UC-NRLF 
 
 25fl DD1 
 
GIFT OF 
 
 S7/3 
 
WORDS 
 
 their 
 
 Spelling * Pronunciation * Definition 
 and Application 
 
 Compiled by 
 
 Rupert P* SoRelle 
 
 and 
 Charles W* Kitt 
 
 (Thoroughly revised and enlarged by RuperJ P. SoRelle, 1911) 
 
 Greqq ( *Ba6(lsInnq Company 
 
 +&? O 7 <_/ C=>0 
 
 New York Chicago San Francisco 
 
Copyright, 1903, By JOHN R. GREGG 
 
 Copyright, 1911, 
 
 By 
 THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 K 86 
 
PREFACE 
 
 POOR spelling has been justly termed the reproach of American 
 schools, and the attention that spelling is now receiving from 
 schools of all grades, including colleges and universities, shows 
 the importance that is attached to this subject. 
 
 " WORDS " is the outgrowth of an urgent need of a speller adapted 
 to the requirements of commercial schools, where much has to be 
 thoroughly accomplished in a brief period of time. These lists have 
 been greatly enlarged in the revised edition by the addition of six 
 chapters. 
 
 " WORDS " was prepared by two teachers of long experience in com- 
 mercial school lines, the lists of words having been drawn largely 
 from experience in correcting transcripts of students. 
 
 Thoughtful educators are agreed that sight has quite as much, if 
 not more, to do with learning spelling than anything else, and that, 
 therefore, the great advantage of this fact should be utilized in 
 teaching. Another, and fully as important a consideration, is teach- 
 ing the words in sentences. These two fundamental principles 
 underlie the plan of " WORDS." They have been strengthened by a 
 logical mechanical arrangement and the utilization of every psycho- 
 logical aid possible to secure the best results with the least effort. 
 
 " WORDS " possesses many distinctive advantages over other spell- 
 ing texts. The following features embody important improvements 
 which will, we are sure, appeal with special force to every discrim- 
 inating and progressive teacher: 
 
 1. It presents the words in the first column as commonly seen 
 in print, without diacritical marks or division in syllables, thus 
 giving a correct first impression of the word. 
 
 2. The word is marked diacritically in the second column, in 
 accordance with the method used in Webster's International Dic- 
 tionary, and divided properly into syllables for the purpose of afford- 
 ing the student a thorough drill in pronunciation and syllabication. 
 
 3. A clear, concise definition of the word is given in the third 
 column. 
 
 4. On the opposite page sentences are given illustrating the 
 practical application of the words. These sentences, for the most 
 part, are quotations from well-known authors, and were selected for 
 a double purpose rto give a clear idea of the correct use of the words, 
 and for their educational value. The sentences should be used as 
 dictation exercises. 
 
 5. The arrangement of the book makes it possible to cover a 
 comprehensive list of words, which have been selected because of 
 their frequency and their liability to be misspelled. 
 
 359790 
 
6. Original woyk is? given on each lesson. At the end of each 
 lesson, woris aiv given -;o be looked up in the dictionary. This plan, 
 together with the application of the words in sentences, relieves the 
 study of much of its dryness and maintains the interest of the stu- 
 dent. In addition to this, it induces the student to consult the 
 dictionary frequently, a habit, when formed, that will lead ulti- 
 mately to a thorough knowledge of words. 
 
 7. The work is planned to cover a three, six or nine months' 
 course, depending on the manner in which it is handled, thus making 
 it peculiarly adapted to the work of business schools and high 
 schools with commercial courses. 
 
 8. The arrangement by weeks is another feature that will appeal 
 to the teacher. Four days of the week are devoted to regular exer- 
 cises, and on the fifth, a review and general exercise is given. 
 
 9. The lessons on " Words Often Mispronounced," " Plurals and 
 Possessives," " Words of Opposite Meaning," and the technical word 
 lists added to this edition, will, it is believed, be greatly appreciated 
 by the friends of " WORDS." 
 
 Webster's International Dictionary has been selected as authority 
 for pronunciation, and, for the sake of uniformity, the words have 
 been marked diacritically in accordance with the International's 
 method. 
 
 Many of the sentences selected to illustrate the use of words have 
 been taken from the Standard Dictionary; acknowledgment must 
 also be made to " Synonyms Discriminated," by Charles John Smith, 
 for valuable aid in making discriminations in the use of synonyms. 
 
 THE AUTHORS. 
 
 NEW YORK, June, 1911. 
 
GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION 
 
 a, as in ate, made 
 
 6, as in 6-bey', pro-pose' 
 
 a, as in pref '-ace 
 
 6, as in orb, ab-hdr* 
 
 a, as in air, care 
 
 6, as in not, 6c-cur / 
 
 a, as in fat, am 
 
 o, as in wom'-an 
 
 a, as in far, art, palm 
 
 u, as in use, hu'-man 
 
 a, as in ask, dance 
 
 u, as in u-nite, ' hu-mane' 
 
 a, as in fi'-nal 
 
 u, as in rude, ru/mor 
 
 a, as in all, talk 
 
 u, as in put, push 
 
 a, as in what, was 
 
 u, as in up, cup 
 
 e, as in eve, de'-it-y 
 
 u, as in urn, burn 
 
 , as in e-vent,' se-rene' 
 
 y, as in pit'-y, in'-ju-ry 
 
 e", as in end, let 
 
 oo, as in food, fool 
 
 e, as in her, fern 
 
 oo, as in foot, good 
 
 e, as in re'-cent, de'-cen-cy 
 
 ou, as in out, thou 
 
 I, as in ice, bind 
 
 oi, as in oil, rejoice' 
 
 i, as in i-de'-a, bi-ol'-o-gy 
 I, as in 111, plt'-y 
 
 ' indicates voice glide as in 
 pardon (pard'n), evil (e'v'l) 
 
 6, as in note, 6'ver 
 
 
 NOTE. For markings not given in this table, see Webster's Inter- 
 national Dictionary. 
 
RULES FOR SPELLING 
 
 RULE I. Monosyllables, and words accented on the last syllable, 
 ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the 
 final consonant before an affix beginning with a vowel. Examples: 
 recur, recurrent ; forget, forgetting ; hot, hottest ; beg, beggar ; blot, 
 blotting. 
 
 Exception. When the original accent is thrown back, the final 
 consonant is not doubled. Refer', reference; prefer', preference. 
 
 Where Rule I does not apply, the final consonant is not doubled. 
 Examples : offer, offering ; appear, appearance. 
 
 RULE II. Final y, preceded by a consonant, is changed to i before 
 an affix. Examples : busy, busily, business ; pity, pitiful, pitied ; 
 spy, spied, spies. 
 
 Exceptions. 1. After t the y is changed into e before ous. Ex- 
 amples : plenteous ; beauteous. 
 
 2. Before ing or isli the y is retained to avoid the doubling of f. 
 Examples: pitying, spying, babyish. 
 
 3. In the possessive singular of nouns y is never changed. Ex- 
 amples: fly's, spy's. 
 
 4. Y is not changed in derivatives of sky, spry, shy, sly, wry, dry ; 
 except drier, driest, which conform to Rule II. Final y preceded by 
 a vowel is not changed to i before an affix. Examples : buy, buyer ; 
 destroy, destroyer; pay, payment. 
 
 RULE III. Words ending in silent e drop e on taking an affix 
 beginning with a vowel. Examples : sale, salable ; sole, soling ; love, 
 loving; force, forcible. 
 
 Exceptions. 1. Words ending in ce or ge retain the e before able 
 or ous, in order to keep the soft sound of the c or g., Examples: 
 trace, traceable; courage, courageous. 
 
 2. Shoeing, mileage, toeing, hoeing; in singeing and dyeing the e 
 is retained to distinguish the words from singing and dying. 
 
 3. Words ending in ie drop e and change i to y on adding ing. 
 Examples: die, dying; lie, lying. 
 
 4. The e is retained on taking an affix beginning with a consonant. 
 Examples : state, statement ; ripe, ripeness ; apprentice, appren- 
 ticeship. 
 
 Exceptions. Duly, truly, wholly, awful, argument, abridgment, 
 acknowledgment, judgment, etc. 
 
 6 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 A ND therefore, first of all, I tell you earnestly 
 ^* and authoritatively (I know I am right in 
 this), that you must get into the habit of looking in- 
 tensely at words, and assuring yourself of their 
 meaning, syllable by syllable nay, letter by letter. 
 The study of books is called literature, and a man 
 versed in it is called, by the consent of nations, a 
 man of letters, instead of a man of books or of 
 words. You might read all the books in the British 
 Museum (if you could live long enough), and remain 
 an utterly "illiterate," uneducated person; but if 
 you read ten pages of a good book, letter by letter, 
 that is to say, with real accuracy, you are for ever- 
 more in some measure an educated person. Ruskin. 
 
FIRST LESSON Short Words Commonly Misspelled 
 
 much 
 
 much 
 
 Great in quantity ; in a great degree. 
 
 sure 
 
 shur 
 
 Certain; stable; infallible. 
 
 very 
 
 v6r'-y 
 
 In a high degree ; real ; actual ; true ; same. 
 
 busy 
 
 blz'-I 
 
 Employed; constantly active. 
 
 almost 
 
 al'-most 
 
 Very nearly ; closely approaching. 
 
 there 
 their 
 each 
 
 thar 
 thar 
 ech 
 
 In or at that place; to that place; at that 
 condition of affairs. 
 The possessive case of the personal pronoun 
 they. 
 Every one of a number. 
 
 agree 
 
 a-gre' 
 
 To come to an understanding; assent. 
 
 urge 
 
 urj 
 
 To press forcibly in any direction. 
 
 which 
 again 
 
 hwlch 
 a-gen' 
 
 What individual person or thing of a certain 
 number or class. 
 Another time ; once more. 
 
 whose 
 
 hooz 
 
 The possessive case of icho; often of which. 
 
 value 
 
 val'-u 
 
 Worth; excellence; utility; importance. 
 
 dollar 
 
 d6l'-ler 
 
 The U. S. unit of reckoning money ; 100 cents. 
 
 bargain 
 bushel 
 
 bar'-gln 
 bush'-el 
 
 An agreement or stipulation ; an advanta- 
 geous purchase. 
 A measure of capacity ; four pecks. 
 
 gallon 
 
 gar-iun 
 
 Four quarts. 
 
 barrel 
 please 
 
 bSr'-rel 
 plez 
 
 An approximately cylindrical vessel made of 
 wooden staves, held together by hoops. 
 To gratify ; to give or afford pleasure. 
 
 weigh 
 once 
 
 wa 
 wuns 
 
 To find the weight of ; to ponder with a view 
 to forming a judgment. 
 One time only; without repetition. 
 
 here 
 
 her 
 
 In the place where the speaker is. 
 
 hear 
 
 her 
 
 To perceive' by the sense of hearing. 
 
 potato 
 
 po-ta'-to 
 
 A well known plant, tubers of which are 
 eaten. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : cheese, across, friend, eager 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " Knowledge and timber shouldn't be much used until they are 
 
 seasoned." 
 
 2 " The testimony of the Lord is sure" 
 
 3 " Deeds of justice and charity are the very first fruits of repent- 
 
 ance." 
 
 4 " Their busy life is like a river." 
 
 5 " In 1787 many of the best men of the country, such as Washing- 
 
 ton, Franklin and Hamilton, had almost begun to despair of 
 the new Confederation." 
 
 6 " The darkness there might well seem twilight here." 
 
 7 It is their privilege to reject the offer. 
 
 8 " To worship right is to love each other." 
 
 9 " Always think twice when saints and sinners, honest men and 
 
 editors, agree in a eulogy." 
 
 10 " I never urge a man to speak if he has ever so little mind to hold 
 
 his tongue quiet." 
 
 11 The relative pronouns are who, which, that, and what. Who is 
 
 applied to persons. Which was formerly applied to persons as 
 well as things ; now applied to animals and things without 
 life. 
 
 12 " The light of smiles shall feel again 
 
 The lids that overflow with tears." 
 
 13 We will leave the decision of that question to those whose 
 
 minds are better able to cope with it. 
 
 14 " Value is made up of three essential notions or elements: (1) 
 
 of the will, (2) effort or labor required in procuring or pro- 
 ducing the article valued, (3) ownership or appropriation." 
 
 15 A silver dollar weighs 412.5 grains, of which 41.25 are alloy. 
 
 16 " Next to the pleasure of buying a bargain for one's self is the 
 
 pleasure of persuading a friend to buy it." 
 
 17 The \veight of a bushel of various commodities is different in 
 
 different states. 
 
 18 The United States uses the Winchester gallon, or wine gallon, 
 
 of 231 cubic inches, as a standard. 
 
 19 A standard barrel, as one containing potatoes, apples, etc., is 
 
 about 31 inches high. 
 
 20 " For we that live to please, must please to live." 
 
 21 * Every man feels instinctively that all the beautiful sentiments 
 
 in the world weigh less than a single lovely action." 
 
 22 " No star is ever lost we once have seen, 
 
 We always may be what we might have been." 
 
 23 " He is not here, for he is risen." 
 
 24 " My son, hear the instruction of thy father." 
 
 25 " History dates the introduction of the potato into the British 
 
 Isles at about 1586." 
 
 9 
 
SECOND LESSON-Short Words Commonly Misspelled 
 
 enough 
 
 e-nuf 
 
 Adequate for the demand or need; plenty. 
 
 learn 
 
 lern 
 
 To gain knowledge of by study; investiga- 
 
 
 
 tion ; observation ; inquiry. 
 
 teach 
 
 tech 
 
 To give instruction to; train; counsel. 
 
 seeing 
 
 se'-mg 
 
 Taking into consideration; to perceive by 
 
 
 
 the eye. 
 
 height 
 
 hit 
 
 Distance above some natural or assumed base. 
 
 breadth 
 
 bredth 
 
 Measure or distance from side to side; free- 
 
 
 
 dom from narrowness of view. 
 
 notice 
 
 no'-tls 
 
 To take note of by the senses or the intellect ; 
 
 
 
 to make observations or comments upon. 
 
 such 
 
 such 
 
 Of that kind; being the same as has been 
 
 
 
 mentioned or indicated. 
 
 nostril 
 
 nos'-trll 
 
 One of the anterior openings in the nose. 
 
 forehead 
 
 f6r'-ed 
 
 The upper part of the face; brazen assump- 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 muscle 
 
 mus"l 
 
 An organ composed of contractile fibers. 
 
 truly 
 
 tru'-ly 
 
 In conformity with fact or reality ; with ac- 
 
 
 
 curacy or.nice precision ; with loyal honesty. 
 
 heavy 
 
 hev'-y 
 
 Hard to lift or carry ; burdensome ; grievous. 
 
 always 
 
 al'-waz 
 
 Throughout all time ; perpetually ; ceaselessly. 
 
 piece 
 
 pes 
 
 To combine or reunite; a loose or separate 
 
 
 
 part. 
 
 eight 
 
 at 
 
 The sum of seven and one. 
 
 rolled 
 
 rol'd 
 
 Past tense of roll. 
 
 where 
 
 whar 
 
 At or in what place, relation or station. 
 
 model 
 
 mod'-el 
 
 To mold or shape; worthy to be imitated. 
 
 shriek 
 
 shrek 
 
 A sharp, shrill outcry, usually involuntary. 
 
 sneeze 
 
 snez 
 
 The convulsive motion and explosive sound 
 
 
 
 attendant on the ejection of air through 
 
 
 
 the nose and mouth in sneezing. 
 
 neither 
 
 / ne'-ther \ 
 \m'-ther J 
 
 Not either; neither the one nor the other. 
 
 
 Je'-therl 
 
 One or the other of two; each of two; one 
 
 either 
 
 \ I'-ther J 
 
 and the other separately. 
 
 ready 
 
 red'-y 
 
 In a state of preparedness for any given pur- 
 
 
 
 pose or occasion; willing; prompt. 
 
 scythe 
 
 slth 
 
 A long curved blade for mowing, reaping, etc. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : scissors, sieve, until, pledge 
 
 10 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " A bullet or two, a button, a brass plate from a soldier's belt, 
 
 served well enough for mementos of my visit." 
 
 2 Learn was used in the sense of teach by Shakespeare; as, 
 
 " And learn me how to lose a winning match." 
 
 3 Plato returned to Athens and began to teach. Like his master, 
 
 he taught without money and without price. 
 
 4 "Why do we fear death, seeing it is but gain to die?" 
 
 5 The height of the atmosphere is generally supposed to be forty- 
 
 five or fifty miles. 
 
 6 " The historian should be a gentleman, and possess a moral 
 
 breadth of temperament." 
 
 7 " Carlyle's various essays have been greatly noticed and admired." 
 " I shall not notice his attack." 
 
 8 " Experience enables us to see that such and such results are likely 
 
 to flow from such and such combinations of circumstances." 
 " Such is essentially a term of comparison, and to complete its 
 force that with which comparison is made requires to be ex- 
 pressed, implied, or understood." 
 
 9 The nostrils give passage to the air breathed. 
 
 10 " The villain, whose life they had preserved, had the heart and the 
 
 forehead to appear as the principal witness against them." 
 
 11 There are about four hundred muscles in the human body. 
 
 12 " No work truly done, no word earnestly spoken, no sacrifice 
 
 freely made, was ever made in vain." 
 
 13 The human brain is heavier than that of any of the lower ani- 
 
 mals except the elephant and the whale. 
 
 14 " The English-speaking race has always stood first among the 
 
 races for Peace, Liberty, Justice, and Law." 
 
 15 " We see the world piece by piece, as the sun, the moon, the ani- 
 
 mal, the tree." 
 
 16 " She wrote verses at the age of eight." 
 
 17 The food was rolled up in preparation for cooking. 
 
 18 " Where two or three are gathered together, there am I in the 
 
 midst of them." 
 
 19 " Statues in gold bronze could not have been modeled and cast in 
 
 Rome in 608." 
 
 20 " She shrieked his name to the dark woods." 
 
 21 The peasants in Sweden take off their hats as you pass; you 
 
 sneeze, and they say " God bless you ! " 
 
 22 " When a man works only for himself he gets neither rest here 
 
 nor reward hereafter." 
 
 23 " ' Take either side of the river ' means that one or the other of 
 
 the two sides may be taken." 
 
 24 " My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready; 
 
 come unto the marriage." 
 
 25 The scythe has been superseded by labor-saving machinery. 
 
 11 
 
THIRD LESSON Short Words Commonly Misspelled 
 
 forth 
 
 forth 
 
 Forward ; in place or order ; out of. 
 
 chief 
 
 chef 
 
 The principal ; the first ; the most important. 
 
 busily 
 
 blz'-My 
 
 Industriously. 
 
 grief . 
 
 gref 
 
 Pain of mind ; sorrow ; sadness. 
 
 abound 
 
 a-bound' 
 
 To possess in great quantity ; to be in great 
 
 
 
 quantity. 
 
 coming 
 
 kum'-ing 
 
 The act of approaching; arrival; advent. 
 
 image 
 
 Im'-aj 
 
 A likeness; the appearance or resemblance 
 
 
 
 of a person or thing. 
 
 pierce 
 
 pers 
 
 To penetrate ; to force a way into. 
 
 limit 
 
 llm'-It 
 
 That which limits, bounds or circumscribes; 
 
 
 
 the fullest extent. 
 
 ninety 
 
 nm'-ty 
 
 Nine times ten. 
 
 fourth 
 
 forth 
 
 A quarter; one of four equal parts. 
 
 already 
 
 al-red'-y 
 
 Generally used to mean at a bygone time. 
 
 brief 
 
 bref 
 
 Short ; concise ; not lasting. 
 
 loose 
 
 loos 
 
 To set at liberty; to free; not tight or con- 
 
 
 
 fined ; unfastened. 
 
 lose 
 
 looz 
 
 To be deprived of; to fail to gain. 
 
 bureau 
 
 bu'-ro 
 
 An office where business is transacted; the 
 
 
 
 . occupants of such an office. 
 
 valise 
 
 va-les' 
 
 A leather bag to hold a traveler's 'equipment. 
 
 attack 
 
 at-tak' 
 
 To assail; to censure; to find fault with. 
 
 twelve 
 
 twelv 
 
 The sum of ten and two ; twice six. 
 
 though 
 
 tho 
 
 Granting; admitting; notwithstanding this 
 
 
 
 or that. 
 
 occur 
 
 6k-kur' 
 
 To happen ; to be found existing. 
 
 against 
 
 a-genst' 
 
 In opposition to ; averse to. 
 
 welcome 
 
 weT-kum 
 
 Pleasing ; grateful. 
 
 triple 
 
 trlp'-'l 
 
 To make threefold the quantity or number; 
 
 
 
 consisting of three things united, or of three 
 
 
 
 parts. 
 
 lessen 
 
 les'-'n 
 
 To make or cause to be less; to become of 
 
 
 
 less importance or force. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : coarse, course, 'birth, berth 
 
 12 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " Bring your music forth into the air." 
 
 2 Crabb distinguishes " chief " and " principal " thus : Chief re- 
 
 gards order and rank ; principal has regard to importance and 
 respectability. 
 
 3 " How busily she turns the leaves ! " 
 
 4 " Her voice was full of grief and sorrow." 
 
 5 " A faithful man shall abound with great blessings." 
 
 6 The man was coming toward us at a rapid pace. 
 
 7 " The image was not only imperfect in rendering, but inartistic." 
 
 8 " Can curses pierce the clouds and enter heaven?" 
 
 9 " Limit each leader to his particular charge." " The limit of your 
 
 lives is out." 
 
 10 " Enos lived ninety years." 
 
 11 On the fourth day of July we celebrate the signing of the Dec- 
 
 laration of Independence. 
 
 12 Long before the final decision of the judge, the verdict of public 
 
 opinion will already have been given. 
 
 13 " I doubt not but I shall make it plain, and also brief." 
 
 14 Be careful to distinguish the words " loose " and " lose" 
 
 15 Of what profit is it to gain wealth and lose character? 
 
 16 The clerks in the Patent Bureau are kept very busy. 
 
 17 On opening the valise it was found to be empty. 
 
 18 " It would be easy to attack them." 
 
 19 " He sat down with the twelve" 
 
 20 " Though He may slay me, yet will I trust Him." 
 
 21 It did not occur to him to advance this argument. 
 
 22 " He that is not with me is against me." 
 
 23 " When the glad soul is made Heaven's welcome guest." 
 
 24 Confusion sometimes arises in our language from the triple 
 
 meaning of " that," which with us is a demonstrative pronoun, 
 a relative pronoun, and a conjunction. 
 
 25 " May all perish thus, that seek to subjugate or lessen us." 
 
 13 
 
FOURTH LESSON-Short Words Commonly Misspelled 
 
 advice 
 
 ad-vis' 
 
 Something said or written as by way of 
 
 
 
 counsel. 
 
 advise 
 
 ad-viz' 
 
 To offer an opinion to, by way of counsel. 
 
 oblige 
 
 6-blij' 
 
 To render indebted. 
 
 movable 
 
 mov'-a-b'l 
 
 Not fixed or stationary. 
 
 steadily 
 
 st$d'-I-ly 
 
 With steadiness. 
 
 separate 
 
 s6p'-a-rat 
 
 To disunite; to divide; to part. 
 
 fiery 
 
 fT-er-y 
 
 Of or pertaining to fire; spirited. 
 
 purchase 
 
 pur'-chas 
 
 To obtain or secure as one's own by paying 
 
 
 
 or promising to pay a price. 
 
 burial 
 
 ber'-rl-al 
 
 The act or process of burying, especially a 
 
 
 
 dead body. 
 
 seize 
 
 sez 
 
 To clutch ; to take possession of by author- 
 
 
 
 ity ; to affect suddenly. 
 
 shield 
 
 sheld 
 
 To cover from danger; defend; a broad 
 
 
 
 piece of defensive armor. 
 
 nonsense 
 
 n6n'-sns 
 
 That which is without good sense ; absurdity. 
 
 expel 
 
 Sks-pel' 
 
 To drive out or off by force or by authority. 
 
 although 
 
 al-tho' 
 
 Admitting or granting that; notwithstand- 
 
 
 
 ing. 
 
 describe 
 
 de-skrib' 
 
 To give the characteristics of; delineate; 
 
 
 
 outline. 
 
 valuable 
 
 val'-u-a-b'l 
 
 Having financial worth ; costly. 
 
 usually 
 
 u'-zhu-al-ly 
 
 Such as commonly occurs in the ordinary 
 
 
 
 course of events; common. 
 
 holiday 
 
 h6l'-I-da 
 
 A day of rest set apart for celebration. 
 
 presence 
 
 prSs'-6ns 
 
 Opposed to absence; bearing. 
 
 descend 
 
 de-sSnd' 
 
 To go down ; from a higher to a lower point. 
 
 apparel 
 
 ap-pSr'-el 
 
 To put clothes on; the things collectively 
 
 
 
 with which one is clad. 
 
 dutiful 
 
 du'-tl-ful 
 
 Performing the duties or obligations of one's 
 
 
 
 position ; obedient. 
 
 biscuit 
 
 bls'-klt 
 
 A soft cake, unsweetened, often eaten hot. 
 
 pursuit 
 
 pur-sut' 
 
 An earnest endeavor to attain ; business or 
 
 
 
 occupation. 
 
 doubtful 
 
 doubt'-ful 
 
 Uncertain ; undecided ; contingent. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : serious, prepare, prevail, forcible 
 
 14 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " Home Tooke's advice to the Friends of the People was profound : 
 
 * If you wish to be powerful, pretend to be powerful.' " 
 
 2 " David Hume, from his deathbed, advised his country to give up 
 
 the war with America, in which defeat would destroy its 
 credit, and success, its liberty." 
 
 3 " What is against right reason, no faith can oblige us to believe." 
 
 4 " Some of the church festivals are movable" 
 
 5 By earnest endeavor he moved steadily toward the front. 
 
 6 " If on a fair trial it be found that Great Britain and Ireland can 
 
 not exist happily together, as parts of one empire, in God's 
 name let them separate." 
 
 7 He spoke at length of " the most fiery and restless race, the 
 
 Scotch-Irish." 
 
 8 " Nobody doubts now, nor has doubted since the abolition of 
 
 slavery, that the purchase of Louisiana was an act of sound 
 statesmanship. ' ' 
 
 9 "Among the many curious habits of the pagan Irish, one of the 
 
 most significant was that of perpendicular 'burial" 
 
 10 "But pleasures are like poppies spread 
 
 You seize the flower, its bloom is shed." 
 " A nation at war has a right to seize its enemy's property." 
 
 11 " Thou who trodst the billowy sea, 
 
 Shield us in our jeopardy." 
 
 12 " The theory was regarded as pure nonsense. 11 
 
 13 " All classes of Protestants combined to expel him (James II) 
 
 from his throne." 
 
 14 " He may not spare, although he were his brother." 
 
 15 " Nothing is more difficult than to describe a really beautiful coun- 
 
 tenance." 
 
 16 Diamonds are valuable, but not priceless. 
 
 17 This is not usually done in this way. 
 
 18 " Envy has no holidays, because it always finds matter to work 
 
 on." 
 
 19 " The two armies were now fairly in the presence of each other." 
 
 20 " Silent and soft and slow descends the snow." 
 
 21 " The apparel oft proclaims the man." 
 
 22 " O, make us day by day like Him to grow : more beautiful and 
 
 good, more dutiful and meek." 
 
 23 People of the South are very fond of hot biscuit. 
 
 24 Business pursuits are more popular than ever before. 
 
 25 " When the sun of that day went down, the event of independence 
 
 was no longer doubtful." 
 
 15 
 
FIFTH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 gallon 
 
 anticipate 
 
 financial 
 
 tenacious 
 
 bargain 
 
 officiate 
 
 pursuance 
 
 ineligible 
 
 which 
 
 infallible 
 
 tension 
 
 syntax 
 
 busy 
 
 jealousy 
 
 assessment 
 
 impropriety 
 
 almost 
 
 adulterate 
 
 lessons 
 
 obituary 
 
 again 
 
 embezzle 
 
 ceremony 
 
 literature 
 
 teach 
 
 lenient 
 
 neglected 
 
 aristocracy 
 
 such 
 
 indefinite 
 
 millinery 
 
 delicacy 
 
 muscle 
 
 latter 
 
 temporary 
 
 doing 
 
 height 
 
 victuals 
 
 liquidate 
 
 executive 
 
 neither 
 
 ancient 
 
 accommodate 
 
 dangerous 
 
 model 
 
 provided 
 
 impatience 
 
 sympathetic 
 
 shriek 
 
 requirements 
 
 indispensable 
 
 arguments 
 
 until 
 
 intimate 
 
 actually 
 
 shipped 
 
 chief 
 
 option 
 
 descriptive 
 
 satchel 
 
 busily 
 
 pamphlet 
 
 creditor 
 
 tuition 
 
 coming 
 
 explanatory 
 
 respectively 
 
 thorough 
 
 pierce 
 
 transferring 
 
 delusion 
 
 valid 
 
 already 
 
 sustained 
 
 average 
 
 flexible 
 
 bureau 
 
 relationship 
 
 identical 
 
 quotation 
 
 oblige 
 
 feature 
 
 insight 
 
 security 
 
 movable 
 
 triumphantly 
 
 invigoration 
 
 asylum 
 
 separate 
 
 incumbrance 
 
 daytime 
 
 condemn 
 
 burial 
 
 strengthened 
 
 auxiliary 
 
 incorporate 
 
 expel 
 
 claimant 
 
 abolish 
 
 acceptance 
 
 16 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 Q FELLING is largely a matter of association, and 
 ^ the eye, the ear, and the motor must be appealed 
 to so as to produce the strongest combination of 
 sensory elements. Care, then, in the right kind of 
 oral preparation, with considerable oral test before 
 writing, training pupils to build up words by using 
 the small unities^into which words can be divided, 
 is a method of teaching spelling productive of the 
 best all-round results. The Teacher. 
 
 17 
 
SIXTH LESSON Short Words Commonly Misspelled 
 
 freight 
 
 frat 
 
 Goods transported by public carriers ; the 
 
 
 
 charges for goods transported. 
 
 quarrel 
 
 quar'-rSl 
 
 To break friendship or harmony; to find 
 
 
 
 fault; disagree; unfriendly dispute. 
 
 together 
 
 to-geth'-er 
 
 Mutually; at the same moment or time. 
 
 faithful 
 
 fath'-ful 
 
 True or trustworthy in the performance of 
 
 
 
 duty, especially obligations and promises. 
 
 eleven 
 
 -lv"n 
 
 The sum of ten and one. 
 
 through 
 
 thru 
 
 All the way; by means of. 
 
 thorough 
 
 thur'-o 
 
 Going through and through; marked by 
 
 
 
 careful attention throughout ; searching. 
 
 luckily 
 
 luk'-I-ly 
 
 In a lucky manner ; favored by good for- 
 
 
 
 tune. 
 
 aloud 
 
 a-loud' 
 
 Audible; opposed to silence. 
 
 believe 
 
 be-leV 
 
 To accept as true on the testimony or au- 
 
 
 
 thority of others; to be convinced of. 
 
 useful 
 
 us'-ful 
 
 Serving use or purpose, especially a valu- 
 
 
 
 able one; beneficial. 
 
 figure 
 
 flg'-ur 
 
 Shape ; outline ; appearance ; to compute. 
 
 nineteen 
 
 nm'-ten 
 
 The sum of nine and ten. 
 
 beginning 
 
 be-gln'-nlng 
 
 The starting-point in space, time, action or 
 
 
 
 being; the source. 
 
 belief 
 
 b*-lef 
 
 Probable knowledge; rational conviction. 
 
 salable 
 
 sal'-a-b'l 
 
 That which may be sold; marketable. 
 
 perhaps 
 
 per-haps' 
 
 It may be ; possibly ; uncertainty. 
 
 because 
 
 be-kaz' 
 
 For the reason that ; since ; by reason of. 
 
 welfare 
 
 wel'-far 
 
 Condition of faring well ; prosperity. 
 
 circuit 
 
 ser'-klt 
 
 Distance around; compass; the entire 
 
 
 
 course traversed by an electric current. 
 
 grieve 
 
 grev 
 
 To cause to experience grief ; inflict sor- 
 
 
 
 row upon ; to suffer mentally. 
 
 receive 
 
 r&-sev' 
 
 To obtain as a result of delivery ; to ad- 
 
 
 
 mit to entrance; to perceive mentally. 
 
 fulfill 
 
 fyl-fll' 
 
 To make good the provisions or purport 
 
 
 
 of ; accomplish ; complete ; perform. 
 
 excel 
 
 ek-seT 
 
 To go beyond properly, in something 
 
 
 
 good or praiseworthy ; outdo. 
 
 usage 
 
 uz'-aj 
 
 The manner of use or treating a person or 
 
 
 
 thing ; custom. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : equal, murmur, heir, altar 
 
 IS 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " The master cannot detain the goods on board the ship until the 
 
 freight be paid." 
 
 2 " We will not quarrel with ambition when it is wise enough to 
 
 devote itself to the happiness of mankind." 
 
 3 " They were linked together by a chain which adverse hazard and 
 
 mischance has forged." 
 
 4 " But no one has yet pointed out an instance wherein he has failed 
 
 to give a faithful representation of the characters." 
 
 5 " Yale had the ball, and she drove the opposing eleven, despite its 
 
 stubborn resistance, steadily down the field." 
 
 6 " Peace to the just man's memory ; let it grow greater with the 
 
 years and blossom through the flight of ages." 
 
 7 " Given good officers, there are no men in the world who admit of 
 
 more thorough discipline than native-born Americans." 
 
 8 Luckily, the financial condition of the bank was such as to render 
 
 a run on it impossible of disastrous results. 
 
 9 " Bondage is hoarse and may not speak aloud." 
 
 10 " Nothing is too absurd to be believed by a populace which has not 
 
 breakfasted and which does not know how it is to dine." 
 
 11 " Several of us were corrected by our fathers ; and, though I 
 
 pleaded the usefulness of the work, mine convinced me that 
 nothing was useful which was not honest." 
 
 12 " Flowers have all exquisite figures." 
 
 13 Nineteen is a cardinal number. 
 
 14 " The American Declaration of Independence was the beginning of 
 
 new ages." 
 
 15 Nothing could upset his belief in the ultimate success of the en- 
 
 terprise. 
 
 16 " Allowances must be made for the necessity of a certain amount 
 
 of abuse and ridicule in a review, in order to make it salable." 
 
 17 " The future's great veil our breath fitfully flaps, 
 
 And behind it broods ever the mighty perhaps." 
 
 18 " My strength is as the strength of ten because my heart is pure." 
 
 19 The welfare of the nation depends on the enterprise and frugality 
 
 of the people. 
 
 20 He made a vain effort to close the circuit. 
 
 21 " Do not grieve at this." 
 
 22 The message was received too late. 
 
 23 He did not fulfill his promise, and the prophecy was fulfilled. 
 
 24 " In narrative, clearness, grace and spirit, at least, it is not excelled, 
 
 scarcely equaled, by any other completed historical work." 
 
 25 " He complained that he had met with usage the like of which had 
 
 been offered to none since the establishment of Christianity in 
 Sweden." 
 
 19 
 
SEVENTH LESSON-Words havinglong I in last syllable 
 
 authorize 
 
 6-thor-Iz 
 
 To empower; to give authority. 
 
 aspire 
 
 as-pir' 
 
 To seek to attain something high or great. 
 
 arrive 
 
 ar-riv' 
 
 To reach by progressive motion. 
 
 conspire 
 confide 
 
 kon-spir' 
 kan-fid' 
 
 To plot together; to concur to one end; to 
 agree. 
 To repose confidence in; to trust. 
 
 condign 
 
 k6n-din' 
 
 Suitable to the fault or crime. 
 
 define 
 desire 
 despise 
 
 de-fin' 
 de-zlr' 
 de-spiz' 
 
 To fix the bounds of ; to describe accurately ; 
 to explain. 
 To wish for earnestly; an eager wish to ob- 
 tain or enioy. 
 To look down upon with disfavor or contempt. 
 
 decide 
 
 de-sid' 
 
 To give decision; to come to a conclusion. 
 
 expire 
 
 eks-pir' 
 
 To exhale; to bring to a close. 
 
 invite 
 
 m-vit' 
 
 To ask ; to request the company of. 
 
 inquire 
 
 In-kwir' 
 
 To ask about. 
 
 inspire 
 
 In-spir' 
 
 To inhale ; to infuse into. 
 
 incline 
 
 In-klln' 
 
 To lean ; to slant ; to influence. 
 
 incite 
 
 In-sit' 
 
 To move to action ; to stir up. 
 
 perspire 
 
 per-spir' 
 
 To excrete matter through pores. 
 
 provide 
 
 pro-vid' 
 
 To supply ; to furnish. 
 
 resign 
 
 re-zm' 
 
 To surrender ; to give up ; to relinquish. 
 
 retire 
 
 re-tir' 
 
 To withdraw ; to retreat. 
 
 revive 
 
 surprise 
 subside 
 
 re-viv' 
 
 sur-priz' 
 
 sub-sid' 
 
 To bring again to life; to bring into action 
 after suspension. 
 To take unawares. 
 
 To become tranquil ; to become lower. 
 
 survive 
 
 sur-viv' 
 
 To remain alive; to outlive. 
 
 subscribe 
 
 sub-skrib' 
 
 To write underneath ; to give consent to. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : coincide, baptize, eulogize, paralyze 
 
 20 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 We have written Mr. Hamilton to authorize this expenditure. 
 
 2 " The conqueror of Gaul aspired to the glory of adding Britain to 
 
 the dominions of Rome." 
 
 3 " It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at the truth." 
 
 4 " The press, the pulpit, and the state conspire to censure and ex- 
 
 pose our age." 
 
 5 "Judge before friendship, then confide till death." 
 
 6 " Our Savior has brought out very distinctly the fact that the 
 
 misapplication of small abilities will meet with condign pun- 
 ishment." 
 
 7 " Politeness has been well defined as benevolence in small things." 
 
 8 " Every man desires to live long, but no man would be old." 
 " His desire for wealth was insatiable." 
 
 9 " Men despise what they may be masters of, and affect what they 
 
 are not fit for." 
 
 10 "Who shall decide when doctors disagree?" 
 
 11 " His lease on the property will expire to-morrow." 
 
 12 " The cowardice that yields to threats invites them." 
 
 13 We shall inquire into the matter and report the result as soon 
 
 as possible. 
 
 14 Inspire means also to fill with what animates, enlivens and 
 
 exalts; as, to inspire a child with sentiments of virtue. 
 
 15 " Incline our hearts to keep this law." 
 
 16 " He was incited to greater efforts by the rewards held out to 
 
 him." 
 
 17 " Firs perspire a fine balsam of turpentine." 
 
 18 " He is a fool that provides not for that which will most certainly 
 
 come." 
 
 19 " It is said that the two happiest days of a man's life are the day 
 
 when he accepts a high office and the day when he resigns it." 
 
 20 " The one class which it seems to me desirable to retire perma- 
 
 nently and for all time, is the professional politician." 
 
 21 " It was observed, as far back as the beginning of the present 
 
 century, that certain metals could be revived from solutions of 
 their salts on the passage of a current of electricity." 
 
 22 " Nothing excites surprise except what is contrary to a prior ex- 
 
 pectation, and breaks in upon ideal order already established 
 in the mind." 
 
 23 " In case of danger, pride and envy naturally subside" 
 
 24 " Domestic happiness, thou only bliss 
 
 Of Paradise that has survived the fall ! " 
 
 25 The students who made the best progress subscribed to the 
 
 magazine. 
 
 21 
 
EIGHTH LESSON NT ~ H vi , ng the P wer of > <> r continuing to. 
 ANCE btate or condition of. 
 
 relevant 
 observant 
 
 rl'-4-vant 
 6b-zerv'-ant 
 
 Properly applying to the case in 
 hand. 
 Taking notice; attentive. 
 
 defiance 
 discordant 
 
 de-fi'-ans 
 dls-k6rd'-ant 
 
 The act of defying; provoking to 
 combat. 
 Not harmonious. 
 
 reluctant 
 
 re-luk'-tant 
 
 Unwilling or disinclined. 
 
 accordance 
 
 ak-k6rd'-ans 
 
 Harmony ; conformity. 
 
 suppliant 
 
 sup'-pll-ant 
 
 A humble petitioner. 
 
 tolerance 
 
 tol'-er-ans 
 
 The power or capacity of endurance. 
 
 elegant 
 
 el'-e-gant 
 
 Very choice ; pleasing to good taste. 
 
 resonance 
 
 rez'-o-nans 
 
 The act of resounding. 
 
 benignant 
 
 be-nlg'-nant 
 
 Kind ; gracious. 
 
 consonant 
 abundance 
 
 kon'-so-nant 
 a-bun'-dans 
 
 An alphabetical sign; being in 
 agreement with; consistent. 
 An overflowing fullness. 
 
 expectant 
 significance 
 
 eks-p6kt'-ant 
 slg-nlf'-I-kans 
 
 Waiting in expectation or looking 
 for. 
 Meaning ; import ; consequence. 
 
 participant 
 predominant 
 
 par-tls'-I-pant 
 pre-dom'-I-nant 
 
 A partaker. 
 Having the ascendency over others. 
 
 exorbitant 
 
 6gz-6r'-bl-tant 
 
 .Excessive ; extravagant. 
 
 compliance 
 
 kom-pli'-ans 
 
 A disposition to yield to others. 
 
 resistance 
 
 re-zlsf-ans 
 
 Opposition. 
 
 unpleasant 
 
 un-pl6z'-ant 
 
 Displeasing ; offensive. 
 
 indignant 
 pursuant 
 distance 
 repugnant 
 
 In-dlg'-nant 
 ptir-su'-ant 
 dls'-tans 
 re-pug'-nant 
 
 Affected with indignation; wrath- 
 ful; irate. 
 Acting in consequence or in prosecu- 
 tion of anything. 
 The space between two objects; re- 
 moteness of place. 
 Distasteful in a high degree. 
 
 Words to be applied : resonant, intolerant, elegance, abundant 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " It is only in such matters as are relevant to the issue that the 
 
 witness can be contradicted." 
 
 2 " He was uncommonly observant, and seemed to grasp every situ- 
 
 ation at a glance." 
 
 3 " They returned the fire with a defiance and a promptness that 
 
 augured ill for our chances of success." 
 
 4 " In Malta all animated nature was discordant." 
 
 5 " It is not with them as it was in the days of Milton, whose im- 
 
 mortal ' Paradise Lost ' drew five sterling pounds, with a con- 
 ditional offer of five from the reluctant bookseller." 
 
 6 The contract was in strict accordance with the law. 
 
 7 Dryden says : " Hear thy suppliant's prayer." 
 
 8 " The only true spirit of tolerance consists in our conscientious 
 
 toleration of each other's intolerances." 
 
 9 " We did not expect to find so much taste for elegant literature in 
 
 an old village deacon." 
 
 10 " The loud music of the Urbach was rendered mellow and volumi- 
 
 nous by the resonance of the chasm into which the torrent 
 leapt." 
 
 11 " I feel that benignant and wondrous presence, as one might feel 
 
 the passing of an angel in the dark." 
 
 12 " What she (New England) has done has been consonant with her 
 
 view of the general good." 
 
 13 " There the richest was poor, and the poorest lived in abundance" 
 
 14 " With longing eyes he sat, expectant of her." 
 
 15 " Her first venture of significance was in the field of translation." 
 
 16 " It was a rare privilege to have been a participant in the events 
 
 of the Civil War." 
 
 17 " Hadrian's character was a strange mixture of good and ill quali- 
 
 ties, but vanity was a predominant feature." 
 
 18 " The exorbitant power of the baron had been greatly reduced." 
 
 19 In compliance with your request, we have to-day mailed you the 
 
 papers. 
 
 20 " If there be not a constant spirit of jealousy and of resistance on 
 
 the part of the people, every monarchy will gradually harden 
 into a despotism." 
 
 21 His unpleasant manners caused him to be heartily disliked. 
 
 22 One becomes indignant at unworthy or unjust treatment, or at 
 
 a degrading accusation. 
 
 23 " Pursuant to the king's orders, I passed the night before last * * 
 
 waiting upon the friends of the king." 
 
 24 " 'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view." 
 
 25 " How many young people, by their repugnant manners, lose op- 
 
 portunities for becoming successful ! " 
 
 23 
 
_ .__ _ . _, ^^ x T ENT An adjective suffix signifying action or being. 
 l\[l\ 1 i~l LjLLo^vJlN ENCE A noun suffix signifying action, state, or quality; 
 also that which relates to the action or state. 
 
 dependent 
 
 de-pend'-ent 
 
 Not self-sustaining ; subordinate ; 
 
 
 
 one who depends. 
 
 indulgent 
 
 In-dul'-jent 
 
 Tolerant ; not opposing or restrain- 
 
 
 
 ing; not severe. 
 
 different 
 
 dlf'-fer-ent 
 
 Not the same; distinct; totally 
 
 
 
 unlike ; dissimilar. 
 
 violent 
 
 vi'-6-lent 
 
 Forcible ; fierce ; furious. 
 
 precedent (adj.) 
 
 pre-ced'ent 
 
 Preceding; going before. 
 
 confident 
 
 kon'-fl-dent 
 
 Assured beyond doubt. 
 
 diligent 
 
 dll'-I-jent 
 
 Careful ; industrious. 
 
 correspondent 
 
 k6r-re-spond'- 
 
 Conformable ; one with whom in- 
 
 
 ent 
 
 tercourse is carried on by letters. 
 
 superintend- 
 
 su-per-m- 
 
 Overseeing ; managing. 
 
 ence 
 
 tend'-ens 
 
 
 inexpedient 
 
 In-Sks-pe'- 
 
 Unsuitable to the time and place. 
 
 
 dl-ent 
 
 
 emergent 
 
 e-mer'-jent 
 
 Suddenly appearing; coming to 
 
 
 
 light. 
 
 excellent 
 
 ek'-sel-lent 
 
 Superior; of great worth. 
 
 beneficence 
 
 be-nef'-I-sens 
 
 The practice of doing good ; active 
 
 
 
 goodness. 
 
 credence 
 
 kre'-dens 
 
 Belief ; credit ; confidence. 
 
 patience 
 
 pa'-shens 
 
 Uncomplaining endurance of suf- 
 
 
 
 fering or wrongs. 
 
 preference 
 
 pref'-er-ens 
 
 The act of preferring; choice; 
 
 
 
 power of choosing. 
 
 diffidence 
 
 dlf'-fl-dens 
 
 Lack of self-reliance; modesty; 
 
 
 
 bashfulness. 
 
 evidence 
 
 ev'-I-dens 
 
 Proof ; testimony. 
 
 negligence 
 
 neg'-ll-jens 
 
 Habitual neglect. 
 
 indolence 
 
 In'-do-lens 
 
 Habitual idleness ; laziness. 
 
 existence 
 
 egz-Ist'-ens 
 
 The state of existing or being; 
 
 
 
 continuance in being. 
 
 permanence 
 
 per'-man-ens 
 
 Duration ; fixedness. 
 
 affluence 
 
 af'-flu-ens 
 
 Abundance ; riches. 
 
 experience 
 
 eks-pe r -rl-ens 
 
 Personal and direct impressions -as 
 
 
 
 contrasted with descriptions or 
 
 
 
 fancies. 
 
 excellence 
 
 ek'-sel-lens 
 
 Superiority ; perfection. 
 
 Words to be applied : apparent, concurrence, impertinent, resplendent 
 
 24 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " England, long dependent and degraded, was again a power of 
 
 the first rank." 
 
 2 " The feeble old are indulgent of their ease." 
 
 3 " Men are as different from each other as the regions in which 
 
 they are born are different.' 1 Different is properly followed by 
 " from." 
 
 4 " Some violent hands were laid on Humphrey's life." 
 
 5 When the word " precedent " is used as a noun, the accent falls 
 
 on the first syllable, and it then means an authoritative ex- 
 ample. "A precedent (noun) is something which comes down 
 to us from the past with the sanction of usage." 
 
 6 " I am confident that very much can be done to relieve this situ- 
 
 ation." 
 
 7 " Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before 
 
 kings." 
 
 8 A correspondent who can infuse a cordial personality into his 
 
 letters is a valuable man in any business. 
 
 9 This was an admirable indication of the divine superintendence 
 
 and management. 
 
 10 " What is expedient at one time may be inexpedient at another." 
 
 11 " The mountains huge appear emergent, and their broad backs 
 
 upheave into the clouds." 
 
 12 The coloring in the picture was pronounced excellent by the 
 
 critics. 
 
 13 " He was spoken of as one whose beneficence seemed to be inex- 
 
 haustible." 
 
 14 Such an assertion might easily find credence. 
 
 15 Patience implies the quietness of self-possession of one's own 
 
 spirit under sufferings, provocations, etc. 
 
 16 "The knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, 
 
 and preference of one man's knowledge over another." 
 
 17 " In business, diffidence is a distinct disadvantage." 
 
 18 We are apt to believe the evidence of our senses. 
 
 19 "As now generally used, negligence is the habit, and neglect the 
 
 act of leaving things undone or unattended to." 
 
 20 " His life was spent in indolence and was therefore sad." 
 
 21 " The existence, therefore, of a phenomenon is but another word 
 
 for its being preserved." 
 
 22 The permanence of these institutions is assured." 
 
 23 Goldsmith speaks of " an old age of elegant affluence and ease." 
 
 24 " I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is 
 
 the lamp of experience." 
 
 25 " The excellence of the performance was acknowledged by all." 
 
TENTH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 dependent 
 
 premier 
 
 proficient 
 
 predominant 
 
 together 
 
 occupy 
 
 allegiance 
 
 memorable 
 
 eleven 
 
 restitution 
 
 bivouac 
 
 rheumatism 
 
 thorough 
 
 impunity 
 
 erysipelas 
 
 discrepancy 
 
 believe 
 
 vanity 
 
 vocalist 
 
 countermand 
 
 useful 
 
 clique 
 
 mosquito 
 
 predicament 
 
 precedent 
 
 rescue 
 
 author 
 
 construction 
 
 superintend 
 
 recently 
 
 frolic 
 
 competitor 
 
 height 
 
 compose 
 
 stringent 
 
 responsible 
 
 patience 
 
 incisive 
 
 conquer 
 
 disappoint 
 
 wrought 
 
 utility 
 
 discipline 
 
 conscientious 
 
 existence 
 
 attribute 
 
 oratory 
 
 attempt 
 
 advise 
 
 cancel 
 
 forfeit 
 
 blizzard 
 
 conspire 
 
 deficient 
 
 parasol 
 
 governor 
 
 define 
 
 village 
 
 legitimate 
 
 dignified 
 
 inquire 
 
 electricity 
 
 cipher 
 
 schedule 
 
 provide 
 
 fallible 
 
 replied 
 
 securities 
 
 surprise 
 
 inquire 
 
 describing 
 
 apology 
 
 relevant 
 
 vouch 
 
 delivered 
 
 collateral 
 
 defiance 
 
 remodel 
 
 doubtless 
 
 spacing 
 
 tolerance 
 
 poultry 
 
 intimidate 
 
 satisfactorily 
 
 expectant 
 
 beverage 
 
 executrix 
 
 neighbor 
 
 exorbitant 
 
 chronicle 
 
 imitators 
 
 usually 
 
 resistance 
 
 comrade 
 
 shipment 
 
 recollection 
 
 nonsense 
 
 festival 
 
 probable 
 
 externally 
 
 26 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 "TT THEN we have practiced good actions awhile, 
 ** they become easy; when they are easy, we 
 take pleasure in them; when they please us, we do 
 them frequently; and then, by frequency of act, they 
 grow into a habit. Tillotson. 
 
 27 
 
E 
 
 LEVEN 
 
 TH LESSON I before E 
 
 believe 
 
 be-lev' 
 
 To accept as true ; to place confidence in. 
 
 chieftain 
 
 chef-tin 
 
 A chief. 
 
 retrieve 
 
 re-trev' 
 
 To recover; to regain. 
 
 apiece 
 
 a-pes' 
 
 By the single one ; to each. 
 
 reprieve 
 
 re preV 
 
 A temporary suspension of the execution of a 
 
 
 
 sentence ; respite. 
 
 relief 
 
 re-lef 
 
 The removal of anything burdensome, by 
 
 
 
 which some ease is obtained. 
 
 aggrieve 
 
 ag-grev' 
 
 To give pain or sorrow. 
 
 relieve 
 
 re-lev' 
 
 To free from any burden, trial, etc. 
 
 achieve 
 
 a-chev' 
 
 To succeed in gaining. 
 
 thievish 
 
 thev'-ish 
 
 Given to stealing. 
 
 pierce 
 
 pers 
 
 To penetrate with a pointed instrument. 
 
 fiend 
 
 fend 
 
 One who is diabolically wicked or cruel. 
 
 shriek 
 
 shrek 
 
 To utter a loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry. 
 
 E before I 
 
 receipt 
 
 re-set' 
 
 An acknowledgment of money paid; recep- 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 receive 
 
 re-sev' 
 
 To accept; to take in. 
 
 either 
 
 e'-ther 
 
 One of two. 
 
 perceive 
 
 per-sev' 
 
 To obtain knowledge of through the senses. 
 
 seizing 
 
 sez'-Ing 
 
 The act of taking or grasping suddenly. 
 
 neither 
 
 ne'-ther 
 
 Not the one or the other. 
 
 ceiling 
 
 seT-Ing 
 
 The top inside lining of a room. 
 
 conceive 
 
 k<3n-sev' 
 
 To form in the mind ; to originate. 
 
 deceive 
 
 de-sev' 
 
 To cause to believe what is false. 
 
 conceit 
 
 kon-set' 
 
 A fanciful, odd or extravagant notion. 
 
 deceit 
 
 de-set' 
 
 An attempt or disposition to deceive or lead 
 
 
 
 into error. 
 
 seizure 
 
 sez'-zhur 
 
 The act of seizing. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : 'brief, sieve, yield, receivable 
 
 28 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " The great triad of moral truths in which the morally-minded 
 
 man believes Freedom, Immortality, and God." 
 
 2 " Chieftain, tell us a story." 
 
 3 " Cortes, anxious to retrieve the disgrace of the morning, ordered 
 
 an assault on the larger, and, as it seems, more practicable 
 eminence." 
 
 4 " And there were set there six water-bottles of stone * * * 
 
 containing two or three firkins apiece." 
 
 5 After a brief reprieve, he was again sent to prison. 
 
 6 In the famous railway strike the operators sought and obtained 
 
 relief by the injunctional restraint of the strikers. 
 
 7 " There was scarcely a family in the realm that did not feel itself 
 
 aggrieved by the oppression and extortion which this abuse 
 naturally caused." 
 
 8 " ' The greatest object in the universe,' says a certain philosopher, 
 
 ' is a good man struggling with adversity ; ' yet there is still a 
 greater, which is the good man that comes to relieve it." 
 
 9 " The man who seeks one thing in life, and but one, may hope to 
 
 achieve it before life is done." 
 
 10 " The thievish years have sucked his sap away, 
 
 Pillaging his strength and filching his will and wit." 
 
 11 A shot from the Massachusetts pierced the torpedo tube. 
 
 12 " No man becomes at once, and of a sudden, either a fiend or a 
 
 saint." 
 
 13 We could distinctly hear the shriek of the approaching locomotive. 
 
 14 Receipts may be either mere acknowledgments of payment or 
 
 delivery, or they may also contain a contract to do something 
 in relation to the thing delivered. 
 
 15 " Columbus had an audience of the queen, and the benignity with 
 
 which she received him atoned for all past neglect." 
 
 16 " Real friendship never hesitates either to give or accept a favor." 
 
 17 I perceived his error in thought. 
 
 18 The seizing of the goods caused considerable excitement. 
 
 19 " It is difficult to negotiate where neither will trust." 
 
 20 " The ceiling is arched and lofty." 
 
 21 " Pilgrim's Progress * * * is conceived in the large, wide spirit 
 
 of humanity itself." 
 
 22 The beggar could not deceive me with his story of poverty. 
 
 23 " The innocent conceits that, like a needless eyeglass or black 
 
 patch, give those who wear them harmless happiness." 
 
 24 " Enlighten my understanding with knowledge of right, and gov- 
 
 ern my will by thy laws, that no deceit may mislead me nor 
 temptation corrupt me." 
 
 25 The seizure of the goods by the sheriff was declared unlawful. 
 
 29 
 
TWELFTH LESSON-Words in which S has thesoundof Z 
 
 suppose 
 franchise 
 advertise 
 disguise 
 
 sup-poz' 
 fran'-chiz 
 ad'-ver-tiz 
 dls-giz' 
 
 To believe ; to imagine or admit to exist 
 for the sake of argument or illustration. 
 A constitutional or statutory right or 
 privilege. 
 To give public notice of, especially 
 printed notice. 
 To change the appearance of. 
 
 possession 
 advise 
 
 poz-zesh'-im 
 ad-viz' 
 
 The act or state of possessing or hold- 
 ing one's own. 
 To give advice to. 
 
 criticise 
 cosmetic 
 reserve 
 chastise 
 
 krlt'-I-siz 
 koz-met'-Ik 
 re-zerv' 
 chas-tiz' 
 
 To pass literary or artistic judgment 
 upon; to find fault with. 
 Any external application intended to 
 beautify the complexion. 
 To keep back; to keep in store for 
 future or special use. 
 To punish. 
 
 reprisal 
 
 re-priz'-al 
 
 Any act of retaliation. 
 
 supervise 
 
 su-per-viz' 
 
 To superintend. 
 
 present 
 
 pre-zent' 
 
 To set forth ; to introduce formally. 
 
 compromise 
 comprise 
 
 kom'-pro-mlz 
 kSm-priz' 
 
 A settlement by mutual consent reached 
 by concessions on both sides. 
 To include; to contain. 
 
 disease 
 
 dlz-ez' 
 
 Malady ; affection ; illness ; sickness. 
 
 collision 
 revise 
 
 kol-llzh'-un 
 re- viz' 
 
 A striking together, as of two hard 
 bodies. 
 To look at again for detection of errors. 
 
 enterprise 
 
 en'-ter-priz 
 
 Something attempted to be performed. 
 
 applause 
 
 ap-plaz' 
 
 Commendation ; approval. 
 
 decision 
 surmise 
 
 de-slzh'-un 
 sur-miz' 
 
 An account or report of a conclusion ; 
 prompt and fixed determination. 
 To infer on slight grounds. 
 
 preside 
 devise 
 
 pre-zid' 
 de-viz' 
 
 To direct, control and regulate as first 
 officer. 
 To contrive; to formulate by thought. 
 
 resemble 
 
 re-zem'-b'l 
 
 To be like or similar to. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : allusion, reservoir, improvise, despise 
 
 30 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " Virtue is the fruit of exertion ; it supposes conquest of tempta- 
 
 tion." 
 
 2 The General Assembly would listen to no proposition except for 
 
 an engagement of fidelity as a condition of exercising the 
 elective franchise. 
 
 3 Macaulay says of Walpole : " Patriots had begged him to come 
 
 up to the price of their puffed and advertised integrity." 
 
 4 " The policy of wise rulers has always been to disguise strong acts 
 
 under popular forms." 
 
 5 " When we are in the satisfaction of some innocent pleasure, or 
 
 pursuit of some laudable design, we are in possession of life." 
 
 6 I would advise that action be taken at once. 
 
 7 He was severely criticised for supporting the measure. 
 
 8 " What cosmetics are to the face, wit is to the temper." 
 
 9 " There was a certain simplicity that made every one her friend, 
 
 but it was combined with a subtle attribute of reserve." 
 
 10 " My father has chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you 
 
 with scorpions." 
 
 11 Specifically, reprisal means the act of retorting on an enemy by 
 
 inflicting suffering or death on a prisoner. 
 
 12 The noted architect has been engaged to supervise the construc- 
 
 tion of the building. 
 
 13 We present foreign ministers to the president ; we introduce, or 
 
 should introduce, our friends to each other. 
 
 14 " They enslave their children's children, who compromise with 
 
 sin." 
 
 15 His outfit comprised merely a driver, mid-iron, and putter. 
 
 16 " He who is fatally diseased in one organ necessarily pays the pen- 
 
 alty with his life, though all the others be in perfect health." 
 
 17 A serious collision was narrowly averted. 
 
 18 He undertook to revise the book, but found the work so tedious 
 
 that he gave it up. 
 
 19 Americans are famous the world over for their enterprise. 
 
 20 The singing of Sembrich was greeted with tremendous applause. 
 
 21 The decision of the Supreme Court in this case met with the 
 
 hearty approval of the people. 
 
 22 " The greenish-colored coat which he had on forbade me to sur- 
 
 mise that he was a clergyman." 
 
 23 The Vice-President of the United States presides over the Senate. 
 
 24 They will attempt to devise ways and means for increasing the 
 
 business. 
 
 25 Glaciers resemble rivers in some respects. 
 
 31 
 
I-T-IT TT T-V i-r-ir- i- x TT'T T T T~ o o /^NX T Able and ible that which mayor can be. 
 1 HIRTELN 1 H LLSSON Final e of the root word is dropped except 
 
 
 
 alter c and g. 
 
 impossible 
 
 Im-pos'-sl-b'l 
 
 Beyond the reach of power to ac- 
 
 
 
 complish. 
 
 blamable 
 
 blam'-a-b'l 
 
 Meriting blame or censure. 
 
 admissible 
 
 ad-mls'-sl-b'l 
 
 Such as may be admitted, conceded 
 
 
 
 or allowed. 
 
 flexible 
 
 fleks'-I-b'l 
 
 Capable of being bent without break- 
 
 
 
 ing ; manageable. 
 
 feasible 
 
 fezM-b'l 
 
 Capable of being done; practicable. 
 
 inexhaustible 
 
 In-eks-ast'-I-b'l 
 
 Incapable of being exhausted; un- 
 
 
 
 failing. 
 
 infallible 
 
 m-fal'-ll-b'l 
 
 Exempt from fallacy or error of 
 
 
 
 judgment, as in opinion. 
 
 invisible 
 
 In-vIz'-I-b'l 
 
 Incapable of being seen; not per- 
 
 
 
 ceptible by vision. 
 
 legible 
 
 lej'-I-b'l 
 
 Capable of being easily read. 
 
 plausible 
 
 plaz'-I-b'l 
 
 Seeming likely to be true, though 
 
 
 
 open to doubt. 
 
 acceptable 
 
 ak-sept'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being accepted; gratify- 
 
 
 
 ing ; agreeable. 
 
 contemptible 
 
 kon-temt'-I-b'l 
 
 Deserving of contempt ; despised. 
 
 passable 
 
 pas'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being passed; fairly 
 
 
 
 good ; moderate. 
 
 obtainable 
 
 6b-tan'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being obtained or pro- 
 
 
 
 cured. 
 
 movable 
 
 mov'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being moved, as from 
 
 
 
 one place to another. 
 
 teachable 
 
 tech'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being and willing to be 
 
 
 
 taught ; apt to learn ; docile. 
 
 receivable 
 
 re-sev'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being received. 
 
 ratable 
 
 rat'-a-b'l 
 
 Subject to assessment. 
 
 manageable 
 
 man'-aj-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being managed, con- 
 
 
 
 trolled or handled; tractable. 
 
 chargeable 
 
 charj'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being or rightfully 
 
 
 
 charged. 
 
 payable 
 
 pa'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being discharged by pay- 
 
 
 
 ment; justly due. 
 
 changeable 
 
 chanj'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being changed; alter- 
 
 
 
 able ; changeful ; inconsistent. 
 
 salable 
 
 sal'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being sold; marketable. 
 
 curable 
 
 kur'-a-b'l 
 
 Susceptible of being cured. 
 
 excusable 
 
 gks-kuz'-a-b'l 
 
 Admitting of excuse or pardon; 
 
 
 
 justifiable. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : taxable, reversible, eatable, audible 
 
 32 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " Few things are impossible to diligence and skill." 
 
 2 " In the centuries men are not born demi-gods and perfect charac- 
 
 ters, but imperfect ones, and mere blamable men." 
 
 3 The hypothesis is admissible. 
 
 4 " A politician should be as flexible in little things as he is inflexible 
 
 in great." 
 
 5 " It was not feasible to gratify so many ambitions." 
 
 6 " He seemed to possess an inexhaustible store of anecdotes." 
 
 7 " As well might a man claim to be immortal in his body as infal- 
 
 lible in his mind." 
 
 8 " The problem is a better adjustment of the burdens of state and 
 
 local taxes, so as to make those pay their share who own 
 invisible or easily concealed property." 
 
 9 " The storm of contrary wind unfurls the banner, and makes 
 
 thereby its inscription the more legible." 
 
 10 " It is by this mixture of truth that the error is made plausible, 
 
 and insinuates itself into the minds of others." 
 
 11 " His proposition is acceptable to us." 
 
 12 " Weak at home and disregarded abroad is 'our present condition, 
 
 and contemptible enough it is." 
 
 13 The road is not passable for wagons. 
 
 14 Success is not obtainable without effort. 
 
 15 " The Chinese writing, from its enormous diversity of characters, 
 
 is not well suited to printing by movable types." 
 
 16 " If one has a teachable disposition, he cannot but be improved." 
 
 17 Any legal tender is receivable for taxes. 
 
 IS The share at which property is taxed is its ratable value. 
 
 19 Pie possessed a most unmanageable temper. 
 
 20 " Waste is the natural consequence of war, chargeable on those 
 
 who caused the war." 
 
 21 " Eighteen per cent per annum, payable monthly, was the enticing 
 
 rate of interest offered." 
 
 22 The changeable weather in Chicago is one of the disagreeable 
 
 features of life there. 
 
 23 It was conceded that the goods were not in a salable condition. 
 2^ His disease was pronounced curable. 
 
 25 He was declared to be excusable. 
 
 33 
 
CVM TDTTtrMTLJ T I7OO/^vTVT Regular verbs of one syllable ending with 
 F wUlx 1 JUlifN 1 rl LiliOOVJlN a sm gle consonant, after a single vowel, 
 double the last letter on adding ing or ed. 
 
 barred 
 
 bard 
 
 Obstructed. 
 
 blotting 
 stepped 
 
 blot'-tmg 
 stept 
 
 Staining as with ink ; to dry with blotting- 
 paper. 
 Measured off by steps ; walked. 
 
 pinning 
 
 pm'-nmg 
 
 Fastening by means of pins. 
 
 begging 
 
 beg'-gmg 
 
 Asking alms; entreating. 
 
 fretted 
 slammed 
 rubbing 
 
 fret'-ted 
 slamd 
 rub'-blng 
 
 Irritated; disturbed; ornamented with 
 fretwork. 
 Shut with force and a loud noise; to put 
 in place with force and loud noise. 
 Producing friction. 
 
 jarred 
 
 jard 
 
 Rudely shaken; shocked. 
 
 dipped 
 
 dipt 
 
 Put for a moment into any liquid. 
 
 planned 
 
 pland 
 
 Devised ; contrived. 
 
 shamming 
 
 sham'-mlng 
 
 Feigning; practicing deception. 
 
 digging 
 
 dlg'-gmg 
 
 Piercing or loosening as with a spade. 
 
 ridding 
 
 rld'-dlng 
 
 Freeing from. 
 
 rubbed 
 
 rubd 
 
 Past tense of rub. 
 
 rotting 
 
 r6t'-tmg 
 
 Decaying. 
 
 chopping 
 stirred 
 
 chop'-pmg 
 sterd 
 
 Cutting or striking repeatedly with a 
 sharp instrument. 
 Agitated. 
 
 grinning 
 
 grln'-nlng 
 
 Smiling sneeringly or snarlingly. 
 
 swapped 
 
 swopt 
 
 Exchanged. 
 
 trotting 
 trapped 
 
 tr6t'-ting 
 trapt 
 
 Proceeding by a certain gait peculiar to 
 quadrupeds. 
 Caught in a trap ; deceived. 
 
 wrapped 
 
 rapt 
 
 Enveloped completely. 
 
 robbing 
 spurred 
 
 r6b'-blng 
 spurd 
 
 Taking by force; stealing. 
 Urged forward. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences: Itlur, mar, hop, strap 
 
 34 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 He found the entrance barred by the bulky form of a policeman. 
 
 2 Here are some of the synonyms of blotting: staining, effacing, 
 
 smearing. 
 
 3 He stepped back just in time to prevent an awkward collision. 
 
 4 Pinning papers together often prevents serious loss of time. 
 
 5 He was discovered begging in the street. 
 
 6 " The cunning hand that carved this fretted door is stilled." 
 
 7 The door was slammed viciously as he approached the entrance. 
 
 8 Fine lenses are finished by rubbing with the hand. 
 
 9 The vibrations caused by the explosion jarred the valuable vase, 
 
 which fell from its pedestal. 
 
 10 They dipped the water from the well with a long-handled dipper. 
 
 11 The robbery had evidently been long planned. 
 
 12 It was soon discovered that he was shamming. 
 
 13 The digging of the Panama Canal involved an enormous amount 
 
 of labor, and the expenditure of large sums of money. 
 
 14 She thought there was no means of ridding herself of the habit. 
 
 15 The silver was rubbed until it shone like new. 
 
 16 The fruit lay rotting in the orchard. 
 
 17 Chopping trees was a favorite pastime of Gladstone's. 
 
 18 The action of his party stirred him to the bitterest hatred. 
 
 19 Grinning is not a sure sign of amiability. 
 
 20 Swapped is a word not much used nowadays. 
 
 21 Riding a trotting horse is not always agreeable, but it is said to 
 
 be excellent exercise. 
 
 22 The man was trapped into making the confession. 
 
 23 He wrapped his actions in mystery. 
 
 24 He confessed to robbing the city of hundreds of dollars. 
 
 25 Spurred to greater effort by their defeat of the day before, the 
 
 cavalry made a magnificent charge. 
 
 35 
 
FIFTEENTH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 believe 
 
 conducive 
 
 phaeton 
 
 inexhaustible 
 
 retrieve 
 
 exalted 
 
 comment 
 
 apprehension 
 
 suppose 
 
 hesitate 
 
 barter 
 
 authenticated 
 
 impossible 
 
 ingenious 
 
 seldom 
 
 admissible 
 
 barred 
 
 nuUify 
 
 competent 
 
 magnanimous 
 
 blotting 
 
 exertion 
 
 consignee 
 
 compromise 
 
 franchise 
 
 editor 
 
 tablet 
 
 unanimous 
 
 relief 
 
 penurious 
 
 fortune 
 
 irresistible 
 
 fretted 
 
 oppressive 
 
 cunning 
 
 bituminous 
 
 flexible 
 
 furniture 
 
 rational 
 
 co-operation 
 
 advertise 
 
 continue 
 
 comprise 
 
 objectionable 
 
 thievish 
 
 elapsed 
 
 assailable 
 
 insufficient 
 
 planning 
 
 vestibule 
 
 modify 
 
 continuous 
 
 criticise 
 
 diligence 
 
 athlete 
 
 subscription 
 
 shriek 
 
 pursuit 
 
 deliberate 
 
 accordingly 
 
 trotting 
 
 suburban 
 
 pedal 
 
 mimeograph 
 
 receipt 
 
 molasses 
 
 defray 
 
 unnecessary 
 
 legible 
 
 consistent 
 
 rascality 
 
 quinine 
 
 stern 
 
 worsted 
 
 journal 
 
 ponderous 
 
 ceiling 
 
 inquisitive 
 
 criterion 
 
 promptness 
 
 applause 
 
 originated 
 
 flannel 
 
 familiarize 
 
 excusable 
 
 sarcasm 
 
 premium 
 
 reciprocity 
 
 almost 
 
 ledger 
 
 disease 
 
 prairie 
 
 purpose 
 
 grateful 
 
 plaintiff 
 
 engaging 
 
 sovereign 
 
 inclusive 
 
 holiday 
 
 Sabbath 
 
 36 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 TT THAT we truly and earnestly aspire to be, 
 that in some sense we are. The mere aspira- 
 tion, by changing the frame of the mind, for a 
 moment realizes itself. Mrs. Jameson. 
 
 37 
 
SIXTEENTH LESSON 
 
 Words of more than one syllable, having the accent on the last, on taking a suffix, double 
 the last consonant when it follows a single vowel. Words accented on the other syl- 
 
 lables do not double the final consonant. Exceptions: chagrined, inferable, transferable. 
 
 referred 
 
 re-ferd' 
 
 Sent elsewhere for information, aid 
 
 
 
 or decision. 
 
 expelling 
 
 eks-pel'-llng 
 
 Evicting; forcing out of. 
 
 acquitted 
 
 ak-kwit'-ted 
 
 Freed from an accusation. 
 
 remittance 
 
 re-mlt'-tans 
 
 The sum or thing remitted. 
 
 compelling 
 
 k6m-peT-lmg 
 
 Causing one to yield or submit. 
 
 occurrence 
 
 6k-kur / -r6ns 
 
 A happening. 
 
 rebelled 
 
 re^-beld' 
 
 Resisted by force; revolted by active 
 
 
 
 resistance. 
 
 permitting 
 
 per-mlt'-ting 
 
 Suffering to be done; granting per- 
 
 
 
 mission. 
 
 concurrence 
 
 k6n-kur'-r6ns 
 
 Agreement in opinion. 
 
 unfitted 
 
 un-flt'-ted 
 
 Not suited to; unsuitable. 
 
 abettor 
 
 a-bet'-ter 
 
 An accomplice ; an accessory. 
 
 repelled j re-peld' 
 
 Repulsed; driven back. 
 
 admitting 
 
 ad-mlt'-ting 
 
 Receiving; assenting to. 
 
 solicited 
 
 s6-lls'-lt-d 
 
 Appealed to ; requested ; supplicated ; 
 
 
 
 entreated ; importuned. 
 
 regretting 
 
 re-grSt'-tlng 
 
 Feeling sorrow or dissatisfaction on 
 
 
 
 account of the happening or loss of 
 
 
 
 something. 
 
 libeled 
 
 li'-beld 
 
 Exposed to public ridicule, by writ- 
 
 
 
 ings, picturings, etc. 
 
 modeled 
 
 m6d'-eld 
 
 Formed after a model or pattern. 
 
 unequaled 
 
 un-e'-kwald 
 
 Not equaled; unmatched. 
 
 marveled 
 
 mar'-vSld 
 
 Wondered ; astonished ; surprised. 
 
 leveling 
 
 leV-gl'-Ing 
 
 The act of making level. 
 
 endangered 
 
 en-dan'-jerd 
 
 Exposed to danger or loss. 
 
 impelled 
 
 Im-peld' 
 
 Urged forward. 
 
 submitted 
 
 sub-mlt'-ted 
 
 Surrendered to authority; yielded. 
 
 committed 
 
 k6m-mlt'-ted 
 
 Intrusted to ; perpetrated. 
 
 preferring 
 
 pre-feV-rmg 
 
 Holding in greater favor. 
 
 Words to be applied: concurrent, recurring, deferred, transmit 
 
 38 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The whole matter was referred to the Board of Arbitration. 
 
 2 All classes of Protestants were intent on expelling James II 
 
 from the throne. 
 
 3 He was promptly acquitted of the charge. 
 
 4 Your remittance has been duly credited. 
 
 5 There was no means of compelling the man to withdraw. 
 
 6 They attached but little importance to the occurrence. 
 
 7 He rebelled so strenuously that they finally dropped the matter. 
 
 8 A pass was issued permitting them to enter the building when- 
 
 ever they desired. 
 
 9 His concurrence in that opinion strengthened his cause wonder- 
 
 fully. 
 
 10 He was mentally unfitted for such work. 
 
 11 " The abettors of slavery are weaving the thread in the loom, but 
 
 God is adjusting the pattern." 
 
 12 His every advance was repelled. 
 
 13 Admitting such to be the case, we see no reason why we should 
 
 comply with your request. 
 
 14 He solicited favors from all his friends until he became a 
 
 nuisance. 
 
 15 Spend not your time in regretting the past, but in building for 
 
 the future. 
 
 16 The book libeled the whole human race. 
 
 17 The memorial building was to be modeled after the Parthenon. 
 
 18 The quality of the workmanship is unequaled. 
 
 19 " Upon seeing which they marveled much." 
 
 20 The men were busily engaged in leveling the lawn. 
 
 21 The constitution would be endangered by such a law. 
 
 22 His boundless ambition impelled him to continue work. 
 
 23 All of which is respectfully submitted for your consideration. 
 
 24 "To those who can best do the work, all work in this world is 
 
 sooner or later committed." 
 
 25 Johnstone decided to remain at the hotel over night, preferring 
 
 rather to lose the time than to travel at night. 
 
 39 
 
SFVFNTFFNTH T F^ON Derivative Words. Verbs ending in e 
 
 on, v H.IN i H.ILIN i n LtLo^^iN drop the e when ing or ed is add( ? d 
 
 dining 
 
 dm'-mg 
 
 Taking dinner. 
 
 hating 
 
 hat'-mg 
 
 Disliking. 
 
 gazing 
 
 gaz'-Ing 
 
 Looking at intently. 
 
 planing 
 
 plan'-Ing 
 
 Smoothing with a plane. 
 
 mining 
 
 min'-mg 
 
 The digging of minerals from the earth. 
 
 pruning 
 
 prun'-mg 
 
 Trimming away by cutting. 
 
 loving 
 
 luv'-mg 
 
 Regarding with affection. 
 
 fining 
 
 fm'-mg 
 
 Imposing a fine upon. 
 
 exploding 
 
 eks-plod'-Ing 
 
 Bursting with sudden violence and noise. 
 
 confining 
 
 k6n-fin'-Ing 
 
 Keeping within certain limits. 
 
 reducing 
 
 re-dus'-Ing 
 
 Diminishing ; lessening ; decreasing. 
 
 confusing 
 
 kon-fuz'-Ing 
 
 Perplexing. 
 
 refining 
 
 re-fm'-mg 
 
 Reducing to a fine or pure state. 
 
 troubling 
 
 trub'-'l-mg 
 
 Disturbing ; distressing. 
 
 doubting 
 
 dout'-Ing 
 
 Hesitating in belief. 
 
 inducing 
 
 In-dus'-Ing 
 
 Drawing on; prevailing on. 
 
 intimating 
 
 In'-tl-mat-Ing 
 
 Referring to in a remote manner. 
 
 subduing 
 
 sub-du'-Ing 
 
 Conquering; destroying the force of. 
 
 ensuing 
 
 en-su'-Ing 
 
 Coming after ; following in chronological 
 succession. 
 
 arguing 
 valuing 
 
 ar'-gu-Ing 
 val'-u-Ing 
 
 Reasoning in support of a proposition, 
 opinion or measure; debating. 
 Prizing; placing a value upon. 
 
 rescuing 
 blazing 
 
 res'-ku-Ing 
 blaz'-Ing 
 
 Freeing from confinement, danger or 
 evil. 
 Glowing with flame; flashing. 
 
 cleansing 
 
 klenz'-Ing 
 
 Making clean. 
 
 sponging 
 
 spiinj'-Ing 
 
 Wiping or cleansing with a sponge. 
 
 Words to be applied: 'balancing, releasing, solacing, unceasing 
 
 40 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The dining hall should always breathe good cheer. 
 
 2 Darwin says that a man may be guilty of intensely hating an- 
 
 other, but until his bodily frame is affected he cannot be said 
 to be enraged. 
 
 3 She was found gazing with expressionless eyes into the distance. 
 
 4 The mill is now chiefly engaged in planing. 
 
 5 Gold mining is an important industry in Alaska. 
 
 6 In pruning, we cut away some portion of the tree, shrub or other 
 
 plant, for the benefit of that which remains. 
 
 7 He was presented with a magnificent loving-cup. 
 
 8 Fining the culprits in such cases will not cure the evil. 
 
 9 Exploding cartridges were heard in every direction. 
 
 10 The employment was too confining. 
 
 11 Ways and means for reducing the expenses must be devised. 
 
 12 " With just enough learning, and skill for the using it, 
 
 To prove he'd a brain, but forever confusing it." 
 
 13 The refining of oil is one of the large industries of this country. 
 
 14 Pardon me for troubling you so much. 
 
 15 He who hesitates, doubting, will lose the race. 
 
 16 " Inducing him to accept the position seemed out of the question." 
 
 17 He doubted the wisdom of it, intimating that serious results 
 
 would follow. 
 
 18 Subduing the tribes was found to be no easy matter. 
 
 19 In the ensuing close-range fighting, the troops were badly cut up. 
 
 20 " There is nothing more delusive than arguing from a fellow's 
 
 school or collegiate successes to his triumphs in after-life." 
 
 21 There is no means of valuing the product. 
 
 22 The crew of the cruiser was busily engaged in rescuing the ship- 
 
 wrecked sailors. 
 
 23 " For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn." 
 
 24 Hercules was at one time engaged in cleansing the Augean 
 
 stables. 
 
 25 The spots may be removed by sponging with alcohol. 
 
 41 
 
EIGHTEENTH LESSON English, Greek and Latin Prefixes 
 
 For the sake of euphony the last letter of the prefix is often 
 modified by the first letter of the root. In this way the prefix ad is 
 changed to a, ac, af, ag, etc. 
 
 NOTE TO TEACHER. A study of the prefixes and sufilxes and their 
 application in word building and analysis can be made very attrac- 
 tive and valuable. Many interesting facts will be disclosed in tracing 
 the meaning of words from the prefixes and suffixes and noting the 
 changes which have come about through the growth and development 
 of language. 
 
 English Prefixes 
 
 Prefix 
 a 
 be 
 for 
 mis 
 out 
 over 
 un 
 under 
 with 
 
 Meaning 
 at, in, on: 
 to make, by: 
 not, from: 
 ivrong, wrongly: 
 beyond: 
 above: 
 not, opposite act: 
 beneath: 
 from, against: 
 
 Application 
 ahead, ashore, 
 benumb, beside, 
 forbid, 
 misapply, misrule, 
 outweigh, outbreak, 
 overthrow, overrule, 
 unskilled, uncivil, 
 underground, underrate, 
 withdraw, withstand. 
 
 Greek Prefixes 
 
 a (an) 
 amphi 
 ana 
 anti (ant) 
 apo (ap) 
 cata (cap) 
 dia 
 en (em) 
 epi (ep) 
 hyper 
 hypo 
 meta (met) 
 
 syn(sy,syl, 
 sym) 
 
 without, not: 
 both, around: 
 up, back, through: 
 against, opposite: 
 from: 
 down: 
 through: 
 in, on: 
 upon: 
 over: 
 under: 
 between, with, over, 
 beyond, change: 
 with, together: 
 
 atheist, anarchy, 
 amphitheater, amphibious, 
 analysis, anathema, 
 antipathy, antithesis, antonym, 
 apology, apotheosis, 
 cataract, catalogue, 
 diameter, diagram, 
 energy, emphasis, 
 epidemic, epigram, 
 hypercritical, hypertrophy, 
 hypocrite, hypodermic, 
 metaphysical, metamorphosis. 
 
 synthesis, system, synonym. 
 
 42 
 
Latin Prefixes 
 
 ab (abs) 
 
 from: 
 
 abnormal, abstain. 
 
 ad (a, ac,af, 
 
 to: 
 
 admit, ascend, accustom, affix, 
 
 ag, al, an, 
 
 
 annexed, apportion, attain. 
 
 ap, ar, as, 
 
 
 
 at) 
 
 
 
 ante 
 
 before: 
 
 antedate, antecedent. 
 
 bi (bis) 
 
 two, twice: 
 
 bicycle, bifacial. 
 
 circum 
 
 around : 
 
 circumnavigate, circumspect. 
 
 con (co,col, 
 
 with, together: 
 
 console, co-ordinate, collapse, 
 
 com, con) 
 
 
 compress, correspond. 
 
 contra 
 
 against: 
 
 contravene, counteract. 
 
 (counter) 
 
 
 
 de 
 
 down, from : 
 
 depose, demerit. 
 
 dis (di, dif) 
 
 apart, not, opposite 
 
 disconnect, diffident, divert. 
 
 
 act: 
 
 
 ex(e,ec,ef) 
 
 out of, from: 
 
 extract, eject, eccentric. 
 
 extra 
 
 beyond: 
 
 extraordinary. 
 
 in (il, im,ir) 
 
 in, on, not: 
 
 inapplicable, illegal, import, irre- 
 
 
 
 sponsible. 
 
 non 
 
 not: 
 
 non-essential, non-existent. 
 
 ob (oc, of, 
 
 in front, in the ivay, 
 
 object, occasion, offend, oppor- 
 
 op) 
 
 against: 
 
 tune. 
 
 per 
 
 through, throughout: 
 
 pervade, permanent. 
 
 post 
 
 after: 
 
 postpone, postscript. 
 
 pre 
 
 before: 
 
 precede, prefix. 
 
 pro 
 
 for, forth: 
 
 proceed, pronoun. 
 
 re 
 
 back or again: 
 
 relapse, reconsider. 
 
 retro 
 
 backward: 
 
 retroactive, retrospect. 
 
 se 
 
 aside: 
 
 select, seclude. 
 
 semi 
 
 half: 
 
 semicircular, semiannual. 
 
 sub (sue, 
 
 under: 
 
 subway, succumb, suffice, suggest, 
 
 suf, sug, 
 
 
 support, suspect. 
 
 sup, sus) 
 
 
 
 super (Fr. 
 
 above, over: 
 
 supersede, surpass. 
 
 sur) 
 
 
 
 trans (tra) 
 
 across, beyond: 
 
 transact, traverse. 
 
 ultra 
 
 beyond: 
 
 ultrafashionable. 
 
 vice 
 
 instead of: 
 
 vice-president, vice-consul. 
 
 Words to be applied: withhold, unselfish, outside, mistake 
 
 43 
 
NTNFTFFNTH T F^ON Ask the student to supply other words 
 INHNJL 1 HI11M 1 n L^ODWIM in which thege suffi ^/ are used 
 
 Latin Suffixes 
 
 Suffix 
 
 Meaning 
 
 Application 
 
 able (ible, 
 
 able to, fit to be, 
 
 tractable, forcible, noble. 
 
 ble) 
 
 causing: 
 
 
 aceous 
 
 having the quality of, 
 
 farinaceous, spacious, judicious. 
 
 (acious) 
 
 full of: 
 
 
 acy 
 
 state or Quality of 
 
 obstinacy, accuracy. 
 
 
 being: 
 
 
 al 
 
 pertaining to, act of: 
 
 electoral, general, literal. 
 
 an 
 
 pertaining to, one 
 
 American, comedian, historian. 
 
 
 iv ho : 
 
 
 ance (ancy) 
 
 state of being, act of: 
 
 repentance, distance, hesitancy. 
 
 ant (ent) 
 
 one who, that which: 
 
 expectant, decadent, merchant. 
 
 ary 
 
 belonging to, one ivho, 
 
 judiciary, secondary. 
 
 
 place where: 
 
 
 ate 
 
 having, one who, to 
 
 confederate, moderate, generate. 
 
 cle (cule) 
 
 a diminutive : [make : 
 
 spectacle, receptacle, reticule. 
 
 ence (ency) 
 
 state of being: 
 
 affluence, eloquence, presidency. 
 
 escence 
 
 becoming: 
 
 reminiscence, acquiescence, coal- 
 
 (escent) 
 
 
 escent. 
 
 fy 
 
 to make: 
 
 modify, liquefy, disqualify. 
 
 ic (ical) 
 
 pertaining to, made 
 
 gymnastic, phonetic, practical. 
 
 
 of, one who: 
 
 
 id 
 
 quality of: 
 
 valid, frigid, lucid, flaccid. 
 
 ile 
 
 able to be, relating to: 
 
 puerile, volatile, servile. 
 
 ine 
 
 belonging to: 
 
 sanguine, feminine, doctrine. 
 
 ion 
 
 act of, state of being: 
 
 condition, commission, erosion. 
 
 ite 
 
 one who is, being: 
 
 definite, favorite, cosmopolite. 
 
 ity (ty) 
 
 state or quality of 
 
 vivacity, duplicity, velocity. 
 
 
 being : 
 
 
 ive 
 
 one who, that which, 
 
 imaginative, lucrative, operative. 
 
 
 having the quality 
 
 
 
 or power of: 
 
 
 ment 
 
 state of being, act of, 
 
 assessment, resentment/ "appoint- 
 
 
 that which: 
 
 ment. 
 
 mony 
 
 state of being, that 
 
 acrimony, harmony, ; ceremony, 
 
 
 ivhich : 
 
 matrimony. 
 
 or 
 
 one who, that which: 
 
 governor, senior, warrior. 
 
 orv frv. 
 
 relating to place 
 
 accessory, derogatory, dispensary, 
 
 *"' 7 \ 7 9 
 
 arv. erv^ 
 
 where, thing which: 
 
 solitary, cookery, robbery. 
 
 *** J 9 *'* 7 / 
 
 ose (ous) 
 
 full of, having: 
 
 jocose, verbose, ponderous. 
 
 pie 
 
 fold: 
 
 multiple, couple, sextuple. 
 
 tude 
 
 state of being: 
 
 quietude, latitude, gratitude. 
 
 ule 
 
 diminutive : 
 
 ridicule, globule, granule. 
 
 ulent 
 
 full of: 
 
 fraudulent, corpulent, virulent. 
 
 ure 
 
 state or act of, that 
 
 pleasure, censure, enclosure, 
 
 
 which: 
 
 tenure. 
 
 44 
 
English Suffixes 
 
 Suffix 
 
 Meaning 
 
 Application 
 
 dom 
 
 state of being, do- 
 
 random, thraldom, freedom, king- 
 
 
 main of: 
 
 dom. 
 
 en 
 
 made of, to make: 
 
 wooden, molten, rotten, sodden. 
 
 er 
 
 one who, that which, 
 
 printer, runner, laborer, voter, 
 
 
 comparative degree: 
 
 larger, longer. 
 
 ery (ry) 
 
 place where, state of 
 
 husbandry, savagery, drapery, 
 
 
 being, collection, 
 
 millinery. 
 
 
 art of: 
 
 
 est 
 
 most: 
 
 largest, smallest, fastest, greatest. 
 
 ful 
 
 full of, causing: 
 
 graceful, resourceful, dreadful. 
 
 hood 
 
 state or quality of 
 
 manhood, childhood, statehood. 
 
 
 being: 
 
 
 ing 
 
 the act, continuing: 
 
 going, effecting, excluding. 
 
 ish 
 
 someivhat like, to 
 
 womanish, burnish, English, 
 
 
 make: 
 
 bookish. 
 
 less 
 
 without: 
 
 worthless, speechless, nerveless. 
 
 iy 
 
 manner, like: 
 
 tightly, tacitly, nightly, sweetly. 
 
 ness 
 
 state or quality of 
 
 flatness, loveliness, darkness, 
 
 
 being : 
 
 costliness. 
 
 ship 
 
 state of, office of: 
 
 receivership, workmanship. 
 
 some 
 
 full of, causing: 
 
 lonesome, tiresome, irksome. 
 
 ster 
 
 one who: 
 
 forester, songster, register. 
 
 ward 
 
 direction of: 
 
 forward, upward, backward, af- 
 
 (wards) 
 
 
 terwards. 
 
 Greek Suffixes 
 
 ic (ical) 
 
 pertaining to, made 
 
 empiric, allegoric, topic, maniac, 
 
 (ac) 
 
 of, one ivho: 
 
 Teutonic, Homeric, psychic. 
 
 ic (ics) 
 
 science of: 
 
 pneumatics, hydraulics, dynamics. 
 
 ise (ize) 
 
 to make, to give: 
 
 hypnotize, geologize, harmonize. 
 
 ism 
 
 state of being, doc- 
 
 organism, Americanism, heroism, 
 
 
 trine : 
 
 baptism. 
 
 ist 
 
 one ivho: 
 
 organist, novelist, journalist. 
 
 French Suffixes 
 
 age 
 
 state of being, act of, 
 
 homage, voyage, savage, vintage, 
 
 
 that ivhich, a col- 
 
 heritage, pilgrimage, stoppage. 
 
 
 lection of: 
 
 
 ee 
 
 one to whom: 
 
 employee, mortgagee, assignee. 
 
 eer (ier) 
 
 one who: 
 
 financier, engineer, pioneer. 
 
 ess 
 
 female: 
 
 lioness, hostess, enchantress. 
 
 Words to be applied: heritage, harmonize, addressee, consignee 
 
TWENTIETH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 referred 
 
 appreciate 
 
 opulence 
 
 superintendent 
 
 dining 
 
 oriental 
 
 incidental 
 
 correspondence 
 
 dependent 
 
 auspicious 
 
 requisite 
 
 proportionate 
 
 cameo 
 
 eminent 
 
 partially 
 
 agriculturist 
 
 preferring 
 
 agitate 
 
 opponent 
 
 committed 
 
 sponging 
 
 inferred 
 
 physician 
 
 circumstance 
 
 superintend- 
 
 infernal 
 
 squeezed 
 
 abhorrence 
 
 [ence 
 
 
 
 
 castle 
 
 cargo 
 
 proximate 
 
 economical 
 
 expelling 
 
 busy 
 
 defining 
 
 disposition 
 
 hating 
 
 faucet 
 
 criminal 
 
 changeable 
 
 permanence 
 
 agony 
 
 fixtures 
 
 specification 
 
 palace 
 
 deficit 
 
 sanitary 
 
 commenced 
 
 cleansing 
 
 courtesy 
 
 annuity 
 
 differential 
 
 experience 
 
 passages 
 
 dealing 
 
 submitted 
 
 heinous 
 
 gratis 
 
 chagrin 
 
 embellished 
 
 acquitted 
 
 request 
 
 hurriedly 
 
 consistency 
 
 gazing 
 
 property 
 
 continue 
 
 exclusively 
 
 exhausted 
 
 remedied 
 
 testify 
 
 humiliating 
 
 luscious 
 
 prefer 
 
 extent 
 
 commotion 
 
 impelled 
 
 suspend 
 
 excitable 
 
 microscope 
 
 confusing 
 
 surety 
 
 cistern 
 
 antecedent 
 
 leisurely 
 
 elastic 
 
 Saturday 
 
 hereinafter 
 
 exquisite 
 
 assignee 
 
 valuable 
 
 scrutinize 
 
 regretting 
 
 proposal 
 
 colossal 
 
 invincible 
 
 fraudulent 
 
 antique 
 
 occasion 
 
 conveying 
 
 46 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 npHOSE words called homonyms, which are pro- 
 * nounced alike but spelled differently, can be 
 studied only in connection with their meaning, since 
 the meaning and grammatical use in the sentence is 
 our only key to their form. Sherwin Cody in " Word- 
 Study." 
 
 47 
 
TWENTY-FIRST LESSON Homophonous 
 
 Words 
 
 adieu 
 
 a-du' 
 
 Good-bye; farewell. 
 
 
 ado 
 
 a-doo' 
 
 Fuss ; bustle ; as, to " make a great ado." 
 
 advice 
 
 ad-vis' 
 
 Counsel. 
 
 
 advise 
 
 ad-viz' 
 
 To give counsel. 
 
 
 air 
 
 ar 
 
 Atmosphere. 
 
 
 heir 
 
 ar 
 
 One who inherits. 
 
 
 ere 
 
 ar or ar 
 
 Before ; rather than. 
 
 
 e'er 
 
 ar or r 
 
 A contraction for ever. 
 
 
 allowed 
 
 al-loud' 
 
 Granted; permitted. 
 
 
 aloud 
 
 a-loud' 
 
 With a loud voice, or great noise 
 
 ; loudly. 
 
 assay 
 
 as-sa' 
 
 To test, as ore. 
 
 
 essay 
 
 es-sa' 
 
 To try; to attempt. 
 
 
 ate 
 
 at 
 
 Did eat. 
 
 
 eight 
 
 at 
 
 Twice four. 
 
 
 auger 
 
 a'-ger 
 
 A tool. 
 
 
 augur 
 
 a'-gur 
 
 To predict ; a diviner. 
 
 
 aught 
 
 at 
 
 Anything; any part. 
 
 
 ought 
 awful 
 
 at 
 a'-ful 
 
 Should; to be bound in duty or 
 obligations. 
 Dreadful; frightful. 
 
 by moral 
 
 offal 
 bad 
 
 of'-fal 
 bad 
 
 Refuse; that which is thrown 
 worthless or unfit for use. 
 Evil ; wicked. 
 
 away as 
 
 bade 
 
 bad 
 
 Did bid. 
 
 
 barred 
 
 bard 
 
 Restricted or confined. 
 
 
 bard 
 
 bard 
 
 A poet. 
 
 
 bared 
 
 bard 
 
 Uncovered. 
 
 
 NOTE. The student should look up, in the unabridged dictionary, the 
 following words, and those having same or similar pronunciation, and 
 construct sentences using them correctly : cast, cask, caster, cere. 
 
 48 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 I bade my comrades adieu without further ado. 
 
 2 If you will take my advice, I will advise you of my whereabouts. 
 
 3 " And all the air a solemn stillness holds." 
 
 4 The heir was haughty and put on airs. 
 
 5 I will be thrown into Aetna ere I will leave her. 
 
 6 " As free from passion as e'er the gods above." 
 
 7 The pupils were not allowed to talk aloud. 
 
 8 He essayed to assay the ore, but failed. 
 
 9 The boy ate eight of the apples. 
 
 10 An auger is a tool larger than a gimlet. 
 
 11 " Have you ever found your mind darkened like the sunny land- 
 
 scape by the sudden cloud, which augurs a coming tempest?" 
 
 12 For aught I know, we are lost. 
 
 13 Ought is synonymous with should, although the stronger word, 
 
 and implies a moral obligation. 
 
 14 She met an awful death in the collision. 
 
 15 The offal should be removed immediately. 
 
 16 His l)ad habits were a great detriment to his progress in business. 
 
 17 The man ~bade adieu to his wicked life. 
 
 18 The bard who had bared his head to sing before the king was 
 
 barred from his presence. 
 
 49 
 
TWENTY-SECOND LESSON Homophonous Words 
 
 base 
 
 has 
 
 Lowest part; vile. 
 
 
 bass 
 
 bas 
 
 A part in music. 
 
 
 breach 
 
 brech 
 
 A gap or opening. 
 
 
 breech 
 
 brech 
 
 The hinder part of anything. 
 
 
 bred 
 
 br6d 
 
 Reared. 
 
 
 bread 
 
 bred 
 
 An article of food made from flour or 
 
 meal. 
 
 bullion 
 
 bul'-yiin 
 
 Uncoined gold or silver. 
 
 
 bouillon 
 
 boo-ydn' 
 
 Soup or broth. (French.) 
 
 
 bow 
 
 bo 
 
 A curved form or object. 
 
 
 beau 
 
 bo 
 
 A dandy ; an escort ; a lover. 
 
 
 board 
 
 bord 
 
 Sawed timber ; food ; stated meals. 
 
 
 bored 
 
 bord 
 
 Perforated; wearied by a bore. 
 
 
 born 
 
 born 
 
 Brought into life. 
 
 
 borne 
 
 born 
 
 Carried; supported; conveyed. 
 
 
 bourn 
 
 bornorboorn 
 
 A limit; a boundary. 
 
 
 buy 
 
 bi" 
 
 To purchase. 
 
 
 by 
 
 by 
 
 Near. 
 
 
 bye 
 
 by 
 
 As in "good-bye." 
 
 
 calendar 
 
 kal'-en-der 
 
 An almanac. 
 
 
 calender 
 Calvary 
 
 kal'-en-der 
 kal'-va-ry 
 
 A press used to give paper or cloth a 
 smooth, glossy surface. 
 A mountain. 
 
 cavalry 
 
 kav'-al-ry 
 
 Mounted troops. 
 
 
 canon 
 
 kan'-un 
 
 A church law. 
 
 
 canon 
 
 kan'-yun 
 
 A defile. (Spanish.) 
 
 
 cannon 
 
 kan'-nun 
 
 A great gun. 
 
 
 NOTE. The student should look up, in the unabridged dictionary, the 
 following words, and those having same or similar pronunciation, and 
 construct sentences using them correctly : chaste, coign, cord, corporal. 
 
 50 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The man was of a base disposition, but had a magnificent bass 
 
 voice. 
 
 2 Modern guns are loaded at the breech, and are capable of caus- 
 
 ing a wide breach in the strongest armor. 
 
 3 Southern-bred people are fond of warm bread. 
 
 4 The miner having disposed of his bullion, ordered a cup of 
 
 bouillon. 
 
 5 The bow was an important part of the equipment of the beaux 
 of -olden time. 
 
 6 Board also applies to a number of persons appointed or elected 
 
 to sit in council for the management of some business. 
 
 7 The board of the hotel bored the guests. 
 
 8 Born in captivity of the bandits, he was borne beyond the bourn 
 
 of Servia. 
 
 9 He saw her pass by on her way to buy her ticket, and waved her 
 
 a cordial good-bye. 
 
 10 Well calendered paper is often used in printing calendars. 
 
 11 The cavalry marched on toward Calvary. 
 
 12 " By an ancient canon those who administered at the altars of 
 
 God were forbidden to take any part in the infliction of cap- 
 ital punishment." 
 
 13 The grand canon of the Colorado river in Colorado is an inspir- 
 
 ing sight. 
 
 14 The United States recently tested a cannon that would carry a 
 
 projectile twenty-six miles. 
 
 51 
 
TWENTY-THIRD LESSON Homophonous Words 
 
 canvas 
 
 kan'-vas 
 
 Coarse cloth. 
 
 
 canvass 
 
 kan'-vas 
 
 To search or solicit. 
 
 
 capital 
 
 kap'-I-tal 
 
 Chief city ; stock in trade. 
 
 
 capitol 
 
 kap'-I-t6l 
 
 National or state edifice. 
 
 
 caret 
 
 ka'-ret 
 
 (A) Sign used in writing or printing. 
 
 
 carrot 
 
 kar'-rut 
 
 A vegetable. 
 
 
 carat 
 
 kar'-at 
 
 Weight or fineness. 
 
 
 cede 
 
 sed 
 
 To yield or surrender. 
 
 
 seed 
 
 sed 
 
 Life principle; source; original. 
 
 
 ceil 
 
 sel 
 
 To cover the inner side of the roof. 
 
 
 seal 
 
 sel 
 
 A sea animal ; a stamp. 
 
 
 cell 
 sell 
 
 sel 
 sel 
 
 A small apartment; minute elementary 
 structure. 
 To transfer for a price. 
 
 seller 
 
 sel'-ler 
 
 One who sells. 
 
 
 cellar 
 
 seT-ler 
 
 A room or rooms under a building. 
 
 
 censer 
 
 sSn'-ser 
 
 A vessel. 
 
 
 censor 
 
 sn'-s6r 
 
 An examiner; a critic; a reviewer. 
 
 
 cent 
 
 sent 
 
 A coin. 
 
 
 sent 
 
 sent 
 
 Did send. 
 
 
 scent 
 
 sent 
 
 An odor. 
 
 
 cereal 
 
 se'-re-al 
 
 Any edible grain. 
 
 
 serial 
 
 se'-rf-al 
 
 Pertaining to a series. 
 
 
 Ceres 
 
 se'-rez 
 
 Goddess of corn and tillage. 
 
 
 series 
 
 se'-rez 
 
 A succession of things. 
 
 
 NOTE. The student should look up, in the unabridged dictionary, the 
 following words, and those having same or similar pronunciation, and 
 construct sentences using them correctly : crisis, cymbal, dear, deviser. 
 
 52 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The word canvas is also applied to paintings ; as, " History does 
 
 not bring out clearly upon the canvas the details which were 
 familiar." 
 
 2 " No previous canvass was made for me." 
 
 3 Washington and Paris are capital cities. 
 
 When wealth is used to assist production, it is called capital. 
 
 4 The Capitol at Washington is one of the most beautiful struc- 
 
 tures in the world. 
 
 5 The spelling of the word caret, a sign used in printing or writ- 
 
 ing, should be carefully distinguished from carat, signifying 
 weight or fineness, and carrot, the name of a vegetable. 
 
 6 " The people must cede to the government some of their natural 
 
 rights." 
 
 7 " Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed" 
 
 8 " The greater house he ceiled with fir tree." 
 
 9 " Like a red seal is the setting sun 
 
 On the good and the evil men have done." 
 
 10 The prisoner was led to the cell. 
 
 11 " I will buy with you, sell with you ; but I will not eat with you." 
 
 12 The seller of the property misrepresented it to the buyer. 
 
 13 The cellar is generally used as a place in which to store pro- 
 
 visions. 
 
 14 " Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense which from a 
 
 golden censer forth doth rise." 
 
 15 The censor was very much overworked during the Spanish regime 
 
 in Cuba. " Received with caution by the censor of the press." 
 
 16 He was given fifty cents and sent to purchase sweet-scented 
 
 incense. " Half the world is on the wrong scent in the pursuit 
 of happiness." 
 
 17 Cereals form a very important part of the food products of this 
 
 country. 
 
 18 Stories published on the serial plan are said by some critics to 
 
 be on the decline. 
 
 19 Ceres was the daughter of Saturn and Ops, or Rhea. 
 
 20 " During some years his life was a series of triumphs." 
 
 53 
 
TWENTY-FOURTH LESSON-Homophonous Words 
 
 cession 
 
 sesh'-un 
 
 Compliance ; the act of ceding. 
 
 session 
 
 sesh'-un 
 
 A sitting. 
 
 choir 
 
 kwir 
 
 A band of singers. 
 
 quire 
 
 kwir 
 
 Twenty-four sheets of paper. 
 
 cite 
 
 sit 
 
 To quote; to notify of a pro- 
 
 
 
 ceeding in court. 
 
 site 
 
 sit 
 
 Situation or location. 
 
 sight 
 
 sit 
 
 Vision ; act of seeing ; a view. 
 
 clique 
 
 klek 
 
 A group of persons. 
 
 click 
 
 kllk 
 
 A sharp, non-ringing sound. 
 
 coarse 
 
 kors 
 
 Rough. 
 
 course 
 
 kors 
 
 Direction; a portion of a 
 
 
 
 meal. 
 
 complement 
 
 kom'-ple-ment 
 
 Fullness ; completion. 
 
 compliment 
 
 kom'-pll-m6nt 
 
 Praise ; flattery. 
 
 confidant 
 
 kon-fl-dant' 
 
 A bosom friend. 
 
 confident 
 
 kon'-fl-dent 
 
 Positive ; sure. 
 
 correspondence 
 
 kor-re-spond'-ens 
 
 Intercourse by letter. 
 
 correspondents 
 
 kor-r-sp6nd'-ents 
 
 Those who communicate by 
 
 
 
 letter. 
 
 counsel 
 
 koun'-sel 
 
 Advice ; opinion. 
 
 council 
 
 koun'-sll 
 
 An assembly. 
 
 currant 
 
 kur'-rant 
 
 A small fruit. 
 
 current 
 
 kur'-rent 
 
 Course of a stream; now go- 
 
 
 
 ing on (adj.). 
 
 core 
 
 kor 
 
 The inner part. 
 
 corps 
 
 kor 
 
 A body of troops. 
 
 co-respondent 
 
 ko- re"-sp6nd'-ent 
 
 One who answers jointly with 
 
 
 
 another. 
 
 correspondent 
 
 kor-re-spond'-ent 
 
 One who corresponds. 
 
 NOTE. The student should look up, in the unabridged dictionary, the 
 
 following words, and those having same or similar pronunciation, and 
 
 construct sentences using them correctly : dire, earn, faint, fete. 
 
 54 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The cession of the Philippine Islands by Spain was made upon 
 
 payment of $20,000,000 by the United States. 
 
 2 A session of Parliament is opened with a speech from the throne. 
 
 3 The choir sang the " Recessional " with wonderful feeling. 
 
 4 Paper is now sold by the pound, rather than by the quire. 
 
 5 " The devil can cite Scripture to his purpose." 
 
 6 He selected the site for the building. 
 
 7 They never saw a sight so fair. 
 
 8 The operations of the clique were broken up by the click of the 
 
 lock. 
 
 9 The coarse man took the opposite course. 
 
 10 Hoffman, the pianist, is not fond of a course dinner. 
 
 11 " History is the complement of poetry." 
 
 12 "It is a tedious waste of time to sit and hear so many compli- 
 
 ments and lies." 
 
 13 He was confident that his confidant had not betrayed him. 
 
 14 Correspondence should be looked after carefully by correspond- 
 
 ents. 
 
 15 The counsel for the railroad company counseled the passage of 
 
 the measure by the city council. 
 
 16 " Currants are so called because the berries resemble in size the 
 
 small grapes from the Levant." 
 
 17 " Our gold's laid up in sunsets, safe from thieves ; 
 
 And all our current silver's in the stars." 
 
 18 The corps of infantry attempted to reach the core of the enemy's 
 
 base of supplies. 
 
 19 The co-respondent in the famous suit was a noted correspondent 
 
 of the newspaper. 
 
 55 
 
TWENTY-FIFTH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 adieu 
 
 together 
 
 transmission 
 
 rarely 
 
 advise 
 
 intense 
 
 restaurant 
 
 wrought 
 
 heir 
 
 surplus 
 
 comical 
 
 remembrance 
 
 cite 
 
 immaterial 
 
 exposition 
 
 manipulation 
 
 essay 
 
 pleasing 
 
 supreme 
 
 mortification 
 
 augur 
 
 incite 
 
 infringe 
 
 independence 
 
 offal 
 
 cemetery 
 
 abscond 
 
 figurative 
 
 complement 
 
 mitigate 
 
 antidote 
 
 republic 
 
 bard 
 
 ambiguous 
 
 defaulter 
 
 frequently 
 
 breech 
 
 resulted 
 
 proposition 
 
 nickel 
 
 counsel 
 
 reservoir 
 
 cabbage 
 
 bilious 
 
 bouillon 
 
 possessor 
 
 celebrity 
 
 commodities 
 
 bored 
 
 colonel 
 
 illustrious 
 
 prescription 
 
 calendar 
 
 brotherhood 
 
 nineteenth 
 
 boisterous 
 
 canon 
 
 obligatory 
 
 negligent 
 
 commencement 
 
 canvass 
 
 tasty 
 
 scripture 
 
 variety 
 
 caret 
 
 perpetrate 
 
 stave 
 
 effectiveness 
 
 cede 
 
 captivate 
 
 gratify 
 
 palsy 
 
 ceil 
 
 counterfeit 
 
 elevator 
 
 pestilence 
 
 corps 
 
 appendix 
 
 interline 
 
 caterpillar 
 
 censer 
 
 immoral 
 
 glazier 
 
 whisky 
 
 serial 
 
 umbrella 
 
 intrude 
 
 charity 
 
 cession 
 
 homely 
 
 praise 
 
 polish 
 
 choir 
 
 dullness 
 
 admissible 
 
 acute 
 
 current 
 
 preference 
 
 proffered 
 
 courageously 
 
 56 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 TT is the height of folly to throw up attempting 
 A because you have failed. Failures are wonderful 
 elements in developing the character. Max Muller. 
 
 57 
 
TWENTY-SIXTH LESSON Homophonous Words 
 
 disease 
 
 dlz-ez' 
 
 Sickness. 
 
 decease 
 
 de-ses' 
 
 Death. 
 
 deference 
 
 dgf'-er-ens 
 
 Reverence ; respect. 
 
 difference 
 
 dlf'-fer-ens 
 
 Dissimilarity ; disagreement 
 
 descendant 
 
 de-send'-ant 
 
 Offspring. 
 
 descendent 
 
 de-send'-ent 
 
 Descending ; falling. 
 
 descent 
 
 de-sent' 
 
 Declivity ; lineage. 
 
 dissent 
 
 dls-sSnt' 
 
 To disagree. 
 
 desert 
 
 de-zert' 
 
 To abandon. 
 
 desert 
 
 deV-ert 
 
 An uninhabited region. 
 
 dessert 
 
 dez-zert* 
 
 The last course at dinner. 
 
 device 
 
 de-vis' 
 
 A contrivance. 
 
 devise 
 
 de-viz' 
 
 To plan; to bequeath. 
 
 dual 
 
 du'-al 
 
 Double. 
 
 duel 
 
 du'-el 
 
 An arranged fight, usually between two. 
 
 edition 
 addition 
 
 e-dlsh'-un 
 ad-dl'-shun 
 
 The whole number of copies of a work 
 published at one time. 
 Act of adding. 
 
 effect 
 
 gf-fekt' 
 
 To accomplish; result. 
 
 affect 
 
 af-fekt' 
 
 To influence; to pretend. 
 
 elusive 
 
 e-lu'-slv 
 
 Using, arts to escape ; fallacious. 
 
 illusive 
 
 Il-lu'-slv 
 
 Deceiving by false show. 
 
 emigrant 
 
 m'-I-grant 
 
 One who moves out of a country. 
 
 immigrant 
 
 Im'-ml-grant 
 
 One who moves into a country. 
 
 eminent 
 
 m'-I-nent 
 
 Distinguished ; prominent. 
 
 imminent 
 
 Im'-ml-nent 
 
 Impending ; threatening. 
 
 NOTE. The student should look up, in the unabridged dictionary, the 
 following words, and those having same or similar pronunciation, and 
 construct sentences using them correctly : high, hoard, ode, pail 
 
 58 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The disease which that man had caused his decease. 
 
 2 The deference which was paid to the ruler by the foreigners 
 
 made a decided difference in the attitude of his own people. 
 
 3 " As we would have our descendants judge us, so ought we to 
 
 judge our fathers." 
 
 4 " This descendant juice is that which principally nourishes both 
 
 fruit and plant." 
 
 5 The sudden descent of the enemy caused our defeat. 
 
 6 " Dissent ends in denial at last." 
 
 7 He was deserted by his guide on the desert. 
 
 8 The dessert was served most artistically. 
 
 9 " No mortal builder's most rare device 
 
 Could match this winter-palace of ice." 
 
 10 " Then she plots, then she ruminates, then she devises. 11 
 
 11 Pope ascribes to women dual passions love of pleasure and love 
 
 of power ; the latter has led to many a duel. 
 
 12 This edition of Shakespeare makes a wonderful addition to 
 
 artistic literature. 
 
 13 It will be impossible to effect a settlement on this basis. 
 
 (See unabridged dictionary for full meaning of effect.) 
 
 14 " When we least think it we may be affecting others in their whole 
 
 destiny." 
 
 (See unabridged dictionary for full meaning of affect.) 
 
 15 Nothing is more illusive than the elusive dream of wealth. 
 
 16 Emigrants from the United States are rare, while stringent laws 
 
 have been enacted here to protect us from undesirable immi- 
 grants from other countries. 
 
 17 The eminent divine became considerably excited when a collision 
 
 appeared imminent. 
 
 59 
 
TWENT Y-SE VENTH LESSON-Homophonous Words 
 
 envelop 
 envelope 
 
 6n-veT-6p 
 6n'-v6l-6p 
 
 To surround, as with a fog, smoke, 
 flames, etc. 
 A wrapper; an inclosing cover. 
 
 accede 
 
 ak-sed' 
 
 To comply ; to agree ; to assent. 
 
 exceed 
 
 ek-sed' 
 
 To excel. 
 
 except 
 
 ek-sept' 
 
 To omit ; to reject. 
 
 accept 
 
 ak-sept' 
 
 To receive ; to agree to. 
 
 exercise 
 
 6ks'-er-siz 
 
 Practice ; exertion. 
 
 exorcise 
 
 Sks'-6r-siz 
 
 To cast out evil spirits. 
 
 extant 
 
 eks'-tant 
 
 In existence. 
 
 extent 
 
 eks-tent' 
 
 Degree; bulk; size. 
 
 genius 
 genus 
 
 jen'-yus 
 je'-nus 
 
 Talent; peculiar character, or animat- 
 ing spirit. 
 Species or class. 
 
 hear 
 
 her 
 
 To hearken. 
 
 here 
 
 her 
 
 In this place. 
 
 impassable 
 
 Im-pas'-a-b'l 
 
 Not admitting a passage. 
 
 impassible 
 incite 
 
 Im-pas'-sl-b'l 
 m-sit' 
 
 Incapable of suffering; unfeeling; 
 without sensation. 
 To move to action; to stir up. 
 
 insight 
 indict 
 indite 
 
 m'-sit 
 In-dlt' 
 m-dlt' 
 
 Understanding ; discernment ; percep- 
 tion. 
 To charge with a crime or accuse form- 
 ally. 
 To compose; to write. 
 
 ingenious 
 
 m-jen'-yus 
 
 Possessing inventive skill. 
 
 ingenuous 
 
 m-jen'-u-us 
 
 Artless ; sincere. 
 
 instance 
 
 m'-stans 
 
 Occasion; solicitation; to refer to. 
 
 instant 
 
 In'-stant 
 
 Urgent ; current. 
 
 NOTE. The student should look up, in the unabridged dictionary, the 
 following words, and those having same or similar pronunciation, and 
 construct sentences using them correctly : pearl, perjury, prescription 
 
 60 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 A cloud of smoke almost always envelops Chicago, causing no 
 
 end of distress to people who affect dainty dress. 
 
 2 The envelope was misdirected. 
 
 3 I reluctantly accede to your request, although the amount ex- 
 
 ceeds that stipulated in our agreement. 
 
 4 The price includes everything except freight charges. 
 
 (See unabridged dictionary for use of except.) 
 
 5 " Accept the place the divine providence has found for you." 
 
 (See unabridged dictionary for use of accept.) 
 
 6 " The exercise of criticism never fails to destroy, for the time, our 
 
 sensibility to the beauty of every composition." 
 
 7 " Hennepin caused great astonishment among the Indians by per- 
 
 .forming the Catholic service before them. They imagined he 
 was exorcising the devil." 
 
 8 Many copies of the work are still extant in the provinces, though 
 
 the extent of the circulation is not known. 
 
 9 " Genius is not a single power, but a combination of great powers." 
 
 " The sixteenth century was an age of surpassing poetic genius. 11 
 
 10 Genus is a comprehensive term used in classifying groups of 
 
 animals or plants. 
 
 11 Come here and hear what I have to say. 
 
 12 An Impassable barrier was detected at first sight. 
 
 13 She sat through the entire performance perfectly impassible. 
 
 14 His clear insight into all modern sciences incited many to envy. 
 
 15 " It is the peculiar province of the grand jury to indict." 
 
 16 " Hear how learned Greece her useful rules indites. 11 
 
 17 " Washington was an ingenious man, possessed of an ingenuous 
 
 love of truth." 
 
 18 For instance, had the train not been delayed, the engineer would 
 
 not have met his instant doom. 
 
 61 
 
TWENTY-EIGHTH LESSON-Homophonous Words 
 
 irruption 
 
 Ir-rup'-shun 
 
 Invasion ; inroad. 
 
 eruption 
 
 e-rup'-shun 
 
 A breaking out. 
 
 plain 
 
 plan 
 
 Clear; level; candid. 
 
 plane 
 
 plan 
 
 A tool : even ; level ; flat. 
 
 pore 
 
 por 
 
 A minute opening ; also, to study. 
 
 pour 
 
 por 
 
 To cause to flow. 
 
 prescribe 
 
 pre-skrlb' 
 
 To order; to direct. 
 
 proscribe 
 
 pro-skrib' 
 
 To denounce, condemn ; outlaw ; 
 
 
 
 exile ; banish. 
 
 presentiment 
 
 pr-s6n'-tl-ment 
 
 An omen; a warning; vague per- 
 
 
 
 ception. 
 
 presentment 
 
 pre-z6nt'-ment 
 
 A setting forth to view. 
 
 principal 
 
 prln'-sl-pal 
 
 Chief; a leader. 
 
 principle 
 
 prm'-sl-p'l 
 
 Integrity ; a primary truth. 
 
 prophesy 
 
 pr6f'--si 
 
 To utter predictions. 
 
 prophecy 
 
 pr6f'-e-sy 
 
 That which is foretold. 
 
 rays 
 
 raz 
 
 The elements of light ; lines of 
 
 
 
 light. 
 
 raze 
 
 raz 
 
 To demolish ; to overthrow. 
 
 raise 
 
 raz 
 
 To lift up. 
 
 residence 
 
 rgz'-I-dens 
 
 The place or dwelling where one 
 
 
 
 resides. 
 
 residents 
 
 rez'-I-dents 
 
 The inhabitants of a place. 
 
 root 
 
 root 
 
 Underground part of a plant. 
 
 route 
 
 root or rout 
 
 Direction or course. 
 
 salvage 
 
 sal'-vaj 
 
 That which is saved from fire or 
 
 
 
 shipwreck. 
 
 selvage 
 
 sel'-vaj 
 
 The edge of woven fabrics. 
 
 sculptor 
 
 skulp'-ter 
 
 One who sculptures. 
 
 sculpture 
 
 skulp'-tur 
 
 The art of carving images. 
 
 NOTE. The student should look up, in the unabridged dictionary, the 
 
 following words, and those haying same or similar pronunciation, and 
 
 construct sentences using them correctly : profit, quarts, rancor, recede 
 
 62 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The irruption occurred immediately before the eruption of the 
 
 volcano. 
 
 2 To be plain, the carpenter will use a plane to make a plain 
 
 surface. 
 
 3 She will pore over the book while her mother pours the tea. 
 
 4 " The necessities which initiate government themselves prescribe 
 
 the actions of government." 
 
 5 " Sylla and the triumvirs never proscribed so many men as they 
 
 do by their ignorant edicts." 
 
 6 " Magic, and all that is ascribed to it, is a deep presentiment of 
 
 the powers of science." 
 
 7 " Thus I hurl my dazzling spells into the spongy air of power to 
 
 cheat the eye with blear illusion, and give it false presentment." 
 
 8 He was appointed principal of the high school. 
 
 9 " In all governments truly republican, men are nothing principle 
 
 is everything." 
 
 10 " Always prophesy good fortune unless there is an absolute im- 
 
 possibility of the prophecy's being fulfilled." 
 
 11 The rays of the sun beat down fiercely on the building which 
 
 had just been razed by the wind. 
 
 12 "Danvers undertook to raise the city from the ruins." 
 
 13 Richard Grant White objects to the term residence, as commonly 
 
 used, but the residents are quite willing that their homes 
 should be called by the high-sounding name of residences. 
 
 14 The abnormal desire for money is the root of many evils, and 
 
 often offers a direct route to ruin. 
 
 15 The salvage on the velvets was very large, as an examination 
 
 showed that only the selvage had been destroyed. 
 
 16 The sculptor was a great admirer of ancient sculpture. 
 
 63 
 
TWENTY-NINTH LESSON Homophonous Words 
 
 seas 
 
 sez 
 
 Plural of sea. 
 
 seize 
 
 sez 
 
 To grasp. 
 
 stationary 
 
 sta'-shun-a-ry 
 
 In a fixed position. 
 
 stationery 
 
 sta'-shun-gr-y 
 
 Writing materials. 
 
 straight 
 
 strat 
 
 Direct; not deviating. 
 
 strait 
 
 strat 
 
 Difficulty ; a narrow passage. 
 
 subtile 
 
 / sub'-til \ 
 torsut'-'I/ 
 
 Thin ; delicate, as a " subtile " web. 
 
 subtle 
 
 sut'-'l 
 
 Artful; sly. 
 
 suite 
 
 swet 
 
 A retinue ; a set of apartments. 
 
 sweet 
 
 swet 
 
 Sugary; pleasing to the senses. 
 
 tare 
 
 tar 
 
 A weed; deduction for weight of cask, 
 
 
 
 wrapping, etc. 
 
 tear 
 
 tar 
 
 To rend or pull apart. 
 
 their 
 
 thar 
 
 Possessive of " they." 
 
 there 
 
 thar 
 
 In that place. 
 
 to 
 
 too 
 
 A preposition; unto. 
 
 too 
 
 too 
 
 Also ; expressing excess, as " too much." 
 
 two 
 
 too 
 
 Twice one; a pair. 
 
 verses 
 
 ver'-sez 
 
 Poetry ; stanzas. 
 
 versus 
 
 ver'-siis 
 
 Against. 
 
 waive 
 
 wav 
 
 To relinquish. 
 
 wave 
 
 wav 
 
 An undulation. 
 
 ware 
 
 war 
 
 Merchandise. 
 
 wear 
 
 war 
 
 To last; to endure; to carry on the 
 
 waste 
 
 wast 
 
 person. 
 To squander. 
 
 waist 
 
 wast 
 
 Middle part of the body. 
 
 NOTE. The student should look up, in the unabridged dictionary, the 
 following words, and those having same or similar pronunciation, and 
 construct sentences using them correctly : root, rung, sac, sailer. 
 
 64 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 A man often sees opportunities slip from him which he was un- 
 
 able to seize because of being submerged in seas of indecision. 
 
 2 The price of stationery remains stationary. 
 
 3 " He shows himself to be a man of wide reading, a pretty straight 
 
 thinker, and a lively and independent critic." 
 
 4 The poor fellow was in desperate straits. 
 
 5 " He forges the subtile and delicate air into wise and melodious 
 
 words." 
 
 6 " The subtle mind of lago glides to its object with the soft celerity 
 
 of a panther's tread." 
 
 7 The suite of the Chinese minister comprised over sixty persons. 
 
 8 Children are usually fond of sweet cakes. , 
 
 " 'Tis sweet to be at home again, after an absence abroad." 
 
 9 The tare on a bale of cotton is thirty pounds ; the hooks used 
 
 in handling it tear great holes in the covering. 
 
 10 There has been a change made in their plans. 
 
 11 Two dollars will be too much to allow him for so small a service. 
 
 12 The poet Austin has been accused by critics of writing verses 
 
 that could not properly be termed poetry. 
 
 13 Vs. is the abbreviation for versus, meaning against. 
 
 14 He waved the man aside impetuously, and said he would waive 
 
 all rights to the property. 
 
 15 Granite ware will outwear the ordinary kind. 
 
 16 Do not waste time; lost time can never be regained. 
 
 17 The Venus de Medici measures twenty-six inches around the 
 
 waist. 
 
 65 
 
THIRTIETH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 correspondent 
 
 purify 
 
 appraisal 
 
 commendable 
 
 clique 
 
 exhilarate 
 
 necessary 
 
 arrangements 
 
 confidant 
 
 succumb 
 
 reasonable 
 
 manufacturing 
 
 
 
 
 [ment 
 
 counsel 
 
 obscure 
 
 accustom 
 
 acknowledg- 
 
 decease 
 
 rebate 
 
 cleanly 
 
 complement 
 
 deference 
 
 ensuing 
 
 notebook 
 
 descendent 
 
 dissent 
 
 lawyer 
 
 curiosity 
 
 rendezvous 
 
 dessert 
 
 laboratory 
 
 antedate 
 
 thanksgiving 
 
 devise 
 
 emblem 
 
 renovate 
 
 penitentiary 
 
 dual 
 
 irregular 
 
 thresher 
 
 superiority 
 
 eminent 
 
 Tuesday 
 
 assign 
 
 organization 
 
 illusive 
 
 hitherto 
 
 college 
 
 professional 
 
 immigrant 
 
 existence 
 
 hazardous 
 
 completion 
 
 accede 
 
 author 
 
 vengeance 
 
 inflammation 
 
 exorcise 
 
 flexibility 
 
 grotesque 
 
 missionary 
 
 extant 
 
 teachable 
 
 guarantee 
 
 impression 
 
 genus 
 
 holiday 
 
 celluloid 
 
 implements 
 
 impassable 
 
 irritate 
 
 usury 
 
 deposition 
 
 indite 
 
 sincerely 
 
 important 
 
 catechism 
 
 ingenuous 
 
 polar 
 
 accurate 
 
 suffering 
 
 irruption 
 
 stampede 
 
 exception 
 
 alphabet 
 
 except 
 
 steward 
 
 definitely 
 
 naturally 
 
 extent 
 
 miner 
 
 progress 
 
 impatiently 
 
 poll 
 
 propel 
 
 valuing 
 
 intently 
 
 reliable 
 
 ancient 
 
 unwieldy 
 
 universal 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 NE of the things in life which we use the most 
 and value the least is language. It is the dis- 
 tinction of our race, our highest prerogative, the 
 instrument of our progress. It is the bond of 
 brotherhood, too, and the body in which truth be- 
 comes incarnate. The thought-history of the race is 
 written in the very structure of its speech; and a 
 language or a dialect is as significant of great social 
 forces now long spent as the strata of the earth's 
 surface are concerning seismic energies. 
 
 John Coleman Adams. 
 
 67 
 
THIRTY-FIRST LESSON Discriminated Words 
 
 caution 
 
 ka'-sMn 
 
 To warn ; to exhort ; to take heed. 
 
 advise 
 
 ad'-vlz' 
 
 To give advice to. 
 
 benefit 
 
 ben'-e-flt 
 
 Whatever promotes prosperity 
 
 
 
 and personal happiness, or 
 
 
 
 adds value to property. 
 
 advantage 
 
 ad-van'-taj 
 
 Any condition favorable to a de- 
 
 
 
 sired end. 
 
 contrary 
 
 kon'-tra-ry 
 
 In an opposite direction. 
 
 adverse 
 
 ad'-vers 
 
 Acting against. 
 
 opposite 
 apprehension 
 alarm 
 
 6p'-po-zlt 
 ap-pre-hSn'- shun 
 a-larm' 
 
 Extremely different. 
 Fear or distrust. 
 Warning sound to attract attention. 
 
 partnership 
 
 part'-ner-shlp 
 
 An association of persons for the 
 
 
 
 prosecution of an undertaking, 
 
 
 
 or a business on joint account. 
 
 league 
 
 leg 
 
 The combination of two or more 
 
 
 
 nations, parties or persons, for 
 
 
 
 the accomplishment of a pur- 
 
 
 
 pose. 
 
 alliance 
 
 al-li'-ans 
 
 A union or connection of inter- 
 
 
 
 ests between families, states, 
 
 
 
 parties, etc. 
 
 permit 
 
 per-mlt' 
 
 To suffer to be done ; to give leave. 
 
 allow 
 
 al-lou' 
 
 To grant license to ; to consent to. 
 
 pastime 
 
 pas'-tim 
 
 That which serves to make time 
 
 
 
 pass agreeably. 
 
 recreation 
 
 rek-re-a'-shun 
 
 Refreshment of the strength and 
 
 
 
 spirits after toil. 
 
 amusement 
 
 a-muz'-mSnt 
 
 Pleasurable excitement ; that 
 
 
 
 which amuses. 
 
 affinity 
 
 af-fln'-I-ty 
 
 Relation by marriage. 
 
 consanguinity 
 
 k6n-san-gwln'-l-ty 
 
 Relation by blood. 
 
 cure 
 
 kur 
 
 Successful remedial treatment ; 
 
 
 
 restorative. 
 
 remedy 
 
 rSm'-&-dy 
 
 Setting right of anything that 
 
 
 
 ha,s gone wrong. 
 
 animosity 
 
 an-I-m6s'-I-ty 
 
 Energetic and activp personal 
 
 
 
 dislike. 
 
 hostility 
 
 h6s-tll'-l-ty 
 
 State of being hostile ; enmity. 
 
 agreement 
 
 a-gre'-ment 
 
 The act of coming into accord ; 
 
 
 
 mutual consent. 
 
 contract 
 
 kfln'-trakt 
 
 Binding agreement between indi- 
 
 
 
 viduals, formally written and 
 
 
 
 executed. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences: reply, answer, obvious, apparent 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " You cautioned me against their charms." 
 
 2 Advise your friends to vote to change the measure. 
 
 3 Some benefits are conferred; others are reaped. 
 
 4 The educated man has a distinct advantage over the uneducated 
 
 man. 
 
 5 Things are contrary which have very great unlikeness to each 
 
 other, in character and attributes. 
 
 6 Adverse circumstances retard and make most difficult the prog- 
 
 ress of our purposes and schemes. 
 
 7 The contrary have wide differences; the opposite have nothing 
 
 in common. 
 
 8 " The pain of death is most in apprehension. 1 ' 
 
 9 Alarms were instantly sounded, and the employees, panic- 
 
 stricken, rushed from the burning building. 
 
 10 " He that has but five shillings in the partnership has as good a 
 
 right to it as he that has five hundred pounds has to his 
 larger proportion." 
 
 11 The Merchants' ^League has accomplished much toward further- 
 
 ing the interests of our city. 
 
 12 The alliance between the powers saved China from dismember- 
 
 ment. 
 
 13 Why does the city permit its public grounds to be used for such 
 
 questionable amusements ? 
 
 14 How can you allow the child to play in such inclement weather? 
 
 15 Many persons find golf a most excellent recreation; many others 
 
 find in cards a pleasant pastime. 
 
 16 The play was written expressly for the amusement of the king. 
 
 17 There is an affinity between husband and wife, in consequence 
 
 of the marriage tie. It is well if there be also an affinity of 
 sentiment and taste. 
 
 18 "Am I not consanguineous? Am I not of her blood?" 
 
 19 To remedy a disease is simply to remove it; to cure it is to 
 
 remove the cause. 
 
 20 Animosity exists between individuals, hostility between nations. 
 
 21 To agree is to come to terms ; to contract, is to reduce terms to 
 
 writing. 
 
THIRTY-SECOND LESSON Discriminated Words 
 
 colleague 
 
 kdl'-leg 
 
 One united with another in tenure of 
 
 
 
 office or discharge of official duty. 
 
 partner 
 
 part'-ner 
 
 Partaker; associate; joint owner. 
 
 confines 
 
 k6n'-fms 
 
 Common boundary; border. 
 
 limits 
 
 llm'-Its 
 
 That which bounds or circumscribes 
 
 
 
 in a material manner. 
 
 duty 
 
 du'-ty 
 
 DDhat which one is bound to do, or 
 
 
 
 perform. 
 
 obligation 
 
 6b'-H-ga'-shun 
 
 Act of obligating or binding. 
 
 like (liking) 
 
 Ilk 
 
 To be pleased with ; to enjoy. 
 
 love 
 
 luv 
 
 Affection ; fondness ; devotion. 
 
 fault 
 
 fait 
 
 Anything wanting or that impairs 
 
 
 
 excellence. 
 
 blemish 
 
 blSm'-Ish 
 
 To mark with deformity ; to mar. 
 
 defect 
 
 d-f6kt' 
 
 Want of something necessary for 
 
 
 
 completeness. 
 
 glory 
 
 glo'-ry 
 
 Praise ; reputation ; fame. 
 
 honor 
 
 6n'-er 
 
 Esteem due to worth; integrity. 
 
 pretty 
 
 prlt'-ty 
 
 Characterized by beauty of a deli- 
 
 
 
 cate kind. 
 
 handsome 
 
 han'-sum 
 
 Agreeable to the eye or to good taste 
 
 
 
 in form and appearance. 
 
 splendid 
 
 spten'-dld 
 
 Brightly shining; magnificent; il- 
 
 
 
 lustrious. 
 
 renowned 
 
 re-nound' 
 
 The state of being widely known for 
 
 
 
 one's great achievements of merit. 
 
 celebrated 
 
 sel'-e-bra'-tSd 
 
 Having celebrity ; distinguished. 
 
 notorious 
 
 no-to'-rl-us 
 
 Known to disadvantage; unfavor- 
 
 
 
 ably conspicuous. 
 
 choked 
 
 chokt 
 
 Stopping of anything through which 
 
 
 
 a free passage or current ought to 
 
 
 
 exist. 
 
 suffocated 
 
 suf'-fo-ka-ted 
 
 Suffocated is only applicable proper- 
 
 
 
 ly to living beings. 
 
 smothered 
 
 smuth'-erd 
 
 Smothered is used of such stoppage 
 
 
 
 of air as is produced by an over- 
 
 
 
 whelming mass from without. 
 
 surprised 
 
 sur-prizd' 
 
 Come upon suddenly. 
 
 astonished 
 
 as-t6n'-isht 
 
 Surprised greatly, as with some- 
 
 
 
 thing unaccountable. 
 
 Words to be applied: personalty, personality, realty, reality 
 
 70 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 A colleague is one who is united with another in the tenure of 
 
 office or the discharge of an official duty; a partner is com- 
 monly one who takes part in a social community of interest, 
 whether grave or gay. 
 
 2 We speak of the confines of a country, of the limits of a city. 
 
 3 A duty can never be against reason; an obligation may be even 
 
 absurd. Obligation is defined by the extent of the power which 
 obligates ; duty by the ability of the subject who performs. 
 
 4 Love involves some degree of admiration, though admiration is 
 
 not in itself love; but we may like persons for amiable quali- 
 ties, even when these qualities betray weakness. 
 
 5 A fault is a defect as referred to human agency ; as, a fault of 
 
 perspective in painting, while the fading of a color under 
 natural influences is a blemish. Anything which deteriorates 
 an article, or detracts from its completeness, whether as a 
 work of art or a piece of furniture, is a defect. 
 
 6 Honor is never entirely separated from virtue; but glory may 
 
 have no connection with it. Honor must ever regard the rights 
 of others; glory may be earned at their expense. Glory 
 attends great deeds; honor attends the discharge of duty. 
 Therefore we may, if we please, despise glory, but it is ill to 
 despise honor. 
 
 7 A pretty cottage; a handsome house; a splendid mansion. 
 
 8 Milton speaks of "some renowned metropolis with glistening 
 
 spires." 
 
 9 Kipling is a celebrated author. 
 
 10 He was notorious for his bad actions. 
 
 11 We are choTced by food; suffocated by foul air; smothered by 
 
 being forcibly excluded from the air. 
 
 12 We are surprised at what was unexpected. We are astonished. 
 
 at what was above our comprehension. The singular surprises, 
 the marvelous astonishes. Cleverness surprises, genius aston- 
 ishes. 
 
 71 
 
THIRTY-THIRD LESSON Discriminated Words 
 
 differ 
 
 <ttf'-fer 
 
 Differ is employed of personal mat- 
 
 
 
 ters of minor consequence. 
 
 dispute 
 
 dls-put' 
 
 Dispute is a difference more or less 
 
 
 
 strong kept within the bounds of 
 
 
 
 argument. 
 
 quarrel 
 
 kwor'-rel 
 
 An angry dispute ; brawl ; affray. 
 
 obstacle 
 
 ob'-sta-k'l 
 
 The obstacle is something before you, 
 
 
 
 which stops your progress. 
 
 impediment 
 
 Im-pSd'-I-ment 
 
 The impediment is here and there, 
 
 
 
 around and about you, to detain 
 
 
 
 you in your movements. 
 
 oblige 
 
 6-bllj' 
 
 To constrain by moral inducement; 
 
 
 
 to place under an obligation or 
 
 
 
 necessity. 
 
 bound 
 
 bound 
 
 Morally or legally constrained or 
 
 
 
 compelled. 
 
 discreet 
 
 dls-kret' 
 
 Discreet involves the natural apti- 
 
 
 
 tude to discern between good and 
 
 
 
 evil, truth and falsehood. 
 
 prudent 
 
 prij'-dent 
 
 Prudence prompts to the desirable 
 
 
 
 if it be safe. 
 
 faded 
 
 fad'-ed 
 
 Having lost color or vigor. 
 
 withered 
 
 wlth'-erd 
 
 Faded; dried up; decayed. 
 
 choose 
 
 choos 
 
 To make choice of. 
 
 prefer 
 impracticable 
 
 pre-fer' [b'l 
 Im-prak'-tl-ka- 
 
 To esteem above others. 
 Not in existing circumstances possi- 
 
 
 
 ble. 
 
 impossible 
 libel 
 
 Im-pos'-sl-b'l 
 H'-bel 
 
 Not in nature possible. 
 Anything tending to lessen, degrade, 
 
 
 
 or asperse character or reputation 
 
 
 
 or to bring into disrepute. 
 
 defamation 
 
 def'-a-ma-'shun 
 
 Malicious and groundless injury done 
 
 
 
 or attempted to be done to the rep- 
 
 
 
 utation or good name of another. 
 
 detained 
 
 d-tand' 
 
 Held back or restrained from pro- 
 
 
 
 ceeding ; stayed ; stopped. 
 
 hindered 
 
 hln'-derd 
 
 Kept from or delayed in action, 
 
 
 
 progress, motion or growth. 
 
 apprehend 
 
 ap-pre-hend' 
 
 Apprehend is literally to lay hold of 
 
 
 
 by the mind. 
 
 comprehend 
 
 k6m-pre-hgnd' 
 
 To comprehend is to embrace a 
 
 
 
 thing in all its extent. 
 
 join 
 
 join 
 
 To join is to put things into perma- 
 
 
 
 nent contact. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : extent, large, maintain, discernment 
 
 72 
 
unite 
 remunerate 
 
 compensate 
 
 u-nit' 
 re-mu'-ner-at 
 
 kom'-pen-sat 
 
 To unite is to join things in such 
 fashion that they may be one. 
 
 Remuneration is commonly taken in 
 the sense of compensation for per- 
 sonal services done. 
 
 To compensate is to furnish an 
 equivalent for anything lost or 
 parted with by another. 
 
 THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 We differ about a matter; we dispute about it after differing; 
 
 we quarrel after the dispute. 
 
 2 An impediment is vexatious. An obstacle may even provoke to 
 
 courage and additional effort. 
 
 3 We are obliged by necessity. We are bound by obligation. 
 
 4 The prudent man prepares for what is coming ; the discreet man 
 
 judges of present affairs. 
 
 5 The faded may be revived. The withered cannot revive. 
 
 S We choose one from a number ; we prefer one to another. 
 
 7 That which is impracticable is theoretically possible, but cannot 
 
 be done under existing conditions. That which is impossible 
 cannot be done at all. 
 
 8 Libel is slander written or published; defamation is slander 
 
 spoken. 
 
 9 We are detained by waiting for something ; we are hindered by 
 
 the badness of the roads. 
 
 10 I apprehend a thing when it is brought into direct relation to my 
 
 own mind; I comprehend a thing when I know all about it. 
 
 11 When two streams join they become united into one. Men unite 
 
 in esteem ; they may join in battle. 
 
 12 We remunerate for services received ; we compensate for injury 
 
 or loss. 
 
 73 
 
THIRTY-FOURTH LESSON Discriminated Words 
 
 return 
 
 re-ttirn' 
 
 To cause to take again a former po- 
 
 
 
 sition ; to repay in kind. 
 
 restore 
 
 r^-stor' 
 
 To cause to assume a former condi- 
 
 
 
 tion; to repair. 
 
 surrender 
 
 sur-r6n'-der 
 
 To yield possession of to another 
 
 
 
 upon compulsion or demand. 
 
 ability 
 
 a-bll'-I-ty 
 
 Power of applying knowledge to 
 
 
 
 practical purposes. 
 
 capacity 
 
 ka-pas'-I-ty 
 
 Power of receiving knowledge. 
 
 discover 
 
 dls-kuv'-er 
 
 To find out ; disclose ; reveal ; detect. 
 
 invent 
 
 In-v6nt' 
 
 To contrive ; to devise ; contrivance 
 
 
 
 of that which did not exist before. 
 
 specimen 
 
 spes'-I-men 
 
 A specimen is a representative of the 
 
 
 
 class of thing to which it belongs. 
 
 sample 
 
 sam'-p'l 
 
 A sample is a part of the thing itself. 
 
 adjoining 
 
 ad-join'-Ing 
 
 In contact with. 
 
 adjacent 
 
 ad-ja'-sent 
 
 Near. 
 
 liable 
 
 H'-a-b'l 
 
 Do not say " It is liable to rain," for 
 
 likely 
 
 Kk'-ly 
 
 " It is likely to rain." 
 
 obsolete 
 
 6b'-so-let 
 
 Gone out of use. 
 
 extinct 
 
 eks-tlnkt' 
 
 Not now existing. 
 
 temperance 
 
 tem'-per-ans 
 
 Moderation. 
 
 abstinence 
 
 ab'-stl-nens 
 
 Doing entirely without. 
 
 benevolence 
 
 be-neV-6-lens 
 
 The desire to do good. 
 
 beneficence 
 
 be-n6f'-I-sens 
 
 Active goodness. 
 
 tacit 
 
 tas'-It 
 
 Implied, but not expressed in words. 
 
 
 
 Tacit is employed of things abstract. 
 
 silent 
 
 si'-lent 
 
 Silent characterizes either persons 
 
 
 
 or things. 
 
 transpire 
 happen 
 
 tran-spir' 
 Mp'Vn 
 
 Does not mean to happen, but to 
 escape from secrecy, to leak out. 
 
 character 
 
 kar'-ak-ter 
 
 What one really is. 
 
 reputation 
 
 rSp'-u-ta'-shun 
 
 What others think him to be. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : invoice, authentic, abolish, profession 
 
 74 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 We return what was borrowed or lent; we restore what was 
 
 taken or given; we surrender what is ours by right. 
 
 2 His capacity for acquiring knowledge was phenomenal, but he 
 
 was singularly lacking in ability to apply it. 
 
 3 Newton discovered the law of gravitation; Edison invented a 
 
 method of applying that law to the crushing of iron ore. 
 
 4 Specimen pages of the book have been carefully examined, and 
 
 we should now like to see samples of the proposed binding. 
 
 5 The lots are adjoining, but the houses on them are only adjacent. 
 
 6 We are liable for our debts ; we are likely to make friends if we 
 
 are truthful, honest, ambitious, and thoughtful. 
 
 7 Obsolete is applied chiefly to terms, documents, customs, and ob- 
 
 servances, and is never used of persons. Volcanoes, races of 
 people, and animals may become extinct. 
 
 8 Some are compelled to take refuge in abstinence, feeling their 
 
 inability to be temperate. 
 
 9 Self-denial does not belong to beneficence, because the beneficent 
 
 is above the condition of suffering from a diminution of what 
 he possesses when he bestows upon others. The benevolent man 
 may want the means of being liberal in matters of money or 
 gifts, but he will naturally give when he can and according to 
 his means, from a disposition to wish well to others. 
 
 10 Friendship, when strict, comprehends a tacit agreement and 
 
 covenant between those who enter into it, to look upon the 
 concerns of each other in a great measure as their own. " How 
 silent is this town ! " 
 
 11 The verb transpire formerly conveyed very expressively its cor- 
 
 rect meaning, namely, to become known . through unnoticed 
 channels to exhale, as it were, into publicity through invisible 
 pores, like a vapor or gas disengaging itself. A practice has 
 commenced of employing this word as a mere synonym of hap- 
 pen. Such use of the word is condemned by the best writers. 
 
 12 Character is borne, reputation acquired, credit given. Reputa- 
 
 tion is more than ordinary ; character and credit belong to 
 ordinary deeds, conduct, and persons. 
 
 75 
 
THIRTY-FIFTH LESSON-Review and General Exercise 
 
 obligation 
 
 relapse 
 
 applaud 
 
 impracticable 
 
 honor 
 
 horticulture 
 
 miracle 
 
 remuneration 
 
 splendid 
 
 mortgage 
 
 monotonous 
 
 inconvenience 
 
 celebrated 
 
 voucher 
 
 supersede 
 
 dollar 
 
 
 
 
 [tional 
 
 surprised 
 
 jobber 
 
 incessant 
 
 unconstitu- 
 
 differ 
 
 wreckage 
 
 prejudice 
 
 unscrupulous 
 
 quarrel 
 
 occurrences 
 
 suspicious 
 
 circumference 
 
 alliance 
 
 thankful 
 
 mercantile 
 
 accomplished 
 
 obstacle 
 
 cocoa 
 
 rivalry 
 
 incorporation 
 
 discernment 
 
 punctuation 
 
 precipice 
 
 consolidated 
 
 choose 
 
 frigid 
 
 leisure 
 
 unmanageable 
 
 apprehend 
 
 install 
 
 intentions 
 
 perpendicular 
 
 remunerate 
 
 frustrate 
 
 patronage 
 
 vicious 
 
 surrender 
 
 commute 
 
 outstanding 
 
 degraded 
 
 sympathize 
 
 inventor 
 
 information 
 
 benefit 
 
 renowned 
 
 cabinet 
 
 bureau 
 
 cosmetic 
 
 reciprocal 
 
 rescind 
 
 positively 
 
 aggrieve 
 
 tacit 
 
 citizen 
 
 admittance 
 
 merchandise 
 
 reputation 
 
 delinquent 
 
 grammar 
 
 exorbitant 
 
 comprehend 
 
 competition 
 
 auspices 
 
 punctual 
 
 agreement 
 
 beginner 
 
 disturb 
 
 spindle 
 
 pretense 
 
 impel 
 
 customary 
 
 collectible 
 
 colleague 
 
 sophomore 
 
 unglazed 
 
 peculiarities 
 
 specimen 
 
 analyses 
 
 signal 
 
 predecessor 
 
 beneficence 
 
 precious 
 
 coincide 
 
 century 
 
 76 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 " npHERE is a fascination in the mere sound of 
 * articulated breath; of consonants that resist 
 with the firmness of a maid of honor, or half or 
 wholly yield to the wooing lips; of vowels that 
 flow and murmur, each after its kind; the peremp- 
 tory b and />, the brittle k, the vibrating r, the insinu- 
 ating s, the feathery /, the velvety v, the bell-voiced 
 m, the tranquil broad a, the penetrating e, the cooing 
 u, the emotional o, and the beautiful combinations 
 of alternate rock and stream, as it were, that they 
 give to the rippling flow of speech there is a fas- 
 cination in the skillful handling of these, which the 
 great poets and even prose-writers have not dis- 
 dained to acknowledge and use to recommend their 
 thought." Holmes. 
 
 ,77 
 
THIRTY-SIXTH LESSO N Possessive Forms 
 
 RULE: The possessive singular of nouns is formed by adding an 
 apostrophe and an s to the nominative. 
 
 Write the possessive singular of the following: 
 
 child Alice history box 
 
 lass woman letter watch 
 
 guide James hero postman 
 
 night Frances tourist girl 
 
 lady minister fortune man 
 
 year month day season 
 
 RULE : The possessive of plural nouns is formed by adding an 
 apostrophe to the nominative plural if it ends in s ; if the nomina- 
 tive plural does not end in s, add an apostrophe and an s. In proper 
 names ending in s, the authorities favor adding the apostrophe and 
 s. For example: James's aunt. 
 
 Write the possessive plural of the following: 
 
 attorney house man colony 
 
 witness robber boy cavern 
 
 student lady woman dwarf 
 
 mechanic mouse chief pupil 
 
 stationer chimney girl railway 
 
 mother child lawyer season 
 
 month day year manufacturer 
 
 THE WORDS A P P L I E D Dictation Exercise 
 
 The members of the Mothers' Club were entertained by the presi- 
 dent. Stationers' supplies were manufactured there. The department 
 store advertised men's, women's, boys' and girls' clothing, at prices 
 lower than they had been before in many years. The students met 
 at the mechanics' pavilion. He found the lady's handbag containing 
 a pair of ladies' gloves. Frances's interpretation of the minister's 
 poem was very clever. The hero's grave was pointed out to the 
 party of tourists. The colonies' defection brought on the war. A 
 year's work in a girls' school will be the best for her. James's watch 
 was used as a compass by the guides. Alice's return is looked for 
 within ten days' time. The witnesses' actions on the witness stand 
 should be carefully observed by the jury. A month's time was needed 
 to deliver the packages. A three days' trip was made to New York 
 by Mr. Morris's aunt. 
 
 78 
 
THIRTY-SEVENTH LESSON-How Plurals are Formed 
 
 RULE : The plurals of nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant 
 are formed by changing y into i and adding es to the singular. 
 
 Form the plurals of the following : 
 
 variety authority necessity courtesy 
 
 melody auxiliary society quantity 
 
 discovery prodigy luxury security 
 
 ecstasy destiny cruelty inaccuracy 
 
 prophecy company mystery incapacity 
 
 monopoly treasury tragedy story 
 
 RULE : The plurals of nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel are 
 formed by adding s to the singular. 
 
 Form the plurals of the following : 
 
 pulley Thursday essay attorney 
 
 affray money donkey parley 
 
 covey assay galley jockey 
 
 holiday alloy relay pathway 
 
 chimney envoy abbey roundelay 
 
 stairway decoy journey survey 
 
 THE WORDS A P P L I E D Dictation Exercise 
 
 Many things that were formerly counted as luxuries are now 
 considered among the necessities of life. She went into ecstasies over 
 the beauty of the melodies. The varieties in the monopolies, and 
 their frequent financial cruelties, were among the discoveries of the 
 authorities. The inaccuracies in the statements of these societies, as 
 to the amounts in their treasuries, are astonishing. The mysteries 
 and tragedies of life form the themes of many brilliant essays. 
 These companies and their auxiliaries were subjected to the close 
 scrutiny of the examiners. Men are masters of their destinies. Many 
 of the prodigies of history were short-lived. The court reprimanded 
 the attorneys for their long parleys. Surveys were made of the 
 grounds around the abbeys. In their journeys the envoys sometimes 
 rode donkeys. His essays on the assays of moneys and their alloys 
 were read with interest. Decoys were used to lure the convoys. The 
 jockeys on holidays engage in many affrays. 
 
 79 
 
THIRTY-EIGHTH L E S S O N-Forming Plurals 
 
 RULE : The plural of most nouns ending in o is formed by adding 
 s to the singular: 
 
 altos quartos palmettos contraltos 
 
 studios folios cameos embryos 
 
 pianos sopranos bassos tobaccos 
 
 solos mementos ratios porticos 
 
 provisos tyros stilettos frescos 
 
 intaglios halos dittos imbroglios 
 
 RULE : The plural of some nouns ending in o is formed by adding 
 es to the singular: 
 
 potatoes torpedoes manifestoes grottoes 
 
 vetoes tornadoes mosquitoes dadoes 
 
 embargoes buffaloes desperadoes mangoes 
 
 cargoes calicoes mottoes volcanoes 
 
 negroes echoes tomatoes innuendoes 
 
 aloes bilboes porticoes stuccoes 
 
 THE WORDS APPLIE D Dictation Exercise 
 
 The pianos in the studios were often used to accompany the 
 sopranos. The cargoes were made up of potatoes, calicoes, tobaccos, 
 tomatoes, and mangoes, and were unloaded by negroes. Cameos are 
 the exact opposites of intaglios. The solos of the bassos were re- 
 peated in the echoes. Desperadoes, armed with stilettos, were en- 
 gaged in noisy imbroglios. Splendid -frescos adorned the dadoes on 
 the porticos. Many innuendoes were obscured in the provisos of the 
 manifestoes. Both tornadoes and volcanoes strike terror to the hearts 
 of the inhabitants of many countries. Embargoes were placed on 
 torpedoes. -Mementos and mottoes were included in the collection. 
 Buffaloes in America are very scarce. The relays were run on 
 Thursdays. Both the chimneys and the stairways have been com- 
 pleted. The securities were produced in quantities. 
 
 Form plurals : medley, railway, parody, mercy. 
 
 80 
 
THIRTY-NINTH L E S S O N-Forming Plurals 
 
 RULE : The plural of most nouns ending in / or fe is formed by 
 adding s to the singular : 
 
 puffs gulfs waifs clefs 
 
 sheriffs beliefs cliffs staffs 
 
 giraffes briefs skiffs cuffs 
 
 strifes proofs bluffs hoofs 
 
 plaintiffs roofs muffs chefs 
 
 dwarfs stuffs bailiffs handkerchiefs 
 
 Some nouns ending in / or fe, however, form their plural by 
 changing / or fe into v and adding es to the singular : 
 
 Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur. 
 
 wife wives shelf shelves 
 
 thief thieves wolf wolves 
 
 knife knives life lives 
 
 half halves wharf wharves 
 
 beef beeves calf calves 
 
 elf elves leaf leaves 
 
 loaf loaves sheaf sheaves 
 
 THE WORDS A P P L I E D Dictation Exercise 
 
 Puffs of wind from the cliffs made the flight of the aeroplanes 
 perilous. The wives of the thieves were left on the wharves; the 
 grief of the thieves was real. Glue was made from the hoofs of the 
 calves and the beeves. Dye stuffs formed the larger part of the 
 cargo, which consisted also of muffs, cuffs, and knives. Proofs of the 
 strifes could not be produced. The competition between the chefs 
 resulted in some wonderful dishes. Briefs were prepared for both 
 plaintiffs and defendants. The Gulf of Mexico is the largest of the 
 gulfs. The various staffs of the army were called into consultation. 
 Proofs of collusion between the sheriffs was found. The queer beliefs 
 of the waifs were caused by the severity of their lives. 
 
 Form plurals : lady, comedy, agency, legacy. 
 
 81 
 
FORTIETH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 abbreviate 
 
 indelible 
 
 description 
 
 imperative 
 
 initial 
 
 blamable 
 
 equally 
 
 women's 
 
 fulfill 
 
 prophecies 
 
 fascinate 
 
 incessant 
 
 abstinence 
 
 breadth 
 
 manufacturers 
 
 cylinder 
 
 ladies' 
 
 guarantee 
 
 balancing 
 
 incredible 
 
 convenience 
 
 luxuries 
 
 fictitious 
 
 brilliancy 
 
 adaptation 
 
 casual 
 
 ratios 
 
 girls' 
 
 lady's 
 
 attorneys 
 
 allegiance 
 
 individual 
 
 anguish 
 
 carrying 
 
 forfeiture 
 
 boy's 
 
 witnesses' 
 
 horizon 
 
 liquefy 
 
 inheritance 
 
 anticipate 
 
 lavish 
 
 child's 
 
 moneys 
 
 irreparable 
 
 civilize 
 
 function 
 
 innocence 
 
 apparatus 
 
 pulleys 
 
 irascible 
 
 aggregate 
 
 tobaccos 
 
 collegiate 
 
 grievance 
 
 insensible 
 
 eligible 
 
 comparative 
 
 auxiliaries 
 
 ecstasies 
 
 appreciate 
 
 mosquitoes 
 
 essays 
 
 beliefs 
 
 lineal 
 
 compelling 
 
 government 
 
 necessities 
 
 initiate 
 
 immediate 
 
 holiday 
 
 labeling 
 
 athlete 
 
 conscience 
 
 circulation 
 
 holidays 
 
 experience 
 
 surveys 
 
 hypnotize 
 
 languish 
 
 auditor 
 
 debit 
 
 idealize 
 
 absorption 
 
 insignificant 
 
 implicit 
 
 coerce 
 
 library 
 
 believe 
 
 dependent 
 
 ignoble 
 
 architecture 
 
 essential 
 
 tragedies 
 
 treasuries 
 
 lieutenant 
 
 benefited 
 
 incorrigible 
 
 illusion 
 
 hysterical 
 
 82 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 WORDS OF OPPOSITE MEANING 
 
 QYNONYMS and antonyms are especially adapted 
 O to oral recitation. The teacher may stimulate 
 competition by asking for original oral sentences 
 giving both the word under discussion, and its oppo- 
 site. This will necessarily call for advance prepara- 
 tion by the student, which will be a valuable aid in 
 inducing frequent consultation of the dictionary. 
 One day may be devoted to spelling, pronunciation 
 and definitions of the words, and another to sentence 
 work. The teacher will have wide opportunity for 
 talks on the discrimination in the use of words while 
 on this section. 
 
 " Words Often Mispronounced " are introduced 
 to stimulate interest in pronunciation, and to sup- 
 plement the dictionary work already given. The 
 student must consult the dictionary to get the cor- 
 rect pronunciation, and should be required to make 
 up a list of the words in the day's lesson, mark them 
 diacritically, and show the accent. The recitation 
 will necessarily be given orally. 
 
 83 
 
FORTY-FIRST LESSON Words of Opposite Meaning 
 
 The Word 
 
 The Antonym 
 
 The Word 
 
 The Antonym 
 
 ability 
 
 weakness 
 
 calculate 
 
 conjecture 
 
 abundance 
 
 scarcity 
 
 positive 
 
 uncertain 
 
 busy 
 
 idle 
 
 intercept 
 
 despatch 
 
 acknowledge 
 
 disclaim 
 
 introductory 
 
 conclusive 
 
 include 
 
 exclude 
 
 seldom 
 
 often 
 
 adopt 
 
 reject 
 
 consecutive 
 
 disordered 
 
 inhale 
 
 exhale 
 
 create 
 
 destroy 
 
 advertise 
 
 suppress 
 
 consequence 
 
 insignificance 
 
 abstract 
 
 concrete 
 
 within 
 
 without 
 
 arouse 
 
 aUay 
 
 consolidate 
 
 disintegrate 
 
 fearful 
 
 fearless 
 
 collect 
 
 scatter 
 
 attention 
 
 disregard 
 
 obtuse 
 
 acute 
 
 ruddy 
 
 pallid 
 
 extend 
 
 contract 
 
 before 
 
 after 
 
 concave 
 
 convex 
 
 either 
 
 neither 
 
 familiar 
 
 uncommon 
 
 belief 
 
 dissent 
 
 natural 
 
 artificial 
 
 inward 
 
 outward 
 
 feeble 
 
 robust 
 
 depth 
 
 surface 
 
 barren 
 
 fertile 
 
 export 
 
 import 
 
 frugal 
 
 extravagant 
 
 brevity 
 
 extension 
 
 persuade 
 
 dissuade 
 
 minor 
 
 major 
 
 pertinent 
 
 unrelated 
 
 brilliant 
 
 dull 
 
 interior 
 
 exterior 
 
 ingenuous 
 
 reserved 
 
 declare 
 
 contradict 
 
 casual 
 
 regular 
 
 capricious 
 
 inflexible 
 
 liquid 
 
 solid 
 
 fixed 
 
 changeable 
 
 Antonyms to 
 
 be applied : suspend, support, established, victory 
 
 84 
 
FORTY-SECOND LESSON Words of 
 
 Opposite Meaning 
 
 The Word 
 
 The Antonym 
 
 The Word 
 
 The Antonym 
 
 indispensable 
 
 unnecessary 
 
 perfect 
 
 defective 
 
 advance 
 
 recede 
 
 physical 
 
 mental 
 
 censure 
 
 praise 
 
 politic 
 
 unwise 
 
 instinct 
 
 reason 
 
 superior 
 
 inferior 
 
 charitable 
 
 unkind 
 
 definite 
 
 vague 
 
 intricate 
 
 simple 
 
 previous 
 
 subsequent 
 
 effect 
 
 cause 
 
 probable 
 
 unlikely 
 
 jovial 
 
 gloomy 
 
 lavish 
 
 sparing 
 
 justify 
 
 condemn 
 
 public 
 
 secret 
 
 youthful 
 
 mature 
 
 quaint 
 
 commonplace 
 
 knowledge 
 
 ignorance 
 
 worldly 
 
 spiritual 
 
 hidden 
 
 exposed 
 
 real 
 
 fictitious 
 
 loose 
 
 fastened 
 
 worthless 
 
 costly 
 
 lucid 
 
 obscure 
 
 commend 
 
 disapprove 
 
 false 
 
 true 
 
 satisfaction 
 
 discontent 
 
 noble 
 
 mean 
 
 reduce 
 
 enlarge 
 
 merit 
 
 worthlessness 
 
 radical 
 
 conservative 
 
 treacherous 
 
 sincere 
 
 refute 
 
 confirm 
 
 servile 
 
 independent 
 
 liberate 
 
 confine 
 
 lenient 
 
 harsh 
 
 surrender 
 
 withhold 
 
 laborer 
 
 employer 
 
 remote 
 
 close 
 
 monopoly 
 
 competition 
 
 mortal 
 
 divine 
 
 oppose 
 
 support 
 
 hinder 
 
 advance 
 
 order 
 
 confusion 
 
 scant 
 
 ample 
 
 local 
 
 universal restore 
 
 remove 
 
 Antonyms to be applied : profuse, project, guide, economize 
 
 85 
 
FORTY-THIRD LESSON Words Often Mispronounced 
 
 acclimate 
 
 caricature 
 
 courteous 
 
 epitome 
 
 acoustics 
 
 cassimere 
 
 courtesy 
 
 equanimity 
 
 admirable 
 
 casualty 
 
 credence 
 
 executor 
 
 aeronaut 
 
 chastisement 
 
 culinary 
 
 exemplary 
 
 aeroplane 
 
 chauffeur 
 
 cursed 
 
 exhilarate 
 
 aged 
 
 chirography 
 
 debris 
 
 exorbitant 
 
 agriculturist 
 
 circuitous 
 
 decade 
 
 extant 
 
 alias 
 
 cognizance 
 
 decadence 
 
 extraordinary 
 
 almond 
 
 cognizant 
 
 deficit 
 
 exuberant 
 
 altercate 
 
 colleague 
 
 demonstrative 
 
 facetious 
 
 alternate 
 
 combatant 
 
 denunciate 
 
 facsimile 
 
 amenable 
 apparatus 
 
 commensur- 
 [able 
 comparable 
 
 depot 
 derelict 
 
 February 
 finale 
 
 appendicitis 
 
 complaisance 
 
 despicable 
 
 finance 
 
 apricot 
 
 comptroller 
 
 desultory 
 
 financier 
 
 architect 
 
 confiscate 
 
 disputant 
 
 formidable 
 
 arctic 
 
 connoisseur 
 
 docile 
 
 gaseous 
 
 asparagus 
 
 consummate 
 
 ductile 
 
 glycerine 
 
 aspirant 
 
 contrary 
 
 economical 
 
 government 
 
 asphalt 
 
 controversy 
 
 elite 
 
 granary 
 
 authoritative 
 
 contumely 
 
 enervate 
 
 gratis 
 
 auxiliary 
 
 conversant 
 
 enunciate 
 
 gratuitous 
 
 avoirdupois 
 
 coterie 
 
 envelope 
 
 guardian 
 
 bronchitis 
 
 coupon 
 
 epicurean 
 
 harassed 
 
 buoyancy 
 
 courier 
 
 epistle 
 
 heinous 
 
 Consult the dictionary for pronunciation 
 
FORTY-FOURTH LESSON Words Often Mispronounced 
 
 heroine 
 
 irrevocable 
 
 pedestal 
 
 romance 
 
 heroism 
 
 juvenile 
 
 patronize 
 
 roseate 
 
 holocaust 
 
 laboratory 
 
 peremptory 
 
 routine 
 
 homage 
 
 lamentable 
 
 placable 
 
 sagacious 
 
 homogeneous 
 
 learned 
 
 placard 
 
 satiate 
 
 horizon 
 
 long-lived 
 
 plagiarism 
 
 simultaneous 
 
 hostile 
 
 ludicrous 
 
 plebeian 
 
 sinecure 
 
 ignoramus 
 
 magazine 
 
 precedence 
 
 sleek 
 
 illustrate 
 
 maintenance 
 
 preferable 
 
 squalid 
 
 illustrated 
 
 maritime 
 
 profile 
 
 squalor 
 
 illustrative 
 
 medicinal 
 
 projectile 
 
 status 
 
 implacable 
 
 medieval 
 
 prote'ge' 
 
 stupendous 
 
 indubitable 
 
 mensurable 
 
 pumice 
 
 strata 
 
 incomparable 
 
 mischievous 
 
 recipe 
 
 suavity 
 
 increment 
 
 monarchical 
 
 reconnois- 
 
 subtle 
 
 
 
 [sance 
 
 
 indefatigable 
 
 naive 
 
 refutable 
 
 suffice 
 
 indisputable 
 
 nausea 
 
 reparable 
 
 tapestry 
 
 indissolubly 
 
 neuralgia 
 
 repartee 
 
 tenacious 
 
 inexplicable 
 
 obduracy 
 
 reputable 
 
 tepid 
 
 inquiry 
 
 paltry 
 
 respirable 
 
 tremendous 
 
 integral 
 
 pantomime 
 
 respite 
 
 trespass 
 
 interested 
 
 patriot 
 
 restaurant 
 
 vehement 
 
 interesting 
 
 patron 
 
 revocable 
 
 versatile 
 
 irrefutable 
 
 patronage 
 
 ribald 
 
 vindictive 
 
 irreparable 
 
 pecuniary 
 
 robust 
 
 zoology 
 
 Consult the dictionary for pronunciation 
 
 87 
 
FORTY-. FIFTH T FSSON Review and General Exercise. Words 
 r^IXl I-Fir iO L,H,OO^iN Often Mispronounced. 
 
 scientific 
 
 admirably 
 
 egotism 
 
 ordeal 
 
 scrutinize 
 
 advertisement 
 
 exigency 
 
 partiality 
 
 retrieve 
 
 aristocrat 
 
 explicable 
 
 precedent 
 
 reversion 
 
 audacious 
 
 exquisite 
 
 predecessor 
 
 progressive 
 
 bade 
 
 fidelity 
 
 prestige 
 
 racial 
 
 cemetery 
 
 fiduciary 
 
 pretense 
 
 definite 
 
 civilization 
 
 genial 
 
 process 
 
 physique 
 
 cleanly 
 
 genuine 
 
 purport 
 
 skillful 
 
 coadjutor 
 
 gigantic 
 
 referable 
 
 sphere 
 
 column 
 
 grievous 
 
 research 
 
 remonstrate 
 
 comely 
 
 grimace 
 
 resource 
 
 repetition 
 
 compromise 
 
 hospitable 
 
 rinse 
 
 preparation 
 
 concentrate 
 
 hygienic 
 
 series 
 
 offense 
 
 construe 
 
 hypocrisy 
 
 slough 
 
 omniscient 
 
 contrast 
 
 importune 
 
 strategic 
 
 capricious 
 
 courteous 
 
 inaugurate 
 
 surprise 
 
 ostracize 
 
 decisive 
 
 inexorable 
 
 therefore 
 
 pretentious 
 
 decorous 
 
 irremediable 
 
 unlearned 
 
 reiterate 
 
 demonstrate 
 
 isolate 
 
 usurp 
 
 serviceable 
 
 deaf 
 
 leisure 
 
 valuable 
 
 perilous 
 
 details 
 
 lethargic 
 
 vanquish 
 
 prejudice 
 
 diphtheria 
 
 lieutenant 
 
 vehemence 
 
 sacrifice 
 
 direct 
 
 negligee 
 
 veracious 
 
 permeable 
 
 discrepancy 
 
 occult 
 
 vindicatory 
 
 cessation 
 
 domicile 
 
 opponent 
 
 vivacious 
 
 88 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 your faith in all beautiful things; in the 
 sun when it is hidden; in the spring when it is 
 gone. . . . And then you will find that Duty and 
 Service and Sacrifice all the old ogres and bug- 
 bears of life have joys imprisoned in their deepest 
 dungeons! And it is for you to set them free the 
 immortal joys that no one no living soul, or fate, 
 or circumstance can rob you of, once you have 
 released them. Roy Rolfe Gilson. 
 
 89 
 
FORTY-SIXTH LESSON- Words used in Law 
 
 abscond 
 
 ab-sk6nd' 
 
 To steal away to avoid a legal 
 
 attorney 
 
 at-tfir'-ny 
 
 process. 
 One who is legally appointed by 
 
 
 
 another to transact business 
 
 
 
 for him. 
 
 cross-question 
 
 kr6s'-kw6s'-chun 
 
 To cross-examine; to question 
 
 intestate 
 
 In-tes'-tat 
 
 minutely or repeatedly. 
 Without a will. 
 
 litigate 
 
 Ht'-I-gat 
 
 To contest in law. 
 
 technicality 
 
 tek-nl-kal'-l-ty 
 
 That which is peculiar to any 
 
 
 
 profession. 
 
 accessory 
 
 ak-s6s'-s6-ry 
 
 Accompanying ; aiding crime, 
 
 
 
 though not present at the per- 
 
 
 
 petration. 
 
 code 
 
 kod 
 
 A collection of laws. 
 
 document 
 
 d6k'-u-m6nt 
 
 A legal paper, written to furnish 
 
 
 
 evidence or proof. 
 
 invalid 
 
 In-vai'-Id 
 
 Void; of no force. 
 
 probate 
 
 pro'-bat 
 
 Proof of wills, etc. 
 
 testament 
 
 tSs'-ta-ment 
 
 A will. 
 
 acquittal 
 
 ak-kwlt'-tal 
 
 Formal release from a charge. 
 
 libel 
 
 li'-bfil 
 
 To defame. 
 
 ratable 
 
 rat'-a-b'l 
 
 Liable to taxation. 
 
 testimony 
 
 ts'-tl-m6-ny 
 
 Evidence; proof. 
 
 adjure 
 
 ad-jur' 
 
 To charge, bind, or command 
 
 
 
 earnestly. 
 
 license 
 
 li'-sns 
 
 A written document by which 
 
 
 
 permission is granted. 
 
 venue 
 
 vSn'-u 
 
 Place of trial; neighborhood. 
 
 advocate 
 
 ad'-vo-kat 
 
 One who pleads for another. 
 
 verdict 
 
 vtir'-dlkt 
 
 Judgment ; decision. 
 
 affidavit 
 
 af'-fl-da'-vlt 
 
 A written declaration upon oath. 
 
 veto 
 
 ve'-to 
 
 An authoritative prohibition. 
 
 alibi 
 
 ai'-I-bi 
 
 A plea of having been in another 
 
 
 
 place at the time an offense is 
 
 
 
 alleged to have been committed. 
 
 alimony 
 
 al'-I-m6-ny 
 
 A separate maintenance. 
 
 Words to be applied: absolve, adequate, administrator, acknowledge 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " He must, for reasons which nobody could define, have absconded" 
 
 2 " An attorney may have general powers to act for another, or his 
 
 power may be special." 
 
 3 The witness was then subjected to a rigid cross-questioning. 
 
 4 To die intestate is to leave property at the mercy of lawyers. 
 
 5 The effect of this ruling will be to provoke endless litigation. 
 
 6 The culprit was freed on a mere technicality. 
 
 7 An accomplice is usually a principal ; an accessory, never. 
 
 8 " The business of the world could not be carried forward one day 
 
 without a most complete code of customs." 
 
 9 Every document in connection with this case must be produced. 
 
 10 The contract was declared invalid by the eminent counsel. 
 
 11 In strictness, a testament differs from a will in that it bequeaths 
 
 personal property only ; but the words are commonly used in- 
 terchangeably. The will was immediately probated. 
 
 12 His influential friends were instrumental in securing his ac- 
 
 quittal. 
 
 13 Libel is defined in law as the crime of issuing a malicious 
 
 defamatory publication. 
 
 14 This property is not ratable. 
 
 15 Testimony is the evidence of one; evidence may comprehend 
 
 the testimony of many. 
 
 16 " Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, ' Cursed be the man 
 
 before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city of 
 Jericho.' " 
 
 17 " Liberty sometimes runs to license, not because it is bad in itself, 
 
 but because human passion perverts its principle." 
 
 18 The defendant, through counsel, immediately asked for a change 
 
 of venue. 
 
 19 We defend persons, plead for their necessities, advocate their 
 
 cause. 
 
 20 The verdict was universally denounced. 
 
 21 " Affidavits are usually required when evidence is to be laid before 
 
 a judge or court." 
 
 22 It was a foregone conclusion that the governor would veto the 
 
 measure. 
 
 23 The prisoner cannot prove an alibi. 
 
 24 The defendant was allowed $100 a week alimony. 
 
 91 
 
FORTY-SEVENTH LESSON-Words used in Law 
 
 executrix 
 
 eks-ek'-u-trlks 
 
 A female executor. 
 
 guardian 
 
 gard'-I-an 
 
 One in charge of the person or property 
 
 
 
 of a minor. 
 
 iUegal 
 
 Il-le'-g'l 
 
 Not lawful. 
 
 justice 
 
 jus'-tls 
 
 Merited reward or punishment. 
 
 lenient 
 
 le'-nl-ent 
 
 Acting without severity; merciful. 
 
 judgment 
 
 juj'-mSnt 
 
 Decision of a court. 
 
 inherit 
 
 m-her'-It 
 
 To receive by birth. 
 
 nullify 
 
 nulMl-fi 
 
 To deprive of legal force ; to make void. 
 
 lien 
 
 len 
 
 A legal claim. 
 
 deponent 
 
 de-po'-nent 
 
 One who gives written testimony to be 
 
 
 
 used in court. 
 
 notary 
 
 no'-ta-ry 
 
 An officer who certifies deeds, etc. 
 
 plaintiff 
 
 plan'-tif 
 
 The person who commences a suit. 
 
 injustice 
 
 In- jus'-tls 
 
 Violation of the rights of a person. 
 
 expiate 
 
 eks'-pl-at 
 
 To atone for. 
 
 bailable 
 
 bal'-a-b'l 
 
 Capable of being set free after arrest, 
 
 
 
 by giving a bond. 
 
 client 
 
 kli'-ent 
 
 One who receives advice from a lawyer, 
 
 
 
 on a question of law. 
 
 arbitrary 
 
 ar'-bl-tra-ry 
 
 Absolute in power; despotic. 
 
 defendant 
 
 de--f6nd'-ant 
 
 The accused person ; one who opposes 
 
 
 
 a complaint. 
 
 penalty 
 
 pen'-'l-ty 
 
 Punishment for crime or offense. 
 
 mortgage 
 
 mor'-gej 
 
 A conveyance of property as security 
 
 
 
 for debt. 
 
 fiat 
 
 fi'-ifc 
 
 A decree. 
 
 certificate 
 
 ser-ttf'-I-kat 
 
 A declaration in writing. 
 
 amenable 
 
 a-me-na-b'l 
 
 Tractable ; responsible. 
 
 appraisal 
 
 ap-praz'-al 
 
 A valuation of property by an authority. 
 
 legatee 
 
 lg-a-te' 
 
 A person to whom a legacy is be- 
 
 
 
 queathed. 
 
 Words to be applied: corroborate, claimant, judicial, legacy 
 
 92 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The news that she had been appointed executrix of the estate 
 
 was received with disfavor by the other heirs. 
 
 2 " The guardian, with us, performs the office of both the tutor and 
 
 curator of the Roman laws." 
 
 3 Such restraint of trade is considered illegal by high authorities. 
 
 4 Justice is the giving to every person exactly what he deserves. 
 
 5 " A critic should be lenient when considering speculations of this 
 
 nature." 
 
 6 Judgment has been entered against the defendant. 
 
 7 " The rich man's son inherits lands, and piles of brick, and stone, 
 
 and gold." 
 
 8 The effect of this contraction in the two clauses is to nullify the 
 
 force of the whole act. 
 
 9 This charge is a lien upon the property. 
 
 10 The deponent was detected in contradicting himself. 
 
 11 This paper must be acknowledged before a notary public. 
 
 12 The plaintiff in this case is a well-known business man. 
 
 13 He felt that great injustice had been done him. 
 
 14 " Italy has expiated with centuries of slavery the crime of having 
 
 conquered the world." 
 
 15 All crimes are bailable except treason and murder. 
 
 16 " Advocates must deal plainly with their clients." 
 
 17 " Arbitrary governments may have territory and distant posses- 
 
 sions, because arbitrary governments may rule them by dif- 
 ferent laws and different systems." 
 
 18 " A defendant is one who is summoned into court, that he may 
 
 have opportunity to defend, deny, or oppose the demand or 
 charge, and maintain his own right." 
 
 19 The judge is sure to inflict the extreme penalty. 
 
 20 The mortgage had never been properly released. 
 
 21 Without precedent, and in the face of the flat of the court, they 
 
 went ahead. 
 
 22 A certificate of incorporation has been filed with the Secretary 
 
 of State. 
 
 23 " He is the most friendly and amenable creature in existence." 
 
 24 The appraisal of the property was considered just and proper. 
 
 25 " No ! Mammon makes the world his legatee through fear, not love." 
 
 93 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH LESSON Words used in Law 
 
 voucher 
 
 vouch'-er 
 
 A receipt or other written evidence 
 
 
 
 of the payment of money. 
 
 signature 
 
 slg'-na-tur 
 
 One's name written by his own hand. 
 
 tribunal 
 
 tri-bu'-nal 
 
 A court of justice. 
 
 codicil 
 
 k6d'-l-sll 
 
 Supplement to a will. 
 
 bequest 
 
 b-kwest' 
 
 A legacy. 
 
 guilty 
 
 gllt'-y 
 
 Having guilt; wicked. 
 
 plea 
 
 pie 
 
 Argument ; that which is alleged by 
 
 
 
 one in support of his cause. 
 
 trespass 
 
 tres'-pas 
 
 Unlawful or forbidden entrance or 
 
 
 
 passage. 
 
 valid 
 
 val'-Id 
 
 Having legal force. 
 
 heritage 
 
 hgr'-It-aj 
 
 That which is inherited ; inheritance. 
 
 authority 
 
 au-th6r'-I-ty 
 
 Warrant ; legal power ; rule. 
 
 jurisdiction 
 
 jur-Is-dlk'-shun 
 
 Legal power; the limit within which 
 
 
 
 power may be exerted. 
 
 equitably 
 
 ek'-wl-ta-bly 
 
 Justly ; impartially. 
 
 lawyer 
 
 la'-yer 
 
 A practitioner of law. 
 
 retribution 
 
 rt-rl-bu'-shun 
 
 Reward and punishment. 
 
 executor 
 
 eks-ek'-u-ter 
 
 One who performs. 
 
 vindicate 
 
 vln'-dl-kat 
 
 To justify; to defend successfully. 
 
 appeal 
 
 ap-per 
 
 To make application for the trial of 
 
 
 
 a cause in a higher court. 
 
 sue 
 
 su 
 
 To seek justice by legal process. 
 
 executive 
 
 eks-ek'-u-tlv 
 
 Concerned with putting the laws in 
 
 
 
 force. 
 
 legitimate 
 
 l-jlt'-l-mat 
 
 According to law, rule or precedent ; 
 
 
 
 lawful ; regular ; orderly. 
 
 perjury 
 
 per'-ju-ry 
 
 False swearing. 
 
 mortgagee 
 
 mor-ga-je' 
 
 A person to whom a mortgage is 
 
 
 
 given. 
 
 mortgagor 
 
 mor'-ga-jor 
 
 A person who conveys property as se- 
 curity for the payment of debt. 
 
 subpoena 
 
 sub-pe'-na 
 
 A writ commanding the attendance 
 
 
 
 in court of the person on whom it 
 
 
 
 is served, as a witness. 
 
 ,Words to be applied: agreement, allege, clemency, conveyance 
 
 94 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " He caused the accounts to be examined by the proper officer, 
 
 who, after comparing every article with its voucher, certified 
 them to be right." 
 
 2 The signature was declared to be a forgery. 
 
 3 " Fenwick eluded the justice of the ordinary tribunals." 
 
 4 A codicil to the will completely upset their plans. 
 
 5 " In a political sense, Christianity is the bequest the Roman em- 
 
 pire gave to the world." 
 
 6 " I know not which to pronounce the more guilty: the nation that 
 
 inflicts the wrong or that which quietly submits to it." 
 
 7 The plea set up in his behalf was puerile. 
 
 8 " To trespass upon another's rights is literally to step or pass 
 
 across the line of demarcation between his rights and ours." 
 
 9 It has been pronounced a valid contract by our counsel. 
 
 10 His writings have become the eternal heritage of mankind. 
 
 11 " The love of exercising power has been found to be so universal 
 
 that no class of men who have possessed authority have been 
 able to avoid abusing it." 
 
 12 " Charles I bound himself never again to subject his people to the 
 
 jurisdiction of courts-martial." 
 
 13 " A government whose laws have been equitably administered, and 
 
 which is free and just, has always developed the powers of the 
 human mind." 
 
 14 The term " lawyer " is general, and includes attorneys, solicitors, 
 
 counselors, advocates, etc. 
 
 15 " In al! great religions we find one God ; in all, personal morality, 
 
 with retribution" 
 
 16 " An executor derives his title from the will of his testator." , 
 
 17 "He deserves much more that vindicates his country from a 
 
 tyrant than he that serves a citizen." 
 
 18 We will take an appeal to the supreme court. 
 
 19 He had threatened to sue me if I did not comply with his wishes. 
 
 20 " He was not an impulsive man, but the executive man to march 
 
 the troops into the field and carry on the war." 
 
 21 " There are themes which are too entirely horrible for legitimate 
 
 fiction." 
 
 22 " Perjure is now almost wholly applied to the commission of the 
 
 crime of perjury" 
 
 23 The mortgagee in this case is very much dissatisfied. 
 
 24 The mortgagor has been notified of the foreclosure proceedings. 
 
 25 A subpoena will be duly issued and served. 
 
 95 
 
FORTY-NINTH L E S S O N-Words Used in Law 
 
 absolve 
 
 ab-s6lv' 
 
 To set free; to release from obliga- 
 
 
 
 tion, debt or expense. 
 
 accuse 
 
 ak-kuz' 
 
 To charge with or declare to have 
 
 
 
 committed a crime or offense. 
 
 administer 
 
 ad-mm'-Is-ter 
 
 To perform the office of administra- 
 
 
 
 tor; to act officially. 
 
 admiralty 
 
 ad'-mlr-al-ty 
 
 The court which has jurisdiction of 
 
 
 
 maritime questions and offenses. 
 
 amnesty 
 
 am'-n6s-ty 
 
 An act of the sovereign power grant- 
 
 
 
 ing a general pardon for a past 
 
 
 
 offense. 
 
 rebuttal 
 
 re-but'-tal 
 
 The giving of evidence on the part 
 
 
 
 of the plaintiff to destroy the ef- 
 
 
 
 fect of evidence introduced by the 
 
 
 
 defendant in the same suit. 
 
 archives 
 
 ar'-kivz 
 
 Public records or documents pre- 
 
 
 
 served as evidence of facts. 
 
 assessor 
 
 as-ses'-ser 
 
 One appointed to assess persons or 
 
 
 
 property for the purpose of taxa- 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 attestation 
 
 at-tes-ta'-shun 
 
 A solemn or official declaration in 
 
 
 
 support of a fact; evidence. 
 
 bailiff 
 
 bal'-If 
 
 A sheriff's officer, or constable. 
 
 catechise 
 
 kat'-e-kiz 
 
 To question or interrogate, some- 
 
 
 
 times with a view of reproof. 
 
 clemency 
 
 klem'-en-sy 
 
 Disposition to forgive and spare. 
 
 conviction 
 
 kon-vlk'-shun 
 
 The act or process of finding guilty, 
 
 
 
 or the state of being found guilty. 
 
 corroborate 
 
 kor-rob'-6-rat 
 
 To make more certain; to confirm; 
 
 
 
 to establish. 
 
 criminal 
 
 krlm'-I-nal 
 
 One who has committed a crime. 
 
 docket 
 
 dok'-et 
 
 A book of original entries kept by 
 
 
 
 clerks of courts. 
 
 equity 
 
 ek'-wl-ty 
 
 An equitable claim; impartiality. 
 
 indictment 
 
 In-dit'-ment 
 
 The formal statement of an offense 
 
 
 
 found by the grand jury. 
 
 injunction 
 
 In-junk'-shun 
 
 A writ or process granted by a court 
 
 
 
 of equity whereby a party is re- 
 
 
 
 quired to do or refrain from doing 
 
 
 
 certain acts. 
 
 inquest 
 
 In'-kwSst 
 
 Official examination. 
 
 judicial 
 
 ju-dlsh'-al 
 
 Pertaining or appropriate to courts 
 
 
 
 of justice or to a judge. 
 
 legacy 
 
 I6g'-a-sy 
 
 A gift of property by will. 
 
 Words to be applied: magistrate, elected, equitable, precinct 
 
 96 
 
legal 
 magistrate 
 
 pleading 
 
 le'-gal 
 ma'-gls-trat 
 
 pled'-mg 
 
 Lawful ; constitutional. 
 
 A person clothed with power as a 
 
 public civil officer. 
 The act of advocating or supporting 
 
 a cause by arguments. 
 
 THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 We speak of a man as absolved from something that binds his 
 
 conscience. 
 
 2 In law accuse means to charge with an offense judicially, or by 
 
 a public process. 
 
 3 Mr. James administered the estate of the deceased. 
 
 4 In America, admiralty jurisdiction is vested in the district 
 
 courts of the United States. 
 
 5 This genial gentleman, who was the acknowledged leader of the 
 
 insurrection, was afterward granted amnesty by the king. 
 
 6 He was allowe^ five minutes for rebuttal. 
 
 7 " He spent his da^s exploring the ancient archives of his family." 
 
 8 The assessor was declared to be too slack in his duties. 
 
 9 The truth appears from the attestation of witnesses. The sub- 
 
 scription of a name to a writing as a witness is also an 
 attestation. 
 
 10 The precinct within which a bailiff has jurisdiction is called a 
 
 bailiwick. 
 
 11 The counsel in catechising the witness tried to lead him into 
 
 self-condemnation. 
 
 12 They had applied for the royal clemency. 
 
 13 " Conviction may accrue in two ways." 
 
 14 " The concurrence of all corroborates the same truth." 
 
 15 Criminal applies especially to one who is found guilty by a ver- 
 
 dict, confession, or proof. 
 
 16 In the United States, docket means a list or calendar of causes 
 
 ready for hearing or trial. 
 
 17 " Christianity secures both tha private interests of men and the 
 
 public peace, enforcing all justice and equity." 
 
 18 The validity of an indictment a finding by the grand jury is 
 
 essential. 
 
 19 "An injunction is more generally used as a preventive than as a 
 
 restorative process." 
 
 20 " A coroner's inquest is held to determine the cause of any violent, 
 
 sudden, or mysterious death." 
 
 21 " It was not a moral, but a judicial law, and so was abrogated." 
 
 22 Legacy is also used in a figurative sense ; as, " a legacy of dis- 
 
 honor." 
 
 23 The legal assets of the concern had already been seized. 
 
 24 " Of magistrates some also are supreme, in whom the sovereign 
 
 power of the state resides; others are subordinate." 
 
 25 The pleading of the case was listened to with rapt attention by 
 all present. 
 
 97 
 
FIFTIETH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 absolve 
 
 acceptable 
 
 treason 
 
 luxurious 
 
 administer 
 
 inaccuracy 
 
 fiercely 
 
 indorsement 
 
 annuity 
 
 combustible 
 
 assuming 
 
 respectable 
 
 bailiff 
 
 oblique 
 
 degenerate 
 
 rehearsal 
 
 catechise 
 
 trespass 
 
 misconstrue 
 
 extinguish 
 
 corroborate 
 
 dictate 
 
 methodical 
 
 experience 
 
 indictment 
 
 ornamental 
 
 composition 
 
 humorist 
 
 judicial 
 
 individuals 
 
 brochure 
 
 imperative 
 
 legacy 
 
 careless 
 
 confidence 
 
 syndicate 
 
 rebuttal 
 
 hereafter 
 
 numerical 
 
 dictionary 
 
 affidavit 
 
 railroads 
 
 dissipate 
 
 useful 
 
 verdict 
 
 unsurpassed 
 
 ventilate 
 
 dissatisfaction 
 
 alimony 
 
 various 
 
 reliance 
 
 extraordinary 
 
 attorney 
 
 distributed 
 
 roughen 
 
 melancholy 
 
 executrix 
 
 especially 
 
 liniment 
 
 intrinsic 
 
 expiate 
 
 basis 
 
 solvable 
 
 cartage 
 
 amenable 
 
 permitted 
 
 recipient 
 
 vicinity 
 
 judgment 
 
 theoretical 
 
 diphtheria 
 
 luncheon 
 
 mortgagee 
 
 forethought 
 
 lessee 
 
 superb 
 
 subpoena 
 
 enormous 
 
 medicine 
 
 chargeable 
 
 equitably 
 
 editorial 
 
 confidant 
 
 nervous 
 
 codicil 
 
 cassimere 
 
 arbitrary 
 
 substantiate 
 
 vindicate 
 
 treatise 
 
 scissors 
 
 pharmacy 
 
 heritage 
 
 copyists 
 
 cashier 
 
 scenery 
 
 authority 
 
 succession 
 
 magician 
 
 gorgeous 
 
 98 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 SHOW US 
 
 BY HERBERT KAUFMAN 
 
 XTOU say that you deserve success; 
 
 * Pitch in, and start to show us. 
 We think that you deserve far less, 
 
 And ought to be below us. 
 It's up to you and what you do; 
 
 Mere empty words won't change our view. 
 
 Come, prove our viewpoint isn't true! 
 
 Results are all that we will count; 
 If you can climb, begin and mount! 
 
 Present your case we're on the jury; 
 But all of us are from Missouri. 
 
FIFTY-FIRST LESSON-Words used in Business 
 
 abstract 
 
 ab'-strakt [shun 
 
 A summary or an epitome. 
 
 accommodation 
 
 ak-k6m'-m6-da'- 
 
 A loan of money. 
 
 account 
 
 ak-kount' 
 
 A recital of transactions. 
 
 acknowledgment 
 
 ak-nOl'-Sj-mgnt 
 
 Legal declaration or avowal of 
 
 
 
 one's own act. 
 
 acquittance 
 
 ak-kwlt'-tans 
 
 A release or discharge from 
 
 
 
 debt or other liability. 
 
 ad valorem 
 
 ad va-lo'-rSm 
 
 A duty upon goods according 
 
 
 
 to their value. 
 
 advances 
 
 ad-van'-sez 
 
 Money or value supplied be- 
 
 
 
 forehand. 
 
 appraisement 
 arbitration 
 
 ap-praz'-ment 
 ar-bl-tra'-shun 
 
 The act of setting the value. 
 The act of arbitrating. 
 
 assess 
 
 as-seV 
 
 To make a valuation for the 
 
 
 
 purpose of taxation. 
 
 assets 
 
 as'-sets 
 
 The entire property of all 
 
 
 
 sorts belonging to a person, 
 
 
 
 a corporation, or an estate. 
 
 assignment 
 
 as-sln'-mnt 
 
 Transfer of the property of a 
 
 
 
 bankrupt to certain persons 
 
 
 
 for the benefit of creditors. 
 
 attachment 
 
 at-tach'-ment 
 
 A seizure by legal process. 
 
 barter 
 
 bar'-ter 
 
 The act of exchanging; to 
 
 
 
 exchange. 
 
 bear 
 
 bar 
 
 A person who sells stocks or 
 
 
 
 securities for future delivery. 
 
 bonus 
 
 bo'-nus 
 
 Money paid in addition to a 
 
 
 
 stated compensation. 
 
 broker 
 
 bro'-ker 
 
 An agent employed to effect bar- 
 
 
 
 gains between other parties. 
 
 bullion 
 bushel 
 
 bul'-yun 
 tfush'-el 
 
 Uncoined gold or silver. 
 A measure containing thirty- 
 
 
 
 two quarts. 
 
 check 
 
 chek 
 
 A written order upon a bank to 
 
 
 
 pay money as therein stated. 
 
 clearance 
 
 kler'-ans 
 
 The act of clearing; permis- 
 
 
 
 sion to sail. 
 
 clearings 
 
 kler'-Ingz 
 
 The gross amount of the bal- 
 
 
 
 ances adjusted in the clear- 
 
 
 
 ing-house. 
 
 clientele 
 
 kli'-en-teT 
 
 One's clients, collectively. 
 
 conservator 
 
 k6n'-ser-va'-ter 
 
 An official preserver. 
 
 consign 
 
 k6n-sin' 
 
 To send or address to an 
 
 
 
 agent or correspondent in 
 
 
 
 another place. 
 
 "Words to be applied : acceptance, capitalist, accrue, assignee 
 
 100 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " An abstract of title is an epitome of the evidences of ownership." 
 
 2 "An accommodation bill is drawn, accepted, or indorsed by one 
 
 to enable another to obtain credit." 
 
 3 An account current is a running or continued account between 
 
 two or more parties. 
 
 4 We are aware that the acknowledgment of the deed is taken. 
 
 5 " You can procure acquittances for such a sum from special 
 
 officers." 
 
 6 The goods were subjected to an ad valorem duty. 
 
 7 " The account was made up with intent to show what advances 
 
 had been made." 
 
 8 The litigants consented to the appraisement of the committee. 
 
 9 The coal strike was finally submitted to arbitration. 
 
 10 " This sum is assessed and raised upon individuals by commis- 
 
 sioners appointed in the act." 
 
 11 In balancing accounts the assets are put on the credit side. 
 
 12 " General assignment means, more fully, an assignment for the 
 
 benefit of creditors." 
 
 13 He succeeded in obtaining an injunction restraining the attach- 
 
 ment of the property. 
 
 14 " When article is exchanged for article without the use of money 
 
 or credit, it is simple barter." 
 
 15 " The bears and bulls of the stock exchange are said to be so 
 
 called in allusion to the bear's habit of pulling downward and 
 the bull's of tossing up." 
 
 16 " The banks which now hold the deposits pay nothing to the pub- 
 
 lic; they give no bonus, they pay no annuity." 
 
 17 The commission payable as the broker's compensation for his 
 
 services is styled "brokerage." 
 
 18 " We hold a demand check upon every bank in Europe for the coin 
 
 or bullion on which we maintain the specie standard of value." 
 
 19 "A half-barrel, holding about a bushel and a half of oysters, is 
 
 called a bushel barrel." 
 
 20 " The use of money is immensely economized by the check and 
 
 credit system." 
 
 21 A clearance is a certificate from the proper authorities that a 
 
 vessel has complied with the law and has leave to sail. 
 
 22 The bank clearings in New York are very large. 
 
 23 The clientele of the theater was famous for its culture. 
 
 24 It is a function of trust companies to act as conservators of 
 
 estates. 
 
 25 The goods were consigned to our London agent. 
 
 101 
 
FIFTY-SECOND LESSON Words used in Business 
 
 consols 
 
 k6n'-s6lz 
 
 Leading British government se- 
 
 
 
 curities. 
 
 corner 
 
 kor'-ner 
 
 To get control of a stock or com- 
 
 
 
 modity. 
 
 corporation 
 
 kor-p6-ra'-shun 
 
 A firm or association authorized by 
 
 
 
 law with the capacity of trans- 
 
 
 
 acting business as an individual. 
 
 creditors 
 
 kred'-It-erz 
 
 Those who have given credit. 
 
 customs 
 
 kus'-tums 
 
 Duties upon imported or exported 
 
 
 
 commodities. 
 
 deliveries 
 
 de-llv'-er-lz 
 
 Delivery of property in fulfillment 
 
 
 
 of contracts. 
 
 demurrage 
 
 de-mur'-raj 
 
 The allowance for the delay be- 
 
 
 
 yond the time permitted for un- 
 
 
 
 loading a boat or a freight car. 
 
 dishonor 
 
 dls-6n'-er 
 
 The non-payment or non-accept- 
 
 
 
 ance of commercial paper. 
 
 dividends 
 
 dlv'-I-dendz 
 
 Returns on investments. 
 
 draff 
 
 draft 
 
 An order from one bank or indi- 
 
 
 
 vidual upon another for the pay- 
 
 
 
 ment of money. 
 
 drawback 
 
 dra'-bak 
 
 Rebates allowed from regular rates 
 
 
 
 charged for transportation. 
 
 duty 
 
 du'-ty 
 
 A tax on the importation or ex- 
 
 
 
 portation of goods. 
 
 embargo 
 
 em-bar'-go 
 
 Prohibition imposed by law upon 
 
 
 
 commerce. 
 
 entering 
 
 Sn'-ter-mg 
 
 Lodgment of a manifest of goods 
 
 
 
 at custom house. 
 
 excise 
 
 e"ks-siz' 
 
 An inland tax on goods. 
 
 failure 
 
 fal'-ur 
 
 Inability to meet one's financial 
 
 
 
 engagements. 
 
 futures 
 
 fu'-turs 
 
 Things bought and sold for deliv- 
 
 
 
 ery at a future time. 
 
 incorporated 
 
 m-kor'-po-rat'-ed 
 
 Formed into a legal body. 
 
 hypothecate 
 
 hi-p6th'-e-kat 
 
 To pledge anything for money bor- 
 
 
 
 rowed. 
 
 indorse 
 
 In-d6rs' 
 
 To write one's name on negotiable 
 
 
 
 paper; to sanction. 
 
 insolvent 
 
 In-s6l'-vent 
 
 Not having sufficient estate to pay 
 
 
 
 debts. 
 
 installment 
 
 In-st.al'-ment 
 
 A part of a sum of money to be 
 
 
 
 paid at a particular time. 
 
 Words to be applied : company, co-operate, depreciate, manifest 
 
 102 
 
limited 
 
 liquidation 
 long 
 
 HmMt-ed 
 
 llk'-wl-da'-shun 
 long 
 
 After " company " signifies the 
 members are individually liable 
 for the company's debts only to 
 a specified amount. 
 
 The selling out of property previ- 
 ously bought or contracted for. 
 
 One who has property bought in 
 anticipation of a rise in price. 
 
 THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 During the Boer war, British consols fell considerably. 
 
 2 The attempt to corner the wheat market has invariably resulted 
 
 in disaster to those who attempt it. 
 
 3 New Jersey is said to be the home of corporations. 
 
 4 The creditors of the concern duly proved their claims. 
 
 5 He was appointed collector of customs of the port. 
 
 6 Some doubted his ability to effect the deliveries according to 
 
 contract. 
 
 7 The demurrage on the consignment was considerable. 
 
 8 " In consequence of this dishonor of his draft he had found him- 
 
 self, for more than a month, destitute of funds." 
 
 9 Assessments on stock are sometimes spoken of as Irish dividends. 
 
 10 He was unable to pay and his draft went to protest. 
 
 11 The drawback on the shipment amounted to $27.00. 
 
 12 Some travelers take delight in trying to avoid duty on goods. 
 
 13 An embargo may be placed on goods as well as commerce. 
 
 14 No attempt was made at entering the goods at the custom house. 
 
 15 The taxes were classed respectively as excise customs, or tolls, 
 
 and transit duties. 
 
 16 The failure of the bank so affected the stock market that many 
 
 of the firms became seriously involved. 
 
 17 " Senator Washburn introduced a bill defining ' options ' and 
 
 'futures,' and imposing special taxes on dealers therein." 
 19 " He had no power to hypothecate any part of the public revenue." 
 
 19 The company is incorporated, but its charter is unrecorded. 
 
 20 He indorsed the check and turned it over to his creditors. 
 
 21 The company being insolvent, filed a schedule in bankruptcy. 
 
 22 The second installment becomes due on the 15th. 
 
 23 A limited partnership consists of a general and a special partner. 
 
 24 Signing in liquidation is the act of signing for the firm, by that 
 
 member of it who is charged with the business of settlement, 
 or liquidation. 
 
 25 Long, in the commercial world, signifies having bought property 
 
 in anticipation of a rise in price. 
 
 103 
 
FIFTY-THIRD LESSON Words used in Business 
 
 margin 
 
 mar'-gln 
 
 Money or collaterals deposited with a 
 
 
 
 broker to protect contracts. 
 
 net 
 
 nSt 
 
 Clear of all charges and deductions. 
 
 nominal 
 
 nom'-I-nal 
 
 Existing in name only. 
 
 note 
 
 not 
 
 A written acknowledgment of a debt, 
 
 
 
 or promise to pay at a specified time. 
 
 option 
 
 op'-shun 
 
 The power of choosing ; choice ; a stip- 
 
 
 
 ulated privilege. 
 
 overissue 
 
 o'-ver-Ish'-u 
 
 An issuing, as of notes, beyond or in 
 
 
 
 excess of the capital stock. 
 
 oversold 
 
 o'-ver-sold' 
 
 The reverse of "overbought." 
 
 Pig 
 
 Pig 
 
 A mass of iron or other metal as first 
 
 
 
 extracted from the ore. 
 
 point 
 
 point 
 
 On stock exchanges, a " point " is un- 
 
 
 
 derstood to mean one dollar a share. 
 
 privileges 
 
 prlv'-l-l6j-6z 
 
 A contract giving the holder the privi- 
 
 
 
 lege of tendering to or calling for a 
 
 
 
 certain number of shares of a certain 
 
 
 
 stock, or a specified quantity. 
 
 promoter 
 
 pro-mot'-er 
 
 An organizer of companies and enter- 
 
 
 
 prises. 
 
 prorate 
 
 pro-rat' 
 
 To divide, distribute or assess propor- 
 
 
 
 tionately. 
 
 replevin 
 
 re-plev'-In 
 
 The action taken to recover possession 
 
 
 
 of goods or chattels wrongfully held. 
 
 reprisal 
 
 re-priz'-al 
 
 Property taken by a nation to satisfy 
 
 
 
 an injury done by an enemy. 
 
 scalper 
 
 skalp'-er 
 
 One who trades in options continually; 
 
 
 
 also applied to railroad ticket brokers. 
 
 short 
 
 sh6rt 
 
 Not having goods or property that one 
 
 
 
 has sold. 
 
 sovereign 
 
 s6v'-er-In 
 
 A British gold coin, the same in value 
 
 
 
 as a pound sterling, or $4.866. 
 
 syndicate 
 
 syn'-dl-kat' 
 
 A combination of persons for business 
 
 
 
 purposes. 
 
 tierce 
 
 ters 
 
 In speculative dealings a tierce of lard 
 
 
 
 is figured at 340 pounds. 
 
 tonnage 
 
 tun'-naj 
 
 The amount or quantity of freight 
 
 
 
 handled by rail or marine. 
 
 trover 
 
 tro'-ver 
 
 An action to recover for the value of 
 
 
 
 goods wrongfully converted. 
 
 trust 
 
 trust 
 
 A combination of business interests 
 
 
 
 having for its object monopoly in 
 
 
 
 special lines. 
 
 Words to be applied: indorsee, discrepancy, traffic, premium 
 
 104 
 
trustee 
 underwriter 
 
 voucher 
 
 trust-e 
 un'-der-rlt-er 
 
 vouch'-er 
 
 One who is intrusted with property for 
 the benefit of another. 
 
 One who subscribes for stock in a com- 
 pany in the expectation of placing or 
 reselling; also one who insures. 
 
 A paper which serves to vouch for the 
 correctness of accounts. 
 
 THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 He refused to put up further margins to protect the contracts. 
 
 2 These are the net prices on these goods. 
 
 3 For this we will make only a nominal charge. 
 
 4 In Connecticut a note must be dated on a week day to make it 
 
 legally binding. 
 
 5 His option on the property expires on the 15th. 
 
 6 " This is not the first time this company has been guilty of an 
 
 overissue" 
 
 7 In going over the contracts of the firm, it was found that it had 
 
 considerably oversold. 
 
 8 A pig of lead weighs 301 pounds. , 
 
 9 On the stock exchange the unit of variation in price per share is 
 
 a point. Look up the definition of both privilege and option 
 in an unabridged dictionary. 
 
 10 The promoter found himself in financial difficulties so complex 
 
 that he was doomed to irretrievable failure. 
 
 11 The corporation will prorate dividends on the first of next month. 
 
 12 A writ of replevin was duly issued. 
 
 13 " A reprisal is the use of force by one nation against property of 
 
 another to obtain redress without thereby commencing war." 
 
 14 He saved $5.38 by buying his ticket of a scalper. 
 
 15 " I am still short of Northern Pacific." 
 
 16 The British sovereign contains 123.274 grains of gold, 11/12 fine. 
 
 17 A syndicate was formed to extend the electric lines to all of the 
 
 suburban cities. 
 
 18 Tierce is also applied to a cask containing 42 wine gallons. " In 
 
 1886, the freighting through the great African canal amounted 
 to a gross tonnage of 8,133,313 tons." 
 
 19 Trover was originally an action of trespass. 
 
 20 The trust question is a serious one in the United States. 
 
 21 One of the functions of a trust company is to act as trustee. 
 
 22 Individuals, as well as companies, underwrite policies of in- 
 
 surance. 
 
 23 Please attach your explanation to the voucher, and return 
 
 promptly. 
 
 105 
 
FIFTY-FOURTH LESSON-Words Used in Business 
 
 acceptance 
 
 ak-sept'-ans 
 
 An assent by the person on whom 
 
 
 
 a bill of exchange is drawn to 
 
 
 
 pay it when due. 
 
 accrue 
 
 ak-kru' 
 
 To come by way of increase. 
 
 actuary 
 
 ak'-tu-a-ry 
 
 The computing official of an in- 
 
 
 
 surance company. 
 
 adjustment 
 
 ad-just'-mSnt 
 
 The act of adjusting. 
 
 administrator 
 
 ad-mln-Is-tra'-ter 
 
 One to whom the right of admin- 
 
 
 
 istration has been committed. 
 
 allotment 
 
 al-l6t'-ment 
 
 That which is allotted; a share. 
 
 annuity 
 arbitrage 
 
 an-nu'-I-ty 
 ar'-bl-traj 
 
 An annual allowance. 
 A traffic in bills of exchange. 
 
 assignee 
 
 as-sl-ne' 
 
 A person to whom an assignment 
 
 
 
 is made. 
 
 auditor 
 
 a'-dlt-er 
 
 An examiner of accounts. 
 
 balance 
 
 bal'-ans 
 
 An equality between the sums 
 
 
 
 total of the two sides of an ac- 
 
 
 
 count ; also the excess on either 
 
 
 
 side. 
 
 bankruptcy 
 
 bank'-riipt-cy 
 
 State of being bankrupt. 
 
 bargain 
 
 bar'-gen 
 
 An agreement concerning the sale 
 
 
 * 
 
 of property. 
 
 borrower 
 
 bfir'-ro-er 
 
 One who borrows. 
 
 brokerage 
 
 brok'-er-aj 
 
 The commission charged by a 
 
 
 
 broker. 
 
 cablegram 
 
 ka'-bT-gram 
 
 A message sent by submarine 
 
 
 
 telegraph. 
 
 cancel 
 
 kan'-sel 
 
 To annul or destroy. 
 
 capitalist 
 
 kap'-It-al-Ist 
 
 A person of large wealth engaged 
 
 
 
 in the business of investing 
 
 
 
 money. 
 
 cargo 
 
 kar'-go 
 
 Goods, merchandise, or whatever 
 
 
 
 is conveyed in a vessel or boat. 
 
 certify 
 
 ser'-tl-fl 
 
 To testify in writing; to verify. 
 
 charter 
 
 char'-ter 
 
 The hiring of a vessel, car or train 
 
 
 
 by special contract ; a grant. 
 
 coinage 
 
 koin'-aj 
 
 The act or process of converting 
 
 
 
 metal into money. 
 
 collateral 
 
 kol-lat'-er-al 
 
 Additional security. 
 
 collectible 
 
 kol-lekt'-I-b'l 
 
 Capable of being collected. 
 
 combination 
 
 k6m-bl-na'-shun 
 
 The act or process of combining 
 
 
 
 or uniting persons or things; 
 
 
 
 the result of combining. 
 
 Words to be applied: assignor, administratrix, stocks, bonds 
 
 106 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The bill of exchange itself, when accepted, is also called an 
 
 acceptance. 
 
 2 "He spoke of the great and essential advantages accruing to 
 
 society from the freedom of the press." 
 
 3 The official whose profession it is to calculate for insurance 
 
 companies the risks and premiums for life, fire and other 
 insurances, is called an actuary. 
 
 4 " Success depends on the nicest and minutest adjustment of the 
 
 parts concerned." 
 
 5 " The administrator of the estate was considered very fair in all 
 
 his dealings." 
 
 6 The allotment of lands in the West by the government is decided 
 
 upon by drawings. 
 
 7 An annuity is usually a sum of money payable yearly, to con- 
 
 tinue for a given number of years. 
 
 8 Traffic in stocks, which have different values at the same time in 
 
 different markets, is also called arbitrage. 
 
 9 An assignee may also become an executor. 
 
 10 In the United States Government there are auditors of the treas- 
 
 ury and of the public accounts. 
 
 11 His balance at the bank was not so large as he had expected. 
 
 12 He was, in fact, in a condition of bankruptcy. 
 
 13 A contract is a bargain that is legally binding. 
 
 14 " Neither a borrower nor a lender be." 
 
 15 A broker is an agent employed to effect bargains and contracts 
 
 between other persons for a compensation called brokerage. 
 
 16 The expense of sending cablegrams is often very great. 
 
 17 He was unwilling to cancel the policy. 
 
 18 The capitalists of America are the wealthiest in the world. 
 
 19 In law, the term cargo does not usually include live stock. 
 
 20 When a bank certifies a check it guarantees the payment of it. 
 
 21 The steamship was chartered at a great saving. 
 
 22 The question of free coinage of silver was one that stirred the 
 
 country from end to end. 
 
 23 Collateral security is security for the performance of agreements 
 
 or payment of money besides the principal security. 
 
 24 The bills were said to be uncollectible. 
 
 25 Combinations in restraint of trade are theoretically unlawful. 
 
 107 
 
FIFTY-FIFTH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 replevin 
 
 likelihood 
 
 demurrer 
 
 speculation 
 
 scalper 
 
 surgery 
 
 although 
 
 underwriter 
 
 sovereign 
 
 terrible 
 
 export 
 
 beneficiary 
 
 squeezed 
 
 business 
 
 debatable 
 
 commutation 
 
 syndicate 
 
 science 
 
 settlement 
 
 manipulate 
 
 articles 
 
 arraign 
 
 always 
 
 architectural 
 
 accrued 
 
 tenacity 
 
 allowable 
 
 inaugurate 
 
 clearings 
 
 antiseptic 
 
 yield 
 
 fermenting 
 
 collateral 
 
 monastery 
 
 repudiate 
 
 augmented 
 
 chattel 
 
 classical 
 
 vision 
 
 superlative 
 
 debenture 
 
 menace 
 
 dilatory 
 
 advisability 
 
 dutiable 
 
 parcel 
 
 interrupt 
 
 alternative 
 
 current 
 
 diversion 
 
 russet 
 
 importance 
 
 exemplary 
 
 marriage 
 
 carpenter 
 
 unprofitable 
 
 mercantile 
 
 weapon 
 
 bottler 
 
 gratuitous 
 
 preferred 
 
 relinquish 
 
 bankrupt 
 
 proficiency 
 
 realizing 
 
 junction 
 
 architect 
 
 sustenance 
 
 visible 
 
 enhance 
 
 obeisance 
 
 symmetrical 
 
 recourse 
 
 chromo 
 
 voluntary 
 
 impoverish 
 
 internal 
 
 exposure 
 
 radius 
 
 mysterious 
 
 weight 
 
 interpret 
 
 margin 
 
 scandalous 
 
 alleviate 
 
 fabric 
 
 criticise 
 
 complicate 
 
 economy 
 
 clerical 
 
 elixir 
 
 variegated 
 
 bicycle 
 sentinel 
 
 rascal 
 biscuit 
 
 neutral 
 adequate 
 
 accommoda- 
 [tion 
 addressing 
 
 108 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 
 " T TALF the giant's strength is in the conviction 
 * that he is a giant. The strength of a muscle 
 is enhanced a hundred fold by the will power. The 
 same muscle, when removed from the giant's arm, 
 when divorced from the force of the mighty will, 
 can sustain but a fraction of the weight it did a 
 moment before it was disconnected." 
 
 109 
 
FIFTY-SIXTH LESSON Words Used in Business 
 
 commerce 
 
 commission 
 
 commodity 
 
 compensate 
 competition 
 
 consignee 
 consignment 
 
 convertible 
 
 co-operate 
 
 coup 
 
 coupon 
 credentials 
 
 debenture 
 defalcation 
 
 delinquent 
 depository 
 
 depreciate 
 deteriorate 
 
 director 
 
 disburse 
 discrepancy 
 
 discount 
 
 document 
 duebill 
 
 k6m'-mers 
 
 k6m-mlsh'-un 
 
 k6m-m6d'-I-ty 
 
 kom '-pen-sat 
 k6m-pe- tlsh '-un 
 
 kon-sl-ne' 
 k6n-sm'-ment 
 
 k6n-vert'-I-b'l 
 
 ko-6p'-er-at 
 
 koo 
 
 koo'-p6n 
 kre"-d6n'-shals 
 
 de-ben'-tur 
 de-fal-ka'-shun 
 
 de-lm'-kwent 
 de-p6s'-It-6-ry 
 
 de-pre'-shl-at 
 de-te'-rl-o-rat 
 
 dl-r6kt'-er 
 
 dls-burs' 
 dls-krSp'-an-sy 
 
 dls'-kount 
 
 d6k'-u-ment 
 du'-bll 
 
 Extended trade or traffic. 
 
 The allowance made to an agent. 
 
 Everything movable that is 
 bought and sold. 
 
 To recompense; reward. 
 
 Common strife for the same ob- 
 ject ; emulation ; rivalry. 
 
 The person to whom goods are 
 consigned. 
 
 Goods sent to a consignee at one 
 time. 
 
 Capable of being exchanged. 
 
 To concur in action or effect. 
 
 A sudden stroke ;' an unexpected 
 stratagem. 
 
 An interest warrant attached to 
 the bottom of transferable bonds. 
 
 Testimonials showing that the 
 holder is entitled to credit or 
 has the right to exercise offi- 
 cial power. 
 
 A writing acknowledging a debt. 
 
 A fraudulent deficiency in money 
 matters. 
 
 Failing in duty or obligation. 
 
 A place where anything is lodged 
 for safe keeping. 
 
 To become of less worth. 
 
 To impair; to make worse; to 
 grow worse. 
 
 One of a body of persons selected 
 to manage the affairs of a cor- 
 poration or company. 
 
 To expend; to pay out. 
 
 State or quality of being in dis- 
 agreement; at variance. 
 
 A deduction made for interest; 
 the rate of interest charged in 
 discounting a bill or note. 
 
 A paper containing an authori- 
 tative record or statement. 
 
 A brief written acknowledgment 
 of a debt. 
 
 110 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " The public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and 
 
 extensive commerce of private men." 
 
 2 A commission of 10% was allowed him on all sales. 
 
 3 " His dealings were restricted wholly to commodities of com- 
 
 merce." 
 
 4 " Nothing can compensate for the loss of reputation." 
 
 5 " Where competition does not act at all, there is complete mo- 
 
 nopoly." 
 
 6 " Consignor and consignee are used by merchants to express gen- 
 
 erally the shipper of merchandise and the person to whom it 
 is addressed, by bill of lading or otherwise." 
 
 7 " Goods sent to an agent or correspondent in another place to be 
 
 sold for such correspondent, are said to be shipped on con- 
 signment" 
 
 8 " The securities were not convertible into cash." 
 
 9 " Great things may be accomplished by co-operation. 11 
 
 10 " Coup is a term used in various ways to convey the idea of 
 
 promptness and force." 
 
 11 Coupon is also applied to a section of a ticket showing the 
 
 holder to be entitled to some privilege. 
 
 12 " Had they not shown undoubted credentials, they would not have 
 
 been admitted." 
 
 13 Debenture is a term usually used of obligations of corporations 
 
 or large moneyed copartnerships, issued in a form convenient 
 to be sold as investments. 
 
 14 " He was charged with lar^e defalcations. 11 
 
 15 " We speak of a delinquent subscriber ; a delinquent tenant." 
 
 16 This bank is a IT. S. depository. (See also, the word "deposi- 
 
 tary.") 
 
 17 " A paper currency will depreciate in value unless it is convertible 
 
 into specie." 
 
 18 " Under such conditions, the mind rapidly deteriorates. 11 
 
 19 " The directors of the bank were in favor of a different policy." 
 
 20 Disburse is usually applied to payments from a public fund. 
 
 21 " There is no real discrepancy between these two books." 
 
 22 Discount is also an allowance made for prompt payment of 
 
 bills. 
 
 23 A bill of exchange accompanied by a document as collateral 
 
 security, such as a bill of lading or a policy of insurance, is 
 called a document bill. 
 
 24 He sustained a great loss through his habit of lending money 
 
 on dueMlls. 
 
 Ill 
 
FIFTY-SEVENTH LESSON- Words Used in Business 
 
 duplicate 
 
 du'-pll-k&t 
 
 A copy ; a transcript. 
 
 dutiable 
 
 du'-tl-a-b'l 
 
 Subject to the payment of a duty. 
 
 embarrass 
 
 em-bar'-ras 
 
 To encumber with debt; to beset 
 
 
 
 with urgent demands or claims. 
 
 enterprise 
 
 6n'-ter-priz 
 
 A work projected which involves 
 
 
 
 energy, courage, activity. 
 
 equitable 
 
 6k'-wl-ta-b'l 
 
 Fair; unbiased; just; reasonable. 
 
 establish 
 
 es-tab'-llsh 
 
 To prove and cause to be accom- 
 
 
 
 plished as true; to set up in 
 
 
 
 business. 
 
 estimate 
 
 es'-tl-mat 
 
 To fix roughly the worth of. 
 
 exchange 
 
 eks-chanj' 
 
 The method of settling accounts 
 
 
 
 between parties residing at a 
 
 
 
 distance from each other, with- 
 
 
 
 out the actual transfer of money. 
 
 exceptional 
 
 Sk-sep'-shun-al 
 
 Uncommon ; unusual ; peculiar. 
 
 expedite 
 
 eks'-pe-dit 
 
 To accelerate the motion of. 
 
 exports 
 
 eks'-ports 
 
 Commodities sent out of a country. 
 
 extortionate 
 
 eks-tor'-shun-at 
 
 Oppressive; excessive. 
 
 fiduciary 
 
 fl-du'-shl-a-ry 
 
 Having the nature of a trust, espe- 
 
 
 
 cially a financial trust. 
 
 financier 
 
 fm-an-ser' 
 
 One skilled in financial operations. 
 
 fluctuate 
 
 fluk'-tu-at 
 
 To be wavering or unsteady ; rise 
 
 
 
 and fall. 
 
 foreclosure 
 
 for-clo'-shur 
 
 A proceeding which bars or ex- 
 
 
 
 tinguishes a mortgagor's right of 
 
 
 
 redeeming a mortgaged estate. 
 
 forfeit 
 
 for'-flt 
 
 To relinquish. 
 
 franchise 
 
 fran'-chlz (or 
 
 A particular privilege conferred by 
 
 
 -chiz) 
 
 a government or a sovereign; a 
 
 
 
 right to vote. 
 
 fraudulent 
 
 frad'-u-lent 
 
 Deceitful ; dishonest ; unfair. 
 
 gross 
 
 gros 
 
 Coarse ; total ; opposed to fine. 
 
 guarantee 
 
 gar-an-te' 
 
 A warrant ; a security. 
 
 Illegal 
 imports 
 
 Il-le'-gal 
 Im'-ports 
 
 Unlawful. 
 Merchandise brought into a coun- 
 
 
 
 try from abroad. 
 
 indemnity 
 
 In-dem'-nl-ty 
 
 Security ; insurance. 
 
 indenture 
 
 In-dSn'-tur 
 
 A mutual written agreement in 
 
 
 
 duplicate. 
 
 Words to be applied : suspension, domestic, specie, arrears 
 
 112 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 Nearly all business letters are written in duplicate. 
 
 2 Under the new tariff law, this merchandise is not dutiable. 
 
 3 A man of business is embarrassed when he cannot meet his 
 
 financial engagements. 
 
 4 Enterprise is an essential quality to success in business. 
 
 5 " No two had exactly the same notion of what was equitable." 
 
 6 " Confidence, which must precede union, could be established only 
 
 by consummate prudence and self-control." 
 
 7 " Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole estimate is 
 
 changed." 
 
 8 Exchange is also applied to the charge for making the transfer. 
 
 9 " Thomas was of a nature which had a sort of superstitious re- 
 
 pugnance to everything exceptional" 
 
 10 The general sent orders to expedite the march of the army. 
 
 11 In this country the value of the exports exceeds that of the 
 
 imports. 
 
 12 Monopoly without regulation tends to produce extortionate prices. 
 
 13 " Commercial credit is to-day the most important wheel in the 
 
 whole fiduciary mechanism." 
 
 14 A financier need not necessarily be a capitalist he may skill- 
 
 fully employ the money of others. 
 
 15 " The mind may for some time fluctuate between two feelings, but 
 
 it can never entertain both at once." 
 
 16 " Foreclosure proceedings were instituted at once to head off any 
 
 action he might take." 
 
 17 We forfeit an estate by treason; we forfeit reputation by a 
 
 breach of promise. 
 
 18 " Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the constitution, 
 
 is one crowning franchise of American people." 
 
 19 " The papers were obviously fraudulent." 
 
 20 The gross earnings fell considerably below those of former years. 
 
 21 " The United States shall guarantee to each State in this Union 
 
 a republican form of government." 
 
 22 This action on the part of the company would undoubtedly be 
 
 illegal. 
 
 23 The total of imports which come through the port of New York 
 
 is the largest of any in this country. 
 
 24 Insurance is a contract for indemnity. 
 
 25 Indentures were originally duplicates laid together and indented 
 
 by a notched cut, or line. 
 
 113 
 
FIFTY-EIGHTH LESSON Words Used in Business 
 
 investment 
 
 In-vest'-ment 
 
 The purchase of property ; money 
 
 
 
 invested. 
 
 insolvency 
 
 In-sol'-ven-sy 
 
 The condition of being unable to 
 
 
 
 pay debts when due. 
 
 indorser 
 
 m-dors'-er 
 
 One who guarantees the payment 
 
 
 
 of a note, draft, check, etc. 
 
 integrity 
 
 m-teg'-rt-ty 
 
 Wholeness ; moral soundness. 
 
 inventory 
 
 m'-ven-to-ry 
 
 Account of stock taken in busi- 
 
 
 
 ness. 
 
 invoice 
 
 In'-vois 
 
 A written account of the particu- 
 
 
 
 lars of merchandise shipped; 
 
 
 
 goods shipped. 
 
 jobber 
 
 job'-ber 
 
 One who buys goods from impor- 
 
 
 
 ters, wholesalers or manufactur- 
 
 
 
 ers and sells to retailers. 
 
 journal 
 
 jur'-nal 
 
 A book of accounts in which is en- 
 tered a condensed statement of 
 
 
 
 the daily transactions. 
 
 ledger 
 
 lej'-er 
 
 The final book of record in busi- 
 
 
 
 ness transactions. 
 
 liabilities 
 
 H-a-bllM-tlz 
 
 The sum of one's pecuniary obliga- 
 
 
 
 tions. 
 
 lucrative 
 
 lu'-kra-tlv 
 
 Profitable; gainful. 
 
 maturity 
 
 ma-tur'-I-ty 
 
 Arrival of the time fixed for pay- 
 ment; becoming due. 
 
 mercantile 
 
 mer'-kan-tll 
 
 Pertaining to merchants. 
 
 merchandise 
 
 mer'-chan-diz 
 
 Wares ; goods ; commodities. 
 
 monopoly 
 
 m6-n6p'-6-ly 
 
 Sole command of the traffic in sell- 
 
 
 
 ing anything. 
 
 negotiable 
 
 ne-go'-shl-a-b'l 
 
 Transferable by assignment or in- 
 
 
 
 dorsement to another person. 
 
 notary 
 
 no'-ta-ry 
 
 A public officer who attests or cer- 
 
 
 
 tifies deeds and other writings. 
 
 obligation 
 pecuniary 
 percentage 
 
 6b~ll-ga'-shun 
 pe-kun'-ya-ry 
 per-sent'-aj 
 
 That to which one is bound. 
 Relating to or consisting of money. 
 A certain rate per cent. 
 
 preferential 
 
 prSf'-er-en'-shal 
 
 Having a preference or precedence. 
 
 property 
 proposition 
 
 pro'-per-ty 
 prop-6-zIsh'-un 
 
 Anything subject to ownership. 
 That which is offered tor consid- 
 
 
 
 eration, acceptance, or adoption. 
 
 protest 
 
 pro'-t6st 
 
 Steps taken to fix the liability of a 
 
 
 
 drawer or indorser of dishonored 
 
 
 
 commercial paper. 
 
 quotation 
 
 kwo-ta'-shun 
 
 The price named. 
 
 Words to be applied : refunding, factorage, floating, breakage 
 
 114 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " Before the investment could be made, a change in the market 
 
 might render it ineligible." 
 
 2 Insolvency signifies the inability of a person to pay his debts as 
 
 they become due in the ordinary course of business. . 
 
 3 The indorser was called upon to pay the note. 
 
 4 " The moral grandeur of independent integrity is the sublimest 
 
 thing in nature." 
 
 5 " There, take an inventory of all I have." 
 
 6 The merchant received a large invoice of goods. 
 
 7 The jobber's prices could not be met by the manufacturer. 
 
 8 " A diary is also called a journal." 
 
 9 " The ledger was taken into court to prove his statements." 
 
 10 The resources of this company are more than double the lia- 
 
 bilities. 
 
 11 " The trade of merchandise, being the most lucrative, may bear 
 
 usury at a good rate." 
 
 12 The bonds will reach their maturity in ten .years. 
 
 13 " The expedition of the Argonauts was partly mercantile, partly 
 
 military." 
 
 14 " He was a dealer in second-hand merchandise." 
 
 15 " Public utilities that are in the nature of a monopoly should be 
 
 controlled by the municipality, or government." 
 
 16 Negotiable paper is any commercial paper transferable by sale 
 
 or delivery and indorsement, as drafts, checks, promissory 
 notes, bills of exchange. 
 
 17 A notary public is usually called a notary. 
 
 18 " The cultivation of the soil is an obligation imposed by nature 
 
 on mankind." 
 
 19 " My exertions, whatever they have been, were such as no hopes 
 
 of pecuniary reward could possibly excite ; and no pecuniary 
 compensation can possibly reward them." 
 
 20 " The percentage of profit was very small." 
 
 21 The company was allowed a preferential claim on the revenues. 
 
 22 " It was the misfortune of my friend to have embarked his prop- 
 
 erty in large speculations." 
 
 23 " The proposition for peace was rejected." 
 
 24 " Notice of protest by the bank was given immediately." 
 
 25 " Give us quotations on these goods as soon as possible." 
 
 115 
 
FIFTY-NINTH LESSON-Words used in Business 
 
 rebate 
 
 r-bat' 
 
 To discount from; an unlawful 
 
 
 
 discrimination. 
 
 recoup 
 
 revkoop' 
 
 To get an equivalent or compensa- 
 
 
 
 tion for; to reimburse. 
 
 recompense 
 
 rek'-6m-pns 
 
 To return an equivalent; to re- 
 
 
 
 munerate ; to pay for. 
 
 redeemable 
 
 re-dem'-a-b'l 
 
 Subject to repurchase. 
 
 reimburse 
 
 re-Im-burs' 
 
 To pay back; to indemnify. 
 
 referee 
 
 re-fer-e' 
 
 One to whom a thing is referred; 
 
 
 
 arbitrator ; umpire. 
 
 remittance 
 
 re"-mlt'-tans 
 
 The act of transmitting money to 
 
 
 
 a distant place; the sum or 
 
 
 
 thing remitted. 
 
 resources 
 
 re-sors'-es 
 
 Funds, money, or any property 
 
 
 
 that can be converted; supplies. 
 
 schedule 
 
 skSd'-fel 
 
 Catalog ; list ; inventory. 
 
 solicit 
 
 so-Hs'-It 
 
 To endeavor to obtain; to seek; 
 
 
 
 to ask; to request. 
 
 solvent 
 
 s6l'-vent 
 
 Able to pay all just debts. 
 
 speculate 
 
 spk'-u-lat 
 
 To buy with expectation of ad- 
 
 
 
 vance in value. 
 
 stipulation 
 
 stlp-u-la'-shun 
 
 A contracting or bargaining. 
 
 surety 
 
 shur'-ty 
 
 Security against loss or damage. 
 
 surplus 
 
 sur'-plus 
 
 More than sufficient; excessive. 
 
 subtreasury 
 
 sub-trzh'-ury 
 
 A branch of the U. S. treasury. 
 
 syndicate 
 
 sln'-dl-kat 
 
 A combination. 
 
 sundries 
 
 sun'-drlz 
 
 Various small things. 
 
 traffic 
 
 traf'-fik 
 
 Trade; the business done upon 
 
 
 
 transportation lines. 
 
 transferable 
 
 trans-feV-a-b'! 
 
 Capable of being transferred; ne- 
 
 
 
 gotiable. 
 
 transaction 
 
 trans-ak'-shun 
 
 The doing or performing of any 
 
 
 
 business; that which is done. 
 
 usury 
 
 u'-zhu-ry 
 
 Interest in excess of a legal rate. 
 
 value 
 
 val'-u 
 
 To appraise; to appreciate. 
 
 valid 
 
 val'-Id 
 
 Having legal strength or force. 
 
 warehouse 
 
 war'-hous 
 
 A storehouse ; to place in the gov- 
 
 
 
 ernment custom house. 
 
 Words to be applied: transportation, equivalent, shares, wares 
 
 116 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " A rebate of importers' duties was made on the whole lot." 
 
 2 In his attempt to recoup his losses in the stock market he only 
 
 plunged himself deeper into debt. 
 
 3 " He cannot recompense me by it." " To me belongeth vengeance 
 
 and recompense." 
 
 4 A pledge securing the payment of money is redeemable. 
 
 5 " As if one who had been robbed should allege that he had a 
 
 right to reimburse himself out of the pocket of the first trav- 
 eler he met ! " 
 
 6 " The boys usually asked him to keep the score or to referee the 
 
 matches they played." 
 
 7 Remittance will be made on the 15th. 
 
 8 Resources are a firm's money or property; liabilities are the 
 
 debts or obligations to be met. 
 
 9 " Chemicals are in schedule A of the tariff law." 
 
 10 " The port was crowded with those who hastened to solicit per- 
 
 mission to share in the enterprise." 
 
 11 " The firm was known to be solvent" 
 
 12 " The firm continued to speculate in stocks against the advice of 
 
 its friends." 
 
 13 " The stipulations of the allied powers, to furnish each his con- 
 
 tingent of troops, were clear." 
 
 14 " He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it." 
 
 15 " The bank's surplus amounted to one million dollars." 
 
 16 There are nine subtreasuries, situated in New York, Boston, 
 
 Philadelphia, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, New 
 Orleans, and San Francisco. 
 
 17 "In the panic of 1866, the price of shares in many banks was 
 
 artificially raised by the unscrupulous cliques or syndicates." 
 
 18 He was a dealer in automobile sundries and accessories. 
 
 19 " Traffic over this line this season has been abnormal." " Traffic 
 
 in these goods was limited." 
 
 20 " These tickets are not transferable" 
 
 21 " A transaction is something already done and completed." 
 
 22 " The root of the condemnation of usury was simply an error in 
 
 political economy." 
 
 23 " Value is the power to command commodities generally." 
 
 24 We speak of a valid claim, a valid argument, a valid instrument 
 
 of any kind, and the like. 
 
 25 " One-half the duty was to be paid at once on warehousing the 
 
 paper in a warehouse approved by the customs." 
 
 117 
 
SIXTIETH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 recoup 
 
 supplement 
 
 memorize 
 
 timorous 
 
 conscience 
 
 marine 
 
 fiduciary 
 
 commission 
 
 frivolous 
 
 equitable 
 
 delinquent 
 
 muscle 
 
 intercede 
 
 symmetry 
 
 naphtha 
 
 valid 
 
 buoyant 
 
 certify 
 
 obstinacy 
 
 transferable 
 
 convertible 
 
 tangible 
 
 zealous 
 
 recompense 
 
 parallel 
 
 literature 
 
 indenture 
 
 velocity 
 
 intercept 
 
 mercenary 
 
 vigorous 
 
 surety 
 
 plural 
 
 technique 
 
 resources 
 
 medicine 
 
 suspense 
 
 franchise 
 
 usually 
 
 terminal 
 
 qualified 
 
 illegal 
 
 balance 
 
 niece 
 
 rebellious 
 
 obstacle 
 
 typical 
 
 vigilant 
 
 physique 
 
 nephew 
 
 miraculous 
 
 modeling 
 
 valiant 
 
 disburse 
 
 indorser 
 
 neuter 
 
 clothier 
 
 munificent 
 
 nautical 
 
 tremendous 
 
 sanction 
 
 solicit 
 
 yielding 
 
 mileage 
 
 mortise 
 
 wondrous 
 
 schedule 
 
 welfare 
 
 canceled 
 
 convertible 
 
 transferred 
 
 millinery 
 
 forcible 
 
 deteriorate 
 
 merchandise 
 
 textile 
 
 omitted 
 
 obdurate 
 
 vestige 
 
 medieval 
 
 emergency 
 
 motor 
 
 tolerant 
 
 synopsis 
 
 supersede 
 
 integrity 
 
 guarantee 
 
 metropolis 
 
 exhilarate 
 
 unequaled 
 
 malicious 
 
 describe 
 
 acceptance 
 
 syndicate 
 
 unanimous 
 
 miscreant 
 
 collectible 
 
 valleys 
 
 admissible 
 
 prejudice 
 
 118 
 
CHAPTER XIII 
 
 TpVERYTHING that is great in life is the 
 -" product of slow growth; the newer, and greater, 
 and higher, and nobler the work, the slower is its 
 growth, the surer is its lasting success. Mushrooms 
 attain their full power in a night; oaks require 
 decades. A fad lives its life in a few weeks; a phi- 
 losophy lives through generations and centuries. 
 
 William George Jordan. 
 
 119 
 
SIXTY-FIRST LESSON-Commercial Terms 
 
 abstract of title 
 
 A brief and orderly statement of the original 
 
 
 grant and subsequent conveyances and incum- 
 
 
 brances relating to the title of real estate. 
 
 accommodation 
 
 A note given as an accommodation or favor in 
 
 paper 
 
 the course of business. 
 
 account current 
 
 An open or running account between two or more 
 
 
 parties. 
 
 account sales 
 
 A written statement rendered by a commission 
 
 
 merchant to the consignor or owner, showing 
 
 
 the sales, charges, etc., on a consignment. 
 
 ad valorem duty 
 
 Duty assessed on the foreign value of the goods. 
 
 accrued interest 
 
 Interest earned up to the present time. 
 
 annual assay 
 
 The annual test of coins by the U. S. Mint. 
 
 articles of 
 
 A written agreement. 
 
 agreement 
 
 
 bank clearings 
 
 The aggregate amount of the checks and drafts 
 
 
 exchanged by the banks and daily adjusted. 
 
 bank statement 
 
 A statement of the bank's financial condition. 
 
 beneficiary 
 
 Any benefit interest in a contract. 
 
 interest 
 
 
 bill of exchange 
 
 An order drawn on a person in another city or 
 
 
 county for payment of money, in lieu of the 
 
 
 same being deposited with the drawer. 
 
 bill of lading 
 
 A written acknowledgment by the carrier of the 
 
 
 receipt of goods for transportation. 
 
 bill of sight 
 
 A note payable on demand. 
 
 boat loads 
 
 Refers to canal boats, and not to ocean vessels. 
 
 bonded debt 
 
 A debt secured by bond or bonds. 
 
 bonded goods 
 
 Goods placed in a bonded warehouse. 
 
 bonded 
 
 A storehouse for bonded goods. 
 
 warehouse 
 
 
 bucket shop 
 
 An office or a place where facilities are given for 
 
 
 betting small sums on current prices of stocks. 
 
 buying on a 
 
 Buying at regular intervals on a declining market. 
 
 scale 
 
 
 by-bidder 
 
 One who buys at an auction in behalf of the auc- 
 
 
 tioneer or the owner. 
 
 call loans 
 
 Money loaned subject to the call or demand. 
 
 capital stock 
 
 Money, property, or stock invested in any business. 
 
 certificate of 
 
 A promise on the part of the bank to pay on the 
 
 deposit 
 
 return of certificate properly indorsed. 
 
 certified check 
 
 A bank check, the validity of which is certified to 
 
 
 by the bank on which it is drawn. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : referee, resource, seizaUe, ivarrant 
 
 120 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The abstract of title was defective because of an unreleased 
 
 mortgage. 
 
 2 His failure was traceable to his lack of judgment in signing too 
 
 much accommodation paper. 
 
 3 Among the enclosures we failed to find the account current. 
 
 4 We hand you herewith account sales of consignment of apples. 
 
 5 The ad valorem duty on the goods is too high. 
 
 6 The accrued interest on the loan is $235.75. 
 
 7 We shall make full statement directly after the annual assay. 
 
 8 The articles of agreement have not been signed. 
 
 9 The lank clearings in New York are the largest of any city in 
 
 America. 
 
 10 The bank's statement was published yesterday. 
 
 11 He is not known to have even a beneficiary interest in it. 
 
 12 We have to-day sent him bill of lading with bill of exchange at- 
 
 tached. 
 
 13 We presume he will attach same to bill of sight. 
 
 14 The Erie canal gave passage to two hundred boatloads of grain 
 
 during the week. 
 
 15 The bonded debt of the company is $50,000. 
 
 16 He has further secured us by bonded goods valued at $2,500. 
 
 17 They claim to have these goods in bonded ivarehouse. 
 
 18 He has been known to speculate in bucket shops. 
 
 19 He endeavored to even up matters by buying on a scale. 
 
 20 It was apparent he was there merely as a by-bidder. 
 
 21 They are reported to have raised a considerable fund on call 
 
 loans. 
 
 22 The capital stock of the company is $250,000. 
 
 23 It is further secured by certificate of deposit on the City Bank. 
 
 24 All bids must be accompanied by a certified check for $5,000. 
 
 121 
 
SIXTY-SECOND LESSON Commercial Terms 
 
 chattel 
 
 mortgage 
 clearing-house 
 
 collateral 
 
 security 
 common 
 
 carrier 
 
 common stock 
 commutation 
 
 tickets 
 
 covering shorts 
 current funds 
 custom-house 
 
 days of grace 
 
 debenture 
 
 bonds 
 discount rate 
 
 dutiable goods 
 evening-up 
 
 exemplary 
 
 damages 
 liquidated 
 
 damages 
 franking 
 
 privilege 
 frozen out 
 
 Loan and trust 
 
 company 
 mercantile 
 
 agency 
 
 national banks 
 preferred stock 
 
 realizing sales 
 
 seller of the 
 year 
 
 A mortgage on personal property. 
 
 The house where banks exchange checks held by 
 
 each against others, and settle differences. 
 Security for the performance of covenants or the 
 
 payment of money, besides the principal security. 
 One who undertakes the office of carrying goods or 
 
 persons for hire; as a transportation company. 
 The ordinary shares in a corporation. 
 Tickets sold by a transportation company entitling 
 
 the holder to a certain number of rides. 
 Buying in property to fill contracts previously made. 
 Money in general circulation. 
 The house or office where commodities are entered 
 
 for importation and exportation. 
 The three days immediately following the maturity 
 
 of a bill or note. 
 Notes in the form of bonds. 
 
 The rate per cent of interest charged by banks for 
 the use of loaned money. 
 
 Goods liable to duty. 
 
 The selling out of property previously bought or 
 contracted for. 
 
 Damages allowed as a punishment to the defend- 
 ant for malicious or aggravated injury. 
 
 Damages determined as to amount either by agree- 
 ment or a judgment. 
 
 The privilege of sending matter through the mails, 
 by express, or by telegraph without charge. 
 
 Set of deals or trades closed out compulsorily be- 
 cause of inability to further protect contracts 
 with re-margins. 
 
 First-class ; the very best. 
 
 An incorporated banking institution. 
 
 A concern which procures information relating to 
 the financial standing and credit of merchants. 
 
 Banks organized under national laws. 
 
 Stock issued by a corporation which takes pre- 
 cedence over the common stock. 
 
 Selling property or closing contracts in order to 
 realize or secure profits. 
 
 A contract giving the seller the right of delivering 
 property within the year. 
 
 Words to be applied in sentences : stipend, rectify, receiver, surety 
 
 122 
 
THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 Five thousand dollars' worth of stock in the company was offered 
 
 as collateral security to the loan, in addition to a chattel mort- 
 gage. 
 
 2 The clearing-house saves a vast amount of time in the adjust- 
 
 ment of bank balances. 
 
 3 They stand liable as other common carriers. The dividends on 
 
 the common stock are payable to-day. 
 
 4 Commutation tickets for less than twenty-five rides will not be 
 
 sold. 
 
 5 There was much manipulation done to cover shorts. The current 
 
 funds were not adequate to relieve the market. 
 
 6 These goods are held at the custom-house. Days of grace are 
 
 not now recognized in many states. 
 
 7 The receiver held that the debenture bonds would be paid at 
 
 maturity. 
 
 8 We cannot do so at present discount rates. We hold that under 
 
 the law these are not dutiable goods. 
 
 9 This evening-up was a source of much discomfiture to the presi- 
 
 dent of the company. 
 
 10 The jury is instructed that if such is the case the defendant is 
 
 liable for exemplary damages. 
 
 11 His failure made him liable for the liquidated damages. The 
 
 senator has abused his franking privilege. It is said that he 
 was frozen out. 
 
 12 We offer a block of $15,000 Washington Mining Company's gilt- 
 
 edge bonds, guaranteed by the Merchants Loan and Trust Co. 
 
 13 We find no rating by any of the mercantile agencies. The pre- 
 
 ferred stock of this national bank is guaranteed to pay a 7 
 per cent dividend. 
 
 14 He made money by realizing sales rapidly. His seller-of-the- 
 
 year contract saved him. 
 
 123 
 
SIXTY-THIRD LESSON-Commercial Terms 
 
 short market 
 
 A market that is oversold. 
 
 short selling 
 
 The process of selling property for future delivery 
 
 
 in anticipation of being able to buy in at cheaper 
 
 
 prices before "the contracts mature. 
 
 sight draft 
 
 A draft or bill payable on presentation. 
 
 sinking fund 
 
 A fund invested in such a manner that its accu- 
 
 
 mulations enable it to wipe out a debt at 
 
 
 maturity. 
 
 visible supply 
 
 Products of any kind available for immediate 
 
 
 use. 
 
 warehouse 
 receipt 
 
 A receipt issued by a warehouseman for property 
 received by him for storage. 
 
 watered stock 
 
 An increase in capitalization without a correspond- 
 
 
 ing increase in assets. 
 
 without 
 
 Recourse : the right to exact payment from a party 
 
 recourse 
 
 secondarily liable; "without recourse" has a 
 
 
 negative effect. 
 
 internal 
 
 Revenue derived from excise and license duties and 
 
 revenue 
 legal tender 
 
 special taxes on personal property. 
 Coin or other money that may legally be offered in 
 
 long market 
 
 payment of a debt. 
 A market that is overbought. 
 
 manipulated 
 
 A market under artificial control. 
 
 market 
 
 
 paper profits 
 
 Profits on contracts not yet closed. 
 
 power of 
 
 A written statement given by one person authoriz- 
 
 attorney 
 
 ing another to transact business for him. 
 
 specific duty 
 
 Duty assessed at a certain rate per quantity. 
 
 port of entry 
 
 A town or city in which a custom-house is located. 
 
 bank draft 
 
 An order for money drawn at one bank and pay- 
 
 
 able at another. 
 
 itemized 
 
 A list showing all the items purchased during a 
 
 statement 
 
 certain period. 
 
 trust deed 
 
 A conveyance of property to one party to be held in 
 
 
 trust for another or others. 
 
 real estate 
 
 Relating or pertaining to or arising out of land, 
 
 
 lands and tenements. 
 
 personal 
 
 Property that may attend the person of the owner. 
 
 property 
 
 
 stock 
 
 A formal instrument issued by a stock company, 
 
 certificate 
 
 setting forth the number of shares of stock of 
 
 
 which the holder is the owner. 
 
 Words to be applied : redeemable, shrinkage, solvent, taxation 
 
 124 
 
limited 
 liability 
 
 reorganized 
 corporation 
 
 " Limited " affixed to the name of a stock company 
 signifies that each shareholder is liable indefinitely 
 to the company's creditors for the amount only 
 representing the value of the shares held by each. 
 
 A corporation reorganized after becoming embar- 
 rassed or unable to longer profitably proceed. 
 
 THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 The firm went down in a short market. He made a practice of 
 
 short selling. Please attach same to sight draft. 
 
 2 All this, aside from the sinking fund, tended to give the people 
 
 confidence in the institution. 
 
 3 The visible supply of wheat would not justify such an assump- 
 
 tion. 
 
 4 He delivered to us his warehouse receipt. Most of this was 
 
 known as watered stock. 
 
 5 The note was duly signed and indorsed " without recourse. 91 
 
 6 The note was not accepted as legal tender for internal revenue 
 
 taxes. 
 
 7 He found himself overwhelmed in a long market. They con- 
 
 cluded that they were the victims of a manipulated market. 
 
 8 There is a vast difference between paper profits and practical 
 
 profits. 
 
 9 To back up his statement, he produced a power of attorney. An 
 
 effort was made to change it from specific duty to ad valorem. 
 
 10 Owing to the increase in population and shipments, the place 
 
 is likely to be made a port of entry. 
 
 11 Please make remittance by bank draft on New York. We inclose 
 
 itemized statement as requested. They have executed a trust 
 deed for this property. 
 
 12 His real estate as well as his personal property interests are 
 
 reputed to be large. 
 
 13 The stock certificates have been issued by this limited liability 
 
 company. 
 
 14 The reorganized corporation is said to be on a sound basis 
 
 financially. 
 
 125 
 
SIXTY-FOURTH LESSON Commercial Terms 
 
 consequential 
 
 damages 
 cross trade 
 
 errors and omis- 
 sions excepted 
 fixed charges 
 
 general average 
 
 investment buy- 
 ing 
 
 marine insurance 
 on call 
 
 on passage 
 pound sterling 
 
 stop order 
 upset price 
 
 verbal contract 
 buyer-thirty 
 
 cartage, freight, 
 and insurance 
 
 commission mer- 
 chant 
 
 account current 
 
 order bill of 
 lading 
 
 collect on 
 delivery 
 
 I. O. U. ' 
 
 joint account 
 letter of credit 
 
 Those not an immediate result of the act. 
 
 A method by which brokers fill conflicting 
 orders to buy and sell, by the nominal pur- 
 chase and sale through another commission 
 house. 
 
 (Abbreviated to E. and O. E.) 
 
 Claims upon the revenue of a concern which it 
 is bound by contract or by law to meet. 
 
 A term used in maritime insurance, when a part 
 of a cargo is sacrificed for the benefit of the 
 whole. 
 
 Purchase with intention to hold for a consider- 
 able time. [G.re. 
 
 That which covers all risks of the sea, including 
 
 A loan of money made on condition that it must 
 be returned the day it is called for. 
 
 Sale of a cargo while at sea. 
 
 () An English money denomination, equivalent 
 to the sovereign ($4.S6-f- of U. S. money). 
 
 An order to buy or sell at a fixed figure. 
 
 The lowest price at which goods can be sold in 
 an auction sale. 
 
 An agreement not reduced to writing. 
 
 Property bought subject to the demand of the 
 buyer within a period of thirty days. 
 
 (Abbreviated to C. F. I.) 
 
 One who buys or sells another's goods on com- 
 mission. 
 
 An open or running account. 
 
 A transferable receipt for goods delivered to a 
 carrier for transportation. 
 
 (Abbreviated to C. O. D.) 
 
 (Abbreviation for "I owe you/') A memoran- 
 dum of a debt less formal than a promissory 
 note, there being no direct promise to pay. 
 
 An account with two or more persons, either of 
 whom may claim the benefits thereof. 
 
 A notice by a banker that the person named 
 therein is entitled to draw on him, up to a 
 certain amount. 
 
 126 
 
per centum 
 seller's option 
 
 (Abbreviated "per cent") By the hundred. 
 
 The right to deliver the thing sold at any time 
 within a designated number of days; usually 
 abbreviated to s. o. (as s. o. 3, for a three-day's 
 option). 
 
 THE WORDS APPLIED 
 
 1 " Public policy forbids recovery of consequential damages." 
 
 2 The firm was forced to resort to a cross trade. 
 
 3 The message was taken E. and O. E. 
 
 4 Dividends could not be paid because of the flxed charges. 
 
 5 The company objected to paying general average on its goods. 
 
 6 He was a strong believer in investment buying. 
 
 1 The company made a specialty of marine insurance. 
 
 8 The bank was getting 10% for money on call. 
 
 9 He bought the grain on passage. 
 
 10 His annual income was over ten thousand pounds sterling. 
 
 11 Because of the uncertain condition of the market, a stop order 
 
 was issued on the B. & O. stock. 
 
 12 The upset price of the property was $5,000. 
 
 13 Generally a verbal contract is as valid as if it were a written one. 
 
 14 You may place our order for the goods, buyer-thirty. 
 
 15 The price quoted includes C. F. I. 
 
 16 He is now in business as commission merchant. 
 
 17 The firm has over $10,000 in accounts current. 
 
 18 An order bill of lading is transferable by indorsement. 
 
 19 The package was forwarded C. O. D. 
 
 20 I will give you my 7. O. U. for $25. 
 
 21 Mr. and Mrs. Smith have opened a joint account with the First 
 
 National Bank. 
 
 22 I procured a letter of credit for $5,000 before starting abroad. 
 
 23 This bank pays interest at the rate of three per centum per 
 
 annum. 
 
 24 The deal was closed at $5,000 s. o. 8. 
 
 127 
 
SIXTY-FIFTH LESSON Review and General Exercise 
 
 reminiscence 
 
 counterfeit 
 
 existence 
 
 necessarily 
 
 purport 
 
 precedence 
 
 diphtheria 
 
 culinary 
 
 egotism 
 
 accommodate 
 
 conscious 
 
 particle 
 
 indispensable 
 
 clearly 
 
 recipient 
 
 apparatus 
 
 exquisite 
 
 acclamation 
 
 proxy 
 
 blamable 
 
 usurp 
 intermittent 
 
 grievous 
 assassinate 
 
 efficient 
 competent 
 
 command- 
 [ment 
 irrevocable 
 
 strategic 
 
 preferred 
 
 exigency 
 
 occasion 
 
 irresistible 
 
 accrued 
 
 indisputable 
 
 pronunciation 
 
 appraise 
 
 competitor 
 
 plausible 
 
 describe 
 
 belligerent 
 
 accumulate 
 
 launder 
 
 equation 
 
 reparable 
 
 pretense 
 
 obligatory 
 
 symmetry 
 
 spontaneous 
 
 admissible 
 
 civilization 
 
 contestants 
 
 civilize 
 
 exhilarate 
 
 peremptory 
 
 separate 
 
 permissible 
 
 compelled 
 
 accessory 
 
 amenable 
 
 manifest 
 
 occurrence 
 
 despicable 
 
 license 
 
 perceptible 
 
 aspirant 
 
 specific 
 
 aggregate 
 
 disputant 
 
 effervesce 
 
 intercede 
 
 pittance 
 
 tangible 
 
 visible 
 
 debit 
 
 nuisance 
 
 controversy 
 
 exaggerate 
 
 certificate 
 
 continually 
 
 inflammable 
 
 prejudice 
 
 fascinate 
 
 judgment 
 
 prestige 
 intersperse 
 
 mischievous 
 supervise 
 
 combative- 
 [ness 
 criticise 
 
 omissions 
 naphtha 
 
 factorage 
 
 itemized 
 
 vivacious 
 
 laundry 
 
 hygienic 
 
 supersede 
 
 eccentric 
 
 embarrass 
 
 128 
 
CHAPTER XIV 
 
 T T THEN I consider what some books have done 
 for the world, and what they are doing, how 
 they keep up our hope, awaken new courage and 
 faith, soothe pain, give an ideal life to those whose 
 hours are cold and hard, bind together distant ages 
 and foreign lands, create new worlds of beauty, 
 bring down Truth from heaven; I give eternal bless- 
 ings for this gift, and thank God for books. 
 
 James Freeman Clarke. 
 
 129 
 
SIXTY-SIXTH LESSON-Latin Words and Phrases 
 
 per diem 
 
 per di'-em 
 
 By the day. 
 
 pro and con 
 
 pro and kon 
 
 For and against. 
 
 pro rata 
 
 pro' ra'-ta 
 
 In proportion. 
 
 prima facie 
 
 pri'-ma fa'-shl-e 
 
 On the face. 
 
 per annum 
 
 per an'-num 
 
 By the year. 
 
 pro forma 
 
 pro fdr'-ma 
 
 In a formal way. 
 
 per capita 
 
 per kap'-I-ta 
 
 By the head. 
 
 post scriptum 
 
 post skrlpt'-tum 
 
 Written after. 
 
 per se 
 
 per se 
 
 By itself. 
 
 pro tempore 
 
 pro tem'-po-re 
 
 For the time. 
 
 per centum 
 
 per s6n'-tum 
 
 By the hundred. 
 
 post mortem 
 
 post mdr'-tem 
 
 After death. 
 
 
 French 
 
 Words 
 
 corps 
 
 kor 
 
 
 A number or body of persons in some way 
 
 
 
 
 associated or acting together. 
 
 apropos 
 
 ap-ro-p5' 
 
 Suited to 
 
 the time, place or occasion. 
 
 trousseau 
 
 troo'-so' 
 
 A bride's 
 
 outfit, especially of clothing. 
 
 coterie 
 
 k6'-te-re' 
 
 A set or circle of friends who meet habitu- 
 
 
 
 
 ally for 
 
 any purpose, as for social or lit- 
 
 
 
 
 erary entertainment. 
 
 elite 
 
 a'-let' 
 
 The choicest part, especially in society ; the 
 
 
 
 
 pick ; the flower. 
 
 parquet 
 
 fpar-ka' \ 
 { par-ket' / 
 
 The enclosed space on the main floor of a 
 theater between the orchestra rail and the 
 
 
 
 
 rail immediately under the gallery line. 
 
 vignette 
 
 vm-yet' 
 
 To make with a fading background or bor- 
 
 
 
 
 der, as a photograph. 
 
 prestige 
 
 pres'-tlj 
 
 Authority 
 
 or importance based on past 
 
 
 
 
 achievement or gained from the appear- 
 
 
 
 
 ance of 
 
 power or ability ; moral influence 
 
 
 
 
 of reputation or a former character or 
 
 
 
 
 success. 
 
 
 piquant 
 
 / pe'-kant \ 
 \ plk'-ant / 
 
 Having an agreeable, pungent taste; racy; 
 sparkling ; lively. 
 
 resume 
 prote'ge' 
 
 ra'-zu'-ma' 
 pro'-t&'-zha' 
 
 A recapitulation or summary. 
 One specially cared for and favored by an- 
 
 *r 
 
 
 
 other, usually older, person. 
 
 cafe 
 
 ka'-fi 
 
 ' 
 
 A coffee house or restaurant. 
 
 ennui 
 
 aN'-nwe-' 
 
 Mental weariness produced by satiety or 
 
 
 
 
 lack of interest. 
 
 130 
 
Adapted from the Manuals of Style 
 
 When the Hyphen is Used 
 
 1. Compound adjectives generally take the hyphen: a 75-horse 
 power engine, asked-for opinion, state-bank notes. In applying this 
 rule care must be taken not to confuse the qualifying word with the 
 subject word. Observe the following forms : young school-teacher, 
 common-school teacher, high*school teacher. 
 
 2. A present or past participle with a noun or an adjective may 
 take the hyphen in such expressions as : ivell-dealing countrymen, 
 soul-killing witches, sap-consuming winter. 
 
 3. Adverbs ending in " ly " are not usually compounded with ad- 
 jectives which they qualify ; as, " nicely kept lawn." But words like 
 " above," " ill," " well," " so," etc., are compounded in such expres- 
 sions as " the well-known writer," " the so-called tariff reform," " the 
 last-named article," etc. 
 
 4. In fractional numbers, spelled out, connect by a hyphen the 
 numerator and the denominator, unless either already contains a 
 hyphen: three-fourths, one twenty-first, one one-hundred-and- 
 tiventieth, one-quarter. 
 
 5. When used adjectively, the expressions " first-class," " second- 
 class," etc., are to be hyphened ; otherwise they should be printed as 
 two words : a first-class passage, a ship of the first class. 
 
 6. Omit the hyphen in such Latin forms as " an ex officio mem- 
 ber," " per diem employees," etc. 
 
 7. Generally hyphen two or more words combined into one adjec- 
 tive preceding a noun: rock-bottom prices, gilt-edge stocks, stay-at- 
 home voter. 
 
 8. Ordinarily words denoting occupation should be hyphened: 
 book-dealer. 
 
 9. Compounds of "store'* should be hyphened when the prefix 
 contains one syllable ; otherwise not : drug-store, but grocery store. 
 
 10. Compounds of " fellow " are always hyphened : fellow-men, 
 play- fellow. 
 
 11. Compounds of " life " and " world " require a hyphen : life- 
 history, world-power; but lifetime. 
 
 12. Compounds of " master " should be hyphened : master-builder 
 (exception : masterpiece). 
 
 13. " Half," " quarter," etc., combined with a noun should be fol- 
 lowed by a hyphen: half-truth, half-tone, quarter-deck. 
 
 14. Compounds of " self " are hyphened : self-evident. 
 
 131 
 
OT-VT'X/ r-T^T r-r-T T T T- r- e> /^\^t Adapted from the Manuals of Style 
 SIXTY-EIGHTH LESSON * fhe University of Chicago Press 
 
 and the Government Printing Office. 
 
 When the Hyphen is Used Continued 
 
 15. "Vice," "ex," "elect," "general," and "lieutenant" consti- 
 tuting parts of titles should be connected with the chief noun by a 
 hyphen: Ex-President Roosevelt. 
 
 16. Compounds of " by " should be hyphened : 'by-product, by-laws. 
 
 17. The prefixes " co-," " pre-," and " re-," when followed by the 
 same vowel as that in which they terminate, take a hyphen, but as a 
 rule they do not when followed by a different vowel or a consonant: 
 co-operation, pre-empted, re-enter; but, reindex, reinstate, coadjutor, 
 preordained. 
 
 18. " Non " ordinarily calls for a hyphen except in the commonest 
 words: non-contagious; but nonsense. 
 
 19. " Extra," " infra " and " supra " as a rule call for a hyphen ; 
 extra-hazardous; infra-auxiliary; supra-angular. 
 
 20. Compounds of " father," " mother," " brother," " sister," 
 " daughter," and " parent " with " foster " should be hyphened. 
 
 21. Compounds of the following when prefixed are ordinarily 
 hyphened : 
 
 able- false- old- safe- 
 
 clean- full- on- set- 
 
 cool- great- open- sight- 
 
 deep- half- photo- simple- 
 
 diamond- ill- plain- sound- 
 
 dim- large- poor- subject- 
 
 double- light- public- truth- 
 
 evil- make- re- (again) un- (when followed 
 
 faint- money- right- by a capital) 
 
 fair- narrow- 
 
 22. The exceptions to the foregoing are: 
 
 Doubletree ; adjectives and adverbs of "full " take the hyphen ; 
 makeshift ; makeweight ; onrush ; onset ; onto ; openwork ; plains- 
 man, poorhouse. 
 
 23. Compounds of "photo" are hyphened when followed by a 
 word beginning with " e " ; the others one word. 
 
 24. In the sense of again the compounds of " re " are hyphened, 
 as in re-ally, re-collect, re-cover, etc. 
 
 25. Compounds of " un " are hyphened when they begin with a 
 capital : un-American. 
 
 132 
 
.___ rr __ , . TT . Trn _ T T Y T- ,->, /->, ^-v x Adapted from the Manuals of Style of 
 SIXTY-NINTH LESSON ^e University of Chicago Press and the 
 
 Government Printing Office. 
 
 When the Hyphen is Not Used 
 
 1. Compounds of "book," " house," " mill," " room," " shop " and 
 " work " when the prefix noun contains only one syllable : handbook, 
 boathouse, handmill, classroom, tinshop. 
 
 2. "Semi," " demi," " bi," " tri," etc., do not ordinarily require a 
 hyphen: semiannual, biiveekly. 
 
 3. Combinations with " fold " do not contain a hyphen if the 
 number contains only one syllable; if it contains more, the words are 
 separated: twofold, a hundred fold. 
 
 4. Adjectives formed by the suffixion of "like" to a noun are 
 usually 'printed as one word if the noun contains only one syllable 
 (except when ending in "1") ; if it contains more (or is a proper 
 noun) they should be hyphened: childlike, homelike; but, business- 
 like, girl-like, Christ-like. 
 
 5. Omit the hyphen from "viewpoint," "standpoint" 
 
 6. " Over " and " under " prefixed to a word should not be fol- 
 lowed by a hyphen, except in rare cases : overbold, underfed. 
 
 1. The prefixes "ante," "anti," "inter," "intra," "post," "sub" 
 and " super " do not ordinarily require a hyphen. 
 
 8. Compounds of the following, when prefixed, are ordinarily one 
 compact word: 
 
 auto forth play under 
 
 back in post up 
 
 blue land rough war 
 
 book law school way 
 
 check night semi when 
 
 church north ship whence 
 
 counter off star where 
 
 down other step which 
 
 draw out thorough white 
 
 ever over trans who 
 
 fire para ultra work 
 
 9. The exceptions to the foregoing are : 
 
 Blue-eyed; blue- veined; book-learned; in-going; law-abiding; 
 post-office; post-road; school-ship; school-teacher; school-teaching; 
 star-chamber ; step-up ; step-down ; under-age ; under-grown ; up-to- 
 date; up-line; war-beaten. 
 
 10. Adjectives of " night " and " white " take a hyphen ; " trans " 
 when followed by a capital is hyphened. 
 
 133 
 
SEVENTIETH LESSON 
 
 The following abbreviations are advised by the Postoffice Depart- 
 
 ment : " Names of States should be written in full (or their abbre- 
 
 viations very distinctly) in order to prevent errors which arise from 
 
 the similarity of such abbreviations as Cal., Colo., la., Pa., Va., Vt, 
 
 Me., Mo., Nebr., Nev., N. H., N. M., N. Y., N. J., N. C., D. C., Miss., 
 
 Penn., Tenn., etc., when hastily or carelessly written. This is espe- 
 
 cially necessary in addressing mail matter to places of which the 
 
 names are borne by several post-offices in different states." 
 
 Ala. Alabama 
 
 Nev. Nevada 
 
 Ariz. Arizona 
 
 N. H. New Hampshire 
 
 Ark. Arkansas 
 
 N. J. New Jersey 
 
 Cal. California 
 
 N. Mex. New Mexico 
 
 Colo. Colorado 
 
 N. Y. New York 
 
 Conn. Connecticut 
 
 N. C. North Carolina 
 
 Del. Delaware 
 
 N. Dak. North Dakota 
 
 D. C. District of Columbia 
 
 Okla. Oklahoma 
 
 Fla. Florida 
 
 Oreg. Oregon 
 
 Ga. Georgia 
 
 Pa. Pennsylvania 
 
 IU. Illinois 
 
 P. I. Philippine Islands 
 
 Ind. Indiana 
 
 P. R. Porto Bico 
 
 Kans. Kansas 
 
 B. I. Rhode Island 
 
 Ky. Kentucky 
 
 S. C. South Carolina 
 
 La. Louisiana 
 
 S. Dak. South Dakota 
 
 Me. Maine 
 
 Tenn. Tennessee 
 
 Md. Maryland 
 
 Tex. Texas 
 
 Mass. Massachusetts 
 
 Vt. Vermont 
 
 Mich. Michigan 
 
 Va. Virginia 
 
 Minn. Minnesota 
 
 Wash. Washington 
 
 Miss. Mississippi 
 
 W. Va. West Virginia 
 
 Mo. Missouri 
 
 Wis. Wisconsin 
 
 Mont. Montana 
 
 Wyo. Wyoming 
 
 Nebr. Nebraska 
 
 
 Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Ohio, Samoa, and Utah 
 
 are not abbreviated. 
 
 134 
 
CHAPTER XV 
 
 H, to build, to build! 
 
 That is the noblest art of all the arts. 
 Painting and sculpture are but images, 
 Are merely shadows cast by outward things 
 On stone or canvas, having in themselves 
 No separate existence. Architecture, 
 Existing in itself, and not in seeming 
 A something it is not, surpasses them 
 As substance shadow* 
 
 Longfellow. 
 
 135 
 
OI-*T rr-'xTT'X/ r-'Tr^OT 1 T TT"O/^vXT Cities of the United States with more 
 SEVLN 1 Y -FIRST LLobUIN than one hundred thousand popula- 
 tion. (1910 Census.) 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Portland, Oreg. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Oakland, Cal. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Paterson, N. J. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Omaha, Nebr. 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Lowell, Mass. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 Spokane, Wash. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 
 136 
 
SEVENTY-SECOND LESSON Names f <if L Difflcult to 
 
 Alameda 
 
 Guthrie 
 
 Reading 
 
 Albuquerque 
 
 Houston 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 Anaconda 
 
 Janesville 
 
 San Bernardino 
 
 Asheville 
 
 Joplin 
 
 San Diego 
 
 Baton Rouge 
 
 Kalamazoo 
 
 San Jose 
 
 Beatrice 
 
 Kankakee 
 
 Santa Cruz 
 
 Bellaire 
 
 La Salle 
 
 Schenectady 
 
 Beaumont 
 
 Las Vegas 
 
 Seattle 
 
 Brattleboro 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Shamokin 
 
 Butte 
 
 Lynchburg 
 
 Shreveport 
 
 Champaign 
 
 Marietta 
 
 Spokane 
 
 Chattanooga 
 
 Massillon 
 
 Streator 
 
 Charleston 
 
 Natchez 
 
 Tacoma 
 
 Charlestown 
 
 Olympia 
 
 Tahleqi^ah 
 
 Cheyenne 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Tallahassee 
 
 Corsicana 
 
 Oskaloosa 
 
 Terre Haute 
 
 Dallas 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Texarkana 
 
 Dubuque 
 
 Paducah 
 
 Tucson 
 
 Eau Claire 
 
 Pasadena 
 
 Vandalia 
 
 Edmonton 
 
 Paterson 
 
 Vincennes 
 
 El Paso 
 
 Phoenix 
 
 Waco 
 
 Fitchburg 
 
 Pierre 
 
 Wilkes-Barre 
 
 Fond du Lac 
 
 Poughkeepsie 
 
 Winona 
 
 Fresno 
 
 Pueblo 
 
 Xenia 
 
 Galion 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Ypsilanti 
 
 Ask the student to locate the cities given here, and write the 
 proper abbreviations for the states in which they are located. 
 
 137 
 
SEVENTY-THIRD LESSON Largest Gties in the World 
 
 CITY 
 
 PBONUNCIATION 
 
 COUNTBY OB STATE 
 
 London 
 
 Lun'-dun 
 
 England 
 
 New York 
 
 New Y6rk 
 
 New York 
 
 Paris 
 
 ParMs 
 
 France 
 
 Chicago 
 
 She-ka'-go 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Ber-len' 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Fll-a-del'-fl-a 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Canton 
 
 Kan'-ton 
 
 China 
 
 Tokyo 
 
 To'-ke-o 
 
 Japan 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Ve-Sn'-a 
 
 Austria 
 
 St. Petersburg 
 
 St Pe'-terz-burg 
 
 Russia 
 
 Peking or Pekin 
 
 Pe-klng* 
 
 China 
 
 Moscow 
 
 M6s'-kd 
 
 Russia 
 
 Constantinople 
 
 K6n-stan'-tl-no'-pl 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 Kal-kftt'-ta 
 
 India 
 
 Bombay 
 
 B6m-ba' 
 
 India [S.A. 
 
 Buenos Ayres 
 
 Bo'-nfls a'-rlz 
 
 Argentine Republic, 
 
 Warsaw 
 
 War'-sa 
 
 Poland 
 
 Fuchau 
 
 Poo-Choo' 
 
 China 
 
 Cairo 
 
 KT'-r5 
 
 Egypt 
 
 Naples 
 
 Na'-p'ls 
 
 Italy 
 
 Rio Janeiro 
 
 Re'-6 Ja-ne'-ro 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Liverpool 
 
 Llv'-er-pool 
 
 England 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Man'-ch^s-ter 
 
 England 
 
 Brussels 
 
 Brus'-s6lz 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Amsterdam 
 
 Am'-ster-dam 
 
 Holland 
 
 Antwerp 
 
 Ant'-werp 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Bangkok 
 
 Bang-k6k' 
 
 Siam 
 
 Barcelona 
 
 Bar-se-lo'-na 
 
 Spain 
 
 Belfast 
 
 Bfil'-fast 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 Ber'-mlng-um 
 
 England 
 
 Bordeaux 
 
 B6r-do' 
 
 France 
 
 138 
 
SEVENTY-FOURTH LESSON-Largest Cities in the World 
 
 CITY 
 
 PRONUNCIATION 
 
 COUNTEY OB STATE 
 
 Bradford 
 
 Brad'-ford 
 
 England 
 
 Breslau 
 
 Bres'-lou 
 
 Prussia 
 
 Bucharest 
 
 Bu-ka-rest' 
 
 Roumania 
 
 Budapesth 
 
 Bdo'-d6-p6st 
 
 Hungary 
 
 Carlsbad 
 
 Karls'-bat 
 
 Austria 
 
 Cologne 
 
 K6-16n' 
 
 Germany 
 
 Copenhagen 
 
 K6-pn'-ha'-gen 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Dresden 
 
 Dr6z'-den 
 
 Saxony 
 
 Dublin 
 
 Dub'-Hn 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Edinburgh 
 
 Ed'-In-bur-ro 
 
 Scotland 
 
 Genoa 
 
 Jen'-6-a 
 
 Italy 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 Glas'-go 
 
 Scotland 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Ham-burg 
 
 Germany 
 
 Havana 
 
 Ha-van'-a 
 
 Cuba 
 
 Heidelberg 
 
 Hi'-d'l-burg 
 
 Germany 
 
 Kioto 
 
 K-6'-td 
 
 Japan 
 
 Lisbon 
 
 Llz'-bun 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Lisle 
 
 Lei 
 
 France 
 
 Lucknow 
 
 Luk'-now 
 
 India 
 
 Lyons 
 
 Li'-iinz 
 
 France 
 
 Madrid 
 
 Ma-drld' 
 
 Spain 
 
 Marseilles 
 
 Mar-salz' 
 
 France 
 
 Melbourne 
 
 Mel'-b^rn 
 
 Australia 
 
 Milan 
 
 MMan' 
 
 Italy 
 
 Munich 
 
 Mu'-nlk 
 
 Bavaria 
 
 Nottingham 
 
 Not'-Ing-am 
 
 England 
 
 Odessa 
 
 6-d6s'-sa 
 
 Russia 
 
 Shanghai 
 
 Shang'-ha'-I 
 
 China 
 
 Sheffield 
 
 Sh6f'-feld 
 
 England 
 
 Stockholm 
 
 St6k'-holm 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Sydney 
 
 Sld'-ny 
 
 Australia 
 
 Turin 
 
 Tu'-rln 
 
 Italy 
 
 139 
 
SEVENT 
 
 Y- FIFTH LESSON Abbreviations 
 
 NOTE. Some abbreviations occur only within sentences and should begin with a 
 small letter. When such abbreviations as cts. t f.o.b., amt. t acct., etc., occur within a 
 sentence, use small letters. 
 
 Ans. or ans. 
 
 answer 
 
 viz. 
 
 namely 
 
 St. 
 
 street 
 
 i. e. 
 
 that is 
 
 No. or no. 
 
 number 
 
 e.g. 
 
 for example 
 
 Cts., cts. or O. 
 
 cents 
 
 F.O.B.or.6.b. 
 
 free on board 
 
 A. M. 
 
 forenoon 
 
 ea. 
 
 each 
 
 P.M. 
 
 afternoon 
 
 B/L 
 
 bill of lading 
 
 M. 
 
 noon 
 
 Al 
 
 first-class 
 
 Mr. 
 
 mister 
 
 C. 0. D. 
 
 cash on delivery 
 
 Dr. 
 
 doctor or debtor 
 
 Bal. 
 
 balance 
 
 Or. 
 
 creditor 
 
 Bo. or do. 
 
 ditto (the same) 
 
 Gov. 
 
 governor 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 mistress 
 
 Hon. 
 
 honorable 
 
 Gen. or gen. 
 
 general 
 
 Ex. 
 
 example 
 
 P.O. 
 
 post-office 
 
 Acct. or a/c 
 
 account 
 
 Capt. 
 
 captain 
 
 Amt. or amt. 
 
 amount 
 
 Ed. 
 
 editor 
 
 Int. or int. 
 
 interest 
 
 A.D. 
 
 year of our Lord 
 
 Jr. or jr. 
 
 junior 
 
 Pop. or pop. 
 
 population 
 
 R. R. 
 
 railroad 
 
 Chap. 
 
 chapter 
 
 ult. 
 
 last month 
 
 Pres. | 
 
 president 
 
 inst. 
 
 this month 
 
 Supt. 
 
 superintendent 
 
 prox. 
 
 next month 
 
 Dept. 
 
 department 
 
 P- 
 
 page 
 
 Mem. 
 
 memorandum 
 
 per cent 
 
 by the hundred 
 
 Vol. or vol. 
 
 volume 
 
 <D 
 
 at or to 
 
 Fol. or f ol. 
 
 folio 
 
 Qr. or qr. 
 
 quarter 
 
 Sec. 
 
 secretary 
 
 c/o 
 
 care of 
 
 et al. 
 
 and others 
 
 vs. 
 
 against 
 
 Agt. 
 
 agent 
 
 140 
 
CHAPTER XVI 
 
 A WORD that has been said may sometimes be 
 ** unsaid it is but air but when a deed is done, 
 it cannot be undone, nor can our thoughts reach out 
 to all the mischiefs that may follow. Longfellow. 
 
 141 
 
SEVENTY-SIXTH LESSON Architecture, Building Trades 
 
 "The architect built his great heart into those sculptured stones." Longfellow. 
 
 aisle 
 
 cornice 
 
 jamb 
 
 parquetry 
 
 alcove 
 
 corridor 
 
 joists 
 
 partition 
 
 amphitheater 
 
 courses 
 
 keystone 
 
 pavilion 
 
 architect 
 
 dimensions 
 
 kiln-dried 
 
 pedestal 
 
 architrave 
 
 Doric 
 
 lavatory 
 
 pediment 
 
 ashlar 
 
 engineering 
 
 level 
 
 peristyle 
 
 asphalt 
 
 escutcheon 
 
 lobby 
 
 piazza 
 
 balustrade 
 
 excavation 
 
 loggia 
 
 plastering 
 
 basement 
 
 extension 
 
 longitudinal 
 
 porte-cochere 
 
 bas-relief 
 
 facade 
 
 lumber 
 
 portico 
 
 bridging 
 
 faucet 
 
 macadam 
 
 proscenium 
 
 caisson 
 
 flashing 
 
 mahogany 
 
 quarry 
 
 calcimine 
 
 flues 
 
 mantel 
 
 quoin 
 
 carpentry 
 
 foundation 
 
 masonry 
 
 rabbet 
 
 ceiling 
 
 furring 
 
 molding 
 
 Romanesque 
 
 cement 
 
 gable 
 
 mortar 
 
 rotunda 
 
 chamfered 
 
 gallery 
 
 mortise 
 
 rubble 
 
 clapboards 
 
 galvanized 
 
 mosaic 
 
 scroll 
 
 column 
 
 girders 
 
 mullion 
 
 specification 
 
 composite 
 
 glazing 
 
 newel 
 
 structural 
 
 conduit 
 
 Gothic 
 
 niche 
 
 stucco 
 
 conservatory 
 
 granite 
 
 offset 
 
 suite 
 
 construction 
 
 gravel 
 
 oriel 
 
 transom 
 
 coping 
 
 housing 
 
 ornament 
 
 Tuscan 
 
 Corinthian 
 
 Ionic 
 
 panel 
 
 ventilation 
 
 142 
 
SEVENTY-SEVENTH LESSON Automobil f-^ cle3 - Ga3 
 
 "For they conquer who believe they can." Drjjdcn. 
 
 accumulator 
 acetylene 
 
 cut-off 
 cyclometer 
 
 interchange- 
 table 
 landau 
 
 spanner 
 spark plug 
 
 aluminum 
 
 deflate 
 
 limousine 
 
 sprocket 
 
 ammeter 
 
 detachable 
 
 lubricant 
 
 steering-bar 
 
 armature 
 
 differential 
 
 mechanism 
 
 tabular 
 
 artillery 
 
 eccentric 
 
 multiple 
 
 tandem 
 
 beveled 
 
 elliptic 
 
 non-skidding 
 
 tarpaulin 
 
 bicycle 
 
 enameled 
 
 petrol 
 
 template 
 
 brougham 
 
 en bloc 
 
 pinion 
 
 tenon 
 
 buffer 
 
 exhaust 
 
 piston 
 
 throttle 
 
 carbide 
 
 expansion 
 
 planetary 
 
 thrust 
 
 carbureter 
 centrifugal 
 
 explosion 
 forgings 
 
 pneumatic 
 projector 
 
 tightener 
 tonneau 
 
 chassis 
 
 friction 
 
 puncture 
 
 torque 
 
 chauffeur 
 
 garage 
 
 quadrant 
 
 touring car 
 
 chrome 
 
 gasket 
 
 radiator 
 
 vaporizing 
 
 circuit 
 
 gasoline 
 
 ratchet 
 
 vehicle 
 
 clinch 
 
 goggles 
 
 reflector 
 
 ventilator 
 
 clutch 
 
 grease 
 
 reservoir 
 
 vibration 
 
 coefficient 
 
 hexagon 
 
 rotary 
 
 victoria 
 
 combustion 
 
 ignition 
 
 runabout 
 
 voltage 
 
 commutator 
 
 incandescent 
 
 seamless 
 
 voltmeter 
 
 compression 
 
 induction 
 
 segment 
 
 vulcanized 
 
 condenser 
 
 inflate 
 
 silencer 
 
 water-jacket 
 
 countersunk 
 
 insulator 
 
 socket 
 
 weld 
 
 143 
 
SEVENTY-EIGHTH LESSON-Civil Engineering 
 
 "Our understandings are always liable to error. Nature and certainty are very 
 hard to come at and infallibility is mere vanity and pretense." Marcus Antoninus. 
 
 abutment 
 
 data 
 
 maintenance 
 
 sextant 
 
 air-com- 
 [pressor 
 alignment 
 
 apparatus 
 
 deviation 
 
 disintegra- 
 tion 
 dowel 
 
 malleable 
 material 
 mattress 
 
 shearing 
 siphon 
 sluice 
 
 aqueduct 
 artesian 
 
 drainage 
 ductile 
 
 metallic 
 mortar 
 
 specific 
 [gravity 
 stability 
 
 ballast 
 
 elasticity 
 
 mortise 
 
 statics 
 
 barometer 
 
 engineer 
 
 ordinates 
 
 strut 
 
 Bessemer 
 
 equilibrium 
 
 parabola 
 
 survey 
 
 bituminous 
 
 excavation 
 
 parallel 
 
 suspension 
 
 buttress 
 
 explosives 
 
 perimeter 
 
 tension 
 
 calcareous 
 
 filtration 
 
 pile driver 
 
 thrust 
 
 cantilever 
 
 geodetic 
 
 pillars 
 
 torsion 
 
 carbonate 
 
 girder 
 
 polygon 
 
 traction 
 
 cinders 
 
 gradient 
 
 pontoon 
 
 tramway 
 
 channel 
 
 gravity 
 
 protractor 
 
 transit 
 
 cofferdam 
 
 homogeneous 
 
 puddling 
 
 transverse 
 
 collapse 
 
 horizontal 
 
 quarries 
 
 triangulation 
 
 components 
 concrete 
 
 hydraulic 
 hydrostatic 
 
 reconnais- 
 [sance 
 reservoir 
 
 trigonometry 
 trunnions 
 
 conduits 
 
 impinge 
 
 resilience 
 
 truss 
 
 contour 
 
 inertia 
 
 rigidity 
 
 vertical 
 
 corrugated 
 
 irrigation 
 
 rivet 
 
 viaduct 
 
 crevasse 
 
 laminations 
 
 roller 
 
 vitrified 
 
 culvert 
 
 lateral 
 
 saturate 
 
 zinc 
 
 144 
 
SEVENTY-NINTH LESSON Drygoods Textiles 
 
 "The man who is above his business may one day find his business above him." 
 Drew. 
 
 aigrette 
 
 corduroy 
 
 iridescent 
 
 pique 
 
 a la mode 
 
 corsage 
 
 kersey 
 
 poplin 
 
 Amazon 
 
 cravenette 
 
 khaki 
 
 raglan 
 
 applique 
 
 crepon 
 
 lingerie 
 
 ruching 
 
 armure 
 
 cretonne 
 
 Macintosh 
 
 selvage 
 
 baize 
 
 damask 
 
 madras 
 
 serge 
 
 balbriggan 
 
 decollete 
 
 Manila 
 
 serpentine 
 
 balmoral 
 
 delineator 
 
 mauve 
 
 shoddy 
 
 batiste 
 
 dimity 
 
 melange 
 
 Sicilian 
 
 bedticking 
 
 denim 
 
 mercerize 
 
 silesia 
 
 bobbinet 
 
 doeskin 
 
 merino 
 
 singeing 
 
 buckram 
 
 etamine 
 
 milliner 
 
 skein 
 
 camel's-hair 
 
 fagoting 
 
 modiste 
 
 taffeta 
 
 cardigan 
 
 featherbone 
 
 mohair 
 
 tarlatan 
 
 cassimere 
 
 fibrilia 
 
 moire 
 
 textile 
 
 cassock 
 
 fichu 
 
 moirette 
 
 trousers 
 
 celluloid 
 
 Florentine 
 
 moleskin 
 
 tulle 
 
 challis 
 
 frieze 
 
 moreen 
 
 tweed 
 
 chambray 
 
 gobelin 
 
 nainsook 
 
 upholstery 
 
 chamois 
 
 grenadine 
 
 negligee 
 
 valance 
 
 chenille 
 
 guipure 
 
 organdie 
 
 valentia 
 
 cheviot 
 
 haberdasher 
 
 pajamas 
 
 velours 
 
 chevron 
 
 Henrietta 
 
 penang 
 
 whalebone 
 
 chinchilla 
 
 herringbone 
 
 percale 
 
 worsted 
 
 chintz 
 
 interlining 
 
 pinafore 
 
 zephyr 
 
 145 
 
EIGHTIETH L E S S O N-Electrical 
 
 John Ruskin says: *' Words as well as persons have an ancestry; and some words 
 have in their veins the blood of lions. One of these words is liberty." 
 
 accumulator 
 
 countershaft 
 
 impedance 
 
 rectifier 
 
 alternating 
 
 demagnetize 
 
 incandescence 
 
 residual 
 
 amalgamation 
 
 depolarizer 
 
 inductance 
 
 resultant 
 
 ammeter 
 
 diffractive 
 
 induction coil 
 
 rheostat 
 
 ampere 
 
 dynamometer 
 
 inductivity 
 
 saturation 
 
 amperemeter; 
 
 dynamos 
 
 kilowatt 
 
 simplex 
 
 annular 
 
 electrode 
 
 kinetic 
 
 single-phase 
 
 anode 
 
 electrodynamic 
 
 luminescence 
 
 solenoid 
 
 anti-parallel 
 
 electrolier 
 
 luminometer 
 
 spherical 
 
 armature 
 
 electrolysis 
 
 Marconi 
 
 step-down 
 
 asbestos 
 
 electrometer 
 
 microphone 
 
 switchboard 
 
 bimetallic 
 Bunsen 
 
 electro-motive 
 force (E.M.F.) 
 electropolar 
 
 millimeter 
 milliampere 
 
 synchronous 
 tangential 
 
 calibration 
 
 electrostatic 
 
 millivolt 
 
 thermo-electric 
 
 calorimeter 
 candle-power 
 
 electro- 
 therapeutics 
 equalizer 
 
 multipolar 
 non- arcing 
 
 thermostat 
 torque 
 
 cathode 
 
 exciter 
 
 non-conductor 
 
 transformer 
 
 centrifugal 
 
 Faradie 
 
 ohmic 
 
 tungsten 
 
 coefficient 
 
 Faure 
 
 ohmmeter 
 
 vitrified 
 
 coherer 
 
 filament 
 
 reactance 
 
 voltage 
 
 commutator 
 compensator 
 
 five-phase 
 system 
 fuse blocks 
 
 permeance 
 platinum 
 
 volt- ampere 
 watt 
 
 concentric 
 
 galvanic 
 
 polarity 
 
 wattmeter 
 
 conduit 
 
 gassing 
 
 polarization 
 
 Westinghouse 
 
 controller 
 
 gutta-percha 
 
 polyphase 
 
 X-ray 
 
 146 
 
CHAPTER XVII 
 
 question for each man to settle is not what 
 he would do if he had the means, time, influ- 
 ence and educational advantages; the question is 
 what he will do with the things he has. The mo- 
 ment a young man ceases to dream or to bemoan 
 his lack of opportunities and resolutely looks his 
 conditions in the face, and resolves to change them, 
 he lays the corner-stone of a solid and honorable 
 success. Hamilton Wright Mabie. 
 
 147 
 
EIGHTY-FIRST LESSON Furniture and Carpets 
 
 "Pedantry consists in the use of words unsuitable to the time, place and company." 
 Coleridge. 
 
 adjustable 
 
 davenport 
 
 mattress 
 
 reversible 
 
 antique 
 
 decorated 
 
 mission 
 
 Rococo 
 
 Antwerp 
 
 divan 
 
 mohair 
 
 rustic 
 
 Axminster 
 
 elaborately 
 
 moquette 
 
 seasoned 
 
 bamboo 
 
 enamel 
 
 moldings 
 
 sectional 
 
 bird's-eye 
 
 escritoire 
 
 oriental 
 
 settee 
 
 maple 
 
 
 
 
 brocatelle 
 
 excelsior 
 
 Ostermoor 
 
 sideboard 
 
 Brussels 
 
 fabrikoid 
 
 ottoman 
 
 Smyrna 
 
 buffet 
 
 Flemish 
 
 oxidized 
 
 spindlesj 
 
 burlap 
 
 flexible 
 
 panels 
 
 spiral 
 
 cane-seat 
 
 furniture 
 
 partition 
 
 suite 
 
 caster 
 
 hassock 
 
 pedestal 
 
 tabourette 
 
 cheval 
 
 helical springs 
 
 perambulator 
 
 tapestry 
 
 chiffonier 
 
 ingrain 
 
 pillars 
 
 upholstered 
 
 Chippendale 
 
 Japanese 
 
 plaited 
 
 velours 
 
 china-closet 
 
 jardiniere 
 
 polished 
 
 veneer 
 
 colonial 
 
 knock-down 
 
 princess 
 
 Vernis Martin 
 
 commode 
 
 lacquer 
 
 quarter-sawed 
 
 wardrobe 
 
 corduroy 
 
 linoleum 
 
 ratchet 
 
 warp 
 
 corrugated 
 
 locust 
 
 rattan 
 
 waterproof 
 
 Crex 
 
 lounge 
 
 reed-seat 
 
 weathered 
 
 cupboard 
 
 luster 
 
 refrigerator 
 
 willow ware 
 
 curtain 
 
 malleable 
 
 reinforced 
 
 Wilton 
 
 
 iron 
 
 
 
 cushion 
 
 mantel 
 
 renovate 
 
 worsted 
 
 damask 
 
 matting 
 
 resilient 
 
 woven 
 
 148 
 
EIGHTY-SECOND L E S S O N-Groceries 
 
 "The importunities and perplexities of business are softness and luxury compared 
 with the incessant cravings of vacancy and the unsatisfactory expedients of idleness." 
 Johnson. 
 
 allspice 
 
 cinnamon 
 
 lentils 
 
 rhubarb 
 
 almond 
 
 citron 
 
 lettuce 
 
 Roquefort 
 
 ammonia 
 
 cocoa 
 
 Limburger 
 
 salad 
 
 apricot 
 
 cognac 
 
 macaroni 
 
 Santos 
 
 asparagus 
 
 cordials 
 
 macaroons 
 
 sardines 
 
 banana 
 
 corn starch 
 
 mackerel 
 
 sauerkraut 
 
 biscuit 
 
 creamery 
 
 malaga 
 
 Sauternes 
 
 bluing 
 
 crystallized 
 
 mangoes 
 
 sorghum 
 
 bologna 
 
 culinary 
 
 mayonnaise 
 
 spaghetti 
 
 butterine 
 
 diabetic 
 
 Mocha 
 
 spinach 
 
 Camembert 
 
 evaporated 
 
 molasses 
 
 succotash 
 
 candied 
 
 farina 
 
 mulligatawny 
 
 syrup 
 
 cantaloupe 
 
 flavoring 
 
 mushrooms 
 
 tamarind 
 
 caramel 
 
 gelatin 
 
 mustard 
 
 tangerine 
 
 Castile 
 
 gherkin 
 
 noodles 
 
 tapioca 
 
 cauliflower 
 
 glucose 
 
 paprika 
 
 terrapin 
 
 caviar 
 
 grapefruit 
 
 peanut butter 
 
 tomatoes 
 
 cayenne 
 
 Guatemala 
 
 persimmon 
 
 vanilla 
 
 cereal 
 
 guava 
 
 phosphate 
 
 vegetables 
 
 Ceylon 
 
 haddies 
 
 pimentos 
 
 vermicelli 
 
 cheese 
 
 halibut 
 
 preserves 
 
 vinegar 
 
 champagne 
 
 horseradish 
 
 pretzels 
 
 walnut 
 
 chicory 
 
 imperial 
 
 radish 
 
 Yarmouth 
 
 chocolate 
 
 Java 
 
 raisins 
 
 yeast 
 
 chow-chow 
 
 kerosene 
 
 raspberries 
 
 Young Hyson 
 
 149 
 
EIGHTY-THIRD LESSON-Lumber-Mill Work 
 
 "Our grand business is not to see what lies dimly in the distance, but to do what 
 lies closely to hand." Carlyle. 
 
 base-board 
 
 dressed 
 
 loblolly 
 
 sawed 
 
 beveled 
 
 drop-siding 
 
 lumber 
 
 seasoned 
 
 bevel slab 
 
 estimate 
 
 mahogany 
 
 second-class 
 
 birch 
 
 fencing 
 
 maple 
 
 shakes 
 
 bird's-eye 
 
 first-class 
 
 molding 
 
 shingles 
 
 blinds 
 
 flooring 
 
 mortise 
 
 ship-lap 
 
 bone-dry 
 
 framing 
 
 newel 
 
 siding 
 
 bridging 
 
 fretwork 
 
 nosing 
 
 sizing 
 
 carload 
 
 Georgia pine 
 
 ogee 
 
 slaps 
 
 cartage 
 
 girders 
 
 Oregon pine 
 
 sound 
 
 casing 
 
 grooved 
 
 panel 
 
 Southern pine 
 
 cedar 
 
 hand-rail 
 
 parquetry 
 
 spar 
 
 ceiling 
 
 hardwood 
 
 partition 
 
 specifications 
 
 cherry 
 
 hauling 
 
 peeled 
 
 tallied 
 
 chestnut 
 
 heart-face 
 
 planed 
 
 teakwood 
 
 clapboards 
 
 hemlock 
 
 plank 
 
 tenon 
 
 clear 
 
 hickory 
 
 plastering lath 
 
 timber 
 
 column 
 
 interior-finish 
 
 poles 
 
 tongued 
 
 crossgrained 
 
 jointed stock 
 
 poplar 
 
 transom 
 
 culls 
 
 joists 
 
 quarter-sawed 
 
 veneering 
 
 cypress 
 
 kiln-dry 
 
 rafters 
 
 walnut 
 
 diameter 
 
 knotted 
 
 red oak 
 
 weather-strip 
 
 dimension 
 [stuff 
 double- 
 [dressed 
 dovetail 
 
 lattice 
 level 
 lip mold 
 
 redwood 
 rosewood 
 sash 
 
 white oak 
 white pine 
 yellow pine 
 
 150 
 
EIGHTY-FOURTH LESSON Publishing, Printing, Advertising 
 
 "A man should never be ashamed to own that he has been in the wrong, which is 
 but saying in other words that he is wiser to-day than he was yesterday." Pope. 
 
 advertiser 
 
 editorial 
 
 literature 
 
 printer 
 
 agate 
 
 8-point 
 
 lithograph 
 
 proof-reader 
 
 author 
 
 electrotype 
 
 lithotint 
 
 proof-sheet 
 
 binding 
 
 embossing 
 
 lower-case 
 
 quadrats 
 
 booklet 
 
 envelopes 
 
 magazine 
 
 quarter-page 
 
 bourgeois 
 
 etchings 
 
 make -ready 
 
 quarto 
 
 brevier 
 
 folding 
 
 manuscript 
 
 quoins 
 
 bristol-board 
 
 folio 
 
 margin 
 
 register 
 
 calendar 
 
 font 
 
 minion 
 
 reporter 
 
 carbon 
 
 foolscap 
 
 monotype 
 
 roan 
 
 caret 
 
 foreword 
 
 mucilage 
 
 stereotype 
 
 catalog 
 
 frontispiece 
 
 newspaper 
 
 stipple 
 
 Clarendon 
 
 furniture 
 
 nonpareil 
 
 style-book 
 
 composition 
 
 galley 
 
 novel 
 
 subscriber 
 
 compositor 
 contributor 
 
 galley-proof 
 half-tone 
 
 octavo 
 off-set 
 
 three-color 
 [process 
 title-page 
 
 copy 
 
 head-line 
 
 page-proof 
 
 transpose 
 
 copyright 
 
 illustration 
 
 pamphlet 
 
 type-founder 
 
 cutting 
 
 insertion 
 
 paper-stock 
 
 type-metal 
 
 de luxe 
 
 italics 
 
 paragraph 
 
 typography 
 
 demy 
 
 journalist 
 
 parchment 
 
 upper-case 
 
 diphthong 
 
 justifying 
 
 photo-engrave 
 
 vellum 
 
 display 
 
 ligature 
 
 pica 
 
 vignette 
 
 edition 
 
 line-drawing 
 
 pressman 
 
 volume 
 
 editor 
 
 linotype 
 
 primer 
 
 zinc 
 
 151 
 
EIGHTY. FIFTH L E S S O N-Machinery 
 
 "The more we do, the more we can do; the more busy we are, the more leisure we 
 have." Hazlitt. 
 
 adz 
 
 cotter 
 
 hematite 
 
 plunger 
 
 anneal 
 
 counterpoise 
 
 hexagon 
 
 proportional 
 
 annular 
 
 coupler 
 
 horse-power 
 
 reamer 
 
 anvil 
 
 crane 
 
 hydraulic 
 
 resilience 
 
 articulation 
 
 crucible 
 
 inertia 
 
 resinous 
 
 atmospheric 
 
 curvilinear 
 
 intermittent 
 
 riffler 
 
 axial 
 
 cycloidal 
 
 involute 
 
 riveter 
 
 axis 
 
 cylindrical 
 
 joggle 
 
 shank 
 
 ballistic 
 
 diameter 
 
 junk-ring 
 
 skew-gear 
 
 bascule 
 
 dimension 
 
 kinematics 
 
 spherical 
 
 blue -print 
 
 disk 
 
 kinetic 
 
 sprocket 
 
 braze 
 
 distributory 
 
 laminated 
 
 superheated 
 
 broach 
 
 eccentric 
 
 lever 
 
 swivel 
 
 burnisher 
 
 emery 
 
 linchpin 
 
 tenon-saw 
 
 bushing 
 
 equaling 
 
 longitudinal 
 
 tensile 
 
 calipers 
 
 equatorial 
 
 lubricity 
 
 torsion 
 
 case-harden 
 
 flexure 
 
 manometer 
 
 turbine 
 
 castellated 
 
 fulcrum 
 
 miter 
 
 vacuum 
 
 centrifugal 
 
 gasket 
 
 momentum 
 
 velocity 
 
 centripetal 
 
 gearing 
 
 multiplex 
 
 veneer-saw 
 
 chute 
 
 governor 
 
 nozzle 
 
 volute 
 
 circumference 
 
 graphite 
 
 orifice 
 
 whetstone 
 
 compressible 
 
 gravity 
 
 oscillating ^ 
 
 winch 
 
 Corliss 
 
 gudgeon 
 
 pawl 
 
 wrench 
 
 corrugated 
 
 helical 
 
 piston 
 
 zinc 
 
 152 
 
CHAPTER XVIII 
 
 T ABOR is life! The still water faileth; 
 
 * ' Idleness ever despaireth, bewalleth; 
 
 Keep the watch wound, for the dark rust assaileth; 
 
 Flowers droop and die in the stillness of noon. 
 Labor is glory! The flying cloud lightens; 
 Only the waving wing changes and brightens; 
 Idle hearts only the dark future frightens; 
 
 Play the sweet keys wouldst thou keep them in 
 tune. 
 
 Francis Osgood. 
 
 153 
 
EIGHTY-SIXTH L E S S O N Railroading 
 
 "The world is a great book of which they who never stir from home read only a 
 page. " Augustine. 
 
 accommoda- 
 tion 
 acetylene 
 
 construction 
 Corliss 
 
 Jessop 
 jib crane 
 
 siding 
 snow-plow 
 
 air brake 
 angle bars 
 
 coupler 
 developing 
 
 knuckles 
 lap-welded 
 
 standard 
 [gauge 
 stay-bolt 
 
 arc light 
 
 dining-car 
 
 liabilities 
 
 steel 
 
 auditor 
 
 dividends 
 
 liquefying 
 
 storage 
 
 baggage 
 
 double-track 
 
 locomotive 
 
 structural 
 
 Baldwin 
 billets 
 
 draw-bar 
 Edison 
 
 lubricant 
 machine shop 
 
 superintend- 
 [ent 
 tariff 
 
 block-signal 
 box car 
 
 encumbrance 
 equipment 
 
 Merchants 
 [Despatch 
 motive-power 
 
 telegraph 
 terminal 
 
 brake beam 
 
 flagman 
 
 motor 
 
 terminus 
 
 brakeman 
 
 foreman 
 
 negotiable 
 
 tie-plate 
 
 broad-gage 
 
 forgings 
 
 piston 
 
 ties 
 
 caboose 
 
 gas-tank 
 
 pivoted 
 
 torpedo 
 
 cane fabric 
 capacity 
 casings 
 
 gang 
 girder 
 gondola car 
 
 preferred 
 [stock 
 pressure 
 [gauge 
 refrigerator 
 
 trackage 
 traffic 
 train-master 
 
 channel 
 collision 
 commuter 
 
 grading 
 hydraulic 
 icing 
 
 reorganiza- 
 tion 
 riveting 
 
 round-house 
 
 transmission 
 
 transporta- 
 [tion 
 tubular 
 
 compressor 
 
 ingot 
 
 schedule 
 
 turntable 
 
 concrete 
 
 insulated 
 
 seamless 
 
 vestibule 
 
 conductor 
 
 interurban 
 
 securities 
 
 viaduct 
 
 consolidated 
 
 jackscrew 
 
 semaphore 
 
 yards 
 
 154 
 
EIGHTY-SEVENTH LESSON-Real Estate-Insurance 
 
 "A great war leaves the country with three armies an army of rebels, an army of 
 mourners, and an army of thieves." German Proverb. 
 
 abstract 
 
 fireproof 
 
 mortgagee 
 
 sewer 
 
 adjuster 
 
 first-mortgage 
 
 non-resident 
 
 site 
 
 adjustment 
 allotment 
 
 foreclose 
 foundation 
 
 notary 
 occupancy 
 
 situated 
 solicitor 
 
 appurte- 
 [nances 
 architect 
 
 frontage 
 gilt-edged 
 
 orchard 
 ordinance 
 
 specifications 
 subdivision 
 
 bench-land 
 
 grantee 
 
 parcel 
 
 sublease 
 
 beneficiary 
 
 grantor 
 
 partition 
 
 suburban 
 
 bonafide 
 
 guarantee 
 
 partnership 
 
 surrender 
 
 cancellation 
 
 highway 
 
 payable 
 
 survey 
 
 casualty 
 
 hydrant 
 
 personalty 
 
 syndicate 
 
 chattels 
 
 improvement 
 
 picturesque 
 
 taxes 
 
 concrete 
 
 incontestable 
 
 plat 
 
 tenant 
 
 conservator 
 
 indemnity 
 
 premium 
 
 terrace 
 
 convertible 
 
 interior 
 
 probate 
 
 timber claim 
 
 conveyance 
 
 installment 
 
 purchaser 
 
 tontine 
 
 curb-stone 
 delinquent 
 depreciate 
 
 irrigation 
 itemize 
 landlord 
 
 quitclaim 
 [deed 
 quarter- 
 [section 
 real estate 
 
 tornado 
 transaction 
 trespass 
 
 drainage 
 
 lavatory 
 
 realty 
 
 trust deed 
 
 encumbrance 
 
 lease 
 
 receivership 
 
 trustee 
 
 estate 
 expiring 
 
 lien 
 liquidate 
 
 reserve fund 
 reversionary 
 
 twenty- 
 [payment 
 two -family 
 
 exposure 
 
 mantel 
 
 riparian 
 
 vacant 
 
 exterior 
 
 mortgage 
 
 semi-factory 
 
 warranty* 
 
 155 
 
EIGHTY-EIGHTH L E S S O N-Hardware 
 
 "The more business a man has to do, the more he is able to accomplish; for he 
 learns to economize his time." Judge Hale. 
 
 agate ware 
 
 clevises 
 
 harrow teeth 
 
 pumice 
 
 andirons 
 
 colander 
 
 hedge shears 
 
 rabbet-planes 
 
 asbestos 
 
 compasses 
 
 hinges 
 
 reamers 
 
 auger 
 
 corrugated 
 
 holsters 
 
 rebounding 
 
 Babbitt metal 
 
 countersinks 
 
 horizontal 
 
 refrigerators 
 
 balances 
 
 crosscut 
 
 implement 
 
 reloaders 
 
 barbed wire 
 
 currycombs 
 
 japanned 
 
 retinned 
 
 barometers 
 
 cutlery 
 
 laminated 
 
 scabbards 
 
 bevels 
 
 Damascus 
 
 latches 
 
 scythe 
 
 bevel square 
 
 disks 
 
 malleable 
 
 seines 
 
 biscuit cutters 
 
 doubletree 
 
 manicure 
 
 sieve 
 
 bitstock 
 
 emery 
 
 Manila paper 
 
 solder 
 
 boring 
 [machine 
 breastchains 
 
 enameled 
 escutcheons 
 
 mattock 
 mauls 
 
 steelyards 
 studs 
 
 breech- 
 loading 
 broadax 
 
 extinguishers 
 felly (or) felloe 
 
 miter-squares 
 mortises 
 
 swages 
 swivels 
 
 butts 
 
 ferrules 
 
 nickel-plated 
 
 tarpaulins 
 
 buttresses 
 caliber 
 
 galvanized 
 gauges 
 
 nipple 
 octagon 
 
 trammel 
 [points 
 tripods 
 
 calipers 
 
 gimlets 
 
 percussion 
 
 trowels 
 
 canister 
 chafing-dish 
 
 glaziers' 
 [points 
 goggles 
 
 perforated 
 pincers 
 
 tubing 
 tureens 
 
 chamfer 
 
 gridiron 
 
 primers 
 
 tweezers 
 
 chandelier 
 
 names 
 
 protractors 
 
 whiffletree 
 
 chisels 
 
 hame clips 
 
 pulleys 
 
 Yankee 
 calipers 
 
 156 
 
EIGHTY-NINTH LESSON-Mining 
 
 "Work is only done well when it is done with a will." Ruskin. 
 
 agate 
 
 bullion 
 
 fissure 
 
 manganese 
 
 affinity 
 
 cache 
 
 flume 
 
 matrix 
 
 aggregated 
 
 calcareous 
 
 flux 
 
 mercury 
 
 alloy 
 
 calcite 
 
 forfeiture 
 
 metallurgy 
 
 alluvium. 
 
 cannel coal 
 
 fossil 
 
 mineralogy 
 
 amalgam 
 ampelite 
 
 canon 
 (can-yun) 
 carbonate 
 
 galena 
 galvanize 
 
 nodule 
 nugget 
 
 an de site 
 
 carboniferous 
 
 garnet 
 
 onyx 
 
 anglesite 
 
 cinnabar 
 
 glacial 
 
 oxide 
 
 anthracite 
 
 clean-up 
 
 glacier 
 
 placer 
 
 antimony 
 
 cleavage 
 
 grubstake 
 
 porphyry 
 
 arehimedean 
 
 cobalt 
 
 gulch 
 
 precipitate 
 
 assaying 
 
 concrete 
 
 gypsum 
 
 pyrites 
 
 assessment 
 
 conduit 
 
 hematite 
 
 quartz 
 
 attrition 
 
 corundum 
 
 hydraulic 
 
 quartzito 
 
 auriferous 
 
 crevice 
 
 igneous 
 
 ravine 
 
 azurite 
 
 crosscut 
 
 indurated 
 
 refractory 
 
 basalt 
 
 crucible 
 
 iridium 
 
 riffles 
 
 base-metal 
 
 cyanide 
 
 jasper 
 
 silica 
 
 bismuth 
 
 debris 
 
 jigger 
 
 sluice 
 
 bitumen 
 
 diggings 
 
 kaolin 
 
 stope 
 
 blende 
 
 disintegrated 
 
 lava 
 
 superficial 
 
 bonanza 
 
 erosion 
 
 lignite 
 
 tailings 
 
 boulders 
 
 fault 
 
 litharge 
 
 triturate 
 
 brazing 
 
 feldspar 
 
 malachite 
 
 vitreous 
 
 157 
 
NINETIETH L E S S O N- Agriculture 
 
 "The chains of habit are generally too small to be felt till they are too strong to be 
 broken . ' ' Johnson. 
 
 agriculture 
 
 fallow 
 
 irrigation 
 
 seepage 
 
 agronomy 
 
 farm-hands 
 
 Jersey 
 
 separator 
 
 alfalfa 
 
 fencing 
 
 lateral 
 
 shearing 
 
 alluvial 
 
 fertilizer 
 
 leveling 
 
 sheaves 
 
 asparagus 
 
 fleece 
 
 loamy 
 
 slaughter 
 
 berries 
 
 fodder 
 
 lucern 
 
 sowing 
 
 buckwheat 
 
 forest reserve 
 
 market 
 
 spading 
 
 canals 
 
 ginning 
 
 marshy 
 
 spinach 
 
 cattle 
 
 gooseberry 
 
 meadow 
 
 spraying 
 
 celery 
 
 grading 
 
 miller 
 
 sterile 
 
 checkreins 
 
 grafting 
 
 motor-plow 
 
 stubble 
 
 clayey 
 
 granary 
 
 onion 
 
 stumpy 
 
 clover 
 
 grazing 
 
 orchard 
 
 sugar beets 
 
 contract 
 
 grinder 
 
 packing 
 
 surcingle 
 
 cornstalk 
 
 hard wheat 
 
 pasture 
 
 tenant 
 
 cotton gin 
 
 harness 
 
 phosphate 
 
 thresher 
 
 cranberry 
 
 harrow 
 
 planter 
 
 timothy 
 
 cultivator 
 
 hayrake 
 
 plateau 
 
 traction 
 
 currants 
 
 hayrick 
 
 plowshare 
 
 tugs 
 
 dairy 
 
 hedge 
 
 poultry 
 
 valley 
 
 derrick 
 
 herder 
 
 prairie 
 
 vehicle 
 
 ditches 
 
 Hereford 
 
 productive 
 
 wagon 
 
 drainage 
 
 homestead 
 
 raspberry 
 
 water right 
 
 dry farm 
 
 horticulture 
 
 reaper 
 
 windmill 
 
 Durham 
 
 incubator 
 
 rocky 
 
 wool 
 
 158 
 
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISE ON WORDS 
 DIFFICULT TO PRONOUNCE 
 
 This short story, from the Detroit Free Press, contains most of the common words 
 ordinarily mispronounced by even educated people. It affords a valuable drill in both 
 spelling and pronunciation. It is suggested that a list of the words be prepared by 
 the student, and the correct pronunciation, obtained from the dictionary. An oral 
 test may then be given on pronunciation, followed by a written test in spelling. 
 
 GEOFFREY 
 
 Geoffrey, surnamed Wiuthrop, sat in the depot at Chicago, waiting 
 for his train and reading the Tribune, when a squadron of street 
 Arabs (incomparable for squalor) thronged from a neighboring alley, 
 uttering hideous cries, accompanied by inimitable gestures of heinous 
 exultation, as they tortured a humble black and tan dog. 
 
 " You little blackguards ! " cried Winthrop, stepping outside and 
 confronting them, adding the inquiry, "Whose dog is that?" 
 
 "That audacious Caucasian has the bravado to interfere with our 
 clique," tauntingly shrieked the indisputable little ruffian, exhibiting 
 combativeness. 
 
 " What will you take for him ? " asked the lenient Geoffrey, ignor- 
 ing the venial tirade. 
 
 " Twenty-seven cents," piquantly answered the ribald urchin, 
 grabbing the crouching dog by the nape. 
 
 "You can buy licorice and share with the indecorous coadjutors 
 of your condemnable cruelty," said Winthrop, paying the price and 
 taking the dog from the -child. Then, catching up his valise and um- 
 brella, he hastened to his train. Winthrop satisfied himself that his 
 sleek prote'ge* was not wounded, and then cleaned the cement from 
 the pretty collar and read these words : 
 
 " Leicester. Licensed, No. 1880." 
 
 Hearing the pronunciation of his name, the docile canine ex- 
 pressed gratitude and pleasure, and then sank exhausted at his new 
 patron's feet and slept. 
 
 Among the passengers was a magazine contributor, writing vaga- 
 ries of Indian literature, also two physicians, a somber, irrevocable, 
 irrefragable allopathist, and a genial homeopathist, who made a 
 specialty of bronchitis. Two peremptory attorneys from the legis- 
 lature of Iowa were discussing the politics of the epoch and the 
 details of national finance, while a wan, dolorous person wearing con- 
 
 159 
 
GEOFFREY 
 
 cave glasses alternately ate trochees and almonds for a sedative, and 
 sought condolence in a high, lamentable treble from a lethargic and 
 somewhat deaf and enervated comrade not yet acclimated. Near three 
 exemplary brethren (probably sinecurists) sat a group of humorous 
 youths, and a jocose sailor (lately from Asia) in a blouse waist and 
 tarpaulin hat, was amusing his patriotic juvenile listeners by relating 
 a series of the most extraordinary legends extant, suggested by the 
 contents of the knapsack, which he was calmly and leisurely arrang- 
 ing in a pyramidal form on a three-legged stool. Above swung fig- 
 ured placards with museum and lyceum advertisements, too verbose 
 to be misconstrued. 
 
 A mature matron of medium height and her comely daughter soon 
 entered the car and took seats in front of Winthrop (who recalled 
 having seen them one Tuesday in February in the parquet of a 
 theater). The young lady had recently made her debut into society 
 at a musical soire*e at her aunt's. She had an exquisite bouquet of 
 flowers that exhaled sweet perfume. She said to her parent: 
 "Mamma, shall we ever find my lost Leicester?" 
 
 Geoffrey immediately addressed her, saying as he presented his 
 card: 
 
 " Pardon my apparent intrusiveness ; but prithee, have you lost a 
 pet dog?" 
 
 The explanation that he had been stolen was scarcely necessary, 
 for Leicester, just awakening, vehemently expressed his inexplicable 
 joy by buoyantly vibrating between the two like the sounding lever 
 used in telegraphy (for to neither of them would he show partiality), 
 till, succumbing to ennui, he purported to take a recess, and sat on 
 his haunches, complaisantly contemplating his friends. It was truly 
 an interesting picture. 
 
 They reached their destination ere the sun was beneath the hori- 
 zon. Often during the summer Winthrop gallantly rowed from the 
 quay with the naive and blithe Beatrice in her jaunty yachting suit, 
 but no coquetry shone from the depths of her azure eyes. Little 
 Less, their jocund confidant and courier (who was as sagacious as a 
 spaniel ) , always attended them on these occasions, and whene'er they 
 rambled through the woodland paths. While the band played strains 
 from Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Bach, and others, they promenaded the 
 long corridors of the hotel. And one evening, as Beatrice lighted the 
 gas by the e"tagere in her charming boudoir in their suite of rooms, 
 there glistened brilliantly a valuable solitaire diamond on her finger. 
 
 Let us look into the future for the sequel to perfect this romance, 
 and around a cheerful hearth we see again Geoffrey and Beatrice, 
 who are paying due homage to their tiny friend Leicester. 
 
 160 
 
INDEX 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Abbreviations of Names of States 134 
 
 Advertising, Words used in 151 
 
 Agriculture, Words used in 158 
 
 Antonyms .83, 84, 85 
 
 Architecture, Words used in 142 
 
 Automobile Business, Words used in 143 
 
 Bicycle Business, Words used in 143 
 
 Building Trades, Words used in 142 
 
 Business, W rds used in 100 > 102 104 106 > 110 112 > 114 116 
 
 Carpet Business, Words used in 148 
 
 Chapter Pages 7, 17, 27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77, 83, 89, 99, 109, 119, 129, 
 
 135, 141, 147, 153 
 
 Cities of the United States 136 
 
 Cities, Names of difficult to spell 138, 139 
 
 Commercial Abbreviations 140 
 
 Commercial Terms 120, 122, 124, 126 
 
 Derivative Words 40 
 
 Discriminated Words 68, 70, 72, 74 
 
 Dry Goods Business, Words used in 1 145 
 
 E before 1 28 
 
 Electrical Industry, Words used in 146 
 
 English Suffixes 45 
 
 French Suffixes 45 
 
 French Words 130 
 
 Furniture Business, Words used in 148 
 
 Gas Engine Manufacture, Words used in 143 
 
 " Geoffrey," a story 159, 160 
 
 Greek Suffixes 45 
 
 Grocery Business, Words used in 149 
 
 Guide to Pronunciation 5 
 
 Hardware Business, Words used in 156 
 
 Homophonous Words 48, 50, 52, 54, 58, 60, 62, 64 
 
 Hyphen, When used . 131, 132 
 
 Hyphen, When not used 133 
 
 I before E 28 
 
 Insurance Business, Words used in 155 
 
 Largest Cities in the World, Names of 138, 139 
 
 Latin Words and Phrasesf , 130 
 
 Latin Prefixes 43 
 
 Latin Suffixes 44 
 
 Law, Words used in 90, 92, 94, 96 
 
 Lumber Business, Words used in 150 
 
 Machinery Manufacture, Words used in 152 
 
 Mill Work, Words used in 150 
 
 161 
 
INDEX 
 
 Mining, Words used in 157 
 
 Names and Abbreviations of States 134 
 
 Names of Cities Difficult to Spell ; . . 137 
 
 Plural Forms 79, 80, 81 
 
 Possessive Forms 78 
 
 Prefixes, English ...... ^ 42 
 
 Prefixes, Greek , 42 
 
 Prefixes, Latin 43 
 
 Printing Business, Words used in 151 
 
 Publishing Business, Words used in 151 
 
 KM il road Business; Words used in > . . 154 
 
 Real Estate Business. Words used in 155 
 
 Review and General Exercises 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, 76, 82, 88, 98, 
 
 108, 118, 128 
 
 Rules for spelling 6, 34, 38, 40 
 
 S having the sound of Z 30 
 
 Short words commonly misspelled. . . .4, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, IS, 19 
 
 States, Abbreviations for names of 134 
 
 Suffixes defined 22, 24, 32 
 
 Suffixes, English 45 
 
 Suffixes, French 45 
 
 Suffixes, Greek 45 
 
 Suffixes, Latin . . . 44 
 
 Textile Industry, Words used in 145 
 
 Words having long I in the last syllable 20, 21 
 
 Words of Opposite Meaning 83, 84, 85 
 
 Words Often Mispronounced 86, 87, 88, 159, 160 
 
 Words used in Agriculture 158 
 
 " Architecture and Building Trades. ............ 142 
 
 Automobile, Bicycle and Gas Engine Manufacture 143 
 
 Business 100, 102, 104, 106, 110, 112, 114, 116 
 
 Civil Engineering 144 
 
 Dry Goods 145 
 
 Electrical Work 146 
 
 Furniture and Carpet Business 148 
 
 Grocery Business 149 
 
 Hardware Business 156 
 
 Insurance Business . . 155 
 
 Law 90, 92, 94, 96 
 
 Lumber and Mill Work Industry 150 
 
 Machinery Manufacture 152 
 
 Mining Industry 157 
 
 Printing, Publishing, Advertising 151 
 
 Railroad Business 154 
 
 Real Estate Business 155 
 
 162 
 
- 
 
 WILL INCREASE TO S bS N T E PEN *-TY 
 AY AND TO ^o ON THF = E F URTH 
 OVERDUE E SEVENTH DAY 
 
 SEP 11 
 
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 I90c'56JL. 
 
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