blefs the practice of dif- cipline wherein he gave the palter Mr. Wilfon a fingular gift, to the great benefit of the church. After much deliberation and ferious advice, the Lord directed the teacher Mr. Cotton to make it clear by the fcripture, that the minifter's mainte- nance, as well as all other charges of the church, mould be defrayed out of a cheftor treafury, which was to be raifed out of the weekly contribution, which accordingly was agreed upon. %7 The Governor and afliftants met at Boilon, and took into confideration a treatife which Mr. Williams (then of Salem) had fent to them, and which he had formerly written to the Governor and council of Plimouth, wherein among other things, he difputes their right to the lands they poffeffed here, and concluded that claiming by the King's grant, they could have no title, nor otherwife except they compounded with the natives. For this, taking .advice with fome of the moll judici- ous minifters, who much condemned Mr. Williams's error and preemption, they gave order that he mould be convent- cd at the next court, to be cenfured, &c. There were three paflages chiefly whereat they were much offended, ift. For that he chargeth King James to have told a folemn, public He, becaufe in his patent he blefled God that he was the firft chrif- tian prince that had difcovered this land. 2d. For that he chargeth him and others with blafphemy for calling Europe Chriflendom or the church world. 3d. For that he did perfon- ally apply to our prefent King Charles thofe 3 places in the re- velations viz. Mr. Endicott being abfent the Governor wrote to him to let him know what was done, and withal added divers arguments to confute the faid errors, wilhing him to deal with Mr. Wil- jiams to retract the fame and whereto he returned a very mo- deft and difcreet anfwer. Mr. Williams alfo wrote to the Governor and alfo to him and the reft of the council very fub- mifTively, profeffing his intent to have been only to have written for the private fatisfaclion of the gentlemen &. cof Plimouth, without any purpofe to have ftirred any further in it, if the Governor there had not required a copy of him, withal offer- ing his book or any part of it to be burnt. At the next court he appeared privately, and gave fatisfaftion of his intention and gilt, fo it was left and nothing done in it. 1634. News come from Plimouth that Capt. Stone who this laft Jan. 21. fummer went out of the bay 01 lake, and fo to Aquawaticas wheje he took in Capt. Norton, putting in at the mouth of Connecticut J O U R N A L, 61 Conne&icut in his way to Virginia where the pequins inhabit, 1634. was there cut off by them with all his company being eight. The manner was thus, [See after Nov. 6, 1634.] Hall and the two others who went to Connecticut, Nov. 3d. came now home, having loft themfelves and endured much mi- fery. They affured us that the fmall pox was gone as far as any Indian plantation was known to the weft, and much peo- ple dead of it, by reafon whereof they could have no trade. At Naraganfett, by the Indian report, there died 700, but be- yond Pifcataq. none to theeaftward. The Governor and council met again at Bofton to confider 24. of Mr. William's letter, Sec. when with the advice of Mr. Cotton and Mr. Wilfon, and weighing his letter, and further confidering of the aforefaid orFenfive palTages in his book (which being written in very obfcure and implicative phrazes might well admit of doubtful interpretation) they found the matters not to be fo evil as at firft they feemed. Whereupon they agreed that upon his retraction, &c. and taking an oath of allegiance to the King, &c. it mould be patted over. An Engliihman of Sacoe, travelling into the country to trade was killed by the Indians. John Scales who ran from his mailer to the Indians came 30 here again ; he was at a place twelve miles off, where were fcven Indians. Four died of the pox while he was there. Mr. Craddock's houfe at Murblehead was burnt down about' Feb. I. midnight, there being then in it Mr. Allerton and many fifh- ermen whom he employed thatfeafon, who all were preferved by a fpecial providence of God, with mort of the goods therein, by a taylor who fet up that night at work in the houfe, and hearing a noife looked out and faw the houfe on fire above the oven in the thatch. This winter was very mild, little wind, and moft S. and S. W. but after fnows and great. One mow of the I5th of this month was near two feet deep all over. Such of the Indians children as were left, were taken by the Englim, moft whereof did die of the pox * foon after, three only remaining, whereof one which the Governor kept was cal- led Knows God, (the Indians ufual anfwer being, when they were put in mind of God, me no knows God). The Grampofs came up towards Charleftown by the tide of zz ebb. By this time 1 7 timing mips were come to Richman's Jile and the Iflesof Shoals. by * The /mall pox, which pr wed fatal fo many of the natives. 62 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1634. By order of court a market was erected at Bofton to be kept I s^- ' upon Thurfday the 5th day of the week, being the lecture day. March 4, Samuel Cole fet up the firft houfe for common entertainment, and John Cogan merchant the firft mop. Upon offer of fome new comers to give liberally towards the building of a galley for defence of the bay, and upon confultation with divers ex- perienced feamen and others, it was thought fitter for our condition to build a veffel 40 feet in length and 21 in breadth, to be cannon proof, and the upper deck mufket proof, to have one fail, and to carry whole culverin and other fmaller pieces, eight in all. This was found to be fo chargeable and to long time ere it could be finimed, that it was given over. At this court all fwamps above 100 acres were made common, &c. Alfo Robert Cole, having been often punilhed for drun- kennefs, was now ordered to wear a red D about his neck for a year. y At the lecture at Bofton a queftion was propounded about veils, Mr. Cotton concluded that where by the cuftom of the place, they were not a fign of a woman's fobriety, they were not commanded by the apoftle. Mr. Endicott oppofed, and did maintain it by the general arguments brought by the apol- tle. After fome debate, the Governor perceiving it to grow to fome earneflnefs, interpofed and fo it brake off. Among other teftimonies of the Lord's gracious prefence with his own ordinances, there was a youth of 14 years of age (being the fon of one of the magistrates) fo wrought upon by the miniftry of the word, as for divers months he was held un- der fuch affliction of mind, as he could not be brought to ap- prehend any comfort in God, being much humbled and broken for his iins (tho he had been a dutiful child, and not given up to the lufts of youth) and efpecially for his bbfphemous and wicked thoughts, whereby fatan buffeted him, fo as he went mourning and languifhing daily, yet attending to the means and net giving over prayer, and feeking counfel, &c. he came at length to be freed from his temptation and to find comfort in God's promifes, and fo being received into the congregation upon good proof of his underflanding in the things of God, he went on cheerfully in a chriftian courfe, falling daily to labor, as a fervant, and as a younger brother of his did, who was no whit fhort of him in the knowledge of God's will, tho his youth kept him from daring to offer himfelf to the congregation. Up- on this occafion it is not impertinent (tho no credit nor regard to be had of dreams in thefe days) to report a dream which tie father of thefe children had at the fame time, viz. That coming into his chamber he found his wife (me was a very gra- cious JOURNAL. $3 tious woman) in bed, and three or four of their children ly- 1634. Ing by her, with moll fweet and fmiling countenances with *_ - T - _J crowns upon their heads, and when he awoke, he told his wife March, his dream, and made this interpretation of it, that God would take of her children to make them fellow heirs with Chrifl in his kingdom. Satan beflirred himfelf to hinder the progrefs of the gofpel as among other practices, appeared by this. He flirred up a fpirit of jealoufy between Mr. James the paftor of Charleftown and many of his people, fo as Mr. Noel, and fome others who had been difmifled from Boflon began to queftion the fa& of Breaking from Bofton, and it grew to fucha principle of con- fcience among them, as the advice of the other mmiiters was taken in it, who after two meetings could not agree about their continuance or return. One Mr. Morris, Enfign to Capt. Underbill, taking fome diftafte in his office, requeued the magiftrates that he might be difcharged of it, and fo was, whereby he gave offence to the congregation of B. fo as being queflioned and convinced of fin in forfaking his calling, he did acknowledge his fault, and at the requeil of the people, was by the magiftrates chofen lieu- tenant to the fame company, for he was a very flout man and an experienced foldier. April I, Order was taken for miniflering an oath to all houfe keepers and fojourners being 20 years of age and not freemen, and for making a furvey of the houfes and lands of all freemen. Notice being fent out to the general court to be holden the 1 4th day of the 3d montk called May, the freemen deputed two of each town to meet and confider of fuch matters as they were to take order in at the fame gtneral court ; who having met defired a fight of the patent, and conceiving thereby that all their laws mould be made at the general court, repaired to the Governor to advife with him about it, and about the abro- gating of fome orders formerly made ; as for killing of fwine in corn, &c. He told them that when the patent was grant- ed, the number of freemen was fuppofed to be (as in like cor- porations) fo few, as they might' well join in making laws, but now they were grown to fo great a body as it was not poffible for them to make or execute laws, but they mufl choofe othert for that purpofe and that howfoever it would be necefTary here- after to have a feleft company to intend that work, yet for the prefent they were not furnifhed with a fufficient number of men qualified for fuch a bufinefs, neither could the commonwealth bear the lofs of time of fo many as mufl intend it, yet thU thy might do at prefent, yiz, They might at the general court 64 GOVERNOR WINTHROP** 1634, court make an order that once in the year a certain number L, i-y -J mould be appointed upon fumrnons from the Governor, to re- April, vife all laws, &c. and to reform what they found amifs therein, but not to make any new laws, but prefer their grievances to the court of afliftants, and that no affeffment mould be laid upon the country without the confent of fuch a committee, nor 3 any lands difpoled of. The Gov. went on foot to Agawam, and becaufe the peo- ple there wanted a minifter, fpent the fabbath with them, and 20 excercifed by way of prophecy, and returned home the loth. JohnCoggeihall gentleman, being difmiiTed from the church of Roxbury to Bofton, tho he were well known and approved of the church, yet was not received but by confeffion of hit May. 3 faith, &c. News came of the death of Hofkin and the Plimouth man at Kenebeck, and of the arrival of the (hip at Pemaquid which brought 30 pafiengers for this place. The occafion of the death of thofe men at Kenebeck was this. The Plimouth men had a grant from the grand patentees of N. E. of Kenebeck, with liberty of fole trade, &c. The faid Hofkin came in a pinnace be longing to the Lord Say and Lord Brook at Pifcataqua to t*ade at Kenebeck ; two of the magiftrates at Plimouth being there, forbad him, yet he went up the river, and becaufe he would not come down again, they fent three men in a canoe to cut his cables, having cut one, Hofkin prefented a piece, and fwore he would kill him that went up to cut the other ; they told him do if he durft, and went on to cut it, thereupon he killed one of them, and inftantly one in the Plimouth pinnace (which rode by them and wherein five or fix men flood with their pie- ces ready charged) fhot and killed Hofkin. At the general court at Bofton, upon the complaint of a kinfman of the faid Hofkin. John Alden, one of the faid magiftrates of Pli- mouth, who was prefent when Hofkin was flain, being then at Bofton, was called and bound with fureties not to depart out of our jurifdiclion without leave, &c. and withal we wrote to Plimouth to certify them what we had done, and to know whe- ther they would do jullice in the caufe (as belonging to their jurifdiction) and to have a fpccdy anfwer, &c. This we did that notice might be taken that we did difavow the faid action which was much condemned of all men, and which was feared would give occafion to the King to fend a general Governor over, andbefide", had brought us all, and the gofpel under a common reproach of cutting one another's throats for beaver. By this time the fort at Bofton was in defence, and diver* pieces of ordinance mounted in it. Thofc JOURNAL. 63 Thofe of Newtown complained of ftraitnefs for want of 1634. land, efpecially meadow, and defired leave of the council to v^ v ^, ^j look out either for enlargement or removal, which was grant- May. cd ; whereupon they fent men to fee Agawam and Merimack, and gave out they would remove. At the general Court Mr. Cotton preached and delivered this do&rine, that a magistrate ought not to be turned into the condition of a private man without juil cauie, and to be publicly convict, no more than the magiftrates may not turn a private man out of his freehold, &c. without like public tri- al. This falling in queition. in the court, and the opinion of the reft of the minifters being alked, it was referred to fur- ther corifideration. The court chofe anew Governor* viz. Thomas Dudley, chofen by Efq. the former deputy, and Mr. Ludlow was chofen deputy, papers, and John Haynes, Efq. an affiflant, and all the refc of the ai- fiftants chofen again. At this court it was ordered that four general courts fiiould be kept every year, and that the whole body of freemen Ihould be prefent only at the court of election of magiftrates, and that Mr. Cot- at the other three, every town ftiould fend their deputies who tington mould aflift in making laws, difpofing lands, &c. Many good chofen orders were made this court, it held three days, and all things Treafuref were carried very peaceably, notwithftanding that fome of the affiftants were queilioned by the freemen for fome errors in their government, and fome fines impoied, but remitted again before thejcourt broke up. The court was kept in the mee;ing- houfe at Bolton. The week the court was, there came in fix (hips with ftore of paffengcrs and cattle. Mr. Parker a minuter and a company with him being about one hundred, went to fit down at Agawam and divers othcri of the new comers. One - , a Godly minifter, upon eonfcience of his Oath and care of the common W. difcovercd to the magidrates fome feditious fpecches of his foil delivered in private to himfelf, but the court thought not fit to call the party in queition then, being loth to have the father come in as public accufer of his own fon, but rather dciired to find other matters, or other witneiies againft him. Mr. Fleming, mailer of a {hip of Barnftable went hence to 24 the Eaftward to cut mails there, and fo to return to England ; there returned with him enfign Mothani and another. Thefe ihips, by reafon of their ihori pafikge had ilore of provifions left, which they put off at eafy rates, viz. biicuit at A0. the C. beef at 61, the hothead, &c. - I N-\vfo'.vrt 66 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's Newtown men being ftraitened for ground fent feme td Merimack to find a fit place to tranfplant themfelves. The Thunder which \vent to Bermuda the ijth of Oftober, now returned, bringing corn and goats from Virginia (for the vveavils had taken the corn at Bermuda before they came there) enfign Jenyfon went in her for a pilot, and related at his re- turn, that there was a very great change in 'Bermuda fince he dwelt there, divers lewd perfons having become good chrilKans. They have three minillers, one a Scotchman who took great pains among them, and had lately, by prayer and fading dif- porTeiTed one poffeiTcd of a devil : They obtained his recovery while the congregation were aftembled. He brought news al- ib of a great (hip arrived in Patomack river in Virginia, with a Governor and colony lent by the Lord Bartimore who was expecled there moftjy himfelf, and that .they refilled thofe of Virginia, who came to trade in that river. It appeared after that the King had written to Sir Jo. Harvy Kings Governor of Virginia to give all affiftance to that new plantation which was called Maryland by the Queen of Eng- land, and thofe that came over were many of them papifts, and did fet up mafs openly. July. The Hercules of Dover returned by St. ''Georges to cut malls to carry to England. The" laft month arrived here 1 4 great fhips and one at Salem, Mr. Humphry and the lady Sufan his wife one of the Earl of Lincoln's fitters arrived here. He brought more ordnance, mu&cts and powder bought for the public for monies given to that end ; for godly people in England began now to appre- hend r.n efpecial hand of God in failing this plantation, and their hearts were generally flirred to come to us. Among o- thcrs we received letters from a godly preacher Mr. Leviilon a Scotchman in the North of Ireland, whereby he fignified thr.t there were many gcod chriftians in thofe parts refolved to come hither if they might receive fatisfadtion concerning feme queftions and propcfmoas which they fent over. Likewife Mr. Humphry brought certain proportions from forr.e perfons of great quality and eftate (and of fpecial note for piety) where- by they clifcovered their intentions to join with us if they might receive fatisfaction therein. 'It appeared further by many pri- vr.tc letters that the departure of io many of the belt, both rni- mfters and chriftians had bred fad thoughts in thofe behind of the Lord's intentions in this work, and an apprehenfion of fomc r-\ -,\ days to come upon England ; yea ic began now to be ap- prehended by the Arch-Biiliop and others of the council as a .1 fler of ilate, fo as thoy lent out warrants to ilay the fnips-, and JOURNAL. 67 and to call in our patent : but upon petition of the fhip mafters (alledging how beneficial this plantation was to England)in re- gard of the Newfoundland Mining which they took in their way homeward, the flrps were at that time releafed : But Mr. Cradock(who had beenGovernor in England before the govern - ment was fent over) had itricl charge to deliver in the patent ; whereupon he wrote to us to fend it home upon receipt of his letter. The Governor and council confulted about it, and re - folved to anfwer Mr. Cradock's letter, but not to return any anfwer or excufe to the council at that time. Divers of the mips loft many cattle, but the two which came from Ipfwich, of more than 120, loft but 7. None of the mips loft any paflengers. but the E. Dorcas which having a long pafTage, and being hurt upon a rock at Silly, and very ill victualled, me loll 60 paiTengers at fea, and divers cama fick on more, who all recovered (through the mercy of God) except Mr. Humphry brought 1 6 hiefers given by a private friend, viz. Mr. Richard Andrews, to the plantation, viz. To every of the minifters one, and the red to the poor, and one half of the increafe of the minifters to be refer ved for other minifters. Mr. Wilfon fo foon as he had his, ,gave it to Mr. Cotton. By Mr. Humphry's means much money was procured, and divers promifed yearly peniions. Six of Newtown went in the Blefiinoj (being bound to the Dutch plantation) to difcover Connecticut river, intending to remove their town thither. Mr. Bradford and Mr. Window two of the' magiftrates of Plimouth, with Mr. Smith their paftor, came to Bofton by water to confer with fome of our magiftrates and minifters a- >3out their cafe of Kenebeck. There met thereabout, Mr. Winthrop, Mr. Cotton and Mr. Wilfon, and after they had fought the Lord, they fell firft upon fome pafiages which they had taken fome offence at, but thofe were foon cleared.. Then for the matter itfelf it fell into thefe points. ift. Whether their right of trade there were fuch as they might lawfully hinder others from coming there, zd. Admitting that, whether in point of ccnfcience they might fo far (land upon their right as to take away or hazard any man's life in defence of it. For the i ft. Their right appeared to be good, for that befidesthe King's grant, they had taken up that place as 'vacuum domicili- .'4m t and fo had continued without interruption or claim of any of the natives for divers years, and alfo had by their own :harge and providence drawn down thither, the greateft part T *f the trade by carrying wampampeAgue thither, which none cf 68 GOVERNOR WINTHROP'* the Englifhhnd known the ufe of before. For the ad. They allowed that their (errant did kill Holkin to fave other of their men whom he was ready to have mot, yet they acknow- ledged that they did hold themfelves under guilt of the breach of the 6th commandment, in that they did hazard men's lives forfuch a caufe, and did not rather wait topreferve their right by other means, which they rather acknowledged becaufe they \vifhed it were not done, and hereafter they would be careful to prevent the likr. The Governor and Mr. Winthrcp wrote their letters into England to mediate their peace, and fent them by Mr.Wilfon, Sir Ferdinand Gorges and Capt. Mafonfent to Piicat. and Aquawaticus, with 2 faw-mil!s to be creeled, in each place one. Mr. Cradock wrote to the Governor and affiftants, and fent a copy of the council's order, whereby we were required to fend over our patent. Upon long confutation whether we fhould return anfwer or not, we agreed, and returned anfwer to Mr. Cradock, excufing that it could not be done but by a general court which was to be holden in September next. Mr.Winthrop the late Gov. received a letter from the Earl of Warwick, wherein he congratulated the profperity of cur planta- tion , and encouraged our proceedings, and offered his help to further us in it. 29 The Governor and council and divers of the imniflers and others, met at Cattle Ifland, and there agreed upon creeling two platforms and one fmall fortification to fecure the city, and for the prefent furtherance of it, they agreed to lay out five pounds a man till a rule might be made at the next general court. The deputy Roger Ludlow was chofen overfeer of the work. Auguft 2. Mr. Samuel Skelton paftor of Salem died. 4 At the court, the new town at Agawam was named Ipfwich, in acknowledgement of the great honour and kindnefs done to our people which took (hipping there, &c. and a day of thankf- giving appointed a fortnight after for the particular revival of the times, &c. A letter to Mr. Winthrop by Mr. Jeffery an old planter, written to him from Moreton, wherein he related how he had obtained his long fuit, and that a commiffion was gran- ted for a general Governor to be fent over, with many railing fpeeches and threats againil this plantation, and Mr. Winthrop in particular. Mr. Winthrop acquainted the Go- vernof and council with it, and fome of the miniilers. This fummer was hotter lhan many before, About JOURNAL. 6g About midnight one Craford (who came this fummer) with "his brother and fervant, having put many goods in a fmall boat in Charles River, over againft Richard Brown his - houfe, overfet the boat with the weight of fome hhds. (as wasfuppof- ed) fo as they were all three drowned, yet one of them could fwim well, and tho the neighbours came running forth inilant- ly upon their cry, yet none could be faved. Our neighbours of Plimouth and we had often traded with the Dutch at Hudfon's River (called New Netherlands). We had from them about 40 (heep and beaver, and brafs pieces and fugar, &c. for fack, ftrong waters, linen cloth and other commodities. They have a great trade of beaver, about 9 or 10,000 fkins in a year. Our neighbours of Plimouth had great trade alfo this year at Kenebeck, fo aslVlr. Winflow car- ried with him into England this year about 20 hhds. of bea- ver, the greateft part whereof was traded for wampampeague. One pleafant pafTage happened which was afted by the In- dians. Mr, Winilow coming in his bark from Connecticut to Naraganfett, and left her there, and intending to return by land, he went to Ofamekin the Sagamore, his old ally, who offered to conduft him home to Plimouth, but before they took their journey Ofamekin fent one of his men to Plimouth to tell them that Mr. Winflow .was dead, and directed him to ihew how and where he was killed, whereupon there was much fear and forrow at Plimouth. The next day when Ofamekia brought him home they alked him why he fent fuch word, &c % he anfwered, that it was their manner to do fo that they might be more welcome when they came home. Mr. Bradford and Mr. Collier of Plimouth came to Bofton, 19 having appointed a meeting there the week before, but by rea- fon of foul weather were driven back. They had written to Captain Wiggin of Pifcat. about the meeting for hearing the caufe of Hofkins death. Corn was this year at 45. the bufhel and fome at 33. and fome cheaper. The D , a pinnace of about 50 tons came from Ma- 29 fyland upon Patomack River with corn to exchange for n(h and other commodities. The Governor Leonard Calcourt and two of the commiffioners wrote to the Governor here to make of- fer of trade of corn, &c. and the Governor of Virginia wrote alfo on their behalf, and one Capt. Young wrote to make offer to deliver cattle here. Near all their company came fick hith- er, and the merchant died within one week after. The general court began at Newtown and continued a week, Sept, 4 and then was adjourned eleven days. Many things were there GOVERNOR WINTHROP'* there agitated and concluded, as fortifying in Caftle liland, Dorchefter.and Charleftown ; alfo againft tobacco and coftl)r apparel, and immodeft fafhions, and committees appointed for fetung out the bounds of towns, with divers other matters, which do appear upon record. But the main bufinefs which fpent the moft time, and caufed the adjourning of the court, was about the removal of Newtown. They had leave the laft general court to look out fome place for enlargement or re- moval, with promife of having it confirmed to them if it were not prejudicial to any other plantation ; and now they moved that they might have leave to remove to Connecticut. This matter was debated divers days, and many reafons al- Jedgedpro and con. The principal reafons for their removal, were, i . Their wa'n-t of accommodation for their cattle, fo as. frhev were not able to maintain their minider, nor could re- ceive any more of their friends to help them ; and here it was alledged by Mr. Hooker, as a fundamental error, that towns were let fo near each to other. 2. The fruitfulnefs and com- siodioufnefs of Connecticut, and the danger of having it pof- leffed by other Dutch or Englifh. 3. The ftrong bent of their Spirits to remove thither. Againft thefe, it was faid, i . That in poit of confcience they eaght not to depart from us, being knit to us in one body, and bound by oath to leek the welfare of this Commonwealth. 2. That in point of Hate and civil policy, we ought not to give them leave to depart, i. Being new, were now weak and in danger to. be afiailed. 2. The departure of Mr. Hook- er would not only draw many from us, but alfo divert ether friends that would come to us. 3. We mould expofe them to evidetit peril both from the Dutch who made claim to the iame river and had already built a fort there, and from the Indians, and alfo from our own ftate at home, who would not endure they mould fit down without a patent in any place which our King lays claim unto. 3. They might be accommodated at home by fome enlarge- ment which other towns offered. 4. They might remove to Merimack or any other place within oar patent. 5. The re- moving of a candleftick is a great judgment which is early to be avoided. Upon thefe and other arguments the court being divided, it was put to vote, and of the deputies 15 were for their departure, and 10 againft it. The Governor and two sffiftants were for it, and the deputy and all the reft of the af- Eilants were againft it, except the fecretary who gave no vote, whereupon no record was entered becaufe there were not fix in the vote, as the patent requkes, Upon this grew a great JOURNAL. 71 at great difference between the governor and afiiftants, and th* 16 54. deputies : They \yould not yield the affiftants a negative voice,, and the other (cbnfidering how dangerous it might be to the commonwealth if they mould not keep that ftrength to ballance the greater number of deputies) thought it fafe to fiand upon it ; fo when they could proceed no further, the whole court agreed to keep a day of humiliation to feekthe Lord, -which accordingly was done in all the congregations the i8th day of this month, and the 24th the court met again. Before they began Mr. Cotton preached (being dcfired by all the court, upon Mr. Hooker's inflant excufe of his unfitnefs fix- that occafion) he took his text out of Hag. 2.4. and out of which he laid down the nature or ftrength (as he term'd it) of the magiftracy, miniftry and people, viz. The ftrength of the magiftracy to be their authority, --of the people their liberty, and of the rniniftry their purity ; and fhewed how all of thofe had a negative voice, and that yet the ultimate refolutioa cught to be in the whole body of the people, &c. with anfwer to all objections, and a declaration of the peoples duty and light to maintain their true liberties againft any unjuft violence,, &c. which gave great fatisfaclion to the company. And it pleafed the Lord fo to aiTift him and to blefs his own ordinance, that the affairs of the court went on cheerfully, and altfeo all were not fatisfied about the negative voice to be left to tiie magiftrate,fyet no man moved aught about it, and the congre- gation of Newtowncame and accepted of fuch enlargement as had formerly been -offered them by Boftcn and Watertown, and fo the fear of their removal to Connecticut was removed. At this court Mr. Goodwin a very revered and godly maa being the elder of the congregation of Newton, having ia heat of argument, ufed fome unrevercnd fpeech to one of the afliflants, and being reproved for the fame in the open court, did gravely and humbly acknowledge his fault, &c. At .this court were many laws made againft tobacco andim- fiiodeft fcilhions and coftly apparel, &c. as appears by the re- cords. And 6col. raifed towards fortifications and other char- ges, which were the more haftened, becaufe the Griffin and a- nother fhip, now arriving with about 200 pafTengers and 100 cattle (Mr. Lathrop and Mr, Simes, two godly minifters com- ing in the fame fhip) there came over a copy of the commit- on granted to the two Arch-Bilhcps and ten others of the coun- cil, to regulate all plantations, and power given them cr any five of them, to call in all patents, to make laws, to r.iifc tythes and portions for mi nailers, tb remove and puiiifli Go- ^rflors, and to hear and deierir.hie all cauTcs, and inflict all 7* GOVERNOR WINTHROP'ji 1634. punifnmcnts, even death itfelf, See. This being advifed front L - y - J our friends to be intended fpecially for us, and that there were ihips and foldiers provided, given out as for the carrying the new Governor, Capt. Woodhoufe to Virginia, but fufpefted to be againft us, to compel us by force to receive a new Go- vernor, and the difeipline of the church of England, and the laws of the Commiifioners,--occafioned the magiflrates and de- puties to haften our fortifications, and to difcover our ir.ir.ds each to other, which grew to this conclufion, viz. Oft. 5. At this court as before the affiftants had their dues at the Governors at Newtown, and the firft day all the deputies. He had i ool. allowed him for his charges, and 500!. more was taifed towards fortifications, &c. About this time one Alderman of Bear Cove, being about 50 years old, loft his way between Dorchefter and Weffagafus, and wandered in the woods and fwamps three days and two nights without taking any food, and being near fpent, God brought him to Scituate, but he had torn his legs much, other harm he had none. It being found that the four le&ures did fpend too much time, and proved very burdenfome to the rninifters and peo- ple, the rninifters, with the advice of the magiftrates, and with confent of their congregations, did agree to reduce them to two days, viz. Mr. Cotton at Bofton one Thurfday or the 5th day of the week, and Mr. Hooker at Newtown the next 5th day, and Mr. Warham at Dorchefteronc 4th day of the week, and Mr. Wilde at Roxbury the next 4th day. Mr. Lathrop who had been paflor of a private congrega- tion in London, and for the fame kept long time in prifon. (upon refufal of the oaih ex -off do) being at Bofton upon a jTacrament day, after the fermon, defired leave of the congre- gation to be preient at the adminiilration, but faid that he ciurft not deiire to partake in it, becaufe he was not then in order, (being difmiffed from his former congregation) and he thought it not iit to be iuddenly admitted into any other for example fake, and becaufe of the deceitful nefs of man's heart. Ke went to Scituate, being defired to be their paftor. 14. It was informed the Governor that iome of our people being aboard the bark of Maryland, the failors did revile them, call- ing them holy brethren, the members, &c. and withal did curfe and fwear moil horribly, and uled threatning fpeechcs againft us. The Governor wrote to feme of the affiftants about it, and upon advice with the minifters, it was agreed to call them in qucilion; and to this end, (bccaufe we knew not how to &t them out of their bark) we apprehended the merchant of the ) O tl R tf A L. the m!.p, being one Store/ and committed him to the marmall; till Mr. Maverick came and undertook that the offender mould be forthcoming. The next day (the Governor not being well) we examined the witnefTes and found them fall fhort of the matter of threatnirtg, and not to agree about the reviling fpeeches, beilde, not being able to deiign certainly the men that had fo offended, whereupon (the bark flaying only for this) the bail was difcharged, and a letter written to the mailer, that in regard fuch diforders were committed aboard his fhip, it was his duty to inquire out the offenders and puniih them, and withal to defire him to bria'g no more fuch difordered perfoas among us. The weather was very fair and hot without rain; near fix weeks. The Lords Say and Brock wrote to the Governor and Mr. Bellingham, that howfoever they might have fent a man of war to beat down the houfein Kenebeck for the death of Ho/kins, &c. that they thought better to take another courfe, and there- fore defired that fome of ours might be joined with Gapt. Wig- gin'their agent at Pifcat. to fee jultice done, &c. Six men of Salem going on fowling in a canoe, were over- 20 fet near Kettle Ifland, and five of them drowned. At the court of affillants complaint was made by fdrrie of the gbc country, viz* Richard Brown of Watertown in the name of the reft, that the enfign at Salem was defaced, viz. one part of the red crofs taken out* Upon this an attachment was a- warded againft Richard Davenport, Enfign bearer to appear at the next court to anfwer. .Much matter was made of this, as fearing it would be taken as an acl of rebellion, or of like high nature, in defacing the King's colours : Though the truth were it was done upon this opinion* that the red crofs was given to the King of England by the Pope^ as a.i enfign of viclory, and fo a fupcrftitious thing, and arelique of antichrift. What proceeding was hereupon, will appear after, at next court in the firfl month, for by reafon of the great fnows aiid frofts we ufed not to keep courts in the three winter months. The Rebeccah came from Naraganfett with 500 bulhds of corn given to Mr. John Oldhnm. The Indians had prom i fed him loobumels, but their {tore fell out lefs than they expecleti. They gave him alfo an Ifland, in the Naraganfett Bay, called Chippaceerfett, about fix miles long and two broad. This is a very fair bay, being above twelve leagues fquare, with di- vers great Iflands in it, a deep channel clofe to the fhore, be- ing rocky. Mr. Pierce took the height there, and found it 41 - 41 , being not above half a degree to the for.:hward of us. In GOVERNOR \VINTHRO P'i 1634. his voyage to "and fro, he went over the Ihoals, having mcft % _ part 5 or 6 fathom, within half a nile and lels of the (bore Nov. from theNorth part of Cape Cod to Xatuckett Ifland,which is a- bout 20 leagues, and in the fhalloweil place two and an half fa- thom. The country on the W. of the bay of Naraganfett is all champain for many miles but very ilony, and full of Indians. He faw there above 1000 men, women and children, yet the men were many abroad on hunting. Natuckett is an Ifland full of Indians, about 10 leagues in length E. and Weft. There came to the Deputy Governor about 14 days fmce a mefTengcr from the Pekod Sachem to defire our friendmip, he brought two bundles of Hicks wherewith he fignified how many beaver and other fkins he would give us for that end, and great ftoreof Wampumpeague (about two bufhelsbyhis defcription) He brought a fmall preient with him, which the deputy receiv- ed, and returned a moofe coat of as good value, and withal told him that he mull fend perfons of greater quality, and then our Governor would treat with them. And now there came two men who brought another preient of wampampeague, the deputy brought them to Bofton where moil of the aiiiilants were affembled by cccafion of the leclure, who calling to them fome of the miniiters, grew to this treaty with them : That we were willing to have frienclfhip, &c. but becaufe they had killed fomeEngliihmen, vrz.Capt. Stone&c. they muft firft deliver up fach as were guilty of his death, &c. They anfvvered, that the Sachem who then lived was flain by the Dutch, and all the men ivho were guilty were dead of the pox, except two, and that if they were worthy of death, they would move their Sachem to have them delivered (for they had no commifiion to do it) but they excufed the facl, faying that Capt. Stone coming into their ri- ver, took two of their men and bound them, and made them mew him th^ way up the river, which when they had done, he with two others and the two Indians (their hand fUll bound) went on (here, and 9 of their men watched them, and when they were on ihore in the night, they killed them, then going towards the pinnace to have taken that, it fuddenly blew up into the air. This was related with fuch confidence and gravi- ty, as having no means to contradicl it, we were inclined to be- lieve it, but the Governor not being prefent, we concluded nothing but fome of us went with them the next day to the Governor. The reafon why they defired fo much our friendship was be- caufe they were now in war with the Naraganfetrs, whom, till this year, they ha.d kept under, and .likewife with the Dutch, who had killed their old Sachem and fome other of their men, for J O^U R N A Lr 7 for that the Pekods had killed Come Indians who came to trade 1634. with the Dutch at Connecticut, and by thefe occafions they ' - y - _ could not trade fafely any where, therfore they defirpd us to Nov. fend a pinnace with cloths and we fhoukl have all their trade. They offered usalfo all their right at Connecticut, and to fur- ther us what they could if we would fettle a plantation there. When they came to the Governor, they agreed, according to the former treaty, viz. to deliver us the two men who were guilty of Captain Stone's death, when we would fend for them; to yield Connecticut ; to give us 400 fathom of wampam, and forty beaver and thirty otter /kins, and that we mould pre- fently fend a pinnace with cloths to trade with them, but not to defend them, &c. The next morning news came that two or three hundred of the Naraganfetts were come to Cohan, viz. Naponfett, to kill L the Pekod ambaffadors, &c. Prefently we fent cut to Rox- bury, and raifed fome few men in arms, and fent to the Nara- ganfett men to come to us ; when they came there were no more but two of their Sachems and about twenty men, who had been on hunting thereabouts and came to lodge with the In- dians at Cohan, as their manner is, fo we treated with them about the Pekods, and at our requefl they promifed they mould go and come to and from us in peace, and they were alfo con- tent to enter further treaty of peace with them, and in all things (hewed themfelves very ready to gratify us ; fo the Pekods returned home, and the Naraganfetts departed well fatisfied ; only they were told in private, that if they did make peace with the Pekods, we would give them part of that wampam, which they fliould give us (for the Pekods hold it dimonorable to offer them anything as of themfelves) yetwere willing we mould give it them, and indeed did offer us fo much for that end. The agreement they made with us was put in, writing, and the two ambaifadors fet their marks, one a bow with an arrow in it, and the other a hand. The Regard afliip of Barnftable, of about two hundred tons 13 arrived with twenty paffengers and about fifty cattle. One thing I think fit to obferve as a witnefs of God's pro- vidence for this plantation. There came in this fiiip one Mansfield, a poor godly man of Exeter, being very defirous to come to us, but not able to tranfport his family : there was in the city a rich merchant, one Marshall, who being trou- bled in his dreams about the laid poor man, could not be quiet till he had fent for him and given him 50!. and lent him icoL willing him withal, that if he wanted, he fliould fend to him 76 GOVERNOR WINT % HRpP's 1 6 -, i . for more. This Mansfield grew fuddenly rich 'and then loft his ' i y _.' godlinefs, and hi* wealth Toon after. Nov. 18 About this time an open pinnace of one Mr. Sewal. oflpf- witch, going deep laden from Boilon was caft away upon the rock at the head of Cape Anne, in a N. E. florm, but all the men were faved. S I One Willy a godly man, and member of Boilon church, and one Doroty an honeil man and two boys, going over to Nod- die's ifiand to fetch wood in a fmall boat, and none of them, having any foill or experience, were caft away in aN. E. tem- peft as they came home in the night laden, being then ebbing water. We fent two boats on the Lord's day fo foon as they were miffing (being the 23d) but they could not find men, or boat, or wood, in any place of the bay. Three days after the boat was found at Muddy River overturned. 27 The affiftants met at the Governor's to advife about the de- facing of .the crofs in the enfign at Salem, where (taking ad- vice with fome of the miniilers) we agreed to write to Mr. Downing in England, of the truth of the matter, under all our hands, that if occafion were he might mew it in our ex- cufe, for there we exprefTed our difiike of the thing, and our purpofe to furnifli the offenders, yet with as much warinefs as we might, being doubtful of the lawfulnefs of the crofs in an enfign, tho we were clear that the facl, as concerning the manner, was very unlawful. It was then informed us how Mr. Eliot the teacher of the church of Roxbury had taken occafion in a fermon to fpeak of the peace made with the Pt kods, and to lay fome blame upon eur meafures for proceeding therein without confent of the people, and for other failings (as he conceived). We took order that he {Lould be dealt with by Mr. Cotton, Mr. Plook- er and Mr. Wilde, to be brought to fee his error, and to heal ?t by fome public explanation of his meaning, for the people began to take occafion to murmur againft us for it. It was likewife informed that Mr, Williams of Salem had broken his promife to us in teaching publicly againft the King's patent, and our great fin in claiming right thereby to this country, &c. and for ufual terming the churches of England Aftti-ChrifUan. We granted fummons to him for his appear- ance at the next court. The aforefoid three minirters upon conference with the faid Mr. Eliot, brought him to acknowledge his error in that he had miftakcn the ground of his doctrine, and that he did ac- knowledge that for a peace only (whereby the people were not to be engaged in a war) the magiiirates might conclude, J O f U R N A L. 77 fhbe intonfulto, and fo prcmifed to exprefs himfelf in public ext Lord's day. One Scott and Eliot of Ipfwich were loft in their way home- wards, and wandered up and down fix days, and eat nothing ; at length they were found by an Indian being almoft fcnfelefs for want of reft. About the fame time one was 21 days upon Plumb Ifland and found by chance frozen in the fnow, yet a- live and did well. He had been miffing 20 days, and himfelf faid he had no food all that time. Was an extraordinary tempeft of wind and fnow at N. N. E. Dec. which continued 24 hours, and after that fuch froft as within two days the whole bay was frozen over, but free again before night. The lectures at Bofton and Newtown returned again to their i x former courfe, becaufe the weather was many times fo tedious as people could not travel. This day after the lecture the in- habitants of Bofton met to choofe feven men who fhould divide the town lands among them. Theychofe by papers, and in their choice, left out Mr. Coddington and other of the chief men, only they chofe one of the elders and a deacon, and the reft of the inferior fort. This they did, as fearing the richer men would give the poorer fort no great proportions of land, but would rather leave a great part at liberty for new comers and for common, which Mr. Winthrop had often perfuaded them unto as belt for the town, &c. Mr. Cotton and divers others were offended at this choice, becaufe they declined the magiftrates ; and Mr. Winthrop refufed to be one upon fuch an election as was carried by a voice or two, telling them that tho for his part he did not apprehend any perfonal injury, nor did doubt of their good offering towards him, yet he was much grieved that Bofton fnould be the firft who mould make off their magiftrates, efpecially Mr. Coddington who had been always fo forward for their enlargement ; adding further reafon for declining this choice, to blot out fo bad a precedent, where- upon, at the motion of Mr. Cotton who (hewed them that it was the Lord's order among the Ifraelites to have all fuchbufi- nefs committed to the elders, -and that it had been never the* rule to have chofen fome of each fort, &c. They all agreed to go to a new eieclion, which was refered to the next lecture day. The reafon why fome were not willing that the people mould have more land in the bay than they might be likely to ufe in fome reafonable time, was partly to prevent the neglect of trade and other more neceflary employments, and partly that there 7 3 GOVERNOR W1NTHROP', 1634. there might be place to receive fach as mould come after ; fee-. V , T t ing it would be very prejudicial to the Commonwealth, if men Dec. fhould be forced to go far off for land, while others had much, and could make no ufe of it more than to pleafe their eye with it. One Abigail GifFord, widow, being kept at the charge of* the parifliof Wilfden in Middlefex near London, was fent by Mr. Ball's ihi pinto this country, and being found to be fome- times diftracted, and a very burdenfome woman, the Governor and affiflants returned her back by warrant, to the fame parilh, 1 8 in the fhip Rebecca. 22 A fail was kept by the church of Char.leftown, and Mr. Symes chofen their teacher. By a letter from Plimouth it was certified that the Dutch of Hudfon's River had been at Connecticut, and came in warlike manner to put the Plimouth men out of their houfe there, but when they ftood upon their defence, they departed, without offering any violence. n Mo. The church of Bofton kept a day of humiliation for the ab- 13 fence of their paflor and other brethren gone to England, and like to be troubled and detained there, and for that the Lord had made a breach upon them by thofe four which were drow- ed, as is before fet down : at which faft M. Cotton preached out of Numbers xxxv. 13. and one of the members taught our of that in Samuel iii. 39. Wherefore doth a living man com" plain. ? All the minifters except Mr. Ward of Ipfvvich, met at Bof- 19 ton, being requeued by the Governor and aififlants, to confi- der of thefe two cafes, i . What ought to be done if a gene- ral Governor (hould be fent out of England ? 2. Whether it be lawful for us to carry the crofs in our banners ? In the firfl cafe they all agreed that if a General Governor were fent, we ought not to accept him, but defend our lawful pofTeffions (if we were able) otherwife to avoid or protract. For the matter of the crofs they were divided, and fo defered it to another meeting. About the middle of this month, Mr. Allerton's pinnace came from the French about Port Royal ; they went to fetch the two men which had been carried by^he French i$cm Ma- chias, and to demand the goods taken. But Mr. La Tour made them anfwer, that he took them as lawful prize, and that he had authority from the King of France, who challenged all from Cape Sable to Cape Cod, wilhing them to take notice and to certify the reft of the Englifli that if they traded to the call of Peanaquid he would make prize of them, Being de- fired : JOURNAL. 79 fiied to ihcw his commiffion, he anfwered, that ,his fword was 1634- commiffion fufficient where he had ftrength fufficient to over- u -yMJ come ; where that wanted he would Ihew his commiffion. Mo. n. In the end of this month three men had their boat frozen up at Bird's- Jfland, as they were coming from Deer-Ifland, fo a* they were compelled to lodge there all night, and in the morn- ing they came over the ice to Noddle's-Ifland, and thence to Molten's point in Charleftown, and thence over the ice by Mr. Hoffe's to Bofton. At the fame time fix others were kept a week at the Governor's garden, and in the end got with their boat to Mattahan point ; for near all that time there was no open place between the garden and Bofton, neither was there any paiTage at Charleftown for two or three days, the wind about the N. W. three weeks with much fnow and ex- treme froft. About the middle of this month a promp young man, fer- Mo. 12. vant to Mr. Bellingham, pairing over the ice to Winefemitt, fell in and was drowned. Divers others fell in in that and o- ther places, but by God's providence were faved. Capt.Wiggin, Governor at Pifcat. under the Lords Say and 14 Brook, wrote to the Governor, defiring to have two men tried here who had committedfodomy with each other, and that on the Lord's day in time of public exercife. The Governor and divers of the affiftants met and confered about it, but did not think fit to try them here. A general court at Newtovvn, Mr. Hooker preached, and Mo. I. 4 fhewed the three great evils. At this court one of the deputies was queftioned for denying the magiftracy among us, affirming that the power of the Go- vernor was butminifterial, c. and had alfo much oppofed the magiflrates and ftigmatized them, and ufed many weak argu* ments againft the negative voice, as himfelf acknowledged upon record. He was adjudged by all the court to be difabled for three years from bearing any public office. One of the affiftants was called to the lower end of the table to anfwer for refufing to pay towards a rate made by the court, . and was fined 5!. which was after releafed. Mr. Endicott was called to anfwer for defacing the crofs in the enfign, but becaufe the court could not agree about the thing, whether the enfign fhould be laid by, in regard that many refiifed to follow them, the whole caufe was deferred till the next general court, and the commiffioners for military af- fairs, gave order in the mean time, that all the enftgns mould be laid a fide, &c. At So GOVERNOR WINTHROP'i 1635. At this court brafs farthings were forbidden, and mtflket bullets made to pals for farthings. A commiffioner for milita- ry affairs was eitablimed who had power of life and limb, &c, 15 Two of the elders of every church met at Sagus and fpent there three days. The occafion was that divers of the brethren of that church not liking the proceedings of the paflor, and withal making queftion whither they were a church or not, did feparate from church communion. The pallor and other bre- thren defired the advife and help of the reft of the churches, who not thinking fit to judge of the caufe without hearing the other fide, offered to meet at Sagus about it. Upon this the pallor, &c. required the feparate members to deliver their grievances in writing, which they refufing to do, the pallor, &c, wrote to ail the churches, that for this caufe they were purpcfed to proceed againil them as perfons excommunicated, and therefore defired them to (lay their journey, &C. This leu ter being read at a lecture atBollon (where fome of the elders of every church were prefent) they all agreed, with confent of their churches, to go prefently to Sagus to flay this hafty proceeding ; accordingly being met, and both parties (after much debate) being heard, it was agreed, that they were a true church, tho not conftituted at firll in due order, yet after confent and practice of a church eftate, had fupplied that de- fect, and fo all were reconciled. Mo. 2 Some of our people went to Cape Cod and made feme oil of a whale which was caft on fhore : There were three or four call up as it feems there is almoll every year. 2.6 -An alarm was raifed in all our towns, and the Governor and affiflants met at Befton, and Tent forth a fhallop to Cape Anne, to difcover what (hips were there, for the fiflierincn had brought in word to Marblehead, that two mips had been heaving upon the coafl all the day ; one of about 400 tons, and the other 350, and were gone in to Cape Anne, but it proved to be only one fliip of 80 tons, bound for Richman's iflc, and the other a fmall pinnace of 10 tons. f 30 The Governor and afliftants fent for Mr. Williams ; the, oc- cafion was for that he had taught publicly, that a magiftrate ought not to tendre kn oath to an unregenerate man, for that we thereby have communion with a wicked man in the worihip of God, and caufe him to take the name of God in vain. He was heard before all the miniiters, and very clearly confeiTed. Mr. Endicott was at firft of the fame opinion, but gave place to the teacher. Mo. 3. 6 A general court was held at Newtown,. when John Haynes Efq. was chofen Governor, Richard Bellingham Efq. deputy Governor, j 6 tl R N A L. tfi Governor, and Mr. Hough and Mr. Dummer chofen afliftants 1635. to the former ; and Mr. Ludlow the late deputy left out of the ^^^^^.j magistracy. The reafo a was partly becaufe the people woukl Me. 3. exercife their abfol^ute power, and partly upon fome fpeeches of the deputy who proteiled againlt the election cf the Governor N asvoid: for that the deputies of the feveral towns had agree.! upon the election before they came. But this was general!/ diitrufted, and the election adjudged good. Mr. Endicott was alfo left out and called in quefiion about the defacing the crofs in the enlign, and a committee was.cho- Ten, viz. every town Chofe one (which yet were voted by all the people) and the magiitrates chofe four, who taking the . charge to confider of the offence, and the cenfure due to it, and to certify the court, after one or two hours they made re- port to the court, that they found his oifence to be great, viz. ram and without difcretion, taking upc- him more authority than he had, and not feeking advice of the Court, &c.-- unwarrant- able in that he, judging the crofs to be a fin, did content him* felftohave reformed it at Salem, not taking care that other* might be brought out of it alfo ; laying a blemifti alfo upon the reft of the magistrates, aa if they would fuffer idolatry, and giving occafioa to the ftate of England, to think ill of us ; for which they adjudged him worthy admonition and to be dif- abled for one year from bearing any public office ; declining; any heavier fentcnce, becaufe they were perfuaded he did ic Out of tendernefs of confcience and not of any evil intent. Some petitions of grievances were tendered to the court iri the begining of it, but the court refufeci to hear any, or to med- dle in any caufes but making freemen, until the ebSionx -were patted. The Governor and deputy were elected by papers wherein their names were written, but the afliftants were cho- fen by papers without names, viz* the Governor propounded one to the people when they all went out and came ;u at one door, and every man delivered a paper into a hat, fuch as gave their vote for the party' named, gave in a p*per witli lome figure or fcroll in it, others gave in a blank. The new Governor in his fpeech to the peoole declared his purpofe to fpare their charge towards his allowance this year, partly in, refpe&of their love mewed towards him, and partly Tor that heobferved how much the people had been prefied lately with public charges, which the poorer fort did much groan u; . A petition was prcfered by many of Dorchefter for releaf- $2 GOVERNOR WINTHROPS 1635. trates and deputies were now cleared with full fatisfadtion to all l v ~> parties. Mo. 3. The matter of altering the crofs in tfce enfign was refered to the next meeting (the court being adjourned three weeks) it being propounded to turn it to the red and white rofe, and e- very man was to deal with his neighbours to ftill their minds, ' who flood fo ftiff for the crofs, until we mould fully agree about it,* which was expected becaufe the minifters had promifed to take prayers about it, and to write into England to have the judgement of the moft wife and godly there. The deputies having conceived great danger to our Hate, in regard that our magiftrates, for want of pofitive laws, in many cafes, might proceed according to their diicre- tions, it was agreed thai fome men mould be appointed to frame a body of grounds of laws, in refemblance of a Magnet Chart a, which being allowed by fome of the minifters, and the general court mould be received for fundamental laws. At this general court fome of the chief of Ipfvvich defired leave to remove to Quafcacunquen to begin a town there, which was granted them, and it was named Newberry. AHb Water- town and Roxbury had leave to remove whither they pleafed fo as they continued under this government. The occafion of their defire to remove was, for that all towns in the Bay be- gan to be much Itraightened by their own nearnefs to one a- nother, and their cattle being fo much increafed. 21 A Dutch fhip of 160 tons arrived at Marblehead, Capt. Hurlfton came merchant. She came from Chriftopher liland ; flie brought 140 tons of fait, and 10,000 wt. of tobacco. This Jfland lies in i8 q and is about 30 miles in compafs ; inhabited by two colonies, one F-nglifti and another French. There is in "it about 4,000 perfons, they have three Englifli churches, but the people are very wicked as this merchant (who dwelt there five years) complained. The fait is made with the fun in a watering pan half a mile from the fea. Their rain begins in September and continues till February. Mo. 4. There Arrived two Dutch mips which brought 27 Flanders mares at 34!. a mare, and three horfes, 63 heifers at izl. the leaft, and 88 fheep at 503. the iheep. They came from the Teilell in 5 weeks 3 days, and loft not one beaft or mcep. 3 There arrived alfo the fame day the James a fhip of 300 tons with cattle and paflengers which came all fafe from S. Hamp- ton within the fame time. Mr. Graves was mafter, who had 7 come every year for thefe feven years. The Lord's day there came in feven other mips, and one to Salem, and four more to the JOURNAL. 3 the mouth of the bay with (lore of paffengers and cattle. They 1635. came all within fix weeks. v~ ->y J For preventing the lofs of time and drunkenefs which fome Mo. 4. times happened, by peoples running to the (hips, and the ex- cefiive prices of commodities, it was ordered that one in each town fhould buy for all, and mould return the fame within 20 days at 5 per 100, if any came to buy in that time. But this took no good effect, for moft of the people would not buy ex- cept they might buy for themfelves, and the merchants ap- pointed could not difburfe fo much money, and the feamen were much difcontented, yet fome of them brought their goods on fliore and fold them there. A bark of 40 tons arrived fet forth with 20 fervants by Sir 16 Richard Saltonflall to go plant at Connecticut. By a letter from the Lord Say and report of divers paflengers, it was certified to us, that Capt. Mafon and others the adverfaries of this colony had built a great fhip to fend over the general Go- vernor, &c. which being launched fell afunder in the midft. [t appeared like wife by a copy of a petition lent over to us, that they had divided all this country of New-England, viz. between St. Croix in the Eait, and that of Lord Baltimore called Maryland, into twelve provinces, difpofed to twelve in England, who mould fend each ten men to attend the general Governor coming over ; but this proved not effectual, the Lord fruftrated their defign. Two carpenters going to warn themfelves in the river between Mount Woollafton and WefTagafus, where carried away with the tide and drov/ned. Mr. Graves in ths James, and Mr. Hodges in the Rebecca June 24, fet fail for the Ifle of Sable for fea-horfe which are there in great number, and wild cows. Mr. JohnRofe being call a- (hore there in the . two years iince, and making a fmaU pinnace of the wreck of his (hip, failed thence to the French upon the main, being 30 leagues off, by whom he was detain- ed prifoner, and forced to pilot them to the I (land where they had great flore of fea-horfe and cattle, and fome black foxes, and they left 17 men upon the Ifland to inha'bit it. The Ifland is 30 miles long, two miles broad in moil places, a meer fand, yet full of frefli water ponds, Sec. He law about 800 cattle fmall and great, all red, and the largefl he ever faw, and many foxes, whereof fome perfect black, There is no wood upon it, but flore of wild peafe and flags by the ponds, and grafs. In the middle of it is a pond of fait water ten mile* long, full of plaice, &c. The company GOVERNOR WINTHROP's oornpinr which went now, carried iziandmen, 2 maftiffs, a horfe and a fhallop. They returned from their voyage. They found there upon Ifland 16 Frenchmen who had wintered there, and huilt a, ' fort, and had killed fome black foxes ; they had killed alfo many of the cattle, fo as they found not above 140, and but two or three calves. They could kill but 5 fea-horfe by rcafon they were forced to travel fo far in the fand as they were too weak to flick ihem, and they came away at fuch time as they ufed to go up heights, to eat green peafe. The winter there is very cold, and the fnow above knee deep. o. 5. 8. At the general court Mr. Williams of Salem was fummon- ed and did appear. It was laid to his charge, that being un- der quellion before the magiftracy and churches for divers dan- gerous opinions, viz. i. That the magiftrate ought not to turnilh the breach of the firft table ctherwife than in fuch cafes as did diflurb the civil peace. 2. That he ought not to tendre an oath to an unregenerate man. 3. That a man ought not to pray with fuch, tho wife, children, &c. 4. That a man ought not to give thanks after the facrament nor after meat, &c. and that the other churches were about to write to the church cf Salem to admonifh him of thefe errors ; notwithftand- ing the church had fince called him to the office cf a teacher. Much debate^wae about thefe things. The faid opinions were adjudgecLby all, magiftrates and miniilers (who were defired to be prefent) to be erroneous and dangerous, and the calling of him to cfRce at that time, was judged a great contempt of authority : So in fine there was given to him and the church of Salem to confider of thefe things till the next general court, & then either to give fatisfaclion to the court, or elfe to expect the Sentence. It being profefiedly declared by the miniilers (at the requeft of the court to give their advice) that he who mould obftinately maintain fuch opinions (whereby the church might run into herefy, apoftacy, or 'tyranny, and yet the civil ma- giftrate could not intermeddle) were to be removed, and that the rthrr churches ought to requeft the magiftrates fo to do. At this court WefTagafcus was made a plantation, and Mr. IIa!I ? m.inifler and zi families with him allowed to lit down there : after called Weymouth. A plantation was likewife erect- ed ar te?r Cove, after called Kingham. 12 Mr. Luxon' arrived here in a fmall pinnace; he fiflied at the I fie of Shoals as he had done many years, and returned to fell his fifliat market, was taken in foggy weather and carried into the bay of Portroyal; and there wrecked upon a fmall Jfland JOURNAL. 85 I/land about leagues from the main ; fo he built a pinnace and came hither in her. Salem men had preferred a petition at the laft general court for fome land on Marbihead Neck, which they did challenge as belonging to their town, but becaufe they had chofen Mr. Williams their teacher while he flood under queftion of authori- ty, and fo offered contempt to the magiftrates, &c. their peti- tion was refufed till, &c. Upon this the church cf Salem wrote toother churches to admonifii the magiftrates of this as a heineous fin, and likevvife the deputies ; for which at the next general court their deputies were not received until they mould give fatisfa&ion about the letter. The wind having blown hard at S. S. W. a week before, a- Mo. 6.15,. boUt midnight it came up at N. E. and blew with fuch violence v/ith abundance of rain, that it blew down many hundreds of trees, overthrew fome houfes, drove the ihips from their an- chors. The Great Hope of Ipfwich being, about 400 tons, was driven on ground at Mr. Hoffe's point, and brought back a- gain prefently by a N. W. wind, and came on more at Charlef- town. About 8 o'clock the wind came about to N. W. very itrong,and it being then about high water, by nine the tide was fallen about three feet, then it began to flow again about one hour, and arofe about two or three feet, which was conceived to be that the fea was grown fo high with the N. E. wind, that meeting with the cbbe, it forced it back again. In this tem- peft the James of Briftol, having ico paflengers, honeft peo- ple of Yorklhire, being put into the lile cf Shoals, loft there three anchors, and fetting fail no canvafs nor ropes would hold, but me was driven within a cables length of the rocks of Pifcat. when fuddenly the wind coming to N. W. put them back to the Ifle of Shoals, and being there ready to ftrike upon the rocks, they cut out a piece of their mainfail, and weathered the rocks. In the fame tempeft a bark of Mr. All er ton's was caft away upon Cape Anne, and 2 1 perfons drowned ; among the reft one Mr. Anvey, aminifterin Wiltfhire a Godly man, with his wife and fix fmall children were drowned. None were faved but one Mr. Thatcher and his wife who \vere caft on more and preferved by a powder horn and a bag with a flint, and a goat and a cheefe caft on more after them, and a trufs of bedding and fome other neceffaries : aad the third day after a lhallop came thither to look for another fhallop which was miffing in the ftorm, andfo they were preferved : So as diets did appear a miraculous providence in their prefer vation. The general court gave Mr. Thatcher 26: 13: 4: towards Jjis lofTes, and divers good people gave him bcfides. The nun 86T GOVERNOR WINTHROP'i 1635. man was caft on more when he had been (as he fuppofed) a i.. - y IM j quarter of an hour beaten up and down by the waves, not be- Mo. 6. ing able to fwim one ilroke, and his wife fitting in the fcuttle of the bark, the deck was broke off and brought on fhore as fhe fluck in it. One of the children was then caft dead on fhore, and the reft never found. At this time a French .{hip came with commiffion from the King of France (as they pretended) and took Penobfcott a PH- mouth trading houfe, and fent away the men which were in it, i, but kept their goods and gave them bills for them, and bade them tell all the plantations as fa"r as 40 that they would come with 8 mips next year and difplant them all. But by a letter which the Capt. wrote to the governor of Plimouth, it appear- ed they had commiffion from Monf. Rofelle commander of the fort near Cape Breton, called la Havre, to difplant the En- glim as far as Pemaquid, and by it they profeffed all coutrefy to us here. Mr. Williams paftor of Salem being lick and not able to fpeak, wrote to his church a protection that he could not communicate with the churches in the Bay, neither would he communicate with them except they would firft refufe commu- nication with the reft, but the whole church was much grieved herewith. The Dorchefter men being fet dow at Connecticut near the Plimouth trading houfe, the Governor, Mr. Bradford wrote to them, complaining of it as an injury in regard of their pof- fcflion and purchafe of the Indians whofe right it was, and the Dutch fent home into Holland for commiffion to 4 deal with; our People at Connecticut. Sfpt. i. At this general court was the firft grand jury, who prefented above 100 offences, and among others, fome of the magif- trates. At this court Mr. Endicottmade a proteftation in juf- tification of the letter formerly fent from Salem to the other churches againft the magiftrates and deputies, for which he was committed, bat the fame day he came and acknowledged his fault and was difcharged. Divers lewd feavants (viz. fix) ran away and ftole a fldfr* and other things. A commiffion was granted at the general court to Capt. Tralk to fetch them and other fuch from the Eaftward. He purfued them to the Ifle of Shoals, and fo to Pifcat. where, in the night he furprifed them in a houfe, and brought them to Bofton. At next court they were feverely whipped, and ordered to pay all charges. At this court there was granted to Mr. Buckly and Merchant, and about 1 2 more families to begin a town at Mulketaquid for which they were JOURNAL. were allowed fix miles upon the river and to be free from pub- lic charges three years, and it was named Concord. A town was alfo began above the falls of Charle's river. At the Dutch plantation this fummer a ihip's long boat was overfet with a gull, and five men in her who got upon the keel and were driven to fea four days, in which time three of them dropt off and were drowned 5 and the 5th day the 4th being fore beaten and parched with hunger and third, wilfully- fell off and was drowned. Soon after the wind came up at S. E, and carried the boat with the 5th man to the Long-Ifland, and being only able to creep on more, he was found by the Indians andpreferved. He was grown very poor and almoft fenfelefs with hunger and watching, and would fay that he faw fuch and fuch come to give him meat, &c. The Plimouth men had hired the Great Hope to go to dif- plant the French and regain their pofteflion at Penobfcott. The matter Mr. Grig was to have for it 200! . they fent her back with him and about 20 men, but when they came they found the French had notice, and had fo flrongly entrenched them- felves, (being 18) as having fpent near all their powder and fhot, the bark left the fhip there, and came here to advife with us what furthor to do ; for they had lately loft another bark laden with corn, and could not fpare this to fend back again. The general court being affembled, agreed to aid them with jnen and ammunition, and therefore wrote to them to fend one with commiifion to treat with us about it, refolving to drive them out whatfoever it fliould coft (yet firfl to put them to bear the charge if it might be) for we faw that their neighbourhood would be very dangerous to us. The next week they fent Mr. Pierce and Capt. S to us with commiffion to treat. Four of the commiifioners gave them a meeting which grew to this iflue ; that they refufed to deal further in it othervvife than as a common caufe of the whole country, and fo to ' contribute their part. We refufed to deal in it otherwife than as their aid, and fo at their charge, for indeed we had no money in the treafury, neither could we get provifion of victuals on the fud- den for loomen which were to be employed, fo we defered all to further counfel . Two fnallops going laden with goods to Connecticut, were Mo. 8 6 taken in the night with an Eafterly ftorm, and caft away up- on Brown's Lfland, near the Gurnett's nofe, and the men all drowned. Here arrived two great mips the Defence and the Abigail, with Mr. Wilfon paftor of Boilon, and Mr. Shepard, Mr. Jones and other minifters, Ampngft others Mr. Peters paftor of GOVERNOR WINTHROP'j of the Englifa church in Rotterdam, who being perfecuted by the Engliih ambaflador who would have brought hia and other Mo. 8. churches to the Engliih difcipline ; and not having had hi* he.-ihh th^je many years, intended to advife with the miniflsrs here about his removal. There came alfo John Winthrop the younger with commiHi- on from the Lord Say, Lord Brook and divers ovh-J damental nor fcandalous, &c. to bear each with other. Mr. Peters preaching at Bofton, made an earneft re- Mo. 3. 15 queft to the church for things, i. That they would {pare their teacher Mr. Cotton, for a time, that he might go through the bible and raife marginal notes upon all the knotty places of the fcripture. 2. That a new book of might be made, to begin where the other had left. 3. That a form of church government might be drawn ac- cording to the fcripture. 4. That they would take order for employment of people, efpecially women and chil- dren, in the winter time, for he feared that idlehefs would be the vice both of church and commonwealth. Herearived a {hip called the St. Patrick, belonging to Sir Thomas Wentworth, Deputy of Ireland, one Palmer mafter. When (he came near Caftle Iftand, the Lieute- nant of the fort went aboard her, and made her ftrike her flag, which the mafter took as a great injury, and com- plained of it to the magiftrates, who calling the Lieutenant before them, heard the caufe, and declared to the mailer that he had no commiflion fo to do. And becaufe he had made them ftrike to the fort (which had then no colours aboard) they tendred the mafter fuch fatisfaftion as he defired, whtch was only this, that the Lieutenant aboard their (hip, ftiould acknowledge his error, that fo all the fhips company might receive fatisfaUon, left the De- puty fhould have been informed that we had offered that dif-curtefy to his fhip, which we had never offered to any before. 25 Henry Vane, Efq. before mentioned, was chofen Go- vernor, and becaufe he was fon and heir to a privy coun- fellor in England, the {hips congratulated his elaftion with a volley of great {hot. The next week he invited all the matters (there were 15 great {hips) to dinner. Af- ter they had dined he propounded three things to them, i . That all ftiips which fhould come after this year, ihould come to an anchor before they came at the fort, except they did fend their boat before and did fatisfy the com- mander that they were friends. 2. That before thvjy of- fered any goods to fale they would deliver an invoice, and give the Governor, &c. 24 hours liberty to refufe, &c. 3. That their men might not ftay on fhore (except upon necefiary bufinefs) after funfet. Thefe things they wil- lingly condescended unto. Mr. Hooker, paftor of the church of Newtowrij and the ^IV: VS V'/ ] O V R^.VA^L; v5j/\ lot the reft of his congregation, went to Conne&icut ; his 1636. wife was carried in a horfe litter, and they drove 160 cat- tle, and fed of their milk by the way. The laft winter Capt. Mafon died. He was the chief mo\ r erin all attempts againft us, and was to have fent the General Governor, and for this end was providing (hip- ping. But the Lord in mercy taking him away, all the Dufmefs fell on fleep, fo as fhips came and brought what and whom they wou.ld, without any queftion or con- troul. Divers of the (hips this fpring, both out of the Downs and from Holland, came in five weeks. Mr. Ball his {hip went from hence to England the i6th of January, and faw land there in 1 8 days. One Miller, matter's mate in the He&or, fpake to fome of our people aboard his fhip, that becaufe we had not the King's colours at our fort, we were all traitors and rob- bers, &c. The Governor fent for the matter, Mr. Feme, and acquainted him with it, who promifed to deliver him to us : whereupon we fent the marfhall and four ferjeants to the fiiip for him, but the mafter not being aboard, they would not deliver him ; whereupon the matter went him- felf and brought him to the court, and the words being proved againft him by two witneffes, he was committed. The next day the matter to pacify his men who were in a great tumult, requefted he might be delivered to him, and did undertake to bring him before us again the day after, which was granted him, and he brought him to us at the time appointed. Then in the prefence of all the reft of the matters, he acknowledged his offence, and fet his hand to a fubmiflion, and was difcharged. Then the Governor defired the matters that they would deal freely, and tell us if they did take any offence, and what they required of us. They anfwered, that in regard they fhould be examined upon their return, what colours they faw here, they did defire that the King's colours might be fufpended at our fort. It was anfwered that we had not the King's colours. Thereupon two of them did of- fer them freely to us. We replied, that for our part we were fully perfuaded that the crofs in the enfign was idol- atrous, and therefore might not fet it in our enlign, but becaufe the fort was the King's, and maintained in his name, we thought that his own colours might be fufpend- <"d there, fo the Governor accepted the colours of Capt. 1'almcr, and promifed they fhould be fet up at Cattle Ifiand. 102 ; : CDVERN.OR WiNTHROP's 1636. We had conferred over night with Mr. Cotton, &c. a- * v ^ bout the point. The Governor, and Mr. Dudley and Mr. Cotton, were of opinion, that they might be fet up at the fort upon this diftinclion, that it was maintained in the King's name. Others not being fo perfuaded, an fwered, that the Governor and Mr. Dudley, being two of the council, and being perfuaded of the lawfulnefsj &c. might ufe their power to fet them up : fome others being not fo perfuaded, could not join in the aft, yet would not oppofe, as being doubtful, &c. Mo. 5. 2 The Governor, &c. went to Salem. Many (hips be- ing ready at Natafcott to fet fail, Mr. Peters went down and preached aboard the Hc&or, and the {hips going forth . met with an Eafl wind, which put them in again, where- upon he flayed and kept the fabbath with them. 5 Mr. Buckly, and Mr. Jones, two Englifh mimflers, appointed this day to gather a church at Newtown, to fettle at Concord. They fent word three days before, to the Governor and Deputy, to deftre their prefence, but they took it in ill part, aed thought not fit to go, becaufe they had not come to them before, to acquaint them with their purpofe. 20 Jo. Gallop with one man more, and two little boys comming from Connecticut in a bark of 20 tons, intend- ing to put in at Long I Hand to trade, and being near the mouth of the harbour, was forced by a fadden change of the wind, to bear up for Block luand or Fifhers Ifland, ly- ing before Naraganfett, where they efpied a fmall pin- nace, which drawing near unto they found to be Mr. Oldham's (an old planter, and a member of Watertown congregation, who had been long out a trading, having with him only two Englifh boys, and two Indians of Na- raganfett) fo they hailed them, but had no anfwer, and the deck was full of Indians (14 in all) and a canoe was gone from her full of Indians and goods: whereupon they fufpefted they had killed Jo. Oldham, and the rather becaufe the Indians let flip and fet fail, being two miles from fhore, and the wind and tide being off the fhore of the I (land, whereby they drove toward the main at Na- raganfett. Whereupon they went ahead of them, and having but two pieces and two piftols, and nothing but duck (hot, they bear up near the Indians, who ftood rea- dy armed with guns, pikes and fwords, and let My among them, and fo galled them that they all got under hatches. Thti they flood off *g*in. and returning witfc a good gale/ JOURNAL. 103 gale, they ftcmed her upon the quarter and almoft over- 1636. fet her, which fo frightened the Indians as fix of them v -^ leaped overboard and were drowned : yet they durfl not board her, but flood off again, and fitted their anchor, fo as (lemming her the fecond tim, they bored her boom through with their anchor,and fo (licking faftto her, they made divers fhot through her (being but inch board) and fo raked her fore and aft, as they mud needs kill or hurt fome of the Indians, but feeing none of them come forth, they got loofe from her and flood off again, then four or iive of the Indians leaped into the fea and were likewife drowned ; fo there being now but four left in her, they boarded her. whereupon one Indian came up and yield- ed ; him they bound and put into the hold, then another yielded, whom they bound, but Jo. Gallop being well acquainted with their fkill to untie themieives, if two of them were together, and having no place to keep them, affunder, he threw him bound into the fea, and looking about, they found Jo. Oldham under an old feine, his head cleft to the brains, and his hands and legs cut as if they had been cutting them off, and yet warm, fo they Fut him into the fea, but could not get to the other two ndians who were in a little room underneath with their fwords, fo they took the goods which were leFt, and the fails, and towed the boat away, but night coming on, and the wind rifing, they were forced to turn her off, and the wind carried her to the Naraganfett (hore, The two Indians which were with Mr. OldKam, and 26 one other came from Canonicus the chief fachem of Na- raganfett, with a letter from Mr. Williams to the Gov- ernor, to certify him what had befallen Mr. Oldham, and how grievfrufly they. were afflifted, and that Miantonimoh was gon with 17 canoes and 20 men to take revenge. But upon examination of the Indian who was brought prifoner to us, we found that all the fachems of the Na- raganfett, except Conanicus and Miantonimoh, were the contrivers of Mr. Oldham's death ; and the occafion was becaufe he went to make peace andtraeje with tha Pekod* lad year, as is before related. The prifoner faid alfo, that Mr. Oldham's two Indians we re acquainted With it : but becaufe they were fen t as iticflengcr* from Conanicus, we would not imprilbn them. But the Governor wrote back to Mr, Williams to let the Naraganfett's know that we expected they ftiould fend us the two boys, and take revenge upon the Iflanders, and withal gave Mr. Wil- liams 104 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1636. liams a caution to look to himfelf if we ftiould have oc- * sr ' cafion to make war upon the Naraganfetts, for Block If- 28 land was under them. And the next day he wrote to Canonicus by one of thofe two Indians, and that he had fufpicion of him, yet he had fent him back becaufe he was a meffenger, but did expe& that if he fhould fend for the faid two Indians,, he fhould fend them to us to clear themfelves. Mr. Oldham'stwo boys were fent home by one of Mi- antinomoh his men, with a letter from Mr. Williams, Signifying that Miantonimoh had caufed the fachem of Niantickto fend to Block Ifland for them ; and that he had near 100 fathom of wampom and other goods of Mr. Oldham's, which fhould be referved for us, and that three of the f even which were drowned were fachems, and one of the two which were hired by the fachem of Niantick,. was dead alfo. So we wrote back to him to have the reft of thofe which were acceflbry, to be fent to us, and the reft of the goods, and that he fhould tell Co- nanicus and Miantonimok, that we held them innocent, but that fix other under fachems were guilty. Mo. 6. 3 Samuel Maverick, who had been in Virginia near twelve months, now returned with two pinnaces, and brought 14 heifers, and about 80 goats (having loft about 20 goats by the way) one of his pinnaces was about 40 tons, of cedar, built at and brought to Virginia by Capt. Powell, who there dying, {he was fold for a fmall * matter. There died in Virgipia (by his relation) this laft year, above 1800, and corn was there at twenty (hillings the bufhel, the moft of the people having lived a great time of nothing but purflain, &c. It is very ftrange what was related by him and many others, that above 60 miles up James river, they dig no where but they find the ground full of oyfter fhells, and fifties bones, &c. yet he affirmed that he faw the bone of a whale taken out of the earth (where they digged a well) 18 feet deep, Lieut. Edward Gibbons, and John Higginfon, with Cutthamckin thefagamore of Maflachufetts, were fent to Canonicus, to treat with him about the murder of Jo. Oldham. 13th. They returned, being very well accept- 13 ed and good fuccefs in their bufinefs. They obferved in the fachem much ftate, great command over his men, and marvelous wifdom in his anfwers, and the carnage of the whole treaty, clearing hirnfclfand his neighbours of the murder, JOURNAL. 105 itiurder, and offering afliflance for revenge of it, yet upon 1636. very fafe and wary conditions. v - v ' The Governor and Council having lately affembed the reft of the magiflrates and mimfters, to advife with them 25 about doing juftice upon the Indians for the death of Mr. Oldham, and all agreeing tnat it fhpuld be attempted with expedition, did this day fend forth 90 men, diftributed to four commanders, Capt. John Underbill, Capt. Natha- niel Turner, enfign Jenyfon, and enfign Davenport, and over them all as General, Jo. Endicott, Efq. one of the afliflants was fent. They were embarked in three pin- naces, and carried two fhallpps and two Indians with them. They had commiflion to put to death the men of Block Ifland, but to fpare the women and chihlr.cn, and to bring them away and to take podeflion of the Ifland. From thence to go to the Pequods to demand the murder- ers of Capt. Stone, and other Englifh, and i.ooo fathom of wampom for damages, and Tome of their children for hoftages, which if they fhould refufe, they were to obtain it by force. No man was impreffed for this fei vice, but all went volunteers. Miantonomoh fachem of Ptfaraganfett, fent a mefienger 26 to us, with a letter from Mr. Williams, to fignify to us- that they had taken one of the Indians who had broken prifon, and was efcaped away, and had him fafe for us when we would fend for him (we had before fent to him for that end) and the other being alfo of Block Uland, he had fent away, not knowing, as it fee tne.d,. that he had been our prifoner, according to their promife that they would not entertain any of that Ifland which fhould come to them. But we conceived it was rather in love to him, for he had been his fervant formerly. We fent for the two Indians, one was fent us, the other was dead before the meffengers came. f . A fhip of 120 tons was built at Marblehead and called the Defire. . At a general court a levy was made of*.i2oo to pay 7ber. 8 the country's debts. The trade of beaver and wampom was to be farmed, and all others retrained from trading. A new church was gathered at Dorcheftcr, with appro- 23 bation of the magiflrates and elders, &c. John Endicott, Efq. and four Captains under him, with 24 20 men a piece, fet fail. They arrived at Block Ifland the laft of the fame. The wind blowing hard at N.E. there O went . 6 GOVERNOR WIN THRO ?'s 1636. went fo great a furf as they had much to do to land ; and about 40 Indians were ready upon the fhore to en- tertain them with their arrows, which they (hot off at our men, but being armed with croflets, they had no hurt, on- ly one was lightly hurt upon his neck, and another near his feet. So foon as our men were leaped on fhore, they fled. The Iflandis about ten miles long, and four broad, full cf fmall hills, and all overgrown with brufh wood of oak, no good timber on it ; fo as they could not inarch but one file and in the narrow paths. There were two plan- tations three miles in funder, and about 60 wigwams, fome very large and fair and about 200 acres of corn, fome ga- thered and laid on heaps, and the reft {landing. When they fpent two days in fearching the Ifland and could not find the Indians, they burnt the wigwams and all their matts and fome corn, and ftaved feven canoes and depart- ed. They could not tell what men they killed, but fome were wounded and carried away by their fellows. Then they went to the mouth of Connecticut where they lay wind-bound four days, and taking thence 20 men and two fhallops, they failed to the Pequot harbour, where an In- dian came to them in a canoe, and demanded what they v/ere and what they would have. The general told him he came from the governor of Maffachufetts, to fpeak with their fachems. He told him. Saffacus was gone to Long-Ifland. Then he bad him go tell the other fachems, andfo he departed, and in the mean time our men land- ed, but with much danger, if the Indians had made ufe of. their advantage, for all the fhore was high ragged rocks. Then the meffenger returned, and the Indians began to gather about our men 'till there were about 300 of them, and fome four hours had parted while the meffenger went to and fro, bringing ftill excufes for the fachems not com- ing ; at lengtbuhe General told the meflenger and the reft of the Indians near,the particular* of his commiflion, and fent him to tell the fachem if he would not come to him, nor yield to thofe demands, he would fight with them. The meffenger told him the fachem would meet him. if our men would lay down their .arms, as his men fhould their bows. When the General faw they did but dally to gain time, he bid them be gone and ihift for themfelves, for they had dared the Engliih to come fight with them, and now they were ceme for that purpofe. Whereupon they all withdrew Some of our men would have made a {hot at them, but the General would not fuffet them : but when j O U R N A I.. 10; when they wer- gone outofmufket (hot he marched af- 1636. ter them fuppofmg they would have flood to it a while, as thev did to the Dutch ; but they all fled and fhot at our men from the thickets and rocks, but did us no harm. Two of them our men killed, and hurt others. So they marched up to their town and burnt all their wigwaras and matts, but their corn being {landing, they could npt. fpoil it. At night they returned to their veitels, and the next day they went a Chore on the weft fide of the river and burnt all their wigwams and fpoiled their canoes, and fo let fail and came to the Naraganfett where they landed their men, and the 14th of September they came all fafe to Bofton, which was a marvellous providence of God, that not a hair fell from the head of any of them, nor any fick or feeble perfon among them. As they came by Naraganfett, Cutfhamakin an Indian who went with them for an interpreter, who being armed with a croflet and a piece, had crept into a Swamp and killed a Pequot, and having flead off the fkin of his head, he fent it to Canonicus, who prefantly fent it to all the fachems about him, and returned many thanks to the Englifh, and fent four fathom of wampom to Cutfliamakin. The foldiers who went were all volunteers and had only their victuals provided, but demanded no pay. The whole charge of the voyage came to about 200!. The, feamen had all wages. The Naraganfett men told us after, that 13 of the Pe- quots were killed, and 40 wounded ; and but one of Block Ifbnd killed. At the lafl general court orJer was taken to reftrain the trade with the Indians, and the Governor and Coun- cil appointed to lett it to farm, for a rent to be paid to the treafuiy. The inhabitants of Boflon, who had taken their farms and lots at mount Woollafton. finding it very burdenfome to have their bufinefs fo far off, defired to gather a church there; many meetings were about it. The great lett was, in regard it was given to Boflon for upholding the town and church there, which end would be fruftrated by the removal of fo many chief men as would go thither. For helping of this it was propounded that fuch as dwelt there, (hould pay fix pence the acre yearly for fuch land as lay within a mile of the water, and three pence for that which law further .off. A fhip of Barnftable arrived here with 80 heifers. An- other ? 8 GOVERNOR WIN THRO Ps 1636. other from Briftol arrived a fortnight after, -with _ T _' fome cattle, and paffengers at Pif-cat: for Sir Ferdinand Gorges his plantation at Aquawaticus. Canonicus fent us word of fome Englifh whom the Pe- quods had killed at Say-Brook, and Mr. Williams wrote that the Pequods and Naragariletts were at war, and that Miantonomoh told him that the Pequods had laboured to perfuade them that the Englifh were minded to deflroy all the Indians. Whereupon we fent for Miantonomoh to come to us. Another windmill was erefted at Bofton, and one at Charleftown, and a watermill at Salem, anotker at Ips- wich, and another at Newbury. After Mr. Endicott and our men were departed from the Pequod, the 20 men of Say-brook lay wind bound there, and went to fetch fome of the Indians corn, and having fetched every man one fack full to their boat they returned for more, and having loaded themfelves, the Indians fet upon them, fo they laid down their corn and gave fire upon them, and the Indians (hot arrows at them, The place was open for the diftanee of mufket (hot, and the Indians kept the covert, fave when they ran forth a- bout ten at a time, and difcharged their arrows. The Englifh put themfelves into-a ftngl : e file, and fome ten on- ly (who had pieces that could reach them) fhot, and the others ftood ready to keep them from breaking in upon our men. So they continued the moft part of the after- noon. Our men killed fome of them (as they fuppofed) and hurt others ; and they fhot only one of ours, and he was armed, all the reft being without arms. He was fhot ^ thro* the legs. Their arrows were all fhot compafs, fo as our men ftanding fingle, could eatily fee and avoid them, and one was employed to gather up their arrows ; at la(i they emptied their facks, and retired fafe to their boat. About two days after five men of Say-brook, went up the river about four miles to fetch hay in a meadow on Pequot fide ; the grafs was fo high as fome Pequots being hid in it, fet upon our men, and one that had hay on his back they took, the others fled to their boat, One of them having five arrows in him (but yet recovered). He who was taken was a godly young man, called Butter- field (whereupon the meadow was named Butterfield neadow) About fourteen days afterrfix of Say-brook )eing fent to keep the houfein their cornfield about two oniles from the fort, three of them went forth on fowling (whkh J O U R N A L. 109 (which the Li?ut. had ftrilly forbidden them) two had pieces, and the third only a fword. Suddenly about 100 Indians rofe out of the covert and fhot upon them, the man who had the {word broke thro' them, and received only two fhot, not dangerous, and efcaped to the houfe, Which was not a bow fhot off, and perfuad?d the other two to follow him, but they flood fHll 'till the Indians came and took them, and carried them away with their pieces : foon after they burnt down the faid houfe and fome outhonfes and hayftacks within a bow fhot of the fort, and killed a, cow and fhot divers .others, but they all came home with the arrows in them. Miantono'noh the fachcm of Naraganfctt, being fcnt g^ for bv the Governor, came to Boflon with two of Canon- icus' fonsaml ar,other fachem and near 20 fanops. Cut- fhamakin gave us notice the day before. The Governor fent 20 muficetteers to meet him at Roxbury : he came to Boiron ab-jut nocn. The Governor' had called toge- ther moft of the magiftrates and. miniflers, to give coun- tenance to our proceedings, and to advife with them a- bout the terms of peace. It was dinner time and the fachems and their council dined hy themfelves in the fame room where the Governor dined, and their. fanops were fent to the inn. After dinner, Miantonomoh declared what he had to fay to us in proportions which were to this effe&. That they had always loved the Englifh and defired firm peace with us That they would continue in war with the Pequods and their confederates 'till they were fub- dued, and defired we fhould fo doThey would deliver our enemies to us. or kill them That if any of theirs fliould kill our cattk. that we would not kill them, but caufe them to .make fatisfa&ion That they would now make a firm peace, and two months hence they would fend us a prefent. The Governor told them they fhould have anfwer the next morning. In the morning we met again, and concluded the peace upon the articles underwritten, which the Governor fub- fcribed, and they alfo fubfcribed with their marks, and Cutmamakin alfo. But becaufe we could not well make them underfland the articles perfectly, we agreed' to fend a copy of them to Mr. Williams who could boft inter- pret them to them. So after dinner they took leave, and were conveyed out of town by fome mufketceis and d,if- miffed with a volley of {hot, TH* - 110 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1636. THE ARTICLES. 1. A firm peace between us and our friends of other plantations (if they conferit) and their confederates (if they will obferve the articles) and our pofterity. 2. Neither party to make peace with the Pequods with- out the others confent. 3. Not to harbour &c. the Pequods. 4. 'To put to death or deliver over murderers. 5. To return our fugitive fervants. 6. We to give them notice when we go againftthe Pe- quods, and they to fend us fome guides. 7. Free trade between us. 8. None of them to come near our plantations during the wars with the Pequods, without fome Engliftiman or known Indian. 9. To continue to the pofterity of both parties. The Governor of Plimouth wrote to the Deputy that we had occafioned a war by provoking the Pequods, and no more, and about the peace with the Naraganfetts. The Deputy took it ill (as there was reafon) and returned aufwer accordingly, and made it appear, i. That there was as much done as could be expefted, confidering they fled from us, and we could not follow them in our ar- mour, neither had any to guide us in their country. fc. We went not to make war upon them, but to do juf- ilice &c. and having killed 13 of them for 4 or 5 which they had murdered of us, and deftroyed 60 wigwams &c. we were not much behind with them. 3. They had no caufe to glory over us when they faw that they could not fave their houfes and corn from fo few of ours. 4. If we had left but 100 of them living, thofe might have done us as much hurt as they have or are likely to do. 5. It was very likely they would have taken notice of our ad- vantage againft them, and would have fitten (till, or have fought peace, it God had not deprived them of common reafon. About the middle of this month Jo: Tilley mafter of a bark, coming down Connecticut river, went on fiiore in a canoe three miles above the fort to kill fowl, and having (hot off his piece many Indians arofe out of the covert and took .him, and killed one other who was in the canoe. This Tilley was a very (lout man, and of great underftanding. Thev cut off his hands and fent them be- fore, and after, cut off his feet. He lived three days af- ter his hands were cut off, and themfclves corifefled that ".''> J 'o U' R N A L. 11 he was a (lout man becaufe he cried not in all his. Lor- 1636. ture. -v _ v About this "time two houfes were burnt and all the goods in them to a great value ; one was one Sharve's at Watertown, and the other one Jackfon's at Salem, both profeflbrs, and Sharve the day before, admitted of the former church. This was very obfervable in Sharve, that he concealed his eftate. and made {hew as if he had been poor, and went not clear of forne unrighteous paffages. One Mrs. Hutchinfon a member of the church of Bof- ton, a woman of a ready wit, and bold fpirit, brought over with her two dangerous errors, i. That the periort of the Holy Ghoft dwells in a juftificd peifon. 2. That no fan&ification can help to evidente to us dur juftiEca- tion. From the fe two grew many branches : as i. Our union with the Holy Ghoft, fo as a chriftian remains dead to every fpiritual a&ion and hath no gifts nor graces other than fuch as are in hypocrites, nor any other ian&ifi cati- on but the Holy Ghoft himfelf. There joined with her in thefe opinions a brother of her, one Mr. Wheelwright, a filenced minifter foinetime in England. The other minifters in the Bay hearing of thefe things 2 ^ came to Bofton at the time of the General Court, and en- tered conference in private* with thrm, to the end they might know the certainty of thefe things, that if need were, they might write to the church of Bofton about them, to prevent if it were poflible, the danger which feemed hereby to hang over that and the reft of the churches. At this conference Mr. Cotton was prefent and gave fatisfaciion to them,fo as he agreed with them all in the points of fanftification, and fo did Mr. Wheelwright; fo as they all did hold that fanftification did help to evi- dencejuftification. Th fame he had declared plainly in public divers times, but for the indwelling of the perfon of the Holy Ghoft he held that ftill, but not very man with the perfon of the Holy Ghoft fo as to amount to a perfonal union. Mr. Cotton being requefted by the general court with feme other minifters, to aflift fome of the magiftrates in compiling a body of fundamental laws, did,. this court, prefent a model of Mofes his judicials compiled in an ex- ,aft method, which were taken into further confidcration 'till the next general court. Some of the church of Bofton being of the opinion of 30 Mrs. a GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 636. Mrs-. Hutchinfon. had laboured to have Mr. Wheelwright be called to be a teacher there. It was propounded the laft Lord's day, and was moved again this day for refolu- tion. One of the church ftood up and faid he could not confent &c. his reafon Wd.s, becaufe the church being well furniihed already with able minifters whofe fpirils they knew, and whofe labours God hath blelTed in much love and fweet peace, he thought it not fit (no neceflity urging) to put the welfare of the church to the leaft hazard, as hfc feared they ihould do, by calling in one whofe fpirit ihey knew not, and one who feemed todiifent in judgment, and in (lanced in two points which he delivered in a late ex- ercife there, i. That a believer was more than a crea- ture. 2. That'the perfon of the Holy Ghoft and a be- liever were united. Hereupon the Governor fpake, That he marvelled at this, feeing Mr. Cotton had lately approved his do&rine. To this Mr. Cotton anfwered, that he did not remember the firfh, and delired Mr. Wheel- wright to explain his meaning. He denied not the points, but (hewed upon what occaficn he delivered them. Whereupon there being an indication to make a recon- ciliation, the firfl replied, that altho' Mr. Wheelwright and himfelf might likely agree about the points, and tho' lie thought reverendly of his godlinefs and abilities fo as he could be content to live under fuch a miniftry, yet feeing he was apt to raife doubtful difputaiidas he could not confent to choofe him to that place ; whereupon the church gave way that he might be called to a new church to be gathered at Mount Woollafton, near Braintree. Divers of the brethren took offence at the faid fpeech a- gainft Mr. Wheelwright : whereupon the fame brother Ipake ih the congregation the next day to this effet That hearing that fome of the brethren were offended at hU iormer fpeech, and for that offences were dangerous, he was df fuous to give fatisfaUon. The offence he faid was in three things, i. For that he had charged the brother in public, and for a thing fo long fince deliver- ed, and had not'firft dealt with him privately. For this he acknowledged it was a failing. But the occafion was, that when he heard the points delivered, he took them in a good fcufc, as fpoken figuratively, feeing the whole fcope. of his doftrine was found, and favouring of the fpi- rit of God ; but hearing very lately that he was fufpefted to hold fuch opinions, it caufed him to think he fpakc HS he rueant. The ad. caufe of offence was, that in His fpeech JOURNAL; 113 fpeech appeared fome bitternefs ; For that he ar.fwercd, 1636. that they well knew his manner of fpeech. as always u - v * earned in things which he conceived to be ferious, and profefTed that he did love that brother's perfon, and did know the gifts and graces of God in him. The 3d. wai, that he had charged him to have held things which lie did not. For this lie anfwered, That he had fpoken fmce with the laid brother, and for the two points, that the believer fhould be more than a creature, and that there (hould be a perfonal union between the Holy Ghoft and a believer, he had denied to hold either of them, but by ne- ceilary confequences he doth hold them both ; for he holds (faid he) that there is a real union with the perfon of the Holy Ghoft, and then of neceffity it mud be per- fonal, and fo a believer muil be more than a creature, viz. God man, even Chrift Jefus ; for tho' in a true uni- on the two terms may flill remain the lame, as between hufband and wife, he is a man ft ill, and ihe a woman, for the union is only in fympathy and relation, yet in a real or perfonal union it is not. Now whether this were a- greeable to the doclrine of the church or not, he left to the church to judge ; hoping that the Lord would direfifc our teacher to clear thefe points fully, as he had well done in good meafure already. Withal he made this re- queft to the teacher (which he faid he here did ferioufly and affeclionately) that feeing thefe uneafinefTes grew (and fome eftrangement withal) from fome words and phrafes which were of known intention, and tended to doubtful difputation rather than to edificationj and had no footing in fcripture, nor had been in ufe in the pure ft churches for 300 years after Chrift, that for the peace of this church, they might be forborn (he meant perfon of the Holy Ghoft and real union) and concluded that he did not intend to difpute the matter, as not having place or calling thereunto then ; yet if any brother delired to fee what light he walked by, he would be ready to impart it to him. How this was taken by the congregation did not appear, for no man fpake to it. A day or two after, the fame brother wrote his mind fully with fuch fcnp-- tures and arguments as came to hand, and fent it to Mr. Cotton. A new church was gathered at Sagus (now Linne). qber. 8 XhjC Governor and Deputy were not there, being letted By the coming in of a fhip and other occafions. It held the company two days Mr. Whiting who was to be the P >af ii 4 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1636. paftor being very unfldlful in church matters, and thofe who were to be members, not fit for fuch a work : at laft fix were accepted with Mr. Whiting, but with much ado. A commiflion was fent out of the Chancery in England to fome private men here to examine witneffes in a caufe depending here, but nothing was done in it, nor any re- turn made. Two (hips arrived here from London, and one a week before. They were full of paffengers, men women and children. One of them had been from London 26 weeks, and between land and land 16 weeks, the other two fomething lefs time, their beer all fpent and leaked out a month before their arrival, fo as they were forced to {linking water (and that very Itttle) mixt with facke or vinegar, and their other provifions very fhort and bad, yet thro* the great providence of the Lord they came all fafe on fhore, and moft of them found, and well liking, They had continual tempefis. and when they were near the fhore (being brought two or three days with a flrong- er eaft wind) theVeather was fo thick all that time that they could not make land, and the feamen were in great perplexity when on a fudden the fog cleared, fo as they faw Cape Anne fair on their (larboard bow, and prefent- ly grew thick again, yet by their conipafs they made their harbour. There were aboard that fhip two godly mini- flers, Mr. Nathaniel Rogers and Mr. Partridge, and many good people in that and the other (hips, and we had pray- ed earneftly for them, for a fmall pinnace of 30 tons which came out with them, and wascomein three weeks feefore^brought us news of their coming. In one of the other (hips the paffengers had but ^ pint of drink fora day fourteen days together, yet thro' the Lord's mercy did all well. One of the fhips was overfet in the night ; bv a fudden gufl, and lay fo half an hour, yet righted of herfelf. Cattle Were grown to high rates, a good cow ^.25 or'| j\3O a pair of bulls or oxen .qo Corn was near at fj the bufhcl, and much rie was fown with the plow thisl year, for about 30 plows were at work. Board was at 9 and lo/the C. carpenters at 3/the day and other work accordingly. Things went not well at Connecticut, their cattle did; many of them, caft their ycung, as they had done the year before. Mo: JOURNAL. 115 Mons'r. D'Aulney Captain of Penobfcott or Pentagonett 1636. returned anfwer to the Governor's letter,wherein he pro- v *- J f'effed that they claimed no further than to Pemaquid, nor would, unlefs he had further order ; and that he fuppof- ed that the caufe why he had no order &c. was, that the Englifh embaflador had dealt effectually xvith the Cardi- nal of France for fettling the limits for our peace. The Governor Mr. Vane, a wile and godly gentleman held with Mr. Cotton and many others, the indwelling of the perfon of the Holy Ghoft in a believer, and went fo far beyond the reft, as to maintain a perfonal union with the Holy Ghoft, but the Deputy with the paftor and divers others, denied both, and the queftion proceeded fo far by difputation in writing, for the peace fake of the church, which all were tender of, as at length they could not find the perfon of the Holy Ghoft in fcripture, nor in the primitive churches 300 years after Chrift, fo that all agreeing in the chief matter of fubftance, viz. That the Holy Ghoft is God, and that he doth dwell in the believ- ers, as the father and fon both arefaid alfotodo, but whe- ther by his gifts and power only, or by any other manner of prefence, feeing the fcripture doth not declare it, it was earneftly defired that the word perfon might be forborn, being a term of human invention, and tending to doubtful difputation in this cafe. The Governor receiving letters from his friends in Eng- i ober, land which necefTarily required his prefence there, im- parted the fame to the Council and fome others, and be- ing thereupon refolved of his return into England, called a court of deputies, to the end he might have free leave of the country &c. They being affembled in court, and himfelf declaring the neceffiry of his departure, and thofe of the council affirming the reafons to be very urgent., tho' not fit to be imparted to the whole couft, they. de- fired refpite to confider thereof 'till the morning, when one of the afliftants ufmg fome pathetical paffages of the lofs of fuch a Governor in a time of fuch danger as did hang over us, from the Indians and French, the Govern- or brake forth into tears, and profefled that howfoever the caufes propounded for his departure were fuch as did concern the utter ruin of his outward eftate, yet he would rather have hazarded all, than have gone from them at this time, if fomething elfe had not preffed him more, viz. the inevitable danger he faw of God's judgments to come upon us for thofe differences and diifcnftoAS which he, faw n6 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1636. faw amongft us, aridthefcandalous imputation brought up- v v ' on himfelf, as if he ihould be the caufe of all ; and there-? }ober. fore he thought it bell for him to give place for a time &c. Upon this the court concluded thar it. would not be fit to give way to his departure upon thofe grounds. Where- upon he recalled hirafelf, and profelfed that the reafons concerning his own eftate were fufTv.ient to his own fa- tisfa&ion for his departure, and therefore deiired the court he might have leave to go. As for the other paffage, it (lipped him out of his paflion, and not out of judgment. Upon this the court contented filently to his departure. Then the queftion was about, fupply of his place. Some were of opinion that it fhould be executed by the deputy, but this fcruple being caft in, that if the deputy fhould die, then the government would be vacant, and none have power to call any court, or prelide there- in &c. it was agreed to call a ourt of election for a new Governor and Deputy, in the cafe the prefent Deputy fhould be chofen Governor, and an order was made (in regard f the feafon) that fuch as would, might fend their votes by proxy, in papers fealed up and delivered to the deputies, and fo this court was adjourned four days, and two days after the court of eleftion was to aifemble. Thefe things thus palled, divers of the congregation of Bofton met together, and agreed that they did not appre- hend the necefnty of the Governor's departure upon the reafons alledged, and fent fome of them to declare the fame to the court, whereupon the Governor expreffed himfelf to be an obedient child to the church, and there- fore notwithstanding the licence of the court, yet without the leave of the church he durft not go away. Where- upon a great part of the court and country who under- ftood thereof, declared their purpofe to continue him ftill in his place, and therefore fo foon as the day of eleftion. came, and the country were affembled, it was thought the beft wav for avoiding trouble &c. not to proceed to elec- ' tion. but to adjourn the court to the great general court in May. and fo the court of deputies continued ftill, for the Other court was not called. At this court tiie eiders of the churches were called to advife with them about dH-continuing and pacifying the differences among the churches in points of opinion. The Governor having declared the occafion to them, Mr. Dudlev denred that men would be free and open &c. An- otiaer of the magistrates fpake, that it would much further the JOURNAL. 117 the end they came for, if men would freely declare what 1636. they held different from others, as himfelf would freely do, in what point foever he fhould be oppofed. The Go- vernor faid that he would be content to do the like, but that he underftood the minifters wer-: about it in a church way, which he fpake upon this occafion the minifters had met a little before, and had drawn into heads all the points wherein they fufpefted Mr. Cotton did differ from them, and had propounded them to him, and prefled him to a direct anfweraff: or neg : to every one, which he had promifed and taken time for. This meeting being fpoken of in the court the day before, the Governor took great offence at it, as being without his privity, which this day Mr. Peters told him as protimely of, with all due rever- ence, and how it had facMened the minifters fpirits that he fhould bejealeus of their meetings, or feem to reftrain their liberty. The Governor excufed his fpeech as fud- den l andupon a miftake. Mr. Peters told him alfo, that within lefs than two years fince the churches were in peace. The Governor anfwered, that the liberty of the gofpel brings a fword, and the children of the bondwo- men would perfecute thofe of the free woman. Mr. Pe- ters alfo befought him humbly to confider his hafty and fhort experience in the things of God, and to beware of peremptory conclufioris, which he perceived him to be very apt unto. He declared further, that he had obferv- ed both in the low countries and here, three principal caufes of new opinions and divifions thereupon, i. Pride new notions lift up the mind &c. 2. Idlenefs. 3. Mr. Wilfon made a very fad fpeech of the condition of our churches, and the invoidable danger of feparation if thofe differences and alienations among brethren were not fpeedily remedied, and laid the blame upon thofe new opinions rifen up amongft us, which all the magiftrates except the Governor and two others did confirm, and all the minifters but two. In this difcourfe two queftions arofe about fanftification. Mr. Cotton in his fermon that day had laid down this ground, that evident fan&ification was an evidence of juftification, and hereupon had taught that in cafes offpecial defertion, true de fires of fanftifi- cation was found to be fanftification, and further, if a man were laid fo flat upon the ground as he could fee no defires, but only as a bruifed reed did wait at the feet of Chrift, yet here was matter of comfort, for this was found to be true The queftion here grew whether any of thefe 8 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1636. thefe, or evident fan&ification could be evidence to a man * J without a concurrent light of his juftification. TheGo- icber. vernor and Mr. Cottton denied it. The fpeech of Mr. Wilfon was taken very ill by Mr. Cotton an4 ethers of the fame church, fo as he and divers of them went to admonilh him. But Mr. Wilfon and ibme others, could fee no breach of rule feeing he was called by the court about the fame matter with the reft of the elders, and expected to deliver their minds freely and faithfully both for difcovering the danger and the means to help ; and the things he fpake of were only in general and fuch as were under a common form : And being queftioned about his intent, he profeffed he did not mean Boflon church nor the members thereof, more than others. But this would not fatisfy, but they called him to anfwer publickly ; and then the Governor preffed it violently againfthim, and all the congregation except the deputy and one or two more, many of them with much bitternefs and reproaches ; but he anfwered them all with words of truth and fobernefs, and with marvellous wif- dom. It was ftrange to fee how the common people were led by example to condemn him in that which it was ve- ry probable divers of them did not underftand, nor the rule which he was fuppofed to have broken, and that fuch as had known him fo long, and what good he had done for that church, {hould fall upon him with fuch bitter- nefs for juflifying himfelf in a good caufe : For he was a very holy upright man, and for faith and love inferior to none in the country, and mod dear to all men. The teacher joined with the church in their judgment of him, not without fome appearance of prejudice, yet with much wifdom and moderation. They were eager to proceed to prefent cenfure, but the teacher {laid them from that, telling them he might not do it becaufe fome oppofcd it, but gave him a grave exhortation. One Mr. Glover of Dorchefter having laid 6olb. of gun- powder in bags to dry in the end of his chimney, it took fire, and fome of it went up the chimney, other of it filled the room and pafled out at a door into another room and blew up a gable end. A maid which was in the room, having her arms and neck naked, was fcorched, and died foon after : a little child in the arms of another was fcorched upon the face, but not killed ; two men were fcorched, but not much. Divers pieces which lay charg- ed in feveral places, took fire ana went off, but did no harm. J O U R N A L. ii 9 harm. The room was fo dark with fmoke as thofe in the houfe could neither find door nor window, and when neighbours came in none could fee each other a good time for fmoak. The houfe was thatched, yet took not fire, yet when the fmoak was gone, many things were found burnt. Another great providence was, three little children being at the fire a little before, they went out to play, tho' it were a very cold day, and fo were preferv- ed. The next day Mr. Wilfon preached, notwith {landing, and the Lord fo a {lifted him as gave great fatisfa&ion, and the Governor himfelf gave public witnefs to him. One of the brethren wrote to Mr. Cotton about it, and laid before him divers failings, (as he fuppofed) and fome rea- fons to juftify Mr. Wilion, and dealt very plainly witk him. Mr. Cotton made a very long and gentle anfwer* clearing his intentions, and perfifting in his judgment of Mr. Wilfon's offence, laying down divers arguments for it. The faid brother replied to him in like loving man- ner, and defired leave to fhew his letter to Mr. Wilfon^ which he readily aflented unto, but for anfwer to his ar- guments he forbore to reply to Mr. Cotton, becaufe he was overburdened with bufmefs, but wrote to the two ruling elders, whom the matter moft concerned, and by way of defence of Mr. Wilfon, anfwered all Mr. Cottons arguments. Upon thefe public occafions, other opinions brake out ii Mo. publicly in the church of Bofton as that the Holy Ghoft dwelt in a believer as he is in heaven : that a man is jufti- fied before he believes, and that faith is no caufe of jufti- fication. Others fpread more fee retly ; as that the letter of the fci ipture holds forth nothing but a covenant of works, and that the covenant of grace was the fpiritof the fcripture, which was known only to [believers, and that this covenant of works was given by Mofes in the tenth commandment. That there was a feed (viz. Abraham's carnal feed) went along in this, and there was a fpirit and lite in it, by virtue whereof, a man might attain to any fanlification in gifts and graces, and might have fpecial and communion with Jefus Chrift, and yet be damned. After it was granted that faith was before juf- ftification, but it was only paflive, an empty veffel &c ; but in conclufion.the ground of all was found to be af- furance by immediate revelation. All the congregation of Bofton, except four or five, clofed with thcfe opinions or 120 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1636. or the moft of them. But one of the brethren wrote a- ^ v ' gainft them, and bore \vitnefs to the truth, together with the paftorj and very few others joined with them. About this time the reft of the minifters, taking offence at fome doctrines delivered by Mr. Cotton, and efpecial- ly at fome opinions which fome of his church did broach, and for that he feemed to have too good an opinion of, and too much familiarity with thofe perfons. drew out fixteen points, and gave them to him, intreating him to deliver his judgment direcily in them, which accordingly he did, and many copies thereof were difperfed about. Some doubts he well cleared, but in fome things he gave not fatisfa&ion. The reft of the minifters replied to thefe anfwers, and at large {hewed their diflent, and the grounds thereof ; and at the next general court held the gth of the ift. they all affembled at Bofton, and agreed to put off all lectures for three weeks, that they might bring things to an ifiue. 12 Mo. S2 The Lieut, at Say-brook, at the mouth of Connecticut river, going out with nine men, armed with fwords and pieces, they ftarted three Indians whom they purfued 'till they were brought into an ambufh of 50, who came upon them and flew four of their men, and had they not drawn their fwords and retired they had been all flain. The In- dians were fo hardy as they came clofe up to them not- withftandjng their pieces. Capt, Turner's houfe in Sagus took fire by an oven a- bout midnight, and was burnt down with all that was in it, fave the perfons. About 14 days fince a (hip called the George oPBriftol, laden with cattle and paflengers, having been fome time at the Weftern Iflands, and having fpent her main maft about Cape Cod, and after, came near Brewfter's liland, was by N.W. wind forced to put into Plimouth. i Mo. 20 A general faft was kept in all the churches. The oc- cafion was themiferable eftate of the churches in Germa- ny ; the calamities upon our native country ; the bifhops making havock in the churches, and putting down the faithful minifters; and advancing popifh ceremonies and doftrines : the plague raging exceedingly, and famine and fword threatning them ; the dangers of thofe at Connec- ticut, and of ourieles alfo by the Indians, and the diffen- tions in our churches. *; The differences in the faid points of religion increafed more and more, and the minifters of both fides (there being JOURNAL; ia I being only Mr. Cotton of one part) did pubiickly d$- 1636. dare their judgment in fome of them, fo as all men's v~ y- mouths were full of them ; and there being a {hip ready to go for England, and many paflengers in it, Mr. Cot- ton took occaiion to fpeak to them about the differen r ces &c. and willed them to tell our court n men, that ail the ftrife amongft us was about magnifying the grace of God ; one part ieeking to . ' he gnce of Cod within us, and the other to adv. .<.-. ir-e grace of God towards us (meaning by the one j .(tincaiicn^ and by t.he Other fanciification) and fo bade I!M. r. c.:ii them, ihat if there were any among them that would g^tc, they fhould come hither, and fo declared fo -ne p.u ticu- lars. Mr. Wilfon fpake after him, and declared that he knew none of the elders or bi^thr<:.n oi' the churches, but did labour to advance the free grace of God in juftifica- tion,fo far as the word of God required, and i\ ake alfo about the doctrine of fanciification. and the uic and ne r ccflity of it ; by occafion whereof, no man could tell (except fome few who knew the bottom of the matter) where any difference was : which fpeec.h, tho' it offend- ed thofe of Mr. Cotton's part, yet it was very feafonable to clear the reft, who otherwife fhould have been reput- ed to have oppofed free grace. Thus every occafion in- creafed the contention, and caufed great alienation of minds ; and the members of Bofton (frequenting the lec- tures of other miniftcrs) did make much difturbance by public queftions, and objections to their doctrines which did any way difagree from their opinions. And it began to be as common here to diftinguifh between men, by be- 'ing under a covenant of grace or a covenant of works, as in other countries between proteftants and papifts. A map of Weymouth (but not of the church) fell into Feb. 6 fome trouble of mind, and in the night cried out, *' Art thoucome Lord Jefus," and with that leaped Out of his bed in his fhirt, and breaking from his wife, leaped out at a high window into the (now, and ran about feven mile* off, and being tracked in the fnow, was found dead hext morning. They might perceive that he had kneel- ed down to prayer in divers places. The General Court began. When any matter about i. q; the new opinions was mentioned, the court was divid- ed ; yet the greater number far were found. They quef- tionedthe proceeding againft Mr. Wilion, for his fpeech in the laft court, but could not faften upon fuch as had Q pre- 122 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1636. prejudiced him, but by the vote of the greater part, his N v J fpeech was approved, and declared to have been a fea- fonable advice, and no charge or aceufation. The rni- , nifters being called to give advice about the authority of the court in things concerning the churches &c. did all agree of thefe two 'things, i. That no member of the court ought to be publicly queftioned by a church for any fpeech in the court, without the licence of the court. The reafon was, becaufe the court may have fufficient rea- fon that may excufe the fin, which yet may not be fit to ac- quaint the church with, being a fecret of ftate. The fe- cond thing was, That in all fuch herefies or errors of any church member as are manifeft and dangerous to the (late, the court may proceed without tarrying for the church, but if the opinions be doubtful &c. they are firft to refer them to the church. At this court when Mr. Wheelwright was to be quef- tioned for a fermon which feemed to tend to fedition &c. near all the church of Bofton prefented a petition to the court for two things, i. That as freemen they might be prefent in cafes of judicature. 2. That the court would declare if they might deal in cafes of confcience, before the church. This was taken as a groundlefs and prefump- tuous aft, efpecially at this feafon, and was rejected with this anfwer That the court had never ufed to proceed, but it was openly: but for matter of confultation and preparation in caufes,they might, and would be private. One Stephen Green for faying that all the miniliers except A. B. C. did teach a covenant of works, was cenfured to acknowledge his fault in every church, and fined 40* Mr. Wheelwright one of the members of Bofton, preaching at the laft faft, enveighed againft all that walk- ed in a covenant of works, as he defcribed it, viz. fuch as maintain faiaftification as an evidence of juftification &c. and called them antichriftians, and ftirred the people againft them with much bicternefs and vehemence. For this he was called before the court, and his fermon being produced, he juftified it, and confeffed he did mean alo that walk in fueh a way. Whereupon the elders of thdp reft of the churches were called, and afked whether they in their miniftry did walk in fuch a way. They all ac-< knowledged they did, fo after much debate, the court; | adjudged him guilty of fedition, and alfo of contempt, for that the court had appointed the faft as a means of recon- ciliation JOURNAL. 123 ciliation of the differences &c. and he purpofely fet him- 1636. felf to kindle and increafe them. The Governor and fome t few more who diffented, tendred a proteftation, which becaufe it wholly juftined Mr. Wilfon, and con- demned the proceedings of the court, was rejected. The church of Bofton alfo tendred a petition in his behalf, juftifying Mr. Wheelwright's fermon. The court de- ferred fentence 'till the next court, and advifed with the minifters whether they might injoin his fentence. They anfwered that they were not clear in that point, but de- fired rather that he might be commended to the church of Bofton to take care of him, which accordi gly was done, and he injoined to appear at the next court. Much he^t of contention was this court between the oppofite panics, fo as it was moved that the next court might be kept at Newtown. The Governor refuied to put it to the vote ; the Deputy was loth to doit except the court would require him, becaufe he dwelt in Bofton, fo the court put it to Mr. Endicott. Miaatonomoh &c. fent 26, with 40 fathom of warn- 2i pom and a Pequod's hand. We gave four of the chief facherns a coat of io.y"price, and defeired to return our prefent 'till after, according to their manner. Thofe of Connecticut returned anfwer to our public letters, wherein they fhewed themfelves unfatisfied about Mo. our former expedition againft the Pequods, and their ex- pectation of a further profecution of the war, to which they offer to fend men, and lignify their unprepardnefs to declare themfelves in the matter of government, in re- gard of their engagement to attend the anfwer of the gen- tlemen of Say-brook about the fame matter. Capt. Underbill was fent to Say-brook with 20 men to 10 keep the fort, both in refpeft of the Indians, and efpe- cially of the Dutch, who by their fpeeches andfupplics out of Holland, gave occafion of fufpicion that they had fome defign upon it. The men were fent at the charge of the gentlemen of Say-brook, and lent by order of the council here, for fear any advantage ftiould be taken by the adverle party, thro* the weaknefs of the place. The church of Concord kept a day of humiliation at 6 Newtown, for ordination of their elders, and they chofe Mr. Bulkley teacher and Mr. Jones paftor. Upon a queftion moved by one fent from the church of Salem, it was refolved by the minifters there prefent, that fuch as had been minifters in England, were lawful minifters by 124 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's by the call of the people there, notwithftanding their ac~ o* the call of the bifhops &c, (for which they hurr r -.M'es, acknowledging it. their fin) but he- ing come lir?e. they accounted then\f elves no miltifters, until :hey v.-ere^ called by another church, and that upon el'- : * ion they were minifters before they were folemnly ordained. The Governor and Mr. Cotton, and Mr. Wheelwright and the two ruling elders of Bofton, and the reft of that church xvhich were of any note, did none of them come to this meeting, The reafon was conceived to be, be- raufe they accounted thefe as legal preachers, and there- fore would rot give approbation to their ordination. 28 Beincr about full moon, about 10 of the clock in the evening in a clear fky, a perfeft moon was feen about a flight (hot Northerly from the true moon. It was feen Jo about half an hour, and then vanifhed with dim flafh- ings : it was more dim than the true moon. a. Mr. Haynes one of our magiftrates, removed with his family to Connecticut. We received a letter from him and others being thsn at Say-brook, that the Peauods had been up the river at Wethersfield, and had killed fix men, being at their work, and 20 cows and a mare, and had killed three women, and carried away two maids. Mr. Winflow was fent from the Governor and Coun- cil of Pliraouth to treat with us about joining againft the Pequods. He fignified firft their willingnefs to aid us, but that they could not do any thing 'till their general court, which was not 'till the firft tuefday in the 4th month. Then he made fome objections, as i. Our refu- fal to aid them againft the French. 2. Our people's trading at Kenebeck. c>. The injury offered them at Connecticut by thofe f Windfor in taking away their land there. 4. Their own poverty and our ability which needed not any help from Th*vn.. To this anfwer was made by our Governor and Deputy, That i, we did not defire them to afford aid unto us, but to join againft the common enemy, who if he were not fubdued, would prove as daragerous to them as to us, and he prevailing, would Ci'-ufe all the Indians in the couirtry to join to root out ^11 the Englifh. 2. For our refufal to aid them againft the French, the cafe was not alike, for it was their pri- vate quarrel, and they were fuppofed to have commiffion from the King of France, and we thought it no wifdom for us to engage ourfelves in a war with the King of France, JOURNAL. 125 France. For our people's trading at Kenebeck we an- 1637. fwered, That we gave no allowance to it, nor had we heard of more than a boat or two that had been there. For the injury done them at Connecticut, we had dealt with them to give fatisfa&ion, but it was not in our pow- er to do them juftice in it. They alledg'd alfo that this war did not concern them, feeing the Pequods had not killed any of theirs. We anfwered, that Capt. Stone &c. for which this war was begun, were none of ours neither. They alledged further, that in our firft undertaking, they were not acquainted with it 'till two or three days before our forces were to go forth. We anfwered, we intended at thefirft. to fend only to Block IfUnd, and for that we thought if not needful to trouble them, and our fending them thence to the Pequods, was with hope to draw them to parley, and fo to fome quiet end. We concluded to write further to them from oar next court. And where- as they propounded to have us promife to aid them in all their occafions <&c. we anfwered, That feeing when we now treated with them about joining with us, they were at liberty and might withold, except they Taw reafon to move them, fo we defired to be left free, that we might judge of the reafon of any fuch eccafion as might fall out. According hereunto we wrote to them the 2Oth of the ods, but they could not be ready to meet us at the firft. There was a day ofthankfgivingkept in all the church- es for the viftory obtained againft the Pequods and for* other mercies. About this time came home a fmall pin- ,nace of 30 tons which had been forth eight months and was given for loft. She went to the Bermuda, but by ' continual tempefts was kept from hence, and forced to; bar up for the Weft-Indies, and being in great diftrefs, t arrived at Hifpaniola, and not daring to go into any in-;* habited place there, but to go on fhore in obfcure places,;; and lived of turtles and eggs &c. At laft they were forc-,r ed into a harbour where lay a French man of war with-; his prize, ar,J had furcly made prize of them alfo, butd| that the providence of God fo difpofed, as the Captain, ' one Petei fore, had lived at Pifcat: ancHcnew the mer- chant, of our bark, one Mr. Gibbons Whereupon he uied them courfeoufly, and for fuch commodities as {he carried, furnifhed her with tallow and hides, and fent v horns B.I 11 JOURNAL. ic home with her his prize, which he fold for a (mall price 1637. to be paid in N, England. He brought home an AHgarto v v which he gave the Governor. Three fhips arrived here from Ipfwich with 360 paf- 20 fengers. The laft being loth to come to anchoret Caftle Ifland, tho j hailed by the Caftle boat f arid required, the gunner made a {hot, intending to {hoot before her for a warning, but the powder in her touch hole being wet and the {hip having frefh way with the wind and tide, the fhot took place in the fhrouds and killed a paflenger an honeft man. The next day the Governor charged an inqueft, and fent them aboard with two of the magiftrates (one of them being deputed coroner) to take view of the dead body, who upon hearing all the evidences, found that he came to his death by the providence of God. The Governor went to oagus and to Salem and to Ips- 23 \vich, at all which places the men of the towns met him and guarded him from town to town (tho* notdeiired nor expe&ed by him) to fhew their refpeft to their Governor, and alfo for his Tafety, in regard it was reported the Pe- quods were come this way. He returned again the 28th, being forced to travel all the night by reafon of the heat, which was fo extreme, as divers of thofe who were new come on fhore died in their travel a few miles. Here arrived two fhips from London, the Heftor, and 26 the , In Thefe came Mr. Davenport and another minifter, and Mr. Eaton and Mr. Hopkins two merchants of London, men of fair eftate' and of great efteem for re- ligion, and wifdom in outward affairs. in the He&or came alfo the Lord Ley, fon and heir of the Earl of Marlborough, being about nineteen years of age, who came only to fee the country. He was of very fober carriage, and (hewed much wifdom and moderation in his lowly and familiar carriage, efpecially in the fhip, where he was much difrefpe&ed and unworthily ufed by the mafter, one Fearne, and fome of the palfengers, yet he bore it meekly and filently. When he came on ftiore the Governor was from home, and he took up his lodg- ing at the common inn. When the Governor returned be prefently came to his houfe ; the Governor oife: him lodging, but he refufed T faying that he came not to be troublefome to any, and the houfe where he was^ was fo well governed, that he could be as private there as elfewhere. had news of a comtniffion granted in England to div i 3 2 GOVERNOR WXNTHROP's 1637. divers gentlemen laere for the governing of New-Eng- < -v--j land &c. but inftead thereof we received a eommiflion from Sir Ferdinand Gorges to govern his province of New Somerfetfhire, which is from Cape Elizabeth to Sagada- hoc, and withal, to overfee his fervants arid private offi- cers ; which was obferved as a matter of no good difcre- tion. but palled in {ilence weexcufed our not intermed- ling &,c. becaufe bing directed to fix or five of them, and one of their riames being miftaken, and another removed to Connecticut, there were but four in the country. As alfo for that it did not appear to us what authority he had to grant fuch a commiflion, As for the commiflion from the King, we received only a copy of it, but the commiffion itfelf ftaid at the feal for want of paying the fees. The party who procured the commiflion, one George Chever, brought alfo a protection under the privy fignet for fearching out the great lake of Iracoye, and for the fole trade of beaver, and the planting of Long Ifland, by agree- ment between the Earl of Sterling Vifcount Canada and him. Thus this and other gentlemen in England get large circuits of lands in the country, and are very ready to grant them out to fuch as will become theirtenants, and to encourage them, do procure commiflions, protections &c. which coft them nothing, but will be at no charge in any right way of plantation, which fhould be by coming themfelves, or fending fome of their children &c. but now as they adventure little, fo they are fure to lofe no- thing but* their vain hope. Capt. Stoughton and his company having purfued the Pequods beyond Connecticut, and miffing of them, re- turned to Pequot tiver where they were advertifed that 100 of them were newly come back to a place fome 12 miles off, fo they inarched thither by night and furpriied them all ; they put to death 22 men, and referved two fa- chems, hoping by them fo get Safacus, which they pro- mifed. All the reft were women and children, of which they gave the Naraganfetts 30 and our Maflachufetts In- dians three, and the reft they fent hither. A pinnace returning took a canoe with four Indians near Block Ifland, we fent them to Miantunomoh to know what they were, and after we difchargedall fave one who was a Pequod whom we gave Mr. Cutting to carry into England. The JOURNAL, 133 The differencs grew fo much here as tended fad to a 1637. feparation ; fo as Mr. Vane being among others, invited v >r- by the Governor to accompany the Lord Ley at a dinner, Mo. refufed to come, alledging by letter, that his confcience witheld him. There were fent to Boflon 48 women and children, 6 there were 80 taken as before is exprefled. Thefe were diipoledofto particular perfons in the country; fome of |them ran away and were brought again by the In- dians our neighbours, and thofe men branded on the fhoulder. Ayanemoh the fachem of Niantick came to Bofton with 12 17 men. He made divers propofitions which we pro- mifed to give an anfwer unto the next day, and then un- fterftanding he had received many of the Pet[uods, fub- mitting to him fince the former defeat, we firft demanded the delivery of them, which he flicking at, we refufed further conference with him, but the next morning he came and offered what we defired. So the Governor re- ferred him to treat with our Captain at the Pequod, and wrote inftruftionsto them how to deal with him, and re- ceived his prefent of ten fathom of wampom. Pie was lovingly difmifTed with foma fmall things given him. There came over a brother of Mrs. Hutchinfon ; and fome of Mr Wheelwrights friends whom the Governor thought not fit to allow, as others, to fit down among us, without fome trial of them. Therefore to fave others from the danger of the law in receiving of them, he al- lowed them for four months. This was taken very ill by thofe of the other party, and many hot fpeeches given forth about it, and about their removal &c. Mr. Stoughton with about 80 of the Englifh, whereof 13 Mr. Ludlow, Capt. Mafon, and of Connecticut were part, failed to the weft in purfuit of Safacus &c. at Quin- epiack they killed fix and took two. At a head of land a little fhort they beheaded two fachems ; whereup- on they called the place Sachems head. About this time they had given a Pequod his life to find out Safacus. He went and found him not far off, but Safacus fufpe&ing him, intended to kill him, which the fellow perceiving, efcaped in the night, and came to the Englifh : Where- upon Safacus and Mononotto the two chief fachems, and fome 20 more fled to the Mohawks ; but 80 of the ftouteft men, and 200 others women and children were at a plac$ \vithin 2O0r 30 milesof the Dutch whither our men march- ed ; and being guided by a divine providence, came upon GOVERNOR WINTHROP's them where they had 20 wigwams hard by a molt hide- ous fwamp, fo "thick with bufhes and foquagmiry as men Mo, 6. could hardly croud into it. Into this fwamp they were all gotten. Lieut. Davenport and two or three more that entered the fwamp were dangeroufly weunded by the In- dian arrows, and with much difficulty were fetched out. Then our men furrounded the fwamp, being a mile about, and (hot at the Indians, and they at them, from 3 of the clock in the afternoon 'till they defired parley, and offer- ed to yield, and life was offered to ail that had not fhed Englifti blood. So they began to come forth, now fome and then fome, 'till about 200 women and children were come out, and amongft them the fachem of the place, and thus they kept us two hours 'till night was come on, and then the men told us they would fight it out, and fo they did all the night, coming up behind the bufhes very near our men, and (hot many arrcrws into their hats, fleves and ftoekings, yet (which was a very miracle) not one of ours wounded. When it was near morning it grew very dark, fo as fuch of them as were left crept out at one place and efcaped, being, as was judged, not above 20 at moft, and thofe like to be wounded, for in the purfuit they found fome of them dead of their wounds. Here our men gat fome booty of kettles, trays, wampona &c. and the women and children were divided, and fent fome to Connecticut and fome to the Maffachufetts. The fachem of the place having yielded, had his life and his wife and children. The women which were brought home re- ported that we had (lain in all 13 fachems, and that there were 13 more left. We had now flain and taken in ail about 700. We fent 15 of the boys and two women to Bermuda, by Mr. Pierce, but he miflin^g it, carried them to Providence Ifle. Mr. Stoughton failed with fome of his company from Pequod to Block Ifland. They came thither in the night, yet were difcovered, and our men having killed one or two of them and burnt fonie of their wigwams. -they came to parley, and (ubmittingthemfelve to become tributaries' in 100 fath. wampompeague, and to deliver any that ihould be found to .have any hand in Mr. Oldhams death, they were all received, and no more harm done them. At our general cpurtoneGreenfmith being cenfured for t. faying that all th elders except two did preach a covenant of JOURNAL, i 3 c of works &c. he did appeal to the King, but the court, 1637. notwithstanding, committed him 'till &c. v v - ^ The Lord Ley being told that one Ewre [had fpoken Mo. 6, treafon againil the King, fent for the party one Brooks, and inquiring of him, he told him that Ewre had faid a- bove twelve months before, that if the King did lend any authority hither againft our patent, he would be the firft ihould refifl him. This coming to the Governor's know- ledge, he fent for the parties, and bound them over to the general court. When they came there Brooks brought kis wife to witnefs with him, but her teflimony agreed not with his, alfo three others whom he had told it unto reported it therwife, fo at length they all agreed, and fet it under their hands, That Ewre faid that if there came any authority out of England contrary to the patent, he would withfland it. Now becaufe here was no mention of the King, and becaufe he never informed any of the magiftrates of it, and for that it was evident that he bare malice of the faid Ewre, we faw no caufe to take any o- ther of the parties informing^ (The rather becaufe them- felves did urge it, and fhe refuted long to fpeak at all, ex- cept (he might be put to her oath) nor any offence which deferved puniuhment, feeing it is lawful to refift any au- thority which was to overthrow the lawful authority of the King's patent, and fo the Governor did openly declare in the court, as justifiable by the laws of Eng- land. The Lord Ley and Mr. Vane went from Bofton to the {hip liding at Long Ifland, to go for England. At their departure, thofe of Mr. Vane's party were gathered together and did accompany him to the boat (and many to the fhip) and the men being in arms, gave him divers vollies of (hot, and five pieces of ordnance, and he had five more at the Caftle. But the Governor was not come from the court, but had left order with the captain for their honorable difmiflion. There was an old woman in Ipfwich who came out of England blind and deaf, yet her fon could make her un- derftand any thing and know any man's name by herfcnie of feeling. He would write upon her hand fome letters ef the name, and by other fuch motions would inform her ; this the Governor himfelf had tried often when he was at Ipfwich. Mr, Hooker and Mr. Stone came with Mr. Wilfon 5 from Connecticut by Providence and the fame day Mr. ' Lud- i 3 6 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1637. Ludlow,Mr.'Pincheon & about twelve more.came the or- v v ' dinary way by land, and brought with them a part of the Mo. 6. fkin and lock of hair of Safsacus ; and his brother and five other Pcquod Sachems who being fted to the Mo- hawks for fheher with their wampom, being to the value of 500 were by them furprifed and flain, with 20 of their beft men. Mononottoh was alfo taken but cfcaped wounded. They brought news alfo of divers other Pe- quods which had been flain by other Indians, and their heads brought to the Englifh, fo that now there had been flain and taken between eight and nine hundred. Where- upon letters were fent to Mr. Stoughton and the reft, to call them all home. A woman of Bofton congregation having been in much trouble of mind about her fpiritual eftate, at length grew into bitter defperation and co.uld not endure to hear of any comfort, fo as one day {he took her little infant and threw it into a well, and then came into the houfe and faid now fhe was fure fhe fhould be damned for fhe had drowned her child, but fome flepping prefently forth, fav- ed the child. See more after. Mr. Hooker and the reft of the elders meeting divers days, they agreed, with confent of the magiftrates, upon a day of humiliation to be kept in all the churches the 24th of this month, & the day for the conference tobethe3bth day. At their private meetings fme reconciliation was made between Mr. Cotton and Mr. Wheelwright and Mr. Wilfon, he profe fling that by his fpeech in the court, he did not intend the doctrine of Mr Gotten or Mr. Wheel- wright delivered in the public congregation, but fome opinions (meaning three or four) which were privately carried in Bofton and other parts of the country, and ac- cordingly Mr. Cottton declared fo much in the congre- gation the Lord's day following. And for the reft of his fpeech, it was agreed by all the elders to be inofFenfive, confidering his call thereunto by the court. This fudden change was much obferved by fome who were privy that Mr. Wilfon had profelfed as much before, both privately to the elders and publickly in the congregation, and that the faid opinions had been delivered to the elders of Bofton in writing as thofe which Mr. Wilfon in- tended. 17 Mr. Davenport preached at Bofton, it being the lefture day, out of that in i. Cor. I exhort you brethren &c. that there be no divifions among you wherein as he fully fet forth the JOURNAL. 137 the nature and danger of diforders and the divifions 1637. which were among us &c. fo he clearly difcovered hi* > v ' judgment againft the new opinions and bitter pra&ices Mo. 6 which were fprung up here. Mr. Cotton expounding that in 2. Chron : of the de- fection of the ten tribes from Rehoboam, and his prepa- rations to recover them by war, and the prophets prohi- bition &c. proved from that in Numb: 27. 21. that the rulers of the people fhould confult with the miniiiers of the churches upon occafion of any war to be undertaken, and any other weighty bufinefs, tho'.the cafe {hould feem never fo clear, as David iri the cafe of Ziglag, and thelf- raelites in the cafe of Cibeah Judges &c. The Captain and foldiers all returned from Pequod, 26 having loft but one man, and he died of a flux, and ano- ther fell fick of an old infirmity, an afthma The Indi- ans about lent in ftill trany Pequods heads and hands from Longliland and other places,, and fachems of Long Ifland came voluntarily and brought a tribute to us of 20 fathom of wampom, each of them, and Miantonomoh lent here fome Pequod fquaws which had run from us. The Naraganfetts fent us the heads of three Pequods, 31 one the chief of thole who murdered Capt. Stone. Twenty men went in a pinnace to kill fea horfe at the Ifle of Sable, and after fix weeks returned home, and could not find the ifle : but after another month, about the of September, they fet forth again with more fkilful feamen, with intent to flay there all winter.. Mrl Eaton and fome others of Mr. Davenport's company went to view Quinepiack with intent to begin a plantation there* They had many offers here and at Plimouih, and they had viewed many places, but none could content. Some of the magiftrates and miniflers of Connecticut being here, there was a day of meeting appointed to agree upon fome articles of confederation, and notice was given to Plimouth that they might join in it, but their warning was fo fliort as they could not come. This wasconclud- after. See (3) 1643. The fynod called the AiTembly began at Newtown ; 30 * there were all the teaching elders tkiro' the country, and fome were come out of England, not yet called to any place here, as Mr. Dayenport &c. The affembly began with prayer made by Mr. Shepherd the paftor of Newtown. Then the erroneous opinions which were fpread in the country were read (being Eighty in all) next the un- S whol- ! 3 8 GOVERNOR WINTH&OP's 1637. xvholfome exprefTions, then the fcriptures abufed. Then s-^ ' they chofe two moderators foi the next day, viz. Mr. Mo. 6. Buckly and Mr. Hooker, and thefe were continued in that place all the time of the aflembly. There were about eighty opinions fome blafphemous, others erro- neous, and all unfafe condemned by the whole aflem- bly ; whereto near all the elders, and others fent by the churches, fubfcribed their names, but fome liked not fubfcription, tho' they confented to the condemning of them. Some of the church of Boflon, and fome others were offended at the producing fo many errors, as if it were a reproach laid upon the country without caufe, and called to have the perfons named which held thofe errors. To which it was anfwered and affirmed by many, both elders and others, that all thofe opinions could be proved, by fufHcient teftimony, to be held by fome in the country, but it was not thought fit to name the peifons, but GOC- trines only. Yet this would not fatisfy fome, but they often called for witnefles ; and becaufe fome of t *e ma- giftrates declared to them (when they refufed to forbear fpeech unfeafonably, tho 5 the moderators dtfired them) that if they would not forbear it would prove disturbance, and then the magiflrate mufl interpofe they objected a- gainft this, as if the magiftrate had nothing to ao in this aflembly. So as he was forced to tell one of them, that if he would not forbear, but make trial of it, he might fee it executed. Upon this fome of Boflon departed from the aflembly> and come no more. After the errors condemned, there were five points in queftion between Mr. Cotton and Mr. Wheelwright on the one part, and the reft of the elders on the other part ; and thofe after, put into fuch expre (lions, as Mr. Cotton and they agreed, but Mr. Wheelwright did not. 1. The ift. was about our union with Chrift. The cjueftion was whether we were united before we had ac- tive faith ? The confent was that there was no marriage union with Chrifl before aciual faith, which is more than habitual. 2. The nd. was. about evidencing juftification. The confent was, That iome laving fgn&ification (as faith &c.) was cocxiflent, concurrent, and coapparent (or at leaft might be) with the witnefs of the fpirit always. 3. That the new creature is not the perfon of a believ- er,, but a body of faving graces in fuch a one, and that Chrifl JOURNAL. 139 Chrift as a head doth enliven or quicken, preferve and 1637. a the fame, but Chrift himfelf is no part of this new u_ y ~ creature. 4. That tho' in effv'cVaal calling (in which the anfwer of the foul is by active fVuth wrought at the fame inftant by the fpirit) juftification and f* notification be all toge- ther in rhem, yet God doth not juftify a man before he be efleftually called and io a believer. 5. Thai Chrift and his benefits may be offered and ex- hibited to a man under a covenant of works, but not in, or by a covenant of works. Obs. In ihe firft handling of thefe questions, either party delivered their arguments in writing, which were read in the affembly, arid after, the anfwer to them, which fpent much time without any efffft. but after they came to open dilpuie, the q icftions were foon determined, for fo they came to undo, (land each other better. The laft day of the avlembiy other queftions were debated aad re- folved. Mo. 7 1. That tho' women nvght meet, fome few, .together, to pray and advife one another, yet fuch a fet affembly as was then in practice at Bofton, xvhere 60 or more did meet every week, and one woman, in a prophetical way, by revolving queflions of do&rine, and expounding fcrip- ture. look upon her the whole exercife, was agreed to be disorderly and without rule. 2. Though a private member might afl^ a qucflion pub- lickly after fermon, for information, yet this ought to be very wifely and fparingly done, and that with leave of the elders : but queftions of then in ufe, whereby the doctrines delivered were reproved and the elders re- proached and that with bitternefs &c. was utterly con- demned. 3. That a perfon refufing to come to, the affembly to abide the cenfure of the church, might he proceeded a- gainft, tho' abfent, yet it was held better that the magif- trates help were called to compel him to be prefent. 4. That a member differing from the reft of the chur/;h in any opinion which was not fundamental, ought not for that to forfake the ordinances there ; and if fuch d,id defire difmiffion to any other church which was of his opinion, and did it for that end, the church whereof he was, ought to deny it for the fame end. The Aifembly brake up, and it was propounded by the 22 Governor that they would confider, that feeing the Lord had 140 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1637. had been To gracioufly prefent in this affembly, that mat- v v- ' ters had been carried on fo peaceably and concluded fo Mo. 7. comfortably in all love &c. if it were not fit to have the like meeting once a year, or at leaft, the next year, to fettle what yet remained to be agreed, or if but to nourifla. love &c. This motion was well liked of all, but it was not thought fit to conclude it. There was a motion made alfo by the Governor, that whereas there was difference among the churches about the maintenance of their minifters, it might be agreed what way was moft agreeable to the rule of the gofpel ; but the elders did not like to deal in that, led it fhould be faid that this affembly was gathered for their private ad* vantage. 26 Mr. Davenport, as he had been before requefled by the affembly, preached out of Ph. 3 16. wherein he laid down the occafions of differences among chriftians &c. and declared the effect and fruit of the affembly, and with much wifdom and found argument purfuaded to unity &c. The diet of the affembly was provided at the country's charge, as alfo the fetching and fending back of thofe which came from Connecticut. 28 Two men were hanged at Bofton for feveral murders. The one Jo. Williams a (hip carpenter, who being lately came into the country and put in prifon for theft, brake out of prifon with one Jo. Hoddy ; when near the great pond in the way to Ipfwich beyond Salem, he murdered, and took away his clothes and what elfe he had and went in them to Ipfwich whe^e he had been fent to prifon, and was there again apprehended, and tho' his clothes were all bloodv, yet he would confefs nothing 'till about a week after that the body of Hoddy was found by the kine, who fmelling the blood, made fuch a roaring as the cow keeper looking about, found the dead body cov- ered with a heap of Stones. The other, William Schoo- ler, was a vintner in London, and had been a common adulterer as himfelf did confefs and had wounded a man in a duel for which he fled into the low country, and from thence he fled from his Captain and came into this coun- try, leaving his wife (a handfome neat woman) in Eng- land. He lived with another fellow at Merrimack, and there being a poor maid at Newbury, one Mary Sholy, who had defired a guide to go with her to her mafter who dwelt at Pifcataq. he inquired her out. and agreed for i$f to conduft her thither. But two days after he returned, and JOURNAL. 14 and being afked why he returned fo foon, he anfwered 1637. that he had carried her within two r three miles of the v v place, and then (he would go no further. Being examin- Mo. 7. ed for this by the magistrates oflpfwich, and no proof found againft him, he was let go ; but about a year after, feeing imprelTed to go againft the Pequods, he gave ill fpeeches, for which the Governor fent warrant for him, and being apprehended and fuppofing it had been for the death of the maid, foon fpake what they had heard which might occafion fufpicion. He was again examined and divers witnefles produced about it, whereupon he was committed, arraigned and condemned by due proceeding. The eftate of the evidence was this. i. He kad led a vi- cious life and now lived like an athiefl. 2. He had fought out the maid and undertook to carry her to a place where he had never been. 3. When he croffad Merri- rnack he landed in a place three miles diflant from the ufual path from whence it was fcarce poflible fhe fhould get into the path. 4. He faid he went by Winicowetthoufe which he faid flood on the contrary fide of the way. 5. Being .as he faid within two or three miles of Swanfcotc when he left her, he went not thither to tell them of her, nor ftaid by her that night, nor at his return home did tell any body of her 'till he was demanded of her. 6. When he came back he had above lof in his purfe, and yet he faid fhe would give him but / and he carried no money with him. 7. At his return he had fome blood upon his hat, and on his (kirts before, which he faid was with a pigeon which he killed. 8. He had a fcratch on the left fide of his nofe, and being afked by a neighbour how it came, he faid it was with a bramble, which could not be, it being of the breadth of a fmall nail : and being afked after by the magiftrate, he faid it was with his piece, but that could not be on the left fide. 9. The body of the maid was found by an Indian about half a year after in the midft of a thick fwamp, ten miles fhort of the place he faid he left her in. and about three miles from the place where he landed by Merrimack (and it was after feen by th Englifh) the flefli being rotted off it, and the cloaths laid all on a heap by the body. 10. He faid that foon af- ter he left her he met with a bear, and he thought that bear might kill her, yet he would not go back to fave her. 11. He brake prifon and fled as far as powder horn hill, and there hid himfelf out of the way for fear of purfuit, and after, when he arofe to go forward he could not, but as himfelf co^ r H. was forced to return back to prifon 1 4 GOVERNOR WINTHROP^ 1637. again. At his death he confefled he had made many V v ' lies to excufe himfeH;-but denied that he had killed or ravifhed her. He was very loth to die. and had hope he ihould be reprieved, bat the court held him worthy of death in undertaking the charge of a fhiftlefs maid, and leaving her, when he might have done other wife, in fuch a place as he knew ihe mufl needs perifh, if not preferv- ed by means unknown. Yet there weie fome ministers and others who thought the evidence not fufficient to take away life. Mo. 8.7 The Wren a fmail pinnace, coming from Connefti- cut, was taken in a N.E. dorm and forced to anchor near ConnyhaflTett where (he drave upon the rocks and was wrecked, hut all the m?n were faved. i A day of rhankf^iving kept in all the churches for a X'iftory againft the Peqjods, and for the furcefsof the af- femb'y ; but by reafon of this latter fomeof Boflon wo\ild not be prefent at the public exrrcife*. The captains and folciiers who had been in the late fervice were feafted, and after the fermon, the ma^Hrues and elders ac- companied them to the door of the houfe where they dined. Mo. 9. i Miantonomoh the Naraganfett fachem came to Bofton. The Governor, Deputy an i Freifirer treated with him, and they parted upon fair terms. He acknowledg- ed that all the Pequod country and Block Ifland were ours, and promifed that he would not meddle with them but by our leave. We gave him leave to right himfclf for the injuries which J. and N. Cook had done him; and for the wrong they had done us we would right our- felvesin our own time. The Governor and Treafurer, by order of the general court, did demife to Edward Convers, the ferry between Bofton and Charleftown to have the fole transporting o f paffengers and cattle from one fide to the other for three years from the firft day of the next month, for the yearly rent of 4O/ to be paid quarterly to the treafurer, provid- ed that he fee it well attended and furnifhed with fuffici- ent boats, and that as foon as may be in the next fpring he fet up a convenient houfe on Bofton fide and keep a boat there as neceflity fhall require. And he is allowed to take his wonted fees, viz. two pence for a fingte per- fon, and a penny a piece if there be more than one, as well on lefture days as at other times ; and for every horfo and eow, with the man that goes with them, fix pence, JOURNAL. 143 pence, and for a goat one penny and a fwine two pence. And if any {hall deiire to pafs before it is light in the morning, or after it is dark in the evening, he may take Mo. 10* rccompence anfwerable to the feafon and his pains and hazard, fo it be not excellive. A young man con ing alone in a {kiff from Newtown in a N.E. Ilorm of wind and Inow, was found dead ifihis boat with a halt crown piece in his mouth. One Jewel, maflerof a bark was Grow red : _the manner vasthis. He was bound to the ifle of Sable to relieve our men there. His baik had lain near a week at Naiaf- cott waiting for him but he itaid at Boflon ciiinkirg. aid could not be gotten away. When he went theit- was committed to his care a rundlet of ftrong water It-ru to fome thete, he piomifn.g upon his life it fhould not be touched ; but as he went down in hi: bark's fk^ft he went on fhore at the caftle, and there drar k out about * gallon of ii, and at night went away. .But it being very cold and dark, titty could not find their ba$k. and Jt-wel his hat falling into the w^ter, as they weie comirg back to lock for it he fell into the water near the fhore where it was not fix feet detp ana ccuici not be recovered. There was great hope that the late Gc r.eral Aiicmbly would have had fome good cffed in pacifying the troubles and diflentions about matters of religion, but it fell out otherwife. For though Mr. Wheel w right and thofe of his party had been clearly confuted and confounded in the aflembly,yet they perfifted in their opinions ; &. were asbufy in the nourifhing contentions (the principal of them) as before. \V hereupon the General Court being aflembled, in the ad, of the 9th Month, and finding upon ccniul' 1 *- tion, that two fo oppofite parties could not continue in the fome body without apparent hazard of ruin to the \vhole, agreed to fend away fome of the principal, and for this a fair opportunity was offered by the remonftrance or petition which they preferred to the Court the gth of the ift. month, wherein they affirm Mr. \\ heelwright fo be innocent, and that the court had condemned the truth of Chrift, with divers other fcandalous and feditious fpeeches, as appears at large in the proceedings of this court, which were faithfully colleftqd and publiftied foon. after the court brake up, fubfcribed by more than 60 of that faftion, whereof one Mr. Afpenwal being one. and he that away a man's goods or his fervant &c. the church may call him to account for it, but if he doth thus in prefuing T a 14 6 GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P's 1637. a courfe of juftice, tho' the thing be unjuft, yet he is not q_ v - _ accountable. 5. For himfelf he did nothing in the cafes Mo. 10. of the brethren but by the advice and direction of our teacher and other of the elders. For in the od her neck. She de- Mo. IQ. fired to have been beheaded, giving this reafon, that it was lels painful and lefs fhameful. After a fwing or two fhe eatched at the ladder. Mr. Peter her late paftor and Mr. Wilfon went with her to the place of ex- ecution, bui could do no good with her. Mr. Peter gave an exhortation to the people to take heed of revelations &c. and of defpifing the ordinance of excommunication as fhe had done ; for when it was to have been denounc- ed againft her fhe turned her back, and would have gone forth if fh? had not been flayed by forte. One Capt. Newman b?ing let forth with commifiion from the earl of Holland Governor of the Weflminfter company, and the earl of Warwick and others of the fame company, to fpoil the Spaniards within the limits of their gram in the Weft Indies, after he had taken ma- ny of their fmall veflels &c. returned home by the M*f- fachufetts in a fmall pinnace with which he had taken all the prizes (for his great (hip was of no ufe for that pur- pofe.) He brought many hides and much tallow. The hides he fold here for ^17 10. the ftone, the tallow at 2g/the C. and iet fail'for England (10 ) ift. He was caft away at with a very rich prize, in the great hur- ricance 1642. A general fad was kept upon the motion of the elders 13 to the Governor and Council. The chief occafion was the much ficknefs of pox and fevers fpread thro' the country (yet it was to the Eaft and South alfo) the ap- parent decay of power of religion, and the general de- clining of profeffors to the world &c. Mr. Cotton in his exercife that day at Bofton did confefs and bewail, as the churches, fo his own fecurity, floth and credulity, whereupon fo many and dangerous errors had gotten up and fpread in the church, and went over all the particu- lars, and {hewed ho\v he came to be deceived ;- the er- rors being framed in words, fo were the truths which he had preached, and the falftiood of the maintainers of them, who ufualiy would deny to him what they had de- livered to others &c. He acknowledged that fuch as had been feduccrs of others (inftancing in fome of thofe of the ifiand. tho' he named them not) had been juftly ban- ifhed. Yet he faid that fuch as had been only mifled, and others who had done any thing out of a mifguided con- fceiencc 66 GOVERNOR WINTIIROF's 1638. fcience(not being greatly evil) fhould be borne withal, and * v- ' ftrft referred to the church, and if that could not heal Mo. 10. them, they fhould rather be imprifoned, fined &c. than bamfhed, tho' it was likely no other church would re- reive them. Thofe who were gone with Mrs. Hutchinfon to Aqui- day fell into new errors daily. One Nic : Eafon a tan- ner taught that gifts and graces were that Antichrift men- tioned Thefs. 2. 2. that which witheld &c. was the preach- ing of the law, and that every oftheelel had the Holy Ghoft, and alfo the Devil indwelling. Another, one Herne taught that women had no fouls, and that Adam was not created in true holinefs &c. for then he could not have loft it. Thofe who went to the falls of Pifcataqua gathered a rhurch and wrote to our church to defire us to clifmifs Mr. Wheelwright to them for an officer, but becaufe he tlefired it not himfelf, the elders did not propound .it. Soon after came his own letter with theirs for his difmif- fion. which thereupon was granted, and others likewifc, upon their requeft, were alfo difmiffed thither. The Governor's letter to Mr. Hilton about Mr. Burdet and Capt Underhi.ll, was by them intercepted and open- ed ; and thereupon they wrote prefently into Eng- land againft us ; for they were extremely moved by the Governor's letter, but could take no advantage by it, for he made account -when he wrote it, that Mr. Hilton would {how it them. And upon this Capt. Underbill wrote a letter to Mr. Cotton, full of high and threatning words againft us, but he wrote another at the fame time to the Governor in very fair terms, intreating an oblite- rating of all that was pall, and a bearing with human in- firmities &c.difavowing all purpofe of revenge &c. See after (i) $639. The devil would never ceafe to difturb our peace and to raife up infurgents one after another. Amo.igft the reft there was a woman in Salem, one Oliver his wife, who had fufferred fomewhat in England for refufing to bow at the name of Jefu?, tho' otherwife (he was con- formable to all their orders. She was for ability of fpeech and appearance of zeal and devotion, far before Mrs. Hutchinfon, and fo the fitter inftrument to have done hmrt, but that fhe was poor and had little acquaint, ance. She took offence at this, that fhe might not be ad- mitted to the Lord's fupper without giving public fatis- faclion , JOURNAL. 167 faftion to the church of her faith &c. and covenanting 1638. or profeiTing to walk with them according to the rule of * v- ' the goipelj fo as upon the facrament day fhe openly call- Mo; 10. cd for it, and flood to plead her right, iho' fhe were deni- ed, and would not forbear before the magiftrate Mr. En- dicott did threaten to fend the conftable to put her forth. This woman was brought to the court For difturbiag the peace in the church, and there fhe gave fuch peremptoiy anfwers as ihe was committed 'till fhe fhould find fureties for her good behaviour. After fhe had been in prifon three or four days, fhe made to the Governor and fubmitted herfelf, and acknowledged her fault in diflurb- ing the church : whereupon he took her hufband's bond for her good behaviour, and difcharged her out'of prifon ; but he found after, that fhe dill held her former opinions, which were very dangerous. As i. That the church is the head of the people, both magiftrates and miniftcrs met together, and that thefe have power to or- dain mmiPiers &.c. 2. That all that dwell ir> the fame town and will profefs their faith in Chrift Jefus ought to be received to the facranients there, and that fhe was per- fuaded that if Paul were at Salem he would call all the inhabitants there faints. 3. That excommunication is no other but where chriftians withdraw private commu- nion from one that hath offended, About five years after this woman was adjudged to be whipped for reproaching the magiftrates. She flood without tying, and bore her punifhment with a mafculine fpirit, glorying in her fuffering. But after when fhe came to confider the reproach which would flick by her, &c. fhe was much dejecied about it. She had a cleft ftick put on her tongue half an hour for reproaching tho elders. (6) 1646. At Providence alfo the Devil was not idle. For where- as at their firft coming thither Mr. William 's and the reft did make an order that no man fhould be molefted for his confcience, now men's wives and children and fer- vans claimed liberty hereby to go to all religious meet- ings, tho' never fo often, or tho' private upon the week days ; and becaufe one Udrin refufed to let his wife go to Mr, Williams fo often as fhe was called for, they re- quired to have him cenfured. But there flood up one Arnold a witty man of their own company, and with- flood it, telling them that when he confented to that or- der, he never intended it fhould extend to the breach of any i68 GOVERNOR \V I N f H R O P's 1638. any ordinance of God fuch as the fubmiflion of wivefc U - v-- J to their hufbamls &c. and gave divers folid reafons againft Mo. 10. it. Then one Green (who hath married the wife of one Beggerly, \vhofe hufband is living, and no divorce, but only il was faid that he lived in adultery and had confelf- ed it) he replied, that if they fhould reftrain their wive* &.<:. all the women in the country would cry out of them. Arnold anfwered him thus. Did you pretend to leave Maffachufetts bccauie you would not offend God topleafe men, and would you now break an ordinance and com- mandment to pleafe women ? Some were of opinion that if Udrin would not fuffer his wife to have her liberty, the church fhotild difpofe her to fome other man who would ule her better. Arnold told them that it was not the wo- man's defire to go fo often from home, but only Mr. Wil- liams' and others. In court after, when they would have cenfured Udrin, Arnold told them that it was againft their own order, for Udrin did that, and did it out of confcience, and their order was that no man fhould be cenfured for his confcience. Another plot the old ferpent had againft us by fowing jcaloufies and differences between us and our friends at Connecticut and alfo Plimouth. This latter was about our bounds. They had planted Scituate. and had given out all the lands to Conyhaffett. We defired only fo much of the maifhes there as might accommodate Hing- ham, which being denied, we caufed Charles River to be furveyed, and found it came fo far fouthwand as v/ould fetch in Scituate and Concord, but this was referred to a meeting between us. The differences between us and thofe of Connecticut xvere divers, but the ground of all was their iitknefs of coming under our government, whieh tho' we never in- tended to make thcmfubordinate to us, yet they were ve- ry jealous, and theiefore in the articles of confederation which we propounded to them, and whereby order was t ken that all differences which might fall out fhould be ended by way of peace, and never to come to a necefliry or danger t/f force ; they did fo alter the chief article as all would have come to nothing. For whereas the ar- ticle was, That upon any matter of difference, two, three or more commiffioners of every of the confederate colo- nies fhould aflemble, and have abfolu'e power (the great- er number of them) to determine the matter : they would have them only to meet, and if they eould agree, fo ; if not JOURNAL. 169 not then to report to their feveral colonies, and to return 1638. with their advice, and fo to go on 'till the matter might v ~ / be agreed, which befides that it would have been in ft- Mo. id. nitely tedious and extremely chargeable, it would never have attained the end, for it was very unlikely that all the churches in all the plantations would ever have accorded upon the fame proportions. Thefe articles wiih their alterations, they fent to our general court at Newtown the of the 5th. by Mr. Haynes, Mr. Pincheon and Jo : Steels. The court find- ing their alteration, and the inconveniences thereof, would take the like liberty to add and alter (for the ar- ticles were drawn only by fome of the council and never allowed by the court.) This they excepted againft, and would have retrained us of that liberty which they took themfelvcs : and one of their three commifli oners falling in debate with fome of our deputies, faid that they would not meddle with any thing that was within our limits ; which being reported to the court, they thought it iea- fonable we fhould (land upon our right, fo as tho* we were formerly willing that Agawain (now Springfield) fhould have fallen into their government, yet feeing they would not be beholden to us for any thing, we intended to keep it, and accordingly we put it in as an article that the line between us (hould be one way the Pequod river, viz. South and North, and the other way, viz. . anc^W. the limits of our own grant. And this article we added, That we fhould have liberty to pafsto and fro upon Con- necticut, and thev likewife. To thefe articles all their eommiflioners offered to confent, but it was thought by our court (becaufe of the new articles) that they {hould firft acquaint their own court with it, and fo their Lorn- jniffi oners departed. After this we understood that they went on to exer- cife their authority at Agawam ; whereupon the Gover- nor wrote to him to defire them to forbear untill the line were laid out, with advice about fome other things, as by the copy of the letter appears. After a long time Mr. Ludlow, in the name of their court, returned anfwer, which was very harfh- in fine declared that they thought it not fit to treat any further before they had advice from the gentlemen of Say brook &c. The Governor ac- quainted the council and magiftr tes with this letter; and becaufe they had tied our hands, in a manner, from, replying, he wrote a private letter to Mr, Haynes, where-. Y in 170 GOVERNOR WINTHROP'* in be lavs open their miftakes (as he called them) and the apparent caufes of offence which they had given us ; as Mo. 10. by difinrlinirg the Naragarifetts to be bound by our for- mer agreement with them (which they would nevermake fure of 'till the wars were ended) by making a treaty of agreement with the Karaganfetts and the Morihegans, without joining us, or mentioning us to that end, iho' we had by letter given them liberty to. take us in, and by binding all the indians who had received any Pequods, to pay tribute for them all to them of Conne&icut &c. AH thefe things are clearly to be feen in the letters. 15. The wind at N.E. there was fo great a temped of wind and fnow all the night, and the next day, as had not been fince our time. Five men and youths perifhed between Mattapam and Dorchefter, and a man and a woman ber tween Bofton and Roxbury. Arthur Dick in a bark of 30 tons caft away upon the head of Cape Cod. Three were ftarved to death with the cold, the other t\vo got fome fire and fo lived there by fuch food as they faved. 7 weeks, 'till an indian found them. Two vcflels bound for Quinipiack were caft away at Aquiday,but the people favfd. Much other harm was done in ftaving of boats &c. and by the great tides which exceeded all before. This happened the day after a general faft, which occa- fioned fome of our minifters to ftir us up to feek the Lord better, becaufe he feemed to difcountenance the means of otir reconciliation. Whereupon the next general court, by advice of the elders, agreed to keep another day? and to feek further into the caufcs of fuch difpleafure &c. which accordingly was performed. Mo. 11. 14 The earthquake which had continued at times fince the i ft. of the 4th. was more generally felt, and the fame noife heard in many places. 30 A church was gathered at Weymouth with approba- tion of the magi ft rates and elders. It is obferveable this t church having; been gathered before, and fothat ofLinne, could not hold together, nor could have any elders join or hold with ti-.-in. The reafon appeared 10 be becaufe they did not begin according to the rule of the gofpel, which xvhen Linn* had found and humbled themfelves for it, and began again upon a new foundation, they went on with a bleiTin^. The people of this town of Weymouth had invited one Mr. Leathall to come to them, with intention to call him to be their miniRer. This man tho' of good report in Eni JOURNAL. 171 England, coming hither, was found to have drank in 1638. fome of Mrs. Hutchinfon's opinions, as of justification L ^^ before faith &c. and oppofed the gathering of our church- Mo. n. cs in fuch a way of mutual (tipulation as was praftifed among us. From the former he was foon taken oft upon conference with Mr. Cotton, but he (luck clofe to the other, that only baptifm was the door of entrance into the church &c. fo as the common fort of people did ea- gerly embrace his opinions, and fome laboured to get fuch A church on foot as all baptized ones might communicate in without any further trial of them &c. For this end they procured many hands in Weymouth to a blank, in- tending to have Mr. Leathall's advice to the form of iheir -call, and he likewife was very forward to become a mi- nifter to them in fuch a way, and did openly maintain the caufe ; but the magistrates hearing of this disturbance and combination thought it needful to ftop it betimes, and fo they called Mr. Leathall, and fome of the chief of the faction to the next general court in the ift Month, where Mr. Leathall, having befort conferred with fome of the magiftrates and of the elders, and being convinced both of his error in judgment, and of his fin in practice the disturbance of our peace &c. did openly and freely retract, withexpreflion of much grief of heart for his of- fence, and did deliver his retra&ioa in-writing under his hand in the open court. Whereupon he was injoined to appear at the next court, and in the mean time to make and deliver the like recantation in fome public affembly at Weymouth. So the court (topped for any further cenfure by fine or &c. though it was much urged by fome. At the fame court one Smith was convifted and fined twenty pounds for being a chief ftirrer in the bufmefs, and one Silveiter was disfranchifed, and one Britton who had fpoken reproachfully of the anfwer which was lent out to Mr. Barnard his book again ft our church cove- nant and of fome of our eiders, and had Tided with Mr. Leathall &c. was openly whipped, becaufe he had no ef- tate to anfwer. A printing houfe was begun at Cambridge by one Daye Mo. i. at the charge of Mr Giover who died on fea hitherward. The firft thing which was printed was the freeman's oath, the next was an almanack made for New- England by Mr. Peirce, mariner the 'next was the pf^Ims newly turned inio metre. An- i; 2 GOVERNOR WIN THRO P's Another plantation was began upon the N. rtoe. of Merrimack, called Sarifbiiry .mother at Winicowett Mo. i. called Hampton, which gave occafion of fore diffeience between us and foxne of Pifcat : which grew thus. Mr. Wheelwright being banifhed from us gathered a compa- ny and fat down by the falls of Pifcat ^ and called their town Exeter, and for their enlargement they dealt wjth an indian there, and bought of him Winicowett, and then \vrote to us what they had done, and that they intended to lot out all thefe lands in farms, except we could fhew a better title. They wrote f alfo to thole whom we had fcnt to plant Winicowett to have them defift &c. Thefe letters coming to the General Court, they returned an- fwer, that they looked at this their dealing as againft good neighbourhood, religion and common hone fly that knowing we claimed Winicowett as within our patent, or as vacuum domiciliiim. and had taken polfeffion thereof by building an houfe there above two years fince, they fhouklnow go and purchafe an unknown title and then come to deny of our right. It was in the fame letter alfo manifeflly proved, that the indians having only a natural right to fo much land as they had or could improve, fo as the reft of the country lay open to any that could and would improve it, as by faid letter more at large doth ap- pear. In this year one James Everett a fober, difcreet man, and two others faw a great light in the night at Muddy River; when it flood dill it flamed up, and was about three yards fquare, when it ran it was contracted into the figure of a fwine, it ran as fwift as an arrow towards Charleftown, and fo up and down about 2 or 3 hours. They were come down in their lighter about a mile, and when it was over they found themfelves carried quite back again ft the tide to the place they came from. Di- vers other credible perfons faw the fame light after about the fame place. The General Court in the 7'a Mo. laft gave order to the Governor to write to them of Pifcat: to fignify to them that we looked at it as an unneighbourly part that, they fhould encourage and advance fuch as we had cafl out from us for their offences, before they had inquired of us the caufe. The occaiion of this letter was that they had aided Mr. Wheelwright to begin a plantation there, and intended to make Capt. Underbill their Governor in the room of Mr. Burdetr, who had thruft out Capt. Wig- gin JOURNAL. 173 gin fet in there by the lord$ &e. Upon this, Capt. Un- 1639. derhill (being chofen Governor there) wrote a letter to a young gentleman wHoTojo jrned in the houfe of our Go- Mo. vernor, wherein he reviles our Governor with reproach- ful terms and imprecations or vengeance upon us all. This letter being fhewed to the Governor and Council, the Governor, by advice, wrote the letter to Edward Hilton as is before mentioned, pag. Mo. to. 13 The Capt. was fo nettled -with this letter, and efpRcially. be- caufe his adulterous life with the coopers wife at Bofton was now diicovercd, and the church had called him 'to come and make aniwer to it ; but he made manv excufes, as want of liberty, being a barrifhed rna.i, yet f he Govern- or and Council had fent. him a (afe conduct, arid upon his pretence "of the infufliciency of thit, the General Court; fent him another for three months, but inflead of coming, he procured a new church at Pifcataqua of fome few loofe men (who had chofen one Mr. Knolles a weak ipinifter lately come out of England and rejVfted by us, for holding fome of Mrs. Hutchirifon's opinions) to write to our church at Bofton in his commendation, wherein they ftile him The Right Worfhipful their Honored Governor, all which, notwithftamiing, the church of Bofton proceeded with him ; and in the mean time the General Court wrote to all the chief inhabitants of Pifcat: and fent them a copy of his letters (wherein he profeficth himfelf to be an inftrument ordained of God for our ru- in) to know whether it were with their privity and con- fent that he fent us fuch a defiance ; and whether they would maintain him in fuch practices againft us. Thofe of ' Pifcat : returned anfwer to us by two fcveral letters* thofe of the plantation difclaimecl to have any hand in his mifcarriages &c. and offered to call him to account whensoever we would fend any fo inform again ft him. The others at the river's mouth difclaimed likewife, and {hewed their indignation againft him for his infolences, , and their readinefs to join in any fair courfe for our fa- tisfaftion : only they defired us to have fome compaf- fion of him, and not to fend any forces againft him. After this Capt. Underbill's courage was abated, for the chiefeft in the river fell from him, and the reft little regarded him, fo as he wrote letters of retraction to divers, and to (hew his wifdom, he wrote a letter to the Deputy and the Court, not mentioning the Governor, wherein he fent the copies of fome of the Governor'* letters to Pif- 174 GO, VERNOR W I N T H R O P's 1639. Pifcat: fuppofmg that fomething would appear in them l- v - / either to extenuate his fault or to lay blame upon the Go- Mo, i. vernor, but he failed in both, for the Governor was abls to make good what he had written. 16 There was fo violent a wind at S.S.E. and S. as the like was not fince we came into this land. It began ir. the evening and increafcd 'till midnight ; it overturned fome new ftrong houfes, but the Lord miraculoufly pre- fervcd old weak cottages. It tare down fences people came out of their houfes in the night. There came fuch a rain withal, as raifed the waters at Connecticut 20 feet above their meadows. The indians near Aquiday being pawwawing in this temped, the Devil came and fetched away five of them. Query. At Providence things grew ftill worfe for a fifter of Mrs. Hutchinfon, the wife of one Scott being infefted with Anabaptiftry, and going laft year to live at Prov> dencc, Mr. Williams was taken or rather emboldened by her to make open profeflion thereof, and accordingly was rebaptifedby one Holyman a poor man late of Salern. Then Mr. Williams rebaptifjed him and Come ten more. They alfo denied the baptiiing of infants, and would have no magiftrates. At Aquiday alfo Mrs. Hutchinfon exercifcd publickly, and {he and her party, fome three or four families, would have no magi/ftracy. She fent alfo an admorfition to the church of Bofton, but the elders would not read it pub- lickly, becaufe (he was excommunicated. By thefe ex- amples we may fee how dangerous it is to flight the cen- fures of the church, for it was apparent that God had given them up to ftrong deiufions. Thofe of Aquiday alfo had entertained two men whom the church of Rox- bury had excommunicated, and one of them did exercife publickly there. For this the church of Bofton called in queftion fuch of them as were yet their members, and Mr. Coddington being prefent; not freely acknowledging his fin, tho he confeffed himfcif in fome fault, was fo- lemnly admoniftied. This is further to be obferved in the delufions which this people were taken with. Mrs. Hutchinfon and fome of her adherents happened to be at prayer when the earthquake was at Aquiday &c. and the houfe being (ha- ken thereby, they were purfuaded and beaded of it ? that the JOURNAL. 1 75 the Holy Ghoil rlid {hake it in coming down upon them, 1639. as he did upon the apoftles. v v * A plantation v/as began between Ipfwich and Newbu- Mo. 2. ry ; the occafion was this. Mr. Eaton and Mr. Daven- port having determined to fit down at Quinipiack. there came over one Ez. Rogers, fecond Ion of that truly faithful fervant of God, Mr. Richard Rogers of Wetherf- field in England, and with him fome 20 families, godly men, and moil of them of good eftate. This Mr. Rogers being a man of Ipecial note in England for his zeal, pie- ty, and other parts, they laboured by all means to draw him to Quinipiack, and had fo far prevailed with him (being newly come, and unacquainted with the ftate of the country) as they had engaged him, yet being a very wife man, and confidering that many of quality in Eng- land did depend upon his choice of a fit place for them, he agreed upon fuch propofals and cautions, as tho' they promifed to fulfill them all (whereupon he lent divers of his people thither before winter) yet when it came to they were not able to make good what they had promif- ed. Whereupon he confulted with the elders of the Bay, and by their advice &c. holding his former engage- ment releafed, he and his people took that place by Ipf- wich and becaufe fome farms had been granted by Jpfwich and Newbury, which would be prejudicial to their plan- tation, they bought out the owners, difburfing ^therein about "800- and he fcnt a pinnace to Quinipiack to fetch back the refl of his people ; but Mr. Eaton and Mr. Davenport and others of Connecticut being impatient of the lofsof him and his people, tlaid the pinnace and fent a meflenger with letters of purpoie to recover him again. This made him todefire the eiders to aifemble again, and he (hewed them the letters they fent, which wanted no arguments, tho' fome truth, but he made the cafe fo clear by letter which had patted between them &c. as they held him dill free from all engagement, and fo he return- ed anfwer to them and went on with his plantation. The indians of Block Ifland fent for their tribute this year, ren fathom of Wampompeaguc. One Mr T Howe of Linne a godly man and deputy of tnelaft General Court, after the court was ended, and he had dined, being in health as he u fed to be, went to pafs over to Charleftown, and being alone, he was presently after found dead upon the ftrand, being there, as it feem- cd waiting for the boat which came foon after, Mr. i 7 6 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's Mr. Cotton preacBing out of the 8. of Kings 8. taught, that when magi ft rates are forced to provide for the A maintenance of minifters, then the churches are in a de- clining condition : there he {hewed that the minifters maintenance fhould be by voluntary contribution, not by lands or revenues or tithes c. for thefe things had always been accompanied with pride, contention and floth. ai The two chief fachems of Naraganfett fent the Gover- ror a prefent of 30 fathom of Wampom, and Sequin the i'achem of Connefticut fent 10 fathom. At Aquiday the people grew very tumultuous and put out Mr. Coddington and the other three magiflrates, and chofe Mr. William Hutchinfon only, a man of a very mild temper and weak parts, and wholly guided by his wife, who had been the beginner of all the foimer trou- bles in the country, and iUil continued to breed difturb- ance. They alfo gathered a church in a very diforderly v/ay, for they took fome excommunicated perfons, ani others who were members of the church of 'Boflon and not difmiffed. The two regiments in the bay were muttered at Boflon to the number of one thoufand foldiers, able men and well armed and cxercifed. They were headed, the one by the Governor who was General of all, and the other by the Deputy who was Colonel. The cayjtains &c. fhewed themielves very fkiifu! and ready in divers forts of fkirrrifhes < nd other military aftions, wherein they fpent the whole day 1 .. One of Fifcat : having opportunity to go into Mr. Bur- clet his ftudy, and finding there the copy of his letter to the archbifhor.s, fent it to the Governor, which was to this effeft. That he did deby to go into England, be- caufe he would fully infcvrm himielf of the ftate of the people here in regard of allegiance, arid that it was not dilcipline that was now fo much aimed at as iovereigntv, and that it was accounted piracy and treafon in our Ge- neral Court to fpcak of appeals to the King. The firft {hips which came this year brought him letters from the arthbifhops and the lords commiCFioners for plantations, wherein they gave him thanks for his care of his Majefty's fervicc &c. and that they would take a time to redrefs fuch diforders as he had informed them of: but by reafon of ihc much bufinefs which now lay upon them they could not at prcfent accompli fh his deli re. Thefe JOURNAL. 177 Thefc letters lay above fourteen days in the Bay, and 1639. P,>me moved the Governor to open them, buthimlelf and * - T - ._ others of the council thought it not fafe to meddle with Mo. 3. them, nor would take any notice of them, and it fell out well by God's good providence, for the letters, by fome means, were opened, yet without any of their privity or con-fen t. and Mr. Burden threated to complain of it to the Lords ; and afterwards we had knowledge of the con- tents of them by fome of his own friends. The Governor received letters from Mr. Cradock, and in them an other order from the lords coinniiffioners, to this effcft That whereas they had received our petition upon their former order &c. by which they perceived that we were taken with fome jealounes and fears of their intentions &c. they did accept of our anfwer, and did now declare their intentions to be only to ''.T| regulate all plantations to be fubordinate to the faid commiflion, and that they meant to continue our li- berties, and therefore did now again peremptorily require the Governor to fend them our patent by rhe firft fhip, and that in the meantime they did give us by that order full power to go en in the government of the people, untill we had a new patent lent us ; and with- al they added threats of further coude to be taken with us if we failed. This order being imparted to the next General Courf, fome advifed to return anfwer to it others thought fit- ter to make no anfwer at all, bccaufe being (ent in a pri- vate letter, and not delivered by a certain meflenger as the former order was, they could not proceed upon i% becaufe they could not have any proof that it was deli- vered to the Governor, feeing his maftcrhad not laid any charge upon him to that end. Mr. Haynes tfee Governor of Connecticut and Mr, Hooker &c. came into the Bay, and (laid near a month. It appeared by them that they were defirous to renew the treaty of confederation with us, and though themfelves would not move it, yet by their means it was moved by our General Court and accepted, for they were in fome doubt of the Dutch who had lately received a new Gov- ernor, a more difcreet and fober man than the former, and one who did complain much of the injury done to them at Connecticut, and was very iorward to hold cor- refpondency with us, and very inquifitive how things ftood between us and them of Connecticut, which occa- Z fioned GOVERNOR WINTHROP's fioned us the more readily to renew the former treaty? that the Dutch might not take notice of any breach or alienatjon between us. The Court of Ele6tions was, at which time there was a frnall eclipfe of the fun. Mr. Winthrop was chofcn Governor again, iho' fome labouring had been by fomc of the elders to have changed, not out of any diflike of him, for they all loved and efteemed him, but out of their fear left it might make way for having a Governor for life, which fome had propounded as moft agreeable to God's institution and the practice f all well ordered ftates. But neither the Governor nor any other attempt- ed the thing, tho' fome jcaloufies arofe which were in- creafed bv (wo occafions. The firft was,- there being want of affiirants, the Governor and other magiftrates thought fit in the warrant for the court, to propound three, amongft which Mr. Downing the Governor's bro- ther in law was one, which they conceived to be done to ftrengthen his party, and therefore, tho' he were known to be a very able man, and one who had done many good offices for the country for thefe ten years, yet the people would not choofe him. Another occafion of their jea- loufy was The court finding the number of deputies to be much increaied by the addition of new plantations, thought fit, for the eafe both of the country and the court, to reduce all towns to two deputies: This occa- fioned fome to fear that the magiftrates intended to make themfelves ftronger, and the deputies weaker, and fo in time to bring all power into the hands of the magiftrates, fo as the people in fome towns we re much difpleafed with their deputies for yielding to fuch an order : Whereup- on at the next feffion it was propounded to have the num- ber of deputies reftored, and allegations were made that it was an infringement of their liberty, fo as after much debate and iuch reafons given for diminifhing the num- ber of deputies, and clearly proved that their liberty con- fided not in the number, but in the thing, divers of the deputies' who came with intent to reverfe the lad order, were by force of reafon, brought to uphold it ; fo that when it was put to the vote, thelaft order for two depu- ties only was confirmed, yet the next day a petition was brought to the court from the freemen of Roxbury to have the three deputies reftored, whereupon the reafon of the court's proceedings were fet down in writing, and all objections anfwered jnd fent to fuch towns as were dif- J O U R N A L. 179 diffatisfied, with this advice, that if any could take* away 1639. thofe reafons, or bring us better for what they did delire, we fhould be ready at the next court to repeal th faid or- Mo. der. The hands of fome of the elders, learned and godly men, were to this petition, tho fuddcnly drawn in, and without disc confideration, for the lawfulnefs of it may Well be queflioned : for when the people have chofen men to be their rulers and to make their laws, and boirhd themfelve's by oath to fubmit thereto, now to combine to- gether (a leffer part of them) in a public petition K> ha\ r e any order repealed which is not repugnant to the law of God, favours of refitting an ordinance of God, for the people having deputed others, have no power to make or alter laws, but are to be fubjecl ; and if any fuch order feera unlawful or inconvenient, they had better prefer fome reafons to the court with manifestation of their de- fire to move them to a review, than peremptorily to peti- tion to have it repealed, which amou.nfs to a plain re- proof of thofe whom God hath fet over them, and putting difhonor upon them againfl the tenor of the fifth com- mandment. There fell out at this court another occafion ofincreaf- ing the people's jealoufy of their magi ftrates, viz. One of the elders being prefent with thole of his church when they were to prepare their voles for the election, declared hisjud^ment that a Governor ought to be for his life, al- ledgingjbr his authority the practice of all the bell com- monwealths in Europe, and efpecially that of Ifrael by God's own ordinance, but this was oppofed by fome other of the elders with much zeal, and fo notice was taken of it by the people, not as a matter of diipute, but as if there had been fome plot to put it in practice, which did oc- cafion the deputies at the next feflion of this court to deliver in an order drawn to this effeft. That whereas our fovereign Lord King Charles, had by his patent eftab- lifhed a Governor, Deputy and Afliftants, that therefore no perfon chofen a counfellcr {hould have any authority as magiftrate, except he were chofen in the annual elec- tions to one of the faid places of mgiftracy eftablifhed by the faid patent. This being thus bluntly tcndred (no mention being made thereoi before) the Governor took time to confider of it before he would put it to vote ; Ib when the court was rifen, the magiftrates advilcd of it and i&o GOVERNOR WINTRHOP's 1639. and drew up another order to this effeft. That wheread v v- ' at the court in it was ordered that a certain rmm- Mo. 3. her of magiftrates {houldbe chofcn to be a /landing coun- cil for life &c. whereupon fome had gathered that we had erefted a new order ol inagifhates not warranted by our patent this court doth therefore daclare that the intent of the faid order was, that the laid (landing council mould always be chofen out of the rnagiflrates &c. and there- fore it is now ordered that no inch counieilor ihall have any power as a magi (Irate, or ihall do any act as a rnagii- trate &c. except lie be annually chofen according to the patent; and this order was after patted by vote. That which led thofe of the council to yield to this defire of the deputies was, becauie it concerned themfelvcs, and they did more ftudy to remove thofe jealouiies out of the people's he.ic's, than to prefcrve any power or dignity to themfelves above others, for 'lill this court thole of the council, viz. Mr, Endicott, had flood and executed as a magiftrate without any annual election, and fo they had been reported by the elders and all the people 'till this prefent. But the order was drawn up in this form that it might be of lefs obfervation, and freeer from any note of injury to make this alteration rather by way of explana- tion of the fundamental order, than without any caufs (hewn to repeal that which had been eftablifhed by fen- ous advice of the elders, and had been in practice tv/o or three years without any inconvenience. And here may be obferved how flriclly the people would feeiri to flick to their patent where they think it makes for their advan- tage, but are- content to decline it where it will not warrant fuch liberties as they have taken up without warrant from thence, as appears in their flrife for three deputies &c. whereas the patent allows them none at alj, but only by inference, voting by proxies &c. The Governor acquainted the General Court that in thefe two lad years of his government he had received from the indians in prefents, to the value of about /~4O. and that he had fpent about 2.0. in entertainment of them and in prefents to their Sachems &c. The court declared that the prefents were the Governor's due, but the tribute was to be paid to the treafurer. Mo. 4*15 Mr. Endicott and Mr. Stoughton, commiffioners, for us, and Mr. Bradford and Mjr: Winllow for Plimouth, met at Hingham about deciding the difference between, us concerning bounds. Our comilTioners had full power to JOURNAL. 181 to determine &c. but theirs had not, altho' they had no- 1639. tice of it long before, and themfelves had (appointed the v vr ' day : Whereupon the court ordered that thofe of Hing- Mo. 4. ham fhouid make ufe of all the lands near Conyhaffett to the crook next Scituate 'till the court (hould take further order ; and a letter was directed to the Governor at Pli- mouth to the fame effe&, with declaration of the reafons of our proceeding, and readinefs to give them a further meeting. The charges of their commiflioners diet, were defrayed by us, becaufe they met us within our own ju- rifdiftion. Thofe of Exeter replied to our anfwer, (landing flili to maintain the Indians' right and their intereft thereby. But in the mean time we had fent men to difcover Mer- rimack, and foutid fome part of it about Penkook to lie more northerly than 43^. We returned anfwer to them, that tho' we would not relinquish our intcreftby priority of poffeffion for any right they could have from the in- dians, yet feeing they had profefled not to claim any thing which fhouid fall within our patent, we would look no further than that in refpect of their claim. One Mr. Ryall having gotten a patent at Sagadahoc out of the grand patent, wrote to our Governor and ten- dered it to our government, fo as we would fend people to poflefs it. The Governor acquainted the general court with it, but nothing was done about it, for we were not ready for fuch a bunnefs, having enough befides at home. Mr. Hooker being to preach at Cambridge, the Gov- 26 ernor and many others went to hear him (tho' the Gov- ernor did very feldom go from his own congregation up- on the Lord's day.) He preached in the afternoon, and haviag gone on with much ftrength of voice and inten- tion of fpirit about a quarter of an hour, he was at a ftand, and told the people that God had deprived him both of his ftrength and matter &c. and fo went forth, and about half an hour after returned again and went on to very good purpofe about two hours. There was at this time a very great dearth all over the country both eaft and weft, there being little or no rain from the 26th of the zd month to the loth of the 4th, fo as the corn generally began to wither, and great fear there was it would all be loft. Whereupon the general court conferred with the elders, and agreed upon a day of humiliation about a weak after. The very day after the fad GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P's ftaft was appointed there fell a good fhower, and within one week after the day of humiliation was paft we had fuch (lore of rain, and fo feafonably, as the corn revived and gave hope of a very plentiful harvell. When the court and the elders were met about it, they conferred of fuch things as were amifs which might provoke -God a- gainft us, and agreed 'to acquaint their churches there* with that they might be ftirred up to bewail and reform them. We were much afraid this year of a flcp in England by reafon of the complaints which had been lent again ft us, and the great difpleafure which the archbifhops. and other the commiffioners for plantations had conceived and uttered againft us both for thofe complaints, and al- fo for our not fending home our patent. But the Lord wrought for us beyond all expectation, for the petition which we returned in anfwer of the order fent for our patent was read before the lords aud well accepted, as is before expreffed ; and fhips came to us from England and divers other parts with great ftore of people *md pro- vifions of all forts. About this time our people came from I fie Sable ; a bark went for them the zd of the ift month, but by foul weather (he was wrecked there, and of her ruins they made afmall one wherein they returned. It was found to be a great error to fend thither before the middle of the ad month. They had gotten ftore of feal, oil and fkins, and fome horfe teeth and black fox {kins : but the lofs of the veffel &c. overthrew the hope of the defign. The ifland is very healthful and temperate. We loft not one man in two years, nor any fick &c. Mo. 5. The rent at Connecticut grew greater notwithstanding the great pains we had been taking for healing it, fo as the Church of Weathersfield itfelf was not only divided from the reft of the town Sec. but of thofe feven which were the church, four fell off, fo as it was conceived that thereby the church was diffolved, which occafioned the church of Watertown here (which had divers of her mem- bers there not yet difmiffed) to fend two of their church to look after their members, and to take order with them. But the contention and alienation of minds was fuch as they could not bring them to any other accord than this, that the one party muft remove to fome other place, which they both confented to, but ftill the difficulty re- mained, for thofe three who pretended thcmfelves to JOURNAL. 183 to be the church pleaded that privilege for their ftay, 1639. and the others alledged their multitude &c. fo as neither would give place, whereby it feemed, that either they Mo. minded not the example of Abraham's offer to Lot, or elfe they wanted Abraham's fpirit of peace and love. This controverfy having called in Mr. Davenport and others of Quilipiack, for mediation, and they not accor- ding with thofe of Connecticut about the cafe, gave ad- vantage to fatan to ft raw fome feeds of contention be- tween thofe plantations alfo, but being godly and wifp men on both parts, things were eaiily reconciled. In this month there arrived two (hips of Quilipiack, one was of 350 tons, wherein came Mr. Fenwick and his lady and family to make a plantation at Saybrook upon the mouth of Connecticut. Two other plantations were began beyond Quilipiack, and every plantation intended a peculiar government. There were alfo divers new plantations begun this fummer here and at Plimouth as Colchefter upon Mer- rimack Sudbury by Concord (Winicowett was named Hampton) Yarmouth and Barnftaple by Cape Cod. Capt. Underbill having been dealt with and convinced of his great fin againft God and the churches and ftate here &c,. returned to a better mind, and wrote divers let- ters to the Governor and Deputy &c. bewailing his of- fences, and craving pardon. See after. There was fent to the Governor a copy of a letter writ- ten into England by Mr. Hanyard Knolles of Pifcat : wherein he had moft falfly flandered this government, as that it was worfe than the high commtffion &c. and that here was nothing but oppreflion, and not fo much as a face of religion. The Governor acquainted one of Pif- cat : Mr. Knolles his fpecial friend with it, whereupon Mr. Knolles became very much perplexed, and wrote to the Governor acknowleding the wrong he had done us, and defired that his retraction might be publiflied. The Governor fent his letter into England and kept a copy of it. See more of this after. At Providence matters went after the old manner. Mr. Williams and many of his company a fome months fince were in all hafte rebaptized and denied communion with all others, and now he was come to queftion his fecond baptifm, not being able to derive the authority of it from the apoftles, otherwife than by the minifters of England (whom he judged to be ill authority) fo as he conceived God 184 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1639. God would raifc up fome apoftolic power, therefore he v N/ ' bent himfelf that way, expecting (as was fuppofed) tobe- Mo. 5. come an apoftle, and having no title before, refufed com- munion with all fave his own wife now he would preach and pray with all comers : whereupon fome of his followers left him and returned back from whence they went. 6. 27. There came a fmall bark from the W.Indies, one Capt, Sackett in her with commiflion from the Weftminfter company to take prizes from the Spaniards. He brought much wealth in money, plate, indigo and fugar. He fold his indigo and fugar here for "1400. whereby he furnifh- cd himfelf with commodities and departed again for the W. Indies. A fifhing trade was began at Cape Anne by one Mr. Maverick Tomfon a merchant of London, and an order was made that all flocks employed in fifhing fhould be free from public charge for feven years. This was not done to encourage foreigners to fet up fifhing among us, for all the gains would be returned to the place where they dwelt, but to encourage our own people to fet upon it, and in expe&ation that Mr. Tomfon &c. would e're long come fettle with us. Here was fuch ftore of exceeding large and fat mack- rell upon our coaft this feafon as was a great benefit to all our plantations. Some one ooat with three men would take in a week ten hundreds, which was fold at Connec- ticut for 3. 12 the hundred. There were fuch fwarms of fmall flies like moths came from the fouthward that they covered the fea, and came flying like drifts of fnow, but none of them were feen up- on the land. Mo. 4. At the general court at Bofton one Mr. Nathaniel Ea- ton brother to the magiftrate at Quilipiatk, was convent- cd and cenfured. The occafion was this. He was a fchoolmafter and had many feholars the fons of gentle- men and others of beft note in the country, and had en- tertained one Nathaniel Briftoe, a gentleman born, to be his ufher, and to do fome other things for him which ' might not be unfit for a fcholar. He had not been with him above three days but he fell out with him for a very fmall occafion, and with reproachful terms difcharged him, and turned him out of his doors : but it being then about 8 of the clock after the fabbath, he told him he {hould fray 'till next morning, and fome words growing be- JOURNAL. 185 between them, he ftruck him and pulled him into his 1639. houfe ; Briftoe defended himfelf and clofed with him, * J and being parted he came in and went up to his chamber Mo^ 4. to lodge there. Mr. Eaton fent for the confbble, who advifed him firft to admoniili him &c. and if he could not by the power of a mafter reform him, then he fhould complain to the magiftratc. But he cauied his man to Fetch him a cudgel, which Was a walnut tree plant, big enough to have killed a horfe, and a yard in length, and taking his two men with him, he went up to Briftoe, and caufed his men to hold him 'till he had given him two hundred flripes about the head and fhoutders &c. and fo kept him under blows, with fume two or three Jhort intermiflions, about the fpace of two hours, about which time Mr. Shepherd and fome others of the town came in at the outcry, and fo he gave over. In this dif- trefs Briftoe got at his knife and (truck at the man that held him, but hurt him not : he aHo fell to prayer, fup- pofing he fhould have been murdered, and then Mr. Ea- ton beat him for taking the name of God in vain. Af- ter this Mr. Eaton and Mr. Sh : \vho knew not then of thefe paffages, came to the Governor and fome other of the magiftrates, and complaining of Briftoe for his info- lent fpeech, and for crying out murder and drawing his knife, and defired that he might be enjoined to a public acknowledgment &c. The magiftrates anfwered that they muft firft hear him fpeak, and then they would do as they ftiould fee caufe. Mr. Eaton was difpleafed at this and went away difcontented, and being after called into the court to make anfwer to the information that had been given by fome who knew the truth of the cafe, and alfo to anfwer for his negleft and cruelty and other ill ufage towards his fcholars, one of the elders, not fuf- pefting fuch mifcarriages by him, came to the Governor and {hewed himfelf much grieved that he fhould be pub- lickly produced, ailedging that it would deiogate from his authority and icverence among his fcholars &c. but the caufe went on notwithftanding, and he was called," and thefc things laid to his charge in the open court. His anfwers were full of pride and difdain, telling the magiftrates that they (hould not need to do any thing herein, for he was intended to leave his employment. And being afked why he ufed fuch cruelty to Briftoe his uiher, and to other his fcholars (for it was teftitied by an therofhis uQiers and divers of his fcholars that he A a would i86 , GOVERNOR W 1 N T H R O P's 1639. \vculd give them between twenty and thirty ftripes at a L v~~J time, and would not leave 'till they had confeffed what Mo. 4. he requited) his anfwer was that he had this rule, that he would not give over correcting 'till he had fubdued. the party to his will. Being alfo queflioned about the ill and fcant diet of his boarders (for tho' their friends gave large allowance, yet their diet was ordinarily no- thing but porridge and pudding, and that very homely) he put it off to his wife : fo the court difmiffed him at prefent and commanded him to attend the next day. When being called, he was commanded to the lower end of the table (where all offenders ufually ftand) and being openly convift of all the former offences by the oaths of four or five witneffes, he yet continued to juftify himfelf, fo it being near night he was committed to the marfhall 'till the next day. When the court was fet in the morn- ing, many of the elders came into the court (it being then private for matter of confutation) and declaredhow the evening before they had taken pains with him to con- vince him of his fault, yet for divers hours he had ftill ftood to his juftification, but in th^ end he was convinc- ed, and had freely and fully acknowledged his fm and that with tears, fo as they did hope he had truly repent- ed, and therefore defired of the court that he might be pardoned and continued in his employment, alledging fuch further reafons as they thought fit. After the elders were departed the court confulted about it and fent for him, and there in the open court, before a great aflembly, he made a very folid, wife, eloquent and ferious (feem<- ing) confefTion, condemning himfelf in all the particu- lars &c. Whereupon being put afide, the court con- fulted privately about his fentence, and tho' many were taken with his confeflion, and none but had a charitable opinion of it, yet becaufe of the fcandal of religion, and . offence which would be given to fuch as might intend to fend their children hither, they all agreed to cenfure him. and put him from that employment. So being call- ed in. the Governor after a fhort preface, declared the fentence of the court to this effect, viz. that he fhould give Brifioe ^30 fined 100 - and debarred teaeh- ; ing of children within our jurifdiftion. A paufe being made, and expectation that according to his former con- feffion he would have given glory to God, and acknow- ledged the juftice and clemency of the court the Gov- ernor giving himoccafion by a {king him if he had ought to JOURNAL. 187 to fay he turned away with a difcontented look, faying, 1639. {i If fentence be pafled then it is to no end to fpeak." * v ' Yet the court remitted his fine to ^20. and willed Briftoe Mo. 4. to take but "ao.- The church at Cambridge taking notice of the fe pro- ceedings, intended to deal with him. The paftor moved the Governor if they might, without offence to the court, examine other witneffes ; his anfwer was, that the court would leave them to their own liberty, but he faw not to what end they fhotild do it, feeing there had been five al- ready upon oath, and thofe whom they {hould examine (hould fpeak without oath, and it was an ordinance of God that by the mouths of two or three witnefles every matter {hould be eftablifhed. But he foon difcovered himfelf, for e'er the church could come to deal with him he fled to Pifcat : and being purfued and apprehended by tiic Governor there, he again acknowledged his great fin ii> Hying &c. and promifed as he was a chriftian man he would return with the meffengers, but becaufe his things he carried with him were aboard a bark there, hound to Virginia, he defirerl leave to go fetch them, which they affenied unto, and went with him three of them, aboard with him : fo he took his trufs and came away with them in the boat, but being come to the fhore, and two of them going out of the boat, he caufed the boatman to put off the boat, and becaufe the third man would not go out, he turned him into the wa- .ter where he had been drowned if he had not faved him- fclfby fwimming, fo he returned to the bark andprefent- ly they fet fail and went out of the barbour. Being thus^ gone his creditors began to complain, and thereupon it was found that he was run in debt about 1000. and had taken up moft of his money upon bills he had charged in- to England upon his brother's agents, and others whom he had no fuch relation to : fo his eftate was fcized and put into commillioncrs hands to be divided among his creditors, allowing fomewhat for the prefent maintenance of his wife and children. And being thus gone the church proceeded and caft him out. He had been fome time initiated among the Jefuits, and coming into Eng- land his friends drew him from them, but it was very probable he now intended to return to them again, be- ing at this time about 30 years of age and upwards. S^s after. Mount Wool a (Ion had been formerly laid to Boflon, 7. 17. but i 9 o GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1639. another who knows the worth of the commodity would give for it if he had occafion to ufe it, as that is called current money which every man will take &c. 2. When a man lofeth in his commodity for want of (kill he muft look at it as his own fault or crofs, and therefore muft not lay it upon another. 3. When a man lofeth by cafualty of fea &c. it is a lols cad upon himfclf by providence, and he may not cafe himfelf of it by cafting it upon another ; for fo a man (hould feem to provide againft ail providences, that he fhould never lofe ; but where there is a fcarcity of the commodity, there men may raife their price, for now it is a hand of God upon the commodity and not the per- fon. 4. A man may notafk any more for his commodity than his felling price, asEphron to Abraham, the land is worth thus much. The caufc being debated by the church fome were ear- neft to have hirn excommunicated, but the moft thought an admonition would be fufficient. Mr. Cotton opened the caufe* which required excommunication out of that in i. Cor. 5. 11. the point now in queftion was, whether thefe actions did declare him to be fuch a covetous perfon &c. Upon which he (hewed that it is neither the habit of covetoufnefs (which is in every man in fome degree) nor fimply the aft that declares a man to be fuch, but when it appears that a man fins againft his conscience or the very light of nature, and when it appears in a man's whole conversation, but Mr. Kaine did not appear to be fuch, but rather upon an error in his judgment, being led by falfe principles, and befide he is otherwife liberal as in his hofpitality and in church communion &c. fo in the end the church confented to an admonition. Upon this occafion a queition grew whether an admp- .nition did bar a man from the facrament, and of this more (hall be fpoke hereafter. Being now about church matters, I will here infert Another paflage in the fame church which fell out about the fame time. Their old meeting houfe being decayed and too fmall they fold it away and agreed to build ano- ther, which workmen undertook to fet up for ~6oo. Three hundred pounds they had for the old, and the reft was to be gathered by voluntary contributions, as other charges were, but there grew a great difference among the brethren where this new one fhould (land. Some were JOURNAL. igt were for the green (which was the Governor's firft lot 1639. and he had yielded it to the church &c.) Others, viz. * v ' the tradefmen, efpecially who dwelt about the market Mo. 7. place, deli red it might ftand (till nearer the market, left in time it fhould divert the chief trade from thence. The church referred it to the judgment and determination of five of the brethren, who agreed that the filteft place (all things con(ulered) would be near the market, but understanding that many of the brethren were unfatisfi- ed, and defired rather it might be put to a lot they de- clared only their opinion? in writing and refpited the full deterrrri nation to another general meeting, thinking it very unfafe to proceed with the difcontent of any con- fiderable part of the church. When the church met, the matter was debated to and fro, and grew at length to fome earneftnefs, but after Mr. Cotton had cleared it up to them that the removing it to the green would be a damage to fuch as dwelt by the market, who had there purchafed and built at great charge, but it would be no damage to the moft to have it by the market place, and tho* fome remained ftill in their opinion that the green were the fitter place, yet for peace fake they yielded to < the reft by keeping nlence while it pafled. This good providence and over ruling hand of God caufed much admiration and acknowledgment of fpecial mercy to the church, efpecially confidering how long the like conten- tion had held in fome other churches, and which with- out difficulty they had been accorded. At the court of afiiftants one MarrAaduke Perry of Salem was arraigned for the death of one his apprentice. The great inqueft found the 'bill for mur- der; the jury of life and death could not agree, fo they were adjourned to the next court, and Perry was let to bail by the Governor and fome other of the magiftrates, after the court. At the court in lober. the prifoner ap* peared, and the jury baing called, had further evidence given them which tended to the clearing of Perry, yet two of the jury dififented from the reft who were all agreed to acquit him. In the end it had this iffue, that thefe two were fileVit and fo the verdift was received. The caufe was this. The boy was ill difpofed and his mailer gave him unreafonable correction and ufed him ill in his diet. After the boy got a bruife on his head, fo as there appear- ed a frafture in his fcull, being diflefted after his death. Now two things were in the evidence which made the cafe 192 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1639. cafe doubtful, one the boy his charging his mafter before his death to have given him that wound with his matyard and with a broomftafT (for he fpzke of both at feveral times.) The other was that he had told another that his hurt came with the fall of a bough from a tree, and other evidence there was none. At the general court the inhabitants of the upper part of Pi feat : viz. Dover &c. had written to the Governor to offer themfelves to come under our government. An- fwer was returned them, that if they fent two or three of their company with full commiflion under all their hands to conclude &c. it was like the court would agree to their proportions, and now at this court came three with comrmffion to agree upon certain articles annexed to their commiflion, which being read, the court appointed three to treat with them, but their articles being not rea- fvnable, they flood not upon them but confefled that they had ablolute commiffion to conclude by their difcretion^ whereupon the treaty was brought to a conclufion to this effect, That they fhould fare as Ipfwich and Salem, and have courts there &c. as by copy of the agreement re- maining with the records doth appear. This was ratifi- ed under a public feal and fo delivered to them, only they defred a promife from the court, that if tjfe people did not a (Tent to it (which yet they had no fear of) they might be at liberty, which was granted them. Thole of Exeter fent the like proportions to the court, but not liking, it feem-s, the agreement which thofe of Do- ver had made, they repented themfelves and wrote to the court that they intended not to proceed. At this court there fell out feme conteftation between the Goveinor and the treafurer. Nich: Trerice Joeing defendant in a caufe wherein Mr. Hibbins brother in lav/ to the treafurer was plaintiff for ^500. which the fearch- ers took from him in the flv'p whereof Trerice was maf- ter, and the defendant having anfwered upon oath to cer- tain interrogatories miniftered unto him, which were read to him before he took his oath, and the treafurer prefling him again with the fame interrogatory, the Gov- ernor faid he had anfwered the fame dirc&ly before. The treafurer hereupon faid (angrily) Sir, I fpeak not to you. The Governor replied, that time was very precious, and feeing the thing was already anfwered it was fit to pro- ceed. Hereupon the treafurer Mood up, and faid if he might not have liberty to fpeak he would no longer fit there. JOURNAL, 193 there. The Governor replied that it was his place to 1639. manage the proceedings of the court. The treafurer then ^ J- '' faid, you have no more to do in managing the bufinefs than I: at which the Governor took offence, as at an injury done to his place, and appealed to the court to de- clare whether he might not injoin any of" Uie magiftrates tilence, if he (aw caufe. The Deputy Governor, at firft apprehenfion, gainfaid it, but prefently both himfelf and the reft of the magiftrats;; (for the deputies were without flaying 'till the caufe fhcuid be ended) did agree that he might ib do for a particular time, and if the party fo en- joined filence were unfatisfied, he might 'appeal to the \vhoie court, who might give him liberty to fpeak, the/ the Governor had retrained him. So the Governor p re fled it no further, yet expected that the court would not have fuffered fich a public affront to the Governor to have paficd without due reproof &c. But nothing was done fave orly the iscretary and fome one other (pake fomewhut of their diflike of it, neither did it occa- fion any falling out between the Governor and the trea- furer, for the Governor held himfelf fufnciently difcharg- ed after he had referred it to the consideration of the court, fo if they did not look at it as a public injury, he was willing to account of it accordir gly. There happened a memorable thing at Plimouth about this time. One -Key far of Linne, being at Plimouth in his boat, and one Dickerfon with him, a profeifop, but a notorious thief, was coming out of the harbour with the ebbe, and the wind foutherly a irefn gale, yet with all their (kill and labour they could not in three hours get the boat above a league, fo as they were forced to come to anchor, and at the flow to go back to the town, -and as fobn as they were come in the faid Dickerfon was arrefl- ed upon fufprcion of a gold ring and fome other pieces of gold which upon fearch were found about him, and he was there whipped for it. The like happened at Bofton about two years before-. Schooler who was executed for murder, as before is men- tioned, had broke prifon and was efcaped beyond Wirii- femett, but there he was taken with fuch an aftonifhment &c. as he could go no further, but was forced to return to Bofton. Thefe and many other examples of difcover- ing hypocrites and other lewd perfons, and bringing them under their deferred punifhments, do, among other things, fhew the prefence and po"wer of God in .his ordi- B b nances, 194 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's nances, his blefling upon his people while they endea- vour to walk before him with uprightnefs. At Kennebeck the indians wanted food, and there be- ing (lore in the Plimouih trading houfe, they eonfpired to kill the Englifh there for their provifion, and fome indians coming into the houfe, Mr. Willet the mailer of the houfe being reading in the bible, his countenance was mors folemn than at other times, fo as he did not look, chearfully upon them as he was wont to do whereupon they went out and told their fellows that their purpofe was difcovered. They afked them how it could be, the others told them that they knew it by Mr. Willet's coun- tenance, and that he had difcovered it by a book that he was reading, whereupon they gave over their de- fign. The people had long defired a body of laws, and thought their condition very unfafe while fo much pow- er refted in the difcretion of magiftrates. Divers at- tempts had been made at former courts, and the matter referred to feme of the magiftrates and lome of the elders, but dill it came to no effect, for being committed to the care of many, whatfoever was done by fome, was Hill dif- liked or neglefted by others. At lafl it was referred to Mr. Cotton and Mr. Nathaniel "Warde &c. and each of them framed a model which were prefented to this ge- neral court, and by them committed to the Governor and Deputy and fome others to confider of, and fo prepare it for the court in the 3d month next. Two great rca- fons there were which caufed rhoft of the magiftrates and fome of the elders not to be very forward in this matter. O.ne was want of fufficient experience of the nature and difpofition of the people considered with the condition of the country and other circumftances, which made them conceive that fuch laws would be fitteft for us which fhould arifc pro rei natura upon occafions &c. and fo the laws of England and other dates grew, and there- fore the fundamental laws of England are called cuftos coiifudufdinis. 2. For that it would profeffedly tranfgrefs the limits of our charter, which provide we fhall make no laws repugnant to the laws of England, and that we were allured we muftdo. But to raiie up laws by prac- tice and cuftom had been no tranfgreflion, as in our church difcipline, and in matters of marriage, to make a law that marriages fhould not be folemnized by minifters is repugnant to the laws of England, but to bring it to JOURNAL. 195 acuftom by practice for the magiftrates to perform it, is 1639. no law made repugnant &c. At length, to fatisfy the v ^- N ' people, it proceeded, and the two models were digefted with divers alterations and additions, and abbreviatad and font to every town to be confidercd of firftby the magiftrates and elders, and then to be publifhed by the ronftables to all the people, that if any man fhould think fit that any thing therein ought to be altered, he might acquaint forne of the deputies therewith againft the next court. By this time there appeared a great change, in the church of Boflon ; for whereas the year before they were all, fave five or fix, fo affecled to Mr. Wheelwright and Mrs. Hutchtnfon and thefe new opinions, as they perceived the prefent Governor and the paftor looking at them as men under a covenant of works, and as their greatefl enemies, but they bearing all patiently, and not with- drawing themfclves (as they were ftrongly follicited to have done) but carrying themfelves lovingly and helpful- ly upon all occafions, the Lord brought about the hearts of ail the people to love and efteem them more than ever before^ and all breeches were made up. and the church was laved from ruin beyond all expectation : which could hardly have been, in human rcafon, if thefe two had not been guided by the Lord to that moderation &c. and the church to manifefl their hearty affection to the Governor upon occafion of fome ftreight he was brought into thro* his bailiffs unfaithfulnefs, fent him^2oo. There was a church gathered at the Mount, and Mr. Tomfon, a very holy man, who had been an inftrument of much good at Acomenticus, was ordained the paftor the igth of the pth month. At the general court an order was made to abolifh that Mo. 10. vain cuftom of drinking one to another, and that upon thefe and other grounds, i. It was a thing of no good ufe. 2. It was an inducement to drunkenefs and occa- fion of Quarrelling and bloodfned. 3. It occafioned much wafte of wine and beer. 4. It was very troublc- fome to many, efpecially the matters and miflreires of the feafl, who were forced thereby to drink more often than they would. Yet divers, even godly perfons, were very loth to part with this idle ceremony, tho* when difputa- tion was tendred, they had no life, nor indeed could find any arguments to mantain it, fuch power hath cuf- tom &c. Mr. S GOVERNOR WINTH-ROP'* ^639. Mr. Ez : Rogers, of whofe gathering a church in Eng- , mention was made before, being now fettled with his company at Roxbury, was there ordained paftor. There were fo many lectures now in the country, and many poor perfons would ufually retort to two or three in the-week, to the great negleft of their affairs, and da- mage of the public. The ixflemblies were a lib in divers churches held 'till night, and fometimes within the night, fo as. fuch as dwelt far off could not get home in due fea~ fon, and many weak bodies could not endure fo long in the extremity of the heat or cold, without great trouble and hazard of their health. Whereupon the general qourt ordered, that the elders fhould be defired to give a meeting to the rnagiftratesand deputies to confider' about the length and frequency of church aflemblies, and to make return to the court of their determinations &c. This was taken in ill part by moft of the elders and other of the churches, fo as that thofe who fhould have met at Salem, did not meet, and thofe in the bay, when they met with the magiftrates &c. at Bofton, exprefled much diftike of fuch a courfe, alledging their tendernefs of the church's liberties, as if fuch a precedent might enthrall them to the civil power, and as if it would caft a blemifli upon the elders, which would remain to pofterity, that they fhould need to be regulated by the civil magiftrates, and alfo raife an ill favor of the people's coldnefs that would complain of much preaching &c. when as liber- ty for the ordinances was the main end (propofed) of our coming hither. To which it was anfwered. i. That the order was framed with as much tendernefs and ref- pecl: as might be, in general words, without mentioning fermons or Ie6lures, io as it might as well be taken for meetings upon other occafions of the churches, which were known to be very frequent. 2. It carried no com- mand, but only an expreffion of a defire. 3. I conclud- ed nothing but only to confer and confider. 4. The re- cord of fuch an ordrr will rather be an argument of the zeal and forwardneis of the elders and churches as it was of the Ifraelites when they offered fo liberally to the fervice of the tabernacle as Mofes was forced to reftrain them. Upon this interpretation of the court's intent, the elders were reafonably fatisfied, and the magiftrates ^nding how hardly fuch propofitions would be digefted, ind that if matters Ihould be further pufhed it might make fome breach or diflurbance at leail, for the elders had JOURNAL, 197 nad great power in the people's hearts, which was need- ful to be upheld, left the people fhould break, their bonds thro' abufe of liberty, which divers having forfeited were very forward to invite others to raife mutinies and fo- ment dangerous and groundlefs jealoufies of the magif- trates &c. which the wifdom and care of the elders did ftill prevail againft, and indeed the people themfelves, generally, thro' the churches, were or thatunderftanding and moderation, as they would eafily be guided in their way by any rule from fcripture or found reafon. In this confidcrationthemagiftrates & deputies which were then me*t thought it not fit to enter any difpute or conference with the elders about the number of lelures or for ap- Eointing any certain time for the continuance of the af- :mblies, but refted fatisfied with their affirmative anfwer to thefe two propofitions. i . That their church a (Tern- blies might ordinarily break up in fuch feafon as people that dwelt a mile or two off might get home by day light. 2. That if they were not fatisfied in the declaration of our intentions in this order of court, that nothing was at- tempted herein againft the church's liberties &c, they would truly acquaint us with the reafons of their unfatif- fiednefs, or if we heard not from them before the next court, we fhould take it for granted that they were fully fatisfied. They denred that the order might be taken off the record, but for that it was anfwered that it might not be done without confent of the general court only, it was agreed unto that the fecretary might defer to enter it in the book 'till the mind of the court might be known. One Mr. Hanferd Knolles a minifter in England who Mo,i2.ao came over the laft fumrner in the company of our familift : opinionifts, fo being fufpefted and examined, and found inclining that way, was denied refidencc in the Mafla- chufetts, whereupon he went to Pifcataqua where he be- gan to preach, but Mr. Burdett being then their Govern- or and preacher, inhibited him, but he being after remov- ed to Acomenticus, the people called Mr. Knolles, and in fhort time he gathered fome of the beft minded into a church body, and became their paftor, and Capt Under- bill being their Governor, they called this town Dover. But this Mr. Knolles at his firft coming thither wrote a letter to his friends in London, wherein he bitterly in- veighed againft us, both againft our magiftrates and churches, and againft all the people in general, as by 198 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1639. the copy of his letter fent over to our Governor may ap- ' pear. The Governor gave him notice thereof, and be- ing brought to a better judgment by further confideration and more experience, he faw the wrong he had done us, and was deeply humbled for it, and wrote to the Gov- ernor to that effect, and defired a fafe conduft that he might come into the Bay to give fatisfaclion &c. for he could have no reft in his fpirit 'till &c. which being fent him under the Governor his hand, with confent of the council, and upon a lefture day at Bofton moft of the magiftrates and elders in the bay being there affembled, he made a very free and full confeflion of his offence with much aggravation again ft himfelf,as the aflfembly were well fatisfied. He wrote alfoa letter to the fame effeft to his faid friends in England, which he left with the Governor to be fent to them. Capt. Underhill alfo being ftruck with horror and re- morfe for his offences, both againft the church and civil ftate, could have no reft 'till he had obtained a fafe con- duel to come and give fatisfaftion ; and accordingly at a lefture at Bofton (it being then the court time) he made a public confeflion both of his living in adultery with Ffabers wife (upon fufpicion whereof the church had before admonifhed him) and attempting the like with an- other woman, and alfo the injury he had done to our ftate &c. and acknowledged the juftice of the court in their proceeding againft him. Yet all his confeflions were mixed with fuch excufes and extenuations, as did not give fatisfaftion of the truth of his repentence,.fo as it feemed to be done rather out of policy and to pacify the fling of his confcience, than in fincerity r but however his offences being fo foul and fcandalous, the church pre- iently caft him out, which cenfure he feemed to fubmit unto: and for the time he ftaid in Bofton (being four or five days) he was very much deje&ed &c. but being gone back he foon recovered hisfpirits again, or at leaft, gave not that proof of a broken heart .as he gave hope of at Bofton. For, to ingratiate himfelf with the ftate of England and with fome gentlemen at the river's mouth who were very zealous that way, and had lately fet up common prayer &c. he fent 13 men armed to Exeter to ' fetch one Gab. Fifti who was detained in the officers hands for fpeaking againft the King (the magiftrates of Exeter being then in the bay to take advice what to do with him:) andbefides, when the church and people of Dover defired him to forbear to come to the next court JOURNAL. $99 'till they had confidered of his cafe, and he had promifed fo to do, yet hearing that they were confulting to remove him from his government, he could not refrain, but came and took his place in the court, and tho' he had offered to lay down his place, yet when he faw they went about it, he grew paflionate, and expoflulated with them, and would not (lay to receive his difmiflion, nor would be feen to accept it when it was fent after him. Yet they proceeded and chofe one Roberts to be preiident of the court, and loon after they returned back Fifti to Exeter, which was coniiderately clone, for it had been a danger- Otis precedent again ft them, being a weak plantation, if the commiffioners from the lords of the council, who were daily expected, fhould have taken occafion to have done the like by ihem, tho' they held thcmfelves to be out of that province which was granted to Sir Ferdinand Gorges. Befides this, in the open court he committed one of his fellow magiftrates for riling up and faying he would not fet with an adulterer &c. But the chief mat- ter fc^r which they proceeded againft him was, that whereas he himfeif was the chief mover of them to break off their agreement with us, he had written to our Gov- ernor and laid it upon the people, efpecially upon fome among them : and for this they produced againft him a letter from our Governor written to one of their com- miffioners in anfwer to a letter of his, wherein he had difcovered the captain's proceeding in that matter. Soon after this the captain came by water into the bay to ten- der (as he faid) fatisfadion to the church. This was ta- ken by fome of the magiftrates as a very prefumptuos aft, and they would have had him imprifoned, fuppofmg that his fafe conduct would not bear him out having been once here and returned back again, but that council was not approved becaufe the time of his fafe conduct was not expired, and it was thought very dangerous to our re- putation to give the leaft occafion of reproach in this kind, feeing it might be objected againft us to our great prejudice, when we mould not have opportunity to clear our innocency, but the church not being fatisfied of his repentance, would not admit him to public fpeech, fo af- ter one week he returned home. In this winter, in a clofe calm day, there fell divers flakes of fnow of this form * very thin, and as exactly pointed as art could have cut them in paper. (i) 24, The church of Bofton fent three brethren, viz. Capt. Ed- 2 oo GOVERNOR WINTRHOP's 1640. Edward Gibbons, Mr. Hibbins and Mr. Oliver the younger with letters to Mr. Coddington and the reft of our members at Aquiday, to underftand their judgments in divers points of religion formerly maintained by all, or divers qf them, and to require them to give account to the church, of their unwarrantable practice of cemmu- nicating with excommunieated perfons. \Vhen they came they found that thofe of them who dwelt at New- port had joined themfelves to a church there newly con- ftituted, and thereupon they refufed to hear them as mef- fengers of our church, or to receive the church's lettersi Whereupon at their return, the elders and moft of the church would have caft them out as refufing to hear the church, but all being not agreed, it was deferred. 18 Mr. Norris was Ordained teacher of the church of Sa- lem, there being prcfent near all the elders of the other churches, and much people bcfide. i The white angel a fmall fhip of Briftol went from hence and arrived there in 24 days, and the fame year, the De- fire, a (hip built at Marblehead, of 100 tons went from hence in the iummer and arrived at Gravefend in the Thames in 23 days. Our neighbours of Plimouth had procured from hence^ this year, one Mr. Chancy e, a great fcholar, and a godly man, intending to call him to tne office of a teacher, but before the fit time came, he difcovered his judgment about baptifm. that the children ought to be dipped and not fprinkled, arid he being an aftive man, and very ve- hement, there arofe much trouble about it. The magif- trates and the other elders ther, and the moft of the people, withftood the receiving of that practice, not for itfelf fo much, as for fear of worfe confequences, as the annihilating our baptifm &c. "Whereupon the church there wrote to all the other churches both here and at Conne&icut &c. for advice, and fent Mr. Chancye's ar- guments. The churches took them into confideratiori and wrote their feveral anfwcrs, wherein they ihewed their diffent from him, and clearly confuted all his ar- guments, difeovering withal iome great miftakes of hi;; about the judgment and praclice of antiquity. Yet he would not give over his opinion, and the church of Plimouth, tho* they could not agree to call him to office, yet being much taken with his able parts, they were very loth to part with him. He dirt maintain alfo that the Lord's fupper ought to be administered in the evening ana JOURNAL. sot and every Lord's day ; and the church at Sandwich 1640. (where one Mr. Loveridge was minifter) fell into the pratlice of it, but that being a matter of no great ill confe* quence, Cave foine outward inconvenience, there .was lit- tle ftir about it. This Mr. Chancye was after called to office in the church of Scituate. One Palmer of Hingham and two others, being ancient and fkilful feamen, being in a fhaliop of 100 tons, in an eafterly wind by Peddock ifland, were overfet, yet one of them had the (beet in his hand and let fly, but it was too late, having but Ijttle ballafl in her, yet^ it pleafed God, there came by, foon after, a pinnace which efpied them fitting upon her fhrouds, yet deep in the water, and took, them up, but the fhaliop was not heard of after. Many men began to enquire after the fouthern parts, and the great advantages iuppofed to be had in Virginia and the W.Indies &c. made this country to be difefteem- ed of many, and yet thefe countries, for all their great \vealth, have fent hither, both this year and formerly, for fupply of cloaths and other neceifaries, and fome families have forfaken both Providence and other the Caribbee iftands and Virginia to come live here ; and tho' our people faw what meagre unhealthful countenances they brought hither, and how fat and well liking they became foon, yet they were fo taken with the cafe and plenty of thofe countries, as many of them fold their eflates here to tranfport themfelves to Providence. Among whom the chief was Jo : Humfrye Efq. a gentleman of fpecial parts of learning and aclivity, and a godly man, who had teen one of the firft beginners in the promoting of this plantation, and had laboured very much therein, h be- ing brought low in hiseftate, and having many children, and being well known to the lords of Providence, and offering himfelf to their fervice was accepted to b the next Governor. Whereupon he laboured much to draw men to join with him. This was looked upon by the general court and alfo by the elders, as an unwarrantable courfe, for tho' it was thought very needful to further plantations of churches in the Weft-Indies, and all were willing to endeavour the fame, yet to do it with difpa- ragement of this country (for they gave out that they could not fubfift here) caufed us to fear that the Lord was not with them in this way, and withal fome confidera- tions were propounded to them by the court, which di- vtrted fome of them, and made others to paufe upon three C c points. 02 GOVERNOR WINTHkOP's $040. points. Efpecially i. How dangerous it was to bring W-v- ^J up an ill report upon this good iand which God had 3 found out and given to his people, and fo to difcourage the hearts of their brethren ; and 2. To leave a place of reft and fafety to expofe themlelvei., their wives and children to the danger of a po'.ent enemy, the Spaniards. 3. Their fubjelion to fuch Governors as ihoie in Eng- land {hall let over them &c. Notwithstanding theie con- ft'jerations, divers of them perfiftcd in their refolutions, and went about to get fome fhip or bark to tranfport them, but they were (till croffed by the hand of God. Mo. 3. 17 Jofeph Grafton fet fail from" Salem the ad day in the morning in a Cavye of about 40 tons (three men and a boy in her) and arrived at Pcmaquid (the wind eaftcrly) upon the third day in the morning, and there took in fome 20 cows, oxen &c. with hay and water for them, and came to an anchor in the bay the 6ih day about 3 afternoon. It came over by divers letters and reports that the Lord Say did labour, by difparaging this country, to divert men from coming to us, and fo to draw them to the W. Indies ; and finding that godly men were unwilling to come under other governors than fuch as they {hould make choice of themlelves, they condefcended to articles fomcwhat fuitable to our form of government, altho' they Lad formerly declared themfelves much againfl it, and for a more ariftocratic and an hereditary magidracy to be fettled upon fome great perfons &c. The Governor alfo wrote to the Lord Say about the report aforefaid, and therein {hewed his lordftiip how evi- dent it was that God had chofen this country to plant his people in, and therefore how difplealing it would be to the Lord, and dangerous to himfelf to hinder this work, or to difcourage men from fupplying us, by abafing the goodnefs of the country which he never faw, and per- fuading men that there was no poflVbility of fubfi Hence \vhereas there was a fure ground for his children's faith, that being fent hithei by him, either he faw that the land was a good land and fufficient to maintain them, or elfe he intended to make it fuch &c. To this letter his lord- fhip returned anlwer, not denying that which was re- ported of him, nor the evidence of the Lord's owning the work, but alledging that this was a place appointed only for a prefent refuge, and that a better place being now found, we were *11 called to remove thither. Th" Utrt- W JOURNAL. 203 The court of election* was at Bofton, and Thomas 1640. Dudley Efq. was chofen Governor. Some trouble there had been in making way /or his election, and it was ob- tained with fome difficulty, for many of the elders labour- ed much in it, fearing left the long continuance of one man in the place fhould bring it to be for life, and in time, hereditary. Befide this gentleman was a man of approved wifdom and godlinefs, and of much good fer- vice to the country, and therefore it was his due to ferve in fuch honor and benefit as the country had to beRow, The elders being met at Bofton about this matter, lent fome of their company to acquaint the old Governor with their defireVi'-d the reafon-s moving them, clearing them- felves of all diflike of his government, and feriouily pro- fefling their finceie affefiions and refpect towards him, which he kindly and thankfully accepted, concurring with them in their motion, and exprefTing his unfeigned tie fire of more freedom,, that he might a little intend his private occaiions, \A herein llv.y well knew how much he had latclv fuifcred (for his bailiff whom he trufted with managing his farm had engaged him ^.2500 without his privity) in his outward eflate. This they had heard of, and were much aiftfted therewith, and all the country in general, and took courfe (the elders agreeing upon it at that meeting) that fupply Ihould be fent in from th feveral towns, by a voluntary contribution, for freeing of thofe engagements, and the court having no money to beftow, and being yet much indebted, gave his wife 3-,ooo acres of land, and fome of the towns fent in libe- rally, and fome others proniifed, but could perform but little, and the inoft nothing at all. The whole came to *5QO whereof near half came from Bofton. and one gentleman of Newbuiy Mr. Richard Dummer propound- ed for a fupplv by a more private way, and fur example, himfelf difburfed 100. This firft court there fell fome difference between the Governor and fome of the deputies about a vote upon a motion to have the fine of .200 impofed upon Mr. Ro- bert Kaine to be abated. Some would have had it at 100 others at 100 mills, others at 50. arid becaufe the Governor put the lowed to the vote firft, whereas divers called for the higheft, they charged the Governor with breach of order, whereupon he grew into fome heat, profefling that he would not fuffer fuch things &c. The deputies took this as a menacing, and much otience they took 304 GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P' took at it, but the next day he cleared his intention to them, and all was quiet. * Divers of the inhabitants of Jj'nne finding themfelves ftraitened, looked out for" a new plantation, and going to Long luand, they agreed with the Lord Sterling's agent there, one Mr. Forett, for a parcel of the ilia near the Weft end, and agreed with the indians for their right. The dutch hearing of this, and making claim to that part of the ifland by a former purchafe of the indians, fent men to take pofieffion of the place, and fet up the arms of the Prince of Orange, upon a tree. The Linne men fent ten or twele men with provifions &c. who began to build, and took down the Prince's arms, and in place thereof an indian had drawn an unhandfome face. The Dutch took this in high difpleafure, and fent foldiers and fetched away their men and imprifoned them a few days, and then took an oath of them and fo difcharged them. Upon this the Linne men finding themfelves too weak and having no encouragement to expect aid from the Englifh, defifted that place, and took another at the Eaft end of fche fame iiland, and being now about 40 families, they proceeded in their plantation, and called one Mr. Pierfon a godly learned man, and a member of the church of Bofton to go with them, who with fome 7 or 8 more of the company gathered into a church at Linne, before they went, and the whole company entered into a civil combination, with the advice of fome of our magiftrates, to become a corporation. Upon this occafion the Dutch Governor, one William Kiffe, a difcreet man, wrote to our Governor, and complaining of the Englifh ufurpation both at Connecticut, and now alfo at Long Ifland, and of the abufe offered to the Prince's arms &c. and thereupon excufed his imprifoning our men. To which the Gov- vernor returned anfwer, that our deiire had always been to hold a peace and good correfpondency with all our neighbours, and though we would not maintain any of our countrymen in any unjuft alion. yet we might not fuffer them to be injured &c. As for our neighbours of Connecticut &c. he knew they were not under our government, and for thofe at Long liland, they went vo- luntarily from us. This year there came over great (lore of provifions both out of England and Ireland, and but few paflfengers, and thofe brought very little money, which was occafioned fcy the ftore of money and quick markets which the mer- chants JOURNAL. 205 chants found here the two or three years before, fo as 1640. now all our money was drained from us, and cattle and v ' v ' J all commodities grew very cheap, which inforced us at the next general court in the 8th month, to make an or- der, That corn fhould pafs in payments of new debts, Indian at ^f the bus. rye at 5/and wheat at 6/^ and that upon all executions for former debts, the creditor might take what he pleafed, or if he had no goods, then his lands, to be appraifed by three men, one chofen by the , creditor, one by the debtor, and the third by the mar- fhall. One of the (hips which came this fummer ftruck upon a whale with a full gale, which put the fhip a ftays, the whale ftruck the fliip on her bow with her tail a little above water, and brake the planks and fix timbers and a beam, and (laved two hogfheads of vinegar. There was fome rumour of the indians plotting mif- Mo. 7* chief againfl the engHfh, and to ftrengthen this, the Gov- ernor of Plimouth Mr. Brodford, wrote a letter to thi* effeft, that he was informed, and did believe it, that the Naraganfett fachem Miantunomoh had fent a great pre- fent of wampom to the Mohawks to aid him againft the englilh, and that it was accepted and aid promtfed. The like news was brought by Mr. Haynes one of the magif- trates upon Connecticut, and many wordt were taken up from fome indians among us which our fears inter- preted the fame way. The Governor and council gave no great credit to thefe fufpicions, yet they thought fit to take order, ftrengthning the watches in all towns, and caufed them to be ordered by the military officers (being be- fore committed to the conftables charge) and withal fent Capt. Jsnyfon with three men and an indian interpreter to .the Naraganfett fachem to know the truth of their in- tentions &c. They were very kindly entertained, but they would not fpeak with him in the prefence of his in- dian interpreter. They denied all confederations with the Mohawks, and profeffed their purpofe to continue friendfhip with us, and not. to ufe any hoftility towards the englifh except they began &c. and promifed to come to Bofton (as he was defired) if Mr. Williams might come with him, . but that we had denied. Only Janemoh the Niantick fachem, carried himfelf proudly and refufed to come to us, or to yield to any thing, only he faid he would not harm us except we invaded him. The Governor and council took from Cutfhankin the pow- 206 GOVERNOR WINTRHOP's 1640. powder and {hot they had bought of our people, with v v <-* promife to pay for it or reflore it. &c. Mr. Collins This fummer there came divers godly men (as they pre* Cixriftophcn tenc ^ e( ^ froni papers) with their families. The oceafion was. one Mr. Collins a young fcholar full of zeal &c. preaching in the ifland, it pleafed God, divers were wrought upon by h^rh, but he and they being prefented, and r hrir liberty reftrained, they came away and brought all their fubftancc in tobacco, which came at fo dead a market t :s they could not get above two pence the pound (the freight ca.Yie to one penny the pound) nor could fell half at that race. They arrived firil at Q: ilipiack, fmce calVd New llavn, and fo difperfed themlelves here and there, ,;^ fome .returned to Ireland. Mr. Collins and one M r . Hav-j> a young man very well conceited of him- felf ai.d cfv.fonous of others, went to Aquiday, and fo foon as Hales became acquainted with Mrs. Hutchinfon he was taken by her and became ber difciple. Mr. Col* lins was entertained at Hartford to teach a fchool, and hearing of Mrs. Hutchirfors opinions &c. wrote to Mr. Hales tobeware of her. Mr. Hales returned him anfwer,and the next morning he went away without taking leave, and being come to Mrs Hutchinfon, he was alfo taken with her herefies, and in great admiration of her, fo as thefe and other the like before when fhe dwelt at BoOon gave caufe offufptcion of witchcraft, for it was cerf-ainly known that. Hawkin's wife who continued with her, and was her bofom friend, had much familiarity with the De- vil, in England, when fhe dwelt at St. Ives, where divers minifters and others reforted to her and found it tiue. This fummer here arrived one Mr. Thomas Gorge a young gentleman of the inns of court, a kinfmao to Sir Ferdinand Gorge, and fent by him with commiffion for the government of his province of Somerfetfhire. He was fober and well difpofed ; he ftaid a few days at Bof- ton and was very careful to take advice of our magiftrates how to manage his affairs c. When he came to Aco- menticus he found all out of order, for Mr. Burdett ruled all. and had let loofe the reins of liberty to his lufts - that he grew very notorious for his pride and adultery 5 and the neighbours now finding Mr. Gorge well inclined to reform things, they complained of him, and produced fuch foul matters againft him as he was laid hold on, and bound to appear at their court at Sacoe : but he dealt fo with fome other of the commifiioncrs that when the court JOURNAL. 207 court came, Mr. Vines and two more ftood for him, but 1640. Mr. Gorge having the greater part on his fide, and the jury finding him guilty of adukery and other crimes, with much labour and difficulty he ,was fined (under "30.) He appealed unto England, but Mr. Gorge would not admit his appeal, but feized fome of his cattle &c. Upon this Mr. Burdett went into England, but when he came there he found the ftate fo changed as his hopes were fruftrated, and he, after taking part wilh the cavaliers, was committed to prifon. One Baker, mailer's mate of the fhip being in drink, ufed fome reproachful words of the Queen, 'ihe Governor and Council were much in doubt what to do with him, but having considered that he was di {tempered and forry for it. and b^ ing a ftranger arv.1 a ..Hef officer in the fhip, and many fhips were then in harbour they thought it not fit to inflifc corporeal rur>ifhment upon him, but after he had been two or tiiieu days in prifon, he was let an hour at the whipping pcft with A paper en his head and fo difmiffed. Being the fecond day of the week, the Mary Rofe a Mo. 5. {hip of Briftol, of about 200 tons, her mafter one Capt. lying before Charleftown, was blown in pieces with her own powder, being 21 barrels, wherein the judgment of God appeared, for the mafter and company were many " of them profane fcoffers at us, and at the ordinances of religion here ; fo as our churches keeping a fait fcr our native country &c. they kept aboard at their common fervice when all the reft of the maftcrs came to our aifem- blies ; likewife the Lord's day following, and^ a friend of his going aboard next day and afking him why' he came not on fhore to our meetings, his anfwer was, that he had a family of his own, and they had as good fervice aboard as we had on fhore. Within two hours after this (being abont dinner time) the powder took fire (no man knows how) and blew all up, viz. the Captain and nine or ten of his men a"nd fome four or five ftrangers. There was a fpecial providence that there were no more, for many principal men were going aboard at that time, and fume were in a boat near the {hip, and others were diverted by a fudden ftorm of rain, and others by other occafions. There was one man faved, being carried up in the Icut- tle, and fo let fall in the fame into the water, and being taken up by the ferry boat near dead, he came to himWf the next morning, but could not tell any thing of the blow- ao8 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1640. blovving of the fhip, or how he came there. The reft of the dead bodies were after found much bnaifed and bro- ken. Some goods were faved,but the whole lois was efti- mated at "2,000. A aq^piece was found flicking in a chip, for there was above ".300 in money in her,and 15 tons of lead, and 10 pieces o( ordnance, which a year after were taken up, and the hull of the fhip.drawn a {hore. This judgment of God upon thefe fcorners of his or- dinance and the ways of his fervants (for they fpake verj evil of us becaufe they found not fogood a market for their commodities as they expefted) gives occafion to mention cither examples of like kind which fell out at this and other times, by which it will appear how the Lord hath owned this work, and pieferved and profpered his people here beyond ordinary ways of providence. One Capt. Mafon of London a man in favour at court, and a profefied enemy to us, had a plantation at Pifcat : \vhich he was at great charge about, and fet up a fawmill, but nothing profpered. He provided a fliip which fhould have been employed to have brought the general govern- or, or in fome other defign to our pi ejudice,but in launch- ing of it her back was broken. He alfo employed Gar- diner, Morton and others to profecute againfl us at coun- cil table, and by a quo taarranto, &c. fo as Morton wrote divers letters to his friends here, infulting againft us, and alluring them of our ipeedy ruin &c. But the Lord ftill disapproved them and fruflrated all their defigns. A* for this Morton he fell fick and died foon after, and in his fickncfs he fent for the minifter and bewailed his en- mity againft us, and promifed, if he recovered, to be as great a friend to New England as he had formerly been an enemy. Sir Ferdinand Gorge alfo had fided with our adverfaries againft us, but underhand pretending by his letters and ipeeches to feek our welfare : but he never profpered. He attempted great matters and was at large expences about his province here, but he loft all. One Auftin, a man of good eftate, came with his fami- ly in the year 1638 to Quinipiack, and not finding the country as he expected, he grew difcontented, faying that he could not fubfifthere, and thereupon made off his ef- tatr, and with his family andjT. 1,000 in his purfe, he re- turned for England in a {hip bound for Spain, againft the advice of the godly there, who told him he would be ta- ken by the turks : and it fo fell out, for in Spain he em- barked himfelf in a.great {hip bound for England which car- JOURNAL, 2C39 carried jTzoo.QOQ in money, but the fhip was taken by 1640.. the turks, and Auflin and his wife and family were car- ' ried to Algiers and fold there for ilaves. The Lord' hath fhewcd his difpleafure" againft others, tho' godly, who have fpojken ill of this country, and fo difcouraged the hearts of his people. Even the lords and others of Providence having fpoken Loo much in that kind, thinking thereby to further their own plantatic .. They fet out a fhip the laft year with paffengers and goods for Providence but it was taken by the turks. Captain Newman, the fame year, having taken good prize in their fervice, returning home when he was near Dover,was ta- enk by a Dunkirk and all loft. Mr. Humphry, who was now for Providence with his company, raifed an ill re- port of this country, were here kept, in fpight of all their endeavours and means to have been gone this winter, and his corn and all his hay to the value of *i6o were b^arnt by his own fervants who made a fire in his barn, and by- gunpowder, which accidentally took fire, confumed all; himfelf having at the court before petitioned for fome fupply of his want, whereupon the court gave him 250. Soon after alfo Providence was taken by the Spaniards, and the lords loft all their eare and coft to the value of above 60.000. Capt. Underbill being brought by the blefling of God in this church's cenfuie of excommunication, to remorfe for his foul fins, obtained, by means of the elders, and others of the church of Bofton, a fafe conduct under the hand of the Governor and one of the council to repair to the church ; he came at the time of the court of affift- ants ; and upon the lefture day, after fermon, the paftor called him forth and declared the Joccafion, and then gave him leave to fpeak : and indeed it was a fpcftacle which caufed many weeping eyes, tho' it afforded matter of much rejoicing, to behold the power of the Lord Jefus in his own ordinances when they are difpenfed in his own way, holding forth the authority of his regal fceptre in thefimplicity of the gT)fpel. He came in his word clothes (being accuftcmed to take great pride in his bravery and neatnefs) without a band, in a foul linen cap pulled clofe to his eyes, and. ftanding upon a form, he did, with majiy deep fighs and abundance of tears, lay open his wicked courfe, his adultery, his hypocrify, his perfecution of God's people here, and especially his pride (as the root of all v .icd God to give him over to his other finful D d courfes .'to GOVERNOR WIN THRO P's 1640. tourfes and contempt oF the magiftrates. He juftified v ' God and the church and the court in all that had been in- flicted on him. He declared what power Satan had of him fince the catting out of the church how his pre- fumptuous laying hold of mercy and pardon before God gave it. did then fail him when the terrors of God came upon him, fo as he could have no reft, nor could fee any iiVue but utter defpair, which had put him divers times upon resolutions of deftroying himfelf, had not the Lord in mercy prevented him even when his {word was ready to have done the execution. Many fearful temptations he met with betide, and in all thei'e his heart fhut up in hardnefs and impenitency as the bonciilave of fatan 'till the Lord after a longtime and great afflictions, bad bro- ken his heart, and brought him to humble himfelf before him nigbt and day with prayers and tears 'till his (Irength was wafted j and indeed he appeared as a man worn out with for row, and yet he could find no peace, therefore he was now come to feek it in this ordinance of God. He fpakc well, fave that his blubbering &c. interrupted hiring and all along he difcovered a broken and melting heart, asd gave good exhorrations to take heed of fuch vanities and beginnings of evil as had occafioned his fall ; and in the end he earneftly and humbly befought the church to have companion of him, and to deliver him out of the hands of fatan, fo accordingly he was received into the church again ; and after he carne into the court (for the general court began foon after) and made confeffion of his fin againft them &c. and defired pardon, which the court freely granted him fo far as concerned their private judgment, but for his adukerv they could not pardon that for example iake. nor would reftore him to freedom, tho' they releafed his banifhment, and declared the for- mer law againft adultery to be of no force, fo as there was no law now to touch his life, for the new law againft adultery was made fince. his fafl committed. He con- feiled aifo in the congregation that tho' he was very fa- miliar with that woman, arid had gained her affection &c. yet fhe withftooci him fix months againft all his iol- licitations (which he thought no woman could have re- filled) before he could overcome her chaftity, but being once overcome, fhe was wholly at his will, and to make his peace the more found, he went to her hufband (be- ing a cooper) and fell upon his knees before him in the prcfence of lomc of the elders and ethers, and confefled the JOURNAL. 21 the wrong he had done him, and befought him to forgive 1640. him, which he did very Freely, and in teftimony thereof he Tent the Captain's wife a token. It rained three days and nights together, and the tides were extraordiaary high. It is before declared how the church of Bofton fent Mo. a., melTengers and a letter to their members at Aquiday, and how they refufed to hear them, pretending themfelves to be no members, being now fo far removed. Whereupon the elders and moft of the church intended to have caft them out, as refufers to hear the church ; but iome others defired that the church would write to them once again, which accordingly was done, and the letter drawn by Mr. Cotton, wherein he fully repeated all former pro- ceedings, both of the church and of the- court, and ju (lifted both, and condemned their errors and difturbance of the peace here, and their remonftrance, and Mr. Wheel- wright's iermon (which formerly among other his fail- ings, being milled by their fubtilty &c. he had juflified and commended] and fhewed how the church had been wronged by them. Miantunomoh the fachem of Naraganfett came, and was met at Dorchefter by Capt. Gibbons and * guard^of twelve mufketeers, and well entertained at Roxbury by the Governor ; but when we came to parley he refufed to treat with us by our Pequod interpreter, as he had done before to Capt. Jenyion, and the Governor being as refolute as he, refufed to ufe any other interpreter, thinking it a difhonor to us to give fo much way to them. Whereupon he came from Roxbury to Bofton, departing in a rude manner, without (hewing any reipeft or fign of thankfulnefs to the Governor for his entertainment, whereof the Governor informed the general court, and would fhew him no countenance, nor admit him to dine at our table, as formerly he had done 'till he had acknow- ledged his failing &c. which he readily did, fo foon as he could be made to underftand it, and did {peak with pur committees and us by a Pequod maid who could {peak, englifh perfectly ; but it was conceived by ibme of the court that he kept back fuch things as he accounted fe- crets of ftate. and that he would carry home in his bread as an injury, the ft rift terms he was put to both in this, and the fatisEaftion he was urged to for not obferving our cuftorn in matter of manners, for he told us that when our men came to hinvthey were permitted to ufe their own fafhions, is GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1640. faihions, and fo he expefted the Came liberty with us : *-AT / fo as he departed and nothing agreed, only the former articles of peace were read to him and allowed by him with this addition, that if any of his men did fet traps in our jurifdiftion &c. they fhould be liable to fatisfy all damages &c. Mo. 8. The elders had moved at a general court before, that the diftindion between the. two jurifdiftioris might be fet down, that the churches might know their power, and the civil magiftrate his. The fame had been moved bv the magiftrates formerly, and now at this court they prefented a writing to that effeft to be coniidered by the court, wherein they declared that the civil magistrate fhould not proceed again ft a church member before the church had dealt with him, with Come other reftraints which the court did not allow of, fo the matter was re- ferred to further confidei ation, and it appeared indeed that divers of the elders did not agree in thofe points. At this court Mr. Ez : Rogers parlor of the church in Rowlye, being not kindly dealt with, nor juflly, as he alledged, concerning the limits of their town, moved for further enlargement for taking in a neck of land upon Merrimack near Cochitawit, for which end they defired their line might run fquare from Ipfwich line. This line was granted, and he faid it fhould fatisfy, but within an hour after, it was difcovered that he was miftaken, and that fuch a line would not reach the neck, whereup- on he came again and confeffed his miftake, and ftill de- manded the neck. The court was very doubtful what to do in it, having formerly granted a plantation at Co- chitawit, and did not yield his requeft. Whereupon he pleaded juftice, upon fome promifes of large accommo- dations &c. when we defired his fitting down with us, and grew into fome pafiion, fo as in departing from the court, he faid he would acquaint the elders with it. This behaviour being menacing, as it was taken, gave juft caufe of offence to the court, fo as he was fent for, not by the officer, but by one of Rowlye deputies. Before": he came he wrote to the Governor wherein he confeffcd his paflionatediftemper declared his meaning in thole often fivefpeeches, as that his meaning was that he would propound the cafe to the elders for advice only about the equity of it, which he ftill defended. This would not be accepted, but the court would have him appear and anfwer : only they left him to take his own time, fo the next JOURNAL. tig next day he came, not accompanied whh any other of 1640. the elders, tho' many were then in town, and did freely Ui >, *J and humbly blame himfelf for his pa (donate diftemper ; and the court knowing that he would not yield from the juiti ; thighs tore lived ten days. Mr. Pierce had read to the company that morning (as it fell in courfe) that in Gen. thelaft Lo I die, but God^vvill furcly vifit you and bring you back ; out of which words he uied godly exhorta- tions to them. Then they {hot from all pi;rts about 30 great {hot betides fmall, and tore the fails and fhrouds, but hurt not the bark, nor any perfon more in it. The other vefiei was then a league behind, which was mar- velled at for flae was the better failor, and could fetch wp the other at pleafure ; but that morning they could not by any means keep company with her. After this the paifengers being afhamed to return, would have been fet on fhore at Cape Grace de Dros or Florida, or Virginia, but the feamen would not, and thro' the wonderful pro- vidence of God they came all fafe home the 3d of yber following. This brought fowne of them to fee their error and acknowledge it in the open congregation, but others were hardened. There was a fpecial providence in that the minifters were fent prifoners into England before the ifland was taken, for otherwife it is moft probable they had been all put to the fword, becaufe fome Spaniards had been {lain there a little before by the deputy govern- or his command after the Lieut, had received them upon quarter, in an attempt they had made upon the ifland, wherein they were repulfed with the lofs of two or three thoufand men. They took it after and gave the people quarter and fent them home. A like providence there was, tho' not fo fafe, in that divers godly people in their voyage to the ifland the year before were taken prifoners by the turks and fo their lives faved paying their ranfom. This year divers- families in Linne and Ipfwich having fent to view Long Ifland, and finding a very commodi- ous place far plantations, but challenged by the Dutch, they treated with the Dutch Governor to take it from them. He offered them very fair terms as that they fbould have fhe very fame liberties both civil and cede-; ical which they enjoyed in the MaiTachuletts, only liberty for appeal to the Dutch, asd after ten vearsto pay| the ioih of their corn. The court were offended at this and fought to ftay them, not for going from us, but ior (rrengtheriirg the Dutch our doubtful neighbours, and taking tlaat from them which our King challenged and i.ied a patent of, with Martha's Vineyard and J O U R 4 N A L. 227 ether iflands thereby to the earl of Sterling, efpecially For 1641. binding themtelves by an oath of fealty ; whereupon di- ' vers ot the chief being called before the general court in 8ber, and reafons laid clown tp difluade them, they were convinced and promifed to defift. This lummer the merchants of Boston fet out a veflel again to the ifle of Sable, with 12 men, to ftay there a year. They fent again in the 8th month, and in three weeks the veflel returned and brought home 400 pr. of lea horfe teeth \vhich were efteemed worth ^300, and left all the men well and 12 ton of oil and many fkins which they could not bring away, being put from the if- land in a liorm. I muft here return to fupply what was omitted con- cerning the proceedings of the laft court of elections. There had been much labouring to have Mr. Bellingharn cholon, and when the votes were numbered he had fix moiv 'ban th*; others, but there were divers who had not given in their votes who now came into the court and de- tired I heir liberty which was denied by forne of the ma- giftratcs becaufe they had not given them in at the doors* But others thought it was an injury, yet were ftlent, be- caufe it concerned thernfelves, tor the order of giving in their votes at the door was ro order of court, but only direction of foine of the magi (1 rare?, and without queftion., if any freeman tender his vote before the clettion be pailed and publifhed, it ought to be received. Some of the freemen, without the confent of the ma- giflrates or Governor, had chofcn Mr. Nathaniel Ward to preach at this court, pretending that it was a part of their liberty. The Governor (whofe right indeed it is, for 'till the court be affembled the freemen are but pri- vate per(or^) would not ftrive about it, for though it did not belong to them, yet if they would have it, there was reafon to yield it to them. Yet they had no ki.r^at reafon to choofe him, tho' otherwife very able, feeing lie had cafl off his pallor's place at Ipfwich and was now no mi- nifrer, by the received determination of our churches* In his form on he delivered many ufeful things, but in a moral and political difcourfe, grounding his proportions much upon the old Roman and Grecian govern: which fure is an error, for if religion and tlx God makes- men wi for than their neighbours (and rhetV. times have the advantage of ?}\ that hav-- 1 ;ror.<; Ivfore MS in experience and o ssS GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P' 1641. thcfc helps, w may better frame rules of government for ourfelvcs than to receive others upon the bare authority of the wifdom, jaflice ' &c. of thofe heithsn. common- wealths. Among other things he advifed the people to keep all their magiflrates in an equal rank, and not give more honor or power to one than to another, which is cafier to advife than to prove, feeing it is againfl the prac- tice of Ifrael (where fome were rulers of thoufands, and fomc but of tens) and of all nations known or recorded. Another advice he gave, that magiftrates fhould not give private advice, and take knowledge of any man's caufe before it cam.; to public hearing. This was debated af- ter in the general court, where fome of the deputies mov- ed to have it ordered, but ic was oppofed by fome of the magiftrates upon thcfe reafons. i. Becaufe we inuft then provide lawyers to direct men in their caufes 2. The magiflrates rnuft not grant out original procefs as now they do, for to what end are they betrufled with this, but that they fhould lake notice of the caufe of the aftion, that they might either divert the fuit, if the caufe be unjuft, or direl it in a right ccurfe if it be good. 3. By this occafion the magiftrate hath opportunity to end many differences in a friendly way, without charge to the parties, or trouble to the court. 4. It prevents many difficulties and tcdioufnefs to the court to underftand the caufe aright (no advocate being allowed, and the parties being not able,' for the moft part to open the caufe fully and clearly efpecially in public.) 5. It is allowed in criminal caufes and why not in civil. 6. Where it is objected that fuch magiftrate is in danger to be prejudiced. Anfwer, If the thing be lawful and ufeful it rnuft not be laid afidefor the temptations which are incident to it, for in the leaft duties men are expofed to great temptations. At this court it was ordered thtt the elders {hould be defircd to agree upon a form of catechifm which might be put forth in print. Offence being taken by many of the people that the court had given Mr. Humphry 250, the deputies mov- ed it might be ordered that the court fhould not have power to grant any benevolences ; but it was confidered that the court could not deprive itfelf oi its honor, and. that hereby we fhould lay ablemifh upon the court, which might do more hurt to tjje country by weakening the re- putation of the wifdom 'and faithfulnefs of the court in the hearts oi" the people, than the money faved would re- com- JOURNAL, compeiica, therefore it was thought better to oi'dcr it by way of declaration, as if it were to deter importunity of fuitors in this hand, that the couvt would give no more benevolences 'till our debts were paid, and ftock in the trcafury, except upon foreign occafions &c.. There arofe a queftion in the court about the J3unifh- ment of fingle fornication, becaufe by the law of God, the man was only to marry the maid, or pay a fum of money to her father ; but the cafe falling out between two fervants, they were whipped for the wrong offered tb the matter in abufing his houfc, and were not able to make him other fatisfa&ion. The like difficulty a'rofs a- bout a rape, which was not death by the law of God, but feecaufe it was committed by a boy upon achild of 7 or 8 years old, he was feverely whipped. Yet it may feern by the equity of the law againfl fodomy, that it (hould be death, for a man to have carnal copulation with a girl fo young, as there can be no pollibility of generation, for it is againft nature as well as fodomy and buggery. At this court the gentlemen who had the two patents of Dover ftrawberry bank at Pifcat: in the name of the lords and thefe, granted all their intereft of jurifdi&ion &c.toour court, referving the moftof the land to thefri- felves ; whereupon a commiflion was granted to Mr. . Bradford and Mr. Simonds with two or three of Pifcat : 'to call a court there and affemble the people to take their fubmifl&on &c. but Mr*. Humphry, Mr. Peters and Mr. Daltonhad been fent before to underftand the minds of fhe people, to reconcile fome differences between them, and to prepare them. See more. Mrs. Hutchinfon and thofe of Aquiday ifland broached new heretics every year. Divers of them turned profefs- ed anabaptifts, and would not wear any arms, and denied all magiftracy among chriflians, and maintained that there were no churches fince thofe founded by the apoitles and evangelifts, nor could any be, nor any paftors ordained, 'nor leals adminiftered but by fuch, and that the church was to want thefe all the time fhe continued in the wil- derncfs, as yet fhe was. Her fOn Francis and her fon in law Mr. Collins (who was driven from Barbadoes where he had preached a time and done fome good, but fo foon as he came to her was infe&ed with her herefies) came to Bofton and were there fent for to come before the Gov- ernor and council, but they refufed to come except they were brought, fo the officer led him, and being conic (there o GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P's 641. (there were divers of the elders prefent) he was charged with a letter he had written to fome in our jurifdiftion, wherein he charged all our churckes and minifters to be antichriftian, and many other reproachful i peeches, term- ing our king, king of Babylon, and fought to poffefs the people's hearts with evil thoughts of our government and of our churches &c. He acknowledged the letter, and Maintained what he had written, yet fought to evade the confefling there was a true magirtracy in the world and that chriftians mufl be fubjeft to it. He mainlined alfo that there were no gentile churches(as he termed them )fmce the apoflles times, and that none now could ordain minif- ters &c. Francis Hutchinfon did agree with him in fome of thefe, but not refolutely in all ; but he had 'reviled the church of Bofton (being then a member of it) calling ;er a (trumpet. They were both committed to prHon ; and it fell out that one Stocldard, being then one of the con- fables of Bofton, was required to take Francis Hutchin- fon into his cuftody Hill the afternoon, and faid withal *o the Governor, fir, I carne to obferve what you did, that if you fhould proceed with a brother otherwife than you ought, I might deal with you in a church way. For this infolent behaviour he was committed, but being dealt with by the elders and others, he came to fee his error, which was that he did conceive that themagiftrate ought not to deal with a member of the church before the church had proceeded with him. So the next Lord's day in the open affembly, he did freely and very affec- tionately confefs his error and his contempt of authority, and being bound to appear at the next court he did the like there to the fatisfaftion of all ; yet for example's fake he was fined 2G/~. which, tho' fome of the magiftrates would have had it much lefs, or rather remitted, feeing his clear repentance and fatisfaclion in public left no poifon or danger in his example, nor had the common- wealth or any perfon fuftained danger by it. At the fame court Mr. Collins was fined 100 and Francis Hutchinfon 50 and to remain in prifon 'till they gave fecurity for it. We affefled the fines the higher, partly that by occafion thereof they might be the longer kept in from doing harm (for they were kept clofe prifoners) and alfo becaufe that family had put the country to fo much charge in the fynod and other occafions to the value of ^500 at leaft : but after, becaufe the winter drew on, and the prifon was inconvenient, we abated them to f^o and 20. JOURNAL. 231 ZQ but they feemed not willing to pay any thing. 1641. They refufed to come to the church uilemblies except they were led, and ib they came duly. At lail we took their own bonds for their fine, and io clifmiffed them. Other troubles aroie in the ifland by reaion of oneNi : Eafon a tanner, a man very bold, tho* ignorant, he ufing to teach at Newport where Mr. Coddington their Gov- ernor lived, maintained that man hath no power or will in himfelf, but as he is a&ed by God, and that feeing God filled all things, nothing could be or move but by him, and fo he muft needs be the author of fin &c. and that a chriflian is united te the effence of God. Being fhewed what blafphemous cenfequences would follow hereupon, they profeffed to abhor the confequences, but flill de- fended the proportions, which difcovered their igno- rance, not apprehending how God could make a creature as it were in himfelf, and yet no part of his eflencc, as we fee by familiar inflantes. The light is in the air, and in every part of it, yet it is not air, but a di{lint thing from it. There joined with Ni: Eafon Mr. Coddington, Mr. Coggefhali and fome others, but their minifter Mr. Clark and Mr. Lenthall and Mr. Harding and fome others dif- fented and publickly oppofcd, whereby it grew to fuch heat of contention, that it made a fchifm among them. Capt. Underbill coming to Bofton was prefently ap- Mo. 7, prehended by the Governor's warrant to appear at the next court, and bound for his good behaviour in the mean time, which was ill taken by many, feeing he did not ftand prefented by any man, and had been reconciled to the church and to the court who had remitted his fen- tence of banifhment, and fliewed their willingnefs to have pardoned him fully, but for fear offence. And it was held by fome of the magiftrates that the court, having re- verfedthe fentence againfl him for former mifdemeanors, had implicitly pardoned all other mifdemeanors before that time, and his adultery was no more than but a rnif- demeanor ; but to bind a man to his good behaviour when he {lands reconciled to the church and common- wealth was certainly an error, as it was alfo to commit fuch an one, being not prefented ncr ace vied. So eafily may a magiftrate be milled on the right hand by the fe- cret whifperings of fuch as pretend a zeal of juftice and the punifhment of fin. The Governor caufed him to be indi&ed at the next court, but he was acquitted by pro- clamation. It 2 3- GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1641. It being court time, about 7 or S in the evening there v v ' appeared to the fouthward a great light, about 30 or 40 Mo. 7. 11. feet in length ; it went very IwiJFt, and continued about a minute. It was obferved by 'many in the bay and at Plimouth and New-Haven &c. and it fcemed to all to be in the fame pofition. 1 5 A g reat training at Bofton two days. About 1200 men were exercifed in moft forts of land fervice ; yet it was obferved that there was no man drunk, tho' there was plenty of wine and ftrong beer in the town not an oath iworn no quarrel, nor any hurt done. The parliament in England falling fo readily to reform all public grievances, fomc of our people being then in London, prefered a petition to the lords heufe for redrefs of that reftraint which had been put upon {hips and paf- fengers to N. England, whereupon an order was made that we fhould enjoy all our liberties &c. according to our patent, whereby our patent which had been condemned and called in upon an erroneous judgment in a quo war- ,.g, ranto was now implicitly received and confirmed. This petition was preferred without warrant from our court. K (7) s* A day of thankfgiving was kept in all our churches for the good fuccefs of the parliament in England. This year men followed the fifhing fo well that there was about 300,000 dry fi Pn fent to the market. The lords and gentlemen that had two patents at Pifcat : finding no mqans to govern the people there, nor to ref- train them from fpoiling their timber &c. agreed to affign their interefttous (rcferving the greateft part of the pro- priety of their Lands.) So commiffioners being fent thi- ther, the whole river agreed to come under our jurifdic- tion under two proportions, i. If we took them in up- on a voluntary fubmiffion, then they would have liberty ,to choofe their own magiitrates &c. 2. If we took them in a,s being within the line of our patent, they would then fubmit to be as Ipfwich and Salem &c. and would have fuch liberties for felling timber &e. as they had enjoyed &c. and fo referred it to the next general court ; and to have courts there as Ipfwich and Salem had. And ac- cordingly at the general court in the 3d Mo. next, they fent two deputies, who being members of the church there, werefworn freemen, and order made for giving the oath to others at their own court the like liberty to other courts for eafe of the people. Mo. 9,8. Mons'r. Rochell, a Rocheller and a proteftant come from JOURNAL. 133 from Mons'r La Tour, planted upon St. John's river up 1641. the great bay on this fide Cape Sable. He brought no v * -> letters with him, but only letters from Mr. Shurt of Pema- quid, where he left his men and boat. He propounded to us i. liberty of free commerce. This was granted. 2. A fli (lance again ft D. Aulne of Penobfcott whom he had war with. 3. That he might make return of goods out of England by our merchants. In thefe two we excufed any treaty with him, as having no letter or commifiion from La Tour. He was eourtcoufly entertained here, and after a few days'departed. Query, whether the following be fit to be publifhed. The Governor Mr. Bellingham was married, (I would not mention fuch ordinary matters in our hifiory, but by occafion of fome rem-trkable accidents. The young gen- tlewoman was ready to be contracted te a friend of his who lodged -in his houfe, and by his confent had pro- ceeded io far with her, when on the fudcien the Govern- 6f treated with her, and obtained her for himfelf. He f excufed it bv the ftrength of his aftetion, and that {he wa not ablolutely promifed to the other gentleman. Two errors more he committed upon it. i. That he would not have his contraft publifhed where he dwelt, centrary to an order of court. 2. That he married him- felf, contrary to the conftant practice of the country. The great inqueft prefented him for breach of the order of court, and at the court folhiwing in the 4th Month, the fecretary called him to anfwer the profet-ution, but he not going off the bench as the manner was, and but few of the magiftrates prefcnt, he put it off to another time, intending to fpeak with him privately, and with the reft of the magiiliates about the cafe, and according- ly he told him the reafon why he did not proceed, viz. being unwilling to command him publicly to go off the bench, and yet not thinking it fit he fhould fit as a judge when he was by law to anfwer as in offender. This ho took ill, and faid he would not go off the bench except he were commanded. Archibald Thomfon of Marblehcad carrying^ dung to his garden in a canoe upon the Lord's day, in fair wea- ther and (till water, it funk under him in the harbour near the fhores and he was never feen after. ' One Knore of Charleftown coming down Miflirk in a fmall boat laden with wood was fouiui dead in it i *ood G g 34 GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P' 1641. caveat for men not to go fmgle in boats in fuch a feafoa * " V iJ of the year, for it was very ftormy weather* (9) 12. A great temped of wind and rain from the S.E. all the night, as fierce as an hurricane. It continued very vio- lent at N.W. all the day after. Divers boats and one bark were caft away in the harbour but (which was a wonder to all) no dwelling houfe blown down, nor any perfon killed ; and the day after it came to S.E. again, and continued all the night with much wind and rain ; and thereupon (it being about the new moon) followed the higheft tide which we had feen fmce our arrival here. The fummer pad was very cool and wet fo as much in- dian corn never ripened, tho' fome flood 'till the 2Oth of this month. It was obferved that people who fed upon that corn were extraordinarily infe&ed with worms in their bodies all the year following, which in fome was we'll prevented by leaving their bread and feeding upon faltfifh. The Charles of Dartmouth of 400 tons, lying at Pifcat : to take in pipe (laves, was forced from her anchors in the lafl temped and driven upon the rocks ; yet all her mafts were before taken down to be new mafted. There rode by her a fmall {hip which was fafe. This fmali fhip was before defpifcd by the men of the greater, and they would needs unrig their (hip upon the Lord's day, tho' they were admonifhed not to do it. In the fame great tempeft a ihallop of 3 tons rode it out all night at the head of Cape Anne, and came in fafe after. Mr. Stephen Batchellor the paftor of the chureh at Hampton, who had fuffered much at the hands of the bifhops in England, being about 80 years of age, and hav- ing a lufly comely woman to his wife, did folicit the chaf- tity of his neighbour's wife, who acquainted her hufband therewith ; whereupon he was dealt with, bufe denied it, as he had told the woman he would do, and complained to the magiftrates again ft the woman and her huiband for flandering him. The church likewife dealing with him, 'ic ftiffly denied it, but loon after when the Lord's fupper was to be adminiftered, he did voluntarily confefs the at- tempt, and that he did intend to have defiled her if ftie would have confented. The church being moved with his free confeflfion and tears, filently forgave him, and communk ' tecl with him : but after, finding how fcanda- Icus it \v3i- they took advice of other elders, and after long JOURNAL. long debate and much pleading and flandiug upon the 1641. church's forgiving and being reconciled to him in com- v municating with him after he had corifeffed it, they pro- ceeded to eafthimout. After this he went on in a vari- able courfe, fometimes feeming very penitent, foon after again excufing hirnfelf, and cafting blame upon others, efpecially his fellow elder Mr, Dalton, (who in- deed had not carried himfelf in this eaufe fo well as be- came him, and was brought to fee his failing, and ac- knowledged it to the elders of the other churches who had taken much pains about this matter) fo he behaved himfelf to the elders when they dealt with hirn. He was off and on fora long time, and when he hadfeemed moft penitent, fo as the church were ready to have received him in agnin, he would fall back again, and as it were re- pent ot his repentance. In this time his hoqfe, and near all his fub fiance was confumed by fire. W-hcn he had continued excommunicated near two years, and much agitation had been about the matter, and the church be- ing divided, fo ashs could not be received in at length, the matter was referred to fame magiftrates and elders, and by their mediation he was releafed of his excommu- nication, but not received to his paflor's office. Upon bccafion of this meeting for mediation, Mr. Wilfon paf- tor of Bofton wrote this letter to him, (the letter is wor- thy infcrting.) [The. lettter is not in the manufcript. Edit."] The general court held in the ioth month- paft was full of uncomfortable agitations and contentions* The prin- cipal occafion (for hiftory muft tell the whole truth) was from the Governor, who being a gentleman of good re- pute in England for wifdom and godlincfs, finding now that fotne other of the magidrates bare more fway with the people than himfelf, and that they were called to be of the (landing council for life, and himfelf paffed by, was fo taken with an evil fpirit of emulation and jcaloufy (thro' his melancolic difpolition) as he fet himfelf in an oppofite frame to them in -all proceedings, which did much retard all buiinefs, and was occafion of g-rief to ma- ny godly minds, and matter of reproach to the whole court in the mouths of others, and brought himfelf low in th-s cys of thofe with whom formerly he had been in honor. Some inftanccs I will give. There fell out a cafe between Mr. Dudly one of the council, and Mr. Howe a ruling aider of the chu~c ! i of Wa- 6 GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P' 1641. Watertown about a title to a mill. The cafe is too long sr '* here to report, but it was fo clear on Mr. Dudley's part both in law .and equity (mod of the rnagi f lrates alfo and deputies concurring therein) as the elders, being defired to be prefeni at the hearing of the cafe, they alfo con fen ted with ttee judgement of the court, before the cafe was put to vote, and (ome of them humbly advifed the court that it would begreailv to their difhonor. and an apparent in- juftice. if they fhould otherwife determine : notwithfbmd- ing, h,e ftill lab-.mred to h;.ve the caufe carried againft Mr. Dudlcv reproved fome of ihe elders for their faith- ful advice :ook upon him to anfwer all he Arguments, but fo weakly as many were afhamed at it, and in reading an order of rourt whereupon theiffue of the cafe chiefly depended, lie fought to help himfelf by fuch unworthy fhifts, as interpreting fome things ao >.inft the very letter and common fen fc-. wholly omitting the moft material part &c. re f u fin-.; to put things to the vote that made a- gainft his purpo.Ce &c. that all might fee by what fpirit He was led. Another cafe fell out about Mr. Maverick of Nottles ifland who had been formerly fined, 100 for giving en- tertainment to Mr. Owen and one Hale's wife who had efcaped out of prifon where they had been put for no- torious fufpicion of adultery, as fhall after be (hewed. The court upon his petition had referred it to the ufual committee who made return that their opinion was, the court might do well to remit it to 60 which he knew Xvould pleafe fome of the council well, who had often de- clared their judgment that fines fhould be fo impofsd as they might upon occafion be moderated. So when the petition was returned to him he takes it and alters the fum from 60 to ^80 without acquainting the court therewith, nor would fay that he had done it when the committee informed the court of the alteration, before the fccretary charged him with it. Then he faid he did it in jcft, and when the fecretary faid he had reformed it, and the court called to h*ve it put to the vote, he refufed, and ftirred up much heat and contention about it, fo in the end the court required the deputy to put it to the vote. Upon thefe and other mifcarriages the deputies con- fulted together, and fent up their fpeaVer, with forne Others, to give him a folemn. admonition, which was never JOURNAL, 37 never done to any Governor before, nor was it in their power without ?he magistrates ha-i joined. Thefe continual oopofuions and cielavs tending to the hindrance and perverting of jnftice, afforded much oc- cafion of gncfto ail the magtftrates. efpecially to Mr. Dudley, who being a very wife and jud man, and one that would not be trodden under foot of any man, took occafion (alledging his age &c.) to tell the court that he was refelved to leave his place, and therefore defired them again ft the next court of elections to think of fome oth^r. The court was much affecled with it, and in- treated him, with manifedat.ion of much affe&ion and refpect towards him to leave off thefe thoughts, and of- fered him 4ny eafe and liberty that his age and infirmities might (land in ne?d of, but he continued refolute. Thereupon the Governor alfo made a fpeech, as if he de- fired to leave his pi ice of magiflracy alfo, but he was fain to make his own an Tver, for no man defired him to keep, or to confider better of it. This fefnon continued taree weeks, and eftablifhed 100 laws, which were called the Body of Liberties. They had been compofed by Mr. Nathaniel Ward (Sometime pador of the church of Ipfwich : he had been a minifter in England, and formerly a ftudent and pracYifer in the courfe of the common lav/) and h*d been revifed and altered by the court, and fent forth into every town to. be further confidered of, and now again this court, they were revifed, amended and prefenfed, and fo eftablifh- ed for three years, by that experience to have them fully amended and eftablifhed to be perpetual. At this feflion Mr. Hathorn one of the deputies, and ufually one of their fpeakers, made a motion t fome other of the deputies of leaving out two of their an- cienteft magiftrates, becaufe they were grown poor, and fpake reproachfully of them under that motion. This coming to Mr. Cotton his knowledge, he took occafion from his text the next lefture day, to confute, and fharp- ly (in his mild manner) to reprove fuch mifcarriage, which he termed a flighting or dishonoring of parents, and told the country that fuch as were decayed in their eftates by attending the fervice of the country ought to be maintained by the country, and not fet afide far their poverty, being otherwife fo well gifted, and approved by long experience to be faithful. This public reproof gave fuch a check to the former motion as it was never revived after 8 GOVERNOR WINTHROP'* 1641. after, yet by what followed it appeared that the fire from which it brake out, was only raked up, net quenched, as will be {hewed anon. Mr. Hathorn and fome others wre very very earneft to have fome certain penalty fet upon lying, fwearing &c. which the deputy and fome other of the magiftrates op- pofed, (not difliking to have laws made againft theft or any other offences but in refpeft of the certain punifh- ment) whereupon Mr. Hathorn charged him witk feek- ing to have the government arbitrary &c. and the matter grew to fome heat, for the deputy was a wife and a itout gentleman, and knew Mr. Hathorn his neighbour well, but the ftrife foon fell, and there was no more fpoken of it that court. Yet this gave occafion to fome of the ma- giftrates to prepare fom arguments againft the courfe in- tended, of bringing all punifhments to a certainty. The fcope of thefe reafons was to make good this propofi- ftion, viz. All punifhments except fuch as are made cer- tain in the law of God or are not Fubjeft to variation by merit of circumftances, eught to be left arbitrary to the wifdom of the judges. Reafon i. God hath left a pattern hereof in his word where fo few penalties are prefcribed, and fo many re- ferred to the judges ; and God* himfelf varieth tke pu- nifhments of the fame offences as the offences vary in their circumftances ; as in rnanflaughter, in the cafe of a riotous fon proving incorrigible, in the fame fin aggra- vated by prefumptuous theft &c. which are not only rules ia thefe particular cafes, but to guide the judges by pro- portion in all other cafes, as upon the law of adultery, it may be a queftion whether Bathfheba ought to die by that law, in regard of the great temptation, and the com- mand and power of the kings of Ifrael. So that which was* capital in the men of JabeQi Gilead, Judges in not coming up to the princes upon proclamation, was but conftfcation of goods &c. in Ezra 10. 8. See ad Sam. $4. 6. 11. Reafon 2. All punifhments ought to be juft, and of- fences varying fo much in their merit by occafion of cir- cumftances, it would be unjuft to inflift the fame punifh- mentupon the lea ft as upon the greateft. 3. juftice requireth that every caufe (hould be heared before it be judged, which cannot be when the fentence and punifhment if determined before hand. 4. Such parts and gifts at the word of God requires JOURNAL. *39 in a judge, were not fo neceffary if all punifhments were 1641. determined beforehand. ^ ^_.^.^.-^ 5. God hath not confined all wifdom&c. to any one ge- neration that they fhould fet rules for all others to walk by. 6. It is againft reafon that fonie men (hould better judge of the merit of a caufe in the bare theory thereof, than others (as wile and godly) (hould be able to difcern of it pro re nata. 7. Difference of times, places &c. may aggravate or extenuate feme offences. 8. We mufl truft God, who can and will provide as wife and righteous judgment for his people in time to come ; as in the prelent or forepafled times ; and we fhould not attempt the limiting of his providence^ and frustrating the gifts of others by determining all punifh- menls &c. In theft and fome other cafes, as cafes capital, God Ob, hath prefcribeda certain punifhment. Ans. t. In theft &c. the law refpe&s the damage and injury of the party, which is ftill one and the fame, tho* circumftances may aggravate or extenuate the fui. 2. In capital cafes death is appointed as the higheft degree of punifhmest which man's juftice can reach. Then we might as well leave all laws arbitrary at the Ob, difcretion of the judge. Ans. i. The reafon is not like. i. God gave a certain law where he left the puifhment arbitrary, fo as we have a clear rule to guide the law where the punifhment may be uncertain. The varying of the offence in the circum- ftances doth not vary the ground or equity of the law, nor tke nature of the guilt, as it doth the meafure of the reward. He is as freely guilty of theft who fteals a loaf of bread for his hunger, as he that fteals an horfe for hit pleafure. The fttatutes in England fet down a certain penalty Ob. for mod offences. Ans. i. We are not bound to make fuch examples ourfelves. 2. The penalty, commonly, is not fo much as the leaft degree of that offence dc- frves : i2d for an oath, 55 for drunkennefs c. Thofe of Providence, being all anafeaptiftg, were di- Mo. 12. vided in judgment ; fotne were only againft baptizing of infants ; others denied all magiftracy and churches &c. of which Gorton, who had lately been whipped at Aqui- day as is before mentioned, was their infiruftor and cap- tain. Thcfe being two ftrong for the other party, pro- voked o GOVERNOR WINTRHOP's 1641. vokcd them by injuries, fo as they came armed into the field, each againil other, but Mr. Williams pacified them for the prefent. This occasioned the weaker party to write a letter under all their hanas, to our Governor and ma- gii'h-aus, complaining of the wrongs they fuffered, and defiring aid, or if not that, couniel from us. We an- fwered them that \ve could not levy any \var &c. with-0 a general court. For counfcl we told rhem, that except they did fubmit themfelves to fome jurifdi&ion, either Plimouth or our's, we had no calling or warrant to in- j terpofe in their contentions, but if they were once tub- je& to any. then they had a calling i.r protecl them. After this anfwer we heard no more from them for a time. The froft was fo great and continual this winter that all the bay was frozen over, fo much and fo long, as the like, by the indians relation, had not been thefe 4oyearSj and it continued from the i8th of this month, to the 21 ft of the i2ih month ; fo as horfe and carts went over in many places where {hips have failed. Capt. Gibons and his wife with divers on foot by them, came riding from his farm at Pulln point, right over to Bofton the i7th * of the i2th mo. when it had thawed fo much as the wa- ter was above the ice half a foot in fome places ; and they paffed with loads of wood and fix oxen from mud- . dy river to Bofton, and when it thawed it removed great rocks of above a ton or more weight, a*id brought them on fhore. The fnow likewife was very deep efpecially northward about Acomenticus above three feet, and much moie beyond. It was frozen alfo to fea fo far as one could well difcern. To the fouthward alfo the froft was as great and the fnow as deep, and at Virginia itfelf the great bay was much of it frozen over, and all their great rivers, fo as they loft much cattle for want of hay, and moft of their fwine. There was a ihallop with eight men to go from Pifeat : to Pemaquid about the beginning of the froft, they would needs fet forth upon the Lord's day, tho' forewarned &c. Thy were taken with a N.W. tempeft and put ta< fea about 14 days : at length they recovered Monhigen. Four of them died with cold, the reft were difcovered by a fiiherman a good time after and fo brought off the ifland. There was great fear left much huit might have been done J O U R N A. L. 241 clone upon the breaking up of the fro ft (men and beaOs 1641. were grown Co cold) but by the good providence of God, v - . ^ not one pecfon mifcarried fave one Warde of Salem, an honeft young man, who going to fh~w a traveller the fitf- eftpaflage over the river, as he thought, by the falthoufe, fell in, and the' he had a pitch fork in his hand, yet was prefently carried under the ice by the tide. The travel- ler fell in with one leg while he went to help the other, but God preferred him. lie had about him ail the letters from England v/hich v/ere brought in a (hip newly ar- rived at the ifle of flioals, which fure were the occafion of God's prefarving him, more ban any goodnefs of the man. Mo ft of the bridge were broken /down and divers mills. f About thi* <-ime one Turner of CharleRown a man of about .50 years of age, having led a loofe and diforderly life, and being wounded in conference *t a icrT.cn of Mr. Shepherd's, he kept it in and did not difccver his diftrefi to fuch as might have oiTcred him help &c. nor did at- tend upon the public' means as he ought to have done, and after a good ("pace he went out from his wife on the Lord's day at night, having kept at home ail that day, and drowned himfelf in a little pit where was not above two feet water. At New Haven there was a fow which among oilier pigs had one without hair, and feme oilier human refem- blances, it had alfo one eye blemifhed, juft like one eye of a loofe fellow in the town, which occafioned him to be fufpefted, and being examined before the magii1rat.es, he confeiTsd the faft, for which, after they had written to us, and fome other places for advice, they put him to death. Three men coming in a fhailop from Brantrce, the wind taking them fi-iort at Caille ifland, one of them flopping forward to hand the fail, caufed a fowling piece with a frcnch lock, which lay in the boat, to go off. The \vhole charge went through the thigh of one man .within one inch of his belly, yet miffed the bone, then the fhot (being goofe fhot) fcattered a little and (IrueV the adman under his right fide upon his breaft, fo as above 40 (hot entered his body, many into the capacity of his breaft. The 3d man being now only able to fterr, but not to get home the boat, it pleafed God the wind favored him fo as he did fetch the Governor's g*n!en, and there being a fmall boat and men at jhat time, they brought them to Bofton before they were too far front with cold and p II h ' and ,a i, O V F. R N O R W 1 N T H R O P s 164-.!. and beyond all expectation, they were both foon per- fectly recovered, yet he who was {hot in the bread fell in- to a fever and fpil blood. One Jo. Turner a merchant's fa&or of London had gone from hence to the W. Indies the year before in a imall pinnace of 15 tons and returned with great advan- tage in indigo, pieces of 8 &c. He faid he got them by trade, buf it was iufpcfted he got them by prize. He pre- pared a bigger veflel and well manned in the beginning of winter, and putting to fea was forced in again three twines, i. by a leak. 2. by contrary wind, and 3. he fpent his rnaft in fair weather, and having gotten a new at Cape Anne, and towing it towards the bay, he loft it by the way, and fo by thefe occalions and by the fro ft, he was kept in all winter : thereupon he gave over hi voyage and went to Virginia and there fold his veifel and (hipped himfelf and his commodities in a dutch (hip for the W. Indies. Mr. William Afpenwall who had been banifhed, as is before declared, for joining with Mr. Wheelwright, being licenfed by the general court to come and tender his fub- mifuon &c. was this day reconciled to the church of Bof- ton. He made a very free and full acknowledgment of hi* error and fedncement, and that with much deteftation of his fin. The like he did after, before the magiftrates, who were appointed by the court to take his fubmiflion, and upon their certificate thereof at the next general court, his ieiitence of banifhment was releafed. It is obfervable how the Lord oloth honor his people! andjuftify their ways even before the heathen when their proceedings are true and juft, as appears by this inftance, Thole at New-Haven intending a plantation at Delaware, fcnt fome men to purchafe a large portion of land of thcj indians there, hut they refufed to deal with them. It (c fell out that a Pequod fachem (being fled his country ir our war with them, and having feated himfelf with hi: company upon that river ever fince,) was acciden- thereat that time, he taking notice of the Englifti a their deftre, perfuaded the other fachem to deal will them, and told him that howfoever they had killed hi countrymen and driven him out, yet they were honci men, and had juft caufe to do as they did, for the Pequod had done them wrong, and refufed to give inch reafona ble iatisfa&ion as was demanded of them : whcreupo th J O U R N A L. thefachem entertained them and let them have what land they defired. A general fad was k-^pt for our native country and Ire- 2. i land, and our own occasions. The fpring began very early, and the weather was ve- ry mild, but the 3d and 4th month proved very wet and cold, fo that the low meadows were much fpeiled, and at Connefticut they had fuch a flood as brake their bridges and killed all their winter corn, and forced them to plant much of their indian over. The laft winter divers veflels were cafl^away to the fouthward, one at Long-Ifland, wherein 8 or 9 perfons were drowned. Thefe were loofe people who lived by trucking with the indians. The Ihip Eleanor of London, one Mr. Jugle mafler, Mo. 3. 9. arrived at Rofton. She was laden with tobacco from Virginia, and having been about 14 days at lea, (he was takcMi with fuch a tempeft, as tho' all her fails were down and m ide up, yet they wer blown from the yards, and (he was laid only on one fide s| hours, fo low as the wa- ter flood upon her deck, and the fea over-raking her con- tinually, and the day was as dark as if it had been night, and tho' they had cut her mafts, yet (he righted not 'till the tempeft afTwaged. She ftaid here 'till the 4. of the (4) and was well fitted with mafts, Tails, rigging and vic- tuals at fuch reafbnable rates as the rrufter was much af- fefted with his entertainment, and profefsed that he ne- ver found the like ufage in Virginia where he had traded thefe ten vea-^s. Capt. Underbill finding no employment here that would maintain him and his family, and having good of- fers made him by the Dutch Governor (he fpeaking the Dutch tongue and his wife a Dutch woman) had been with the Governor, and being returned cleared the church's leave to depart. The church underdanding that the Englifh at Stamford near the Dutch, had offer- ed him employment and maintenance (after their ability) advifed him rather to go thither feeing they were o .r countrymen and in a church ci^atc. He accepted this advice. His wife being more forward to this contented, and the church furnifhed him out, and provided a pin- nace totranfport him ; but when he came there lie chang- ed his mind, or at lead his courfe, and went to the Dutch. The court ofeleftions was. Mr. Wintlti, p was g- p was again ;^ chofen Governor, and Mr, F.ncneott Dep. Governor. 1 hi* 4 GOVERNOR WINTRHOP'* 1642. This-being done, Mr. Dudley wenfe away, and though h* vr-*-' were chofen an affiftant, yet he would not accept it. Some of the elders went to his houfe to deal with him, hisanfwer was, that he had fufticient reafons to excufa and warrant his refufal, which he did not think fit to publifh, but he would impart to any one or two of them whom they fhould appoint, which he did accordingly. The eiders acquainted the court with what they had done, but not with tne reafons of his refuted, only that they thought them not fufficiccnt. The court fcnt a magif- trst utici two deputies to defire him to come to the court, for as a counfellor he was to aflift in the general court. The next day he came, ir.d after forne excufe he con fen t- cd to accept ihtf place, fo that the court would declare that if ar any time he fKoulti depart out of the jurifdic-* tion (which he pi lie did not intend) no oath, ei- ther of officer, countellor or afliftant i'hould hold him in any bond which he flood. Hedefired not for his own fitisfaftion, but that it might be a fatisfa&ion to others who might fcmule his liberty herein. After much de- bate the court made a general order which gave him la- tis faction. One Mr. Blinman a minifter in Wales, a godly and able man, coma over with Ibine friends of his, and being invited to Green's harbour near Plimoutb, they went thither, but 'ere the year was expired, there fell out fame difference among them, which by no means could be re- conciled, fo as they agreed to part, and he came with his: company and fjit down at Cape Anne which at this, court was eftablifhed to be a plantation, and called Glo- cefler. A book was brought into the court wherein the infti-r tution of the {landing council was pretended to be a fin- ful innovation. The Governor moved to have the con- tents of the book examined, and then, if there appeared caufe, to inquire after the author. But the greatsft part of the court having fome intimation of the author, of whofe honeft intentions they were well perfuaded, would not confent, only they permitted it to be read, but not to be fpoken unto, but would have inquiry firft made how it came into the court : where upon it was found to have been made by Mr. Saitonftall one of the affiftants, and by him fent to Mr. Hathorn (then a deputy of tha court) to be tcndred to the court, if he (hould approve of it." Mr. Hathorn did not acquaint the court with it, but de- livered JOURNAL 145 liyercd it to one of the freemen to con fider of, with whom 1642. it remained about half a year 'till he delivered it to Mr. v Dudley. This difcovery being made, the Governor mov- ed again that the matter of the book might be considered, but the court could not agree to it except Mr. Sahon- ilall were firft acquit from any cenfure concerning the laid book. This was thought to be a courfe out of all order, and upon that fome palftgss very ofFen five and unwarrantable wera mentioned, about which alfo the court being divided, the Governor moved to take the ad- vice of the elders concerning the foundnefs of the pro- pofitions and arguments. This the court would not al- low neither, except the whole caufe were referred alfo, which he thought fure they would have accepted, for the caufe being of a civil n A ture,,it belonged to the court, and not to the elders, to judge of the merit thereof. In the end, a day or two af ?*, when no further proceeding was otherwife like to be had, it was agreed, that in regard the court was notjealou* of any evil intention in Mr. Sal- tonftall &c. and that when he did write and deliver it (as was fuppofed) there was an order in force which gave liberty to every freeman to confider and deliver their judgments to the next court about fuch fundamental laws as were then to be eftablllhed (whereof one did concern the inftitrition and power of the council) therefore he fhould be difcharged from any cenfure or further enquiry about the fame, which was voted accordingly, all ho* there were fome expreffions in the book which would not be warranted by that orde," 3 as that the council was inftituted unwarily to fatisfy Mr. Vane's defire &c. whereas it was well known to many in the court, as themfelvea affirmed, that it was upon the advice and fo- licitation of the elders and after much deliberation from court to court. Other paflages there were alfo which were very un found, reproachful and dangerous, and was manifefled by aw anfwer made thereunto by Mr. Dudley, and received at the next feffipn of the court ; and by fome obfervations made by Mr. Morris, a grave and ju- dicious elder, teacher of the church in Salem (and with fome difficulty read alfo in court) who not fufpe&ing the author, handled him fomewhat fharply accordingly to the merit of the matter, This rummer three fliips were new buik, one at F.of- ton and one at Dorchefter, and one at Salem. A cooper's wife of Hingham having been long ir< .: a i r*~ GOVERNOR WIN THRO P'I 642. melancholic diftemper ear to phrenzy, and having for- merly attempted to drown her child, but' prevented by God's gracious providence, did now again take an op- portunity, being alone, to carry her child, aged three years, to a creek near her houfe, and dripping it of the cloaths, threw it into the water and mud, but the tide be- ing low, tha little child fcrambled out, and taking up its eloaths, came to its mother who was fet down not far off, Che carried the child again, and threw it in fo far as it could not get out, but then it pleafed God that a young man coming that way, faved it. She would give no other reafon of it, but that fhe did it to fave it from mife- ry, and withal that fhe was allured {he had finned again ft the Holy Ghoft, and that fhe could not repent of any fin. Thus doth fatan work by the advantage of our infinni- ties, which (hould ftir us up to cleave the more fad to Chrift Jefus, and to walk the more humbly and watch- fully in all our convcrfation. At this general court appeared one Richard Gibfon a fcholar, fent fome three or four years fince to Richman*s ifland to be a minifter to a fifhing plantation there be- longing to one Mr. Tretaway of Piimouth in England. He removed from thence to Pifcat : and this year was en- tertained by the fifhermen at the Ifle of fholes to preach to them. He being wholly addifted to the hierarchy and difcipline of England, did exercife a. minifterial function in the fame way, and did marry and baptize at the Ifle of Sholes which was now found to be within our jurifdic-r tion. This man being incenfed againft Mr. Larkham paftor of the church at Northam (late Dover) for fome fpeeches he delivered in hisfermon againft fuch hirelings <5cc. he fent an open letter to him, wherein he did fcan- dalize our government, oppofeour title to thofe parts, and provoke the people, by way of arguments, to revolt from us (this letter being fhewed to many before it came to Mr. Larkham.) Mr. Gibfon being now (hewed this let- ter, and charged with his offence, he could, not deny the thing, whereupon he was committed to the marfhall. In a day or two after he preferred a petition, which gave not fatisfaftion, but the next day he made a full acknow- ledgment of all he was charged with, and the evil there- of, fubmiiting himfelf to the favor of the court. Where- upon, in regard he was a ftranger, and was to depart the country within a few days, he was difcharged without any fine or other punifhmsnt. On* JOURNAL. 347 One Nath : Briftoc a godly young man, newly admit- 1641. ted a member of the church of Boiton, being Tingle, he s v ' kept with his father a godly poor man, but minded his Mo. 4.8. own advantage more than his father's neceffity, I o i s that his father, deliring in the evening to have his help the next day, henegle&ed his father's requcft, and rofe very early next morning to go help another man for wages, and being loading a boat in a fmall creek, he fell into the water and was drowned. About this time the adventurers to the I fie of Sable fetched off their men and geods all iafe. 1 he oil, teeth, feal and horfe hides, and fome black fox fkins came to near ;' 1500. One Darby Field a irifhman, living about Pifcat : be- ing accompanied with two Indians, went to the top of the white hill. He made his journey in 18 days. His relation at his return was, That it was about 160 miles from Saco, that afer 40 miles travel he did, for the moft part, aftend, and within 12 miles of the top was neither tree nor grafs but low which they "went on the top of fometimes but a continual afcent *pon rocks, on a ridge between two vallies filled with fnow, out of which came two branches of Saco river which met at the foot of the hill where was an indian town of fome 200 people ; fome of them accompanied him within 8 miles of the top, but durft go no further, telling him that no indian ever dared to go higher, and that he would die if he went. So they Maid there 'till his return, and his two indians took courage by his example and went withhim. They went divers limes thro 3 the thick clouds foi a good fpace, and within 4 miles of the top they had no clouds, but very cold. By the way among the rocks ihsre were two ponds, one a blackifh water and the other reddifh. The' top of all was plain about 60 feet fquare. On the North fide there was fucha precipice as they could fcarce difcern to the bottom. They had neither cloud ner wind on the top and moderate heat. All the country about him feemcd a level, except here and there a hill rifing a- bove the reft, but far beneath them. He law to the North a great wattr which he judged to be about ipo miles broad, but could fee no land beyond it. The lea by Saco fcemed as if it had been within 20 miles. He faw alfo a fea to the Eaftward, which he judged to be the gulph of Canada he faw fome great waters in parts to the Wcftward which he judged to be the great lake which t*B COVER M OR W 1 N T II R O P's 1642. Canada river comes out of. He found there much muf- v * ^ covy g'afs, they could rive out pieces of 40 feet long and 7 or 8 broad. When he came back to the indians he found ihcm drying themfelves by the fire, for they had a great trmpeft of wind and rain. About a month after he went again with five or fix in his company, then they had feme wind on the top and fome clouds above them which hid the fun. They brought fome ftoncs which, they fuppofed had been diamonds, but they were moil chryftal. See after, another relation more true and ex- aa. Mo. 4. 22. In the time of the general court, in a great tempeft of thunder and lightning, in the evening, the lightning ftruck the upper fail of the windmill in Bofton by the ferry, and fh uttered it in many pieces, and miffing tke ftcnes ftruck into the flandard, rived it down in three parts to the bottom, and one of the fpars, and the> main ftacdard being bound about with a great iron hoop, fatt- ened with muny long fpikes, it was plucked off, broken in the middle, and thrown upon the floor, and the boards upon the fides of the mill lived off the facks &c. in the mill fet on fire, and the miller being under the mill upon the ground chopping a piece of board, was ftruck dead, but company coming in, found him to breath, fo they carried him to an hcufe, and within an hour or two he began to ftir, and drove with fuch force, as fix men could fcarce hold him down. The next day he came to his lenfes, but knew nothing of what had befallen him, but found himfgiif very fore on divers parts of his body, His hair on one fide of his head and beard was ftnged, one of his fhoes torn oU'his foot, but his foot not hurt. The indians at Kenebeck hearing of the general cen- fpiracy agair.ft the Englifli, determined to begin there, and one of them knowing that Mr. Edward Winflow did uie to walk within the paiifadces, prepared hia piece to (hoot him, bul as he was about it, Mr. Winflow not feeing him nor fufpefting any thing, but thinking he had walk- r.d enough, went fuddenly into trie houfe, and fo God piclerved him. At the fame general court there fell out agreatbufinefs upon a very fmall occafion, Anno 1636. There was a ftray fow in Boflon which was brought, to Capt, Ream, he had it cried divers times, and divers came ro fee it, but none made claim to it for near a year. He kept it in hi* yard with a fow of his own, afterwards one Sherman's wife JOURNAL. 249 wife having loft fuch a fow, laid claim to it, but came not 1642. to fee it, 'tillCapt. Keain had killed his own fow, after \_ ^-^ being {Viewed the ftray fow, and finding it to have other marks than (he had claimed her fow by> (he gave out that he had killed her fow. The noife hereof being fpread about the town, the matter was brought before the elders of the church as a cafe of offence many witneifes were examined and Capt. Keain was cleared. She not being fatisfied with this, by the iniligation of one G. Story a young merchant of London who kept in her houfe (her hufband being then in England) and had been brought before the Governor upon complaint of Capt. Keain as living under fufpicion. She brought the caufe to the inferior court at Bofton, where upon a full hearing. Capt. Kean was again cleared, and the jury gave him 3 for his coft, and he bringing his aftion again fl Story and her for reporting about that he had flolen her fow, recovered 20 damages of either of them. Story upon this fearch- eth town and country to find matter againft Capt. Keain about this ftray fow, and got of his w'hnefles to come in- to Salem court and to confefs there that he had forfworn himfelf, and upon this he petitions in Sherman's namfj to this general court, to have the caufe heard again, which was granted, and the bed part of feven days were fpent in examining of witneffes an4debatin? of thecaufe, and yet it was not determined, for there being one ma- giftrate and thirty deputies, no fentence could by law pafs without the greater number of both, which neither plaintiff nor defendant had, for there were for the plain- tiff two magiftrates and fifteen deputies,, the other feven deputies flood doubtful. Much contention and earneft- nefs there was, which indeed did moftly arife from the difficulty of the cafe, in regard of crcfs witneffes (as ofie protefted) againft the perfon, which blinded fome men's judgments that they could not attend the true nature and courfe of the evidence, for all the plaintiffs witneffes a- mounted to no more but an evidence of probability, fo as they might all fwear true, and yet the fow in queftion might not be the plaintiffs. But the defendantV wit- neltes gave a certain evidence, upon their certain know- ledge, and that upon certain grounds (and thefe as many and more and of as good credit as the others) fo as if this teftimony were true it was not pofTible the fow fhould be th* plaintiffs ; befides whereas the plaintiff's wife was ad- mitted to take her oath foV the maiks of her fow, the I i d- GOVERNOR WINTHROP'i 1642. defendant, and his wife (being a \*ery godly fober wd- - y - _* man) was denied the like, altho' propounded in the court by JVir. Cotton, upon that rule in the law he (hall fwear he hath not put his hand* to his neighbours goods, yet. they both in the open court folemnly, as in the pie- fence of God, declared their innoccncy &c. Further, if the cafe had been doubtful, yet the defendant's lawful poffeffion ought to have been preferred to the plaintiff's doubtful title, for in cqu&li jure melior tji ccnditio pofjidtntis. But the defendant being of ill report in the country for a hard dealer in his courfe of trading, and having been formerly cenfured in the court and in the church alfo, by admonition for fuch offences, carried many weak minds ftrongly againft him : and the truth is, he was ve- ry worthy of blame in that kind, as divers others in the country were alfo in thofe times, tho' they were not de- tected as he was, yet to give every man his due, he was very ufeful to the country both by his hofpitality and otherwifc, but one dead fly fpoils much good ointment. There was great expectation in the country, by occa- fion of Story's clamours againft him, that thecaufe would have pafTed againft the Captain, but falling out other- wife, gave occafion to many to f peak unreverently of the court, efpecially of the magiftrates, and the report went, that-their negative voice had hindered the courfe of juf- tice, and that thefe magiftrates muft be put out, that the power of the negative voice might be taken away. There- upon itwas tho't fitby the Governor & other of the magif- trates to publifh a declaration of the true ftate of thecaufe, that truth might net be condemned unknown. This was framed before th court brake up ; for prevention where- of, the Governor tendred a declaration in nature of a pa- cification, whereby it might.have appeared thathowfoev- er the members of the court diffented in judgment, yet they were the fame in affe&ion, and had a charitable opi- nion each of other ; but this was oppofed by fome of the plaintiff's part, fo it was laid by. And becaufe there was much labouring in the country upon a falfe fuppofition that the magiftrate's negative voice Hop- ped the plaintiff in the cafe of the low, one of the ma- giftrates publifhed a declaration of the neceflity of up-, holding the fame. It may be here inferted, being but brief. [This declaration is not in M.S. Edit.] From JOURNAL. a S Froan Maryland came one Mr. Neale with two pinna- 16455. ces and commiflion from Mr. Calcourt the Governor v J ' there, to buy mares and fbeep, but having nothing to pay Mo. 5. 7 for them but bills charged upon the Lord Baltimore in England, no man would deal with him. One of his vef- fels was To eaten with worms that he was forced to leave her. Mr. Chancyc of Scituare perfevered in his opinion of dipping in baptifm, and praftifed accordingly, nrfl upon two of his own, which being in very cold weather, one of them fwooned away. Another having a child about three years old, feared it would be frightened, (as others had been, and one caught hold of Mr. Chancye and had near pulled him into the water) fhe brought her child to Bofton with letters teftimonial from Mr. Chancye, and had it baptized there. A general faft was kept by order of the general court si and advice of fome of the elders. The occafion was prin- cipally for the danger we conceived our native country was in, and the foul fins which had broken ot among ourfelves &c. Ofamaken the great fachem of Pakatnecottin Plimouth #3 jurifdiftion cama attended with many men and fome other fagamores accompanying him, to vifit the Govern- or who entertained him kindly &c. The Mary Rofe which had been blown up and funk with all her ordnance, ballad, much lead, and other goods, was now weighed and brought to fhore by the in- duftry and diligence of one Edward Bedall of Bofton. The court gave the owners above a years time to recover and free the harbour, which was much damnified by her, and they having given her over and never attempting to weigh her, Edward Bedal) undertook it upon thefe terms, viz. If he freed the harbour, he fhould have half bf. all he recovered. He made two great tubs bigger than a butt, very tight, and open at one end upon which were hanged fo many weights as would (ink it to the ground (6oewt.) It was letdown, the diver fitting in it. a cord in his hand to give notice when they fhould draw him up., and another cord to fhew when they fhould remove it from place to place, fo he could continue in his tub near half an hour, and faften ropes to the ordnance, and put the lead &c. into a net or tub, and when the tub was drawn up one knocked upon the head of it and ihruft a long pole under water which the diver laid hold o r , ind fo 85* GOVERN&R WINTRHOP's fo was drawn up by it, for they might not draw the o:>en end out of water for endangering him &c. The cafe of the money (hot out of one o r the guns, which came to a trial in the court at Bofton (8) 27. See in the next leaf. (5) 28. A Dutch fhip of 300 tons arrived here laden with fait from the Weft Indies which the fold here for plank and pipe ftaves. She brought two Spanifh merchants, who being taken at fea while they went in a frigate from Do- mingo to find an Englifh fhip which they had freighted there, and was bv their agreement, ftolen out of the har- bour where fhe had been long imSarred. They hired this dutchman to bring them hither where they had appointed their {hip to come, not daring to go into Spain or England. They ft a confpiracy againft the Englifh,and fo told him ot" it as the other two had done. Ujjon this their advice to us was, that it was better to enter imo war preientiy and begin with them, and if we would lend 100 men to the river's Biouth or' Connecticut, they would meet us with a pro- portionable number. Upon thefe letters the Governor called fo many of the magiftratcs as were near, and being met they fent out (urnmonsfor a general court to be kept fix days after, and in the mean time it was thought fit, for our fafety, and to ftrike fomc terror into the indians, to difarm fuch as were within our jurifdi&ion. According- ly we fent men to Cutihamkin at Brantrce to fetch him and his guns, bows &c. which was. done, and he came willingly, and being late in the night when they came to Bofton, he was put in the prifon, but the next morning, finding upon examination of him and divers of his men, no ground of iufpicjon of his partaking in any fuch con- fpiracy, he Wiisdilmiifed. Upon the warrant which went to Ipfwich, Rowlyc and Newbcrry to difarm Palfacona- my, who lived by Merrimack, they fent forth 40 men armed the next day, being the Lord's day, but it rained all the day, as it had dune divers days before and alfo af- ter, fo as they could nut go to his wigman, but they came to his ion's and took him, which they had warrant for, and a fqua and her child, which they had warrant for, and therefore order was given fo foon as he heard of it, to fend them home again. They fearing his fon's efcape, led him in a line, but ht taking an opportunity, flipped his line and eicaped fr<.;n them, but one very indifcreetly made a fhot at him, and miffed him narrowly. Upon the intelligence of thefe unwarranted proceedings, fend con- cerning that Parfaconamy would look at it as a manifcfb injury (as indeed we conceived it to be, and had always fhunncd to give them anyjufl occafion againil us) the court being now affembled, we lent Cutfhamakin to him to let him know that what was done to his fon and fqua was without order, and to {hew hint the occafion where- upon we had fent to difarm all the Indians, and that when \v fhould find that they were innocent of any fuch con-- fpiracy, w would reftore all their arms again, and to will him alfo to come fpeak with us. He returned anfwer that hw knew not what was become of his fon and his fquas, (for oae of them was ran into the wood* and came K k not GOVERNOR WINTHROP'i 6/12. not again for ten days after, and the other was dill in cuf- tody) if he had them fafe again then he would come to us, accordingly about a fortnight after he fent his eldeft fon to us, who delivered up kU guns &c. Mo./ 8. The general court being aifembled, we confidered of the letters and other intelligence from Connecticut, and although the thing feemed very probable, yet we thought it not iufficient ground for us to begin a war, for it was poilible it might be otherwife, and tkat all this might come out of the enmity which had been between MiantonomoH and Onkus, who continually fought to difcredit each other with the Englifh. We coniidered alfo of the like reports which had formerly been raifed almoft every year fmce we came, and how they proved to be but reports raifed up by the oppofite factions among the Indians : be- iides we found urielves in very ill cafe for war, and if we {hould begin, wemuft then be forced to (land continually upon our guard, and to defert our farms and bufmefs abroad, and all our trade with the indians, which things would bring us very low ; and beftdes, if upon this in- telligence we {hould kill any of them, or lofe any of our own, and it (hould be found after to have been a falfe re- port, we might provoke God's difpleafure, and blemifli our wifdcm and integrity before the heathen. Further it was confidered that our beginning witk them could not fccure us againft them we might deftroy lome part of their corn and wigwams, and force them to fly into the woods &c* but the men would be ftill remaining to do ui miichief, for they will never fight us in the open field. Laftiy it was confidered that fuch as were to be fent out in fuch an expedition were, for the moft part, godly, and would be as well affured of the jufdce of the caufe as the warrant of their call, and then we would not fear their forward nefs and courage, but if they {hould be fent out, not well refolved, we might fear the fuccefs. Accor- ding to thefc confiderations we returned anfwer to Con- neftticut, and withal we fent two men with two inter- preters, an cngliflaman and an indian to Miantonomoh to- let him know what intelligence we had of his drawing the reft of the indians into a confederation againft us. and of his purpofe to make his fon fachem of Pequod, and of other things which were breaches of the league he made with us. and to defire him to come by fuch a time to give us fatisfaftion about them, ifherefufed to come and give them a fatisfa&ory anfwer, then to let him know that if he JOURNAL. he regarded not our fnendihip,he would give us occafion to right ourfelves, and inftruclion was given them, that if he gave them occafion, they {hould tell him the reafon of ourdifarming the indians, and excufe the injury done to Paifdconamy to be a mi (lake and without oui order. The mefTengers coming to him he carried them apart into the woods, taking only one of his chief men with him, and gave them very rational anfwers to all their proportions, and promifed alfo to come over to us, \vhich he did with- in the time prefixed, When he came the court was aiTeanbled, and before his admiflion we confidered how to treat with him (for w* knew him to be a very iubtle man,) and agreed upon the points and order and that none {hould propound any thing to him but the Governor, and if any other of the court had any thing material to fuggeft, he {hould impart it to the Governor. Being called in and mutual falutations pafled, he was fet down at the lower end of the table over again ft th Governor, and had only two or three of his councellors, and two or three of our neighbouring indians, fuch as he defired, but would not fpeak of any buiineO at any time, before fome of his counfellors were prefentjalledging that he would have them prefent that they might bear wit- nefs with him at his return home, of all his fayings. In all his anfwers he was very deliberate and fhewed good underftandingin the principles of jufticeand amity, and ingenuity withal. He demanded that his accufers might be brought forth, to the end that if they could not make good what they had charged him with, they might fuffer what he was worthy of, and muft have expected if he had been found guilty, viz, death. We anfwered, we knew them not, nor were they within our power, nor would giyc credit to them before we had given him know- ledge of it according to our agreement with him. He re- plied, if you did not give credit to it. why then did you aifarm the indians. We ani'wered, for our fecurity, and becaufe we had been credibly informed that fome of the caftern indians had lately robbed divers englifh men's hou- fes at faco, and taken away their powder and guns. This anfwer fatisfyed them. He gave divers reafons why we fhould hold him free of any fuch confpiracy, and why we {hould conceive it was a report raifed by Onkus, &.c. and therefore offered to meet Onkus at Connecticut or rather $t Bofton, and would prove to his face his treachery a- gaiafl at6o GOVERNOR WINTHROF's 1642. gainft the englifh &c. and told m he would come to us at any time, for tho' Ibmc had deifuaded him, affui ing him that tht ILnglifh would put him to death, or keep him in prtfon, yet he being innocent of any ill intention againft theenglifh, he knew them to be fojuft us they would do him no wrong, and told us that if we lent feut any indian to him that he lik?d, he would come to us. and we fliould not need to fend any of our own men. He urged much that thofe might be punifhed who had raifcd this (lander, and put it to our consideration what damage it had been to him. in that he was forced to keep his men at home. and not fuffrr them to go forth on hunting &c. till he had given theenglifh f^tisfaclion. and the charge and trouble it had put the englifh unto &c. We fpent the better part of two days in treating with him, and in ronclufion he did accommodate himfelf to us to our fatis r aHon ; only fome difficulty we hd to bring him to difert the Nianticks if we had juft caufe of war with them. They were, he faid, as his own flcfh. being allied by continual inter- marriages &c. but at laft he condecended that if they fliould do us wrong as he could not draw them to give us faiisfaftten for, nor himfelf could fatisfy, as if it were for blood &c. then he would leave them to us. When we fhould goto dinner there was a table provi- ded for the indians to dine bv themfelves, and Miant : was left to fit with them. This he was difcontented at, and would eat nothing, till the Governor fent him meat from his table, fo at night and all the time he ftaid he fat at the lower end of the magiftrate's table, when he de- parted, we gave him and his counfellors coats and tobac- co, and when he came to take his leave of the Governor and fuch of the magiflrates as were prefent, he returned, and g as in fome two or three meetings they lovingly accorded upon theft enfuing articles, which being allowed by our court, and figned by all the coinmiffioners, were fent to be alfo rati- fied by the general courts of other jurifdiftions ; only Plitnouth commiffioners having power only to treat, but not to determine, deferred the figning of them 'till they came home, but foon after they were ratified by their ge- neral court alfo. Tkofe of Sir Ferdinand Gorge his province beyond Fifcat : were not received nor called into the confedera- tion becaufe they ran a different courfe from us both in their miniftry and civil adminiftraticn, for they had late- ly mack Acomenticus (a p.oer village) a corporation, ana had s?6 GOVERNOR WINTHROFs had made a taylor their mayor, and had entertained one Mr. Hull an excommunicated peribn and very conten- tious, for their minifter, At this court of ele&ions there arofe a fcruple about th0 path which the Governor and the reft of the magiftrates were to take, viz. about the firft part of it " You fkall bear true faith and allegiance to our fovereign Lord King Charles*' feeing h* had violated the privileges of parlia- , and made war upon them, and thereby had loft of his kingdom and many of his fubjs&s ; where- it was thought fit to omit that part of it for the prefen;-. About this time two plantations began to be fettled up- $i Merrimack, Pentuckctt called Haverill and C eaU4 Andover. The Articles of Confederation, between the plantations under the government of the Mafiachufetts, the planta- tions under the government of New-Flimouth, the plan- Rations under thn government of Connecticut and the govern went of N~w- Haven, with the plantations in com- bination therewith : WHEREAS we all came into thefe parts of America V/ith one and the fame end and aim. namely, to advances the kingdom of our Lord Jefus Chrift, and to enjoy the liberties of the gofpcl in purity with peace : and whereas by our fettling, by the wife providence of God, we are further difperfed upon the feacoafts and rivers than wa$ at firft intended, fo that we cannqt, according to our de- fire, with convenience communicate in one government and jurifdi&ion : and whereas we live encompaffed witU people of fsveral nations and ftrange languages, which hereafter may prove injurious to us or our pofterity ; and for as much as the natives have formerly committed fun- dry infolencies and outrages upon feveral plantations of the englifli, and have of late combined themfelves againfl us, and feeing by reafon of the fad eliftraftions in Eng- land (which they have hoard of) and by which they know we are hindered both from that humble way of fecking advice and reaping thofo comfortable fruits of protection which at other times we might well expcft we therefore do conceive it qjjr bounden duty without delay, to enter into a prefent confociation amongft our- felves for mutual help and ftrength in all future cpncern- ?nent, that as in nation and religion, fo in other refpefts, w JOURNAL. jve be and continue one, according to the tenor and true 1643* meaning of the eniuing articles * i. Wherefore it is fully agreed and concluded be- tween the parties above named, andthjey jointly and fev- trally do. by thcfe prefenU, agree and conclude that, thoy all be, and henceforth be called by the name of the Unit- ed Colonies of New-England. *. Thefe united colonies, for themfclves and their pofterities, do jointly and fcverally hereby eoter into * firm artd perpetual league of friendfhip and amity, tor of- fence and defence, mutual advice and fuccour upon all juft occafions, both for preierving and propagating the. truth and liberties of the gofpel, an.d for tneir own mu- tual fafety and welfare.. 3. It is further agreed, that the plantations which at prelent are, or hereafter (hall be fettled within the limits oftheMafldchufeus,{hallbe forever under the government of the Maffachufctts, and fhall have peculiar jurifdiftion amongft themfeives in all cafes as an entire body ; and that Plimouth, Connecticut, and New-Haven {hall each of them in all refpe&s have like peculiar jurifdi&ion and government within their limits, and in reference to the plantations which are already fettled, or fhall hereafter beeie&ed and fhall fettle within any of their limits ref- pe&ively, provided that no other jurifdition (hall here- after be taken in as a diftinft head or member of this con- federation ; nor fhall any other either plantation orju- rifdiciion in prefent being, and not already in combina- tion or undei the jurifdi&ion of any of thefe confederates, be received by any of them : nor fhall any two of thefe confederates join in one jurifdi&ion without confent of the reft, which confent to be interpreted as in the 6th enfuing article is exprefied. 4. It is alfo by thefe confederates agreed, that the charge of all juft wars, whether ofFenfive ar dcfenfive, upon what part or member of this confederation foevcr they (hall fall, {hall, both in men and provifions and all other difburfments, be born by all the parts of this eon- federation in different proportions, according to their different abilities, in manner following, viz. That the commiflioncrs for each jurifdiftion, from time to time as there ftiall be occafion, bring account and number of all the males in each plantation, or any way belonging to or under their fcveral jurifdiftions, of what quality or con- dition foever they be, from fixteen years old to fixty, be- ing inhabitants tkere, and that according to the different 7* GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 6143. numbers which from time to time fhall be found in each jurifdi&ton upon a true and jufl account the fcrvicc of men and all charges of the war to be borne by the poll each jurifdiftionor plantation being left to their ownjuft courfe or cuftorn of" rating themfelves and people accor- ding to their different eftates, with due refpe& to their qualities and exemptions among themfelves, tnough the confederation take no notice of any fuch privilege, and that according to the different charge of each juriidiftion and plantation, the whole advantage of the war (if it pleafe Gad fo to blefs their endeavours) whether it be in lands, good* or p-rfons, (hall be proportionably divided among the {aid confederates. . It is further agreed, that if any of thef jurifdic- tioas, or any plantation under or in combination with them, be invaded by any enemy whatfoever, upon no- tice and requeft of any three magiftrates of that jurifdic- tion fo invaded, the reft of the confederates without any further notice or expoftulation, (hall forthwith fend aid to the confederate in danger, but in different proportions, namely, the Maffachufetts one hundred men fufficient armed and provided for fuch a fervice and journey : and each of the reft, 45 men fo armed and provided, or any lefs number, if lefs be required, according to this propor- tion. But if fuch a confederate in danger may be fup- plied by their next confederate, not exceeding the num- ber hereby agreed, they may crave help there, and fesk no further for the prefent ; the charge to be borne as in this article isexprefTed, and at their return to be victual- led, and fupplied with powder and (hot, if there be need, for theii journey, by that jurifdi&ion which employed or fent for them : but none of the jtirifdi&ions to exceed thefe numbers 'till by a meeting of the commiflioners for this confederation a greater aid appear neceffary ; and this proportion to continue 'till upon knowledge of the numbers in each jurifdiftion, which fhall be brought to the next meeting, forne other proportion be ordered. But in any fuch cafe of fending-men for prefent aid, whe- ther before or after fuch order or alteration, it is agreed that at the meeting of the commiflioners for this confede- ration, the caufe of fuch war or invafion be duly confid- cred, and if it appear that the fault lay in the party invad- ed, that then that jurifdiftion or plantation make juft fatisfa&ion both to the invaders whom they have injur- ed, and bear all the charge of the war thenafelves without rs- JOURNAL. $ requiring any allowance from the reft of the confederates 1643. towards the fame. And furtru r, that if any jurifcliftion ^ v fee any danger of an invafion approaching, and there be time for a meeting, that in fuch cafe three magiftrates of that jurifdi6tion may furiimons a meeting At fuch conve- nient place as themfelves (hall think meet, to confider and provide again ft the threatened danger ; provided when they are met, they may remove to what place they pleafe : only while any of the fe four confederates have but three magiftrates in their juriMiftion, a requeft or fummons fiorn any two of them {hall be accounted of c- qua! force with the three mentioned in both the claufes of this article, 'till there be an iacreafe of magiftrates, there. 6. It is alfo agreed, that for the managing and con- cluding of all affairs peculiar to and concerning the whole confederation, commifTioners fhall be cholen by and out f each of thefe foui jurifdi&ions, viz. two for the Maf fachufetts, two for Plimouth, two for Connecticut, and two for New -Haven, all in church fellow fhip with us^ which (hall bring full power from their feveral general courts refpecltively, to hear, examine, weigh and deter- mine all affairs of war or peace, leagues, aids, charges and numbers of men for war, divifion of fpoils, or what- ever is gotten by conqueft receiving of more confede- rates or plantations into the combination with any of thefe confederates, and all things of like nature which are the proper concomitants or* confequents of fuch a confederation, for amity, offence and defence, not inter- meddling with the government of any of thejurifdiftioni, which by the gd article is preferved entirely to them- felves. But if thofe 8 commiflioners when they meet, fhall not agree, yet it is concluded that any fix of the eight agreeing, fhall have power to fettle and determine the bufmefs in queftion ; but if fix do not agree, that then fuch propofitions, with their reafons, fo far as they have been debated, be fent and referred to the four general courts, viz. the MafTachufetts, Plimouth, Connecticut and New-Haven : and if at all the faid general court* the bu- finefs fo referred be concluded, then to be profecuted by the confederation and all their members. It is further agreed that thofe eight commiffioner* (fcall meet once every year (befides extraordinary meetings ac- cording to the $th article) to confidcr, treat, and con- clude of all affairs belonging to this confederation, which meet- GOVERNOR WINTRHOP'* meeting {hall ever be the firft Thurfday in yber. and that the next meeting after the date of thefe preicnts (which fhall be accounted the ad meeting) {hall be at Boiton in the MaHachufetts the 3d at Hartford the 4th at New- Haven the 5th at Plimeuth, and fo in courfe fuccefiivc- ly, it in the mean time fome middle place be not found out and agreed upon, which may be commodious for all the juiilxlicHons. 7. It is further agreed, that at each meeting of thefe eight commiflioners, whether ordinary or extraordinary, f bey all, or any fix of thefh agreeing as before, may choofe their prefident out of themfelves, whole office and work fhall be to take care and direft for order and a comely carrying on of all proceedings in their prefent meeting, but he {hall be invefled with no fuch power or refpeft, as by which he fhall hinder the propounding or progrefs of any bulinefs, or any way can: the fcales otherwife than in the proceeding articles is agreed. 8. It is alio agreed that the commiflioners for this con- federation hereafter at their meeting, whether ordinary or extraordinary, as they may have commiflion or oppor- tunity, do endeavour to frame and eftablifh agreements and orders in general cafes of a civil nature xvherein all the plantations are interefted for preferving peace amongft themfelves, and preventing as much as may be, all occa- fions of war or differences with others, as aoout free and fpeedy paflage of jufbce in each jurifdicTion to all the con- federates equally, as to their own receiving thofe that re- move from one plantation to another without due certi- ficates how all thejurifdi&ions may carry it towards the Indians that they neither grow infolent nor be injured without due fatisfaftion, left war break in upon the con- federates through mifcarriages. It is alfo agreed that if any fervant run away from his mafter into any of thefe confederate jurifdiftions, that in fuch cafe, upon certifi- cate of onemagiftrate in the jurifdiftion out of which the faid fervant fled, or upon other due proof, the faid fer- vant fhall be delivered cither to his roaftcr or any other that purfues arid brings fuch certificate or proof: And that upon the efcape of any prifoner or fugitive for any criminal caufe, whether breaking prifon or getting from the officer, or otherwife efcaping. upon the certificate of two magistrates of the jurifdiftion out of which the ef- cape is made, that he was a prifoner or fuch an offender at th time of ths cfcapej the magiftratc, or fome of them or JOURNAL. 18 of the jurifdiftion where for the prefent the {aid prifoher 1643. or fugitive abideth, fhall forthwith grant fuch a warrant ^ as the cafe will bear, tor the apprehending of any fuch perfori and the delivery f him into the hand of the offi- cer or other perfon who purfucth him ; and if there be help required for tht fafe returning of any fuch offender, then it (hall be granted unto 'him that craves the izme, he paying the charges thereof. 9. And for that the jufteft wars may bt of dangerous confequence, efpecially to the fmaller plantations in thefe united colonies, it is agreed, that neither the Maflachu- fetts, Plimouth, Connecticut nor New- Haven, nor any of the members of any of them, fhall at any time hereaf- ter begin, undertake, or engage themfelves or this con- federation, or any part thereof in any war whatloever (fudden exigencies with tKe ncceflarv confluences thereof excepted, which are alia to be moderate^ as much as the cafe will permit) without the confcnt and agree- ment of the aforenamed eight cornmifli oners, or at lafb fix of them, as in the 6th article is provided ; and that no charge be required of any of the confederates, in cafe of a. defeniivc war 'till the faid eorr.miflioners have met and approved the juftice of the war, and have agreed upon the ium of money to be levied, which (ura is then to be paid by the fsveral confederates in proportion according to the 4th articla. 10. That in extraordinary occafions, when meetings are fummoned by three magistrates of any jurifdiftion, or two, as in the 5th article, if any ef the commiffioncrs come not, due warning being.given or fcnt, it is agreed that four of the commiffioners fhall have power to direft a war which cannot be detained, and to lend for due pro- portions of men out of each jurifdiclion, at well as fix might, do if all met ; but not lefs than fix fhall determine the juflic* of the war, or allow the demands or bills of charges, or caufe any levies to be made for the fame. 11. It is further agreed that if any of the confederates {hall hereafter break any of thefe prefent articles, or be otherway injurious to any one of the other jurisdictions, fuch breach of agreement or injury fhall be duly confider- cd and ordered by the cmmiilioners for the other jurif- cb&ions. that both peace, and this prefent confederation raay be entirely preferved without violation. 12. Laftly, this perpetual confederation, and the fev- tral articles and agreements thereof being read and feri- N n ouf- r. hi 28* GOVERNOR WINTHROP's i 643. oufly confidcred both by the general court for the Maf- i'athufetu and the connniflKoners for the other three,were fuMcribed prefcntlv by the commiffioners all fave thofe of Plimouth, who, for want of iuffiaient coanmiflion from their general court, deferred their fubfcription 'till the next meeting, and then they fubfcribed alfo, and ware to be allowed by the general courts of the fcveral jurifdie- lions, which accordingly was done, and certified at the next meeting held at Ballon (7) 7. 1643. Boilon, (3) 29. 1643. (4) 12. Mr. La Tour arrived here in a fhip of 140 tons and 140 ;erfons. The (hip came from Rochelle, the mafter and is company wereproteftanU : there were two friar* and two women fent to wait upon La Tour his lady. They came in with a fair wind without any notice taken of them. They took a pilot out of ^ne of our boats at fea, and left one of their men in his place. Capt. Gibbon* 1 wife and children parted by the fhip as they were going to their farm, but being dilcovered to La Tour by one of his gentlemen who knew him, La Tour manned out a flial- lop which ho towed after -him to go (peak with her. She feeing fuch. a company of ftrangers making toward* her, haftenedto get from them, and landed at the Governor'* garden. La Tour landed prelently after her, and there found the Governor and his wife, and two of hit fons, and his fun's wife, and after mutual falutations ha told the Governor the caufe of his coming^ viz. that this (hip being frnt him out of Fiance, D'Aulnay his old enemy had fo blocked up the river to his fort at St. John's with two fhips and a galliot, as his (hip could not get in, where- upon he ftole by in the night in his (hallop, and was come to crave aid to convey bim into his fort. The Gov- ernor anfwered that he could fay nothing to it 'till he had conferred with other of the magistrates : fo after fupper he went with him to Bofton in La Tour's boat, having fent his cwn boat to Bofton to carry home Mrs. Gibbons. Divers boat* having puffed by him, had given notice hereof to Bofton and charleftown, his (hip alfo arriving before Bofion. the towns betook them to their arm*, and three fhallops with armed men came forth to meet the Governor and to guard him home. But here the Lord gave us occafion to take notice of our weaknefs &c. for if La Tour bad been ill minded toward* u* 5 he had fuch an opportunity as we hope neither he nor any other (hall ever have the like again ; for coming by our caftle and fal- JOURNAL. laluting it, there was none to anfwer kirn, for tht laft court had given order to have the caftle-ifland deferted, a great part of the work being fallen down &c. Co as he might have taken all the ordonance there, then, having the Governor and his family, and Capt. Gibbons' wife &c. in his power, he might have gone and Cpoiled Bofton, and having no many msn ready, the)r might have taken two Chips in the harbour fa nd gone away wirkout danger or refinance, but his neglecting- this opportunity, gave us aflurance of his true meaning, Co being landed at Boftoa, the Governor with a fufficicnt guard, brought him to his lodging at Capt. Gibbons'. This gave further affurance that he intended us no evil, becaufe he voluntarily put his perfon in our power. The next day the Governor called together Cuch of the magiftratt* as were at hand, and fome of the deputies, and propounding the caufe to them, and La Tout being prefent and the captain of his Chip &c. he (hewed his commidion which was fairly en- groifed in parchment under the hand and feal of the Vice Admiral of France, and grand prior &c. to bring {apply td La Tour, whom he ftiliid his majefty'i lieut. general of L'Acadye, and aiCo a letter from the agent of the compa- ny of France to whom he hath reference, informing him of the injurious practices of D'Aulnay againft him, and advifing him to look to himfeif &c and fuperfcribed him as Lieut. General &c. Upon this it appeared to us (that being dated in April lad) that notwithstanding the news which D'Au-nay had fent to our Governor t the laftyear, whereby La Tour was proclaimed a rebel L ference they did own and juftify the faid writing. They fpake eilfo with the tw lac herns, as they had commiffion, and giving th&m to underftand upon what terms they muft be received under us, they found them very pliable to all, and opening to them the ten commandments, they re- ceived this anfwer, which I have fet down as the com- miffionfrs took it in writing from their mouths. 1. Ques. Whether they would worfhip the true God that made heaven and earth, and not blafuhetne "him ? Ans. We defcre to fpeak reverently of en^lilhman's God and not to fpeak evil of him becaufe we fee the englifh.- man's God doth better for them than other Gods do for others. 2. That they fhould not fwear falfly. Ans. We ne- ver knew what fwearing or an oath \vas. 3. Not to do any unnecefTary work on the Lord's day within the gates of * towns. Ans. It is a Cm all thing for u* to reft on that day, for we have not much to do any day, and therefore we will forbear on that day. 4. To honor their parents and fuperiors. Ans. It is our cuftom fo to do, for inferiors to be fubjeft to Superi- ors, for if we complain to the Governor of ihe Maff . c Pun ham firhtm of Shawemock, awl Sacononoco fachem of Patuxet Ac. have, and by thefe prefents do voluntarily and without any conftraint or perluafion but of our own free notion, put ourfelves, our fubje&s* lands ami eftate* under the government and jurU*dion of the Miflackufetts, to be governed and protected by them, according to the. I laws and orders, fo tr as we (hall be made capable oi m*4 derftanding them : and we oo promife lor ouifelr^ our fubjefts, and all our poteritv to be true and f* to the iaxd government, ami aiUng to the mainterAuaH thereof to our heft ability, and from time to time to give fpeedy notice of any confpiracy, attempt, or evil intetM Uon of anv which we : -\o or the elders who were at hand, and (ome of the deputies, w leturned anfwer to thisdfect (in the name of the Governor only) viz. After gratulation &c. of their friendly refpeft and our earneft defirr of the continuance of that good corrcf- pondency which hath been btlween themfelves and us ever fince our arrival in thefe parts, That our chief coun- cil to whom their letiers were dir< fted, being far difperf- ed &c. he was neceffiiated, with the advice of fome other of the magiflrates, to return this arilwer to them. foi rhe prefent, being rather a declaraticn of their own conceptions than the determination of our chiefeft au- thority, from which they foould receive further anfwer in time convenient. We declared our grief for the dif- ference between them and our brethren of Hartford, which we conceived might be compofcd by arbiters ei- ther in England or Holland, or here that by our con- federation we were bound to feck the good and iafety of each other as our own, which we hoped would not hin- der the continuance of that amity and correfpondency between themfelves and us : and that the ground of their difference being only for a fmall parcel of land, was a mat- JOURNAL, 505 matter of fo little value in this vaft continent, as was not 1643. worthy to caulie a breach between two people fo nearly v v - related both in profeflion of the fame proteftant religion and other wife, therefore we would leriouily requeft them, as we would do aUo the others, that when the juilice of the cauie were decided by one of the ways before namedj there might be abftinence on both fides, from injury and provocation, and if any fhould happen 'on their part, that it might be duly examined, and we were allured (they being a people fearing God, they durft not allow them- felves in any unrighteous courfc) they fhould receive equal fatis(ation. See more page We received news of a great defeat given the Nara- ganfetts by Onkus, and of 15 Dutch flain by the inclians, and much beaver taken, and of Mr. Lamberton <&c. Onkus being provoked by Sequailon a iachein of Con- (6) ne&icut who would not be pctfuaded by the magiftratts there to a reconciliation, made war upon him, and flew divers of his men and burnt his wigwams whereupon Miantonomoh, being his kinfman, look offence again it Onkus, and went with near i.ooomen and fet upon On- kus before he could be provided for deft-nee, for he had not then with him above 3 or 400 men : but it pleafed God to give Onkus the victory after he had killed about 30 of the Naraganfetts, and wounded many 'more, and among thefe two of Canonicus' ferns and a brother of Mi- antonomoh, who fled, but having on a coat of mail, Ipc was eattly overtaken, which two of his captains perceiv- ing, they laid hold on him and carried him to Onkus, hoping thereby to procure their 0wn pardon, but fo loon as they came to Onkus he flew them prefenfly, and Mi- antonomoh ftanding mute, he demanded of him why he would not (peak. If you had taken me, fayeth he, I would have befought you for my life. The news of Mi- antonomoh's captivity coming to Providence, Gorton and his company who had bought of him the lands be- longing to the lachems who were come under our juris- diction, wrote a letter to Onkus willing him to deliver their friend Miantonamoh, and threatened him with the power of the engliih if he refufed. Upon this Onkus carries Miantonaraoh to Hartford to take advice of the magiftrates ther, and at Miantonamoh's earned intieaty he left him with them, yet as a prifoner. They kept him under guard, but ufed him very courteoufly, and fo he continued 'till the commiflioners of the United Colonies Q q 306 G O V I R N O R W I N T H R O P't 1643. met at Bofton, who taking into ferious confideration what W*v- -* was fafeft and beft to be done, were all of opinion that it would not be fafe to fet him at liberty, neither had we fufficient giound for us to put him to death. In this dif- ficulty we called in five of the moft judicious elders (it being in the time of the general aflembly of the elders) and propounding the cafe to them, they all agreed that he ought to be put to death. Upon this concurrence we enjoined fecrccy to ourfelves and them, left if it fhould come the notice of the Naraganfetts, they might fet upon the commiflioners &c t in their return, to take Tome of them to redeem him (as Miantonamoh himfelf had told Mr. Haynes had been in confutation amongft them) and agreed that upon the return of the commiflioners to Hart- ford they fhould fenel for Oakus and tell him our deter- mination that Miantonamoh fhould be delivered to him again and he fhould put him to death fo foon as he came within his own jurildiclion, and that two eriglifh fhould go along with him to fee the execution, and that if any indians fhould invade him for it, we would fend men to defend him : If Onkus fhould refufe to do it, then Mi- antonarnoh fhould be lent in a pinnace to Bofton, there to be kept until further confideration. Thereafons of this proceeding with him were thefe. i. It was now clearly discovered to us that there was a general confpiracy among the indians to cut off all the rnglifh, and that Miantonamoh was the head and contriv- er of ir. 2. He was of a turbulent and proud fpirit, and would never be at reft. 3. Although he had promifed us in the open court to fend the Pequod to Onkus, who had fhot him in the arm with intent to have killed him (which ~ was by the procurement of Miantonamoh as it did pro- bably appear) yet in his way homeward he killed him. 4. He beat one of Pumham's men and took away his wampom, and then bid him go and complain to the Maf- fachufetts. According to this agreement the commiflioners, at their return to Connecticut, fent for Onkus, and acquainted him therewith, who readily undertook the execution, and taking Miantonamoh along with him, in the way between Hartford and Windfor (where Onkus had fome men dwell) Onkus' brother, following after Miantonamoh, clave his head with an hatchet, fome englifh being pre- fent. And that the indians might know that the englifb did approve of it, they fent 1 2 or 14 rnufketeers home v/ith JOURNAL. t 307 with Onkus to abide a time with him for his defence, if 6^43. need fhould be. v v J About the aoth of this month the {hips which went Me, 6. ;with La Tour came back fafe, not nc perfon milling or fick, but the report of their aftions was offenfive and grievous to us ; for when they drew near to La Tour'* place, D'Aulnay having difcovered them fet fail with his veffels (being two fhips and a pinnace) and ftopd right home to Port Royal. Ours purfued them, but could not fetch them up, but they ran their fhips on ground in the harbour and began to foitify themfclves : whereupon ours feist a boat to D'Aulnay with the Governor's letter and a letter from Capt. Hawkins, who by agreement a- mong themielves was commander in chief. The meffen- ger who carried the letters being one who could (peak french well, was carried blindfold into the houfe and there kept fix. or feven hours, and all D'Aulnay's com- pany plied Tor their fortifying with palifadoes, and the friars as buiy as any, and encouraging the women who cried pitifully, telling them we were infidels and here- tics. D'Aolnay would not open La Tour's letter be- caufe he did not ftile him Lieut. General &c. but he re- turned anfwer to the Governor and to Capt. Hawkins, and lent him a copy of the arrefl againfl La Tour, and .(hewed the original to the meilenger, but refufed tocerae to any terms of peace. Upon this La Tour urged much to have our men to aifault him, but they refufed. Then he defired that feme of ours might be landed with his to do feme mifchief to D'Aulnay. Capt. Hawkins would fend none, but gave leave to any that would go ; where- upon fome 30 f ours went with La Teur's men, and were encountered by D s Aulnay's men who had for- tified themfelves by his mill, but were beaten out with lofs of three of their men, and none (lain on our fide nor wounded, only three of La Tour's men were wounded. They fet the mill on fire and burnt fome (landing corn and retired to their (hips with one prifoner whom they took in the mill. D'Aul nay (hot with his ordonance at their boats as they went aboard, but mided them, nor did our (hips make one (hot at him again, but fet fail and went to La Tour's fort. While they lay there D'Aul- nay's pinnace came, fuppofinghe and his (hips had been (1111 there, and brought in her 400 moole (kins and 400 beaver (kins ; thefe they took without any refiflance and divided them ; one third La Tour had and the pinnace one 3 o8 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 16/13. one third to the {hips and the other to the rasn ; To they v -~ v ; ' continued there 'till their time was near expired and were paid titcir hire and returned. One (hip coming a good 'i.ne before the other and t.he pinnace went up I. Rivr. tome 20 leagues and laded with coal. They biought a piece of white marble whereof there is great ftore near Irs fort, which makes very good lime. Mo. 7. The indians near the dutch having killed 15 men as is before related, proceeded on and began to let upon the erglifh who dwelt under the Dutch. They carne to Mrs. Hutchinfprt's in way of friendly neighbourhood as they had been accuftomcd, and^faking their opportunity, killed her and Mr. Collins her fon in law (who had been kept prifoner in Bofton as is before related) and all her fa.i ily, and fuch of Mr. Throckmorton's and Mr. Corn- hill't> families as were at home ; in all fixteen, and put thtir cat'lc into their houfes and there burnt them. By a good providence of God there was a boat came in there at the fameinftant, to which fome women and children fled, and fp were faved, but two of the boatmen going up to the boufes were (hot and killed. Thefe people had caft offordinancesand churches, and now at laft their own people, and for large accommoda- tion had fubjc'fted thamfelves to the Dutch and dwc-lt fcatteririgly near a mile afunder : and fome that eicaped who had removed only for want (as they fairi) of hay for their cattle which increafed much, now coming back a- ga'n to Aquiday, they wanted cattle for their grafs, Thefe Indians having killed and driven away all the en- glifli upon the main as fsr as Stamford ( for fo far the Dutch had gained poffefTion bv the englilh) they pafled on to Long Ifland ani there aftaultcd the lody Moodye in her houfe divers times, for there were 40 men gather- ed thither to defend it. Thefe indians at the fame time fet upon the dutch with an implacable fury, and killed all they could come by, and burnt theirjioufes and killed their cattle without any refiftance. fo as the Governor and fuch as efcaped betook themfelves to their fort at Monhaton. and there lived and cat up their cattle. (4) There was an aflembly at Cambridge of all the elders in the country (about 50 in all) fuch of the ruling ciders as would were prefejU alfo, but none elfc. They fet in the college and had their diet there after the manner cf fcholars commons, but fomewhat better, yet fo ordered JOURNAL. 309 as it came r>ot to above fix pence the meal for a perfon. l ^4 Mr. Cotton and Mr. Hooker were chofen moderators. The principal occaiion was becaufc fomc of the elders went about to fetup fome things undoing to the prelbyte- ry,as of Nevvbury &c. The affembly concluded againft fome parts of the prt-fbyterial way, and the Newbury mi- nifter* took time to confider the arguments &c. Upon the complaint of the englifh of Patuxet near (7) Providence, who kad fubmitted to our jurifdi&ion and the two Indian fachcrti there of the continual injuries of- fered thorn by Gorton and his company, the general court fet-'Ufor them, by letter only, not in way of command, to come anfwer the comulaints, and fent them letters of fafe conduft. but they anfweted our metfengers difdainfully, refuiVd to come,^>ut fent two letters full of blafphemy againft th;", churc.hes and magiftracy, and other provok- ing terms, flighting all we eould do againft them ; fo that having iant three times and receiving no other an- iVv'er, we look tcftiraonies againft them both of englifh and indians. and determined to proceed with them by force : and becaufc they had told our meflengers the laft lime, that if we had any thing to fav t<> h*-m, if we would come to them they would do usjufticc therein, therefore we wrote to them -t" this effoft, viz. To the end that our juftice and moderation might appear to all men, we would condelcend Ib far to them as to lend commiffiqner* to hear their anfwers and allegations, and if thereupon they would give us fuch fatisfaftiori as fhould be juft, we would leave them in peace, if otherwife, we would pro- ceed by force of arms; and fignified withal that we would fend a Sufficient guard with our commiflioners, for feeing they would not truft themfelves with us upon our fafe conducV we had no reafon to truft oui felves with them upon their bare courtefy. And accordingly we fent the next week L apt. George Cook. Lieut. Atherton, and Edward Johnfon with corftmiffiori and inftrulions (the inftru6tions would here be inferted at large) and with them 40 f* fwer So the Governor committed them to the rnarfhali to convey to the common pfifon, and gave order they flaould be well provided for both for lodging and diet. Then he went forth again with the captain, and the fol- diers gave him three vollies of (hot and fo departed to the inn, where the Governor had appointed fome refraining to be provided for them above their wages. The next Lord's day in the forenoon the prifoners would not come to the meeting, fo as the magiftrate de- termined they fhould be compelled. They agreed to eonae, fo as they they might have liberty after ferrhon to fpeak if they had occafion. The magiftratcs anfwer was, that they did leave the ordering of things in the church tb the elderSj but there was no doubt but they might have leave to fpeak fo as they fpake the words of truth and fo- briety. So in the afternoon they came and were placed in the fourth feat right before the elders. Mr. Cotton (in his ordinary text) taught them out of Afts 19. of De- metrius pleading for Diana's filver fhrinas or temples &c. After fermon Gordon defired leave to fpeak, which be- ing granted, he repeated the points of Mr. Cotton's fer- mon, and coming to that of the filver fhrines, he faid that in the church there was nothing now but Chrift. fo that til our ordinances, minifters, facraments &c. were but men's inventions for {hew and pomp and no other than thofe (liver fhrines of Diana. He faid alfo that if Chrift lived eternally, then he died eternally ; and it appeared both by his letters and examinations that he held that Chrift was incarnate in Adam, and ihat he was that im- R r age 314 GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P's 1 ^43- a c of God wherein Adam was created, and that the chief ^- v*- > vvoik and mei it v as in that his incarnation in that he be- came inch a thing, fo mean &c. and that his being boi n after of the Virgin Mary and fuffering &c. was but a manifeftation of his fufferings &c. in Adam. Likewiie in his letters he condemned and reviled magif- tracv calling it an idol, alledging that a man might as well be a flave to his belly as to his own ipecies : yet be- ing examined he would acknowledge magiftracy to be an Oidinance of God in the world as marriage was, viz. noi other mngiftracy but what was natural, as the father over his wife and chidren, and an hereditary prince over his fubjefts. When the general couit was aflembled, Gorton and his company were brought forth upon the le&ure day at Bof- ton. and there before a great aflembly, the Governor de- clared the caufe and manner of our proceeding againfl them, and their letters were openly read, and all objec- tions aniwered. As i. That they were not within our jurifdiclion. To this was anfwered. i. That they were either within Plimouth or Mr. Fenwick, and they had yielded their power to us in this caufe. 2. If they were under no jurifdi&ion then had we none to complain unto for redrels of our injuries, and then we muft either right ourfelves and our fubjcfts by force of arms, or elie we mufl let ftill under all their reproaches and injuries,among \vhich they had this infolent pafTage. " We do more " difdain that you fliould fend for us to come to you, * than you could do if we fhould fend for the chiefeft a- *' mong you to come up to us and be employed according * 4 to our pleafure in fuch works as we fhould appoint ** you." As for their opinions we did not meddle with them for thofe, oiherwife than they had given us occafion by their letters to us, and by their free and open publifhing them amongft us, for we wrote to them only about civil con- troveifies between them and our people, and gave them no occafton to vent their blafphemings and revilings &c. And for their title to the indians land, we had divers times dciired them to make it appear, but they always refufed, even to our commiffioners whom we fent laft to them, and fince they were in prifon we offered to fend for any wit- neffes they would defire,but ftill they refufed, fo that our title appearing good, and we having now regained our poffeffion, we need not que'ftion them any more about that. Their letters being read, they were demanded fev* JOURNAL.' 315 erally if they would maintain ihofe things which were contained therein. They anfwered they would in that fenfe wherein they wrote them. After this they were brought before the court feverally to be examined (divers of the elders being de fired to be prefent) and becaufe they had faid they could give a good interpretation of all they had written, they were exam- ined upon the particular paffages, but the interpretation they gave being contradictory to their expreffions, they were demanded then if they would retraft thoie expref- fions, but that they refufed, and faid Mill that they ihould then deny the truth. For inilance in one or two ; their letters were directed one to their neighbours of the Maf- fachufetts, and the other of them to t'ae great honored idol gentleman of the Maffachufetts, and by a mefleng:r of their own delivered to our Governor, and many pai- fages in both letters particularly applied to our courts, our magistrates, our elders &c. yet in their examinations about their reproachful paiTages, they anfwered, that they meant them of the corrupt eflate of mankind iri general and not of us &c. So whereas in their letters they im- pute it to us as an error, that we teach that Chrift died actually only when he fuffered under Pontius Pilate, and before only in types : upon their examination they fay that their meaning was, that his death was actual to the faith of the fathers under the law, which is irf effect no other than we hold, yet they account it an error in us, and would not retrat that charge. One of the elders had been in the prifon with them, and hid conferred with them about their opinions, and they expreiTed iheir agreement with him in every point, fo as he intended to rnovc for favor for them, but when he heard their anfwer- upon their examination, he found how he had been de- luded by them, for thy excel the jefuits in the aft of equivocation, and regard not how falfe they fpeak to all othar men's apprehenGons, fo they keep to the rules of their own meaning. Gorton maintained that the image of God wherein Adam was created was Chrifl, and fo the lofs of that image was the death of Chrift. and the restoring of it in generation was ChrilVsrefurreciion, and fo the death of him that was born of the Virgin Mary was but a manifeflation of the former. In their letleis &c. they condemned all ordinances in the shurch, call- ing baptifm an abomination, and the Lord's fupper the juice ef a poor filly grape turned into tha blood of C.'b;ifl bv gi6 GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1643. by the {kill of our magicians &c. yet upon examination they would fay they did allow them to be the ordinances ofChrift; but their meaning was that they were to con- tinue no longer than the infancy of the church iafted (and but to novices then) for after the revelation was written they were to ceafe, for there, is no mention of them, fay they, in that book. They were all illiterate men, the ableft of them could not write true englifh, no not common words, yet they would take upon them the interpretation of the mod difficult places of fcripture, and wreft them any way to ferve their own turns : as to give one inflance for many. Mr. Cotton prefling them with that in Afts 10. " Who pan forbid water why thefe {hould not be baptized fo he commanded them to be baptized" they interpret thus. Who can deny but thefc have been baptized, feeing they have received the Holy Ghoft &c. fo he allowed them to have been baptized. This fhift they were put to that they might maintain their former opinion, That fuch as have been baptised with the Holy Ghoft need not the outward baptifm. The court and the elders fpent near a whole day in difcovery of Gorton's deep myfteries which he hadboaft- ed of in his letters, and to bring him to convi&ion, but all was in vain. Much pains was alfo taken with the reft, bu\ to as little effeft. They would accknowledg* no error or fault in their writings, and yet would feem fometimes to confent with us in the truth. After all thefe examinations the court began to confult about their fentence. The judgment of the elders alfo had been demanded about their blafpemous fpeechcs and opinions, what punifhment was due by the word of God. Their anfwer was firft in writing, that if they fhould maintain them as exprefled in their writings, their offence deferved death by the law of God. The fame fome of them declared after in open court. But before the court would proceed to determine of their fentence, they a- greed firft upon their charge, and then calling them all publickly they declared to them what they had to charge them with out of their letter and fpeeches. Their charge was this, viz. They were charged to be blafphemous ene- mies of the true religion of our Lord Jefus Chrift, and of all his holy ordinances, and iikewife of all civil govern- ment among his people, and particularly within this ju- rifdiftion. Then they were demanded whther they did ac- JOURNAL. 317 acknowledge this charge to be juft, and did fubmit to it, or what exceptions they had againft it. They anfwered they did notacknawledge it to be juft, but they took no particular exceptions to it, but fell into fome cavilling fpeeches, fo they were returned to prifon again. Being in prifon they behaved infolently towards their keeper, and fpake evil of the magiftrates Whereupon forne of the rnagiftrates were very earned to have irons prefently put upon them. Others thought it better to forbear all fuch fcverity 'till their fentenco were pafled. This latter opinion prevailed, After divers means had been ufed both in public and private to reclaim them, and all prov- ing fruitlefs, the court proceeded to confider of their fcn- tence : in which the court was much divided. All the magiftrates, lave three, were of opinion that Gorton ought to die, but the greatefl number of the deputies dif- fenting, thai vote did not pafs. In the end all agreed upon this fentence for feven of them, viz. that they fhould be difpei fed into feven feveral towns, and there kept to work for their living, and wear irons upon one leg, and not to depart the limits of the town, nor by word or writing maintain any of their blafphemous or wicked errors upon pain of death, only the exception for fpeech with any of the elders, or any other licenfed by any mag- iftrate to confer with them ; this cenfure to continue during the pleafure of the court. There were three more taken in the houfe with them, but becaufe they had not their hands to the letters they were difmiffed, two of them upon a fmall ranfom, as captives taken in war, and the third freely, for that he was but in his mailer's houfe &c. A fourth being found to be an ignorant young man was only enjoined to abide in \Vatertown upon pain of the court's difpleafure only. About a week after we fent men to fetch fo many of their cattle as might defray our charges, both of the fol- diers and of the court, which fpent many days about them, and for their expences in prifon. It came to in all about^i6o. There were three who efcaped out of the houfe ; thefe being fent for to come in, two of them did fo, and one of them, becaufe his hand was not to the let- ters, was freely difcharged,*the other was fent home upon his own bond to appear at the next court (only fome of his cattle were taken towards the charges) There was a fourth who had his hand to the firft letter, but he died before our ibldicrs went, and we left hi$ whole eftate to hie GOVERNOR WINTRHOP's his wife and children. Their arms were all taken from them, and of their guns, the court gave one fowling piece to Pumham and another to Saconoco, and liberty grant- ed them to have powder as being now within our jurif- diftion. The Lord Bartemore being owner of much land near Virginia, being himfelf a papift, and his brother Mr. Calcourt the governor there a papifl alfo, but the cblony confided both of proteftants and paoifts : he wrote a let- ter to Capt. Gibbons of Bofton, and fent him a commif- fion, wherein he made tender of land in Maryland to any of ours that would tranfport themfelves thither, with free liberty of religion, and all other privileges which the place afforded, paying fuch annual rent as (hould be agreed upon ; but our Captain had no mind to further his defire herein, ror had any of our people temptation that way. v5) 1 3 One Capt. Jo. Chaddock fon of him that was Govern- or of Bermuda, a godly gentleman, but late removing from them with his family and about 10 more to Trini- dado where himfelf and wife and mod of his company died ; arrived here in a man of war of about 100 tons, fet forth by the Earl of Warwick. He came hither for planters for Trinidado (Mr. Humphry having told the Earl that he might be fupplied from hence) but here was not any that would enter upon that voyage &c. So La Tour having a pinnace here at the fame . time, they hired Capt. Chaddock for two months at "200 the month, partly to convey the pinnace home from the danger of D'Aulnay his veffels, and partly for other fervice again (I D f Aulnay there, but when they came they found D'Aul- nay gone into France and a new fort raifed at Port Roy- al, and a pinnace ready to go forth to trade, fo they kept her in fo long 'till the feafon was over and his two months out, and then he returned to Bofton. When he was come in near the town his men going up upon the main yard to hand in the fail, the main tie brake, and the yard falling down {hook off five men into the fea, and tho' it were calm and fmooth water, yet not having their boat out three of them were drowned. One of thefe had taken fome things out of the defei ted caftle as they went out. Notwithftanding this fad accident, yet fo foon as they came on {hore they fell to drinking &c. and that evening the captain and his mafter being at fupper, and having drank too much, the captain began to fpeak evil of the coun- J O U R N A L. 3>9 country, fwearing fearfully, that we were a bafe heathen 1643. people. His matter anfwered that he had no reafon to fay fo, for it was the beft place that ever he came in. Upon thefe and other fpeeches the Capt. arofe and drew his {word, and the mafter drew forth his piftol, but the company flaying them from doing any milchief, the Cap- tain iware blood and wounds he would kill him. For this they were brought before the court, and the Captain fined 20 and committed to the marfhall 'till he gave fe- curity for it. The mafter for that he was in drink, as he ifcgenioutty acknowledged &c. was fined only io/. but was let at liberty from the captain, who had formerly mifufed other of his men, and was a very proud and in- temperate man. But becaufe the fhip was the Earl of Warwick's who had always been forward to do good to our colony, we wrote to him that the fine fhould be referved to be at his lordfhip's difpofing when ha fhould pleafe to command or call for it. See the next By order of the general court all ths magiflrates and (10) the teaching elders of the fix nearefl churches were ap- pointed to be forever governois of the college, and this day they met at Cambridge and conftdered of the officers of the college, and chofe a tre..furer, H, Pelham Efq. be- ing the firft in that office. This day five Giips fet fail from Boflon ; three of them were built here, two of 300 tons and the other of 160. One of them was bound for London with many paiTen- pers, men of chief rank in the country, and great flore of, beaver. Their adventure was very great, confidering the doubtful cftate of the affairs of England, but many prayers of the churches went with them and followed after them. Capt. Chaddock having brought from the French a (n) pinnace of about 30 tons (which La Tour fold him for and was the fame which was taken before from D'Aulnay)he had manned and fitted her to go in her to Trinidado, and riding before Boflon ready to depart, and eight men aboard her, one flriking fire with a piflol, two barrels of powder took fire and blew her up ; five of the men being in the cabbin were deftroyed, and the other three being in the other part were much fcorched and hurt, but got into their boat and were faved. The cap- tain himfelf was then on fhore at Boflon. It is obferva- ble that thcfe men making no ufe of the fudden lofs of three o GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P's 6143. three of their company, but falling to drinking &c. that . .I. v . .J very - vcning this judgment came thus upon them. It is alfo to be obferved that two veffels have thus been blown up in our harbour, and both belonging to fuch as defpif- ed us and the ordinance of God amongft us. See more page About this time Capt. Daniel Patrick was killed at Stamford by a dutchman who fhot him dead with a pif- tol. This captain was entertained by us out of Holland (where he was a common foldier of the Prince's ^uard) to excrcife our men. We made him a captain, and main- tained him. After, he was admitted a member of the church of Watertown and a freeman ; but he grew very proud and vicious, for though he had a wife of his own a good dutchwoman and comely, yet he defpifed her and followed after other women, and perceiving that he was difcovered, and that fuch evil courfes would not be en- dured here, and being withal of a vain and unfettled dif- poiition, he went from us, and fat within twenty miles of the dutch, and put himfelf under their protection, and joined to their church, without being difmiffed from Watertown : but when the Indians arofe in thofe parts he fled to Stamferd and there was Gain. The dutchman who killed him was apprehended but made an efcapc ; and this was the firfl of his wicked courfc and breach of covenant with his wife, with the church, and with that ftate who had called him and maintaiaetl him, and he found his death from that hand where he fought protec- tion. It is obfervable that he was killed upon the Lord's day in the time of afternoon cxercife (for ha feldom went to the public affemblies) It was in Capt. Underbill's houfe the dutchman had charged him with treachery for caufing 120 men to come to him upon his promife to di- rect them to the indians &c. but deluded them. Where- upon the captain gave him ill language and fpit in his face, and turning to go out, the dutchman fhot him be- hind in the head, fo he fell down dead and never ipake. The murderer efcaped out of cuftody. (10) 3. The Hopewell a fhip of Bofton about 60 tons arrived ; the freight was wines, pitch, fugar, ginger &c. She had her lading at Palma an ifland near Teneriffe. The Spani- ards ufed our people courteoufly, but put them to give fe- eurity to Tome englifh merchants refiding there to dif- eharge their cargoes at Bofton, for they would not have the Portugalsof the to have any goods from them. She j Q U R N A L. She performed her voyage in four months. She went a 1643. fecond voyage thither foon after, but was never heard of, her lading was corn in bulk. At this time came over Thomas Morton our profefied old adverfary, who had let forth a book again ft Us, and written reproachful and-menacing letters to fome of us. Some of Watertown began a plantation at Martin's vineyard beyond Cape Cod, and divers families oing thi- ther, they procured a young man one Mr. Green a icho- lar to be their minifter, in hopes foon to gather a church there. He went not. Others of the fame town began alfo a plantation at Nafhaway fome 15 miles N.W. from Sudbury. About midnight three men coming in a boat to Bofton (11) faw two lights ai'ife out of the water near the north point cf the town cove, in form like a man, and went at. a fmall diftance to the town, and fo to the fouth point, and there Vanished away. They faw them about | of an hour, be- ing between the town and the Governor's garden. The like was feen by many, a week after, arifing about Caftle Ifland and in 1-5 of an hour came to Jo. Gallop's point. The country being weary of the charge of maintaining Caftle Ifland, the laft general Court made an order to have it deferted and the ordonance fetched away; but Bofton and other towns in the bay finding that thereupon the mafters of lome fhips which came from England took occafion to flight us and to offer injury to our people, having liberty to ride and go out under no command, and conlidering alfo how eafily any of our towns in the bay might be furprized, we having no ftrength without to flop them or to give notice of an enemy ; they chofe certain men out of the feveral towns who met at Bofton to con- fider of fome cou i fe of repairing and maintaining it at their proper charge : but the difficulty was, how to do it without offence to the general court who had ordered the deferting of it &c. The i8th of this month two lights were feen near Bof- ton (as is before mentioned) and a week after the Iik4 was feen again. A light like the moon arofe about the N.E. point in Bofton and met the former at Mottles If- lancf, and there they clofed in one and then parted, and clofed and parted divers times, and fo went over the hill in the ifland and vanifhed. Sometimes they fhot out flames and fometimes fparkles. This was about 8 of the clock in the evening, and was feen by many. About the S s fame 3 2t GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1643. fame time a voice was heard upon the water bet ween Bof v v ' ton and Dorcliefter, calling out in a moft dreadful man- ner, boy, boy> come away^ come away : and it fuddenly ftiift- ed from one place to another a great diftance about twen- ty times. It was heard by divers godly perfons. About 14 days after, the fame voice in the fame dreadful man- ner was heard by others on the other fide of the town toward Nottles Ifland. Thefe proceedings having fome reference to the place where Capt. Chaddock's pinnace was blown up a little before gave occafion of fpeech of that man who was the caufe of it, who profefled himfelf to have {kill in necro- mancy, and to have done fome ftrange things in his way from Virginia hither, and was fufpecled to have murder- ed his mafter there, but the magiftrates here had ho no- tice of him 'till after he was blown up. This is to be obferved that his fellows were all found, and others who were blown up in the former fhip were alfo found, and others alfo who have mifcarried by drowning &c. have ufually been found, but this man was never found. (12) 5. Cuifhamekin and Aga warn, and Jofias, Chickalabot his heir carne to the Governor, and in their own name and the names of all the fachems of Watchamfett, and all the Indians from Merrimack to Tefticutt tender'd themfelves to our government, and gave the Governor a prefent of 30 fathom of wampom, and offered to come to the next court to make their acknowledgment &c. The Govern- or received their prefent to keep it 'till th court &c. and if the court and they did agree, then to accept it. We: now began to conceive hop* that the Lord's time was at hand for opening a door of light and grace to thofe in- dians, and fome fruit appeared of our kind dealing with Pumham and Sacoconoco, protecting them againft the Naraganfett, and righting them againft Gorton &c. who had taken away their land : for this example gave encou- ragement to all thefe indians to come in and fubmit to our government, in expectation of the like protection and * benefit, 16 Pefacus the Naraganfett fachem fent again a meffage to the Governor with another prefent by Wafhofe a fachem who came before, and his errand was, that feeing they, at our requeft, had fitten fiill this year, that now. this next year we would grant their r^jueft, and fuffer them to fight with Onkus, with many arguments. The Governor refufed his prefent, and told him that if they fent us 1000 fath- JOURNAL. 323 fathom of wampom ind 1000 (kins, yet we would not do 1643. that which we judged to be unjuft, viz. to defert Onkus, v~^ / but our resolution was, and that they muft reft upon, that if they made war upon Onkus, the englifh would all fall upon them. The Trial (the firft fhip built in Bofton) being about (0 2 3 160 tons, Mr. 'Thomas Graves an able and a godly man mailer of her, was fent to Bilboa in the 4th month laft, with fifh, which fhe fold there at a good rate, and from thence fhe freighted to Malaga, and arrived here this day laden with wine, fruit, oil, iron and wool, which was a great advantage to the country, and gave encouragement to trade. So foon as fhe was fitted fhe ,was fet forth a- gain to trade with La Tour, and fo along the eaftern coafl \3/ towards Canada. One Mr. Rigby a lawyer and a parliament man, wealthv and religious, -had purchafed the Plough Patent lying at Sagadahock, and had given commiftion to one Mr. Cleaves as his deputy, to govern the people there &c. He landing at Bofton and knowing how diflafteful this would be to the Governor of Sir Ferdinand Gorges' pro- vince of New Somerfetfhire, who challenged jurifdicHoh in a great part of Ligonia or the plough patent, petition- ed the general court to write to them on his behalf but the court thought not fit fo to do, but rather that the Gov- ernor fhould write in his own name only, which he did accordingly. But when Mr. Cleaves came to fet his commiffion on foot, and called a court at Cafco. Mr. Richard Vines and other of Sir Ferdinand Gorges' com- rniflioners oppofed,& called another court at Saco the fame time : whereupon th inhabitants were divided ; thofe of Cafco &c. wrote to Mr. Vines that they would ftand to the judgment of the magiftrates of the Bay 'till it were decided in England, to which government they fhould belong, and fent this letter by one Tunker. Mr. Vines imprifoned him, and the next day took his bond for his appearance at Saco and his good behaviour. Upon this Mr. Cleaves and the reft, about thirty perfons, wrote to our Governor for aili fiance againft iyir. Vines, and tend- red themfelves to the confociation of the United Colo- nies ; and befide, they had an order not to receive any but fuch as were in a church way &c. Not long after, viz. (2) 24. Mr. Vines cams to Bofbon with a letter from himfelf arid the other of Sir F. Gorges' com- 334 GOVERNOR WINTHR.OP's 1643. commiffioncrs and ofher inhabitants- of the province, be- ^^ ^y- mj twecn 20 and 30. Three fifhermen of a boat belonging to Ifle of Shoals were very profane men, and fcorners of religion, and were di inking all the Lord's day, and the next k were thefe. i. That this court fhould treat general affairs which the freemen had referved to the court of eletHons. 2. That they fhould put out four of the magiftrates from that power and truft which the free- men had committed to them. 3. At the commiflion it- felf, feeing they ought not to accept that power by com- mifiion which did belong to them by the patent and by their election. They had little to anfwer to this, yet they , he carne foon after to fome of the magittrates and told them that this queftioning in the court had occaiion- ed him to fearch further into the point, and he was now fatisfied that the parliament's caufe was good, and if ho V/cve in "England he would affift in defence of it. The contentions in Hampton were grown to a great j^eight, the whole town was divided into two factions one with Mr. Batchellor their late paftor, and the other vyitfc Mr. Dalton their teacher, both men very paffionate and wanting difcretion and moderation. Their differ- ences were not in matters of opinion but of pra&ice. Mr. Dalton's part being the moft of the church, and fo freemen, had great advantage of the other, tho' a confi- derable part and forne of them of the church alfo, where- by they carried all affairs both in church and town ac- cording to their own minds, and not with that refpect to their brethren and neighbours which had been fit. Di- vers meetings had been both of magiflrates and elders, and parties had been reconciled but brake out prefently again, each fide being apt to take fire upon any provoca- tion -whereupon Mr. Batchellor was advifed to remove, and was called to Exeter whither he intended to go, but they being divided, and at great difference alfo, when one part had appointed a day of humiliation to gather a new iphurch, and call Mr. Batchellor, the court fent order to flop it, for they confideredthey were not in a fit condition for fuch a work, and befide, Mr. Batchellor had been in three places before, and through his means as was fup- pofed, the churches fell to fuch divifions, as no peace could be 'till he was removed. And at this court there came petition againft petition both from Hampton and Exeter ; whereupon the court ordered two or three mag- iftrates to be fent to Hampton with full power to hear and determine all differences there. At Wenharn alfo there was a public affembly for gath- a church, but the magiftratcs and elders prefent, find- JOURNAL. 341 finding upon trial, that the pevfons appointed werg not 1644. fit for foundation ftones, they advifed them not to pro- v *< ' eecd, which they obeyed. About this time Mr. Vines of Saco, Mr. Short of PC- (4) & (5) maquid. and Mr. Waverton of Pifcai : went to La Tour to call for fome debts &c. In their way they put in at Penobfcutt and were there dttained prifoners a few days ; but after, for Mr. Short's fake, to whom D*A\ilnay wa* in debt, ihcy were difmifled : and going to La Tour, Mr. Waverton afld fame other englifhrnen of the eaftern parts were entertained bv him and fent with fome 20 of his men to try if they could not take Pcnobfcott, for he under- ftood the fort was weakly manned and in want of viftual. They went firft to a farm houfe of D'Aulnay's about fix miles off, and there Waverton and two more went and knocked at the door, with their fwords and piftols ready : one opens the door, and another prefently (hoots Waver- ton dead, and a third {hoots his fecond in the (boulder, but he withal discharged his piftol upon him that (hot him, and killed him. Then other of Waverton's corn- pan y.came in and took the houfe and the two men (for there were no more) prifoners, and they burnt the hbufe and killed the cattle they found there, and fo embarked themfelves and came to Bofton to La Tour. This Tho- mas Waverton was a ftout man and had been a foldiev many years : he had lived very wickedly in whoredom, drunkenef* and quarrelling, fo as he had kept the Pifcat.: men under care of him divers years 'till they came under this government, and fmce that he was much restrained, and the people freed from his terror. Me had of late came under fome terrors, and motions of the fpirit by means of the preaching of the word, but ho had fhaken them off, and returned to his former diffolute courfe, and fo continued 'till God cut him off by this fudden ex- ecution. But this hoftile action being led on by an etig- lifhman of our jurifdi&ion, it was like to provoke D'Aul- nay the more again ft us. There was mention made before of a pinnace fent by the company of difcoverers (3) g. to Delaware river with letters from the Governor to the Dutch and Swedifti Gov- ernors for liberty to pafs* The dutch promifed to let them pals, but for maintaining their own interefthemuft protefl againft them. When they came to the Swedes, the fort (hot at them, ere they came up : whereupon they caft forth anchor, and the next morning, being the Lord's 34* GOVERNOR W I N T H R O P's 1644. Lo^d'* day, the lieut. came aboard them and Forced them -> fall down lower ; when Mr. Afpenwall cam? to the Governor and complained of the lieutenant's ill dealing both in fhooting at them b^fo^e he had hailed them, and in forcing rhem to weigh anchor on the Lord's day. The Governor acknowledged he did ill in both, and promifed all favor, but the dutch agefU being come down to th Swede fort, fhewed exprefs order from the dutch Gov- ernor not to let him pafs. whereupon they returned. But before they came out of the river, the Swedifh lieutenant made them pay 4q/i for that {hot which he had unduly ina^c. The pinnace arrived at Bofton (5) 20. 44. See page A dutch fhip came from the Weft Indies and brought to Monhatoes aoo foldiers from CuraCou, which was tak- en by the Portugal and the Indians and 800 (lain of the dutch part, as was reported. 23 La Tour having been with the Governor at Salem and made known his condition to him, he was moved with compaffion towards him, and appointed a meeting of the magi ft rates and elders at Bofton this day. In opening La Tour's cafe it appeared that the place where his fort was, had been purchafed by his father of Sir William Alexander, and he had a free grant of it, and of all that part of New Scotland, under the great feal of Scotland, and another grant of a^Scott Baronet under the fame feal; and that himfelf and his father had continued in pofie llion &c. about 30 years, and that Port Royal was their's alTo, until D'Aulnay had difpofleflcd him of it by force within thefe five years. Moft of the magiftrates and fome of elders were clear in the cafe that he was to be relieved, both in point of charity as'a diftrefled neigh- bour, and alfo in point of prudence, as thereby to root out, or at leaft weaken, an enemy or a dangerous neigh- bour. But becaufe many of the elders were abfent, and three or four of the magiftrates diflented, it was agreed the reft of the elders fhould be called in, and that another meeting (hould be at Salem the next week. W r hen they were met, the Governor propounded the cafe to them, and it was brought to the two former queftions. i. Whether it were lawful for true chriftians to aid an anti- chriftian. t , Whether it were fafc for us in point of prudence. After much difputation, fome of the magif- trates and elders remaining unfatisfied, and the reft not willing to conclude any thing in this cafe without a full confent, a third way was propounded which all aflented JOURNAL. a unto, which was this, that a letter fhould be fent to D*- 1644, Aulnay to this effe&, viz. That by occafion of fomecom- * millions of his (which had come to our hands) to 'hi* captains to take our people &c. and not knowing any juft occafion we had given him^ to know the reafon there- of, and withal to demand fatisfa&ion for the wrongs he had done us and our confederates in taking Penoblcott, and our men and goods at lile Sable, and threatening to make prize of our veflels if they came to Penobfcott &c. declaring withal that altho' our men which went lali year to aid La Tour did it without any commiflion from us, or any counfel or aft of permiflion of our ftate ; yet if he made it appear to us that they had done him any wrong (which yet we knew not of) we (hould be ready to do him juftice ; and requiring his exprefs anfwer by the bearer, and expecting that he fhould call in all fuch corn- mi ffions &c. We fubfcribed the letter with the hands of eight of the magiftrates, and dire&ed it to Mons'r D f - Aulnay Knight, General for the King ot France in L. Acady at Port Royal. We fent it in Enghfh becaufe he had written to our Governor in French, but underftand- ing that he had been formerly fcrupulous to anfwer letter* in englifh, we therefore gave the meflenger a copy of it in French. We fent alfo in the letter a copy of an order publifhed by the Governor and council, whereby we for- bad all our people to ufe any acl; of hoflility otherwife than in their own defence, towards trench or dutch &c, 'till the next general court &c. In our letter we alfo mentioned a courfe of trade our merchants had entered into with La Tour, and our refolution to maintain them in it. Before this letter was fent we had intelligence from the W. Indies, that D'Anlnay was ,met at fea by fome Bifcayers and his (hip 'funk, yet being not certain hereof when La Tour went home, we fent the letter by a vefTel of our own which accompanied him, to be deliver- ed if occafion were. This news proved falfe and no fuch thing was ; and indeed it was fo ufual to have falfe news brought from all parts, that we were very doubtful of themoft probable reports. At the fame meeting there were three other queftiont on foot the firft was upon this occafion. Capt. Stagg arriving at Bofton in a fhip of London of 24 pieces ofordonance, and finding there a fhip of Brif- fol of 100 toni, laden with f.fh for Bilboa, ht made no fpccch GOVERNOR WIN THRO P's 1644. fpeeth of any commiflion he had, but having put on fKons ' a good part of his lading, which was wine from Teneriffe, he {uddenly weighed anchor and with the /failed from before Bofton to Charleftown and placed his fhip be'wen Charleftown and the Britilh fhip, and mov- ed himfelf aboard her. Then he called the rnafter of the Britifh (hip and (hewed him his commiflion and told him if he would yield, himfelf and all his fhould have what belonged to them and their wages to that day s and turn- ing up the -^ hour glafs, fet him in his own (hip again, requiting to have his anfwer by that time f \ an hour. The mafter coming aboard acquainted his men with it, and demanded their refdlution : two or three would have faught, and rather have blown up (hip than have yielded ; but the greater part prevailed, fo (he was quietly taken, and all the men lave three fent to Bofton, and there order was taken by the captain for their diet. In this \ hour's time much people gathered together upon Windmill hill to fee the iffue, and lome who had intereft in the fhip, efpecially one Briftoll merchant (a very bold malignant perfon) began to gather company and raife a tumult, but fome of the people prefent laid hold of them and brought them to the Deputy Governor, who com- mitted the merchant and fome others who were ftrang- ers to a chamber in an ominary, with a guard upon them : and others who were town dwellers he committed to prifon, and fent the conftable to require the people to depart to their houfes ; and then hearing that the fhip was taken, he wrote to the captain to knoto by what au- thority he had done it in our harbour, who forthwith re- paired to him with his commiflion which was to this effeft. Rbt. comes Warwici &c. magnus Admiral in Anglia &.C. orb : et cujufcunque flatus honoris &c. falutum* Sciati* quod in regiftro cuj : Adrniralis &c. arid fo re- cites the ordinance of parliament in Englifh, to this ef- feft. That it fhould be lawful for all men &c. to fet forth (hips and to take all veflels in or outward bound to Or from Briftoll, Barnilable, Dartmouth &c. in hoftility againft the King and parliament, and to vifit all (hips in any port or creek &c. by force, if they flaould refuie &c. & they were to have the whole prize to themfelves paying the 10 to the Admiral provided before they went forth they (hould give fecurity to the Admiral to obferve their commiflion, and that they fhould make a tru invoice of all JOURNAL. all goods, and not break bulk, but bring the (hip to the admiral and two or three of the officers, and that they (hould not rob or fpoil any of the parliaments friends, and fo concludes thus. Stagg Capitanis obliga- ^rit fe &c. in bis millc libris &c. In cujus rei teftimonio figillum Admiralis apponi feci, Dated, March, 1644. Upon fight of this comrniffion the Deputy appointed Capr. Stagg to bring or fend it to the meeting at Salem, and the tumult being pacified, he took bond with fure- ties, of the principal ftirrers, to appear at the meeting and to keep the peace in the mean time. The captain brought his commiffion to Salem and there it was read and con- fidered. Some of the elders, the laft Lord's day, had in their fermons reproved his proceeding, and exhorted the magistrates &c. to maintain the people's liberties, which were, they faid, violated by this aft, and that a commif- fion could hot fuperfede a patent : and at this meeting fome of the magiflrates and fome of the elders were of the fame opinion, and that the captain fhould be forced to reftore the fhip. But the greater part of both were of a different judgment Their reafons were thefe. 1. Becaufe this could be no precedent to bar us from oppofing any commiilion or other foreign power that might indeed tend to our hurt or violate our liberty ; for the parliament had taught us, that fains populi is Juprtina lex. a. The King of England was enraged againftusand all that party, and all the popifh ftates in Europe : and if we fhould now, by oppofing the parliament, caufe them to forfake us, we could have no protection or countenance from any, but fhould lie open as a prey to all men. Q. We might not deny the parliament's power in this cale, unlcfs we Ihould deny the foundation of our govern- ment by our patent ; for the parliament's authority will take place in all peculiar and privileged places where the King's writs or commiflions will not be of force ; as in. the Dutchy of Lancaftcr^ the Cinque ports, and in Lon- don itfelf, the parliament may fetch at any mart, even the Lord Mayor himfelf, and the reafon is, becaufe what the parliament doth is done by themfelves, for they have their burgefles <&c. there; nor need they fear that the parliament will do any man wrong : and we have con- iented to hold our land of the manor of E. Greenwich, and fo fuch as are burgefles or knights for that manor, arc X x OUT 6 GOVERNOR WINTHROP'a 1644. our burgeffes alfo. This only might help us, that th ^ / King giving us land which was none of his, but we were forced to purchafe it of the natives, or fubdue it as vacuum domitillium> we ^re not bound to hold that of him which was not his. Butifweftand upon this plea, we muft then renounce our patent and England's protection, which were a great weaknels in us, feeing their care feath been to flrengthen our liberties and not overthrow them : and if the parliament fhould hereafter be of a malignant fpiritrffec. then if we have ftrength fufBcient, we may make ufe of Jalus populi to withstand any authority flora thence to our hurt, 4. Again, if we who have fo openly declared our af- fe&ion lo the caufe of the parliament by our prayers, fallings &c. fhould now oppofe their authority, or do any thing that might make fuch an appearance, it would belaid hold on by thofe in Virginia and the W. Indies to confirm them in their rebellious courfe ; and it would grieve all our godly friends in England, or any other of the parliament's friends. 5, Laftly, if any of our people have any goods in the {hip, it is not to be questioned, but upon teftimony, the parliament will take order for their fatisfa&ion. It was objected by fome, that our's is perfetta re/publicA and fo not iubjet to appeals, and consequently to no other power but among ourfelves. It was anfwercd, that tho' our patent frees us from appeals in cafes of ju-^ dicature, yet not in point of ftate ; for the king of Eng- land cannot erigere perfe&am rempublicam i n fuch a fenfe : for nemo poteft plus jure in alios transjerre quam inje habtt ; he hath not an abfolute power without the par- liament. Upon thefe and other confidefations it was net thought fit to oppofe the parliament's coinmiflion, but to fuffer the captain to enjoy his price. But becaufe fpme of ouf merchants had put goods aboard her wherein they claim- ed property, they defired to try their right by aftion, to which the captain confented to appear, fo a court was called of purpofc, the iffue thereof follows after. The third matter which fell into consideration at the faid meeting at Salem was about one Franklin who at the laft court of afliftants was found guilty of murder, but fome of the magistrates doubting of the juftice of the cafe, he was reprieved 'till the next court of afliftants. The cafe was this. He had taken to apprentice one Nathaniel Sc- JOURNAL. 3 Sewell one of thofe children fent over the lafl year for 1644, the country; the boy had the fcurvy, and was withal very noifome, and othervvife ill difpofed. His matter ufed him with continual rigor and unmerciful correction, and pxpofed him many times to much cold and wet in the winter feafon, and ufed divers afts of rigor towards hirn, as hanging him in the chimney &c. and the boy being ve- ry poor and weak, he tied him upon an horfe and fo brought him (fometimes fitting and fometimes hanging down) to Bofton, being five miles off. to the magistrates ; and by the way the boy calling much for water, would give him none, tho* he came clofe by it, fo as the boy was near dead when he came to Bofton, and died within few hours after. Thofe who doubted whether this were mur- der or no, did flick upon two reafons chiefly, i. That it did not appear that the mafter's intention was to hurt him, but to reform him. 2. In that which was moft like- ly to be the occafion or caufe of his death, he was bufied about an aftion which in itfelf was lawful, viz. the bring- ing of him before the magiftrates ; and murder cannot be committed but where the aftion and intention both are evil. To this it was anfwered that this continual aft of cruelty did bring him to death by degrees, and the laft aft was the confummation of it ; and that this aft, in regard to the fubjeft, who to the apprehenfion of all that faw him, was more fit to be kept in his bed, than to be haled to correftion, was apparently unlaxvful. As in cafe a man had . .a Servant fick in bed of the frnall pox newly come forth, and that his mafler knowing and feeing thefe upon his body fhould, againft the physician's advice, hale him forth of his bed into the open air in frofty weather, upon pretence that he might eafe nature &c. this aft in regard of the (late of the fubjeft, were utterly un- lawful, and if the fervant {hould die under his hand &c. it were murder in him. As for the intention, though prima intentio might be to reform him, yet fure proximo intentio was evil, becaufe it arofe from diftem per of paf- fion ; and if a man in a fudden paflfian kill his dear friend or child, it is murder, though his prima intentio were to inftruft oradmonifh him : and in fome cafes where there appears no intention to hurt, as where a man knowing his ox to have ufed to pufh, fhall not keep him in, fo as he kills a man, he was to die for it. though fo keep an ox were a lawful aft, and he did not intend hurt, but bccaufe he did not what he reafonably ought to prevent c^c, therefore he was a murderer .-And that in Exodus ^8 GOVERNOR W I NTH R O F' 1644. if a mafter flrike his fervant with a rod, which is a law* ful aftion, and he die under his hand (as this fervant did) he was to die for it : And that in Deut. if a man ftrike with a weapon or with his hand, or any thing wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer, {hews plainly, that let the means be what it may, if it be voluntarily applied to an evil intent, it is murder; ac- cording to that judgment given againft her that fave a potion to one to procure his love, and it killed im, it was adjudged murder. All the magiftrates feeming to be fatisfiedupon this con- ference, warrant was figned by the Governor for his ex- ecution a week after : which was not approved by fome in regard of his reprieval to the next court of affiftants, but it was without any good reafon : for a condemned man is in the power of the magiftrate to be executed when he pleafe, and the reprieval was no ftipulation or covenant with him, but a determination among the mag- iftrates for the fatisfa&ion of fome who were doubtful, which fatisfaclion being attained, currat kx <&c. Pro. 22. JJe (hall go to the pit, let no man hinder him. This man had been admitted into the church of Rox- bury about a month before, and upon this he was caft out ; but the church in companion to his foul, after his condemnation, procured licence for him to come to Rox- bury, intending to receive him in again before he died, if they might find him truly penitent. But tho' prefently after his condemnation he judged himfelf, and juftified God and the court, yet then he quarrelled with the wit- neffes, and juftified himfelf, and fo continued even to his execution, profefling affurance of falvation, and that God would never lay the boy his death to his charge, but the guilt of his blood would lie upon the country. Only a little before he was turned off theladder,he feemed to ap- prehend fome hardnefs of heart that he could not fee him- felf guilty of that which others did. A fourth matter then in confideration was upon a fpeech which the Governor made to this effeft, viz. i. That he could not but bewail the great differences and jarrings which were upon all occafions, among the magif- trates, and between them and the deputies that the ground of this was jealoufies and mifreports ; and there- upon fome elders fiding &c.but not dealing with any of them in a way of God; but hearing them reproached and palling it in filence : alfo their authority queftioned, as if they had none out of court but what mult be grant- JOURNAL. pd them by commiffion from the general court &c. and the way to redreis hereof was. that the place and power of magiftrates and deputies might be known ; and io the elders were defired (which they willingly aflented to) to be mediators of a thorough reconciliation, and to go a- fcout it prefently, and to meet at Bofton two or three da^s before the next court to perfect the fame. But indeed the magiftrates did all agree very well together except two only, viz. Mr. Bellingham and Mr. Saltonftall, who took part with the deputies againft the other ten magif- trates about their power, and in other cafes where any difference was. And fome of the elders had done no good offices in this matter thro* their mifapprehenfions both of the intentions of the magiftrates, and alfo of the matters ihfmfelves, being affairs of ftate, which did not belong to their calling. The merchants which had to do with the goods in the fhip which was feized by Capt. Stagg, being defirous to do their utmoft to fave their principals in England from damage, knowing them to be honeft men and faithful to the parliament, intended to have a trial at law about it, and procured an attachment againft the captain ; but they were difluaded from that courie, and the Deputy fent for Capt. Stagg and acquainted him with it, and took his word for his appearance at the next court which was called of purpofe. When the Governor and fix other of the magiftrates were met (for the Governor did not fend for fuch as dwelt far off) and the jury, the merchants were purfuaded not to put it to a jury, for the jury could find no more but the matter of faft, viz. whofe the goods were, whether the merchants in England or theirs who {hipped them, in regard they had not yet made any con- fignment of them, nor taken any bills of lading : and this the magiftrates could as well determine upon proof, and certify accordingly : for it was refolved not to ufe any force againft the parliament's authority ; and. according- ly they certified the Lord Admiral qf the true ftate of the cafe as they found it upon examination and oath of the factors. The pinnace which went to Delaware upon difcovery returned with lofs of their voyage. The occafion was, the Dutch Governor made a proteft againft them, yd promifed them leave to pafs &c. provided they lliould not trade with the indians : alfo the Swedifh Governor gave them leave to pafs, but would not permit them to trade. 33o GOVERNOR WIN THRO P's 1644. trade ; and for that end each of them had appointed a pinnace to wait upon our pinnace, but withal the mafter of their veflel proved fuch a drunken fott, and fo com- plied with the Dutch and Swedes as they feared. When they fhould have left the veflfel to have gone up to the lake in a fmall boat, he would in his drunkennefs have betrayed their goods &c. to the Dutch, whereupon they gave over and returned home ; and bringing their aftion againft the mafter both for his drunkennefs and denial to proceed as they required, and as by charter party he was bound, they recovered 200 of him, which was too much, tho' he did deal badly with them, for it was very "proba- ble they could not have proceeded. There fell out a troublefome bufinefs at Bofton, upon this occafion. There arrived here a Portugal fhip with fait, having in it two englifhmen only. One of thefe hap- pened to be drunk and was carried to his lodging, and the conflable (a godly man and zealous againft fuch dif- orders) hearing of it, found him out, being upon his bed afleep, fo he awaked him, and bade him to the ftocks, there being no magiftrate at home. He being in the ftocks, one of La Tour's gentlemen lifted up the ftocks and let him out. The conftable hearing of it went to the frenchman (being then gone and quiet) and would needs carrv him to the ftocks ; the frenchman offered to yield himfelf to go to prifon. but the conftable not underftand- ing his language preffsd him to go to the ftocks : the frenchman refuted and drew his fword with that com- pany came in and difarmed him, and carried him by force to the ftocks, but foon after the conftable took him out and carried him to prifon, and prefently after took him forth again and delivered him to La Tour. Much tu- mult there was about this : many frenchmen were in town, and other ftrangers which were not fatisfied with this dealing of the conftable, yet were quiet. In the morning the magiftrates examined the caufe and fent for La Tour who was milch grieved for his fervants mifcar- riage, and alfo for the difgrace put upon him (for in. France it is a moft ignominious thing to be laid in the ftocks) but yet he complained notof any injury, but left him wholly to the magiftrates to do with him what they pleafed. The magiftrates told him they were forry to have any fuch occafion againft any of his fervants, but they muft do juftice, and therefore they muft commit him to prifon except he could find fureties to be forth coming, tq JOURNAL. 351 t0 anfwer <&c. and to keep the peace. La Tour's gentle- men offered to engage themfelves for him. They aniwer- cd they might not take fecurity of ftrangers in this cafe, otherwife they would have defired no more than La Tour's own word. Upon this two englifhmen, mem- bers of the church of Bofton, ftanding by, offered to be his fureties, whereupon he was bailed 'till he fliould be called for, becaufe La Tour was not like to ftay 'till the court. This was thought too much favor for i'uch an offence by many of the common people, but by our law' bail could not be denied him, and befide the conftable was the oecafion of all this in tranfgreffing the bounds of his office, and that in fix things, i. in fetching a man out of his lodging that was afleeep upon his bed and with- out any warrant from authority, a. In not getting a hook upon the ftocks, nor fctting fome to guard them. 3. In laying hands upon the Frenchman that had open- ed the ftocks when he was gone and quiet, and no dif- turbanceof the peace then appearing. 4. In carrying him to prilon without warrant. 5. In delivering him out of prifon without warant. 6. In putting fuch a re- proach upon a ftranger and a gentleman, when there was no need, for he knew he would be forthcoming, and the magiftrate would be at home that evening : but fuch are the fruits of ignorant and mifguided zeal. It might have coft much blood and no good done by it, and juftice might have had a more fair and fafe way, if the confta- ble had kept within his own bounds, and had not inter- fered upon the authority of the magiftrate. But the mag- iftrates thought not convenient to lay thefe things to the Conftables charge before the affembly, but rather to ad- monifh him for it in private left they fhould have difcou- raged and difcountcnanced an honcft officer, and given occanon to the offenders and their abettors to infult over him. The conftable may re drain, and if* need be, impri- fon in the flocks, fuch as he fees difturbing the peace, but when the affray is ended and the parties departed and in quiet, it is the office of the magiftrate to make inquiry and to punifh it, and the perfons fo wrongfully impri- fonedby the conftable might have had their *&ion of falfe imprifonment againft him. About 9 in the evening there fell a great flame of fire (6) s6 down into the water towards Pullen point ; it lighted the air far about : it was no lightning, for the fky was very dear, AC 35* GOVERNOR W I NTH R OP's 1644. At Stamford an indian came into a poor man's houfe, v ' none being at home but the wife, and a child in the cra- dle, and takng up a lathing hammer as if he would have bought it,th peif 100 if ihe fhouid be lawfully recovered within 13 months, but the company to have their wages and goods. While the Governor and other of the magiftrates were at Bofton, a boat fent from Mr. D'Aulnay with ten men arrived at Salem, hearing that the Governor dwelt there f There was in her one Marie, fuppofed to be a fryar, but habited like a gentleman. He wrote a letter to our Gov- ernor by a gentleman of his company to know where he fhouid attend him : and upon our Governor's anfwer tcx him, he came the next day to Bofton, and with letters of credence and commifiion from Mr. D'Aulnay ; he {hew- ed us the king of France his commiflion under the g'-eat feal of France, with the privy feal annexed, wherein the proceedings againft La Tour were verified, and he con- demned as a rebel and traitor &c. with command for the apprehenfion of himfelf and lady, who had fled out of France againft fpecial order, under &c. He complained alfo of the wrong done by our men the year in aflifting of La Tour &c. and profered terms of peace and amity. We anfwered to the i. That divers of the {hips and moft of the men were ftrangers to us, and had no commiflion from us, nor any permiflion to ufe any hoftility, and we were very forry when we heard what had been done : this gave him fatis faction. To the other propoGtion we anfwered, that we could not conclude any league with him, without the advice of the commiflionei s of the unit- ed colonies ; but if he would fet down his propositions in writing, we would confider further of them : and with- al > GOVERNOR WINTHkOP's 644. al we acqainted him with what we had lately written to Mr. D'Aulnay, and the injuries we had complained of to him, fo he withdrew himltlf to his lodging at Mr. Fow- ler's, and drew out both his proportions and anfwers to our complaints, in French, and returned to us. He add- ed two propfitions more, one that we would aid him a- gainft La Tour, and the other that we would not a (lift him, and gave reafonable anfwer to our dt marids. Upon thefe things we difcourfed half the day, ft metimes with our Governor in french and otherwriile with the reft of the magiftrates in latin. We urged much for a recon- ciliation with La Tour, and that he would permit his lady to go to her hufband. His anfwer was, thai if 1 a Tour would voluntary fubmit and come in, he would affure him his life and liberty, but if he were taken he were fure to lofe his head iri France ; and for his lady, fhe was known to be the caufe of his contempt and rebellion, and therefore they could not let her go to him, but if we (hould fend her in any of our veffels he muft take her, and if we carried any goods to La Tour he would take them alfo, but he would give us fatisfc.Uon for them. In the end we came to this agreement, which was drawn up in latin in thefe words, v md figned by the Governor and fix other magiftrates arid Mr. Marie, whereof one copy we kept and the other he carried with him. He came to Bofton the 6 day very late, and made great hafte away, fo he departed on the 3 day following. We fufnifhed him with horfes andfent him to Salem well accompanied, and offered him a bark to carry him home, but he refufed it. We entertained him with all courteous refpeft, and he feemed to be furprized with his unexpected entertain- rnent,and gave a very liberal teftimony of his kind accept- ance Jhereof and affurance of Mr. D'Aulnay's engage- ment to us for it. The agreement between us was this. The agreement between Jo: Endicot, Efq. Governor of the Maflachufetts in N. England and the reft of the magiftrates there, and Mr. Marie commiflioner of Mr. D'Aulnay knight, Governor and Lieut. General of his rnajefty the king of France in Acadie a province of N. F. made and ratified at Bofton in the Maffachufetts aforefaid, 8. die menfis 8. An. Dom. 1644. The Governor and the reft of the magiftrates do pro- mife to Mr. Marie that they and all the englifh within the jurifdiftion of the Maflachufetts aforefaid, fhall ob- lerve and keep firm peace with Mr, D'Aulnay &c. and JOURNAL, til the french under his command in Acadie : and like- wife the faid Mr. Marie doth promife for Mr. D'Aulnay, that he and all his peogle fhall alfo keep firm peace with the Governor and magiftrates aforefaid, and with all tho inhabitants of the jurifdi&ion of the Maflachufetts afore- faid ; and that it fhall be lawful for all men, both french and englifh to trade each with other : fo that if any oc- cafion of offence fhall happen, neither party fhall attempt any thing againft the other in any hoftile manner before the wrong be firft complained of, and due fatisfaciion not given. Provided always, the Governor and magiftrates aforefaid be not bound to reftrain their merchants to trade with their fhips with any perfons, either french or other, wherefoever they dwell : provided alfo, that the full ratification and conclufion of this agreement be re- ferred to the next meeting of the commiffioners of the united colonies of N. England, for the continuation or abrogation of the fame ; and in the mean time to remain firm and inviolate. By this agreement we Were freed from the fear our people were in that Mr. D'Aulnay Would take revenge of our fmall veflelsorout plantations; for the harm he fuftained by our means the laft year ; and alfo from any further queftion about that bufinefs. We were now alfo freed from as great a fear of war with the Naraganfetts ; for the commiffioners meeting at Hart- ford, fent for Onkus and fome from Naraganfett (a fa- chem and a chief captain were fent) : and whereas the Naraganfett's plea againft Onkus was, that he had put their fachem to death after he had received a ranfom for his life: it was clearly proved otherwife, and that the things he received were part of them given him for his courteous ufage of the faid Miantonamoh and thofe fa- chems which were flain in the battle, and another part, that Miantonamoh might be delivered to the englifh. In the end it was agreed by all parties that there fhould be peace on all fides till planting time were over the next year ; and then neither of them fheuld attempt any hof- tile aft againft the other without firft acquainting the englifh &c. therewith. The lady La Tour being arrived her, cemmenced her aUon againft Capt. Baylye and the merchant (brother and faftor to Alderman Berkley who freighted the fhip) for not performing the charter party, having fpent fo much time upon the coaft in trading, as they were near fix months in coming and had not carried her to her for*: Z Z -' 33 2 GOVERNOR \VINTH-R OP's 644. as they ought and might have done: and upon a full hearing in a fpecial court four days, the jury gave her ^2,000, for had they come in any i eaionable time it might have been much more to their advantage in their trade and fafety againft D'Aulnay : whereas now it was like to occation their utter ruin : for fhe knew not how to get home without hiring two or three (hips of force. La Tour, and a veflel of ours in his company laden with provifion, went hence with a fair wind, which if he had made ufe of, he had met with D'Aulnay, and af- ter he had touched at divers places by the way, and ftaid there fome time, he pafled by Penobfcott foon after D'- Aulnay was gone into the harbour, and foefcaped, where- as if he had paffed any time many days before, he muft needs have been taken. This veflel of ours in her return was met by D'Aulnay, who flayed her, and taking the mafter aboard his fhip, manned the other with french- men, and telling the mafter his intention, and affuring him of all: good ufage and recompence for the flay of his veflel (all which he really performed) he brought her with him to the mouth of St. John's river ; and then her boat with one gentleman of his own to La Tour to fhew his commiflion, and withal defired the mailer to write to La Tour to defire him to difmifs the meffenger fafely, for otherwife D'Aulnay would keep him for hoflage (yet he aflured him he would not do it) fo La Tour diimiffed the meifenger in peace, which he profefied he would not have done but for our mafler's fake. D'Aulnay carried our catch with him to Port Royal, where he ufed the maf- ter very courteoufly and gave him credit for fifh &c. he bought of him, and recompence for keeping his veflel and fo difmifled him. Prefently after their return we fent an- other veflel to trade with D'Aulnay, and by it the Dep. Governor wrote to D'Aulnay to fhew the caufe of fend- ing her, with profeflion of our defire of holding good cor- lefpondency with him &c. and withal perfuading him by divers arguments to entertain peace with La Tour. That veflel found courteous entertainment with him, and he took off all her commodities, but not at fo good rates as they expe6led. The lady La Tour having arrefled the captain and mer- chant of the fhip, they were forced to deliver their cargoe on fhore to free their perfons, by which means fhe laid her execution upon them to the value of^noo More could not *[&'<$ J O U R N A L. 363 not be had without unfurnifhing the Chip, which muft 1644. have been by force, for otherwife the mafter and feamen L v~J would deliver none. The mafter petitioned the general court for his freight and wages, for which the goods ftood bound by charter party. The general court was much divided about it, but the major part voted that none was due her, nor the goods bound for them, but the major part of the deputies being of another judgment, they made ufe of their negative vote, and fo nothing was ordered. Whereupon the mafter brought his aftion at the next court of afliftants : when it came to be tried, two of the afliftants were of opinjon that it ought not to be put to trial becaufe the general court had the hearing and voting of it : but it was anfwered by the reft (the Governor be- ing abfent) that feeing the general court had made no or- der in it, this court might hear and determine it, as if the general court had never taken cognizance pf ft ; acc,pr- dingly it was put to the jury upon this iffue Whether the goods were fecurity for the freight &c. and the jury found for the defendant, and yet in the charter party the merchants bound themfelves, their executors &c. and goods, as the owners had bound their {hip &c. to the merchants. This bufinefs caufed much trouble and charge- to the country,and made fome difference between the mer- chants of Charleftown (who took part with the merchants and mafter of the fhip) and the merchants of Bofton,who a {lifted the lady (fome of them being deeply engaged for La Tour) fo as offers were made on both fides for an end between them. Thofe of Charleftown offered fecurity for the goods, if upon a review within 13 months the judgment were not reverfed, or the parliament in Eng- lartd did not call the caufe before themfelves. This laft claufe was very ill taken by the court as making way for appeals &c. into England, which was not referved in our charter. The other offered them all the goods fave ^159 to defray the lady's expences in town, and fecurity for that, if the judgment was reverfed, fo as the other would not give fecurity to anfwer the whole z ooo if the judg- ment were not reverfed &c. The parties not agreeing, the lady took the goods and hired three fhips which lay (10) 8. in the harbour, belonging to ftrangcrs, which coft her near ~8oo 3 and fet fail for her fort : and the merchants a- gainft whom fhchad execution for their bodies for fatisfac- tion of the reft of the judgment gat into their fhip and fell down beyond the Ciillle,(wherethey were out of command) and GOVERNOR WINTHROP's 1644. and took aboard fomo thirty paffengers, and fo in compa- ny of one of our own fhips which carried about 7opaffen| $ers,they fet fail for London. a6 When our fhip &c. arrived at London, Berklye arrefted the goods of two of the pafTengers, CORRECTIONS. Page 35, line 6, for Ludlow, read Dudley. Page 69, line 8th from bot. for Calcourt, read Calvtrt Page 76, line 2t, forfurni/k, read puni/h. Page 84, line 16, forfurnijh, read punijk. Page, SAILING and voyage, of the Maflachufetti company Arrival at Salem, 119. A churrh organized, . . . 20. Drinking healths difcouraged, - - - *O. Confutation about the place of fettlement, - - A court held at Bofton, - - . 4f p en wall disfranchifed and banifhed, - M3^ 3ifmi 1 he fettlers at Dover place themfclves Under the jurifdiftion of MaiTachufeUs, butfoonrepent, Contention between the Governor and Treafurer, i9 x taws published, Cufioin of drinking healths abolished, - J 9 5* Proceedings to leffen the troubles of lectures, J 9> Mr. Kanferd iCnolles denied" refidcnce in Maflachufetts, 197. Capt. Underbill's Confeffion, Deputation to Newport on religious points, - 2t>o.* Mr. Chauncey the Baptift, Mr. Dudley chofen Governor, - a 3' Linne people attempt a fettlement at Long-Ifland, 204, Mr. Collins and Mr. Hale arrive, Mr. 'I homa Gorge arrives with eommiflion, ao6. The Mary R rfe blown up in Charlefton River, 207. Capt. Underhill's humiliation, 209-. Mr. Rogers moves the court to enlarge the limits of Rowley, 21 :. Mr. Vv'inthrop's common prayer book eaten by mice, - 214. Errors of N'T. Hurre of Dorchefter, - . - 216, New church built at Bofton, - - 217. Propofal to fend a deputation to England, : 218.- Troubles at Pifcataqua, occafioned by Mr. Larkham, 22,0. Mr. Bellingham elected Governor, - 223. A deputation to England, - - 223. Troubles with the Dutch at Hartford, 224. Diforders at Newport, - * 229. M aflachufetts patent confirmed, - 232. Settlers at Pifcataqua come under Maflf. jurifdiction, ^S'. Singular marriage of Gov. Bellingham, - 233. Contentions in Gen. Court, - 235. Body .of Liberties , eftabiifhed, 237. Mr. Hathorn's propofal againft lying, &c, 238. Mr. Afpenwall's fubmiflion, - 242. Mr. \Vinthrop chofen Governor, Darby Field afcends the White Hill, - - 247. Propofal for a r ynod in England, 2. 54, Three Clergymen chofen to preach to the people in Virginia, 256, Alarm from Connecticut, , - 256, Miantonomoh viiits Maflachufetts, 259. Difertions of the colony, -^> -63. Frft Commencement at Combridge, 264. Account of the White hills, 265. Propofitions refpecling government, \Varbetween the Dutch and Indians, Ordinance of the Commons in favor of the colony, Meeting of Commiflioners and articles of Confederation, La Tour arrives at Bofton, Complaints of bacononoco and Pumham> with their curious infwcrs 'o the t?rm> propofed to them by the colony, Continuation of. account refp^ing La Tour, . CONTENTS. . Page. Kiws of Indian war in Conne&icut between OnkusandSejuaflbn, * 303. Letters from the Dutch refpefling injuiici at Hartford, 303. Miantonomoh taken by the Mohegans, - 305. Shin, - - 36. Skirmifti with D'Aulnay, - - 307. Affembly of Elders at Cambridge, 308. Affairs at I'atuxet, - - 309. Letters to the Swedifh Governor refpe&ing the New-Haven fettlcrs on Delaware, 310. Proceedings refpecling Gorton aad company, . 3 1 *. Governors of Cambridge College appointed, . 31$. Mr. Kigby's purcb^c and commiffion toMr. Ciearej, 323. Order to fortify Cattle Ifland, - 325. Anfwer of the Swedes and Dutch to the Commiffioneff, 35. Two perfons condemned and executed for adulteay, 326. General Court divided into two houfes, - 328. Attempt to difcover the great Lake, - - 328. jMr. Wheelwright's letter to the Governor, - 329. Mafiacre in Virginia, - - 332. Letter from Pefecus and Canonicui, I 332. t'refident of College whips two fcholars, - 333. Iflex plans a removal of the government, - 333. Contention about the powers of the Governor and Affiftuntt, t 335. , La Tour arrives at Bofton, .A - 339, Factions at Hampton, - 34. Death of Waverton at Penobfcof, . - 341. Letter from the Magiftrates to D^\ulnay, - 343. Affair of Capt. Stagg, . . 343. State of Franklin's cafe, . . . '" . 34-6, Imprifonment of a drunken feaman without warrant, . 350. Thomas Morton's cafe. t '-+ . 35* Letter from Morton to Mr. JcfFery, -4 ' 353- Letter from divers Lords, . , , 156. Taking of the Dartmouth Ship, * . , 357. Eaibafly from D* Aulnay, ' * ' * "; 359- Agreement with D'Aulnay, . 360. La Tour's lady arrives and brings a fult againft Capt. Baylye, i , 361. ARY THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY