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 PL 
 
 PREFACE, 
 
 THESE Lessons have been dra\vn up with a view to lielp 
 students of Chinese who know some Mandarin, and who are 
 desirous of commencing the study of Wenli.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 One of the most noticeable changes introduced into China 
 during this generation is the creation of a new style of writing, 
 and a new terminology. 
 
 The example of Japan, and the opening of the world to travel, 
 have led many Chinese students to not only visit foreign countries, 
 but to live in them and acquire the education to be obtained in their 
 Colleges and Universities. The result is that an ever-increasing 
 number return home as graduates of the various seats of learning 
 in the West. Some of these scholars have kept up their Chinese 
 studies and some have not, but in each case they have new ideas 
 and new thoughts which struggle to find adequate expression. Fail- 
 ing to find such terms as they need ready-made for their purpose, 
 they have coined new ones, and so have done to the Chinese tongue 
 what has been done to the English language, i.e., enriched it with 
 words, phrases, and terms. The impact of foreign intercourse in 
 politics, science, trade, religion, etc., is thus showing itself in the 
 creation of a terminology in these various subjects, which twenty or 
 thirty years ago would have been regarded as barbarous and 
 uncouth, but which is to-day freely used in political and other circles. 
 The reason for this is that many are literal, or nearly literal, trans- 
 lations of foreign terms. 
 
 Other things that have helped forward this movement have 
 been the inauguration of a Republic, and the introduction of the 
 modern newspaper. This latter was first in the field, but under the 
 sway of the Manchus was published in the Treaty Ports only, where 
 editors could say their say unmolested. With the introduction of 
 a republican form of government, papers have sprr.rg up < n every 
 hand and express their views unchecked; but whether this larger 
 liberty will be for the ultimate good of the country or not. is open 
 to question. The fact remains, however, that newspapers have come 
 to stay, and not only to stay, but to do all they can to educate their 
 readers. This the desire of the newspaper editor to educate the
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 readers of his paper has caused a considerable change in the 
 language employed, and in the style of writing. Scholars of a 
 generation ago seemed more anxious to display their own learning 
 than to inform their readers, and the more abstruse the style and 
 the more recondite the reference the better the scholarship. 
 Protestant missionary propaganda has largely helped to change all 
 this. The wide dissemination of Christian truth in the form of 
 simple tracts and books, and the distribution of the Scriptures in 
 Mandarin and in many different dialects, throughout the Empire, 
 have done much to open the eyes both of the official and educated 
 classes to the need of a simple style, if they would really influence 
 the masses. For example, the idea of a proclamation being issued 
 in Mandarin, would have been scouted by the previous generation 
 of officials, but during the past few years, even Viceroys have not 
 thought it beneath them to issue proclamations in the simplest 
 of simple Mandarin when they have desired to engage the atten- 
 tion and enlist the sympathies of the people. Some have been 
 issued in j $, plain colloquial, when it has been thought desirable 
 to arouse the people to action. 
 
 This style of thing is likely to increase as the people take a 
 share in the government of the country, and different political 
 parties are anxious to carry the populace with them in elections 
 and public questions. It is not safe to prophesy till after the event, 
 but it looks as though, in the course of a few years, the old style of 
 Wenli will be elbowed out by what may be termed current Wenli, 
 or at least confined to articles in magazines purchased and read by 
 the elect few. It is certain that the new wine will not do in old 
 bottles, it will burst them and the wine will be spilled. 
 
 Needless to say, the Chinese language lends itself most: readily 
 to these new demands made upon it. Like the Chinese people, it 
 retains its own character in the midst of changes, and at the same 
 time has sufficient flexibility to adapt itself to all modern require- 
 ments; so that a living mobile style has sprung up. shewing itself 
 capable of expressing most that is required of it. and lending itself 
 in the hands of a good writer to the expression of anything and 
 everything under the sun. 
 
 VI
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Chinese newspaper, in addition to popularizing this sort 
 of writing, has also created an interest in present-day things that is 
 helping to oust interest in things of the past. President Yuan is a 
 greater figure to-day than Wen-Wang. Telegrams telling the result 
 of negotiations for a Foreign Loan are read with more avidity than 
 classical passages dealing with the length of the Sage's night-shirt, 
 and his partiality for ginger. The colour of his gown and the kind 
 of cuffs he preferred are of little interest by the side of the abolition 
 of the queue and permission for officials on foreign service to wear 
 foreign dress. Hence the student of Chinese who wishes to be at 
 all up-to-date, must have at least a nodding acquaintance with news- 
 papers and newspaper style. The missionary who works among 
 students and the educated classes, can scarcely afford to dispense 
 with a certain knowledge of its contents, if he would understand 
 the conversation of those among whom he labours. 
 
 This book has been written with a view to introducing anyone 
 who has a knowledge of Mandarin to such a style as that mentioned 
 above. It may be regarded as a Supplement to the author's Man- 
 darin Primer (8th. Edition). Bearing in mind the difficulties many 
 lind in passing from the study of Mandarin to Wenli, the Wenli 
 text has been translated into Mandarin and printed in parallel 
 columns in the Lessons. This, and explanatory Notes, should help 
 to make the rough \ aths fairly plain, and enable the student, by a 
 comparison with the Mandarin translation, to grasp the force and 
 use of \Venli words and particles. These latter, which form the 
 principal difficulty, have been treated with some fulness. Their 
 relation to each other, to the progress of thought, together with 
 their value as connectives, are exhibited in the Notes; while a full 
 Index enables the reader to turn up illustrations of their use in 
 varying connectives. Such a word as JJ, for example, studied alone, 
 seems to a beginner well-nigh hopeless, but, when seen in its various 
 settings as a part of the text, it is shorn of half its terrors. To 
 illustrate: a few years ago, a railway in Florida was extended 
 across a large stretch of water. The difficulties of the undertaking 
 were considerably reduced, owing to the presence of a number of 
 small islands which occurred at intervals, and were known as the 
 
 VII
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Florida Keys. The railway was carried from one ' key ' to the 
 other and the waste of waters was bridged. Roughly speaking, 
 Wenli particles are not unlike these 'keys.' If their force and 
 significance are once mastered, half the difficulty of acquiring Wenli 
 is bridged over. 
 
 The English translation is purposely made as full as possible, 
 and in many cases is over-translated for the benefit of the begin- 
 ner: no translation is given of the Reading Lessons; by the aid of 
 the Notes, the learner may make one for himself if he so desire. 
 
 The first few Lessons consist of telegrams taken from the 
 newspaper, and purposely deal in a fragmentary way with the 
 subject in hand: the later Lessons are more connected and elaborate. 
 
 The subjects chosen deal with present-day affairs, and form 
 a memorial of one of the most striking epochs of Chinese history. 
 The fall of the Manchu Dynasty, the Election of a President for 
 the New Republic, the New Educational System, The Life of the 
 first President, etc, make a combination of events of a unique 
 character. 
 
 A selection of such New Terms as are met with in ordinary 
 reading are added to the Index of the words that occur in the book, 
 and are separately defined. 
 
 CiiEi-'oo, January 1913.
 
 INDEX TO LESSONS. 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 " TOMMY" RUN WILD i 
 
 AN EMBYRO PRESIDENT . . . . . . . . . . 7 
 
 " TOMMY" AFTER LOOT .. .. .. .. .. n 
 
 THE EVOLUTION OF A PRESIDENT . . . . . . . . 19 
 
 ARMS AND THE MAN I SING . . . . . . . . 23 
 
 A PRESIDENT DUPED .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 
 
 " TOMMY" TURNED DOWN 32 
 
 A PRESIDENT CAGED . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 
 
 WAYS AND MEANS . . . . . . . . . . . . 3^ 
 
 ROYALTY IN THE ORIENT . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 
 
 THE QUALITY OF MERCY . . . . . . . . . . 47 
 
 INFORMATION ABOUT THE INFORMER . . . 5 1 
 
 DRESSED IN A LITTLE BRIEF AUTHORITY . . . . . . S3 
 
 CELESTIAL FLIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 
 
 A LIFE ON THE OCEAN WAVE . . . . . . . . 60 
 
 DECADENT BUDDHISM . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 
 
 THE PASSING OF THE QUEUE . . . . . . . . 66 
 
 BLANK DESPAIR . . . . . . . . . . ,. . 71 
 
 THE BUBBLE REPUTATION .. .. .. .. .. 74 
 
 SORROW ON THE SEA . . . . . . . . . , . . 78 
 
 FREEDOM FREE TO SLAY HERSELF . . . . . . . . 80 
 
 A FLOURISH OF TRUMPETS . . . . ,. . . . . . 84 
 
 MINERS ABOVE GROUND . . . . . . . . . . 90 
 
 COMPULSORY REFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . 92 
 
 TIMES AND SEASONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 
 
 THE SCHOOLMASTER ABROAD .. .. .. . . 97 
 
 THE FAMINE FETE . . . . . . . . . . .. . 100 
 
 OYEZ! 10^ 
 
 ., . ^j 
 
 THE PEARL OF PARABLES 10; 
 
 ^j 
 
 THE OLD ORDER CHANGI-TH. 108
 
 LESSONS 
 
 IN 
 
 ELEMENTARY WENLI 
 
 LESSON I. H |j| 
 " TOMMY RUN WILD. 
 
 ILL -i--, ti = 
 
 IE: j& lLo0 
 A. 
 
 T 
 J 
 
 * ^ BUM* HE 
 
 The Mutiny at Peking. 
 
 Since the Manchus of the Pure Dynasty promulgated the Edict 
 of Abdication, the troops in the capital have succeeded in scrupu- 
 lously observing military discipline, and have maintained quiet and 
 good order. This evening (however) an unexpected calamity 
 occurred Yuan's troops mutinied, looted, fired upon (the people) 
 and set fire to property in all directions. 
 
 1. } ..... JU ?IS This is a construction in which ft is used in correlation \vith 
 W % to indicate duration of time, and the sentence to which t :c time has reference 
 is inserted between them. So employed f'l may not only be used with expressions 
 which cannot be used alone, as ;. f, ;. Ulf, but also with prepositions which ma\ 
 be used independently, as W ? ; c.p. ft ^ W & since he went from the time of 
 departure; H] si # ^ I'.V from the time of entrance since entering. The sentence 
 that lies between ft and its correlative may be simple or confound, longer short 
 easy op involved. 
 
 m is used below in correlation with a xerb, and in this rase also a sentence 
 lies between them, ft V> lit jl IsJ |''f )j jfif ^ j it started from the side (in the 
 vicinity) of Yuan-sh'i-k'ai's dwelling. Jn Mandarin ft is usually reinforced by {, 
 as at the beginning of the Mandarin text. 
 
 2. ft all. This is usually the equivalent of $j; in Mandarin. In many cases 
 it does not need to be translated, its function being to indicate the plural ; e.g. -Jr. ]^ 
 -f^r the military ...... See below Jfe )f '\f ft the local officials ..... ft- is used in a 
 
 similar sense, separated from ft by the noun : see helo\v fj- j ft YJ" 'Jf ii$ there is 
 fightincr everywhere: this is a common '.instruction and illustrates th fact that it 
 too may be used to express the plurnl i*i certain connections, instead of merely 
 retaining its distributive force: cp. luiglisb. 'each and all.' 
 
 ,}. fj^ have been able to. This word is often used not only of mere ability 
 or potentiality, but also of actual performance. 
 
 4. ^t-; To beget ; to occur ; to take place. 
 
 5- 12 To change from law-abiding subjects to rebels; hence, to revolt; to 
 rebel. 
 
 #/ fj{ ^ ^7" t ( -' 00 ^ ^ ncn d llot enlist, good 2 ran 
 j's not -n^ccl for makin nails. 
 
 :
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 7 
 
 *o 
 
 ft 
 
 A 
 ft 
 IE 
 
 * 
 
 it tit 
 
 ft it 
 tit ft 
 
 '1 
 
 
 
 The outbreak of this evening started in the vicinity of Yuan- 
 shi-kai's residence, and we are convinced that he is apprehensive of 
 danger. 
 
 The heavens were lighted up by the fire from all parts of the 
 city : fire broke out in one part of the Forbidden City also. 
 
 Some foreigners who resided outside the Legation Area were 
 unable at once to take refuge there, but, so far, the mutineers have 
 shewn no sign of enmity to foreigners. 
 
 1. %_ This is a character constantly used in the book style, and is chameleon- 
 like in its manifold meanings and usage : in some connections it defies grammatical 
 analysis. Here it is the equivalent of ftfy as a sign of the genitive of, or belonging 
 to T* $ ;/! jf$ |$| the origin of this evening's calamity. Other examples of its use 
 in this sense may be found below: T(- A . . JS =fi those of the foreigners who 
 resided; |B$ ffr , ^ the aspect of terror; ^S ^ IS the origin of the mutiny; 
 and sc on. 
 
 2. $ that from which motion issues, hence, the origin or moving cause. 
 3- ft % J& see above. 
 
 4. ~fa as here used, often indicates a state or condition "-ft" 1(\ |%r is in a position 
 of peril. See below ~4\ Vn ill -- tE -f.^ ' n a position to control the disorder. So 
 frequently in Mandarin, e g. ^ ' Y) ^ ^ r - Li is in trouble; f(| /f At ii ^ he is in 
 a position of wealth and influence. 
 
 ~t. fej] A candle. One feature of \\ en-li is the use of nouns as verbs, usually 
 in a closely related sense to the meaning erf the noun. Here, it is a short step 
 between a candle and to illuminate. So with ^cf a crown, read in the fourth tone, 
 (- 3) to crown. 
 
 6. ^ Also. A partick- used in the hook style corresponding to -tfl as indicating 
 something additional. 
 
 ')<. Q One difference between Mandarin and VYcn-li is the inversion of order, 
 here 'X i would be $L }<. in the colloquial. See also above ^ &. 
 
 8. ft who ; he wh< . ; \.h'><-: who ; etc. This may be separated from its antecedent 
 by a sentence, or clause, simple or involved. ;7 ; \fore\gncrs ^L some ^f who ^ S 
 reside $J nft Legation '/['- ^ boundary outside. Sec also below fj" J$ A 'fa-
 
 tESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 . . 
 it * & 
 
 
 
 IM 
 
 - 
 
 ISA 
 
 A 
 
 Burning and looting continue without intermission. The 
 fire appears to be spreading. The whole city is in a state of 
 alarm that may not be set forth in words. The streets are choke 
 full of the lawless populace who are acting outrageously, looting and 
 pillaging. The foreign troops and Legation guards are devising 
 means to rescue their nationals (from danger) and move them 
 into the Legations. 
 
 i- 3$ A ^scape enter. So used A is often an equivalent of 'in' and may be 
 regarded as merely completing the action of the verb, sec below iH A '< ?R A- 
 
 2. ftfr . . . . ffr but .... still, faj indicates time in many connections 'up 
 till'; 'so far;' etc. 
 
 3. ;. Note how from 4 all is dependent on this character, making the whole 
 descriptive no enmity regards foreigners' behaviour = 110 hostile bearing to- 
 wards foreigners. 
 
 4. ^ 3$ Properly behaviour; actions; but constantly used as here, to indicate 
 'bearing towards'; 'attitude adopted;' etc. 
 
 5. ^ . . . C This furnishes a good illustration of the terse style of Wen-li. 
 Where in Mandarin two or more characters would be used, one does duty for them; 
 sec Mandarin translation .^ $ fa :( ffy ?$ <% 4^ & ft. It is often a great help in 
 getting at the nv-ining of a "compressed" sentence, to turn it into colloquial. 
 
 6. tl eiu: ; limit; not as in Mandarin in the sense of 'already.' 
 
 7. ^* aspect; condition of things. Aspect either physically or figuratively, 
 hence, 'appear to be.' 
 
 8. M Commonly used as a verb=j(Jfc. 
 
 9. njjfc To illustrate; a parable. Here with ff=to shew; 
 
 "pj ^ ($ may not 
 
 by words be set forth. 
 
 10. T$ sign of passive ; 'by,' not as in Mandarin ' for,' or in an active sense as 
 pfi 1? pTl etc. So frequently, "see below B fli f 7J ftf. 
 
 u. S the full form of [t], here used as an adverb. It is also used as a verb, 
 as are j(v and ^ the full forms of Zl and -p. Of the remaining numerals {2, |J, J#, 
 (H x^ ^L) are used as nouns. 
 
 12. ,^ as a conjunction, the equivalent of -flt or |ii].
 
 WESSONS IN EI^MENTARY 
 
 toflt *< 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 .\;TV inj /u 'n T5C- .* pn 
 
 ^ nf s ft ^ n 
 
 PI ft -b n >P ^ ' 
 
 H 7SS I Dr.* ffif 
 
 fit, 
 
 l?c - pa g 
 
 PI* XV I J^ I-J 
 
 m IE 
 
 f\S^' 
 
 A 
 
 There was the sound of continuous firing; some shots went 
 flying into the Legation Area. 
 
 The main street of the Hata Gate Liang- fu-ching Street is 
 still burning. 
 
 On the evening of the 29th, at 7 o'clock, the troops revolted 
 simultaneously at the Tong-hua Men and the Hsi-hua Men. They 
 rushed through every street firing the houses and pillaging. Fires 
 began throughout the entire sections adjoining both gates, and a 
 strong wind suddenly springing up at the time, the force of the wind 
 caused a greater conflagration. 
 
 Mutiny began because of the cutting down of the pay of the 
 military. It is difficult as yet to foresee the result of this tumult 
 in the streets. The Legation Area is securely closed, and the 
 Legation guards are all stationed in the forts inside, ready to act as 
 the occasion demands. 
 
 1. Yl ~i there were some which. . ?. . 
 
 2. j '{ these are the equivalent of the present participle, and may be 
 
 variously translated, 'just as'; 'during ;' etc. 
 
 3. i!!f time, now commonly used in current Wen-li as the equivalent of an hour, 
 or of fiijf ^ a period of two hoars. 
 
 4. '<\~. A repeated from above. Pronouns are sparingly used; either the 
 noun is repeated or is implied in the construction. 
 
 $. -Tir Used not only of a belt of country but also descriptive of a district 
 adjoining some place previously mentioned, e.g., .1: i| ffi }& # the Shanghai 
 district. 
 
 6. t'ff, a section. Also applied to a body of soldiers. See below, gj ^ and f 
 3S fit 1CI Jill T ^ it was owing to Yuan-shi-k'ai's troops ....
 
 tESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WEKT.I. 
 
 * Mrwif 
 
 i* >! 
 
 /pll -tr 
 
 /rn 
 
 rl 
 
 IS IS 
 
 There was fighting in all parts of the Forbidden City at half 
 past ten p.m. 
 
 This mutiny and its (attendant) evils has its origin simply 
 in the desire to plunder. It appears that a certain company, the 
 Third Brigade, has an evil notoriety. On this occasion, because 
 they would not submit to the order to cut oil their queues, and 
 anticipated that after Yuan-shi-k'ai had been South he would 
 disband the soldiery, they took advantage of the opportunity to 
 plunder, retaining ( the plunder) as provision for the future. 
 
 i. frT: to be ; it is t'.iat: used in Wen-li as the equivalent of usually when 
 some occasion for an action is given; hence "it was owing to." 
 
 - IS JTii & it started because of the lessened issue of military pay (or 
 rations). 
 
 3. Hi] is constantly found attached to a verb that finishes a sentence, and, 
 though essential for style, scarcely needs (o be translated. See below jfij ;6f; ; and % 
 fa fflj &: Standing alone it may introduce the conclusion of a conditional clause in 
 correspondence with some, preceding word such as Sif, or be merely a conjunction 
 " and ; " " but ; " " an 1 yet ; " etc., e.g. (J.^ ffi Jfi it seems right and yet it is wrong. 
 
 4. fit stationed at, in contrast to fi' living at or in. 
 
 5- ? !!'= Hii fv)] waiting the time and then moving, i.e., awaiting developments 
 before taking action. 
 
 6. H -{ 53" $%. newspapers usually give the number of minutes, instead of, as 
 in Mandarin, the quarter and half hours, e.g., -\- 1$ tf? gf. 
 
 7- fr&ffi see above. 
 
 < v - J ! t - P-'l this occasion mutiny calamity's origin. The effect of the mutiny 
 flft trouble, calamity) is tersely expressed by the two characters together. Hence 
 in rendering such expressions into English it is oi't.n necessary to add certain words 
 to fully express the meaning, jft like ;3 i' 1 Mandarin may often be rendered by ' the. 1
 
 tESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 1* 
 
 BR IE -tH 
 IS MS M 
 
 tt 
 
 When they mutinied, the local rowdies also joined them, and set 
 fire to various places in the city. At present the local officials have 
 the situation well in hand and have found no difficulty in restoring 
 order. 
 
 I. ;ie to search into. This word is constantly used to introduce a statement 
 or fresh sentence. So used, it indicates, not so much the act of searching into, but 
 the result of such action, tind may be translated "It appears; " "it would seem; " 
 "I find that;" etc. In some connections it simply marks the beginning of a sentence 
 and need not be translated. 
 
 2. 5^ heretofore; indicates the leading characteristics, the usual state of 
 things. 
 
 3- ^ J1R this, which is translated 'not to submit to,' includes the idea of 'non- 
 acceptance ' owing to some latent feeling of the unreasonableness of the thing 
 in question. The action is not accepted, a person does not feel happy in acquiescing 
 in it. From JJ$ to ^ is all dependent on . the cut off queues order. 
 
 4- fTi H beforehand retained in their minds the idea that .... Here 
 again all that lies between the verb ^ and ;"; is dependent on ;> and is sandwiched 
 between them. 
 
 5. j'< this is the equivalent of |jfc in Mandarin and indicates the 'turn' of the 
 sentence. 
 
 6. ffc . . . hT the kind of jjf plan ; scheme, is made descriptive by ;. ; it was a 
 future-support plan, i.e., a plan by which they would have enough in hand to 
 support themselves after they were disbanded later on. 
 
 ~. >ft . . . -fr also with them united: here ~_ =thcm; it is used as a pronoun 
 in both singular and plural senses. 
 
 8. # renders ife -}j '\f plural. 
 
 9- YJ" ft! has rule-disorder power, or authority. Here . indicates the 
 kind of power possessed. 
 
 Id lii at the em] of a sentence often acts as a full stop.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 READING LESSON I. 
 
 An Embryo President. 
 
 & =? W TOM IS; 
 
 Life of Sun-yat-sen. 1. 
 
 Sun-yat-sen, \vhosc life is sketched in this and the following 
 Lessons, was elected Provisional President of the Chinese Republic 
 at Nanking, December 29th, 1911. The Republic was proclaimed 
 at Nanking, January ist, 1912. 
 
 Later on, Sun retired from public life, and resigned the presi- 
 dency to Yuan-shi-k'ai ^ [ f|, who holds the office until the 
 convocation of the National Assembly. 
 
 K<: 
 
 I. 
 
 PVl obscurely lived in the. fields; of lowly rustic origin. 
 iff/, had grass and trees as companions. 
 3- ( . . . ft!!' followed the occupation of a farmer. 
 
 4. wi] . . . ;lh succeeded to his father's calling as a farmer. 
 
 5. W . . . %( I W is defined hy }\\ to use; to employ. This describes its force 
 and use with sufficient accuracy in many connections ; it indicates the means employed 
 to produce certain re.-ults, and may be translated by, "in what way;" "by what 
 means;" etc., |l. f"I ft for what reason jfij and f caused him JS to be *A jfo hot 
 blooded (ardent) '$. fa ' ft revolutionary, what caused him to become an ardent 
 republican. 'j describes a class, people in a certain category, c.g.,^?^'^ philosophers ; 
 ft- $'< '" scientists, etc., '-y-: fa to niter the decree of heaven, i.e., to overturn the decree 
 by which the Manchns reigned : cp. ); ^ J fit Yin superseded the appointment of 
 Hsia. ^]- in-licates the. agent and may be looked on in this and similar con- 
 nections as forming part ot" the name or title. 
 
 here merely introduces the 
 
 6. tlij ... yK according to Sun's o\vn statement, 
 e and does not reed to be translated. 
 
 7. '$ sign of the past tense, J4" . . . ?^ had started a school. 
 
 . I'./ wlii n he h;ul a little leisure. 
 
 . . ifjci. lei irate'! people of the school of ITong and Yang. ?'K is used of 
 ld certain sys'n ins or opinions e.g., post-millenarians T- ^f- & j'K ; for 
 - : tl is I'v 'fj irl a schoolmaster who was associated with j in the 
 T'ai-p'ing rebellion. 
 
 10. ^!JJ ?'K Set forth in detail. }!if is largely used in modern parlance with [$ io 
 the sense uf " to lecture ; " " to address ; " ' to discourse upon." 
 
 7
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI 
 
 =? 
 
 E\)] l5 ffif ffif & ^ 
 J^A #X\#A Hbi > 
 
 1. . him. . . . thought highly of him. 
 
 2. t(i prophesied that he would be a second Hong-hsiu-ch'ucn, the originator 
 of the T'aip'ing Rebellion. 
 
 3. ^ ... jTii were not willing to go home but were tin is commonly 
 
 used in correspondence with some other word, not .... but .... 
 
 4. ft hence, -ft . . . ^ bore a special reputation for resolution from early years. 
 5- 7k M by the time he was grown up he had imbibed the spirit of 
 
 enlightenment to the full. $i tV] intelligent; enlightened; civilized; as opposed to 
 $ *j$ rude ; barbarous. 
 
 6. S . . . ^ more than ever regarded himself as the Hong-hsiu-ch'iien of 
 the present time. i increase -on a wider scale ^ introducing the object of ft f 
 self promised, regarded himself as. 
 
 7- J8J X in the course of a few years ^ but in the end ..."$ had by 
 exertion amassed a fortune. ' 
 
 8. }f} . . h;i lived in a condition of decay; was in poor circumstances. !,'} is 
 applied to a state or condition. 
 
 o. rf . . . Vi was truly pitiable, "nj" preceding certain words is m-arly the 
 equivalent of 'able 'in Knglish, e.e , 'nf J? pit'able : nf u eatable; etc. 
 
 io, iV 'L then-upon sent a letter to call him J!J $ by means of a letter; 
 invited him by letter. 
 
 n. i5 . . . >' ; 'i ; . a >cho, >1 organi/.ed by a Christian pastor. 
 
 i_>. ''{-. . . . -ft tin.-i.lly was ijiilncnccd by it and liecame a Christian jlfj f% and 
 became f]* . . . ft one wlio believed in Christianity. 
 
 I ,3- <!U J ; faithfully told ; gave him a 'straight talk.' 
 
 14. f"f . . . 3fc : how can I endure lightly to forsake it? 
 
 15- W T?i to regard as, to consider. JU in this construction may be separated 
 from s and an object, or an object and its attributes inserted between them; e.g., 
 W fdl >frl fill fi'j 5L A/ 'ft '.'H fS regarded him and his brother as the source of the 
 trouble. 
 
 8
 
 LlySSONS IM" ELEMENTARY 
 
 
 *8 H A & 
 
 US 
 
 :t BB ^ 1ft 
 Ji -b 
 
 1- ^P . fa were eager to be on good terms with him. 
 
 2 - & *& full of knowledge and ability. 
 
 3. 'aj: . . . Rft whenever he set forth plans for benefiting society and the people 
 . . . . '*%: each,=every time ; whenever. 
 
 4- ffi. M more by the villagers him respected was held in greater esteem 
 by the villagers. This use of . roughly corresponds to the use of the pronoun in 
 old English when it follows the noun, e.g., Robert Jones his mark ; for J. E. 
 Robinson his sake. 
 
 5. ^ used in Wen-li for S". or in this case 3 s . 
 
 6. n . . . iiii . . . 55> . . . jlij . . . ^ here JU = to employ, or colloquially " to take," 
 a pf '| : - youth of sixteen or seventeen fifi and (consider him) able to occupy this 
 position ^p is also -Jg lift entirely without (precedent) 2 is used as an intensitive 
 particle exceedingly : etc., jljj or else $< <fj %\ ' s something seldom met with. 
 
 /. [ti . . . ff^( from this on, the administration of village affairs was reformed. 
 E Ji to reform. 
 
 8- it a particle of comparison, still more; = i, more by H ^ the villagers; 
 $. a sign of the plural. 
 
 9- ill . . . ItS as for example buying' guns and cannon, i.e., arms tt in order to. 
 This is a common use of J'J. indicating the object proposed in a certain line of action. 
 So in the following sentence jP|-'i ..... A lighting lamps at night in order to benefit 
 travellers. 
 
 10. . . . GP no sooner .... than. 
 
 IT. P - t& daily said K marking the object T&N -j f# \ that such a man of 
 parts jfij i and yet hibernate ..... ^fc 55. seemed nothing short of hiding away a 
 hero. 
 
 12. JU . . . ty-. in order to help him '> seek an education. 
 
 l.v iiil" LL 'only this and nothing m^rc ' this was all thru was needed. Sec 
 below 3i jf; A jfij ti '"' one luu Sun. 
 
 14. [] . . . ty. doubtless all along ha.! had a desire for medical studies.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 tjgg< jiff I 
 
 IfJiA 
 
 M 5 M 3 
 
 \ i~*^- 1 1 1 j > 
 
 of ,-fr jS rfn fr n 
 
 1. "fife ift had no other desire. 
 
 2. $fc . . . ?$ hence he had the reputation of being a diligent student. 
 
 3. $}: . . . HfJ when every Sunday came round every Sunday. !-. I'fi a week, 
 but often used for the first day, Sunday. * 
 
 4. *F. . . . t^f in nothing niggard!}'; very open-handed. 
 5- ill Q. ^ h'kc this ; in this manner. 
 
 6. !R . . . JB the head of the School pleased with his ability, appointed him as 
 School Assistant. ^ is largely used under the new regime as a designation of 
 officers or those in charge. Ik his possessive has often, as here, an active sense = 
 to act as ; $. refers to the place or person in question ; ft. % the school. 
 
 7. &E ... fill obtaining a salary he glj then, accordingly JU used it to ...... 
 
 8. 2fc . . . tils in the end graduated with honours !'J[ with@^ excellent; tip-top 
 grade f{-. 2j finished studies 41 finished; in the end; finally; see below ?'{. || [i in 
 the end stated that ..... 
 
 9. j*<. P^ ^Jacao. 
 
 10. S-H . 6 there was one Chen-peh followed him. 
 
 11. $%> "^-' ff confidential secretary. 
 
 12. H ft "ft The Triad Society Heaven, Earth, and Man. 
 
 13- ft # not c ^- as indicating a class the wealthy ft V'V ^j the poo". 
 
 jffi . . . from this (fact) hence ..... but .... were jealous of 
 ^ af l merely an English, not a Portuguese diploma. i2 15 evidence 
 
 14. fll /? 
 him. 
 
 *5- f '. i* ^ 
 writing a diplomn. 
 
 16. i{l . . . -> crimpel him to give up his practic 
 
 See Mandarin Primer, P 704. 
 
 10
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLJ. 
 
 & JK m m 
 
 us IP 
 
 us 
 
 n *t 
 
 E 
 
 1. '}<... -Wl started the revolutionary movement on a large scale. 
 
 2. ~Jj . . . H$ recently while he was in Macao, ~Jj='Jj $|. 
 
 3. M* . . . S; Init at this stage ho gathered about him those of the same aim. 
 
 4- M ifc organised a secret society iffi 88 to organise ; jjtfc largely used 
 
 of an association ; company ; society ; etc. 
 
 5. '& . . . -dl their programme was to overturn the Manchu dynasty and organ- 
 ise and establish a united Chinese government. Q iil give a sense of finality to the 
 sentence it was nothing short of. & at the end of a sentence is often the equiva- 
 lent of ' ! '. 
 
 6. d iS those who were like-minded and already (members of) the society. 
 
 ?. ffo . . . ?< and so his influence gradually became greater. 
 
 
 LESSON II. i| - H 
 " TOMMY w AFTER LOOT. 
 
 s 
 
 Bff.iF. 
 
 0, 
 
 X T 
 
 v # * oL 
 
 The Mutiny at Peking. II. 
 
 Mutiny broke out afresh among the military on the ist of the 
 month at 5 p. in. to the north of the Forbidden City. The scene of 
 last night's disturbance \vas all peaceful by 10 p. m. 
 
 I. iS To happen. This word indicates the point of time, or the place where. 
 fi ft .... JJK happened to ]. c the north of the Forbidden City: so jgj f,ff d^ RJ 
 precisely at that time. 
 
 - 1 . fit The whole: all. Used much as - -tTJ in Mandarin, as a sign of the 
 plural ; fi; -f/f; >^ ; are alsu used in the same sense. 
 
 -fi: $pj 
 
 w< } )'ttlc, not tlie number of soldiers, is 
 e main tiling. 
 
 II
 
 Ajftt 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 M * 
 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 A i 
 
 o X^ 
 
 A 
 
 ~V* I 
 
 f 
 
 A 
 
 \-$- 8 
 
 Yuan-shi-k'ai has offered a reward for the detection and appre- 
 hension of the blackguards who incited to plunder. He has promised 
 largess to the soldiers who exert themselves to maintain military 
 discipline. 
 
 Feng-tai, situated between Tientsin and Peking, is in a state 
 of disorder. It is much to be feared that the mutiny there will 
 have exceptional consequences. 
 
 Although a fe\v foreign residences have been entered and 
 plundered by lawless soldiery, still, up till now, there has been no 
 hostility shewn to foreigners. 
 
 Yuan-shi-k'ai has informed foreigners that he is profoundly 
 distressed because of the alarm caused them by the disturbances. 
 
 i- i'H it #'- notified that he would reward ; ft ^ notice of reward. 
 
 2. ^ muddy. Usually followed by such words as f[, -J&-, ffij, when it takes on 
 the idea of stirring up to evil. 
 
 3. ?r . . . . ;fi should there be those among the military who. 
 
 .}. JU . . . 5! here W, is a sign of the object and do^s not need to be translated. 
 
 5- fwj of the midst -.= between : here ,t is descriptive. 
 
 6. ^| : . is a distinctively YVen-li word though used in certain connections in 
 Mandarin, and negatives the word or statement it precedes. J|i 't$ not common ; 
 extraordinary. 
 
 /. Sff marking a condition though ; granting; etc. must, contrary to English 
 usage, have an antecedent; The residences of foreigners though. . .The same applies 
 In IV<; and. in many cases to f'r ; it is better to write A ?? ^ "i'i" than # A /f' It for, 
 if people are not willing. 
 
 12
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 *a ffl 
 
 ffi 
 
 B W*-^l 
 
 
 
 fts mffi&w 
 
 He further says that he has now taken special precautions that there 
 shall be no further cause for anxiety. 
 
 It was evident this morning that the houses that have been 
 destroyed in various places number several hundreds. In the main 
 thoroughfares the different shops had been completely cleared out of 
 their valuable contents by the rowdies. It was 3 o'clock this morning 
 before firing ceased, and people are very apprehensive that there will 
 be a repetition of the troubles to-night. 
 
 According to most reliable information, and the talk in official 
 circles, the outbreak was owing to mutineers of the third division 
 of Yuan-shi-k'ai's brigade hearing that he was about to go South, 
 
 i. m to stated m- 
 
 2. & now ; already. ~& i j used to indicate time present ; and also as a particle 
 at the beginning of a sentence : $ ft it appears that. 
 
 3 I'j" M- again not there will m>t ac'ain be. 
 
 4. <# as a sign of the passive, is very commonly employed before verbs 
 which indicate violence or evil of >ome land, as here gfc fi that which was 
 destroyed. 
 
 5- iiSi" .''J? completely by the rowdies plundered quite empty: cp. English 
 to make a clean sweep of. ^ sign of the passive. 
 
 6. rf -" ,fj till .5 o'clock this morning began to cease ; it was ,} o'clock before 
 it ceased. $f; to begin. f(f; in \Ven-li is nearly the equivalent of %.% and may be trans- 
 lated 'before.' 
 
 7. \\'- in this connection is inn the same as fj& though th<.\ arc often inter- 
 changed in Colloquial, fj; has an active sense as in ft \\- ; j i\. : see below ffr 5 
 ^v jfc the noise of great firing began. 
 
 8. [$ According to. This may !v separated from the noun to which it refers 
 by a long or short explanatory clause: lure M- nf $*\ completely to be depended 
 on, describes the ( M ~ ,Q % news; infurmation. 
 
 action ; e.g. Yf yc i|i the sphere of officialism : V'{ 
 
 rcial circles ; etc.
 
 ii m. 
 a > 
 
 > 
 
 it 
 
 ra \ Z" 
 
 3-0 
 
 S ft 55 
 
 7o*fl 0* 
 
 Uff! W ift 
 
 is a T it 
 
 it 
 
 E si 
 
 ,m fr & 
 
 ^ 
 
 T 
 
 and that ere long the soldiers would be disbanded. Rations had 
 already been issued to them, but they demanded pay, and were not 
 willing" to obey the command to cut off the queue. 
 
 When the disturbance was at its height, the city police let 
 matters take their course, and made no attempt to check them; hence 
 the disturbance assumed a serious aspect, and it was impossible to 
 rectify matters. After the mutiny started, the Legation guards went 
 into the city without delay to protect the missionaries and escort 
 
 ! % 18 =it ^ n ^'s and similar connections -$ forms part of the noun. So 
 used it often helps to form abstract nouns: e.g. ^ $3 antiquity; ;=$ ^g- perfection; 
 f/J: -ft nature ; etc. 
 
 2. According to present arrangements, one ^ consists of 200 men. Four 
 times this number form a ^ or body of 800 men ; twice this number a i^5 or body 
 of 1,600 men ; while twice this number again form a $t 3,200 men (see below f/|5 ~f 
 s$ pf|[). An > is formed of two ]$, each of which is composed of 100 men, 
 while each )^ is composed of four $] or squad of 25 men. 
 
 3. $J indicating approximate future was about to. 
 4- 3? ffi. they. 
 
 5. H and further. 
 
 6. 55 has nearly the force of 'to obey' ; cp. take orders. ^ 35 usually carries 
 with it the thought of lack of submission owing to some real or fancied indignity. 
 
 7- If'S i' 1 the 4th tone to permit ; to allow. 
 
 8. :fl; a pro: oun largely used in the third person, he; them; etc., may be 
 applied to things as well as persons, ard is not usually followed by any word to 
 indicate the plural. ?j$ . . . $fi suffered (the disturbances) to be natural to take 
 their natural course. 
 
 9- ^ ?Jtl S PJt did not add hindrance, i.e., did nothing to hinder the rioters. 
 
 in. jjV j'- To gather together; to repair; here, to put a stop to; to rectify 
 matters. 
 
 ii. ^ \ final particle adding force to what precedes, and indicating that 
 ':!" thought has been fully expressed. 
 
 14
 
 WALKER 
 
 ST. LOUlJ 
 MO. 
 
 LESSONS IN EWiMJvNTARY 
 
 
 
 If 4 
 
 If 3 ^* M SB Dt 
 
 I J - " I rti Jw44 ^W 
 l fH B jn* 
 
 t 
 
 A % 
 
 3* at 
 
 tit 
 
 them into the Legation Area. By 4 o'clock next morning all 
 foreigners had taken refuge in the Legation. Some soldiers 
 proceeded to the churches and were stationed there to look after 
 such missionaries as were unwilling to enter the Legations. 
 
 This morning the Foreign Office sent an official to the different 
 Legations to apologize, and to say that merely a fe\v soldiers had 
 mutinied on this occasion, and he would guarantee that there would 
 be no further disturbance, etc. But why the 25,000 soldiers who 
 
 r. V!& '$% blaze and issue; to flare up, applied to an outbreak; cp. apply the 
 match to a train. 
 
 ,v -'K. R. the next morning -)<. the next in order=-:|V .'".. 
 
 4- $(:" iuch misaionaries as \vere not willing, etc. 
 
 5- 4\ i'i' ; ^ there were some foreign S'.'ldiers. As here used fj" lias con- 
 stantly the force of ' some,' even when not oinvlated with ^j-. See p. 16. 
 
 is sometimes repented.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENU. 
 
 
 
 IE 
 ft 
 T 
 
 js 
 
 II W 
 #M* ffi 
 IP * * 
 ^ S^ 
 a * 
 
 , 
 
 l 
 
 7/S* 
 
 had not mutinied did not suppress the disturbance on the spot, the 
 aforesaid official did not state. 
 
 Yuan-shi-k'ai remained quietly in his residence at the Foreign 
 Office. It is said that during the outbreak he escaped at once to the 
 Legations. 
 
 At that time the foreign soldiers entered the Legations. Several 
 hundred of the rowdies conveyed their loot some distance outside 
 the city, and some of Yuan's soldiers stored their plunder in his 
 house. 
 
 2. fti] A law. As a particle it denotes consequence, one thing inferred from 
 another. It also introduces the second of two clauses, e.g., Hi ^f [Xj ']i fllj 1> J KJi <$ 
 ". if there is a national calamity the flag is lowered to express sympathy. It thus 
 
 corresponds to ;y aivl, like it, rarely needs to be translated. 
 3- !l 98 to notify clearly. here is used as a verb. 
 
 4. ffy indicates that no change 1 as taken place, that matters remain as they 
 were; in such connections it does not need to be translated. 
 
 5. j a certain person : ;$ | a certain one said ; it is said ; it is rumoured 
 
 that 
 
 may be separated from HJ by either a 
 
 6. -7- . . . il.'p in the time; during. 
 simple or compound descriptive sentence. 
 
 7. gp the \Vcn-li equivalent of # indicating, promptness. 
 ^- H ii? bore it on the shoulders ; took it away. 
 
 9. ;#...;$ note that a whole sentence lies between these two words: ^ff ^ 
 some of fc'i ^ Yuan's soldiers '{f A stored up $J marking object of verb # ftt "Z. BS 
 4^7 plundered goods ^ 1M: g)L fv r t /S i ife i 11 Yuan-sh'i-k'ai's place of residence. This 
 last clause illustrates the position of )ijj before the noun and not, as in English, after 
 it the which dwelt in place; not the place in which he dwelt. 
 
 10. ffy fa was still in the work of plunder was still proceeding. 
 
 11. IE r were summarily executed. IE } is applied to the execution of 
 offenders who are taken in the act and dealt with at once ; cp., $fc i| 3T. J executed 
 on the spot. 
 
 16
 
 I.KSSONS IN ELEMENTARY \VICNU. 
 
 if & in ft & 8 # 
 
 o8J ft ^ & * 
 *** To* 
 
 ^ 77 at ra - it 
 
 3 Ji] H>^i5; H jf:< 
 
 
 
 -^ - M "*^ IB ' \ 
 
 Jr^ j| I \ "T j ^Pr* 
 
 sBf it a' 
 
 On the ist, the whole city was still given up to plunder. Many 
 rowdies have been beheaded. Up to the time of telegraphing, the 
 loss by fire has reached the sum of 3,000,000 sterling. 
 
 On the ist, at dusk, the troops of the 3rd CJicn of Yuan-shi- 
 k'ai's division stationed near the Foreign Office suddenly mutinied, 
 and the sound of heavy firing was heard. The mutineers then 
 started operations in all parts, plundering, entering pawn-shops, and 
 looting silver, gold, and valuables, discharging their ritles at the 
 proprietors : the latter, in some places, resisted them and were prompt- 
 ly shot or stabbed with the bayonet. The mutineers had quick- 
 
 1. $r. gold (coinage). 
 
 2. (?)} imitation nf English 'pound.' The same plan is adopted in writing of 
 the coinage of other countries; e.g., ';,'(; /f,j rouble, etc. 
 
 3- iS & '-vasp-like arose applied to risings of rebels, operations of pirates, etc. 
 
 4- if $'( * there were several places; ^j" in such connections is often the 
 equivalent of ' in '- -in some places. 
 
 5. !?<l Iff PIL with them resisted, here them. 
 
 6. : ' to meet with: t befall applied to things unpleasant or involving loss or 
 disaster, as contrasted with ;[ which is usnallv colourless. 
 
 7. J.t carried, as opposed to jr. to carry on the shoulder. 
 
 8. fJi quick 'n;ick-tiring. 
 
 9- oil -ii'i- to follow carry, i.e., to carry on the person, or have as part of one's 
 luggage. 
 
 10. f,g vi London. 
 
 I! - if B M "I: The 7';>nt's. The names of many papers published abroad arc in 
 most cases merely transliterated,
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 . .. 
 A Pi fiL S. KM IT 
 
 > TP \ 
 
 # a 7^ 51 
 
 w ^F -a *F * pi 
 
 A if? -a- #j 
 
 #. , 
 
 ft $ n * *f * ft 
 
 ift *E ?fi ft\i TpJ ^ 
 3 n % & m tH 
 
 firing rifles and several hundred rounds of ammunition. The 
 division of troops in which the outbreak started, looted and burned 
 close to the residence of Mr. Morrison, the correspondent of the 
 London Times. The whole of the district adjoining the main street 
 of the Ha-ta Men was fired and looted to a deplorable extent. Out- 
 side the Chien Men some thousand mutineers pillaged for several 
 hours before they desisted. The soldiers who were to maintain order, 
 together with the police, simply looked on. Later on, some of them 
 also, together with coolies and a few thousand loafers, joined the 
 mutineers in the work of looting and burning. 
 
 Yuan-shi-k'ai, leading members of the government, and govern- 
 ment documents are all safe. 
 
 1. |# l\ inquire officer; a reporter; one who gathers news. 
 
 2. f$j ^IJ $| .Morrison. It is the usual custom to transliterate the names of 
 public persons from abroad rather than to give them Chinese and ,. 
 
 3- ft i the left hand near i.e., close by ; to the east of : ft indicates east and 
 ;ff west, e.g., i!| ft Shantung; ilj 'j(\ Shansi : cp., the use of flff to indicate the South, 
 e.g., li| iJ the south of the hill. 
 
 JJr as a supcrlative=very : exceedingly ; it is largely 
 
 sign of plural. 
 
 g on with hands up their sleeves mere spectators. 
 
 'l ... 1(3] . . . # afterwards # . . . ^ there were some 
 who . . . together with . . . together. It is not infrequent to find involved sentences 
 inserted between {f and .ft. 
 
 10. ',V,- n coolies: used largely in the Xorth. 
 
 11. '^f. " iff j.-.j loafers with no occupation. 
 
 12. jf'X Vp government world J/f is now applied to a world within a world, -to 
 the educational world; the political world; etc. 
 
 13. ' is applied to both men and things. 
 
 18
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. 
 
 READING LESSON II. 
 
 The Evolution of a President. 
 
 flij Z 0, 
 
 it,- w a A H A IB 
 
 
 
 Illl 
 
 m 
 
 -ro 
 
 Adventures of Sun-yat-sen. 
 
 I- f! i& jfe the apostle of the movement. 
 
 2. ~fi . . . J$ some were taken in the meshes of the law. 
 
 3. ^ . . . 'iff could not endure the terrors inspired by the officials, glj and as 
 a consequence ^ . . . JS all that which Sun did 1 ^ told it. 
 
 4. IL - . . i furthermore rejoiced and acknowledged it. 
 5- Q ? . E called him revolutionary mad. 
 
 6. JL. . . -& all those who. Clauses and sentences may lie between these two 
 words. All like-minded patriots of a fervent spirit, who believed in and trusted 
 Sun, continued to reinforce the revolutionary party tL ^ 4? ~*A they were not 
 few. 
 
 F& a 'l had a good word to say for the Revolution. 
 . . . P$ those who heard of it liked it more and more. 
 
 Q. fi& . - . *'!i merely propagate your principles and devise no plan for (secur- 
 ing) the army and navy. 
 
 10. ^5 . . . tl how can the day arrive for setting up the flag of patriotism? 
 
 II- * *?- otherwise will not your Revolution be nothing but empty talk that 
 you will not make good? i|Ij to repair; to make good. W J'j IT >t but nothing 
 l.ut . . .
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENU- 
 
 
 
 ib E, 
 
 J* A if 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 us 
 
 , 
 
 if 
 
 tf- 
 
 
 
 1. !$.& Sun, owing to the fact that up to that time his influence was not 
 sufficient Jil because. 
 
 2. jE . . . 2 not what may be accomplished by students it cannot be brought 
 about by mere theorists. 
 
 3- J& Wi a class of desperate men are indispensable. 
 
 4. .i . . . ~/L to embrace revolutionary principles before it can be accomplished 
 i l opinions ; policy. As a suffix i 3$ is nearly the equivalent of ' ism ; as $ 
 Jfil ^ l Bismarckism a policy of blood and iron ; (l^ A i individualism ; etc. 
 
 5- M '!' Sun interrogated him as to his reason for saying so. 
 
 6. !... Jjb f r me to be as stupid as this. 
 
 7- 5 ... ft how could I adequately fill the post of leader? 
 
 8. ?F . . . #t I have decided on a plan. 
 
 9- S3 . - - * willing to be a follower |fc fg to hold a whip; to be a groom 
 take a secondary place JU in order that I ... 
 
 10. Q{] . . . $jj will make preparations to go forward jg ft to go forward ; pro- 
 gressive ; iS iiii to make preparations in advance. 
 
 11. 2S . . . fifr what our party hopes for is not the revolt ot Kwangtong only, 
 ^ one section. U for, an introductory particle, now ; etc. pjj $J ;# that which 
 we hope for. 
 
 i^- 313 fi singly stand independent government. 
 
 1,3- 7 \". J] r ^ly entirely on the efforts of all the members of the party. 
 
 14. 7f ft f will he with the central revolutionary party, and with them be 
 in communication with the branches (of the party) J mutual ; jointly ; i|i ^ 
 central ; fj/fc ft main and branch blood vessels. 
 
 15. 6P A thereupon deputed ten kindred spirits to perfect all arrangements. 
 JU . . . t'ii'i so as to perfect. ={$ all; here a sign of the plural. (![) [1 the same day; 
 at once. 
 
 20
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 2 
 
 M P rfn 
 
 &5 *J&gJRI 
 
 T ffl.lt JiU - :t A.ffl' 
 
 m 
 
 ^ ii ; Hi 
 
 IS t >isj It 
 
 -it a 
 
 E 
 
 1. [ft by; indicates direction. 
 
 2. '23 . . . i just at the time of the rupture between China and Japan i[ |jft 
 just happened when . . . ft foreign intercourse #i 5^ decided to break; disagree- 
 ment; rupture; used of breaking off friendly relations. 
 
 3. J&. and ; often may be translated when ; at the time ;.$!*;$...$ when 
 i t came to the point that . . . ; when fighting seemed imminent .... 
 
 4. ft here is in correspondence with ~fo : Jk. . . . ft - - . {& - . . '$( then Sun 
 returned to Kwangtong. 
 
 5- &!& he still entrusted all preparations for the rising to his compatriots 
 jj 3$ the rising of patriotism fty W 31 as before took and deputed them. JU joined 
 to some words can scarcely be translated, e.g., (jg JU able to fty A=ffy ft; etc. 
 6. }L }$ his brother was influenced by his talk. 
 7- #1 -fc contributed the larger half of his property JU in order to. 
 8. ft. . . J^C solicited contributions for him from the (Chinese) merchants in 
 America fS] indicates object Jfc lodging in America temporarily settled there. 
 
 0. ~~ ife in less than no time promises of help to the extent of several 
 thousand taels were forthcoming [(! . . . ft promise to subscribe what subscriptions. 
 JO. ['| ... fIJ from this on funds for military purposes gradually came in. 
 IT. ]p a final particle emphasizing what had gone before no mistake ! 
 
 ffij" . . . 3-i but Sun's determination to raise funds and import arms did not 
 
 ii'f - . . i'TI> to station his own company in Kwangchow as an advisory body. 
 fa f9?, bis own company would act in correspondence from within (the 
 
 fail. 
 
 [4. # . . 
 
 province) . 
 
 15. n as the result ; 
 it root and branch. 
 
 order to exterminate 
 
 21
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 In 39 Rf , 
 
 X ffi A.jlfc iJ 
 
 i- fct ^ to burn all registers of names, and bury all explosives. 
 
 2. Tl . . . $ and then disguised himself. 
 
 3. i^l . . . ^ inquired by letter for Dr Cantlie, who was his teacher when he 
 was studying medicine, and informed him of his changed circumstances, ffc ff an 
 instructor ; teacher, jjff @, #] Dr Cantlie, an authority on tropical diseases J-U intro- 
 ducing the object his changed circumstances. 
 
 4. ^ . . . pj it is indispensable that. . . . 
 5- U * Japan. 
 
 6. $5 jS Yokohama. 
 
 7- 54: * *'J England. 
 
 8. 3 E follows an enumeration of places as sign of plural ; see above ^ $>. 
 
 22
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WKNLI. 
 
 LESSON III. gR : 
 
 "ARMS AND THE MAN I SING." 
 
 IE ^ ^ 
 # * 7,7, 
 
 ffii rfii 
 
 ffi 
 
 
 ft 
 
 itt>*ji &. 
 
 i* 1C 
 
 5 
 
 x 
 
 Gf ^^ ^^ ^^ if, rfti J 
 >r> ^sc->-^g^\ ^xu\yu i 
 
 ^ I* if 
 iE f!5 ffi A 
 
 A Talk About Soldiers. 
 
 1. The temper of soldiers is easy to arouse but difficult to allay. 
 Hence, after the troops mutinied in Peking on the 29th, they again 
 mutinied on the ist. The mutineers entered Paoting (Fu) and 
 there was mutiny there ; they went to Tientsin and the same thing 
 occurred. The train service between Peking and Tientsin was 
 commandeered by them ; the district between these two places is a 
 
 i- .^4 breath; spirit; temper. A word that takes on numberless shades of 
 meaning in different connections : here, the spirit that animates troops their temper. 
 
 2. jfij but. This whole paragraph is an interesting study in the use and force 
 of this word. As may be seen below, it often serves as a vehicle for connecting 
 a train of thought, much as ' and ' in English. In the last clause it is the equivalent 
 of flii H. and marks a stage in the progress of thought ; ffjj . . . -til at the same time 
 notwithstanding the fact that the two sets of soldiers were animated by different 
 motives . . . 
 
 3- 1*4 ... ~/L M ffii from . . . after . . . and f=flj to arrive, has often the 
 force of 'on ' as applied to time, i.e., when such and such a time had arrived. 
 
 4- EC A a 'id below jjT ft:. It is difficult and perhaps unnecessary to bring out 
 the force of jJC in a translation, but it illustrates the power of the language to 
 characterize an action, and stamp it as good, bad, or indifferent. See Les>n II. & ft. 
 
 5. ,l ... I'M by them that which was forcibly taken -was forcibly taken by 
 them. 
 
 6. -f{; . . . 'I 1 in midst of; often, as here, indicates a condition, or state of 
 affairs. 
 
 Mk -"% 
 ift 3f 
 
 Quarrels cannot escape tJie rcrdict oj 
 public opinion.
 
 3 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 ttJS - til 9k ft * 
 
 VJ* -f '>J v "-J ^^ 
 
 j ra k*i fef 
 
 ^Cffii 
 
 ft 
 
 T\*? 
 
 -1 4t6l 
 
 A 
 
 H 3? (ft 
 
 A 
 
 * tt m 
 
 I 
 
 rfii M 
 
 ffii * 
 
 ft 
 
 battle field, and the city of Peking itself is almost in a state of siege 
 by lawless soldiery. This mutiny is much the same as the revolution- 
 ary movement in the South last year, but the one set of soldiers 
 mutinied from patriotic motives, the other from motives of personal 
 gain. All the same, the principle that soldiers are easily aroused 
 and not easily got in hand is identical. 
 
 Now the explanations given for the mutiny in the North vary. 
 Some say it was because they heard that President Yuan was coming 
 South ; others that it was because of the removal of the queue ; some 
 that it was owing to deficiency in the rations ; some that it was for 
 fear that the number of troops would afterwards be reduced, and 
 others again that they were egged on by the Imperial Clan. 
 
 Although the explanations vary as to what gave rise to the 
 disturbances, and though there (may have been) causes for them, 
 
 l - $k ~-%k -T- almost; nearly; rendered in the Mandarin translation by R& ^* 
 perilously near. 
 
 2. $$ iiS{ nearly as *c . . . S| no difference. Wcn-li shews great partiality for 
 finishing up a sentence with a negative when Mandarin would use a positive form, 
 as here |$. 
 
 3. 1$ used for flfr only; but. 
 
 4. - - - U'J W $ "e fl'J a rhetorical particle not needing to be 
 translated. W on account of A" i& great ratriotism. 
 
 $. :X~ an initial particle, now. 
 
 6. ^ -ft what is said by way of explanation ; ^ not the same. 
 
 7- $ repeated before successive clauses some . . . others. 
 
 . *fi fti President of a Republic.
 
 LKSSONS IN IvIvKMHNTAUV WKNIJ. 
 
 * A ft $ ^ it W 
 
 *,* ft 9k m m A 
 
 T s 
 s *,*. 
 
 
 % m 
 ft'-W 
 
 K) 
 
 tft 
 
 j. - 4& 
 
 *M ^ 1& 
 
 E 
 
 still \ve cannot j^et out of it that these \vere mere pretexts for creat- 
 ing trouble. 
 
 As to the Imperial Clan egging (the soldiers) on. their power 
 is limited, and it is out of the question that it should he as great as 
 this. 1 would say that the true cause was doubtless that the soldiers 
 were absolutely devoid of instruction. Since the revolution began, 
 the officers in command have been constantly changed. When the 
 soldiers were lace to lace with the revolutionary torces. their desire 
 to kill others was aroused and they became exceedingly overbearing. 
 
 T. /$ to cut cut or nff : IKMKV, to reduce. 
 
 -'. ?:{(! ... ${... jfij although . . . ami although . . . still, yet. j[|j sums up the 
 whole and introduces the conclusion to be drawn. 
 
 3- 'f %"cannot avoid ; no yetting out of it. 
 
 4- fi!f *!& t" avail oneself of an extremity -used of disturbances ,U"t up on 
 some pretext or otlu r. 
 
 5- r -li"ft fcr itii'j^ a> to, introducing an additional thought, 
 o. \',l before a negative add> emphasis. 
 
 /. '<('; . . . | ("like this of Ljreat. ft ]^. in thi> manner, ,'^_ descriptive. 
 '^ .^ i-i'i e.\pre>siu;; the opinion of the writer of the article, 
 o. . . . W ;iJ pa^cd the revolution since from the tune th- rf\oluti"ii 
 i 'cc m red. 
 
 10. .] ;*ft nppMM.d rampart^ ; to taee the toe.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 
 JSl 
 
 W ft P 
 Jft - fit jfn 
 
 A 
 
 H, 
 
 E 
 
 Tfli ^ J* 
 
 A^,^ 
 
 -f& A ^ 
 A It 
 
 tf 
 
 rfn 
 
 ffii f^ 
 A, A 
 
 A ffB 
 
 m & * i ft 
 
 Formerly in the fighting at Hankow and elsewhere, they were 
 allowed to loot, which was just to their liking. Among the Northern 
 troops it was generally said that the Southern soldiers were easily 
 roused; consequently, a deep-seated desire was indulged that righting 
 would continue. Unexpectedly hostilities ceased, peace (was pro- 
 claimed) and every one was disappointed. Hence there was imported 
 both the talk about being egged on, and the pretext for a disturb- 
 ance. All this was brought about owing to the fact that the officers 
 do not know that the temper of the troops is a thing to be feared. 
 Now the temper of the troops is like the wind act in conformity 
 with its nature, and utilize it in the right way, and you may spread 
 your sail and travel a thousand miles without hindrance ; act con- 
 
 ! 8S $1 plundered that which they obtained; i.e., were allowed to loot. 
 2. #J all ; =J j'n all said it was the general talk. 
 
 3- ij ^ easy to arouse. 
 
 4- i& A hence f" @ . obtained because of this im this account. 
 
 5- JTti . . . and thus was brought about JU indicates the means used to fjf 
 bring about, cause certain results; ;. the foregoing. 
 
 ^ ... Pit one not that hindered not the slightest hindrance ; cp., fer pfj -Ji 
 superior in no one respect. 
 
 26
 
 UvSSOXS IX KMvMEXTARY \VT\XTJ. 
 
 ft J ft IE 4- 
 
 & ^ ig *$ * 
 
 fi *vS Jit,* 
 
 Hw i)^ }*i^ I * w J 
 
 x ^ I i_J *^^ ^|^ \ (>*** 
 
 + jio^i ^ s ft& 
 
 ft II 
 
 Xi J - 
 
 t ft 
 
 K 
 
 J;/> 
 \fi 
 
 IE 
 
 trnry to its nahirc and fail to utilize it in the ri^ht \vay, and you are 
 within measurable distance of having your craft overturned. The 
 temper of the troops in the North, having no outlet, has shewn itself 
 in this excess of lawlessness. The cause of this outburst is, how- 
 ever, trifling, and there being no great name ("to act as) a bond of 
 union it will easilv spend itself, and may simply be styled a mutiny 
 doing no great harm. Still it is to be hoped that the authorities will 
 deal with it in a suitable manner, and within ten days it will settle 
 itself. 
 
 ' nj JA ?$ may he ('<;>. i<l ) t" stand waiting is imminent. 
 
 - fe- ? I1(1 Hi ^ ,'L %\ --in.- at name, i.e., such as the Republicans have, no 
 rallying cry, e.g., \i&. ^ |U. ',"t destroy the Manclin dynasty and restore the Han 
 dynasty, i'i \ lie a means nf ff; ^ ,^ hindinti it. 
 
 .v 'f/. > 'if. respond .... siiiialily act as the circumstances demand. 
 4- '{>... l t "i) not iMitsid'- dnri-i'-i ten days- -about ten days.
 
 I,KSSONS IN KWvMKNTARY 
 
 READING LESSON III. 
 
 A 
 f?P 
 
 m 
 
 ft PI 
 iI n 
 
 A President Duped. 
 
 A 
 
 B,E US' 
 
 1ft J6 H 
 
 ft ft 
 
 a 
 
 is m 
 
 A 
 
 
 Jg 
 
 Imprisonment of Sun-yat-sen. 
 
 i- If fS it happened at that time. 
 
 2. ^f ilr the Fragrant Lasroon Hongkong. 
 
 3- fra Vi London. 
 
 4- J'S W iTI B meet with a leisure day; when he had leisure. 
 
 5. J$ . . . ft the Christian Church. 
 
 6. p| to speak: saying. 
 
 ~. Hi! '?- are you not? -^ in this connection is a mark of intcrrogation=F|J. 
 It is also used as a final particle; or adds force, or is the equivalent of fj* or ; in, 
 at. vSee below |35j pi ^-. ;^| in direct address 'You, sir.' 
 
 ?lt ^ not tasted till now have not had ..... 
 
 o. /^ . . . JI did not expect to meet you in a strange land. 
 
 10. J'J. . . . *p- l.y means of coarse tea ^ may avail to fijl . . . '[^ shew the sincer- 
 ity of my re>iiect. nf-^-h'iw \vill lln's do? that I may slu-w my good wishes and 
 sincerity by otttring yi >\\ ^-"nie l'-a. 
 
 11. _ . . . H? a room in a 1 w<p-st>rieil building. 
 
 12. ty% . . . ^ several li'itu> of; a long'time. 
 
 28
 
 WESSONS IN KUvMKNTARY WKNTJ. 
 
 ffi ft i 
 
 rifc 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 f ij fe m 
 
 ft W B,S& 
 II WM 
 
 era 
 
 M Jfc %> jib ^ ftf in 0,^ 3 ^ ifi 
 jHs JKl Bf ,0 ^ jlfc IS ^ 
 
 A A ^ J1S t ^ ft ffli 75 
 
 i. ttU . . . iil he thereupon (found that) it was the Chinese Embassy in 
 England. 5l =:i >t H! England. In the transliteration of the names of places, the 
 first character often stands for the whole. 
 
 -. T& . . . ^ am I after all taken prisoner by them? fit nia .v he either singular 
 or plural according to the connection, -^j- is chiefly used in the singular. 
 
 3. 5'i . . . SJ8 with the professor's wife and others, or family. 5^ a class; 
 kind ; is a sign of the plural here. So in ^ ^ we ; etc. 
 
 4. jig . . . E distant from . . . near, i.e., is not far from. 
 5- {$ ... fa what will you do? 
 
 f>- $L %' the slaves, a term used in speaking of the Manchus. 
 
 7- M ffi Sun knew by this time the nearness of the professor's house 
 knew it was not far away. 
 
 8- #S . . . -& nevertheless, because he was not acquainted with the topography 
 of London, he found at last that the previous 'chaff had turned now into a reality. 
 #i here=*i jfn nevertheless :*$ as used above indicates assent that is so. 2fc 
 suddenly. W . . . , iBc because of, owing to the fact that, he was not familiar with 
 ti finally, in the end {. bad brought about, caused. |g )& bad turned into, had 
 resulted in. ; after verbs has often the force of in ; into. 
 
 9. Q Hil in a short time. 
 
 ro. }'fc thou ; thee ; you ; not very frequently used in current Wen-li. 
 IT. -?f ...'{& because we received a telegram from the Chinese Embassy in 
 3C; t$ America. 
 
 J -- JB fiSf apprehend without delay. 
 
 13- 3 A (the old man) spoke in a way that shewed contempt.
 
 3 
 
 I,KSSONS IX KT.KMKNTARV 
 
 ^ a 
 
 g 
 
 JSl H 
 ilJ& 
 
 ,M us ffi m 
 
 ffi 
 
 4 H ?5c A 75 ^ SI A 3? 
 
 a t -??r */v *fe w i J:r& pt 
 la. /v im F-l* 
 
 ft 
 
 
 it 
 
 =? 
 
 -a. ft A 
 
 1. J: . . . ?(? presented a petition to the Emperor. 
 
 2. it . . . Jf the words (of the petition) were of "Teat value, so the Emperor 
 has commanded that you should be returned to your native land, and make your 
 scheme clear, lif! much ; very, jiff /)' much had were of great f^ f^ value. 
 
 3- U . . . ^ and became more than ever conscious of the danger of his posi- 
 tion s'i? more and more. 
 
 4- nf'i 3/. to stand on the lookout, like a wile! goose. 
 
 5- !' ^h after all there was no means of communicating with the outside 
 world. 
 
 6. !$...#... -ill the " I1C who deceived Sun. and so got him into the Legation 
 was one T'ang. $c shews the result of ^. When ii is inadvisable to give a person's 
 name in full ^ is used instead. 
 
 7. E tJl ( '' c without regret. 
 
 8. ffi\ . . . ?$ like a monkey with a bridle on. 
 
 9- ~Ji. ll\\ China. Largel\- used in Chinese newspa])ers and in books written 
 in Japan. 
 
 10. |,'', 1 . . . J 1 ?. took no notice of him. 
 
 It. ,'S> . . . "|lj" thought about it constantly. 
 
 12. ^ ... ^j" ... flj huped that amour.- the passers-by someone would deliver 
 it for him to Dr. Cantlie. 
 
 13. ffl; n ... T 7 ; W ... but because an (Miijity letter would not carry far. he used 
 a copper coin. V substantial, here used as a verb, to fill; to load JK i|i wrap])c(l 
 it up in it. 
 
 14. kn ," # i'l this way. 
 
 1^- $. li'( he then wrapi>cd up a silver coin and ilnnc; it as before.
 
 vSSONS IN KUiMKNTAKY WKNU- 
 
 ffi 
 
 ft *U 3 s . # K US il\*f 
 
 *&z&j&m 
 iiJt tin =? %. 
 
 4 
 
 in 19; 
 E 
 
 si 
 
 S3'?* 2. 
 ^^-h IS 
 
 m ft m & 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 1. K . . . f;ij but, notwithstanding, not one reached Dr. Cantlie. 
 
 2. ^ owing to the fact that . . . 
 
 MC from this on they guarded him much more closely. J attitude 
 
 3- t 
 towards. 
 
 4. S? . . . devise some means of doing away with him. 
 5- -/I/I If" aching heart and drooping head despondent. 
 6. fin . . . ijj and so it should come about that he would be buried in a land 
 v/hcre his hopes were blasted.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENL1. 
 
 LESSON IV. U IS 
 
 "TSMMY" TURNED DOWN. 
 
 at ai t 
 
 
 
 The Northern Expeditionary Force Cancelled by the 
 Vice-President. 
 
 A notification from the Generalissimo of the forces. Formerly 
 before the abdication of the Manchus, for the reason that the 
 Northern army naturally regarded our army as (existing) to 
 
 1. lj second in command, hence 'vice.' The iirst Vice-President of the 
 Chinese Republic, Li-yuan-hung 3g 7!' $t. 
 
 2. fJc an expedition openly prepared, in contrast with Hi a secret attack. 
 
 3. $Sj . . . 0& These two characters begin and end the preamble to many 
 official notifications, such as proclamations; and are also employed in some forms 
 of official reply, petitions, etc. Between them ma}' lie a simple or elaborate form of 
 words setting forth as a preamble the subject in hand. Such documents begin with 
 the name of the writer, followed, if need be, by his title or titles. This at least was 
 the case under the old regime, but it would almost appear from certain official docu- 
 ments issued under the Republic, that official titles will be more or less discontinued. 
 The word ^ is now largely used and appears to be a word intended to reduce titles 
 and ranks to something nearer a common denominator, on the principle of priority 
 among equals. . on account of 4$ a matter then follow the character and details 
 of the 'matter' inserted in an explanatory way between them. f$ to announce ; );n 
 to know to make known. 
 
 4- fii! i?f These words art- usually found at the beginning of proclamations, 
 and may be translated 'whereas ;' 'be it known.' Then follows a detailed account 
 of the matter in hand. 
 
 5. J5 tS & for . . . the reason. Here again characters that serve as 
 connectives, linking the thought, are separated by a long distance, and the matters 
 to which they refer are sandwiched between them. JS on account of jf f| overturn- 
 ing 81 ffi Manchurian Pure (dynasty; ;' evil j& ;fr government fy i alter and 
 establish, i.e., change the old regime and set up *,' ^ perfect 3$ >fll united & |$j people's 
 kingdom republic JQ l,j the reason or object the reason was all that lies between 
 {# fjij and *{ the overthrow of the Manchus and establishment of a Republic. 
 
 A 
 
 $1 ^ H. If a ninn is poor /us i 
 if n horse is lean its liair is long, 
 
 is short
 
 I,KSSO\S IN KI.KMKNTAKY WKXJ.I. 
 
 it 
 
 a K it 
 
 
 
 A'J 
 
 J, B ^ 
 
 1 IJ I ft 
 
 ' 
 
 * 
 
 MM 
 
 . 
 ti ;<M m 
 
 B. 
 
 sift a K 
 
 J / *^y | 
 
 BTfr W 4^ -tt JHl. 
 7V\ r r- /bu>^ ./" *^ 
 
 n\orthro\\' ihc (lctc^tal)K' Mancliu ( \o\ -eminent and establish in it> 
 place a perfect l\e]>ul.)lic. \\ e were apprehensive tliat the ]>eace 
 negotiations would prove abortive. Accordingly we swore that we 
 would send an expedition to the Xurth, in the hope that we should 
 thoroughly exterminate (the Manchns) and reali/e our aim of a 
 united Republic. 
 
 \o\\-. however, the Republic is an accomplished tact: the I' res- 
 ident is elected, and there is no division between Xorth and South. 
 Since the hopes our army had of having a united government are 
 peacefully reali/ed. and <ince the main object we had cherished from 
 
 ... 
 
 ;ivi.iid war, i.i.-., \\ar \vi.:ild takr place in suite of tlK-ni. Ml this urcsMpl 1 ' '$*> ;| 
 knoxvlfduc ni" wha'. i\-i'rntl> hapiioiicd a cuiisultation l>ct\vcrii tin- \lap.chus and 
 the Repulilicaiir-. li illu>trate- llie need of reading tliroii.iih similar duouiiiciits once 
 or twice before ln'uinnin.u to translate them, in order t" sec the di\i-ions ,,\ the 
 suhject. where it i\ ad\i^al>!e lo commence a new paragraph, etc. 
 
 -'. I'l. . . . iilj her.' ;V. jl|| to-ether in the hop 1 - 'l^ 1 ty- 'i* fi? '-''< pioU^h o\ r f the 
 hulls and sweep away the graves -oxterininate thoruujihl} 't? reach |^ gathered 
 into one j'i fll united [\'- D*J ;>. people^' eountry |j f|!j aim Tliis last is one of the 
 ncwK tornied expressions that has passed into common use: ii may lie translated 
 aim; the ideal .set heforc the mind. 
 
 ,v ^ f^t ...]> |*t ... these mark the progress ,,i the w riler's llioii.ulu 'seeing 
 
 that . . .' and ' also that '....%% ',( decided on. 
 
 |. )''( . . . f'J 'hat \\lnch iMiihrac'-d ;'^ descriptix ;,-{ \^ [utrpusi-; l^adm,^ idea; 
 polio a linn iliat lias ,-.imr Breath into \nmio during the I'.-i fe\\ \ears ij? j-i] 
 reachvcl : attained. 
 
 rn
 
 l.KSSOXS IX KI.OII'.XTARY WF.XI.t. 
 
 ~T 
 
 *o ft l^.itt 
 
 r* 
 
 JE 
 
 tr* IT 
 
 * ft 
 
 the \x-ry lirst is attained, lighting is at an end, and the great purpose 
 is achieved, the name Northern Expedition should, as a n- : itter <t" 
 course, he cancelled. On this account \ve notify all ranks, without 
 exception, to remove the t\v<> words 'Northern Expedition,' that 
 names may correspond with realities. An important annou icement. 
 
 i. J5f jit this is a formal beginning after the main subject of the proclamation 
 has been dealt with this being" the case -the facts being" so and so: therefore. . . . 
 
 -' f$ 1V to announce and expect : "on this account it is expected that." 
 
 .3- $J -Jt here ift introduce- the object ;|ii (!<; the two words, ' Northern 
 Expedition.' 
 
 4. n ' so that jM reuulate; rectify : ^ the name (and ) '$ the reality. 
 
 READING LESSON IV. 
 
 t -H- 
 
 Jl 
 
 A President Caged. 
 
 Fr 
 
 If ffi 
 
 
 IE ^ -t r2 JE Sf j! m 
 =f ffi it iili 
 
 n ..K ii.nt is 
 
 Sun-yat-sen in Confinement. 
 
 jM nnui\ : liei'e. mi l.>al>!e.lh f,'j' $(, ft a l>elie\er in religi"' 1 . 
 
 -f? . . . i,-} at tin's stage e.juld dn nothing but pray c. nitinuallx . 
 
 sj; . . . .iV all. entiivh I'/ ip.tr. "Ineing the ..lijed 'i - r=r life f| if- ]' banded. 
 
 Oi.d. 
 
 if( i!j siiddei i a heart and .-pint at ea.se. 
 
 !! ]Sn Vl ' r > dil'ferent fr.nn bis f, irmer attitude t.i ihe .situation. 
 
 ^ . . {(IJ . . '& and since In calml> \\aited ih< disp, ,,j| i,,n- of I 'rovidence. 
 
 7. r - J - L 7 .
 
 LESSONS IX KL.KMKXTAKV \VKXI.I. 
 
 z z 
 
 am 
 
 1*1 jfc "ft tTBf $ it fiUfr H Sn S &M 
 W M jg,ffi a HjS # 
 h m % ft ft ft IK .-BJR A3S 
 
 & V-^M z -ft 
 A & -f- 5^ & a 
 
 
 tig 
 
 "^-^ 
 
 Ifc 
 
 7ic jiX A. v& 
 2lv /&* xv <P\ 
 
 ?f A I/* jj ^5\^r 5?.i -^ 
 
 Z 
 
 i . u .;', IhTf ;i \ vr'. t' ' talk t 
 
 . -^ what kind ot a man must ynii he in tell me so opi-nlv aix.nt 
 
 IIJj j 1 /. '-K-ar'y, wit'ioiu c^nccalnu nt 
 
 ikc'd n< tlioiidli lie din no; understand. ~-<~; shewed J'J. siu'ii of 
 
 5. I; IF II; Turkey. 
 
 ''. W. f t- '[', ^!i AniK-nia. 
 
 7. ;".',' . . . *"< iKTnctrati-'! atrovitio of all kimU. ,','H t" ail'l i}( ifi; ,^l ;, fe ' fi all 
 KimU of liar>h trratmoi'.t a'il sla'.i.ubtcr. hi -uol; i-onslrurtioii-, \\ heiv the inlliciion 
 of puni^hni'.'in or injuru'S i< rcfiTv-d '.. -t i- vcr\ i-ouinioii for J'j to follow f/naml to 
 
 iK-IH.tO thr ..l.irot. 
 
 ^- ^ . Ji \\ hat i lia\'c inrt \\ nh i- of ;, -imilar ki'ul. 
 
 'i. J'{ j{ t't alter for -o,,(1; to n -form. 
 
 in. V/v . . . fi'f the attitude cif th' l-'-'u'i-li touard-- tlu- \rnu ::ian.- \\a.- olio i>f 
 ->inpa!h\. ' 1> J or ')] ' : .'- i^ o>min>M,l\ u->cd in tlu- -i-n-i- of. :iuiuid<- toward: tlv 
 point Di vu-u from \v!iioh -onu-thint.' i- n-i_;anK-d. 
 
 1 r - i 1 ^ - U'f i' miyht excite p",l)!ie indignation. 
 
 i-'. J\ . . ';,v . . . 'y \vhiiMi i-- thi- more importaiit. \our i|ut\ to\\-;ird (',,,,1 ,.] 
 '.our duty to\\ard \our master ': 
 
 Lv i'V T- i' 1 '-vhieh direction \\-il' \ ou ~lu \\ -\ nmath' : 
 
 i ! " ''?.' ,,!, the \vhole ca?e. 
 
 15. Vc - . JC lu-nci" 1 lie entru-r<-<l !iim \\ith thi- mad'' him hi- Ci-Hipdant.
 
 LKSSOXS IX KUvMlvXTAKY \YKXIJ. 
 
 ffii 
 
 II jfii TO, 
 
 JS M 
 
 
 
 
 tJ:, 
 
 < ^'* 4 kw,it ft %\m ft 
 * - ft ft ft ii ;^ en ^ ^ % 
 
 ^ 3$^ 
 
 
 
 in 
 
 ifii 
 
 ft Bt.^.SM* 
 
 =? 
 
 
 ft 
 
 AX 0, 
 
 MJJ 
 
 a H m z 
 
 ,^ ft 
 
 Ifij 1; H^ ft >T 
 
 =? m ^,* 
 
 C ft,@t JJR * J 
 
 ' re -T 
 
 IT 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 I. ^ !.;': ll )( ' n<-\t me inline. 
 
 -' In ,'J". l'iiittil In tin i-<i;i] hi i\ in nrrK-r to ^lu-\v his iiH';ini 
 i-. nu-.'inin.ii' I>y jxiinti'n.y; 1" the iy>;i! -fiilili-. 
 
 3. '/? ;UK! ihcri-iipfin y)[; \\cnt In. 
 
 _|. ||-' . . . fa thrit r.n \\hi-h Su;i'- life \v;is ilci'rpdciit. 
 
 ^. ,!',-" . . . nj' nni>t \\riu- it hniL: mi ilu- hcd ;in<! it \\ill he all ri^lit. 
 
 (,_ ),'. If^ |1 Sundav. 
 
 7. i s j . ,i^' ^'' ;i > ciitrajnic'l h\ nn a^riit nf \]-\<- C'hin<->c l-jnh.-issv. 
 
 S. '{- |1 hcf' 'fi- I'ni.ir. 
 
 'I. JV. . . . '"[ I'ic-.k-cd mi it as a VCT\ serious i.ia.tti-r. 
 
 KI. jTjj . . . |Tij ... ,1 took it out without delay and looked at it. 
 
 I i. ,'t?j . . . -,'i'i because- your oase involve? my irovenipifnt. |nj with . . . it- in\ol
 
 T.I'.SSOXS IX RLKMKN'TAUY \VK\IJ. 
 
 "I 
 
 Hi fr m ft ;t *T Jff ft A ii'i 
 
 
 
 
 f JTr ifij 1$ fi'i 1ft 
 
 m in IMS ^ jib ^ 
 
 H ^t * US 
 
 en n 
 
 
 
 IT 
 
 * 
 
 -.t 
 
 5l 
 
 in 
 
 ft ^ ^ 'P m n 
 
 ^ ?! 1! ^ ^ n 
 'C> m X Z fr 
 
 m z m 
 
 Fr ^ iili 
 
 
 BIA .^ 
 
 3P ft.|E 
 
 Jifc 
 
 " 
 
 X ^ ffi K If 
 
 7 ; j U H ffr ifu 
 
 rfl -i/L ^t |* 
 
 1x Wf 
 
 i. ,"f . . . 'i|'. littlr less ihan the siuvnur nf i ,o(K).i)oo suldiers. 
 
 - ?Kl f.5" : s<.'li""l''l hinis'.'lf IM \vait (|ui\-t1y. 
 
 .v | T- . . . JUJ .'il>' oxorti'd Iiiin-ii-lt" t" the iit'iio-t in lu-lp Snn. 
 
 4. Wi in this \va\ : at the same time . . . 
 
 5. J'J. . . . j,.Tj because it \\a- an imi>Mrt;mt matti-r. it was lie\Mnd the al>ilit\ \ 
 ant t" <ln it. 
 
 ' Mi ?''/ j''( 1'laee M t" hti.siness. 
 
 '> W .'!'> spieiall;. i-iifiasi'od six detectives >nlel\ t" ferret "in this tnatter. 
 to. J''. . . ^1- thiiikiiiL; that Sun had iin means nf escape, cnn-e'iueiiih did HI.I 
 I a\ mucli attenti'Mi ( t" liim ) J7. J'^ i,5j t' > CMiisider. 
 
 ti. !|.'j: ...']' issued a special ilhiMratk.n m the I,'.udiir : pa|ier>. 
 
 i-'. HI -U 'ill |">litica! offender. 
 
 i^. f*i . ?t fi'i>m thi- time tlii^ \\'as made puMic Sun'-- life was safi\
 
 I.KSSOXS IX Kl.KMKXTARY WKXI.I. 
 
 LESSON V. jj!R ft % 
 
 WAYS AND MEANS. 
 
 t A 
 
 a* 
 
 -'^J 
 
 O 
 
 iJ j / 
 
 Rff i 
 
 t / * * 
 
 11 
 
 A 
 
 ifti *fr $ ft 
 
 Bf.fi 
 
 r-i xC 
 
 B^ 
 
 M A 
 
 'W. A 
 
 *i A 
 
 W /\ 
 
 Article on Finance. 
 
 The fact that at the pre.-eni time China is hard up, j> kno\\ n 
 to all. At the time of the Revolution, there was a threat deficit in 
 both public and private tund>. There was lo*,> bv burning, by 
 ])lunder. by robbery, while of the remainder, >ome \vas used for 
 purchasing arms. <ome for enlisting troop- and maintaining them, 
 for travelling expense-, and for the ap])ointment and transfer of 
 ofticials. Thi> was greatly in excess of former expenditure, while, 
 at the same time, the income, on account of the disorders, \\ as ^reai- 
 1\- reduced. o\vin^ to merchants losing trade, \\orknien bein^ out of
 
 l.Kssoxs T\ KLKMKXTAKY wr.xu. 
 
 %k )& Av# & $K$c* 
 
 -rf y^* 777 .AJ^ 1. If? T^fv ^vr |ti 
 
 ^- TE yC* HE _L. y^. Jivl xs, IR 
 
 ^ 4 
 
 Sf To* 
 
 m 
 
 
 HMHF 
 / 
 
 pffl 
 
 XV x B r* 
 
 T Mi 
 
 
 1ft, 
 
 1 HJ- T" ^ 
 
 ) Wi -1^ z> 
 
 f # 4 
 
 fc 1^1 T 
 
 ' \H J J 
 
 r/r. rti 
 
 m ^i 
 
 X M 2c M 
 
 et 
 
 a 
 
 t 7 a 
 
 T 
 
 employment, aiul fanners liciii:^ deiirived of tlu-ir ocenj)ati<n 
 I Fence, in speaking of financial ^trails, ii trui\' may 1>e said that 
 all elas>es arc affected. 
 
 At the ^ame time, in the present sitnatii'-n. the ne\\ Government 
 must he maintained; the Mildiei's that ha\e been enli>ted cannot be 
 disbanded, and the demands of those \vh'> in different parts need 
 innds. mn>l be adequately responded to. in order to avoid L;Tave 
 disturbances. Hence, thin^ bein^ a> thev are. ho\\ i-, u jiossible 
 
 Li -i
 
 J.lvSSONJS IN KUiMKNTAKY \VKM.I. 
 
 |r- . Jj X V -^ I J__T^ ^^*^ * _^^ 
 
 WoB f T K ^\ X JS ft It' in ffB 
 
 ^T ^ jtt f'3 n ai B ^ x' * ^ M ^ 
 
 ^ M m m, IE 31 M. m m 
 
 fa ^ ^ M -V hl 
 
 ^-'^ 
 
 T 
 
 Ht? 
 rJ.iii 
 
 T 
 
 Jft t 
 
 E9 M 
 
 ^ 
 
 I! 
 
 4 
 
 
 ft ttt ffi ^ # 
 
 to make satisfactory arran^x j iiK'iit> for the future \\ithout funds? 
 \o\\ . since funds are indispensable, and there are none to IK- drawn 
 froni either the upper <>r low or classes, there is only one way out 
 of the dilemma, and that is to contract a foreign loan. 
 
 On account of these things, to contract a foreign loan at the 
 present time ha- well ni^h become a pre^sin^ matter. 'I.' he lirsl 
 item- before the Government established at Nanking are the <|uc>tions 
 of a l-'orei^'n Loan, the Hypothecation of the Man Yepint;- (works) 
 and the Loan from the Russo-Chine.se l'>ank. On account of these 
 things it has been more than once attacked on all sides by public 
 opinion, and is in a dilemma. The first items, too. before the 
 
 5- i*; \\ Tin.- il:i!i \i|Miiu \\urks art 1 >iuiatc<l in the \*v<>\ ince d' Miipcli. 
 anl llu 1 Japaiu-sc \\riv \\iliiim i-> advaiict. 1 nt"]u-\ "ii llu'in. jij 1 t plc'hu : n>ual!\ l"i.'i" 
 small >nni-. i^alsn app!i'-'l ii t'uml> ahanoi-<l nn the s<.riirity of nati'iiial assets. 
 MV/h a> tlu- Cu-ti MII-. rail\va\ s. i'li'. i'j 1 ^\ plolu^ iu m- nnnl> ailv:itiOf<l < MI scrnrit\ . 
 
 f). $i . . . f / ktiss-i-t'hiiH M- Hank. 
 
 ~. l'-i . . . '"!' li< rr llir ,'i i\ fiT> ii;a'k in all iln- inallrr> thai pnvrcK'. 
 
 S. ;{r . . . ?':' (ii'iimit |.. advamv r ( r. r. <!,. 
 
 i). ';% fs. in rrlo.'i-i- ;. spring : \ Jiiaki 1 a Man. 
 
 ID. |' L | ... if i iiTin.'iiiy. I'.n^laii'!. Anicrioa. anil Japa'i. rima^rd tn a<Kani'f a 
 I, "an in tin- iu-\\ Ri-|itili1ii- 1" help hrr mit "f ] lr r !inaiu'ial 'liiVu-ultii-s. 
 
 4"
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY \VENLI. 
 
 M & * 4 
 
 ill 
 
 (MIL ft ^ M A I 
 
 w ^ ^ f8*fi w t 
 
 f 
 
 
 M ft 
 
 ,X X ft 
 
 WL iTf > 
 
 & ^ a IB * 
 
 til ir 
 
 1*1 
 
 
 ri z m 
 
 * * M 
 
 w w ft a 
 
 tf 
 
 A 
 m z 
 
 Government at Peking, when it makes a start, will be the questions 
 of a Foreign Loan, the loan from the Four Nations' Syndicate, 
 and the loan from the Sino-Belgian Bank. On account of this 
 (latter item) there is also the protest of foreigners: (the Peking- 
 Government) will also he in a dilemma. So that the question of a 
 Foreign Loan is a very thorny one. At the present time, however, 
 there is no getting out of it. Still, with the desire to contract a 
 Forei;;'ii Loan, there should he on the one hand (an attempt) to 
 satisfy public opinion, and on the other, to act in accordance with 
 national sentiment. If it is merely a question of choosing the 
 most convenient course, on the principle that hungry people are 
 not particular, it will be sufficient either to prejudice the national 
 interests, or else to spoil the whole affair. Fs there not need for 
 caution ? 
 
 ' $ Jt China and Belgian it. 1S1 I'-elgium. \ loan \\a> negotiated l>\ Ta-iu- 
 shao-yi l,tf ^'i 1& "ii terms regarded as prejndic ; ,i! to the intercuts of the Four 
 Xation^' Syndicate, hence ft fj below. 
 
 - ? II 1 ) -'> that ; still. 
 
 .v ^ f'f t^, ii" help for it; unavoidable. 
 
 (. I'"] . . . ''[' inside . . . outside: the interests and .sentiment of the country. 
 
 5. -i ; . '; to reach to; to come to the position of . . . 
 
 , . small: indicator; the > on>eqneno .-> a liomv; oi greater 
 
 <> I
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 READING LESSON V. 5 
 
 Royalty in the Orient. 
 
 en 
 
 T JIB 
 
 * 
 
 
 m 
 
 A 
 
 It RR.I& 
 
 m 
 
 A 
 
 An Account of British Control in India. 
 
 1- $8 1^ to control ; to tie up. 
 
 2 - JS. $9 wind and tide the report and tide of revolution ; the news and effect 
 of ... A comparatively new term used in the sense of 'disturbance,' and applied to 
 ' rows ' got up in schools, etc. . . 
 
 3- $. 7k. reach to, like the far- reaching" effect of a wave. 
 
 4. jg . . . M according!}- after the coronation }}\\ ! added a crown to crown. 
 
 5. itf M to travel ; to tour. 
 
 6. #ij in accordance with precedent. 
 /. All & shew favour toward. 
 
 8. H% the said; the aforesaid. This is commonly used in the documentary 
 style, and in some cases is the equivalent of 'the.' gjj jj: J^ ffi the tributary people. 
 Springing out of its meaning of 'should,' 'ought,' is the word 'proper,' e.g., | /ft 
 the proper Board. 
 
 9- Ki. & in order to be had in remembrance. 
 
 JO. & 3 the Liberal Government took the utmost advantage of the 
 opportunity to carry out some most important reforms in the internal administration 
 of India, ft [j JE ffr the Liberal Government. ' Freedom/ ^ & is not only used in an 
 abstract sense, but also as a qualifying term ; e.g., freedom of the press ll\ UR ^ fi] : 
 religious freedom S ^ $ |j| ; freedom of speech *= !& & fe ; etc. jflj $ profitably 
 employed made the best use of. if- . . %& ^c ;> fy ?fL to carry out . . . important 
 reforms. It is a help in long and involved sentences to find the object first and 
 then turn to the attributive words later, j'-j fa inside rule. $g a superlative, most ^ 
 great. 
 
 ii' .$" . . . & the idea was to control public sentiment, lest the Indians should 
 plot rebellion with a view to throwing off their bonds and becoming independent. 
 JU . . . ffi so that by $| $ tying up, controlling #1 fj'j public feeling . . . ^ they the 
 people of India $c to desire to: to have something in view. 
 
 12. U(t recently: in flf. f] \estcrday PJ-: indicates a delinite point of lime, but it 
 is not infrequently used in the beiise of recent; e.g., Pi-- ff,! f$- last week, is found in 
 newspaper writing. 
 
 I.}. f:|J . . T the Vicerox of India T:|J ft India; Lord Harding ffi T- 
 
 14. ftn "J as below- as fallows. \\'heii particulars are given, beginning with 
 the next column ill >t 'at the left' is cuiiimonly iiacd.
 
 IN T KTJvXfKXTARY \\TvNTJ. 
 
 ^ a 
 
 2.M ill 
 
 wmz 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 wm&&n 
 
 m 
 
 = A 
 
 academic's; schools. 
 
 -' ^- fft" Indian soldiers and officers may have an equal right with the 
 Knglish to receive the Victoria Cross, fff- { M obtain with )t A the Knglish tB Tf 
 equ.'il .urade ^ "^ ^ ?'J ffi. \"ictoria |;)j ?;'.; order of jnerit. ^ usually used in the 
 sense of power or authority, here indicates 'the right to': so also in the expression 
 fl| ?IJ rights and privileges. 
 
 3- & 5. Delhi. 
 
 4- T flf W } Calcutta. 
 
 5. n[J . . . fll the people of India regarded (the moving of the capital) with 
 great dislike. 
 
 6. fty . . . f$ to make Delhi the capital has an important bearing on the 
 religions of India. , l i\ ${ to think, is used as a suffix, much as ' ism ' the religious 
 ' isms ' of India ; cp.. ft Ht ,'i\ .tH covetousne-s. t ?[|> head ; chief ; capita! ; tt often 
 first in im; ortance, e.g., "ft" /f.f V'i" #$ ]iro\incial Capital and first District city ^f- $t 
 religion; the religions world. 
 
 7. )K T W Bengal. 
 
 iVi - f'lf 'fl the place of the placi- in which was situated the capital of India. 
 
 ') 5J 1 jlfc divided the |>rovince into two divisions. The Indians were up in 
 arms against it. and the assassinations in the subsequent years have had their origin 
 in this act. )$ & rose in ilocks all rose J^ "$\ to oppose used also in a parliamentary 
 sense 'the Opposition.' H# secret ur.irdi-r: to assassinate; ]'{( I/* fountain in to 
 originate in. 
 
 10. A ... lit ... ftf\ . . iTli yi. . . . M . . . W K . . . Y.<- since the capital is 
 transferred to Delhi, Calcutta will not be governed directly by the Viceroy, but 
 there will be a Council. Tt is also promised that the province will again be unified, 
 in the hope that this will remove any evil feelings of the populace against the 
 Knglish. n introducing the object ~ft M the capital |V(; . . . {Ilj since then j|"{ |g 
 direct!} connected (in contrast with f"J -\% imlirectl} connected) ,/> by $?, j'f apiilied 
 in China nnd.-r the Manchus tn a C.ovi rnor C.eneral, in coiitrast to 5<j( }|jt the 
 C.overnor ,>f one pro\-jnce onl\ f,\\ n and nn]iloying. making u-e <.f J| jj ^ ff local 
 council. Jfc )j place: often local, e g.. Jfe -J; *$? local officials n *% in the hop,- that 
 jfj - cancel ; remove.
 
 I/I3SSONS IN JvTvKMKNTARY WKNTJ 
 
 en m,i? 
 
 ffn rs 
 
 J$ PJuA 
 
 lit 
 
 f I 
 
 en 
 
 A 
 
 
 1. AL A a 'l ()1 " t' 1 ' 5 ' s > i' 1 the first place, in order to stand well with the 
 Hindoos ; and in the next place, to stand well with the Mohammedans. Is now, a 
 rhetorical particle -on the one hand JU j| in order to be regarded favourably 
 IS] A Mohammedans. 
 
 2. ^ .... Ill it is the idea of the Liberal Government to treat India as it 
 treats Canada and Australia, ft |!| freedom, liberty $C has in view. JU ffi . . . . & 
 to employ the same treatment . . . I/& )fc to bestow, grant it to H|J ) India |j|| < ^ 
 Canada. J^ fJj-l Australia. 
 
 3 f$ - . . '.j the most important point in this reform is the fjuestion of the 
 autonomy of Bengal, jft SA the most important point, f/, has been adopted 
 by recent writers, in the sense of 'point' as applied to some subject or part of a 
 subject, e.g., j< Vj; the extreme point, ft <Y? self-government local government. 
 
 4- f ,1'? ?:?i Conservatives |^ [!| ;V- Liberals. 
 
 5. Vi f':J Lord Curzon. 
 
 6. J; J|] lo boycott. 
 
 7. ^r P'i at the present fj'l ha\ ing 
 introduces the nbjccl |'| -r/f. 
 
 tin 
 
 /f self 
 thai . . 
 
 t< 
 
 A 
 
 sn 
 
 lli 
 
 \ ff it'!( Lord Lansdowne. 
 
 ^ the two. In such cases j scarcely needs to be translated the two 
 individuals Lansdowne and Curxoii. 
 
 i-. fjj . . . ')] repeatedly brought this before the Conservatives and held to it 
 tenaciously. -)} strength, used as here or before verbs strongly. 
 
 13. '-'! . . . !$) came into serious collision with the government. 
 
 14. "- : | J'/ afterwards because. 
 
 15. fu - ^ the b\st plan for ruling India was to unite the individual States 
 into a great confederation, and give to each liberty and autonomy as far as internal 
 administration is concerned. 
 
 44
 
 A 
 
 M it 
 
 MvSSONS TX KTvKMKXtARY WTvNTJ. 5 
 
 
 I* jfc 
 
 ^fti If 
 ft X gf ft 
 
 A i';w 
 M!J 
 
 -ft 
 
 mj'*& 
 
 
 Bfc'Jg 
 
 ft 
 
 1. |'J ... .B/f successive liberal (Vovernincnts helped this policy forward on 
 every occasion ^ 5^ to hold government ft/ ; every time W. sign of object jit fS i^ 
 this road line of policy. 
 
 2. $, . . . 1,^5 more add discussion mats add to the mimber of seats on the 
 Council. 
 
 3. ;,;j ii to lead the way. 
 
 4. j'i'j . . . (S^ in a vast Empire both local and central (government) must be 
 co-ordinated before internal disorders can be dealt with. $ PI Empire, ife )j 
 local i|i 'J^ central f!) It "^ obtain its level be equal in power to govern tfa ftfc 
 before it is possible to .... 
 
 ^- I 1 '] . m then came under tlio direct administration of the Viceroy of 
 India. f 
 
 o. ^C . . . |;|J a \er\ enliglitened and populmis province, and the head of the 
 Revolutionary movement throughout India. JJJ Ift tlie crown of. 
 
 7- :V:i f ^,"- t<> bring into lim- or harmonious cooperation. 
 
 5. jfr . . . l } i if we anal\>.e the reason wh\ tin- Viceroy of India was disliked 
 by the peple. it duubtless was because be had local administration in addition to 
 his (proper) oftice. 4'i !?,( to push back to the origin--to find out the real reason; to 
 analyse. ' f,H to ha\e tlie management or administration of some office beside 
 one's own. 
 
 '.' f!ij ~5\ lu-ngal was made the same as the other provinces of India, a 
 separate < lovernor appointed, and a local Council given to help him; P.engal. since it 
 would have the power of self-government (would make it possible) for the Viceroy 
 oi India to avoid coining into collision by direct contact, and also preserve his 
 dignity as the representative of all India, as well as escape the o.mplications of 
 direct adminstration. fill other; another JU . . . $ ','L 1'ifl I'".- emplov ... to lie to 
 to him a help. ^ -^ wou'd nn| need to come to the point nf . . . 
 
 i- k't . ff: has an important bearing on the hi<tor\ <>i Inilia. 
 
 45
 
 LESSONS IN KT.KMKXTARY \VKNTJ. 
 
 # -t^K | - 
 
 I. 
 
 this reform. 
 
 31 there is absolutely no such thing as their being displeased at 
 ; , . . . Jg certainly no . . . principle. 
 
 -. iK ... iffi 'is to practical advantages they are more than welcome to the 
 whole of India, -fc tf> as to: so far as . . . W |^> practical, as opposed to theoretical 
 $; i3J gladly welcomed. 
 
 3- ffl d? distant from. 
 
 4- US HI extremely difficult to gather all together. 
 
 5- K til there is no comparison between Calcutta and the advantages of 
 intercourse between 500,000,000 of people; ^ is used for 1,000,000. and ta for 100,000 
 in some styles of writing, whereas in speaking $5 is the unit of calculation. ^. . . . 
 $ not with . . may be compared no comparison between . . . and ..... 
 
 6. This most recent and greatest reform of the Liberal Government had its 
 origin in Lord Hardinge, the Viceroy of India. ~fc ^ had its root in; originated 
 with . . . 
 
 /. lit ... ^ the relation of this to the management of the dependencies of 
 England, is regarded differently by Liberals and Conservatives; and both have 
 reason on their side. At present it is extremely difficult to say which is right. In 
 this lies the permanence or destruction, the prosperity <>r decline of England. ?J 
 relation to. &$ [& each grasps one statement. ^ ? not arrived before 
 the thing comes to pass $ very ; extremely ijft j|R|. to know beforehand. 
 
 tf. f'l . . . iil the spirit, courage, and discrimination shewn by the Liberal 
 Government in boldly shouldering such a responsibility is unequalled. 1 finally 
 a particle scarcely needing to be translated. $e * tfj #& boldly, decidedly. * is 
 often the equivalent of ' ly ' in siicli adverbs TH the above, -ff ^ XT & til all there 
 is not may be reached unequalled. 
 
 4 6
 
 I.KSSONS ix KLKMK \TAKV WKNU. 
 
 6 
 
 LESSON VI. as 
 
 THE QUALITY OF MERCY. 
 
 IE ft HB H ffi I 
 
 =fe *ifci u 7! I-J W ^ 
 
 P 
 
 g 1I 
 
 * Tt; 
 
 A H 
 
 
 IE 
 
 m 
 
 Protest against a General Pardon granted by President Yuan. 
 
 A communication from the Director of the Shanghai School of 
 Military Law to the General Director \Yu. 
 
 Yesterday 1 saw in the newspaper that President Yuan had 
 granted a general pardon to criminals. It briefly mentioned that 
 all offences committed before the loth of the 3rd month of the 1st 
 year of the Republic, with the exception of clear cases of murder 
 and robbery with violence, would not be proceeded with. 
 
 ! -ft $; opposition discussion, as opposed to >V |{5 opposition 1>> physical 
 force. 
 
 - ff. \'# to send ... a letter or \vritiny. 
 
 3- '< $1 j\ H formal introductory phrase indicating respect, scarcely needing 
 to be translated. Other forms are j fi>. ft : & ft ', jg gi & ', I respectfully inform 
 you. 
 
 4. !"$ - # \vith the exception of . . . This combination is employed as here 
 when all details are set forth between ] an 1 f> and also in proclamations where all 
 that lies between indicates some definite action, in addition to that named in the 
 early part of the document. 
 
 5. ~2, *f\ two items; it is not uncommon to add the number of tilings enumer- 
 ated at the close of an enumeration. 
 
 ( J- ^ W; This need not be translated, as it merely marks the end of the 
 quotation from the newspaper. In this case the tenor of the article referred to is 
 given; in other cases the quotation may be given in full. Similar expressions 
 found in formal correspondence (usually official') are -^ (5 such reasons; $' ta 1 or 
 -Jf & such circumstances ; T i\i Mich matters ; '# ,;V] such charges. 
 
 A ^ :J ^ Tu fort* i i t <>//ii-rs is not /oily. 
 A7
 
 6 
 
 IN l&KMENTAKY 
 
 A 
 
 * 
 
 MSi-tf t*rf TJ? 
 S^ffi 
 ss' _ . ^^ 
 
 ' 1 }||j J? ttSi 4 
 
 a Mi #t affl Bf * 
 
 a 
 
 * 
 
 I ir ^ 
 
 E 4- i? m 
 
 fft 
 
 ffii 
 
 On investigating the Institutes (which relate to granting) 
 general and special pardon, special pardons doubtless are granted by 
 sovereigns in the exercise of their great authority, and it's true that 
 such things are constantly heard of under autocratic governments. 
 But (looked at) from the side of the injured p.iri.y, and in consid- 
 eration of the principles of law, can it be said to b^ just? Besides, 
 all the laws of a Republic should be publicly accepted by the people 
 generally, before being published by authority. Although at the 
 present time the laws of the land are not framed, and uniform 
 procedure is still lacking, the foundations of the Republic are already 
 laid. But is it permissible for the individual to commit a breach of 
 the common law of the Republic because of his kindly feeling? 
 
 1. ~t\ 3r. u sovereign. 
 
 2. ]t ilJ sole rule; autocracy. 
 
 3. [] assuredly; it's true that; this no <loul>t is ... 
 
 4. H. . . . [!fj constantly there is that which is heard ll-ll ?. 
 
 5- Sfc . iffifheregJfc is nearly the equivalent of pf{ 'concerning"; "in relation 
 to"; and so used may be followed by f$ or ^ etc., from the point of view of $ -ft 
 ~ft the injured party. 
 
 6. g'[5 an interjection expressing surprise who would have? how can it be? 
 T^-S- ^ fail"; equitable. 
 
 7- fcJI .? #&?/ furthermore should be . . . before .... 
 
 tf. ^ fil united; republican; the term applied to China united under a 
 Republican form of government. 
 
 <j. % to pass through ; indicates that the .statutes have ' passed muster ' and 
 are accepted. 
 
 10. 9ft iff to promulgate: rfr indicates that the act is official. 
 
 11. '&. ffij - fe1 3c although . . . still . . . can it be that . . . >M here is an 
 interrogative particle. 
 
 i^- *s8c 8 to break and ruin; often tiscd for a breach of neutrality; etc. 
 
 4 8
 
 T<lvSSONS IN rXKMIvXTAKY 
 
 T X 
 
 
 R J$ 
 P is 
 
 ilJlUS 
 
 w BR 
 
 IE 4 
 
 JH. 
 
 Sf ffl El tr,^^, 
 
 ** 
 
 JIM 
 
 A 
 
 n 
 
 rt +mCFe. l. 
 
 fe M jit 
 
 _ 
 
 l-'roiii tliis (in\\ard, seeing that the President of the Provisional 
 (jo\ ernnient. on taking office has (introduced) this irregular canon, 
 in time to come, the President who will he formally elected will also 
 follow in his steps. At the expiration of his three years of office, 
 another President will he elected and will inevitably take this as a 
 precedent, and from this it will be perpetuated to no end. T fear 
 that those who will escape the meshes of the law will constantly he 
 greatly on the increase, and it will be anything but easy to keep 
 people from going to the bad and trifling with the law. Flow will 
 it be possible in the future to maintain order and quiet? Hence 
 from the time of announcing this decision in a regular way, all 
 criminals in confinement, with the exception of murderers and 
 
 I. M 1 f"11'>\vin till.- and iK-nccforth. tfe=t T from m>\v on. 
 -' US 1 applied to the gnvennont pending the final settlement of procedure, 
 etc. Ki ll f5( fff Provisional Government. 
 
 .;. 5$j ?i \v:!(K'rnoss rule a rule that does not follow tlu- ordinary course. 
 So 'i'f ?f| ' \vild fowl,' applied to something outside regular procedure. 
 
 4- iH 5^i the orthodox pattern: formal : applied to thing-; done in a repular 
 way, according to an approved standard. 
 
 T- ^ ~Z- w 'l' -''1^ follow in the footsteps and carry out ;. this irregular 
 rule: |Vt ... ill] ... ^ ... |T.j . , . ,t. 
 
 ''. IS f*J lead and regard this as a rule -will adopt this as a precedent. 
 
 7- M . . . fi" those who 'oak out of the net -who escape ft frl the meshes of 
 the law. 
 
 S. f?: . . . K guarantee not make had the people; i.e., it will he difficult to 
 ensure that the people will not do rvil under such a state of things. [i here seems 
 to he used verhally -to make had, instead of in it* rsiial sense of had : vicious 
 
 o. $1 'i$ to ivuulate; to keep in order 
 
 10. 'ft ;";j 10 announce: to proclaim. 
 
 IF. '[, K all thoM.> not life rolihor-, the different crim;pal< in prison ^ ;, 
 abbreviated from A ; p fi!\ V^ ahovc. fo here has a distributive force, each and all. 
 
 49
 
 6 
 
 UvSSONS IN KT,KArivNTARY WtfNLJ. 
 
 n 
 
 ft 
 4? 
 
 m 
 
 m t 
 
 I IX* 
 IH_^ 
 
 m'm&& 
 
 JL 
 
 X2. 
 
 ;rl *.* 
 
 lit Bt ^ ib 9 RH - 
 
 |g "^ & 
 <, |si\. *(** ZC > 
 
 at 
 
 ^ ^ iP 
 
 robbers, should, in accordance with it, be set free and regain their 
 liberty. Since this is in opposition to the spirit of a country ruled 
 by law, and is a return to the old practice of autocratic government, 
 I apprehend it should not be issued by a Republic. 
 
 Bearing in mind the fact that you have travelled in Europe and 
 America, are an eminent member of the legal profession, and have 
 been placed in sole charge of the legal administration, and so must 
 have some enlightened views on the subject, I venture first to address 
 you, and hope for a reply giving a decision that will be something 
 to go by. Great is my felicity. I remain Yours respect fully 
 
 T. ?.... ft 1 ! 1 have a ruled-country's spirit ?J; VP under the control of regular 
 law as opposed to the action of Yuan who lias acted independently ; fjf f|i usually 
 applied to persons in the sense of vigour, animation, is now commonly employed in 
 speaking of the ' spirit ' of an institution, law, country, etc. 
 
 -' 111 ?-t again walk in the autocratic government's old practice JQ applied 
 to a course of conduct rather than to a physical act, e.g.. {Yj j?f} '1$ >{>$ recurring to the 
 old practices. 
 
 3- ? 4V niy master -you. Honorific titles arc common in direct address to 
 avoid the use of pronouns. js'Jj Europe; OG America. 
 
 .\. ).T, . . . 4- are law studies exalted constellation -""{-stands for the constel- 
 lation of the Dipper, hence, exalted. 
 
 5- H $8 administration. 
 
 0. $%, in relation to; as far as is concerned. 
 
 7- Jfl Si use boldness venture to make bold. 
 
 (Vs; . $j ii"J to enquire by letter. 
 
 '.) 3$. tr cut out and and reply to cut out, is applied to decisions etc., and 
 carries the idea that the person in question has power to discriminate between things 
 that differ. 
 
 10. J? . . . -2c a formal ending to a letter, "Yours respectfully."-^ may be 
 prefaced by any suitable word, which varies according to the rank of the person 
 addressed, e.g., f^t ! 1< to a tradesman, ~& -'fa to a scholar, etc. In some cases the time 
 at which the communication is made is indicated, as 'f~ 2c 'noon peace.' 
 
 5
 
 1,1;SSONS IN 1;U>MKNTAKY \\KNIJ. 
 
 READING LESSON VI. 
 
 Information About the Informer. 
 
 uf- if giJ 8 
 
 us 
 
 
 iE 
 
 
 Was Cheng-pao a Spy ? 
 
 (he) or not? ft ftf a Chinese spy. Af /{f |H. 
 
 -' fr. - . . -$ the names of the petitioners and their places of residence arc set 
 forth in detail, followed by the matters about which they petition, fft TC of Kiangsi 
 Nanchen District and j ^ of . \nh\vei 9$ i District. The subject of the petition is 
 the shooting of the Chinese spy fi'. ^J- 
 
 ,?- -f'i ft handed in a petition to the Shanghai Military Governor (petition- 
 ing that) he would clear up -the matter; ;f|J j to explain away. 
 
 4- "ft ... ^ all that lies between these characters is the language of the 
 petitioners. ft ... tjq briefly to state why their dead friend suffered i|!jj$ fjJ] which 
 they find it difficult to understand & . . . we beg you will announce it with full 
 proofs, an 1 explain explicitly to the people (so as to) resolve their doubts. ;';'!] B}f( 
 to open up clearly: to explain in detail. 
 
 5. y'/A ... A the Shanghai Military Governor Cli'en, yesterday, after receiving 
 the petition, replied by letter to the two men I'eng and \\"ang. -)1|- to grasp : to receive 
 a communication from a subordinate &j (U. letter replied -replied by letter. 
 
 0. l& . .. f we transcribe the letter below. $( original, often used retrospect- 
 ivel.v. H after=lower down, in the following ci.mte.xi. from this on is the reply of 
 the Military Governor, #[; -jf-. 
 
 7- &'& the case of the spy Cheng-pao lias been presented in a plaint and 
 noted '-'f- one case -at law, follows the definition of the case in question. Jl ha> 
 come to hand; .'u^ V: "7" (or ,,'if] ) a statement of a law case handed in to the official. 
 
 S. JM . . . jlij . . . \Q openly professed to be a member of the Tong-nieiig 
 v^ociety, while secretly contriving to injure (others) p}, light: i^ dark; used for 
 h\ pocritical action -ju'etending' to be one thing while actually something else. -J~- l ; < 
 handicraft, skill. ..skill in action, in either a good or bad sense. 
 
 n - ,A ,'L allow me to set it forth for yon two gentlemen i I'eng and 
 Wang) in detail. ,j\' to attempt I will attempt to .... 
 
 10. 'r .... # it appear> that Cheng-pao was 
 a member of the Tnte'liu'ence 'Department of the < 
 Twanfang. J: 1 , ,|:, to belong to: to be a nati\eof. 
 Manchu Dynasty, known as the $ V-lj 1'ure Dynasty. 
 
 gsj, tornierlv 
 
 'ft .1 -i'> frt>
 
 6 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 Jh# 
 
 
 
 ] - ft & enrolled himself as a mcmlier nf . . . 
 
 - III? ^" Hih sole oliject was to spy out the inner workings oi" the Society, 
 in urdor to inform the Manchus: lu-arly all the menihers ui' the Society knew that 
 he was a spy. \%\ gij appears to lie an abbreviation for |^ , . . JU ^f> . . . ^lj with the 
 exception of ... i.e., the only thin.y for which he entered the Society was . . . f& all ; 
 has a prepositional force, to, in, etc. $% ffi .Yfanchu Chieftains, a term of contempt 
 for the AJanchus 5tj nearly; almost. 
 
 .}. ?JC . . . - 1, myself am also one of the witnesses; see below ^ fft. 
 
 4. !...'$ all these are the real facts. 
 
 5. >ffi Kanchow in Kiangsi. 
 
 (y i'! Shanghai, so named from i]J jr. an old name for the \Vhangpoo. 
 / '; i'K'i secretly accused Chiang-peh-ki and myself, and we were both 
 in imminent danger of death /< 5"j!ij unfathomable, inscrutable, as death. 
 
 8. .'^ : ffi when the Revolution began to make headway, it was repeatedly 
 set back ('through him). 
 
 9- ifl n-rf when the Revolution was an accomplished fact, Chc-ng-pao wrote 
 me from Kiukiang, on the plea of tendering his services, fj l or %};, to offer for 
 service and J acceded to his request, jj'j ^p- when: and then when, yt fli glory 
 returned: applied to the restoration of the old order of things: sometimes written 
 '& -;fc=thc Restoration. #,',' indulgent; lenient. 
 
 JO. ]{\ . . . >b the real reason for asking him to come was a desire to punish him 
 for being a traitor, and to strike terror into the hearts of the vacillating, pjj JU ? ft 
 the ' inwardness ' of a thing; the why and the wherefore 'M eold ; to fear; here 
 connected with >b to cau>e to fear; cp., 'to make one's blood run cold.' /-^ fij!| to turn 
 from .side to side. )'^ f!(lj ft those who would now be on one side, now on the other. 
 
 J). i 1 ft? according to the evidence of Chcng-pao himself, ft- to depose, as 
 a witness. 
 
 12. itfj
 
 UvSSONS IN KUvMKNTAUY 
 
 I* 1 . 
 
 i Fin St ilif^-t &,* i E^ 
 &&mmAmm-%f JLS ^,j i 
 
 J. fi[) . . . | on those two cuiintb there was abundaiice of irrefragable evidence 
 that place the fact of his beiny a spy beyond doubt f$ IH iron evidence; absolutely 
 certain. 
 
 _'. ,'i'i . . . 'H extremrly difficult to she\v leniency to. 
 
 .? ft : M the old calendar: with the establishment of the Republic the foreign 
 calendar $f was adopted in place of the old one. 
 
 4. Fyj . . . -ffi| was executed openly. 
 
 5. j . . . %]i. habitually holds the principles of human itarianism, and had there 
 not been guilt bevond question, would not have needlesslv executed him. Xote 
 use of i S6- 
 
 LESSON VII. 
 
 DRESSED IN A LITTLE BRIEF AUTHORITY. 
 
 m-. J* nJi ifli / Tft: 
 
 W* to IRf^w yv 3C 
 
 *-^ MM /V > I * | ^T^- 
 
 M ^ *a ii 
 -ffi a ^ ffi )i 
 
 Diplomatic Career of Luh-cheng-hsiang, the Head of the 
 Foreign Office. 
 
 [. Luh-cheng-hsiang \\asstatidncd for some time in Ixiissia, and 
 is thoroughly conversant \\iih knssian affairs. In the year of the 
 Boxer uprising', he assisted Yang-ru in the Mancluirian negotiations. 
 
 r ' t ',j' Wi /
 
 I^SSONS IN EXMN'fARY WtfNlX 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 ffi 
 
 T 
 
 r*>v 
 
 & 
 
 
 ^ $6 ^ #%K JX ^C ^ 
 
 
 
 ^ El ^J ^ ^ 
 
 ^^ -j^^* v 
 
 seie UK 
 
 <& 
 
 
 1-^1 * "* \ ' r ^ r->OAJ /I' I % 
 
 ot" IS Jtt |fe it ft 
 
 His decided and skilful replies to the Russian Minister for Foreign 
 Affairs have been set forth in detail by the Japanese in their History 
 of the Secret Negotiations between China and Russia. 
 
 The year before last he was the Minister Plenipotentiary for 
 our country at the second Hague Peace Conference. During the 
 discussion of the Arbitration Treaty, a certain country proposed 
 that the withdrawal of the power of Consuls to arbitrate should be 
 made one of the subjects of arbitration. Mr. Luh being apprehen- 
 sive that the withdrawal of (the power of) Consuls to arbitrate 
 would, at a later date, be prejudicial to the interests of our country, 
 made a speech in the Conference and strenuously opposed it, and it 
 was dropped in consequence. Again, in the matter of international 
 relations in regard to arrest and place of trial, England and 
 Germany had decided to divide the different countries into three 
 grades, according to their strength or weakness, in order to 
 determine the number of judges to be sent to the place of trial. 
 
 1. jj'j . . . Ui The Hague )lj-. f- I'eace Conference - 7 |^ >fi| ff complete powers- 
 plenipotentiary ^ $Jj great messenger J^ fjj? a title proposed for foreign ministers, 
 the term 4V $1 to be applied to Consuls in place of f,f{ '\i '('',' 
 
 2. V the term 4V Pf a public decision, is employed for ' Arbitration ' 
 the decision come to by nations. ^ $ brought forward for discussion VJ. introduces 
 the whole subject thus brought forward $$-']( the Consuls $$ ffrj f$ ;. $$ [3 with- 
 drawal of power to decide or arbitrate j$ to be <fc ^ arbitration 4\i i([ matters -%_ 
 of one one of the subjects. 
 
 ,v life JU another da} : at ,^'>me oth'-r time $& tf.} a hindrance, something 
 prejudicial to ijj $ $ 'a bout of holding forth' an address. 
 
 54
 
 T.USSONS TN I?r,T?Ml?NTARY WtfNTJ. 7 
 
 sift K #J KB>ffi Pfif ifr M ^> ^ -li 
 
 f if.4 1 1^ ^ JR ^ ^ ^ x 
 
 S @ ffoii - ffi 
 PR X ^ v r. H 
 
 'i ft>* w i, 
 
 : & H lal Ki. ffi 
 
 ^ ftfi ^ m ^ - 
 
 Pfl ffl H * W SS 
 
 rfn 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 K 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 Bt iEJC ,* 
 
 ]\Ir. Luh ascertained this on the day preceding, and arranged with 
 the small Powers of South America to rise and oppose it; hence it 
 was not possible to carry this treaty into effect. 
 
 Again, in regard to the device of the Dutch Government to 
 compel Chinese emigrants in the islands under Dutch rule to become 
 naturalized, and the opposition they raised to it, this was relegated 
 to a question of diplomatic arrangement between the two countries. 
 
 1. Ij; . . . 'j in (the matter of) [$| ^ international relations #j one treaty- 
 the treaty. 
 
 2. W . . . $. JU consider, regard as. ftf- |jf applied to the status of nations, 
 powerful or weak. W so as to; in order to ... 
 
 3- %] f ? to covenant; agree with $'j [P] the South American petty King- 
 doms j$j : IS 'J* G9- 
 ^. TPJ Holland. 
 
 5. ^ frfj Chinese emigrants. f#r J\'j emigrants. 
 
 6. 1^ removed- - out of the sphere of international politics jfjj $ and 
 1 ccamc .... 
 
 7- -P Hit contended and discussed argued in the way of protest. 
 
 S. W because, owing to the fact that . . . B.j': ;^ 4\ constantly there were 
 cases ;it was a matter of frequent occurrence, ffij f^| %, arid ln-cause of it iff | 
 secretlv altered - changed without open acts of hostilitv. 
 
 55
 
 UvSSONS IN IJI.tfMKNTARY 
 
 <KJ sum 
 
 *t 
 
 ?#j| ra A in m 
 
 3 jt B ,FKH ft 
 A # SB 336 
 
 ffi A J&lt UJ 
 K.jlfc K TJ ft 3f 
 jib ft m B fA 
 $J W 1r lal ^ HI 
 
 X SI 
 
 jit 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 .=04. 
 
 lit & /ft $ itt i 
 
 itt 
 
 rfn 
 * B 
 
 J K If 
 
 fl5 ffi ^ il 
 
 n it m m 
 
 A 
 
 l> ,y t 
 
 J!a IB] 
 
 Mr. Lull disputed the f[iiestion with the Dutch Government for over 
 a year, with no result. He then owing to the fact that it is a 
 regular thing for countries to withdraw their representatives to 
 indicate that diplomatic relations are broken off, and by this means 
 the attitude of the other country is quietly altered -suggested this 
 scheme to the Foreign Office. The Foreign Office accordingly 
 recalled him. Tn little more than six months after his return home, 
 the Dutch Government reopened negotiations, with the result that 
 in the nth month of last year, the Chinese and Dutch Consul:? 
 concluded a treaty. This treaty states clearly that those who are 
 naturali/ed according to Dutch law on their return to China are 
 still Chinese subjects. Though this treaty cannot be regarded as 
 finally settled, it is far removed from compelling (Chinese subjects) 
 to be naturalized. Further, this treaty, in relation to the rights, 
 
 i. n . . . \\ then n took lit IJit this plan told it to the Foreign Office 
 he acquainted the Foreign Office with this mode of procedure. 
 2 - ffc / then ; thereupon. 
 :,. |'j J'.'. ) concluded the treaty. 
 
 4- 'f "^ not fully decided; not decided in a way fully satisfactory ^ , 
 compared with t[] } % leaves it at a distance. 
 
 5- j'ii '$ duty as of an official.
 
 J^SSONS IN ELEMENTARY WT-;NIJ. 
 
 3! 1 Jit 
 
 111V -x"*- K-* T * r ^ 
 
 ^?o ^Si wE W 0T ao 
 
 pl 
 ^< 
 
 -^T* 
 
 pj 
 
 ile 
 
 prveges, and duties of Consuls, is the same as that drawn up 
 between Japan and Holland. Never before, since our country has 
 drawn up treaties, have we had such a (satisfactory) one. It is 
 for this reason that the President nominated Mr. L,nh to be head of 
 the Foreign Office. 
 
 ! Pff %. Tl 4? that which had never been. 
 
 READING LESSON VII. 
 
 Celestial Flights. 
 
 
 IE ^" 
 
 fe 115 tfc 
 
 f 
 
 An Account of the Flight of Li-ru-yeu. 
 
 I- '^l^r living progress aviation. 
 
 - ')M ifa ^n Imperialist general who held .Nanking against the R 
 troops during the Revolution. 
 
 3 ^ ... lif not easy to make headway in attacking him. 
 
 4. fp <Ci the first two characters of the Twelve Stem-;, isrd as 
 Tuiiilish in reference to both men and things. 
 
 5- M H Hying ships : aeroplanes 
 
 d. ^r f$f the ('.olden Tombs, a name for Xanking. 
 
 7- SS fa ^ a race course }T. $} a place close to Shanghai. 
 X . . ?. i an artificer : X fi labour ; fifl a teacher. 
 Tit -W the professional aviator, Mr. I.i-ru-yen. T$ f l j '*.' ""e 
 made a special study of a subject: an expert. Xote that ft is inserted be 
 .-.urnamc and what corresponds to the Christian name. S below ^ f| q^
 
 LESSONS IN tEMENTAfcY WNU. 
 
 1. fi] introduces the subject of the sentence. So used, it docs not need to he 
 translated, hut may he regarded as a sign of the suhject. 
 
 2. i|' g Chinese and foreign. 
 
 3- vfft fi'] Shanghai-Wusung Railway Company. Railways are usually 
 named by employing the first character in the name of each terminus and combining 
 them. Here $-= ^ $ and ^g one of the names of Shanghai. So ig ^, ! of the 
 Shanghai-Nanking Railway. 4Y o'] a commercial company. 
 
 4. ~JJ= . . . / came to an agreement as to the selling of tickets, and by this 
 means helped to make up what was lacking to pay for the aeroplane. $$ through ; 
 by means of. 
 
 5. i5 ... Ox there were copies of the regulations posted up in the Shanghai 
 Railway Station, stating that . . . ffi to stand; a place where carriages, etc., stand; 
 a railway station. 
 
 6. /L & -ill those who have tickets of admission to the enclosure to see 
 the flying, value $i, $2, and $3, purchased outside the railway station. 
 
 7- iirl 51 arc requested to exchange them at the ticket office for return 
 railway tickets to seethe flying, of equal value, 'ft sign of object. ;^; ( the aforesaid 
 tickets [] at i% }' J^ the ticket office . . . descriptive !& |u] }ji j return tickets. 
 
 S. ^Ji ...'{] may travel first class and may also view the ascent from the 
 enclosure where it takes place. 
 
 0. 5"? ?K the company ran special trains for the convenience of sightseers 
 that they might come and go as they pleased. P>3 to start, as carts, vessels, etc. ^ 
 ijf special trains. 
 
 10. $5 ... A there were also several members of the Consular Body; 95 f l IIS 
 the Consular Body, 'gft 'a mass 'is used largely in newspapers in the sense of 
 'group'; 'body'; as here; e.g., [Hj [$ $K (^ the International droup of Financiers. 
 
 1 1. I? .ti. interpreter. 
 
 i 2 - 38 ffi to look after ; to attend to. 
 
 '.} 'in 1 hiied the road and kept order.
 
 LKSSONS IN EI.KMKXTARY WKXI.I. 
 
 us 
 
 in 
 
 M 
 
 it ft ffi JS 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 A 
 
 A ^ _h 
 
 ^ Jt ^ s 
 
 a - it 
 
 ff J, 
 
 
 IP 
 
 n 
 iv & m 
 
 A ir 
 
 - 
 
 =f- 
 
 A - 
 
 i . |."f IJlJ special ; particular ; a comparatively new term. $$ o!I W reserved seats. 
 
 -'. ^ . . . i- more than uo stewards and ticket inspectors, male and female. 
 
 .3. >K ,2'i ' iai ' made a special study of them. 
 
 4. ti] '^ to superintend the machine to see that the machinery was in good 
 
 5. \8..... fk \\a.s completely satisfactory. 
 
 (>. |^i .... A^ the foreigner in charge of the aeroplane and his assistants, [ft 
 introducing the sii'iject ; helow used in the sense of ' from ', f^ tj[ JjK from the mat 
 
 shed. 
 
 59
 
 8 
 
 H 
 
 LESSONS IN JJUJMUNTARY 
 
 m * 
 
 m 
 
 Sfe S.ft 5 Hi 
 
 
 A 
 
 tr 
 
 BB 
 
 i. Jr. . . . vft the well dressed crowd poured out of the enclosure to the 
 Railway Station. [ 9$ $$ if the red men and green women, i.e., the men and women 
 who '# 1 #[> |$ wear gay clothing, y^ t|i locomotive ; engine ; motor car. 
 
 - ip ^ Mr. Li had given his mind to the business, so as to dispense 
 with foreign aid and do his own steering. 
 
 LESSON VIII. m A 51 
 
 A LIFE ON THE OCEAN WAVE. 
 
 M ft M sFv 
 
 A Proclamation issued by Hsie, the head of the Naval Training 
 Camp, in the matter of Enlisting Recruits. 
 
 "Whereas it is on record that orders have been received from 
 the Admiralty, stating that it is urgently necessary to establish naval 
 training camps that the naval training camp which already exists 
 
 i. )fy : 'i|i.' .sea army: naval fyfc %% practice-camp- naval school; camp for the 
 training i it sailors. 
 
 -'. .iK applied to principals those dm I in command. 
 
 3. ^ to receive in Imth hands, hence to receive from a superior. 'i an official 
 record, llefi'ire SOUK- \vrlis "/,* to have the honour to. c.g . f/j-i fa to have the honour 
 to acquaint. 
 
 .|. }?;/: '<l>. i'il't the I'hinese Admiralty. 
 
 5. [If] to open; used in the sense of ' >tat ng ' it is stated that . . . etc.: it 
 introduces the tenor of a document, not necessarily the actual words. 
 
 ft- "ft K ; , pronmtlv. as in dulv hound. 
 
 // /.v r^jrv /(> en /is/ troops , bill difficult to 
 disband them. 
 
 60
 
 I.HSSONS IN IvKKMKNTAKY WKN1.T. 
 
 w. t* 
 
 M f? Hi 
 
 m 9- w m. 
 
 m m 
 
 ,tt^ tfc 
 
 A 
 
 iifc ^ i^> *&. ? kz 
 
 iff XEL M&. TT\7R\3*J 
 ~T* i^ ^>5^n ^ \1iffl ; 
 
 M (Hi tt ffi ^.JM - 
 # A S *>=& ffl> ! 
 
 r 
 
 
 at Chcfoo should he enlarged, and that the mimhers (in the camp) 
 should he added to hy recruiting, with a \ ie\v to help forward such 
 training, and to have men in readiness tor transfer and employment 
 elsewhere. 
 
 On receipt of this, 1 at once sent tin: regimental officers, Chang 
 Tai. Chiang, and Choh, together with the naval instructor, Ijn-kao- 
 sheng, to enlist recruits in Yungcheng, \Yusung, Xingpo, and 
 Machiang, and to select those suitahle for eni])loyment. 
 
 \\dierefore. let all the ])eo])le <if these aforesaid places know hy 
 this proclamation, that if there are those who are \\illing to respond 
 ti ' this sumnmns. and who have the qualifications set forth heli>w, they 
 
 it 
 
 I. m* Jt >liuuld : ,y.Jt' here in the SCIIM' t.>t UMii 
 
 & ' "/ 1'tiild mi the existing foundations. 
 
 _'. iVt<> assist in; In lielp forward. )V. so a> In ... |TiJ and to . . . 
 .}. ?$ |M marks the end nf tlie i|iint;ttii>ii and dnes imt need tn hr translated. 
 
 4. It i J '? ;i11 instrurtnr in sail> and rope>. 
 
 5. *$ a >i,n'n of the plural used after the ahn\r enumeration nf naint^. 
 
 n. ft to divide ; indie. 'lies I hat eaeh one \\ ,'is ^rnt tn a di ('for cut place, one went 
 this \vay, < me that. 
 
 ~. $ /I] eorre>pniidin,u tn ( the i u-e intended; suitahle. 
 
 S. JS nil account of; n-cd \\hcn the suhjeel matter of the jin .elaiuatio:; has 
 heen stated, and precedes any exhortation or remarks arising nut nf it;"nntln> 
 acci 'lint " : " hence " : etc. 
 
 0- ij^' '^' places referred to; the afnre>aid place.- . 
 
 in. 1(11 ... # . . . i!|l if ... those who . . . then . . . ty] fr . . . /^ should then he 
 those \vho . . . $l{ fr I* 1 ?. '-> are williiiLi to act in response to the summons -to enlist. 
 
 o j,7j to he f," in 
 
 the
 
 8 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 R W IS A ^1 
 ^ 5. 
 
 o 51] R m m & 
 
 ->- ^ ra A 
 
 a- a o 
 at w tt 
 
 M -tfl ft Hi 
 s ff 3f. S 
 O -f- > 
 
 -, o 
 
 m 
 
 
 o o e o 
 
 JH ffi ; ffi 
 T O ^ & T 
 
 o 
 
 + 
 
 A 
 
 A e s 
 a m w 
 
 O 
 
 A 
 
 it ,# m 
 
 il 
 2, 
 
 should proceed at once to the Training Camp at Tongshan, give in 
 their names, and await the result of investigation and examination. 
 After being selected, each must draw up a form of voluntary 
 agreement, and hand in a copy to the Training Cam]) for reference, 
 at the same time waiting till the appointed date to proceed to the 
 Chefoo Training Camp. Each man will receive Taels 5.40 per 
 month wages from the Training Camp. 
 
 A special proclamation: let none disobey it. 
 The conditions are as follows : 
 i. Age to be over 18 and under 22. 
 
 _'. Height to be about 5 feet 6 inches. Knglish measure. 
 . To be strong and vigorous, and to have had good health. 
 
 f ) l<> await; to permit. 
 jf willing IX la bond ; guarantee. 
 ; t<> tile; to keep for reference. 
 
 I. Kg, read in the 4th Tone I -}_ 
 
 -'. -H- to prepare ; to write out. 
 
 .v f'm ii prepared for referenc 
 
 ] nil <ind at the same time . . . 
 
 5 fll tS* the Smoke Terrace Chefoo. Strictly .^peaking Oiefoo ^ " is the 
 I'lnff o;i the opposite side of the bay from the mainland. 
 
 o. p P2 food used for wages. 
 
 7- iic. ft 1>y the month ^ issued by the Training Camp. 
 
 !";. lil P'fl as follows . . : used, before an enumeration of particulars. 
 
 9. .... ~f items such as this and the following are not usually numbered 
 consecutively is prefixed to each as it occurs. $ the front teeth, used for a 
 person's age '{... tt >" under; beneath. 
 
 10. - heretofore indicates the normal state.
 
 ST. lo-'S 
 
 u > 
 
 IN tfUtMKNTARY WUttLT. 
 
 4. Must not be short-sighted. 
 
 5. Some knowledge of aquatics. 
 
 6. To be able to read more or less. 
 
 The 24th day of the 4th month of the ist year of the Chinese 
 Republic. 
 
 Issued to be firmly pasted up at the East Barrier Gate. 
 
 i. $5. $i "ear sighted. 
 
 - X.K iS- nature of water some knowledge of tides, etc. 
 
 3- Hi |gj Republic. Dislike of imperialism has filtered through to the form of 
 characters. |g| is also written 111 a 3 prince, in an enclosure ; but now that the 
 people have taken the reins of government is substituted for j ! 
 
 READING LESSON VIII. 
 
 Decadent Buddhism. 
 
 ivil* 
 
 Detailed Account of a Mass Meeting of Buddhists. 
 
 T - Jft *& head association.. |g, all ; as applied to organizations means chief; 
 leading; general; etc. 
 
 2. if. Kiangsu. In newspapers and other writings, the provinces arc usually 
 referred to in an abbreviated form as here, where ?T. }T. $&: sometimes an old name 
 of the province is given. 
 
 names generally met with: 
 
 The following 
 
 are 
 
 Chihli 
 
 ilk 
 
 Shantung 
 
 iii 
 
 Shansi 
 
 in 
 
 1 loiian 
 
 fifc 
 
 Kiamsu 
 
 & 
 
 A nh we i 
 
 s'c 
 
 Kiangsi 
 
 m 
 
 Chehkiang 
 
 *r 
 
 l-'uhkien 
 
 1*1 
 
 Kiangsi 
 
 i 
 
 Kiangsu 
 
 - 
 
 Anhwei 
 
 \ 
 
 Ciehkiang 
 
 ' c 
 
 l-'uhkier. 
 
 \ 
 
 1 lupeh 
 
 > i* 
 
 1 lunan 
 
 ) 1, 
 
 I 
 
 Collect ire /it/, 
 
 ft 
 
 in/I JSK- 
 
 1 lupeh 
 
 I lunan 
 
 Kwangtung 
 
 Kwaugsi 
 
 Szecluvan 
 
 Yunnan 
 
 Kweichow 
 
 t?hensi 
 
 Kansuh 
 
 Yunnan 
 
 Kweichow 
 
 Shcnsi 
 
 Kansuh 
 
 Kwangtung 
 
 Kwangsi 
 
 i : >
 
 8 
 
 UvSSOXS IN ELEMENTARY WEXI.t. 
 
 tH. A ft 3 A 
 
 s. & ft 
 
 m 
 
 it 
 
 US 
 
 ffl* i?" $fe 
 
 jJ-L sF* /7PX 
 
 
 1. f# . . . A more than _>oo I'.uddhist delegates, f^f A Buddhists ft ; 
 delegates ; representatives. 
 
 2. ; . . - . "ft to establish a vast organization. 
 
 3. $t -A more than 100 people connected with the newspapers, the schools 
 and colleges, the military and the merchant class, were present at the meeting. Jn 
 this case the one character does duty as a descriptive epithet for the colloquial 
 term, e.g., ; M for $r [if] $i : fy for ;*i $. and so on. Vr- used once with ^- avoids 
 repetition & J/f ne\vs]ia])er world $j ^ commercial world, etc. 
 
 4. fJi) il the President of the Society for the Study of Buddhism. ^ H 
 head of an association. 
 
 5- irt 4& A the originator or promoter. 
 
 o. fit to push -to elect. 
 
 7. JS ll-. W to be lord of the feast master of ceremonies; chairman. 
 
 5. ||j ... -j'; the abbot i if the IJu-iiin monastery Jngkan addressed the 
 meeting saying . . . . ||j introduces the speaker, so below -Jj ; abbot of a Bud- 
 dhist monastery. : {\( ','," t announce- -the object of the meeting. 
 
 0. /T' fl ; i' '^ indispensable that we wlio are of thi^ generation unite and 
 form a great organixation, ami (!'> our utmost to seek to arouse Bothers) to action. 
 1$ fKi an organi/ed body. 
 
 10. J I.. .... ,i'!t they are all of a specially kind disposition. Such places as 
 
 schools, hospitals, institutions for the blind and deaf, and asylums for the aged are 
 established by them regularly. ;'/i! like such as . . . ^ !$ i" regular order. 
 
 11. i j 't . . . ti, nothing that is beneficial to society escapes their notice, and all 
 for the sake of spreading their religion ! f$ i advantage. 
 
 i_>. Q . . . <?f it is fitting that our religion should imitate them from now on 
 tt like \)j I; act as they do; imitate. 
 
 i,v }$ M be alxi announced .... delegates . . . 
 
 14. & to follow, in order .... 
 
 15. $ . . . iff; announced that he had handed in a petition at Xanking to 
 President Sun, and to the head of the Board of Kdurators, and it had been granted. 
 fit (ft granted, as a petition; to sanction.
 
 LESSONS IN ICLKMICNTARY 
 
 g 
 
 a 
 
 
 Z J B * 
 
 
 jft 'i>J 
 
 ^jfc 1 a 
 ^ & m tB ^ 
 
 M ft S H & g tt 
 
 ,m 18. A * H M if m 
 .ft A,1ft F* ^n 7 it. A * 
 ^ ^ M E 
 
 in ia,^ ^ ^ 
 
 A ^ ^ @ *i|=* rfn a a,r 
 
 ^ z n,z M m ^,*,E =r- 
 m m& ftt\$m^*mn 
 K 1% ^n i?i 
 
 m 
 
 1. It ... nj" our religion is no\v at the time of the g'oing down of the sun (on 
 the decline ), and nothing hut organization mi a wide scale, and strenuous efforts 
 will be any avail. J|- . . . . /f. "n[ indispensable. !>nth simiilc and complex exprcs- 
 MOIIS nia\ hi 1 inserted lietueen J|- and ^ nj". 
 
 2. Yi' . . . ',;] read out a congratulatory address, 'n. indicates readiny aloud 
 ti ' an audience. 
 
 .3. \ ! . . . i$ in recent times, since the change from the Manchn's, our religion 
 has declined day hy day. until at the present time it is on the point of extinction. 
 !|*J proximate future. 
 
 4 lH- JR'J this is entirely owiny to the fact that \vc priests are lacking in 
 self-respect, do not move with the times, hut merely live upon society, contributing 
 nothing for our food and clothing. \"o wonder that we are spat on and abused by 
 other religious sects ! |'j ' self-love: self-respect, .h ; : f' to 110 upward and enter 
 to progress. 
 
 5. Jj : . . . . f:!] unless we fulii'i our .-hare of public duty. h-.,\ ca-i we participati- 
 in tin- rights and privilege of a Republic? g( i/f- ])iiblic matter-: social service 
 
 o. ^ . . . ^ that P.uddhism had. thus decayed was owing I" the urnorance of 
 the priests, who simplv took things easy. Rccentlv it had go:io lo\ver and io\v'r. 
 until people scarcely knew what sort of a thing Buddhism wa-. \- to -uch my.-- 
 t.-rie- as the (ireatcrand Lesser Conveyance, it was useless to refer to them. \\] )ft 
 proceeded irom.had its origin in. # merely, only. f.\fe '/'>'($ nearly not kno\\r, 
 -Jt %$ inner meaning, esoteric. /J> 'j$ teaching for 'outsiders': exoteric. .^ it 
 mvsteries.
 
 9 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 E^f ffl *ft i 5 
 pl \/lj 3E: ^ 
 
 K ^X. 
 
 ^ A 
 
 A m m 
 
 1. tjd . . . ^ it injured the fame of the whole body for purity. 
 
 2. H& . . . / it was finally decided that the general administration should be 
 (carried on) at the seat of government. 
 
 3- lh ii the employment of different officials to attend to arrangements, 
 deal with correspondence and various affairs, was left to the Chairman. 
 
 LESSON IX. 1! 
 
 THE PASSING OF THE QUEUE. 
 1 ^ A^ $1] |S& ^ I^JSl 
 
 Jl 
 
 T 
 
 Sft 
 
 fir 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 The Queue-Cutters at the Foreign Office. 
 
 The employee.-, in the different government offices in Peking 
 regard the Foreign Office as being specially open to new ideas : 
 hence many in these offices have cut off their queues. This is by no 
 means confined to the official class; many of the runners in the Sula 
 T'ang have also removed them ; at the present time there are only a 
 
 [. P3 il open to new ideas. 
 
 2. W f?K officials of the Boards W the official class in contrast to ^ runners, 
 
 etc. 
 
 A E! 3i ? 3 81 J, 
 
 to the law \ 
 06 
 
 to the wind.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY VVKNU. 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 ft E 
 
 a B 
 
 a a T 
 
 JT "IPf" A -I-" | J 
 
 1^5 /@ XV C L_J 
 
 J.'i' ^f- rt^I /^^ 6'/7 
 
 ifi" ~-l~* rl-T' nlyp /R^ 
 
 H g fffl Iff PI 
 
 3T {^ fSf 55 Rl 
 & W 
 
 J-. Lf -- W| 
 
 . ffl ej ^ 
 
 i^-^ 
 
 A 
 
 FlJ W ^ 
 
 ip^Ja'- 
 
 
 
 fe\\ (|ueues left. The official in charg'e of a certain office regards 
 this as "a (law in therein." He wants to get together others of 
 like mind and organize a Compulsory Ouene Cutting Brigade, and 
 make a clean sweep of the pigtail. 
 
 He has already ascertained that at the Ho-huei office there arc 
 still two left, in the Kaokong office one, in the Chiieh-suan office 
 >cven. in the Shnwn office one and a half. A certain Mr. Ling coils 
 his queue round on the top of his head, and the local people call him 
 " Half-tail." All told, there are twelve tails and a half. It has been 
 decided to hegin operations in good earnest immediately. Those 
 with pigtail> were scared on hearing this : each said in turn, " \Ye will 
 at once choose a hicky day and remove them." They were so 
 alarmed that thev did nut dare to enter the office. 
 
 67
 
 I.KSSONS IN ELEMENTARY WEN LI. 
 
 ttt& fc 
 
 ^ fl <j^_t 
 
 ft f 
 
 'If K ii 
 
 m w 
 
 F & it 
 
 
 ^7 
 
 j M 
 
 It % & M it if fr 
 
 w M 
 
 
 > 
 
 A Fresh Notification by the Official re the Removal 
 of the Queue. 
 
 The Shanghai District Mu^istrate. \Vii-yiian-cliiu, some 
 a^'o recei\'ed orders from the Provisional Governor of Kian^su. 
 who had received the President's Circular, to the effect that it had 
 been ascertained that after Xorth and South had been united under 
 one administration, the people and merchant class whose minds were 
 open to new ideas, and who knew the general line of policy, had in 
 every province and in every place of trade, already cut off the queue. 
 Rut while many of the above cla^s had done so. and those who 
 still wore <|ucue> were few. yet in other out-of-the-way places in the 
 country, many --till kepi it han^in^ d<>\\n. llence the official- 
 
 .V U l" th; eti'ccl thai . . . i'( often stand.-; at the beginning of a 
 tion. introducing it. e.ii , |^ JV. !> notify in writing that .... 
 
 4- & \ notice ho\\ a lon.y and detailed description of both people and 
 places may lie between # and the introductory words |Tij fal ~/C \i\ -il ^ and who 
 were acquainted witli the main ideas -who knew the present trend of things. 
 
 5. -Hf ... W ... 17 ; ; but . . . the rest . . . still ...'*&% solitary; lonely, ft:-: 
 if the remaind.er- those places away from large centres of population. 
 
 68
 
 is 
 
 LliSSOXS IN Kl.KMKNTAKY WlvNI.I. 
 
 ft iK% A 
 
 fi * IWop 
 
 ?* Ttr L =A 
 
 v? S k- It 
 
 m IPX 55 i 
 
 fp, jj 
 
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 >; nn 
 
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 9 
 
 ffi ft ft, ia 
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 "I 
 
 ili ft 4 , 
 
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 should issue a proclamation and make it <|uite clear that i such 
 people ) must cut them off" at once so as to remove the Itad^e of 
 the Manchu. 
 
 Official \\"n, after the receipt of this, issued proclamations 
 several times and m ide it generally known. l*n fortunately, a certain 
 class of the lower strata of society have been under a i^ood deal of 
 misapprehension about the matter, saying that to cut off the queue 
 is to make people foreign slaves' Consequently, after Official \Yu 
 became cognisant of this, he issued a proclamation both terse and 
 clear, and had it pasted up in the principal thoroughfares, and in the 
 teashops in the surrounding districts, so that all the above class 
 should know, and at once b\ the removal of the queue attain the 
 de.-ired end. \\'e are ghen to understand that now Official \Yu has 
 
 i. W . . . i'l^' S" a> in roni'ive tlio tr.kcii i>f the Man-liu '-u-t'Mii. I 1 *- ftj shewing 
 th>' end of the communication received from the Tuhih. 
 - ~" $ once and a;?ain ; ropc;itrdl\ . 
 ,^ /^ ii' '>ut alas ! 
 
 4- K ^ man\ aninnu; tlie !>>\\er ^.la^^c^ \\ n >nu;i\ apprelu-niied. "I" nfe aiid 
 . I', iifii the upper and ln\\rr clashes applied to social status rather than to a moral 
 standard. 
 
 5- ". m'V >iy" of the plural, tin- saying.- "f th^s,' ju^i nu-ntiiieil. 
 
 6. a shop. 
 
 7. { . . . f.'i ! . let . . . know so that they may . . . 
 
 ^- & sn t" transmit and recmest to request in a despa'.ch. 
 
 6 9
 
 9 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 (ft 
 
 ft 
 
 if fli 
 
 
 fifc ffl 5 
 
 ~> i 
 
 in 
 
 flin 
 
 Jl 
 
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 >fi m 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 requested Mr. Muh, the head of the police, to instruct the constables 
 on their beat, in every section of the city and suburbs, beginning 
 from to-day, that if they happen to meet people with queues, they 
 should begin by mildly exhorting them, letting them know the general 
 purport ('of removing the queue). Should such people not be amen- 
 able to persuasion, the police must arrest them and take them to the 
 police station, where they will be punished according to the law. 
 \Ye do not know what steps Mr. Muh has taken in the matter. 
 
 ' ?/ $ alarm matters, applied to police; 0.54-., *J tg /,,'j a police station; %f 
 ffi ii the head of the police. 
 
 2. $ IS to transmit orders to order ; j$j is applied to orders or " instructions" 
 issued to a subordinate official. 
 
 .3- U IBQ the divisions into which the city is divided for police purposes. 
 
 4- $ l$ to stand on a mound to be on a ' beat."
 
 1ESSONS IN KtKMKNTARY 
 
 9 
 
 READING LESSON IX. jl 
 
 Blank Despair. 
 
 S Z nh fe it til 
 
 z m 
 
 m 
 
 L*S 
 
 
 m 
 
 a 
 
 A T ^c'fS 
 
 -t- 
 
 H 
 
 JKl 4 *' 
 
 T 
 
 fi 
 
 
 z 
 
 T 
 
 m^-ftDui&m sfi. m m _t ft *& % 
 *s -? -^ B'i f % m 1 p fa, a tt 
 
 A 
 
 X 0? 1H 
 
 A Hankow Tragedy. 
 
 4. n . . . $,f. R:I\C him some lint \vater and rt-xivcd him J^| t<> pour into 
 jioured d>uvn his throat. 
 
 5- f'} i'iC tne I'cason oi liis short-sightedness in seeking ti> take his own 
 liii- 4% 1,1. short vision -applied to wrong- views of things. 
 
 <> ffij . . . soon after they let him go, and told the policeman to follow him 
 and secretly watch him [fe .11: {% to tail after him to follow him. 
 
 7. ')<. . . , V! irremediahle misers' that could not he content with anything but
 
 9 
 
 T/ECSSONS IN EU3MENTARY 
 
 p 
 
 i?K 
 
 Z mM 
 
 ft? 
 
 P 
 
 ni.tr 
 m m 
 
 A 
 
 M 
 
 *^ 
 
 fi -T 
 * 
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 TIT 
 
 re] -T 
 
 UK 
 
 * ffi flC A JBl PP 
 JE ^ vl 
 
 e 
 
 i. ^L $? saw l' c xvas i' 1 slightly hotter sj)irits. 
 
 2. $1 . . . H<f. granto'l tint yon are in very sore trouble, what is the objection 
 to letting us knoA- ? Perhaps \\v may ho able to help yon. 4\ ^. ^C JSJ $H '."L *)* 
 troubles as great as heaven. j# ^ to dispose and loosen; to extricate out of 
 difficulty; to make some suitable arrangement. 
 
 ,v ]": ff of scholarly family. 
 
 4. yi. . . . i'i5c because the family was poor. 
 
 5. 15 A' to act as secretary 3 /< friend fin) the tent a private secretary. 
 (>. '4? A the house man the \vifc. 
 
 7- til ft to die: died. 
 
 ^- :! 7i tTr -*><: jiule and stone perishing together: his master, being a .Manehu, 
 was presumably the stone. 
 
 1$. %& jjt ijiJfe to exterminate the family; to end the succession. 
 
 10. 3 P. the twelfth ni -nth of last year '# $. last year. 
 
 n. NJ JJ i 7 A. for the space of two months. -%_ ^ may he affixed to any period 
 of time. 
 
 12. fff . . . I?, to borrow travelling expenses to (enable me") to return home. 
 Jl| ^ stream help, help for a journey. A-L- *R to return home 'P. $|i|5 ?.. the country; 
 one's native plaee. 
 
 '.! L'4 /JII begged during the da\ on the streets from door to door. In 
 addition was both cursed and beaten by the head of the Tithing Office ftlfcheldup 
 the beggar's bowl. ' }}\\ to pile one on top of the other, applied to several things 
 happening together: see below $J[ 'M ' j"( distressed by cold and hunger. 
 
 14. H'lfr . . . Q he whimpered from hunger and cried for sorrow, causing distress 
 tu all wh'. heard ^ !'>'<. a sour nose -distress causing people to snivel.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 
 
 tn m z 
 z m &>^ &: 
 
 a* Rt 
 
 f& tt jfa in 
 
 I. fjij . . . ffiiji I had previously begged ;i few scraps from the aforenamed 
 restaurant, and the proprietor seeing the child cry, took pity on us and gave him 
 a basin of rice gruel. J^ n& I & nt i the restaurant; the proprietor 3% is often so 
 used=(JR flfl or vg i[fl. Xote JU introducing the object and ])elo\\- W '>C 'rif I told 
 the proprietor the truth. 
 
 - ?fe 5? my advice is that your best way will be to part with the child 
 and give it to someone to adopt. 1 will find him a good family, and so the lives of 
 both father and son will be preserved, ^f. ?? cannot do better than . . . lj -^ cut 
 love a love that will be willing to sever the ' tie that binds' J?K to give to J\. j[ 
 someone iff 4p to adopt. 
 
 3- tH ;& a deed of sale. 
 
 4- ,tH . . . $ we shall probably not meet again in this Hie.
 
 10 
 
 LKSSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 LESSON X. 
 
 THE BUBBLE REPUTATION. 
 
 m_v> i^t 
 m n 
 
 * 
 
 Jtf HH -JL- 
 
 & m JL 
 
 
 
 rT-* = '^-^ 9^s V 
 
 A to '! P 
 
 If 
 
 db 
 
 A 
 
 Memorial Service for Patriots. 
 
 A great gathering in memory of patriots and heroes was held 
 on the 1 6th of this month by (the men of) Wuch'ang and Han- 
 kow having a common aim. They borrowed the Hunan Guild as 
 the place of meeting and nearly 7,000 people attended. A military 
 band played, filling the ear with the sound of drums. Mr. Yang- 
 yii-ru began by announcing the order of the meeting. Then Mr. Li- 
 hsing led forward the officers of various associations to the spirit 
 tablets of the various worthies, to perform the ceremony of the 
 
 J- JJl t 1 ? to follow up grief. i]S stands for the classsical expression fist # jii. 
 | attend to the last (funeral rites) and let them be followed when long gone (by 
 appropriate ceremonies.) f^L to be grieved in spirit. 
 
 2. iK fk "\Yuchang and 1 lankow. These great centres of trade are locally known 
 as i& $t H p the city of Hanyang $5 |f|i making the third. It was in Wuchang 
 that the Revolution began. 
 
 3. f|5 false; also means, to borrow, ffr nfr hall of meeting. The Guilds 
 usually have such buildings in large centres which serve the purpose of meeting 
 places, places for discussion, and centres of help for poor fellow-provincials, etc. 
 
 4- /? T* n t below nearly; not far short of. 
 
 5- %'k )f- order; applied t<> maintenance of order, as well as to sequence of 
 procedure. 
 
 /u' iJinniicr-clap resounds tJii'ongJtout 
 the empire. 
 
 74
 
 LKSSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 In] 
 
 
 
 (ft 
 
 &. 
 
 iflE ft 
 W [ 
 
 iC W 
 
 ^L g JPI 
 
 flfi, flj 
 
 IB i^ 
 
 i*^ 
 
 & = 
 
 .tfc ft 
 
 m 
 
 -- _ I- lift 
 
 at JTJS 
 
 ti ?d* n<&.\ 
 
 J# ify % 
 
 it Jl ^ 
 
 ft 
 
 ffi 
 
 Ji H 
 
 >> / 
 
 
 
 Three Bows. Following this Mr. Vang and Mr. Li-kwei-seng read 
 the funeral oration. It was read in a loud, deep, and mournful 
 tone, moving all who heard it to tears. The sacrifice over, Mr. 
 Chiang-} i-wu gave an address, saying, " The reason for our 
 memorial service to-day, is the fact that the heroes, by giving up 
 their lives in the cause of patriotism, made it possible for us to 
 change to a United China. The fact is that the establishment of 
 the Republic is the gift of these heroes. At the same time in the 
 beginning of the patriotic movement the achievements by Messrs. 
 Uu-yao-cheng, F'cng-ts'u-fan and Yang-hung-siieng \\ere the most 
 remarkable, and their deaths were the most grievous. For the rest, 
 some died in the forefront of the battle, some in prison, and others 
 
 ' %fc 3t this usually consists of an account of the deceased and his achie 
 tncnts couched in highly eulogistic terms. 
 
 2. fijj JU . . . JU . . . J JJ'G the reason fur ... is because . . 
 possible . . .
 
 10 
 
 WESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. 
 
 ft, ft (ft H $ 
 
 fll * it W M * IS 
 SI iUtfo* E2, 
 ^ M PI v n4 ft li 
 ft ft & v,A * 
 H it W> *- if; 58 It 
 
 ,jho , 
 
 it H> 
 
 ^fiff ** 
 
 0TJ^ 
 7I>X 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 .m at, 
 
 ffi 
 
 jlfc 4> J] EoJg 
 
 ,w> =p 
 if 
 
 
 were assassinated. May I reijtiest you, my colleagues, to make 
 them known, that a history may be compiled for the information of 
 posterity. '' 
 
 Mr. Yan^ then proceeded to give an account of the organiza- 
 tion of the Reform Party by Chang-ching-cheng and Chao-chen-wn, 
 and of the manner in which they were put to death; his remarks 
 called forth a long-drawn sigh. 
 
 Mr. Lo-yiin-po then mounted the rostrum and said in a loud 
 voice, "To-day the martial music swells, the military accoutrements 
 jingle, the candles shed their lustre, pigs and sheep are set out on 
 the right hand and on the left this is the outward expression of 
 'memorial.' The united effort, the harmonious help, the comple- 
 tion of the work, and aim> left unattained by the heroes these are 
 
 -' them the 
 
 7 6
 
 IN DLKM1CXTAKY 
 
 fcfe 
 5M 
 
 10 
 
 'SiHjfc 
 
 E in f 'I s'J 
 
 T C 
 
 1r ^ $1* fe^ff W 
 
 VL\ ^i>* 5C: AtL I I Ja 
 
 
 
 the spirit of 'memorial.' The erection of special ancestral halls 
 for them, the comforting and support of their families, the making 
 known their achievements and handing them down to ten thousand 
 generations this is the materializing of 'memorial.' 1 would that 
 you, my colleagues, would give attention to these three considerations." 
 Finally Mr. Li-hsing addressed the meeting and said it had been 
 decided to nrjiiDrialixe the Vice-President to erect an ancestral hall 
 to the three heroes L,iu, Peng, and Yang on the Yellow Crane 
 Tower; and the two heroes Chao and Chang would be near to 
 them. All should do their best to help bring this abjut. It had 
 struck three o'clock by the tinu lu h:vl finished spanking, and the 
 meeting then dispersed. 
 
 I. t\i . . . 'IS 1 - the reality of jft. <\%.. 
 
 '- Ji: Si & this was a Ir.Cty pagoda which stood 0:1 the brow of a lull over- 
 looking the Yaiigt/e. It was Ijiinit down some years ago, but the spot on which it 
 stood still retains the nairf..
 
 10 
 
 WESSONS IN Kl<lv\llv\TAkY WlvNIJ. 
 
 READING LESSON X. + |j? 3g 
 
 Sorrow on the Sea. 
 
 %& & - & w 
 
 .* 
 CJ 
 
 Q' 
 M,S :*: 
 
 IS 
 
 \mm. z M, 
 
 Detailed Account of the Loss of the " Titanic." 
 
 On the ni^'lit of Sunday, the i_[.th April, 1912, the \\'hite Star 
 steamship "Titanic/' on her way to Xew York from Southampton, 
 ran into an immense iceberg, and, sinking four hours after the impact, 
 carried with her sixteen hundred of her passengers, mostly men, for 
 the women and children escaping in the lifeboats were subsequently 
 picked up by another liner which had been made acquainted with 
 the terrible occurrence by means of wireless telegraphy. 
 
 1. I'l flu the \Vhitc Star Company. 
 
 2. flic ... % named the "Titanic." 
 
 3- \f- I'JJ l!i floating ice mountain; an iceberg. 
 
 4. ffij )S truly is ... 
 
 5. ?ft . . . Yg Renter's telegram. 
 
 6. ~ifl . -% the '"irst trip to America.. 
 7- l t$ t carry as passengers. . 
 
 to passengers. 
 
 S. F$ . . . il celehratefl people. ''] \T- 
 (_). M l.'j \'e\v York. 
 
 10. iji/3 1ft 1'# compared \vith 
 oil a larger scale $4 ,1 compared whh 'f^ 
 
 11. llu 0y the vessel itsidt" was in-iired for -I [,000,000 sterling. $,\ fy the 
 body of the vessel apart from cargo. "& \,';\( protected against danger insured. 
 The kind of insurance effected is indicated by some distinctive word between the 
 verb and noun e.g., 1Y< 'A. !'.* lire insurance; \' t '-f; [wy; life insurance; etc. 
 
 i~. L : i Vrti would actually be ... 

 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLT. 
 Tjjfj^ 3o -J* xX.s'T* j~l fy[ tdt -B 
 
 M s ffift -Wr tV/ ^J tvf "ffir *ji 
 1 ffi W ^ 15 W T^ fl 
 
 10 
 
 M 
 
 ft + J Ml 1w ; J| ^ WJBM&-&JL M 
 
 S SI S 
 M^, 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 ri 
 
 -? 
 
 V f n l fr:lKTo&! TT a 
 JB ^ Jh v ^ - M T $ A 
 -m & ^ 3 4? M Fr & 
 2 ^ E ^ -^ ii ft? 3g ffif H 
 
 tt z 
 
 -\-rnm 
 
 2. 
 
 ie 
 
 
 * T 
 
 I. ^ . . . less than our per cent. 
 
 - fa %'i licucc it was not fullv insured. 
 
 3. tft ;Jc riil)l)er. 
 
 4. iii - . T lir>t class materials t'roin the Far Kast. i^ i|; as opposed to jg j| 
 the Xear J'',ast. ".','; si^n of plural. 
 
 5. ~$f. . . . iff' said that it was impossible to say with certainty how much 
 money was lost, hut it must he reckoned at several million pounds IU. . . . jfj" hy . . . 
 reckoned JU indicating the unit of calculation. 
 
 6. #J . . . tli all on account of it lowered their Hags as an expression of 
 sorrow. This truly is an overwhelming disaster. ,? |J to signify sorrow j', 1 } 9 a 
 vast cataclysm. 
 
 7. rli: . . . 1-" the gist of the article is as follow- . . . 
 t>- M . . . fk Sunday night 
 
 <;. nj . . . ft the lookout. 
 
 10. fl'E t-jj the rudder house. 
 
 n. 0|1 . . . '$ at once attended to their various duties of seeing the extent of 
 the damages and saving the passengers. 
 
 12. fa . . . [| to put on life hells. : fi to wear; to put on. 
 
 I.?. . . . i'lV at the same time h\ wireless telegraphy sending the ordinary 
 signals of distress |![ hy making use of H: ^ 'ili "'' \vire electricity j'/^ . . . J'i| signs 
 of having met with danger. 
 
 14. (I. ... ffr constantly li^htiiiL; and sending up rocket-, indicating great 
 danger.
 
 11 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 -r- 
 
 A, 35 
 
 If A 
 
 ffi & & 
 
 -t- 
 
 m ^ A m 
 AJ& j 
 
 . . . M the mail ship Carpathia. 
 [gi. the scene of disaster. 
 
 a post ship ; a mail boat. 
 
 3. iji P$ a synopsis ; an extract from a longer account. 
 
 4. 1: . . . A it appears that it is clearly stated in the schedule of the Board 
 of Trade that 3,500 people are allowed for the full complement (carried by the 
 vessel) but the life boat accommodation was only enough for 950 persons. jj i'if> 
 Board of Trade ijf 1$ added clearly; clearly stated < Ki . . . & $( allowed as .... 
 a full number. 
 
 5. 'X ^ stokers. 
 
 LESSON XI. H ~ -f- 
 
 "FREEDOM FREE TO SLAY HERSELF." 
 
 mi s. f\ ft R p s tc 
 
 --t IS A '#$ 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 * ( Liberty " Wrongly Interpreted by the " Citizen " Post Office. 
 
 The official, Wn. in charge of the Shanghai District issues a 
 proclamation for general information. 
 
 fy ^D M 7/^' heart* of the people arc like iron ; 
 the rule of officials like a furnace. 
 
 80
 
 U-:SSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. 
 
 Vf- ==r re.* CT T'4 t=\ n 
 
 tt X2. K H lJf /Hi LJ 
 
 f*3 S ^ H; H J^5 flj 15 
 
 e f ^ Jt 
 
 _i x \ i * * 
 
 & it If f R ^ 
 
 ff ill^P 
 
 It is Dii record that he received a copy of Instructions" from 
 the Provisional Governor of Kiangsu, numbered 57^, in which it is 
 stated that (the Governor") had received a telegram from the Board 
 of Posts and Communications. It said that "The General Post 
 Office stated that the \\uhu Post Office had received a Shanghai 
 tjlegram from the ITsinyeh Kongso and the ITsieh-hsing-chang Post 
 Offices saying that now the Republic was established they should be 
 all >Avd liberty. They had sent letters by the steamer Poyang and 
 the letters Irid bjen seized and detained by the Wnlm Post Office, 
 and they vowed they would not acknowledge (the legality of ) such 
 action, and prayed that the goods might be returned without delay. 
 
 The Chinkiang Government Post Office had also received a 
 petition from the Min and Clf iien-tai-hsiah Post Offices stating that 
 those who had organized these post offices should, in all reason, be 
 allowed to enjoy some of the blessings of the Republic. They 
 prayed that the parcels and letters that had been detained should be 
 
 ]. i'-) !"} within stated P4I introduces a document, or the general tenor of 
 it. ,'f to grant; used in acknowledging receipt of communications from an official 
 superior and others. x\'. f$ ;$', Board of Posts and Communications. 1 P3 a telegram 
 which state 1 ' . . . 
 
 -' 'iK fil' ; i telegram setting forth that . . . 
 
 .i. W| : ; . . . ill should ho allowed to enjoy participate in th- privilege.- of 
 freedoni. Tiii y had . . . 
 
 ;. tj IQ honourahle (ilace -you. \uiir Purl. 
 
 ; - In) .13 >wear they will never acknowledge (the legality of such action). 
 
 (). *$ I'v this marks the end of the communication referring to \Yuhu. 
 
 7- ':';( ft mcmorkili/in.ti fff to the effect that * ft those who had orga:!i;:ed 
 the 'Citi/en' a'ld the ' Perfect I'.n-iness' post offices. 
 
 81
 
 11 
 
 I^SSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 #1 
 
 a 
 
 AC 1Ul ^fr- I II'B % 'rar 
 
 . ^. WN^ W * ^ 
 
 =,ft, l>f ; '^ H 
 
 : ^ & tf S fit 
 
 S> Jl 
 
 J/ ^I 
 
 ^W* J7!| \ 
 
 S 
 ft 
 
 dbL 
 
 
 nf> lit 
 
 ,*&* 
 
 
 m 
 
 returned, and that fn)m now on they should be allowed liberty to 
 forward mail matter, to deliver it without hindrance, and that it 
 should not bvi confiscated." 
 
 The Board of Posts and Communications finds that "The 
 Government has complete control of the Postal Service: the Repub- 
 lics of Kurope and America have for a lon^ time made this a 
 universal rule. The aforesaid Miuand Hsinyeh Kongso Post Offices 
 have misapprehended the meaning of ' liberty ' and have smuj^led 
 postal matter at their own sweet will to the great prejudice of 
 the Postal Service. 
 
 The regulation in force up till now is that 'all smuggled postal 
 matter shall be taxed three times the normal charge, and the post 
 office that smuggles it shall be fined, in addition, as follows: first 
 offence Tls. 10: second offence Tls. .25 ; further offences Tls. 50.' 
 
 _'. '^ . . . uS niuft nut hinder < the- deliver} uf) r.nr con li suite. ^" ,.;;t -hews 
 tli<* cinl "f the commuiiii'ation frmn Chinl-;ianc. 
 
 .^ 4^ M'' IT tl'i^ intniihiri's ill'- riMiiarks of the liuard uf l'u>,l- and (.'omimini- 
 rations up. the ahu\e nientiuiH-d >i!lijcet. t'r ma\ In 1 \;ini'ii>l\ translated: here it 
 \v m 'd he tin- ei| nival e lit uf " with re fern ice tu " ihe (|iH-stiuii raised, ur ' the I'.nard 
 
 i'liids MI i (Mii!inr\ that . . . 
 
 82
 
 T< AS, 
 
 Mjij 
 
 ffl 
 
 tf 
 
 LKSSONS IN ElvKMJvNfAKY 
 
 III /-*^- gq F=t 
 
 m 13 a9 /^j 
 
 ^ ^ zi ^ IS 
 
 ffcl I -t'l *iil 
 
 7K li "I * ! r S 
 
 ' J \ > N I 'r 1 IH 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 4 -U 5 
 
 - n 
 
 i^i 
 i^ + 
 
 Sf!j'M R. 
 
 it & Sf 
 j ffi^ J!i 
 - ffl^ffi 
 
 dfi it 
 
 'I'hc Min Post Office has not observed this regulation this time, 
 hence \ve request that a proclamation be issued strictly forbidding 
 them (to continue the practice) and that they be fined in accordance 
 with the regulation, in order to emphasize (the rights of) the Postal 
 Service. Kindly acknowledge receipt." 
 
 The Provisional (Governor) on receiving this, in addition to 
 acknowledging receipt by telegram, issued instructions, as in duty 
 bound, for the official in charge (of the Shanghai District) to take 
 note of, and in accordance with them, at once issue a proclamation 
 prohibiting (the illicit carrying of mail matter ) in order to empha- 
 size the rights of the Government, and to uphold the Postal Service. 
 These are the instructions. (The District Magistrate i on receipt 
 ot this issued a proclamation as in duty bound " I,et the people 
 of the Min and other post offices take note, that from henceforth 
 th.' forwarding and delivery of mail matter must be in conformity 
 with the regulations that have hitherto been in force, and there 
 must be no misapprehension of ' liberty ' that will cause a breaking 
 of the rules and the infliction of a line." 
 
 T. ,;'| as follows . . . 
 
 -'. J )i ... ft the afni-osnid Post Offices have not conformed t the existing 
 regulations. 
 
 .v " l ffi M and hope ('you will) acknowledge receipt :<?/ to hope; expect. J 
 si^n of passive { reply "' f*J marks the end of the communication ivcenvd In the 
 Provisional ('.ovenior from the Hoard of Posts and Communications. 
 
 4- 3NJ Iff on arriving at the official residence; on receipt of. 
 
 ; - If M to take official notice of and act accordingly.
 
 ii 
 
 a n w it A * jtt 
 
 "& ^g. |& 'jZfc ^ |^ -^ 
 
 i ? a sa fi 3s* a. 
 ^ I s m ^"-s- n 
 
 I.KSSONS IN EtKMtfNTARY 
 
 flj @ W 
 
 -Aaar PI 
 
 ^ JSl 
 
 jt ^ 
 
 
 W 
 
 ii 
 
 m 
 A ^ 
 
 Let each and all tremble and obey. A special proclamation." 
 
 f?j indicates 
 
 1. m=3& ft uphold. 
 
 2. jit -v~ these commands these are the |!|| ^ "instructions." - 
 the end of the communication from the Provisional Governor. 
 
 3- f % "ft- to hand in and to deliver the posting and delivery of mail 
 matter. 
 
 READING LESSON XI. 
 
 A Flourish of Trumpets. 
 
 
 
 ^ ^ z&& &m&& 
 
 &%M&M^&ttft% 
 
 l'*l 6 
 
 4tTU 
 
 te o PI J ^ 
 
 1. The Inner Man. 
 
 1. P>3 ii'5 opened and established usually applied to the opening of a she 
 
 2. \> . . . . :|h location is usually described in its relation to the points t 
 mpass, rather than, as in the West, in its relation to ri-ht and left. 
 
 3- fill ... 211 the deer and the crane are the sign, ' At the siun of the 
 e Crane.' The crane is an emblem of longevity. 
 
 iH: a branch establishment of the Shanghai Nanking Road 
 divided h?re=a branch establishment is opened here. 
 
 th 
 
 4- .h 
 . I'. lT : .i. V'l- 
 
 $. L? . . . i}l a list of samples of canned goods. 
 to canned goods of all kinds. 
 
 f>. 'T* . . . iil the \vorld to-day is a world of commercial competition 
 contest. 
 
 7- .iK . . . nf but very few of those who enter commercial life attain 
 object . . . -ft of those who. . . . 
 
 1 the 
 Deer 
 
 linn, 
 iplied 
 
 ; lit., 
 
 their
 
 tESSONS IN EtKMENTAKY WENtl. 
 
 11 
 
 Jil m ff Jfc 
 
 AJt 
 
 is ft; * & ^rit 
 
 g HM/r M tf 3 
 M IS li Jil H 
 
 \^-^=r t*'M -t^^f J ( i 
 
 *m ttj f| w 4 1 it a w 
 
 Tfii &%i t fe 
 
 if. M X IFii ^ 
 
 m 
 
 ses of all kinds constantly crop up in the foodstuff line of 
 in some parts the several classes of goods are spoken 
 , , ., h 'This lint- of goods.' 
 
 A conservatives are nonprogressive ; liberals go in for make- 
 believe in order to please their customers, and seek to take in people by selling 
 inferior goods. V| : ft- conservative 1 . . . - to try and play the cithern (a musical 
 instrument like the guitar) with the keys glued used in the sense of adherence 
 
 liberal 
 
 M- to devise to draw a cake 
 
 to obsolete lines of action, 
 
 satisfy with make-believe; from ^ fif TC K/t to draw a cake to satisfy hunger. 
 
 ,}. ^C . . . ft onr firm being grieved at this state of things, at once decided to 
 separate tliL' genuine from the counterfeit, fa. our; this; 'f!f place of business. ^ (\ 
 >'/1 ft at once divide the gold from the stone. 
 
 4 4.'f . . . )i'f opened a high-class establishment. '\\ ii.'f official presents first- 
 class goods " /J J,!;" tea and food shop, a shop for the sale of confectionery, cakes, 
 etc. )'!( one. (ilf is often a|)plied to a block or row of buildings. 
 
 5- J'JI til! in the hope that it would be praised by all. As we did not think 
 it worth while to imitate others, we adopted the name ' I-'ragrant Village," with tin- 
 trading 'style' of 'Prosperous.' -ff ?{ having that which 7p <( would not 
 condescend '';'{ IjlJ ' with other linns ',f, r |p] to imitate (probably in reterence to tin- 
 echo ])roduced by a clap of thunder). Jt! is a trading ' style ' adopted by branches 
 of firms trading under the same g| or sign; e.g., lift : fe is the % but a branch estab- 
 lishment might be !l(i'( $ ?!, '^ |?(i. 
 
 '>. ^."f l)(|J made a special point of engaging first-class <//</" </V cuixiii-- 
 from Tientsin and Shanghai, if: ;>ci|'.': rjl Shanghai. Rig (}ij celebrated profes- 
 sors ---ot the culinary art. 
 
 7- \n tt" always seeking to 'go one better.' 
 
 s - U i'.''i fu i'Y first-class goods, fair prices. 
 
 '' 'tf( 'ii ftC 1^ "" advantage taken of young or old. 
 
 10. J'j. . . . 'i'f \\itli a view to an increase of glory, and on purpuse to make 
 se deviations ('from the right path') and save (the trade) fn nn malpr;i'- 
 with a view to JfUJl a particle indicating pnr|>ose fiR [^ to repair that which 
 >ne side. 
 
 ,v 't* keen desire; \\'ild hope. 
 
 -fc . . . 4*J we also hope that all will inspect our g 
 additional particular, 'further' . W\ ~)i "Z. Vfc *"$-. the 
 people) frmn all nuarters. f^- used conventionallv for th 
 others. 
 
 ..o, .d tho 
 tices. n 
 leans t< i i 
 
 i i. 
 
 u.
 
 LESSONS IN KT.TvM^NTARY WNU. 
 
 is m w 
 
 
 
 H A 
 
 n =s 
 PB 
 
 i. 2 . . . . r i.f the names arc set forth below for your inspection. tf> ~/f_ to the 
 left, as Chinese writing proceeds from right to left. /? ; _{jjf your honourable glance 
 TtT indicating respect. 
 
 2 - !$ , 35 'i" our patrons i|^ Jjjfjj to bestow favour: see below !$ ifl ft 
 patron : customer. 
 
 3- fift . . . 1'pT should we be favoured with a trial order, we should be glad of 
 a letter in advance, lest we should not have the goods in stock. ... fifjj difficult 
 to get ready all at once p^ 'g a trial taste j li-T shall be grateful for. 
 
 4- 38; ~- ^ no two prices; uniform prices. 
 
 5. 7^ ... ?$ it is impossible to give a list of them all. Further, the weather 
 is uncertain and it is difficult to calculate the amount in stock at any given time. 
 
 6. jft" ...;]< dollars and cents whether taken in or paid out are subject to 
 market rates. Wi "r|j according to the market-rates. %fi ^K money paid to make up 
 the difference in the varying values of silver; as applied to dollars, the amount 
 demanded presumably to make up the depreciation in the quality of dollars and 
 cents. 
 
 /. Ivf ; i special notification. 
 
 2. A Good Understanding. 
 
 
 m 
 
 ft 
 
 
 t4i fil selected materials and best workmanship. Dutch bleached 
 ifi T 1 1., Hand. 
 
 ll.'r . . . ftt up-to-date famous stockings made by women. [!.'/= 1ft time's 
 -the current style; fashionable. 
 
 $t It ""t a trace of old calico in the foot of the stocking. ^ the 
 bottom or base. Chinese stockings have' a thick sole composed of several layers. 
 
 4. ^ . . . "ii: neither expense nor pains have been spared. \Vc make high-class 
 goods a speciality, as we aim (at a reputation) permanent and far-reaching, ft} 
 ecial. f"J Tfj door market goods exposed for sale at the door of the shop, 
 best quality. A because we Jg] aim at \ $ long and distant. 
 
 socks, 
 
 pattern, 
 
 86
 
 IN Kl.UMlvNTAKY \YlvNl, I. 
 
 11 
 
 - 
 
 I 14 
 
 w. 
 
 M E ji 1 ^ > ;i M t ^ ^ ^ i> rc 
 
 HtH! X ffi iC M fa M # &' ># itr, 
 
 ,gc it: m ism^tsw^iua 
 
 i. fit fi widely celebrated for large sales <$ ^ is usually applied to 
 wholesale dealings. 
 
 - 4* W situated on the west side of the street, having the door toward 
 the east. *J4 [nj the position of a house in relation to the points of the compass. 
 
 3- #!; i^ 1^: this \vi 1 prevent mistakes. 
 
 3. The New Broom. 
 
 it it fa 3f. Tp.J'h 11 
 ^- ft * ^K If ft 
 
 tew *? wfit 35: o 
 so: s - #j ^ mmrn 
 
 4^* M jEJf'J 
 K TlMlfN fli 
 
 X I 1=1 = ^-"^ 
 
 & '*E W 
 
 a>^ i .^^^ ^i f m ^ ^ t \ -a 
 
 i. 'r? . . ft the tentative reformed Legal Code 
 -' if; /ft The Judiciary. 
 
 'ii ,i. A special table 
 
 ' ' i /." f r 1 1 1 ^ i * 1 1 1 > 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 -, 1 1 ' 1 1 .-> >. 
 
 l.a\\. J fr the ]>lace where the books ; 
 
 7. ft . . . ft postage to Outports 15 cents extra f-\\ "K. postage expenses. 
 
 S. A ...!!:'f those wh<> purchased the book previously may, oil application 
 this ot'tice, receive a copy of the Table of Alterations for the purpose of cotupc 
 siou.
 
 11 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 4. Vanity Fair. 
 
 AM 
 ffi 
 
 A O m ffi 
 * 
 in 
 
 4* 
 
 ; B * -ffi- 
 
 m .a ai & 
 rn.rn &>w 
 
 It ?6 ^ ^F WJ.H 
 
 o 
 _t 
 
 * -ff o 
 
 m 
 
 Iff 
 
 m 
 
 i& j it 
 A Bfi ffiji 
 ti&M 
 
 C US # 
 
 .*Jt -t: 
 
 Jh.E t. 
 
 i. ',$; . . . g Almond Df\v made with honey. 
 
 _'. ^K . . . tjiji excites ;i flow of saliva and nourishes the lungs. 
 
 ,}. iJj; . . . ;'f|J specially good tor the lungs, iili is one of the divisions under 
 \\lmh the different organs of the body are classified by the Chinese. 
 
 .4. ijiii . . . -jj inflammation of the bronchial tubes ;% in medical parlance, is 
 the equivalent \ the colloquial *A. 
 
 5. J'; . . . frji mischievous cold enters the lungs J" anything depraved or 
 harmful ; cp., English to ' set up mischief ' as applied to disease. 
 
 '' %'i. -# will result in consumptior,. 
 
 7. J 1 ?: . , nt fra^r;mt powder for keeping tlv hair in order. 
 ^ . . . }& making people disgusted ^ j'|fe unendurable. 
 
 M. fi"' ... ft the i'ften~i\e Miudl of perspiration entirel) disappears and is 
 replaced by a >pecial fragrance. 
 
 TO. ^i'; ... $ft also deals with dandruff and ringworm, and destroys the 
 ringwi 'rm mien >be. 
 
 II. ft ... i" it has. without doubt, shewn itself to be an excellent article. 
 a great improvement (on other preparations) ^ J a something better than anything 
 that preceded.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 5. The Dinner Set. 
 
 11 
 
 t 4- 
 
 n 
 
 n? 
 
 H 
 
 JKi 
 
 & n jiij 
 
 a a it is 
 
 i. til .'1-1 hygiene; hygienic. 
 -'. IS JT false teeth. 
 
 ,V >t8 f-9 there are plenty of dentists in Shanghai, but it is by no means 
 easy to find a good one. |fc jfc standing like a grove in large numbers. 
 
 |. TfC . . . ^ regardless of expense have added (to existing plant) the latest 
 and best machinery, and dental material of the first quality, til $$ have in addition 
 imported. 
 
 5. 4ft ... either a complete set or a single tooth. 
 ' Jc ^H either gold, silver, or vulcanite plates. 
 7- JE M bridge and bar work. 
 S. All . . . $ life-like. 
 
 '" Jh ?K Pain killer. 
 
 ' fit ^5 perfectly painless extraction. 
 
 i-'. fi i-i move your gems pay us a visit.
 
 12 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY wENIJ. 
 
 LESSON XII. * - 
 
 MINERS ABOVE GROUND. 
 
 
 
 
 & A KH f P * Iff 
 
 l\j % /v |itL Hb i ' P/U' 
 
 si tr 
 
 ^a ~T* F5i 
 sH __L M 
 
 p# 
 
 , flB flt 1 
 
 tl< 
 
 31 
 
 PI 
 
 g 1^4? p 
 
 il P, a /a* 
 
 T 
 
 ME ^T /C. A 
 
 Great Strike of English Coal Miners. 
 
 A London telegram says that 840,000 Kngli>h miners have 
 decided to strike, and jnd^in^ from present appearances it seems 
 that it will extend through the whole country; while it is feared 
 that it cannot he hrou^ht to an end all at once. In the opinion of 
 many it will la<t a week. 
 
 i. -}; ... 711 L'Tcat Mnk' 1 . ('. in i ( a.-i t"r:n \vnr!<. rp.. f}^ i|f to clove the 
 market; tu <v>]> tradiiiii", H^ i- often done a- a protest against official injustice. 
 
 - ty '-ft laltourer-; {}}> la'i mrinu rlas^vs ; prece'led. usually. l>y >ome 
 descriptive ejiitli'-t : see helo\\ {$ ,']/ ty' : ;.),'. N} :.;j fi'j workers wlio transport coal; coal 
 heavers. 
 
 3- tfii 1J '.'& ;''! ! k n'u- m i\e;iu-:it v.i!! '.-.\tend to the wlioU- kingdom. 
 
 4. . . . ;i according to the \ie\\ of onr class of people ^, the strike nie>ve- 
 inent A -b applied to well-in formc<| people. 
 
 90
 
 tESSONS IN IvT^MI'NTARY WIvNIJ. 
 
 12 
 
 ih 
 
 is 
 
 X 
 
 A. BE Jjtt 
 ~* ~T 
 ^ _L HE 
 
 4" fft ~F 
 
 i R/LO i 
 Iril 
 
 
 H 
 
 ^? A/ Jfi iE T "^ 
 rrft >V W -W JL^ /<L 
 
 r^ > 
 
 .^r /C, 
 
 X |B| $ + 
 ffl ft> 
 
 a 
 
 ffi B8 
 
 X 
 
 ^ Jh 3C 
 
 fff.lftSS i 
 
 k^ 
 
 m z 
 
 * 31 
 
 v4v _ I * 
 
 rfti 
 
 The TMi^lish Government at the present time has drafted a Bill 
 dealing with the question of the minimum legal wage. The attitude 
 <>f the miners is very quiet, and there is no sign of any disturbance. 
 The present strike will affect some 500,000 workers in the various 
 industries of London. The coal transport workers have also declared 
 (their intention to strike). (The fact that) coal is a contraband 
 of war will also prohahlv help the striker^. A certain London paper 
 say.s that the Government is concerning itself with the strike, and 
 
 i. & j',V began a rou.uh draft !,'!'---# $ the first 'Iraft of a scheme; here to 
 draft a liill to bring before Parliament. 
 
 - 1 fft dealing with the lowest labour money legal discussion discussing 
 the question of a minimum wage '1 f;J the attitude toward : dealing with M fj the 
 lowest X jQ: ?J: '-& labour's legal wage & of speech. 
 
 ,v fv BS attitude ; bearing. 
 
 4- 82 S? shadow and echo - the way it affects others : as substance produces 
 shadow and sound echo, so the action of the miners // reaches to, affects, the 
 I.i 'iidon labi 'tircrs.
 
 12 
 
 MSSONS IN EtEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 If* 
 
 3? 
 
 m 
 
 m m 
 
 ffr 
 
 K'J' 
 
 has informed the mine-owners that if they will not consent to <jive 
 the workers the minimum wage they demand, the Government will 
 take over the mines as the final settlement. 
 
 i- fi'J 'I 1 it will take over the mines '$t sign of the future. 
 2. 3> . . . jr. as a linal settlement of the affair. 
 
 READING LESSON XII. 
 
 Compulsory Reformation. 
 
 T| tt Jg >H 
 
 
 AM 
 
 if? 
 
 -t 
 
 
 AJffi* v 
 flfa ^ 
 
 A 
 
 X^_JL 
 
 J 
 
 
 A Permit for Opium Smokers to Buy Opium. 
 
 I- H] Til tliis stands fur the three hitfh officials whose titles ended with u] 
 \\7. Provincial Treasurer; Provincial Judge; Salt Commissioner, and also the 
 drain Commissioner whose title ended with i.e., fti M'. 
 
 2. iH ,l.i(, to reduce in due proportion. 
 
 ,v i^ !!?? it appears that the opium-smoker 
 ment of the facts (of his case) and has applied for a 
 frequently of things granted as a favour )$ ' holding 
 $g ijf truthfully fill up the details of his application. 
 
 4. I'J, . . . . fl that it may he evidence to produce when purchasing opium. 
 
 5. 2Jf . . . .ft a necessary-to-be-sent Permit. This phrase often occurs at the 
 end of official communications, but it is not easy to decide as to its exact meaning. 
 
 has made a true state- 
 Permit. {$ used not in- 
 the facts: see below ffi ]%" 
 
 9 2
 
 ST. LOUI^ 
 MO. W 
 
 IE 
 
 -h 
 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. 
 
 12 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 -t- A 
 
 ^ Ha 
 
 z is i m 
 
 nM Jl MM ffiW 
 * SJ: ^ m W\ 
 
 i 3ft 
 
 PI 
 
 n B 
 
 t 
 
 A 11- 
 
 jfc s flM 9 
 =F- 
 
 m .'II 
 
 ' 5r ; A*u lunnluT -',^.^5 under the character 'Spring.' i )i icummts are nftc-n 
 rlassificcl undi-r diu- or otiu-r of tlie characters found in the -"p 'Y- - l ' H> Thousaml 
 I'haractcr Classic. 'I'lie numbers as recorded here are in what are known as $. j j|( 
 t$j or (<!>; '/"- Soiiclic-w numerals. These are commonly employed in business: f'f.T" 
 or ,'j' 1 , are written under the first lisinre <>f the series: e ., | ~T2o XT."1 .4. -'30 : 
 -'-Ort 00.700 : -'-OOOi ( "'.oo7. 
 
 _'. iH- . . . !'(; this detailed Permit Jf{ refers 1" the various items. f$- TI'(. 
 
 .?. !;''- M!!;?. 
 
 4- y'/ fit before it will be possible to ... 
 
 5. *ff 'ft prepared opium : boiled and ready for consumption. l'iefre beinu 
 subjected to tins jirocess it is known as ji -(- : the ashes left after smoking arc 
 called ffi W< smoke ash. 
 
 (>. / . . . '};'( must not exceed the amount (smoked) during ti\e days; i.e., 
 if he Miii >ked i'5 a day. not more than Hi. should be sold him at one time. 
 
 7. !!& .../" i 'iiium must only be purchased from authori/ed dealer.-. 
 
 S. |I; . . . %, only permitted to reduce the quantity, not to increase it. 
 
 n. . . . A "no i' of raw opium is the ei|iii\'alent <>! /V -^ i>repared opium 
 1!; . . . . U" other amounts to be calculated at the same rate. f :tf to break off and 
 n ck. m t' < calculate. 
 
 10. 3}[ . . . ^ n is now decided to collect uniformly < ihc price) m --iKvr 
 instead of 'cash', at the rate of fifteen cash to a 'treasury' candareeii. ft to be 
 the equivalent of: to turn into, as one value to another: li( -'|^ Treasury scale--the 
 otiicial standard weight.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. 
 
 raj: M 
 
 1. Jf- . . . ^ amounts bought under an ounce to be calculated at the same 
 rate, ftl 3f to deduct and reckon. 
 
 2. r{i . . . Jft to report on and forward to the head Taxation Kureau. rjl to 
 report to a superior ft? to forward, as a prisoner, etc. 
 
 3- 5ft iS t' ie amount of opium bought must, with date, be filled in on 
 accompanying form (not printed in this Lesson), which must then be stamped 
 with the shop stamp. # -f amount; how much. ? fe'I after leaf a form orginal- 
 ly attached to the Permit. H }] %, J: the columns headed [J /] respectively. 
 
 4. W . . . . |< if goods are tendered in exchange for opium, the amount of 
 opium givc-n must not exceed live days ' supply. J-U. take 4% goods $J ifj in exchange 
 fur opium, i.e., no matter what value the goods may be, no more than the live 
 days' supply is to be given.
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 LESSON XIII. m =. -f % 
 
 13 
 
 TIMES AND SEASONS. 
 
 B fa 3L 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 Z TJ ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 h JM fi ft, 
 ti 3 H "t* "A: 
 
 fr'fti ft* S K 
 & M Si], EoS- 
 ft^Sf $? 
 ^c ^ Jit 
 
 Differences between the Chinese and Foreign Calendar.* 
 
 The world revolves once round the sun in a little more than 
 ^6^ days. The astronomy of each country, generally speaking, fixes 
 this as a year and di\ides the year into twelve months. The 
 number of days in the year does not exactly make up the time taken 
 for the earth to revolve round the sun, hence each (country) in- 
 tercalates in order to rectify this. 
 
 i. % M different, similar -points of difference. 
 
 _'. JJ3J . . . # then- arc ,V>5 days and over. # ' fhi 1 ndd ; single. 
 
 ^. '].... f] efiuallv divide the year intn twelve nmnths IT. ^ the year K. 
 often--' the ' 0; 'into' e.g.. ^ R di\ide into . . . 
 
 I- i'^i 'ilc i" st '"li^h up; to exactly correspond with. 
 
 5. I'j . . ~,t. hence each arransi'i-s to intercalate in order t wipe ->nt the ^'d.l 
 perii>il>. li't: to pin i>r ]>lace to place in order; tn arrange for irt ,!l', u.-nal!\ a noun, 
 neus; report, etc., here used verhally, to do away with. 
 
 o. /c . - . .'j .ureat estahlished month. .^ indicate^ tin relation of )] to the 
 ode: it is so related that it has ,;o da\s. 
 
 II ft 
 
 
 M 
 
 Timcjlics like an arn>i 
 like a shuttle, 
 
 95
 
 13 
 
 B*#r *,+ ^ ^ 
 
 ifL Tj3 >T* P >J^ ^\ ^ 
 
 '& 6^1 S K ^=1 Sfc S 
 
 0| I1 1 v^rii *-^ * -* ^ t*4 
 
 oH P il W M 
 
 f*i-\ |K | i * i tm *f-3 t * 
 
 ^T.1 * ip_rt II I i JHU vlr^ If 
 
 H W tftX W W 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 rti 
 
 , 
 tt! + & ft 
 
 f 
 
 ft J-l as A A 
 
 * ^ H 
 
 % t ^.=: 
 
 - if I ^ ^L + 
 
 
 
 H. 
 
 -a- ii.itt 
 
 t; A M, E 
 
 9 0/* rfn 
 
 The Calendar of our country has decided on 30 uavs for a lon^ 
 month, and 29 days for a short one. (So reckoned) the sum of 
 the days in a year does not equal the time the earth takes to revolve 
 nund the sun. In all (there is a shortage of) over ten days. The 
 result is that, in the course of two years, there is an odd amount of 
 :?') days, making one month an intercalary month. In such years 
 there are thirteen months. 
 
 In the Calendar of Western nations, everv mouth has either 30 
 nr^i days, only the Jnd mouth has 28 days. All told, these days 
 fall short of the time it takes the earth to revolve round the sun. hv 
 six hours, fn the course of four years these six hours amount to a 
 day, and are added to the jnd month, making the number of its 
 days 2(). This (extra) day is an intercalary (lay. 
 
 Our Calendar determines the new moon and full moon by the 
 revolution of the moon once round the earth; hence il is known as 
 the Lunar Calendar. The Western Calendar determines the year 
 
 1. p$ t<> inspect, lirrc iii<licatc.s the passing of time. It is defined in Kun.uhsi'.s 
 JjiclHMiary by fu U H PH ^ ueh is the aceumulation of days. 
 
 2. nj (! Jjz a period of t\vu hours.
 
 LKSSONS IN KU-lMlvNTARY 
 
 13 
 
 I* M.ffl 4 m 'fa 
 
 IS- 2| j|5 ^^i^^t 7?j| 
 
 ffi til -^ / ft W * a 
 
 r 
 
 * 
 
 -i& 
 
 
 by the revolution of the earth round the sun only, hence it is known 
 as the Solar Calendar. 
 
 At the present time all European and American States use the 
 Solar Calendar, and Japan has imitated them. We are alone in the 
 use of the Lunar Calendar. 
 
 i. -ft ill commonly added after definitions: iil also rounds off the end of a 
 sentence. 
 
 - ['- FS darkness and light; the two principles which are supposed to 
 have had to do with creation ; etc. 
 
 READING LESSON XIII. 
 
 The School Master Abroad. 
 
 >W H 
 
 g if ^ 2. W f" lo* 
 
 
 t< 
 
 B 
 
 A Rough Draft of the Rules of the United Educational 
 Association. 
 
 T - $C W 5i< educationists. 
 
 -'. JU . . . JFj( in order to supervise the progress of education. 
 
 3- V"J Xn ?et forth as follows . . . 
 
 97
 
 is 
 
 LESSONS IN 
 
 WNIJ. 
 
 ft : & text books. 
 
 . . . Jft matters connected with methods of teaching and administration. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 Schools. 
 
 S. $c . . . J'J4 to unify the language and literature of the Five \'atins, i.e., 
 Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian, Thibetan, and Mohammedan. 
 
 9- Xi: . . . one of the following qualifications. 
 
 10. 7J\ . . . ;& one who is introduced by two senior members of the Association. 
 ir - ^h $[{ to introduce; to introduce friends to each other. 
 12. fy ?fc to complete a course of study; to graduate. 
 
 13- '!' . 'fi" a graduate of a higher grade than a High School. The new 
 order of schools is Primary School $J ^ ']* ^i $or '^j 5t -?- ^; Preparatory School 
 ffii S?f J Intermediate School r|i ;;ji ^; High School ;;';] -^i /J> X*i ^?'; College or Univer- 
 sity ft $ $1 & or * i!J K. 
 
 14. m . . , & one who at present fills, or who has in the past filled, the post of 
 teacher $C 11 a teacher. 
 
 15. $&.'&' one thoroughly versed in the principles of education. 
 
 16. sA ff -Ji \"ice-President. 
 
 9 8
 
 LKSSONS IN ELEMENTARY WEN 
 
 13 
 
 ^ 
 
 o 
 
 If Zl^ 
 
 st 
 
 Jfc jt 
 
 A 
 
 * 
 -t 8 
 
 A 88 - 
 
 r* 4x^ 
 
 flt 
 
 IS 
 
 o 
 m 
 
 A 9 A $ -b 
 
 ^ -^ 
 
 M'J 
 
 J. il ^ to elect by vote. 
 -' !fi i- A the originator. 
 
 4- : fiu ff ; i meeting where all the members are present. 
 
 5. J|] . . . tfi elected by ballot in which no names are recorded; secret ballot 
 ffc ;yj to cast in a ticket ballot. 
 
 o. flj . . . nf bnt it must be anthorixed by the majority. $, 2f the majoritv, 
 in contrast to '\? >lft the minority ; ,;$ nj to recognize as allowable; to authorize. 
 
 7. Tf: J0J the term of office. 
 S. $i 'it expenditure. 
 - A ^ ''^ entrance fee. 
 
 ii. ff . . '$ the riplits. privileges, and, duties of members ^J H duties. 
 
 u |-'A| . . . nf to make known the objects of the Association [^ |^ to explain 
 and spread aim >ad. 
 
 i.v K* ^ liave responsibility in the matter of fnnd.- 
 
 14. >U . . . tf^ members of the Association have the nVut. on th'- opening of a 
 session, to express their opinions, or to bring forward matter- fur discussion and 
 decision. [!,'] ff to open a meeting, i'i contrast to '(_ ft { ( , close a meeting. 
 
 99
 
 14 
 
 J01 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 Jdb* 
 
 JH 
 
 Jl 1 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 -t- 
 
 -& ^11 those who act in any respect in the following manner .... 
 
 '$ those who bring discredit on the good name of the Association. 
 
 LESSON XIV. ffl 
 
 THE FAMINE FETE. 
 b\* KS. 
 
 n R&% 
 
 E ^r AL m /> nr J ^ 
 
 An Account of the "Exhibition." 
 
 m it 
 
 The members of the l^amine Relief Committee, both Chinese 
 and foreigners, on account of the appalling famine conditions in 
 various parts of .\nh\vei and Kiangsu. and the need of large funds 
 for both relief and relief works decided to borrow the Wei Shuen 
 Garden belonging to Mr. Chang, and throw it open for a grand 
 
 1. '{% S'g a ri\ai ui.-i>!u.\ uf gems, a;i exhibition \ uare^; alM> jj' $f. 
 
 2. '$&... ff C'hinc.-c a;i'l i ; Mri-iyn 1'uhlic Relief Organization. Tlii- i^ tho 
 title of a committee composed of Chinese and foreigners, formed to collect funds 
 in aid of the sufferer- from famine in the provinces of .\nh\vei and Kiangsu. 
 
 _V ^- 3j nnner ditt'-i'cnt jurisdictions, in part? '"if the t\v> provinces of Kiang- 
 su and Anhwei. 
 
 4- X ^ labi.mr and reli; ! lioth in i ijn-rali' >n ; relief \vurks and relief by 
 grants of grain and money. 
 
 5- 4V t public discussion: .'-V indicates the action of both parties. 
 
 'J~<> 
 
 100
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 ^ * -^ . 
 
 ' - Hi, 
 
 ** StBi' 
 
 -b 
 
 14 
 
 -b 
 
 -x*- 
 
 Z 
 
 m a 
 
 
 1=1 
 PP 
 
 -/r 
 7L 
 
 
 i M sv- ri 
 1 1 1 m ; 
 
 R if- 
 
 ffr 
 
 ^ m ifff n 
 $ ,11 ft 
 
 iCxhibition fur !)oiic\-olcnt purpose^ f')i' three days the J^th. JOth. 
 and j~th. "f tlu 5th month, foreign calendar, i.e., the <;th. loth, and 
 i i th, of the 4th month, Chinese calendar. 
 
 Kach day it was open from _}. p.m. till midnight. \Ve hear that 
 the displays were extremely tine. There \\ere dancing, Chinese and 
 foreign music, theatricals with both male and female actors, iire- 
 works, hypnotism, and all sorts of moving pietures: pleasing to a 
 degree to both ear and eve. 
 
 In addition, both foreign and Chinese trade>men opened >tal!<. 
 and exhibited lor sale goods oi \-arious kind--: the lu>tre of gems 
 and jeweK caught the eye and tilled one \\ith surprise. There 
 \\ere refre-hmeni -tali- and e;i fes \\here you could indulge- at 
 ]>lea-nre. There was much more movement and life about this 
 [Exhibition than about anv )re\ii'ii-l\ held.
 
 14 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 7 
 B 
 
 = 
 
 iP fr 91 1ft 
 
 J3t ii 
 
 /VJ\ 'yu |3J H'i 
 fflj H. If > If 
 
 f. ff 
 
 ? 
 
 Ml 
 
 fii 
 
 M ft BK^ 
 5c* Ml X * 
 
 f/r ^ 
 
 BUB 
 
 IS Sfc 
 
 .a 
 
 f 
 
 if 
 
 j^i ^ ^ 
 si m if 
 
 ; xfo $r r m ^. 
 
 i XK. 4/1 M-i /J 
 
 We also heard that Ching-yiiin-ching, Chen-hsin-seng, Cheng 
 chien-yii, Hong-ping-chiah. and Hsii-chi-ih, on account of their 
 earnest desire to help the work of famine relief, invited fellow-actors 
 who shared their sentiments to perform the piece The Sorrowing 
 Swan and Her Tears of Blood. They acted the heart-rending con- 
 ditions of the calamity-stricken people to the life, without need of 
 embellishment. These gentlemen, in addition, acted a new play 
 The Awakening of the Age. The point of it was to arouse their 
 fellow-countrymen from their lethargy to g< > forward with the 
 awakened and progressive Xew China. Their purpose, too, was to 
 interest the visitors and add to their enjoyment. Each actor gave 
 his services irce. with a s< >U- desire for the public good; all proceeds 
 were in charge of the Relief Committee. The}' have decided to act 
 the two pieces on Saturday and Sunday. May we earnestly request 
 
 102
 
 tKSSONS IN KT/KMKNTARY WKNIJ. 
 
 ^ $ f! % lii,^ fo ^ $& 
 
 ft ^) T IS 
 
 14 
 
 the different sections of the community to put their business aside, 
 and favour the Gardens with a visit: this is most desirable. In all 
 probability, at that time, gentry and traders of a benevolent turn 
 of mind, and earnest-minded ladies will, without fail, come together 
 to see, (and so) enlarge their horizon. 
 
 I - f$ & connected sleeves side by side; together. 
 
 READING LESSON XIV. |/y 
 
 Oyez 
 
 A 3t 
 
 A 
 
 
 M H S3! 
 
 m Hi H 
 
 19 
 
 0, 
 
 f- Jh )i t<> pulilish; to issue, as n paper or book ffo i 
 ' edition ' ;is (Hj ^ the fourth edition : copyrii^lit is expressed by ftf< ff|. 
 
 -^. fc ,& \vill our readers take n<jtice that owins" to pressure of church 
 news on our space, we have printed three sheets extra with this issue. jj?f fifj news; 
 information; $$ ffi to press; squee/e ; 'pressure': ;1 : ",S s^'ive attention: at the 
 beginning of an article 'take notice ' : it is often repeated. 
 
 ,}. 5t . . . -I'? an important notice. $|- ' a notice; an announcement. 
 4- &K i3! lias been received with great favour by all classes 
 
 5. ^( H rT the three Manchurian provinces. 
 
 6. ftl... !^ such places as Japan n ^C; Korea ,;';, S (or Chosen ^ ft^") ; 
 Uurmah ^ mj : lava IJi BH ; Xew Zealand M Pf Wl : the Sandu'ich Islands fg ff \\< : 
 South Africa iff -, J ^ : California ^ [$ Ife |l| : Canada Jt -]' 1$ ,'.. 
 
 7. fit ... 'ft since the sales have increased, the contents should also increase. 
 ff if? sales: ['-) t'f what is contained the contents. 
 
 103
 
 1. Jjll . . . /iii increased the number of pages and variety of subjects, p] 
 branches of knowledge %ii classes of subjects, etc. 
 
 2. j& . . . ^}' those who are in full sympathy with (the objects of) the paper. 
 
 .3- i Ha either to send us articles to lighten up our pages, or else urge 
 others to buy in order to enlarge our sale area. jj a wild swan. %$ leaf; page. 
 
 4. 3t ... ill this will be as great an achievement as preaching the Gospel. 
 
 5- !i''ii M we trust that all will take notice of this brief intimation [a/i. \$i 
 small ; insignificant; f $| humbly to hope. 
 
 6. f!/ c ' '-)h the north of the province of Anhwei. 
 
 7. VM i/r. at this time of the failure of the harvest n '^..^ J2 green and 
 yellow fail to join the crops do not ripen. 
 
 <S. '/. . . . 3 no one knriws the number all told. 
 
 9- $t {i'f( to o]ien the purse and give the surplus to give of one's abundance. 
 10. 'f . - |iij a special notification; for general information. 
 
 Ti.j'.ft . . . K purchase a Post Office Order and forward it ("in) registered 
 (envelope) to ... \^ f| ;';i P. O. Order ^|. Jf| to register. 
 
 I.?. 4^ 'T tne editor of this jiaper ;)-. ^jt- editor.
 
 LKSSONS IN KUvMKNTARV \VICNIJ. 
 
 15 
 
 LESSON XV. H 5,-f- 
 
 THE PEARL OF PARABLES. 
 
 * ." *c b is n 
 
 A 
 
 r-r-*V " ~ -" I ^ % r y -"^ i^ ; i *M^ 
 
 IS TK.fi f -f- Jfc # H1J 
 
 tr ^ -^ T jftt ffi f)K- 
 llfelfffiJE^iwIi 
 
 5J ^#KiJ ' ^ ffl W 
 
 B-f w /-^ _Ln f ^)^ -f l\ i 
 rr'* V 1 - 'T7/ 1 ** "J-l/ nm 
 Xh; ^^ |J- ixJ 7FO ^-v PI J 
 
 T 
 
 tt! ^ ft 
 
 And Jesus said, A certain man had t\\ - o sons: and the younger 
 of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of thy 
 substance that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living. 
 And not many days after, the younger sun gathered all together, 
 and took his journey into a tar couutrv: and there he wasted his 
 substance with riotous living. And when he had spent all. there 
 arose a mighty famine in that country: and he began to be in want. 
 And he went and joined himself to <>ue of the citi/cns of that 
 country; and he sent him into his fields to teed swine. And he 
 would fain have been nlled with the husks; that the swine did eat: 
 
 w 
 
 
 3. k jS shortly; in n<> l"ii.y time. 
 
 4. ftft provisions; rations: hero ust-il vrrlially. to iji\v food to 
 
 5. &* . . . #i 'U'sirc'l to takr tlv husks \vhirh th- IMU'S ati-, etc . 
 
 SJ| ^
 
 15 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENU. 
 
 1 . I '* I P'~ \ ^ TLj- P*JH- *-^rf X^ J ^*+- | 
 
 m 
 
 and IK^ man ga\T unto him. But when he came to himself he said, 
 TTo\v many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to 
 spare, and I perish here with hunger! [ will arise and go to my 
 father, and will say unto him, Father, 1 have sinned against heaven, 
 and in thy sight: F am no more worthy to be called thy son: 
 make me as one of thy hired servants. And he arose, and came 
 to his father. But while he was yet afar off. his father saw him, 
 and was moved with compassion, and ran, and foil on his neck, 
 and .kied him. And the son said unto him. Father, I have sinned 
 against heaven and in thy sight: I am no more worthy to be called 
 thy >on. But the father said to his servants. Bring forth quickly 
 the hot n ibc. and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand and 
 
 ' '$L ~%- l " "ttVm! against heaven. Confucius added ^f. fijj jjj$ 111 none to 
 whom one can pray : our Lord teaches here the open way to the Father. 
 
 - ^. ^ '-t will he enough if you regard me as a hired servant. 
 3- t{J : distant from. 
 4. J2 to clothe. 
 
 I O/>
 
 LlCSSONS IN 1CLUMKNTARY 
 
 15 
 
 * 
 
 X * 
 
 ,^ JE 
 . J K 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 ft ft> ti # Ji * 7 
 
 7 
 
 J3E 
 
 tit -?A ,- ^l& 
 
 ED fv JES w 
 
 (:? --y^ 
 
 k a. 
 
 -T Jit 
 
 
 ft il ft.tt IB ft 58C Ifc 
 
 f* l lei ^ A ^ l^offl 
 7 it Bfi ^ 9 MM^ P]' 
 SC & ffi f B8 ifl 
 
 T J 
 
 7 
 
 shoes on his feet: and itrin^ the fatted calf and kill it. and let us 
 eat and make merry: for this my son \vas dead, and i> alive a^ain : 
 he was lo>t ami is found. And they he^'an to he merry. Now his 
 elder son \\ as in the field: and a^ he came and drew ni^'h to the 
 house, he heard musie and danein^. And he eailed to him one ut 
 the servant-, and inquired what these things mi^lit he. And lie said 
 unto him. thy hrocher is come: and thy father hath killed the latted 
 calf, hecause he hath received him safe and sound. Kill he was 
 angry and would not go in: and his father came out and entreated 
 him. Km he answered and said to his father. LO. these many years 
 do 1 serve thee, and I never transgressed a commandment oi thine: 
 and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that 1 might make merry \\ith 
 my friends: hut when thi^ thy son came, which hath devoured thy 
 living with harlot-, thon killed->t for him the fatted calf. And he 
 said unto him. Son, thon art ever with me, and all that i> mine is 
 
 10;
 
 15 
 
 IvUSSONS IN EXKMIvNfARY WNI,I. 
 
 X ffii 
 
 M 3r.f 
 
 tfc 7 
 
 5E 
 
 thine. Hut it was meet to make merry and be glad : for this thy 
 brother was dead, and is alive again: and was lost and is found. 
 
 READING LESSON XV. Ji. + 
 
 
 The Old Order Changeth 
 
 m 
 
 M is IB si 
 
 m 
 
 It it 
 
 *t 
 
 A B 
 
 
 M * 
 
 If 
 
 'I'his Reading l.esson has been inserted as being of historic 
 interest. It marks the passing of the Great Pure Dynasty, which 
 for more than three centuries controlled the destinies of the Chinese 
 people. During its last years, Modern China sprang into being, 
 and it is pathetic to consider that the one Kmperor whose sympa- 
 thies were with it should have passed away without seeing the 
 consummation of those reforms he so ardently desired, and on 
 account of which his liberty and power were taken from him by 
 the masterful Tzu flsi. 
 
 ro8
 
 LKSSONS IN KMiMIvNTARY 
 
 IB 
 
 m js>m,is 
 
 is 
 
 38 
 
 1m\ 
 
 
 & 
 
 AIT^ 
 
 . 
 
 -T 
 
 j i/il) ;K R,^ 
 
 H 
 
 
 ,K,^ii* Jin /I ^iTr JM i'f 
 
 I. 7^ to inako known l> >. 
 
 -'. ''{' B?n in one's minority; \\lnlc a minor. 
 
 ,v 'R % lrop tin- curtain and listen to ^o^ eminent ; to a'lininistcr the 
 alTairs of .^>vornmont. I-'oinaK 1 in >:losty is sniiposod to need a curtain between thc 
 Empress Dowager and the Ministers of State. 
 
 4- KS Hf the commands of an Empress. 
 
 5- VI 1 (i^t :i divine utensil ; the throne. 
 
 0. & 'n' Tliese are the titles of the late Emprcs> Dowaycr. They have 
 b:en rendered as fidlows: " The Empress Dowager ( Qfc V? > m uherl\ , auspicious, 
 orthodox, heaven- blessed, prosperous, all -null rishing, brightly mam fest, calm, sedate, 
 perfect, lon^-lived. respectful, revered, \\orshipftil, illustrious and exalted." These 
 sixteen honorific titles gave their possessor the right to an annual grant from the 
 public funds of 1 0.3,0.) J taels I. say Cjo.o).)) for each title. For an illuminating 
 account of this remarkable wu.u'in see "China under the Empress Dowager." 
 
 IO9
 
 15 
 
 IN ELEMENTARY YVE 
 
 ^ p 
 
 ** 
 + 
 
 - g-. 
 
 IE 1 
 
 
 iE 
 
 X ^ <S--1- H It 
 
 
 EE 
 
 Lft .r 
 
 n 
 
 . 
 
 a n 
 
 M H ^ 
 3E H fC S5-* i 
 
 ,^ 
 
 im 
 
 /TJ^ 
 
 X * 
 
 Bt ^ tS 
 
 KH E,^ ^ =E M 
 
 
 1. "/L . ;a< tn proclaim Constitutional < MA cninicnt at tho expiration of nine 
 years j/. }^.; to set up Constitutional Government. 
 
 2. & . . . !'({ this is the dynastic title of T'ung-chi'. 
 
 3- C& iu heir-apparent. 
 
 4- "^C ^r a term applied to a deceased Kniperor or J-'.inpress before a post- 
 humous title has been chosen. 
 
 5- 'uii ft has, (Irayon-horne, gone to be a guest has died: f[ -^ to die, 
 of Kmperors. 
 
 6. ^j- . . . i[i% to perform juint sacrifices at the ancestral shrine of the late 
 Emperor. 7fc j|i% to act in the capacity of son to a deceased person who has left no 
 child, in the matter of ancestral worship: commonly known as : /- \<\j iji% one son 
 with two ancestral halls. 
 
 /. iH ... f$ to give his undivided attention to study. 
 
 I 10
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 SB 
 
 *: 
 
 fAl 
 & 
 
 1 as 
 
 A HI! 
 
 * -t ft 
 
 a 
 
 m f 
 
 z 
 
 M 
 
 JSl 
 
 ^ na, 
 
 h i. ft ft ^ IB, ft #.. 
 
 :T- M ^ 
 
 it fit i 
 
 HI n H fc, 
 
 JR-Sft 
 
 ft is 
 
 ft 
 
 ? -b 
 
 
 
 ifii 
 
 z 
 
 Jin ^ ^ m
 
 15 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 & fl\ft ^ ^ 
 
 m 
 
 3E 
 
 i-BS, 
 
 IB^'ISB 
 
 & ^ 
 
 f3 ^lsg ^ 
 
 I - -1". ^ This is one of the la<t decrees of Txu Hsi, providing for the Prince 
 Regent to take over the reins of government in conjunction with the new Knipress 
 Dowager. 
 
 - j& . ^ subject to my instructions. 
 
 3- #!..#? seized with mortal sickness. 
 
 4- JS If should there arise any matters of vital importance, he should 
 act at all times in accordance with the Kmorcss Dowager's will, which he will 
 obtain in person jjjj.' ? petition and receive, i.e.. obtain by seeking her advice in 
 person. 
 
 112
 
 SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. 
 
 AI 
 
 Patriotism. 
 
 93 
 
 93 
 
 7 fcJ>t Standard; 
 grade; attain- 
 ment. 
 
 a year used 
 
 largely of 
 dead persons. 
 
 mcnt ; orm o 
 
 government. 
 
 to recmi- ? 
 struct: to set 
 
 \vho 2 ; indi- 
 cating agent 7 : 
 indicating a 
 class io ; !"> Tin- 
 ing part of 
 noun 14. 
 
 97 
 85 
 
 13 fn^- Govern- j n order. Jtlf Christ. 8 
 
 meiit Bonds. 0f^ Politi- f>li $L Ivec'rding 
 iu^ijsC Spiritual- cians. Secretary. 
 
 l&fu^ Stud\- of ^lilifu l^'unda- 
 f'#$Ku! Search- politics tion;base. 
 
 light. filT^Jvfl ^T 
 
 ^vl CH ' ENG fffSn An auli- 
 
 V>o 5 
 
 1 1
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 tianity. 8 
 
 |7JJ^ Endow- 
 ment. 
 
 memorative 
 tablet. 
 
 Memorials ; 
 Keepsakes. 
 
 IPB 
 
 mi 
 
 72 
 
 CHIH 
 
 16 
 
 3; 21 
 
 62 
 
 60 
 
 20 
 
 51 
 
 44 
 
 21 
 
 Violent. 
 Influence. 
 CH'I 
 
 J 25 
 
 ; sign of geni- 
 tive2; indicat- 
 ing a class 2 ; 
 descriptive 3; 
 12; 25; pro- 
 noun 8 ; 9 ; 17; 
 this 49 ; to go 
 59- 
 
 41; 46 
 
 30 
 62 
 
 1 10; 14 
 68. 
 
 23 
 47 
 32 
 
 21 
 60 
 9 I 
 
 95 
 
 Jtftfl The rest; 
 the remainder. 
 ft The start- 
 ing point. 
 
 CHI 
 
 3 
 
 CHI AH 
 
 CHIANG 
 
 44 
 
 57 
 43 
 
 CHIE 
 
 25 
 
 Loans ; a 
 
 14; 16; 58; 
 
 65- 
 
 it 
 
 5^63 
 
 CH'IANG 
 
 loan. 
 
 Security for 
 loan. 
 
 CH'IE 
 
 76 a 
 
 5i 
 
 57 
 
 14 
 
 CHIEH 
 
 28; 5 8 
 
 fif 61 
 
 55 l^fJJJ Interroga- 
 tion. 
 
 CHifH 
 
 72 
 
 95 
 
 [ Dras- 
 tic measures. 
 #IiC Strug- 
 18; 74 1 gle for exist- 
 20, ence. 
 43 tt$PPM A fi erce 
 to have battle, 
 the supremacy. 
 
 CHIEN 
 
 CH'I 
 
 I/ 
 
 To 
 procrastinate. 
 
 65 
 95 
 
 16 
 43 
 
 45 
 
 CHIAO 
 
 7JfL Epaulette 
 
 CH'JfH 
 
 CHIA 
 
 (ff 7 2 
 
 I 25 
 
 Ifci 98 $ 
 
 3C$ Diplomatic ^ 
 7 intercourse. 
 
 $W^ 9 
 
 5 6; 7 8 ( officel ' s )- 
 
 CH'IEN 
 
 18 
 63 
 
 $; The future. 
 
 itKlicatini? a a ^ a g . 
 
 chane ot 
 
 class 7. 
 
 views. 
 30 
 89 ca'iAO 
 
 tnre. 
 
 millenialists. 
 
 114
 
 SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. 
 
 volve foreign 
 interference. 
 
 CHIN 
 ' J 7 
 
 it=r 20 
 
 57 
 63 
 
 ifilil 79 
 
 $1^ Progress in 
 
 or towards; 
 
 advance. 
 jfjifj? Progress. 
 j||P Import. 
 Evolution. 
 
 '^rfi Finance ; 
 
 money trans- 
 
 actions. 
 
 85 
 
 40 
 
 Mmm Finan- 
 cial organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 CH'IN 
 
 Struggle 
 for existence. 
 iffi Finances. 
 47 
 47 
 47 
 70 
 70 
 
 For 
 
 money to be 
 "tight." 
 fca*Peking. 
 
 Kalgan Rail- 
 way. 
 
 CH'ING 
 
 CHUH 
 
 20; 45 
 
 80 
 
 Neutral ; 
 neutrality. 
 ||I Medium;; 
 "pass" of ex- 
 aminations. 
 
 iJ|Jj 98 
 
 2 
 
 Candle 
 
 power. 
 
 CH'U 
 
 Government, 
 i ik^rft Orders 
 from the Cen- 
 tral Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 39 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 52 
 
 no 
 
 CH'UH 
 
 HiJK 
 
 ffiP Export. 
 
 f A request ; an 
 invitation. 
 
 fW 51 
 
 53* 
 
 Y. M. : 
 
 C. A. 
 
 104; 
 Tsing'-i 
 tao-Tsinan 
 Railway. 
 
 CHUAN 
 
 3 2 
 63; 
 
 Ambassa- 
 
 nese Republic. 
 CH'ONG 
 
 68 
 1 10 
 
 ^ Opposi- 
 tion ; to come 
 into collision 
 with. 
 
 ffii 
 
 103 
 
 42 
 
 68 
 86 
 48 
 58 
 70 
 68 
 
 Special 
 items. 
 
 A patent. 
 
 CHU 
 
 dor. 
 
 CHING 
 
 5 
 
 20; 52 
 
 CH'UAN 
 
 8; 46 
 
 8;!*, 
 
 53 i 
 86 
 
 =iij To make 
 eiKjuiries. 
 
 16 
 
 >o;53 J!|t 
 
 ^ISi 
 
 m& 
 
 5 
 63^ 
 
 70 
 
 7 
 99 ^ 
 
 CHOH 
 
 CHONG 
 
 ;& 103 
 
 ^ 104 
 
 'jlk To advo- 
 cate; to origi- 
 nate. 
 
 Motive 
 power. 
 
 CHUANG 
 
 57 
 98 
 
 34 
 72 
 
 78 
 
 19 
 
 60 
 
 91 
 
 CHUEN 
 
 64:81
 
 CH'UEN 
 
 Pure, as 
 
 74 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 
 
 FAH 
 
 language. 
 
 CHUI 
 
 CH'UI 
 
 46 
 
 CH'UEN 
 
 109 
 
 CHU 
 
 & 
 
 92 
 99 
 44 
 Igjj To second 
 
 a motion. 
 !$ To vote for 
 a motion. 
 
 54 1 
 
 43| 
 Powers ; 
 
 e.g., of a Pres- 
 gj ident. 
 
 51 ^H The whole, 
 ' 4 gj body of; all fr#f 
 (j 2 \ together. E*3iA 
 
 3 tt S 
 
 "-lif- Indus- FAN 
 
 trial exposi- 
 tion. 
 
 CHUIN 
 
 g 
 
 57 >L- - 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 49 
 
 Franc. 
 
 To eluci- 
 date; to start 
 a new idea. 
 
 87 
 64 
 43 
 
 82 
 
 43 
 
 52 
 58 
 
 salute. 
 
 CHUH 
 
 I State of af- 
 fairs. 
 
 Neutral. 
 
 CH'ii 
 
 104 
 
 33 
 
 \Yithdraw ; d<> 
 away with ; can- 
 cel. 
 
 Jfcffi To make a 
 treaty. 
 
 CHUEH 
 
 26 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 $* ]\Iartial 
 law. 
 
 Military 
 songs. 
 
 |fc Equal priv- 
 ileges of 
 nations. 
 
 Military 
 
 Sphere ; 
 scope ; prov- 
 ince ; juris- 
 diction. 
 
 FANG 
 
 # 
 
 mumsts : 
 socialists. 
 
 CH'UIN 
 
 ii ; 61 
 
 1 8 
 64 
 64 
 
 (IB 93 
 
 ^f]tu Point of 
 view ; position. 
 
 Precau- 
 tions. 
 
 Direction; 
 aim. 
 
 57 
 57 
 
 12 
 
 65 
 
 FEN 
 
 6r 
 
 43J95 
 Divergent. 
 
 FENG 
 
 glj 
 
 FU 
 
 2 4 
 32 
 
 5 1 
 Corrupt, as 
 
 of the age, 
 men, etc., 
 obselete, out 
 of date. 
 
 78 
 
 FUH 
 
 <** 
 
 43 
 
 FBI 
 
 83 
 
 104 
 
 54 
 60 
 60 
 
 50 m 
 
 116 
 
 12 
 
 49 
 
 tla -
 
 SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. 
 
 HAN_ ^ 
 
 "" ' "" 22 
 
 106 
 
 understanding 
 as to the real ^ 
 facts. 
 
 HUA 
 
 Market for 
 goods; sphere 
 of sale. 
 
 31 ft The 'funny' 
 5! column of a 
 * Sacrificial] newspaper, 
 victim; a pa- t]^ Novels; 
 triot ready to 
 die for his 
 country. 
 
 Present 
 appearances ; 
 phenomena. 
 
 Way of 
 retreat. 
 
 chane creden- 
 
 _ 
 
 spond; to f o l- it ft Confidence. 
 
 Federated * 
 
 cedent. 
 
 cussed in turn. SJUJ D 
 
 1 1
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. 
 
 HSIU 
 
 ]!|L Stripes on 
 sleeve to indi- 
 cate civil or 
 militar rank. 
 
 ESU 
 
 m Nihilists. 
 HSUEN 
 
 65 
 III 
 
 49 
 
 65 
 72 
 
 99 
 To declare 
 
 war. 
 
 \$ Selected 
 class for 
 special studies. 
 
 HSiiiN 
 
 ifij 
 
 e;i|'J 
 
 5fR*i? Scouts. 
 
 3 
 
 i J 4, 
 
 I IQ 6 
 
 + 55 
 
 I defined by Jfl 
 7; to employ 9 ; 
 indicating ob- 
 ject proposed 
 9 ; marking- 
 object 9; n ;] 
 22; 43; 44;! 
 
 45; 73; be- 
 cause 19; 55; 
 in order that 
 20; joined to 
 another word 
 21 ; shewing 
 result 21 ; on 
 account of 24; 
 means used 
 
 39 ; so as to 
 
 39; 55; 61; 
 introducing 
 subject 54; to 
 the effect that 
 -stands at be-, 
 ginning of a 
 communica- 
 tion 68 
 
 i 
 i 
 8 
 8 1 
 
 43 
 29 
 46 
 69 
 89 
 
 95 
 
 56; 65 
 109 
 26 
 26 
 
 33 
 42 
 
 62 
 
 44 
 
 73 
 
 lint In or- 
 der to observe 
 public opinion. 
 
 'it $5} A motion.: -^ 
 
 Hff Congress 
 (U. S. A). 
 
 H & Cordially 
 agreed to af- 
 ter discussion. 
 
 HJ5c Parliament- 
 
 Hfl Member of 
 Parliament. 
 
 Philosoph- 
 ical instru- 
 ments. 
 
 Jgff;J$ The 
 motion is lost. 
 im^iL The 
 motion is car- 
 ried. 
 
 no 
 Lack 
 
 of cohesion; 
 separation. 
 
 ^r^*^ To 
 
 adopt a gold 
 standard. 
 
 IA 
 
 74 
 
 85 
 42 
 
 B 35 
 
 IAH 
 
 40 
 40 
 
 IH 
 
 -ft 
 
 62 
 
 46 
 
 II 
 
 4 
 62 
 
 53 
 
 85 
 ii 
 1 1 
 
 .|Tj. 69 
 
 '/ 36 
 
 . />"W *J 
 
 ; . . . 'fr 6 
 
 '^ Article 
 translated 
 from another 
 
 To im- 
 prison. 
 
 IANG 
 
 iff Foreign 
 firm. 
 
 __IAO 
 
 -IE' The impor- 
 tant point. 
 
 M^ The main 
 thought. 
 
 IE 
 
 4 
 
 newspaper. 
 
 6b 
 
 26 
 
 54: 
 
 6; ii 
 
 49 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 28 
 
 High- 
 handed pro- 
 
 ceedings. 
 
 118
 
 SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. 
 IEN gg ]> aiu l O f 
 
 19 ; 20 musicians. 
 
 IONG 
 
 45 
 
 Sol, 
 
 *B 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 58 m 
 
 62 J85fc 
 
 63 ^^ 103 
 
 93 ffrlHMft Choir. 
 
 93 
 
 93 
 
 To investi- tf 2 ; J 5; 17 ja 
 gate. # l8 
 
 I 42 & 21 ; 58; 59; 
 
 $ 
 
 Mutual re- 
 vival of the lations. 
 fittest. 
 
 r-vi . //c fip *rt K'AN 
 
 cross nurse ; 
 hospital ma- 
 42 i tron. 
 
 IUH 
 
 IU 
 
 KAI 
 
 42; 73 tt 
 20; 31; 44 
 42 
 95 35 
 
 K'ANG 
 
 l ;??/ Vigor- 
 ous protest. 
 
 IN 
 
 64 
 
 m 
 
 97 
 
 Bank. 
 
 W& Peril - 
 
 A con- 
 
 9 
 
 65 f 
 42 
 10 
 
 8 
 80 
 
 cert. 
 
 Jf$ v^tamp 
 duties. 
 
 i^P 95 
 
 ^'^ High class ; 
 
 "distinction," 
 of examina- 
 
 3 2 
 
 73 
 
 To change ; 
 to reform, 42 
 
 73 
 % 34 
 
 K'AI 
 
 KAO 
 
 103 
 
 33 
 
 fa An adver- 
 tisement. 
 
 98 
 98 
 
 58; 60 
 65 
 
 KEH 
 
 Ii\G 
 
 \\$ To treat u^ show 
 well. 
 
 ' . . . f i 6 KAN 
 
 M # # 4; 16; 
 
 Separation. 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 .. ; 52 
 
 29 1 8 jj- 62 
 
 I)]J ul ^fj-tt^' : 7 T*'^ 'I' inter- 
 
 ?lBW 9 1 |jf^uf) 8 1 fere: inter- 
 i^Vi'^'J 22 $JffE[i] Kinder- ference. 
 
 W'-fc\ Cinemato- garten. T'ffi To meddle 
 
 graph. ^'lJ5t/pj Bost of- with; to in- 
 
 i^^-p5J[)^C 103 lice. tervene. 
 
 3 
 
 IOH 
 
 K'EH 
 
 KENG 
 
 P 'I'd 
 
 TvS 
 
 _KEO_ 
 
 y. A toady : a 
 ycophant. 
 
 K'KO 
 
 ().> 
 94
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 
 KIAI 
 
 i8;6 4 
 
 KO 
 
 A Individual ; 
 as opposed to 
 collective. 
 
 Public debt. 
 
 Universal 
 principle. 
 
 Sappers JgJ^ 
 and miners. 
 
 Chamber 
 of Commerce.' 
 :Jj|^: Public 
 schools. 
 
 KU 
 
 5j Interna- 
 tional law. 
 
 Naturaliza- 
 tion. 
 
 re- 
 vve peace ne- 
 
 KOH 
 
 i; 49 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 68 
 
 Cab- 
 inet Officers; 
 the Cabinet. 
 
 K'O 
 
 m 34:48 
 M 52 
 
 J} Shares 
 company. 
 
 5 2 
 
 Share- 
 holder. 
 ^ Stock. 
 { To applaud. 
 
 58 
 
 lift 
 
 8 
 82 
 
 iSR-Ifa Adviser 
 to the govern- 
 ment. 
 
 as of an am- 
 bassador. 
 
 gfjjj The Budget. 
 
 ffl'ft National 
 
 Classics. 
 
 
 KONG 
 
 V Uli 
 
 S 2 
 
 38 
 12 ; 48 
 
 54 
 
 100 
 
 58 
 
 57 
 
 JT'-t 
 
 K'U 
 
 KUA 
 
 K'UAI 
 
 KUAN 
 
 18 
 93 
 
 [ / 
 
 National! 
 
 flag. 
 
 n^ Kingdom ; 
 government. 
 
 [H|g Constitu- 
 tion or dignity 
 of the State. 
 
 [Uflf Chinese 
 Senate. 
 
 [MB 37 
 
 P^| State rights. 
 
 Xational 
 subscription. 
 
 '-'Jt Armv of 
 ^ c *" 
 
 the Republic. 
 
 LEI 
 
 LI 
 
 104 
 
 85 
 
 ters of State. 
 
 42 
 42 
 Privileges; 
 
 advantages. 
 Spccula- 
 tion ; theorv. 
 
 
 
 Ground of 
 riht. 
 
 32 
 
 Political 
 economy. 
 
 " 33 
 
 120
 
 SYLLABIC INDlvX TO CHARACTKKS AND PI1KASHS. $jfc 
 LIB LIU MAI MIEN 
 
 44 ?^ Studer t s | f { '/gy.r 
 
 27; who study | lation. 
 ~'M Constitu- abroad. 
 L ,wi,al go\ 
 ment. 
 
 LIANG 
 
 103 
 
 MIN 
 
 MAN 
 
 LIAO 
 
 LIEH 
 
 \ The Great 
 Powers. 
 
 rn- 
 
 63 
 9- 
 
 85 
 68 
 
 97 
 eat 
 
 piSJfut rnono- 
 graph. 
 
 LO 
 
 ia.J ~J 
 
 ^ji^f 5 2 JXI3 3 2 ;\3 
 i^ii'M 3 2 JiAJil/r 63 
 MEH JX Head of the 
 
 LOH 
 
 ism. 
 
 LONG 
 
 If 63 
 
 LU 
 
 m 20 p e i )le - 
 
 ^icjp! Army or 
 MEI the Republic. 
 
 ^ 5 |!EJc]x: ^I a gis- 
 ^ 9 ; 45 tratc. 
 3(1^ 29 
 fj Arts. MING 
 H-ftj^t Artists. 4Rlll^ 73 
 ^ ^ & ill 1 03 ^J ^ Reputa- 
 tion ; fame. 
 MEN nn 
 
 F'j 104 
 P'jrff 86 MO 
 
 MENG ^fc 7 2 
 
 Jftf/fc; Renter. 
 LUH 
 
 ^ 3 
 
 !tf':'.T? T nml 
 
 ance of power, i 
 
 LIEN 
 
 forces; the W"6' -Mongolia, 
 army. i^fcf 1 ! 1 ^ 105 
 
 f^jjt 5ft 'Hie army ^ 5j< ^4^'Ji^ 9& 
 ^ a &- MEO 
 
 MUH 
 
 If ji 
 
 tUi T 3 
 
 J-1' C'on feder- 
 
 LUEN 
 
 .^o 
 
 33 
 
 55 
 
 # 17:^ 
 
 rltt An edito- .*/=. 
 
 MI 
 
 rial : to discuss. 
 S( : iJSl Ethics; so- 
 ciology. 
 49 ' 
 
 Lit 
 
 i^fn Supersti- 
 
 NEI or NUI 
 
 41 
 
 MIH 
 
 49 
 
 LING 
 
 41 -:]- 
 
 ^f{| Cipher: ^]^ 103 
 
 secret writing. l^Jj/i] The Cahi- 
 J& -i ^'^ Secret net. 
 
 telegram. ftfjjfrft Hoard of 
 
 (i2 MA ( '^ , , 
 
 02 $# 03 ^"^ 
 
 54 -^^L ^ [;u ' k MIEH NENG 
 
 cS I 
 
 121
 
 NIH 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI- 
 
 57 
 
 !MTtT 
 46 Lll Pari 
 
 NIEH 
 
 Prince 
 Recent. 
 
 P'AI 
 
 PEH 
 
 Berlin. 
 
 14 
 
 T> 
 
 NIU 
 
 P'EH 
 
 63 tflW Auction ; 
 78 ftii Turn out sale by auction. 
 
 to trade. 
 PIH 
 
 P'l 
 
 9 8 
 
 mwm 103 the : 
 
 ^Kft Vaccine -W..M q^ 
 virus. ' the fc 
 ^J Slaves; 
 
 seryile. P 
 
 danchus. pEl 
 
 tyres. 
 P'lH 
 
 PIAO 
 PIEN 
 
 urn out 
 
 rrt j T 
 
 reigners. VJt - 
 S 2 9 
 
 AN ^ 29 
 
 NONG mm 
 j^Xlf^iil') Board ns<- 
 of Agriculture J|\w 
 and Commerce. *JL|_K p t 
 
 Agriculture p< 
 and Forestry. fJCjlffjilL 
 
 ists. 
 
 ND 
 
 IO3 f^tf ^2 
 
 103 $?3fit ^4 
 
 go simism. 
 
 'nee. 
 P'EI 
 
 AN ^p>l" Indemnity. 
 Anarch- 
 
 PEN 
 
 ^ ft Variation. 
 f ; f ; M T apolo- 
 gize for; an 
 apologist. 
 
 F'lEN 
 
 ^ 10; 52 
 LNG i^ 16 
 
 ft* 
 
 -7Q P^ 
 
 P^ 
 w 
 
 NU_ 
 
 P< 
 
 T^ \4TTO ^/~VT J 
 
 /qv/Ji. 4' J 
 17 
 P'ENG 
 4.NG 
 
 i^ * n-f y-*-\ 
 
 1 I0 4 
 PING 
 
 coJps/ #R In 
 / r -F-fjC~tf 98 ence - 
 
 ^"F^ffiilll I <AC " T. 
 
 differ . f 43 
 
 P'EO 
 
 ^& 45 
 M"-ifr T T -? 
 
 M---" *J 
 
 J^fl^j Soldiers' 
 [)ay or rations. 
 P-|ti To oppose. 
 
 AO .ftjft 5 1 
 
 nic' 
 
 ^?} 7X 
 
 lie suffrage.;-,... 
 
 6 4 -J-'J^ Y ^ 5^ 
 ^_, veal their in- 
 
 fU-^- 
 
 "fit JL 
 
 F ( ING 
 
 48 
 
 Kquality; 
 of the same 
 rank. 
 
 122
 
 SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. 
 
 50 ffi 
 
 Peace ? UH 
 
 Con ference. MAi ft |& Honest 
 
 : 12% "*" '-* "^ 
 
 study and self 
 improvement. 
 
 PO 
 
 Ri 
 
 42 
 
 POH 
 
 RAN 
 
 29; 37; 
 
 Museum. 
 P'O 
 
 i ^ 
 
 3 
 Breach 
 
 41 
 
 1 J 
 /P, 
 
 47 " 
 
 Rontgen, 
 
 ravs. 
 
 RANG 
 
 RiH 
 
 ROH 
 
 inter- 
 
 of neutrality. me ddle. 
 
 PU_ RAO 
 
 H i9i^A^^^I 47 
 
 tf> 4| 
 
 S5 --- 
 
 RU 
 
 ^f it Proper 
 22 business. 
 
 -p-]^ Ol'ticer in 
 command. 
 
 P]^^ The execu- 
 tive. 
 
 3^ -==lA k i r : ? Pnm- 
 PJ TTuiC VxOlll 
 
 mandant. 
 
 REH 
 
 J*7> 1 $>^ 
 
 * &m Zealous; 
 ibm Infantry. m 
 
 PUH 
 
 ardent. 
 REN 
 
 64 
 29 
 42 
 42 
 
 10 ; 30 
 
 ^^ 
 X 
 *% 
 
 ^)JIi 
 '&& 
 
 7>a 
 
 x%\ 
 ^iil'J 
 T>- 
 ^T 
 *Jffi 
 ^f'J-B 
 
 99 
 An p a Moral qual- 
 
 ities. i ,fr- 
 
 he human U 
 
 07 race. 
 
 ; ^ fi/ r 
 
 " Aft Ethnology. iu 
 
 ^ 
 
 /4 
 
 88 
 
 RUH 
 
 SAI 
 
 SAN 
 
 SENG 
 
 
 so 
 
 37 
 
 98 
 
 16 
 
 43 
 
 O- 
 
 07 
 
 57 
 
 IOOi 
 I OO 
 
 10 
 
 p'u 
 
 i i 
 
 RENG 
 
 Universal ;i (Jj 
 general. [}'j 
 
 80 
 
 1 6 
 
 if) 
 
 SONG 
 
 su 
 
 6 ; 62 
 
 j'H 93 
 
 SUH 
 
 5^ "Continued 
 from the last" 
 issue. 
 
 s'f
 
 SUEN 
 
 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 
 SHAO 
 
 SHUH 
 
 State of the f 
 
 market; com- 
 mencal news. 
 jj-'! Commerce. jjV^ 
 
 Trade As- 
 s< >c i at i' >n ; 
 ].!oard of 
 Trade. 
 
 124
 
 SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. 
 
 TAI 
 
 iiffli 
 
 34 
 
 House of 
 
 U 
 
 Representa- 
 tives. 
 
 5 
 
 T'AQ 
 
 5 2 .\&fik Natural 
 2 9 selection. To 
 clean out ; to 
 reduce, as 
 number of 
 employees. 
 
 To ask for 
 an opinion ; to 
 discuss. 
 
 T'AI 
 
 :/ Attitude, 
 as of one 
 Power to 
 another. 
 
 TAN 
 
 T'AN 
 
 86 
 
 TEH 
 
 i|U Germany. 
 (^ Moral cul-j 
 ture. 
 
 T'EH 
 
 103 
 
 Conver- 
 
 Special 
 powers. 
 
 Distin- 
 guishing 
 characteristics. 
 59 
 
 sazione. 
 
 TANG 
 
 'lM P'irty- 
 
 political. 
 
 TAG 
 
 Marked dif- 
 ferences. 
 
 TENG 
 
 ^J To sever $11f[| To trans- 
 (a country) fer, as officials 
 into two or troops. 
 
 halves. 
 
 T'lAO 
 
 T'EO Kf An article, 
 
 52 as of a treaty; 
 52 particulars ; 
 $W. 99 provisions of 
 
 ^^Contributedj a deed. 
 
 Bar gold. 
 Recom- 
 mendations. 
 65 ' : ^^J Treaty ; 
 
 conditions of 
 
 43 
 
 53 
 
 20 
 
 44 
 
 53 
 
 81 
 81 
 
 Subway. 
 !," Seat of 
 Government ; 
 location. 
 ;'] To oppose; 
 opposition. 
 
 43 
 &#I!t 43 
 
 T'l 
 
 TIEN 
 
 m 
 
 5 
 
 74 
 
 i ; 
 
 itise. 
 4 
 
 ;f Sign of plu- 
 ral i ^ ; 1 8 ; 6 1 
 
 TEO 
 
 47 
 47 
 47 
 
 54 '^[ij Telephone. 
 I To suggest; ^ ^Telegraphic 
 code. 
 
 to incite; 
 lead. 
 
 f Pliysical 
 culture. 
 
 to 
 
 j Ivlectric 
 light. 
 
 3i Telegraph- 
 
 : transfer. 
 
 T'lEN 
 
 63 
 
 80 
 
 1J
 
 WESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLJ. 
 
 $1 Evolution, jjl-^jg Boy 
 jJJI Natural se- Scouts, 
 lection. 
 
 Anti- 
 
 footbinding 
 society. 
 
 An ob- 
 servatory. 
 
 1^ To nom- 
 inate. 
 
 Degenera- 
 
 TU 
 
 TUH 
 
 TING 
 
 The limit. 
 
 T'U 
 
 T'ING > -km L oca i row _ 
 
 14; 62 dies. 
 
 TO 
 
 79 
 
 TOH 
 
 Board of 
 
 72 
 
 / - 
 
 TONG 
 
 50 
 54 
 50 
 M 4c 5 
 
 KM Property; 
 wealth and 
 
 possessions. 
 fit B&rii) Board of 
 Finance. 
 
 TSAN 
 To assist; 
 to help to 
 
 ft To 'corner', bring about, 
 the market. TS'AN 
 
 T'UEN 
 
 TUAN 
 
 T'U AN 
 
 TUEN 
 
 TSEH 
 
 ai) 7 ; a law ; 
 
 denoting conse- 
 quence 1 6 ; rhe- 
 torical particle. 
 24 
 
 "^"itf 4 1 
 
 nil ... m 7 
 
 TS'EH 
 
 ^!]5 To with- 
 draw shares 
 from a concern. 
 
 DO 
 
 6 4 
 
 / 
 
 Power- 
 political. 
 
 kingdom. 
 T'ONG 
 
 I- 33 
 
 /^ 68 
 
 Brethren ; 
 fellow coun- 
 trymen. 
 jl fg News ; 
 communica- 
 tions. 
 
 Assembly 
 Hall. 
 
 {^1 Sad condi- 
 TOI tions. 
 
 Vnimal |J 31 ; 35 ; 46 ^1 To aid by 
 
 counsel. 
 
 Encroach- 
 ment as on 
 
 ^5i 
 35: 9 l 
 
 f^- To recipro- 
 
 cate ; 
 
 respond with. .41; 
 
 T'UI 
 
 a country. 
 TSAO 
 
 m 
 mm 
 
 TS'AO 
 
 45 
 32 
 
 ty to advance 
 or retreat. 
 
 126
 
 INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND 1'JI RASES. f$ Q 
 
 TS'I 
 
 TSU 
 
 T r ' 72. 
 II n 
 
 Jlfc 5 
 
 ^ 15 ffl.^1 " Conces- ;^ 
 
 ?fcf 64 sion," as at ffi. 
 
 BSfi 86 Treaty Ports. 
 
 Tfc^-; Secondary. i^pTheFather- 
 
 n-< , 3111 
 
 lo intrigue. " 
 TS'UAN 
 
 _UEI 
 29 ,fl| 3 
 
 ^3 Si i ^ 
 
 i "r* %J 
 
 3 &f 24 
 
 2 9 j^ sign of pas- 
 5^ sive 3 ; 13 ; on 
 69: account of 40; 
 74 6 1 
 
 85 
 105 
 9 
 
 42 
 28 
 
 34 
 
 46 
 
 49 
 66 
 89 
 
 TSONG 
 
 50 ## 
 Dancing- 
 stage; also 
 used meta- 
 Q phorically. 
 '^**~n 74$$.% 
 1 06 2~ j^ 
 
 18 $3 
 
 ^ ffi To com- 
 mission to of- 
 
 2 -'feft 
 
 ife Prestige 
 for existence. , a , nd COIlfide1 ^. 
 
 f ft T*t ( -f*t" tllC * 
 
 /~\ * ' ux iliui V-JCi nib . 
 
 Origin -^ , 
 
 bacteria. 
 
 Actinsr 
 
 UH 
 
 ])erial Party. 
 
 . -*er * . m 
 
 42 
 Chief 
 
 ^11 Chief man- 
 ager : Premier. 
 viif.$; The Im- JS^ Very latest: 
 
 ultimate. mats. 
 
 ,-^^ Highest #h3c!U Diplo- 
 class; ' hon- malic P>ody 
 
 Administrator ; ours - 
 
 committee. 
 
 "To be 
 continued." 
 
 Premier. 
 
 TS'ONG 
 
 i ; 
 
 acceptance or 
 
 UAN 
 
 I. 
 
 Reaction- 
 
 jTi! To 
 regulate the 
 market. 
 
 recognition. 
 TS'UI 
 
 ary. 
 
 UANG 
 
 UEN 
 
 ft: 
 
 101 ftj 
 
 4^ 
 49 
 
 8 
 
 50
 
 WESSONS IN KUSMICNTARY 
 
 mm 40!$ 
 
 3t#EThe literary;-^ 
 column of a!"& 
 newspaper. 
 
 Arts course 
 in college, 
 illsl Literature. 
 [%* Diploma. 
 
 73 
 
 17 
 42 
 
 35 
 
 63 
 105 
 
 16 
 
 25 
 56 
 Estimates. 
 
 ft 7 
 
 .E 6 
 
 42 
 
 6 3i 
 Budget. 
 
 72 
 
 17 
 
 tTEH 
 
 28 
 
 63i 
 96 
 
 63 
 
 fS'M: Reading 
 Club for 
 newspaper. 
 
 43 
 
 XB Senate 
 (U. S. A.) 
 
 DEN 
 
 49 
 To 
 
 hand over in 
 continuous 
 instalments. 
 
 ClN 
 
 I* 15 
 
 3 6 jiiJt 6 3 
 
 5 1 JMUd Physical 
 79' exercise; drill. 
 
 128
 
 UNIVERSITY OF
 
 Los Angeles 
 book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 RE<rD LD-U 
 
 OCT041985 

 
 ; 
 : 
 
 
 A A 000022549