VÇrNRLF B i^ 05? bSb :J r "^y'i-^.yr '^ :?-..■;'• EU LIBRARY OF THE University of California. Gl FT OF L4b5 THE SOURCES OF THE Anglo-French Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon CONTAINED IN Manuscript 24862 (fonds français) of the Bibliothèque Nationale of Paris. Dissertation accepted by the philosophical faculty of the University of Strassburg for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, July I, 1905. BY iRViLLE Charles LeCompte THE SOURCES OF THE Anglo-French Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon contained in Manuscript 24862 (fonds français) of the B1BUOTHÈQUE Nationale of Paris. Dissertation accepted by the philosophical faculty of the University of Strassburg for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Jnly I, 1905. BY iRviLLE Charles LeCompte Thompson Brothers, Coivl,EGEVII,I.F,, Pa. 1906. I B5 }H^ To Professor Oscar Kuhns 1(>244H Introduction OF -■, S^AL'f(, In his description and discussion of manuscript No. 24862 (fonds français) of the Bibliothèque nationale of Paris/ M. Paul Meyer has spoken at some length of the first article contained in that manuscript, a commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon in Anglo-Norman French, and has expressed the opinion that this is an original work and not a translation from the Latin. M. Meyer states in his dis- cussion that the manuscript was written about the middle of the thirteenth century, but that the language of the article in question belongs to a somewhat earlier period. The two statements, that the work dates from the early part of the thirteenth century and that it is apparently an original production, when considered together, occasion both interest and surprise, for not only was it not the cus- tom at this time to compose original commentaries to the Bible in French,^ but even the Latin commentaries of this period are, for the most part, onlj^ abbreviated or but slightly altered copies of earlier commentaries, with but little original work added. It is the purpose of this disser- tation to show that the French commentary is not an original work and to give the Latin sources from which it is taken, as well as to give a much larger portion of the text than the purpose of M. Meyer's article permitted. I hope in the near future to publish the entire text with a dis- cussion of the language. ^Notices et extraits des mss. de la Bibl. nationale 35, I, 132. *One naturally thinks of the commentary on the Psalms in the li- brary of the Chapter of Durham (cf. Meyer, Documents manuscrits de l'ancienne littérature de France, page 89 ; and Romania, XVII, 130, 131.) I am by no means convinced that a thorough examination of the numerous commentaries on the Psalms still in ms. would not show that this is also a translation. II THB MANUSCRIPT I give in substance the description by Meyer, with some additional details with reference to the first article. The manuscript, now No. 24862 (fonds français) of the Bibliothèque nationale of Paris (formerly Jacobins Saint- Jacques 5) is a parchment book of 149 leaves written in dou- ble columns. The contents are as follows : 1. Fol. 1-59 c. Commentary in French on the Proverbs of Solomon. 2. Fol. 59 c. lyatin verses composed in England on the occasion of the strife between King John and Stephen Langton. 3. Fol. 60 b. A translation into French verse of the Verba Seniorum, by the Templar, Henri D'Arci. 4. Fol. 98 d. A French poem on Anti-Christ, by D'Arci. 5. Fol. ICI c. A French poem on the Descent of Saint Paul into Hell, by D'Arci. 6. Eol. 103 c. A French sermon in prose. 7. Fol. 104 d. The Eatin Legend of Saint Galla. 8. Fol. 106 a. The French sermons of Maurice de Sully. 9. Fol. 148 a. A Eatin sermon. The manuscript appears to have been copied by four dif- ferent hands. The commentary, however, is all in the same hand. The same writer has also copied article 2 and pos- sibly the last part of 4 and article 5. On the last page of the manuscript is the name Thierry Constant, written twice in writing of the fifteenth century. From this M. Meyer concludes that the manuscript has been in France since the middle ages. The name Constant is written over a still older signature which it is now impossible to decipher. The first pages of the manuscript are lacking, for the commentary begins abruptly in the middle of a sentence which is a gloss on verse 26, chap. i. It closes with the ex- planation of verse 9, chap. 31. The commentary has 33 lines to a column, with the exception of folio 57 verso, Ill which has only 32 lines. In the first part of the work the Latin passages, both the text of the Proverbs and other pas- sages from the Bible quoted in illustration, are in red ; in the latter part they are written in black and iniderlined, generally in red, sometimes in black. The few passages not underlined are probably due to the negligence of the copyist. Black accents are employed, as frequently in French manuscripts copied in England, to prevent the confusion of several vowels coming together, particularly 1, u, n, m, and sometimes to indicate e = et, a = à, u = ou, or où. The copyist is, however, not consistent in his emplo}- ment of the accents and they are often omitted altogether. That the translator and the copyist are not the same is clear from the large number of errors which the translator himself would hardly have made. These are in part the ordinary mistakes of omission, interchanged letters, etc., but a considerable group are of such a character that they may be easily explained as due to imperfect hearing, and we thus have ground for thinking that the manuscript was per- haps copied from dictation. Without this assumption we must assume that the work was very rapidh' copied, and against this last assumption is the clearness and regularity of the writing — the best of the four copyists of ms. 24862. Some of the errors in the following extracts which could be explained as false understanding of the dictated word are the following : trésors est entenderas Lais set surundes ne e celestiel vies teisamment (?) les 07 s for e for enteras for laissez for szirundeient for mes for est for tei ciel for mest for tei sauvement for p- p- p- p- 7 8 9 1 1 p. 17 P- 15 P- 15 p. 20 p. 21 P- 25 IV aimet for ameinet P- 29 beiv for belt P- 33 e?iamtre for enaintrent P- 49 prendrai for perdrat P- 48 mustrejit for inistrent P- 54 giiverjier for guvernc' P- 62 This assumption of a copy from dictation might also ex- plain the lack of uniformity in the spelling and the surpris- ingly large number of cases of the use of both a singular and a plural verb with the same subject, such as : a. Pécher puet hiini par sei, ne prendrunt il pas les sentes de vie. (p. 12.) b. Qui ci nel q7ierent ^ ne le truverat là. (p. 2,) c. Quant H juste ierent curtine\ si ert li ?nal damp7ie' qui els pursiveient. (p. 26.) d. Qui pur pour 71^ osent prêcher ne dire co que il sent. (p. 14.^ e. Que il ne parfacet le mal que il ptirpe^isent. (p. 4. ) f. Defulerent et mentrat. (p. 38.) g. Qui bons guardeins sunt siui seignur, si eti. glorifiez. (p. 41.) The French translation ends with the explanation of verse 9, chapter 31. This point in the Proverbs is a natural stop- ping place, for the remaining twenty-two verses, describing the virtuous woman, have a certain completeness in them- selves and sometimes formed the subject for an independent commentary under the title. De muliere forti.^ The com- mentary of Petrus Cantor continues the explanation with the following introduction : Hucusque lyamuel verba ; hinc Salomon paucis verbis sed plenissima veritate laudes ecclesiae décantât ; constat enim hoc carmen versibus XXII, per ordinem Hebraei alphebeti, et singuli versus singulis incipiunt litteris, ubi innuitur, sicut quibusdam psalmis, quam perfecte hie fidelis animae vel ecclesiae virtutes discribantur. "^Cf. Beda, Migue 91, 1039. THE SOURCES. With reference to the originalitj- of the work, M. Meyer says : "Ce commentaire paraît être une œuvre originale. Si c'était la traduction d'un commentaire latin, il est probable que les citations latines dont il est parsemé ne paraîtraient qu'en traduction. Du reste, j'ai vainement cherché parmi les commentaires du Livre des Proverbes l'original de celui- ci. Je suis porté à y voir l'œuvre d'un clerc normand ou d'origine normande établi en Angleterre. On sait qu'une bon- ne partie de la littérature anglo-normande a un caractère clér- ical très prononcé. De bonne heure, dès le xii^ siècle, des clercs ont été employés à traduire des parties de la Bible ou à composer des ouvrages élémentaires de théologie ou de morale à l'usage des laïques. Notre commentaire des Prov- erbes peut être rapproché de l'énorme commentaire des Psaumes, dont il existe, dans la bibliothèque du chapitre de Durham, un exemplaire complet en trois volumes in-folio. Ce sont deux œuvres du même temps, c'est-à-dire du com- mencement du xiii^ siècle, non toutefois du même auteur, car le style e la méthode ne me paraissent pas identiques." I was first convinced that M. Meyer was mistaken in his opinion that the French work was original on finding that cer- tain passages were literal translations of passages in the Postillae' of Hugo of St. Caro (ti263.) This enormous com- mentary is but a compilation of the work of earlier writers. Hugo often ascribes passages to a glossa (^Glossa ordin- aria), to the Glossa interlinearis, llieronymus, Bernardus, Isidorus, Beda, Hugo of St. Victor, etc. More often he gives the explanation of earlier writers without taking the trouble to indicate the sources from which he took his ma- terial. I was therefore encouraged to seek further and ex- amined the works of the following writers : 'Venice, 1703, vol. 3. Cf. Grober, Grundriss, II, 189. VI Guibert of Nogent (tii24.)^ Hervé of Bourgdieu (fiiso.)^ Richard of St. Victor (fiiys).' Hugo of St. Victor (tii4i).'' Hugo of Fleury (cir. 1120).^ Gilbert de la Porrée (11154).® Hugo or Rouen (11164).'' Aluf of Tournay (11144).^ Richard of Preaux (fii3i).'' The anonymous commentar}^ on the Proverbs contained in ms. 469 (fonds latin) of the Bibliothèque nationale.^" The commentary in ms. 15565 (fonds latin) of the Bibli- othèque nationale," also in ms. 176 (87) of the Bibliothèque Mazarine, and in ms. 213 of the Bibliothèque de Chartres, ascribed by Hauréau to Pierre le Chantre (Petrus Cantor tii97). Rabanus Maurus (1847).^" Walfried Strabo (1849), Glossa ordinaria.^* Beda of Jarrow (t735.)" Anselm of Laon (f 1117), Glossa interlinearis." Of these writers the first eight, so far as I have been able to discover, wrote no commentary to the Proverbs. The commentary by Richard of Preaux, mentioned by Mabillion, as quoted by Migne,'" I was not able to find. The com- mentary in ms. 469 of the Bibliothèque nationale has no re- lation to the French work. The Postillae'' of Nicolas de I/ire agree with the French commentary only in isolated places which are traditional explanations taken from earlier iMigne, Patrologiae Cursus completus, Tomus 156. "Migne 181. ^Migne 196. ''Migne 175. ^Migne 163. ''Migne 188. 'Migne 192. ^Migne 79. ^Migne 166. ''^Hauréau, Notices et extraits de quelques mss. latins, I, 20. "Folio 67-87, cf. Hauréau V, 4. ^'Migneiii. i^Migne 113. ^*Migne 91. ^^Basel 1502, 1508, cf. Migne 162. ^'^Mabill. Annal, lib. LXX, 11, quoted by Migne, 166, 1357. '"Basel Bible, 1502, 1508. (Contains Glossa ordinaria, Glossa interlinearis, and the Postil- lae of Nicolas de L,ire. VII writers. Moreover the Postillae were composed at too late a date to serve as a source for the French work. The real sources of the French coininentar}', as the fol- lowing extracts will show, are directly Petrus Cantor and either Beda, Rabanus or the Glossa ordinaria, and indi- rectly, thi'ough Petrus, the Glossa interlinearis. A discus- sion of these and their relation to each other follows. In printing the following extracts I have chosen such portions as include the passages given b}- Mej^er. That is, Fol. ia-7a = Prov. 1:27-111:30; Fol. 29b-3ib ^ Prov. XIV:i9-XV-i6; Fol. 33a-b = Prov. XVI:5-7; Fol. 4ia-b = Prov. XX:23-27; Fol. 52d-59c (end) = Prov. XXVII: 3-XXXI:9. In the French text I have always given the manuscript reading (unless a correction was perfectly obvious, when the nianu.script reading is given below). Corrections and suggested readings are given at the bottom of the page.^ Punctuation and accents have been intro- duced only where necessary to facilitate the reading. The Latin text is from manuscript 15565 of the Biblio- thèque nationale. I have, however, collated this with manuscript 176 of the Bibliothèque Mazarine. The first I I have designated as N, the second as M. The differences between the two are not important, and I have not always given the reading of M. In some few cases where the reading in N was evidently corrupt and that of M evidently correct, I have taken the reading of M without indicating it. Passages from Beda are so indicated. All Latin text not otherwise marked is from manuscript 15565. Of this text I have given only the parts which are translated; the remainder, in large part quotations from the Bible, is omitted and the omission indicated by dots. The text of Beda is from the edition of Migne in the Patrologia,Vol. 91. A comparison of the following French text with the cor- *The cases of singular and pUual verbs with a common subject, owing to their frequent occurrence, I have allowed to stand uncor- rected. VIII responding Latin text will show that the French translator used as his main source the commentary which is contained in manuscript 15565 of the Bibliothèque nationale which I have quoted under the name of Petrus Cantor, but that in many places he preferred to follow another commentary which I have quoted under the name of Beda, as printed by Migne (Vol. 91). However, a glance at the first three of the parallel passages of commentaries on a chapter of the Proverbs, printed in the table at the end of this article, will show that it is by no means certain that this commentary belongs to Beda, and that the Glossa ordinaria on the Proverbs is almost a verbatim copy of this. It is clear that in the second column the few variations given in the notes are but the varying readings of different manuscripts, and that in ascribing this commentary in Vol. 114 to Rabanus Maurus and in Vol. 91 to Beda, Migne is at fault. The fact that the Glossa ordinaria (see column i) is little more than a tran.scription of this, that Strabo was a pupil of Rabanus and carried on his master's work makes one incline to the opinion that the work belongs to Rabanus. Moreover it has been recently shown that the commentary on the gospel of Matthew, hitherto ascribed to Beda, is but an excerpt from the work of Rabanus.^ On the other hand Hugo of St. Caro, who wrote in the first half of the thirteenth century, evidently considered Beda as the author, for in his Postillae he quotes Beda some dozen of times by name and these quotations agree with the commentary in question. Rabanus, however, is quoted but once and the passage given does not stand in the commentary under the verse in explanation of which it is quoted. A decision of the question of authorship requires an examination of manuscripts and other means of ^A. E. Schonbach: Uber einige Evangelien Kommentare des Mittel- alters. Sitzungsberichte der Kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Phil. hist. Klasse. Bd. 146. No. 4, 1903. IX proof which T have not at hand and am for the present nnable to obtain. It is also possible that our translator had before him the Glossa ordinaria. As shown by the table the part on the Proverbs is almost a verbatim copy of Beda (or Rabanus). Migne prints this only in part and for the remainder says sinipl>-: " /\aba7ius, usque ad ..." Many passages, however, which Migne does not ascribe to Rabanus but prints as the work of Strabo, are also taken verbatim from the earlier commentary. In nearly ever}^ case the passages quoted from Beda in the following pages could equally well be taken from the Glossa ordinaria. A few short passages I have not been able to find in the reprint by Migne, but this edition is evidently so uncritical that no nafe con- clusions can be drawn from it. The translator himself gives no indication of the sources of his work. He uses once the expression ait li audoriste,^ followed by a passage in Latin which stands in Petrus, but not in the other commentaries, and also les gloses neporcc die?it,' followed by a passage which stands in Beda (or Rabanus) and the Glossa ordinaria, but not in Petrus. Petrus begins the passage immediately following with the word glossae, which may have influenced the translator to use the plural form. These indications are too meager to be of service, and we must conclude that the translator had before him the commentary of Petrus Cantor and either Beda or the Glossa ordinaria, or both. THE LATIN MANUSCRIPT. In the preceeding pages I have spoken of the commen- tar}^ printed from manuscript 15565 (fonds latin) of the Bibliothèque nationale as the work of Petrus Cautor. 'p. 17. ^P- 59- There has, however, been some dispute as to the author- ship. Sixtus of Sienna^ and Casimir Oudin" assign it along with commentaries on other books of the Bible to Petrus of Rheims, commonly known as Petrus Cantor, or Pierre le Chantre. It is ascribed by Dom BriaP to another Petrus of Rheims, one of the order of Preachers. The reason given by Dom Brial for refusing this and other commentaries to Petrus Cantor is that in his Verbum Abbreviatum Petrus speaks with much vigor contra superfluitatem ct prolixitatem glossamm et hmtilhnn quaestiomim. Manuscript 15565, however, has as title Glossatura Cantoris Parisiensis in Job et in alios libros qui seqiiuntu? ex ordine. As Hauréau states,* we know of no other Cantor of Paris of this period who could have written this commentary. Moreover the reason of Dom Brial does not hold good for one of the characteristics of this commentary is its brevity. A still more positive proof, not noticed by Hauréau is a similarity between this commentary and the Verbum Ab- breviatum. A striking peculiarity of the commentarv is the number of quotations from secular I,atin writers, par- ticularly the poets Juvenal and Ovid, as well as Cato Dyonisius, Claudius Claudianus and Seneca. The Verbum Abbreviatum is literally sown with quotations from these writers and many of them are the same as those in the commentary. Moreover other passages in the commentary, not taken from Beda, are also found in the Verbum Ab- breviatum. For example: ^Bibliotheca Sancta lib. IV, p. 361, Coloniae Agrippinae 1626. As noted by Gutjalir, the first words of the commentar}- are incorrectly given by Sixtus of Sienna (Bibl. Sacra., IV-361 ), and the mistake was copied from him by Migne (CCV, 14-17). Casimir Oudin also takes the passage from Sixtus without commenting on the error. ^Comment, de scriptoribus ecclesiae antiquis. Lipsae, 1722; II, 1661. ^Histoire littéraire de la France, Vol. XV, açgfï. ^Notices et extraits de quelques mss. latins, Vol. V, 4, ff. XI Basilio inaj^no praedicante videbatur audientibus ciuod lingua ignea egrederetur ab ore eius, ex igne enini charitatis loquebatur. Item: I'raediccnte Sebastiaiio, Zoe, uxor Nicos- trati, ad ilium ait: Video ante te angeluni Domini tenenteni tibi libruni apcrtum de quo procedit universa tua praedicatio. (V. A. cap. VII.) Compare Latin text on page 23. There seems, therefore, to be Httle doubt that the author of the commentarj- and of the \'erbum Abbreviatum is the same, that is, Petrus Cantor. This commentary' is by no means original in a modern sense. A comparison of the passages given in the table will show that the basis of Petrus' work is the commentary which we have called Beda's. In his use of this he has been true to his own criticism and has abbreviated and omitted. He seeins to have had before him the Glossa interlinearis,^ which is itself an abbreviation of earlier work, and to have often taken the abbreviated explanations from this. The originality of his work consists chiefl}' in the addition of illustrative passages from the Bible and from .secular Latin writers, and some other passages such as the one with reference to St. Sebastian (p. 23), and the story of the pelicans (p. 59). PETRUS CANTOR.^ Petrus Cantor has been confused with Petrus Comestor, with Petrus Pictaviensis, chancellor of Notre Dame in Paris, with Petrus Pictaviensis, canon of St. Victor's in Paris, and with the Dominican Petrus Rhemensis, later bishop of Agen. As a result the opinions as to his birth- place and works have been various. It has been claimed that he was born at Poitiers, at Paris, and at Gerberoi in the diocese of Beauvais. The first three opinions seem to >Cf. Table, col. 3. 'Petrus Cantor Parisiensis: Sein Leben und seine Schriften auf Grund des Nachlasses von Prof. Dr. Otto Schmid, bearbeitet von F. S. Gutjahr. Graz, 'Styria,' 1S99, XII be due to the confusion mentioned above. The best evi- dence points to Gerberoi as his birthplace, since there exists a document with reference to the transfer of a house belonging to Petrus in that town, in which a certain Gal- terms de Hosdenco, frater praedicti Petri^ Paris praecantoris, is mentioned as a witness. In manuscript 312 of the librar}^ of Utrecht is written: Petrus de Hosdens, cantor parisiensis, Summa Theologiae. He would seem then to have been born in Gerberoi and to have borne the family- name of Hosdenc. At an early age he went to Rheims and was a student in the Cathedral school, probably under Alberic, a pupil of Anselm de Laon. He later taught in the cathedral school and was one of the canons of the Cathredral Church. It is probable that in 11 69 or 11 70 Petrus was already teacher of theology in Paris. He is first mentioned as Cantor of the cathedral church in a document from the year 11 84, but he had probably been Cantor since the death of his predecessor, Galterus, in 1178. From this office came his chief fame and he became generally known to his contemporaries as Cantor parisiensis, or sometimes simpl}^ as Cantor. In 1191, on the death of Everard, Bishop of Tourna}^ the clergy and people chose Petrus as his succes- sor, but the then Archbishop of Rheims, William of Cham- pagne, whom King Phillip Augustus had named as his rep- resentative during his absence on the crusade, refused his consent on technical grounds. According to the Chronicon Anglicanum of Ralph of Coggeshall, Petrus was in 11 96 chosen Bishop of Paris to succeed Maurice of Sully, but himself refused the honor and remained as Cantor and as teacher of theology in the cathedral school of Notre Dame. Shortly before his death he was chosen as Dean of the chapter of Rheims. He appears to have accepted this office, rather unwillingly, but died before entering upon its duties, in the year 1197. He had remained in simple deacon's orders until his death. XIII His contemporaries bear abundant testimony to his learning and to the simplicity and purity of his character, above all to his impartiality and love of justice. The lirerary accomplishment of Petrus Cantor was by no means small, but most of his writings are as yet unprinted.* He is credited with a. Glosses on all of the books of the Old and the New Testament, some of which are lost. b. A huge Summa de sacramentis et animae consiliis. c. Distinctiones, treating of dogmatical and liturgical questions. d. Ouaestiones de Simonia. e. Verbum abbreviatum (Aligne Vol. 205). f. Contra monachos proprietarios, or De proprietate monachorum. (Printed by Galopini and from him by Migne as chapter 153 of the Verbum abbreviatum, but not found in the earlier manuscripts of this work.) Of these works the best known is the Verbum abbrevi- atum, a compendium of ethical and religious teaching con- sisting chiefly of quotations from earlier ecclesiastical writers and from Latin classics. The chief interest in this as well as in the other works of Petrus, from other than an ecclesiastical point of view, is his love for secular Latin literature — a love which sometimes leads him to quote pas- sages without too much regard for their aptness. He shares with John of Salisbury, Pierre de Blois, Roger Bacon and Vincenz of Beauvais the honor of keeping alive the love of the Latin poets in his time.^ THE translator's USE OF HIS ORIGINAL. We have seen that the translator has not always followed the commentary of Petrus Cantor, but has added parts ^For more detailed discussion, with account of works now lost and of others falsely ascribed to P. C, see Gutjahr 51, ff. ^Cf. Juvenalis Saturarum. Ed. Friedlander, Leipzig, 1S95, pp. 91,92. XIV t aken from another commentary of which the work of Petrus is in large part an abbreviation. His independence shows itself further in his translation. 1. The Latin comments are often disconnected explana- tions of single words or phrases after the manner of the Glossa interlinearis. These explanations the translator combines into connected discourse. Animus gaicdens, consolatione spiritu-; saiicti. Aciatcin Jioridani, bona actione, unde fructus coelestis. Hilarem enim datorem diligit Deus, non ex accidia servientem. Spiiilus in'sh's, saecnli tristitia quae comparatur mortem. Ossa, id est virtutes. ( P. ) Animus gaudeus aetatevt floridam facit; spiritus trisiis exsiccat ossa. Plus tost viellist huem irrus e amer que cil qui est joins e deboneires, e 11 curages qui se esjoist del cunfort del seint espirit feit age flurir de bon oevre dunt celeste fruit vendrat; e espirit triste de la tristesce del siècle, qui est ennuie de tuit bien, cil desechist les os, ço est les vertuz. [Fol. 36a.] 2. Omissions. a. As mentioned above one of the peculiarities of the commentary of Petrus Cantor is the large number of illus- trative quotations. He often gives no explanation of his own, but simply adds one or more quotations from other books of the Bible. These quotations the translator often omits altogether or gives but one. (See under i, Hilarem enim, etc. b. Petrus often gives several explanations of the same word or passage of which the translator takes but one, or a part of one. Qîiis, philosopliorum, ascendit in caelum, mensurans quan- litatem planetarum, atque descendit ut ei credam quantitatem solis maioretn terrae asserenti et huiusmodi. Vel, qiiis ascen- dit in coelum, Dei filius post resurrectionem. (P.) Quis montât al ciel e descendi ? Quels des philosophes ? Nul mes le fiz Deu après la resurrectiun. (p. 52.) c. He omits the commentary altogether, giving only the translation of the text of the Proverbs, Cf. p. 48. XV 3- .-Iddifions. In no case does the translator add passages of any length or which show independence of thought. His additions are but the expansion of the idea suggested by the Latin com- mentary, a further illustration or explanation. a. Indication of the source of quotations. In the Latin commentary quotations, both from the Bible and from secular writers, are usually given with no indica- tion of the source from which the}^ are taken. The trans- lator introduces such quotations with a general indication of their source, such as: Co redit li poètes, (p. 29) ■ Car il dit od I'apostle. (p. 29) Car Ysaies dit de lui. (p. 32) Co gloset bien David, (p. 44) E purrez dire od le phophete. (p. 7) b. Additional explanation. . quasi ceteris doctior novas fingendo sententias, quasi singularis ferus. (P.) Se met avant de sages meistres e fait les sues sentences noveles quasi singularis fera. Singulere beste est; ne voit pestre se par sei nun. (p. 15 ) Sicut qui mittit lapidem in acervum Mercurii. Ad litterani tangit eos qui Mercuriuni pro Deo colebant. (P.) Si feit cum cil qui jettet la piere al I'amuncelement Mer- curii. Mercuries est uns des set planètes, e li ancien paien le tindrent pur Deu e pierres assemblèrent pur feire lui temples e autels. Ore est dune li sens, qui honur de maistre dunet a hérites ne forveit mie meins que se il honurast les Deus e les temples as paiens. (Fol. 51 d) Torcularia^ Qui^ "on sities amplius. Unde: Ut edatis et bibatis super mensam in regno meo. ( P. ) Je voil que vus mangiez e bevez sur la nieie taVjle al règne mun père. Came se il deist: Le délit e la joie que vus avérez de la mei veue iert greindre en vus sanz comparisun que délit que nuls lioem puesset aver qui ad ne feim ne sei. (pp. 17, 18. ) Deus meus, pone illos ut rotam. (P.) Beau sire Deus, met tes enemis cume la roe, qui dcriere se licvet e devant chiet, e li mal home as leinporeles choses que lur deivcnt estre ariere dos, se eshaucenl e as pardurables qui lur deivent estre devant vaut chancelant e cheant. (pp. 35, 36. ) XVI c. Additional illustration. .11 est cum li peiez del cumpas al miedliu del cercle qui cumpasset e ordeinet tut a la sue volenté. (p. 21) Ut in Daniele et pueris tribus. (P.) Si cum de Saint Sebastien, a qui Deus ot dune si grant grace quod ab omnibus amabatur, e si cume de Daniel e de mulz autre, (p. 34) Tute la veie al prodome qui bien oevre lui semblet dreite. Deus nepuroec peisit les quors cum dist li apostles: Nihil mihi conscins Slim, non tainen inhoc justificatiis sum. (Fol. 4id) The explanation by Petrus here does not seem to have suited the purpose of the translator and is entirely omitted. Beda and the Glossa ordinaria have no explanation of this passage. 4. Combination of Petrus and Beda. Vena vitae as justi. Et Dominus de doctoribus: Qui credit, inquit, in me, sicut dicit scriptura, flumina de ventre eius fluent aquae vivae. (Beda) Vena viiae, gratiae et gloriae est as justi, quod benedicit. (Petrus) La buche as dreiturel est vie i^sic) de vie, ço est de grace e de gloire, car eves vives en curent. (Fol. 20a) Gaudet enim de scelere, non prudens quod sceleris gaudia sequitur ultonis poena, sed sapientia exigit ut sapiens pro- videat sibi. (Petrus) Prudentia a providendo nomen accipit, stultus est igitur qui gaudet in scelere. Sapientis autem est, et eius qui viri nomine dignus sit, praevidere quia risus dolore miscebitur et gavidia peccandi poena sequetur ultonis. (Beda) Ço est, li suens savers demandet qu'il se purveiet. Pru- dencia est dite purveance. Ore est dune li sens, li fols ne se purveit mie que dolur se medlerat a la joie qu'il at de sun pecclié, mes li sages se purpenset bien que peine de vengance sivrat la joie de peccher. (Fol. 2od) 5. Free translation. The translation, particularly in the first part, is some- times very free, giving often but a summary of the thought contained in the I^atin. As he approaches the end of his XVII work the translator makes less and less use of Beda and translates Petrus much more literally. I give a few short examples of free translation. Old gi'iiiiit lavt, in fede. Qui de eve de baptistne I'ad regendre. (Fol. 36b) Superni facit irrigatio doni. Arusement de la sua grace suveraigne. (Fol. 34a) Cultrum dicit discretionem qua secamus mala a bonis. Cutel met pur descreciun pur ço que cutel seivret e deviset une partie d'altre. (Fol. 45 c) On the other hand the translation is sometimes so exact as to follow the Latin word order. Janua omnium vitiorum iracundia. Porte est de lutes vices ire. (p. 50. ) 6. Mistranslation. There are some few cases of mistranslation, perhaps due to carelessness or to mistakes of the copyist. Ira judicii tanto districtior portabitur quanto nunc minus timetur. Car de tant est l'ire del jugement plus estreite cum plus est ci cremue. (p. 46) Vena vite os justi. La buche as dreiturel est vie de vie. (Fol. 20 a) 7. Untranslated Latin. There are some instances of failure to translate Latin quotations from the Bible, but these are not numerous and may be due to negligence. In a few cases, however, Latin phrases have been introduced in the midst of the transla- tion and seem to have been intentionally left untranslated. Ne deit hum sanctum dare canibus. (Fol. 20b) Tele vengance signefiet la peine as Philistens qui furent percussi in postcriora. ( Fol. 20 a. ) As povres deit hum duner pur Deu, nient as riches, car divitibus date, dit li auctoriste, nichil aliud est quatnperdere. (P- 17) XVIII The L,atiii commentary was evidentl}'' written for the clergy, for the learned. The translator was writing for a different class of readers. In his additions and omissions he seems to have been aiming at clearness and simplicity, and has added some explanations which Petrus evidently considered unnecessary for his readers. The fact that he leaves some Latin passages untranslated, if we do not ascribe these to negligence, (and in the passages quoted above the Latin forms such an integral part of the French sentence that it is unlikely that he intended to translate it) points to readers who would understand some Latin. It is possible that he intended his work for the use of young students in the cloister schools. THE TRANSLATOR. We have no sufficient ground for a definite conclusion as to who the translator was. The French manuscript gives no information on the subject. If it contained any indica- tion of its author's name or character, it must have been in the first few pages which are lost. The language, as M. Meyer states, appears to be that of an Anglo-normand of the first half of the thirteenth cen- tury. When we remember that at this time Paris was the center for theological study and that many English church- men both studied and taught there, we might hazard the opinion that the translator had been a student in Paris, perhaps a pupil of Petrus. In the Latin commentary itself, it seems to me, there is hardly sufficient reason why the translator should have chosen that in particular, since he was evidently acquainted with Beda or the Glossa ordinaria, from which so much of the commentary of Petrus is taken. The ground of brevity seems hardly sufficient, since the translator often gives himself the trouble to take the unab- breviated passages from Beda. The quotations from the XIX Latin poets are scarcely numerous nor important enough to cause him to chose this conunentary. Moreover, he sometimes omits these when given b}^ Petrus. If, however, we assume that the translator had been a pupil of Petrus we can understand why he would prefer the commentary of his former teacher to that of another. There are two passages in the translation which might give some slight support to this opinion. They are, how- ever, so short that I offer them only as suggesting a possi- bility that the tran.slator was acquainted with the teaching of Petrus, or at least with the Verbum abbreviatum. In folio 31b (p. 33) we read: Car al peccheur qui est aver est cume al idrouic, cum plus beit del eu%e, plus puet. Here the commentary has only the quotation from Ovid, but in the Verbum abbreviatum (col. 73) we find: Item cupiditas comparatur hydropisi, quia " Quo plus sunt potae, plus sitiuntur aquae." Again folio 44b: Si cum Seinz Lorenz: Dispersit, dedit pauperibus. The commentar}' does not contain this sentence at all, but in the \>rbum abbreviatum (col. 2S6) we read: Et David psalmo cxi: Dispersit, dedit pauperibus, justicia eius manet in saeculum saeculi. Et Laureutius: Nam facul- tates ecclesiae, etc. There is nothing chronologically against this assumption that the translator was a pupil of Petrus. Petrus Cantor appears to have been teaching theology in Paris from about 1 170 till the time of his death in 1197, and to have written his Verbum abbreviatum there after 11 87. If a pupil of his had made the translation the probable date would coincide with that indicated by the language — the last part of the twelfth or the first part of the thirteenth century. We know that Robert of Courçon (cir. 121 8) was a pupil XX of Petrus and possibly also Ralph of Coggeshall. But we do not know of any work in French from either of these, and any more definite conclusion as to the identity of the translator is imposible. OF THE * r ^L r Text. I I'ul. I, a duiit il purvirent que li malveis rien ne poeient cuntre Dell, mes que tuit lur efTorz cuntre lui turnet a nient e que la gloire Deu crestereit maigre els. Pur ço, taut cum il virent lur orgoilplus cruel, taut orent il plus en despit. (a) Pur ço dit Deus : Jo me juerai quant ço vus avendrat, quant vus di- rez : Quei nus valent ore nostre orguil e nosz richesces? — Cum irruerit repcntma calamitas \\, 27]. Ço fait a enten- dre del siege de Jerusalem qui sudeement lur diet sur le col ; ço fut lur sudeiue chaitivesce, e si ert a tuz les damnez quant il ierent suspris de la mort. — Et interitus quasi tempestas m- gruerit. E mort vus vendrat sure descuvenablement cume tempeste. Ço fut la destructiun de tut le pais/^^'r Romanes qui nului ne esparnierent, ne quel' tempeste. — Quando vcncrit super vos tribulatio et angustia. Quant vendrat sur vus trib- ulaciiui e anguise ; tribulaciun dehors, anguisse dedeuz, si que nul cunfort ne truverez de mei. Li prodome, quant il sunt defors trublé, il sunt dedenz conforté de certeine e.sper- ance de salu, mes li mal hume unt defors peine de digue vengance e dedenz anguisse de malveisse cuticience. {■Ego auteiH in introilu vestro ridebo, etc. Tale est in psaiino de ei-sdeiii. Qui tiabilat in cœlis irridebil eos, et Dominus subsannabit eos. Non quia buccis Doiiiinus irrideat, aut naso subsannet, sed ea vis des- igiiata est tali verbo, quamdeditapostolis, («)ut praevidereiit nil prorsus inipios contra eum, supra quern ipse permitteret, insidiis esse acturos, quin potius illoruni cœpta omnia evacuanda, ejus vero gloriain post passionem per orbetn terraruni esse dilatandani prtenossent. Idcoque superbiani eorum, etiani cum maxime valere conspicerent, pro niliilo conteninerenl-. — B. ) Quod liniebatis. Cum dicetis : Miseri et insensati, quid modo pro- sunt nobis divitiae .' Cum irruerit repentina calami tas. Obsidioneni Jerusalem subi tain et expugnationem totius provinciae a Romanis factam dicil, de qua : Videns civitatem flevit suj)er illam.^ Tribulalio, foris ab iniini- cis. Augustin, intus, Deo non consolante. (Tribulatio namque erat in eis, qua foris deprimebantur ; angustia, in eo quod intus nil a Deo consolationis invenerant. At contra sancti, cum exterius opprimuntur adversis, spe certa salutis in corde dilatan- tur.— B. ) ^Cor. que la. '/'(triLS /las only tlie quotation from tlie Psalms. '■^Ttiis passage is omitted liercfrom N. It is written here in tlie mar- gin of M, apparently prima manu. Tlie passage is verbatim fiom the Glossa ordinaria. It stands further ou in N and M, afler the gloss on verse 31. Tunc invocabiint me, et non exaudiam ; inane consurgent et non i7ive7iient tne, eo quod exosani abiierint disciplinani et timorem Domini non susceperint, nee adqiiieverunt consilio meo Vo\.\,\i. et detraxerunt tuiiverse corrcdioni jnee. [I, 28-30]. Quant tribulaciun e anguisse les flâelerat, dune m'apelerunt. Pur CO qiie il unt en haie discepline, ne n'unt receue la poiir lur seignurneassenti al mien cunseil, mes dedreit unt en blasme tut le mien castiement. Ne lisum pas que li Judeu al grant seege de Jerusalem fusent gueres en oreissuns, ne gueres apellassent ; mes en armes e en lur force se fièrent ; mes si nuls i ot qui là apellassent, en vein crièrent, quant de lur pechié ne se voldrent repentir. Et ço' aparteuir general- ment a tuz les perduz les quels Deus ne volt oïr en lur re- queste quant il ne voldrent oïr les .suens comandementz. E pur ço dit que il leverunt matin. Matin iert li dreit juge- ment quant li un leverunt a vie, et li altre a mort. Dune ne iert Deus truevez, se de suens nuns,^ ço est de ces qui ci le querent dignement. Qui ci nel querent ne le truverat là, se a sun damage nun. Pur ço dit Ysaies, li prophètes, Querite Dominiun dum invctiii'i potest; invocatc ejini dum prope est^^ Querez nostre seignur tant cum il poet estre truvez ; apelez le tant cume il est près. Trop est tart de crier al jugement. Domine, Domine, apcri nobis, '^ quant nostre sire dirat, Nescio vos. Ne sai qui vus estes ; n'estes pas des miens. Jo vus sumuns par David, Appi^ehendite disciplinani,^ e vus la haistes. Jo ( Ouando venerit super vos tribulaiio et angiistia, time invocabunt me et non exaiidiani. Non leguntur Judaei in illa obsidione Doniinuni invocasse, sed tantum armis esse confisi, Si qui tainen tune eum invocabant, quia hic culpam, pro qua sunt puniti, intelligere, lit vere poeniterent, nolebant, frustra ad euin quem contenipsereclani- abant Potest autem tota baec correptio sapenliae de universis generaliter reprobis accipi, JMane consurgent, et non inven- ient vie ; ipsuni tempus extreini exanimis, quo alii in vitam aeternani, alii in opprobrium resurgent senipiternuni, aperte désignât. — B. ) . N, 68, b. Invocabitis. Aperi nobis, etc. Amen, dicto vobis, Nescio vos. Disciplinani exosam liabuerint. De qua dicitur, Apprehendite dis- ciplinani, etc. Tunc iuvocabiiis. Hoc ad obsidionem Jerusalem non potest referri quia tunc non leguntur Deum invocasse et si qui invocaverunt, non exauditi sunt quia non poenituerunt." '^Sup. poet. "-Cor. nun. •♦Isa. 55 : 6. ^Matt. 25 : 4. ^Psa. 2:12. '^The second gloss on invocabitis stands in the ins. after the gloss on comedent igitur, etc. 3 vus dis ]'t'nih\ /ilii\ aiidite inc, tiinofcm Domini docebo vos,^ vus ucustes cure ; non fuit timor dei ante oculos vcstros.' Ne l'ol. i,c. eustes nule poiir de Deu devant vosz oilz. Salver vus volée; ne volsistes'' creire mun cunseil. De tut ço ne se purunt il escuser ; pur* ierent a dreit danipné, e pur ço que il firent encore nuauz quant la doctrine Deu blasmerent e dépariè- rent. Comedent igitur fnidiis vie sue sidsqnc consiliis satura- buntiir. [I, 31.] Il niaui^erunt les fruiz de lur veie e serunt saiilé de lur conseilz nieinies. Que seminat homo, hec et iiict- et." Ço que hueni seniet, ço cuilderat ; qui petit seniet, petit coildrat ; qui semet en char, de char cuilderat corrup- ciun ; qui semet en opirit, de spiritu, ço est de espiritels oevres, metet l'ifam eternam. Qui creimt Deu e les sues veies \-a(\, laboies manuum suanimquia majiducabit, beatus est et ^^«^ 5/^/ <777 ;'' mes H pécheur serrunt saiilé de lur conseil meisnie ; en lur tricherie que il firent as autres charruiit ; de- fisient cum dit David, scrutantes scrutatinea'' Tant cercher- unt vesdies e pauteneries que il charunt de lur laz meismes e tut en serrunt saiilé e enniulé e a bon dreit. Sao;e poiei- ent estre, mes ne voldrunt, ainz se desturnerent de oïr. saver, epur ço remistrent petit e destiné a pardurable mort, e ço est que si ut : Non susceperini. Pso. xiii, Viani pacis non cognoverunt, non est timor Dei ante oculos eoruni. (Quia nieo consilio, quo illos salvare decreveram, acquiescere renue- bant, saturabautur suis ; quibus aiebant, Abscondanius tendiculas con- contra insouteni frustra. — B. ) Xccadqiiicz'crunl. Cuni coiisulerem eis ; ideo inexcusabiles sunt ; iiîinio, quod peins est, detraxerunt correctioni meae. Ccincdent ii^itur/nidus, etc. Quae enini seniiuaverit homo haec et metet ; qui parce seminat, parce et metet ; qui seminat in carne, de M, 148, c. carne metet corruplioneni ; qui seminat in spiritu, de spiritu metet vit- ani eternam. Hi qui ambulant in viiseius, labores maïuium tuarum, etc. Coiisitiis suis. Quibus dicebant supra, A1)scondanuis tendiculas, etc.; quibus et pro salvatore latronem elej^erunt ; continuo lioc eis adveniet quia adz^ersio parz'utoni m, sua, q\i\a averluutur a Deo parvuli. De quibuss upra iiii. ( 'f/ie passage referred to as supra iiii, reads. De latronilms patet ad litterani, ut in Anion, qui in patihulo quod paraverat Madrogeo sus- pensus est. Lacuni aperuit et eflfodit et incidit in foveam quam fecit. ) 'Psa, 32 : 12. -'Psa. 35 : i. '•Ms. Voisiste. KSiip. ço. 'Gai 6; 8. "Psa. 127:2. 'Psa. 63 : 7. Defecerunt scrutantes scrutinio. 4 Adversio parvulorum inferficiet eos, et prosperitas stultoriim perdet COS. [i, 32.] La aversiun e li tlesturnemenz des petiz les tuerat e la prospérité de fous les destrnerat. Li enrages qui se desturnet de la poiir de Deu, il est petit de sens, e en Fol. i,d. tant le tuet ja le ire Deu que quant il pechet ne quidet nule adversité suffrir. Co est pur ço que Dens se desturnet de lui, pur ço qu'il est desturnez de Deu, car tels est Deus a nus cume nus a lui. La prospérité as fous est lur destruc- tiun. Quant il ne sunt en pechié ne cargié de nule adversité, que il ne parfacet le mal que il purpensent, çoquident il que seit grant boneurté, scd nichil iiifelicius felicitate peccanciinn ; mes aver bone aventure a sun péché fere est grant mésaven- ture. Ço est la destructiun as pechurs, car de ço se enorg- uillissent ; il luxuriant cii m rebus plerumqziesecundis} Pros- périté feit guai curage e orgoillus. Abundancia partis et superfluitas vinifuit causa peccati Sodovionim.^ Abundance de pain e superfluité de vin fut achaisun del pechié as Sod- omites. De tels qui simt destruit par lur prospérité dit Job, Duciint i7i bo?iis dies suos et in puncto ad infernum descendunt.^ En bien e en joie demeinent lur jurz e en un puint descend- ent en enfer. Issi finent qui pecchié ensivent. Qui autem me audierit absque ten ore quiescet et habun- dancia per/ruetîir, malorian timoré sublato. [I, 13.] Qui niei orat, dit sapiencia, e obeierat as miens cumandamenz, sanz {Aversio parvulorum interficiet eos. Parvulos non aetate sed sensu dicit, quibus supra dictum est : Usqucquo, parvidi.diligitis infantiain? qui non parvuli, sed perfect! seusibus esse potuissent, si non a consilio sapientiae auditum averterent. Quo autem averterant, eo sese aeter- nae morti destinabant. — B. Aversio parvulorum interficiet eos et prosperitas stultorum perdet eos. Quia saepe aversus a timoré conditoris animus jam de iraeiusdem justi conditoris patitur ut in his quae peccat nil sustinere videatur adversi. Sed ut beatus Job ait, Ducat in bonis dies suos et in puncto ad inferna descendat. (Jobxxi.) (B. ) hiterficiet eos. Quia talis est nobis Deus, quales illi sumus Perdet eos. Nam ea superbiunt ; ad dexteram prosperilatis, ad sinis- tram adversitatis déclinant ; medium tenuere beati. Luxuriant cum rebus plerumque secundis. . . . . . . Abundantia panis et superfluitas vina causa fuit peccati Sod- omorum. 'Ovid. De arte amandi II. 437. -Ezech. 16 : 49. ■'Job 21 : 13. 5 poiir se reposerai ; ne crieiiidrat mile adversité en ceste viee en la mort se esleescerat, car dune enteiat en veraie vie. E en ceste vie avérât abundance de bones oevres e rien ne du- l"()1.2,a. terat cels ([ui le cors occieut. ICn l'autre vie aurai abun- dance de joie e de leesce e sanz pour de nulc adversité ne de unie defaute e ^sanz pour de pardurable peine. A^o>i sunt con- dio)ie passsioiics^ liiiius tcmpotis ad fiitiiram gloriam que revel- abitur in f/od/s.' Ne atteint a rien quanque nus poiini ci aver e sufrir quant a la gloire que nus averum, e pur celé aver nus amonestet sapience receivre les sues paroles ; e ço est que siut: y-7// w/, si sitsceperis sennoics iiwos et )iia)idata iiica abscond- eris pcncs ti\ ut audiat sapienciam a7i?is tua inclina cor tuuni ad cognoscendam prudcnciani . [II, i, 2.] Quant cil qui se desturnet de saver perist, e cjui volentiers le ot est sah é quidens,'' Vus.filz, qui siuvez la nieie doctrine, feit sapience, recevez les nieies paroles e muciez mes mandementz près de vus que li oisel del eir, ço est que li diable, ne mangucent la semence que cliet de lez le chemin. Pur ço dist David, In corde meo abscondi eloquia tua, ut non peccam tibi.* Sire mus- clé ai les tues paroles en niun cuer que jo ne pecche vers vus. Issi receif mes mandemenz que ta oreille oiet saver, oreille di jo de quor, e que de o\-re la siu\xz. vSe issi est receutz mes mandementz, dune encline tun cuer a cunuistre ^uentise. Humilie tei e esmunde tun cuer que il seit dignes a receivre les misteries de vérité. Oui auteiii me andicrit, etc. Potest et in liac vita et in futura iiitel- ligi, quia qui Domino perfecte servit, nuUis terretur adversis, imo gaudet in adversis, et in ipsa morte quasi de ingressu vitae laetatur. . . {Et'abnndaidia per/nu'tur, etc. Nunc abundantia bonoruni operuni, ablato timoré etiam eorum qui occidunt corpus, tune abundantia gaud- iorum in praemio. — B.) Absque terrore Et alibi, In tribnlationibus gaudentes quia non sunt condignae passiones liuius saecidi ad fuluram gloriam quae revelabitur in nobis. In futuro erit gaudiinn magnum, valde sublato terrore qui corpus occidit, .... l'ili uii, etc. ïlortatur sapiencia filos suos suscipere serniones suos. Absconderis. Ne volucres coeli comedant semen secus viain. Unde, In toto corde ineo abscondi, etc Sapieiitiaiu, de celestibus. In- clina, humilia ; enienda te ut dignus sis ad percipiendum niisteria. Unde, Abscondisti haec sapientibus et revelasti ea parvulis, id est, hu- milibus. KMs. passionis. -Rom. 8:18. ■'^Cor. quidans. Cf. Credentes salvi fiant. Luke 8 : 12. *Psa. 118 : 11. 6 Co est a dire, se tu receis mes mandemenz od amur de aprendre e od amur de guarder les premièrement tien la Fol. 2, h. veie de humilité, car saver se muscet as orguillus, e a ces qui petiz e umbles se tienent se mustret, pur ço di jo, En- cline tun cuer. Si oiim sapienciam invocaveris et indinaverh cot tuum prii- dcncie, si qiiesier'is eani qitasi pcciiniam et sicut thesmiros ef- foderis illam, tune intcUigcs timorem Domini et scienciam Dom- ini invenies. [II. 3-5.] Se tu aies apelé saver, ço est, se tu aies apelée a tei e désirée la cunissance Deu. E ço ne poez tu feire se de Deu ne te vient. Apeler a tei saver, ço est re- querre Jesu Crist que il habitet en tei, que tu pusses Deu cunustre e Jesu Crist, sun fiz, que il enveiat. Se issi le aiez apelé e aies encline tun cuer a cuintise, ço est cume tu, en- clinant e enbumiliant tei meimes auras fait tun cuer cuven- able a receivre saver e cuintise, ço vient de tei. En ceste manière e' Deu vient e de tei vient que tu seis sages. Ea aie Deu nus est businable e nostre entente i estuet estre. Dunt li apostles dit, Ego operor et gratia Domini mecnm.'^ Jo oevre [e] la meie salu e la grace de Deu od mei. E l'autre escrip- ture redit, Qzii fecit te sine te non justificat te sine (te). Deus qui te fist sanz tei e sanz la tue aie, il ne te justefiet pas sanz tei, ne sanz la tue aie. E si tu quiers saver si cume pecunie, e si tu la fois si cume trésor de tere, dune en- tenderas tu la poiir nostre seignur e truveras la science de lui. Se tu la quiers od si grant cuveitise cume funt li cuveitus le aver, ço est querre quasi peciiniam, e se la (Si ergo mandata Dei fixo amore discendi et custodiendi susceperis, primo humilitatis viam tene. — B. ) Si sapientimn : Dei cognitionem. Invocaveris. Quod a Deo est. Et inclinaveris aurem tuam. Quod a te est. Ad cognoscendam enim prudentiam Dei auxilium necessarium, nec liberum debet abesse arbit- rium. Unde apostolus, Gratia Dei mecum. Et alibi, Qui fecit te non justificat te sine te. Si quaesieris earn quasi pecuniani. Id est, tanta cura quanta pisces maris, scilicet cupidi pecuniam. Et sicut thesaiiros ^Sitp. de. ^I Cor. 15 : 10. 7 1\)1. 2,0. fuis' ausi cunie trésor, dune trnveras tu la veie de vérité. Od si grant cure e od si grant traval quert luune le trésor que cil qui fuist jettet ariere la tere e feit sa fesse en parfunt e ententivenient i ovret di ci la que il creuset ço que il cjuert. En ceste manière qui desiret truver les ors' de saver tute oevre teriene jettet de sei, en sei mêmes facet fosse e parfund- esce de humilité, ne fmct ne n'cit reposde ci la que il crueset sapience, dunt feit Salemun : Se tu la quers od curiu.se amur, tu entenderasla poiir de Deu aimable, qui n'est mie cumence- ment de saver, mes perfectiun, e la .science de lui, ço est la sue divinité ; e purrez dire od le prophète. Domine, a mandatis tuis in/c//('xi.'^ Ço purcheras tu se tu apeles saver, car ne la poiims aver de nus, se Deus ne la nus dunet {a). Dunt Jacob, li apostles, dit, ^7 cuis indiget sapiencia, postuîet a Deo.^ Qui mestier ad de saver, demandet de Deu. Quia Dominits dat sapie7iciam et ex ore sciencia et prudencia . Custodiet rec- torum sahitem et proteget grcidientes simplicité) . [II. 6, 7.] Car nostre sire dunet saver, ço dit, e de la sue bûche est science e cuintise. Ço puet estre entendu del filz Deu pardurable, qui est dit bûche al père qui les sues secrez nus descovret. Dunt la e.scripture dit aillurs : Deian nemo vidit iinqjiam sed filins qui est in sinu patris, ipse enarravit 7iohis.'' Huem ne vit Deu mes le fiz, l-«)l 2, d. qui est el sein al père, le nus mustrat. E la bûche Deu effoderiseam. Id est tan to labore et sollicitudine ut quaeruntur thesauri, quos qui effodit terrain reicit, foveam in alturii facit, sedulus insistit donec inveniat quod quaerit. Sic qui thesauros sapientiae in venire de- siderat onine opus terrenum a se eruat,'' in .se fossain huinilitatis faciat nec quiescat donec inveniat. Tiuw, si sollicite aniore quaesieris, intel- liges ttjnoreiu amicabileni, qui non est initiurn sed perfectio sapientiae. Scientiam Dei, divinitatis. A mandatis tuis intellexi. £".1- o/v'r/«.T, filio qui nobis sécréta patris revelavit. Unde, Deuni nemo vidit unquani, sed filius qui est in sinu patris, ipse enarravit nobis. {a) (Quia sapientia non a nobis ipsis haberi potest, sed a Domino datur.— B.) ^Ms. fins. -Cor. trésors. Ts. ii8 : 104. 'Jac. i : 5. ''Joli, i : 18. "M. reiciat. poet estre entendue en ses seinz, cume [cum] as apostles e as prophètes. Li prophète sunt apelé ses livres ; de eus n'eist science. Espositur de sainte escripture sunt apelé ses denz, e tute seinte escripture reest apelé sa bûche. Dunt la escripture dit, Ideo filii Israel peaaveriiiit quia os Domhii jwn inter rogaverunt} Pur ço peccherent, ço dit, li fiz Israel que il ne quistrent cunseil de la escripture. De ceste bûche science ist al pechur. La parole Dei est^ cuintise a ordeinner les ovres nes^ a turner a bien. Deus dunet saver, ço dit, e guarderat la salu des dreiturels. Il dunet le bien e il le guardet, e il cuverat e defenderat, ço dit, cels qui vunt sip- lement,* ço est les siples.* EnsemblementMci r<'r//V/<'rt'/;/^;« et simplicitatem.. Cestes sunt dous vertuz cusines, dunt vus avez de Job que il fut simplex et rectus :* {si7)iplex) quant a innocence e deboneirté, ^^^f/z^.? quant a cuintise (e)descreciun. Simplex est qui nului ne blescet, rectus est qui de nule chose ne est corumpuz. Pur ço commandât Deus cestes dous ver- tuz a ses desciples que eles sunt si bones. Estate prudentes stent serpentes et simplices sicîit columbe? L'une de cestes vertuz ne pleist pas a Deu senz l'autre, mes ço guardet Deus e defent en qui cestes dous vertuz se asemblent. Sej'vans semitas jiisticie et vias justorum custodiens. [II, 8.] Servans, ço est servare facieiis ; custodiens, ço est custodire faciens. Ço est, Deus fait les simples e les Vel ex arc, ex Sanctis ; apostoli et prophetae dicuntur labia et os Dei, expositores dicuntur eius dentés. Unde, Os Domini locutum est et ex ore eius nascitur scientia. Vel ex ore, sacra scilicet scriptura. Ideo filii Israel peccaverunt quia os Domini non interrogaverunt. Pi iideiitia, ad dispositionem rerum et largitionem elemosinarum, et huius modi. Scientiam, ad predicandum. Unde apostolus pastores et doctores jungit. Custodiet rectorum salutem et protegetgradientes simpliciter. Job simplex fuit per innocentiam mansuetudinis, rectus per cautelam discretionis ; simplex, nullum laedens, rectus, a nullo corruptus. Unde, Estote prudentes sicut serpentes et simplices sicut columbae. Cogna- tae sunt simplicitas et recitudo, unde sapientia alteram sine altera non requaerit, sed in quibus conveniunt hos custodit etprotegit. Scrvaiis, servare faciens. (Servans semitas etc. : id est, servare faciens. Et vias, etc. : id est, custodire faciens. Hugo of St Caro.) 'Josua. 9:14. ~3/s. e. '•'•Cor. e les. '^Cor. simplement, simples, ^dor. Ensemble met. ''•Job I, i and 8. "Matt. 10 : 16. 9 Fol. 3, a. rectos giiarder les sentes de justise, ço est ses plus estreiz comandeinentz ; e les veies as sainz, ço est les getieraiiz tnan- demeiiz. H encore nuistret plus de pru a celui qui' saver quert. Tune iutenigesjiistieiaifi et judicium et equitatem et omnem semitam bonam. [II, 9.] Si tu quers saver, eseDeus te detent cunie le suen simple, dune enteras" tu justise que tu dreit oevres od tun presme ; e jugement, dune jugeras tu a dreit ; e équité, que tu ne faces a autre ço que tu ne vels que il facet a tei ; e chescune boue sente, ço est a dire, al aide de Deu nule science de bien ne te escliaperat. Si intraverit sapicncia cor tuum et scientia anime tue placu- erif, consilium custodiet te et p) udcncia servabit te. [II, 10, 1 1.] Encore enteinies se saver entret en tun cuere science pleiset a la tue aima, cunseil te guarderat e cuintise te purgeiterat, lit erueris a via mala et ab homine qui perversa loquitur. [II, 12.] Que tu seis tolu cume a force de maie veie, ço est de maies oevres, e de luieni qui purverseté parolet, ço est de maie doctrine e de la veie a cels qui relinqunt iter rectum et ambulant per vias tenebrosas. [Il, 13.] Qui guerpissent dreit chemin par unt um vat al ciel, e le chemin de lumière e le chemin de dreite oevre, e vunt par voies tene- bruses que sunt pleines de laz, qui sunt, cume dit David, ténèbre et lubticum:^ Ténèbre sunt esculurgement ; de léger i poet huem cheir. Ço sunt cil qui letantur cum Scjuitas, artiora mandata, et viam, generalia precepta. Ttiiic, Cutn invocaveris, scilicet iiitus liabens, vocaveris sapientiain, intelliges et judicium et justitiam, id est justum judicium, et equitatem, ut non facias alii quod tibi non vis fieri. Unde, Unctio docelnt nos de omni- bus ; qui oleo Sancti Spiriti uugitur in nuUo decipitur. M, i4S,d. Si iittraverii sapiciiiia etc., coisiliuDi custcditt te ut ci mris a î'ia mata : pravis operibus, ad quae invitabant te qui dicebaut supra, \'eni nobiscum etc. Et ab liomine qui perversa loquitur, ?ià\\\?A.ox^ et de- tractore. Domine, libera a. m. etc. Qui reliuquiit iter rectum, quo itur ad patriam. Per vias tenebrosas, quae plenae sunt offendiculis, tenebrosae e^ lubricae, in quibus angélus Domini persequitur eos, et hoc ideo quia lactantnr cutu malefecerint et exultant in rebus pcssi mis. ^jl/s. que. -Cor. entenderas. ''Ps. 34 : 6. lO Fol. 3, b. malefecerunt et exultant in rebus pessimis, quonim vie perverse et infâmes gressîis eoruni. [II, 14, 15] Co sunt cil qui se esleescent quant il unt mal feit, ço est pur ço que il vunt par veies tenebruses e ne sevent u il vunt. Se il veissent la destructiun u il tendent il se treisisent ariere, mes lur veies sunt purverses e lur alement de maie renumée. Puis re- cumencent que cuintise delivret ; de plus les suens sumunst e dit : Ut eruaris a muliere aliéna et ab extranea que mollit sermones suos, et relinqtdt ducem p2ibertatis sue, et pacti Dei sui oblita est. [II 16, 17] A ço te guarderat encore cuintise que tu seis délivré de femme estrange e de autre pais, qui enmolist ses paroles e guerpist le duitre de sa juventé e obliet le cuvenant que ele ad feit a Deu. Ço est le sen : Cuintise te guarderat de femme estrange, ço est de fornica- tiun, qui toit que hoem n'en at part al règne Deu. Dunt dit apostles, Omnis fornicator, aut immundus, atit avaiusnon abet partem i7i 7'egno Dei} Chascun qui siut fornicaciun, e ordure, e avarice est fors parti del règne Deu, se il ne sa ^amendet. De femme dit estrange e de autre terre, — de qui lum ne set se ele otailursseignur ; u, pur ço que il dit estrange, defent le fait, quenses non mecaberis f estrange seis de tei chascune fornica- ciun; pur ço que il dit de femme de autre terre, defent la cuvei- tise del] désirer, cumme se il desist. Non concupisccs 2ixorem proximi tiii} Seit a tei cume femme d'autre terre a qui tu ( — Qui laetautur, envi male fecerint, etc. Ideo maie facientes exsul- tant, quia per vias tenebrosas ambulant, et nesciunt quo emit. Si enim, quia ad poenas tendant, aspicerent, gressum utique cohiberent, noxiamque laetitiam salubri fletu castigarent. — B,) Prudentia servabit te ut eruai'is a muliere, ad litteram a fornicatione generaliter, unde Apostolus, Scitote quod omnis fornicator aut im- mundus aut avarus, quod est idolorum servitus, non habet partem in regno celi Vel per a/zV?/a prohibetur voluntas ; per extranea, actus, ut cum dicitur. Non mechaberis, non concupisces uxorem proximi tui. lEph. 5 : 5. "-Cor. s'. -'Deut. 5 : 18. ^Deut. 5 : 21. V I I I'ol. 3, c. ne es de rien acuintc. U la femme de qui cniutise delivret hume, ço est la doctrine as hérites qui est cume femme es- trange ; luenz est de la fei commune. Moles paroles ad, cume dit David, Molliti sioif scniioncs ciiis super oleum, et ipsi sunt jaeitla} Moles sunt ses paroles si cume oille, e neporoc si fièrent il e blescent. La malveise femme se isset" le dutre de sa juventé, ço est sun mari ; e la doctrine as hérites laissez'' sum mestre de qui ele ad aprise la fei de sainte iglise. Iv la malveise femme obliet le cuvenant (jue ele ad feit a Deu, queuses de garder fei a sun seignur ; e li hérite ublient le cuvenant que il unt feit a Deu de refuser le diable e tûtes les sues pompes. Dunt Jacobus dit, li apostles, Si qiiis auditor est vcrbi et non factor, hic compara- bitur vira eonsideranti vultuvi 7iativitatis sue in speculo : con- sideravit se et abiit et oblitus est qualis fuit.^ Huem, ço dit, c^ui et le ben e nel fet, est ausi cuui cil qui se miret ; si s'en vat e tost obliet quels il est. Si funt li hérite, quant il deveient en fause doctrine ; tut oblient le cuvenant qu'il unt feit a Deu al baptesme. Inclinata est enim ad morton domus eius, ad ifi/eros sémite ipsius. [II, 18.] Bon est estre délivré de la femme avutre e foie, car la sue meisun est enclinée a mort e les sues sentes vunt en enfer; tutelasueconversaciun est malveise. Ses sentes, ço sunt ses privés conseils, e ses privées oevres; tûtes vunt a Vel mtilicre, id est doctrina heretica. . . . Quae mollit, etc. Molliti sermones eius super oleum, et ipsi sunt jacula. Ducem, primum virutii, vel doctoreni fidei, vel diiceni, superiorem rationis partem ; e\. pact uni Dei, pactum V>aptismatis vel confessionis. Ohlila est : l^nde Jacobi epistola, 1, Si quis auditor fuerit et non factor verlii Dei, comparaljitur viro eonsideranti vultum nativitatis suae in speculo ; consideravit et abiit et oblitus est qualis fuerit. Donins, conversatio Inclinata est ad mortem, eternam Semitone, occulta consilia. Ad cani, mortem. 'Ps. 54: 22. -Sup. de. -^Cor. -set. *Cor. fuerit. James i : 23. 12 Fol. 3, à. destrnctiun ; e sa tneisun, ço est sa char en la quele ele se enveiset, est mult enclinée a peine pardurable. E des héri- tes est ço veirs que lur meisun est enclinée ; ele n'est mie fundée sur la ferme piere, ço est en la fei Jesu Crist. Pur ço tendent les sues sentes a mort, e les sues siutes. Ovines qîci higredhintiir ad eitin non revcrtoiùir, ncc appré- hendent semitas vite. [II, 19] I,a foie femme ne perist mie suie, mes tuz ices qui a li entrent ne returnerunt pas par sei, se Deus nés engettet. Pécher puet hum par sei, ne prendrunt il pas les sentes de vie, car il meimes sunt pris a laz se Deus nés engettet. Ut ambiiles in via bona et calles justorum custodias. [II, 20] Cointise, ço ad dit, te guarderat, se tu es sages, que tu seis délivré de maie veie e que tu ailles en veie bone; ço est, unité de dreite fei, dunt nostre sire dit. Ego sum via ; e aillurs redit il, Nemo potest venire ad patrem nisi per nie.^ Nuls ne poet venir a mun père si par mei nun. E que tu guardes les sentes as justes, ço est que tu guardes les es- amples as seinz. Quienim recti sunt habitant in terra, et simplices pervianebnnt in ea. Impii vero perdentur de terra et qiti inique agiint auferen- tiir. [II, 21, 22.] Mult at dit de la vie as bonsede la vie as malveis ; ore dit quele fin averunt e li un e li autre. Qui drei- turel sunt, ço dit, habitent en tere, e li siple" parmeindrunt (Potest domus adulterae, ipsa ejus caro, in qua turpitudini et luxu- riae substernitur, accipi, quae novissimi tempore judicii, non ad vitam, sed perpetuam resurget ad mortem. Sed et haereticorum domus, quia super arenam construitur, etiam cum stare videtur, vergit in casum, suisque incrementis quasi quibusdam semitis, ad impiorum consortia, id est, ad spirituum tendit tormenta nialignorum. — B.) Non reiv lient ur, per se et prudentia servabit te id ambulcs in via bona. ( — Ut ambides in via bona, etc. Viam bonam, unitatem dicit rectae fidei de qua Dominus ait, Ego sum via [Joan, xiv) ;et rursum! Xeino potest venire ad Patrem, nisi per me [Ibid.). Calles autem justorum, multifaria sanctorum exempla nominat. — B. ) 'John 14 : 6. -Cor. simple. 13 I"ol.4. a. cil H ; mes li rcliiu sciruiit ckjcUé de Icrre e qui felonies sèment e oevrent en ierent tolu. Seinte iglise est ci siji^ne- fieé par luni de terre qui cuslumiere est de germiner espiri- tel fruit al ues Deu.(hj cierna ['bi veiba, non opus, egestas ibi, operis vel veri boni.-' . . . Corciia, eterna pro virtutilms sapieiitiuni, vere, est divitiae eoritni, non terrenuni eniolunientum. Fatuitas stultorum est imprudentia. Scilicet quasi iraprovidi eternoruni de presentibus tantuniniodo coinmodis gaudent. Testis, catholicus praedicator, qui praedicat fideliter verbo et opère. A?7i<';w/, occasionaliter a poena et culpa. Vel testis Q.\\x\?,\x\?, fidelis qui sub Pontio Pilato testinioniam reddit, scilicet bonam confessioneni, //({"éra/ a pena et culpa in futuro. \'ir versipellis, diabolus vel eius membra qui mala quae suggerit, bona mentitur. . . . Alia translatio : Incendit autem mendacio dolosus. 'J/y. traslaciun. -M. veri verbi Dei. ♦ 28 In timoré Domini fiducia fortihidinis , et filiis crif spes. Timor Domini fo7i s vite, tit dedinet a rîiina mortis, in nmlti- tudine populi dignitas regis, in pmicitate plebis ignominia pri7icipis. Qui paciens est jnnlta giibernatjir sapientia, qni autem inpaciens, exaltât vocem suam. [XIV, 26-30.] En la poiir de Deu, qui est comencement de saver, est fiance de force. Tant cume plus cremum Deu, tant despisum nus plus forment la poiir del munde ; e as fiz de ceste poiir iert espérance. Co est, il consiverunt ço qu'il espeirent. Cil sunt fiz de vertu qui en vertu s'estudient, e cil ûlii resurreccionis qui apurtienent a la joie de la resurrectiun. La poiir Deu est funteine de vie, car ele meinet a Deu qui est funtaine de vie pardurable la qui espérance drescet li povres, guvernet, et feit décliner del trebuch de mort. En multitiidine àç: poeple est digneté de rei, tut ad literam. Davit numbrat le suen a sun damage. Jesu Crist mustret la sue digneté en ço que tanz genz creient en lui. En poi de poeple est la male renumée de prince ; petit at de renumée Fol. 30 a. qui petit ad de efforz, e li hérite sunt de male renumée qui poi unt del poeple, ne mie poi quant a numbre mes poi quant a pris, car petit valent li lur. De grant sens est guverné qui pacient est. As autres vertuz est huem cume serf ; qui ceste ad, maistres est e sires. Dunt Deus dist : In paciencia vestra possidebitis animas vestras} En pacience serrez vus seignurs de vosz almes. Qui sanz pacience est, esaucet sa folie. In timoré, qui est initium sapientiae, est fiducia fortitudinis . Quia tanto fortius terrores mundi despicimus, quaiito nos plus Deum time- mus. Et filiis eius, tinioris, erit spcs. Id est, consequeutur quod sperant. . . . Filii titnoris Domini dicuntur qui timoré Dei reguntur, sicut filii virtutis et resurrectionis qui virtutibus student et qui ad re- surrectionis gaudia pertinent. Timor Domini est Jons viiae, Id est, ducit ad Deum qui est fons vitae utriusque, cuius spes erigit timentem et regit id dedinet a ruina mortis ... /;/ niidtitudine populi, Deo servientis, dignitas, gloriosa, regis, Christi ; et ad litteram verum est. Unde, David numeravit populum malo suo. In paucitaie plebis .... ignominia principis, diaboli, vel heretici ; hi pauci dicuntur qui nulli- us sunt pretii Qtd patiens est nmlta gubernatur sapientia. . . . In aliis virtutibus inservitis(?)^ sed in patientia vestra possidebitis an- imas vestras. 'Luc. 21 : 19. '^Jlls. invitis. 29 I 'ifa cariiiiini, satiitas cordis ; pulrcdo ossiion^ iiizidia. Old caltii)ip)iiatitr {ro^r/i/oii) cxprohat factori cius ; ho)ioriit ail It»! iinii (jiii iiiiscrctur pauperis^ hi iiialicia sua cxpcllitur inipiits : spiral Justus in luortc sua. hi corde prudcntis rcqiiicscit sapicncia, ct iiidoctos quosijue criidirt. Justicia clcvat gciitoii ; uiiscros J'acil populos pcccatum. [XIV, 30-34.] Sancté de quor est vie de char. Co est, par le eniiocence del quor est savent esforcié I'enfer- meté qui defers est. Knvie est pureture des os. Co est, par envie périssent quant a Deu les overaignes qui fort semblent a humains oilz. Par la char entendez ci les feiz enferms ; par les os, les forz. Qui blasment les busui^nus, reproesche fait a sun feitur : qui merci at de povre.' iCn sa malice est débutez li feluns. Co redit li poètes : Exemplo quodcumque malo conunittur, ipsi Displicet auctori." Fol. 30 h. Quanque I'um unques feit par mal esample primes despleist a celui que feit I'at. L,i justes espeiret ne'is en la mort. Car il dit od Tapostle, Cupio dissolui et esse cum Christo.^ Jo desir estre deslié del cors e estre od Deu. Al cuer del cuinte hume se reposet saver, e les nun sages en.segnerat, car il profitet a sei e as altres. Dreiture eslievet gent al ciel, pecchié feit le poeple chaitif, car en poverté e en enfer le aimet/ { I 'itti raniium, sain'las ccrdis, etc. Per caniein, infirma quae-laiii ac tenera ; per ossa fortia acta signaimir. Bene ergo dicitnr, / itn caniiiitn, satiitas cordis, quia si mentis innocentia custoditur, et si qua foris infirma sunt, quandoque roborantur. Et recte subditur, Pittirdo ossiuui, invidia, quia per livoris vitium ante Dei oculos pereunt ea quae hunianis oculis fortia videntur. — B. ) N. 76 a. Ill malitia sua. . . . Exemplo quocumque malum conunittur, ip.ridis- i^I- 153 b. plicit auctori. Prima haec est ultio, etc. Justus spcrat itiaiii iu morte sua. Cupio dissolui et esse cum Christo. Iu corde prudeutis requies- cit. Sibi proficit et aliis. Justilia elevat, ad coelum, ej^euteiu Peccatum facit populos miseras, quos deducit ad infernos. ^Sup. le honuret. "Juv. xiii, i. -'Ad Phill. i : 23. ^Cor. ameinet. 30 Acceptus est régi minister intelligens^ iraaindiam eius imitilis siistinebit. Responsio mollis frangit iram^ sertno durus suscitât furorem. Lingua sapientis ornat scienciam OS fatuorum ebiillit stiilticiam. In omni loco oculi Domini contemplantiir bonos et malos. Lingua placabilis lignum vite^ que autem immoderata est^ conteret spiritum. [XIV, 35-XV, 4.] Sergant sage e entendant est acceptable a rei. ' Tel quert neïs Jesu Crist, a qui il dit : Quia super paiica fuistifidelis, supj^a midta te constituam} Pur ço que tu as esté sur le meins leans, jo te metrai sur mult. E li fols sergant sufferat suvent la ire sun seignur, e al derain le frat jeter en tcnebras cxtenores. Mole response depiecet ire ; dure parole suscitet forsenerie. Issi respondit le fiz Salemum a sun poeple. Groissnr est, dit il, le miens deiz Fol. 30 c. que ne fut la espaude mun pere qui vus bati de cureies ; jo vus bâterai de escorpiuns. Pur teles dures manaces perdi le règne sun pere. La lenge des sages aurnet science, cum nosz sages peres qui aurneement espunent sainte escripture. La buche as fous esbuillist folie, si cum lierite qui lur sens mistrent avant d'autorité, e si cum li paen filosophe, Por- phirius, Julianus, e li autre, qui cuntre les docturs de .sainte igli.se estriverent par la fiance de lur grant engin. Li oil Deu esgardent en tuz lins les bons e les malveis, si cum dist David : Oculi mei super justos, et vidtus, sa dure chère, est super faciejites mala.'^ Lenge pleisible est arbre de vie. Car il meinent al fruit qui est Christus e sei e les altres. Lenge desatemprée, que garder ne set mesure ne en preecher ne en el, depiecet le suen espirit e le spirit a ses oiirs. Acceptus est régi, Christo, minister intelligens, cui dicitur: Euge, serve bone et fidelis, quia supra pauca fuisti fidelis, et supra multa te con- stitutain Iracuiidiaui dus, Christi, inutilis servus sustinebit. De quo, Inutilem servum ejicite in tenebras exteriores. . . . Senno dunis suscitât ira m. Ut verbuni Roboam : Pater meus caecidit vos flagellis, et ego caedem scorpionibus. Grossior est mininms digitus meus humero vel dorso patris. Li)iRom. 14 : 23. -Matt. 5: 19. ^Ps. 7: 10. Jer. 17: 10. Apoc. 2: 23. 33 Fol.3i.t>- Cor q-oi(de>is cxilarat facie ni \ in nierore a7ii))ie dcicihir {s/yiriins). Cor sapicnfis qucrit dodrinam, el as stiUtortim pascitur impcricia. Onmes dies pauperis niali ; secura mens quasi juge eonviviuni. Melius par um cum timoré Domini quant tesaufi niagni et insatiabilis. Cuer esjoisant, ço est bone concience, feit heitié chere ; en plur d'alnie, ço est en tris- tesce de enferme concience, est abatuz li espiriz, n'len sule- nicnt la face. O quam difficile est crimen no7i prodere vullu} Légèrement mnstret suvent la cliiere de peccliié. Le cuer al sage hume quert doctrine, e la bûche as fols est pue de folie. Tuz les jurz as fols sunt mal, mes curage sëure est cum pardurable cunvivie. Ço est li poeples Deu qui ci troevet travail e dolur, est ci poevres e ad asez mais jurs. Duut li apostles dist : Redimentes tempus; quo7iiam dies mali sunt.- Il nus roevet reindre nostre tens fere bien tant cume nus poiim, car noz jurz sunt malveis. Curage scur apelet ici celui qui est sanz la poiir de Deu, qui est cume sanz cure de la vie pardurable. Cil se delitet as délices del niunde si cume de continuel convivie. Mes mielz est est un poi od la poiir de Deu que granz tresorz nun saulables. Ço redit Fol.3i,c. David : Melius est modicum justo super diviclas peccatornm multas^ Al produme vaut mielz sun poi qu'ai peccheur sun mult. Car al peccheur qui est aver est cume al idropic, cum plus beiv* del euve plus puet. Dunt li poètes dit : Crescit amor numeri,* quantum ipsa pecunia crescit.® Tant creist li amurs del denier, cume li avers. *f» y^ îjî yf, «^ ïjî /« ;«rt^;'or^ a«/«//, conscienciae aegrae, dejicitur spirittis, non faciès tantuin. lieu quam difficile est crimen non prodere vultu. . . . Om- îtes dies pauperis, populi, Dei, niali propter mala quae fiunt in eis. . . M.i53,c. Apostolus, Redimentes tempus, quoniam dies mali sunt. i\ fens secura, a timoré Dei, vel sine cura vitae eternae, est quasi juge convivium. Qui mundo fruunlur quasi jugi convivio delectantur. Melius est p ar- um, etc. Melius est modicum justo super divitias peccatorum multas. Insatiabiles. Quo plus sunt potae, plus sitiuntur aquae. Crescit amor nummi quantum ipsa pecunia crescit. 'Ovid. Meta II, 447. -'Eph. 5 : 16. »Ps. 36 : 16. ^Cor. beit. ' ^j^ ^^ N. 76 d. Abominatio est Domini omnis arrogans, qui sibi bona attribuit, vel solum se dicit valere et nullum alium ; é'/ï(7^« 5Z ;««;//« in manu non erit innocens. De hoc supra xxvi. ( This refers ta the gloss on xi, 21, as fol tozvs : 3Iamis in manu ^osiia. non operatur inique, sed tamen non est innocens. ) {Abojninatio Domini est omnis arrogans, etc. Ouicunque sibi trib- uit bonum quod facit, etiamsi nihil mali videtur mauibus operari, jam cordis innocentiam perdidit, in quo se largitori donorum praetulit. Et ideo talem Conditor suus abominatur, ut reum, quem beneficiis suis esse contemplatur ingratum. — B.) Cum placuerint Domino viae hominis inimicos convertit ad pacem. .... Tanta est sanctitas religionis ut qui foris sunt cum eis pacem habeant quod Deo perfecte servire considérant, quamvis religione dis- cordent, ut in Daniele et pueris tribus ; et saepe non solum ad pacem sed ad fidem conversi sunt. 35 Ablwwiiiatio aput Dominum pondus et pondus; sfatcra do/osa uofi est bona. Co est devant dit e glosé. A Domino din'guntur grcssus viri boni. Quis autcni hominum intclligere potest viani suam f Ruina est kominis devorare sandos et post vota traetare. Dissipât impios ?ex sapiens et C2irvat supcf cos forniceni. Lucerna Domini spiraeuluni /iotninis,que investigat omnia seereta cordis et ventris. [XX, 23-27] Deiis drescet le veies al home, nient la sue franche volenté. Dunt Ysaies dist : Opera nostra operatus es, Domine} Sire, tu as oevré nosz oevres. Ausi dit ci queles veies del prodonie drescet . Deus, car quels des homes poet entendre e saver sa veie ? Car queres' nuls ne pot saver ne cument ne cum lunges il vivrat. Tresbuch e destructiun de hume est devurer les prodes homes, e retraire sei après sun vou. Car Deus dist : ] 'ovete et reddite} Se vus voez, si rendez. L,e voer* a nostre volenté, mes le rendre est al cummandement Deu. vSages reis destruit les feluns e arche de victoire curvet sur els. Custume fut ancienement, quant uns hauz huem aveit eu victoire sur ses enemis, si feseit drescier une arche eu un liu haute e en celé arche peindre e descrivre les loenges de sa victoire ; e quant li mal hume ierent del tuit destruit en la fin del siècle, dune celebrerat nostre sages reis Deus la sue victoire od ses amis. L'autre translaciun dit que li sages reis jettet sur ses enemis roe de mal e de peine, ço est peine pardurable qui ne n'at fin ne queP la roe. Ço redit David : Deics meus, pojie illos tit rotamf" Beau Sire Deus, Abominatw, etc. Huius quaere expositionem praecedenti capitulo, in principo. A Domino dirigiintur, non a libertate arbitrii. Ysaias: Opera nostra operatus es, Domine. . . . Otiis hominum. Quasi in hoc potet, quia onniia a Deo, quia nec per libertatem arbitrii. Quis . scire potest qualiter vel quamdiu vivere possit? . . . retractarc, retra- liere. Post vota. Vovete et reddite, id est, si vovete, reddite Dissipât, etc. Mos fuit antiquis ut adepta de hoste victoria fornices sibi érigèrent in quibus viriuin suarum laudes describerent. . . . Sic Christus non solum impiorum malitiam destruit in fine, sed magnam cum electis suis eiusdem triumphi gloriam célébrât. Antiqua trans- latio : Ventilator impiorum rex sapiens et immittetillisrotam malorum; id est, poenam aeternam, cui rotae contraria est corona vita quam re- promittet Deus diligentibus se. Deus meus, pone illos ut rotam, etc. ^Isa. 26 : 12. '^Cor. gueres. ^Ps. 75 : 12. *Sup. est. ^Cor. que. sps. 82 : 14. 36 met tes enemis cume la roe, qui deriere se lievet e devant chiet ; e li mal home as temporeles choses, que lur deivent estre ariere dos, se eshaucent, e as pardurables qui lur deiv- ent estre devant, vunt chancelant e cheant. I^i espiremenz Deu, CO est la grace del saint espirit dunt Deusespiret hume, est a hume lumière. Car quant ele vient en hume ele le feit conuistre sei meimes e entendre e penser les pensers qu'il avant ne sot cunuistre, e ele cerchet tuz les secrez del quor e del ventre, ço est de la conscience qui les diz e les feiz retient eu sei e quit, cum li ventres la viande. *j^ ^x* \t* *j^ »4> *j> vi^ ^p* #y* ^T* ^T% ^T^ ^p* ^n Grave est saxum et honerosa harena, sed ira stiilti iitroqiie gravior. Ira von abet misericordiani nec etumpens fîiror, et impettnn furoris concitati ferre quis poterit f Melior est vian- ifesta correctio quarn avior absconditus. Meliora S2int vîdnera diligentis qjiam fraiidulenta odientis osada. [XXVII, 5-6] Pesant est la roche e chargant est la gravele, mes l'ire al fol est plus pesant e de l'un e de l'autre. La roge est la pecchié mortel, la gravele les pecchiez venials, la ire al fol une ténèbre de curage dunt il est enobscuriz qu'il ne poet le bien conuistre. Dunt li poètes dist : Inpedit ira animum ne possit cernere verum.^ Lucerna Domini, divini afflatus illuminatio. Vel spiraculuni Dom- ini, ut dictum est, lucerna homitns, quia cum in hominem venit ip- sum sibi ostendit, qui ante pravas cogitationes portare poterat et pen- sare nesciebat. Veniris, id est, conscienciae quae retinet facta et dicta, decoquit tractando curas ut venter cibaria. ********* N.83b. Grave est saxmn, T^eccatutn cr'wnÀnaXe:. . . . Honorosa arena, veni- M.157C. alia . . . Ira stulti, etc. Est ira per vitium quae extinguit oculum, et haec est stulti. Est ira per zelum quae turbat oculum ad tempus ut postea videat limpidius, et haec bonorum .... De prima : Impedit ira animum ne possit cernere verum. ^D. Cato, II, 4. 37 Fol. 52 d. Li péché criminal e li pecclié venial perent tost e pur ço se en chastiet li enrages, mes l'ire est espiritel vice e nieins est veu e pareçn pur ço grieve plus. Pur ço l'apelet le ire al fol, car li fols ne .se en guardet. Il i at une altre ire dunt hum se curucet al pecché ; tel ire trublet le cil del curage mes nel grievet mie ; de tel ire se curuçat Moy.ses a Pharaun quant il s'en issit iratus n'unis,^ De tel ire est dit : Melior est ira risii.' Mielz vaut ire que risée. Car par tristesce de chiere est chastiez li curages celui qui forfeit, mes quant ire al fol se eschaufet, errant part curage de pieté e laschet le frein a sa forsenerie ; e ço est qu'il dit après : Le ire al fol ne n'at puint de miséricorde, ne forserie'^ qui se mustret, e qui purrat sufïrir la envaïe de commu forsenerie ? Miel- dres est apert chastiemenz que amur musciée. Meilures sunc les plaies de celui qui amet que li trecherus beisiers celui qui het. Ço est, plus profitent les batement Deu qui par amur nus flaclet que les blandices al diable qui nus quiert deceivre. Glossa : Grave est vel uno crimine capitali quasi pondère saxi deprimi, vel quasi glareis arenae .... innunieris peccatis levioribus, onerari ; sed utroque gravier est ira stulti quia haec, scilicet criniinalia et mul- titudo venalium, quo certius quani sint mala, patescuut, id est quo niagis mala esse patent, eo acrius ut castigentur pungunt, id est, per castitatem vitentur. Ira vero quia non eorporale, sed spirtuale est vitium, quoniinus deprelienditur, eo auiplius gravât. Unde non ab- solute iram sed iram stulti dicit saxo et arena graviorem. Nam sap- ientes quo modo actus et sermones, ita quoque mentis motus examin- ant et castigant. Glossa : stulti, de quo supra. Justi non talis, nam de IMoyse dictum est quia exivit a Pharaone, iratus nimis. De tali ira dictum est : Melior est ira risu, quia per tristitiam vultus animus cor- rigitur delinquentis. Ira stulti ubi incanduerit mox viscera pietatis amittit et furori frena laxat ; et hoc quod subdit. ha sciKcet stulti, lion hahet tJiiseri contiavi, etc. Meliora, utiliora. Viilncra, verbera, M. 157 d. diligentes, Dei qui flagellât quam diligit, quaui fraudiilenta oscuta, blandimenta diaboli decipientis et erroribus faventis. ^Ex. 11:9. -Eccle. 7 : 4. '-'Cor. forsenerie. 38 Anima satiirata calcabit faviiui ; anima esuriens et amarnm pro diilcis siimet. Siciit avis transmigi^ans de nido sitOy sic vir qui relingnit locum siiiim. Ungnento^ et variis odoribiis delectatnr cor. et bonis aniici consiliis aniînns decoratiir. Amicuni tmim et amiciim patïHs tui 7ie dimisej'-is^ et doniiun fratris tiiine ingrediaris in die af- flictionis tue. Melior est viciniisjiixta quam/rater procul. Fol. 53 a. [xxvii, 7-10.] Aime saulée de terrienes richesces def ulerent e mentrat en despit re de miel, ço est la duçur del celeste pais e la duçur de sainte escripture ; mes aime faraeiluse siciens jiisticiam preiidrat amer pur dulz, çoest, l'adversité del siècle sufferat pur la duçur de la celeste boueurté,si cum dist li apos- tles: In infiimitatibiis vieis gloriabar tdhabitet in me Christus."^ Jo glorifierai, ço dist, eu mes enfermetetz que Jesu Crist seit od mei. Si cum oisel qui passet de sun ni, issi est huem qui laisset sun liu. Ço est li prelaz qui laisset sa iglise a qui il deit purveer, e cil qui ad bones vertuz ne deit guerpir ses vertuz dunt profitet a ses temptaciuns. Dunt la scripture dit aillurs : Si Christus^ habens potestatem ascendit^ stiper te, locum tutim ne dimiseris? Se espirit qui ad poesté muntet sur tei, ne laisse pur ço tun liu. Ço est a dire. Se la temptaciun al diable te enchascet que tu te retrais del biens biens que tu feseis, ne lui cunsent. Le cuer est délité de oignement e de diverses odurs Anima saturata \.ç.rr&ms à!W\\\\?, calcabit favuin, dxilcedinem coelestis patriae et sacrae scripturae. Anima esuriens et sitiens jus- titiani et aniarinn, adversa saeculi et mortem, pro dut ci beatudine . . . Libenter infirmitatibus meis gloriabor. . . . Sic vir, prelatus, vel qui- cumque aliis praepositus. Locum ecclesiam cui debet providere ; vel vir vigens virtutibus non debet relinquere virtutes in quibus proficit ad temptationes diaboli. Unde dicit alibi : Si spiritus habentis potestatem N. 83 c. ascenderet super te, locum tuum ne dimiseris. Id est, si temptatio di- aboli tibi institerit ne a bono quod faciebas désistas. '^3Ts. ungente. ^Corinth. 12 : 9. ^Cor. spiritus. *3Is. Ascendi. ^Eccle. 10 : 4. 39 e l'aime est enducie des bons conseils sun ami. Giiarde que tu ne laisses tun verai ami e l'ami tun pere, e ne entres en la maisun tun frère al jur de ta afflictiun. Tes frères est Jesu Crtst, sa maisun est sainte iglise. Ço est, ne te quide a' digne de la connnuniuu de sainte iglise tant cum tu es liez de aucun crime. Mielz vaut bon veisin de près que frère de loing. Veisin qui fraternele compaignie te portet plus tei iert profitable que tun frère germain cjui ne Fol. 53 b. velt aver od tei en comnuni la fei e la dreiture de pitié, si cum li Samaritans fud plus profitable a celui qui fut plaëz que cil qui plus furent precein, quenses li diacnes e li pre- stres qui passèrent par lui. S fade,' fili me, et letifica cor tinnn, ut possis exprobanti fespondere sermonem. Astiitiis videns 7nahun absconditus est; pa/Tidi trajiseiintes siistinuere dispendia. Toile vestime7ita eius qui spospondit pro extraneo, et pro alicnis, aufer ei pig- nus. Qui benedixit proximo sua voce grande, de node cons2ir- gens, maledicenti similis est. Tecta perstillancia in die fri- goris, et litigiosa vndier compara7itur. Qui fetinet eam, quasi qui ventum teneat, et oleum dextej'e sue vocabit. [XXVII, 11-16.] lyi cointes qui veit le mal, il est musclez, mes cil qui sunt petit de sen, il passent e suefrent les damages. Auticmn titnnt, verum. Sed in die afflictionis, etc. Hoc multotiens a scolaribus couiprobatur. Vicinus, ut Samaritanus, quant /rater procul, ut sacerdos vel Levita. Quasi melior est qui fraterna dilec- tione tibi connectitur quam frater qui fidei et pietatis jura tecum habere commuuia uegligit. {IMclior est vicinis jiixta, etc. Melior est tibi vicinus aliquis qui tibi animum fraterna societate connectit, qiiain germanus frater qui jura fidei et pietatis communia habere tecum ueg- ligit. Quod Dominus in parabola vulnerati a latronibus, ejus qui des- cendebat a Jerusalem in Jericho; et Samaritani, qui curam cgit illins, manifeste provabit. B.) ^Sup. estre. "^Sup. sapientie. 40 Toil lui sa vesteure qui pur le estrange ad feit plevine. Ço frat Christus, despoillerat celui des bones oevres dunt il semblot estre vestu qui plevist pur les altres, si cum prélat s'il bien ne se contient. Ço ustes vus là desus. Qui ad benesqui sun presme od grant voiz, e de noiz lievet, sem- blance est a maldisant. Ço est, qui trop loet sun presme u trop le blasmet, u il lui dunet sëurté en la maleure, s'il trop le lot, u en la bone oevre amenuset la simplicité de sun pur quor, se il trop le blamet, e plus nuist que se il le Fol. 53 c. maudesist, car le bien qu'il aveit cumencié pur suverain loër le feit il perdre pur l'amur de teriene loënge. Meisun degutante as jursz de freit e femme tençuse sunt bien acum- paré ensemble. Ço est dit devant. Qui li retient feit si cum il retenist le vent e oile apelerat a sa destre. La destre se moet plus suvent e se ele est ointe si est plus esculurg- able; ensement la femme tencuse ne poet unques estre tenue eu paisible estât. Ferrum ferro exaaiiiur, et homo exacuet facie7n amici sjù. Qui servat ficicm, comedet f niches ems, et qui ciistos est Dojnini sui glorificabitiir . Quomodo in aquis resplendet vultîis pros- piciencitim, sic corda hoininum manifesta sunt pmdentibus. Infernus et perdicio non replebuntur; similiter et oculi hoin- inum insaciabiles. [XXVII, 17-20.] Fer est agucié de fer, e huem aguscerat la face sun ami. Li cunfort e li cunseil Toile, toiles, vestimenta, fructum operum quibus indutus videbatur. Qui spospondit, ut prelatus. . . . Qui bctiedixH, favore super- fluae laudis extollit, vel m.-ilis favendo vel bona plus aequo laudando. . . Maledicenli, quia vel in male opère laudando confiduciam tribuit, vel in bono opère simplicitatem cordis purl minuit, ut qucd superni amoris causa inceperat, humano favore finiat. Tecia perstil- lauiia, etc. De hoc supra. Qui ventum ieneat, id est reteneat, vel oleum, quod cito labitur, maxime a dextera quae movetur frequentius, quasi operosa. Ita mulier litigiosa non potest teneri in statu quieto. '^Snp. sapientiae. -J/s. locabit. ^M. nunquam. 41 des sages humes se entre agusent e délitent. Qui bien guardet sun fer, nianjerat en le fruit, e qui bons guardeins sunt sun seignur, si ert glorifiiez. Co est li sens: Labores man un m tua non quia inanducabis, beatus es et bene tibi erit} Bonneurez est qui del travail de ses mains se paist. Si cum la chiere celui qui i esguardet resplent en l'eve, issi sunt les cuers as humes aperz a ces qui cointe sunt, ço est a ces qui espirit unt de prophecie. Enfern e perdiciun ne ierent ja empli, ja terme ne fin n'avrunt, e li oil a.s humes, ço sunt les ententes qui les terienes choses coveitent, sunt nun saul- able quant al desirier de pécher; pur ço ierent il sanz fin en Fol. 53d. peine pur ço qu'il orent volenté de peccher sanz fin, s'il polisent vivre sanz fin. Quomodo coniprobatur in conjîatorio argentiun et in fo7'7iace aioutn, sic probatiir homo ore laudantis. Si contiideris stiil- tum iyi pila, qitasi tipsa7ias fiiriente^ desiiper pila, non aiifcre- tur ab eo stulticia eins. Diligenter agnosce viiltnm peuoris tui, tiiosque grèges conserva, nam enim Jîcgiter abebis potes- tatem, sed corona tibi tribuetur in gene7'atione et^ genera- tionum. [XXVII, 21-24.] Si cum li argent est provez al sufïïur e li ors en la furneise, issi est huem provez par la bûche celui qui le loet, car a peine se tient huem qu'il ne se esliest d'autre loenge. Se tu batz le fol si cum l'um bat tisane en une pile e fierges ades sur lui od le pilur, ne lui Fernim, etc. Bona consolatio et sapientium consilium, qui dum se invicem consolando instruunt, ferrum ferro acuitur. - Oui scrvat ficuni, etc. Labores inanuum tuaruni quia manducabis, etc. . . . Quomodo in acquis, etc. prudetiiibus, qui spiritum habent prophetiae. Iiifernus et perditio mmqumn replehmifui-, tertninum accipiendo. Siinilitcr et oculi, inienixonas Qor\\n\ qui terrena sapiunt, insatiabiles sunt in desiderio peccandi. Ideo enini sine fine habuerant, si iiaturam haberent sine fine vivendi. Quomodo probattcr, etc. . . . Difficile est non extolli favore populi. . . . 'Ps. 127:2. ^Cbr. feriente. '^Oi/iit et. 42 tolderas tu sa folie. Difficile est a co7tsi(etis revocari. Fort est de rapeler hume de sa custume. Quant li liuns chang- erat sa pel, dune changerat li fels sa felunie. Amieement cunuis la cheere de tes bestes e esguarde tun fuie. Cest dit al pastur qui deit prendre guarde de ses subjecz; les feiz e les volentes a tuz deit cercher se nul vice i ad; tost li deit chastier, car il ne'n avrat pas tuz jurz, ço dit, poesté sur les oeiles Deu, Mes il en iert pardurablement curuné se bien les peist en sun tens. Aperta sunt prata et apartiertint herbe vire?ites, etiam col- lecta sunt fena de niontibus. Agni sunt ad vestimenttini tinini, et edi {ad ^ agri precium . Sufficiattibi lac capraruvi in ci- bos tiios, in necessaria dojmis tue et ad \jictuin ancillis luis. Fol. 54 a. Fugit ijnpius nemine perseqîiente ; Justus atitem quasi Ico con- Jide7is, absque terrore erit. [XXVII, 25-XXVIII, i.] Ço est encore de la doctrine as pasturs. lyi pre, ço dit, sunt aovert e les herbes verdeantes aparues e li fein quilli des munz. Li pre sunt les pasturs des sacrementz qui lunges furent closes susz la figure de la lei ; ore sunt overtes par la doctrine del évangile. Les herbes verdeanz sunt les legieres doctrines, dunt li apostles dist : Lac pottim dedivobis} E li fein" sunt espiritel e li plus fort entendement qui sunt quilli des munz, ço est, tolu sunt as orgoillus Judeus. Li aignel te sufïîrunt a ta vesture, e tes chevrilz ierent pris de tun champ. Ço est, Si coittiideris, etc. Difficile enim est a consuetis revocari. Si Aethiops pelleni et pardus poterit mutare varietates et iniquus poterit dejicere iniquitatem. Diligenter, etc. Pastori ecclesiae dicitur. Diligenter adhibe curam hiis quibus (te) praeesse contigerit. Ag- nosce animos actusque singuloruni; si quid vitii in eis inveneris citius N 83 à. castigare memento. Non enim tu semper pascendi doniinicas oves potestatem habebis, sed aeternam percipies coronam si tuo tempore paveris. Prata, sacramentorum pascua, quae figuris legalibus diu fuerant clausa, aperta stint per evangelicam doctrinam. . . . Virenies herbae. Lac potum dedi vobis. Etfoena, esca, scilicet solidus cibus et intelligentia spiritualis. Collecta de montibus, superbis Judeis. . . . 'I Corin, 3: 2. ^3!s. feim. 43 Tu, bon pastur, iers vestu des bones oevres de tes innocens desciples ; e li chevril, ço sunt li repentant qui par tei sunt apelé a penitence, il ierent le pris de tun champ ; ço est, il vendrunt par te ad rcffuiini cclorum, qui est acomparé al champ u li trésors fut truvez, e tu en avras ])ris par le lur convertissement. Suffiset a tei le leit des chevrels a viandes e as estuvers de ta niaisun e al vivre de tes anceles. Çoest, suffiset a tei simple doctrine que vaut as repentanz ; suffiset a tei a viande, ço est a treire en la parole de ta predicatiun ; e seit as estuvers de ta maisun e a vivre de tes anceles, ço est, issi' en doctrine les simples e les pecchurs qu'il puissent Fol. 54 b. après les autres enseigner, e meniement tes anceles, ço est ces qui encore sunt fiebles en l'amur de Deu, qui plus oevrent de poiir que d'amur. I,i malveis s'en fuit quant nuls nel pursiut, mes li justes est fiançus cume liuns e pur ço iert sans poiir. Ço est, qui fîebles est en fei, tost le guerpist, meis li fort se fiet en celui qu'il prendre ne poet. Propter peccata terre niulti principes eitis, et pi opter hoi)ii)iis sapienciam et Jiornm scienciain qui"^ dicuntm , vitadiicis longior etit. Vir paupef calunipnians pauperes similis imbri vehe- menti quo paratîir fames . Qui derelinquiitur^ legem laiidant impiiim qui custodiiint, s^iccendiuitiir contra eiini. Vifi mali non cogitant judicium, qui autem requirunt Dominum animadvet- tunt omnia. [XXVIII, 2-5.] Pur les pecchesz de la terre ad ele mulz princes e mulz docturs, e pur le saver de hume e Agni sunt ad vestivicntiDU. Tu, O pastor bone, operibus innocen- tium discipulorum vestieris. Hoedi, poenitentes vocati per te ad poenitentiam venient. Ad prditim agri, ad regnum coelorum qui agro comparatur quem emit vir evangelicus. . . . Sufficiat lac iibi capranoii, doctrina siinplicium quae valet poenitentibus . . in ridas, verbuni praedicationis. Et lac capraruin sufficiat ad victuni ancillis tuis. Quod fit quando hii qui nonduni amore perfecto sed adhuc timoré servili domino deserviunt per exemplum poenitentium ad poenitentiam revocantur. {Fiigii iiiipitis neniine pcrscqucnic. Qui non est in fide fortis, etiamsi nullus persecutor insistât, nonnun- quam sponte fidem deserit. B. ) ^Siip. enseigne. "Vulg. quae. "^Cor. derelinqunt. 44 pur la science de ses princes est la vie al dutre plus lunge. Huem poevre avant, qui puis ad poesté e chalenge sur les autres, est semblable al derube de grant pluie que feim ap- areillet e chierté. De ço dist li poètes : Nec belua tetior ulla Quam servi rabie in libera colla surrentis.^ Nule beste plus cruele que serf enragié quant il ad poer e force sur franc hume. Qui la lei guerpist, il loent le felun sic cum dist David : Laiidatiir peccator in dcsideriis anime sue. E qui la guardent, il se curucent e se esprenent nient del jugement qui ert in futnro, mes qui Deu querent, il s'en ap- arceivent de tut, e de quels feiz il avrunt bien e de quels peine. Fol 54 c. Melior est pauper a7nbidans iii siviplicitate sua quam. dives (in') pravis itineribus. Qui custodit legem filius sapiens est, qui auteni pascit comme ssatores confundit patrem siaim . Quiautem coaccrvat divicias usuris et fenore liberali in pauperes congre- gat eas. Qui déclinât adirés suas ne audiat legem, oratio eius execrabilis. Qui decipitjustos in via viala, in interitu suo cor- i'uet, et simplices possidebunt bona eius. [XXVIII,6-io.] Mielz vaut li poevres qui vat en simplicité que li riches qui tent ses malveis chemins. Ço gloset bien David : Melior est modicum justo super divicias peccatorian multas.'^ Sage fiz est qui bien guardet la lei ; qui paist mangurs e bevurs e lech- urs si confund sun père. Qui amuncelet richesces par us- ures e par liberal prest cuntre'* les amuncelet. Liberal prest est quant li créanciers met en la volenté al dettur le guerre- dun del aver preste. Qui decliuet ses oreiles qu'il n'oiet la lei, la sue oreisun iert execrable e nient pleisible a Deu. Propter peccata ierrae imilti principes eius, et doctores, vir pauper, etc., in quo paratiis. Supra xi^iii et xi^iiii. Non belua taetior ulla quam servi rabie, etc. Oui dcrelinquerunt legem, etc. Laudatur pec- cator in desideriis animae suae. Vir Jiiali non judiciuDi, in futuro. [ Viri mali non cogitatit judicium, etc. Omnia animadvertunt electi, hoc est, et futurum esse discrimen universalis judicii, et quibus operi- bus requies, quibus poena retribuetur aeterna. B.] IMelior est, etc. De hoc supra. Melius est modicum justo super divitias peccatorum multas. . . . Qui congregant divitias usuris et foenore liberali. Ouando retributio mutuatae pecuniae in débitons libera voluntate statuitur. 'Nec belua taetior ulla quam servi rabies in libera terga fureutis. In Eutropium I, 183. ^Ps. 35': 16. "^Sup. les poevres. 45 Furor illis secundum similitudincm serpentis ohturantis auras suas} Qui deceit les justes en male veie, ço est en male doc- trine e en mal esample le mcinet, il charrat en sa mort. La peine avrat qu'il avrat deservié e li simple avrunt ses biens, ço est as sues boues oevres se cumfermerunt e les maies es- chiverunt. Sapiens sibi videtiu vir dives, paîiper autempiudens scruta- bit ur eu m. lu exaltacio7ie justoruni multa gloria est; rcgnan- Vo\.^\A.tibus impiis ruine hominum. Qui abscondit scelera sua non dirigetur, qui auteni confessus fuerit et relinquerit ea niiseri- cordiam consequetur. [XXVIII, 11-13.] Al riche hume sem- blet qu'il seit sages, tuit seit il mal bricun, mes li povrescu- intes le cercherat quant il reprendrat ses vices purluichas- tier. En les haucemenz as justes est grant gloire ; quant li felun régnent, dune sunt li trebuch e les destructiuns des humes. Dunt la escripture dit : Ve tore cuius tiramis rex est} Malement estât a la tere cui tirran ad a rei. E li poètes redist : Nec sic humanas evertere Mentes cetera monstra valent ut vita potencium.^ Altre merveille ne destruit pas si les curages as humes si cum la malveise vie des maistres. Qui mucet les felunies ne n'iert dresciez ; qui les regeïrat e les guerpirat, il consiverat miséricorde. Qîà declitiat, etc. Psalms lvii. Furor illis secundum similitudinem serpentis; sicut aspidis surdae et obturantis aures suas . . . Qui drcipit, prava doctrina vel exemple .,./;/ interi/u. Poenam quam meretur incurret, et si)iip/ices possidebunt bona . . . Bonis etiam eius operibus se quandoque conformant et eius mala abiciunt et vitant. Sapiens sibi î'ide/ui\ etiamsi stultus est. Pauper priidcns scruta- bitur emn, reprehendo eius vitia causa correctionis . . . Peg- nantibus impiis ruiiiae hominum. Ve terrae cuius princeps tyrannus est. Vel regnantibiis impiis, principibus vel prelatis, sunt ruinae /io)>iinttm in peccatis. Nec sic humanas evertere mentes edicta valent ut dicta potentium. 'Ps. 57:5. -Eccle. 10:16, Vae tibi, terra, cuius rex puer est. 'Claudiani, lib. iv, de Consulatu Honorii Augusti, 300-301. Nec sic inflectere sensus Humanos edicta valent quam vita regentis. — Mon. His. Ger. A. A. 10, 161. 46 Beatus homo qui semper est pavidus ; qui vero mentis estdui'e corruet in malum. Leo rugiens et ursus estiriens, piinceps impius sîiper populum pauperem. Dux indigens prudencia multos opprimet per calumpniam ; qui autem odit avariciam, longi fient dies eius. Hominem. qui calumpniatur anime san- gimiem , si usque ad^ lacum. fugefit, nemo sustinet. Qui am- bulat simpliciter salvus erit ; qui perversis ijigreditur viis con- cidetsemel. [XXVIII, 14-18.] Boneurez est huem qui tiiz jurz est poiirus ; qui de dur curage est, charat en mal. Car de tant est l'ire del jugement plus estreite, cum plus^ est ci cremue. Leuns ruant e urs feimeillus est felun prince sur Fol. 55 a. povre poeple. Quant allegorice,Mi feluns princes est li eri- tes u rei tiran ; li poevres poeples est sainte iglise. Duitre bosuinus de cuintise aquiserat multz par fans chalenge ; qui het avarice, ses jurs ierent feit lung. Nul huem ne poet sustenir ne délivrer hume qui chalenget s'aime de vie, s'il une fie descent e fuit jesque en parfunt d'enfer, quia in in- feryio non est redemptio. Qui vat simplement, sauf iert ; qui en purverses veies entret, il charrat une fie, ço est parfite- ment. Qui operatiir terram SKani satiabitiir panibiis ; qui sec- tatiir odium., replebitur egestate. Vir fidelis 7nultuni laudabitur ; qui autein festinat ditari non erii innocens. Qui cognoscit injudiciofaciem, 71071 be7iefacit ; iste et pro buc- cella panis deserit veritatem. Vir qui festinat ditari et aliis i7ividet, igno7'at quod egestas supe7've7iiet ei. Qui co7Tipit hoî}ii7ie77i, g}'atiai7i postea i7ive7iit aput eu77i, i7iagis qua77i ille qui per blandime7ita decipit. Qui bien oevret e cultivet sa terre, si ert saiilé de pains ; qui siut usdivesce, iert empli de suffreite. Huem leal iert mult loé ; qui se hastet d'estre riche, Beatus homo qui semper est pavidus . . . propter hoc ira judicis tanto districtior portabitur quanto nunc minus timetur. Leo rugiens . . . et ursus esuricns princeps iiiipius super pauperem populum. . . . Allegorice princeps, haereticus et tyrannus, et pauper populus est ecclesia. . . . Ad lacum infernum, fugerit a Deo. Nemo sustinet, sublevabit, subveniet. Quia in inferno nulla est redemptio. Semel, perfecte. ^Ms. lac. 'Cor. meins. ^Cor. quant a allégorie. 47 ne iert pas innocent ne sancz pecchié. Qui conuist face in jugement, ço est qui pur hume feit encuntre" dreit, ne feit pas bien, car pur une bucliié de pein guerpist. Qui se hastet d'estre riche' des autres ad envie ; il ne set mie quel suffreite lui vendrat sur le chief, car ne prent guarde quel Fol. 55b. est pecchié. Les biens del munde esguarde qu'il desiret e les peines ubliet qui lui survienent. Qui chastiet hume sage, grace troevet après envers lui plus que cil qui par bêle lenge deceit e par losenge. Qui subtraJiit illiquid a paire siio vel a 7natre sua et dicit hoc non est peccatum^ particeps Jiomicide est. Qui se jactat et dilatât., jurgia concitat ; qui sperat in Domino., sajiabitur. Qui confidet in corde suo., stultus est ; qui autcm graditur sapienter.^ ille laudabitzir. Qui dat pajiperi., non indigebit ; qtii despicit dcprecantem.^ susti- 7iebit penuriam ; et cum surrexerint impii^ abscondentur Jiomines ; et cum illi periei'int.^ nuiltiplicabuntur justi. [XXVIII, 24-28.] Qui emblet e sustrait a père u a mere e dit que ço n'est pas pecché, parcuniers est a homicide. Qui se vantet e se magnifîet e eleescet, si muscet estrif ; qui espeiret en Deu, cil est sanez. Qui se fiet en sun cuer, si est fols ; qui vad sagement, cil iert loez. Qui dunet al povre, n'en avérât sufïraite,mes qui despit le requérant, il suffrat me.saise. Quant li felun leverunt, si se muscerunt li hume, e quant il ierent péri, serrunt li juste multiplié. Ço est prophecie de la persecuciun que seinte iglise suffrit al cumencement, quant li produme se tapirent e quant Deus en prist aperte vengance des persecuturs, si se mistrent apertement avant. N Ignorai . . . cum quaelibet bona mundi desiderat, quae de future damna patiatur, ignorât. Qui corripii hominem sapientem. Mag is qua VI ille, etc., quam adulator. [Patet ergo sensus, quia fervente impiorum persecutione abscon- dentur saepe fidèles. B.) *Ccr. sanz. -J/s. encutro. ^Sup. e. 48 Fol. 55 c. Viro qui corripiente^n dura cervice contemp7iit repentinus superveniet interitus^ et eiwi sanitas ?ion sequitur. In multi- plicatione justorum letabitur vulgîis; cum inipii sumpserint principahim gcviet populus. Vir qui amat sapiencia?n letificat patrem suum; qui autem nutrit scortian perdit sïibstanciarn suam. Rex justics eriget terrain; vir avarus destruet earn. [XXIX, 1-4.] Subdeine mort vendrat sur celui qui od dur cervel despit le castiant, e sancté nel siverat. En mul- tipliement des justes se esleescerat li poeples; quant li felun avra receu seignurie, dune si giemdrat li poeples. Huem qui aimet saver esleescet sun père; qui nurist putein pren- 4 drat^ sa substance. Rei justes esleverat sa tere; huem aver la destruerat. Homo qui blandis fictisque sermoiiibus loqîiitur amico s2io, fete expandit pedibus suis. Peccantem viruni iniqinun invol- vet laqucus, et Justus laudabit atque gatidebit. Novit Justus causam pauperum; impius ignorât scieiiciam. Homines pesti- Icntes dissipafit civitatem; sapientes vero avertunt furorem. [XXIX, 5-8.] Huem qui parolet a sun ami bêles paroles e feintes, il lui gettet la rei devant les piez. Sun pru dei ami dire a ami, nient ço que lui delitet. Ivaz envoluperat humme felun pecchant; e li justes loerat la dreit jugement Deu de la sue deliverance e de la dampnaciun as malveis e se esjoierat. lyi justes cunuist e aidet l'acheisun as poevres; li feluns ne set science. Huem cruel e barattur destruient cité; li sage desturnent forsenerie. Fol. 55 d. r'/'r sapiens, si cum stulto coutenderit, sive irascaticr, sive l'ideat, non inveniet requiem. Viri sanguinum oderunt sini- piicem; justi'^ autem querunt animant eius. Totuni spiritm?z sinim prof ert stultus ; sapiens differt et réservât in posterum. Princeps qui libenter aiidit verba mendacii omnes ministros habct inipios. [XXIX, 9-12.] Huem sage, se il estrivet od le fol, u se il se curucet, u se il rit, ne truverat repos. N. 84 b. Homo qui blandis Non debet amicus amicum inescare sed potius quae prosint quam quae délectent dicere. ^Cor. perdrai. '^Ms. injusti. 49 Se il roprcnt ses vices u s'il le sunuinl par les pruiiiesses de pardurable vie, en vein parolet, ncl poet a repose traire. Hneni de sanc het le simple, mes li justes quert la sue aime pur guainer la al ces Deu. I^i fols, quant il se curucet, met avant tut sun espirit; tute sa ire mustret par la enpeinte de inpacience, mes li sages neïs curucet e tariez se estuit jesque en avant; sur Deu met sa vengance, od maurissement de cunseil attenuist sa ire. Li princes qui volentiers ot paroles de mencuenge ad ttiz ses serjantz losengurs e malveis, cuni ces qui querent a lur .seignur pleisir. Pauper et creditor obviave? nut sibi; iiirhisque ilbiminator est Do7nini(s. Rex qui in veritate jiidicat pauperes, tronus eiiis in eternum fiymabitur. Mrga atqiie correctio ttibiietit sapien- ciaiii; puer qui dimittitiir voluntati sue confundet matreni sua m. In uiultiplicatione impiorîim 7rmltiplicabuntur scelera, et justi ruinas eorum videbunt. Erudi filiinn tuum et refri- gerabit te et dabit {dilicias) anime tue. [XXIX, 13-17.] L,i poevres e li creançurs se encuntrerent. Ço est li hum- bles oeures e li despenseres de la parole Deu cuvenent bien Fol. 56a. ensemble en une meimes grace, mes nostre sires aluminet l'un e l'autre; ne cil ne poet creire sanz la grace Deu, ne cil precclier. E tuit ad literam, cil creit a Deu qu'ai povre dunet, e il se entre encuntre,' car tut ne seient oëlment riche al siècle, bien poet estre que oëlment .seient amé de Deu. Rei qui juget les povres en vérité, li suens troues iert fermé pardurablement. Ço est Jesu Crist de qui David dist: Sedes tua, Dc2is, in sec2dum seculi." Verge e chastie- ment durrunt saver; emfes qui est laissié a sa volenté cun- funderat sa mere. Al multipliement des feluns ierent felunies multiplies e li ju.ste verrunt lur destruction!. En- seigne tun fîz e il te recreierat' e durrat cunfort a t'aime. M. 158 b Sive irascalur, peccatis eius ; vitia eius reprobando. Sive rideat, promis-sionibus vitae arteniae euin consolando, iioti iiiveniet rcquicui ; frustra contra insensatuiii loquitur SiuHns, iracuu- dus, />/ry<'/t' iiiipellente iinpatientia A'///w .sy!)/r//'//;« .... Et sapiens, etiani laesus, diffcrt in praesens non desiderans se ulcisci, sed vindic- tain Deo réservât Oinnes ministros impios, quaerentes placera Domino suo. Pauper, huinilis auditor. Creditor, praedicator qui verba Dei com- mittit, obviavenint sibi. Cum in unam pietatis j^ratiam convouiunt, sed neuter superbiat quia, utri usque illni)ii)iatur est Douiiitus, nec iste praedicat nec ille credit sine Dei numine Ad litteram, etiam creditor hic dicitur qui intuitu Dei personae pauperi commendavit,' qui .sibi dicuntur obviasse quia non aeque divites in saeculo.quandoque tamen paviter diligentur a Deo .... T/ironus eius. Sedes tua in saeculum saeculi. ^Cor. encuutrent. ^Ps. 44 : 7. '-^Co)-. refreierat. 'JNI. Commodavit. 50 CuTn prophecia defecerit, dissipabitur popiihis. Qni aistodit legem, beatus. Servus verbis non potest enidiri, quia quod dicis intelligit, et respondere contempnit. Vidisti homiîiem veloceni ad loquendiim; stulticia inagis speranda est quavi illius correctio. Qui delicate a piiericia servuni smim nutrit, postea ilium senciet contumaccvi. [XXIX, 18-21.] Quant prophètes defaudrunt est li pueples destruiz. Co est, qnant li proveire cesserunt de bien parler e de bien overer, dune iert la discipline de la devine lei départie e destruite quant al poeple, que deust le poeple mener a pardurable loer. Fol. 56 b. Serf ne poet estre enseignié par parole, car il entent ço que tu dis e respundre ne volt. E qui de custume sert a sun pecchié, a peine en est chastiez. Tu as veu hume ignel de parler; mielz i poëz. espérer folie qu'amendement. Qui liciussement nurrist sun serf des enfance, après le sentirat rebelle e orgoillus. Vir iracundits provocat rixas, et qui ad iiidignandum facilis est erit ad peccaiidum proclivior. Superbum sequitur humilitas, et humilem spiritu suscipiet gloria. Qui cum fure paiiicipatu} , odit animam suant; adjurantem audit et non in- dicat. Qui timet hominem, cito corruet; qui sperat i7i Domino sublevabitur . Mîilti reqiiiru7it faciem principis, et a Domiiio judicium egiediettir singulorum. [XXIX, 22-26.] Huem irus tarriet tencuns, e qui légèrement se desdeignet enclin est a pecchier. Porte est de tûtes vices ire; se ele est close, si unt les autres vertuz dedenz repos. Humilité siut orgoil, ço est vilté e degettement, ço est une malveisse humilité; e li humbles spirit recevrat gloire. Qui partet od larrun, si het s'aime, car il ot aucun qui le conjuret del enseignier e de mustrer l'aver perdu, e il le set e nel mustret, pur ço destruit s'aime de pecchié; e s'il le laisset de poiir d'unie, n'est mie pur ço quite, car qui hume criempt, tost charrat, e qui espeiret en nostre seignur, siert suslevé. Mulz qui- erent la face al prince e de nostre seignur s'en isterat li jugement de tuz. Cum propketia, Eruditio verbi et operis sacerdotis cessaverit. Dissi- pabitur populiis. Id est, disciplina divinae legis solvetur, qua populus N 84 c ^*^ praeuiia aeterna pertingere debuerat Vel servus, qui servira consvieverit peccato et peccat erecta cervice Vir iracundus. Glossa : Janua omnium vitiorum iracundia, qua clausa, virtutibus intrinsecus dabitur quies. . . . Superbunt sequitur humili- tas, abjectio. Qui cuinftcre paiiicipat. Glossa : Non solum a peccato sed etiam a consensu abstinere docet sapientia ne audiat a districto judice : Si videbas furem, currebas cum eo etc. Non enim fur solum sed ille reus tenetur qui furti conscius, quaerente possessore, non in- dicat. Et ne metu personae potentioris se excuset, addit ; Qui timet etc. 51 Aboviinanttir justi viiuni impiuni, ct abominanhir impii cos qui 'm n\ia sinii via. [XXIX, 27.] Li juste e li felun ue se entreaiment gueres, mes unt en despit li un les altres. ] 'trluiin iustodiens filins extra pctdicionem erit. I 'crba cougngantis, filii vomcntis. Î 'isio, quam locuhcs est vir, cum quo est Dcus et qui, Deo seciim viorantc, confortattis ait: Stul- tissimiis sum viroium^ et sapiencia hominum )ion est viccum. A^oti did ici sapioiciam et 7iovi sapicnciam sauctonan. [XXIX, 27-XXX, 3.] Fiz qui guardet la parole sun pere iert fors de perdiciun. Cestes sunt les paroles del cunquil- lant. Co est cume title. Jesque ça furent les paroles Salo- niun que translatèrent li luinie Ezecliie, li reis de Juda; ci coniencent autre fie les paroles Salomun, e pur ço dit: Cestes sunt les paroles del cunquillant, ço est de eccelsiaste. Car ecclesia en griu, ço est congregatio en latin. E cestes sunt les paroles al fiz vomant. Ci est vomur pris en bon sen. Noz pecchez devum nus vomir e geter fors, mes nient repeirer a ço que nus vomissum cum feit li chiens. Ceste est la visiun que li vassal parlât od qui Deus est, ço est Salomun, qui vit en la contemplaciun de Deu ço qu'il aovrit as humes. E ceste visiun parlât cil qui confortez est de Deu, ([ui demuerent od lui e qui dist: Jo sui li plus très fols des humes. Ço dit il par humilité de cuers, si cum li apostles dist de sei meimes qu'il fut li mendres des apostles. E la sapience des humes n'est pas od mei. Ço est la sapience de cest mund qui est folie envers Deu. N'est pas od mei celé sapience, n'ai jo pas aprise, ço ai jo jette tute ariere dos, pur ço ai jo cunue la science des sainz. Verba congregantis,^ etc. Hic est titulus Hue usque parabolae Salomouis quas transtulerunt(viri Ezechiae;r,egis Juda. Hic iterum verba Salomonis, quod perpenditur ex eo quod dicit, con- gregantis. Congregans enim soiiat Graece, Ecclesiastes, et ecclesia Graece, congregatio Latine; et hoc est congrcgantis, id est Ecclesiastes, vomentis. Evomere, in bono ; vomere enim peccata debeimis'^ sed non ad vomitum ut canis redire. Visio quam locidus est .... vir, Salomon. Quia quod vidit apud Deum contemplando, hominibus patefecit.^ Stultissimus sum viroriim. Hoc huinili corde dicit, ut apostolus dicit se minimum apostolorum Sapientia buius nmndi stultitia est apud Deum ; et hoc est quod dicit, sapientia 158c. iiominum, huiusmundi. 'N. Congregationis M, Congregantis. -Debemus wanting in N, *N. patefacit. 52 Qîiis ascendit in celiim atqiie descendit? Qiiis eontinuit Fol. 56 d. spiritiim viayiibns snis ? Qnis colligavit aquas gicasi in vesti- mento f Quis siiscitabit omnes terniinos terre f QiLod nome?i est eius, et quod noinen filii eiiis , sinostif Omnis scrmo Dei igniins, clipens est sperantihis in se. Ne addas qiiicquayti verbis eins, et arguaris inveniarisqiie mendax. Duo rogavt te, ne deneges niihi antcqjiam moriar. [XXX, 4—7.] Qui muncat al ciel e desceudi ? Quels des philosophes? Nul mes le fiz Deu après la recciun.' Qui tint le espirit en ses mains? Chascun espirit, e de angle e de hume e de beste e de tempeste, est tenu de la poësté Deu qu'il ne defaillet. Qui ad lié les eves si cum en une vesture ? Qui ? fors Deus, congregans siait in utre aquas inaris,"^ si cum dist David. Qui ad suscité tuz les termes de la tere ? Deus ressucitet tûtes les choses vives. Quel est li suens nuns ? E quel est le nun sun fiz? Di, si tu le sez. Dune ad Deus filz. Cest secré ne pot estre seu de seculer science, tuit seusent il que uns Deus fust qui tûtes choses et feit. Ceste autorité est mult cuntre le Gius. Tute la parole Deu, ardent cum feu, est escu a ces qui en lui espeirent. Pur ço dit l'um que la parole Deu est pleine de feu car ele esprent humme de charité, ele le aluminet de science, ele quit e deguastet les soilleures de vices, ele est escu cuntre Fol. 57 a. nosz enemis, cuntre tûtes adversitez. Se lecherie est teses- saute^ ele te guarnist encuntre e dit: Fornicatores et adnlteri regnum Dei no7i possidebïtnt. Guarde que tu n'ajustes rien N. 84 d. Quis, philosophorum, Vel qiiis ascendii in coeluni ? Dei filius post resurrectionem Quis cotitinuit spiritum, etc. in inanibus suis? in potestate. Omnis spiritus angelorum, hominum, animalium, procellarum, continetur Dei potentia ne deficiat quis colligavit, etc. ? Congregans sicut in utre aquas maris. Quis suscitavit otnnes terniinos terrae, etc, Deus omnia quae vivent ut sua vita subsistant excitât Ouod nomen eius, quod nomen filii eius ? Ergo habet filium, et sic probat patrein et filium. Eius mys- terium saecularis scientia scire non potuit, quamvis esse Deum qui omnia fecit perfecta intelligere possit. Et hoc contra Judaeum est, qui filium ignorât Clipeus est. Id est, protector omnium sperantium in se contra hostium insidias et omnia adversa, ut si temptat libido, recole quod dicitur : Fornicatores non possidebunt regnum Dei Sermo Dei dicitur ignitus, caritate enim accendit, scientiam illustrât, sordes exquoquit vitiorum. ^Cor. resurrecciun. "Ps. 32 : 77 '^Cor, En te s'essauce (?) 53 as paroles de lui, que tu ne seis espris e seies truvé a men- cunger. Guarde que tu ne corrunipes seinte escripture, cunie firent li hérite pur ço qu'il ne voldrent estre convencu par lui. Dons choses, sire, te ai demandé, nés me denies ain/, que jo morie. / 'anitatcm et verba meyidacia longe fac a me ; mendacitatem, et divicias ne dederis mihi ; tribiie tantum victui meo necessaria, ne forte saciatns illicia) ad ncga^idîim etdicam : Quid est D om- inusf et egcstate compulsHs fiirer et perjure m nomen Domini, Dei mei. [XXX, 8, 9.] Feites sire loinz de mei vanité e paroles de mencunge, car qui acustumées les at, ne se de- livret mie légèrement. INIendivesce e richesces ne me dunez. Pur ço dit li poètes : Haut facile est equa commoda mente pati.' N'est mie legiere chose porter grant pru od oël curage. Dunt redit li philosophes : Omnia habere non potes, omnia eontempnere potest.^ Tu ne purras ja tut le mund aver, nieis tu purras tuit le munde despire. Oui tuit despit pur Deu, tut at. Dunez mei sulement mun estuver a mun vivre, que jo, trop asazzié, ne seie atrei a denier mun seignur e die : Qui est il ? e que jo ne" destreint par suffraiteque jo emble e parjure le nun mun Deu. Fol. 57 b. A^tin?i non potest siistijiere : Per seri'uni eiim regnaverit; pet stultiim cjcni saturafiis fiierit cibo; perodiosani nndicreni que in matrimonio fiierit assiinipta ; et per ancillam cnni /teres fnerit domine sue. [XXX, 21-25] l^^^ treis choses est la terre commue e trublée, e la quarte ne poet ele gueres pru susteiiir quant il cumencet a régner. Dunt li poètes dist : Asperiusnichil est liumili Cuncta ferit, dum cuncta timet.' Nulecho.se n'est plus aspre que serf qui cumencet a régner ; tuiz fiert car tuz crienip. Par fol ree.st la terre commue quant il est saùlé de viande. Multes folies feit suvent usdivesce e autri pain. Par femme haïe quant ele est prise en mariage. Ceste gettet produme de sa raaisun si cum fumée e pluie. E par ancele quant ele devient eir sa dame. Quatuor sunt minima terre, et ipsa sunt sapienciora sapi- cntibus : Fortnice popuhis infirmiis que préparât in messe ci- bum sibi ; Lepusculus plebs invalida que collocat in petra cubile suum. Regem locusta îiofi habet, et egredietur in u?iiversa per turnias. Stilio manihis nititur"^ et moratjcr in edibiis regis. Fol. sSb. Quatre choses sunt les mendres de la terre^ e si sunt eles plus sages que cil qui sage se tient. Ço sunt en signifiance quatre manières de humes, qui semb- ler ^^tî'^w cuni regnaverit. Asperius nehil est humili cum surgit ad altum ; Cuncta ferit dutn cuncta timet. . . . Per stiUiuni cum saturatiis ftwrit. Vide quid facit otium et panis alienus. Per imdierem odiosani, Haec dominum eicit de domo sua, ut fumus et stillicidiuni. 'Asperius nihil est humili cum surgit in altum Cuncta ferit, dum cuncta timet. Claudius Claudianus. In Eutropiuui I, 118. ^3Is. manititur. '^Ms. de la let tre. 58 ent estre menur e plus dejetté que reprobi, de qui Deiis ne n'at cure,e nepurec si sunt il plus sage que li sage del nnmde. Co sunt al cummencement les f urmies, una assemblée fieble e enferme. Co sunt en signifiance li cloistrer qui tuit unt guerpi, qui poevre e nu sivent Christum 7iudum. Cist sèment en ceste vie tant cum il unt tens de overer dunt il sierunt^ vitam etevjiani cum exultatio?ie . En lermes e en dolurs sèment, en joie cuildrunt lur messun. E li lièvre qui ensement sunt un poeple sanz vigur, qui nepurec lur forme choissisent en piere, ço sunt li clerc, qui poiir unt de mettre sei en religiun, e pur ÇO pecchent plus suvent, e nepuroec après lur délices se reposent iji Christo, petra, qui est refui eHiiaciis, as heri- cuns. Dunt David dist : Petra refugiinn erinaciis, u cito- grillis, u leporibus^ Treis letres i ad, e par les lèvres e par les cunins e par les hericuns sunt li clerc signifié qui sunt e poiirus e plein de spinis de pecchié. Ea lauste, ço dit, n'at nient de rei e si s'en isterat partut^ en granz cumpaignies. Ço sunt li heremite qui od saut se moevent, tuit tressaillent les veies del munde, tressaillent taiuseseespinuses. Ço sunt li bon prélat, n'unt pas rei, ço est ne sunt pas guverné d'umein cunseil, mes d'une lei privée que Deus lur ad mise al cuer par unt il oevrent. Cist sunt comparé al pellican, Quatuor stmt minima terrae. Quatuor hominum genera qui minores et abjectiores videntur quam reprobi, sed tamen sapientiores sunt sap- ientioribus mundi. Fontiicae populus infirmiis, claustrales qui om- nia relinquentes Christum nudum nudi sequuntur. . . . Hii in hac vita, dum tempus operandi, seminant in lacrimis ut in exultatione me- tant. . . . Lepusculus plebs invalida. Hii sunt clerici timentes trans- ferre se ad frugem melioris vitae. Alia translatio ericio. Hii sunt idem spinosi peccatis. Alia translatio cirogrilius, animal astutum et levé. Hii sunt idem clerici qui licet peccent. In peira, Christo, qui est petra refugium herinaciis, sicut in Psalmo, alii cirogrillis, alii lepor- ibus. Collocat cubile suuni, post multas delicias. Regent locusta non habet. Hii sunt beata anchoritarum pallidorum agmina qui, saltu juvantes ut locusta motum, quaeque transsiliunt hiantia, lutosa, spinosa. Hii cerva matutina sunt, non humano reguntur consilio praelati, sed lege privata a Deo eis intimata. . . . ^I have found no example ç/sier (secare) in the sense of receuillir. Cf. English "■reap.''' "//