UCrNRLF *B 567 TS5 f LIBRARY 1 ], UNtVERSITY m J H i^^^^^^g^t P^^ iil^«''^ S^^^ft'^ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/coriolanusOOshakrich CORIOLANUS V/iJfi^^ iff^^ke peart EDITED BY R. WHITELAW LATE FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, AND ASSISTANT MASTER IN RUGBY SCHOOL NEW EDITION RIVINGTONS Hontion, D;:fortJ, anti Cambritige 1873 73/ cr INTRODUCTION THE argument of the Play is as follows. There is a famine in Rome ; the poor are starving. Patrician selfishness — with its justice for the rich, its legis- lation for the privileged — above all, its cruel " edicts for usury, to support usurers '' — has done its worst. The men of the commons, who till now have patiently fought the battles of the republic, can live no longer on these terms. They make known their wants in a voice which " gener- osity^' dares not disobey. They must have bread — the contents of the well-stocked storehouses of the city must be distributed, gratis, or at a price which all can pay : and, for the future, they must have Protectors — five Tribunes, of their own number and of their own choice. Both demands are granted : and the storm of indignation, averted, growls itself away. But we already foresee that it will return, to pour out its concentrated violence on the head of one man. One man, of all the Patricians, dares to " repine " at the dis- tribution of the corn : " rogues,'^ " curs,'' " hares," " geese," and '^ fragments " he calls the angry people to their faces, and swears that "ere the rabble should have so prevailed" with him, to grant them Tribunes of their own for their protection, they " should have first unroofed the city." For Caius Marcius, proud son of a proud mother, has an ungovernable tongue, and has been accustomed all his life to despise Plebeians. Scarcely, however, are the people satisfied, when to 780 vi INTRODUCTION Marcius, still in full torrent of abuse, is brought the news that a Volscian army is in the field, and that he, under COMINIUS, is to lead the Roman levies. With the Sena- tors who bring the news come two of the new Tribunes, Brutus and Sicinius, who have already marked out Marcius as their enemy, and talk of him (behind his back) as spitefully as he contemptuously of them. The Volscian army, commanded by AUFIDIUS, of old the especial enemy and rival of the Roman Marcius, is encamped near to Corioli. The Romans advance in two divisions to meet the army and to assault the town. The two battles are simultaneous. Corioli is taken ; and the Roman triumph is due to the prowess of Marcius, who sustains the battle at the critical minute, within the gates of the town, single-handed against a multitude. Thence, " masked in blood,'' he hastens to the help of COMINIUS. The Romans have fought " at disadvantage " and retired : but Marcius leads them to victory. He vanquishes AUFIDIUS in single combat, and the best of the Volscian troops give way before him. Returning in triumph to the camp, he receives, with applause of all the army, the surname of CORIOLANUS. But AUFIDIUS swears to be revenged- upon him, by fair means or by foul. (Act I.) He comes to Rome : and his pride and scorn of the commons seems to be forgotten. A thunder of applause attends his progress through the crowded streets. Only the Tribunes stand apart, and calculate that this is the pride after which the fall will come. COMINIUS recounts his exploits to the assembled Senators. It is proposed to make him Consul : and the Tribunes are enjoined by a unanimous vote of the Senate to procure his election by the people. At first CORIOLANUS declines to submit to the humihating formalities of candidature — the " custom of request," to stand in the Forum dressed in the " gown of humility," asking for ** voices " for his wounds' sake. But he goes : and, having with humorous audacity at once INTRODUCTION vii insulted the voters and secured the votes, is " admitted " to be Consul. The votes, however, are no sooner given than the voters, prompted by their Tribunes, reflect that they have been " mocked " and ^' flouted." An inarticu- late puzzled murmur of discontent begins and spreads. The Tribunes give it voice. It is not yet too late : let them repair to the Capitol, and there "revoke their sudden approbation.'' (Act II.) Presently CORIOLANUS, going to be installed as Consul in the Forum, is met by the Tribunes, and warned that the people are incensed. He angrily justifies himself: and then with weighty arguments, enforced by rhetoric as vehement as it is ill-timed, assails the institution of the Tribunate, and calls upon the Senators to abolish it. This is all that the Tribunes could desire : " he has spoken like a traitor," they exclaim, " and shall answer as traitors do." An attempt is made to arrest him : but, in the general uproar which follows, the Tribunes and their sup- porters are discomfited, and Coriolanus withdraws. " To the Tarpeian rock with him " is now the cry : but here Menenius, pleasantest of Senators, and staunchest friend of Coriolanus, interposes with the shrewd good sense that never fails, and persuades the angry Tribunes to be satisfied with his promise, that he will bring Corio- lanus to stand his trial before the people. To persuade Coriolanus is a harder task. Nor is it indeed Menen- ius, but the proud mother, VOLUMNIA herself, who, dis- owning her son's pride whilst she applauds his valour, at last prevails on him to go. " Mildly : the word is mildly" — so schooling himself, he goes. Arrived in the Forum, where the people are assembled according to their tribes to try him, one of the Tribunes charges him with treason. At once he forgets his prudence and his promise, and in a furious outbreak of passion consigns his enemies to the nethermost hellfires. He is banished. " Curs," as he turns to go, he thunders out, " /banish j^^^." (Act III.) He says not a word of revenge. To his wife and mother viii INTRODUCTION and friends, at parting, he gives no hint of such a purpose, or of any purpose. Only he promises them that they shall hear from him, and hear of him nothing that is un- like him. But whilst his mother at Rome is cursing the Tribunes to their faces, and whilst at Antium the Volscian army lies in readiness, waiting only the signal to be on foot for Rome, Coriolanus is making his way in silence from Rome to Antium. Arrived, he goes straight to the house of AUFiDius, and offers himself and his revenge to the Volscian service, to fight against his countrymen with " the spleen of all the under-fiends.'' Aufidius welcomes him with enthusiasm : and at once entrusts him with the command of half the Volscian army. The Volscian army enters the Roman territory, destroying as it goes. All at Rome is consternation : the Tribunes are uneasy : and the " clusters '' recollect that, ^^ when they said Banish him, they said ^Twas pity." The Volscians meanwhile begin to resent the arrogance of their new general. AUFI- DIUS already is sorry for his rash fit of generosity, and consoles himself with calculating that, as before at Rome so now again at Antium, the triumph of CoRlOLANUS will be the opportunity of his enemies. (Act IV.) The Vol- scian army sits down before the gates of Rome. In all the panic-stricken city no man speaks of resistance : that the prayers of his friends may move CORIOLANUS to have mercy is the one hope*that remains. But his friends, first COMINIUS, then Menenius, intercede in vain. Then his mother and his wife, and Valeria the noble sister of PUBLICOLA, take with them his child and go to him. Here, and here only, through his love for child and wife and mother, the compassion of Coriolanus can be reach- ed. The eloquence of Volumnia prevails. He consents to make peace : forewarning his mother that, though happily for Rome, most dangerously, perhaps fatally, for him, she has prevailed with him in this. So he returns to Antium. There, in a public place, in presence of the lords of the city, Aufidius charges him with treason. INTRODUCTION ix He answers fiercely, and in the confusion that ensues is murdered, according to a preconcerted plan, by AUFIDIUS and a party of his friends. (Act V.) Shakspere's authority for this, as well as for the other Roman Flays, Julius Ccesar and Ajttony and Cleopatra^ was Sir Thomas North's translation (pub. 1579) of the French translation of Plutarch by Amyot (pub. 1559). This was probably the latest of the three. Its date is not known ; but the conjectural date (1610) assigned to it by M alone has been generally accepted as a near approxima- tion to the truth. In style and versification Antoiiy and Cleopatra • and Troilus and Cressida (the former entered in the books of thfi Stationers' Company in 1608, the latter printed in 1609) are the Plays which most nearly resemble Coriolanus, Tiinon of Athens seems to have been written also in 1610 ; and The Tempest and The Winter* s Tale in 161 1. Julius Coesar is referred by Professor Gervinus to the same period with Othello and Hamlet, 1600-2. Shakspere follows his original for the most part closely : the speeches, for example, of Coriolanus (Act IV. Sc. 5), and of VOLUMNIA (Act V. Sc. 3), are taken almost verbatim from North. But, for the sake of dramatic effect and unity, he has somewhat condensed the story. The passage of events from the institution of Tribunes to the death of CORIOLANUS, occupies in the legend six years. In the Play it is continuous, with no longer inter- val than is required for the march from Rome to Antium, or from Antium to Rome. In the mutiny with which the Play begins, the Plebeians urge two demands, for Tribunes and for corn. In other words, the secession to the Sacred Mount provoked by the cruel law of debt is combined with the later outbreak, when Coriolanus would have dissuaded the Senate from distributing the contents of the Sicilian corn-ships. The antagonism between the Tribunes and Coriolanus is by this means set before us X INTRODUCTION all the more pointedly in the opening scene. In Plutarch, again, it is for his speech about the corn that CORIOLANUS is impeached, and the impeachment follows close upon the speech ; but in Shakspere, though this is mainly the cause of his rejection for the Consulship, he is afterwards accused before the people of later offences, of having spoken against the Tribunate, and of resisting the Tribunes' officers, the -^diles. The Play contains some of Shakspere's most startling anachronisms of detail, such as the allusions to Cato and to Galen, to divines and to churchyards. Nor must it be sup- posed that even in its general outline we have an altogether correct picture of place and time. These Romans who run away in battle are not the sturdy Roman yeomen of the early republic. They are too like the city rabble of a later time. Correspondingly the Tribunes show too nmch of the demagogue, their later rdle^ too little of their original character, Protectors of the Poor. But, whatever the accuracy of the historical form, it is certain that Shak- spere, by the reality and life with which he has reanimated this story of the beginning of the conflicts between the orders, has given us a glimpse of more than dramatic value, perhaps the most vivid glimpse we get, of their depth of " moral and political disgrace." We must not fall into the mistake, against which Professor Gervinus warns us, of supposing that the political substratum is the subject of the Play. But the character of CORIOLANUS and the character of the times explain each other : and the drama which illustrates one by the other makes both intelligible. " It is a powerful rather than a pleasant impression,^' as Gervinus says, " which we carry away from the considera- tion of this play, and of the character which fills it." There is little or no beauty to attract us in the subject or the style. In the comic passages we are thoroughly at home from the first. Good-natured Menenius making his fun of the " mutinous Citizens, with staves, clubs, and INTRODUCTION xi other weapons" — Coriolanus in the " gown of humiUty," choking between mirth and spleen, whilst honest voters by twos and threes sniff round him and promise him their votes — the belated but discriminative sagacity evinced by the conversation of the Volscian serving-men — all these produce their effect at once. But the style of the tragic scenes is always severe ; singularly, for Shakspere, terse and unadorned; with very occasional pathos, and, by com- parison, very few felicities. It is also often very difficult to understand, provocative of commentators, and hardly to be disentangled from their serviceable meshes. More- over, the character of CORIOLANUS is not easily mastered, and seems at first harsh and repellent. His violent out- breaks of passion and intemperate speech are undignified and unlovely. His incapacity of sympathy with any but his peers is as a curse of sterility upon his nature. And what can be said of his pride and his ambition but that they are intolerable ? But let us remember that on his worst side he represents to us the realized Patrician ideal, the ideal of his peers. He is the perfection of the Roman virtus of that un- civilized time : exaggerated, only because the ideal is so narrow and the nature of the man so intense. The ideal demands indeed a noble integrity of soul : it demands also that, for the sake of his class, a man shall make it his one aim to do bravely, raising himself thereby and his class with him to an eminence of glory where he and they may be at least unassailable by, if possible unaware of, the accursed ones outside the pale. And if (surprising possibility) hunger and misery arm themselves to assail, and indeed assail, the sacred height — nay, are found in act of scrambling upon the Capitoline plat- form itself— what then '^. There are no precedents. Yes there is one. Eagerly it is tried, but without avail. Sonorous hissing henceforth wakes Manlius in vain. The ideal is helpless. Manlius is hurled down his own Tarpeian. xii INTRODUCTION This is the tragedy. Coriolanus is first starved and impoverished by an ideal from which he has no escape, an ideal which as in duty bound he satisfies, and more than satisfies: and then he is annihilated by it. And the cruellest of the tragedy is this, that he possesses in him- self in high perfection that very capacity — namely, of sympathy — which the ideal proscribes, the obedient renunciation of which is his ruin. Consider his beautiful love and reverence for "the most noble mother of the world " — VOLUMNIA, the splendid Patrician woman with- out sympathy, who " framed " him. Three times in the Play she, for a purpose, untightens the strain of his nature ; and he, for his love for her, submits. Or his still more beautiful and tender love for his wife ViRGiLlA, Patrician indeed, but so unlike the .type — " best of his flesh,'' his "gracious silence," whose kiss is sweeter to him than revenge. Or, again, his friendship for Menen- lUS, the old man who worships him, whose heart is cracked by his enforced unkindness. How alien all this is from the mere Patrician mould of selfish isolation into which his nature is, for the rest, compressed. But it may be urged that, had his nature been truly generous, he would have practically recoiled from such excesses of insolence and of revenge — however logically forced upon him by the triple combination of aggressive Plebeians, narrow Patrician ideal, and boiling pent-up energy of soul. Can we not, on the contrary, almost put ourselves at his stand- point and sympathize with him ? Are not the Tribunes ignoble, malevolent, treacherous, mean ? And are not the people cowardly, foolish, fickle, without an ideal, led through the nose by demagogues ? He seems not to have believed in the starvation and misery of the commons when they clamoured for corn : and it is certain that the idea of patriotism, in the largest sense, was impossible to him. The Patricians were, to him, his countrymen ; and the Plebeians, since the institution of the Tribunate, his countrymen's worst enemies. This misconception was at INTRODUCTION xiii the root of the mischief : but his sifi^ his treason, was not that he was ready to fight against his country, but that he was ready to involve his friends in one common destruction with his foes-/^^ Compare Coriolani^ lastly, with Aufidius. The hearts of both men are ae't upon glory. Both men are cruelly revengeful. AgFiDius too is noble sometimes, but only sometimes. [ H^ can be enviou.^ j^and this, (in spite of his accusation of himself, " I sin in envying his nobility," and the slander of the Tribunes, that he sub- mits to be commanded by COMINIUS only that he may have the honours for himself and let the faults be charged to his superior), CORIOLANUS cannot be. And, what is most unlike the true Coriolanus, the Volscian can con- ceal a purpose, calculate an opportunity, spring treacher- ously upon an unsuspecting foe. He has, nevertheless, bursts of nobleness. His welcome of Coriolanus (the most eloquent passage in the Play) is the expression of a real, though transient, enthusiasm. What is the dramatic fitness, dramatic teaching, of the death of Coriolanus by the hand of Aufidius? Is it not that Coriolanus is in this most false to himself— that, to effect his revenge, he allies himself with, so de- bases himself to the level of, a meaner nature ? How un- like him, how like AUFIDIUS, the silence as to his purpose of revenge in which he parts from his friends when he leaves Rome ; the silence of his journey to Antium ; and, most of all, the cynical cold speech which breaks the sil- ence as he passes through the streets of Antium to the house of Aufidius. In all this he is dishonest, unnatural ; revenge has warped the straightness of his soul. Had he been true to his nature, he would have been still the foe of Aufidius, and, as a foe, he leads a life charmed against all possible assaults. It is as if his magnificent honesty had been the panoply of the man, and that here he dis- covers for the first time a vulnerable point. It seems that his nobleness, exaggerated by all the circumstances of his xiv INTRODUCTION life — the milk he has sucked, the very air he has breathed — gives away at last and cracks under the over-strain of the conflict with the Tribunes : and though, when the strain has abated, the man becomes natural again, him- self again, the fatal crack remains, and admits the knife of the assassin. We have seen how stormy excesses of passion, through the shock and breach of the sacred ties of country and of blood, avenge themselves — in Coriolanus, as in Lear and in Macbeth. We do not know what it was that, in this latest period of his works, so constantly attracted Shak- spere to the theme of iuipiety^ of unnatural hate and in- gratitude and treason. Events may to some extent have shaped his thoughts. It has been suggested that Julius Ccesar was written not without reference to the rebellion of the Earl of Essex. And we may suppose that in Coriol- anus Shakspere intended a twofold warning, to the pride of James and to the gathering resistance of the Commons. The first of the Stuart kings had lost no time in propound- ing his theory of kingship. From the first meeting of his first parhament to its dissolution in this year 1610, there were continual bickerings between King and Commons. " His command upon our allegiance," they said, " is like the roaring of a lion." The straining of the prerogative and the doctrine of the duty of passive obedience were met by statements of grievances, by the assertion of the privileges of parliament, and in February of this year by a Remonstrance against illegal impositions. But the lesson of Coriolanus (standing as it does among the plays of this period) is less political than moral. Between the haughtiness of the aristocrat and the clamour of the demagogue there is little to choose : both are ex- cess. Man is violent, but the Erinys of violence is sure : in moderation, not excess, is strength. We do not find ideals, political or moral, upon the stage of Shakspere. All that moves there is real. But it is there as in the life which is there portrayed : those who INTRODUCTION xv have eyes to see can discern, through the distempered atmosphere of the actual, the presence of an all-control- ling law. Violence may drown the voice of reason and of conscience ; but reason and conscience assert themselves at last. Disorder yields to order : and the anarchic im- pulses of men obey the calm supremacy of right. For Shakspere, like Sophocles, is a harmonist of dis- cords : himself harmonious, whole, he sees the whole, and not the part, and sees that all is good. Rugby, November 1872. SiCINIUS Velutus, Junius Brutus, DRAMATIS PERSONiE Caius MARCius,afterwards Caius Marcius Coriolanus. Titus Lartius, ) . , • . .-r tt i • f generals against the Volscians. COMINIUS, ) Menenius Agrippa, friend to Coriolanus. I tribunes of the people. Young Marcius, son to Coriolanus. A Roman Herald. TuLLUS AuFiDius, general of the Volscians. Lieutenant to Aufidius. Conspirators with Aufidius. A Citizen of Antium. Two Volscian Guards. VOLUMNIA, mother to Coriolanus. Virgilia, wife to Coriolanus. Valeria, friend, to Virgilia. Gentlewoman, attending on Virgili^ Roman and Volscian Senators, Patricians, -^diles, Lictors, Soldiers, Citizens, Messengers, Servants to Aufidius, and other Attendants. Scene : Ro77ie and the neighboicrhood j Corioli and the neighbourhood J Antiuni, *^* For convenience of reference, the numbering of the lines is that of the Globe edition. Some additional notes on the words marked with an asterisk (*) will be found in the Glossary at the end of the volume. CORIOLANUS ACT I. SCENE I.— Rome. A street. Enter a company of mutinous Citizens, with staves, clubs, and other weapons. First Cit. Before we proceed any further, hear me speak. All. Speak, speak. First Cit. You are all resolved rather to die than to famish. All. Resolved, resolved. First Cit. First, you know Caius Marcius is chief enemy to the people. All. We know 't, we know 't. First Cit. Let us kill him, and we '11 have corn at our own price. Is't a verdict.^* ii All. No more talking on't; let it be done: away, away ! Sec. Cit. One word, good citizens. First Cit. We are accounted ^|»oor citizens, the patri- cians good. What authority surfeits on would relieve us ; Act I.^Scene I. Rome in tumult. The starving commons clamorous for corn at their own price. Here, the rioters are kept amused and quiet by Menenius, till Marcius brings the news that elsewhere their companions are appeased. The patricians have granted their demands : they are to have tribunes to defend them ; and (as appears afterwards) corn is to be given them gratis. Shakspere's rearrangement of his historical materials has been noticed in the Introduction. II IsH a verdict ? Are we agreed ? 1 6 Good. In the monied sense — safe, substantial, sound of credit. So Shylock (Merchant of Venice, i. 3, 15), " My mean- ing in saying Antonio is a good man is to have you imderstand that he is sufficient. " Authority. Our rulers. 2 CORIOLANUS [Act I if they would yield us but the superfluity, while it were wholesome, we might guess they relieved us humanely ; but they think we are too dear : the leanness that afflicts us, the object of our "lisery, j^as^an^nvenj^y to particu- larize their abundance ; our smftrance^Wagain to them. Let us revenge this with our pikes, ere we become rakes i for the gods know I speak this in hunger for bread, not in thirst for revenge. Sec. Cit. Would you proceed especially against Caius Marcius ? All. Against him first : he 's a very dog to the com- monalty. 29 Sec. Cit. Consider you what services he has done for his country ? First Cit. Very well ; and could be content to give him good report for 't, but that he pays himself with being proud. Sec. Cit. Nay, but speak not maliciously. First Cit. I say unto you, what he hath done famously, he did it to that end : though soft-conscienced men can be content to say it was for his country, he did it to please his mother, and to be partly proud : which he is, even to the altitude of his virtue. 41 Sec. Cit. What he cannot help in his nature, you account a vice in him. You must in no way say he is covetous. First Cit. If I must not, I need not be barren of accusations ; he hath faults, with surplus, to tire in repeti- tion. [Shouts within.'] What shouts are these ? The other side o' the city is risen : why stay we prating here } to the Capitol ! All. Come, come. 50 First Cit. Soft ! who comes here ? 17 If they would yield us, ^c. Small proof of humanity, that the poor man should be allowed to eat of the crumbs which fall from the rich man's table ; yet at least this might have been sup- posed humane. But no, this they account too lavish : what Lazarus has not, be it but a crumb, that Dives has : the *' misery" of the one is the *' abundance " of the other, the ** sufferance " of the one the other's ** gain." 24 Erewe becomerakes. Cp. Spenser, Faery Queen, ii. 11, 22 — *' His body lean and meagre as a rake." 41 To be partly pj'oud. Partly for his mother's sake, partly the sake of his own pride. See Abbott, Sh. G., 420 ; and cp. Much Ado, ii. i, 143, "only his gift." Scene 1] CORIOLANUS 3 Enter Menenius Agrippa. Sec. Cit. Worthy Menenius Agrippa ; one that hath always loved the people. First Cit. He's one honest enough: would all the rest were so ! Men. What work's, my countrymen, in hand? where ^^^^ go you With tats"^ and clubs ? The matter? speak, I pray you. First Cit. Our business is not unknown to the senate ; they have had inkling this fortnight what we intend to do, which now we'll show 'em in deeds. They say poor suitors have strong breaths : they shall know we have strong arms too. 62 Men. Why, masters, my good friends, mine honest neighbours, Will you undo yourselves ? First Cit. We cannot, sir, we are undone already. Men. I tell you, friends, most charitable care Have the patricians of you. For your wants. Your suffering in this dearth, you may as well Strike at the heaven with your staves as lift them 70 Against the Roman state, whose course will on The way it takes, cracking ten thousand curlDS Of more strong link asunder than can ever Appear in your impediment. For the dearth. The gods, not the patricians, make it, and Your knees to them, not arms, must help. Alack, You are transported by calamity Thither where more attends you, and you slander The helms o' the state, who care for you like fathers, When you curse them as enemies. 80 First Cit. Care for us ! True, indeed ! They ne'er cared for us yet : suffer us to famish, and their store- houses crammed with grain ; make edicts for usury, to support usurers ; repeal daily any wholesome act estab- 74 ht yotir i7Jtpedinietti. In any hindrance of your making. 76 Your knees to thefn, not arms. Your knees to gods, not arms against patricians. 78 7 'hither where more attends you. To excesses which fresh sufferings must expiate. 84 Edicts for the repression of usury, made now and now unmade, and. always for the protection of the usurers. ** On the occasion of a late expedition against the Sabines, their 4 CORIOLANUS [Act I lished against the rich, and provide more piercing statutes daily, to chain up' and restrain the poor. If the wars eat us not up,, they will ; and there 's all the love they bear us. Men. Either you must 90 Confess yourselves wondrous malicious, Or be accused of folly. I shall tell you A pretty tale : it may be you have heard it : But, since it serves my purpose, I will venture To scale 't* a little more. First Cit. Well, I '11 hear it, sir : yet you must not think to fob* off our disgrace with a tale : but, an 't please you, deliver. Men. There was a time when all the body's members Rebeird against the belly, thus accused it : 100 That only like a gulf it did remain r the midst o' the body, idle and unactive, Still cupboarding the viand, never bearing Like labour with the rest, where* the other instruments Did see and hear, devise, instruct, walk, feel, And, mutually participate,* did minister Unto the appetite and affection common Of the whole body. The belly answer'd — First Cit. Well, sir, what answer made the belly ? no Men. Sir, I shall tell you. With a kind of smile, Which ne'er came from the lungs, but even thus — For, look you, I may make the belly smile As well as speak — it tauntingly replied To the discontented members, the mutinous parts That envied his* receipt ; even so most fitly, creditors promised to treat them with more lenity ; and, in pur- suance of a decree of the senate, M. Valerius, the consul, was guarantee of that promise. But, when they were returned victorious, they found that the usurers made them no abatement, and that the senate pretended to remember nothing of that agree- ment. " — Plutarch. 95 Scale' t Yi. StaleH Theobald conj., adopted by most editors. See Glossary. 112 But even thus. * When you have said that, you have described it.' A smile that had no laughter in it. Cp. As You Like It, ii. 7, 30, " My lungs began to crow like chanticleer." 116 Envied his receipt. * Grudged that the belly should receive all good things. ' ib. Most fitly, * A parallel most exact.' Scene 1] CORIOLANUS S As you malign our senators for that* They are not such as you. First Cit. Your belly's answer — what ? The kingly-crowned head, the vigilant eye, The counsellor heart, the arm our soldier, 1 20 Our steed the leg, the tongue our trumpeter, With other muniments and petty helps In this our fabric, if that* they — Men. What then? 'Fore me, this fellow speaks ! What then ? what then ? First Cit. Should by the cormorant belly be restrained, Who is the sink o' the body, — Men. Well, what then ? First Cit. The former agents, if they did complain. What could the belly answer ? Men. I will tell you : If you'll bestow a small— of what you have little — Patience awhile, you'll hear the belly's answer. 130 First Cit. Ye 're long about it. Men. Note me this, good friend ; Your most grave belly was deliberate. Not rash like his accusers, and thus answer'd : * True is it, my incorporate friends,' quoth he, * That I receive the general food at first, Which you do live upon ; and fit it is, Because I am the store-house and the shop Of the whole body : but, if you do remember, I send it through the rivers of your blood, Even to the court, the heart — to the seat o' the brain ; 140 And, through the cranks* and offices* of man, The strongest nerves and small inferior veins From me receive that natural competency* Whereby they live : and though that* all at once. You, my good friends,' — this says the belly, mark me, — 124 * As I live, the man 's an orator 1 ' 132 Vour 77iost grave belly. This use of the pronoun, by grammarians called * ethical ' (analogous to the mihi of * Quid mihi Celsus agit?' and the z/^-? of *note me this, good friend') puts the matter, for liveliness, as personal to the person addressed. Cp. Mids. N. D. iii. i, 33 ; *' To bring in a lion among ladies is a most dreadful thing ; for there is not a more fearful wild fowl thsLiiyour lion living." 140 *To the heart and to the brain.' Heart, brain, and nerves alike depend upon the belly. 6 CORIOLANUS [Act I First Cit. Ay, sir ; well, well. Men. * Though all at once cannot See what I do deliver out to each, Yet I can make my audit "^ up, that all From me do back receive the flour of all, And leave me but the bran.' What say you to 't .'* 150 First Cit. It was an answer : how apply you this ? Men. The senators of Rome are this good belly. And you the mutinous members ; for examine Their counsels and their cares,, digest things rightly Touching the weal"^ o' tJjKommon, you shall find No public benefit which you receive But it proceeds or comes from them to you And no way from yourselves. What do you think. You, the great toe of this assembly 1 First Cit. I the great toe ! why the great toe ? 160 Men. For that, being one o' the lowest, basest, poorest, Of this most wise rebellion, thou go'st foremost : ^ . Thou, rascal,* that art worst in blood to run, /luli. djIOT ^ Lead'st first to win some vantage. But make you ready your stiff bats "^ and clubs : Rome and her rats are at the point of battle ; The one side must have bale.* 148 Make my audit up^ that . . : * Prove by the black and white of my accounts that . . ' 155 The weal the commoii ■=■ The common weal, or wealth. 'The common,' used substantively, as (Julius Csesar, ii. i, 12), * the general ' — " I know no personal cause to spurn at him, But for the general. " 159 Assembly. Pronounced as four syllables (as if * as- semble-y'). Cp. Two Gent. i. 3, 84, "O how this spring of love resembleth.^^ ib. ii. 4, 210, "And that hath dazzled my reason's light." As You Like It, ii. 2, 13, "The parts and graces of the wrestler."" 163 Rascal and in blood are hunting terms. A rascal is a lean deer, out of condition, ht blood is said of a stag that is in good condition, *game,' high-spirited. *You, the worst con- ditioned of the herd, are, for your own advantage, their leader,' Cp. I Henry VI. iv. 2, 48 — ** If we be English deer, be then in blood : Not rascal-like, to fall down with a pinch, But rather, moody-mad and desperate stags, Turn on the bloody hounds with heads of steel." And infra, iv. 5, 225. Scene 1] CORIOLANUS 7 Enter Caius Marcius. Hail, noble Marcius ! Mar. Thanks. What 's the matter, you dissentious rogues, That, rubbing the poor itch of your opinion, Make yourselves scabs ? First Cit. We have ever your good word. 170 Mar. He that will give good words to thee will flatter Beneath abhorring. What would you have, you curs, That like not peace nor war ? the one affrights you. The other makes you proud. He that trusts to you, Where he should find you lions, finds you hares : Where foxes, geese : you are no surer, no. Than is the coal of fire upon the ice, Or hailstone in the sun. Your virtue is To make him worthy whose offence subdues him And curse that justice did it. Who deserves greatness Deserves your hate ; and your affections are 181 A sick man's appetite, who desires most that Which would increase his evil. He that depends Upon your favours swims with fins of lead And hews down oaks with rushes. Hang ye ! Trust ye? With every minute you do change a mind. And call him noble that was now your hate, Him vile that was your garland. What's the matter, That in these several places of the city You cry against the noble senate, who, 190 Under the gods, keep you in awe, which else Would feed on one another ? What 's their seeking ? Men. For corn at their own rates \ whereof, they say, The city is well stored. Mar. Hang 'em ! They say ! 169 The poor itch of your opinion. A mange of discontented fancies — inflamed with scratching. 178 So soon your ardour is cooled, your resolution melted. 1 79 * To extol the worth of the offender who has met with deserved disgrace, and curse the justice by which he fell ' (* which did it '). 188 'Of whom you were so proud, you wore him as a gar- land.* 8 CORIOLANUS [Act I They '11 sit by the fire, and presume to know What 's done i' the Capitol ; who 's like to rise, Who thrives and who declines ; side factions and give out Conjectural marriages ; making parties strong And feebling such asfetand not in their liking Below their cobbled shoes. They say there's grain enough ! Would the nobility lay aside their ruth,* 20l And let me use my sword, I 'Id make a quarry"^ With thousands of these quartered slaves, as high As I could pick"^ my lance. Men. Nay, these are almost thoroughly persuaded ; For though abundantly they lack discretion, ' . /.^i^/Oc-^ Yet are they passing cowardly. But, I beseech you, A What says the other troop ? Mar. They are dissolved : hang 'em ! They said they were an-hungry* ; sigh'd forth proverbs, That hunger broke stone walls, that dogs must eat, 210 That meat was made for mouths, that the gods sent not Corn for the rich men only : with these shreds They vented their complainings ; which being answer'd, And a petition granted them, a strange one — To break the heart of generosity, And make bold power look pale — they threw their caps As they would hang them on the horns o' the moon, Shouting their emulation.* Men. What is granted them.'* Mar. Five tribunes to defend their vulgar wisdoms, Of their own choice : one is Junius Brutus, 220 195 *■ Fii'e^ to be pronounced as two syllables: so Julius Caesar, iii. i, 171 — " As fire drives out fire, so pity pity." ** Than tzT^d eyelids upon tir'd eyes." — Tennyson, Lotos Eaters, So below, 1. 4, 2, yours. 197 * Part factions'; * range well-known names on this side and on that, conjecture marriages also that shall strengthen these and weaken those ; till, in their talk, friends win the day, and foes are trampled under foot. ' 212 * These scraps and shreds of speech.* 215 * Which they suppose will sap the strength of the patri- cian spirit' Generosity, the sentiment (class feeling) of the generous, i.e. the noble, (So Meas. for Meas. iv. 6, 13 : *' The generous and gravest citizens. ") 220 Choice has the time of two syllables, the voice resting on the diphthong. See Abbott, Sh. G., 484. Scene 1] CORIOLANUS 9 Sicinius Velutus, and I know not — 'Sdeath ! The rabble should have first unroof d the city Ere so prevaiFd with me : it will in time Win upon power and throw forth greater themes For insurrection's arguing. Men. This is strange. Mar. Go, get you home, you fragments ! Enter a Messenger, hastily. Mess. Where's Caius Marcius t Mar. Here : what*s the matter 1 Mess. The news is, sir, the Volsces are in arms. Mar. I am glad on't : then we shall ha' means to vent Our musty superfluity. See, our best elders. 230 Enter Cominius, Titus Lartius, and other Senators ; Junius Brutus and Sicinius Velutus. First Sen. Marcius, 'tis true that you have lately told us ; The Volsces are in arms. Mar. They have a leader, Tullus Aufidius, that will put you to 't. I sin in envying his nobility, And were I anything but what I am, I would wish me only he. Com. You have fought together. Mar. Were half to half the world by the ears, and he Upon my party, I 'Id revolt, to make Only my wars with him : he is a lion That I am proud to hunt. First Sen. Then, worthy Marcius, 240 Attend upon Cominius to these wars. Com. It is your former promise. 224 Win upon power, * Gain upon, gain ground against, authority.* 225 Eor insurrections arguing. * For insurrection to go to work upon.' Cp. Henry V. iii. I, 21, *' And sheathed their swords for lack oi argument'' (i.e. of more Frenchmen to kill). 226 Youfragi7ients, You * tag and rag,' you odds and ends of Rome. So Achilles calls Thersites * fragment,' Tro. and Cress. V. I, 9. 233 Will put you to 'if. Will press you hard, give you enough to do. 236 Wish me only he. Wish only that I were he. 10 CORIOLANUS [Act I Mar. Sir, it is ; And I am constant. Titus Lartius, thou Shalt see me once more strike at Tullus' face. What, art thou stiff? stand'st out ? Tit. No, Caius Marcius ; V\\ lean upon one crutch and fight with V other, Ere stay behind this business. Men. O, true-bred ! First Sen. Your company to the Capitol; where, I know, Our greatest friends attend us. Tit. [To Com.] Lead you on. [To Mar.] Follow Cominius ; we must follow you ; 250 Right worthy you priority. Com. Noble Marcius ! First Sen. [To the Citizens.] Hence to your homes ; be gone ! Mar. Nay, let them follow : The Volsces have much corn ; take these rats thither To gnaw their garners. Worshipful mutiners,"'^ Your valour puts well forth : pray, follow. [QXtYL^n^stealaway, Exeimf alll^ut SICINIVS and Brvtus, Sic. Was ever man so proud as is this Marcius ? Bru. He has no equal. Sic. When we were chosen tribunes for the people, — Bru. Mark'd you his lip and eyes ? Sic. Nay, but his taunts. Bru. Being moved, he will not spare to gird* the gods. 260 Sic. Be-mock the modest moon. Bru. The present wars devour him : he is grown Too proud to be so valiant. Sic. Such a nature. Tickled with good success, disdains the shadow 25 1 * Right worthy as you are of such precedence. * 255 Tuts well forth. * Shows well,' * makes a pretty exhibi- tion of itself. ' 262 The present wars devour him : i. e. he is eaten up with pride, which they engender. Some edd. make the words an imprecation : " The present wars devour him ! " 263 Too ■proud to be, i.e. of being, so valiant. 264 * Is impatient of the company even of his noonday shadow.' Scene 2] CORIOLANUS ii Which he treads on at noon : but I do wonder His insolence can brook to be commanded Under Cominius. Bru. Fame, at the which he aims, In whom already he's well graced, can not Better be held nor more attain'd than by A place below the first : for what miscarries 270 Shall be the general's fault, though he perform To the utmost of a man, and giddy censure* Will then cry out of Marcius * O, if he Had borne the business I' Sic. Besides, if things go well, Opinion"'^ that so sticks on Marcius shall Of his demerits* rob Cominius. Bru. Come : Half all Cominius' honours are to Marcius, Though Marcius earn'd them not, and all his faults To Marcius shall be honours, though indeed In aught he merit not. Sic. Let's hence, and hear 280 How the dispatch is made, and in what fashion, More than his singularity,* he goes Upon this present action. Bru. Let's along. [Exeunt. S CE N E 1 1. — Coriolu The Senate-house. E7tter TULLUS Aufidius and certain Senators. First Sen. So, your opinion is, Aufidius, That they of Rome are enter'd in our counsels And know how we proceed. AUF. Is it not yours ? What ever hath been thought on in this state. That could be brought to bodily act ere Rome 268 In whom. We should have expected either by whom or m which. 272 To the utmost of a man. * Pro virili parte.' 274 Had borne the business. * Rem gessisset.' Cp. i. 6, 82. 282 His singularity. Ironical, * This paragon of generals, how he is accompanied,' 'with what force — over and above his own great self—hQ takes the field.' 2 Are entered in our counsels. Have crept into our secret. 12 CORIOLANUS [Act I Had circumvention ? 'Tis not four days gone Since I heard thence : these are the words : I think I have the letter here ; yes, here it is. [Reads] ' They have pressed* a power, but it is not known Whether for east or west : the dearth is great ; lo The people mutinous ; and it is rumoured, Cominius, Marcius your old enemy, Who is of Rome worse hated than of you, And Titus Lartius, a most valiant Roman, These three lead on this preparation Whither 't is bent* : most likely 'tis for you : Consider of it.' First Sen. Our army's in the field : We never yet made doubt but Rome was ready To answer us. AUF. Nor did you think it folly To keep your great pretences* veil'd till when 20 They needs must show themselves ; which in the hatching, It seem'd, appear'd to Rome. By the discovery We shall be shorten'd in our aim, which was To take in many towns ere almost Rome Should know we were afoot. Sec. Sen. Noble Aufidius, Take your commission : hie you to your bands : Let us alone to guard Corioli : If they set down before 's, for the remove Bring up your army ; but, I think, you'll find They've not prepared for us. AuF. O, doubt not that ; 30 I speak from certainties. Nay, more, Some parcels of their power are forth already, And only hitherward. I leave your honours. If we and Caius Marcius chance to meet, 6 Had circumvention, A mixture of 'circumvented it' and * had intelligence of it. ' 19 * True, and yet you did not think it folly.* 22 It seem'd, appear d — * were wont to appear. ' But perhaps we should read it see??is. 24 Take in — take. So Ant. and Cle. iii. 7, 24, **Take in Toryne." 28 For the remove — * removal ' of the besiegers : for the relief of the town. Dr. Johnson proposed to read * for their Scenes] CORIOLANUS 13 'Tis sworn between us we shall ever strike Till one can do no more. All. The gods assist you f AUF. And keep your honours safe ! First Sen. Farewell. Sec. Sen. Farewell. All. Farewell. [Exemit, SCENE lll.—Ro7ne. A room in Marcius' house. Enter Volumnia and Virgilia : they set them down on two low stools J and sew. Vol. I pray you, daughter, sing ; or express yourself in a more comfortable* sort : if my son were my husband, I should freelier rejoice in that absence wherein he won honour than in those embracements wherein he would show most love. When yet he was but tender-bodied and the only son of my womb, when youth with come- liness plucked all gaze his way, when for a day of kings' entreaties a mother should not sell him an hour from her beholding, I, considering how honour would become such a person, that it was no better than picture-like to hang by the wall, if renown made it not stir, was pleased to let him seek danger where he was like to find fame. To a cruel war I sent him ; from whence he returned, his brows bound with oak. I tell thee, daughter, I sprang not more in joy at first hearing he was a man-child than now in first seeing he had proved himself a man. 19 ViR. But had he died in the business, madam ; how then? Vol. Then his good report should have been my son ; I therein would have found issue. Hear me profess sincerely : had I a dozen sons, each in my love alike and 9 Should not sell him : (future in past time) * was not going to sell him.' So Spenser, F. Q. i. i, 26 — " His foes have slain themselves, with whom he should contend," i.e. was to contend. (Germ. * Ich sollte es thun.') 10 * Considering that to be so comely and yet unstirred by honour was to be no better than a picture. ' // (if we should not rather read him) is his * person,' 'his comeliness.' 16 Jlis brows bound with oak. The oaken garland {corona civicd) presented to a soldier who had saved the life of a Roman citizen in battle ; inscribed with the words *' ob civem servatum." 14 CORIOLANUS [Act I none less dear than thine and my good Marcius, I had rather had eleven die nobly for their country than one voluptuously surfeit out of action. Enter a Gentlewoman. Gent. Madam, the Lady Valeria is come to visit you. ViR. Beseech you, give me leave to retire"^ myself. 30 Vol. Indeed, you shall not. Methinks I hear hither your husband's drum, See him pluck Aufidius down by the hair, As children from a bear, the Volsces shunning him : Methinks I see him stamp thus, and call thus : ' Come on, you cowards ! you were got in fear. Though you were born in Rome :' his bloody brow With his mail'd hand then wiping, forth he goes, Like to a harvest-man that 's task'd to mow Or all or lose his hire. 40 ViR. His bloody brow ! O Jupiter, no blood ! Vol. Away, you fool ! it more becomes a man Than gilt"^ his trophy : the breasts of Hecuba, When she did suckle Hector, look'd not lovelier Than Hector's forehead when it spit forth blood At Grecian sword, contemning. Tell Valeria, We are fit to bid her welcome. {Exit Gent. ViR. Heavens bless* my lord from fell Aufidius ! Vol. He'll beat Aufidius' head below his knee And tread upon his neck. 50 Enter Valeria, with an Usher and Gentlewoman. Val. My ladies both, good day to you. Vol. Sweet madam. ViR. I am glad to see your ladyship. Val. How do you both .? you are manifest house- keepers. What are you sewing here ? A fine spot, in good faith. How does your httle son .'' ViR. I thank your ladyship ; well, good madam. Vol. He had rather see the swords, and hear a drum, than look upon his schoolmaster. 61 32 Hear hither. * Hear it approaching. ' 34 * Flying from him, as children from a bear. * 40 * Either to mow all, or lose his hire. ' 54 Manifest. Caught in the act. 56 A fine spot— of embroidery. Scenes] CORIOLANUS 15 Val. O^ my word, the father's son : 111 swear, 't is a very pretty boy. O' my troth, I looked upon him o' Wednesday half an hour together : has such a confirmed countenance. I saw him run after a gilded butterfly ; and when he caught it, he let it go again ; and after it again ; and over and over he comes, and up again ; catched it again ; or whether his fall enraged him, or how 't was, he did so set his teeth and tear it ; 0,1 warrant, how he mammocked* it ! 71 Vol. One on 's father's moods. Val. Indeed, la,'t is a noble child. ViR. A crack,* madam. Val. Come, lay aside your stitchery ; I must have you play the idle huswife with me this afternoon. ViR. No, good madam ; I will not out of doors. • Val. Not out of doors ! Vol, She shall, she shall. 80 ViR. Indeed, no, by your patience; I'll not over the threshold till my lord return from the wars. Val. Fie, you confine yourself most unreasonably : come, you must go visit the good lady that lies in. ViR. I will wish her speedy strength, and visit her with my prayers ; but I cannot go thither. Vol. Why, I pray you ? ViR. 'Tis not to save labour, nor that I want love. 91 Val. You would be another Penelope : yet, they say, all the yarn she spun in Ulysses' absence did but fill Ithaca full of moths. Come ; I would your cambric were sensible* as your finger, that you might leave pricking it for pity. Come, you shall go with us. ViR. No, good madam, pardon me ; indeed, I will not forth. Val. In truth, la, go with me ; and I'll tell you ex- cellent news of your husband. loi ViR. O, good madam, there can be none yet. Val. Verily, I do not jest with you ; there came news from him last night. ViR. Indeed, madam ? Val. In earnest, it 's true ; I heard a senator speak it. Thus it is : the Volsces have an army forth ; against whom Cominius the general is gone,, with one part of our 69 * Either that, perhaps, his fall enraged him, or however it was.' I6 CORIOLANUS [Act I Roman power : your lord and Titus Lartius are set down before their city Corioli ; they nothing doubt prevaihng and to make it brief wars. This is true, on mine honour ; and so, I pray, go with us. 113 ViR. Give me excuse, good madam ; I will obey you in everything hereafter. Vol, Let her alone, lady : as she is now, she will but disease our better mirth. Val. In troth, I think she would. Fare you well, then. Come, good sweet lady. Prithee, Virgilia, turn thy solemnness out o' door, and go along with us. 12! ViR. No, at a word, madam ; indeed, I must not. I wish you much mirth. Val. Well, then, farewell. [^Exeunt. SCENE IN,— Before Corioli, Enter ^ with drum and colours, Marcius, Titus Lartius, Captains and Soldiers. To them a Messenger. Mar. Yonder comes news. A wager they have met. Lart. My horse to yours, no. Mar. 'T is done. Lart. Agreed. Mar. Say, has our general met the enemy 1 Mess. They he in view ; but have not spoke as yet. Lart. So, the good horse is mine. Mar. I '11 buy him of you. Lart. No, I '11 nor sell nor give him : lend you him I will For half a hundred years. Summon the town. Mar. How far off lie these armies .f* Mess. Within this mile and half. Mar. Then shall we hear their 'larum,"^ and they ours. Now, Mars, I prithee, make us quick in work, 10 That we with smoking swords may march from hence. To help our fielded friends ! Come, blow thy blast. 112 * They are confident of victory and of making short work of it. ' 123 Virgilia answers the familiar thou oi Valeria, more dis- tantly, vi\\h.you. See Abbott, Sh. G., 231. I News from Cominius. 4 * In sight of each other : but they have not yet given signal of battle.' ir Smoking swords. So Rich. III. i. 2, 94 — * Thy murderous falchion smoking in his blood.* Scene 4] CORIOLANUS 17 They sound a parley. Enter two Senators with others on the walls. Tullus Aufidius, is he within your walls ? First Sen. No, nor a man that fears you less than he, That's lesser than a little. {Drums afar off.'l Hark ! our drums Are bringing forth our youth. We '11 break our walls, Rather than they shall pound"^ us up : our gates, Which yet seem shut, we have but pinn'd with rushes ; They '11 open of themselves. [Alarum afar off.'] Hark you, far off ! IJ^ <^-" ^ - • ^a n There is Aufidius ; list, what work he makes " 20 Amongst your cloven army. Mar. O, they are at it ! Lart. Their noise be our instruction. Ladders, ho ! Enter the army of the Volsces. Mar. They fear us not, but issue forth their city. Now put your shields before your hearts, and fight With hearts moreproof than shields. Advance, brave Titus : They do disdain us much beyond our thoughts. Which makes me sweat with wrath. Come on, my fellows : He that retires, Til take him for a Volsce, And he shall feel mine edge. Alarum. The Romans are beat back to their trenches. Re-enter Marcius, cursing. Mar. All the contagion of the south light on you, 30 You shames of Rome ! you herd of — Boils and plagues Plaster you o'er, that you may be abhorred Further than seen and one infect another Against the wind a mile ! You souls of geese, That bear the shapes of men, how have you run From slaves that apes would beat ! Pluto and hell ! All hurt behind ; backs red, and faces pale With flight and agued fear! Mend and charge home, 14 * He is not within our walls, and of all men living he fears you least.* Dr. Johnson altered less to 7nore: meaning, He is not here ; and we who are here fear you as little as he does. ' This is better sense ; and perhaps less is due to a confusion, not unlike that in Lear, ii. 4, 142 (where see note), and W. T. iii. 2, 35. 25 Hearts more proof than shields, dvfio^s eTrra^oelovs. So * Arms of proof arms proved and approved. (Cp. Spens. F. Q. ii. 7, I. "The masters of his long experiment.") i8 CORIOLANUS [Act I Or, by the fires of heaven, 1 11 leave the foe And make my wars on you : look to 't : come on ; 40 If you 11 stand fast, we '11 beat them to their wives, As they us to our trenches followed. A7toiher alarum. The Volsces ^, and yiAKCivs follows them to the gates. So, now the gates are ope: now prove good seconds: 'Tis for the followers fortune widens them. Not for the fliers : mark me, and do the like. \_E Titers the gates. First Sol. Fool-hardiness ; not I. Sec. Sol. Nor I. [Marcius is shut in. First Sol. See, they have shut him in. All. To the pot, I warrant him. {Alarum continues. Re-enter Titus Lartius. Lart. What is become of Marcius.? All. Slain, sir, doubtless. First Sol. Following the fliers at the very heels. With them he enters ; who, upon the sudden, 50 Clapp'd to their gates : he is himself alone. To answer all the city. .. Lart. O noble fellow ! Who sensibly* outdares his senseless sword, And, when it bows, stands up. Thou art left, Marcius : A carbuncle entire, as big as thou art. Were not so rich a jewel. Thou wast a soldier ■ Even to .Cato's wi sh, not fierce and terrible OL-i<~cttK\cicai/iAi, 47. To the pot ( = pit) of destruction. (* *T\vas a whirlin'//ess—thTe2Ldh3.Ye. This is from Plutarch, who says (in North's translation), *'It was the custom of Rome at that time, that such as did sue for any office should for certain days before be in the market-place, only with a poor gown on their backs, and without any coat underneath, to pray the people to remember them at the day of election." 258 As our good wills: scil. are. *It will fare with him then, as we cordially desire it may.' 260 Our authorities. Our authority as tribunes. Plural, like *our good wills,' and above, 'your dispositions,' your pleasures. ' ib. For an end. * Lastly* — we have a part to play. 261 Suggest the people. So Rich. II. i. i, loi — '* suggest his soon believing adversaries. " Henry VIII. i. i, 164: "sug- gests the king our master. " 262 To's poiver. To the utmost of his power. 264 Dispropertied their freedo7fis. Made their freedom no freedom ; taken from it all properties of freedom. 40 CORTOLANUS [Act II In human action and capacity, Of no more soul nor fitness for the world Than camels in the war, who have their provand* Only for bearing burdens, and sore blows For sinking under them. Sic. This, as you say, suggested At some time when his soaring insolence 270 Shall teach the people — which time shall not want, If he be put upon 't ; and that 's as easy As to set dogs on sheep — will be his fire To kindle their dry stubble ; and their blaze Shall darken him for ever. E7tter a Messenger. Bru. What 's the matter ? Mess. You are sent for to the Capitol. Tis thought That Marcius shall be consul : I have seen the dumb men throng to see him and The blind to hear him speak : matrons flung gloves, Ladies and maids their scarfs and handkerchers, 280 Upon him as he pass'd : the nobles bended, As to Jove's statue, and the commons made A shower and thunder with their caps and shouts : I never saw the like. Bru. Let 's to the Capitol ; And carry with us ears and eyes for the time. But hearts for the event. Sic. Have with you. {Exeunt SCENE \\.— The same. The Capitol Enter two Officers, to lay cushions. First Off. Come, come, they are almost here. How many stand for consulships ? Sec. Off. Three, they say: but 'tis thought of ever}' one Coriolanus will carry it. First Off. That 's a brave fellow ; but he 's vengeance proud, and loves not the common people. 7 27 1 Shall teach the people. What manner of man he is ; open their eyes. Or, perhaps, as Gideon "taught" the men of Suc- coth. teach Ff. touch Hanmer (followed by Camb. edd.) 278 Dumb 7Jien, dumb and deaf : to see him, see him speak. 285 For the time, the present : for the event, what is to gome. Scene 2] CORIOLANUS 41 Sec. Off. Faith, there have been many great men that have flattered the people, who ne'er loved them ; and there be many that they have loved, they know not where- fore : so that, if they love they know not why, they hate upon no better a ground : therefore, for Coriolanus neither to care whether they love or hate him manifests the true knowledge he has in their disposition ; and out of his noble carelessness lets them plainly see't. 17 First Off. If he did not care whether he had their love or no, he waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither good nor harm : but he seeks their hate with greater devotion than they can render it him ; and leaves nothing undone that may fully discover him their opposite.* Now, to seem to affect the malice and dis- pleasure of the people is as bad as that which he dislikes, to flatter them for their love. 26 Sec. Off. He hath deserved worthily of his country ; and his ascent is not by such easy degrees as those who, having been supple and courteous to the people, bonneted, without any further deed to have them at all, into their estimation and report : but he hath so planted his I onours in their eyes, and his actions in their hearts, that for their tongues to be silent, and not confess so much, were a kind of ingrateful injury ; to report otherwise, 14 * To care in neither case — if they love him, or if they hate him: ' Cp. i. 3, 69 — *" or whether or.^ ib. * Such carelessness shews that he understands them : and, of his carelessness, he lets them see that he does.' He to be understood before lets : as often, especially in Spenser ; e.g. F. Q. ii. 2, 8 — " At last, when failing breath began to faint, And saw no means to scape." 19 He waved. Conditional, would wave. * He would swing to and fro between doing them good and doing them harm, neutral, so as to do neither : ' * stop short, here, of doing good, there, of doing harm/ 29 As those. As the ascent of those. 30 To bonnet (or cap) a man is to uncover in sign of respect. Bonneted into their estimation and report, bonneted their way, made their way by dint of bonneting and servility, into the favour of the people. So v. i, 5, *'Knee the way into his mercy." — Without any further deed to have them at all, doing no single other thing to win them, (viz. estimation and report.) — The punctuation and explanation of the passage are due to Dr. Delius. 42 CORIOLANUS [Act II were a malice, that, giving itself the lie, would pluck re- proof and rebuke from every ear that heard it. First Off. No more of him ; he's a worthy man : make way, they are coming. 40 A semiet.^ Enter ^ with Lictors before them^ COMINIUS the cofisid^ Menenius, Coriolanus, Senators, SiClNlUS and Brutus. The Senators take their places ; the Tribunes take their places by themselves, Coriolanus stands. Men. Having determined of the Volsces and To send for Titus Lartius, it remains. As the main point of this our after-meeting, To gratify his noble service that Hath thus stood for his country : therefore, please you, Most reverend and grave elders, to desire The present consul, and last general In our well-found successes, to report A little of that worthy work perform'd By Caius Marcius Coriolanus, whom 50 We met here both to thank and to remember With honours like himself. First Sen. Speak, good Cominius : Leave nothing out for length, and make us think Rather our state 's defective for requital Than we to stretch it out. \To the Tribunes] Masters o' the people, We do request your kindest ears, and after, Your loving motion toward the common body, To yield what passes here. 37 Phick. Draw, compel. So above, i. 3, 8 — "plucked all gaze his way." 44 Gratify. Return thanks for. Cp. M. of V. iv. I, 406 (Abbott.) 47 * Still consul, lately general.' 48 Well found successes. We still say *to find success' (as Tro. and Cress, iv. 5, 149), though not " to find successes." 50 Whom. Governed by * to thank and to remember. * 55 Tha7t we to stretch it out. Make us think that, if defect is anywhere, it is rather the state that is defective in power to requite deserving, than we in zeal to stretch its power to the utmost : let that which is surely most impossible seems possible rather than this. 56 * After listening to us, so to bear yourselves towards the people that they shall be moved to grant what we agree to. ' Scene 2] CORIOLANUS 43 Sic. We are convented* Upon a pleasing treaty, and have hearts Indinable"'^ to honour and advance 60 The theme of our assembly. Bru. Which the rather We shall be blest to do, if he remember A kinder value of the people than He hath hereto prized them at. Men. That 's off, that 's off ; I would you rather had been silent. Please you To hear Cominius speak ? Bru. Most willingly ; But yet my caution was more pertinent Than the rebuke you give it. Men. He loves your people ; But tie him not to be their bedfellow. Worthy Cominius, speak. [Coriolanus qff^ers to go away. Nay, keep your place. 70 First Sen. Sit, Coriolanus ; never shame to hear What you have nobly done. Cor. Your honours' pardon : I had rather have my wounds to heal again Than hear say how I got them. Bru. Sir, I hope My words disbench'd you not. Cor. No, sir : yet oft, When blows have made me stay, I fled from words. You soothed* not, therefore hurt not : but your people, I love them as they weigh. Men. Pray now, sit down. Cor. I had rather have one scratch my head i' the sun 59 * To make a treaty (touching Coriolanus) which we are nothing loth to make.' 61 The the7?ie of our assembly, Coriolanus. 62 Blest to do. Blessed in doing. 64 Off. Wide of the matter, irrelevant. 75 Disbenched you. Caused you to rise. 78 As they -weigh. In proportion to their weight, their worth. 79 Have one scratch viy head i the stm. Amorously : sit to be fondled in the sunshine. So 2 Henry IV. ii. 4, 281 — **Look whether the withered elder hath not his poll clawed 11 a parrot." 44 CORIOLANUS [Act II Wlien the alarum"^ were struck than idly sit 80 To hear my nothings monster'd. [Exit Men. Masters of the people, Your multiplying spawn how can he flatter — That 's thousand to one good one — when you now see He had rather venture all his limbs for honour Than one on 's ears to hear it ? Proceed, Cominius. Com. I shall lack voice : the deeds of Coriolanus Should not be utter'd feebly. It is held That valour is the chiefest virtue, and Most dignifies the haver : if it be. The man I speak of cannot in the world 90 Be singly counterpoised. At sixteen years, When Tarquin made a head for Rome, he fought Beyond the mark of others : our then dictator. Whom with all praise I point at, saw him fight, When with his Amazonian chin he drove The bristled lips before him : he bestrid An o'er-press'd Roman and i' the consults view Slew three opposers : Tarquin's self he met, And struck him on his knee : in that day's feats. When he might act the woman in the scene, loo He proved best man i' the field, and for his meed 80 When the alariwi were struck. So Rich. III. iv. 4, 148 : '* Strike alarum, drums !" 81 Monster d. Magnified into monsters. So Lear i. i, 223 — "Sure, her offence Must be of such unnatural degree, That 7nonsters it. " 83 That's thousand to one good one. * Spawn, that, for one good man among the worthless, may be counted by the thousand.' 85 Than one on 's ears to here it. * Than lend so much as one ear' (we say 'half an ear') *to hear it, hear how he ventured.* Perhaps, but not so well, * hear flattery.' 91 Be singly counterpoised. Find his match, man against man. 92 Made a head. Raised an army. We say, * to make head ' against an enemy. I Henry IV. 4, 25 — * *a headoi gallant warriors." ib. For Rome. His army's destination. 99 On his knee. So that he dropped upon his knee. 100 He might act. It was permitted him to act, (er mochte,) being so young. (We say 'He might have acted.') With allusion to the stage : women's parts in Shakspere's time being played by boys. Hence Ant. and Cle. v. 2, 219 — " I shall see some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness. " Scene 2] CORIOLANUS 45 Was brow-bound with the oak. His pupil-age Man-enter'd thus, he waxed hke a sea, And in the brunt* of seventeen battles since He lurched* all ^words of the garland. For this last, Before and in Corioli, let me say, I cannot speak him home : he stopp'd the fliers ; And by his rare example made the coward Turn terror into sport : as weeds before A vessel under sail, so men obey'd lio And fell below his stem : his sword, death's stamp,* Where it did mark, it took ; from face to foot He was a thing of blood, whose every motion Was timed with dying cries : alone he enter'd 1 02 Brow-bound ivith the oak. His reward, in strictness, not for being *best man i' the field,' but for saving 'the o'er- pressed Roman.' See i. 9, 60, 7iote, ib. His pupil- age man- entered. Having entered as a man the age of boyhood . 105 Lttrched all swords of the garland. Bore away the palm from all the Romans. 107 I cannot speak him home. Describe him fully, to the core, {penitus.) A * home-thrust' is one that 'comes home' to a man : Kaipia irXTjyi^. So Shakspere has, in this play, *'to strike home," "to charge home,"" to tell home:" and (Macb. 1. 3, 120,) "to trust home ; " (Cymb. iii. 5, 92,) "to satisfy home ; " (Meas. for Meas. iv. 4, 148,) " accuse him home and home," etc. 109 Weeds. 1st Folio. Some editors prefer the reading of the later Folios, 'waves,* as more poetical and dignified. The earlier reading, however, (besides having the superior authority of the ist Folio,) is really more appropriate, expressing, in the helplessness of the Volscians before Coriolanus, his heroic and superhuman prowess, whereas the image of a ship stemming the waves would rather suggest that his courage triumphed over superior strength. Again, waves could hardly be said to fall under the vessel's stem. 11 1 His sword ^ death's stamp. Sword, with which Death stamps men, seals men, for his own. 112 Where it did ?narkf it took. Where it marked, marked effectually : set no doubtful or illegible mark upon its victims . never half-killed. So BacOn, Nat. Hist, (quoted by Johnson), " In impressions from mind to mind, the impression taketh^ but is overcome, etc. " 114 ' The cries of the dying were the music to which he moved. ' 46 CORIOLANUS [ActU The mortal gate of the city, which he painted With shunless destiny ; aidless came off, And with a sudden re-inforcement struck Corioli like a planet : now all 's his : When, by and by, the din of war gan pierce His ready sense ; then straight his doubled spirit I20 Requicken'd what in flesh was fatigate, And to the battle came he ; where he did Run reeking o'er the lives of men, as if 'T were a perpetual spoil : and till we call'd Both field and city ours, he never stood To ease his breast with panting. Men. Worthy man ! First Sen. He cannot but with measure fit the honours Which we devise him. Com. Our spoils he kicked at, And look'd upon things precious as they were The common muck of the world : he covets less 130 115 Mortal, deadly — though not to him. ib. Whuh he painted with shunless destiny. The inevitable doom of the city was as it were portrayed on the gates, in the blood that splashed them. Shakspere often speaks of the stains of blood 2.% paintiitg : as above, i. 6, 68, *'this painting wherein ye see me smeared," and 3 Henry VI. I, 4, 12, "with purple falchion, painted to the hilt in blood:" but here the word expresses representation as well as colour. So perhaps Tro. and Cress, i. i, 93 : *' Helen must needs be fair, When with your blood you daily paint her thus. " 118 StriicJz Co7'ioli like a planet. Like some planet of "ill aspect," that shakes the world with plagues and portents. Cp. Tro. and Cress, i. 3, 85 — loi : and Tim. of Ath. iv. 3, 108 — " Be as a planetary plague, when Jove "Will o'er some high-viced city hang his poison In the sick air : let not thy sword skip one." And Hamlet i. i, 162: "The nights are wholesome ; then no planets striked 119 The din oftvar. Above, i. 5, 9. 120 His ready sense. Quick hearing. 123 Reeking. Smoking with blood, as above, i. 4, ir. 124 As if 'twere a perpetual spoil. As if he had only to spoil men slain already ; so they "went down before him at a touch." 127 Fit zvith measure. Fill as by measurement, no room to spare, whatever honours we devise for him to wear. 1 30 Muck of the world : * ' vilia rerum. ' ' Scene 2] CORIOLANUS 47 Than misery itself would give ; rewards His deeds with doing them, and is content To spend the time, to end it. Men. He's right noble: Let him be call'd for. First Sen. Call Coriolanus. Off. He doth appear. Re-enter CORIOLANUS. . Men. The senate, Coriolanus, are well pleased To make thee consul. Cor. I do owe them still My life and services. Men. It then remains That you do speak to the people. Cor. I do beseech you, Let me o'erleap that custom, for I cannot 140 Put on the gown, stand naked and entreat them, For my wounds' sake, to give their suffrage : please you That I may pass this doing. Sic. Sir, the people Must have their voices ; neither will they bate* One jot of ceremony. Men. Put them not to 't : Pray you, go fit you to the custom and Take to you, as your predecessors have. Your honour with your form. Cor. It is a part That I shall blush in acting, and might well Be taken from the people. Bru. Mark you that? 150 131 Misery. Poverty. * 133 Is content to spend the ti7?ie, to end it. That the time should pass, and the end come, bringing no reward — no more to be said of it than that, the time having passed, the end has come — to this he is contented to look forward. 137 Still. Always. 141 Stand naked. "With a poor gown on their backs, and without any coat underneath :" Plutarch. See ii. i, 250, note. 143 Pass this doing. Omit this ceremony. 145 Put them not to V. Press not too hard upon them. Cp. i- I, 233. 148 With your form. With all formalities that are required of you. 48 CORIOLANUS [Act n Cor. To brag unto them, thus I did, and thus ; Show them the unaching scars which I should hide, As if I had received them for the hire Of their breath only ! Men. Do not stand upon 't. We recommend to you, tribunes of the people, Our purpose to them : and to our noble consul Wish we all joy and honour. Senators. To Coriolanus come all joy and honour ! [Flourish of cornets, Exeimt all but SiCiNius and Brutus. Bru. You see how he intends to use the people. Sic. May they perceive 's intent ! He will require them. As if he did contemn what he requested i6i Should be in them to give. Bru. Come, we '11 inform them Of our proceedings here : on the market-place, I know, they do attend us. {Exeunt, SCENE III. — The same. The Forum, Enter seven or eight Citizens. First Cit. Once, if he do require our voices, we ought not to deny him. Sec. Cit. We may, sir, if we will. Third Cit. We have power in ourselves to do it, but it is a power that we have no power to do ; for if he show us his wounds and tell us his deeds, we are to put our tongues into those wounds and speak for them ; so, if he tell us his noble deeds, we must also tell him our noble acceptance of them. Ingratitude is monstrous, and for the multitude to be ingrateful, were to make a monster of the multitude ; of the which we being members, shoulH bring ourselves to be monstrous members. 14 152 Unaching. Painless ; to be forgotten therefore. Cp. iii. 3, 52 : ** scars to move laughter only." 154 Their breath. Their voices for my election. 156 Our pic^'pose to them. What we propose to them. 161 * That the consulship he sues for should be theirs to give.* I Once. Once for all. So Com. of Err. iii. i, 89 — " Once this." 5 A power that we have no power to do. A right that we cannot exercise. Legally, we can ; morally, we cannot. Scene 3] CORIOLANUS 49 First Cit. And to make us no better thought of, a little help will serve ; for once we stood up about the corn, he himself stuck not to call us the many-headed multitude. Third Cit. We have been called so of many ; not that our heads are some brown, some black, some auburn, some bald, but that our wits are so diversely coloured : and truly I think if all our wits were to issue out of one skull, they would fly east, west, north, south, and their consent of one direct way should be at once to all the points o' the compass. 26 Sec. Cit. Think you so ? Which way do you judge my wit would fly ? Third Cit. Nay, your wit will not so soon out as another man's will ; 'tis strongly wedged up in a block- head, but if it were at liberty, 'twould, sure, southward. Sec. Cit. Why that way? Third Cit. To lose itself in a fog, where being three parts melted away with rotten dews, the fourth would return for conscience sake, to help to get thee a wife. Sec. Cit. You are never without your tricks ; you may, you may. 39 Third Cit. Are you all resolved to give your voices ? But that's no matter, the greater part carries it. I say, if he would incline to the people, there was never a worthier man. [Enter CORIOLANUS tn a gown of humility, with Menenius. Here he comes, and in the gown of humility: mark his beha- viour. We are not to stay all together, but to come by him where he stands, by ones, by twos, and by threes. He's 16 For, Because. 18 The many-headed multitude. The ttolkIXov kuI x6\vKi, He's coming. Bru. How accompanied .^ JEd. With old Menenius, and those senators That always favoured him. Sic. Have you a catalogue Of all the voices that we have procured Set down by the poll } Mt>. I have ; 'tis ready. lO Sic. Have you collected them by tribes .? -^D. I have. Sic. Assemble presently the people hither ; And when they hear me say ' It shall be so, I' the right and strength o^ the commons,' be it either For death, for fine, or banishment, then let them, If I say fine, cry ' Fine ;' if death, cry ^ Death.' •I Charge him home. See ii. 2, 107, note, 4 On the Antiates. Cp. **I will get me honour upon Pharaoh and all his host. " 10 By the poll. By the head, viritim. 14 /' the right, etc. In the right and strength of the com- mons we demand it. Scene 3] CORIOLANUS 8l Insisting on the old prerogative And power i* the truth o' the cause. ^D. I shall inform them. Bru. And when such time they have begun to cry, Let them not cease, but with a din confused 20 Enforce the present execution Of what we chance to sentence. ^D. Very well. Sic. Make them be strong and ready for this hint, When we shall hap to give 't them. Bru. . Go about it. [Exi/ ^dile. Put him to choler straight : he hath been used Ever to conquer, and to have his worth Of contradiction : being once chafed, he cannot Be rein'd again to temperance ; then he speaks What's in his heart ; and that is there w"hich looks With us to break his neck. Sic. Well, here he comes. 30 Enfer CORIOLANUS, Menenius, and Cominius, wM Senators and Patricians. Men. Calmly, I do beseech you. Cor. Ay, as an ostler, that for the poorest piece Will bear the knave by the volume. The honoured gods Keep Rome in safety, and the chairs of justice Supplied with worthy men ! plant love among 's ! Throng our large temples with the shows of peace, And not our streets with war ! First Sen. Amen, amen. Men. a noble wish. Re-enter .^dile, with Citizens. Sic. Draw near, ye people. 17 'Insisting on their prerogative and on the justice of their cause. ' The old prerogative^ cp. ii. 3, 1 76, 7tote. 19 Such time. Having got their cue from us. 26 To have his worth ^contradiction. Not to have the worst of the quarrel ; to give as good as he gets. 29 That is there which looksy etc. There is that in his heart — the ungovernable disposition of the man — which means, (goes about, makes as if, ) to combine with us for his destruction. To break his neck. Hurl him from the Tarpeian rock. 33 Will bear the knave by the volume. Let you call him knave by the volume : bear volumes of abuse. 82 CORIOLANUS [Act III -^D. List to your tribunes. Audience ! peace, I say ! 40 Cor. First, hear me speak. Both Tri. Well, say. Peace, ho ! Cor. Shall I be charged no further than this present ? Must all determine"^ here? Sic. I do demand, If you submit you to the people's voices, Allow* their officers and are content To suffer lawful censure for such faults As shall be proved upon you ? Cor. I am content. Men. Lo, citizens, he says he is content : The warlike service he has done, consider ; think Upon the wounds his body bears, which show* 50 L ike graves i' the holy churchyard. Cor. " Scratches with briers, Scars to move laughter only. Men. Consider further, That when he speaks not like a citizen. You find him like a soldier : do not take His rougher accents for malicious sounds, But, as I say, such as become a soldier, Rather than envy"^ you. Com. Well, well, no more. Cor. What is the matter That being passed for consul with full voice, I am so dishonoured that the very hour 60 You take it off again ? Sic. Answer to us. Cor. Say, then : 't is true, I ought so. Sic. We charge you, that you have contrived to take From Rome all seasoned office and to wind Yourself into a power tyrannical ; For which you are a traitor to the people. 42 No farther than this present. What I see here — is this my final trial? 51 Graves i' the holy churchyard. Cp. ii. 3, 64, "our divines." 55 Accents. Theobald's correction again : actions Ff. 57 Envy you. Express dislike of you. 61 Take it off again. The consular dignity, with wliich you had invested me. ib. Answer to us. You to us, not we to you. 64 Seasoned — like wood, by time. Wind, insinuate. Scene 3] CORIOLANUS 83 Cor. How ! traitor ! Men. Nay, temperately ; your promise. Cor. The fires i' the lowest hell fold-in the people ! Call me their traitor ! Thou injurious tribune ! Within thine eyes sat twenty thousand deaths, 70 In thy hands clutched as many millions, in Thy lying tongue both numbers, I would say ' Thou liest' unto thee with a voice as free As I do pray the gods. Sic. Mark you this, people ? Citizens. To the rock, to the rock with him ! Sic. Peace ! We need not put new matter to his charge : What you have seen him do and heard him speak, Beating your officers, cursing yourselves, Opposing laws with strokes and here defying Those whose great power must try him ; even this, 80 So criminal and in such capital kind. Deserves the extremest death. Bru. But since he hath Served well for Rome, — Cor. What do you prate of service? Bru. I talk of that, that know it. Cor. You? Men. Is this the promise that you made your mother? Com. Know, I pray you, — Cor. 1 11 know no further ; Let them pronounce the steep Tarpeian death, Vagabond exile, flaying, pent to linger But with a grain a day, I would not buy 90 Their mercy at the price of one fair word ; Nor check my courage for what they can give, 68 Fold-in. Enfold, enwrap. 70 Sat. Conditional, * did there sit.' 71 Clutched. Participle. *Thy hands clutching as many millions more : ' as thunderbolts. 84 / talk of that. The demonstrative pronoun should have been followed by a relative agreeing with it. He seems about to launch out : then, checking himself, adds simply, * who know it : ' i.e. who know what serving Rome well means. 89 Pent to linger. Let them sentence me to die slow in a dungeon. 92 To check my courage. As above, 1. 28, "he cannot be reined again to temperance." 84 CORIOLANUS [Act III To have 't with saying ' Good morrow/ Sic. For that he has, As much as in him lies, from time to time Envied against the people, seeking means To pluck away their power, as now at last Given hostile strokes, and that not in the presence Of dreaded justice, but on the ministers That do distribute it ; in the name o' the people And in the power of us the tribunes, we, lOO Even from this instant, banish him our city, In peril of precipitation From off the rock Tarpeian never more To enter our Rome gates : i' the people's name, I say it shall be so. Citizens. It shall be so, it shall be so ; let him away : He's banished, and it shall be so. Com. Hear me, my masters, and my common friends, — Sic. He's sentenced ; no more hearing. Com. Let me speak : I have been consul, and can show for Rome no Her enemies' marks upon me. I do love My country's good with a respect more tender. More holy and profound, than mine own life, My dear wife's estimate, her womb's increase. And treasure of my loins ; then if I would Speak that — Sic. We know your drift : speak what ? Bru. There 's no more to be said, but he is banish'd, As enemy to the people and his country : It shall be so. Citizens. It shall be so, it shall be so. Cor. You common cry of curs ! whose breath I hate As reek"^ o' the rotten fens, whose loves I prize 121 93 To have V. On condition of having it, if I might have it. 97 Given. Understand he has. ib. Not in the presence, etc. Say not in the presence of justice — that were to state the crime too weakly — but on the ministers themselves of justice. See sc. 6, 1. 71, note. 108 My comijion frie7tds. Friends, all of you. no For Theobald : j^^w Ff. Dr. Delius suggests 'fore Rome. 1 14 Estimate. Worth ; the rate at which I value her. 120 You cojnmon cry. Consonant pack. Scene 3] CORIOLANUS 85 As the dead carcasses of unburied men That do corrupt my air, I banish you ; And here remain with your uncertainty ! Let every feeble rumour shake your hearts ! Your enemies, with nodding of their plumes, Fan you into despair ! Have the power still To banish your defenders ; till at length Your ignorance, which finds not till it feels, Making but reservation of yourselves, 130 Still your own foes, deliver you as most Abated captives to some nation That won you without blows ! Despising, For you, the city, thus I turn my back : There is a world elsewhere. [Exetmt CORIOLANUS, COMINIUS, Menenius, Senators, a7td Patricians. ^D. The people's enemy is gone, is gone ! Citizens. Our enemy is banished ! he is gone ! Hoo ! hoo ! {Shoutings and Ihrowing up their caps. Sic. Go, see him out at gates, and follow him, As he hath followed you, with all despite ; Give him deserved vexation. Let a guard 140 Attend us through the city. Citizens. Come, come ; let 's see him out at gates ; come. The gods preserve our noble tribunes ! Come. {Exeunt 123 I banish you. Cp. Rich. IL i. 3, 279 — "Think not the king did banish thee, But thou the king." 129 Which finds not till it feels. Your folly, which only suffering instructs : which only learns wisdom when it is too late. 130 Making but reservation of yourselves. Banishing your defenders, the nobles, one by one, till you yourselves remain alone. Capell, whom most editors have followed, altered but into not. The meaning is then * not sparing even yourselves. ' But Coriolanus says that the mischief is just this : that they spare none but themselves, their own worst enemies. 132 Abated, Humbled, dispirited. From ahattre^ to cast down. 86 CORIOLANUS [Act IV ACT IV. SCENE I. — Rome. Before a gate of the city. Enter Coriolanus, Volumnia, Virgilta, Menenius, COMINIUS, with the young Nobility of Rome, Cor. Come, leave your tears : a brief farewell : the beast With many heads butts me away. Nay, mother, Where is your ancient courage ? you were used To say extremity was the trier of spirits ; That common chances common men could bear; That when the sea was calm all boats alike Show'd mastership in floating ; fortune's blows. When most struck home — being gentle, wounded, craves A noble cunning^ : you were used to load me With precepts that would make invincible lo The heart that conn'd them. ViR. O heavens ! O heavens ! Cor. Nay, I prithee, woman, — Vol. Now the red pestilence strike all trades in Rome, And occupations perish ! Cor. What, what, what ! I shall be loved when I am lack'd. Nay, mother, Resume that spirit, when you were wont to say, If you had been the wife of Hercules, Six of his labours you ^Id have done, and saved Your husband so much sweat. Cominius, Droop not ; adieu. Farewell, my wife, my mother : 20 I '11 do well yet. Thou old and true Menenius, I The beast with many heads. Cp. ii. 3, 18, note. 7 Fortune's blows^ etc. But that, when Fortune's blows are most struck home, then — in one so wounded — to be gentle craves a cunning (a skill, a mastery) impossible save to noble natures. The construction of the sentence is irregular : * Fortune's cruellest blows — to bear them gently craves,' &c. 8 Home. See ii. 2, 107, note. 13 The red 'bestilence. So Tempest i. 2, 364: "The red plague rid you : " and Tro. and Cress, ii. I, 20 : "A red murrain o' thy jade's tricks." 16 That spirit ^ when — the spirit of the time when. . Scone 1] CORIOLANUS 87 Thy tears are Salter than a younger man's, And venomous to thine eyes. My sometime general, I have seen thee stern, and thou hast oft beheld Heart-hardening spectacles ; tell these sad women 'T is fond"^ to wail inevitable strokes, As 't is to laugh at 'em. My mother, you wot well My hazards still have been your solace : and BeHeve't not lightly — though I go alone, Like to a lonely dragon, that his fen 30 Makes fear'd and talked of more than seen — your son Will or exceed the common or be caught With cautelous* baits and practice."^ Vol. My first son, Whither wilt thou go ? Take good Cominius With thee awhile : determine on some course, More than a wild exposure to each chance That starts i' the way before thee. Cor. O the gods ! Com. I '11 follow thee a month, devise with thee Where thou shalt rest, that thou mayest hear of us And we of thee : so if the time thrust forth 40 A cause for thy repeal,"^ we shall not send O'er the vast world to seek a single man, And lose advantage, which doth ever cool r the absence of the needer. Cor. Fare ye well : Thou hast years upon thee ; and thou art too full Of the wars' surfeits, to go rove with one That 's yet unbruised : bring me but out at gate. 22 Thy tears are Salter, etc. He is touched by the sight of Menenius' sorrow — keener than the sorrow of a younger man. 30 His fen, etc. Men fear him and talk of him, but cannot come where he is. 32 Or be caught, etc. He may be caught in a trap ; strength against strength, he is invincible. 33 First. First-born. 36 More. Something more definite. 40 Thrust forth — as a plant new shoots. 43 Lose advantage. Lose the opportunity, not knowing where to find you, who need and alone can use it. — Doth ever cool. The iron cools, unstruck. 46 Of the war's surfeits. What warriors surfeit on — ^fatigues of war. 88 CORIOLANUS [Act IV Come, my sweet wife, my dearest mother, and My friends of noble touch, when I am forth, Bid me farewell, and smile. I pray you, come. 50 ^ While I remain above the ground, you shall Hear from me still, and never of me aught But what is like me formerly. Men. That 's worthily As any ear can hear. Come, let 's not weep. If I could shake off but one seven years From these old arms and legs, by the good gods, I 'Id with thee every foot. Cor. Give me thy hand : Come. [Exeunt. SCE N E 1 1. — The same. A street near the gate. Enter SICINIUS, Brutus, and an ^dile. Sic. Bid them all home; he's gone, and we'll no further. The nobility are vex'd, whom we see have sided In his behalf. Bru. Now we have shown our power, Let us seem humbler after it is done Than when it was a-doing.* Sic. Bid them home : Say their great enemy is gone, and they Stand in their ancient strength. Bru. Dismiss them home. {Exit iEdile. Here comes his mother. Sic. Let 's not meet her. Bru. Why.? Sic. They say she's mad. Bru. They have ta'en note of us : keep on your way. 10 49 Of noble touch. Tried and found noble. So Spenser F. Q, ii. 4, 40 : ** A knight of wondroi'^^ power and great assay : " and i. 2, 13, *' Purfled with gold and y<\r\ of rich assay.*' 53 Like mefoi'inerly. Like my former self. 2 Whom we see have sided — (have sided, infinitive mood). Ungrammatical now, not when Shakspere wrote. We say, arbitrarily, *whom we see side,' but *whom we see to have sided. ' Scene 2] CORIOLANUS 89 Enter Volumnia, Virgilia, and Menenius. Vol. O ye 're well met : the hoarded plague o' the gods Requite your love 1 Men. Peace, peace ; be not so loud. Vol. If that I could for weeping, you should hear, — Nay, and you shall hear some. \To Brutus] Will you be gone ? ViR. \To SiCiNiUS] You shall stay too : I would I had the power To say so to my husband. Sic. Are you mankind ? Vol. Ay, fool; is that a shame? Note but this fool. Was not a man my father ? Hadst thou foxship To banish him that struck more blows for Rome Than thou hast spoken words ? Sic. O blessed heavens ! Vol. Moe"'^ noble blows than ever thou wise words ; And for Rome's good. 1 11 tell thee what ; yet go : Nay, but thou shalt stay too : I would my son Were in Arabia, and thy tribe before him, His good sword in his hand. Sic. What then.? ViR. What then ! He 'Id make an end of thy posterity. Vol. Bastards and all. Good man, the wounds that he does bear for Rome ! Men. Come, come, peace. II The hoarded plague of the gods. Cp. Lear ii. 4, 164: "All the stored vengeances of heaven." 16 Are you mankind "i *Are you viragos?' So Winter's Tale ii. 3, 67 : ** A mankind witch ! " Dr. Delius quotes from Fletcher's Woman Hater ^ "Are women grown so mankind ? must they be wooing?" (where mankind = bold. ) Mr. Singer quotes from Hall (Epigram against Marston, 1597) — ** I asked physicians what their counsel was For a mad dog or for a mankind ass." 17 Is that a shame 1 — to be human .? Mistaking, or affecting to mistake, his meaning. 18 Hadst thou foxship, etc. Fool that you are — ^how were j^« fox enough to banish from Rome Rome's greatest soldier ? 22 Yet go. She will leave it unsaid : then — once more changing her mind — "Nay, but you shall stay." Too — * after all,'= * and yet I see reasons too why you should stay.* 24 Thy tribe — contemptuously : not in the Roman sense. 90 CORIOLANUS LAct IV Sic. I would he had continued to his country 30 As he began, and not unknit himself The noble knot he made. Bru. I would he had. Vol. *I would he hadM 'Twas you incensed the rabble : Cats, that can judge as fitly of his worth As I can of those mysteries which heaven Will not have earth to know. Bru. Pray, let us go. Vol. Now, pray, sir, get you gone : You have done a brave deed. Ere you go, hear this : — As far as doth the Capitol exceed The meanest house in Rome, so far my son — 40 This lady's husband here, this, do you see — Whom you have banish'd, does exceed you all. Bru. Well, well, we 11 leave you. Sic. Why stay we to be baited"^ With one that wants her wits ? Vol. Take my prayers with you, [Exeunt Tribunes. I would the gods had nothing else to do But to confirm my curses ! Could I meet 'em But once a-day, it would unclog"^ my heart Of what lies heavy to 't. Men. You have told them home ; And, by my troth, you have cause. You'll sup with . me? Vol. Anger 's my meat ; I sup upon myself, 50 And so shall sterve*^ with feeding. Come, let's go : Leave this faint puling and lament as I do, In anger, Juno-like. Come, come, come. Men. Fie, fie, fie ! [Exeunt. 32 The noble knot. The knot of noble service that bound him to his countrymen. 43 To be baited with one that wants her wits. Baited, as it were, with a mad dog. The bull is baited by the huntsmen, with the dogs. 46 ■ Meet 'em. Meet the tribunes, and curse them. 48 Told thei7i home. Told them some home -truths. Cp. ii. 2, 107, note. Scene 3] CORIOLANUS 91 SCENE III. — A highway between Rome and Antiwn, Enter a Roman a7td a Volsce, meeting, Rom. I know you well, sir, and you know me : your name, I think, is Adrian. Vols. It is so, sir : truly, I have forgot you. Rom. I am a Roman ; and my services are, as you are, against 'em : know you me yet ? Vols. Nicanor? no. ROM. The same, sir. 7 Vols. You had more beard when I last saw you ; but your favour"^ is well appeared by your tongue. What's the news in Rome? I have a note from the Volscian state, to find you out there : you have well saved me a day's journey. ROM. There hath been in Rome strange insurrections ; the people against the senators, patricians, and nobles. Vols. Hath been ! is it ended, then ? Our state thinks not so : they are in a most warlike preparation, and hope to come upon them in the heat of their division. 19 Rom. The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it flame again : for the nobles receive so to heart the banishment of that worthy Coriolanus, that they are in a ripe aptness to take all power from the people and to pluck from them their tribunes for ever. This lies glowing, I can tell you, and is almost mature for the violent breaking out. Vols. Coriolanus banished ! Rom. Banished, sir. 29 Vols. You will be welcome with this intelligence, Nicanor. Rom. The day serves well for them now. Your noble TuUus Aufidius will appear well in these wars, his great opposer, Coriolanus, being now in no request of his country. 38 9 Your favour is well appeared by your tongue. * Now that you tell me who you are, I recognise your face. ' Appeared— apparent : it has appeared and is now unmistakeable. Cp. above, iii. l, 292 : *' her t/^j^;^^^ children : " and Othello ii. 3, 188 : "How comes it, Michael, you are thus forgot?" Lear i. I, 275 : *' Your professed bosoms." Most editors alter the word. 32 For the?n. For your state ; implicitly mentioned by the Volscian, when he said, "You will be welcome." 92 CORIOLANUS [Act IV Vols. He cannot choose. I am most fortunate, thus accidentally to encounter you : you have ended my busi- ness, and I will merrily accompany you home. Rom. I shall, between this and supper, tell you most strange things from Rome ; all tending to the good of their adversaries. Have you an army ready, say you ? Vols. A most royal one ; the centurions and their charges, distinctly billeted, already in the entertainment,"^ and to be on foot at an hour's warning. 50 Rom. I am joyful to hear of their readiness, and am the man, I think, that shall set them in present action. So, sir, heartily well met, and most glad of your company. Vols. You take my part from me, sir ; I have the most cause to be glad of yours. Rom. Well, let us go together. {Exeunt. SCENE IV. — AntiMin. Before Aufidius's hotise. Enter Coriolanus in mean apparel, disguised and muffled. Cor. a goodly city is this Antium. City, t 'T is I that made thy widows : many an heir Of these fair edifices 'fore my wars Have I heard groan and drop : then know me not, Lest that thy wives with spits and boys with stones In puny battle slay me. Enter a Citizen. Save you, sir. CiT, And you. Cor, Direct me, if it be your will, Where great Aufidius lies : is he in Antium ? CiT. He is, and feasts the nobles of the state At his house this night. 48 Their charges. Their companies. Distinctly, each com- pany by itself. 49 In the entertaininent. Receiving their pay, though they have not yet taken the field. 55 You take my part from me. To be glad that we met is for me, not for you. 3 ^Fore my wars. Many an one who before my wars was heir. S Lies. Is quartered, lodged^ Scene 5] CORIOLANUS 93 Cor. Which is his house, beseech you ? 10 CiT. This, here before you. Cor. Thank you, sir ; farewell. [Exit Citizen. world, thy slippery turns ! Friends now fast sworn, Whose double bosoms seem to wear one heart, . Whose house, whose bed, whose meal, and exercise, Are still together, who twin, as 't were, in love Unseparable, shall within this hour, On a dissension of a doit,"^ break out To bitterest enmity : so, fellest foes. Whose passions and whose plots have broke their sleep To take the one the other, by some chance, 20 Some trick not worth an egg, shall grow dear friends And interjoin their issues. So with me : My birth-place hate I, and my love 's upon This enemy town. I ^11 enter ; if he slay me, He does fair justice ; if he give me way, 1 '11 do his country service. [Exit, SCENE Y^—The same, A hall in Aufidius's house. Music withi7z. Enter a Servingman. First Serv. Wine, wine, wine ! What service is here ! I think our fellows are asleep. \Exii, Enter a second Servingman. Sec. Serv. Where 's Cotus ? my master calls for him. Cotus ! [Exit, Enter CORIOLANUS. Cor. a goodly house : the feast smells well ; but I Appear not like a guest. 12 O world, thy slippery turns ! O the changes in this slippery world — too slippery for firm standing 1 15 Who twin. Who pair like twins together. 17 On a dissension of a doit, Cp. ii. i, 80. *'The con- troversy of three pence. " 21 So7ne trick not worth an egg. Some freak of fortune, some accident, worthless in itself. 22 Inte7'join their issues. Intermarry their children. 23 Hate Capell conj. have Ff. 94 CORIOLANUS [Act IV Re-enter the first Servingman. First Serv. What would you have, friend ? whence are you? Here's no placefor you : pray,go to the door. {Exit. Cor. I have deserved no better entertainment, In being Coriolanus. II Re-enter second Servingman. Sec. Serv. Whence are you, sir? Has the porter his eyes in his head, that he gives entrance to such com- panions ?'^ Pray, get you out. Cor. Away ! Sec. Serv. ^ Away ! ' get you away. Cor. Now thou Vt troublesome. Sec. Serv. Are you so brave ? I '11 have you talked with anon."^ Enter a third Servingman. The first meets hiin. Third Serv. What fellow's this? 20 First Serv. A strange one as ever I looked on : I cannot get him out o' the house : prithee, call my master to him. [Retires, Third Serv. What have you to do here, fellow ? Pray you, avoid"^ the house. Cor. Let me but stand ; I will not hurt your hearth. Third Serv. What are you ? Cor. a gentleman. Third Serv. A marvellous poor one. 30 Cor. True, so I am. Third Serv. Pray you, poor gentleman, take up some other station ; here 's no place for you ; pray you, avoid : come. Cor. Follow your function, go, and batten on cold bits. [Pushes hi?n away. Third Serv. What, you will not? Prithee, tell my master what a strange guest he has here. [Exit, Sec. Serv. And I shall. Third Serv. Where dwellest thou ? 40 Cor. Under the canopy. Third Serv. Under the canopy ! Cor. Ay. 35 Batten on cold bits. Cp. Cymb. ii. 3, 119 — ' ' One bred of alms and foster'd with cold dishes. With scraps o' the court. " Scene 6] CORIOLANUS 95 Third Serv. Where 's that ? Cor. F the city of kites and crows. Third Serv. V the city of kites and crows ! What an ass it is ! Then thou dwellest with daws too ? Cor. No, I serve not thy master. Third Serv. How, sir ! do you meddle with my master ? 51 Cor. Thou pratest, and pratest ; serve with thy trencher, hence ! [Beats Imn away. £xit t/iird Ser\mgm.2in. Enter Aufidius with the second Servingman. AUF. Where is this fellow .? Sec. Serv. Here, sir : I 'Id have beaten him like a dog, but for disturbing the lords within. {Retires. AUF. Whence comest thou? what wouldst thou.^ thy name? Why speak'st not ? speak, man : what's thy name ? Cor. If, Tullus, \Unmuffli71g. 60 Not yet thou knowest me, and, seeing me, dost not Think me for the man I am, necessity Commands me name myself. AUF. What is thy name ? Cor. a name unmusical to the Volscians' ears. And harsh in sound to thine. AUF. Say, what 's thy name ? Thou hast a grim appearance, and thy face Bears a command in 't ; though thy tackle 's torn. Thou show'st^ a noble vessel : what's thy name ? Cor. Prepare thy brow to frown : know'st thou me yet ? AuF. I know thee not : thy name ? 70 Cor. My name is Caius Marcius, who hath done To thee particularly and to all the Volsces Great hurt and mischief; thereto witness may My surname, Coriolanus ; the painful service. The extreme dangers and the drops of blood Shed for my thankless country are requited But with that surname ; a good memory,"^ And witness of the malice and displeasure 47 Then thou divellest tvith daws too .? Cp. I Henry VI. ii. 4, 18. ** I am no wiser than a daw." 51 Meddte tvith my master. Insult him, pick a quaiTel with hun. 96 CORIOLANUS [Act IV Which thou shouldst bear me : only that name remains ; The cruelty and envy of the people, 80 Permitted by our dastard nobles, who Have all forsook me, hath devoured the rest ; And suffered me by the voice of slaves to be Whoop'd out of Rome. Now this extremity Hath brought me to thy hearth ; not out of hope — Mistake me not — to save my life, for if I had fear'd death, of all the men i' the world I would have Voided thee, but in mere spite, To be full quit"^ of those my banishers. Stand I before thee here. Then if thou hast 90 A heart of wreak-^ in thee, that wilt revenge Thine own particular wrongs and stop those maims Of shame seen through thy country, speed thee straight, And make my misery serve thy turn : so use it That my revengeful services may prove As benefits to thee, for I will fight Against my cankered country with the spleen Of all the under fiends. But if so be Thou darest not this and that"^ to prove more fortunes Thou 'rt tired, then, in a word, I also am lOO Longer to live most weary, and present My throat to thee and to thy ancient malice ; Which not to cut would show thee but a fool. Since I have ever follow'd thee with hate, Drawn tuns of blood out of thy country's breast, And cannot live but to thy shame, unless It be to do thee service. AUF. O Marcius, Marcius ! Each word thou hast spoke hath weeded from my heart A root of ancient envy. If Jupiter 91 That wilt. A confusion between * that will' and *and wilt.' 92 Those maims of shame seen through thy country. The gap- ing wounds made through thy country's honour. Cp. Rich. III. V. 5, 40 : *' Now civil wounds are stopped, peace lives again." 97 Cankered— w\i.^\)i\&^ with tribunes or envy — unsound at heart : so, ill-conditioned. Cp. I Henry IV. i. 3, 137 : "This ingrate and cajtkered Bolingbroke," and again, i, 176, **This thorn, \}ci\% canker, Bolingbroke." 98 Under. Infernal : fiends of the under-world. 99 To prove mo7'e fortunes. To try thy fortune any more. Scenes] CORIOLANUS 97 Should from yond cloud speak divine things, no And say * Tis true/ I 'Id not believe them more Than thee, all noble Marcius. Let me twine Mine arms about that body, whereagainst My grained ash an hundred times hath broke. And scarr'd the moon with splinters : here I clip* The anvil of my sword, and do contest As hotly and as nobly with thy love As ever in ambitious strength I did Contend against thy valour. Know thou first, I loved the maid I married ; never man 120 Sigh'd truer breath ; but that I see thee here. Thou noble thing ! more dances my rapt heart Than when I first my wedded mistress saw Bestride my threshold. Why, thou Mars ! I tell thee, We have a power on foot ; and I had purpose Once more to hew thy target from thy brawn, Or lose mine arm for't : thou hast beat me out Twelve several times, and I have nightly since Dreamt of encounters 'twixt thyself and me ; We have been down together in my sleep, 130 Unbuckling helms, fisting each other's throat, . And waked half dead with nothing. Worthy Marcius, Had we no quarrel else to Rome, but that Thou art thence banish'd, we would muster all From twelve to seventy, and pouring war Into the bowels of ungrateful Rome, Like a bold flood o'er-bear. O, come, go in, And take our friendly senators by the hands ; Who now are here, taking their leaves of me, 114 Ash. Ashen spear. Grained. Rough, showing the grain. So Com. of Err. v. i, 311 : "This grained face." 115 And sca7'red the moon with splinte7's. Cp. Winter's Tale iii* 3> 93 • ** Now the ship boring the moon with her mainmast." Some editors read scared. 116 The aitvil of my sword. Coriolaniis, on whom "he had formerly laid as heavy blows as a smith strikes on his anvil." — Steevens : who quotes from Hamlet (ii. 2, 511,) "And never did the Cyclops' hammers fall On Mars's armour, &c." 126 Thy target fro77i thy brawn. Thy shield from thine arm. 127 Beat vie out. * Out of the game,' ' out of the field * — ^so * thoroughly,' 'out and out.' 137 Cerbear. Overturn, carry all before us. 9$ CORIOLANUS [Act IV Who am prepared against your territories, 140 Though not for Rome itself. Cor. You bless me, gods ! AuF. Therefore, most absolute sir, if thou wilt have The leading of thine own revenges, take The one half of my commission ; and set down — As best thou art experienced, since thou know'st Thy country's strength and weakness, — thine own ways ; Whether to knock against the gates of Rome, Or rudely visit them in parts remote. To fright them, ere destroy. But come in : Let me commend thee first to those that shall 150 Say yea to thy desires. A thousand welcomes ! And more a friend than e'er an enemy ; Yet, Marcius, that was much. Your hand : most welcome ! [Exeunt CORIOLANUS ^;/^ AUFiDius. The two Serv- ingmen come forward. First Serv. Here's a strange alteration ! Sec. Serv. By my hand, I had thought to have strucken him with a cudgel ; and yet my mind gave me his clothes made a false report of him. First Serv. What an arm he has ! he turned me about with his finger and his thumb, as one would set up a top. 161 Sec. Serv. Nay, I knew by his face that there was something in him : he had, sir, a kind of face, methought, — I cannot tell how to term it. First Serv. He had so ; looking as it were — would I were hanged, but I thought there was more in him than I could think. Sec Serv. So did I, I '11 be sworn : he is simply the rarest man i' the world. First Serv. I think he is : but a greater soldier than he you wot on. 171 Sec. Serv. Who, my master ? First Serv. Nay, it 's no matter for that. Sec. Serv. Worth six on him. First Serv. Nay, not so neither : but I take him to be the greater soldier. 142 Absolute. Consummate. 157 Gave me = * Misgave me. * Scenes] CORIOLANUS 99 Sec. Serv. Faith, look you, one cannot tell how to say that : for the defence of a town, our general is excellent. First Serv. Ay, and for an assault too. 180 Re-enter third Servingman. Third Serv. O slaves, I can tell you news, — news, you rascals ! First AND Sec. Serv. What, what, what? Let's partake. Third Serv. I would not be a Roman, of all nations ; I had as lieve* be a condemned man. . First and Sec. Serv. Wherefore 1 wherefore ? Third Serv. Why, here 's he that was wont to thwack our general, Caius Marcius. First Serv. Why do you say 'thwack ourgeneraF? 191 Third Serv. I do not say 'thwack our general' ; but he was always good enough for him. Sec. Serv. Come, we are fellows and friends : Ke was ever too hard for him ; I have heard him say so himself. First Serv. He was too hard for him, directly to say the troth on 't : before Corioli he scotched him and notched him like a carbonado."^ Sec. Serv. An*^ he had been cannibally given, he might have broiled and eaten him too. 201 First Serv. But, more of thy news.? Third Serv. Why, he is so made on here within, as if he were son and heir to Mars ; set at upper end o' the table ; no question asked him by any of the senators, but they stand bald before him : our general himself makes a mistress of him ; sanctifies himself with's hand and turns up the white o' the eye to his discourse. But the bottom of the news is, our general is cut i' the middle and but one half of what he was yesterday ; for the other has half, by the entreaty and grant of the whole table. He '11 go, he says, and sowl"^the porter of Rome gates by the ears : he will mow all down before him, and leave his passage polled."^ 215 Sec. Serv. And he's as like to do't as any man I can imagine. Third Serv. Do 't ! he will do 't ; for, look you, sir, he has as many friends as enemies ; which friends, sir, as 208 Sanctifies himself with 'j hand. Touches his hand devoutly, as a holy thing. 215 Leave his passage polled. Leave all bare behind him» TOO CORIOLANUS [Act IV it were, durst not, look you, sir, show themselves, as we term it, his friends whilst he's in directitude. 222 First Serv. Directitude ! what's that? Third Serv. But when they shall see, sir, his crest up again, and the man in blood, they will out of their burrows, like conies after rain, and revel all with him. First Serv. But when goes this forward ? Third Serv. To-morrow ; to-day ; presently ; you shall have the drum struck up this afternoon : 't is, as it were, a parcel of their feast, and to be executed ere they wipe their lips. 232 Sec. Serv. Why, then we shall have a stirring world again. This peace is nothing, but to rust iron, increase tailors, and breed ballad-makers. First Serv. Let me have war, say I ; it exceeds peace as far as day does night; it's spritely, waking, audible, and i"ull of vent.* Peace is a very apoplexy, lethargy ; mulled, deaf, sleepy, insensible. 245 Sec. Serv. Ay, and it makes men hate one another. Third Serv. Reason ; because they then less need one another. The wars for my money. I hope to see Romans as cheap as Volscians. They are rising, they are rising. All. In, in, in, in ! {^Exeunt. SCENE VI . — Ro7ite. A public place. Enter SICINIUS a7id BRUTUS. Sic. We hear not of him, neither need we fear him ; His remedies are tame i' the present peace 222 Whilst he 'j in directitude. Holds straight on the way prescribed to him, like a beast submitting to be driven. The word is no doubt an intentionally clumsy coinage (whether from direct or from direction) on the pattern oi rectitude. 225 In blood. See i. i, 163, note. 238 Waking: Pope conj. Walking Ff. — Full of vent. Of excitement, letting off of steam, freedom of utterance. 239 Mulled. " Softened and dispirited, as wine is when burnt and sweetened." — Hanmer. 247 Reason — and reason good : no wonder. 2 His remedies a^^ tame, etc. Let him do his worst : he is harmless, so long as the people, lately so turbulent, are orderly and contented, and give his friends no pretext for recalling him. Scene 6] CORIOLANUS lOl And quietness of the people, which before Were in wild hurry. Here do we make his friends Blush that the world goes well, who rather had, Though they themselves did suffer by 't, behold Dissentious numbers pestering streets than see Our tradesmen singing in their shops and going About their functions friendly. Bru. We stood to 't in good time. [Enter Menenius.] Is this Menenius .-^ lo Sic. 'T is he, 't is he : O, he is grown most kind Of late. Both Tri. Hail, sir ! Men. Hail to you both ! Sic. Your Coriolanus is not much miss'd, But with his friends : the commonwealth doth stand ; And so would do, were he more angry at it. Men. Airs well ; and might have been much better, if He could have temporized. Sic. Where is he, hear you ? Men. Nay, I hear nothing : his mother and his wife Hear nothing from him. Enter three or four Citizens. Citizens. The gods preserve you both ! Sic. God-den, our neighbours. 20 Bru. God-den to you all, god-den to you all. First Cit. Ourselves, our wives, and children, on our knees. Are bound to pray for you both. Sic. Live, and thrive ! Bru. Farewell, kind neighbours : we wished Coriolanus Had loved you as we did. Citizens. Now the gods keep you ! Both Tri. Farewell, farewell. {Exeunt Citizens. Sic. This is a happier and more comely time Than when these fellows ran about the streets. Crying confusion. Bru. Caius Marcius was A worthy officer i^ the war ; but insolent, 30 4 ^^r^=: hereby. 5 Blush that the world goes zvell. Perceive with shame that the world can go on, and go on well, without him. ib. Rather had . . . behold. We say * had rather.' 102 CORIOLANUS [Act IV Overcome with pride, ambitious past all thinking, Self-lovingj — Sic. And affecting one sole throne, Without assistance. Men. I think not so. Sic. We had by this, to all our lamentation. If he had gone forth consul, found it so. Bru. The gods have well prevented it, and Rome Sits safe and still without him. Enter an ^dile. ^D. Worthy tribunes, There is a slave, whom we have put in prison, Reports, the Vol sees with two several powers Are entered in the Roman territories, 40 And with the deepest malice of the war Destroy what lies before ^em. Men. 'T is Aufidius, Who, hearing of our Marcius' banishment, Thrusts forth his horns again into the world ; Which were inshelFd when Marcius stood for Rome, And durst not once peep out. Sic. Come, what talk you Of Marcius ? Bru. Go see this rumourer whippM. It cannot be The Volsces dare break with us. Men. Cannot be ! We have record that very well it can, And three examples of the like have been 50 Within my age. But reason with the fellow, Before you punish him, where he heard this. Lest you shall chance to whip your information And beat the messenger who bids beware Of what is to be dreaded. Sic. Tell not me : I know this cannot be. Bru. Not possible. Enter a Messenger. Mess. The nobles in great earnestness are going 33 One sole throne, without assistance. To reign alone and absolute. 35 To all our lamentation. To the sorrow of all of us. Scene 6] CORIOLANUS 103 All to the senate-house : some news is come That turns their countenances. Sic. 'T is this slave ; — Go whip him 'fore the people's eyes : — his raising ; 60 Nothing but his report. Mess. Yes, worthy sir, The slave's report is seconded ; and more, More fearful, is deliver'd. Sic. What more fearful ? Mess. It is spoke freely out of many mouths — How probable I do not know — that Marcius, Join'd with Aufidius, leads a power 'gainst Rome, And vows revenge as spacious as between The young'st and oldest thing. Sic This is most likely ! Bru. Raised only, that the weaker sort may wish Good Marcius home again. Sic. The very trick on 't. 70 Men. This is unlikely : He and Aufidius can no more atone* Than violentest contrariety. Enter a secoitd Messenger. Sec. Mess. You are sent for to the senate : A fearful army, led by Caius Marcius Associated with Aufidius, rages Upon our territories ; and have already O'erborne their way, consumed with fire, and took What lay before them. Enter COMiNius. Com. O, you have made good work ! Men. What news ? what news ? 80 Com. You have holp To melt the city leads upon your pates. To see your wives dishonour'd to your noses, — Men. What 's the news ? what 's the news ? 59 Turns their countenances, makes them change colour. 67 Revenge as spacious^ etc. Revenge that shall embrace all, from the youngest to the oldest. 73 Than contrariety— zzxi become agreement ; than con- traries can agree. 7S Overborne their way. Have irresistibly made way. 104 CORIOLANUS [Act IV Com. Your temples burned in their cement, and Your franchises, whereon you stood, confined Into an auger's bore. Men. Pray now, your news ? You have made fair work, I fear me. — Pray, your news ? — If Marcius should bejoin'd with Volscians, — Com. If! He is their god : he leads them like a thing 90 Made by some other deity than nature, That shapes man better ; and they follow him, Against us brats, with no less confidence Than boys pursuing summer butterflies, Or butchers killing flies. Men. You have made good work, You and your apron-men ; you that stood so much Upon the voice of occupation and The breath of garlic-eaters ! Com. He will shake Your Rome about your ears. Men. As Hercules Did shake down mellow fruit. You have made fair work ! Bru. But is this true, sir ? loi Com. Ay ; and you'll look pale Before you find it other. All the regions Do smilingly revolt ; and who resist Are mock'd for valiant ignorance. And perish constant fools.* Who is 't can blame him ? Your enemies and his find something in him. 85 Burn' din their cement. In for into : the very walls pene- trated and crumbled by the fire. Cement, with the accent on , the first syllable, as Ant. and Cle. ii. i, 48 ; iii. 2, 29. 86 Whereon yoti stood — against Coriolanus. ib. Confined into an auger's bore. Confined by the conquerors within narrowest limits ; shut up in an auger-hole. 96 Stood. Insisted, laid stress. 97 Occupation, trade, = mechanics, artisans : as above, iv. 1, 14. 99 As easily as Hercules shook down the golden apples of the Hesperides. 105 Constant. Valiant, unflinching. ib. Who is V can blame him ? What wonder he prefers enemies who appreciate him to fellow-citizens who could find only harm in him ? Scene 6] CORIOLANUS I05 Men. We are all undone, unless The noble man have mercy. Com. Who shall ask it ? The tribunes cannot do 't for shame ; the people Deserve such pity of him as the wolf no Does of the shepherds : for his best friends, if they Should say * Be good to Rome,' they charged him even As those should do that had deserved his hate, And therein showed* like enemies. Men. 'T is true : If he were putting to my house the brand That should consume it, I have not the face To say ^ Beseech you, cease.' You have made fair hands, You and your crafts ! you have crafted fair ! Com. You have brought A trembling upon Rome, such as was never So incapable of help. Both Tri. Say not we brought it. 120 Men. How ! Was it we ! we loved him ; but, like beasts And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters, Who did hoot him out o' the city. Com. But I fear They '11 roar him in again. Tullus Aufidius, The second name of men, obeys his points As if he were his officer : desperation Is all the policy, strength and defence, That Rome can make against them. Enter a troop of Citizens. Men. Here come the clusters. 112 — 114 Charged . . . showed. Conditional. They would be urging the same petition with his enemies, the tribunes ; so would themselves appear like enemies. 117 You have made fair hands — ironically, *You have not soiled your hands at all ! ' 119 A trembling, etc. A panic, the like of which — so desperate as this is — never was. [Or we might read, referring so incapable of help to Rome, such as Hwas never: such as = such that, a usage not ungrammatical when Shakspere wrote.] 122 Your clusters. The swarms that follow you. 124 Roar him in again. Bring him in with howling and lamentation. 125 Obeys his points. Exactly does all points of his command. I06 CORIOLANUS [Act IV And is Aufidius with him ? You are they That made the air unwholesome, when you cast 130 Your stinking greasy caps in hooting at Coriolanus' exile. Now he 's coming ; And not a hair upon a soldier's head Which will not prove a whip : as many coxcombs As you threw caps up will he tumble down, And pay you for your voices. 'T is no matter ; If he could burn us all into one coal, We have deserved it. Citizens. Faith, we hear fearful news. First Cit. For mine own part, When I said, banish him, I said, 't was pity. 140 Sec. Cit. And so did I. Third Cit. And so did I ; and, to say the truth, so did very many of us : that we did, we did for the best ; and though we willingly consented to his banishment, yet it was against our will. Com. Ye 're goodly things, you voices ! Men. You have made Good work, you and your cry ! Shall 's to the Capitol ? Com. O, ay, what else ? {Exeunt Cominius ^/^^Menenius. Sic. Go, masters, get you home ; be not dismay'd: 150 These are a side that would be glad to have This true which they so seem to fear. Go home. And show no sign of fear. First Cit. The gods be good to us ! Come, masters, let 's home. I ever said we were i' the wrong when we banished him. Sec. Cit. So did we all. But, come, let 's home. \Exeu7it Citizens. Bru. I do not like this news. Sic. Nor I. Bru. Let's to the Capitol. Would half my wealth 160 Would buy this for a lie ! Sic. Pi'ay, let us go. {Exeunt, 134 Coxcombs. Fools' heads. \ f ' ^ i ' > 149 You and your cry. To the Tribunes, *you and your pack.' Scene 7] CORIOLANUS 107 SCENE VII. — A camp, at a small distance from Rome, Enter Aufidius and his Lieutenant. AUF. Do they still fly to the Roman 1 Lieu. I do not know what witchcraft 's in him, but Your soldiers use him as the grace 'fore meat, Their talk at table, and their thanks at end ; And you are darkened in this action, sir, Even by your own. AUF. I cannot help it now, Unless, by using means, I lame the foot Of our design. He bears himself more proudlier, Even to my person, than I thought he would When first I did embrace him : yet his nature 10 In that's no changeling ; and I must excuse What cannot be amended. Lieu. Yet I wish, sir, — I mean for your particular,"^ — you had not Join'd in commission with him ; but either Had borne the action of yourself, or else To him had left it solely. AUF. I understand thee well ; and be thou sure, When he shall come to his account, he knows not What I can urge against him. Although it seems, And so he thinks, and is no less apparent 20 To the vulgar eye, that he bears all things fairly, And shows good husbandry for the Volscian state, Fights dragon-like, and does achieve as soon As draw his sword ; yet he hath left undone That which shall break his neck or hazard mine, Whene'er we come to our account. Lieu. Sir, I beseech you, think you he '11 carry Rome ? AUF. All places yield to him ere he sits down ; And the nobility of Rome are his : The senators and patricians love him too : 30 15 Had borne the action. Rem gessisses : as i. i, 274, "Had borne the business : " and 1. 21, "bears all things fairly." 22 Husbandry. Care. 28 —57 Coleridge says of this speech : * ' I have always thought this in itself so beautiful speech the least explicable from the mood and full intention of the speaker of any in the whole works of Shakspere." So much however is clear, that it contains two thoughts: *Rome will open her gates to Coriolanus,' (this at io8 CORIOLANUS [Act IV The tribunes are no soldiers ; and their people Will be as rash in the repeal,"^ as hasty To expel him thence. I think he '11 be to Rome As is the osprey to the fish, who takes it By sovereignty of nature. First he was A noble servant to them ; but he could not Carry his honours even : whether 't was pride, Which out of daily fortune ever taints The happy man ; whether defect of judgment, To fail in the disposing of those chances 40 Which he was lord of ; or whether nature, Not to be other than one thing, not moving From the casque to the cushion, but commanding peace Even with the same austerity and garb As he controird the war ; but one of these — As he hath spices of them all, not all, For I dare so far free him — made him fear'd, So hated, and so banish'd : but he has a merit, length : then, briefly, resuming his former train of thought), ' but, when he is flushed with triumph, then I will accuse him to the Volscians.' The latter part of the speech is very difficult — perhaps corrupt. 28 Sits down. Lays siege to them. 34 As is the osprey to the fish. As fish, overcome by fear, are said to surrender themselves to the osprey. Steevens quotes from Peele's Battle of Alcazar (1594): " I will provide thee with a princely osprey, That, as she flieth over fish in pools, The fish shall turn their glittering bellies up, And thou sbalt take thy liberal choice of all." 36 Could not carry his honours even. Could not balance til em ; like an ill-adjusted burthen, they bore him to the ground. 39 Defect of judginent, etc. Want of tact in using the opportunities he had gained. 42 Not to be other than one thing. Unable in the city to lay aside the imperious bearing proper to the camp. 46 Spices , . . 7zot all. Not the fault — only a touch of it, a taste. 48 But he has a merits etc. He did noble service as a soldier: and, though as a statesman, promoted for his service in the wars, he fell into disgrace, yet, confronted with the transcendent merit of the man, (which only waits its opportunity, war not peace) the very name of his fault must stick in the throats of his accusers. Scene?] CORIOLANUS 109 To choke it in the utterance. So our virtues Lie in the interpretation of the time : 50 And power, unto itself most commendable, ^ Hath not a tomb so evident as a chair To extol what it hath done. One fire drives out one fire ; one nail, one nail ; Rights by rights fouler, strengths by strengths do fail. Come, let 's away. When, Caius, Rome is thine, Thou art poor'st of all ; then shortly art thou mine. [^Exetmt, ACT V. SCENE l.—Rome. A piiblic place. Enter Menenius, Cominius, Sicinius, Brutus, and others. Men. No, I '11 not go : you hear what he hath said Which was sometime his general ; who loved him In a most dear particular.^ He calFd me father : But what o' that ? Go, you that banish'd him ; 49 So our virtues, eic. Our virtues are virtues no longer if the time interprets them as none. The soldier who is all soldier is misinterpreted in time of peace : for his unfitness for peace is seen, his fitness for war is not seen. So Coriolanus — the power he had won in war but wielded in peace, conscious of having de- served well, could io itself commend itself, but the chair of authority, which irritated the people by seeming to do nothing else but commend his past exploits to thein, proved just the tomb — the evident, inevitable tomb — that swallowed up the power it was intended to display. So he offended the Romans when he had taken Corioli : much more he will offend the Volscians when he has taken Rome. 54 One fire drives out one fi^'e, etc. ''Even as one heat another heat expels, Or as one nail by strength drives out another," (Two Gent, of Ver. ii. 4, 192. Cp. Rom. and Jul. i. 2, 46 ; Jul. Caes. iii. i, 171 ; K. John iii. I, 277:) so, says Aufi- dius, when the time is ripe, will I drive out him — his rights with my rights, his strength with my strength. Fouler has been altered in a variety of ways, but may after all be right, and is at least as good as the conjectures. The meaning seems to be — * Rights yield to rights — often the fairer to the fouler, when strength yields to strength ; ' * It is the superior strength, not the better right, that wins.' Aufidius (as in Act i. Sc. 2) confesses his own base- ness. no CORIOLANUS [Act V A mile before his tent fall down, and knee The way into his mercy : nay, if he coy'd To hear Cominius speak, I '11 keep at home. Com* He would not seem to know me. Men. Do you hear? Com. Yet one time he did call me by my name : I urged our old acquaintance, and the drops lo That we have bled together. Coriolanus He would not answer to : forbad all names ; He was a kind of nothing, titleless, Till he had forged himself a name o' the fire Of burning Rome. Men. Why, so : you have made good work ! A pair of tribunes that have rack'd"^ for Rome, To make coals cheap, — a noble memory ! Com. I minded him how royal 't was to pardon When it was less expected : he replied, It was a bare petition of a state ' 20 To one whom they had punish'd. Men. Very well : Could he say less ? Com. I offer'd to awaken his regard For 's private friends : his answer to me was, He could not stay to pick them in a pile Of noisome musty chaff, he said 't was folly, For one poor grain or two, to leave unburnt, And still to nose the offence. Men. For one poor grain or two ! r I am one of those ; his mother, wife, his child, j And this brave fellow too, we are the grains : 30 You are the musty chaff ; and you are smelt Above the moon : we must be burnt for you. 6 Coyd. Listened with cold reserve. Commonly, of the re- serve of affected modesty. 16 Have racked for Rome, etc. **Have been such good stewards for the Roman people, as to get their houses burned over their heads, to save them the expense of coals." — Steevens. 20 It was a bare petition, etc. ' Considering whence it was, and to whom addressed, could I not adorn it with eloquence — clothe it at least with decency of better reasons ? ' 26 He said V was folly, etc. Relative understood ; ' which he said it was folly to leave unburnt. ' 28 Offence. Nuisance, Scene 1] CORIOLANUS lU Sic. Nay, pray, be patient : if you refuse your aid In this so-never-needed help, yet do not Upbraid 's with our distress. But, sure, if you Would be your country's pleader, your good tongue, More than the instant army we can make, Might stop our countryman. Men. No, I '11 not meddle. Sic. Pray you, go to him. Men. What should I do ? Bru. Only make trial what your love can do 40 For Rome, towards Marcius. Men. Well, and say that Marcius R)eturn me, as Cominius is returned. Unheard ; what then ? But as a discontented friend, grief-shot With his unkindness ? say 't be so ? Sic. Yet your good will Must have that thanks from Rome, after the measure As you intended well. Men. I '11 undertake 't : I think he '11 hear me. Yet, to bite his lip And hum at good Cominius, much unhearts me. He was not taken well ; he had not dined : (5^ The veins unfill'd, our blood is cold, and then We pout upon the morning, are unapt To give or to forgive ; but when we have stufif'd These pipes and these conveyances of our blood With wine and feeding, we have suppler souls Than in our priest-like fasts : therefore I '11 watch him Till he be dieted to my request. And then I '11 set upon him. Bru. You know the very road into his kindness, And cannot lose your way. Men. Good faith, I '11 prove him, 60 34 So -nrjer -needed. Needed as never was help needed before. 44 Grief-shot. Bearing away in my heart the grievous shaft of his unkindness. 46 That thanks, etc. Such gratitude as shall be according to the measure of your good intentions. 50 He was not taken well. Cominius did not go to him at a propitious moment. 57 Dieted to my request. In the humour, having dined, to hear me. 112 CORIOLANUS [ActV Speed how it will. I shall ere long have knowledge Of my success. [Exz^. Com. He '11 never hear him. Sic. Not ? Com. I tell you, he does sit in gold, his eye Red as 't would burn Rome ; and his injury The gaoler to his pity. I kneel'd before him ; 'T was very faintly hie said ^ Rise ; ' dismiss'd me Thus, with his speechless hand : what he would do, He sent in writing after me, what he would not — Bound with an oath, to yield to his conditions : So that all hope is vain, 70 Unless his noble mother, and his wife ; Who, as I hear, mean to solicit him For mercy to his country. Therefore, let 's hence. And with our fair entreaties haste them on. [^Exeunt. SCENE n. — Entrance of the Volscia7i camp before Rome, Two Sentinels 07i guard. Enter to thejn, Menenius. First Sen. Stay : whence are you 1 Sec. Sen. Stand, and go back. Men. You guard like men ; 't is well : but, by your leave, I am an officer of state, and come To speak with Coriolanus. First Sen. From whence? 6 1 Speed how it tvill : {let it speed — my proving him :) however he receives me, I will not be discouraged, but go on till I have sounded him. I shall soon know what my success is. 63 In gold. '*He was set in his chair of state, with a marvellous and unspeakable majesty." — North's Plutarch. Steevens comp. Henry VIII. i. I, 19: **A11 clinquant, all in gold, like heathen gods." 64 His iftjury. Remembrance of the wrong that he has suffered. 67 What he would do, etc. Sent after me, in writing, what he would, what he would not, consent to do ; confirming this with an oath which only our acceptance of his terms can cancel. Cp. Sc. 3, 12-17. — With the construction "An oath to yield," cp. iv. 7, 48, 52 : '*a merit, to choke it," "a chair to extol." 71 His mother and wife are our only hope. Scene 2] CORIOLANUS 113 Men. From Rome. First Sen. You may not pass, you must return : our general Will no more hear from thence. Sec. Sen. You'll see your Rome embraced with fire before You '11 speak with Coriolanus. Men. Good my friends, If you have heard your general talk of Rome, And of his friends there, it is lots to blanks, 10 My name hath touch'd your ears : it is Menenius. First Sen. Be it so ; go back : the virtue of your name Is not here passable."^ Men. I tell thee, fellow, Thy general is my lover : I have been The book of his good acts, whence men have read His fame unparallel'd, haply amplified ; For I have ever verified my friends, Of whom he 's chief, with all the size that verity Would without lapsing suffer : nay, sometimes, Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground, 20 I have tumbled past the throw ; and in his praise Have almost stamp'd the leasing"^ : therefore, fellow, I must have leave to pass. First Sen. Faith, sir, if you had told as many lies in his behalf as you have uttered words in your own, you should not pass here ; no, though it were as virtuous to lie as to live chastely. Therefore, go back. . 10 Lots of blanks. Seems to be a colloquial expression for a certainty ; * No question here of drawing a prize — the thing is as certain as drawing a ticket.^ Lots = bla^iks + prizes, 13 Ls not here passable. Cannot pass (or procure you passage) here. 17 / have ever verified, etc. I have always told the truth about my friends' good acts — always the whole truth — sometimes perhaps a little more than the truth. 20 A subtle groimd. So sloped as to require delicate play, deceptive, hard to calculate. 22 Have almost stamped the leasing. In my eagerness to praise him have scarcely checked myself from giving currency to the falsehood — letting it go forth stamped with my authority. H 114 CORIOLANUS [Act V Men. Prithee, fellow, remember my name is Menenius, always factionary on the party of your general. 3 1 Sec. Sen. Howsoever you have been his liar, as you say you have, I am one that, telling true under him, must say, you cannot pass. Therefore, go back. Men. Has he dined, canst thou tell ? for I would not speak with him till after dinner. First Sen. You are a Roman, are you ? Men. I am, as thy general is. 39 First Sen. Then you should hate Rome, as he does. Can you, when you have pushed out your gates the very defender of them, and, in a violent popular ignorance, given your enemy your shield, think to front his revenges with the easy groans of old women, the virginal palms of your daughters, or with the palsied intercession of such a decayed dotant"^ as you seem to be ? Can you think to blow out the intended fire your city is ready to flame in, with such weak breath as this ? No, you are deceived ; therefore, back to Rome, and prepare for your execution : you are condemned, our general has sworn you out of re- prieve and pardon. 54 Men. Sirrah, if thy captain knew I were here, he would use me with estimation. Sec. Sen. Come, my captain knows you not. Men. I mean, thy general. First Sen. My general cares not for you. Back, I say, go ; lest I let forth your half-pint of blood ; back, — that^s the utmost of your having"^ : back. Men. Nay, but, fellow, fellow, — EnUr CORIOLANUS and AUFIDIUS. COR. What 's the matter ? 64 Men. Now, you companion,"^ Pll say an errand for you : you shall know now that I am in estimation ; you 31 Factionary. Always a partisan in party struggles, and on your general's side. 44 Fronts confront : — easy, ready, at command : — virginal pilms, hands of maidens lifted in supplication. 65 I'll say an errand for you^ You shall hear how I can say what I was sent to say. Scene 2] CORIOLANUS riS shall perceive that a Jack guardant cannot office me from my son Coriolaniis : guess, but by my entertainment with him, if thou standest not i' the state of hanging, or of some death more long in spectatorship, and crueller in suffering ; behold now presently, and swoon for what 's to come upon thee. [To Cor.] The glorious gods sit in hourly synod about thy particular prosperity, and love thee no worse than thy old father Menenius does ! O my son, my son ! thou art preparing -fire for us ; look thee, here 's water to quench it. I was hardly moved to come to thee ; but, being assured none but myself could move thee, I have been blown out of your gates with sighs ; and conjure t^ee to pardon Rome, and thy petitionary countrymen. The good gods assuage thy wrath, and turn the dregs of it upon this varlet here, — this, who, like a block, hath denied my access to thee. 85 Cor. Away ! Men. How ! away ! Cor. Wife, mother, child, I know not. My affairs Are servanted to others : though I owe"^ My revenge properly, my remission lies 90 In Volscian breasts. That we have been familiar, Ingrate forgetfulness shall poison, rather Than pity note how much. Therefore, be gone. Mine ears against your suits are stronger than Your gates against my force. Yet, for I loved thee. Take this along ; I writ it for thy sake, [Gives a letter. And would have sent it. Another word, Menenius, I will not hear thee speak. This man, Aufidius, Was my beloved in Rome : yet thou behold'st ! AUF. You keep a constant temper. 100 [Exeunt CORIOLANUS aitd AUFIDIUS. First Sen. Now, sir, is your name Menenius 1 Sec. Sen. 'T is a spell, you see, of much power : you know the way home again. 67 A Jack g7iardant. Contemptuously, ' a Jack on guard. * So Mer. of Ven. iii. 4, 77: "these bragging Jacks : " Much Ado i. I, 186: "the flouting Jack.'* Steevens compares "a term still in use — a Jack in office ; Le. one who is as proud of his petty consequence as an exciseman." 89 Though I owe, etc. The Volscians have charged me with the execution of my own revenge ; it is mine therefore to execute, but not to remit. Ii6 CORIOLANUS [Act V First Sen. Do you hear how we are shent^ for keep- ing your greatness back ? Sec. Sen. What cause, do you think, I have to swoon.-* Men. I neither care for the world nor your general : for such things as you, I can scarce think there 's any, ye 're so slight.-^ He that hath a will to die by himself fears it not from another : let your general do his worst. For you, be that you are, long ; and your misery increase with your age ! I say to you, as I was said to, Away ! 114 First Sen. A noble fellow, I warrant him. Sec. Sen. The worthy fellow is our general : he's the rock, the oak not to be wind-shaken. [Exetmt. SCENE III.— 7:^^ /^;^/^/ CORIOLANUS. Enter CORIOLANUS, AUFIDIUS, and others. . Cor. We will before the walls of Rome to-morrow Set down our host. My partner in this action, You must report to the Volscian lords, how plainly I have borne this business. AUF. Only their ends You have respected ; stopp'd your ears against The general suit of Rome ; never admitted A private whisper, no, not with such friends That thought them sure of you. Cor. This last old man, Whom with a crack'd heart I have sent to Rome, Loved me above the measure of a father ; lO Nay, godded me, indeed. Their latest refuge Was to send him ; for whose old love I have. Though I show'd"^ sourly to him, once more offer'd The first conditions, which they did refuse And cannot now accept ; to grace him only That thought he could do more, a very little 1 have yielded to : fresh embassies and suits. Nor from the state nor private friends, hereafter Will I lend ear to. Ha ! what shout is this.^ {Shout within. Shall I be tempted to infringe my vow 20 In the same time 't is made t I will not. Enter ^ in motirniiig habits^ ViRGiLi A, VOLUMNIA, leading young Marcius, VALERIA, a7id Attendants. My wife comes foremost ; then the honour'd mould Scene 3] CORIOLANUS 117 Wherein this trunk was framed, and in her hand The grandchild to her blood. But, out, affection ! All bond and privilege of nature, break ! Let it be virtuous to be obstinate. What is that curf sy worth ? or those doves' eyes, Which can make gods forsworn ? I melt, and am not Of stronger earth than others. My mother bows ; As if Olympus to a molehill should 30 In supphcation nod : and my young boy Hath an aspect of intercession, which Great nature cries ^ Deny not.' Let the Volsces Plough Rome, and harrow Italy ; 1 11 never Be such a gosling to obey instinct, but stand, As if a man were author of himself And knew no other kin. ViR. My lord and husband ! Cor. These eyes are not the same I wore in Rome. ViR. The sorrow that delivers us thus changed Makes you think so. Cor. Like a dull actor now, 40 I have forgot my part, and I am out, Even to a full disgrace. Best of my flesh, Forgive my tyranny ; but do not say For that ^ Forgive our Romans.' O, a kiss Long as my exile, sweet as my revenge ! Now, by the jealous queen of heaven, that kiss I carried from thee, dear ; and my true lip Hath virgin'd it e'er since. You gods ! I prate, And the most noble mother of the world Leave unsaluted : sink, my knee, i' the earth ; \Kneels, 50 Of thy deep duty more impression show Than that of common sons. Vol. O, stand up blest ! Whilst, with no softer cushion than the flint, 27 What is thai curfsy woj'th ? Rebuking his own weakness. 39 * It is the change that sorrow has wrought in us, which makes you think you see us with other eyes than formerly.' 44 For that. In answer, prayer for prayer. 46 That kiss I carried from thee. I give you back the kiss you gave me when we parted. 48 Vi7'giiid it. Played the virgin. So ii. 3, 128, "fool it ; " and elsewhere, "queen it," "duke it," &c. ib. Prate Theobald conj. pray Ff. Ii8 CORIOLANUS [Act V I kneel before thee ; and improperly Show duty, as mistaken all this while Between the child and parent. {Kneels, Cor. What is this ? Your knees to me ? to your corrected son ? Then let the pebbles on the hungry beach Fillip the stars ; then let the mutinous winds Strike the proud cedars Against the fiery sun ; 60 Murdering impossibility, to make What cannot be, slight work. Vol. Thou art my warrior ; I holp to frame thee. Do you know this lady 1 Cor. The noble sister of Publicola, The moon of Rome, chaste as the icicle That's curdied"^ by the frost from purest snow And hangs on Dian's temple : dear Valeria ! Vol. This is a poor epitome of yours, Which by the interpretation of full time May show"^ like all yourself. Cor. The god of soldiers, 70 With the consent of supreme Jove, inform Thy thoughts with nobleness ; that thou mayst prove To shame unvulnerable, and stick i' the wars Like a great sea-mark, standing every flaw,"^ And saving those that eye thee ! Vol. Your knee, sirrah. Cor. That 's my brave boy 1 Vol. Even he, your wife, this lady, and myself, Are suitors to you. Cor. I beseech you, peace : Or, if you 'Id ask, remember this before : 55 Mistaken all this while. Mistakenly till now supposed due, not from parent to child, but from child to parent. 57 Corrected. Rebuked by the sight. 61 Murdei'iizg impossibility — let nothing be impossible any more. 68 A poor epitome ofyou7's. Johnson proposed to read * of you : ' which however is implied in epitome, {of yotirs being possessive :) 'an abridgment, which, with time's commentary, may grow to th6 full proportions of its original, yourself. ' 76 That V 7ny brave boy. It has been suggested that the boy refuses to kneel and that Coriolanus admires his courage. But 'brave ' of course means 'good.' Scene 3] CORIOLANUS 119 The thing I have forsworn to grant may never 80 Be held by you denials. Do not bid me Dismiss my soldiers, or capitulate"^ Again with Rome's mechanics : tell me liot Wherein I seem unnatural : desire not To allay my rages and revenges with Your colder reasons. Vol. O, no more, no more ! You have said you will not grant us any thing ; For we have nothing else to ask, but that Which you deny already : yet we will ask ; That, if you fail in our request, the blame 90 May hang upon your hardness : therefore hear us. Cor. Aufidius, and you Volsces, mark ; for we 11 Hear nought from Rome in private. Your request ? Vol. Should we be silent and not speak, our raiment And state of bodies would bewray"^ what life We have led since thy exile. Think with thyself How more unfortunate than all living women Are we come hither : since that thy sight, which should Make our eyes flow with joy, hearts dance with comforts, Constrains them weep and shake with fear and sorrow ; Making the mother, wife and child to see loi The son, the husband and the father tearing His country's bowels out. And to poor we Thine enmity's most capital : thou barr'st us Our prayers to the gods, which is a comfort That all but we enjoy ; for how can we, Alas, how can we for our country pray. Whereto we are bound, together with thy victory, Whereto we are bound ? alack, or we must lose The country, our dear nurse, or else thy person, no Our comfort in the country. We must find An evident calamity, though we had 80 Forsworn to grant. Sworn not to grant. 81 Denials. The plural is colloquial. Cp. i. 3, 112: "To make it brief wars:" iv. 3, 13: "There hath been strange insurrections." 90 Fail in our request. Fail us where we seek your succour. 94 Volumnia's speech is taken, almost verbatim, from North's Plutarch. 103 To poor zve. As if the epithet gave the pronoun a right to go undeclined, as for example in As You Like It, iii. 2, 10. 120 CORIOLANUS • [Act V Our wish, which side should win ; for either thou Must, as a foreign recreant,"^ be led With manacles through our streets, or else Triumphantly tread on thy country's ruin, And bear the palm for having bravely shed Thy wife and children's blood. For myself, son, I purpose not to wait on fortune till These wars determine .-"^ if I cannot persuade thee I20 Rather to show a noble grace to both parts Than seek the end of one, thou shalt no sooner March to assault thy country than to tread — Trust to 't, thou shalt not — on thy mother's womb, That brought thee to this world. ViR. Ay, and mine, That brought you forth this boy, to keep your name Living to time. Young Mar. A' shall not tread on me ; I '11 run away till I am bigger, but then I '11 fight. Cor. Not of a woman's tenderness to be. Requires nor child nor woman's face to see. 130 I have sat too long. {Rising. Vol. Nay, go not from us thus. If it were so that our request did tend To save the Romans, thereby to destroy The Volsces whom you serve, you might condemn us, As poisonous of your honour : no ; our suit Is, that you reconcile them : while the Volsces May say * This mercy we have show'd ;' the Romans, ' This we received ;' and each in either side Give the all-hail to thee, and cry ^ Be blest For making up this peace !' Thou know'st, great son, 140 The end of war's uncertain, but this certain, That, if thou conquer Rome, the benefit Which thou shalt thereby reap is such a name, Whose repetition will be dogg'd with curses ; Whose chronicle thus writ : ' The man was noble. But with his last attempt he wiped it out ; Destroy'd his country, and his name remains To the ensuing age abhorr'd.' Speak to me, son : Thou hast affected the fine strains'^ of honour, 125 World. Pronounced as two syllables. Cp. i. I, 195, wt»/^. 149 Fine strains of honour. Touches, traits of the heroic ; a more than ordinary, almost more than human, elevation and magnificence of nature. Scene 3] CORIOLANUS 121 To imitate the graces of the gods ; ^ 150 To tear with thunder the wide cheeks o' the air, And yet to charge thy sulphur with a bolt That should but rive an oak. Why dost not speak ? Think'st thou it honourable for a noble man Still to remember wrongs ? Daughter, speak you : He cares not for your weeping. Speak thou, boy : Perhaps thy childishness will move him more Than can our reasons. There 's no man in the world More bound to 's mother ; yet here he lets me prate Like one i' the stocks. Thou hast never in thy life 160 Showed thy dear mother any courtesy, When she, poor hen, fond of no second brood. Has cluck'd thee to the wars and safely home, Loaden with honour. Say my request 's unjust, And spurn me back : but if it be not so, Thou art not honest ; and the gods will plague thee. That thou restrain^st from me the duty which To a mother's part belongs. He turns away : Down, ladies ; let us shame him with our knees. To his surname Coriolanus 'longs more pride 170 Than pity to our prayers. Down : an end ; This is the last : so we will home to Rome, And die among our neighbours. Nay, behold 's : This boy, that cannot tell what he would have, But kneels and holds up hands for fellowship. Does reason our petition with more strength Than thou hast to deny 't. Come, let us go : This fellow had a Volscian to his mother ; His wife is in Corioli and his child Like him by chance. Yet give us our dispatch : 1 80 150 To imitate, etc. To be strong gracefully as the gods are strong, whose strength is force, not violence — omnipotence wielded by absolute will — able to rend the universe, yet charged to rend an oak. 153 Why dost not speak 1 You who have so affected noble- ness — is this noble ? 160 Like one V the stocks — as ineffectually. 172 So, with this : if this our last petition fails. 179 * His child is not his child.' Theobald proposed to read this child. 180 * We are going : there is no more for us to say : it only remains for you to bid us go. ' 122 CORIOLANUS [Act V I am hush'd until our city be a-fire, And then I '11 speak a little. [^He holds her by the hand, silettt. Cor. O mother, mother ! What have you done ? Behold, the heavens do ope, The gods look down, and this unnatural scene They laugh at. O my mother, mother ! O ! You have won a happy victory to Rome ; But, for your son, — believe it, O, believe it, Most dangerously you have with him prevail'd, If not most mortal to him. But, let it come. Aufidius, though I cannot make true wars, 190 I '11 frame convenient peace. Now, good Aufidius, Were you in my stead, would you have heard A mother less .^ or granted less, Aufidius .? AUF. I was moved withal. Cor. I dare be sworn you were : And, sir, it is no little thing to make Mine eyes to sweat compassion. But, good sir, What peace you '11 make, advise me : for my part, I '11 not to Rome, I '11 back with you ; and pray you, Stand to me in this cause. O mother ! wife ! AUF. [Aside.] I am glad thou hast set thy mercy and thy honour At difference in thee : out of that I '11 work 201 Myself a former fortune. [The Ladies make signs to CORIOLANUS. Cor. Ay, by and by ; [To VOLUMNI A, ViRGlLIA, &c. But we will drink together ; and you shall bear A better witness back than words, which we, On like conditions, will have counter-seal'd. Come, enter with us. Ladies, you deserve To have a temple built you : all the swords In Italy, and her confederate arms, Could not have made this peace. [Exeunt. 209 192 The emphasis on you causes it to occupy the time of two syllables. Cp. i. i, 220, note. 202 A for7nei' fortune. Such fortune as I possessed before I renounced a share of my power in favour of Coriolanus. 203 But we zuill drink together. But first Aufidius and I will meet, and discuss the terms to be offered. 204 Which we, etc. An agreement, written and subscribed by us — to the terms of which the Romans, on their part, must signify consent. Scene 4] CORIOLANUS 123 SCENE W.—Roine. A public place. Enter Menenius a7id Sicinius. Men. See you yond coign "^ o' the Capitol, yond corner- stone ? Sic. Why, what of that ? Men. If it be possible for you to displace it with your little finger, there is some hope the ladies of Rome, especially his mother, may prevail with him. But I say there is no hope in 't : our throats are sentenced and stay upon execution. Sic. Is 't possible that so short a time can alter the con- dition"^ of a man ? 10 Men. There is differency between a grub and a butter- fly ; yet your butterfly was a grub. This Marcius is grown from man to dragon : he has wings ; he 's more than a creeping thing. Sic. He loved his mother dearly. Men. So did he me : and he no more remembers his mother now than an eight-year-old horse. The tartness of his face sours ripe grapes : when he walks, he moves like an engine, and the ground shrinks before his tread- ing : he is able to pierce a corslet with his eye ; talks like a knell, and his hum is a battery. He sits in his state,"* as a thing made for Alexander. What he bids be done is finished with his bidding. He wants nothing of a god but eternity and a heaven to throne in. 26 Sic. Yes, mercy, if you report him truly. Men. I paint him in the character. Mark what mercy his mother shall bring from him : there is no more mercy in him than there is milk in a male tiger ; that shall our poor city find : and all this is long of you. Sic. The gods be good unto us ! Men. No, in such a case the gods will not be good unto us. When we banished him, we respected not them ; and, he returning to break our necks, they respect not us. Enter a Messenger. Mess. Sir, if you 'Id save your life, fly to your house : 23 A thing made for Alexander. An image of him. 28 In the character. To the life. 124 CORIOLANUS [Act V The plebeians have got your fellow-tribune And hale him up and down, all swearing, if 40 The Roman ladies bring not comfort home, They 11 give him death by inches. Enter a second Messenger. Sic. What 's the news ? Sec. Mess. Good news, good news ; the ladies have prevailed. The Volscians are dislodged, and Marcius gone : A merrier day did never yet greet Rome, No, not the expulsion of the Tarquins. Sic. Friend, Art thou certain this is true ? is it most certain ? Sec. Mess. As certain as I know the sun is fire : Where have you lurk'd, that you make doubt of it t Ne'er through an arch so hurried the blown tide, 50 As the recomforted through the gates. Why, hark you ! {Trumpets; hautboys; drums beat; all together. The trumpets, sackbuts, psalteries, and fifes, Tabors and cymbals and the shouting Romans, Make the sun dance. Hark you ! {A shout within. Men. This is good news : I will go meet the ladies. This Volumnia Is worth of consuls, senators, patricians, A city full ; of tribunes, such as you, A sea and land full. You have prayed well to-day : This morning for ten thousand of your throats I Id not have given a doit. Hark, how they joy ! 60 {Music stilly with shouts. Sic. First, the gods bless you for your tidings ; next, Accept my thankfulness. Sec. Mess. Sir, we have all Great cause to give great thanks. Sic. They are near the city t Sec. Mess. Almost at point to enter. Sic. We will meet them. And help the joy. [Exeunt, 50 Blown, Driven before the wind. Scene 5] CORIOLANUS 125 SCENE V. — The smne, A street near the gate. Enter two Senators with VOLUMNIA, ViRGiLiA, Valeria, &c. passing over the stage, followed by Patricians, and others. First Sen. Behold our patroness, the life of Rome ! Call all your tribes together, praise the gods, And make triumphant fires ; strew flowers before them : Unshout the noise that banish'd Marcius, Repeal"^ him with the welcome of his mother ; Cry ' Welcome, ladies, welcome ! ' All. Welcome, ladies, Welcome ! \A flourish with drums and trumpets. Exeunt. S CE N E VI. — A ntium, A public place. Enter Tullus Aufidius, with Attendants. AUF. Go tell the lords o' the city I am here : Deliver them this paper : having read it, Bid them repair to the market-place ; where I, Even in theirs and in the commons' ears. Will vouch the truth of it. Him I accuse The city ports "^ by this hath enter'd and Intends to appear before the people, hoping To purge himself with words : dispatch. {Exeunt Attendants. Enter three or four Conspirators of Aufibivs^ faction. Most welcome ! First Con. How is it with our general .^^ AuF. Even so 10 As with a man by his own alms empoison'd, And with his charity slain. Sec, Con. Most noble sir, If you do hold the same intent wherein You wish'd us parties, we 'U deliver you Of your great danger. 4 Unshout the noise. Annul the former noise with shouts of welcome to his mother. 5 Him 1 accuse. The converse of the Greek * attraction ' — antecedent in case of omitted relative. So As You Like It, i. i, 46 : "Him I am before.'* 176 CORIOLANUS [Act V AUF. Sir, 1 cannot tell : We must proceed as we do find the people. Third Con. The people will remain uncertain whilst 'Twixt you there 's difference ; but the fall of either Makes the survivor heir of all. AUF. I know it ; And my pretext to strike at him admits 20 A good construction. I raised him, and I pawn'd Mine honour for his truth : who being so heightened, He water'd his new plants with dews of flattery, Seducing so my friends ; and, to this end. He bow'd his nature, never known before But to be rough, unswayable and free. Third Con. Sir, his stoutness When he did stand for consul, which he lost By lack of stooping, — AuF. That I would have spoke of : Being banish'd for 't, he came unto my hearth ; 30 Presented to my knife his throat : I took him ; Made him joint-servant with me ; gave him way In all his own desires ; nay, let him choose Out of my files, his projects to accomplish. My best and freshest men : served his designments In mine own person ; holp to reap the fame Which he did end all his ; and took some pride To do myself this wrong : till, at the last, I seem'd his follower, not partner, and He waged me with his countenance, as if 40 I had been mercenary. First Con. So he did, my lord : The army marvell'd at it, and, in the last. When he had carried Rome and that"^ we looked For no less spoil than glory, — 1 7 You will 7vaii in vain for the people : they will be on your side when you have struck the blow. 27 Sir, his stoutness^ etc. This rough ungovernable disposi- tion which he displayed at Rome, (the Conspirator would have said), may itself be urged against him. Aufidius interrupts with a third charge — of supercilious treatment of himself. 37 Did end all his. Contrived finally to appropriate. 40 Wagd vie zuith his countenance. Paid me with his patron- age : made me feel that, when he approved of me, he was paying me wages. Scene 6] CORIOLANUS 127 AUF. There was it, For which my sinews shall be stretch'd upon him. At a few drops of women's rheum, which are As cheap as lies, he sold the blood and labour Of our great action : therefore shall he die, And 111 renew me in his fall. But, hark ! \^Drums and trumpets sotind^ with great shouts of the people. First Con. Your native town you enter'd like a post,"^ And had no welcomes home ; but he returns, 5 1 Splitting the air with noise. Sec. Con. And patient fools. Whose children he hath slain, their base throats tear With giving him glory. Third Con. Therefore, at your vantage. Ere he express himself, or move the people With what he w^ould say, let him feel your sword, Which we will second. When he lies along. After your way his tale pronounced shall bury His reasons with his body. AuF. Say no more : Here come the lords. 60 Enter the Lords of the city. All the Lords. You are most welcome home. AuF. I have not deserved it. But, worthy lords, have you with heed perused What I have written to you 1 Lords. We have. First Lord. And grieve to hear 't. What faults he made before the last, I think Might have found easy fines : but there to end Where he was to begin and give away The benefit of our levies, answering us With our own charge, making a treaty where There was a yielding, — this admits no excuse. AUF. He approaches : you shall hear him. 70 45 For which my siytezvs, etc. The point on which I will put forth my whole strength against him. 46 At. At the price of. 58 After your way his tale pronounced. Your version of his story. 59 His reasons. His arguments, defence. 67 A7tswering tts with our own charge. Instead of spoils and victory, bringing back the bill — for ourselves to pay. I2S CORIOLANUS [Act V Enter Coriolanus, marchmg with drum and colours j Commoners being with him. Cor. Hail, lords ! I am returned your soldier, No more infected with my country's love Than when I parted hence, but still subsisting Under your great command. You are to know That prosperously I have attempted and With bloody passage led your wars even to The gates of Rome. Our spoils we have brought home Do more than counterpoise a full third part The charges of the action. We have made peace With no less honour to the Antiates 80 Than shame to the Romans : and we here deliver, Subscribed by the consuls and patricians, Together with the seal o' the senate, what We have compounded on. AuF. Read it not, noble lords ; But tell the traitor, in the highest degree He hath abused your powers. Cor. Traitor ! how now ! AuF. - Ay, traitor, Marcius ! Cor. Marcius ! AuF. Ay, Marcius, Caius Marcius : dost thou think I '11 grace thee with that robbery, thy stol'n name Coriolanus in Corioli 1 90 You lords and heads o' the state, perfidiously He has betray'd your business, and given up, For certain drops of salt, your city Rome, I say ' your city,' to his wife and mother ; Breaking his oath and resolution like A twist of rotten silk, never admitting Counsel o' the war, but at his nurse's tears He whined and roar'd away your victory, That pages blushed at him and men of heart Looked wondering each at other. Cor. Hear'st thou, Mars ? icx) 71 Soldier. Three syllables, as i. i, 120. 90 In Corioli — * and, if not there, how in any Volscian city — how here in Antium ? ' For (unless in this line) we have no indication, and it is unlikely, that Shakspere intended the scene (as some editors have thought) to be laid in Corioli. The Folios do not assign it to either place. 96 N'ever admitting counsel of. Admitting no thought of. Scene 6] CORIOLANUS 129 AuF. Name not the god, thou boy of tears ! Cor. Ha ! AuF. No more. Cor. Measureless liar, thou hast made my heart Too great for what contains it. ' BoyM O slave! Pardon me, lords, 't is the first time that ever I was forced to scold. Your judgments, my grave lords. Must give this cur the lie : and his own notion — Who wears my stripes impressed upon him ; that Must bear my beating to his grave — shall join To thi-ust the lie unto him. no First Lord. Peace, both, and hear me speak. Cor. Cut me to pieces, Volsces ; men and lads. Stain all your edges on me. ' Boy' ! false hound ! If you have writ your annals true, 'tis there, That, like an eagle in a dove-cote, I Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli : Alone I did it. *BoyM AuF. Why, noble lords, Will you be put in mind of his blind fortune. Which was your shame, by this unholy braggart, 'Fore your own eyes and ears ? All Consp. Let him die for't. 120 All the People. * Tear him to pieces.' ' Do it pre- sently.' ' He killed my son.' * My daughter.' ' He killed my cousin Marcus.' ' He killed my father.' Sec. Lord. Peace, ho ! no outrage : peace ! The man is noble and his fame folds-in This orb o' the earth. His last offences to us Shall have judicious hearing. Stand, Aufidius, And trouble not the peace. loi Tears, See i. i, 195, note. 107 Notion. His own mind, his own thoughts. So Macb. iii. I, 83 : "To half a soul and to a notion crazed ;" Lear i. 4, 248, *' His notion weakens." 126 Folds in. Enfolds. So iii. 3, 68. 127 This orb d* the earth — i.e. is world-wide. Or, as Dr. Delius explains it, this side (or disc) of the earth : as Ham. i. I, 85 : ** This side of our known world." 128 Judicious. Wise and careful. Steevens explains it as= judicial : but Shakspere does not so use it elsewhere* I I30 CORIOLANUS [Act V Cor. O that I had him, With six Aufidiuses, or more, his tribe, 130 To use my lawful sword ! AuF. Insolent villain ! All Consp. Kill, kill, kill, kill, kill him ! \_The Conspirators draw, and kill CORIOLANUS : AUFIDIUS stands on his body. Lords. Hold, hold, hold, hold ! AuF. My noble masters, hear me speak. First Lord. O Tullus, — Sec. Lord. Thou hast done a deed whereat valour will weep. Third Lord. Tread not upon him. Masters all, be quiet ; Put up your swords. AUF. My lords, when you shall know — as in this rage, Provoked by him, you cannot — the great danger Which this man's life did owe you, you ^11 rejoice That he is thus cut off. Please it your honours 140 To call me to your senate, 1 11 deliver Myself your loyal servant, or endure Your heaviest censure. First Lord. Bear from hence his body ; And mourn you for him : let him be regarded As the most noble corse that ever herald Did follow to his urn. Sec. Lord. His own impatience Takes from Aufrdius a great part of blame. Let 's make the best of it. AuF. My rage is gone ; And I am struck with sorrow. Take him up. Help, three o' the chiefest soldiers ; 1 11 be one. 150 Beat thou the drum, that it speak mournfully : 129 Coriolanus ends, as he began, with intemperate speech, which would "take from Aufidius a great part of blame," had we not overheard him plotting the murder of the Roman in cold blood. It is to be noticed how our admiration of the noble side of the character of Coriolanus, on which depends the tragic interest of his death, is excited to the utmost by the contrast between him and Aufidius, strongly marked throughout the play, most strongly here. Scene 6] CORIOLANUS 131 Trail your steel pikes. Though in this city he Hath widow'd and unchilded many a one, Which to this hour bewail the injury, Yet he shall have a noble memory. ^^ Assist [£xeun^, bearing the body of CORIOLANUS. A dead march sowtded. GLOSSARY addition — i. 9, 66, 72. An added name or title. Cp. Mac- beth, i. 3, 106 — ** He bade me from him call thee Thane of Cawdor ; In which addition hail, most worthy Thane !" a -doing — iv. 2, 5. *In the act.* Doing vs, a siibst., like be- ginni7tg, lem'ning^ &c. : not to be confounded with the participle — the termination having been substantival before it was par- ticipial. Comp. termination -ung of verbal substantives in German. ^ is a corruption of the preposition on, sometimes equivalent to in. To go a-hunting is to go on hunting (so on a journey, on an errand, on business): to be a-gomg, on (= in) going, in the act of going. Cp. asleep, — *on sleep,' (Acts xiii. 36) : alive = in life, (Gower has * on live'): anon, a-tivo (in one, in two) : afoot, abed, asunder, &c. advance — i. 6, 61 ; ii. i, 178. To lift. So Tempest, i. 2, 408: " The fringed curtains of thine eye ^^z'<2;z<:^"; ib. iv. i, 177: '''' Advanced \h.€\x eyelids"; Rich. III. i. 2, 40: '■^ Advance \}ivj halberd higher than my breast." alarum — ii. 2, 80. Alarm. (Ital. aW armc: to arms !) sum- mons to battle. allow — iii. 3, 45. To acknowledge. Hence, to approve : as Ps. xi. 6 : **The Lord alloweth the righteous." allowance — iii. 2, 57. *'0f no allowance" = without a character, disallowed, unrecognized. Cp. Othello, ii. i, 48 — " His bark is stoutly timbered, and his pilot Of very expert and approved allowance:'" i.e. with an established character for skill and experience. an — iv. 5, 200 : = if. To the derivation from A. S.annan = unnaii, which seems to have been generally accepted without sus- picion on the authority of Home Tooke, Garnett (Philological Essays, p. 22), objects — * No such word exists.' That ingenious but unsound and paradoxical writer, Home Tooke, imagined that 134 GLOSSARY [am all or most English conjunctions were derivable from imperative moods of verbs. This theoiy Mr. Garnett promptly demolishes. "Tooke's if imperative,''^ he says, *'led him into a labyrinth of errors. " We have all heard tf derived from the verb to give; and we have been convinced by the mention of its Scottish equi- valent^//" or ^/;^. Who could doubt that ** Gin a body meet a body " meant " Suppose or gra7it or give that favourable circum- stance"? Mr. Garnett, however, takes us back to the Sanskrit iva (sicut). He finds in Old German the forms ibu, ipit, which he describes as the instrumental case of a word meaning doubt- ful ; and compares, in Icelandic, efa, to doubt, efi, a doubt, ef if, [A kindred word in Gothic, jabai, seems to lead us to the Scottish gifl To take one illustration more of the theory and its demolition — the conjunction but. Tooke says there are two buts, one the imper. of A. S. botan, the other the imper. of A. S. beon (to be), combined with utan {out). Garnett shows that But is always, (like Greek irapeKTds, or our own lait^out, ) a combination of the preposition bjy with the adverb out. (A. S. bi utan.) To return to An. Side by side with the form an we have and, clearly the same word, knd used in the same manner, and the combination and if Thus Bacon says, "They will set their house on fire and it were but to roast their eggs." And Shakspere, (i Henry VI. v. 4, 75,) ** It dies and if it had a thousand lives." Two things may be remarked by the way. (i.) It is against all analogy to suppose that an is the original word ; evidently and has been corrupted or shortened into an. (2. ) The combination and if (or an if) is almost absurd, if both words be i?nperative moods. This brings us to the end. An\% nothing but another form of the conjunction and, limited by a freak of language to a special use. There is reason to suppose that and ^2i% once a conjunction of all work ; in other words, that there were no special conjunctions — and that and, the simple connecter of clauses, served instead of them. Mr. Earle (Philology of the English Tongue, p. 458), who cannot part with the familiar if imperative, and is neutral upon an, though he would "as lief think it merely a special habit of the common and," writes thus — "This colourless link-word seems invested with a meaning which recalls to mind what the and of the Hebrew is able to do in the subtle department of the conjunction. Indeed we may say that we are coming back in regard to our conjunctions to a simplicity such as that from which the Hebrew language never departed. The Book of Proverbs abounds in examples of the versatility of the Hebrew an] glossary 135 and.'*'* And more to the same effect. And how possible it is in English to do with hardly any relative or conjunctive or connecting words at all — he proves by quoting from Shakspere, *' For I am he am born to tame you, Kate ;" and from Keble, " Where is it mothers learn their love?'* — and all readers of Shakspere and Carlyle and Browning knew already. And finally, Mr. Abbott (Grammar, § 102) — **The true expla- nation (of and with the subjunctive) appears to be that the hypothesis, the if^ is expressed not by the and^ but by the sub- junctive, and that and merely means with the addition of, plus, just as bid means leaving out, or minus. The hypothesis is expressed by the simple subjunctive thus : * Go not my horse the better I must become a borrower of the night.' Macb. iii. I, 25. This sentence with and would become — * I must become a borrower of the night and my horse go not the better,* i.e. * with, or on, the supposition that my horse go not the better.' " But, when a colourless and was felt to be insufficient for all purposes, and a distinctly-coloured if had come into existence, then the two were combined. And introduced the limitation, (with a " Mark you, there is more to come,") and 2/" defined the definition to be, not temporal nor causal, nor the rest, but hypothetical. Lastly and, no longer needed, ceased, and ^remained. an hungry — i. i, 209. For clearness it may be well to trace the meanings of the Teutonic prefix a, or an, each to its origin. This of course will be exclusive of all its meanings as a Romance prefix derived from Romance particles. The eight meanings enumerated by Morris (Accidence, p. 224) seem practically to reduce themselves to four — (l.) From an, — ane, (= one,) we have the indefinite article a, (or an.) Cp. anon — on ane, (combining I with 3). (2.) From of ox ^(Sanskrit apa, Greek d7r(5, Latin ah). e.g. akin {— of kin), athirst (r= of thirst), af'aid or afeard (— O. E. aferen and offaeren), a-weary (= ofwery, i.e. tired out', of — off. Abbott, Gr. § 24). ashamed {— O. E. of- ashamed. Morris, Ace. § 324), adown ( = O. E. of-dune: strength) has suffered, though not absolutely, the same degradation of meaning. DEM-EMP] GLOSSARY 141 D demerits — i. i, 276. Deserts, in good sense. So Othello, i. 2, 22 — ** My demerits May spealc nnbonneted to as proud a fortune As this that I have reached." ♦ We have in Latin deinereri, always in good sense ; in French dimerite, in bad sense ; and in English demerit, once neutral, now bad. The bad sense seems to have arisen, in French, from a confusion between de and dis, the latter having a negative or destructive force. This supposition may derive support from a reference to a theory of Max Miiller's, (Lect. ii. p. 273, and foil.) viz., that the Frank conquerors of Gaul, speaking a Germanized Latin, dressed their own words in a Latin garb ; converting, for instance, tmterhalten into entretenir, zukunft into Vavenir, iinpass into malade : and M. M. supposes that the conquered Gauls respectfully adopted the blunders of their conquerors. We may suppose that, conversely, the Ger- mans found the Latin word deinerite, mistook the de- — and mis- used it. despite — iii. i, 163. Contempt. From Fr. deplt {despit)\ Lat. despicere, despectus. determine — iii. 3, 43 ; v. 3, 120. To end, be settled. doit — i. 5, 6; iv. 4, 17. A small coin. Germ. Deut, Merchant of Venice, i. 3, 128 : " Take no doit of usance for my moneys." dotant — V. 2, 47 = dotard. drench — ii. i, 130. A draught. Henry V. iii. 5, 19, *' Can sodden water, A drench for sur-reined jades, their barley-broth, Decoct their cold blood to such valiant heat?" E embarquement — i. 10, 22. Inhibition, arrest, restraint. From an old verb * to e??ibai'gue' (or * embarge^ ) ; Span, embargar (first meaning * to impede ' ) ; embargo. Embargo, in English, * seizure, in the name of the State, and detention in port, of ships about to sail;' ("to lay an embargo on merchandise or ship- ping"). empiricutic — ii. i, 128: ior empirical. An ^/??//r/V is a quack ; one who {e.g. in medicine) goes to work by the light of his own experience {ifxireipia), despising science and all ascertained con- clusions. 142 GLOSSARY [emu-fob emulation — i. i, 218. Not, as now, confined to the good sense. In bad sense, as here, of * malicious rivalry.' " My heart laments that virtue cannot live Out of the teeth oi emulation ^ — Jul. Cses. ii. 3, 13. *' Whilst emulation in the army crept." — Tro. and Cress, ii. 2, 212. entertainment — iv. 3, 49. To entertain is to maintain ; e.g. to keep a servant ; (as Two Gent, of Verona, ii. 4, no, *' Sweet lady, entei'tain him for your servant "), to keep an army in pay (as here), to set food before a guest, to keep a company amused, to cherish a thought or purpose. envy — i. 8, 4 ; iii. 3, 57. To hate, maliciously, spitefully ; iii- 3) 95> intrans. to be spiteful ; iii. 3, 3, hatred, ill-will. So commonly in Shaks. e.g. Jul. Cses. ii. I, 164, *'Like wrath in death and envy afterwards. " favour— iv. 3, 9. Face. So As You Like It, iv. 3, 87 : ** The boy is fair, of female y^T/^wr." fit — iii. 2, 33. A struggle, as with tears, laughter, death, passion, etc.; a convulsion; or the like. Lat. pugno. Germ. fechten, E. fight. To be distinguished from fit (or fytte), a canto ; from A. S. fittian, to sing. Spenser uses the word continually. It occurs in books I and 2 of the Faery Queen, with the epithets * bitter/ dying,' * sharp,' 'furious,' * furious loving, * frantic, * merry,* * deadly' ; and (ii. 3, 37), ** Soon into other fits he was transmewed." So probably it is used in Henry VIII. (iii. i, 77), ** I feel the last fit of my greatness." So Macb. iv. 2, 17, "Theyf/j o' the season." flaw — (i.) as v. 3, 74. A squall or gust of wind. Radical mean- ing to blow. Swed. and Norse, flaga, in the same sense (Wedgwood), and \.?X. fiare. (2. ) A crack or split^ connected with flag (of stone), and "^xo- hahlyflahe {— fi'agment \ as of snow or shredded steel). Radi- cal meaning to break. Sw. flaga, a breach : Old Norse, flaga, chips, splinters. Mr. Wedgwood identifies (i) and (2) by the process of explaining (without evidence in either case) — (i.) as the noise of the wind, (2.) as the noise of the cracking or splitting. fob — i. I, 97. To fob, fob off; to delude, put off with a trick. " They may not think to fob us off with colourable testi- monies" — Bp. Hall. ** His excellence had each razxifiobbed For he had sunk their pay. " — Prior. FON-His] GLOSSARY 143 fond — iv. I, 26. Foolish. As still we call a vain hope fond Fonne^ in Chaucer, is a fool. With the passage of the word through the limited idea oi foolish affection to the general meaning affectionate, compare the successive meanings of to dote — which however never quite parts with the idea of folly. fosset-seller — ii. i, 79. A fosset {or faucet) is the tap of a barrel — a mouthpiece, outlet. Lat. fauces. The Fr. fatcsser, (quoted by Mr. Wedgwood as meaning to pierce,) means to bend or spoil, {fausser une epee, fausser sa parole ;) only means something like to piei'ce in the phrase which he quotes, fausser une serrure, to spoil a lock in order to open it ; and is derived from \jqX. f alter e. G gilt — i. 3, 43. Gilding, gold. So Henry V. Act ii. prol. 26, ** The gilt of France." gird — i. I, 260. The same word perhaps z.% gride: meant first to strike or cut (as in Chaucer, K. T. 1012, ^^ girt with many a wound"); hence, metaph. of raillery and sarcasm. So, as a subst.. Tarn, of Shrew, v. 2, 58, '*I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio." gracious — ii. i, 192. Graceful, beautiful. {^* Full of grace are thy lips." Ps. xlv. 2.) Merch. of Ven. iii. 2, 76, ^^ A gracious voice." Twelfth Night, i. 5, 281 ; • ** And in dimension and the shape of nature A gracious person. " grain — Fibre of wood. Hence ' against the grain ' (as ii. 3, 241,) when we speak of the resistance which has to be overcome by anything that runs counter to natural bent and prepossession. H having — ^v. 2, 62 ; subst. Cp. As You Like It, iii. 2, 396, ** Your having in beard." his — i. I, 133 ; iii. i, 314 : for its. Its never occurs in the authorized translation of the Bible. (Gen. i. 11, '* It shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.") Shakspere uses it, though seldom ; e.g. in Meas. for Meas. i. 2, 4 (colloquially) : ** Heaven grant us its peace." In the Winter's Tale (one of the latest plays) it occurs a good many times ; in one scene (i. 2. ) four times, and not colloquially. Milton uses it rarely : {e.g. " The mind is its own place "). Itself is formed from the personal pronoun, like himself; not from the possessive, like myself [See Craik's English of Shakspere.] 144 GLOSSARY [hum~kam humorous — ii. i, 51. One who gives way to the mood or caprice of the moment, capricious (here quick-tempered). Jul. Cses. ii. I, 250 — *' Hoping it was but an effect oi humour. Which sometime hath his hour with every man. " So As You Like It, i. 2, 278, " The Duke is humorous j" and again, ii. 3, 8. 2 Henry IV. iv. 4, 34 — ** As hujnorous as winter and as sudden As flaws congealed in the spring of day," inclinable — ii. 2, 60. Inclining, inclined, disposed. We find the termination -ble ( = Lat. -bilis) affixed — A. to verb-stems (i.) passively potential, as amiable, chat can, or ought to, be loved ; (2. ) actively potential, as capable, that can contain, durable, delectable : (3. ) More vaguely, to express tendency, as conducible, agreeable, and inclinable itself. B. to noun-stems, to express tendency, (or chaj^acter,) zs, peace- able {-=^ peaceful), /^m3/ From A.S. Wizd. So still, ** widow's weeds. " ^^ where — i. i, 104; 10, 13 : = Whereas. ^ -^ wreak — iv. 5, 91 : (subst.) resentment, revenge. So.lTit^And. iv. 3, 33, *^T2i\i& wreak on Rome for this ingratitude. "^/wrom A.S. zurecan, to drive, (whence perhaps wrack, drift of the sea, and 7^ack, drift of the sky,) pursue. Spenser J[F. Q. ii. 3, 12, 13, 14) has "to W7'eak a hateful deed," ( = to punish), and (the modern usage) "to wreak enmity," "to wreak despite." Cp. Gareth and Lynette, p. 24, " Kill the foul thief and ze;;^/& ( = avenge) me for my son. " Cp. iire^eXdeip, eJtner otkmf^ or