THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ^ U M^A^^K5 x QTS'^ra y P^ifc^- ^ ^ v irvVi -^r^i' V'-' L I-SSOXS. IN HLHMKXTARY WEN-LI F. W. BALLBR PREPARED FOR THE CHINA INLAND MISSION ALL RIGHTS RHSHKVHD r 1 1 K c i i i x A i x i , A x i > \i i s. s i o x : r.ONDOX, I'M It.ADI'.I.rH I A, TORONTO. M IM.l'.Ol' K N !", SMANC.HAT . PL PREFACE, THESE Lessons have been dra\vn up with a view to lielp students of Chinese who know some Mandarin, and who are desirous of commencing the study of Wenli. INTRODUCTION. One of the most noticeable changes introduced into China during this generation is the creation of a new style of writing, and a new terminology. The example of Japan, and the opening of the world to travel, have led many Chinese students to not only visit foreign countries, but to live in them and acquire the education to be obtained in their Colleges and Universities. The result is that an ever-increasing number return home as graduates of the various seats of learning in the West. Some of these scholars have kept up their Chinese studies and some have not, but in each case they have new ideas and new thoughts which struggle to find adequate expression. Fail- ing to find such terms as they need ready-made for their purpose, they have coined new ones, and so have done to the Chinese tongue what has been done to the English language, i.e., enriched it with words, phrases, and terms. The impact of foreign intercourse in politics, science, trade, religion, etc., is thus showing itself in the creation of a terminology in these various subjects, which twenty or thirty years ago would have been regarded as barbarous and uncouth, but which is to-day freely used in political and other circles. The reason for this is that many are literal, or nearly literal, trans- lations of foreign terms. Other things that have helped forward this movement have been the inauguration of a Republic, and the introduction of the modern newspaper. This latter was first in the field, but under the sway of the Manchus was published in the Treaty Ports only, where editors could say their say unmolested. With the introduction of a republican form of government, papers have sprr.rg up < n every hand and express their views unchecked; but whether this larger liberty will be for the ultimate good of the country or not. is open to question. The fact remains, however, that newspapers have come to stay, and not only to stay, but to do all they can to educate their readers. This the desire of the newspaper editor to educate the INTRODUCTION. readers of his paper has caused a considerable change in the language employed, and in the style of writing. Scholars of a generation ago seemed more anxious to display their own learning than to inform their readers, and the more abstruse the style and the more recondite the reference the better the scholarship. Protestant missionary propaganda has largely helped to change all this. The wide dissemination of Christian truth in the form of simple tracts and books, and the distribution of the Scriptures in Mandarin and in many different dialects, throughout the Empire, have done much to open the eyes both of the official and educated classes to the need of a simple style, if they would really influence the masses. For example, the idea of a proclamation being issued in Mandarin, would have been scouted by the previous generation of officials, but during the past few years, even Viceroys have not thought it beneath them to issue proclamations in the simplest of simple Mandarin when they have desired to engage the atten- tion and enlist the sympathies of the people. Some have been issued in j $, plain colloquial, when it has been thought desirable to arouse the people to action. This style of thing is likely to increase as the people take a share in the government of the country, and different political parties are anxious to carry the populace with them in elections and public questions. It is not safe to prophesy till after the event, but it looks as though, in the course of a few years, the old style of Wenli will be elbowed out by what may be termed current Wenli, or at least confined to articles in magazines purchased and read by the elect few. It is certain that the new wine will not do in old bottles, it will burst them and the wine will be spilled. Needless to say, the Chinese language lends itself most: readily to these new demands made upon it. Like the Chinese people, it retains its own character in the midst of changes, and at the same time has sufficient flexibility to adapt itself to all modern require- ments; so that a living mobile style has sprung up. shewing itself capable of expressing most that is required of it. and lending itself in the hands of a good writer to the expression of anything and everything under the sun. VI INTRODUCTION. The Chinese newspaper, in addition to popularizing this sort of writing, has also created an interest in present-day things that is helping to oust interest in things of the past. President Yuan is a greater figure to-day than Wen-Wang. Telegrams telling the result of negotiations for a Foreign Loan are read with more avidity than classical passages dealing with the length of the Sage's night-shirt, and his partiality for ginger. The colour of his gown and the kind of cuffs he preferred are of little interest by the side of the abolition of the queue and permission for officials on foreign service to wear foreign dress. Hence the student of Chinese who wishes to be at all up-to-date, must have at least a nodding acquaintance with news- papers and newspaper style. The missionary who works among students and the educated classes, can scarcely afford to dispense with a certain knowledge of its contents, if he would understand the conversation of those among whom he labours. This book has been written with a view to introducing anyone who has a knowledge of Mandarin to such a style as that mentioned above. It may be regarded as a Supplement to the author's Man- darin Primer (8th. Edition). Bearing in mind the difficulties many lind in passing from the study of Mandarin to Wenli, the Wenli text has been translated into Mandarin and printed in parallel columns in the Lessons. This, and explanatory Notes, should help to make the rough \ aths fairly plain, and enable the student, by a comparison with the Mandarin translation, to grasp the force and use of \Venli words and particles. These latter, which form the principal difficulty, have been treated with some fulness. Their relation to each other, to the progress of thought, together with their value as connectives, are exhibited in the Notes; while a full Index enables the reader to turn up illustrations of their use in varying connectives. Such a word as JJ, for example, studied alone, seems to a beginner well-nigh hopeless, but, when seen in its various settings as a part of the text, it is shorn of half its terrors. To illustrate: a few years ago, a railway in Florida was extended across a large stretch of water. The difficulties of the undertaking were considerably reduced, owing to the presence of a number of small islands which occurred at intervals, and were known as the VII INTRODUCTION. Florida Keys. The railway was carried from one ' key ' to the other and the waste of waters was bridged. Roughly speaking, Wenli particles are not unlike these 'keys.' If their force and significance are once mastered, half the difficulty of acquiring Wenli is bridged over. The English translation is purposely made as full as possible, and in many cases is over-translated for the benefit of the begin- ner: no translation is given of the Reading Lessons; by the aid of the Notes, the learner may make one for himself if he so desire. The first few Lessons consist of telegrams taken from the newspaper, and purposely deal in a fragmentary way with the subject in hand: the later Lessons are more connected and elaborate. The subjects chosen deal with present-day affairs, and form a memorial of one of the most striking epochs of Chinese history. The fall of the Manchu Dynasty, the Election of a President for the New Republic, the New Educational System, The Life of the first President, etc, make a combination of events of a unique character. A selection of such New Terms as are met with in ordinary reading are added to the Index of the words that occur in the book, and are separately defined. CiiEi-'oo, January 1913. INDEX TO LESSONS. PAGES. " TOMMY" RUN WILD i AN EMBYRO PRESIDENT . . . . . . . . . . 7 " TOMMY" AFTER LOOT .. .. .. .. .. n THE EVOLUTION OF A PRESIDENT . . . . . . . . 19 ARMS AND THE MAN I SING . . . . . . . . 23 A PRESIDENT DUPED .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 " TOMMY" TURNED DOWN 32 A PRESIDENT CAGED . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 WAYS AND MEANS . . . . . . . . . . . . 3^ ROYALTY IN THE ORIENT . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 THE QUALITY OF MERCY . . . . . . . . . . 47 INFORMATION ABOUT THE INFORMER . . . 5 1 DRESSED IN A LITTLE BRIEF AUTHORITY . . . . . . S3 CELESTIAL FLIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 A LIFE ON THE OCEAN WAVE . . . . . . . . 60 DECADENT BUDDHISM . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 THE PASSING OF THE QUEUE . . . . . . . . 66 BLANK DESPAIR . . . . . . . . . . ,. . 71 THE BUBBLE REPUTATION .. .. .. .. .. 74 SORROW ON THE SEA . . . . . . . . . , . . 78 FREEDOM FREE TO SLAY HERSELF . . . . . . . . 80 A FLOURISH OF TRUMPETS . . . . ,. . . . . . 84 MINERS ABOVE GROUND . . . . . . . . . . 90 COMPULSORY REFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . 92 TIMES AND SEASONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 THE SCHOOLMASTER ABROAD .. .. .. . . 97 THE FAMINE FETE . . . . . . . . . . .. . 100 OYEZ! 10^ ., . ^j THE PEARL OF PARABLES 10; ^j THE OLD ORDER CHANGI-TH. 108 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI LESSON I. H |j| " TOMMY RUN WILD. ILL -i--, ti = IE: j& lLo0 A. T J * ^ BUM* HE The Mutiny at Peking. Since the Manchus of the Pure Dynasty promulgated the Edict of Abdication, the troops in the capital have succeeded in scrupu- lously observing military discipline, and have maintained quiet and good order. This evening (however) an unexpected calamity occurred Yuan's troops mutinied, looted, fired upon (the people) and set fire to property in all directions. 1. } ..... JU ?IS This is a construction in which ft is used in correlation \vith W % to indicate duration of time, and the sentence to which t :c time has reference is inserted between them. So employed f'l may not only be used with expressions which cannot be used alone, as ;. f, ;. Ulf, but also with prepositions which ma\ be used independently, as W ? ; c.p. ft ^ W & since he went from the time of departure; H] si # ^ I'.V from the time of entrance since entering. The sentence that lies between ft and its correlative may be simple or confound, longer short easy op involved. m is used below in correlation with a xerb, and in this rase also a sentence lies between them, ft V> lit jl IsJ |''f )j jfif ^ j it started from the side (in the vicinity) of Yuan-sh'i-k'ai's dwelling. Jn Mandarin ft is usually reinforced by {, as at the beginning of the Mandarin text. 2. ft all. This is usually the equivalent of $j; in Mandarin. In many cases it does not need to be translated, its function being to indicate the plural ; e.g. -Jr. ]^ -f^r the military ...... See below Jfe )f '\f ft the local officials ..... ft- is used in a similar sense, separated from ft by the noun : see helo\v fj- j ft YJ" 'Jf ii$ there is fightincr everywhere: this is a common '.instruction and illustrates th fact that it too may be used to express the plurnl i*i certain connections, instead of merely retaining its distributive force: cp. luiglisb. 'each and all.' ,}. fj^ have been able to. This word is often used not only of mere ability or potentiality, but also of actual performance. 4. ^t-; To beget ; to occur ; to take place. 5- 12 To change from law-abiding subjects to rebels; hence, to revolt; to rebel. #/ fj{ ^ ^7" t ( -' 00 ^ ^ ncn d llot enlist, good 2 ran j's not -n^ccl for makin nails. : LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 7 *o ft A ft IE * it tit ft it tit ft '1 The outbreak of this evening started in the vicinity of Yuan- shi-kai's residence, and we are convinced that he is apprehensive of danger. The heavens were lighted up by the fire from all parts of the city : fire broke out in one part of the Forbidden City also. Some foreigners who resided outside the Legation Area were unable at once to take refuge there, but, so far, the mutineers have shewn no sign of enmity to foreigners. 1. %_ This is a character constantly used in the book style, and is chameleon- like in its manifold meanings and usage : in some connections it defies grammatical analysis. Here it is the equivalent of ftfy as a sign of the genitive of, or belonging to T* $ ;/! jf$ |$| the origin of this evening's calamity. Other examples of its use in this sense may be found below: T(- A . . JS =fi those of the foreigners who resided; |B$ ffr , ^ the aspect of terror; ^S ^ IS the origin of the mutiny; and sc on. 2. $ that from which motion issues, hence, the origin or moving cause. 3- ft % J& see above. 4. ~fa as here used, often indicates a state or condition "-ft" 1(\ |%r is in a position of peril. See below ~4\ Vn ill -- tE -f.^ ' n a position to control the disorder. So frequently in Mandarin, e g. ^ ' Y) ^ ^ r - Li is in trouble; f(| /f At ii ^ he is in a position of wealth and influence. ~t. fej] A candle. One feature of \\ en-li is the use of nouns as verbs, usually in a closely related sense to the meaning erf the noun. Here, it is a short step between a candle and to illuminate. So with ^cf a crown, read in the fourth tone, (- 3) to crown. 6. ^ Also. A partick- used in the hook style corresponding to -tfl as indicating something additional. ')<. Q One difference between Mandarin and VYcn-li is the inversion of order, here 'X i would be $L }<. in the colloquial. See also above ^ &. 8. ft who ; he wh< . ; \.h'><-: who ; etc. This may be separated from its antecedent by a sentence, or clause, simple or involved. ;7 ; \fore\gncrs ^L some ^f who ^ S reside $J nft Legation '/['- ^ boundary outside. Sec also below fj" J$ A 'fa- tESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. . . it * & IM - ISA A Burning and looting continue without intermission. The fire appears to be spreading. The whole city is in a state of alarm that may not be set forth in words. The streets are choke full of the lawless populace who are acting outrageously, looting and pillaging. The foreign troops and Legation guards are devising means to rescue their nationals (from danger) and move them into the Legations. i- 3$ A ^scape enter. So used A is often an equivalent of 'in' and may be regarded as merely completing the action of the verb, sec below iH A '< ?R A- 2. ftfr . . . . ffr but .... still, faj indicates time in many connections 'up till'; 'so far;' etc. 3. ;. Note how from 4 all is dependent on this character, making the whole descriptive no enmity regards foreigners' behaviour = 110 hostile bearing to- wards foreigners. 4. ^ 3$ Properly behaviour; actions; but constantly used as here, to indicate 'bearing towards'; 'attitude adopted;' etc. 5. ^ . . . C This furnishes a good illustration of the terse style of Wen-li. Where in Mandarin two or more characters would be used, one does duty for them; sec Mandarin translation .^ $ fa :( ffy ?$ <% 4^ & ft. It is often a great help in getting at the nv-ining of a "compressed" sentence, to turn it into colloquial. 6. tl eiu: ; limit; not as in Mandarin in the sense of 'already.' 7. ^* aspect; condition of things. Aspect either physically or figuratively, hence, 'appear to be.' 8. M Commonly used as a verb=j(Jfc. 9. njjfc To illustrate; a parable. Here with ff=to shew; "pj ^ ($ may not by words be set forth. 10. T$ sign of passive ; 'by,' not as in Mandarin ' for,' or in an active sense as pfi 1? pTl etc. So frequently, "see below B fli f 7J ftf. u. S the full form of [t], here used as an adverb. It is also used as a verb, as are j(v and ^ the full forms of Zl and -p. Of the remaining numerals {2, |J, J#, (H x^ ^L) are used as nouns. 12. ,^ as a conjunction, the equivalent of -flt or |ii]. WESSONS IN EI^MENTARY toflt *< A A .\;TV inj /u 'n T5C- .* pn ^ nf s ft ^ n PI ft -b n >P ^ ' H 7SS I Dr.* ffif fit, l?c - pa g PI* XV I J^ I-J m IE f\S^' A There was the sound of continuous firing; some shots went flying into the Legation Area. The main street of the Hata Gate Liang- fu-ching Street is still burning. On the evening of the 29th, at 7 o'clock, the troops revolted simultaneously at the Tong-hua Men and the Hsi-hua Men. They rushed through every street firing the houses and pillaging. Fires began throughout the entire sections adjoining both gates, and a strong wind suddenly springing up at the time, the force of the wind caused a greater conflagration. Mutiny began because of the cutting down of the pay of the military. It is difficult as yet to foresee the result of this tumult in the streets. The Legation Area is securely closed, and the Legation guards are all stationed in the forts inside, ready to act as the occasion demands. 1. Yl ~i there were some which. . ?. . 2. j '{ these are the equivalent of the present participle, and may be variously translated, 'just as'; 'during ;' etc. 3. i!!f time, now commonly used in current Wen-li as the equivalent of an hour, or of fiijf ^ a period of two hoars. 4. '<\~. A repeated from above. Pronouns are sparingly used; either the noun is repeated or is implied in the construction. $. -Tir Used not only of a belt of country but also descriptive of a district adjoining some place previously mentioned, e.g., .1: i| ffi }& # the Shanghai district. 6. t'ff, a section. Also applied to a body of soldiers. See below, gj ^ and f 3S fit 1CI Jill T ^ it was owing to Yuan-shi-k'ai's troops .... tESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WEKT.I. * Mrwif i* >! /pll -tr /rn rl IS IS There was fighting in all parts of the Forbidden City at half past ten p.m. This mutiny and its (attendant) evils has its origin simply in the desire to plunder. It appears that a certain company, the Third Brigade, has an evil notoriety. On this occasion, because they would not submit to the order to cut oil their queues, and anticipated that after Yuan-shi-k'ai had been South he would disband the soldiery, they took advantage of the opportunity to plunder, retaining ( the plunder) as provision for the future. i. frT: to be ; it is t'.iat: used in Wen-li as the equivalent of usually when some occasion for an action is given; hence "it was owing to." - IS JTii & it started because of the lessened issue of military pay (or rations). 3. Hi] is constantly found attached to a verb that finishes a sentence, and, though essential for style, scarcely needs (o be translated. See below jfij ;6f; ; and % fa fflj &: Standing alone it may introduce the conclusion of a conditional clause in correspondence with some, preceding word such as Sif, or be merely a conjunction " and ; " " but ; " " an 1 yet ; " etc., e.g. (J.^ ffi Jfi it seems right and yet it is wrong. 4. fit stationed at, in contrast to fi' living at or in. 5- ? !!'= Hii fv)] waiting the time and then moving, i.e., awaiting developments before taking action. 6. H -{ 53" $%. newspapers usually give the number of minutes, instead of, as in Mandarin, the quarter and half hours, e.g., -\- 1$ tf? gf. 7- fr&ffi see above. < v - J ! t - P-'l this occasion mutiny calamity's origin. The effect of the mutiny flft trouble, calamity) is tersely expressed by the two characters together. Hence in rendering such expressions into English it is oi't.n necessary to add certain words to fully express the meaning, jft like ;3 i' 1 Mandarin may often be rendered by ' the. 1 tESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 1* BR IE -tH IS MS M tt When they mutinied, the local rowdies also joined them, and set fire to various places in the city. At present the local officials have the situation well in hand and have found no difficulty in restoring order. I. ;ie to search into. This word is constantly used to introduce a statement or fresh sentence. So used, it indicates, not so much the act of searching into, but the result of such action, tind may be translated "It appears; " "it would seem; " "I find that;" etc. In some connections it simply marks the beginning of a sentence and need not be translated. 2. 5^ heretofore; indicates the leading characteristics, the usual state of things. 3- ^ J1R this, which is translated 'not to submit to,' includes the idea of 'non- acceptance ' owing to some latent feeling of the unreasonableness of the thing in question. The action is not accepted, a person does not feel happy in acquiescing in it. From JJ$ to ^ is all dependent on . the cut off queues order. 4- fTi H beforehand retained in their minds the idea that .... Here again all that lies between the verb ^ and ;"; is dependent on ;> and is sandwiched between them. 5. j'< this is the equivalent of |jfc in Mandarin and indicates the 'turn' of the sentence. 6. ffc . . . hT the kind of jjf plan ; scheme, is made descriptive by ;. ; it was a future-support plan, i.e., a plan by which they would have enough in hand to support themselves after they were disbanded later on. ~. >ft . . . -fr also with them united: here ~_ =thcm; it is used as a pronoun in both singular and plural senses. 8. # renders ife -}j '\f plural. 9- YJ" ft! has rule-disorder power, or authority. Here . indicates the kind of power possessed. Id lii at the em] of a sentence often acts as a full stop. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY READING LESSON I. An Embryo President. & =? W TOM IS; Life of Sun-yat-sen. 1. Sun-yat-sen, \vhosc life is sketched in this and the following Lessons, was elected Provisional President of the Chinese Republic at Nanking, December 29th, 1911. The Republic was proclaimed at Nanking, January ist, 1912. Later on, Sun retired from public life, and resigned the presi- dency to Yuan-shi-k'ai ^ [ f|, who holds the office until the convocation of the National Assembly. K<: I. PVl obscurely lived in the. fields; of lowly rustic origin. iff/, had grass and trees as companions. 3- ( . . . ft!!' followed the occupation of a farmer. 4. wi] . . . ;lh succeeded to his father's calling as a farmer. 5. W . . . %( I W is defined hy }\\ to use; to employ. This describes its force and use with sufficient accuracy in many connections ; it indicates the means employed to produce certain re.-ults, and may be translated by, "in what way;" "by what means;" etc., |l. f"I ft for what reason jfij and f caused him JS to be *A jfo hot blooded (ardent) '$. fa ' ft revolutionary, what caused him to become an ardent republican. 'j describes a class, people in a certain category, c.g.,^?^'^ philosophers ; ft- $'< '" scientists, etc., '-y-: fa to niter the decree of heaven, i.e., to overturn the decree by which the Manchns reigned : cp. ); ^ J fit Yin superseded the appointment of Hsia. ^]- in-licates the. agent and may be looked on in this and similar con- nections as forming part ot" the name or title. here merely introduces the 6. tlij ... yK according to Sun's o\vn statement, e and does not reed to be translated. 7. '$ sign of the past tense, J4" . . . ?^ had started a school. . I'./ wlii n he h;ul a little leisure. . . ifjci. lei irate'! people of the school of ITong and Yang. ?'K is used of ld certain sys'n ins or opinions e.g., post-millenarians T- ^f- & j'K ; for - : tl is I'v 'fj irl a schoolmaster who was associated with j in the T'ai-p'ing rebellion. 10. ^!JJ ?'K Set forth in detail. }!if is largely used in modern parlance with [$ io the sense uf " to lecture ; " " to address ; " ' to discourse upon." 7 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI =? E\)] l5 ffif ffif & ^ J^A #X\#A Hbi > 1. . him. . . . thought highly of him. 2. t(i prophesied that he would be a second Hong-hsiu-ch'ucn, the originator of the T'aip'ing Rebellion. 3. ^ ... jTii were not willing to go home but were tin is commonly used in correspondence with some other word, not .... but .... 4. ft hence, -ft . . . ^ bore a special reputation for resolution from early years. 5- 7k M by the time he was grown up he had imbibed the spirit of enlightenment to the full. $i tV] intelligent; enlightened; civilized; as opposed to $ *j$ rude ; barbarous. 6. S . . . ^ more than ever regarded himself as the Hong-hsiu-ch'iien of the present time. i increase -on a wider scale ^ introducing the object of ft f self promised, regarded himself as. 7- J8J X in the course of a few years ^ but in the end ..."$ had by exertion amassed a fortune. ' 8. }f} . . h;i lived in a condition of decay; was in poor circumstances. !,'} is applied to a state or condition. o. rf . . . Vi was truly pitiable, "nj" preceding certain words is m-arly the equivalent of 'able 'in Knglish, e.e , 'nf J? pit'able : nf u eatable; etc. io, iV 'L then-upon sent a letter to call him J!J $ by means of a letter; invited him by letter. n. i5 . . . >' ; 'i ; . a >cho, >1 organi/.ed by a Christian pastor. i_>. ''{-. . . . -ft tin.-i.lly was ijiilncnccd by it and liecame a Christian jlfj f% and became f]* . . . ft one wlio believed in Christianity. I ,3- frl fill fi'j 5L A/ 'ft '.'H fS regarded him and his brother as the source of the trouble. 8 LlySSONS IM" ELEMENTARY *8 H A & US :t BB ^ 1ft Ji -b 1- ^P . fa were eager to be on good terms with him. 2 - & *& full of knowledge and ability. 3. 'aj: . . . Rft whenever he set forth plans for benefiting society and the people . . . . '*%: each,=every time ; whenever. 4- ffi. M more by the villagers him respected was held in greater esteem by the villagers. This use of . roughly corresponds to the use of the pronoun in old English when it follows the noun, e.g., Robert Jones his mark ; for J. E. Robinson his sake. 5. ^ used in Wen-li for S". or in this case 3 s . 6. n . . . iiii . . . 55> . . . jlij . . . ^ here JU = to employ, or colloquially " to take," a pf '| : - youth of sixteen or seventeen fifi and (consider him) able to occupy this position ^p is also -Jg lift entirely without (precedent) 2 is used as an intensitive particle exceedingly : etc., jljj or else $< seek an education. l.v iiil" LL 'only this and nothing m^rc ' this was all thru was needed. Sec below 3i jf; A jfij ti '"' one luu Sun. 14. [] . . . ty. doubtless all along ha.! had a desire for medical studies. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. tjgg< jiff I IfJiA M 5 M 3 \ i~*^- 1 1 1 j > of ,-fr jS rfn fr n 1. "fife ift had no other desire. 2. $fc . . . ?$ hence he had the reputation of being a diligent student. 3. $}: . . . HfJ when every Sunday came round every Sunday. !-. I'fi a week, but often used for the first day, Sunday. * 4. *F. . . . t^f in nothing niggard!}'; very open-handed. 5- ill Q. ^ h'kc this ; in this manner. 6. !R . . . JB the head of the School pleased with his ability, appointed him as School Assistant. ^ is largely used under the new regime as a designation of officers or those in charge. Ik his possessive has often, as here, an active sense = to act as ; $. refers to the place or person in question ; ft. % the school. 7. &E ... fill obtaining a salary he glj then, accordingly JU used it to ...... 8. 2fc . . . tils in the end graduated with honours !'J[ with@^ excellent; tip-top grade f{-. 2j finished studies 41 finished; in the end; finally; see below ?'{. || [i in the end stated that ..... 9. j*<. P^ ^Jacao. 10. S-H . 6 there was one Chen-peh followed him. 11. $%> "^-' ff confidential secretary. 12. H ft "ft The Triad Society Heaven, Earth, and Man. 13- ft # not c ^- as indicating a class the wealthy ft V'V ^j the poo". jffi . . . from this (fact) hence ..... but .... were jealous of ^ af l merely an English, not a Portuguese diploma. i2 15 evidence 14. fll /? him. *5- f '. i* ^ writing a diplomn. 16. i{l . . . -> crimpel him to give up his practic See Mandarin Primer, P 704. 10 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLJ. & JK m m us IP us n *t E 1. '}<... -Wl started the revolutionary movement on a large scale. 2. ~Jj . . . H$ recently while he was in Macao, ~Jj='Jj $|. 3. M* . . . S; Init at this stage ho gathered about him those of the same aim. 4- M ifc organised a secret society iffi 88 to organise ; jjtfc largely used of an association ; company ; society ; etc. 5. '& . . . -dl their programme was to overturn the Manchu dynasty and organ- ise and establish a united Chinese government. Q iil give a sense of finality to the sentence it was nothing short of. & at the end of a sentence is often the equiva- lent of ' ! '. 6. d iS those who were like-minded and already (members of) the society. ?. ffo . . . ?< and so his influence gradually became greater. LESSON II. i| - H " TOMMY w AFTER LOOT. s Bff.iF. 0, X T v # * oL The Mutiny at Peking. II. Mutiny broke out afresh among the military on the ist of the month at 5 p. in. to the north of the Forbidden City. The scene of last night's disturbance \vas all peaceful by 10 p. m. I. iS To happen. This word indicates the point of time, or the place where. fi ft .... JJK happened to ]. c the north of the Forbidden City: so jgj f,ff d^ RJ precisely at that time. - 1 . fit The whole: all. Used much as - -tTJ in Mandarin, as a sign of the plural ; fi; -f/f; >^ ; are alsu used in the same sense. -fi: $pj w< } )'ttlc, not tlie number of soldiers, is e main tiling. II Ajftt LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. M * o < A i o X^ A ~V* I f A \-$- 8 Yuan-shi-k'ai has offered a reward for the detection and appre- hension of the blackguards who incited to plunder. He has promised largess to the soldiers who exert themselves to maintain military discipline. Feng-tai, situated between Tientsin and Peking, is in a state of disorder. It is much to be feared that the mutiny there will have exceptional consequences. Although a fe\v foreign residences have been entered and plundered by lawless soldiery, still, up till now, there has been no hostility shewn to foreigners. Yuan-shi-k'ai has informed foreigners that he is profoundly distressed because of the alarm caused them by the disturbances. i- i'H it #'- notified that he would reward ; ft ^ notice of reward. 2. ^ muddy. Usually followed by such words as f[, -J&-, ffij, when it takes on the idea of stirring up to evil. 3. ?r . . . . ;fi should there be those among the military who. .}. JU . . . 5! here W, is a sign of the object and do^s not need to be translated. 5- fwj of the midst -.= between : here ,t is descriptive. 6. ^| : . is a distinctively YVen-li word though used in certain connections in Mandarin, and negatives the word or statement it precedes. J|i 't$ not common ; extraordinary. /. Sff marking a condition though ; granting; etc. must, contrary to English usage, have an antecedent; The residences of foreigners though. . .The same applies In IV<; and. in many cases to f'r ; it is better to write A ?? ^ "i'i" than # A /f' It for, if people are not willing. 12 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY *a ffl ffi B W*-^l fts mffi&w He further says that he has now taken special precautions that there shall be no further cause for anxiety. It was evident this morning that the houses that have been destroyed in various places number several hundreds. In the main thoroughfares the different shops had been completely cleared out of their valuable contents by the rowdies. It was 3 o'clock this morning before firing ceased, and people are very apprehensive that there will be a repetition of the troubles to-night. According to most reliable information, and the talk in official circles, the outbreak was owing to mutineers of the third division of Yuan-shi-k'ai's brigade hearing that he was about to go South, i. m to stated m- 2. & now ; already. ~& i j used to indicate time present ; and also as a particle at the beginning of a sentence : $ ft it appears that. 3 I'j" M- again not there will m>t ac'ain be. 4. <# as a sign of the passive, is very commonly employed before verbs which indicate violence or evil of >ome land, as here gfc fi that which was destroyed. 5- iiSi" .''J? completely by the rowdies plundered quite empty: cp. English to make a clean sweep of. ^ sign of the passive. 6. rf -" ,fj till .5 o'clock this morning began to cease ; it was ,} o'clock before it ceased. $f; to begin. f(f; in \Ven-li is nearly the equivalent of %.% and may be trans- lated 'before.' 7. \\'- in this connection is inn the same as fj& though th<.\ arc often inter- changed in Colloquial, fj; has an active sense as in ft \\- ; j i\. : see below ffr 5 ^v jfc the noise of great firing began. 8. [$ According to. This may !v separated from the noun to which it refers by a long or short explanatory clause: lure M- nf $*\ completely to be depended on, describes the ( M ~ ,Q % news; infurmation. action ; e.g. Yf yc i|i the sphere of officialism : V'{ rcial circles ; etc. ii m. a > > it ra \ Z" 3-0 S ft 55 7o*fl 0* Uff! W ift is a T it it E si ,m fr & ^ T and that ere long the soldiers would be disbanded. Rations had already been issued to them, but they demanded pay, and were not willing" to obey the command to cut off the queue. When the disturbance was at its height, the city police let matters take their course, and made no attempt to check them; hence the disturbance assumed a serious aspect, and it was impossible to rectify matters. After the mutiny started, the Legation guards went into the city without delay to protect the missionaries and escort ! % 18 =it ^ n ^'s and similar connections -$ forms part of the noun. So used it often helps to form abstract nouns: e.g. ^ $3 antiquity; ;=$ ^g- perfection; f/J: -ft nature ; etc. 2. According to present arrangements, one ^ consists of 200 men. Four times this number form a ^ or body of 800 men ; twice this number a i^5 or body of 1,600 men ; while twice this number again form a $t 3,200 men (see below f/|5 ~f s$ pf|[). An > is formed of two ]$, each of which is composed of 100 men, while each )^ is composed of four $] or squad of 25 men. 3. $J indicating approximate future was about to. 4- 3? ffi. they. 5. H and further. 6. 55 has nearly the force of 'to obey' ; cp. take orders. ^ 35 usually carries with it the thought of lack of submission owing to some real or fancied indignity. 7- If'S i' 1 the 4th tone to permit ; to allow. 8. :fl; a pro: oun largely used in the third person, he; them; etc., may be applied to things as well as persons, ard is not usually followed by any word to indicate the plural. ?j$ . . . $fi suffered (the disturbances) to be natural to take their natural course. 9- ^ ?Jtl S PJt did not add hindrance, i.e., did nothing to hinder the rioters. in. jjV j'- To gather together; to repair; here, to put a stop to; to rectify matters. ii. ^ \ final particle adding force to what precedes, and indicating that ':!" thought has been fully expressed. 14 WALKER ST. LOUlJ MO. LESSONS IN EWiMJvNTARY If 4 If 3 ^* M SB Dt I J - " I rti Jw44 ^W l fH B jn* t A % 3* at tit them into the Legation Area. By 4 o'clock next morning all foreigners had taken refuge in the Legation. Some soldiers proceeded to the churches and were stationed there to look after such missionaries as were unwilling to enter the Legations. This morning the Foreign Office sent an official to the different Legations to apologize, and to say that merely a fe\v soldiers had mutinied on this occasion, and he would guarantee that there would be no further disturbance, etc. But why the 25,000 soldiers who r. V!& '$% blaze and issue; to flare up, applied to an outbreak; cp. apply the match to a train. ,v -'K. R. the next morning -)<. the next in order=-:|V .'".. 4- $(:" iuch misaionaries as \vere not willing, etc. 5- 4\ i'i' ; ^ there were some foreign S'.'ldiers. As here used fj" lias con- stantly the force of ' some,' even when not oinvlated with ^j-. See p. 16. is sometimes repented. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENU. IE ft T js II W #M* ffi IP * * ^ S^ a * , l 7/S* had not mutinied did not suppress the disturbance on the spot, the aforesaid official did not state. Yuan-shi-k'ai remained quietly in his residence at the Foreign Office. It is said that during the outbreak he escaped at once to the Legations. At that time the foreign soldiers entered the Legations. Several hundred of the rowdies conveyed their loot some distance outside the city, and some of Yuan's soldiers stored their plunder in his house. 2. fti] A law. As a particle it denotes consequence, one thing inferred from another. It also introduces the second of two clauses, e.g., Hi ^f [Xj ']i fllj 1> J KJi <$ ". if there is a national calamity the flag is lowered to express sympathy. It thus corresponds to ;y aivl, like it, rarely needs to be translated. 3- !l 98 to notify clearly. here is used as a verb. 4. ffy indicates that no change 1 as taken place, that matters remain as they were; in such connections it does not need to be translated. 5. j a certain person : ;$ | a certain one said ; it is said ; it is rumoured that may be separated from HJ by either a 6. -7- . . . il.'p in the time; during. simple or compound descriptive sentence. 7. gp the \Vcn-li equivalent of # indicating, promptness. ^- H ii? bore it on the shoulders ; took it away. 9. ;#...;$ note that a whole sentence lies between these two words: ^ff ^ some of fc'i ^ Yuan's soldiers '{f A stored up $J marking object of verb # ftt "Z. BS 4^7 plundered goods ^ 1M: g)L fv r t /S i ife i 11 Yuan-sh'i-k'ai's place of residence. This last clause illustrates the position of )ijj before the noun and not, as in English, after it the which dwelt in place; not the place in which he dwelt. 10. ffy fa was still in the work of plunder was still proceeding. 11. IE r were summarily executed. IE } is applied to the execution of offenders who are taken in the act and dealt with at once ; cp., $fc i| 3T. J executed on the spot. 16 I.KSSONS IN ELEMENTARY \VICNU. if & in ft & 8 # o8J ft ^ & * *** To* ^ 77 at ra - it 3 Ji] H>^i5; H jf:< -^ - M "*^ IB ' \ Jr^ j| I \ "T j ^Pr* sBf it a' On the ist, the whole city was still given up to plunder. Many rowdies have been beheaded. Up to the time of telegraphing, the loss by fire has reached the sum of 3,000,000 sterling. On the ist, at dusk, the troops of the 3rd CJicn of Yuan-shi- k'ai's division stationed near the Foreign Office suddenly mutinied, and the sound of heavy firing was heard. The mutineers then started operations in all parts, plundering, entering pawn-shops, and looting silver, gold, and valuables, discharging their ritles at the proprietors : the latter, in some places, resisted them and were prompt- ly shot or stabbed with the bayonet. The mutineers had quick- 1. $r. gold (coinage). 2. (?)} imitation nf English 'pound.' The same plan is adopted in writing of the coinage of other countries; e.g., ';,'(; /f,j rouble, etc. 3- iS & '-vasp-like arose applied to risings of rebels, operations of pirates, etc. 4- if $'( * there were several places; ^j" in such connections is often the equivalent of ' in '- -in some places. 5. !?nt's. The names of many papers published abroad arc in most cases merely transliterated, LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY . .. A Pi fiL S. KM IT > TP \ # a 7^ 51 w ^F -a *F * pi A if? -a- #j #. , ft $ n * *f * ft ift *E ?fi ft\i TpJ ^ 3 n % & m tH firing rifles and several hundred rounds of ammunition. The division of troops in which the outbreak started, looted and burned close to the residence of Mr. Morrison, the correspondent of the London Times. The whole of the district adjoining the main street of the Ha-ta Men was fired and looted to a deplorable extent. Out- side the Chien Men some thousand mutineers pillaged for several hours before they desisted. The soldiers who were to maintain order, together with the police, simply looked on. Later on, some of them also, together with coolies and a few thousand loafers, joined the mutineers in the work of looting and burning. Yuan-shi-k'ai, leading members of the government, and govern- ment documents are all safe. 1. |# l\ inquire officer; a reporter; one who gathers news. 2. f$j ^IJ $| .Morrison. It is the usual custom to transliterate the names of public persons from abroad rather than to give them Chinese and ,. 3- ft i the left hand near i.e., close by ; to the east of : ft indicates east and ;ff west, e.g., i!| ft Shantung; ilj 'j(\ Shansi : cp., the use of flff to indicate the South, e.g., li| iJ the south of the hill. JJr as a supcrlative=very : exceedingly ; it is largely sign of plural. g on with hands up their sleeves mere spectators. 'l ... 1(3] . . . # afterwards # . . . ^ there were some who . . . together with . . . together. It is not infrequent to find involved sentences inserted between {f and .ft. 10. ',V,- n coolies: used largely in the Xorth. 11. '^f. " iff j.-.j loafers with no occupation. 12. jf'X Vp government world J/f is now applied to a world within a world, -to the educational world; the political world; etc. 13. ' is applied to both men and things. 18 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. READING LESSON II. The Evolution of a President. flij Z 0, it,- w a A H A IB Illl m -ro Adventures of Sun-yat-sen. I- f! i& jfe the apostle of the movement. 2. ~fi . . . J$ some were taken in the meshes of the law. 3. ^ . . . 'iff could not endure the terrors inspired by the officials, glj and as a consequence ^ . . . JS all that which Sun did 1 ^ told it. 4. IL - . . i furthermore rejoiced and acknowledged it. 5- Q ? . E called him revolutionary mad. 6. JL. . . -& all those who. Clauses and sentences may lie between these two words. All like-minded patriots of a fervent spirit, who believed in and trusted Sun, continued to reinforce the revolutionary party tL ^ 4? ~*A they were not few. F& a 'l had a good word to say for the Revolution. . . . P$ those who heard of it liked it more and more. Q. fi& . - . *'!i merely propagate your principles and devise no plan for (secur- ing) the army and navy. 10. ^5 . . . tl how can the day arrive for setting up the flag of patriotism? II- * *?- otherwise will not your Revolution be nothing but empty talk that you will not make good? i|Ij to repair; to make good. W J'j IT >t but nothing l.ut . . . LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENU- ib E, J* A if M us , if tf- 1. !$.& Sun, owing to the fact that up to that time his influence was not sufficient Jil because. 2. jE . . . 2 not what may be accomplished by students it cannot be brought about by mere theorists. 3- J& Wi a class of desperate men are indispensable. 4. .i . . . ~/L to embrace revolutionary principles before it can be accomplished i l opinions ; policy. As a suffix i 3$ is nearly the equivalent of ' ism ; as $ Jfil ^ l Bismarckism a policy of blood and iron ; (l^ A i individualism ; etc. 5- M '!' Sun interrogated him as to his reason for saying so. 6. !... Jjb f r me to be as stupid as this. 7- 5 ... ft how could I adequately fill the post of leader? 8. ?F . . . #t I have decided on a plan. 9- S3 . - - * willing to be a follower |fc fg to hold a whip; to be a groom take a secondary place JU in order that I ... 10. Q{] . . . $jj will make preparations to go forward jg ft to go forward ; pro- gressive ; iS iiii to make preparations in advance. 11. 2S . . . fifr what our party hopes for is not the revolt ot Kwangtong only, ^ one section. U for, an introductory particle, now ; etc. pjj $J ;# that which we hope for. i^- 313 fi singly stand independent government. 1,3- 7 \". J] r ^ly entirely on the efforts of all the members of the party. 14. 7f ft f will he with the central revolutionary party, and with them be in communication with the branches (of the party) J mutual ; jointly ; i|i ^ central ; fj/fc ft main and branch blood vessels. 15. 6P A thereupon deputed ten kindred spirits to perfect all arrangements. JU . . . t'ii'i so as to perfect. ={$ all; here a sign of the plural. (![) [1 the same day; at once. 20 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 2 M P rfn &5 *J&gJRI T ffl.lt JiU - :t A.ffl' m ^ ii ; Hi IS t >isj It -it a E 1. [ft by; indicates direction. 2. '23 . . . i just at the time of the rupture between China and Japan i[ |jft just happened when . . . ft foreign intercourse #i 5^ decided to break; disagree- ment; rupture; used of breaking off friendly relations. 3. J&. and ; often may be translated when ; at the time ;.$!*;$...$ when i t came to the point that . . . ; when fighting seemed imminent .... 4. ft here is in correspondence with ~fo : Jk. . . . ft - - . {& - . . '$( then Sun returned to Kwangtong. 5- &!& he still entrusted all preparations for the rising to his compatriots jj 3$ the rising of patriotism fty W 31 as before took and deputed them. JU joined to some words can scarcely be translated, e.g., (jg JU able to fty A=ffy ft; etc. 6. }L }$ his brother was influenced by his talk. 7- #1 -fc contributed the larger half of his property JU in order to. 8. ft. . . J^C solicited contributions for him from the (Chinese) merchants in America fS] indicates object Jfc lodging in America temporarily settled there. 0. ~~ ife in less than no time promises of help to the extent of several thousand taels were forthcoming [(! . . . ft promise to subscribe what subscriptions. JO. ['| ... fIJ from this on funds for military purposes gradually came in. IT. ]p a final particle emphasizing what had gone before no mistake ! ffij" . . . 3-i but Sun's determination to raise funds and import arms did not ii'f - . . i'TI> to station his own company in Kwangchow as an advisory body. fa f9?, bis own company would act in correspondence from within (the fail. [4. # . . province) . 15. n as the result ; it root and branch. order to exterminate 21 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. In 39 Rf , X ffi A.jlfc iJ i- fct ^ to burn all registers of names, and bury all explosives. 2. Tl . . . $ and then disguised himself. 3. i^l . . . ^ inquired by letter for Dr Cantlie, who was his teacher when he was studying medicine, and informed him of his changed circumstances, ffc ff an instructor ; teacher, jjff @, #] Dr Cantlie, an authority on tropical diseases J-U intro- ducing the object his changed circumstances. 4. ^ . . . pj it is indispensable that. . . . 5- U * Japan. 6. $5 jS Yokohama. 7- 54: * *'J England. 8. 3 E follows an enumeration of places as sign of plural ; see above ^ $>. 22 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WKNLI. LESSON III. gR : "ARMS AND THE MAN I SING." IE ^ ^ # * 7,7, ffii rfii ffi ft itt>*ji &. i* 1C 5 x Gf ^^ ^^ ^^ if, rfti J >r> ^sc->-^g^\ ^xu\yu i ^ I* if iE f!5 ffi A A Talk About Soldiers. 1. The temper of soldiers is easy to arouse but difficult to allay. Hence, after the troops mutinied in Peking on the 29th, they again mutinied on the ist. The mutineers entered Paoting (Fu) and there was mutiny there ; they went to Tientsin and the same thing occurred. The train service between Peking and Tientsin was commandeered by them ; the district between these two places is a i- .^4 breath; spirit; temper. A word that takes on numberless shades of meaning in different connections : here, the spirit that animates troops their temper. 2. jfij but. This whole paragraph is an interesting study in the use and force of this word. As may be seen below, it often serves as a vehicle for connecting a train of thought, much as ' and ' in English. In the last clause it is the equivalent of flii H. and marks a stage in the progress of thought ; ffjj . . . -til at the same time notwithstanding the fact that the two sets of soldiers were animated by different motives . . . 3- 1*4 ... ~/L M ffii from . . . after . . . and f=flj to arrive, has often the force of 'on ' as applied to time, i.e., when such and such a time had arrived. 4- EC A a 'id below jjT ft:. It is difficult and perhaps unnecessary to bring out the force of jJC in a translation, but it illustrates the power of the language to characterize an action, and stamp it as good, bad, or indifferent. See Les>n II. & ft. 5. ,l ... I'M by them that which was forcibly taken -was forcibly taken by them. 6. -f{; . . . 'I 1 in midst of; often, as here, indicates a condition, or state of affairs. Mk -"% ift 3f Quarrels cannot escape tJie rcrdict oj public opinion. 3 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY ttJS - til 9k ft * VJ* -f '>J v "-J ^^ j ra k*i fef ^Cffii ft T\*? -1 4t6l A H 3? (ft A * tt m I rfii M ffii * ft battle field, and the city of Peking itself is almost in a state of siege by lawless soldiery. This mutiny is much the same as the revolution- ary movement in the South last year, but the one set of soldiers mutinied from patriotic motives, the other from motives of personal gain. All the same, the principle that soldiers are easily aroused and not easily got in hand is identical. Now the explanations given for the mutiny in the North vary. Some say it was because they heard that President Yuan was coming South ; others that it was because of the removal of the queue ; some that it was owing to deficiency in the rations ; some that it was for fear that the number of troops would afterwards be reduced, and others again that they were egged on by the Imperial Clan. Although the explanations vary as to what gave rise to the disturbances, and though there (may have been) causes for them, l - $k ~-%k -T- almost; nearly; rendered in the Mandarin translation by R& ^* perilously near. 2. $$ iiS{ nearly as *c . . . S| no difference. Wcn-li shews great partiality for finishing up a sentence with a negative when Mandarin would use a positive form, as here |$. 3. 1$ used for flfr only; but. 4. - - - U'J W $ "e fl'J a rhetorical particle not needing to be translated. W on account of A" i& great ratriotism. $. :X~ an initial particle, now. 6. ^ -ft what is said by way of explanation ; ^ not the same. 7- $ repeated before successive clauses some . . . others. . *fi fti President of a Republic. LKSSONS IN IvIvKMHNTAUV WKNIJ. * A ft $ ^ it W *,* ft 9k m m A T s s *,*. % m ft'-W K) tft j. - 4& *M ^ 1& E still \ve cannot j^et out of it that these \vere mere pretexts for creat- ing trouble. As to the Imperial Clan egging (the soldiers) on. their power is limited, and it is out of the question that it should he as great as this. 1 would say that the true cause was doubtless that the soldiers were absolutely devoid of instruction. Since the revolution began, the officers in command have been constantly changed. When the soldiers were lace to lace with the revolutionary torces. their desire to kill others was aroused and they became exceedingly overbearing. T. /$ to cut cut or nff : IKMKV, to reduce. -'. ?:{(! ... ${... jfij although . . . ami although . . . still, yet. j[|j sums up the whole and introduces the conclusion to be drawn. 3- 'f %"cannot avoid ; no yetting out of it. 4- fi!f *!& t" avail oneself of an extremity -used of disturbances ,U"t up on some pretext or otlu r. 5- r -li"ft fcr itii'j^ a> to, introducing an additional thought, o. \',l before a negative add> emphasis. /. '<('; . . . | ("like this of Ljreat. ft ]^. in thi> manner, ,'^_ descriptive. '^ .^ i-i'i e.\pre>siu;; the opinion of the writer of the article, o. . . . W ;iJ pa^cd the revolution since from the tune th- rf\oluti"ii i 'cc m red. 10. .] ;*ft nppMM.d rampart^ ; to taee the toe. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. JSl W ft P Jft - fit jfn A H, E Tfli ^ J* A^,^ -f& A ^ A It tf rfn ffii f^ A, A A ffB m & * i ft Formerly in the fighting at Hankow and elsewhere, they were allowed to loot, which was just to their liking. Among the Northern troops it was generally said that the Southern soldiers were easily roused; consequently, a deep-seated desire was indulged that righting would continue. Unexpectedly hostilities ceased, peace (was pro- claimed) and every one was disappointed. Hence there was imported both the talk about being egged on, and the pretext for a disturb- ance. All this was brought about owing to the fact that the officers do not know that the temper of the troops is a thing to be feared. Now the temper of the troops is like the wind act in conformity with its nature, and utilize it in the right way, and you may spread your sail and travel a thousand miles without hindrance ; act con- ! 8S $1 plundered that which they obtained; i.e., were allowed to loot. 2. #J all ; =J j'n all said it was the general talk. 3- ij ^ easy to arouse. 4- i& A hence f" @ . obtained because of this im this account. 5- JTti . . . and thus was brought about JU indicates the means used to fjf bring about, cause certain results; ;. the foregoing. ^ ... Pit one not that hindered not the slightest hindrance ; cp., fer pfj -Ji superior in no one respect. 26 UvSSOXS IX KMvMEXTARY \VT\XTJ. ft J ft IE 4- & ^ ig *$ * fi *vS Jit,* Hw i)^ }*i^ I * w J x ^ I i_J *^^ ^|^ \ (>*** + jio^i ^ s ft& ft II Xi J - t ft K J;/> \fi IE trnry to its nahirc and fail to utilize it in the ri^ht \vay, and you are within measurable distance of having your craft overturned. The temper of the troops in the North, having no outlet, has shewn itself in this excess of lawlessness. The cause of this outburst is, how- ever, trifling, and there being no great name ("to act as) a bond of union it will easilv spend itself, and may simply be styled a mutiny doing no great harm. Still it is to be hoped that the authorities will deal with it in a suitable manner, and within ten days it will settle itself. ' nj JA ?$ may he ('<;>. i 'if. respond .... siiiialily act as the circumstances demand. 4- '{>... l t "i) not iMitsid'- dnri-i'-i ten days- -about ten days. I,KSSONS IN KWvMKNTARY READING LESSON III. A f?P m ft PI iI n A President Duped. A B,E US' 1ft J6 H ft ft a is m A Jg Imprisonment of Sun-yat-sen. i- If fS it happened at that time. 2. ^f ilr the Fragrant Lasroon Hongkong. 3- fra Vi London. 4- J'S W iTI B meet with a leisure day; when he had leisure. 5. J$ . . . ft the Christian Church. 6. p| to speak: saying. ~. Hi! '?- are you not? -^ in this connection is a mark of intcrrogation=F|J. It is also used as a final particle; or adds force, or is the equivalent of fj* or ; in, at. vSee below |35j pi ^-. ;^| in direct address 'You, sir.' ?lt ^ not tasted till now have not had ..... o. /^ . . . JI did not expect to meet you in a strange land. 10. J'J. . . . *p- l.y means of coarse tea ^ may avail to fijl . . . '[^ shew the sincer- ity of my re>iiect. nf-^-h'iw \vill lln's do? that I may slu-w my good wishes and sincerity by otttring yi >\\ ^-"nie l'-a. 11. _ . . . H? a room in a 1 wrieil building. 12. ty% . . . ^ several li'itu> of; a long'time. 28 WESSONS IN KUvMKNTARY WKNTJ. ffi ft i rifc a f ij fe m ft W B,S& II WM era M Jfc %> jib ^ ftf in 0,^ 3 ^ ifi jHs JKl Bf ,0 ^ jlfc IS ^ A A ^ J1S t ^ ft ffli 75 i. ttU . . . iil he thereupon (found that) it was the Chinese Embassy in England. 5l =:i >t H! England. In the transliteration of the names of places, the first character often stands for the whole. -. T& . . . ^ am I after all taken prisoner by them? fit nia .v he either singular or plural according to the connection, -^j- is chiefly used in the singular. 3. 5'i . . . SJ8 with the professor's wife and others, or family. 5^ a class; kind ; is a sign of the plural here. So in ^ ^ we ; etc. 4. jig . . . E distant from . . . near, i.e., is not far from. 5- {$ ... fa what will you do? f>- $L %' the slaves, a term used in speaking of the Manchus. 7- M ffi Sun knew by this time the nearness of the professor's house knew it was not far away. 8- #S . . . -& nevertheless, because he was not acquainted with the topography of London, he found at last that the previous 'chaff had turned now into a reality. #i here=*i jfn nevertheless :*$ as used above indicates assent that is so. 2fc suddenly. W . . . , iBc because of, owing to the fact that, he was not familiar with ti finally, in the end {. bad brought about, caused. |g )& bad turned into, had resulted in. ; after verbs has often the force of in ; into. 9. Q Hil in a short time. ro. }'fc thou ; thee ; you ; not very frequently used in current Wen-li. IT. -?f ...'{& because we received a telegram from the Chinese Embassy in 3C; t$ America. J -- JB fiSf apprehend without delay. 13- 3 A (the old man) spoke in a way that shewed contempt. 3 I,KSSONS IX KT.KMKNTARV ^ a g JSl H ilJ& ,M us ffi m ffi 4 H ?5c A 75 ^ SI A 3? a t -??r */v *fe w i J:r& pt la. /v im F-l* ft it =? -a. ft A 1. J: . . . ?(? presented a petition to the Emperor. 2. it . . . Jf the words (of the petition) were of "Teat value, so the Emperor has commanded that you should be returned to your native land, and make your scheme clear, lif! much ; very, jiff /)' much had were of great f^ f^ value. 3- U . . . ^ and became more than ever conscious of the danger of his posi- tion s'i? more and more. 4- nf'i 3/. to stand on the lookout, like a wile! goose. 5- !' ^h after all there was no means of communicating with the outside world. 6. !$...#... -ill the " I1C who deceived Sun. and so got him into the Legation was one T'ang. $c shews the result of ^. When ii is inadvisable to give a person's name in full ^ is used instead. 7. E tJl ( '' c without regret. 8. ffi\ . . . ?$ like a monkey with a bridle on. 9- ~Ji. ll\\ China. Largel\- used in Chinese newspa])ers and in books written in Japan. 10. |,'', 1 . . . J 1 ?. took no notice of him. It. ,'S> . . . "|lj" thought about it constantly. 12. ^ ... ^j" ... flj huped that amour.- the passers-by someone would deliver it for him to Dr. Cantlie. 13. ffl; n ... T 7 ; W ... but because an (Miijity letter would not carry far. he used a copper coin. V substantial, here used as a verb, to fill; to load JK i|i wrap])c(l it up in it. 14. kn ," # i'l this way. 1^- $. li'( he then wrapi>cd up a silver coin and ilnnc; it as before. vSSONS IN KUiMKNTAKY WKNU- ffi ft *U 3 s . # K US il\*f *&z&j&m iiJt tin =? %. 4 in 19; E si S3'?* 2. ^^-h IS m ft m & A 1. K . . . f;ij but, notwithstanding, not one reached Dr. Cantlie. 2. ^ owing to the fact that . . . MC from this on they guarded him much more closely. J attitude 3- t towards. 4. S? . . . devise some means of doing away with him. 5- -/I/I If" aching heart and drooping head despondent. 6. fin . . . ijj and so it should come about that he would be buried in a land v/hcre his hopes were blasted. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENL1. LESSON IV. U IS "TSMMY" TURNED DOWN. at ai t The Northern Expeditionary Force Cancelled by the Vice-President. A notification from the Generalissimo of the forces. Formerly before the abdication of the Manchus, for the reason that the Northern army naturally regarded our army as (existing) to 1. lj second in command, hence 'vice.' The iirst Vice-President of the Chinese Republic, Li-yuan-hung 3g 7!' $t. 2. fJc an expedition openly prepared, in contrast with Hi a secret attack. 3. $Sj . . . 0& These two characters begin and end the preamble to many official notifications, such as proclamations; and are also employed in some forms of official reply, petitions, etc. Between them ma}' lie a simple or elaborate form of words setting forth as a preamble the subject in hand. Such documents begin with the name of the writer, followed, if need be, by his title or titles. This at least was the case under the old regime, but it would almost appear from certain official docu- ments issued under the Republic, that official titles will be more or less discontinued. The word ^ is now largely used and appears to be a word intended to reduce titles and ranks to something nearer a common denominator, on the principle of priority among equals. . on account of 4$ a matter then follow the character and details of the 'matter' inserted in an explanatory way between them. f$ to announce ; );n to know to make known. 4- fii! i?f These words art- usually found at the beginning of proclamations, and may be translated 'whereas ;' 'be it known.' Then follows a detailed account of the matter in hand. 5. J5 tS & for . . . the reason. Here again characters that serve as connectives, linking the thought, are separated by a long distance, and the matters to which they refer are sandwiched between them. JS on account of jf f| overturn- ing 81 ffi Manchurian Pure (dynasty; ;' evil j& ;fr government fy i alter and establish, i.e., change the old regime and set up *,' ^ perfect 3$ >fll united & |$j people's kingdom republic JQ l,j the reason or object the reason was all that lies between {# fjij and *{ the overthrow of the Manchus and establishment of a Republic. A $1 ^ H. If a ninn is poor /us i if n horse is lean its liair is long, is short I,KSSO\S IN KI.KMKNTAKY WKXJ.I. it a K it A'J J, B ^ 1 IJ I ft ' * MM . ti ;^ ./" *^ n\orthro\\' ihc (lctc^tal)K' Mancliu ( \o\ -eminent and establish in it> place a perfect l\e]>ul.)lic. \\ e were apprehensive tliat the ]>eace negotiations would prove abortive. Accordingly we swore that we would send an expedition to the Xurth, in the hope that we should thoroughly exterminate (the Manchns) and reali/e our aim of a united Republic. \o\\-. however, the Republic is an accomplished tact: the I' res- ident is elected, and there is no division between Xorth and South. Since the hopes our army had of having a united government are peacefully reali/ed. and ;| knoxvlfduc ni" wha'. i\-i'rntl> hapiioiicd a cuiisultation l>ct\vcrii tin- \lap.chus and the Repulilicaiir-. li illu>trate- llie need of reading tliroii.iih similar duouiiiciits once or twice before ln'uinnin.u to translate them, in order t" sec the di\i-ions ,,\ the suhject. where it i\ ad\i^al>!e lo commence a new paragraph, etc. -'. I'l. . . . iilj her.' ;V. jl|| to-ether in the hop 1 - 'l^ 1 ty- 'i* fi? '-''< pioU^h o\ r f the hulls and sweep away the graves -oxterininate thoruujihl} 't? reach |^ gathered into one j'i fll united [\'- D*J ;>. people^' eountry |j f|!j aim Tliis last is one of the ncwK tornied expressions that has passed into common use: ii may lie translated aim; the ideal .set heforc the mind. ,v ^ f^t ...]> |*t ... these mark the progress ,,i the w riler's llioii.ulu 'seeing that . . .' and ' also that '....%% ',( decided on. |. )''( . . . f'J 'hat \\lnch iMiihrac'-d ;'^ descriptix ;,-{ \^ [utrpusi-; l^adm,^ idea; polio a linn iliat lias ,-.imr Breath into \nmio during the I'.-i fe\\ \ears ij? j-i] reachvcl : attained. rn l.KSSOXS IX KI.OII'.XTARY WF.XI.t. ~T *o ft l^.itt r* JE tr* IT * ft the \x-ry lirst is attained, lighting is at an end, and the great purpose is achieved, the name Northern Expedition should, as a n- : itter words 'Northern Expedition,' that names may correspond with realities. An important annou icement. i. J5f jit this is a formal beginning after the main subject of the proclamation has been dealt with this being" the case -the facts being" so and so: therefore. . . . -' f$ 1V to announce and expect : "on this account it is expected that." .3- $J -Jt here ift introduce- the object ;|ii (!<; the two words, ' Northern Expedition.' 4. n ' so that jM reuulate; rectify : ^ the name (and ) '$ the reality. READING LESSON IV. t -H- Jl A President Caged. Fr If ffi IE ^ -t r2 JE Sf j! m =f ffi it iili n ..K ii.nt is Sun-yat-sen in Confinement. jM nnui\ : liei'e. mi l.>al>!e.lh f,'j' $(, ft a l>elie\er in religi"' 1 . -f? . . . i,-} at tin's stage e.juld dn nothing but pray c. nitinuallx . sj; . . . .iV all. entiivh I'/ ip.tr. "Ineing the ..lijed 'i - r=r life f| if- ]' banded. Oi.d. if( i!j siiddei i a heart and .-pint at ea.se. !! ]Sn Vl ' r > dil'ferent fr.nn bis f, irmer attitude t.i ihe .situation. ^ . . {(IJ . . '& and since In calml> \\aited ih< disp, ,,j| i,,n- of I 'rovidence. 7. r - J - L 7 . LESSONS IX KL.KMKXTAKV \VKXI.I. z z am 1*1 jfc "ft tTBf $ it fiUfr H Sn S &M W M jg,ffi a HjS # h m % ft ft ft IK .-BJR A3S & V-^M z -ft A & -f- 5^ & a tig "^-^ Ifc 7ic jiX A. v& 2lv /&* xv h trratmoi'.t a'il sla'.i.ubtcr. hi -uol; i-onslrurtioii-, \\ heiv the inlliciion of puni^hni'.'in or injuru'S i< rcfiTv-d '.. -t i- vcr\ i-ouinioii for J'j to follow f/naml to iK-IH.tO thr ..l.irot. ^- ^ . Ji \\ hat i lia\'c inrt \\ nh i- of ;, -imilar ki'ul. 'i. J'{ j{ t't alter for -o,,(1; to n -form. in. V/v . . . fi'f the attitude cif th' l-'-'u'i-li touard-- tlu- \rnu ::ian.- \\a.- olio i>f ->inpa!h\. ' 1> J or ')] ' : .'- i^ o>min>M,l\ u->cd in tlu- -i-n-i- of. :iuiuid<- toward: tlv point Di vu-u from \v!iioh -onu-thint.' i- n-i_;anK-d. 1 r - i 1 ^ - U'f i' miyht excite p",l)!ie indignation. i-'. J\ . . ';,v . . . 'y \vhiiMi i-- thi- more importaiit. \our i|ut\ to\\-;ird (',,,,1 ,.] '.our duty to\\ard \our master ': Lv i'V T- i' 1 '-vhieh direction \\-il' \ ou ~lu \\ -\ nmath' : i ! " ''?.' ,,!, the \vhole ca?e. 15. Vc - . JC lu-nci" 1 lie entru-r<-T =? m ^,* C ft,@t JJR * J ' re -T IT > I. ^ !.;': ll )( ' n<-\t me inline. -' In ,'J". l'iiittil In tin i-y jxiinti'n.y; 1" the iy>;i! -fiilili-. 3. '/? ;UK! ihcri-iipfin y)[; \\cnt In. _|. ||-' . . . fa thrit r.n \\hi-h Su;i'- life \v;is ilci'rpdciit. ^. ,!',-" . . . nj' nni>t \\riu- it hniL: mi ilu- hcd ;in ciitrajnic'l h\ nn a^riit nf \]-\<- C'hin<->c l-jnh.-issv. S. '{- |1 hcf' 'fi- I'ni.ir. 'I. JV. . . . '"[ I'ic-.k-cd mi it as a VCT\ serious i.ia.tti-r. KI. jTjj . . . |Tij ... ,1 took it out without delay and looked at it. I i. ,'t?j . . . -,'i'i because- your oase involve? my irovenipifnt. |nj with . . . it- in\ol T.I'.SSOXS IX RLKMKN'TAUY \VK\IJ. "I Hi fr m ft ;t *T Jff ft A ii'i f JTr ifij 1$ fi'i 1ft m in IMS ^ jib ^ H ^t * US en n IT * -.t 5l in ft ^ ^ 'P m n ^ ?! 1! ^ ^ n 'C> m X Z fr m z m Fr ^ iili BIA .^ 3P ft.|E Jifc " X ^ ffi K If 7 ; j U H ffr ifu rfl -i/L ^t |* 1x Wf i. ,"f . . . 'i|'. littlr less ihan the siuvnur nf i ,o(K).i)oo suldiers. - ?Kl f.5" : s<.'li""l''l hinis'.'lf IM \vait (|ui\-t1y. .v | T- . . . JUJ .'il>' oxorti'd Iiiin-ii-lt" t" the iit'iio-t in lu-lp Snn. 4. Wi in this \va\ : at the same time . . . 5. J'J. . . . j,.Tj because it \\a- an imi>Mrt;mt matti-r. it was lie\Mnd the al>ilit\ \ ant t" W .'!'> spieiall;. i-iifiasi'od six detectives >nlel\ t" ferret "in this tnatter. to. J''. . . ^1- thiiikiiiL; that Sun had iin means nf escape, cnn-e'iueiiih did HI.I I a\ mucli attenti'Mi ( t" liim ) J7. J'^ i,5j t' > CMiisider. ti. !|.'j: ...']' issued a special ilhiMratk.n m the I,'.udiir : pa|ier>. i-'. HI -U 'ill |">litica! offender. i^. f*i . ?t fi'i>m thi- time tlii^ \\'as made puMic Sun'-- life was safi\ I.KSSOXS IX Kl.KMKXTARY WKXI.I. LESSON V. jj!R ft % WAYS AND MEANS. t A a* -'^J O iJ j / Rff i t / * * 11 A ifti *fr $ ft Bf.fi r-i xC B^ M A 'W. A *i A W /\ Article on Finance. The fact that at the pre.-eni time China is hard up, j> kno\\ n to all. At the time of the Revolution, there was a threat deficit in both public and private tund>. There was lo*,> bv burning, by ])lunder. by robbery, while of the remainder, >ome \vas used for purchasing arms. was greatly in excess of former expenditure, while, at the same time, the income, on account of the disorders, \\ as ^reai- 1\- reduced. o\vin^ to merchants losing trade, \\orknien bein^ out of l.Kssoxs T\ KLKMKXTAKY wr.xu. %k )& Av# & $K$c* -rf y^* 777 .AJ^ 1. If? T^fv ^vr |ti ^- TE yC* HE _L. y^. Jivl xs, IR ^ 4 Sf To* m HMHF / pffl XV x B r* T Mi 1ft, 1 HJ- T" ^ ) Wi -1^ z> f # 4 fc 1^1 T ' \H J J r/r. rti m ^i X M 2c M et a t 7 a T employment, aiul fanners liciii:^ deiirived of tlu-ir ocenj)atie said that all elas>es arc affected. At the ^ame time, in the present sitnatii'-n. the ne\\ Government must he maintained; the Mildiei's that ha\e been enli>ted cannot be disbanded, and the demands of those \vh'> in different parts need innds. mn>l be adequately responded to. in order to avoid L;Tave disturbances. Hence, thin^ bein^ a> thev are. ho\\ i-, u jiossible Li -i J.lvSSONJS IN KUiMKNTAKY \VKM.I. |r- . Jj X V -^ I J__T^ ^^*^ * _^^ WoB f T K ^\ X JS ft It' in ffB ^T ^ jtt f'3 n ai B ^ x' * ^ M ^ ^ M m m, IE 31 M. m m fa ^ ^ M -V hl ^-'^ T Ht? rJ.iii T Jft t E9 M ^ I! 4 ft ttt ffi ^ # to make satisfactory arran^x j iiK'iit> for the future \\ithout funds? \o\\ . since funds are indispensable, and there are none to IK- drawn froni either the upper <>r low or classes, there is only one way out of the dilemma, and that is to contract a foreign loan. On account of these things, to contract a foreign loan at the present time ha- well ni^h become a pre^sin^ matter. 'I.' he lirsl item- before the Government established at Nanking are the <|uc>tions of a l-'orei^'n Loan, the Hypothecation of the Man Yepint;- (works) and the Loan from the Russo-Chine.se l'>ank. On account of these things it has been more than once attacked on all sides by public opinion, and is in a dilemma. The first items, too. before the 5- i*; \\ Tin.- il:i!i \i|Miiu \\urks art 1 >iuiatc\ ince d' Miipcli. anl llu 1 Japaiu-sc \\riv \\iliiim i-> advaiict. 1 nt"]u-\ "ii llu'in. jij 1 t plc'hu : n>ual!\ l"i.'i" small >nni-. i^alsn app!i'-'l ii t'uml> ahanoi- tlu- Cu-ti MII-. rail\va\ s. i'li'. i'j 1 ^\ plolu^ iu m- nnnl> ailv:itiOf ii;a'k in all iln- inallrr> thai pnvrcK'. S. ;{r . . . ?':' (ii'iimit |.. advamv r ( r. r. & ^ a IB * til ir 1*1 ri z m * * M w w ft a tf A m z Government at Peking, when it makes a start, will be the questions of a Foreign Loan, the loan from the Four Nations' Syndicate, and the loan from the Sino-Belgian Bank. On account of this (latter item) there is also the protest of foreigners: (the Peking- Government) will also he in a dilemma. So that the question of a Foreign Loan is a very thorny one. At the present time, however, there is no getting out of it. Still, with the desire to contract a Forei;;'ii Loan, there should he on the one hand (an attempt) to satisfy public opinion, and on the other, to act in accordance with national sentiment. If it is merely a question of choosing the most convenient course, on the principle that hungry people are not particular, it will be sufficient either to prejudice the national interests, or else to spoil the whole affair. Fs there not need for caution ? ' $ Jt China and Belgian it. 1S1 I'-elgium. \ loan \\a> negotiated l>\ Ta-iu- shao-yi l,tf ^'i 1& "ii terms regarded as prejndic ; ,i! to the intercuts of the Four Xation^' Syndicate, hence ft fj below. - ? II 1 ) -'> that ; still. .v ^ f'f t^, ii" help for it; unavoidable. (. I'"] . . . ''[' inside . . . outside: the interests and .sentiment of the country. 5. -i ; . '; to reach to; to come to the position of . . . , . small: indicator; the > on>eqneno .-> a liomv; oi greater <> I LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY READING LESSON V. 5 Royalty in the Orient. en T JIB * m A It RR.I& m A An Account of British Control in India. 1- $8 1^ to control ; to tie up. 2 - JS. $9 wind and tide the report and tide of revolution ; the news and effect of ... A comparatively new term used in the sense of 'disturbance,' and applied to ' rows ' got up in schools, etc. . . 3- $. 7k. reach to, like the far- reaching" effect of a wave. 4. jg . . . M according!}- after the coronation }}\\ ! added a crown to crown. 5. itf M to travel ; to tour. 6. #ij in accordance with precedent. /. All & shew favour toward. 8. H% the said; the aforesaid. This is commonly used in the documentary style, and in some cases is the equivalent of 'the.' gjj jj: J^ ffi the tributary people. Springing out of its meaning of 'should,' 'ought,' is the word 'proper,' e.g., | /ft the proper Board. 9- Ki. & in order to be had in remembrance. JO. & 3 the Liberal Government took the utmost advantage of the opportunity to carry out some most important reforms in the internal administration of India, ft [j JE ffr the Liberal Government. ' Freedom/ ^ & is not only used in an abstract sense, but also as a qualifying term ; e.g., freedom of the press ll\ UR ^ fi] : religious freedom S ^ $ |j| ; freedom of speech *= !& & fe ; etc. jflj $ profitably employed made the best use of. if- . . %& ^c ;> fy ?fL to carry out . . . important reforms. It is a help in long and involved sentences to find the object first and then turn to the attributive words later, j'-j fa inside rule. $g a superlative, most ^ great. ii' .$" . . . & the idea was to control public sentiment, lest the Indians should plot rebellion with a view to throwing off their bonds and becoming independent. JU . . . ffi so that by $| $ tying up, controlling #1 fj'j public feeling . . . ^ they the people of India $c to desire to: to have something in view. 12. U(t recently: in flf. f] \estcrday PJ-: indicates a delinite point of lime, but it is not infrequently used in the beiise of recent; e.g., Pi-- ff,! f$- last week, is found in newspaper writing. I.}. f:|J . . T the Vicerox of India T:|J ft India; Lord Harding ffi T- 14. ftn "J as below- as fallows. \\'heii particulars are given, beginning with the next column ill >t 'at the left' is cuiiimonly iiacd. IN T KTJvXfKXTARY \\TvNTJ. ^ a 2.M ill wmz A wm&&n m = A academic's; schools. -' ^- fft" Indian soldiers and officers may have an equal right with the Knglish to receive the Victoria Cross, fff- { M obtain with )t A the Knglish tB Tf equ.'il .urade ^ "^ ^ ?'J ffi. \"ictoria |;)j ?;'.; order of jnerit. ^ usually used in the sense of power or authority, here indicates 'the right to': so also in the expression fl| ?IJ rights and privileges. 3- & 5. Delhi. 4- T flf W } Calcutta. 5. n[J . . . fll the people of India regarded (the moving of the capital) with great dislike. 6. fty . . . f$ to make Delhi the capital has an important bearing on the religions of India. , l i\ ${ to think, is used as a suffix, much as ' ism ' the religious ' isms ' of India ; cp.. ft Ht ,'i\ .tH covetousne-s. t ?[|> head ; chief ; capita! ; tt often first in im; ortance, e.g., "ft" /f.f V'i" #$ ]iro\incial Capital and first District city ^f- $t religion; the religions world. 7. )K T W Bengal. iVi - f'lf 'fl the place of the placi- in which was situated the capital of India. ') 5J 1 jlfc divided the |>rovince into two divisions. The Indians were up in arms against it. and the assassinations in the subsequent years have had their origin in this act. )$ & rose in ilocks all rose J^ "$\ to oppose used also in a parliamentary sense 'the Opposition.' H# secret ur.irdi-r: to assassinate; ]'{( I/* fountain in to originate in. 10. A ... lit ... ftf\ . . iTli yi. . . . M . . . W K . . . Y.<- since the capital is transferred to Delhi, Calcutta will not be governed directly by the Viceroy, but there will be a Council. Tt is also promised that the province will again be unified, in the hope that this will remove any evil feelings of the populace against the Knglish. n introducing the object ~ft M the capital |V(; . . . {Ilj since then j|"{ |g direct!} connected (in contrast with f"J -\% imlirectl} connected) ,/> by $?, j'f apiilied in China nnd.-r the Manchus tn a C.ovi rnor C.eneral, in coiitrast to 5f one pro\-jnce onl\ f,\\ n and nn]iloying. making u-e <.f J| jj ^ ff local council. Jfc )j place: often local, e g.. Jfe -J; *$? local officials n *% in the hop,- that jfj - cancel ; remove. I/I3SSONS IN JvTvKMKNTARY WKNTJ en m,i? ffn rs J$ PJuA lit f I en A 1. AL A a 'l ()1 " t' 1 ' 5 ' s > i' 1 the first place, in order to stand well with the Hindoos ; and in the next place, to stand well with the Mohammedans. Is now, a rhetorical particle -on the one hand JU j| in order to be regarded favourably IS] A Mohammedans. 2. ^ .... Ill it is the idea of the Liberal Government to treat India as it treats Canada and Australia, ft |!| freedom, liberty $C has in view. JU ffi . . . . & to employ the same treatment . . . I/& )fc to bestow, grant it to H|J ) India |j|| < ^ Canada. J^ fJj-l Australia. 3 f$ - . . '.j the most important point in this reform is the fjuestion of the autonomy of Bengal, jft SA the most important point, f/, has been adopted by recent writers, in the sense of 'point' as applied to some subject or part of a subject, e.g., j< Vj; the extreme point, ft bring into lim- or harmonious cooperation. 5. jfr . . . l } i if we anal\>.e the reason wh\ tin- Viceroy of India was disliked by the peple. it duubtless was because be had local administration in addition to his (proper) oftice. 4'i !?,( to push back to the origin--to find out the real reason; to analyse. ' f,H to ha\e tlie management or administration of some office beside one's own. '.' f!ij ~5\ lu-ngal was made the same as the other provinces of India, a separate < lovernor appointed, and a local Council given to help him; P.engal. since it would have the power of self-government (would make it possible) for the Viceroy oi India to avoid coining into collision by direct contact, and also preserve his dignity as the representative of all India, as well as escape the o.mplications of direct adminstration. fill other; another JU . . . $ ','L 1'ifl I'".- emplov ... to lie to to him a help. ^ -^ wou'd nn| need to come to the point nf . . . i- k't . ff: has an important bearing on the hii Inilia. 45 LESSONS IN KT.KMKXTARY \VKNTJ. # -t^K | - I. this reform. 31 there is absolutely no such thing as their being displeased at ; , . . . Jg certainly no . . . principle. -. iK ... iffi 'is to practical advantages they are more than welcome to the whole of India, -fc tf> as to: so far as . . . W |^> practical, as opposed to theoretical $; i3J gladly welcomed. 3- ffl d? distant from. 4- US HI extremely difficult to gather all together. 5- K til there is no comparison between Calcutta and the advantages of intercourse between 500,000,000 of people; ^ is used for 1,000,000. and ta for 100,000 in some styles of writing, whereas in speaking $5 is the unit of calculation. ^. . . . $ not with . . may be compared no comparison between . . . and ..... 6. This most recent and greatest reform of the Liberal Government had its origin in Lord Hardinge, the Viceroy of India. ~fc ^ had its root in; originated with . . . /. lit ... ^ the relation of this to the management of the dependencies of England, is regarded differently by Liberals and Conservatives; and both have reason on their side. At present it is extremely difficult to say which is right. In this lies the permanence or destruction, the prosperity <>r decline of England. ?J relation to. &$ [& each grasps one statement. ^ ? not arrived before the thing comes to pass $ very ; extremely ijft j|R|. to know beforehand. tf. f'l . . . iil the spirit, courage, and discrimination shewn by the Liberal Government in boldly shouldering such a responsibility is unequalled. 1 finally a particle scarcely needing to be translated. $e * tfj #& boldly, decidedly. * is often the equivalent of ' ly ' in siicli adverbs TH the above, -ff ^ XT & til all there is not may be reached unequalled. 4 6 I.KSSONS ix KLKMK \TAKV WKNU. 6 LESSON VI. as THE QUALITY OF MERCY. IE ft HB H ffi I =fe *ifci u 7! I-J W ^ P g 1I * Tt; A H IE m Protest against a General Pardon granted by President Yuan. A communication from the Director of the Shanghai School of Military Law to the General Director \Yu. Yesterday 1 saw in the newspaper that President Yuan had granted a general pardon to criminals. It briefly mentioned that all offences committed before the loth of the 3rd month of the 1st year of the Republic, with the exception of clear cases of murder and robbery with violence, would not be proceeded with. ! -ft $; opposition discussion, as opposed to >V |{5 opposition 1>> physical force. - ff. \'# to send ... a letter or \vritiny. 3- '< $1 j\ H formal introductory phrase indicating respect, scarcely needing to be translated. Other forms are j fi>. ft : & ft ', jg gi & ', I respectfully inform you. 4. !"$ - # \vith the exception of . . . This combination is employed as here when all details are set forth between ] an 1 f> and also in proclamations where all that lies between indicates some definite action, in addition to that named in the early part of the document. 5. ~2, *f\ two items; it is not uncommon to add the number of tilings enumer- ated at the close of an enumeration. ( J- ^ W; This need not be translated, as it merely marks the end of the quotation from the newspaper. In this case the tenor of the article referred to is given; in other cases the quotation may be given in full. Similar expressions found in formal correspondence (usually official') are -^ (5 such reasons; $' ta 1 or -Jf & such circumstances ; T i\i Mich matters ; '# ,;V] such charges. A ^ :J ^ Tu fort* i i t <>//ii-rs is not /oily. A7 6 IN l&KMENTAKY A * MSi-tf t*rf TJ? S^ffi ss' _ . ^^ ' 1 }||j J? ttSi 4 a Mi #t affl Bf * a * I ir ^ E 4- i? m fft ffii On investigating the Institutes (which relate to granting) general and special pardon, special pardons doubtless are granted by sovereigns in the exercise of their great authority, and it's true that such things are constantly heard of under autocratic governments. But (looked at) from the side of the injured p.iri.y, and in consid- eration of the principles of law, can it be said to b^ just? Besides, all the laws of a Republic should be publicly accepted by the people generally, before being published by authority. Although at the present time the laws of the land are not framed, and uniform procedure is still lacking, the foundations of the Republic are already laid. But is it permissible for the individual to commit a breach of the common law of the Republic because of his kindly feeling? 1. ~t\ 3r. u sovereign. 2. ]t ilJ sole rule; autocracy. 3. [] assuredly; it's true that; this no t is ... 4. H. . . . [!fj constantly there is that which is heard ll-ll ?. 5- Sfc . iffifheregJfc is nearly the equivalent of pf{ 'concerning"; "in relation to"; and so used may be followed by f$ or ^ etc., from the point of view of $ -ft ~ft the injured party. 6. g'[5 an interjection expressing surprise who would have? how can it be? T^-S- ^ fail"; equitable. 7- fcJI .? #&?/ furthermore should be . . . before .... tf. ^ fil united; republican; the term applied to China united under a Republican form of government. M here is an interrogative particle. i^- *s8c 8 to break and ruin; often tiscd for a breach of neutrality; etc. 4 8 T\vin till.- and iK-nccforth. tfe=t T from m>\v on. -' US 1 applied to the gnvennont pending the final settlement of procedure, etc. Ki ll f5( fff Provisional Government. .;. 5$j ?i \v:!(K'rnoss rule a rule that does not follow tlu- ordinary course. So 'i'f ?f| ' \vild fowl,' applied to something outside regular procedure. 4- iH 5^i the orthodox pattern: formal : applied to thing-; done in a repular way, according to an approved standard. T- ^ ~Z- w 'l' -''1^ follow in the footsteps and carry out ;. this irregular rule: |Vt ... ill] ... ^ ... |T.j . , . ,t. ''. IS f*J lead and regard this as a rule -will adopt this as a precedent. 7- M . . . fi" those who 'oak out of the net -who escape ft frl the meshes of the law. S. f?: . . . K guarantee not make had the people; i.e., it will he difficult to ensure that the people will not do rvil under such a state of things. [i here seems to he used verhally -to make had, instead of in it* rsiial sense of had : vicious o. $1 'i$ to ivuulate; to keep in order 10. 'ft ;";j 10 announce: to proclaim. IF. '[, K all thoM.> not life rolihor-, the different crim;pal< in prison ^ ;, abbreviated from A ; p fi!\ V^ ahovc. fo here has a distributive force, each and all. 49 6 UvSSONS IN KT,KArivNTARY WtfNLJ. n ft 4? m m t I IX* IH_^ m'm&& JL X2. ;rl *.* lit Bt ^ ib 9 RH - |g "^ & <, |si\. *(** ZC > at ^ ^ iP robbers, should, in accordance with it, be set free and regain their liberty. Since this is in opposition to the spirit of a country ruled by law, and is a return to the old practice of autocratic government, I apprehend it should not be issued by a Republic. Bearing in mind the fact that you have travelled in Europe and America, are an eminent member of the legal profession, and have been placed in sole charge of the legal administration, and so must have some enlightened views on the subject, I venture first to address you, and hope for a reply giving a decision that will be something to go by. Great is my felicity. I remain Yours respect fully T. ?.... ft 1 ! 1 have a ruled-country's spirit ?J; VP under the control of regular law as opposed to the action of Yuan who lias acted independently ; fjf f|i usually applied to persons in the sense of vigour, animation, is now commonly employed in speaking of the ' spirit ' of an institution, law, country, etc. -' 111 ?-t again walk in the autocratic government's old practice JQ applied to a course of conduct rather than to a physical act, e.g.. {Yj j?f} '1$ >{>$ recurring to the old practices. 3- ? 4V niy master -you. Honorific titles arc common in direct address to avoid the use of pronouns. js'Jj Europe; OG America. .\. ).T, . . . 4- are law studies exalted constellation -""{-stands for the constel- lation of the Dipper, hence, exalted. 5- H $8 administration. 0. $%, in relation to; as far as is concerned. 7- Jfl Si use boldness venture to make bold. (Vs; . $j ii"J to enquire by letter. '.) 3$. tr cut out and and reply to cut out, is applied to decisions etc., and carries the idea that the person in question has power to discriminate between things that differ. 10. J? . . . -2c a formal ending to a letter, "Yours respectfully."-^ may be prefaced by any suitable word, which varies according to the rank of the person addressed, e.g., f^t ! 1< to a tradesman, ~& -'fa to a scholar, etc. In some cases the time at which the communication is made is indicated, as 'f~ 2c 'noon peace.' 5 1,1;SSONS IN 1;U>MKNTAKY \\KNIJ. READING LESSON VI. Information About the Informer. uf- if giJ 8 us iE Was Cheng-pao a Spy ? (he) or not? ft ftf a Chinese spy. Af /{f |H. -' fr. - . . -$ the names of the petitioners and their places of residence arc set forth in detail, followed by the matters about which they petition, fft TC of Kiangsi Nanchen District and j ^ of . \nh\vei 9$ i District. The subject of the petition is the shooting of the Chinese spy fi'. ^J- ,?- -f'i ft handed in a petition to the Shanghai Military Governor (petition- ing that) he would clear up -the matter; ;f|J j to explain away. 4- "ft ... ^ all that lies between these characters is the language of the petitioners. ft ... tjq briefly to state why their dead friend suffered i|!jj$ fjJ] which they find it difficult to understand & . . . we beg you will announce it with full proofs, an 1 explain explicitly to the people (so as to) resolve their doubts. ;';'!] B}f( to open up clearly: to explain in detail. 5. y'/A ... A the Shanghai Military Governor Cli'en, yesterday, after receiving the petition, replied by letter to the two men I'eng and \\"ang. -)1|- to grasp : to receive a communication from a subordinate &j (U. letter replied -replied by letter. 0. l& . .. f we transcribe the letter below. $( original, often used retrospect- ivel.v. H after=lower down, in the following ci.mte.xi. from this on is the reply of the Military Governor, #[; -jf-. 7- &'& the case of the spy Cheng-pao lias been presented in a plaint and noted '-'f- one case -at law, follows the definition of the case in question. Jl ha> come to hand; .'u^ V: "7" (or ,,'if] ) a statement of a law case handed in to the official. S. JM . . . jlij . . . \Q openly professed to be a member of the Tong-nieiig v^ociety, while secretly contriving to injure (others) p}, light: i^ dark; used for h\ pocritical action -ju'etending' to be one thing while actually something else. -J~- l ; < handicraft, skill. ..skill in action, in either a good or bad sense. n - ,A ,'L allow me to set it forth for yon two gentlemen i I'eng and Wang) in detail. ,j\' to attempt I will attempt to .... 10. 'r .... # it appear> that Cheng-pao was a member of the Tnte'liu'ence 'Department of the < Twanfang. J: 1 , ,|:, to belong to: to be a nati\eof. Manchu Dynasty, known as the $ V-lj 1'ure Dynasty. gsj, tornierlv 'ft .1 -i'> frt> 6 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. Jh# ] - ft & enrolled himself as a mcmlier nf . . . - III? ^" Hih sole oliject was to spy out the inner workings oi" the Society, in urdor to inform the Manchus: lu-arly all the menihers ui' the Society knew that he was a spy. \%\ gij appears to lie an abbreviation for |^ , . . JU ^f> . . . ^lj with the exception of ... i.e., the only thin.y for which he entered the Society was . . . f& all ; has a prepositional force, to, in, etc. $% ffi .Yfanchu Chieftains, a term of contempt for the AJanchus 5tj nearly; almost. .}. ?JC . . . - 1, myself am also one of the witnesses; see below ^ fft. 4. !...'$ all these are the real facts. 5. >ffi Kanchow in Kiangsi. (y i'! Shanghai, so named from i]J jr. an old name for the \Vhangpoo. / '; i'K'i secretly accused Chiang-peh-ki and myself, and we were both in imminent danger of death /< 5"j!ij unfathomable, inscrutable, as death. 8. .'^ : ffi when the Revolution began to make headway, it was repeatedly set back ('through him). 9- ifl n-rf when the Revolution was an accomplished fact, Chc-ng-pao wrote me from Kiukiang, on the plea of tendering his services, fj l or %};, to offer for service and J acceded to his request, jj'j ^p- when: and then when, yt fli glory returned: applied to the restoration of the old order of things: sometimes written '& -;fc=thc Restoration. #,',' indulgent; lenient. JO. ]{\ . . . >b the real reason for asking him to come was a desire to punish him for being a traitor, and to strike terror into the hearts of the vacillating, pjj JU ? ft the ' inwardness ' of a thing; the why and the wherefore 'M eold ; to fear; here connected with >b to cau>e to fear; cp., 'to make one's blood run cold.' /-^ fij!| to turn from .side to side. )'^ f!(lj ft those who would now be on one side, now on the other. J). i 1 ft? according to the evidence of Chcng-pao himself, ft- to depose, as a witness. 12. itfj UvSSONS IN KUvMKNTAUY I* 1 . i Fin St ilif^-t &,* i E^ &&mmAmm-%f JLS ^,j i J. fi[) . . . | on those two cuiintb there was abundaiice of irrefragable evidence that place the fact of his beiny a spy beyond doubt f$ IH iron evidence; absolutely certain. _'. ,'i'i . . . 'H extremrly difficult to she\v leniency to. .? ft : M the old calendar: with the establishment of the Republic the foreign calendar $f was adopted in place of the old one. 4. Fyj . . . -ffi| was executed openly. 5. j . . . %]i. habitually holds the principles of human itarianism, and had there not been guilt bevond question, would not have needlesslv executed him. Xote use of i S6- LESSON VII. DRESSED IN A LITTLE BRIEF AUTHORITY. m-. J* nJi ifli / Tft: W* to IRf^w yv 3C *-^ MM /V > I * | ^T^- M ^ *a ii -ffi a ^ ffi )i Diplomatic Career of Luh-cheng-hsiang, the Head of the Foreign Office. [. Luh-cheng-hsiang \\asstatidncd for some time in Ixiissia, and is thoroughly conversant \\iih knssian affairs. In the year of the Boxer uprising', he assisted Yang-ru in the Mancluirian negotiations. r ' t ',j' Wi / I^SSONS IN EXMN'fARY WtfNlX H ffi T r*>v & ^ $6 ^ #%K JX ^C ^ ^ El ^J ^ ^ ^^ -j^^* v seie UK <& 1-^1 * "* \ ' r ^ r->OAJ /I' I % ot" IS Jtt |fe it ft His decided and skilful replies to the Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs have been set forth in detail by the Japanese in their History of the Secret Negotiations between China and Russia. The year before last he was the Minister Plenipotentiary for our country at the second Hague Peace Conference. During the discussion of the Arbitration Treaty, a certain country proposed that the withdrawal of the power of Consuls to arbitrate should be made one of the subjects of arbitration. Mr. Luh being apprehen- sive that the withdrawal of (the power of) Consuls to arbitrate would, at a later date, be prejudicial to the interests of our country, made a speech in the Conference and strenuously opposed it, and it was dropped in consequence. Again, in the matter of international relations in regard to arrest and place of trial, England and Germany had decided to divide the different countries into three grades, according to their strength or weakness, in order to determine the number of judges to be sent to the place of trial. 1. jj'j . . . Ui The Hague )lj-. f- I'eace Conference - 7 |^ >fi| ff complete powers- plenipotentiary ^ $Jj great messenger J^ fjj? a title proposed for foreign ministers, the term 4V $1 to be applied to Consuls in place of f,f{ '\i '('',' 2. V the term 4V Pf a public decision, is employed for ' Arbitration ' the decision come to by nations. ^ $ brought forward for discussion VJ. introduces the whole subject thus brought forward $$-']( the Consuls $$ ffrj f$ ;. $$ [3 with- drawal of power to decide or arbitrate j$ to be me oth'-r time $& tf.} a hindrance, something prejudicial to ijj $ $ 'a bout of holding forth' an address. 54 T.USSONS TN I?r,T?Ml?NTARY WtfNTJ. 7 sift K #J KB>ffi Pfif ifr M ^> ^ -li f if.4 1 1^ ^ JR ^ ^ ^ x S @ ffoii - ffi PR X ^ v r. H 'i ft>* w i, : & H lal Ki. ffi ^ ftfi ^ m ^ - Pfl ffl H * W SS rfn A K ft ft Bt iEJC ,* ]\Ir. Luh ascertained this on the day preceding, and arranged with the small Powers of South America to rise and oppose it; hence it was not possible to carry this treaty into effect. Again, in regard to the device of the Dutch Government to compel Chinese emigrants in the islands under Dutch rule to become naturalized, and the opposition they raised to it, this was relegated to a question of diplomatic arrangement between the two countries. 1. Ij; . . . 'j in (the matter of) [$| ^ international relations #j one treaty- the treaty. 2. W . . . $. JU consider, regard as. ftf- |jf applied to the status of nations, powerful or weak. W so as to; in order to ... 3- %] f ? to covenant; agree with $'j [P] the South American petty King- doms j$j : IS 'J* G9- ^. TPJ Holland. 5. ^ frfj Chinese emigrants. f#r J\'j emigrants. 6. 1^ removed- - out of the sphere of international politics jfjj $ and 1 ccamc .... 7- -P Hit contended and discussed argued in the way of protest. S. W because, owing to the fact that . . . B.j': ;^ 4\ constantly there were cases ;it was a matter of frequent occurrence, ffij f^| %, arid ln-cause of it iff | secretlv altered - changed without open acts of hostilitv. 55 UvSSONS IN IJI.tfMKNTARY ,y t J!a IB] Mr. Lull disputed the f[iiestion with the Dutch Government for over a year, with no result. He then owing to the fact that it is a regular thing for countries to withdraw their representatives to indicate that diplomatic relations are broken off, and by this means the attitude of the other country is quietly altered -suggested this scheme to the Foreign Office. The Foreign Office accordingly recalled him. Tn little more than six months after his return home, the Dutch Government reopened negotiations, with the result that in the nth month of last year, the Chinese and Dutch Consul:? concluded a treaty. This treaty states clearly that those who are naturali/ed according to Dutch law on their return to China are still Chinese subjects. Though this treaty cannot be regarded as finally settled, it is far removed from compelling (Chinese subjects) to be naturalized. Further, this treaty, in relation to the rights, i. n . . . \\ then n took lit IJit this plan told it to the Foreign Office he acquainted the Foreign Office with this mode of procedure. 2 - ffc / then ; thereupon. :,. |'j J'.'. ) concluded the treaty. 4- 'f "^ not fully decided; not decided in a way fully satisfactory ^ , compared with t[] } % leaves it at a distance. 5- j'ii '$ duty as of an official. J^SSONS IN ELEMENTARY WT-;NIJ. 3! 1 Jit 111V -x"*- K-* T * r ^ ^?o ^Si wE W 0T ao pl ^< -^T* pj ile prveges, and duties of Consuls, is the same as that drawn up between Japan and Holland. Never before, since our country has drawn up treaties, have we had such a (satisfactory) one. It is for this reason that the President nominated Mr. L,nh to be head of the Foreign Office. ! Pff %. Tl 4? that which had never been. READING LESSON VII. Celestial Flights. IE ^" fe 115 tfc f An Account of the Flight of Li-ru-yeu. I- '^l^r living progress aviation. - ')M ifa ^n Imperialist general who held .Nanking against the R troops during the Revolution. 3 ^ ... lif not easy to make headway in attacking him. 4. fp 3 to start, as carts, vessels, etc. ^ ijf special trains. 10. $5 ... A there were also several members of the Consular Body; 95 f l IIS the Consular Body, 'gft 'a mass 'is used largely in newspapers in the sense of 'group'; 'body'; as here; e.g., [Hj [$ $K (^ the International droup of Financiers. 1 1. I? .ti. interpreter. i 2 - 38 ffi to look after ; to attend to. '.} 'in 1 hiied the road and kept order. LKSSONS IN EI.KMKXTARY WKXI.I. us in M it ft ffi JS X A A ^ _h ^ Jt ^ s a - it ff J, IP n iv & m A ir - =f- A - i . |."f IJlJ special ; particular ; a comparatively new term. $$ o!I W reserved seats. -'. ^ . . . i- more than uo stewards and ticket inspectors, male and female. .3. >K ,2'i ' iai ' made a special study of them. 4. ti] '^ to superintend the machine to see that the machinery was in good 5. \8..... fk \\a.s completely satisfactory. (>. |^i .... A^ the foreigner in charge of the aeroplane and his assistants, [ft introducing the sii'iject ; helow used in the sense of ' from ', f^ tj[ JjK from the mat shed. 59 8 H LESSONS IN JJUJMUNTARY m * m Sfe S.ft 5 Hi A tr BB i. Jr. . . . vft the well dressed crowd poured out of the enclosure to the Railway Station. [ 9$ $$ if the red men and green women, i.e., the men and women who '# 1 #[> |$ wear gay clothing, y^ t|i locomotive ; engine ; motor car. - ip ^ Mr. Li had given his mind to the business, so as to dispense with foreign aid and do his own steering. LESSON VIII. m A 51 A LIFE ON THE OCEAN WAVE. M ft M sFv A Proclamation issued by Hsie, the head of the Naval Training Camp, in the matter of Enlisting Recruits. "Whereas it is on record that orders have been received from the Admiralty, stating that it is urgently necessary to establish naval training camps that the naval training camp which already exists i. )fy : 'i|i.' .sea army: naval fyfc %% practice-camp- naval school; camp for the training i it sailors. -'. .iK applied to principals those dm I in command. 3. ^ to receive in Imth hands, hence to receive from a superior. 'i an official record, llefi'ire SOUK- \vrlis "/,* to have the honour to. c.g . f/j-i fa to have the honour to acquaint. .|. }?;/: '. i'il't the I'hinese Admiralty. 5. [If] to open; used in the sense of ' >tat ng ' it is stated that . . . etc.: it introduces the tenor of a document, not necessarily the actual words. ft- "ft K ; , pronmtlv. as in dulv hound. // /.v r^jrv /(> en /is/ troops , bill difficult to disband them. 60 I.HSSONS IN IvKKMKNTAKY WKN1.T. w. t* M f? Hi m 9- w m. m m ,tt^ tfc A iifc ^ i^> *&. ? kz iff XEL M&. TT\7R\3*J ~T* i^ ^>5^n ^ \1iffl ; M (Hi tt ffi ^.JM - # A S *>=& ffl> ! r at Chcfoo should he enlarged, and that the mimhers (in the camp) should he added to hy recruiting, with a \ ie\v to help forward such training, and to have men in readiness tor transfer and employment elsewhere. On receipt of this, 1 at once sent tin: regimental officers, Chang Tai. Chiang, and Choh, together with the naval instructor, Ijn-kao- sheng, to enlist recruits in Yungcheng, \Yusung, Xingpo, and Machiang, and to select those suitahle for eni])loyment. \\dierefore. let all the ])eo])le w, they it I. m* Jt >liuuld : ,y.Jt' here in the SCIIM' t.>t UMii & ' "/ 1'tiild mi the existing foundations. _'. iVt<> assist in; In lielp forward. )V. so a> In ... |TiJ and to . . . .}. ?$ |M marks the end nf tlie i|iint;ttii>ii and dnes imt need tn hr translated. 4. It i J '? ;i11 instrurtnr in sail> and rope>. 5. *$ a >i,n'n of the plural used after the ahn\r enumeration nf naint^. n. ft to divide ; indie. 'lies I hat eaeh one \\ ,'is ^rnt tn a di ('for cut place, one went this \vay, < me that. ~. $ /I] eorre>pniidin,u tn ( the i u-e intended; suitahle. S. JS nil account of; n-cd \\hcn the suhjeel matter of the jin .elaiuatio:; has heen stated, and precedes any exhortation or remarks arising nut nf it;"nntln> acci 'lint " : " hence " : etc. 0- ij^' '^' places referred to; the afnre>aid place.- . in. 1(11 ... # . . . i!|l if ... those who . . . then . . . ty] fr . . . /^ should then he those \vho . . . $l{ fr I* 1 ?. '-> are williiiLi to act in response to the summons -to enlist. o j,7j to he f," in the 8 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. R W IS A ^1 ^ 5. o 51] R m m & ->- ^ ra A a- a o at w tt M -tfl ft Hi s ff 3f. S O -f- > -, o m o o e o JH ffi ; ffi T O ^ & T o + A A e s a m w O A it ,# m il 2, should proceed at once to the Training Camp at Tongshan, give in their names, and await the result of investigation and examination. After being selected, each must draw up a form of voluntary agreement, and hand in a copy to the Training Cam]) for reference, at the same time waiting till the appointed date to proceed to the Chefoo Training Camp. Each man will receive Taels 5.40 per month wages from the Training Camp. A special proclamation: let none disobey it. The conditions are as follows : i. Age to be over 18 and under 22. _'. Height to be about 5 feet 6 inches. Knglish measure. . To be strong and vigorous, and to have had good health. f ) l<> await; to permit. jf willing IX la bond ; guarantee. ; t<> tile; to keep for reference. I. Kg, read in the 4th Tone I -}_ -'. -H- to prepare ; to write out. .v f'm ii prepared for referenc ] nil y the month ^ issued by the Training Camp. !";. lil P'fl as follows . . : used, before an enumeration of particulars. 9. .... ~f items such as this and the following are not usually numbered consecutively is prefixed to each as it occurs. $ the front teeth, used for a person's age '{... tt >" under; beneath. 10. - heretofore indicates the normal state. ST. lo-'S u > IN tfUtMKNTARY WUttLT. 4. Must not be short-sighted. 5. Some knowledge of aquatics. 6. To be able to read more or less. The 24th day of the 4th month of the ist year of the Chinese Republic. Issued to be firmly pasted up at the East Barrier Gate. i. $5. $i "ear sighted. - X.K iS- nature of water some knowledge of tides, etc. 3- Hi |gj Republic. Dislike of imperialism has filtered through to the form of characters. |g| is also written 111 a 3 prince, in an enclosure ; but now that the people have taken the reins of government is substituted for j ! READING LESSON VIII. Decadent Buddhism. ivil* Detailed Account of a Mass Meeting of Buddhists. T - Jft *& head association.. |g, all ; as applied to organizations means chief; leading; general; etc. 2. if. Kiangsu. In newspapers and other writings, the provinces arc usually referred to in an abbreviated form as here, where ?T. }T. $&: sometimes an old name of the province is given. names generally met with: The following are Chihli ilk Shantung iii Shansi in 1 loiian fifc Kiamsu & A nh we i s'c Kiangsi m Chehkiang *r l-'uhkien 1*1 Kiangsi i Kiangsu - Anhwei \ Ciehkiang ' c l-'uhkier. \ 1 lupeh > i* 1 lunan ) 1, I Collect ire /it/, ft in/I JSK- 1 lupeh I lunan Kwangtung Kwaugsi Szecluvan Yunnan Kweichow t?hensi Kansuh Yunnan Kweichow Shcnsi Kansuh Kwangtung Kwangsi i : > 8 UvSSOXS IN ELEMENTARY WEXI.t. tH. A ft 3 A s. & ft m it US ffl* i?" $fe jJ-L sF* /7PX 1. f# . . . A more than _>oo I'.uddhist delegates, f^f A Buddhists ft ; delegates ; representatives. 2. ; . . - . "ft to establish a vast organization. 3. $t -A more than 100 people connected with the newspapers, the schools and colleges, the military and the merchant class, were present at the meeting. Jn this case the one character does duty as a descriptive epithet for the colloquial term, e.g., ; M for $r [if] $i : fy for ;*i $. and so on. Vr- used once with ^- avoids repetition & J/f ne\vs]ia])er world $j ^ commercial world, etc. 4. fJi) il the President of the Society for the Study of Buddhism. ^ H head of an association. 5- irt 4& A the originator or promoter. o. fit to push -to elect. 7. JS ll-. W to be lord of the feast master of ceremonies; chairman. 5. ||j ... -j'; the abbot i if the IJu-iiin monastery Jngkan addressed the meeting saying . . . . ||j introduces the speaker, so below -Jj ; abbot of a Bud- dhist monastery. : {\( ','," t announce- -the object of the meeting. 0. /T' fl ; i' '^ indispensable that we wlio are of thi^ generation unite and form a great organixation, ami (!'> our utmost to seek to arouse Bothers) to action. 1$ fKi an organi/ed body. 10. J I.. .... ,i'!t they are all of a specially kind disposition. Such places as schools, hospitals, institutions for the blind and deaf, and asylums for the aged are established by them regularly. ;'/i! like such as . . . ^ !$ i" regular order. 11. i j 't . . . ti, nothing that is beneficial to society escapes their notice, and all for the sake of spreading their religion ! f$ i advantage. i_>. Q . . . J ^jfc 1 a ^ & m tB ^ M ft S H & g tt ,m 18. A * H M if m .ft A,1ft F* ^n 7 it. A * ^ ^ M E in ia,^ ^ ^ A ^ ^ @ *i|=* rfn a a,r ^ z n,z M m ^,*,E =r- m m& ftt\$m^*mn K 1% ^n i?i m 1. It ... nj" our religion is no\v at the time of the g'oing down of the sun (on the decline ), and nothing hut organization mi a wide scale, and strenuous efforts will be any avail. J|- . . . . /f. "n[ indispensable. !>nth simiilc and complex exprcs- MOIIS nia\ hi 1 inserted lietueen J|- and ^ nj". 2. Yi' . . . ',;] read out a congratulatory address, 'n. indicates readiny aloud ti ' an audience. .3. \ ! . . . i$ in recent times, since the change from the Manchn's, our religion has declined day hy day. until at the present time it is on the point of extinction. !|*J proximate future. 4 lH- JR'J this is entirely owiny to the fact that \vc priests are lacking in self-respect, do not move with the times, hut merely live upon society, contributing nothing for our food and clothing. \"o wonder that we are spat on and abused by other religious sects ! |'j ' self-love: self-respect, .h ; : f' to 110 upward and enter to progress. 5. Jj : . . . . f:!] unless we fulii'i our .-hare of public duty. h-.,\ ca-i we participati- in tin- rights and privilege of a Republic? g( i/f- ])iiblic matter-: social service o. ^ . . . ^ that P.uddhism had. thus decayed was owing I" the urnorance of the priests, who simplv took things easy. Rccentlv it had go:io lo\ver and io\v'r. until people scarcely knew what sort of a thing Buddhism wa-. \- to -uch my.-- t.-rie- as the (ireatcrand Lesser Conveyance, it was useless to refer to them. \\] )ft proceeded irom.had its origin in. # merely, only. f.\fe '/'>'($ nearly not kno\\r, -Jt %$ inner meaning, esoteric. /J> 'j$ teaching for 'outsiders': exoteric. .^ it mvsteries. 9 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY E^f ffl *ft i 5 pl \/lj 3E: ^ K ^X. ^ A A m m 1. tjd . . . ^ it injured the fame of the whole body for purity. 2. H& . . . / it was finally decided that the general administration should be (carried on) at the seat of government. 3- lh ii the employment of different officials to attend to arrangements, deal with correspondence and various affairs, was left to the Chairman. LESSON IX. 1! THE PASSING OF THE QUEUE. 1 ^ A^ $1] |S& ^ I^JSl Jl T Sft fir A A The Queue-Cutters at the Foreign Office. The employee.-, in the different government offices in Peking regard the Foreign Office as being specially open to new ideas : hence many in these offices have cut off their queues. This is by no means confined to the official class; many of the runners in the Sula T'ang have also removed them ; at the present time there are only a [. P3 il open to new ideas. 2. W f?K officials of the Boards W the official class in contrast to ^ runners, etc. A E! 3i ? 3 81 J, to the law \ 06 to the wind. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY VVKNU. a ft E a B a a T JT "IPf" A -I-" | J 1^5 /@ XV C L_J J.'i' ^f- rt^I /^^ 6'/7 ifi" ~-l~* rl-T' nlyp /R^ H g fffl Iff PI 3T {^ fSf 55 Rl & W J-. Lf -- W| . ffl ej ^ i^-^ A FlJ W ^ ip^Ja'- fe\\ (|ueues left. The official in charg'e of a certain office regards this as "a (law in therein." He wants to get together others of like mind and organize a Compulsory Ouene Cutting Brigade, and make a clean sweep of the pigtail. He has already ascertained that at the Ho-huei office there arc still two left, in the Kaokong office one, in the Chiieh-suan office >cven. in the Shnwn office one and a half. A certain Mr. Ling coils his queue round on the top of his head, and the local people call him " Half-tail." All told, there are twelve tails and a half. It has been decided to hegin operations in good earnest immediately. Those with pigtail> were scared on hearing this : each said in turn, " \Ye will at once choose a hicky day and remove them." They were so alarmed that thev did nut dare to enter the office. 67 I.KSSONS IN ELEMENTARY WEN LI. ttt& fc ^ fl A Fresh Notification by the Official re the Removal of the Queue. The Shanghai District Mu^istrate. \Vii-yiian-cliiu, some a^'o recei\'ed orders from the Provisional Governor of Kian^su. who had received the President's Circular, to the effect that it had been ascertained that after Xorth and South had been united under one administration, the people and merchant class whose minds were open to new ideas, and who knew the general line of policy, had in every province and in every place of trade, already cut off the queue. Rut while many of the above cla^s had done so. and those who still wore <|ucue> were few. yet in other out-of-the-way places in the country, many --till kepi it han^in^ d<>\\n. llence the official- .V U l" th; eti'ccl thai . . . i'( often stand.-; at the beginning of a tion. introducing it. e.ii , |^ JV. !> notify in writing that .... 4- & \ notice ho\\ a lon.y and detailed description of both people and places may lie between # and the introductory words |Tij fal ~/C \i\ -il ^ and who were acquainted witli the main ideas -who knew the present trend of things. 5. -Hf ... W ... 17 ; ; but . . . the rest . . . still ...'*&% solitary; lonely, ft:-: if the remaind.er- those places away from large centres of population. 68 is LliSSOXS IN Kl.KMKNTAKY WlvNI.I. ft iK% A fi * IWop ?* Ttr L =A v? S k- It m IPX 55 i fp, jj H T *i >; nn ^ " J -I ^ B /ti m *v n* y A, a it ,,:/. 9 ffi ft ft, ia H nf ffl ft Jfft "I ili ft 4 , i ft f& should issue a proclamation and make it <|uite clear that i such people ) must cut them off" at once so as to remove the Itad^e of the Manchu. Official \\"n, after the receipt of this, issued proclamations several times and m ide it generally known. l*n fortunately, a certain class of the lower strata of society have been under a i^ood deal of misapprehension about the matter, saying that to cut off the queue is to make people foreign slaves' Consequently, after Official \Yu became cognisant of this, he issued a proclamation both terse and clear, and had it pasted up in the principal thoroughfares, and in the teashops in the surrounding districts, so that all the above class should know, and at once b\ the removal of the queue attain the de.-ired end. \\'e are ghen to understand that now Official \Yu has i. W . . . i'l^' S" a> in roni'ive tlio tr.kcii i>f the Man-liu '-u-t'Mii. I 1 *- ftj shewing th>' end of the communication received from the Tuhih. - ~" $ once and a;?ain ; ropc;itrdl\ . ,^ /^ ii' '>ut alas ! 4- K ^ man\ aninnu; tlie !>>\\er ^.la^^c^ \\ n >nu;i\ apprelu-niied. "I" nfe aiid . I', iifii the upper and ln\\rr clashes applied to social status rather than to a moral standard. 5- ". m'V >iy" of the plural, tin- saying.- "f th^s,' ju^i nu-ntiiieil. 6. a shop. 7. { . . . f.'i ! . let . . . know so that they may . . . ^- & sn t" transmit and recmest to request in a despa'.ch. 6 9 9 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. (ft ft if fli fifc ffl 5 ~> i in flin Jl H 4* >fi m in ife M m ^ ^ requested Mr. Muh, the head of the police, to instruct the constables on their beat, in every section of the city and suburbs, beginning from to-day, that if they happen to meet people with queues, they should begin by mildly exhorting them, letting them know the general purport ('of removing the queue). Should such people not be amen- able to persuasion, the police must arrest them and take them to the police station, where they will be punished according to the law. \Ye do not know what steps Mr. Muh has taken in the matter. ' ?/ $ alarm matters, applied to police; 0.54-., *J tg /,,'j a police station; %f ffi ii the head of the police. 2. $ IS to transmit orders to order ; j$j is applied to orders or " instructions" issued to a subordinate official. .3- U IBQ the divisions into which the city is divided for police purposes. 4- $ l$ to stand on a mound to be on a ' beat." 1ESSONS IN KtKMKNTARY 9 READING LESSON IX. jl Blank Despair. S Z nh fe it til z m m L*S m a A T ^c'fS -t- H JKl 4 *' T fi z T m^-ftDui&m sfi. m m _t ft *& % *s -? -^ B'i f % m 1 p fa, a tt A X 0? 1H A Hankow Tragedy. 4. n . . . $,f. R:I\C him some lint \vater and rt-xivcd him J^| t<> pour into jioured d>uvn his throat. 5- f'} i'iC tne I'cason oi liis short-sightedness in seeking ti> take his own liii- 4% 1,1. short vision -applied to wrong- views of things. <> ffij . . . soon after they let him go, and told the policeman to follow him and secretly watch him [fe .11: {% to tail after him to follow him. 7. ')<. . . , V! irremediahle misers' that could not he content with anything but 9 T/ECSSONS IN EU3MENTARY p i?K Z mM ft? P ni.tr m m A M *^ fi -T * A TIT re] -T UK * ffi flC A JBl PP JE ^ vl e i. ^L $? saw l' c xvas i' 1 slightly hotter sj)irits. 2. $1 . . . H. '4? A the house man the \vifc. 7- til ft to die: died. ^- :! 7i tTr -*><: jiule and stone perishing together: his master, being a .Manehu, was presumably the stone. 1$. %& jjt ijiJfe to exterminate the family; to end the succession. 10. 3 P. the twelfth ni -nth of last year '# $. last year. n. NJ JJ i 7 A. for the space of two months. -%_ ^ may he affixed to any period of time. 12. fff . . . I?, to borrow travelling expenses to (enable me") to return home. Jl| ^ stream help, help for a journey. A-L- *R to return home 'P. $|i|5 ?.. the country; one's native plaee. '.! L'4 /JII begged during the da\ on the streets from door to door. In addition was both cursed and beaten by the head of the Tithing Office ftlfcheldup the beggar's bowl. ' }}\\ to pile one on top of the other, applied to several things happening together: see below $J[ 'M ' j"( distressed by cold and hunger. 14. H'lfr . . . Q he whimpered from hunger and cried for sorrow, causing distress tu all wh'. heard ^ !'>'<. a sour nose -distress causing people to snivel. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. tn m z z m &>^ &: a* Rt f& tt jfa in I. fjij . . . ffiiji I had previously begged ;i few scraps from the aforenamed restaurant, and the proprietor seeing the child cry, took pity on us and gave him a basin of rice gruel. J^ n& I & nt i the restaurant; the proprietor 3% is often so used=(JR flfl or vg i[fl. Xote JU introducing the object and ])elo\\- W '>C 'rif I told the proprietor the truth. - ?fe 5? my advice is that your best way will be to part with the child and give it to someone to adopt. 1 will find him a good family, and so the lives of both father and son will be preserved, ^f. ?? cannot do better than . . . lj -^ cut love a love that will be willing to sever the ' tie that binds' J?K to give to J\. j[ someone iff 4p to adopt. 3- tH ;& a deed of sale. 4- ,tH . . . $ we shall probably not meet again in this Hie. 10 LKSSONS IN ELEMENTARY LESSON X. THE BUBBLE REPUTATION. m_v> i^t m n * Jtf HH -JL- & m JL rT-* = '^-^ 9^s V A to '! P If db A Memorial Service for Patriots. A great gathering in memory of patriots and heroes was held on the 1 6th of this month by (the men of) Wuch'ang and Han- kow having a common aim. They borrowed the Hunan Guild as the place of meeting and nearly 7,000 people attended. A military band played, filling the ear with the sound of drums. Mr. Yang- yii-ru began by announcing the order of the meeting. Then Mr. Li- hsing led forward the officers of various associations to the spirit tablets of the various worthies, to perform the ceremony of the J- JJl t 1 ? to follow up grief. i]S stands for the classsical expression fist # jii. | attend to the last (funeral rites) and let them be followed when long gone (by appropriate ceremonies.) f^L to be grieved in spirit. 2. iK fk "\Yuchang and 1 lankow. These great centres of trade are locally known as i& $t H p the city of Hanyang $5 |f|i making the third. It was in Wuchang that the Revolution began. 3. f|5 false; also means, to borrow, ffr nfr hall of meeting. The Guilds usually have such buildings in large centres which serve the purpose of meeting places, places for discussion, and centres of help for poor fellow-provincials, etc. 4- /? T* n t below nearly; not far short of. 5- %'k )f- order; applied t<> maintenance of order, as well as to sequence of procedure. /u' iJinniicr-clap resounds tJii'ongJtout the empire. 74 LKSSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 10 In] (ft &. iflE ft W [ iC W ^L g JPI flfi, flj IB i^ i*^ & = .tfc ft m -- _ I- lift at JTJS ti ?d* n<&.\ J# ify % it Jl ^ ft ffi Ji H >> / Three Bows. Following this Mr. Vang and Mr. Li-kwei-seng read the funeral oration. It was read in a loud, deep, and mournful tone, moving all who heard it to tears. The sacrifice over, Mr. Chiang-} i-wu gave an address, saying, " The reason for our memorial service to-day, is the fact that the heroes, by giving up their lives in the cause of patriotism, made it possible for us to change to a United China. The fact is that the establishment of the Republic is the gift of these heroes. At the same time in the beginning of the patriotic movement the achievements by Messrs. Uu-yao-cheng, F'cng-ts'u-fan and Yang-hung-siieng \\ere the most remarkable, and their deaths were the most grievous. For the rest, some died in the forefront of the battle, some in prison, and others ' %fc 3t this usually consists of an account of the deceased and his achie tncnts couched in highly eulogistic terms. 2. fijj JU . . . JU . . . J JJ'G the reason fur ... is because . . possible . . . 10 WESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. ft, ft (ft H $ fll * it W M * IS SI iUtfo* E2, ^ M PI v n4 ft li ft ft & v,A * H it W> *- if; 58 It ,jho , it H> ^fiff ** 0TJ^ 7I>X A .m at, ffi jlfc 4> J] EoJg ,w> =p if were assassinated. May I reijtiest you, my colleagues, to make them known, that a history may be compiled for the information of posterity. '' Mr. Yan^ then proceeded to give an account of the organiza- tion of the Reform Party by Chang-ching-cheng and Chao-chen-wn, and of the manner in which they were put to death; his remarks called forth a long-drawn sigh. Mr. Lo-yiin-po then mounted the rostrum and said in a loud voice, "To-day the martial music swells, the military accoutrements jingle, the candles shed their lustre, pigs and sheep are set out on the right hand and on the left this is the outward expression of 'memorial.' The united effort, the harmonious help, the comple- tion of the work, and aim> left unattained by the heroes these are -' them the 7 6 IN DLKM1CXTAKY fcfe 5M 10 'SiHjfc E in f 'I s'J T C 1r ^ $1* fe^ff W VL\ ^i>* 5C: AtL I I Ja the spirit of 'memorial.' The erection of special ancestral halls for them, the comforting and support of their families, the making known their achievements and handing them down to ten thousand generations this is the materializing of 'memorial.' 1 would that you, my colleagues, would give attention to these three considerations." Finally Mr. Li-hsing addressed the meeting and said it had been decided to nrjiiDrialixe the Vice-President to erect an ancestral hall to the three heroes L,iu, Peng, and Yang on the Yellow Crane Tower; and the two heroes Chao and Chang would be near to them. All should do their best to help bring this abjut. It had struck three o'clock by the tinu lu h:vl finished spanking, and the meeting then dispersed. I. t\i . . . 'IS 1 - the reality of jft. <\%.. '- Ji: Si & this was a Ir.Cty pagoda which stood 0:1 the brow of a lull over- looking the Yaiigt/e. It was Ijiinit down some years ago, but the spot on which it stood still retains the nairf.. 10 WESSONS IN Klt class materials t'roin the Far Kast. i^ i|; as opposed to jg j| the Xear J'',ast. ".','; si^n of plural. 5. ~$f. . . . iff' said that it was impossible to say with certainty how much money was lost, hut it must he reckoned at several million pounds IU. . . . jfj" hy . . . reckoned JU indicating the unit of calculation. 6. #J . . . tli all on account of it lowered their Hags as an expression of sorrow. This truly is an overwhelming disaster. ,? |J to signify sorrow j', 1 } 9 a vast cataclysm. 7. rli: . . . 1-" the gist of the article is as follow- . . . t>- M . . . fk Sunday night <;. nj . . . ft the lookout. 10. fl'E t-jj the rudder house. n. 0|1 . . . '$ at once attended to their various duties of seeing the extent of the damages and saving the passengers. 12. fa . . . [| to put on life hells. : fi to wear; to put on. I.?. . . . i'lV at the same time h\ wireless telegraphy sending the ordinary signals of distress |![ hy making use of H: ^ 'ili "'' \vire electricity j'/^ . . . J'i| signs of having met with danger. 14. (I. ... ffr constantly li^htiiiL; and sending up rocket-, indicating great danger. 11 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY -r- A, 35 If A ffi & & -t- m ^ A m AJ& j . . . M the mail ship Carpathia. [gi. the scene of disaster. a post ship ; a mail boat. 3. iji P$ a synopsis ; an extract from a longer account. 4. 1: . . . A it appears that it is clearly stated in the schedule of the Board of Trade that 3,500 people are allowed for the full complement (carried by the vessel) but the life boat accommodation was only enough for 950 persons. jj i'if> Board of Trade ijf 1$ added clearly; clearly stated < Ki . . . & $( allowed as .... a full number. 5. 'X ^ stokers. LESSON XI. H ~ -f- "FREEDOM FREE TO SLAY HERSELF." mi s. f\ ft R p s tc --t IS A '#$ A A * ( Liberty " Wrongly Interpreted by the " Citizen " Post Office. The official, Wn. in charge of the Shanghai District issues a proclamation for general information. fy ^D M 7/^' heart* of the people arc like iron ; the rule of officials like a furnace. 80 U-:SSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. Vf- ==r re.* CT T'4 t=\ n tt X2. K H lJf /Hi LJ f*3 S ^ H; H J^5 flj 15 e f ^ Jt _i x \ i * * & it If f R ^ ff ill^P It is Dii record that he received a copy of Instructions" from the Provisional Governor of Kiangsu, numbered 57^, in which it is stated that (the Governor") had received a telegram from the Board of Posts and Communications. It said that "The General Post Office stated that the \\uhu Post Office had received a Shanghai tjlegram from the ITsinyeh Kongso and the ITsieh-hsing-chang Post Offices saying that now the Republic was established they should be all >Avd liberty. They had sent letters by the steamer Poyang and the letters Irid bjen seized and detained by the Wnlm Post Office, and they vowed they would not acknowledge (the legality of ) such action, and prayed that the goods might be returned without delay. The Chinkiang Government Post Office had also received a petition from the Min and Clf iien-tai-hsiah Post Offices stating that those who had organized these post offices should, in all reason, be allowed to enjoy some of the blessings of the Republic. They prayed that the parcels and letters that had been detained should be ]. i'-) !"} within stated P4I introduces a document, or the general tenor of it. ,'f to grant; used in acknowledging receipt of communications from an official superior and others. x\'. f$ ;$', Board of Posts and Communications. 1 P3 a telegram which state 1 ' . . . -' 'iK fil' ; i telegram setting forth that . . . .i. W| : ; . . . ill should ho allowed to enjoy participate in th- privilege.- of freedoni. Tiii y had . . . ;. tj IQ honourahle (ilace -you. \uiir Purl. ; - In) .13 >wear they will never acknowledge (the legality of such action). (). *$ I'v this marks the end of the communication referring to \Yuhu. 7- ':';( ft mcmorkili/in.ti fff to the effect that * ft those who had orga:!i;:ed the 'Citi/en' a'ld the ' Perfect I'.n-iness' post offices. 81 11 I^SSONS IN ELEMENTARY #1 a AC 1Ul ^fr- I II'B % 'rar . ^. WN^ W * ^ =,ft, l>f ; '^ H : ^ & tf S fit S> Jl J/ ^I ^W* J7!| \ S ft dbL nf> lit ,*&* m returned, and that fn)m now on they should be allowed liberty to forward mail matter, to deliver it without hindrance, and that it should not bvi confiscated." The Board of Posts and Communications finds that "The Government has complete control of the Postal Service: the Repub- lics of Kurope and America have for a lon^ time made this a universal rule. The aforesaid Miuand Hsinyeh Kongso Post Offices have misapprehended the meaning of ' liberty ' and have smuj^led postal matter at their own sweet will to the great prejudice of the Postal Service. The regulation in force up till now is that 'all smuggled postal matter shall be taxed three times the normal charge, and the post office that smuggles it shall be fined, in addition, as follows: first offence Tls. 10: second offence Tls. .25 ; further offences Tls. 50.' _'. '^ . . . uS niuft nut hinder < the- deliver} uf) r.nr con li suite. ^" ,.;;t -hews tli<* cinl "f the commuiiii'ation frmn Chinl-;ianc. .^ 4^ M'' IT tl'i^ intniihiri's ill'- riMiiarks of the liuard uf l'u>,l- and (.'omimini- rations up. the ahu\e nientiuiH-d >i!lijcet. t'r ma\ In 1 \;ini'ii>l\ translated: here it \v m 'd he tin- ei| nival e lit uf " with re fern ice tu " ihe (|iH-stiuii raised, ur ' the I'.nard i'liids MI i (Mii!inr\ that . . . 82 T< AS, Mjij ffl tf LKSSONS IN ElvKMJvNfAKY III /-*^- gq F=t m 13 a9 /^j ^ ^ zi ^ IS ffcl I -t'l *iil 7K li "I * ! r S ' J \ > N I 'r 1 IH 11 13 4 -U 5 - n i^i i^ + Sf!j'M R. it & Sf j ffi^ J!i - ffl^ffi dfi it 'I'hc Min Post Office has not observed this regulation this time, hence \ve request that a proclamation be issued strictly forbidding them (to continue the practice) and that they be fined in accordance with the regulation, in order to emphasize (the rights of) the Postal Service. Kindly acknowledge receipt." The Provisional (Governor) on receiving this, in addition to acknowledging receipt by telegram, issued instructions, as in duty bound, for the official in charge (of the Shanghai District) to take note of, and in accordance with them, at once issue a proclamation prohibiting (the illicit carrying of mail matter ) in order to empha- size the rights of the Government, and to uphold the Postal Service. These are the instructions. (The District Magistrate i on receipt ot this issued a proclamation as in duty bound " I,et the people of the Min and other post offices take note, that from henceforth th.' forwarding and delivery of mail matter must be in conformity with the regulations that have hitherto been in force, and there must be no misapprehension of ' liberty ' that will cause a breaking of the rules and the infliction of a line." T. ,;'| as follows . . . -'. J )i ... ft the afni-osnid Post Offices have not conformed t the existing regulations. .v " l ffi M and hope ('you will) acknowledge receipt :3 ii'5 opened and established usually applied to the opening of a she 2. \> . . . . :|h location is usually described in its relation to the points t mpass, rather than, as in the West, in its relation to ri-ht and left. 3- fill ... 211 the deer and the crane are the sign, ' At the siun of the e Crane.' The crane is an emblem of longevity. iH: a branch establishment of the Shanghai Nanking Road divided h?re=a branch establishment is opened here. th 4- .h . I'. lT : .i. V'l- $. L? . . . i}l a list of samples of canned goods. to canned goods of all kinds. f>. 'T* . . . iil the \vorld to-day is a world of commercial competition contest. 7- .iK . . . nf but very few of those who enter commercial life attain object . . . -ft of those who. . . . 1 the Deer linn, iplied ; lit., their tESSONS IN EtKMENTAKY WENtl. 11 Jil m ff Jfc AJt is ft; * & ^rit g HM/r M tf 3 M IS li Jil H \^-^=r t*'M -t^^f J ( i *m ttj f| w 4 1 it a w Tfii &%i t fe if. M X IFii ^ m ses of all kinds constantly crop up in the foodstuff line of in some parts the several classes of goods are spoken , , ., h 'This lint- of goods.' A conservatives are nonprogressive ; liberals go in for make- believe in order to please their customers, and seek to take in people by selling inferior goods. V| : ft- conservative 1 . . . - to try and play the cithern (a musical instrument like the guitar) with the keys glued used in the sense of adherence liberal M- to devise to draw a cake to obsolete lines of action, satisfy with make-believe; from ^ fif TC K/t to draw a cake to satisfy hunger. ,}. ^C . . . ft onr firm being grieved at this state of things, at once decided to separate tliL' genuine from the counterfeit, fa. our; this; 'f!f place of business. ^ (\ >'/1 ft at once divide the gold from the stone. 4 4.'f . . . )i'f opened a high-class establishment. '\\ ii.'f official presents first- class goods " /J J,!;" tea and food shop, a shop for the sale of confectionery, cakes, etc. )'!( one. (ilf is often a|)plied to a block or row of buildings. 5- J'JI til! in the hope that it would be praised by all. As we did not think it worth while to imitate others, we adopted the name ' I-'ragrant Village," with tin- trading 'style' of 'Prosperous.' -ff ?{ having that which 7p <( would not condescend '';'{ IjlJ ' with other linns ',f, r |p] to imitate (probably in reterence to tin- echo ])roduced by a clap of thunder). Jt! is a trading ' style ' adopted by branches of firms trading under the same g| or sign; e.g., lift : fe is the % but a branch estab- lishment might be !l(i'( $ ?!, '^ |?(i. '>. ^."f l)(|J made a special point of engaging first-class ci|'.': rjl Shanghai. Rig (}ij celebrated profes- sors ---ot the culinary art. 7- \n tt" always seeking to 'go one better.' s - U i'.''i fu i'Y first-class goods, fair prices. '' 'tf( 'ii ftC 1^ "" advantage taken of young or old. 10. J'j. . . . 'i'f \\itli a view to an increase of glory, and on purpuse to make se deviations ('from the right path') and save (the trade) fn nn malpr;i'- with a view to JfUJl a particle indicating pnr|>ose fiR [^ to repair that which >ne side. ,v 't* keen desire; \\'ild hope. -fc . . . 4*J we also hope that all will inspect our g additional particular, 'further' . W\ ~)i "Z. Vfc *"$-. the people) frmn all nuarters. f^- used conventionallv for th others. ..o, .d tho tices. n leans t< i i i i. u. LESSONS IN KT.TvM^NTARY WNU. is m w H A n =s PB i. 2 . . . . r i.f the names arc set forth below for your inspection. tf> ~/f_ to the left, as Chinese writing proceeds from right to left. /? ; _{jjf your honourable glance TtT indicating respect. 2 - !$ , 35 'i" our patrons i|^ Jjjfjj to bestow favour: see below !$ ifl ft patron : customer. 3- fift . . . 1'pT should we be favoured with a trial order, we should be glad of a letter in advance, lest we should not have the goods in stock. ... fifjj difficult to get ready all at once p^ 'g a trial taste j li-T shall be grateful for. 4- 38; ~- ^ no two prices; uniform prices. 5. 7^ ... ?$ it is impossible to give a list of them all. Further, the weather is uncertain and it is difficult to calculate the amount in stock at any given time. 6. jft" ...;]< dollars and cents whether taken in or paid out are subject to market rates. Wi "r|j according to the market-rates. %fi ^K money paid to make up the difference in the varying values of silver; as applied to dollars, the amount demanded presumably to make up the depreciation in the quality of dollars and cents. /. Ivf ; i special notification. 2. A Good Understanding. m ft t4i fil selected materials and best workmanship. Dutch bleached ifi T 1 1., Hand. ll.'r . . . ftt up-to-date famous stockings made by women. [!.'/= 1ft time's -the current style; fashionable. $t It ""t a trace of old calico in the foot of the stocking. ^ the bottom or base. Chinese stockings have' a thick sole composed of several layers. 4. ^ . . . "ii: neither expense nor pains have been spared. \Vc make high-class goods a speciality, as we aim (at a reputation) permanent and far-reaching, ft} ecial. f"J Tfj door market goods exposed for sale at the door of the shop, best quality. A because we Jg] aim at \ $ long and distant. socks, pattern, 86 IN Kl.UMlvNTAKY \YlvNl, I. 11 - I 14 w. M E ji 1 ^ > ;i M t ^ ^ ^ i> rc HtH! X ffi iC M fa M # &' ># itr, ,gc it: m ism^tsw^iua i. fit fi widely celebrated for large sales <$ ^ is usually applied to wholesale dealings. - 4* W situated on the west side of the street, having the door toward the east. *J4 [nj the position of a house in relation to the points of the compass. 3- #!; i^ 1^: this \vi 1 prevent mistakes. 3. The New Broom. it it fa 3f. Tp.J'h 11 ^- ft * ^K If ft tew *? wfit 35: o so: s - #j ^ mmrn 4^* M jEJf'J K TlMlfN fli X I 1=1 = ^-"^ & '*E W a>^ i .^^^ ^i f m ^ ^ t \ -a i. 'r? . . ft the tentative reformed Legal Code -' if; /ft The Judiciary. 'ii ,i. A special table ' ' i /." f r 1 1 1 ^ i * 1 1 1 > 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 -, 1 1 ' 1 1 .-> >. l.a\\. J fr the ]>lace where the books ; 7. ft . . . ft postage to Outports 15 cents extra f-\\ "K. postage expenses. S. A ...!!:'f those wh<> purchased the book previously may, oil application this ot'tice, receive a copy of the Table of Alterations for the purpose of cotupc siou. 11 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 4. Vanity Fair. AM ffi A O m ffi * in 4* ; B * -ffi- m .a ai & rn.rn &>w It ?6 ^ ^F WJ.H o _t * -ff o m Iff m i& j it A Bfi ffiji ti&M C US # .*Jt -t: Jh.E t. i. ',$; . . . g Almond Df\v made with honey. _'. ^K . . . tjiji excites ;i flow of saliva and nourishes the lungs. ,}. iJj; . . . ;'f|J specially good tor the lungs, iili is one of the divisions under \\lmh the different organs of the body are classified by the Chinese. .4. ijiii . . . -jj inflammation of the bronchial tubes ;% in medical parlance, is the equivalent \ the colloquial *A. 5. J'; . . . frji mischievous cold enters the lungs J" anything depraved or harmful ; cp., English to ' set up mischief ' as applied to disease. '' %'i. -# will result in consumptior,. 7. J 1 ?: . , nt fra^r;mt powder for keeping tlv hair in order. ^ . . . }& making people disgusted ^ j'|fe unendurable. M. fi"' ... ft the i'ften~i\e Miudl of perspiration entirel) disappears and is replaced by a >pecial fragrance. TO. ^i'; ... $ft also deals with dandruff and ringworm, and destroys the ringwi 'rm mien >be. II. ft ... i" it has. without doubt, shewn itself to be an excellent article. a great improvement (on other preparations) ^ J a something better than anything that preceded. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. 5. The Dinner Set. 11 t 4- n n? H JKi & n jiij a a it is i. til .'1-1 hygiene; hygienic. -'. IS JT false teeth. ,V >t8 f-9 there are plenty of dentists in Shanghai, but it is by no means easy to find a good one. |fc jfc standing like a grove in large numbers. |. TfC . . . ^ regardless of expense have added (to existing plant) the latest and best machinery, and dental material of the first quality, til $$ have in addition imported. 5. 4ft ... either a complete set or a single tooth. ' Jc ^H either gold, silver, or vulcanite plates. 7- JE M bridge and bar work. S. All . . . $ life-like. '" Jh ?K Pain killer. ' fit ^5 perfectly painless extraction. i-'. fi i-i move your gems pay us a visit. 12 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY wENIJ. LESSON XII. * - MINERS ABOVE GROUND. & A KH f P * Iff l\j % /v |itL Hb i ' P/U' si tr ^a ~T* F5i sH __L M p# , flB flt 1 tl< 31 PI g 1^4? p il P, a /a* T ME ^T /C. A Great Strike of English Coal Miners. A London telegram says that 840,000 Kngli>h miners have decided to strike, and jnd^in^ from present appearances it seems that it will extend through the whole country; while it is feared that it cannot he hrou^ht to an end all at once. In the opinion of many it will la]> tradiiiii", H^ i- often done a- a protest against official injustice. - ty '-ft laltourer-; {}}> la'i mrinu rlas^vs ; prece'led. usually. l>y >ome descriptive ejiitli'-t : see helo\\ {$ ,']/ ty' : ;.),'. N} :.;j fi'j workers wlio transport coal; coal heavers. 3- tfii 1J '.'& ;''! ! k n'u- m i\e;iu-:it v.i!! '.-.\tend to the wlioU- kingdom. 4. . . . ;i according to the \ie\\ of onr class of people ^, the strike nie>ve- inent A -b applied to well-in formc<| people. 90 tESSONS IN IvT^MI'NTARY WIvNIJ. 12 ih is X A. BE Jjtt ~* ~T ^ _L HE 4" fft ~F i R/LO i Iril H ^? A/ Jfi iE T "^ rrft >V W -W JL^ / .^r /C, X |B| $ + ffl ft> a ffi B8 X ^ Jh 3C fff.lftSS i k^ m z * 31 v4v _ I * rfti The TMi^lish Government at the present time has drafted a Bill dealing with the question of the minimum legal wage. The attitude <>f the miners is very quiet, and there is no sign of any disturbance. The present strike will affect some 500,000 workers in the various industries of London. The coal transport workers have also declared (their intention to strike). (The fact that) coal is a contraband of war will also prohahlv help the striker^. A certain London paper say.s that the Government is concerning itself with the strike, and i. & j',V began a rou.uh draft !,'!'---# $ the first 'Iraft of a scheme; here to draft a liill to bring before Parliament. - 1 fft dealing with the lowest labour money legal discussion discussing the question of a minimum wage '1 f;J the attitude toward : dealing with M fj the lowest X jQ: ?J: '-& labour's legal wage & of speech. ,v fv BS attitude ; bearing. 4- 82 S? shadow and echo - the way it affects others : as substance produces shadow and sound echo, so the action of the miners // reaches to, affects, the I.i 'iidon labi 'tircrs. 12 MSSONS IN EtEMENTARY WENLI. If* 3? m m m ffr K'J' has informed the mine-owners that if they will not consent to . . . jr. as a linal settlement of the affair. READING LESSON XII. Compulsory Reformation. T| tt Jg >H AM if? -t AJffi* v flfa ^ A X^_JL J A Permit for Opium Smokers to Buy Opium. I- H] Til tliis stands fur the three hitfh officials whose titles ended with u] \\7. Provincial Treasurer; Provincial Judge; Salt Commissioner, and also the drain Commissioner whose title ended with i.e., fti M'. 2. iH ,l.i(, to reduce in due proportion. ,v i^ !!?? it appears that the opium-smoker ment of the facts (of his case) and has applied for a frequently of things granted as a favour )$ ' holding $g ijf truthfully fill up the details of his application. 4. I'J, . . . . fl that it may he evidence to produce when purchasing opium. 5. 2Jf . . . .ft a necessary-to-be-sent Permit. This phrase often occurs at the end of official communications, but it is not easy to decide as to its exact meaning. has made a true state- Permit. {$ used not in- the facts: see below ffi ]%" 9 2 ST. LOUI^ MO. W IE -h LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. 12 m m -t- A ^ Ha z is i m nM Jl MM ffiW * SJ: ^ m W\ i 3ft PI n B t A 11- jfc s flM 9 =F- m .'II ' 5r ; A*u lunnluT -',^.^5 under the character 'Spring.' i )i icummts are nftc-n rlassificcl undi-r diu- or otiu-r of tlie characters found in the -"p 'Y- - l ' H> Thousaml I'haractcr Classic. 'I'lie numbers as recorded here are in what are known as $. j j|( t$j or (; '/"- Soiiclic-w numerals. These are commonly employed in business: f'f.T" or ,'j' 1 , are written under the first lisinre <>f the series: e ., | ~T2o XT."1 .4. -'30 : -'-Ort 00.700 : -'-OOOi ( "'.oo7. _'. iH- . . . !'(; this detailed Permit Jf{ refers 1" the various items. f$- TI'(. .?. !;''- M!!;?. 4- y'/ fit before it will be possible to ... 5. *ff 'ft prepared opium : boiled and ready for consumption. l'iefre beinu subjected to tins jirocess it is known as ji -(- : the ashes left after smoking arc called ffi W< smoke ash. (>. / . . . '};'( must not exceed the amount (smoked) during ti\e days; i.e., if he Miii >ked i'5 a day. not more than Hi. should be sold him at one time. 7. !!& .../" i 'iiium must only be purchased from authori/ed dealer.-. S. |I; . . . %, only permitted to reduce the quantity, not to increase it. n. . . . A "no i' of raw opium is the ei|iii\'alent <>! /V -^ i>repared opium 1!; . . . . U" other amounts to be calculated at the same rate. f :tf to break off and n ck. m t' < calculate. 10. 3}[ . . . ^ n is now decided to collect uniformly < ihc price) m --iKvr instead of 'cash', at the rate of fifteen cash to a 'treasury' candareeii. ft to be the equivalent of: to turn into, as one value to another: li( -'|^ Treasury scale--the otiicial standard weight. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. raj: M 1. Jf- . . . ^ amounts bought under an ounce to be calculated at the same rate, ftl 3f to deduct and reckon. 2. r{i . . . Jft to report on and forward to the head Taxation Kureau. rjl to report to a superior ft? to forward, as a prisoner, etc. 3- 5ft iS t' ie amount of opium bought must, with date, be filled in on accompanying form (not printed in this Lesson), which must then be stamped with the shop stamp. # -f amount; how much. ? fe'I after leaf a form orginal- ly attached to the Permit. H }] %, J: the columns headed [J /] respectively. 4. W . . . . |< if goods are tendered in exchange for opium, the amount of opium givc-n must not exceed live days ' supply. J-U. take 4% goods $J ifj in exchange fur opium, i.e., no matter what value the goods may be, no more than the live days' supply is to be given. LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. LESSON XIII. m =. -f % 13 TIMES AND SEASONS. B fa 3L a Z TJ ' h JM fi ft, ti 3 H "t* "A: fr'fti ft* S K & M Si], EoS- ft^Sf $? ^c ^ Jit Differences between the Chinese and Foreign Calendar.* The world revolves once round the sun in a little more than ^6^ days. The astronomy of each country, generally speaking, fixes this as a year and di\ides the year into twelve months. The number of days in the year does not exactly make up the time taken for the earth to revolve round the sun, hence each (country) in- tercalates in order to rectify this. i. % M different, similar -points of difference. _'. JJ3J . . . # then- arc ,V>5 days and over. # ' fhi 1 ndd ; single. ^. '].... f] efiuallv divide the year intn twelve nmnths IT. ^ the year K. often--' the ' 0; 'into' e.g.. ^ R di\ide into . . . I- i'^i 'ilc i" st '"li^h up; to exactly correspond with. 5. I'j . . ~,t. hence each arransi'i-s to intercalate in order t wipe ->nt the ^'d.l perii>il>. li't: to pin i>r ]>lace to place in order; tn arrange for irt ,!l', u.-nal!\ a noun, neus; report, etc., here used verhally, to do away with. o. /c . - . .'j .ureat estahlished month. .^ indicate^ tin relation of )] to the ode: it is so related that it has ,;o da\s. II ft M Timcjlics like an arn>i like a shuttle, 95 13 B*#r *,+ ^ ^ ifL Tj3 >T* P >J^ ^\ ^ '& 6^1 S K ^=1 Sfc S 0| I1 1 v^rii *-^ * -* ^ t*4 oH P il W M f*i-\ |K | i * i tm *f-3 t * ^T.1 * ip_rt II I i JHU vlr^ If H W tftX W W LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY rti , tt! + & ft f ft J-l as A A * ^ H % t ^.=: - if I ^ ^L + H. -a- ii.itt t; A M, E 9 0/* rfn The Calendar of our country has decided on 30 uavs for a lon^ month, and 29 days for a short one. (So reckoned) the sum of the days in a year does not equal the time the earth takes to revolve nund the sun. In all (there is a shortage of) over ten days. The result is that, in the course of two years, there is an odd amount of :?') days, making one month an intercalary month. In such years there are thirteen months. In the Calendar of Western nations, everv mouth has either 30 nr^i days, only the Jnd mouth has 28 days. All told, these days fall short of the time it takes the earth to revolve round the sun. hv six hours, fn the course of four years these six hours amount to a day, and are added to the jnd month, making the number of its days 2(). This (extra) day is an intercalary (lay. Our Calendar determines the new moon and full moon by the revolution of the moon once round the earth; hence il is known as the Lunar Calendar. The Western Calendar determines the year 1. p$ t<> inspect, lirrc iiiW H g if ^ 2. W f" lo* t< B A Rough Draft of the Rules of the United Educational Association. T - $C W 5i< educationists. -'. JU . . . JFj( in order to supervise the progress of education. 3- V"J Xn ?et forth as follows . . . 97 is LESSONS IN WNIJ. ft : & text books. . . . Jft matters connected with methods of teaching and administration. 3- 4- Schools. S. $c . . . J'J4 to unify the language and literature of the Five \'atins, i.e., Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian, Thibetan, and Mohammedan. 9- Xi: . . . one of the following qualifications. 10. 7J\ . . . ;& one who is introduced by two senior members of the Association. ir - ^h $[{ to introduce; to introduce friends to each other. 12. fy ?fc to complete a course of study; to graduate. 13- '!' . 'fi" a graduate of a higher grade than a High School. The new order of schools is Primary School $J ^ ']* ^i $or '^j 5t -?- ^; Preparatory School ffii S?f J Intermediate School r|i ;;ji ^; High School ;;';] -^i /J> X*i ^?'; College or Univer- sity ft $ $1 & or * i!J K. 14. m . . , & one who at present fills, or who has in the past filled, the post of teacher $C 11 a teacher. 15. $&.'&' one thoroughly versed in the principles of education. 16. sA ff -Ji \"ice-President. 9 8 LKSSONS IN ELEMENTARY WEN 13 ^ o If Zl^ st Jfc jt A * -t 8 A 88 - r* 4x^ flt IS o m A 9 A $ -b ^ -^ M'J J. il ^ to elect by vote. -' !fi i- A the originator. 4- : fiu ff ; i meeting where all the members are present. 5. J|] . . . tfi elected by ballot in which no names are recorded; secret ballot ffc ;yj to cast in a ticket ballot. o. flj . . . nf bnt it must be anthorixed by the majority. $, 2f the majoritv, in contrast to '\? >lft the minority ; ,;$ nj to recognize as allowable; to authorize. 7. Tf: J0J the term of office. S. $i 'it expenditure. - A ^ ''^ entrance fee. ii. ff . . '$ the riplits. privileges, and, duties of members ^J H duties. u |-'A| . . . nf to make known the objects of the Association [^ |^ to explain and spread aim >ad. i.v K* ^ liave responsibility in the matter of fnnd.- 14. >U . . . tf^ members of the Association have the nVut. on th'- opening of a session, to express their opinions, or to bring forward matter- fur discussion and decision. [!,'] ff to open a meeting, i'i contrast to '(_ ft { ( , close a meeting. 99 14 J01 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY Jdb* JH Jl 1 o ^ -t- -& ^11 those who act in any respect in the following manner .... '$ those who bring discredit on the good name of the Association. LESSON XIV. ffl THE FAMINE FETE. b\* KS. n R&% E ^r AL m /> nr J ^ An Account of the "Exhibition." m it The members of the l^amine Relief Committee, both Chinese and foreigners, on account of the appalling famine conditions in various parts of .\nh\vei and Kiangsu. and the need of large funds for both relief and relief works decided to borrow the Wei Shuen Garden belonging to Mr. Chang, and throw it open for a grand 1. '{% S'g a ri\ai ui.-i>!u.\ uf gems, a;i exhibition \ uare^; alM> jj' $f. 2. '$&... ff C'hinc.-c a;i'l i ; Mri-iyn 1'uhlic Relief Organization. Tlii- i^ tho title of a committee composed of Chinese and foreigners, formed to collect funds in aid of the sufferer- from famine in the provinces of .\nh\vei and Kiangsu. _V ^- 3j nnner ditt'-i'cnt jurisdictions, in part? '"if the t\v> provinces of Kiang- su and Anhwei. 4- X ^ labi.mr and reli; ! lioth in i ijn-rali' >n ; relief \vurks and relief by grants of grain and money. 5- 4V t public discussion: .'-V indicates the action of both parties. 'J~<> 100 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. ^ * -^ . ' - Hi, ** StBi' -b 14 -b -x*- Z m a 1=1 PP -/r 7L i M sv- ri 1 1 1 m ; R if- ffr ^ m ifff n $ ,11 ft iCxhibition fur !)oiic\-olcnt purpose^ f')i' three days the J^th. JOth. and j~th. "f tlu 5th month, foreign calendar, i.e., the <;th. loth, and i i th, of the 4th month, Chinese calendar. Kach day it was open from _}. p.m. till midnight. \Ve hear that the displays were extremely tine. There \\ere dancing, Chinese and foreign music, theatricals with both male and female actors, iire- works, hypnotism, and all sorts of moving pietures: pleasing to a degree to both ear and eve. In addition, both foreign and Chinese trade>men opened >tal!<. and exhibited lor sale goods oi \-arious kind--: the lu>tre of gems and jeweK caught the eye and tilled one \\ith surprise. There \\ere refre-hmeni -tali- and e;i fes \\here you could indulge- at ]>lea-nre. There was much more movement and life about this [Exhibition than about anv )re\ii'ii-l\ held. 14 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY 7 B = iP fr 91 1ft J3t ii /VJ\ 'yu |3J H'i fflj H. If > If f. ff ? Ml fii M ft BK^ 5c* Ml X * f/r ^ BUB IS Sfc .a f if j^i ^ ^ si m if ; xfo $r r m ^. i XK. 4/1 M-i /J We also heard that Ching-yiiin-ching, Chen-hsin-seng, Cheng chien-yii, Hong-ping-chiah. and Hsii-chi-ih, on account of their earnest desire to help the work of famine relief, invited fellow-actors who shared their sentiments to perform the piece The Sorrowing Swan and Her Tears of Blood. They acted the heart-rending con- ditions of the calamity-stricken people to the life, without need of embellishment. These gentlemen, in addition, acted a new play The Awakening of the Age. The point of it was to arouse their fellow-countrymen from their lethargy to g< > forward with the awakened and progressive Xew China. Their purpose, too, was to interest the visitors and add to their enjoyment. Each actor gave his services irce. with a s< >U- desire for the public good; all proceeds were in charge of the Relief Committee. The}' have decided to act the two pieces on Saturday and Sunday. May we earnestly request 102 tKSSONS IN KT/KMKNTARY WKNIJ. ^ $ f! % lii,^ fo ^ $& ft ^) T IS 14 the different sections of the community to put their business aside, and favour the Gardens with a visit: this is most desirable. In all probability, at that time, gentry and traders of a benevolent turn of mind, and earnest-minded ladies will, without fail, come together to see, (and so) enlarge their horizon. I - f$ & connected sleeves side by side; together. READING LESSON XIV. |/y Oyez A 3t A M H S3! m Hi H 19 0, f- Jh )i t<> pulilish; to issue, as n paper or book ffo i ' edition ' ;is (Hj ^ the fourth edition : copyrii^lit is expressed by ftf< ff|. -^. fc ,& \vill our readers take nue of the citi/cns of that country; and he sent him into his fields to teed swine. And he would fain have been nlled with the husks; that the swine did eat: w 3. k jS shortly; in n<> l"ii.y time. 4. ftft provisions; rations: hero ust-il vrrlially. to iji\v food to 5. &* . . . #i 'U'sirc'l to takr tlv husks \vhirh th- IMU'S ati-, etc . SJ| ^ 15 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENU. 1 . I '* I P'~ \ ^ TLj- P*JH- *-^rf X^ J ^*+- | m and IK^ man ga\T unto him. But when he came to himself he said, TTo\v many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare, and I perish here with hunger! [ will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, 1 have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight: F am no more worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants. And he arose, and came to his father. But while he was yet afar off. his father saw him, and was moved with compassion, and ran, and foil on his neck, and .kied him. And the son said unto him. Father, I have sinned against heaven and in thy sight: I am no more worthy to be called thy >on. But the father said to his servants. Bring forth quickly the hot n ibc. and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand and ' '$L ~%- l " "ttVm! against heaven. Confucius added ^f. fijj jjj$ 111 none to whom one can pray : our Lord teaches here the open way to the Father. - ^. ^ '-t will he enough if you regard me as a hired servant. 3- t{J : distant from. 4. J2 to clothe. I O/> LlCSSONS IN 1CLUMKNTARY 15 * X * ,^ JE . J K ~ ft ft> ti # Ji * 7 7 J3E tit -?A ,- ^l& ED fv JES w (:? --y^ k a. -T Jit ft il ft.tt IB ft 58C Ifc f* l lei ^ A ^ l^offl 7 it Bfi ^ 9 MM^ P]' SC & ffi f B8 ifl T J 7 shoes on his feet: and itrin^ the fatted calf and kill it. and let us eat and make merry: for this my son \vas dead, and i> alive a^ain : he was lo>t ami is found. And they he^'an to he merry. Now his elder son \\ as in the field: and a^ he came and drew ni^'h to the house, he heard musie and danein^. And he eailed to him one ut the servant-, and inquired what these things mi^lit he. And lie said unto him. thy hrocher is come: and thy father hath killed the latted calf, hecause he hath received him safe and sound. Kill he was angry and would not go in: and his father came out and entreated him. Km he answered and said to his father. LO. these many years do 1 serve thee, and I never transgressed a commandment oi thine: and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that 1 might make merry \\ith my friends: hut when thi^ thy son came, which hath devoured thy living with harlot-, thon killed->t for him the fatted calf. And he said unto him. Son, thon art ever with me, and all that i> mine is 10; 15 IvUSSONS IN EXKMIvNfARY WNI,I. X ffii M 3r.f tfc 7 5E thine. Hut it was meet to make merry and be glad : for this thy brother was dead, and is alive again: and was lost and is found. READING LESSON XV. Ji. + The Old Order Changeth m M is IB si m It it *t A B M * If 'I'his Reading l.esson has been inserted as being of historic interest. It marks the passing of the Great Pure Dynasty, which for more than three centuries controlled the destinies of the Chinese people. During its last years, Modern China sprang into being, and it is pathetic to consider that the one Kmperor whose sympa- thies were with it should have passed away without seeing the consummation of those reforms he so ardently desired, and on account of which his liberty and power were taken from him by the masterful Tzu flsi. ro8 LKSSONS IN KMiMIvNTARY IB m js>m,is is 38 1m\ & AIT^ . -T j i/il) ;K R,^ H ,K,^ii* Jin /I ^iTr JM i'f I. 7^ to inako known l> >. -'. ''{' B?n in one's minority; \\lnlc a minor. ,v 'R % lrop tin- curtain and listen to ^o^ eminent ; to a'lininistcr the alTairs of .^>vornmont. I-'oinaK 1 in >:losty is sniiposod to need a curtain between thc Empress Dowager and the Ministers of State. 4- KS Hf the commands of an Empress. 5- VI 1 (i^t :i divine utensil ; the throne. 0. & 'n' Tliese are the titles of the late Emprcs> Dowaycr. They have b:en rendered as fidlows: " The Empress Dowager ( Qfc V? > m uherl\ , auspicious, orthodox, heaven- blessed, prosperous, all -null rishing, brightly mam fest, calm, sedate, perfect, lon^-lived. respectful, revered, \\orshipftil, illustrious and exalted." These sixteen honorific titles gave their possessor the right to an annual grant from the public funds of 1 0.3,0.) J taels I. say Cjo.o).)) for each title. For an illuminating account of this remarkable wu.u'in see "China under the Empress Dowager." IO9 15 IN ELEMENTARY YVE ^ p ** + - g-. IE 1 iE X ^ t Standard; grade; attain- ment. a year used largely of dead persons. mcnt ; orm o government. to recmi- ? struct: to set \vho 2 ; indi- cating agent 7 : indicating a class io ; !"> Tin- ing part of noun 14. 97 85 13 fn^- Govern- j n order. Jtlf Christ. 8 meiit Bonds. 0f^ Politi- f>li $L Ivec'rding iu^ijsC Spiritual- cians. Secretary. l&fu^ Stud\- of ^lilifu l^'unda- f'#$Ku! Search- politics tion;base. light. filT^Jvfl ^T ^vl CH ' ENG fffSn An auli- V>o 5 1 1 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY tianity. 8 |7JJ^ Endow- ment. memorative tablet. Memorials ; Keepsakes. IPB mi 72 CHIH 16 3; 21 62 60 20 51 44 21 Violent. Influence. CH'I J 25 ; sign of geni- tive2; indicat- ing a class 2 ; descriptive 3; 12; 25; pro- noun 8 ; 9 ; 17; this 49 ; to go 59- 41; 46 30 62 1 10; 14 68. 23 47 32 21 60 9 I 95 Jtftfl The rest; the remainder. ft The start- ing point. CHI 3 CHI AH CHIANG 44 57 43 CHIE 25 Loans ; a 14; 16; 58; 65- it 5^63 CH'IANG loan. Security for loan. CH'IE 76 a 5i 57 14 CHIEH 28; 5 8 fif 61 55 l^fJJJ Interroga- tion. CHifH 72 95 [ Dras- tic measures. #IiC Strug- 18; 74 1 gle for exist- 20, ence. 43 tt$PPM A fi erce to have battle, the supremacy. CHIEN CH'I I/ To procrastinate. 65 95 16 43 45 CHIAO 7JfL Epaulette CH'JfH CHIA (ff 7 2 I 25 Ifci 98 $ 3C$ Diplomatic ^ 7 intercourse. $W^ 9 5 6; 7 8 ( officel ' s )- CH'IEN 18 63 $; The future. itKlicatini? a a ^ a g . chane ot class 7. views. 30 89 ca'iAO tnre. millenialists. 114 SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. volve foreign interference. CHIN ' J 7 it=r 20 57 63 ifilil 79 $1^ Progress in or towards; advance. jfjifj? Progress. j||P Import. Evolution. '^rfi Finance ; money trans- actions. 85 40 Mmm Finan- cial organiza- tion. CH'IN Struggle for existence. iffi Finances. 47 47 47 70 70 For money to be "tight." fca*Peking. Kalgan Rail- way. CH'ING CHUH 20; 45 80 Neutral ; neutrality. ||I Medium;; "pass" of ex- aminations. iJ|Jj 98 2 Candle power. CH'U Government, i ik^rft Orders from the Cen- tral Govern- ment. 39 46 47 52 no CH'UH HiJK ffiP Export. f A request ; an invitation. fW 51 53* Y. M. : C. A. 104; Tsing'-i tao-Tsinan Railway. CHUAN 3 2 63; Ambassa- nese Republic. CH'ONG 68 1 10 ^ Opposi- tion ; to come into collision with. ffii 103 42 68 86 48 58 70 68 Special items. A patent. CHU dor. CHING 5 20; 52 CH'UAN 8; 46 8;!*, 53 i 86 =iij To make eiKjuiries. 16 >o;53 J!|t ^ISi m& 5 63^ 70 7 99 ^ CHOH CHONG ;& 103 ^ 104 'jlk To advo- cate; to origi- nate. Motive power. CHUANG 57 98 34 72 78 19 60 91 CHUEN 64:81 CH'UEN Pure, as 74 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI. FAH language. CHUI CH'UI 46 CH'UEN 109 CHU & 92 99 44 Igjj To second a motion. !$ To vote for a motion. 54 1 43| Powers ; e.g., of a Pres- gj ident. 51 ^H The whole, ' 4 gj body of; all fr#f (j 2 \ together. E*3iA 3 tt S "-lif- Indus- FAN trial exposi- tion. CHUIN g 57 >L- - 50 40 49 Franc. To eluci- date; to start a new idea. 87 64 43 82 43 52 58 salute. CHUH I State of af- fairs. Neutral. CH'ii 104 33 \Yithdraw ; d<> away with ; can- cel. Jfcffi To make a treaty. CHUEH 26 48 4 $* ]\Iartial law. Military songs. |fc Equal priv- ileges of nations. Military Sphere ; scope ; prov- ince ; juris- diction. FANG # mumsts : socialists. CH'UIN ii ; 61 1 8 64 64 (IB 93 ^f]tu Point of view ; position. Precau- tions. Direction; aim. 57 57 12 65 FEN 6r 43J95 Divergent. FENG glj FU 2 4 32 5 1 Corrupt, as of the age, men, etc., obselete, out of date. 78 FUH <** 43 FBI 83 104 54 60 60 50 m 116 12 49 tla - SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. HAN_ ^ "" ' "" 22 106 understanding as to the real ^ facts. HUA Market for goods; sphere of sale. 31 ft The 'funny' 5! column of a * Sacrificial] newspaper, victim; a pa- t]^ Novels; triot ready to die for his country. Present appearances ; phenomena. Way of retreat. chane creden- _ spond; to f o l- it ft Confidence. Federated * cedent. cussed in turn. SJUJ D 1 1 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENIJ. HSIU ]!|L Stripes on sleeve to indi- cate civil or militar rank. ESU m Nihilists. HSUEN 65 III 49 65 72 99 To declare war. \$ Selected class for special studies. HSiiiN ifij e;i|'J 5fR*i? Scouts. 3 i J 4, I IQ 6 + 55 I defined by Jfl 7; to employ 9 ; indicating ob- ject proposed 9 ; marking- object 9; n ;] 22; 43; 44;! 45; 73; be- cause 19; 55; in order that 20; joined to another word 21 ; shewing result 21 ; on account of 24; means used 39 ; so as to 39; 55; 61; introducing subject 54; to the effect that -stands at be-, ginning of a communica- tion 68 i i 8 8 1 43 29 46 69 89 95 56; 65 109 26 26 33 42 62 44 73 lint In or- der to observe public opinion. 'it $5} A motion.: -^ Hff Congress (U. S. A). H & Cordially agreed to af- ter discussion. HJ5c Parliament- Hfl Member of Parliament. Philosoph- ical instru- ments. Jgff;J$ The motion is lost. im^iL The motion is car- ried. no Lack of cohesion; separation. ^r^*^ To adopt a gold standard. IA 74 85 42 B 35 IAH 40 40 IH -ft 62 46 II 4 62 53 85 ii 1 1 .|Tj. 69 '/ 36 . />"W *J ; . . . 'fr 6 '^ Article translated from another To im- prison. IANG iff Foreign firm. __IAO -IE' The impor- tant point. M^ The main thought. IE 4 newspaper. 6b 26 54: 6; ii 49 8 28 28 High- handed pro- ceedings. 118 SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. IEN gg ]> aiu l O f 19 ; 20 musicians. IONG 45 Sol, *B 7 7 58 m 62 J85fc 63 ^^ 103 93 ffrlHMft Choir. 93 93 To investi- tf 2 ; J 5; 17 ja gate. # l8 I 42 & 21 ; 58; 59; $ Mutual re- vival of the lations. fittest. r-vi . //c fip *rt K'AN cross nurse ; hospital ma- 42 i tron. IUH IU KAI 42; 73 tt 20; 31; 44 42 95 35 K'ANG l ;??/ Vigor- ous protest. IN 64 m 97 Bank. W& Peril - A con- 9 65 f 42 10 8 80 cert. Jf$ v^tamp duties. i^P 95 ^'^ High class ; "distinction," of examina- 3 2 73 To change ; to reform, 42 73 % 34 K'AI KAO 103 33 fa An adver- tisement. 98 98 58; 60 65 KEH Ii\G \\$ To treat u^ show well. ' . . . f i 6 KAN M # # 4; 16; Separation. 7 7 .. ; 52 29 1 8 jj- 62 I)]J ul ^fj-tt^' : 7 T*'^ 'I' inter- ?lBW 9 1 |jf^uf) 8 1 fere: inter- i^Vi'^'J 22 $JffE[i] Kinder- ference. W'-fc\ Cinemato- garten. T'ffi To meddle graph. ^'lJ5t/pj Bost of- with; to in- i^^-p5J[)^C 103 lice. tervene. 3 IOH K'EH KENG P 'I'd TvS _KEO_ y. A toady : a ycophant. K'KO ().> 94 LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY KIAI i8;6 4 KO A Individual ; as opposed to collective. Public debt. Universal principle. Sappers JgJ^ and miners. Chamber of Commerce.' :Jj|^: Public schools. KU 5j Interna- tional law. Naturaliza- tion. re- vve peace ne- KOH i; 49 100 5 68 Cab- inet Officers; the Cabinet. K'O m 34:48 M 52 J} Shares company. 5 2 Share- holder. ^ Stock. { To applaud. 58 lift 8 82 iSR-Ifa Adviser to the govern- ment. as of an am- bassador. gfjjj The Budget. ffl'ft National Classics. KONG V Uli S 2 38 12 ; 48 54 100 58 57 JT'-t K'U KUA K'UAI KUAN 18 93 [ / National! flag. n^ Kingdom ; government. [H|g Constitu- tion or dignity of the State. [Uflf Chinese Senate. [MB 37 P^| State rights. Xational subscription. '-'Jt Armv of ^ c *" the Republic. LEI LI 104 85 ters of State. 42 42 Privileges; advantages. Spccula- tion ; theorv. Ground of riht. 32 Political economy. " 33 120 SYLLABIC INDlvX TO CHARACTKKS AND PI1KASHS. $jfc LIB LIU MAI MIEN 44 ?^ Studer t s | f { '/gy.r 27; who study | lation. ~'M Constitu- abroad. L ,wi,al go\ ment. LIANG 103 MIN MAN LIAO LIEH \ The Great Powers. rn- 63 9- 85 68 97 eat piSJfut rnono- graph. LO ia.J ~J ^ji^f 5 2 JXI3 3 2 ;\3 i^ii'M 3 2 JiAJil/r 63 MEH JX Head of the LOH ism. LONG If 63 LU m 20 p e i )le - ^icjp! Army or MEI the Republic. ^ 5 |!EJc]x: ^I a gis- ^ 9 ; 45 tratc. 3(1^ 29 fj Arts. MING H-ftj^t Artists. 4Rlll^ 73 ^ ^ & ill 1 03 ^J ^ Reputa- tion ; fame. MEN nn F'j 104 P'jrff 86 MO MENG ^fc 7 2 Jftf/fc; Renter. LUH ^ 3 !tf':'.T? T nml ance of power, i LIEN forces; the W"6' -Mongolia, army. i^fcf 1 ! 1 ^ 105 f^jjt 5ft 'Hie army ^ 5j< ^4^'Ji^ 9& ^ a &- MEO MUH If ji tUi T 3 J-1' C'on feder- LUEN .^o 33 55 # 17:^ rltt An edito- .*/=. MI rial : to discuss. S( : iJSl Ethics; so- ciology. 49 ' Lit i^fn Supersti- NEI or NUI 41 MIH 49 LING 41 -:]- ^f{| Cipher: ^]^ 103 secret writing. l^Jj/i] The Cahi- J& -i ^'^ Secret net. telegram. ftfjjfrft Hoard of (i2 MA ( '^ , , 02 $# 03 ^"^ 54 -^^L ^ [;u ' k MIEH NENG cS I 121 NIH LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI- 57 !MTtT 46 Lll Pari NIEH Prince Recent. P'AI PEH Berlin. 14 T> NIU P'EH 63 tflW Auction ; 78 ftii Turn out sale by auction. to trade. PIH P'l 9 8 mwm 103 the : ^Kft Vaccine -W..M q^ virus. ' the fc ^J Slaves; seryile. P danchus. pEl tyres. P'lH PIAO PIEN urn out rrt j T reigners. VJt - S 2 9 AN ^ 29 NONG mm j^Xlf^iil') Board ns<- of Agriculture J|\w and Commerce. *JL|_K p t Agriculture p< and Forestry. fJCjlffjilL ists. ND IO3 f^tf ^2 103 $?3fit ^4 go simism. 'nee. P'EI AN ^p>l" Indemnity. Anarch- PEN ^ ft Variation. f ; f ; M T apolo- gize for; an apologist. F'lEN ^ 10; 52 LNG i^ 16 ft* -7Q P^ P^ w NU_ P< T^ \4TTO ^/~VT J /qv/Ji. 4' J 17 P'ENG 4.NG i^ * n-f y-*-\ 1 I0 4 PING coJps/ #R In / r -F-fjC~tf 98 ence - ^"F^ffiilll I 4| S5 --- RU ^f it Proper 22 business. -p-]^ Ol'ticer in command. P]^^ The execu- tive. 3^ -==lA k i r : ? Pnm- PJ TTuiC VxOlll mandant. REH J*7> 1 $>^ * &m Zealous; ibm Infantry. m PUH ardent. REN 64 29 42 42 10 ; 30 ^^ X *% ^)JIi '&& 7>a x%\ ^iil'J T>- ^T *Jffi ^f'J-B 99 An p a Moral qual- ities. i ,fr- he human U 07 race. ; ^ fi/ r " Aft Ethnology. iu ^ /4 88 RUH SAI SAN SENG so 37 98 16 43 O- 07 57 IOOi I OO 10 p'u i i RENG Universal ;i (Jj general. [}'j 80 1 6 if) SONG su 6 ; 62 j'H 93 SUH 5^ "Continued from the last" issue. s'f SUEN LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY SHAO SHUH State of the f market; com- mencal news. jj-'! Commerce. jjV^ Trade As- s< >c i at i' >n ; ].!oard of Trade. 124 SYLLABIC INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND PHRASES. TAI iiffli 34 House of U Representa- tives. 5 T'AQ 5 2 .\&fik Natural 2 9 selection. To clean out ; to reduce, as number of employees. To ask for an opinion ; to discuss. T'AI :/ Attitude, as of one Power to another. TAN T'AN 86 TEH i|U Germany. (^ Moral cul-j ture. T'EH 103 Conver- Special powers. Distin- guishing characteristics. 59 sazione. TANG 'lM P'irty- political. TAG Marked dif- ferences. TENG ^J To sever $11f[| To trans- (a country) fer, as officials into two or troops. halves. T'lAO T'EO Kf An article, 52 as of a treaty; 52 particulars ; $W. 99 provisions of ^^Contributedj a deed. Bar gold. Recom- mendations. 65 ' : ^^J Treaty ; conditions of 43 53 20 44 53 81 81 Subway. !," Seat of Government ; location. ;'] To oppose; opposition. 43 &#I!t 43 T'l TIEN m 5 74 i ; itise. 4 ;f Sign of plu- ral i ^ ; 1 8 ; 6 1 TEO 47 47 47 54 '^[ij Telephone. I To suggest; ^ ^Telegraphic code. to incite; lead. f Pliysical culture. to j Ivlectric light. 3i Telegraph- : transfer. T'lEN 63 80 1J WESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLJ. $1 Evolution, jjl-^jg Boy jJJI Natural se- Scouts, lection. Anti- footbinding society. An ob- servatory. 1^ To nom- inate. Degenera- TU TUH TING The limit. T'U T'ING > -km L oca i row _ 14; 62 dies. TO 79 TOH Board of 72 / - TONG 50 54 50 M 4c 5 KM Property; wealth and possessions. fit B&rii) Board of Finance. TSAN To assist; to help to ft To 'corner', bring about, the market. TS'AN T'UEN TUAN T'U AN TUEN TSEH ai) 7 ; a law ; denoting conse- quence 1 6 ; rhe- torical particle. 24 "^"itf 4 1 nil ... m 7 TS'EH ^!]5 To with- draw shares from a concern. DO 6 4 / Power- political. kingdom. T'ONG I- 33 /^ 68 Brethren ; fellow coun- trymen. jl fg News ; communica- tions. Assembly Hall. {^1 Sad condi- TOI tions. Vnimal |J 31 ; 35 ; 46 ^1 To aid by counsel. Encroach- ment as on ^5i 35: 9 l f^- To recipro- cate ; respond with. .41; T'UI a country. TSAO m mm TS'AO 45 32 ty to advance or retreat. 126 INDEX TO CHARACTERS AND 1'JI RASES. f$ Q TS'I TSU T r ' 72. II n Jlfc 5 ^ 15 ffl.^1 " Conces- ;^ ?fcf 64 sion," as at ffi. BSfi 86 Treaty Ports. Tfc^-; Secondary. i^pTheFather- n-< , 3111 lo intrigue. " TS'UAN _UEI 29 ,fl| 3 ^3 Si i ^ i "r* %J 3 &f 24 2 9 j^ sign of pas- 5^ sive 3 ; 13 ; on 69: account of 40; 74 6 1 85 105 9 42 28 34 46 49 66 89 TSONG 50 ## Dancing- stage; also used meta- Q phorically. '^**~n 74$$.% 1 06 2~ j^ 18 $3 ^ ffi To com- mission to of- 2 -'feft ife Prestige for existence. , a , nd COIlfide1 ^. f ft T*t ( -f*t" tllC * /~\ * ' ux iliui V-JCi nib . Origin -^ , bacteria. Actinsr UH ])erial Party. . -*er * . m 42 Chief ^11 Chief man- ager : Premier. viif.$; The Im- JS^ Very latest: ultimate. mats. ,-^^ Highest #h3c!U Diplo- class; ' hon- malic P>ody Administrator ; ours - committee. "To be continued." Premier. TS'ONG i ; acceptance or UAN I. Reaction- jTi! To regulate the market. recognition. TS'UI ary. UANG UEN ft: 101 ftj 4^ 49 8 50 WESSONS IN KUSMICNTARY mm 40!$ 3t#EThe literary;-^ column of a!"& newspaper. Arts course in college, illsl Literature. [%* Diploma. 73 17 42 35 63 105 16 25 56 Estimates. ft 7 .E 6 42 6 3i Budget. 72 17 tTEH 28 63i 96 63 fS'M: Reading Club for newspaper. 43 XB Senate (U. S. A.) DEN 49 To hand over in continuous instalments. ClN I* 15 3 6 jiiJt 6 3 5 1 JMUd Physical 79' exercise; drill. 128 UNIVERSITY OF Los Angeles book is DUE on the last date stamped below. RE