L 
 
 INIVSR-'TY OP 
 CALIPORNIA 
 
 SAN DIEQO
 
 THE 
 
 ORATION OF^DEMOSTHENES 
 
 ON THE CROWN. 
 
 WITH 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM THE ORATION OF jESCHINES AGAINST 
 CTESIPHON, AND EXPLANATORY NOTES. 
 
 BY 
 
 MARTIN L. D'OOGE, PH.D., LL. D., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 " Quid enim tarn aut visendum aut audiendum fuit, quam summorum ora- 
 torum in gravissirua causa aceurata et ininricitiis incensa contentio ( '' 
 
 Cic. de Oft. Gen. Oral. 
 
 FOURTEENTH EDITION. 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 SCOTT, PORESMAN AND CO. 
 1904
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1875. 
 BY S. C. GRIGGS & CO.
 
 TO 
 
 JAMES R. BOISE, PH.D,LL.D., 
 
 PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, 
 
 THIS EDITION OF DEMOSTHENES DE CORONA IS GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED, 
 
 AS THE FRUIT OF STUDIES FIRST INSPIRED BY HIS ADMIRABLE 
 
 INSTRUCTION, AND AS A TRIBUTE OF RESPECT FOR 
 
 HIS EMINENT SERVICES IN THE CAUSE 
 
 OF CLASSICAL LEARNING.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 aim of the present edition of the De Corona is 
 -L threefold : First, to present in the most concise form 
 possible the latest results of study and criticism upon this 
 masterpiece of Athenian oratory, especially as found in the 
 best approved editions of the German scholars. Of all 
 these editions Westermann's and Voemel's have been most 
 freely consulted and used, particularly in points of histori- 
 cal and textual criticism. The text is that of Baiter and 
 Sauppe's Oratores Attici, which follows most closely the 
 reading of , the oldest and best of the manuscripts. A 
 few departures from this text are noticed as they occur. 
 A second aim of this edition is to lead the student to 
 study the oration as a finished rhetorical and literary pro- 
 duction. No encouragement is given to such as would 
 make it mainly a vehicle for teaching grammar. The 
 grammatical notes are, therefore, few, referring in the main 
 only to the nature of conditional and to the structure of 
 relative sentences. On the other hand, frequent attention 
 is called to the rhetorical order of words, the emphasis of 
 position, the use of metaphors, the rhythm of diction, and
 
 vi PREFACE. 
 
 kindred points in rhetoric. The opportunity for using 
 illustrative material is exceedingly limited in an ordinary 
 text-book ; but the editor hopes that the few specimens of 
 illustration referred to in the Notes may stimulate a more 
 general comparison of Demosthenes with other orators, both 
 ancient and modern. 
 
 A third aim, quite akin to the second, is to enable the 
 student to appreciate the oration as a skilful plea and a 
 masterpiece of argumentation. To realize this aim it is 
 essential that he have some acquaintance with the rival 
 oration of ^Eschines. But in most of our colleges this ora- 
 tion is not read ; and the student reads a speech that was 
 made as a rejoinder to one of which he has but the slight- 
 est, if any, knowledge. To meet this difficulty, in part at 
 least, extracts from the oration of ^schines are appended 
 at the foot of the text to illustrate those points which De- 
 mosthenes makes directly in reply to his opponent. The 
 editor has found, upon repeated trial, that such a compari- 
 son, almost point for point, of the rival orations, gives new 
 interest and value to the study of the De Corona. It has 
 not been thought best to make any comments upon the 
 ^Eschines, as it would be difficult to fix any limit here. 
 Generally it will be found sufficient for the illustration of 
 the text of Demosthenes, that the pupil simply read these 
 extracts. To supplement them, and to enable the student 
 to follow and compare the chain of argument of each orator 
 throughout its entire length, a brief abstract of the speech 
 of ^Eschines has been added in an Appendix. The course
 
 PREFACE. vii 
 
 of the argument of Demosthenes can be obtained from the 
 divisions designated in the Notes. The student is recom- 
 mended to write out for himself a full abstract of this ora- 
 tion. The editor allows himself one or two more sugges- 
 tions. Let the pupil be required to notice carefully all the 
 references to other parts of the oration, and so learn how 
 certain expressions may often recur, and how the use of 
 a word or phrase in one connection may explain its use 
 in another. In a word, let the Notes be carefully studied. 
 The student will find it greatly to his advantage to read, 
 in preparation for the study of this oration, Chapters 
 LXXXIX. and XC. of Grate's " History of Greece." It 
 remains to be added, that, on account of the generally 
 acknowledged spuriousness of the inserted documents, and 
 their irrelevancy to the points under discussion, it has not 
 been thought worth the while to write comments upon 
 more than the first four, a sufficient number from which 
 to gain some idea of the internal evidence against their 
 genuineness, and to illustrate peculiar and technical uses 
 of words. 
 
 The Introduction is substantially taken from Anton 
 Westermann's fourth edition. 
 
 While in the midst of my preparation there comes to 
 hand Professor W. S. Tyler's excellent revision of the edi- 
 tion of Holmes. To both the original and the revising 
 editor I have acknowledged repeated indebtedness for notes 
 on the use and meaning of words. Besides the sources al- 
 ready named, my material has been drawn chiefly from
 
 viii PREFACE. 
 
 Whiston, Lord Brougham, Professor Larned, Reiske, Schae- 
 fer, Dissen, Bremi, Behdantz, and from Arnold Schaefer's 
 exhaustive work, Demosthenes und seine Zeit. I am also 
 under obligations to Professor J. H. Lipsius, of the Univer- 
 sity of Leipzig, for valuable lectures on this oration. My 
 special thanks are due to my scholarly colleague, Professor 
 Albert H. Pattengill, for valuable suggestions and critical 
 assistance in preparing this \vork for the press. 
 
 I shall esteem it a favor if any one using this book shall 
 call my attention to any error whatsoever. 
 
 M. L. D'OOGE. 
 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, January, 1875. 
 
 PREFACE TO THE THIRD REVISED EDITION. 
 
 IN preparing this edition, references have been made to 
 Goodwin's Xew Grammar, and many suggestions and cor- 
 rections, kindly offered by teachers and students who have 
 used the earlier editions, have been adopted. 
 
 To all who have thus aided me in presenting an improved 
 book, I desire to express my sincere thanks. 
 
 M. L. D'OOGE. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAX, June, 1880.
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 E news of the defeat at Chaeronea excited no small con- 
 sternation at Athens. In the supposition that Philip 
 would prosecute his victorious career and attack Athens itself, 
 it was determined in all haste to place the city in a better state 
 of defence. The unexpected clemency of Philip in his dealings 
 with the Athenians, and the peace brought about soon after 
 through the agency of Deniades, interrupted, it seems, these 
 hurried defensive preparations. But the importance of an ex- 
 tensive and thorough repair of the walls and fortifications had 
 thus been made evident ; and before the close of the year 338 
 a proposal was successfully made by Demosthenes, without excit- 
 ing opposition, as it appears, from the Macedonian party, that 
 the building of the walls and defences be at once carried for- 
 ward. The work was apportioned, as usual, by sections among 
 the ten tribes, each of which elected a commissioner (TCIXOTTOIOS), 
 as administrator of the funds set apart by the state for this 
 purpose, and as general overseer of the work. 
 
 The tribe of Pandionis elected Demosthenes to discharge this 
 trust. Demosthenes expended from his own resources a hun- 
 dred minas over and above the ten talents given him by the 
 state for this object (cf. vEsch. c. Ctet., 23, 31 ; Dem. 113, 
 below). This, together with his generous donation to the The- 
 oric Fund (cf. Dem. 113, below), furnished Ctesiphon, his 
 personal friend and supporter, with an opportunity to obtain a 
 public recognition of the general as well as special merits of De-
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 mosthenes as a citizen and politician. Accordingly, Ctesiphon 
 proposes, in 337 B. c., a decree that the state should honor De- 
 mosthenes with a golden crown, not only for these benefactions, 
 " but also especially because he constantly says and does what is 
 for the best interest of the people " (cf. ^Esch. 49) ; further- 
 more, that the herald should proclaim this crown in the theatre 
 before the assembled Greeks, at the time of the great Dionysia. 
 
 The Macedonian faction saw in this proposal only a stroke of 
 policy on the side of the Patriotic party, which party interests 
 bade them thwart at all costs. When, therefore, the Senate 
 brought this proposal, which appears to have passed this body 
 without serious opposition, for confirmation before the Assem- 
 bly, ^Eschines entered protest, and declared his purpose, under 
 oath (cf. note, 103, below), to bring a COMPLAINT FOR ILLE- 
 GALITY (ypa<f>ij Trapavo/juDv) against the author of the proposal. 
 The immediate sequence of this declaration was the suspension 
 of the bill until this question should be decided. The com- 
 plaint, according to ^Eschines, 219, was formally brought 
 prior to the death of Philip, which occurred in July, 336. 
 
 In the bill of indictment ./Eschines attacks the legality of 
 the proposal (now a 7rpo/3oi'Aeiyxa) at two points : (1) that the 
 statement contained therein, that Demosthenes constantly aims 
 in his words and deeds at the best interests of the state, is false, 
 and to insert a false statement in the public documents is for- 
 bidden by law (cf. ^Esch. 50) ; (2) that the proposed crowning 
 was a violation of the existing laws in two respects, inasmuch 
 as Demosthenes had not yet given account of the offices for 
 which it was alleged he had deserved so well, and again in that 
 the proclamation was to be made in the theatre at the great 
 Dionysia. 
 
 It is plain that Ctesiphon is not the man against whom 
 such a formidable attack must needs be directed. The real an- 
 tagonist whom ^Eschines wishes to encounter is Demosthenes ; 
 the man who for so many years had defiantly opposed him, had
 
 INTRODUCTION. x i 
 
 crossed and thwarted all his purposes, had compelled him to 
 enter into a formal defence against a charge of treachery and 
 misconduct in an embassy to Philip, had all along defended the 
 common fatherland against the encroachments and schemes of 
 Macedon ; and who, even when the unavoidable calamity had 
 come, and Athens, in common with the other Greek states, had 
 fallen under the Macedonian sway, had with unwearied strength 
 and unfailing courage devoted himself wholly to the promotion 
 of the welfare of the state. Now, when the influence of the 
 Patriotic party was so greatly crippled by the disastrous result 
 of the late struggle for independence, now was the favorable mo- 
 ment for crushing the hated rival and for annihilating his politi- 
 cal existence. Such was the spirit in which ^Eschines under- 
 took this prosecution. His oration against Ctesiphon is, in point 
 of rhetorical finish, one of the masterpieces of ancient oratory, 
 but in moral tone a detestable abortion, the fruit of blind and 
 unbridled passion. In full measure he pours upon his opponent 
 the accumulated and distilled poison of his party hatred ; every 
 means is legitimate to assuage his thirst for revenge ; not one of 
 the measures of Demosthenes and he passes them all in re- 
 view finds mercy in his sight. Demosthenes, he charges, has 
 crouched before Philip ; has received bribes from every quarter ; 
 the unfortunate peace of Philocrates is of his doing ; to him the 
 unhappy Phocians and Thebans owe their ruin ; in short, all 
 the calamities that have befallen Greece lie at his door, a cari- 
 cature which, in its exaggeration, reproves and corrects itself. 
 Thus challenged, Demosthenes cannot have hesitated to enter 
 upon the contest. For, aside from the fact that he was the 
 natural defender of Ctesiphon, and also that even under much 
 less provocation it was not in the nature of an Athenian to let 
 personal injuries go unresented, nothing could have seemed to 
 him more desirable than this opportunity to vindicate publicly 
 his entire political career. Indeed, to destroy the fabric of lies 
 woven by ^Eschines, there was no need of such powerful elo-
 
 xii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 quence as Demosthenes possessed ; there was, however, need of 
 a character as pure and of as great moral dignity as was his to 
 do this with certainty, with confidence in the good cause he 
 espoused, and with success in the face of a credulous, fickle, 
 and excitable populace. 
 
 To be sure, his oration also, perfect as it is in its structure, 
 has its shadows. Such are the personal assaults upon ^Eschines, 
 comments upon which are to be found in 129, 258 ff. And 
 here we may not pass by unnoticed the fact that Demosthenes 
 does not always candidly and simply limit himself to the bare 
 statement of facts, especially is this the case when he wishes to 
 expose the weak points of his antagonist's policy or to conceal 
 those of his own ; but, on the contrary, occasionally he gives to 
 his representation a plausible and sophistical coloring. In this, 
 however, he differs in no wise from all his contemporaries ; and, 
 at all events, these sophisms, unjustifiable though they are when 
 taken by themselves, employed in a good cause are not able to 
 weaken at all the impression of truthfulness which the oration 
 produces as a whole. 
 
 Unquestionably the weakest part of the defence lay in the an- 
 swer to the technical and legal points that formed the basis of 
 the indictment. ^Eschines was too wary a man to enter upon 
 this contest without feeling sure of his ground in at least one 
 respect. The peril of Demosthenes was really this ; that his 
 opponent would argue solely the legal question in the case, 
 and, arguing this successfully, would seriously implicate his 
 political career and ruin his public reputation and influence. 
 Had /Eschines limited himself to the illegality of this proposal 
 on the score of Demosthenes's accountability (cf. 112, 119, 
 and notes), there is every reason to believe that Ctesiphon would 
 have been condemned, and Demosthenes would have remained 
 uncrowned. But this did not satisfy the hatred of ^Eschines. 
 Blinded by his passion for revenge, he weakened the force of 
 his legal argument not only in connecting with it a second
 
 INTRODUCTION. xiii 
 
 technical question of exceedingly doubtful nature (that of the 
 place of Proclamation), but also in concentrating the strength 
 of his attack upon an examination of the public career of his 
 opponent, in order to prove how unworthy he is in every point 
 of view of the proposed distinction. Thus the legal question 
 falls at once into the background ; it is no longer Ctesiphon, 
 but Demosthenes, who is on trial. And Demosthenes does not 
 fail to avail himself of the advantage that is thus offered him ; 
 but, placing the legal points in the middle of his speech, to 
 borrow the expression of the old critics, as a good general 
 arranges his weakest troops in the centre of his line of battle, 
 he devotes nearly all his efforts to the refutation of the personal 
 reproaches and charges that were brought against himself. 
 
 The trial of this suit did not come off at once, but, according 
 to various authorities (cf. ^Esch. 254 ; Plut. Dem., 24 ; Cic. 
 De opt. gen. orat., 7), was postponed until the latter part of 
 the summer of 330 B. c., a period of at least six years after the 
 indictment was first brought. What occasioned this unparal- 
 leled delay is wholly unknown ; neither orator makes the slight- 
 est allusion to it. Had there been on either side any artful 
 design in this postponement, the opposite party would doubt- 
 less have mentioned it in its own favor. The time for renew- 
 ing the complaint and bringing it to trial was doubtless well 
 chosen ; for Alexander's recent victories in the East, and the 
 destruction of the Peloponnesian league by Antipater, the 
 Macedonian general, must have newly elated the partisans of 
 Macedon at Athens, and given ^Eschines and his associates 
 fresh hopes of success in their attack upon Demosthenes. 
 
 The fame of the trial and the reputation of the rival orators 
 attracted strangers from all parts of the Hellenic world (cf. note 
 on 196). /Eschines, being the prosecutor, spoke first. If 
 the usual custom was followed, Ctesiphon, as the defendant, 
 made the first reply. What this was is unknown ; it was 
 probably nothing more than a formal denial of the charge.
 
 xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The case was closed with the speech of Demosthenes on the 
 defence. 
 
 That we possess these orations in the exact form in which they 
 were delivered, no one supposes. But to point out the changes 
 that were introduced in their revision is largely a matter ,of 
 conjecture. Some of them may at least be inferred in com- 
 paring the two orations; especially is this true of the speed i 
 of .tEschines. Demosthenes, on the one hand, alludes to topics 
 which his opponent has just treated (cf. 95, 238), "but which 
 are not found in the oration of ^Eschines ; while, again, the 
 speech of ^Eschines contains quite a number of points for a 
 reply to which we search Demosthenes in vain. It must not, 
 of course, be expected that Demosthenes would discuss all 
 the statements of his rival, point for point ; a few charges in 
 the great number may have escaped his notice, many deserved 
 no attention, and the right to pass by such as were of minor 
 importance was doubtless exercised. But that he should have 
 left unanswered entire portions of the speech of yEschines, as, 
 for example, that in which the latter depicts the last of tho 
 four periods into which he divides his rival's public career (cf. 
 Abstract in Appendix), and have passed by in silence those 
 scornful insinuations of ^Eschines in treating this period, not 
 even noticing them so much as to say that their consideration 
 was wholly irrelevant to the case, this exceeds all probability. 
 
 These considerations lead to the suspicion that u^Eschines 
 subsequently rewrote his speech, omitting in the revised edition 
 what best suited his purpose (cf. note, 95), and adding to it 
 parts which in their full extent can no longer be definitely distin- 
 .guished. This suspicion is fully confirmed in the case of two 
 passages. One of the most common artifices of the ancient 
 orators was the use of what is called vTro^opa. or suljectio, by 
 which the arguments or illustrations of an opponent are an- 
 ticipated either as a matter of conjecture or of report, and the 
 attack or defence is thereby made more difficult. ./Eschines
 
 INTRODUCTION. xv 
 
 makes frequent vise of this rhetorical artifice ; but in two places, 
 189, 225, the apparent artifice is really plagiarism. Upon 
 comparing these two passages with 319 and 243 of Demos- 
 thenes (in which connection they are cited), we find the closest 
 similarity. Now, all due allowance being made for what each 
 orator may have heard in advance of the other's line of argu- 
 ment, through the discussions of their adherents and the reports 
 of talebearers, to suppose that in such unessential and minute 
 respects as the form of an illustration one orator should exactly 
 anticipate the other, is most improbable, not to say impossible. 
 It admits, therefore, of hardly a doubt that ^Eschines copied 
 both the similes in the passages referred to from the speech of 
 his rival after its publication. Demosthenes, it is believed, pub- 
 lished his oration, if not word for word, certainly in substance, 
 as he spoke it, soon after the trial was over ; ^Eschines, as it 
 appears, published his somewhat later, taking advantage of the 
 earlier publication of his opponent's speech. Could Demos- 
 thenes, when he published his own, have had before him the 
 speech of ^Eschines in its revised form, we may suppose that 
 his also would in some points have read differently. 
 
 The final issue of the trial makes some atonement for the 
 malice to which it owes its origin. ^Eschines did not receive 
 a fifth part of the votes, and was accordingly condemned to pay 
 the fine established by law of one thousand drachmas, and to" 
 suffer inability ever again to institute a similar suit. His 
 influence and reputation were destroyed ; and unable to endure 
 the sight of the hated victor, he went to Rhodes into voluntary 
 exile. It is related that here he read his speech against Ctesi- 
 phon ; and when his Rhodian audience expressed surprise that 
 such a masterly oration should not have gained him the day, 
 he gracefully remarked, " You would cease to wonder, if you 
 had heard Demosthenes."
 
 AHMO29ENH2
 
 YFIEP KTH2I^ONTO2 IIEPI TOY 
 2TE4>ANOY. 
 
 nPHTON i*,ev, w oVSpes \\6rjvaloL, rots #eots 
 ev^o/xat Tracrt /cat Trdcrcus, o&j]v evvoiav 
 eya> StareAai rrf re TroXet /cat Tracrw vfjilv, 
 VTrdp^ai /xot Tra^)' v^taii/ et? rouroi^t TOI> 
 ' o rrep ecrrt /xaXtcr^' uTrep v^cu^ 
 /cat 7-7)9 u/xere/aa? evcreySeta? re /cat 80^5, TOVTO 
 TrapacrTrjcrai rou? Qeovs vplv, p,rj rov OLVT&LKOV 
 
 TTOLyjcraa'BaL nepl TOV TTW? OLKOVZW 2 
 
 . IN CTESIPH. 205. OVT<D 8^/ Kai TOV 
 
 ro\.oyficr6ai ?rpos TOV TU>V {/7rev0vvwv vopov 7rpu>Tov 
 
 Kttl TOV 7Tpl TWV K^uyjMttTWV ScUTCpOV, TplTOV 8e TO 
 
 j, o>s ouSe a^ios CQ-TI TT)S 8wpas. eav 8' V/AUJV 8e?;Tai 
 
 Tw Trepi r^s Tafews TOV Aoyov, KaTeT 
 
 CTTI TTJ TeAevT^ T^S aTToXoyias Xvo^et TO Trapdvo/xov, //.^ oary- 
 jS ' ayvocT^ ', OTI TraAaioyAa TOVT' CO~TI 8tao rrjpiov ' 
 ov yap flcravOi^ TTOTC fiovXfTai Trpos TO irapa.vop.ov d7roXoyeio"^at, 
 
 aAX OvSeV ^WV OlKdiOV flTTfiv TCpO)V TTapp./3o\f) TTpay/ACtTWV IS 
 
 v/xas ySouAcTai -nys KaTT/yoptas c/xySaAett/. 206.
 
 e/aov Set (cr^eVXtov yap OLV eirj TOUTO ye) 
 dXXct TOW? vofjiovs KOI TOV opicov, eV a 77005 
 a.Trao'L rot? dXXot? St/catot? /cat rovro ye'ypaTrra.' , 
 TO 6/xota)5 afufrolv d/cpoao~acr#cu. rouro S' Icrriv 
 ov IJLOVOV TO fjirj TrpOKO.T.yv(aKva.i /xr^SeV, ovSe 
 ro r^v evvoLav i(rr)v aTroSoumi, dXXa /cat TO TT^ 
 rd^et /cat r^ aTToXoyta, &)? /SeySovX^rat /cat Trpo^- 
 prjTai T&v dyamo/AeVcoz' e/cao-ro?, ovroos edcrat 
 
 3 IloXXd /aev ow eywy' eXarroG/u-at /caret rovroi/t 
 roi/ dyaii/a Ato^tVov, Svo 8', &) avSpes 'AQyvaioi, 
 /cat /xeydXa, ei^ jaei/ ort ov Trept raiv to~w^ dya>i/t- 
 ou ya^> (TTLV icrov vvv e/zot r^5 Trap' 
 euvota? Stajaapretv /cat TOVTW jar) eXeu> T^ 
 rfv, dXX' e^aot /xeV ou )8ouXo/zat Sucr^e/aes 
 et^ ouSer d/3^o/u,ei/o? rov Xoyou, ovro? S' c/c 
 TTpLovcria<; p.ov /carryyo^et. erepov S', o ^>ucret 
 avd ptoTrois V77ao^et, TWI^ /^e^ XotSoptwi/ /cat 
 
 ow ev TOIS yv/Avi/cois aytviv opare TOVS TTUKTas TTC/JI TT^S o~ra- 
 (rews dAA^Xois Staywvi^o/xeVovs, OVTO> Kat U/ACIS oA^i/ r^r rjfjifpav 
 
 VTTCO T^S TTOACWS TTCpt T^S TaftWS ttVTW TOV XoyOU fJ.aL^f(rOf, Kal 
 
 fjir] tare avrov ^w TOT) Trapavoyaov 7repu<TTa<r0ai, dAA' e 
 /^,vot Kat eveSpeiWres ev T^ aKpoao-ci eicreAauvere avrov eis 
 TOU Trpayyaaro? Xoyovs, Kai ras e/crpOTras airrov TWV Adywv e 
 pfiTf. 
 
 2^1. *A.LOV 8' (rri Kal T^V aTraiSeuo-iai/ avraiv 6e<apfj(rai. 
 ft yap ToXp.rj<Tf.L KTT^O-K^WV fiev A^/XOO-^CVT/V TrapaKaA.eti' Ae'^ovra 
 eis v/Aas, ovros 8' di/a)8as tarrov eyKw/iiacrei, ySapvrepor TUJV 
 tprywv wv TreTrovOoLTC TO d/cpoa/Aa ytyvcTat. OTTOV yap S^ TOVS
 
 EEPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 
 
 TO>V KaTrjyopiwv a/covets rjSeajs, rots e7rati>ovo~i 8' 
 avTovs d^OecrOai TOVTUV rolvvv 6 [iiv ecrrt irpos 4 
 Tv, TOVTO) Se'SoTat, o 8e ndo'LV a>9 CTTOS et7reu> 
 
 \onrbv e/xot. /cai' ju.ei' evX 
 TOVTO /XT) Xeytu TO, iTTrpa.y^eva e/LtavTw, ou/c 
 a7roXucrao~^at TO, KaTrjyoprjfjLev 'a So^w ouS' e^>' ots 
 d^tai TLfjLacrOaL 8et//wat ea^ 8' e<' a /cat TTC- 
 Kal TreTToXtVev/xat ^SaSt^w, TroXXa/ct? Xe'yew 
 irepi e/xauTov. Tretpacro/xat /xev 
 a>5 AeTLtoTara TOVTO iroielv o TL S' ai> TO 
 
 avTO avayKa^, TOVTOV TTJV aiTiav OUTO? 
 eo~Tt Sucaios e^eiv o TOLOVTOV dya>va evcrTrjo'd- 
 
 Ot/xat 8' u/xa? Trai/Ta?, a) a^Spe? 'A^i/atot, aj^ 5 
 OfJioXoyrjcraL KOLVOV elvau TovTovl TOV dyatva e/xot 
 Kat KTr)cri<f>a)i>Tt, Kal ovSey eXctTTo^os d^iov cnrov- 
 8775 e/xot' TrdvTuv ^tv yap aTrocrTepelcrOai 
 pov eo"Tt /cat ^aXeTrdi', aXXcu? T /caz^ UTT' 
 TO) TOVTO o-vufiaivr), /naXtcrTa Se T^? Trap' v/ 
 
 /x.ev oiTios avSpas aya^ot'5, ots TroAXa Kal KaAa crwwr/tcv ^p 
 eav TOV? *a$ ' eaTrrwv eiraiVors Xe'yoxriv, oi <j>fpo/J.ev orav 8f 
 ar^pwTros aio-^vvr; T^S TroXcw? yeyovws eauroi' fyKWfiid^rj s TI'S ^v 
 Ta TotavVa Kaprep^o-eiev d/covwv ; 
 
 2 1 0. oA.ws 8e TI TO. 8a.Kpva ; rt's 17 Kpavyrj ; TL<S o TOVO? 
 
 8 a.y(W ov/c aTi/xT7TO9, <ru 8' oirrc Trepi TT^S orcrias ouVe Trepl 
 
 oure Trcpi T^S cTrtn/Aias dywvi^ti ; eiAAa Trepl 
 aura) 17 cTTrovSr/ ; Trepi ^pucrwv CTTC^XIVWV ,*cai Kr)pvyp.dr(av 
 ev rc3 Ofdrpw Trapa TOVS
 
 ewotas /cat <tXav#pa)7rta<?, OCTOJ irep /cat TO 
 6 TOVTWV /AeytcTToV ecrrtv. Trept rourwv 8' oVros 
 rovrout rou dyaivos, d^ta) /cat Seo^aat Trdvrow 
 v/xa>i> d/covcrat /aou Trept rai^ Karrjyopr)- 
 aTToXoyov/xeVov 8t/catws, axnrep oi VOJJLOL 
 
 ou 6 nOels e^ dp^? SdXcov, 
 /cat Si^ju-oTt/cds, ov H.OVQV ra> ypdi// 
 ovs were Set^ etvat, dXXa /cat rw rov? St/cd^ovra? 
 6/xcu)Lto/ceVat, ov/c aTTtcrrw^ v//,t^, w? y s e/^ot <^>at- 
 ^erat, dXX' opwt' ort ras atrtas /cat rds Sta/3oXa9, 
 afs e/c rou nporepos Xe'yetv 6 Stw/cwv tcr^uet, ou/c 
 eW rw <f>evyovTi irapeXOelv, el /AT) rwi^ 
 e/caa-ro? v/>tai^ r^ TT/DOS rov? 0eov<s 
 <j)v\a.TTCDV /cat ra rou Xeyo^ro? vcrrepov St/cata 
 evvoiKcos TrpocrSe^erat, /cat Trapacr^wi' eavrov Icrov 
 /cat KOLVOV afji(f)orpoi<s aKpoaTTJv, OVTM rrjv Std- 
 yvoxriv TTOLTJcrtTai TTf.pl a.7rdvT(t)v. 
 
 MeXXcoz' 8e rov re tStov /3tov Travrds, a>5 eot/ce, 
 Xdyov SiSoVat rrf^epov /cat rwv Kousfj TreTroXtrev- 
 fjievojv, fiovXofjiaL TToXiv rev? 06ov<s Trapa/caXeVat, 
 /cat tvavTiov VJJLMV eu^o/xat Trptorov /xeV, ocrrjv 
 evvoiav e^cov eyw StareXto TT^ re TrdXet /cat Trdcrti^ 
 v/Atz^, TOcravT^v vrrdp^ai (JLOL et? rovrot't ro^ dya)- 
 va, 7Ti6* o rt /xeXXet crvvolcreiv /cat TT^OS etSo- 
 ^t'ai' KOLvrf /cat Trpo? evcreySetat' e/cdorw, rovro 
 Trap acrrrj era t vrdcrtf vyat^ Trept ravrrjcrl TTJS ypa-
 
 TIEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 
 
 Ei fjiv ovv -jrepl >v e'Sto>/ce 
 
 Ai(r^t^i7<?, /cctyw Trept O.VTOV TOV 7rpo/2ouXeu/xaTOs 
 ev0vs av aTreXoyou/x^z' eVetSr) 8' OVK eXctrrw 
 \6yov TaXXa Ste^taji' d^Xco/ce KOI ra TrXetcrra 
 /carei^eucrard />tou, a.^ay/catoi' eii^at vofMi^o) /cat 
 a/xa ftpa^ex, a> dvSpes ' 
 iTreiv Trptorov, Iva /^Sels vfjitov rot? 
 Xoyois Tyy/xeVo? a\\orpi(i)repov TMV inrep 
 
 5 St/catwv OLKOVY) fjiov. 
 
 Hepl [lev Srj TOIV iStwv ocra XotSo^ov/xei'o? /8e- 
 fiXa(r(f>T)p.r)K nepl Ifjiov, Oeda'acrOe a? a,7rXa /cat 
 St/cata Xeya>. et /act' tcrre /u,e rotovrot' otov ouro? 
 rjriaro (ov yap aXXo^t TTOU /3e/3t'&)/ca -^ Trap' v/xti/), 
 e <f)0)vr)v avdcrxTjcrOe, ^178' et Trdvra ret /cotva 
 TreTToXtrev/Aat, dXX' aWoTaVres KaTa\jjr)<f>i- 
 oracrOe 17817 et 8e TroXXw /3eXrta) rovrov /cat e'/c 
 /cat ^Sews TOJZ> /xerpta)!/, tVa jjLrjBef 
 Xe'yw, ^elpova. /cat e/xe /cat rous e/xou? 
 /cat yty^wcr/cere, TOUTW /xev ^178' vvrep 
 aXXwi> Trtcrrevere (SryXot' yap wg o/xotw? O.TTO.VT 
 eVXarrero), e'/u-ot 8', 77^ irapd iravra TOV ypovov 
 evvoiav eVSe'Set^^e evrt iroXkuv dywvuv ruv Trpo- 
 repov, /cat vvi/t 7rapa<r^ecr$e. KaKOTjdrj<; 8' wi^, 
 , TOVTO Tra^reXa)? evrjOes qn/jffr)*;, rou<? Trept 
 TrpayjLteVw^ /cat TreTroXtrevyaeVto*' Xoyov? 
 d(j)VTa /xe Trpo? rag XotSopta? ra? Trapa o-ou rpe- 
 
 l//(T^at, OV Si) TTOLTJCrO) TOVTO ' OV) OVTO) TTV~ 
 
 10
 
 AHMO2BENOT2 
 
 dXX' vnep jjLev TWV 7re7roXtreu//,eVtoj> a 
 /carex//evSou /cat Ste'ySaXXes, e^eracroj, r^? Se TTO/A- 
 Tretas Tavrrjs Trjs dveSrjv yeyei^/xeV^s vcrrepov, av 
 /3ovXo/ueVois d/coveti' 77 TOVTOLCTL, ^v^crOijcro^ai. 
 
 12 Ta /X6i> ow KaTrjyoprjfJieva TroXXa, /cat Trept w^ 
 
 /xeyaXa? /cat ra? ecr^ara? ot vd/xot StSoaert 
 rov 8e Trapovros dyaj^o? -^ TTyooatpecrt? 
 /xev eirrfpeiav e)(et /cat v/3yotv /ca/ 
 XoioopLcnv /cat TrpOTrrjXa.Kio'iJLOv OJJLOV /cat Travra ra 
 rotavra, ra>i> />teVrot Kariqyopiwv /cat ra>^ atrtw^ 
 TO>^ eipr)iJL6i>a)i>, et vre^o ^crai' dX-rjOtis, OVK tvi rfj 
 
 13 TroXet $LKr)v a^Lav XaySetv, ovS' eyyv?. ov yap 
 d(j>(upel(r0ai Set TO 7rpocre\@LV TW Si^/aw /cat 
 Xdyov ru^etv, ou8' ev eVi^petas ra^et /cat (f)06vov 
 TOVTO 7roteu> ovre /Aa rovs 6eov<s 
 
 OVT TTO\LTLKOV OVT St/CtttOV .<TTLV, O) a^ 
 
 vatot dXX' e'<^>' ots dSt/covvra /xe ecopa 
 overt ye r^Xt/covrot? i^Xt/ca I'vV eVpaywSet /cat 
 Ste^et, rat9 e/c rwi^ vopcav Ttyoiajptat? Trap' avra 
 rdSt/cr/'/xara ^p^cr^at, et /xef etcrayyeXta? a^ta 
 Trpdrro^ra /ae ewpa, eto~ayyeXXo^ra /cat TOVTOV 
 TOV TpoTrov et? /cptcrtv Ka.6icrTa.vr a Trap VJJLLV, et 
 Se ypdfyovTa irapdvofjia, Trapavo^tov ypa^o/xei'oj' 
 ou yap S^TTOV KrrjcrKfifovTa p.ev Svz^arat Stw/cetv 
 . St' e'/te', e/te 8e', et ?rep e^eXe'y^etv &Oftiar, O.VTOV 
 
 14 ou/c a^ eypcti//aro. /cat /x^ et rt rwv d\\a)v &V 
 yyvl Ste73aXXe /cat Ste^et ^ /cat aXX' ortovi/ dSt-
 
 IIEPI TOT STE^ANOT. 
 
 KOVVTO. tie u/xas eeopa, curt vo/xot Trept TravTuv /cat 
 Ttttwptat /cat dycuz/e9 /cat /c/ncreis, /cat rovrot? eV^ 
 aVacrt ^prj(T0ai, /cat oirrjviKa <f>aiveTO ravra 7T- 
 7rotT7/ca>9 /cat Touroi> TOI/ rpowov /ce^r^/xeVo? rots 
 7T/3O5 e/xe, w/xoXoyetro ai^ 17 KaTrjyopia rot? epyots 
 avrou. vvv 8' e/ccrras r^5 op0rjs /cat St/cata? 6Sov 15 
 /cat (frvyoov rou? Trap' aura ra wpdy^ara e'Xey^oug, 
 rocrovrot? vcrrepov ^po^ot? atrta? /cat tr/co)/a/xara 
 /cat XotSo/ata? (rvjJiffropTJa'as UTro/cptVerat. etra /ca- 
 Trjyopel pei/ C/AOV, /cptVet 8e TOVTWi, /cat rou /xet' 
 oXou r^v 77/009 e/ote \6pav TrpotcrraTat, 
 u S' eVt ravr^f dnrjvTrjKOJS e/xot TT^J/ ere'- 
 
 liriTi^iav d<f>eXecr0ai <au>erat. /catrot 16 
 77/365 aTTacrtt', ai d^S/ae? 'A^i^atot, rots dXXot? of<? 
 ai/ etTrett' rt? vTrep Kr^o-K^aWo? e)(ot, /cat TOVT' 
 e/xotye So/ce: /cat /tctX' et/corw? a^ Xeyett', ort 
 
 rot' e^eTacr/xo^ Trotetfr^at, ov TO 
 Xov? ayaW^ecr^at TrapaXetVeti', crepa) 8' orw /ca- 
 /co^ rt Swo-o/xei' ^reti' v-rrepfioXrj yap dSt/cta? 
 rouro ye. 
 
 HaWa /xe^ roivvv rd /carTyyop^/LteVa o/xotw? e/c 17 
 dV rt? t8ot ovre St/catw9 ovV eV 
 
 54. Ilept 8e TWV 8 
 
 pov etTretv. /cat yap TrwOavop.a.1 /AcAAcii/ ArjfjiocrOfvrjv, e 
 avrois 6 Xoyos aTroSoft], KaTapiO/JLclfrOai Trpos v/x.as, ws apa 
 TToAet TTTapts ^8r/ yeytvrjvraL Kaipoi, ev ois auro?
 
 10 AHMO2BENOT2 
 
 Se /cat /ca#' It/ e/ca- 
 OTOI/ O.VTMV e^erdcrat, /cat /xaAtcr#' ocra VTrep 7779 
 Lpi]V7)<; /cat 7775 7rpcr/3etag /carei//eu(raro /xou, TO, 
 7T7rpay/AeVa eavrw /xera <I>tXo/cpaTovs aVart^et? 
 Cftot. e<TTt 8' dVay/catov, <5 dVSpes 'AQyvaloi, /cat 
 7rpoo"fJKOv icrcu?, a>5 /car e/cet^ous row? ^povov<s 
 et^e ra Trpay/xara dva/x^^crat, tVa 77/369 rov vTrdp- 
 ^ovTa Kdipov eKdcrTa 0ea)pr)T. 
 
 1 8 Tou yayo <I>a>/ct/co{) (rva-ravTos TroXe/xou, ou St' 
 e' (ov yap 8r) eycoye eTroXtrevo/xi^v TTOJ rore), 
 
 OVTW Ste/Ct(T^ W<TT 4>O)/Ce'a9 
 
 /SovXecr^at crw^rat, KdiTrep ov St/cata TTOI- 
 
 wv ?va /ACV Kai Trpwrov, ws eyorye aKouw, *caTaXoyi^ 
 
 TOV ^pOVOV, y W TTpOS ^iXlTTTTOV V7Tp AjU,<^>t7ToA.(ji)S fTT 
 
 TOVTOV 8' a<opi'eTeu TTJ yevo/Ati^; elpyvr] K i o-u/x/Aa^i'a, ^v 4>iAo- 
 Kpa.Trj<i o 'Ayvovo-tos eypai/^e Kat avros OVTOS /ACT' KtVov, ws cyw 
 Set'^w. 55. Sevrcpov 8e ^>v;o-i ycve'cr^ai ov ^yo/tcv ^pdi/ov T^V 
 
 fiprjvrjv TTJ TrdXet 6 avro? orros pT/rwp typai// TOV 
 
 TptTOV 8e OV 7ToAyLto{)yU,V ^pOVOV /AC^P 1 ^5 ttTV^taS 
 
 T^S ev Xatpwveia, Teraprov 8e TOV vw irapovra Katpov. 60. ei 
 TIVCS VJJ.WV IK rtav eyu,7rpoo"^ev ^pdvcov ^Kouo"tv OIKO^EV ToiauT^v 
 ^OVTCS TTJV Sd^av, ws apa 6 A^oo-^e'v^s ovSev TrwTTOTe e"pr)Kfi> 
 vrrep 4>iXt7r7rov o-vo-Tas fiTa ^/AoKpaTovs, OOTIS OUTW SiaKet- 
 rai, fop' aTroyvwTO) p.r)8cv ft^T KaTayvwTOJ, Trpiv av OLKOVO-T) 
 ov yap SiKaiov. dAA' eav C'/AOI) Sia ySpa^e'wv aKovcrrjTt virop.i- 
 
 /AVT^O-KOVTOS TOVS KttlpOUS Kttl TO \l/T^<f)L(rfJ.a 7Tape^O/LlVOV, O /XTU 
 
 4>iAoKpaTovs lypai/^e A^/Aoo-^evr^s, eav avros 6 T^S aXrjOcias \o- 
 fyKaTaX.ap.ftd.vrj TOV Ar^oo^ev^v TrXeiw yu,ev 
 
 4>iXoKpaTOvs Trcpt T^S e^ ^X^ s ctp^v^s /cat
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 11 
 
 opaWes, T/ySatots 8' onovv a.v (f>r)o-0rjvai 
 >, OVK dXdyws ov8' dSt/ca>9 avrot? 6pytd- 
 ofs yap evrv^i/JKecrav iv Aev/crpots, ov 
 tierptcos KXpr)VTO eVet^' 17 neXoTroVzrjo-os aTra- 
 cra 8tetcrTT7/cei, Ka.1 ov&' ol /xicrowre? Aa/ceSatfto- 
 *>tou5 OUTCDS tcr^uop' wore di'eXeri/ avrovs, ov^' ot 
 irporepov St* eVetVwv apyovres Kvpwi TUH> TroXe&v 
 rjcroiv, dXXa Tt9 ^ a/cptro? /cat Trapa rovrot? /cat 
 Trapa rot? aXXot? aTracriv ept? /cat Tapa^TJ. raura 
 8' opwt' 6 ^>tXt7r7ros (ov yap ^i^ d<f>avTJ) rot? 
 e/caoTot? TrpoSdrat? ^p~ijp.aTa dvaXtcr/ccuv 
 
 (rvi>Kpove /cat vrpo? avrou? eraparrev etr' eV ot? 
 f]fjia.pTa.vov aXXot /cat /ca/cai? typovovv, avro? Tra- 
 /cat /caret Trdvruv ec^uero. a>5 Se ra- 
 rw /Ai^/cet rou TroXe/xou ot rdre /xei' 
 i/vv 8' drv^et? r^ySatot <f>avepol TTO.CTIV 
 
 <I>tXt7r7ro5, tt'a /x^ rouro yeVotro /xi^Se crvveX0OLCv 
 at TrdXet?, v/xtz/ /xei^ eipTJvrjv e/cctVot? Se 
 eVryyyetXaro. rt oi>i/ (rviTjy&Wcraro avrw 
 ro Xa/8e> oXtyou Set^ v/xa? e/cdi'ra? e^a7raraj/xe- 
 ^ou? ; -^ ra)i^ aXXwv 'EXXT^vajv, etre ^p^ /ca/cta^ 
 etr' ayvoiav etre /cat d/>t^>drepa ravr' elfreiv, ot 
 TrdXe/Moi' o"u^e^^ /cat [MaKpbv iroXefJLOvvTOJV vfji&v, 
 /cat rourov vvrep r&iv Tracrt crv^.p6vT(nv, a>? epya> 
 
 yyovtv, oure ^p/xao-tv cure 
 our* dXXa>
 
 12 AHMO26ENOT2 
 
 ofs /cat St/catw? /cat irpocrrjKovTajs opyitp- 
 
 w Tore (rvy^(t)pr)0i(ra elprjw) Sta ravr', ov Si' 
 
 Ste/SaXXev, eTTpd^dj] ra Se 
 dSt/C7/Y>taTa /cat Sw^oSo/c^/xara ei^ avr^ 
 
 av rt? 
 
 * 
 
 21 atrta evpcret. Ka ravr Trv virep 
 
 Oeias d/c/3t^8oXoyov/xat /cat Ste^e^o/xat. et yayo 
 et^at rt So/cot^ ra /xaXtcrra ei^ rourot? dSt/cr^/xa, 
 ouS> ecrrt ST^TTOV TT^O? e/xe, dXX' 6 yu.e^ 7rpu)To<; 
 eiiroDV /cat pvr)cr6ei<; vtrep rrjs eipijvrjs ' 
 
 62. "Eypai^c 4>t\OKparr;5 e^ctvat 4>iXi7r7r(i) 8ei)po KrjpvKa KOL 
 TrpeV^eis TTC/XTTCIV Trepi etpr/vT/s TOVTO TO \j/ij<f)Lcrfj.a c 
 Trapavo/xcov. ^KOV ot TT}S Kpicrcco? ^pdvoi Kcmfyopei /xev 
 1/05 6 ypai/Aa/Ati/oc, aTrcXoyetro 8 ^tXoKpar^s, (n-'vaTreX 
 8c Kat Aiy/xoo-^evT/s a7r^)vyc ^lAoKparr/s. /xcra raiTa 
 (vpovos\/iwrTOKXi}s ap^wv evrav^' cio-tp^erai y 
 TO ySovXeirr^piov AT//AOO-^VT;S, oirrc Xa^dLv ovr tTrtXa^wv, dXX' 
 e/c 7rapao-/fei^7 Trpia/x.ei'os, ?v* eis V7ro8o^r/v aTraiaa Kai Xeyot 
 Kat TrpaTTOt 4>iXoKpaTet, o>s avTO eSct^t TO epyov. 63. vtica 
 yap CTCpov \j/rj<f)Lcrfji.a ^iXo/cpartys, cv w KtXcvti cXcV^at Se'fca 
 Trpeo-ySets, OITIVCS d^>i/cd/u.evoi n-pos ^iXwnrov dfitixrovcrtv uvrov 
 Sevpo 7rpo-^3ets avTOKpaTOpa? 7rep.7rctv tTrep T^S eip^VT/s. Tou- 
 TWV tls ^v Ar/p,oo-^V77s. KaKi$cv foay^MUT cTratveT^s ^v T^5 
 ctpiyvT/s, Kai Tavra Tots oXXots TTpeV/SccTiv aTTTTyyetXe, Kat /idvo? 
 TWV /JovXeuTwv eypanj/f o-Tretcrao-^ai TOI KrjpvKi T<3 eiTro TOI) <t>i- 
 XITTTTOV Kat TOIS 7rpto")8O"tv, aKoXov^a ypa<^>wv 
 6 /xev ye TT)V trover Lav eSwKt TOT) Sei'po KrjpvKa Kat 
 TTffnrfcrOai, 6 8e T^ Trpf(r(3eia. o~7Tv8Tat. 64. Ta Se /ICTO. 
 Tavra 77877 cr<f>68pa fiot TOV vow Trpocrf^fTf. 'ETrparrcTO yap 
 ou Trpos TOUS aXXovs Trpeo-^Stis TOVS TroXXa
 
 IIEPI TOT STESANOT. 13 
 
 rfv 6 viroKpLTTijs, 6 8' K&edp.ei>o.<; /cat ypd* 
 \jjoLS /cat eavrov /xera rovrov /xtcr#wcras eVt ravra 
 <J>tXo/c/3aYi7<? 6 'Ayi/oucrto?, 6 cros, Aicr^t^, Kowtir 
 vo$ t ov)( 6 e/xo?, ouS* ai> <rv StappayTrys i//eudd- 
 p.evo<;, ol Se crvvenrovTes orov S^Trore eve/ca (eto 
 yap fovro y' eV rw irapovrC) EvySovXo? /cat Kry^t* 
 (To(j)utv eyaj 8' ouSet' ovSa/xov. dXX o/xco?, TOU- 
 
 , et? rov#' -^/cei/ dratSeta?, wtrr* 
 eroX/ta Xeyetv a>5 dpa eya> TT/JO? ra> 
 atrtos yeyevTycr^at /cat /ce/cwXv/ca>9 
 />terd /cott'ov (Tt^cS/MOV rw^ 'EXXry^wv TavTjjv TTOLTJ- 
 
 <i, dXXa 
 
 v, CIKOTWS, TOVS a/^a /aev Trpcor^Scvovras, a/xa 8e ra 
 at^ovra?, irpunov fj.ev OTTWS /ATJ 7rcpi/xir>/TC rows 
 ? ov? ^re c7r7ro/x<^oTe5 TrapaKaXowrcs CTTI 4>tA.i7nrov, 
 /xera Ttov aAAtuv EAA^vajf, dAA tdta Troi^tn/cr^c T^V 
 68. Mcra 8e ravra, oi avSpes 'A^vaioi, ij/cov 01 4>i- 
 XITTTTOV 7rpecr(3fL<i oi Se v^terepoi aTreSTj/Aovv TrapaKoAowTCs TOVS 
 
 erepov \j/Tr)(f>wr/j.a. VLKO. A^o- 
 
 i;, ev a> ypd<f>ti /JLTJ p.6vov VTrtp TT/S cipiyvr/?, aAXa cai trvft- 
 v//.as ftovXfvcracrOai, /AT/ Trept/tetvavTas TOWS Trpttr^Seis 
 
 TOt'S {i//.TpOUS. 7 2 - Ol* yctp 07/ SetV (/(ttl yap TO pr//A. fJ.ffl.V7]- 
 
 p.a.1 ws etTTC, Sta T^V aT/Siar TOI) Xeyovros a/xa Kai TOV OVO/XUTOS), 
 d.7roppT/^at TT/S etp-^vT/s T^V o~u/x/Aa^tav, ovSe TO. TWV 'EAAi/vcov 
 ara/xeVetv /xeXXr//xaTa, dAA.' T) TroXetictv avrous T) r^v clprjvrjv iSia 
 7routo-$ai. Kat TcXein-aii/ CTTI TO /?r//x.a Ti-apa/caXeVas 'AvrtVaTpov 
 epwTT/tia Tt ^pwTa, irpotiTrwv /xev a epr/o-tTai, 7rpo6i8aas Se a 
 ^pr) KaTa TT/S TrdXews aTTOKpivacrOat. Kai TeXos TO.VT' evi/ca, TW 
 
 TO 8e \/<)i(ri.a d.\/av-
 
 14 AHMO2BENOT2 
 
 cracr$eu. etr' a) rt av elfratv ere rt? 6p$a>s 7rpoo~- 
 eiTroi ; ecrrtv OTTOV crv Trapoiv, Trj\LKavTrjv irpa- 
 iv /cat o'Vfj.fj.ac^La.v, i^Xt/op vvvt Ste^rjets, 
 dV/Ae rrjs 7ro\ea><? ^yamKT^o-a? ^ 
 TOLVTCL a vvv\ Kar^yopet? eStSa^a? /cat 
 23 Ste^X^e? ; /cat JU,T)V t TO /cwXvcrat r^ rwv *EX- 
 \TIV<DV Koiv<t)viav 7r67rpa.KLV lyoj <I>tXtV7rcj, crot TO 
 yu,^ crtyrjo~at XotTroi/ ^, aXXa ySoav /cat Sta/xapTU- 
 pecrdan /cat S^Xow TovToto~t. ou Tolvvv e7rot7^o~ag 
 ovSa/xov TOVTO, ouS' 17/couo-e o~ou ravr^v rr^v <f>(D- 
 vr\v ovSet? ovTe yap T^V 7rpO"/3eta Trpo? ovSeVa 
 aTreo-TaX/Aez^ TOTC TO>^ 'EXXry^co^, aXXa TrctXat 
 Tes rfcrav e^eXi^Xey/xeVot, ov^' OVTO? vyte? 
 
 ^ TOVTWI/ ipr)KV OuSeV. ^Ojpt? $ TOVTWV /Cttt 8ta- 
 
 )8aXXet T>)^ TroXti' TO. /AeytcrTa et' ots i//evSeTat et 
 yap Vjotet? a/xa TOUS /xe^ "EXXiy^a? etg 
 Trape/caXetTe, avTot 8e irpos 4>tXt7T7ro^ Trept 
 ^171075 7rpe'o-/8et<? eVe/xTTCTe, EupvySctTov vrpay/xa, 
 ov TroXectK epyo^ ovSe vpr^o~TO)^ OivdptoTTtov ote- 
 Trpdrrecrde. aXX* ou/c ecrTt TavTa, ov/c <TTW 
 Tt yap /cat ySovXo/Aei'Ot /xeTeTre/xTreo"^' av avTov? 
 6V Toirrw TOJ /catpw ; eirt T^ elpijvTjv ; aXX' 
 VTrrjpxev a.TTa.(Tiv. dXX* eTTt TOV TroXe/xov ; aXX' 
 avTot Trept eipijvr)<; e/3ovXeueo-^e. Ov/cow ouTe 
 dp^ri? etpi^i^? i^ye/xwt' ouS' atTto? ay eyw 
 OVTC TWV aXXwi^ wv /caTi//evo~aTO ftov 
 d\r)0e<; ov
 
 HEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 15 
 
 r/ roivvv eVonfcraro rr^v eipijvrjv 17 TroXts, 25 
 evravda irdkiv <T/ce'i//acr#e rt rjjjiaiv e/carepo? irpo- 
 etXero Trpa.TTf.iv /cat -yap e/c TOVTMV eurecr#e rts 
 771^ 6 <J>tXt7T7roj TraVra crwaytoi>i6'/u,ei'O9, /cat rt? 6 
 7rpa.TT(DV virep vfjLOiv /cat TO r^ TrdXet crviJ.<f>pov 
 . eyw /xe^ rotVw eypax//a /SovXeuw^ a?ro- 
 ^f roller Tr)v rou? 7rpeV/3et5 eVt rou? ro- 
 7TOV5, e^ of? av o^ra <I>tXt7r7ro^ Trvv9dv<avTa.i, /cat 
 rov? op/cov9 a,7roXa/Ay8a^etv ovrot Se ouSe ypa- 
 i//ai'TO5 e/xoO ravra iroieiv ^eX^crai/. rt Se rovr' 26 
 , a) avBpes 'A^^atot ; eyw SiSaa>. <I>t- 
 xe^ 17^ crvyifyepov a? TrXetcrrov TOI^ /Aera^v 
 yevecrOai TMV opKotv, VJJLIV 8' 019 eXa^t- 
 . Sta rt ; ort v/it? /xei/ ou/c d<^>' ^5 ai/xocrare 
 jJ-ovov, aXX' a,^)' 175 -^XTrtVare nyv elp-qvr^v 
 (TcrOa.L, Tracra? e^eXvcrare ra? Tra^acr/ceva? ra? 
 rov iroXefMov, 6 Se rovro e/c Travros rou ^povov 
 /xaXtcrra eTrpay^areuero, vo^it^v, orrep rjv a\rj- 
 6es, ocra Trjs TroXew? TrpoXdfioi upb TOV rou<? 
 0/3/cov? a.7roSoui/at, TTO.VTOL raura /3e/3at'w<? eew 
 ouSeVa ya^> T^V eipijinrjv \vcreiv TQVTMV eVe/ca. 
 a eyaj Trpoopcu/xevos, a^Spe? 'A^i/atot, /cat Xoyt- 27 
 ^o/xei'o? ro \IJTJ <f>LcrfJLa TOVTO ypdfjxt), irXelv eirl rou? 
 TOTTOVS eV ot? ai^ ^ 4>tXt7T7TO5, /cat rov? opKOvs rrjv 
 
 82. OVTO? O~rtv, w ' AOrjvauoi., 6 Trpcuros c^cvpwv Sep 
 /cat AopiVcov Kal 'Epyio-CT;v Kttt MvpTUTKTjv *cat Fdvo? cai IWi- 
 Su, ^tupia, <Li' ovSe TO. ovo/iuTa ^SfLp.fv irporfpov.
 
 16 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 dTroXa/A/SaVeii/, Iv l^pvrwv TUV %pa.Ka>v, 
 crvfjifjid^cov, ravra TO, ^cupCa a vvv 
 SteViyje, TO ^eppiov /cat TO Mvprrjvbv /cat 
 TT)I> 'QpyLcrKJjv, OVTOJ yiyvoivd* ot op/cot, /cat /AT) 
 TrpoXafitov e/cet^os TOUS eVt/cat/aov? TWV TOTTCDV KV- 
 
 iroXXuv Se (TTparitoTtov evTropya-as e/c 
 
 TOVTWV yOaStOJ? TOt? XotTTOt? eVt^etyOOt 
 
 28 aw. elra TOVTO /xev ou^t Xeyet TO 
 
 ovS' avayiyvtocrKti et Se ySovXeuwv eyw Trpocra.- 
 yf.iv TOW? Tr^eV/Set? aJ/xT^v Setv, TOUTO /xov Sta- 
 /SaXXet. dXXa Tt e^prjv /xe Trotet^ ; JUT) 7rpoo~ayet^ 
 y/3ctx//at TOV? e;rt Tov0* VJKOVTOLS, Iv vfjuv StaXe- 
 X#wo-tv ; ^ ^eav /XT) /caTavet/xat TOV 
 avrot? /ceXevo~at ; dXX' e^ TOII^ 
 tOetopovv civ, et JUT) TOVT' eypd<f>r). TO, /xt/cpa 
 <rvfj.<j>epovTa TT^S TroXea)? eSet /xe <^vXctTTtv, T<X 
 S' oXa, atcnrep OVTOL, TreTT/sa/ceVat ; ov ST^TTOV. 
 Aeye roivvv /xot TO r//i7^>to~tta TOVTI Xay&w, 6 
 <ra<f>(t)S OVTOS etSw? Trape/3ir). Xeye. 
 
 76. "YTToXotTrov 8e fiot eoTi T^V KoAaKctav aurou 
 
 yap eviavrov )8ovXevcras ovBcfiiav TTO/TTOTC <j>avfiTa.i. 
 eis TrpocSptav KaXecras, aAXa TOTC p.ovov KCLI irpwrov 
 irpe(r/3(i<; eis TrpoeSpiav e*aA.ecre *cai 7rpocr*ce<^aXata e&rjKe KOI 
 </>otvt*ct'8as 7rcpi7reTOo- Kai ayaa T^ rjfjLepa T^yeiro rols Trpf.<r(3Tiv 
 
 1? TO OfOLTpOV, W(TT Kttt OrvpLTTCrOal BiO. TTJV O.CT^^/XOerW^I' Kttl 
 
 KoXa/cei'av. KO.I or' aTnjccrav, lp.ia-6tixra.TO auroi? rpi'a ^eiryT; opi- 
 Ka xai TrpovTrejJiif/ev et? ^y8as, KaraycXacrTOi/ T^V 7roA.iv Troiaiv.
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 17 
 
 PETTi op;(OVTOS Mn^ri<i'Aov, eKaTO/i^Saiwvo? evr; KCU ve'a, <v- 29 
 AT/S irpvravevova-rj'i IlavSioviSos, Arj/xocrtfevT/s Ary/Aoo-tfevaus Hai- 
 avtfvs etTrev, CTreiS^ ^lAiTrrros aTrocrrei'Aas Trpc'cr/Set? Trcpt 7-77? 
 (.IprfVTfi o/AoAoyor/Aeras TreTroirfrai trw^Ka?, SeSo^^at r^ f3ov\rj 
 Kai TW 8^/xa) T(5 ' A.Of]vaLtav, OTTWS av 17 eipijvr) eTriTcAecrpg 17 
 eTri^etpoTOVT/^eto-a cv T^ Trpwr?/ cKJcAT/o-ta, TrpeVySeis eAe'cr^at K 
 TTUVTWV 'AOrjvaiww r)8r) irevrf, TOVS 8e \uporovTjO (vra.'i dTro^/xeiv 
 /xr/Se/iiav inrfpfto\r]v Troiov/ieVovs, OTTOV av oi^-a Trw^avwvrat TOI/ 
 <f>iAt7nrov, *cai TOV? opcous Aa/3etv TC Trap' avrov cai Sowai r^v 
 ra)(umjv CTT! rais w/x.oAoyr^/xei'ais (rvv^j^Kats ttiT<3 Trpo? TOV 
 &rjp.ov, <rv/ATTCptAa/x/3ai/ovTa? Kai TOUS exaTepov 
 
 eV/Seis ype9r)<ru.v Ev/JorAo<? ' 
 
 Tavra ypai//ai^T05 e/zov rore, Kai TO r^ TrdXet 30 
 crvfj.<f)epov, ov TO <I>tXt7T7raj ^TOU^TO?, ftpa^ii (frpov- 
 ot ^prjo-rol 7rpeV^8et5 ovrot KaOrjvTo eV 
 tia r/ae?? oXou? /x^a?, liw? 
 e/c &pa,Kfj<; iTo.vra. /carao-T/3i//a/xe^o 
 8t'/ca, /xaXXop' Se rpiaiv TI reTTapatv, et? rot' 
 cnrovrov d^t^^at /cat ra ^wpta crcucrai, Xa^ 
 TOV? opKovs Trplv IKZLVOV l^ekeiv aura ou yap 
 ay Tji/far avraiv Trapovroiv r)p.a)V, f) OVK av ajpKL- 
 o/zi' avrov, wcrre r^5 eipyvrjs av St^/xapr^Ket 
 /cat ou/c ay d/x^ore/aa et^e, /cat rr)y eipTJvyv /cat 
 T<X ^(ttpia. 
 
 To /xey roivvv cv rf) TrpecrySeta npairov /cXe/A/xa 31 
 ey 4>tXt7T7Tou Sw/3oSo/oy/xa Se raiy aoiKatv TOVTOJV
 
 i8 AHM020ENOT2 
 
 avd pwTT(i)v roiovrov eyeVero virep ov /cat Tore 
 /cat vvv /cat det 6/xoXoyw /cat 7roXe/xeu> /cat 8ta- 
 <e'oecr$at rovrot? erepov 8 evdvs <f>egrjs en 
 
 32 TOVTOV fJLel^ov KaKovpyrjp,a ^edcracr^e. 
 
 TTp eiprjvrjv 6 
 8td TOVTOV? ov; 
 
 t, TrdXtv ait'etTat vra/a' avriav OTTW? ^Lt^ 
 e/c Ma/ceSovtas, ews rd rry? crr/oareta? 
 
 CTTt TOV5 ^OJKe'a? VTpTT7J TTOLTJCTOLLTO, Ivo. fJLTJ, 
 
 )' dTrayyetXdrrw^ r)fjt,a)v ort /xeXXet /cat vrapa- 
 cr/cevd^erat iropeveo-OaL, e'eX#otre v/xeis /cat Trept- 
 TrXevcra^re? rats TpiripecrLV et? IlvXa? atcnrep Trpo- 
 repov /cXetcratre TOV TOTTO^, dXX' d/x' d/couotre 
 ravra aTrayyeXXot'Twv TI^MV /cd/cet^o? evros etr^ 
 
 33 IIvXaii> /cat it7^8ef e^ot^' v/xet? Trot^crat. oura> 8' 
 
 /cat raura 7r/3oeiX^<^oro5 avrov, et TT^O rov TOL><? 
 
 TO, Trpay/xar' avrov, wore /xtcr^ovrat roy /cardTrru- 
 TovTovi, ov/ceVt KOLi^f) /xerd rai^ 
 dXX' t8ta /ca^' avrw, rotavra 
 /cat aTrayyetXat, St' o>^ a.TTd.vr 
 34 d^ttu Se, a> d^8/39 'A^^atot, /cat Seo/xat rovro 
 irap o\ov rov ayaiva, ort 
 
 av eyaj Xoyoi' ovSeVa eTrotov/xi^v erepov, Trdcrat? 
 8* atrtat? /cat ^SXacr^^tai? d/xa rourou
 
 IIEPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 19 
 
 fMevov avayKt) /ca/xot npos e/cacrra TO>V Ka.rrjyopov- 
 
 p.eV(DV fJLLKpa O.TTOKplVaO'Oa.L. TlVeS OVV J]<TO.V Ol 35 
 
 Trapa TOVTOV Xoyot rare prjOevTes, /cat St' oug 
 a-rravT ctTTtoXero ; as ov Set ^o^v/3ettr^at TW 
 TrapeXrjXvOevaL 3>i\t.7nrov cicra) Hv\a>v ecrrat 
 
 \ < /!>" /D'\ /3< ** )N * /3'< 
 
 yap airavu ocra pov\ecru u/xet9, eav e^ 1 ?" 170"^- 
 /cat a/covcrecr#e Svotv ^ Tpiwv rjfjLepwv, of? 
 ^^/365 17/cet, (f>i\ov avrov yf.yeirqp.evov, of? 
 Se (^>t\o?, TOVVO.VTIOV e^dpov. ov yap ra prf^ara 
 TO.? ot/cetor^ra? e^>ry fiefiaiovv, /xaXa (re^va)*; ovo- 
 , dXXa ro ravra cru/x^epeti' crvfJufrepeLv Se 
 /cat Octi/ceucrt /cat u/uv o/xotw? avracrt 
 ta? /cat TTJS /BapvrirjTas aTraXXayryvat 
 Ttui> Br^ySatcu^. raura S' dcr/xeVtu? Tt^e? TJKOVOV 36 
 aurou 8ta XT)^ TO^' uTroucrat' aTTe^Oeiav Trpos rows 
 0T7/8at'ov<?. rt ovi' avveftrj fj-era ravr' ev^u?, ov/c 
 et? fiaKpdv ; TOVS /xei/ <I>a>/cea5 aTroXecr^at /cat 
 KaTa(TKa<f>rjvaL ra? TrdXet? avrwv, Vju.a.9 8' -f)(rv^i.av 
 dyaywra? /cat TOUTO> Tretcr^eVra? fjiucpov vcrrepov 
 crKvaya)yiV e/c TO>^ aypaiv, TOVTOV Se 
 Xaftelv, <at ert Trpog TOVTOI? r^ 
 Trjv Trpo? r^ySatou? /cat BerraXou? T$ TrdXet yei/e- 
 cr^at, r^ Se ^dpiv rrjv vnep TO>V TfeTrpay^evotv 
 ^tXtTTTrw. ort S' ovra) raur' e^et, Xeye /xot TO re 37 
 rov KaXXto"^eVou5 in>t<rxa /cat 
 
 rov 
 
 ecrrat <f>avepd.. Xeye.
 
 20 
 
 VTTTO o~rpa- 
 
 Trjywv Kai TrpvTaVewv, Kai fiovXfjs yvwfjir), /Aai/AUKT^ptaii/os ScKa-ny 
 aTTiovTos, KaAAio-tfeVtys 'EreoviKov ^aAT/pevs CITTC, /ArySeVa *A.0r)- 
 vatW fjf.r)8ffjLia 7rapa>po-i cv rg XV? Kotratov ytyvecr^ai aAA' 
 cv OCTTCI Kai neipaiei, ocroi p:^| cv TOIS <^>povptots eicrtv a.7roTTa- 
 y/AcVoi TOVTWV 8 ' Kao"rovs, ^v TrapeXafiov rdliv, StarT/peiv /A>?T 
 38 d^>77/ApvovTas /AV/Te aTroKOtTowras. os av 8e aTret^Tjcr^ TwSe T<5 
 \f/r)<f>i<TfJia.Ti, eVo^os eo"TU) TOIS rijs 7rpo8oo"ias cTrin/Aiots, tai / /fi? 
 Tt dSwuTOv 7ri8eiKVvy 7rept eairrov Trcpi 8e TOV dSuvarou CTTI- 
 6 iri TWV OTrAwi/ oTparT^yos Kai 6 CTTI r^s Stoi/cryo-eajs fat 
 vs T?}S (3ovXr)<s. KaTa/cop-i^eiv Se *cai TO. cc ran/ ayptav 
 
 TTOVTO. TTJV Ta^L(TTr)V, TO. fjikv I/TOS OTaSl'uV fKO.TOV {.LKOCTl IS do-TV 
 
 Kai Ileipata, TO. 8t e/cros OTaSi'tov CKarov ctKoo"t. 'EAero'tva *cai 
 Kai *At8vav KatPaAvowra Kai 
 
 ? Ap' CTTI Tavrat? ra?? ekiricri rrjv elpijvrjv e 
 cr^e, f) ravr eTrr^yyeXXe^' U/AI^ ovrog 6 
 39 Aeye S?) rr)v CTrtcrroX^ 
 raura. 
 
 EHI2TOAH 
 
 [Bao-iAevs MaKeSovwv 4>tAi7T7ros ' AOr/vaitav rfj fiovXf) Kai TW 
 "ore i-as TraeAXvvoTas io"w IlDXtov Kai TO. 
 
 Kara TT^V ama t>> eairrovs TrtTroir/ftevoDS, Ka oa /A 
 O-ICDS 7rpoo-Tt^TO Tuiv TroXto-fidTwv, (frpovpas eto-ay^o^oTas cts 
 aura, TO. 8 /i^ vTraKovovra Kara Kpdros AaySovres Kai c^avSpa- 
 i KaT(TKon]/a.fjiv. aKovwv 8e Kai v/xas TrapacrKeva- 
 (3orj6dv avrois yc'ypa^a V/AIV, iva /xi) TrAetov evo^A^o-^c 
 Trcpi rotrrwv TO?S /xev yap oAois ovSe yMcrptov yu,oi SoKeTre TTOICIV, 
 T^V eipiqvrjv a~vvOefj.fvoi KOI o/xoiws avriTrape^dyovrcs, Kai tavra
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 21 
 
 OU&t (rV/17rptlA7//A/lcVuV TWV <!><DKW CV TttlS KOlVttlS rjflUiV tTVV- 
 
 OrjKais. oxrre fav p.j] IfjLfjifvTfrf rots uy/.oA.oyT^o'ots, ovSev Trporc- 
 prjcrtTf efot rot) i<f>GaK(vai d 
 
 'A/couere o>? <ra<^w5 877X01 /cat Sto/3terat ei' rr} 40 
 
 /Lta? eTncrToXy 77/365 TOVS eavrou crv/x/xa^ov? 
 ort " eya> ravra TreTrotry/ca d/cd^rajv 'A^ryvatwi^ /cat 
 XvTTOvjJievcov, cucrr' et Trep ev <f>povelT, a) 
 /cat erraXoi', rourous ftet' e^^povs uT 
 /xot Se TTto-reuo-ere," ov rovrot? rot? p-ij^aa-L ypd- 
 i//a?, ravra Se ySovXo/xei^o? Set/c^vvat. roiyapovv 
 K TOVTWV w^ero e/cetVou? \a.fta>v et? TO /u-^S' 6rt- 
 ovi/ Trpoopav TWV /aera ravra ^178* alcrddvecrOaL, 
 dXX' eao~at Trdvra ra Trpay/xara eKeivov v<f> caurw 
 
 ot TaXaiirajpoi Ke^prjvrai. o Se raurry? rr^5 Trt- 4 1 
 o-re&>5 avrw <Tvvepyo<s /cat crvi>aya)VLo-TY)<; /cat 6 
 Seup' aTrayyetXa? ra i//ev8rj /cat <ei>a/cto-as v/xa? 
 OVT05 ecrnv o ra r^/Satajv o$vpop,evos vvv Trdffrj 
 /cat Ste^tw^ a? ot/crpa, /cat rourcuv /cat raiv eV 
 
 133. 
 
 oAa>v OVK op^a9 ^SouXcvcra/xevoi, dAAa rr/v yc 0fo(3\d{3fiav KOI 
 
 TTJV d<fpOO-VVT]V OVK dv^pWTTlVW?, dAXa Sttl/AOVtCDS 
 
 156. /U.T/8' V7TOfJLLfJLVT^(TKfrf TWV dvittTWl' Kdl dvr/KCOT<DV 
 
 TOVS TaAatTrwpovs Or/^Sat'ous, ovs <^>iryoKras 8ta TOVT 
 rrj TroXci, wv Upa *ai rc/cva Kai rd^ovs a7rwX(Tv ^ 
 
 a *cai TO (3a.(ri\LKov ^pixrt'ov 1 5 7 dAX' crrttS^ TOIS 
 ov TrapeyeveaOe, dAAa TOIS yc Siavoiats a.TrofiXe\l/a.T av-
 
 22 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 <&a)Kevcri Ka.Kit)v /cat 6V dXXa TreTrovBacnv ot 
 ^EXXryve? aTrdvTtov avrog &v atrtos. S^Xor 'yap 
 6Vt o~u /xei^ dXyets eTTt rot? o-u/x/Se/^/coVti', Atcr^t- 
 r>7, /cat TOVS 077y8at'ovs e'Xeets, /crrj/z' 
 Bota>Tta /cat yewpyajv TO. 
 
 OS V0VS e^rjTO^JJLTJ 
 
 42 'AXXa yap e/xTreVrcu/ca eis Xoyovs, ov? aurt/ca 
 fjiaXXov tcra>9 dp/xocret \4yeiv. eTrdVet/xi 87) 
 
 eVt ras aTroSet^ets, a>s ra TOUTWI^ dSt/CTy/iara 
 z/v^t TrapovTGiv Trpay/idrcov yiyovzv atrta. 
 
 'ETretSr) yap e 
 <l>tXt7r7rou Std rovrw^ rwt' e^ rats 
 
 eavrovs rw <I>tXt7r7rw /cat 
 dTrayyetXdvraj^, l^rjTra.Trji'TO Se ot 
 raXatVajpot ^>oj/ceTs /cat dvTJprjVTo at TroXet? au- 
 
 43 ra>r, rt eyeVero ; ot /xev /card7rrvo~rot BerraXot 
 /cat dvatV^rot 17/3 a?ot <j>i\ov evepyerrjv o-wrfjpa 
 TOV 3>i\nnrov rjyovvTO TTOLVT e/cetz/os T)V avrot? 
 ovSe <f>a)vr)v TJKOVOV, et rt? dXXo rt ^ouXotro Xe- 
 
 '. vp.LS Se v<^>op<tip.voi ra TreTrpay/xeVa /cat 
 
 rail/ eis ras crvfj,(f>opa.<;, KOL vofiuraO' opav aXio KO/jLfvrjv TTJV 
 Ti^<uv /carao-Ka^as, /A7rpT;cris otKiwv, dyo/teVas yvvat/cas cai 
 TratSas tis SovXeiav, Tr/jeo-ySvras dv^pojTrous, 7rp<r^3i'Ti8as ywai- 
 Kas, o^ /j.cTafj.avOdvovTa^ TTJV IXevOepiav, K\aiovTa<s, uceTeiWras 
 v/ias, opyt^o/ievovs ou TOIS Ti/twpou/Aevois, dAAa TOIS TOVTODV atri- 
 015, eTTicrKi^TTTovTa? p.rj8evl Tpoirta TOV TT}? 'EAAaSos a 
 <rr<f>avovv, dAAa KCU TOV 8ai/xova /cat T^V TU^V T- 
 \oyOovcrav TO) dv^pwTra) <f>v\.da.cr@a.i.
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 25 
 
 Tuyere rrjv tpivrjv o/otws ou yap 
 o TL av eVotetre. /cat ot aXXot Se 
 
 /cat 
 
 T7\7rtcra^, ^yov TT)*' eiprjvqv, aurot rpoirov nva 
 K TroXXov TroXe/xov/xe^ot. ore ya/9 Trepuaiv OtXtTT- 44 
 7T05 'iXXu^tovs /cat Tpi/3aXXou5, rtm? Se /cat rail/ 
 /caTecrr/)e^)TO, /cat Svi/a/tet? TroXXa? /cat 
 eVotet^' v^>' eavrw, /cat Ttve? rait' /c raiv 
 eVt r^ rrj? 1/917^175 e^oucrta /SaS 
 
 e/cetcre ie<>eovTO, a>v t? OVTO? v, rorc 
 
 raura 
 
 et Se /x^ r)(r6a.vovro, credos 6 Xoyos 
 OUTO5, ou TT^OS e/x. eyw /xev -yap upovXeyov /cat 45 
 
 /cat Tra^j' v/Ati' det /cat oirot TTC/X- 
 at Se TroXet? evocrovv TO>V p.ev Iv rw 
 TroXtreuecr^at /cat Trparreiv $(i)po$OKOvi>T(ov /cat 
 Sta^>^etpo/xeVcuv eVt ^pr}p.acrL, TMV Se tStajTwi' /cat 
 TroXXtui' ra /xei/ ov Trpoopat^evuv, TO, Se rrj /ca^' 
 fjfjifpav pacrTCL)inr) /cat (r^oXrj SeXea^o/xeVcu^, /cat 
 
 TOtOVTOVt Tt TTCt^O? TTeTTOvOoTtoV a.TT<ivT(i)V, 7T\r)V 
 
 OVK e<f> eaurov? e/cacrTa>i' oto/xeV<uv TO Setwi/ 
 "fj^eiv, /cat Sta rait' trepans KIV&VVMV ra .a.VTO)V 
 do~(^aXais cr^o'et^, orat' /SovXwvrat. etr' ot/tat 46 
 crvfji/3/3rjKe rot? /xeV TT\r}6f.<riv O.VTI Trjs TroXX^s 
 /cat aKaipov paOv/JLias TTJV l\evBepLa.v a7roX<uXe/ce- 
 vat, rot9 Se TrpoecrTrjKoa-L /cat raXXa TrX^v eav- 
 TOV5 oto/xeVot? TrwXeti' Trpwrou? eaurovs
 
 24 AHM020ENOT2 
 
 alcrBecrBai' avrl yap <j>l\a)V /cat eva)v, a 
 Tore atpofjid^ovTo rjviKa eSwpoSo/cow, vvv /cdXa/ces 
 /cat 0eol<s e^Opol /cat TaXX' a Trpoa"rJKi TTOLVT 
 
 47 d/cououcriv. ovSets ya/3> aVSpe? 'A^vatot, TO 
 rov TrpoStSo^ro? crvfJL^epov t^ron> ^prf^ar ava.- 
 XtV/cet, ovS' eTretSa^ wv az^ Trpir^rai /cvpto? yeV^- 
 rat, ra> 77^080x17 crv/AySovXw ?rept raiv XOITTW^ ert 
 ^prjrai- ov$ev yap av r\v ev^aifjiovlcrTepov irpo- 
 SOTOV. aXX* ou/c ecrrt ravra -rroBev ; TroXXou ye 
 /cat Set. dXX' eVetSav rwi' TrpayfiaTajv eyKparys 
 6 ZflTwv ap^eiv Karaa-Trj, /cat TUV ravra O.TTO- 
 So/AeVwf 8eo"7ror^9 eVrt, rrjv 8e TrovTqpia.v 
 
 rdre 817, rore /cat /ucret /cat aTTtcrTet /cat 
 
 48 Xa/ct^et. o"/co7retTe 8e' /cat yap et T 
 
 6 Tft>i> TrpayjjLdTuv /catpo?, 6 TOV ye etSeVat Ta 
 TotauTa /catpog act Trdpecm Tot? eu 
 
 7rpov$(OKv "OXvvOov ^XP 1 T VTov Tt/toXao?, 
 aTTwXeo-e i^/Sas fte^/ot TOVTOV EuSt/co? /cat 
 ? 6 Aapto~ato?, ecu? eTTaXtai' VTTO 
 * /cat 
 
 /cat Tt KOLKOV ov% TTo.<TyQVTtov TTacra rj 
 
 fJL(TTr) yeyovev. Tt 8' 'AptcrT^aTO? eV 
 
 49 /cat Tt ITeptXao? e^ Meyayoot? ; ov/c a 
 
 jaeVot ; e^ d>i> /cat (Ta^lcrrar av Tt? tSot OTI 6 
 /xdXto~Ta ^vXctTTcov TT)I> eavTov TrarptSa /cat TrXet- 
 ora d^TtXeycuv TOVTot?, OVTO? u/Atv, Ato~^t^, Tots
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE3>ANOT. 25 
 
 /cat ^larapvovcri TO 
 
 Tre/atTTOtei, /cat Sta TOU? iroXXous 
 TovTa>i/t /cat row? ai/^tcrra/xeVov? rot? v/xerepots 
 y8ovXr?/Aa<rtv vjaets e'erre croiot /cat e/x/xtcr^ot, eVet 
 Sta ye v/aa? avrou? vraXat ai/ aTroXwXetre. 
 
 Kat Tre^ot /xei' TWV rore irpa.^6evT(i)V \o)v ert 5 
 TroXXa Xeyetv, Kat raura T^yotyxat TrXetw rail' t/ca- 
 tlprja-00.1- atrto? 8* ovro?, cucrvreyo e 
 rtva /xou T^S Trovrjpias r^5 eavrou /cat 
 
 /caracr/ceSao'a?, ^v d^ay/catoi' ^^ TT/QO? 
 T&V 7T7T/3ay/xVa)v a.7roXvcra<r#at. 
 Se tcraj?, ot /cat Tryatv e/x,e eiireiv 
 OTLOVV etSdre? TT)V TOVTOV Tore ^(rBapvia.v. /cat- 5* 
 rot <f>iXiav ye /cat ^evlav avrr^v oi^o/xa^et, /cat vw 
 elvre' TTOU Xe'ya)^ " 6 TT)I^ 'AXe^a^S^ou eviav ovei- 
 
 S'Y >/ >/ /' '*\ > " / 5' / 
 
 ta>i> e/xot. eyw <rot ^evtav AXegavOpov ; TTO- 
 
 ^e^ XafiovTi f) TTtu? d^tw^eVrt ; oure ^>tXt7T7rou 
 evov OVT J A\.edi>8pov <$>i\ov et7rot/x' ai^ eyai ere, 
 ou^ OUTCU /xatVo/xat, et /A^ /cat rou? Oepicrras /cat 
 TGI*? aXXo rt fjucrffov Trparrovra? ^tXov? /cat e- 
 t'ou? Set /caXetf raw /xto-^axra/xeVwv. dXX' ov/c 52 
 ecrrt raura Trodev ; TroXXou ye /cat Set. dXXa 
 jJLicr0a)Tov e'ytu ere <t>tXt7T7rou Trporepov /cat i/vi> 
 /caXai, /cat ourot Trdvre?. et S' aTTt- 
 
 66. 6 yap ytuo-aA.e'^ai'Spos wvt <eurK<irt/ civat Kai TOTC 
 <^)tXi7r7ros ArifJuxrOevTrp;, 6 T^V ^cviav CJMOI irpo<f>tpwv TTJV ' 
 opov,
 
 26 
 
 crrets, ep(i)TT)<rov auToug. fJiaXXov 8' eyo> 
 
 
 valoi, So/cet /At<T$o>TOs Aicr^t 
 'AXe^dVSpou ; a/covets a \eyovcriv. 
 53 BovXo/icu roivvv 17817 /cat Treyot TTJ? ypa(j>fj<s 
 aTTo\oyi^cra.crdai /cat SteeA$eu> TO, TTC- 
 V e/xauTai, iW Kaiirep etSw? 
 d/couorT7 St' a ^/xt /cat TOVTOUI> rail/ 
 
 KCU iroXXa) ^eitpvwv ert 
 Si'/caios et^at rvy^a^et^. Kat /xot Xeye 
 ^v ypa<$>r)v avTrjv 
 
 TPA^H. 
 
 TI XaipwvSov ap^ovros, fXa(f>rj(3o\iMivo<; fKTr) t 
 'Arpofjuyrov Ko^wKi'Srys aTT-^vcyKe ?rpos TOV 
 
 Kara Kr;(rt^)a)VTos TOV Aeoxr^ei/oDs 'Ava<Av<rTi'ov, 
 OTI typaij/f Trapa.vop.ov {f/rj<f>i(rp.a., ws dpa Set o-TC<f>avwcrai Ar^- 
 jp.ocrOei'ov's Ilataviea xpv<r<a o~Tf(f)dvw, KCU avayo- 
 cv TO) Oedrpta Aiowtriois TOIS /tAeyaXois, rpaywSois icai- 
 art OT^>avoi 6 8^/AOS A?;yLtoo-^c'i^/v A^/AOo-^evovs Daiai/iea 
 vw dper^s cveKa, Kai cuvoias ^S exw SiareAet ci? 
 re TOVS "EAA?;vas aTravras Kai TOV ofjfJiov rwv 'AOrjvaiwv, KO.I 
 avopayaOLas, /cat Stort SiarcXct TrparTwv Kat Aeywv ra ySeXricrTa 
 T<3 8^/x<i) cat Trp6@v/j.6<5 eo~rt Trotetv o rt av owT/rat ayaaov, 
 55 TTavra ravra if/cvaf] ypai/'as Kat irapaVe/u.a, TWV vofjuav OVK eoji 
 Trpwrov ftev i/TuScts ypa<^a5 ets ra 8j//xo<rta ypayu,/iara 
 Xco-^at, etra TOV VTTCV^VVOV OTt^avofr (lo-Tt Ar)po(r9evr]<5 
 TTOIOS Kat CTTI Tu>v ^cwptKuiv TfTay/Acvos), cTt 8e /AT) avayopci'etv 
 TOV o~rc</>avov ev T<3 Oedrpta Atovvo'iots TpaywSaiv TTJ Kaivfj, aAA' 
 eav /ACV ^ ftovXrj oTc^avot, ev TW ftovXfvrrjpitit aveiTmv, cav 8
 
 IIEPI TOT STE<I>ANOT. 27 
 
 r; TroAis, ev HVKVI ev TTJ eK/cAr/crta. TifJ.r]fia raXavra ircmy- 
 KOVTU. K\rjrop 
 KAeW KAewvos 
 
 Stoi/cei TOV 
 
 ' 
 
 vatot, ratr eortV. eya> 8' air' avr<t>v TOVT<DV 
 
 TTpO)TOV ot/ACU SrJXoV V/Xl^ TTOl^CTeiV OTL TTO.VTO. 
 
 Si/caitD? aTToXoyrycro/xat r^ yap avrrjv rovrw 
 iTOLr)crdp,i>o<s TUV yeypaimevtov ragt^ Trept Trai^ 
 rwv e/3o> /ca^' KacrToi> <f>eYJ<; /cat ovSev /ca^ 
 TrapaXetyo). rov p.is ovv ypai//at Trparrovra. /cai 57 
 Xeyovra TO, /SeXrtcrra yae TOJ &r^t&> OtareXett' /cai 
 elvai TTOLtlv o TL Su^a/aat ayaOov, /cat, 
 eVt rourot?, eV rot? 7re7roXtrev/x,eVot? 
 Kpicriv etvcLL i>o/ua> aTTO yap TOVTOJV e 
 
 vpe0TJcreTai etre aXrjOr) irepl e/xou yeypar^e 
 ravra /cat Trpo(nJKOi>Ta etre /cat t/ieuSyJ 
 TO 8e /AT) 7T/3oo-ypai//ayra " eVetSav ra? evflvvas 58 
 Sa> " o-Te<f)avovi>, /cat dvetTreti/ > ra> Bedrpo) rov 
 
 
 1 1 . KartSwv 8e TIS ravra VO/XO^C'TTJ? TtOrjo-i vo/iov Kai /xa 
 KuXuJs r^oiTa, TOV oiapp-^8rjv aTrayopcuovra rows V7ro;dvvov9 /^^ 
 crre^avow. KO.I ravra OVTWS ev TrpoKaTetX^^oTos roi) 
 fvprjvrai /cpeiTTove? Aoyot TWV vd/^.wi', ov? et /w,^ TIS v/xiv e 
 A^o"T ta.Tra.Tr)$evTf.<i. TOVTOW yap rives TCUV TOVS w 
 n"T^>avovvTO)v Trapa TOVS voyxous 01 /ACV <^>i'<Tt //.erpiot etcrtv, ei 
 oiy rts eo~rt /Acrpios TWV TO. 7rapavo/Aa ypa<J>6vTwv aAA ovv Trpo- 
 f3d\Xovrai yc TI Trpo T^S aur^w^. 7rpoo-eyypa^>ou(ri yap irpos 
 ra \jrrj(f>i(Tfj.aTa <rTf<f)a.vovi> TOV irrrevOwov, lirfi8oiV Xoyov icai u$v- 
 ?- * 2 Ka ' T / M^ ToXis TO
 
 28 
 
 /ceXeuo-at, Koivajvelv pev ^yov/xat 
 TOVTO rots TreTroXtrev/xeVots, etre a^tos et/xt TOV 
 (TT(f>dvov Kal TTJS dvappTJo-etos rrjs ev rovrot? etre 
 /cat /x?7, ert /xeWot /cat row? vottovs Sei/creW etVat 
 /xot So/cet, /ca^' ov? ravra ypa.^>f.iv efjv TOVTOJ. 
 ovrojcrl p.v, a> avSpes \\0r)vcuoi, St/catw? /cat 
 aTrXw? T^y a.7roXoytav eyvw/ca TroteTcr^at, ySaStov- 
 
 59 />tat 8' evr' avra a TreVyoa/crat /not. /cat /xe /xi^Set? 
 viroXdftr) dTraprav rov \6yov TTJS ypa^rj^, la.v 19 
 'EXXi7^t/ca9 TT/aa^et? /cat Xoyous e/xTrecrw 6 yap 
 Sio>/ca>i/ TOV \l/r)<f>icriJLaTo<s TO Xeyet^ /cat Trparret^ 
 TO, dpicrra. /xe /cat yeypa/A/xeVo? ravra a>? ou/c 
 d\r)0r), OUTO5 Icrnv 6 TOU? 7re/3t a.TrdvT(ov TMV 
 e/iot TreTToXtrev/xeVcui' Xoyov? ot/cetov? /cat dz^ay- 
 /catov? 777 ypa(f>r) TreTrotTy/cw?. etra /cat TroXXai^ 
 Trpoaipecreuv ova-wv rij? TroXtreta? rr}*> Tre/ot ra? 
 'EXX^i/t/ca? TT/aa^-et? elXofJLTjv eyw, cSo-re /cat ra? 
 aTToSet^et? e/c rovrw^ St/cato? et/xt Troteur^at. 
 
 60 *A /Lte^ ovv Trpo rov TroXtreveo'^at /cat S^/xryyo- 
 peTv e/xe irpovXa/Se /cat /carecr^e ^tXtTnros, eacrw 
 ovSei' yap ^you/tat rovrw^ et^at Trpo? eyxe- a 8' 
 
 rat TrpoKu.Ta\a.fj.ftdvovraL yap orai'vois cai o-T 
 
 o Bf TO \f/r)<f)Lcr[J.a. ypdffxav cvSei/cnrrai rot? d*covou<riv, on ye'ypa</> 
 
 /iev TrapdvofJLa, aur^werai 8e <^>' ots fi/J.d.pTr)Kf. 
 
 'Adrjvdioi, vTrepTT^S^tra? TOV vo/tov TOV ircpi TOJV 
 
 vov Kai T^/V 7rpo<^ao'tv, ijv eya> dprta>s Trpofiirov ifjuv, dvcAwv, 
 
 Xoyov, Tr/aiv ev^vvas Sovvai, yeypac^e fj.(Tav Ar//io<r^ev7;v ap^ovra 
 
 ore^avow.
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 29 
 
 
 eir ravra eirea-Trjv eyo> /cat 8te/c&>- 
 j, TO.VTCL avafjunjaa) /cat TOVTOJV v^e'^co \6yov, 
 TOCTOVTOV vtrenrdiv. TrXeoi/e'/cr^a, a> aV8pe? * \6r]- 
 vatot, /xe'ya virrjp^e <J>tXtV7roj. vrapa ya^> rot? 61 
 ', ov TUJIV aXX anacrLV o^totw?, <f>opa.v 
 /cat SwpoSo/cw^ /cat #eot9 l^Bpatv avdpat- 
 By yevecrOai Too-avrrjv, ocryv ovSets TTO> 
 TTporepov ftffurqTCU yeyovvlav ovs crui/ayco^tcrra? 
 /cat (rwepyovs XajSajv /cat irpoTepov /ca/ca>? rou? 
 ^EXXry^a? e^o^ra? TT^OS eavrou? /cat crracrtafrTt/coiis 
 ert ^iipov Sieft^ire, rorl*? ^tet' ^y.Tra.ra)v t rot? Se 
 v?, Tou? Se Travra rpoirov &i,a(j>deLpcDV, /cat 
 et? ^6/317 TroXXa ^09 TOV (rvfji(f>epovTOS 
 airacrw ovro?, /cwXvetv eKelvov peyav yiyveorBaL. 
 Iv ToiavTr) 8e /caracrracret /cat ert ayvoia. TOV wv- 62 
 tcrra/xeVou /cat <^uo/xeVou /ca/cou TWV aTravratv 'EX- 
 X^i^wv WTO)!' Set o-Koirelv v/za?, di^S/ae? 'A^rpatot, 
 rt TrpocrfjKOv fjv eXecr^at TrpdYreti/ /cat iroieiv TVJV 
 Tr6\ii>, /cat TOVTOJV Xoyov Trap e/xou Xa/8eu> 6 yap 
 fVTavOa. tavTov ra^a? r^5 TroXtreta? et/xt eyw. TTO- ^3 
 repov avTr)v e^prjv, Atcr^ti^, TO <j>p6vr)fjia a<j>elorav 
 /cat Tr)v diav rrjv aur^s eV r^ QerraXwi' /cat Ao- 
 ra^et o-vy/cara/cracr^at 4>tXt7T7ra> rr)^ rail/ 
 ap^rjv /cat ra Tcai; Trpoyovaiv /caXa /cat 
 8t/cata dvcupelv ; fj TOVTO p,ev p.r) vrotet^, 
 yap a5 0X7)60)^, a 8' ewpa o-v/x/Sr/o-d/xe^a, et 
 /ca>Xu(ret, /cat Trpor)O'9dve6 J , 0*5 eot/cev, e/c rroXXov,
 
 30 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 64 ravTO, TrepuoeLV yiyvo^va ; dXXa vvv eyooye rov 
 
 eVtrt/xaWa rot? TreTrpay/xeVots i^Se'a;? av 
 , rrjs Trot'as /xept'Sos yeveo-Bai Typ TroXtv 
 e/3ovXer' oV, rrorepov TTJS crwatrtas raiv crv/x/3c- 
 ftyjKOTtov rot? "EXXi^crt KaKcov KOI alcr^pcov, rjs av 
 erraXov? /cat TOL>S /xera TOUTOJI^ etTrot rt9, ^ 
 Treyotew/oa/cvta? ravra ytyi/o/Aei/a ETTI rij 
 TrXeove^ta? eXTuSi, ^5 a^ 'A^o/caSa? /cat 
 
 65 ovs /cat 'Apyetov? Bei^^v. aXXa /cat 
 TroXXot, /xaXXot' 8e Tra^re?, yetpov -fjfjLtov aTrrj\\d- 
 
 /cat ya/D et /AC^ a? e/c/aar^cre 
 ' evdeus O.TTLOJV /cat /xera ravr' ^ye^ 
 TUT avrov crvxLtawv xire TOJI^ aXXajv 'EX- 
 
 v a rt? /cara 
 ots eTrparrev e/cetvo? 
 
 /cat /carryyopta et 8e o/xotw? aTrdvTayv TO 
 TT)^ rjyefjLOViav, rrjv IXevOepiav vreptetXero, 
 Se /cat ra? TroXtreta?, ocrwv ^Swaro, TTW? 
 a.TrdvT(v et'So^orara v/xet? cftovXevcracrOe e/xot 
 
 66 'AXX* e/cetcre eiravep^ofjiat. rt TT^V TroXtv, At- 
 7rpoa"fJK Trotetv o.p^qv /cat rvpavvi^a TO>V 
 
 XLTTTTOV ; 17 rt roi^ a-viJ.(3ovXov eSet Xe'yetv 
 ypa.<j>eiv, rov 'A&qwftri, (/cat yap rouro 
 Sta^epet), 65 crvi^Setv /ae^ e/c Trai'Tos TOU 
 
 Trjs T7/iepa9, d<^)' ^9 avro? eVt TO fir) pa avc-
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 31 
 
 ftrjv, del TTf.pl TrpajTeiwv /cat Tt/xr)? /cat 80^179 dya>- 
 vdppiirqv rr^v 7rar/3tSa, /cat TrXeto) /cat xP 1 lf JLaTa 
 /cat crwyuara dvrjXwKvlav vtrep <tXoTt/xta<? /cat 
 Tratrt <Tvp.<f>ep6vTa>v f) ra>v dXXwv 'E 
 avTa>v avrj\<i)Kacriv ocacrrot, t<t)p<ov S' avrov rov 67 
 4>tXt7T7Tov, 77^305 6v 17 1/ T^/Atv 6 dywt', 
 /cat Suvacrreta? roi/ ofyOaXpov e/c/ce/co/x/xeVo^, 
 /careaydra, T^ x W a > T o" K 
 
 TTOLV o rt fiovX-rjffeir) fjipo<; r) rv^n T v 
 /xaros napeXeo-QaL, rouro TrpoiefJitvov, wcrre ra> 
 XotTrw /xera rt/xrj? /cat Sd^? ^rjv ; /cat /XT)V ouSe 68 
 TOVTO ye ovSet? ai/ et7reti> roX/A^crat, a>s TO> 
 eV TleXXi^ r/aa^eVrt, ^cu/3ta> dSd^a> rdre y 
 /cat fjuKpa), Tocravrrjv /AeyaXoi//v^tai^ 
 eyyevecrOai, eScrre r^s TGJV 'EXXi^i'a)!/ 
 0vfj,-fjo-at, /cat TOUT' et? TOI/ i^ovv e/x^SaXecr^at, v/ 
 8' ouo-tv 'A #771^10 1<? /cat /caTa T^V rjfjiepav 
 ei^ Tracrt /cat Xdyot? /cat BeajpT/jfjiacrL rrjs rwv irpo- 
 
 dpeTrjs VTrd/x^/xa (tecDpovcrt, roo-avTrjv /ca- 
 vnapgai, atcrre T^S e'Xeu^e/na? avT7rayyeX- 
 TOU5 e^eXo^Ta? Trap a^ajp^ era t <I>tXt7r7rw. ouS' a^ 
 t? TauTa (f>T/jcreLev. XOLTTOV TOLVVV rjv /cat aVay 69 
 KO.LOV a/Lta TTO.CTIV ot? e/ceti'o? eirpaTTtv d 
 v/xa? IvavTiovcrOai 8t/cata>5. TOUT' CTrotetTe 
 u/Ltets e^ dp^i]?, et/coTw? /cat TT/aocr^/cdvTw?, eypa- 
 ^>o^ oe /cat crvvefiovXevov /cat eyw /ca^' ov? eVoXt- 
 6/xoXoyai. dXXa Tt ^
 
 32 
 
 17877 ydp cr epwrai, TrdvTa raXX' d<ets, 
 IlvSva^, TlortSataz', 'AXdwrjcroi' ov- 
 7 Sevo? Tourcoy pffUfVffUU Sepptov 8e /cat Acpicr/cov 
 /cat r^v HeirapTJ6ov iropOrjcrLv /cat 6V aXXa 17 
 TroXt? ^St/cetro, ovS' et yeyovtv otSa. /catrot orv 
 y* <f>r)cr0d fie raura Xeyovra et? e^Opav e/xySaXetz^ 
 TovTOvcri, EvySovXou /cat 'Aptcrro^ai^To? /cat Ato- 
 Tret^ov? rw^ Trept TOUTW^ x//?7<tcr/xaTa>i' 
 ov/c fjia)v, di \eya)v eu^epuj? o rt av yS 
 
 7 1 ovSe ^0^ Trept TOUTGJI> epai. dXX' 6 TT)V EvySotav 
 
 cr^erept^o/xevo? /cat /caracr/ceva^wv eVt- 
 eVt r^v 'Arrt/ci^v, /cat Mcyapots eTTt^et- 
 , /cat /caraXa/^dV&>i> 'Qpeov, /cat /caracr/caTrrwv 
 ov, /cat /ca^tcrra? ei/ /xev 'flpew 3?(.\i(TT&r)v 
 Tvpavvov iv 8' 'Eperpta KXetVap^ot', /cat roi^ 'EX- 
 \r\vnovTov v(f> eavrw Trotov/aet'O?, /cat Bu^a^rtot' 
 TroXtop/cwp, /cat TroXet? 'EXX^vtSa? a? /ACV avaipuv, 
 et? a? Se row? <uya8as /caraywv, Trorepov ravra 
 TrdVra Trotaiv -^St/cet /cat TrapecrTro^Set /cat eXve 
 T^V elp^v-qv f) ov ; /cat Trorepov <f>avf)va.i TLVO. 
 TO>V 'E\\TJV<DV TOV ravra /c&jXucro^ra Troteti/ avrov 
 
 72 eyjpr)V TI (JLTJ ; et jaev yap /rr) e^p^v, aXXa TT)^ 
 Mvo-wi> XetW KaXov^evTjv rrjv 'EXXaSa ova-av 
 6<f>0r)vau {<(*)VT(J)V /cat ovraiv *K6r}valo)v, Treptetp- 
 yacr/xat /x,ey ey&> Trept TOVTWV enratv, Treptetpya- 
 crrat S' 17 TroXt? 17 Tretcr^etfra e'/xot, etrrw Se 
 
 Trdi/ra a TreVpa/crat /cat
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 
 
 e/xci. el Se eSet TWO. TOVTWV KtoXvrrjv <f>airfjvai, 
 TWO. a\\ov f) rov 'Atilpatotv Srjfjiov irpocriJKt ysvi- 
 crdau. ; ravra TOIVVV eVoXtreuo/xTyi' eyw, /cat opaiv 
 /caraSovXou//.ewi' Travra.^ dvOptoirovs ixtivov ^VOLV- 
 Ttou/xrp, /cat TrpoXeytui/ /cat SiSdV/cwi' />t^ Trpote- 
 cr6a.L StereXow. 
 
 Kat /M^I/ Tr)v elp-^viqv y /cetvo? eXvcrc ra TrXota 73 
 \af$(i)v, ov% rj 770X15, Aur^O'ty. ^e/oc Se avra ra 
 ^(^tcr/aara /cat T^ eTrtcrroX^ TT)V rov 4>tXt?r- 
 TTOV, /cat Xeye <j>erj<; O.TTO yap TOVTMV, Tts rti 
 airto? ecrrt, ye^crerat 
 
 NeojcAeov?, (JLTJVOS /8or;Spo/xtuJvos, cKK\r)(ria. crvy- 
 VTTO a-Tparrjytav, Eu)8ovXos MvT/cri^eov KoTrpios e?7rev, 
 cTretS^ 7rpo<rr/yyiXav 01 orparT/yoi cv T^ eK/cX^o-ia o>? apa Aecj- 
 8a/xavra TOV vavap^ov Kai TO, /ACT avrov aTrooraAeKra crKa<f>rj 
 
 ClKO<ri 7Tt T^V TOl) O-tVoV TrapaTTO/HTTTJV 1? 'EXA^CTTTOVTOl' 6 TTapa 
 
 ^iXiTrTrov o-rpaTT^yos 'A/ivn-a? KaTay^o^ev eis Ma/ceSovi'av Kai eV 
 <f>v\aicr) X l ' t7ri/AA'/7$i}rai rows Trpirrdveis KUI TOV? crrpaTT/you? 
 OTTWS ^ flavor) a-vva^Ofaa-L *cai aipeOaxri TrpetrySets Trpos ^lAiTTTrov, 
 01 irapaycvo/Aevot 8iaAc'f ovrai Trpo? uvrov Trept TOV) a^Orfvai TOV 74 
 vavap^ov cai Ta TrXoTa Kat TOI> o"TpaTicuTas. Kai ci yu.ev Si* 
 uyvotai' TaiVa irtiroiriKev 6 Ayu,wras, OTI ou p.^p.\l/ip.ot.p^t 6 077/10? 
 ov8fv ' cl 8e Tt TrXrfp.fJLeX.ovvTa. irapa TO. 7reo~raA.p:ei/a XaySwv, OTI 
 eVio-Kei^uftevot 'A^vatoi CTTITI/IT^O-OUO-I KaTa T^V T^S oA.tywptas 
 <ii'ai/. ct 8c /iT^SeTtpov TOITTWV eort'v, dAA* i8ia a.yvw/ioi'ovo'tv 
 ^ 6 aTTOorciXas 17 6 aTTCo-TaX/jievo?, Kat Xe'yctv, tva atcr^avo/xevo? 
 6 877/1.0$ /SovXcuoTTrat Tt Set TTOICIV.]
 
 34 AHMOSBENOTS 
 
 75 TOUTO fJLev TOLVVV TO t/n^icr/Ma EvySovXo? eypa- 
 \jjev, OVK eyat, TO S' <f>erjs 'ApiorTOcfrtov, eW 
 , etr' 'Ayotcrro^wv TraXti', etra ^>t\o- 
 eTra, K^IO-CH^MP, etra Tra^re? ey<w 8' 
 vSei^ Tre/al TOVTOJV. Aeye. 
 
 TI NeoKXeovs ap^ovros, /3or;8po/Aiaivos ev^ Kai vea, j3ov\f}<s 
 , Trptrravets Kat crrpaTT/jyol e^p^/xarwrav TO. CK T^S 
 aveveyKorres, on ISo^c TO) 8iy/>ta) 7r/or/3eis eXeo-dai 
 4>(,At7nrov Trcpt r}s TOV TrXouoi' dva/co/AiS^s /cat evroXas Sowat 
 Kara TO. r^s lKK\r)<ria<; \jrr](f)icrfJiaTa. KCU 
 K?;^tcro</>tovTtt KAewvos 'Ava^Xvo-noi/, Aiy/xoKptrov 
 Avayvpatrtov, IIoXvKpiToi/ 'ATny/xavrov Ko^wKtiSi^i/. Trpwaveia 
 
 76 "Qcnrep TOIVVV eyw ravra Set/ci'vtu ra 
 
 (Tjaara, ovrw crv Set^ov, Ala-^ivj), oirolov eyw 
 ypd\jja.<s \jjTJ(f>LO'fJi,a atrto? et/xi rov TroXeyaov. aXX' 
 ou/c ay e^ot? 6t -ya/3 etxes, ovSe^ av avrov 
 
 TrpoTepov wv\ Trapeo-^ov. Kal ^v ovo 6 <I>i- 
 ovSet' atrtarat e/xe VTre/3 rov TroXe/xov, 
 eyicaXwy. Aeye 8' avTrjv Trjv e 
 rov <I>tXt7r7rou. 
 
 EHI2TOAH 
 
 [Bao-iXci>? MaKeSovtoi/ $tXi7T7ros 'A&jvaiW r^ f3ovXfj KOL TW 
 S?^u.u> ^aipetv. Trapaycvo/tevoi Trpos e/AC oi Trap vfjiw 
 rat, Kv^KTCK^Hjiv Kai A^/xoKptros Kai IIoXvKptTOS,
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE<DANOT. 35 
 
 Trepl TI/S T(JIV 7rA.oio>v d<rco>5 o>v evava.p\ft Aao/xe'oW. *a#' 
 /lev ovv e/toiye fauvecrOf iv /xeyaAr/ fvrjOfta. e<rc<rdcu, et y* 
 
 C/A XavPavciv OTI ea.Treo~rd\r) ravra TO, 
 p.ev OK TOV atrov TrapaTTCfjuj/ovTa K rov EAAT/crTrovrov cts 
 vov, pfrrjOr/o-ovra Se 2>;Av/xy8ptavot9 rots VTT* c/toi) /ACV 
 /xeVois, ov oai/i7rpttA.r//i/Aevots Se ev rats TI}S <f>i\ia<s Kotvfj 
 vais i^/iiv (rv^'^7/Ka^5. KCU ravra (rwTa.^dr) rta vauup^w dvev /iev 78 
 roD 8ijfJ.ov TOV 'A^r/vaiwv, VTTO Se Tt^cuf dp^OKTtuv Kai ercpajv i8iw- 
 
 TWV /AV VVV OKTCOV, CK 7TaVTO9 8t TpOTTOU ftoV\Op.eV(HV TOV OTJfJiOV 
 
 avrl Trj<; vvv V7rap^ova~rj<; Trpo? /A <^>tXtas TOI/ TroXf/iov dvoA.a)8tv, 
 
 7ToAA<3 /AttAAoV (f>t\OTLfJl.OVfJifV(t)V TOVTO CTUVTCTcAco-^at >/ TOIS 2^- 
 
 Avyu-/8ptavois Porj&fjo-ai. KCLL \)Tro\a.p.fia.vov<Tiv aurois TO TOIOVTO 
 Trpwrooov etrco-^at ov /icVroi /AOI SOKCI TOVTO \pr)o-ifJ.ov virap^uv 
 ovO vf/uv OVT' ip-oi. SioTrep rd re i/vv Kara^^eWa TrXoia Trpos 
 i7/xas a<f>Lr][ju vfj.iv, Kal TOV AOITTOV, eav f3ov 
 TOIS Trpoeo-n/Koo-iv v/tttov *caKor/^o>9 TroAiTCveo'^ai, dAA' eT 
 <cdyw Sta^uAdrrciv r^v elpTjvrjv. 
 
 ' ouSa/iov Arjfj,ocr0cinr)v ytypa.fyev, ouS' 79 
 alriav ouSe/xtat' /car' e/xou. rt TTOT* ow roi? aX- 
 Xot? ejKaktov TWV e/xol TreTrpay/oteVajv ov^t /u,e/xi^- 
 rat ; ort rwt' dSt/c^/xaTw^ av e/xe/x^ro TOJJ^ aurov, 
 ct rt TJ-ept e/aou yeypa^et rovrtoi^ yap 
 cyw /cat TOVTOIS ^va-vnov^v. /cat TrpatTov 
 Tip et? HeXoTTo vvr)<rov Trp$cr{$ia.v e-ypa^a, ore 
 rrpajTov 6KCCVOS t? IleXoTroi'z^crot' vrapeSvero, etra 
 TT^I/ ets EuySotav, i^i/t/c' Ev/Sota? ^Trrero, etra TT)^ 
 eV 'Clptbv cgobov, ov/cert rrpecr^eiav, /cat r^ ct9 
 l&perptaur, eTretS^ rvpdwovs e/cea'o? ei^ ravrat? 
 rats TToXeo-t /caTecrr^cre^. /xera ravra Se rov5 80
 
 36 
 
 dVoo-ToXovs airavTCis aTrecrretXa, /ca#' ou? Xep- 
 e(7CL)0Tj /cat BvdVrtoi' /cat TrdWes ot cru/x- 
 e wv V/AW> ftev TO, /cdXXtcrra, eiraivoi 
 
 So^at rt/xat crre^avoi ^aptre?, napd TO>V ev TTC- 
 
 TTOvBoT(i)V VTTTJpXOV, TO>V 8' dSt/COV/AcWj/ TOtS /ACl' 
 
 v/xtt' rore Tretcr^etcrw 17 crwr^pta Tre/Dteyevero, rot? 
 o* oXiycDpTJcracn TO 7roXXa/ct &>*> v/xet? TrpoetTrare 
 /xe/AV^cr^at, /cat voju,tea> v/^as /AT) JJLOVOV 
 eaurot? aXXa /cat <^poi/t/xov? di>0pa>7rov<s /cat 
 Tts etvat TrdVra yap K/3/Br)Kev a 
 
 81 /cat /XT^V ort TroXXa yuie^ a^ ^pT^/xara eSw/ce cE>tXt- 
 arTiorjs iiHTT ex LV '^/>^o^, TroXXa Se KXetrap^o? 
 wtrr' e^eti' 'Eper/atat', TroXXa 8' avro? 6 <l>tXt7r7ro5 
 ajo~T Tav&* vTrdpyeLV l(f> v/xa? avra> /cat Treyot rwi/ 
 aXXcoi/ ju/^Sez' e^eXey^ecr^at /x^S' a TTOIMV r}8t/cet 
 /xi^SeVa l^eToi^eLv TravTayov, ouSets ayz'oet, /cat 
 
 82 irdvTCDV r)KL<TTa crv ot yap Trapd TOV KXetrap^ou 
 /cat TOV <I>tXto-Tt8ou ToYe 7T/3eo-/3ets Sevp' d(f)LKvov- 
 
 Trapd <rot /caTeXvo^, Ato-^tvry, /cat cru npov- 
 avrojv ovs 17 /xe^ TroXt? 0*9 e^Bpov<s /cat 
 
 2l8. T^V 8' 6/AT/V O-lOWnJl/, W A^/XOOT^EI/CS, ^ TOV /Jl'oV fJLTpl6- 
 
 TT;S 7rapo-Kt;ao-v ap^cei yap /xoi /atKpa Kat ju.ei^ova)v aicr^ois 
 ov/c emOvpAa, OKTTC Kat (rtyai Kai Xe'yto /3ovAevcra//,evos, dXX' OUK 
 avayKa^oyatvos VTTO TT^S ev r^ <f>vcrfi 8a.Tra.vrj>;- crv o , ot/tai, 
 Xafiiav /Av creo-iyT/Ka?, dvaXaxras Sc Ke/cpaya?. Acycts 8e ov^ 
 OTroTav crot SOKT^ oiS' a ftovXei, a\X' birorav oil fJucrOoSoTai croi 
 7Tpo<rTaTToxnv OVK aur^vvy 8e dAa^ovcvd/xcvos, a
 
 IIEPI TOT TE<t>ANOT. 37 
 
 ovre St/cata oure crv^epovra. Xeyoi/ra? ctTnjXacre, 
 trot 8' ycrav (tXot. ov TOLVVV eirpd^Or) Tovratv 
 ouSeV, a> /3\ao'<j>'r)p,<t>v Trepl e/xou /cat Xeytov a>5 
 o~ta)7TG> /xei> Xa/3a>v, /3oa> 8' cu>aXwcrag. dXX' ov 
 o"u, aXXa y8oa? /xev ^(DI>, Travcret Se ovSeVor', ea^ 
 /X7y ere ourot Travfrojcrt^ drt/xwcravTe? TijfJiepov. 
 (TTttfravajcrdvTui' roivvv vjjia>v e/xe eVt rovrots Tore, 83 
 KCU ypai/fa^ro? ' ApicrTovitcov ra? avra? o~vXXay8a,5 
 acr7re/3 ovrocrl Kr^crt^aii' wi^ yeypafye, Kal dvap- 
 vTos ev rw Bedrpoj TOV arc^dvov, /cat Seirre- 
 Kr)pvyp,a.TO<s 17817 /xot TOVTOU yiyvofJLtvov, our' 
 Atcr^ti^s irapwv ovre TOV einovTa eypa.- 
 Kat /xot Xeye /cat TOUTO TO 
 
 ['ETTI XaipwvSov 'Hye/Aovos ap^ovros, ya/AT/Xtaivos ?*CTT; aTrtov- 84 
 TOS, <^>vA^s TrpuravevovoT/s Aeovri'So?, 'Apioron/cos <I>pcapptos 
 CITTCV, tTTfi&r) Ar)p.ofr6fvr)<; A77/u,o<r#eVou5 Ilatai'cers TroXXas <at 
 /xcyoiAa? xpei'as Trapeo-^T/rai T<S S;/AU) r<3 ' A.0r)vaitav KOL TroXXois 
 Ttov (rvfifjid^tav KOL Trpdrepov, Kai ev TO) Trapovri Kaipw (3e(3o^Or)Ke 
 8ia TWV {j/ri<f>i(riJ.a.T<j)v Kai rivas raiv cv T^ Ev/3ot'a TroXewv r)\evOf- 
 po)K, Kat SiareAct ewovs wv TW ST^/AW TW 'A^r;vat'cov, /cat .Xe'yei 
 >cat TrpaTTCt o rt av SvvT/rai dya^ov vrrep TC avrwv ^AOrjvatwv Kai 
 TWV aAAwv EAAT/vwv, SeSd^^at r^ /3ovX.fj Kat TW 8r^/xa) T<3 'A^r/- 
 vatwi' eTratvctrat &r)fj.ocr6finr]v &r}[jioo'0evov<; Ilatavtea Kai crre<a- 
 vaxrat ^pwrw o-re</>av<j), Kai dvayoptwrai TOV OT^>ai/ov ev TW 
 $aYpa>, TpaywSots Katvots, TT/S 8e avayopcwrtws TOV (rr^dvov 
 Trifj.\r)@riva.i rrjv Trpirravevavcrav <fiv\rjv Kai TOV dyu>vo6fTnv.
 
 38 AHMOSHENOTS 
 
 85 v Eo~rw ovv OCTTIS vpuv oTSe TWO. alcr^vvrjv rfj 
 TroXet crvfJL/Bao-av Sta rovro TO x//7^<^tcr/Aa 17 ^Xev- 
 acrfjiov 17 yeXcora, a I'vV ouros (17 o'vp,fiijo'6cr0aL, 
 lav eya> crre^avwyu-ai ; /cat /u/r^ orai^ T) *>e'a /cai 
 
 Tracrt TO, Trpay/aara, ea^ re /caXw? 
 rvy^a^et, eav ^' tu? ere/aw?, 
 rolvvv eya> ^aptro? rerv^/cw? rare, /cat 
 ou /u.ejuA/;eaK ovSe rt/xeupta?. 
 
 86 Ou/cou^ ! J -^XP i f*^" T&JI/ xpov<i>v Keiva)V, Iv ol<s 
 raur' eTrpd^Brj, TTOLVTO.^ d^wyMoXoy^jaat ra apicrra 
 
 rrj TroXet, TW VIKO.V, or' e^SovXevecr^e, 
 /cat ypa^xwv, ra> KaraTrpa.^d^va.1 ra ypa- 
 <f>VTa KOL (TTe<f)dvov<; e avrwv rrj TroXet /cat e/u.ot 
 /cat Tracrt yevecrOaL, rco ^vcrta? rot? ^eot? /cat 
 croSov? &)? ayadiiiv TOVTCOV ovrwv v/za? 
 
 87 'ETretS^ TOIVVV e/c r^5 Eu^Sota? 6 
 
 v/xcoi^ erj\d0r), ro?5 /xet' oVXot?, r^ Se TroXtreta /cat 
 rot? i//T7<^>to~/xao~t, /ca^ Stappaywo~t rtve? rovra>*>, 
 , erepov Kara rr)? TroXecu? eTrtret^tcryu-o^ 
 w^ 8' ort crtrw TTOLVTO^V av6p(i)ir<v 
 TrXetcrrw ^patfjied' eVeto-a/crw, ySovXo/aei/o? r^s o~t- 
 Kvpios yfvdcrdai, Trap\0(ov eVt pa- 
 Bv^a^rtov? o~u/x/>ta^ovs oVra? aurw ro 
 
 V <TV^TTO\^eiV TOV TTyOO? V/XC19 
 
 , a>5 8' ov/c r)6e\ov ouS' evrt rovro t? (j>acrav 
 
 i,av irtTroLrjcrflaL, Xeyovre? d 
 pa/ca ySaXoftevos 77/309 ri^ TroXet /cat
 
 IIEPI TOT STE^ANOT. 39 
 
 eVoXtdp/cet. TOVTOIV 8e yiyvo^votv 88 
 
 O rt /HI> TT/OOCTTJ/Ce 7TOteW> V/XCt?, OU/C TTep(t)TTJO-O) ' 
 
 877X01^ yap ICTTLV O.TTO.ITIV. dXXa rt? T)I> 6 /3or)0Tj- 
 cra? rot; Buai>rtot? /cat o~a>cra? avrou? ; rts 6 
 /cajXucra? TOI/ 'EXX^o-Tro^rov aXXoTpiudfjvai KO.T 
 e/cetVou? rov? ^ao^ov? ; v/xet j, a) avSpe? 'A^r^- 
 valoi. TO 8' v/xet? ora^ Xtyw, rr)^ TroXtf Xeya>. 
 rt? 8' 6 -HJ TroXet Xeycur /cat ypd(f)(jjv /cat irpaLTrotv 
 /cat avrXai? kavrov et? ra Trpay/xara d<^)t8a>9 Sou? ; 
 eyw. dXXa /AT)I^ i^Xt/ca raura at^eX^cret' aTra^ra?, 89 
 ov/cer' e/c rou Xoyou Set fJiaOelv, dXX' pya> rreirei- 
 6 yap Tore iv crra? TrdXe/Lto? ctveu rov 
 av eVey/ceu> ei^ Trdcrt rot? /caret TOI> ^8to^ 
 d(j>0ovajTepoi<; /cat evcovorepois Sirjyev v/xa? r^5 
 I'uv eipijvrjs, $\v ovroi /caret r^? TrarptSo? rrjpov- 
 criv ot ^pjja-Tol eVt rat? /AeXXoucrat? eXTTtcrti/, a)i/ 
 BiafJidpTOLev, /cat /xerctcr^otev oif u/xet? ot ra ^8eX- 
 rto~ra ySovXd/xevot rov? 6eov<s atretre, /x^ /xera- 
 Sotei/ u/xti/ air aurot TrpoyprjvraL. Aeye S' aurot? 
 /cat rov? rtoi^ Bvai'rtooi> o~re^)ctvov; /cat rou? 
 icjv, ot? Icrre^dvovp IK TOVTOIV 
 
 256. oAA' eis TT)J/ oAa^ovct'av aTro^SAei/'avTes, orav <^ Bvav 
 Tt'ous /x.ev ec TWV ^cipwv TrpecrySevVas ee\eo-6ai TOV 
 a7roo~r^crat 8t 'Acapvava?, c/c7rX^at 8 r)(3aio 
 otcrai yap v/xas eis TCKTOVTOV evr/^cta? ^8r/ Trpo/3f(3Tr)Kevai, OKTTC 
 *cat ratTa dva7Ti(r^T;(rc(r^ai, uioTrep Iletflw roe^ovras, fLV\ ov 
 
 <rVKO<f>O.VTT)V OvOpdiTTOV fV TTJ 7ToA.l.
 
 40 AHMOSeENOTS 
 
 BYZANTION. 
 
 9 ["Em UpO|U.va/AOvo9 BooTropt^co Aa/xayvros (V TO. oAta 
 
 CK ras /3<oAas Aa/?wv prjrpav. 'ETmSr) 6 Saju.os 6 'AOrjvaiwv &> 
 T rots Trpoyeyeva/x.o'ois Katpots evvoeW StareAet BuavTtots Kai 
 rots o-Uju.;u.axois Kai o-uyyevrt Ilepiv^tois *cat TroAAas /cai //.eyu- 
 Xas XP et/a 5 Trapeo-^/rai, a/ re TO) TrapfarraKOTi. Kaipw 4>tXt7r7rw TW 
 MaKeSovos CTTKTTparevcravTos 7rt rav ^^pav KOL rav iroXiv ITT' 
 Bv^avnW Kai Ilepiv^i'ajv *cat rav -^pav 8atovTO<s KOL 
 S, fiorjurjcra.'; TrXoiois CKarov /cat et/cocri /cat <TI'T<I> 
 /cat fifXtwi /cat oTrXtrats c^etAero a/xe c/c TW^ ju.eyaAan' KtvSwwv 
 /cat d.7TOKaT(TTacr rai/ Trdrptov TroXtretar Kat TW9 I'oyu.ws /cat TO>S 
 
 9 1 rac^xjos, SeSo^^w TW ^dfjua TW Bv^avrtwi/ /cat Ileptv^iwv 'AOrfvaiois 
 86p.v CTTiyayu-tav, TroXtretav, ey/cracrtv yas /cat otKtav, TrpoeSptav i/ 
 rots dywcrt, Tro^oSov TTOTI rai/ /3(a\av Kat TOV Sa/^ov Trparois /ttra 
 TO. tcpa, Kat rots KarotKeti' c^eXovcrt rav TroXtv oAerroupy^Tois 
 Trao-ai' rav XctToupytai/ crrao-at 8e Kat ctKOt/as rpels eKKat- 
 cv T( J> BoorTropta), o-TCc/javou/xevov TOV Aa/iov TOV 'AOrj- 
 vatwv VTTO TW 8a/xw TO> Bv^avrtoov Kat Ilepiv^iwv * aTrocrrerXai 8e 
 Kai ^cwptas cs ras ev ra 'EXXaSt Trai/r/yuptas, "Io-0/ua Kat Ne/Aea 
 Kai 'OXujLtTrta Kat IIu$ia, Kat di'ttKapv^at TW? aTc/>aVws ws ecrT- 
 c^avo/rat 6 8a/xos 6 'AOrjvauov v<f> rjfJi:S)v, OTTW? eTrio^Tewi/Tat ot 
 "EXXaves TTavre? ' A&rjvaiwv aperav Kat rav Bu^avrtcuv Kat Ileptv- 
 
 92 Aeye Kat rovs Trapa roi^ > Xtppowjo-o) crre- 
 
 *H<i>l2MA XEPPONH2ITON. 
 
 i/ ot KarotKovvres ST^O-TOV "EAeowra MaSvroi/ 
 crrec^ai'oSo-ti' 'AOrjtKU&v rrjv (BovXyv Kai TOV 8^- 
 ai/o) aTTO TaAavTcov ef^KOvra, Kat Xaptros pu>fji.ov 
 topuovrai Kat A?yyu.ot> 'A.drjvaitav, pri Travrwv /xcytb-Tou ayaOwy
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 41 
 
 TrapaiVios yeyoye Xeppovrjo-iVuis, t^eA.d/x.ei'os * TT;? 4>iAt7nrov Kal 
 aTroSovs ras TrarpiSus, TOVS VO/AOHS, TT)V IXevOepiav, TO. Upa. 
 Kal iv Toi /ACTO. ravra auavt iravri OVK e'AAen/^et ev^apwrraii/ cat 
 o Tt av SiVr/rat dya^oi/. ravra f(j/rj<f)LcravTO ev rai 
 
 ov povov TO Xeppowrjaov Kal RvtfivTiov 93 
 o"aicrai, ovSe TO /auXvcrai TO^ c EXXT7cr7roi/Tov UTTO 
 ^tXiTTTrw yevecrftau. Tore, ouSe TO n^acrBai rrjv 
 irokiv K TOVTOJV r) TTpoaipecTLS r) efJir) KOI ?) TroXi- 
 aTo, dXXa /cat Tracrii> e$it;v av0a>- 
 
 T 
 
 KaKiav. /xei' ya/D crv/x/aa^o? ai/ TOt9 
 TroXtop/coj^ auTOv? ewpaTO virb Travraiv, 
 ov Tt yeVotT* av ato~^tov ^ fjuapatrepov ; v/xet? 8' 94 
 ot /cat /xe/xi/^a/xevot TroXXa /cat St/cata av e/cetvots 
 et/coTw? 7T/ot a)v ^yvw/xovTy/cecrav et? v/xa? ev Tot? 
 
 fJL7TpOO-0V ^OOVOt?, OU [LQVQV OV fJLVrjO-iKaKOVVTeS 
 
 ovoe Trpoiefjievoi TOU? dSt/cov/xeVov? dXXd /cat o"a>- 
 e^atvecr^e, e^ wv Sofav /cat evvoiav Trapa 
 KTao~0e. Kal fjirjv 6Vt jaev TroXXou? eo~T- 
 <f>ava>KaT rjSrj TMV TroXtTevo/aeVwv, aVavTes to-ao-f 
 St' ovnva 8' aXXov 17 TrdXt? 6crre^)dva>Tat, cru/x- 
 Xeyw /cat piqropa, ir\-r)v St' eyu,e', ovS* av 
 
 "Iva Totvuv /cat TOLS /SXao-^fttas, a? /caTa TO)V 95 
 Ev/8oe'a>v /cat TWV Bu^avTtwv CTrotifcraTo, et Tt Svcr- 
 avTot? eVcVpa/cTO 77^369 u/xa.9
 
 42 AHMO26ENOT2 
 
 , crvKO(f>a.vTLas oucra? eVtSet^co /AT) 
 
 ell/at, (TOVTO /xe> yap virdpyew v/xas etSd- 
 Ta? riyov^ai) dXXd /cat ra, et ra /xaXicrr' 
 OVTOJS a9 eyw /ce^p^/xat rol? 
 
 /ca$' v/xa,9 TreTrpay/xeVojv KaXuv TYJ udXet Ste^eX- 
 ^etz/, /cat ravr' ev /3pa^ecrLi' /cat yap aVSpa tSta 
 /cat TroXti' KOivr) Trpos ra /caXXtcrra roit' vTrap^ov- 
 96 TWV det Set TreLpacrOai TO. XotTra 7rpa.TTt.iv. v/xet? 
 Tolvvv, aVSpes 'A^iyvatot, Aa/ceSatyuo^ta;^ yrj? /cat 
 0aXdTTr)<$ dp^ovroiv /cat ra /cv/cXw T7^9 'Arrt/CTy? 
 KOLTe^ovTOiv dpjJLO(TTai<s /cat <f>povpai<s, EvySotav, 
 Tdvaypai 1 , TTJV BotwrtW aTracra^, Meyapa, Atyt- 
 vai', KXewva?, aXXa? ^crou?, ou t'au?, ou Tet^ 
 r^9 TrdXecu? rare /cr^cra/xei^?, e^X^ere et9 'AXtap- 
 /cat TroiXiv ov TroXXats ^/xepat? vcrrepov ct? 
 
 , TO>V rdre ' Adrjvaicov TroXX' a 
 /xv-^crt/ca/crjcrat /cat Kopu^t'ois /cat 
 Trept TCW Ae/ceXet/coi^ TioXe/xov Trpa^devTOiv dXX' 
 97 ov/c TTOiovv TOVTO, ovS' eyyv?. /catrot rdre ravra 
 d/x^)dre/oa, Atcr^tVr;, ov^* uTre/3 evepyeraii/ eVot'ow 
 ' d/ctVSv^a ewptuv. dXX' ov Sta ravra npoievTo 
 KaTo.(f)evyovTas e0' eaurov?, dXX' VTrep evSo- 
 /cat rt/xr^5 rjOekov rot? Set*>ots avrov? StSd^at, 
 S /cat /caXa)? fiovXevofJLtvoL. irepas ^.ev yap 
 a.v6p<i)TTOi < s ecrrt rov yStov 6dva.To<s, KO.V iv 
 ot/ctcr/cw rt? O.VTOV /ca^etp^a? ^p/} ' Set Se
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 43 
 
 dya$oi>9 avopas eyyeipeiv pkv airacrw del rot? 
 /caXots, rrjv ayaBrjv 7rpo/3aXXo/ieVovs e'XTTtSa, <f>e- 
 pLV 8' o rt a.v 6 #609 St8a> yewatoj?. ravr' eVot- 9 8 
 
 VjJLTpOl TTpCryOVOL, TOLV0' V/At5 Ot 7T/3eCT)8l>- 
 
 , ol Aa/ceSat/xovtov? ov </>tXov? wra? ovS' 
 , dXXd TroXXa r^v TroXtv r^L^v 1781/07^0- 
 ra? /cat /w-eydXa, eVetSi) ry/Satoi KpaTTJcravres iv 
 avcXtiv l-rre^eipnvv, Ste/ccoXutrare, ou 
 TT)v TOTC 0T7/3cuoi9 pcofjLrjv /cat Sd^ai/ 
 ovS' VTrep ola TreTroirjKOTtov avdpat- 
 KivBvvevcreTe StaXoytcra/ute^ot. /cat yct/3 rot 99 
 rrao-t rot? "EXXi^crti/ cSet^are e/c TOVTWV ort /ca,i> 
 ortoui' rt? et? v/ta? e^apdprr), TOVTMV rrjv opyrjv 
 ets raXXa e^ere, av S* V7re/3 (rwrr^^ta? 77 eXeu- 
 /ctfSuw? rt? aurov? /caraXa/A^dwy, oure 
 ou#' vTroXoytetcr^e. /cat ov/c evrt 
 fjiovov ovTOJ? ecr^/caTe, dXXa ir<i\iv a-(j>e- 
 
 aiojv rrjv Eu^ota^ ou 
 ovS' ai^ VTTO Oe/Atcrwi'O? /cat eoSwpou 
 TTOV rjOLKrj(r6e d^e/xvr^cr^Te, dXX' eySor^^crare /cat 
 rourot?, raiv e^eXovraif Tore Tpirjpdp^ajv Trpurov 
 yevo/ieVajv T^ TroXet, ai^ t? 17^ eycu. dXX' OVTTW 
 
 7T/3t TOUTOJt'. /Cttt KCtXbv fJiV TTOiTJa'aT KO.I TO 100 
 
 craicrat T^I/ i^crov, TroXXw 8' ert rourov /caXXtov 
 ro /caracrravTe? Kvpioi /cat rail/ crcu/xdrwi' /cat TCUI> 
 TroXeojf aTToSov^at raura 8t/cata>5 avrots rot? 6^77- 
 p.apTr)Koo~iv et? v/ota?, p-rjoev u>v ^St/ci^cr^e vvroXo-
 
 44 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 ^vpia. roivvv erepa enreiv \a>v Trapa- 
 XetVco, ^av/^a^ia?, e^oSovs Trends, (rrparetas /cat 
 TrdXat yeyovvtas /cat i>uv e'<' T^OW CLVTWV, ag aTrd- 
 o~as 17 vrdXt? T?7? ra)^ aXXwv 'EXXi^vcov eXev^e^tas 
 ioi /cat orojr^pta? TreTrot^rat. elr' eya> T00)pr)KO)<; 
 ev TcxrovTots /cai rotourot? r^r TroXt^ 
 rot? aXXot? crvfA<f>ep6i>Ta)v e^eXovcrav 
 cr0cu, vrrep avrr)<; rponov nva r^5 fiov\fjs ovcnjs 
 rt jji\\ov /ceXevcret^ ^ rt crvfJifiovXevcreiv avry 
 
 />) Ata TTyoo? rou? ;8ovXo- 
 t, /cat 7rpo^>acret5 tflTtiv St' a? 
 /cat rts ov/c av aTre/cret^e 
 
 /AC St/catcus, et rt TW^ virap^ovToiv rrf TrdXet /caXw^ 
 Xdyaj fJLovov KaTaicrxyveiv eTre^eiprjora ; eVet rd 
 ye tipyov OVK av eTrot^cra^' v/x,et5, d/cpt/3ai5 otS' 
 
 eyai et yap povAecre, rt 
 
 ov/c 
 
 v ot ravr' epovvres OVTOL ; 
 
 102 BovXo/xat Tolvvv eVai/eX^et^ e'<^)' a 
 
 eTToXtreud/x'^v /cat o"/co7rerre eV rovrot? ird\iv av, 
 rt TO T^ TrdXet ySeXrtorov ^v. 6yoaii> yap, ai a^Spe? 
 TO VOLVTIKOV vfJLtov KaTakvo^evov, /cat 
 /aev TrXovcrtov? aTeXet? aTro /u/cpaii' d^aXw- 
 yty^o/xeVov?, TOLI? Se jaeVpta ^ /xt/cpa /ce- 
 /CT7/zeVou9 TWV TroXtTwv aTToXXuovTa?, ert 8' ucrre- 
 pitpvcrav e/c TOVTOJ^ TT)I> vrdXtt' TUJV Kcupwv, eOrjKa 
 * ov fjiev TO, St/cata Trotetv rjvdyKacra 
 TrXoucrtou?, TOU? Se TreVTa? eTravcr' dSt/cou-
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 45 
 
 , rfj 77oXet 8' oTrep rjv ^p^crt/iwrarov, eV 
 ylyvea-9a(. rets Tra/aacr/ceva? eVotTjo-a. /cat 103 
 
 ywi'a rouro^ ets v/x,a? eicrfi\0ov /cat 
 /cat ro xeos raiv \i<utv 6 
 
 OVK ayei/. /catrot Trocra ^pyLtara rot? 
 vas T(av (rufjifji.opia>v fj row? Seurepov? /cat r^otrov? 
 OLecrOe pot. StSwat, tSorTe /ActXtcTTa /xev /A^ delvai 
 TOV vopov TOVTOV, et Se /xi 1 ^, KaTa.^(i\\ovTa eav ei/ 
 ta ; rotravr', c5 d^Spes 'Aflrjvaloi, ocra 
 OLV 77/305 u/Ao,? etTTCt^. /cat ravr' et/co- 104 
 
 ro>s eTrpcLTTov e/cetvot. v yap avro? e/c 
 Trporepajv vofMuv crwe/c/catSe/ca Xetroupyetz', aurot? 
 ev [JiLKpa /cat ouSev d^aXtV /covert, rou? 8' 0,770- 
 roiiv 77oXtr&>i/ eVtr/ot/Souo-ti/, e/c Se rov e/xov 
 TO yiyvopevov /cara r^ overtax e/cacrroi/ 
 t, /cat Suotv <f>dwj rpiTqpa.p^p<; 6 Trjs /ata? 
 e/cro5 /cat Se'/caros irporepov crvvTeXijs ovSe ya/3 
 rpnjpdpxovs Irt aivo^atjov eavrou?, dXXa crw- 
 reXet?. wcrrc ST) ravra XvOrjvai /cat /A^ ra St/cata 
 rroieiv avayKacrOrfvai, OVK ecrd* o rt ou/c eSt'Soo"a^. 
 Kat jaot Xeye irpwrov p.ev TO i//i7<^tcr/xa /ca^' o 105 
 eicrrjXOov Tr)v ypaL^^v, etra rov? /caraXoyous, rdi/ 
 r' e/c roi) TrpoTepov v6fj,ov /cat TO/ /caret roi> e'/xdv. 
 Xeye. 
 
 ap^ovros IToXuKXcow, fj.-rjvo<; (3or]8pofjiL(i)Vo^
 
 46 
 
 Ilatavievs eunyvey/ce voyuov cis TO Tptrjpap^iKOv avrl TOV 
 irpoTCpov, K.a.9 ov cu a~vvTf.\.f.iai rjcrav TOJV Tpnr)pdpxu>v Kal 
 rj (3ovXr) Kal 6 &//AOS * /cat airrjveyKc Trapa- 
 ei Ha.TpoK\r)<; &X.v(v<;, KOL TO /xepos raiv 
 ov Aa/3o>v aTreTto-e Tas TrtvTaKoo-tas 
 
 106 4>epe 8^ /cat TOV /caXov /caraXoyov. 
 
 KATAAOrO^. 
 
 [Toi/s TpLrjpdpxaw; KaXcio-^at CTTI T^/V rpirjpt) o-we/CKcao'eKa c*c 
 TWV i/ TOIS Ao^ots o-uvTeAetwv, aTTO eiKocrt Kai TTC'VTC CTOJV is 
 7rt 
 
 ST) irapa TOVTOV TOV e/c TOV e/xov VOJJLOV 
 KCLTaXoyov. 
 
 KATAAOrOS. 
 
 [Tovs Tpirjpdp^ov 1 ; aiptLcrOai CTTI TTyr Tpnfjprj O.TTO T^S ovo"ias 
 Kara TLfj.r)(rtv, airo TaAavTcov Sexa eav Se TrAcidvwi/ 17 ova-La 
 aTroreTLfjirj/jLfvr) rj xprjfjidTwv, Kara TOV avaAoyw/jtov ea)$ rpuiiv 
 TrAotW Kat VTrrjpeTiKov rj Xtirovpyia IO-TW. KaTa T^V avrrjv B( 
 dvaAoyiai/ TTO) KCU ot? eAaTTcov ovcria- eori TWV 8e/<a TaAavTcuv, 
 tts o-WTt'Aeiav o-wayoyu,eVot? et? Ta 8e/ca raAavTa.] 
 
 107 *Apa fjiLKpa /3orj0fjcra.i rot? TrevY)o~LV v^v OOKW, 
 ^ fjiLKpa dvaXo)crai av TOV ^ TO. St/cata TTOLELV 
 
 e&\6LV OL TT\OVO~LOL / OV TOLVVV fJLOVOV TO) fJLr) 
 
 Ka0v(j>eLva.L ravra (refjivvvo/JiaL, ovSe TO) ypa^el? 
 diro<f)evyeLv, dXXa /cat ra> crv/jL(f)epovTa Belvai TOV 
 /cat TO) irelpav epy&) SeSw/ceVat. TrdVra 
 TO>V
 
 IIEPI TOT STEOANOT. 47 
 
 /caret TOV vo^ov TOV epov ov^ 
 rpnjpapxos ovSet? TTWTTOT dSt/cov/xevos Trap' v/x>, 
 ov/c ev Movvv^ia eKo.6f.tf.To, ov% VTTO ratv GtTrocrro- 
 \eo>v e$e0r), ov rpLTJprjs OVT e<t) Kara\ei^>9el(Ta. 
 a.7ra)\To rf) TroXet, ovr' CLVTOV ctTreXet^)^ ou Swa- 
 
 clmyeo-^at. /catrot Kara rous Trporepovs 108 
 
 OLTravra ravra. eytyi^ero. TO 8' atTtov, eV 
 TO!? TreVrycrtv ^v TO XetToupyeti' TroXXd S^ Ta 
 crvveftaivev. lyaj 8' e/c Taiv aTropcov et? 
 evnopovs jjieTT/jveyKa TO,? Tpir)pap^i,a<? TTOLVT' 
 ovv TO, Se'o^Ta eylyvero. /cat ^17^ /cat /caT* avTo 
 TOUTO ato? t/xt CTTCLLVOV rv^elv, 6Vt iravra TO, 
 TotavTa Trporjpovfjirjv TToXtTeu/xaTa, a</>' ajj^ a/x,a 
 So^at /cat Tt/xat /cat Swd/xet? crvvefiaivov rfj TTO- 
 Xet, j3d<TKavov Se /cat iriKpov /cat /ca/coiy^e? ovSeV 
 eo~Tt TroXtTeiyxa e/xov, ouSe TaTretvo^, ouSe TiJ? TTO- 
 Xew? avd^Lov. TO.VTO roivvv rj0o<; e^o)v ev re 109 
 Tot? /caTa Tr)f TroXti/ TroXtTevjuacrt Kat eV Tot? 
 EXXi^vt/cot? (^>af^cro/xat ouTe yctyo e^ Try TroXet 
 TO,? Trapa ra>v 7rXovo~ta>z> ^dyotTa? /xaXXot* 17 TO, T<WI> 
 TToXXwp' St/cata eiXofjLrjv, OVT' ev TO?? 'EXX^i/t/coT? 
 TO, <&tXt7nrov Sayja /cat T^ eviav rfydnrjcra dvrl 
 
 TtoV KOLVrj TTCtCTt TOt? "EXX^CTt O-VfJi<j)6p6vT(Ol'. 
 
 Hyov/^at roivvv \onrov elvai /xot Trept TOV /cry- no 
 pvyfjiaTos etTretv /cat TWV evBvvwv TO yap a>? TO, 
 dpiarra. re eirpaTrov /cat Sta, TravTos ewov? et/w,t 
 /cat TTpoOvfjios ev Troieiv v/ict? t/ca^w? e/c
 
 48 AHMOSeENOTS 
 
 SeS^Xoicr^ai /xot vojaiaj. /catroi ra 
 crra ye TO>J> vreTroXtrev/xeVoj^ /cat 
 e/xavrw TrapaXetTTO), vTroXa/x/SaVaji' irp^rov fj.ev 
 (f>rjs rev? Trepi avrov rov Trapavofjiov Xoyous 
 a.7roSov^at /ae Sea/, etra, /cai' /x^Sei/ CITTW Trept 
 
 TOJ*' XotTTOJt' TToXlTCVfJidTCDl', O/XOtOJ? TTttyO* VfJ.O)V 
 
 6*cao"TOj TO crvvetSo? virdp^eLv /aot. 
 in Twv ftei^ ow Xoya>v, ov? ovro? a^eu /cat /carw 
 eXeye Trept rai^ Tiapayey/aa/x/xeVwv vo- 
 ovre /xa TOU? 6eov<s ol^ai v/xas [Jia.v6a.veiv 
 OVT avros r)$vvdfjLr]v crvvelvaL rou? iroXXov? 
 Se TT)^ opOrjv irepi TMV St/catwv StaXe- 
 TOCTOVTOV yap Sew \eyeiv a)<j ov/c et/xl 
 ovros SteySaXXe /cat 
 
 13. Ae'ov(Ti 8e, ai 'A.6rjvcuoL, KOL erepov \6yov VTrevavriov T(3 
 lpf]fj.ev(a, o>s a/sa, ocra ns aiptros wi/ Trparrei Kara i^- 
 <f>L(TfJia, OVK ecrri ravra o.px^t ciAA cTri/AeAcia Ti9 xai 8ia/coviu 
 dp^as 8c (f)r)(rov(TLv e/cetVas eTvai, as 01 ^etr/AO^eVai aTro/cX^povcrtv 
 ev T<3 r]creitp, KctKctvas, as 6 8^/u.os eiw^e ^etporovav ev ap^at- 
 pecrtais, (rTpa.rrjyov<i /cat iTTTrdp^ovs /cat ras /Atra TOVTCOV ap^as, 
 ras 8' aAXas ravras Trpay/xaretas TrpotrTtTay/iei'a? Kara i/^?;- 
 <f>L(Tfj.a. 14. eyw SeTrpos TOVS Aoyovs TOVS TOVTWV vop.ov v/xe- 
 Tfpov Trape^'o/xai, ov v/Aeis Ivo/j-oOerrjcrarf Xwroy rjyovfjitvoi ras 
 Toiavras Trpo^acrets, ev <5 StappijSrjv ycypaTrrat, "ra9 \eiporovr]- 
 ras " <j>rj<Ttv " ap^as " aTrdcra? evt TrepiXafBiav ov6p.am, 6 
 T^S, xat TTpocrtnrtov dp^a.9 dTrdfra? cTvai as o 817/105 
 " Kai TOVS tTTMTTaTas " <f>r}crl " TQJV 8r)fJiOfri(j)v cpycav " 
 6 A^/AOcr^evT^s ret^oTrotos, eTrio'TaTT^s TOU fj-f-ytcrTov TU>V Ipyaiv 
 " /cai Trdvras, oo~ot Sta^ctpt^oDO't TI raiv T^S TroAcws TrAeov 17 rpid- 
 ' ^/Ltcpas, Kat ocroi \afjt.ftdvovanv i^yetiovias 8i/ca(TT7;ptW."
 
 I1EPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 49 
 
 wcrB* (Liravra, rov fiiov virevOvvos etfat o/xoXoyw 
 )v f) Sta/ce^ei/oiKa ^ TreTroXtrev/zat irap vfjuv. 
 atv fjievroi ye e/c T^S tSta<? oucrta? evrayyetXa/xevo? 112 
 Se'Sw/ca Tw Si7/ia>, ouSe/u,ta*> r)fjiepa.v vnevOvvos 
 elvai (frrjfjii (d/covet? AlCf^unj ;) ovS' aXXoi/ qvSeVa, 
 otS' av raiv e^^e'a ap^ovTojv rt? av ru^. rt? 
 yap ecrrt vo/xo? TOfravr^? dSt/cta? /cat fMLcravOpa)- 
 
 TTttt? /X6CTTO5, O)(TT TOI/ So^Ttt Tt TWI^ tStCUI/ Kttl 
 
 IT pay pa. fyikdvd ptoirov /cat 
 yapiros {Lev anoa-TepeiV, et? roi5 
 Se ayetv, /cat rovrou? eVt ra? evBvvas QJV 
 e'<^tcrrcivat ; ouSe efs. et Se ^crtv ovros, 
 /cdyw crrep^ai /cat (rtwTn^cro/Ltat. dXX' ov/c ecrrtv, 113 
 
 , dXX' ouro? <TVKO<f>avTa>v, ort eVt 
 Tore &v eVe'S&>/ca ra ^p 
 
 vecrev O.VTOV" (frrjcriv, " vwevOvvov OVTO." ov 
 TOVTMV ye ouSe^os, wv vnevOvvos r\v, dXX' e<* of? 
 
 17. IIpo? 8c ST) TOV a<f>VKTOv Aoyov, ov ^crt Ar;/xocr^K>;s, 
 /Jpa^e'a pov\op.ai Trpofnrfiv. Aefei yap OVTOS, " TCI^OTTOIOS 
 ciytxi 6/xoA.oycu aAA' eTTiSe'StoKa TTJ TroAet /xvas eKarov KCU TO 
 epyov /jtei^ov c^ipyao-ju,at. TiVos ow ci/xi VTTCV^UVOS, ci /XT; TIS 
 eo"Ttv et'voias fvvvvY) ; " IIpos Sry ravrryv TTJV Trpo</>ao"iv dcoi;o"aTe 
 //.on Xeyovros *ut 8t/caia <at v/iiv crvfji<f>fpovTa. 'Ev yap ravrry T^ 
 TroXei OVTO>? dp^ata ovo-r; cai -rrjXiKavTrj TO peyeOos ovSei's COTIV 
 
 aWTTCV^WOS TO)V Kttt OTTOKTOVV TTpOS Ttt KOlVflt TrpOCreATyXv^OTCJV. 
 
 23. Orav Toiwv /iaXwrra 6pao-vvrjrai Ar)[jLO<rOevTr)<; Ae'ywv, ws 
 oia TTyv firi6o<riv OVK COTIV VTTCV^WOS, c/ceivo avr<5 v7ro/3aAAT 
 ov/c ow XP Y 3 V " > *" A?;p,oo-^cvs, cuo-at TOV TWV Aoyto-roiv 
 TO TraTpiov KUI cwo/iov xrypvy/xa TOVTO, TI'S
 
 50 AHMOSeENOTS 
 
 eVe'Sw/ca, a> <TVKO<j>dvTa. dXXa /cat 
 
 /cat Std ye rovro 6p0a)S Trr)vovfj.r)i>, on 
 eSw/ca /cat ov/c eXoyt^o/xTp. 6 /xe> 
 yap Xoytoyxcx? tvBvvwv /cat rail' e^eracro^rajv 
 TrpoerSetrat, 17 Se Scoped ^aptro? /cat eVatVou 
 8t/cata ecrrt rvy^aveiv Stovrep ravr' eypafyev 
 114 oot Trept e/xov. ort o* ovrto ravra ov povov iv 
 rot? vo/xots dXXa /cat eV rot? v/xerepot? 
 a>piO-Tcu, 
 
 yap Nav<rt/cX^g o-rpar^ywv, e^>' of? - 
 
 Trpoetro, TroXXa/cts ec 
 
 el0 y ore ra? dcrTTtSa? Atort/xo? eSw/ce /cat 
 Xapto^yao?, (TT(j>avovvTO et^' ovrocrt Neo7TT(>- 
 Xe/xo? TroXXai^ tpyaiv eVtcrrarry? a>v, e<^>' of? eVe- 
 ow/ce, rert/x^rat. cr^eVXtov yap av 177 TOVTO 
 ye, et r&> rti>a apxf)v ap^ovn rj StSo^at rrj TTO- 
 Xet ra eaurov 8ta r^ ap^v pr) e^eVrat, 17 
 SoOevTcov d^Tt row /co/xtcracr$at 
 "5 v(j)^L. "Ort roivvv TOLVT aXrjBrj Xeyw, Xe'ye ret 
 /xot ra rourot? yeye^/xeVa aura 
 (t)v. Xeye. 
 
 KaT^yopeiv; eacroi' d/A^>io-^T^o-at croi TOV (3ovX6p.evov 
 
 T<t)V TToXtTCuV, <I)S OVK CTTeSwKtt?, oAA' aTTO TToXXtOV WV t\flS IS 
 T^/V TWV Tft^Wl/ OlKO&O[J.LaV fJiLKpa KO.Tf@r]Ka.<S, SfKO. TaAaVTO. 1? 
 
 ravra c r^s TroAew? fl\r)(f)u)<i. fJ 
 
 TU>V SiKaoraiv ras \j/r/<f>ov<; e/c 
 
 Tuiv vo/xwv, dAA' vo-repo? TroAirevou. ravra yap opOol TTJ 
 8rjfj.oKpaTia.v."
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 51 
 
 VS, /JoT/SpO/llWVOS tKTTf fJifT tlKa'So, 
 
 ay*?; /2ovAi}s KOI dr)p,ov, KaAAias ^>peappio5 CITTCI/ on SoKfi TT} 
 i$ovX.rj Kal TW 8rjfjua crT<^avawrai Navo-ixAea TOV eVi TWV 
 ort ' AOrjvdiwv OTT\LT>V Sur^iA.iwi' OVTWV i/ *I/x^8pa) /cat 
 Ttav TOIS KaroiKovo-ii' ' A.6r)vaiuv rryi/ K^O-OI/, ou oVra/Ac'vou 
 
 VOS TOV 7Tl T^S SlOtKT^Crew? Kf\eipOTOVTJfJ.tVOV Sia TOl>9 
 
 TrAevo-at Kai /Aio-^oSor^o-at TOUS oTrAiras, c*c r^s iSia 
 
 t8wc KUI OVK eureVpa^e TOI/ &t)p.ov, /cat tlvayopewrai TOV O"T- 
 
 <j>avov Atowo-i'ois TpaywSots 
 
 ETEPON 
 
 [EiTre KaAAias 4>peuppto?, Trpv-Tavewi/ AeydvTtuv )3ovA^s yvai- 116 
 p.?^, eTreiSr/ Xapt^/nos o erri TOIV oTrAtruiv, a7roo~raAeis cis 2aAa- 
 p.iva, Ko.1 Aum/xo? 6 CTTI TOJV ITTTTCWV, cv T^ CTTI TOV Trora/xov 
 
 /^"X?? T ^ K OTpaTWOTaiv TtVWV V7TO TWV TToAt/AlW O-/CvAfV^VT(OV, 
 
 TWV iSi'wv dvaAw/^aTwv Ka^cuTrAio'av TOV? vcavur/covs a.o~:rw7tv 
 o/cTa/<oo-t'at5, 8e8o^^ai T^ ftovXy Kal TW ST^JLWJ) o~r<^ava>o-ai Xapt- 
 &rjfjiov Kai AIOTI/AOV ^pvo-<2 o-Te^avw, <cat dvayopcwrai Ilava- 
 6r)vaioi<i TOIS /xcyaAots ev TW yv/xvi/cai aywvi cat Aiowo-toi? Tpa- 
 
 irpvTaveis, 
 
 e/cacrT09, 
 
 vTrevOwos r^v, e<' of? S' ecrre^at'ouTo, 
 vvos. OVKOVV ovS' eyw raura yap St- 
 ecrrt /U.CH Trepl TWI^ avratv rol? aXXot? 
 eVe'8w/ca ; enaivovfjiaa Sia raura, ou/c ait* 
 
 ye v- 
 &K&WOV, ou wv eVeSwKa. 1^ At", dXX'
 
 52 AHMO20ENOTS 
 
 ; era Trapaiv, ore /x,e eo'r'yov o 
 Aoyto~Tcu, ov /car^yo^et? ; 
 118 ""iz^a roivvv tS^re 6V i avro? OVTO<? /aot 
 e<fi of? ov^ V7rev0vvos r\v IcrTe^avoHrO 
 
 rb \\tri (f>Lcr /xa oXoi' TO ypatfiev (JLOL. 019 
 ov/c eypd^aro TOV 7rpo/3ovXeu/Aaro5, rovrot?, 
 
 . Xeye. 
 
 I ap^ovros Ev^u/cXe'ovs, Trvavei^iuivos Ivdrr) a7ridvTOs, 
 
 'Ava- 
 
 at irpoorava- 
 
 Aai(ra5 eis ra tpya d.7ro r^s iSt'a? oucrias rpiia raXavra cTreSaj/ce 
 ravrtt T(S Siy/tw, KUI CTTI TOV OtwpiKov Karacrra^cis eTreSw/cc rots 
 tK Tracrwv T<3v ^>uAwv ^ewpiKois tKarov fivas Ovcria<;, Sf^o^Bat 
 rrj @ov\f) Kal T<3 S^/xo) TO) ' AOrjvaiwv eTratve'crai 
 
 ITatai/ia dper^? ei/exa xat KaAo/caya$i'as 
 ev Travri Katpw eis TW 8i}/xov TOV ABrjvaiwv, KOL crTC^a- 
 wo-<3 OTt^avo), /cat dvayopevo-at TOV (TTe'^avov cv TW 
 Qca.Tpu> AiovDO-iois TpuywSots xaivois ' TT^S 8e avayopewrews 
 
 119 OVKOVV a />te^ eneSfOKa, TO.VT ecrriv, wi^ ov$ev 
 <TV yeypa^iaL a 8e ^CTLP rj fiov\r) Sett* d^rt 
 yevccrOai JJLOL, TOLVT ecrO* a Stw/cet?. TO 
 ovv TO, StSd/xe^a ofjioXoyatv evvofjiov elvai, 
 TO ^apiv TOVTWV dTroSoOt'at 7rapav6fJLa)i> ypdffty. 
 6 Se na/JiTrovrjpo^ avOpanros Kal ^eoT? ^0pb<? /cat
 
 IIEPI TOT TE4>ANOT. 53 
 
 T19 O.V LT 
 6 TOIOVTO? ; 
 
 Kat fJLrjv iTf.pl TOV y tv rw Oedrpo) KrjpvTre- 120 
 cr#at, ro fjiev fivpia.Ki.s [jLvpiovs KeK-^pv^Ban irapa.- 
 /ecu TO rroXAa/ag avros ecrre^ai'aicr^at 
 
 32. 'Os TOt'vw Kai TT/V avdppr)<ri.v TOU crT</>acou 
 
 iv T<3 i/ay^tV/iAaTi KcAcvei ytyvetr^ai, xai TOU^' vftas 
 6 yap vo/xos &iapprj8r)v xeAeuct, eav ftev riva o-Te^>avot ^ 
 ev T(S /3ov\eirrr)pi<i> avaKrjpvTTfo-Qai, lav 8e 6 S^/AOS, ev T 
 o-ta, aAAo^t 8e fjLrj8a/j.ov. /cat /xoi Xcyc TOV vop,ov. 
 
 NOM02. 
 
 33. OUTOS 6 vo/xos, w "A^Tjvaiot, /cat p.a\a /caAws xet. ov 
 yap, oi/u-ai, wero 8eti/ 6 vo/Ao^cVrys TOV prjropa cre/AVwecr^ai Trpos 
 TOVS Z^tadev, dAA.' ayavrav ev aurj) T^ TroAct TI/AW/XCVOV VTTO TOU 
 8-fjfj.ov /cat /AT) epyoAa^Seti' v rots Kr)pvyfj.a(nv. o fj.ev ovv VO/AO- 
 
 6 8e KTT/(rtc^)aiv TTWS ; dvaytyvaxT/cc TO \jr^<f>LcrfJia. 
 
 34. 'A/couT, a 'A^i/atoi, 6Vt 6 /*ev vo/j,o0Trj^ /ceevet ev 
 Sr;/x(j) ev Ilu/cvt TT) fKK\r)(rta dva/crypuTTCtv TOV wro TOT) 8r;;u,ou trre- 
 <^avov/icvov, aAAo^t 8e fj,r)8afjiov, K.rr)crL<fx5v 8c cv TW Oedrpti), ov 
 TOV? VO/AOVS /xovov U7rep/3as, aAAa /cat TOV TOTTOV /ACTevey/caiv, ov8e 
 K/cAr;o-ta^ovTa)V 'A^vatcov, a\Aa TpaywSwv dywvt^o/AeVwv /catvaiv, 
 r>u8 ' ei/avTiov TOV 8r//Aov, dAA* evavTtov TUV 'E AAr/vwv, tv* r;/x,tv <rw- 
 i8too-tv, otov avSpa Tiju,(S/xev. 35. OUTW TOtWv 7rpie/>avws Trapa- 
 vo/u,a yeypac/Kos, TrapaTa^^et? /u,6Ta Ayp-ocrOfvovs liroLO-ei Te'^vas 
 TOIS vo/iois as eyw SryAcixrw Kat Trpocpai u/Atv, tva /U,T^ XdOrfre e^a- 
 TrarrjOcvTf^. OVTOI yap, ws ftev ov/c aTrayopcvovo-tv ot VO/JLOL TOV 
 I/TTO TOU Srjfjiov (TT(.<f)avovfjifvov p.~r) KrjpvTTfiv e^a) T}S lKK\.rj(rias, 
 v\ Ioi>o~i Acyctv, oto"ouo"t 8e ets TT)V aTroAoyt'av TOV Atovuo"ta/cov 
 vo/xov, *ai ^pryo-ovTat TOV vd/u-ov // e'pct Ttvt (cAeTrrovres TT^V d/cpdacriv
 
 54 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 repov. dXXa Trpbs Bewv OVTGD CTKCUOS el /cat 
 dvaicr0r)Tos, Aitr^tViy, OJCTT' ou SUVCUTCU Xoyura- 
 on ra> /aei> <TT<awu/AeVa> TOI^ avrov e^ei 
 6 crre^avo?, OTTOV a.*> avapprjBrj, TOV Se 
 rail' (Tr^)a.vovvr<t)V eVe/ca o~vfj.<f>epoi'To<; cv TW 
 
 v, 36. /cat Trape^ovrat vo/xov oiSev Trpocr^/covTa r^Sc TT) 
 Kat Ae^ovo-tK ws io~i TT) TroAet 8uo VO/AOI Kei/Acvoi Trcpl 
 TWV K^piry/xaTwv, as /xei/ ov vw eyw Trape^o/xat 8iappyjBt]v aira- 
 yopevovra TOV VTTU TOV OTJ^OV (TTC^avou/Avov /x^ Kr]pvTTfo-6ai 
 ^w TTJS eKK\rjo~La<;, eTepov 8' ctvai. v6fj.ov </>^croi;crtv evavrt'ov 
 TCVTW, TOV 8e8a)KOTa fovo~iav iroieicr^at T^V avapprjarw TOV <TTC- 
 <f>dvov Tpaywools ev TW ^ecxr/ow, cuv i^T/^tcr^Tai 6 S^/AOS ' Kara 
 or) TOVTOV TOI/ VO/JLOV ^rycrovcrt yeypac^erai TOV Kr//crt<^)(iili/Ta. 
 40. Et TOIVW, w 'AOyvaloi, a.\r)6rj<; rjv o Trapa TOVTWV Xoyo? 
 Kai ^o"av Suo Ket/xcvot vofjioi Trcpl TWV KrjpvyfJLaTwv, e dvayK^s, 
 oT/x,ai, TOOK ftev Ofo~fJio6fT<jjv e^eupovTcov, TWV Se Trpvrdi'twv O.TTO- 
 SOVTWV Tot9 j/oytAo^eVais av^prjT uv o CTC^OS TOW vo/xwv, ryrot 6 
 r^v loWTUU> SeSw/fws dvctTrciv ^ 6 uTrayoptvwv OTTOTC 8e fJLfjotv 
 TOVTWV yeyer^Tat, t^avepw; 8r^ TTOV c^eAey^ovTat ou /J.OVQV if/evoij 
 AeyovTes, dAAa Kai TravTcAais d8uvaTa y(vfo~0a.i. 44. SiwSwv 
 
 87^ Tl? TttVTtt VO/Z.O$T7? TL@r)(Tl VOfAOV OVOfV fTTlKOlVWVOVVTa TO) 
 
 Trepi TWV VTTO ToS 8r^u.ou o~T(()>avovfjLfV(i)v VO/AW, OUTC Avo~as e/cet- 
 vov (ou8e yap 17 fctcXijoia r)va)^AerTO, dAAa TO 6eu.Tpov), ovr 
 cvavTiov Tots TrpoTfpov Kiyu.vois vo/tois Tt^fi's (ov yap I^eo-Tiv), 
 dAAa Trepi TWV dvew i//r;^)6o-/AaTOS vfJ-fTepov CTTe</avov/xeVwv VTTO 
 aii' Kat 8r)/j.oT(uv Kai Trepi TWI/ TOUS oi/ceVas aTrcAev^e- 
 /cai Trepi TO>V ^CVIKWI/ o-Tt^dvwv, Kai OLapprjorjv aTrayo- 
 peuei /A/T' OIKC'T^V a7reAeu#epow ev TU> ^eaTpw /ATy^' VTTO TWV 
 
 aAAou, (f>rjo-i, /A^Sevo?, 17 OLTI/XOV eivai TOV KrjpvKa. 45. 
 ovv uTro8fLt:r) TOIS /Atv VTTO T^S /3ovXfj<s o-Tee^avou/Ae'vois fi? TO 
 f$ov\tvTripiov avappr)6rjva.L, TOIS 8' VTTO ToS orj/jiov a-TC<f)avov- 
 cis T^/V eKKAr^o-iav, TOIS 8' VTTO TWV 8r//xoT(!5v o
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 55 
 
 0ea.Tpa> yiyverat TO KTJpirypa; ol yap a.KOV(ravTe<s 
 
 ei<s TO iroieiv ev TTJV irokiv 
 l roug aTroStSwra? TYJV ^dpiv paXXov eT 
 
 TOU crre^CU/OV/AeVoV ' StOTTCp TOV VO^OV TOVTOV "f) 
 
 TroXis yeypa</>>. Ae'ye 8' avrov /xot TOI/ 
 
 NOMO2. 
 
 ["Oo-ou? orc^avoMTi rives Ttiiv Sr/fiwv, ras dvayopevortts Tail/ 
 rrre^avwi/ Troiettr^ai ev aurois eKaorovs TOIS idiots 8r//xois, eav 
 /u,?J rivas 6 S^/AOS 6 TWI' 'A^r/vaicov ry -^ pov\rj (TT^>avot TOT;- 
 TOVS 8' e^etvat ev rai Ofdrpta AtoKvcriots avayopev'e<r#ai.] 
 
 'A/couetg, Aicr^tVr;, roi) vopov Xeyofros cra^ai?, 121 
 ?rX>)f eai/ Ttvas 6 S^/xo? ^ 17 fiovX.r) 
 TOUTOV? 8e dvayopeverw. rt oui/, a) 
 cru/co<ai'Tei9 ; Tt Xdyov? TrXarrct? ; rt 
 ov/c eXXcySot^etg CTTI rovrot? ; dXX' ovS' 
 
 aTrcnrr] /JLTTJ KypvTTtcr@a.i TOI? TpayajSots, ii/a 
 fj.r)8el<; cpavi^wi/ orcc^avovs Kat Krjpvyp-ara i/'evS^ <^>tXoTi//.iav 
 /crarai, irpoo-aTretTrr; 8 eV rai VO/AU) ft>?8' VTTO aAXov 
 dva/C7;puTTo-^ai aTroucR/s )8ovA.^s Kat ST^/AOI; /cat 
 8rjfj.orwv, orav 8c rts raura a.(f>e\.rj, rt TO KaraXetTro/Aevdi/ COTI 
 01 ^evtot o-T^>avot ; 48. 'ETretSav rotWr e 
 Xeyaxriv, ws Trpoo^yeypaTTTat cv T<3 voyna) e^ttvat 
 eav \lrr)<f>i<Tr}Tai 6 8^/u.o5, a7ro/xvr;/u,ovuTe aurots w 
 i-at, ct ye o" TI? aAXiy ?roXts orc^avoT' ct Se 6 8^/105 6 ' 
 vatwv, aTroScSeiKTott o~ot TOTTO?, OTTOU 8ct TOUTO yeveo'^ai, 
 prfra.i a 01 tf w T^S cK/cA^o-ias /x^ KrjpvTTfcrvai. TO yap " aXAop 
 8e fjir)8a.[Jiov " o rt rriv, oAryv T^V rjfifpav Xeyc ou yap a.7ro-
 
 56 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 <j>06vov BLKTJV etcrayetv, ov/c aSt/cry/xaro? 
 Kal vopovs p,eTaTTOLa)i>, ruv S' afyanpftiv p-epr), ov? 
 oXovs St/catov 7)^ a.vayuyv(i)crK.<T6aii rot? ye 6/u,ou- 
 122 jjLOKocri Kara rou? VOJJLOVS i//i7<tetcr#at. eVetTa 
 Totavra, TTOIMV Xeyet? a Set Trpocretvat TGJ S^ort- 
 K6>, axrirep OLV&pidvTa efcSeScu/cws Kara a~vyypa- 
 (j>tjv, etr' OVAC c^ovra a irpoa-riKev e/c r>J? cruyypa- 
 
 168. Nai, dAAa 8r)/j,oriKOs icrnv. lav fjitv roiVw Trpos rr/v 
 u^>7//Aiav TWV Aoywi/ avTov aTTO/SXeTTT/Te, e^aTraTTj^^o-ecr^e, 
 Kat Trporepov, av 8 ts TT^V <^>vcriv Kai T^V dA^euxv, OVK 
 rr)6r)(re(r6f. CKCIVCOS 8e aTroAa/Jere Trap' auroi) TOV Xoyoi'. 
 /xev /te^' v/bta>v A.oytoi)/xat, a Set VTrap^at ev rg <u<rei rai 
 
 TIKW CtvSpl KCU (7(t)(f>pOVt, KO.I TToXlV aVTlOyCTto, TTOLOV TWO. 
 
 ecrrtv etvut TOI/ oXtyap^iKov avOpwirov Kat ^>ai)Xov tyxcts 8 ' dvrt- 
 $evTes eKarepa TOUTOJV Ouapyo-aT avrov, prj otrorepov TOV Xoyov, 
 dXX' oTrorepou TOU jStou ecrrtV. 169. o?yu.at TOIWV avravras av O/AO- 
 Xoyryo-etv v/xa? ra8e 8etv VTrap^at T<3 S^/XOTI/CW, Trpwrov /xev eXev- 
 Oepov avrov etvat icai Trpos Trarpos Kai Trpos ft^rpos, iva yu,i) 8ta rr/i' 
 Trept TO yeVos drv^tav 8uo-/iev^s g TOIS vo/xois, ot o-w^oucrt r^v 8?;- 
 ftOKpartav, Seurcpov 8' a.Tro TWV TrpoyoVan/ euepyco-i'av Ttva airw 
 Trpos TOV SrJ/Aov vTrap^civ, 17 TO y' dvay/catoTaTov /A^Se 
 tva /AT) fiorjOfav TOIS TOJV Trpoyovwv aTV 
 TTOieti/ TT)V TroXtv. 1 70. TptVov <T<i><f>pova /cat /MCTptov ^pr) 7re<^v- 
 Kevat avrov Trpos TT)V Ka^' i^/Aepav 8tatTav, OTTWS /u.^ 8ta TT)V 
 eure'Xyeiav TT}S SaTrai^s SwpoSoKTj KaTa TOT) 8^/x.ov, Tfraprov fi- 
 yvoj/Aova Kai 8vvaTOv etTretv KaXov yap TTJI/ /xev 8tavotav Trpoat- 
 peto-$ai TO. ySe'XTto-Ta, TT)V 8e TratSetav TTJV TOV prjropo<; Kat TOV 
 Xoyov TTt^etv TOI^S aKovovras ' ft 8e /AT;, TT^V y 
 del TrpoTaKTe'ov TOV Xoyou. Tre/ATrrov dvSpetov e'vat 
 tva /t^ Trapa Ta Setva Kat TOWS TroXe/xovs eyKaraXfiTry TOV 8r}/Aov. 
 TOV 8' oXtyap^tKov TravTa Set TavavTta TOUTWV e^av ' TI yap 8ct 
 TrdXtv 8teievai ; (TKeif/acrOf fir), TL TOUTCJV in 
 o 8e Xoywr/Aos CCTTO) CTTI Traxrt StKatots-
 
 IIEPI TOT STEcfcANOT. 57 
 
 
 (f>rjs KOfJutppevos, f) Xoyco rov? S^/xort/cou? dXX' 
 ov ro?s TTpd'yi^acTi /cat rot? TToXtrev/xacrt ytyz;a>- 
 o~/co/x>ou?. /cat /8oa? prjra /cat apprjTa ovo^d^otv, 
 e d/xd^?, a (rot /cat rco era) yeVet Trpoor- 
 OVK e/AOt. /catrot /cat rouro, a) ct^Spe? 123 
 
 eyw XotSoptav /cari^yopta? TOVTW Sta- 
 i^you/xat, ra> rr)v /aet' KaTrpyopiav dSt/cry/AaT* 
 rot? vo/xots etcrtt' at Tt//,wptat, TT}Z/ Se 
 Xacr^jLtta?, a? /caret r^ avTaiv (f>v<TLV 
 rot? e'x#ppt5 7re/3t dXXi^Xa)^ crv/aySatVet Xeyet^. 
 ot/coSo/arJcrat 8e rov? Trpoyo^ov? ravrt TO, St/ca- 
 (TT-ijpLa vTrei\7j(f>a ov^ tVa crvXXe^at'Te? v/xd? et? 
 ravra ctTro rai^ tSt<u^ /ca/cw? ret aTropprjra 
 
 dXX' tVa e^eXey^w/AC^, ecti^ rts 
 rt Tvy^ivri rrjv ir6\iv. ravra roivvv etSw? 124 
 
 ouSev ^rrof e/>tou irojjiTreveiv avrl rou 
 /carTjyopeti' etXero. ou /x^ ouS' eVrau#a eXarrov 
 )(0)v St/catd? CCTTW ct7reX#eu>. 17817 8' eVt raura 
 7ro/3eucro/xat, TOCTOVTOV CLVTOV e^owrr^cra?. Trorepov 
 <re' rt?, Atcr^trr;, rrj? TroXew? e^Bpov fj e/xo^ ett'at 
 (/>rj ; e/xoi^ 8r}Xov ort. etra ov /xei^ ^ irap' /xou 
 ' /caret roi9 vo/xov? urre^> rourw^ Xa/SeTi/, et 
 St/cout', e^eXetTre?, eV rat? evOvvais, iv rat? 
 t5, eV raT? ctXXat? /cptcrecrtt' ou 8' eya> /xei> 125 
 aTracrt, rot? w/xot?, ra> ^povio, TYJ npode- 
 o~/utta, ra> /ce/cptcr^at Trept TTOLVTOIV vroXXct/ct? Trpo- 
 Ttpov, TO) /A^SeTrwTrore e'^eXeyx^z'ai /A^Sez/ v/xct?
 
 58 AHMO@ENOT2 
 
 ', rfj TroXet S' rj nXeov f) eXaTTov dvcty/oy 
 T<av ye Siy/xocrta 7re7rpay/xeVa)i> /xereu>at TT^? 
 evravOa a.7njvTr)Ka<; ; opa /XT) TOUTO)^ /xeV 
 1)9, e/xot Se TrpocnroLrj. * 
 
 126 'ETretSr) TOLVVV r) ^.tv ev(refir)<s /cat 8t/cata 
 aVacri SeSet/crat, Set Se /xe, cos eot/ce, KaiTrep ov 
 <f)i\o\oi$opoi> OVTOL, 8ta ras VTTO rourou /3Aacr07?- 
 /Lttas eiprjjjievas O.VTL TroXXan; KOL i//ev8&)^ aura 
 rdvay/catorar' etTret^ 7re/ot avrov, /cat Set^at rt? 
 an; /cat rivotv yoaStco? ovra>? o-pX L T v ^ot/cw? Xe- 
 yetp', /cat Xoyov? TtVa? Stacru^et, avro? etp^/cw? a 
 rt? ov/c a^ a>Kvr}cr. rwv /xerptajv dvOpcoira)!; <^0ey- 
 
 127 a(T0ai ; et yap Ata/cos 77 'PaSd/xai^^f ? r^ Mt- 
 j^a>5 ^v 6 /carr^yopcuv, dXXa /XT) crTrep/xoXoyo?, 
 Treptrpt/x/xa dyopd?, oXeOpos ypa/x/xareu?, ov/c az/ 
 avrov ot/xat ravr' elirelf ouS' a^ ovra)<s 
 Xoyov? TropicracrdaL, axnrep iv rpayojSta 
 
 a) y^ /cat 17X16 /cat dperr) /cat ret rotavra, /cat 
 
 1 66. Ov (JLe/JivrjO-Oe avrov TO. fjnapa. /cat airiOavu. pr)/j.a.Ta, a 
 TTWS TTO^' u/xeis, a) o"i8^pot, fKapTfpeiTf axpowfjifvoi ; "Or* l<^>7^ 
 TrapcX^wv " d/x7r/\jpiy)yoi}crt' rives rr/v TrdAiv, dvaTeT/i^Kacrt rtves 
 TO. K\-^fjiara TOV BTJ/JLOV, VTroTfT/JLrjTai. TO. vvpa TWV n-pa-yp.a.Twv, 
 <t>opp.oppa.<j>ovfji.f6a. 7Tt ra o-reva, rive? TrpaiTov wcTTrep TCI? ^eXova? 
 Stctpovcrt." 167. Tavra 8e rt eoriv, w KtWSos; p^/xara r; 
 6u.vp.ara; Kai TraAtv ore /cu/cXw TrepiStvaiv o-cavrov cVt TOV y8>j- 
 /xaros eXeye? ws avrLTrpdrTutv 'AXe^ai/8pu>. 
 
 260. Eyu> yuttv ow, to y^ /cat ^Xte Kat apcrr/ Kal crvvfcrts KCU 
 TratSeia, 77 StayiyvawrKO/xev ra KoXa /cat ra alcr^pa,
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 59 
 
 (rvvecrw Kcu TTaLoeiav e7n/caXov/xez'O>, rj ra 
 /caXa /cat TO. ala-^pa Siaytyi/a>o-/ceTai TavYa yap 
 $TJirov0ev rjKOver avTov Xeyoi/Tos. o-oi 8e aperrj<;, 
 a> KoiBapfJia, rj rot? trot? rt? /xeTovo-ia ; ^7 /caXwp 128 
 17 /ut^ TOLOVTWV ri'<? 8tay^w(rt5 ; irodtv r) TTO>S 
 a.^un6evTL ; TTOV 8e TratSeta? trot ^/tt9 }Jivr)cr0rj- 
 VOLI, ^5 TWI' jLtez/ a? d\r)6a)<; reru^/corajv ouS' at' 
 et? etTTOt Trept avrou rotouro^ ovoev, dXXa /cav 
 ere/oou Xeyovro? epvdpLoia-eiev, rot? 8' cbroXei- 
 (j>0L(TL fjiev axnrep crv, 7rpoo"7rotov/xeVot9 o VTT 
 d^atcr^^o-ta? TO rou? d/couo^Tag dXyetv 
 6Vcu> Xeywcrtv, ou TO So/ceti' TOIOVTOI? etvat 
 
 6CTTIV. 
 
 OvK OLTTOptoiV 8' O Tt ^/3r) 7Te/3t CTOV Kttt TW 
 
 a.7ropa> TOV trpurov i^v^crda), irorep a>5 6 
 ijp crov TpofJLrjs eSovXeve ira/o' 'EXTrtia TO> Trpo? 
 StSdcr/co^Tt ypd/x/xaTa, XOIVLKO.S TTOL- 
 /ecu ^uXov, *; w? 17 /XT^TT^ TOI? fj.e6rj- 
 yct/xot? eV TO> /cXeto-tw TW Trpo? TGJ KaXa- 
 i7pa>t xpwfJ-evrj TOV KaXov av^piavra /cat 
 a.Kpov e^eOpefye ere ; dXX' a>s 6 
 Tpir)pav\r)<; (^op^Lotv, 6 Auuz/o? TOV <&peappiov 
 SovXos, dveo~Tr)o~ev avrrjv a.7ro ravTiqs rf)<; 
 epyacrta? ; clXXa ^r) TOV Aia /cat TOV? 
 6/cvw /AT) Trept o~ov TO, TrpocnJKOVTa Xeycuv avTO? 
 ov irpocnJKOVTa<; e/xavTw So^co Trporjprjo-Oai Xo- 
 yov?. TavTa /xev ovv edo~a), a7r' avTatv Se a)v 13
 
 60 AHMOSBENOTS 
 
 avro? y8ey8ta>/cei> dpfo/xat ovSe yap aw ervvcv 
 77 y, dXX ots 6 87^x09 /caTaparat. 6i//e yap TTOTC 
 , 6\/;e Xe'ya) ; x^ ^ v ^ v Ka ^ ^p^rjv d/x' 
 3 A0r)vaLO<s /cat ptJT(op yeyove, /cat Svo 
 Trpoa-0el<s TOV fjiev Trarepa dvrl Tpo/x-^ro 
 
 , TT)v Se ^repa cre/xvais Trat'v FXav/co- 
 Efjiirovarav aTravre? icracrt 
 rov Travra TTOielv /cat Trdcr^eiv /cat 
 TavTr)<; r^5 eTrw^v/xta? rv^ovcr 
 
 1 3 1 yap aXXouev ; dXX' o/xw? ovrw? d^aptcrro? et 
 /cat TrovYjpbs (i>va-L, OHTT eXeu^epo? e'/c SovXov 
 /cat TrXovcrto? e/c TTTOJ^OV Sta rovrov(rt 
 
 OTTWS ^aptv avrot? e^et?, dXXa 
 
 /cara rourw^t TroXtrevi?. /cat Trept 
 etrrt rt? d/x^jto'yS^T^crt?, a>? apa uvrep rrj? 
 elprfKev, ectcrw a 8' VTrep 
 aTreSet^^ Trpdrrw^, ravra 
 
 132 Tt? yap vp,a)V OVK oiSe rov 
 'A^rt^w^ra, 09 eTrayyetXd/xe^o? 4>tXt7T7rw ret 
 
 pta e/xTJ-pTjcreiz' et? rr)^ TroXt^ rf\6ev ; ov XaySoi-- 
 To? e/xov /ce/cpv/x/xeVoi/ e^ Iletpatet /cat Ka.ro.- 
 (TTTJo'avTOS et? rr)z/ e/c/cXi^crta^ fiowv o 
 ovro? /cat /ce/cpayc6?, a>? ez^ S^xto/cparta 
 
 row? T^rv^/cora? rw^ TroXirwv vfipl&v /cat 
 
 eV ot/cta? 
 
 i33 eVot7;cre^. /cat et /x^ 17 /BovXr) rj e 'Apetov 
 Trdyov TO Trpdy/xa ato~^o/xe'^ /cat
 
 IIEPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 6l 
 
 ayvoiav eV ov Seoiri o-v/x/3e/3r?/cvtai> tSovcra eVe- 
 ,T]Tr)o~e TOV av6pa)irov /cat o~vXXaftovo~a CTTCLVTJ- 
 yayev a>? v/xa<?, e^TJpTrao~T > av 6 TotovTos KOI TO 
 OLKTTJV oovvai StaSv? e^CTre/xTrer' av virb TOV o~e- 
 TOVTOVL vvv o y v/ae?? o~Tpej3\(oo~ai>Te<; 
 aTre/cretVare, a? eSet ye /cat TOVTOV. rot- 134 
 yapovv etSv?a ravra 17 flovXrj rj e 'A^etou vrayov 
 rare TovTO) TreTrpayiMeva, ^eipoTOfrjcroivTOJV O.VTOV 
 WV O~VV$IKOV virep TOV lepov TOV ev Ai^Xw avro 
 O.VTYJS dyj^ota? 7]o~Trep iroXXa 7rpoio~0. T(av 
 , ag Trpoo~.i\.o~Be KMteunp /cat TOV Trpdy- 
 /xaro? KvpLa.v eVot^crare, TOVTOV y^ev evOvs amj- 
 v a>5 TrpoooTrjv 'TTrepetS^ Se Xeyeiv Trpoo-e- 
 /cat raura oVo rou /8w/xou <f>epovo~a Trjv 
 ewpa^e, /cat ouSe/Ata i/;^o? rji^e^Orj TO> 
 rovro). Kat on raur' dXr)0r) Xeyw, /caXet 135 
 TOV? p.dpTvpa<;. 
 
 MAPTYPE2. 
 
 [Maprupovcri Aiy/Aoo-^evet vTrcp aTravrwv ofSe, KaAAia? Soin't- 
 evs, Zrjvwv ^Aveu?, KAe'wv 4>aAr;pevs, A^/ioi/tKo? Mapa^wi/to?, 
 
 OTl TOU 8//iOV TTOTt X l P OTOVT 7' avTO S Aior^lVT/V (rwSlKOV VTTCp TOO 
 
 tepou TOV ev Ar/Ax ets TOVS 'A/u.<^>iKTi;ovas oa-vcSpei'travrcs ^/xets 
 cpiVa/icv YTrepci'Sr/v dftov eu/ai p,uAXov uvrep TT}V TrdAew? Aeyav, 
 
 OT TOVTOV /xeXXo^To? Xeyetv a 
 17 fiovXr) /cat npoo-eTaev eTepoj, TOTC /cat irpooo- 
 Tr)v et^at /cat KOLKOVOVV vp.1v
 
 62 
 
 136 *I<Jl> fJLV TOIVVV TOVTO TOiOVTO TToXtTCU/Za TOV 
 
 veaviov TOVTOV, o/zotov ye, ov yap ; ots e/zou 
 Karyyopti erepov Se di/a/xi/x^cr/cecr^e. ore yap 
 HvOaiva 4>tXt7T7ro5 7re/xi/;e rov Bv^a^rto^ feat 
 Trapa Ttov avTov crvafjid^cov TrdvTcov (rvve7re(ji\}}e 
 t?, 0)9 e^ alcr^vvy iroirfcr^DV TYJV iroXiv KOI 
 dSt/covcrav, rare eyw fio> rw Ilv^ajyt ^yoa- 
 /cat TroXXw peovn KaO* VJJLMV ov^ vire- 
 dXX' dvacrTa? avreiTrov /cai ra 
 7roXe&)5 Si'/ccua ov^i irpovSaiKa, dXX' d 
 
 ^tjXey^a <j>avepa)<; ovra5 
 orvfJi/JLa^ov; avTOvs dvtcrrajaeVov? oyaoXo- 
 yett' ovro? Se crvv^ywvit^TO /cat ravavrla ejJLap- 
 rvpet Trj TrarptSi, Kat ravra i//evS^. 
 
 137 Kat ov/c direxpr) ravra, dXXa ndXiv /xera Tav&* 
 vcrrtpov 'Ava^ivu TW /caracr/coTroj crwta)^ et? r^v 
 Spd<ra)vos oiKiav e\.r)<f>0r). /catrot ocrrt? ra> UTTO 
 raiv TroXe/AtctJV Tre^Oevn povos JJLOVO) crvi^et /cat 
 e'/cotvoXoyetro, ovro? avro? virrjp^e rfj <ucrei 
 /caracr/co7705 /cat 7roXe)ato? r^ TrarptSt. Kat ort 
 ravr' dX^^TJ Xe'yw, /cdXet /aot TOUTWV rov? 
 
 MAPTYPE2. 
 
 KXeWos, 'YTrepeufys KaAXatV^pov, 
 Ato^ai/rov fj.a.pTvpoixn ArjfJioa-Olvci KOL eTrw/xoo-avro Vi 
 <rrpar>7ya>v ci8ei/at 
 
 U6VOV WKT05 15
 
 EEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 63 
 
 iV<i>, os ttcpifrrj eiycu KaraorKOTros irapa. &i\Linrov. avrcu 
 at fj.a.prupia.1 CTTL Nt/aou, c/caTO/i^Sauovos TptTrj icrra- 
 
 MvpLa Toivvv erep eiTrelv c^wf Trepl auTov 138 
 TrapaXeiTra). Kal yap OVTO) TTOJ? e)(t. TroXXa av 
 ey^ Tt TOUTCUI/ e^ot/xt Set^at, wv ovrog /car* ocet- 
 vov? rev? xpovovs rot? /xei> e^0pol<; VTnrjpeTODV e/x,ot 
 8* CTrrjped^aiv evpeOrj. dXX' ou rt^erat ravra Trap' 
 v/u,r^ etg a.KpL/3rj /WTj/xTp ovS' ^ TrpocrfjKev opyqv, 
 aXXa SeSw/care e^et rtt't <f>avX(o TroXXr)^ e^oucrtav 
 TOJ /3ouXo/xeVw ro^ Xeyovra rt rwi' v/xtv (TVfjL<j)p6v- 
 T(i>v vTrocr/ceXt^etv /cat crvKOcfravTelv, TTJS liri 
 XotSo/otat? 17801^5 /cat ^aptros TO rrj? 
 a-vfji(f)pov dVraXXarTo/Aei'ot StoTrep /5aov ecrrt 
 /cat do"<aXecrTepoi> det rot? l^dpoi^ VTTrjpeTovvra 
 fJucrQapvelv rf rrjv virep v/xa>i> eXofJitvov rd^iv 
 TToXtreuecr^at. 
 
 Kat TO /ACI' 817 7T/30 TOU 7roXe/ieti> <f>avepa><; (rvv- 139 
 
 a) > /cat 
 
 yap ou ; /caTa T^5 TraTptSo? 8oT6 8', et 
 
 , SOTC auT&> TOUTO. dXX' eVetSr) 
 17817 TO, TrXota ecrea-vXrjTo, Xeppoi^cro? e 
 eVt Tiyt' 'ATTI/CT^V eiropeveO* avOpuiros, ou/ceY eV 
 O~t/x,6J TO, TT pay para r\v dXX' eveo~Ti7 / /c(, 
 , o Tt /zei> TTCOTTOT' eirpa^ev virep vpuv 6 
 /Sdcr/cai'o? ovTocrt lajjLJ3eLoypd(f>o<;, ov/c ai 
 ^at, ouS' (TTLV OUTC jiel^ov OUT' eXaTTo^
 
 64 
 
 AicT)(iV# virep tav crvjjLfapovfuv ffj 
 et Se <f>r)(Tii vvv Set^arw ev T(p e/xw vSart. dXX' 
 OVK ea-fkv ovoeV. /catrot Svou> avrov dvdyKrj 0d' 
 repov TI p,r)$ev rot? TrparTo/xeVot? VTT' e/xou TOT' 
 ^ovr eyKaXeiv ^ ypdfyew napd ravO* erepa, 
 ^ TO Ta)v l^6po)v 
 
 15 [ACfOV TO, TOVTWV 
 
 Ti> T'^J*\ <x j 
 
 Ay3 ovi> ovo theyev, oxnrep ov 
 ty'iKa. epydcra&dai, n Sect KO.KOV ; ov /xei^ ovv 
 fjv elireiv erepa). KCLL rd peis aXXa /cat (frepew 
 r)$vva&', a>5 eot/cev, 17 TroXt? /cat TTOLMV OUTOS Xcu> 
 Bo.vf.iv tv 8* ireeipydcraTO, 
 
 TOtOVTOl', O TTaCTt TOt? TTpOTCpOLS 7Te0Tf)K. 
 
 113. Tavr^s T^? dpas <at TWI/ opKwv /cat T^S fiavreta? ycvo- 
 /ACJ^S, dvayeypa/A/xevtov In /cat vw, ot AoKpoi ol 'A/x^to-o-eis, 
 /taAAov 8e ot Trpoeo-TT^Kores avrwv, avSpes Trapavo/xioraTot, eTretp- 
 ya^ovro TO ircStov, Kai TOV Xip-eva TOV l^dyurrov KOL eTraparov 
 TraAti/ eTi\t(rav Kal crww/cio-av, *cat re'Ar; roi's KaraTrXeovras e^- 
 Aeyov, /cai TWV a(J>LKvovfj.vwv eis AeX</>oi;s TrvXaydpwv eWous 
 /tacrt 8i<^^etpav, wi/ els ^v A^/Aoo-^eV^s. 114. ^etpoTov^ 
 yap {K/>* v/xoiv TrvXayopas Xafj.(3dvei Stcr^tXias Spa^ua? Trapa 
 'A/x^wro-eW i>7Tp TOT) p.7y8e/Atai/ /xi/etav Trept avrStv ev TOIS ' 
 KTVoo"i Troi'ra'a.crOa.i. 8iaAoXo^^ 8' avT(3 <cal eis TOV XOITTOV 
 
 , TOV eviavrov eKacrrov yu.vas IKO- 
 <^)' WTE (3or)@r)(re.iv TOIS 
 
 'A0yvr](n /caTa TTO.VTO. TpoVov 1 1 6. 'E^r^yyf'XXETo 
 8' i^/juv Trapa TWJ/ ySovXo/xc/wv evvotav cvfaiKwcrOai rrj iroXct, OTI 
 
 01 'AJL(3UrO-L<S VTTOTrfTTTWKOTfS TOT Kttt 8tVW$ $pa7Ti;'oVTS TOVS 
 
 {ip.Tpas TrdXfws, TTEVTT;- 
 
 aXai/TOts ^/u.taio'at TOV 8^/Aov TWV 'Adrjvaitav, OTI 
 d(T7ri8as dv^cyu,ev Trpo? TOV Katvov vcwv Trpiv c
 
 HEPI TOT 2TE3>ANOT. 65 
 
 irepl ov TOVS TroXXovs cxvaXwcre Xoyov?, TO, rail/ 
 ratv Ao/c/3wi> Sietwi> Soy/xara, a>? 
 dX^^e?. TO S' ou TotoirroV ecrrt 
 rrodev ; ouSeVor' e'/cz/ti/frj crv Ta/cet 
 crauTcu ov^ oura> iroXXa epei?. 
 
 KaXw S' tvavTiov v/xcuv, a> 
 Tov? Oeovs airavTa.*; Kal Tracra?, ocrot 
 e^ovcrt r^y 'ATTWflfvi feat TOI^ 'ATroXXw TOI/ II u- 
 ^toi/, 05 vrarpwo? ecrrt r^ TroXet, /cat eT 
 Tracrt rovrot?, et /xet' dXrjOrj TT^OS v/xa? 
 /cat eTTroi/ /cat TOT' evOvs ev T&> Sixw, OT 
 
 Tovrovl rov fjuapbv TOVTOV TOV 
 (tyvwv yoip, ev^e'w? eyvcov), 
 
 fTreypd\j/afj.fv TO 7rpoa~Y)Kov 7riy/3aju.)Ma " 'A^vatoi aTro 
 rj(3a.iu>v ore TavavTia rots "EAA^cnv e^a^ovro." 
 
 8' /A 6 l(.pop.vrjfjnav rj^iov flcreXveiv eis TO crweSpiov Kai 
 Tt Trpo? rows 'A)U.<^iKTuovas VTrep T^S TroXccos, Kai avrov 
 7rpor)pr)p.evov. 1 1 7. 'Ap^o/xei/ou Se /AOV Aeyeiv <cai irpoOv- 
 TTOJS cio-eA^Xv^oros ts TO o-iWSptov, TWV aAAwv TruXayo- 
 pwv fjL0fo"rr)KOTwv, a.va/SoT^o'as TIS TOIV ' A.fjL(pLcrcrf.u>v, av 
 do-eXyeo-TttTOS /cat, w? e/xot l(f>aivfTO, ovSc/Atas iratSctas 
 KOJS, IQ-WS 8e Kai 8ai/AOViov Ttvos cfa/AapTaveiv avrov Trpoayo/xevou, 
 7 >" 'A'?* " <^ avSpcs "EXXr;v?, i O-w^>povetT, ovS' av 
 Tovvo/xa TOV S^/AOV TWV 'A^TjvaiW ev Taio-8c Tais ijfie- 
 pais, dXX' a)? cvayeis fcipytT av IK TOV icpov." 1 1 8. "A/xa 8c 
 ty.ffjLvrjro TYJ<; TWV 4>a)Ko>v trvftjULj^OUt rjv o Kpoi/JuXos 
 eypai^c, Kal aXXa TroXXa cai ovo~xfpf) KO.TO. Trj<> TroXcws 
 Xe'ywv, a eyw ovrc TOT' fKapTfpovv OLKOVW ovre vvv rjofw; fJif.fJ.VYf- 
 fnai avraiv. axowras 8e OVTW Traput^vvOrfv ws ovSeTraiTroT cv TO) 
 /xavTou /8to). /cat TOVS /lev aXAous Xoyovs u7repy8T; 
 6' ovv /tot CTTI TT/V yvw/xr^j/ /j.vrjo-6?irai TT/S TWV 'A/A^rcrewv 
 
 5
 
 66 AHM020ENOT2 
 
 /iot Sowat /cat cramjpicw, el Se irpo? e^Opav rj 
 <j>L\ovLKias tStas eW/c' atrtai> eVayaj rourw \jjev$r), 
 
 TO>V yaa)v vovrjTov /xe TrotTcrat. 
 142 Tt ow ravT eTr^a/iat /cat SiCTeivdjLrv ovrcocrt 
 
 ort ypa/x/xar e^ajv e TW 
 /cet/xeva, e^ w^ ravr' eVtSet^cu cra<a>?, /cat v 
 tS&>? ra 7re77y>ay|aeVa /Av^/xoveucro^ra?, e/cetvo 
 y8ov/xat, /x?) rwi' eipya,(TiJi4vtov aurw 
 <f)6r) ovros eXarrcu^ 6Vep Trporepov (rvi>/3r), ore 
 TOV<S 
 
 rrjv yfjv TYJV tepav dcre^eias, at avro^cv eo-rr/Ktus eSctKvrov 
 'AfJi(j>iKTVO(riv (yTTOKfirai yap TO Kippatoi/ TreStov TW Up<3 Kat 
 ffrriv ever VVOTTTOV) . 12^.. Tfj 8c Imovcrr) yfjicpa. KOTTV^OS 6 ra? 
 
 criav yap 6vo//,aoro-iv, orav /A^ /AOVOV TOVS TnAayopous Kat 
 iepo/jtvr;/AOvas a-vyKaXia-axnv, dAAa Kat rows o-uv^rjovras Kat 
 p,evov<; r<3 ^<3. ei/rai)^' -^877 TroAAat /Atv cyt'yvovro raiv 'A/x- 
 <f>i(T(rfwv KaT^Tyoptat, TroAifS 8' 7rati/os ^v Kara T*;? T^/Acrepa? 
 TToAews ' reAos Se Travros rot) Aoyov tfrrpfrtftOVTat ^Kttv TOUS tepo- 
 fjivrjfjiova<; Trpo TTJS eTnov&rjs TruAat'as ev p^T<3 ^poj/w ets IIvAas, 
 e^ovras 8oy/xa, Ka^' o TI SIKT^V Saxrovcrtv ot 'A/x^to-o-cts i>7rep wv 
 ts TOV ^eov Kat TT)V y^v r^v tcpai' Kat TOVS 'Ay^t^tKTVovas e^- 
 /xaprov. OTI 8e dAr/^ Aeyw, dvayvwo"Tat v/uv o ypa/A/xarevs TO 
 
 125. T 
 
 Kai TraAtv ci/ TT) KKA^o-t'a, Kai TO.S Trpa^et? T^/XWV aT 
 TOI) 8^/xov Kat r^s TroAews 7rao-^s Trpoatpov/xeV^s eucreySetv, Kat 
 Ar//xoo-^eVous vTrep TO> yaeo-eyyv^/jtaTos TOV e 'A/x^to-o-^s dvrt- 
 AeyovTOS Kat e//,oC (f>avfpw<; evavTtW v/xtov e^eAey^ovTOs, e7rct8^ 
 CK TOV fftavfpov rr)v TroAtv av^pwTros OVK eSwaTo cr^Aai, ewreA-
 
 HEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 67 
 
 TO, \jjevof) Sev/o' dirayyetXas. TOV yap ev 'A/u,- 143 
 <f>Co~o~rj 7roXe/u,oi>, Si* ov t? 'EXdYetaz' r)X0e 4>tXt7r- 
 
 05 airavT dveTpeijje Ta TOJV RX\.r)va)v, OUTO? eo~Tiv 
 
 6 o~vy/caTao~/cevacras Kat iravTcov et? ai^/o Toil' 
 fM6yLo~T(i)v atTto? KaKatv. /cat TOT' ev6i>s e/xov 8ta- 
 papTvpofjitvov /cat fioatvTos ev TTJ eKK\rjo~La " iro- 
 
 > ets TT)V 'ATTt/cr)v eto-ayet?, Ato-^tV^, TroXe- 
 
 *A[JL<f>lKTVOVLK6v " Ot /XV CK 
 
 v \ / e 5> 
 
 ov/c etcut' /xe Xeyeti^, ot o 
 
 ^<ov eis TO fiovXevrripiov Kal //,TacTT7;cra/Avo5 TOUS tSiwras ef <^>- 
 perai Trpo(3ovXtvfj.a eis T^V fKK\r](ria.v, -irpo(r\a.(3wv rrjv TOV ypa- 
 aTreipt'ai/ 126. TO 8' auTO TOVTO Kai ev TT) 
 
 eirava.(TTa.(rrj<; TT}? lKK\rj(ria.<;, a.Trf\r)\vOoTO^ e/xoi), ou yap aV TTOTC 
 fircTpeif/a, Kal TU>V TToAAoii/ 8e a<f>fifji.ev<j)v ou TO JC^>aAatov COTI 
 " Toy lepo/ti^/Aova," ^>r/o-/, " TWV 'A&paMar *cai TOVS iruXayopov? 
 TOVS aei TTuAayopovKras Troptuco-^ai ci? IIvAa? /cat eis Ae/X^ors 
 cv TOIS TCTay/jtci/ot? ^povois UTO TWV Trpoyovwv," cvTrpeTTais ye T<S 
 ovofjiart, aAAa TW fpyj) ato^ptos xwAuct yap cis TOV o*vAAoyov 
 TOV tv TIuAats aTravrav, 05 ^ avayjo/s ?rpo TOV *ca^?;/covTOs e/xeAAc 
 Xpovou yiyvfo-dat. 127. Kai iraA.iv ev TW duTO) i/a;^>to-/MaTt TroXu 
 /cat <ra<j>e(TTfpov Kal TriKporepov o-i>yypa/ii/xa ypd(j>ei " TOV tepo- 
 /Avry/Aova," ffarjo'i, " TWV ^AOijvaiwv Kal TOVS 7ruAayopou9 TOVS act 
 TruAayopovvTas /ATJ /xeTe^etv TOIS eKei o~iAAeyo/AeVois fn/re Adywv 
 /xiyre epywv /*>/T 8oy|U.aTu>v (J.r)TC Trpd^eo)? /AT^8e/Aias." TO 8t /i^ 
 
 fJiTf^fLV TL fCTTl ; TTOTCpa ToXrjBf^ 17T<1> ij TO '^SlO'TOV UKOWTat ; 
 
 TO aArjpes epai TO yap del Trpo? r/?>ovr)v \fy6fj-evov OVTOKTI TT)V 
 TroAiv SiaTe'^eiKcv. OVK ea /xe/xnyo-^at TWV opKwv, ovs 17/u.wv 01 
 Trpoyovoi w/jtoo-av, ouSe T^S dpas ouSe T^S TOU ^eov /uiavreias. 
 128. 'H/ieis /tev ovv, <L 'A^vaiot, KaTeyneivaaev 8ia TOVTO TO
 
 68 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 Kal Ktvrjv alriav Sta rrjv iStai; 
 
 144 eVayetz/ /u,e vTreXdnfiavov avra>. 77x1,9 S' 77 
 a) avSpes *A0r)valoi, yeyove TOVTIDV TO>V 
 
 TCDV, KOL TWOS etve/ca ravra o-vvea-Ktvao-O-rj /cat 
 TTOX; enpa^Brj, vvv vnaKovcraTe, eVetSr) rore e'/cw- 
 XvOrjre Kal yap eu Trpay^a (TvvrtBkv ox//eo-^e, /cat 
 /xeyaXa oK^eXi^crecr^e npbs tcrroptav TQiv Koiviav, 
 Kal 00-77 SetvoT779 77^ eV rw 4>tXt7TTrw, Oedcrea-Qe. 
 
 145 Ov/c Tp row vrpo? v/xa.9 TroXe/xov Trepas ovS' 
 (ZTraXXayT) <J>tXt7T7T6j, t ^.77 Srjfiaiovs Kal erra- 
 Xoi? e^Opovs TroirjcreLe ry Tro'Xet- aXXa /catVep 
 d^Xtco? /cat /ca/cw? raiv err par-rjy 'cuv ra)v vfJiTpa)v 
 iro\jJLOvvT(Di> avTO) O/MOOS VTT' avrov rov TroXe'yaou 
 /cat ra)^ Xyo'Tcai' p-vpia e7rao~^e /ca/ca. ovre yap 
 
 ,/ >p Jp.'*! ><^ TON> ^/3\' 
 
 140 eio-Tjyero a>^ eoetr aura> 771^ oe ovr ei^ T|7 uaXar- 
 777 rore KpeiTTuv v/xa)v, ovr' et9 TT)^ 'ATTI/CT)^ eX- 
 
 *f/rj<f>Lcrp.a, oi 8 ' aAAoi 'Ayu.<^>i/cTi'oi/s 
 TrAr/v /xias TrdAcws, ^s eyw ovr' ai/ rovvo/xa tiTroifii, /u.^' at CTV/A- 
 (faopai TrapaTrXija LOL yevoti/TO uvrJ}s /x^Sevi TWV EAA^vwv. Kai 
 fif/r)<f>i(ravTO cTrtcrrpaTet'eii/ CTTI TOVS 'A/x<icr<Tas, Kal 
 ov etAovTO KOTTU<^>OV rov 4>ttp<roiAiov TOI/ TOTC ras yvw- 
 /xa? fTruf/ri<j)iovTa, OVK eiriS^/x-ovi/Tos ev Ma/ccSovta ^tAiTnrov, 
 aAA oiS ev T?J 'EAAaSt Trapovros, dAA' cv 2<cv^ais ovrw /u.a/cpar 
 O.7TOPTOS ov avriKO. fjiaXa ToX/AT^crei Aeyciv A^yaocr^ev^? os cya 
 eTTt TOVS "EAA^vas eir^yayov. I2g. Kat TrapeA^ovres rg Trporry 
 crrpaTcta cai /x.aAa jncrpcw? e^pr^ravro rots 'A/A^wro-ewriv airi
 
 IIEPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 69 
 
 Se avr(u ro> TTO- 
 
 \ejJLO) KpOLTOVVTl TOU? O7TOLOV(T$TJTrO0' V/XeT? ^- 
 
 TrefJLTrere crrpaT^yov? (ecu yap TOUTO ye) auTT? rfj 
 <f>vo~ei TOU TOTTOV /cat Tatv vTTap^ovTotv e/carepots 
 Ka.KOTra.6elv. el y^ev ovv rrjs tSta? eVe/c' e^dpa^ fj 147 
 17 TOU? @ryy8atou? o-u/x7ret^ot ySaSt- 
 ouSeV av i/yetTO irpo(ret;eiv avrot 
 TOV vovv eav Se TO.? eKeivajv /cot^a? 7rpo<^ao"t? 
 Xafiwv -fjye^v aipedfj, paov -qXTnt^e ra pev Trapa- 
 Kpovcreo-dai TO, Se Treicreiv. TL ovv ; 
 6ea.o-a.o-0' a? cv, TroXe^ov Trotrjcrat TO?? ' 
 /crvoo"t /cat Trept TT)I^ IlvXatav rapa^TJv et? yap 
 ravd* evQvs aurou? V7re\dfji/3avev avrov oeTJo~e- 
 o-0cu. el fjiev roivvv TOUTO ^ TQJV Trap' eavrou 148 
 
 tepofJLvrjfJiovoDV 77 TOJI/ eKeivov o~u/x- 
 elo-rjyolro Tt?, V7roi//eo~^at TO Trpay/uta ei/o- 
 /cat TOU? ry/Satou? /cat TOV? QeTTaXov? /cat 
 TrdWa? (j>v\deo-0ai,, av S' 'A^vato? 77 /cat 
 
 yap TWV /xeyioTtoV aSiK^aTcov ^pr^/Aacrtv aurous c^/iiaxrav, *at 
 rairr' ev pr/rai XP < ' 1 ' < { ) ^pociTrov ral ^cui Kara^civai, Kat TOUS /xev 
 evayeis Kai TWV TreTrpay/xevwv airtovs /u.TC(rri;(ravTO, TOVS 8t' 
 fV(Tf/3f(.av <f>vyovTa<; Karv/yayov. 'ETrctSr; 8c cure ra xprj/j.a.Ta 
 ifcfTivov T<3 ^(2 TOVS T* cvayi9 KdT?;yayov cai TOVS evo-e^Seis 
 *careX^dvTas 8ia TWV ' A.p.f}>iKTv6v(av e^t'/SuAov, oimos 1787; T^V Seu- 
 repav CTTI TGI)? 'Afjuf>ur<rcas (TTparciav eTroiT^o'avTo, n^oAAui %povw 
 vorepov, eTravcXrjXv^oro^ ^iXtTnrou t/c r^s CTTI TOVS S/cv^a? crrpa- 
 TCJV /j.ev ^ewv TTyv rfyf/Jiovfav r
 
 70 AHMOSBENOTS 
 
 VJJi(t)l> TO)V VirCVOLVTllDV TOVTO TTOICOV, 
 
 creiv oirep crvvefiri. TTOJS ovv TO.VT 
 
 149 fJ.i(T0ovTaL TOVTOVL. ovScws Se TrpoetSoYos, ot/xat, 
 TO Trpayfj.0. ovSe <^vXarrovTO5, cucrTrep etw^e ra 
 roiavra Tra/a' v/ui> yiyvto-Bai, TrpoySX 
 ovTo? /cat rpiwv f) Terrdpcov 
 avrbv aveppr}0r). w? Se ro r^s TroXecu? 
 Xaftojv d(j>LKeTo et? rovs 'A/x^t/crvoi/as, 
 rdXX' d^et? /cat TraptSwv eirepaivcv efi ot? 
 e(jLicr6(ii>6r), /cat Xoyov? evTrpoo^wTTou? /cat /xv^ov?, 
 17 Kippaia X^P - KaOieptaBr), o-vi>0ei<s /cat 
 $a>z> dv6 pamovs aTretpovs Xdycui' /cat TO /xeX- 
 15 Xot' ou Trpoopw/xeVovs, TOV? tepo/x^/xo^a?, Tret^et 
 TrepiekOeiv TT]V ^(apa.v rjv ol p.ev 'A/x- 
 cr<f)(t)v avTwv ovcrav yeaipyelv 
 OVTOS Se T^5 tepa? ^w/aa? rjTidro et^at, 
 $LKr)v Twv Ao/cpwi^ eTrayovTtov rjfjuv, ouS' a 
 ouTO? 7rpO(f>ao-i^erai, \eya>v OVK dXrjOrj. yvat- 
 (recrOe 8' e/cet^ev. ov/c ez^v ai'ev TOU TrpocrKaXe- 
 ora.crdai ST^TTOU Tot? Ao/cpot? SiKrjv Kara TTJS iro- 
 Xew? TeXeo~ao~^at. Tt? ow e/cX^Tevcre^ T^/xds ; 
 a7ro Trota? dp^5 ; etTre TO^ etSoYa, Setfo^. dXX' 
 ou/c a^ e^ots, dXXa, /cez^J npo<f)d(rei ravTy /caTe- 
 X/^ Ka ^ V /ev ^ e '' > TrepiLovTOiV Tolvvv Trjv yaipav 
 TU>V *A[j.(j>LKTv6i>(i)v Kara rrjv v(f)ijyrjcrLv TYJV TOV- 
 TOV, Trpoo'Treo'ovTes ot Ao/cpot jJUKpov 
 ricrav OLTravTas, Tt^d? Se /cat crvvTJpTraa-av
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 71 
 
 O)9 S' CLTTO.^ e/C TOUTO)^ 
 
 /cat 77oXe/u,o9 77/369 TOV9 'A/x^>to~cret9 eYa- 
 7, TO /ze> irpaiTov 6 KoTTv^>o9 CLVTWV 
 T^yaye (TTpandv, a9 S' ot /xe> 
 rj\6ov, ot S' eX#oVT9 ouSeV eVotow, et9 TT)V 
 ovcrav ITuXatat' eVt TOI/ ^tXtTTTrot' ev0v<s riyepova 
 r)yov ot /caTeo-/cevacr/xeVot /cat TraXat irovrjpol TO>V 
 
 jiav /cat TWI/ eV Tat9 dXXat9 7roXeo"tv. /cat iS 2 
 
 \/-/ // vi ^^ ^ 
 
 /Cat gei^OV9 Tp<plV (pOL(TCLV Of.IV /Cttt 
 TOU9 /A^ TdVTCL TTOlOVVTaS, f) CKtlVOV ttt- 
 
 peicrffaL. TL Set TO, TroXXa Xeyetv ; ypeOr) ya/3 
 e'/c TOUTOJ^ T7ye/xcu^. /cat /XCTO, TauT* ev^e / w9 Si>- 
 vafjLLv <rvXXe / ^ r a9 /cat TrapeXOajv a>9 eVt T^ Kt/> 
 palav, eppaxrOai <f>pdcras TroXXa Kt/3/3atot9 /cat 
 
 , TT^I^ EXaTeta^ /caTaXajLt^Sai^et. et /xei^ r S3 
 fjiereyvcoorap ev^e'a>9, a>9 TOVT' etSor, ot 
 Kat /ae^' i^/xoii' eyeVoz'TO, axnrep ^et/iap- 
 
 /3OU9 ttl' OJTO.V TOVTO TO TTpayfJia 19 TTJV TToXtl' 
 >/ "^S^'^'i 1 ',/.. ' ' ' 
 
 TOI' e/ceti/ot, jLtaXto~Ta jaeV, a> d^S/39 'A^t'atot, 
 ^ewi^ TWO9 eut'ota 77/369 v/xa.9, etTa /u,eWot, /cat 
 oo~o/^ /ca^' eVa aVS/3a, /cat St' e'/xe'. Ao9 Se' /xot 
 TO, Soy/xaTa ravra /cat TOU9 xpovovs iv ol9 e/ca- 
 o~Ta 77eV/3a/cTat, ti'' etSr^Te i^Xt/ca IT pay par a rj 
 /Lttapa K<f>aXr) rapd^aaa O.VTTJ St/cryv ov/c 
 Xeye /xot ra
 
 72 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 AOFMATA AM$IKTYONN. 
 
 154 [*ETTI tcpe'cos KAetvayopou, capias IIuAaias, tSo^c TOIS 
 
 yopois Kai TOIS o~vvcopoi<i TWV A/A^IKTDOVCOV Kai TU> Kotvui TWV 
 1 A//,<IKTDOV(OV, eircLor) AfjL<f>ifrartt<; eTrt^Saivovcrtv CTTI rr^v lepav 
 Xwpav Kai oTTi/)ov(n Kai ySoo-Kry/Aam Karavcfjiova-w, fTreXdflv 
 TOWS 7rvXayopov9 Kat rows cruve'Spcws, /cai (rriyAuis 8iaA.a/3eV 
 rows opovs, Kal aTTfiTTflv TOIS 'A/x^to-crewi TOU AOITTOV /A^ 
 
 ETEPON AOFMA. 
 
 (^ETTI tepe'ws KXeivayopov, eapiv^s IluXatas, eSo^c TCHS 7n;Aa- 
 yopots <at rots o~vvf8poi<s TUIV 'AfjL<f)iKTv6v<av Kai TW KOIVW TOJV 
 'A/X^SIKTUOVWV, 7rei8^ ot t 'A/x<^i(rcr7;s r^v tepav ^oSpav KOTU- 
 vfi[jidfj.fvoi yewpyoDcrt Kai /SocrK^jaaTa VC/AOINTI, Kat KcoA.uo^tevoi 
 TOVTO Trotttv, ei/ rot? OTrXots Trapayevo/xevot, TO KOIVOV rail' 'EA.- 
 A.y/vo)V (Twc'8ptov KeKwAv/cacrt /Aera /Stas, rivas Se Kat rerpav- 
 
 fJiCLTlKCLCrW, TOV (TTpCLTTfyOV TOV r)prjfJ.VOV TWV AfJL(j)lKTVOV<i)V KoT- 
 
 Tv<f>ov TOV 'ApKaSa 7rpe<Ty8ti)crai Trpo? ^I'AITTTTOV TOV Ma/ceSdva, 
 Kat dftoiiv iva f3or)@r/(rr) TW TC 'ATroAAwvi Kat TOIS 'A/x^>tKTuo- 
 
 (TIV, O7TWS /AT/ 7Tfpd8-rj VTTO TUIV O.(TC/3(i)V ' AfJufiuTCTewV TOV OfOV 
 
 7r\Tf]fj.iJifXovfJifvov ' Kat StoTt avrov o-TpaTrjyov auroKpaVopa ai- 
 powTat of "EAAr/vcs ot /XCTC^OVTC? TOU a~we8piov TOJV 'A//,- 
 
 rou? ^povovs ev ols TOLVT eyt- 
 yvero et(7t yap /ca^' ov? errvXayoprjorev ovro?. 
 Xe'ye. 
 
 XPONOI. 
 
 KTT; 
 Aa-rr/.j
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 73 
 
 Ao? 817 rrjv eTrtcrroXrp TJV, o>s ov^ vTnjKovov is 6 
 ot ft-rjftaloi, 7re/t7T6t 77/905 rovs eV 
 
 6 <I>tXt7r7ro5, u>* etSryre Kal IK 
 ort 
 
 T(t)V, TO TO.VT CTTt TV)V tttt Kttt TOV5 
 
 Kal u/xa? TrpdrTtiv, aTre/c/ovTrrero, KOti/a Se /cat 
 rot? 'A.fjL(f>LKTVocri, Bo^avra noieiv Tr/DocreTroieiro 
 6 Se TCI? dc^op/xa? ravra? /cat ras Tr/ao^acret? 
 avra; Trapaa-^aiv ouro? ^v. Xeye. 
 
 EHI2TOAH. 
 
 vs MaKeSdvoov <J>iXi7r7ros ITeA.o7rovv7<ri'a)v TWV cv T^ 157 
 TOI? Srjfjuovpyois /cui rots trwc'Spois ft TOIS aAA.ot9 
 Trcwn ^aipeii'. firfi8rj Aocpoi ot KaAW/ievoi 'O^d- 
 Aai, JcaroiKowrcs ev ' A.fj.<f>i<ra~r), ir\r)fj.fj.f\oixriv eis TO Upov TOW 
 TOI) ev AeA^ois Kat T-^V upav ^aipav ep^d/icvot /xe^' 
 ov\op.ai TW ^ea> /ic^' V/AWV (3orj6flv Kal 
 afj.vva.(rOa.L TOVS irapaftaivovrd.? TL T(av tv avOpwirois fwrejSwv 
 
 UKTTC OT^aVTttT /ACTO. TWV OTrAfcJV 15 T^V 4>(UKl8a, J(OVTS eTTWt- 
 
 TMT/AOV rffJLCpwv Teo-Q-apaKovra, TOU evcoTwros /XT/VOS Xwov, d)5 
 ^cis ayo/Acv, a>s 8e 'A^vaiot, ySoT/Spo/itaivos, (U 8e Kopiv^tot, 
 Trai/e/iov. .Tots 8 /XT) o-uvavTT/o-cwrt TravS^/xci xpr)<r6p.f6a, TOIS 
 
 'Opa0 y ort <j)vyei ra? tSt'as Trpo^xxo-et?, et? Se 158 
 ras A[ji(f>iKTvoviKa<; Karafavyei. rt? ow 6 raura 
 cru/x7ra/3acr/cvacra5 avrw ; Tt? 6 rag 7rpo(f>d<rci<; 
 raura? eVSovs ; rt? 6 rwr KCLKOIV TMV yeyevTjfAC- 
 ju,aXtcrra atrto? ; ov^ ovro? ; /AT) roivyy
 
 74 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 Xe'yere, w dVSpes 'A^^aiot, TrepttoWes as u< 
 cvo? Totavra irenovBev rj 'EXXds avO 
 
 V<f>' I>O9, dXX' U7TO TToXXwV /Cttl TTOV^pfttV TTOLf) 
 
 159 e/cacrroi?, c5 yrj /cat ^eot otv et? ovrocrt, 6V, et 
 i> evXa/3i7^eVra TaXrjOes enreiv Seot, ou/c a^ 
 
 eycoye KOIVOV aXirripiov raiv 
 ravra aTroXcoXorcov aTrdvTtav eiTrelv, 
 Toiraiv, TToXetu^ o yap ro (nrepfjLa 
 ovro? rait' (frvvTajv KCUKWV atrto?. 6z/ OTTW? 
 
 evQvs tSdt'Te? dTrecrrpa^^re, Bavjjid^a) - Tr\.r)i> 
 
 Tt O-/COTO5, 0)S OLKV, eCTTt TTttya' VfttV 77/90 
 
 160 "ZvfJLfiefiyKe TOLVVV /xot rwi/ /cara 
 
 TOVTto TreTrpayfJLfvcov di/iaju-eVw et? a rovrot? e 
 rtou/xevo? avros 7re7roXtrev/xat acfn^Oai a TroX- 
 Xwi' /xei' eve/c' av et/corw? d/covcratre yu,ov, ynd- 
 Xttrra 8' on al(T\p6v ecrriv, at di^Spe? ' 
 
 et eyw /^e^ TO, cpya raiv vTrep u/zaji^ Trdvtuv V7re- 
 
 fJLiva, v/aet? Se /xr^Se rovs Xdyovg avra.v ave 
 161 6pa>i> yap eyw @-^^8atou5, cr^eSo^ Se /cat 
 V7TO TO>V rot ^>tXt7T7rov <f>povovvT<i)v /cat 
 [jievuv Trap e/carepot? 6 /ACI/ 17^ d/x^orepot? <f)ofie- 
 pov /cat <^>vXa/c^5 TroXX^? ^eo^evov, TO rtiv 4>tXt?r- 
 TTOV ed^ avdvcr0aL, Trapop<i)VTa.<s /cat ouSe Ka^' 
 Iv ^vXarro/xeVov?, et? e^Bpav 8e /cat TO TT/DOCT- 
 Kpoveiv dXX^Xot? erot/Ltwg e^ovra?, 6Va>s TOVTO 
 /t^ yeVotro TrapaTrjpatv StereXow, ov/c aTro
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 75 
 
 fjLovov raura (riyx^epety VTroXait- 
 , dXX' etS<us 'A/3t<TTO<eji>Ta /cat TrdXii/ Eu- 162 
 /3ov\ov TrdVra rov ^povov ^SovXo/xeVov? 7rpacu 
 ravrrjv rr)v ^(Xiav, /cat 7re/3t TWI^ aXXcov TroXXa/ct? 
 di/rtXeyo^ra? rovO* op.oyvat^ovovvra^ act. ou<? 
 erv 4^^ Tai ? ftcv, a) /ctvaSo?, /coXa/ceua>^ TraprjKO- 
 Xou^et?, T0vea>T(t)v 8' ov/c atcr^a^et Karriyopaiv 4.^ 
 a yap Trept Srj^aiajv eTTtrt/^ta? e//,ot, e/cetvcov TroXv 
 
 f) IfJiov /carryyo/aet?, rcuv Trporepov r) eya> 
 rrjv <riyA/Aa^tai> So/ct/xacra^r&>^. dXX' 163 
 e/cetcre eVa^et/xt, ort roi/ ev 'A/x^)tcrcrT7 
 
 TOVTOV JJLV TTOLTJCraVTO^, O"VfJLTTepavaiJil>(DV 
 
 rait' crwepyatv avra) rrjv 77/305 
 owfb) rov <&l\nnrov ekBelv 
 
 ovirep eveKa rd? TroXet? ourot (TvveKpovov, /cat 
 et /x^ Trpoe^a^ecrTry/xev piKpov, ovS' di>a.\a/3elv av 
 
 ovrou l ^^^ Troi'a.'ov oSrot 
 
 I T ^> 1> V^ \ V 
 
 . ev ot? o ^re 17017 ra 77/305 
 Xov?, rovrcut't rail/ ^(^La-^air^v d/covcravre? /cat 
 aTTO/c/xo-ewf etcrecr^e. Kat /xot Xe'ye ravra 
 
 ^t- 164 
 
 s, <f>v\rj<; TrpvTavcvovcrr)<; 'Epf^0rjf8o^, ySouA^s Kat (rrparrf- 
 y!av yvwfiri, CTrtiBi) <I>iAt7r7ros as /tev Karet\.r]<f>f TroAets TWV 
 ivas 8e iropOfL, K(^>aXatu> 8e CTTI T^V 'ATTIKTJI/ 
 Trapayiyvecr^ai, Trap* ovSev iTyov'/xtvos ras T^/AC- 
 epas (Tvv^ycas, /cat TOVS opcovs Avetv eTri/SaAAerat Kai T^
 
 76 AHMOS0ENOTS 
 
 Trapa(3a.iv<i)v ras Koivas Trio-Teis, 8c8dx$ai TT) 
 T<j> 8?7/A<{) TTffjiTreiv Trpos avTov Trpe'o-^Scis, otrive? avTw 
 /cat TrapaKaXe'crouo-iv avrov judXicrTa /Aev T)V Trpos ^/xas 6p,d- 
 voiav 8iarr)p(lv KO.I ras crw^/cas, tt Se /x^, irpos TO /3ov\v- 
 tracrOaL Sovvat ^pdvov T^ TrdAci KUI ras dvo^as 
 /ATJVOS. ripeOrjcrav CK 
 $Xi;a(rtos, BovXaydpa? ' 
 
 165 PETTI ap^ovros 'HpoTrv^ov, /xiyvos /x-owv^t&vos ?v>; Kai va, 
 iroXffJidpxov yvw/AT/, 7rei8^ ^>tXt7T7ros cis aXXorpioT^Ta &rj/3ai- 
 ovs Trpos i^fias 7rt/3aXXeTat KaTao~r;<rai, Trapeo-Ktt'acrTai 8e Kai 
 i TW o-Tparev/xaTt Trpo? TOVS eyyiora r^s 'Arrt/c^s Trapa- 
 TOTTOUS, 7rapa/3cuvwv ras Trpos T^ftas vrrap^ovo-as at'Tw 
 8e8d^^at T|J ftovXfj Kai T<3 8rJ/xa> irffjuf/ai Trpos avroi/ 
 Kai Trpeo"/?ts, oirtves aikrovo'i Kai TrapaKaXeo'ovo'tv 
 avrov Troiricrao-Qan. ras dvo^as, OTTWS ei'Se^o/xevws 6 8^/xos /8ou- 
 Xevo-rfrai ' Kai yap vw ov KCKpiKe fto-rjBtlv Iv ov&evl TWV /xe- 
 rpiwv. jjpe&jo-av CK ySouX^s Neap^os ^wo-tvd/xov, IIoXvKpaTT/s 
 ?, Kai Krjpv EUVO/X.OS 'Ava<XixrTios e* TOT; 8^/xov.J 
 
 166 Aeye 8^ /cai ra? a7roK/3i(Tts. 
 
 AIIOKPI2I2 A0HNAIOI2. 
 
 [Bao-iXcvs MaKcSdi/cji' 4>tXtTrTros 'A&pOMfV r^ ySovX^ Kai rui 
 Brjfjua ^aipeiv. ^v ftcv aTr' dp^s ct^erc Trpos r)fJ.a<; cupccriv, OVK 
 dyvoai, Kai TtVa o-Trov8^v Troitto-0 Trpoo-KaXc'o-ao-^ai 8ovX6fJ-fvoL 
 TTaXovs Kai rj/Jat'ous, Tt 8e Kai BOIWTOUS fieXnov 8 ' auroiv 
 fypovovvTwv Kai yu,^ /?ouXop,i/a)v c</> vjuiv Troi^o'ao'^ai TT/V 
 aipto-tv, dXXa Kara TO (rvfJL^tpov urrttftfaav, vv)v e 
 aTTO(rTtXavTCS v/u.ers Trpos /xe Trpeo-/3cis Ka
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 77 
 
 fJLvrjp.ovveT Kal TCIS dvo^as aiTtLO-Of, KOT' ov&cv v(f> r)p.(av TTC- 
 eyu> /teirci aKoveras rail/ TrpecryScuruii' crvyKaTu- 
 T(HS TrapaKaAov/AtVcis *ai CTOI/AOS fip-i Trouto-flai ras 
 a?, dv Trep TOVS OI'K 6p&(a; o-u/A/JoiAevoKras v/xtv 
 drt/xtus 
 
 AHOKPI2I2 0HBAIOI2. 
 
 [BatrtAcvs MaKeSdvwv 4>i'Ai7T7ros r)/3ai(av rff j3ov\y Kat TW 167 
 Siy/io) ^aipeiv. fKOfjLLa-d/j.7)v rrjv Trap' V/AWV eVwrToATyi', 8t' 175 ftot 
 T/)y opxJvoiav Kai T^V tip~qvr)v dvavfovcrdf. jruvOdvo/Jiai p-evrot 
 &LOTI iracrav vp.lv 'AOyvouot 7rpo<T<f>tpovTai ^(XoTip.Lav fiovXo- 
 P.CVOL v/xas oa^yKaraivovs yevtcrOai TOIS UTT avraiv 7rapaKaA.ouyu.t- 
 vots. TTporcpov /tcv ov^ vfjui)v KaTfyLyvuxTKov fTTi Tai pieAAeii/ 
 irei&fo-Qai rals tKfivtav eArncri KUI cTraKoAov^civ aurwy ry Trpo- 
 atpe'crei. vw 8' cTriyvovs {yxas TU Trpos T7/ias f^rjrrjKOTas f.\eiv 
 tlpyvyv /iaAAov ^ rar? erepajv 7raKoAov^etv yvcu/xai?, ija-Orjv Kal 
 /xaAAov rp;as CTraival /cara TToAAa, p.a.Xurra 8' e?rt TW ySovAcv- 
 <ra<r$ai Trcpt TOVTWI/ a<r<f>a\f(TTpoi/ KOL ra Trpos T^/AOS f\v ev 
 (vvoia oirep ov /xiKpav u/juv oi(Tiv eATTi^w poTTT^v, edv Trep CTTI 
 7775 Trp 
 
 Oura> Sta^et? 6 <3>t\t7T7ro? rag TroXet? TT^OO? aX- 168 
 Sta rovrwv, /cat rovrot? Trap0el<; rot? i//r^- 
 /cat rat? aTTOKpicrecrLv, rjKev 
 Kal rr)v 'EXcxretav KareXaftev, 
 et rt yeVotro ert (rv/x7rvevcrctfra>i/ ai^ 
 r)j3ai(t)v. aXXa /x^v rov rore cru/x 
 rry TrdXet Oopvfiov la-re uev aTravre?, jjiiKpa 8* 
 a/ovcrare o/xa>5 avra rd^ay/catorara. 
 
 yay> i^v, r)/<e 8' ayyeXXwj' rt? w? 169
 
 78 AHMOS0ENOT2 
 
 row? TrpuToVet? o>? 'EXdYeta /caTetX^Trrat. /cat 
 yuera ravra ol /ie> ev#us eava<TTdvTe<s p.Tav 
 SetTn/oiWe? row? r' e/c ra)i/ CTK^VCOV ruv Kara rrjv 
 dyopdv e&lpyov /cat TO, yeppa eVe7rt/A77y>acrai>, ot 
 Se row? err paLTrp/ovs /AereTre/xTrovro /cat roz> o^aX- 
 TTiyKTrjv tKoXovv, Kal Oopvftov TrX'/fp^S ^ "^ TrdXt?. 
 T^ 8' ucrrepata a/Aa rr? ^epa ot /xei/ irpVTavet? 
 TT)^ fiovXrjv eK<i\ovv et? TO fiovXevrrfpLOv, v/tel? 8' 
 et? TT)^ KK\-rjcTLav eTroptvecrOe, /cat Tryat 
 ^pry/xarto~at /cat TrpofiovXevcrai Tra? 6 SrJ/^to? 
 
 -70 Ka.6r)TO. /cat //.era ravra w? rjXOev rj fiovXr) /cat 
 aTrryyyetXa^ ot TrpvTaveis ra Trpocr^yyeX/xeVa e 
 7019 /cat TCW TIKOVTOL napijyayov /ca/cetvo? 
 rjpatTa fMi> 6 KTJpv " rt<? dyopevew ySovXerat ;" 
 S' ovSet?. TroXXa/cts Se rov KtjpvKos epa)- 
 ovbev p,aXXov dvto~rar' ovSet?, a.7rdvT(ov 
 O~T parrjy 'wi> TrapovrtDV, a.Tra.vT(av Se raiv 
 pr)Top(i>v, KaXova-rjs Se rr?? KOIVTJS TrarptSos 
 rov epovvO* vnep cra)Tr)pias ^i/ yap 6 
 Kara rou? vop.ov<; (fxijvrjv dfarjO'i, ravryjv 
 
 : 7 r T^? TrarptSo? 8t/catov ecmv riyeicrdai. /catrot ct 
 /xev rou5 <TtoQr\va.i rrjv TroXw /SovXo/AeVou? irapek- 
 Belv eSet, irai/res av v/xet? /cat ot aXXot ' 
 I'atot dvao-raVrcs eVt TO /Sr)fj.a e^8aSt^eTe 
 ya/3 oTS' oTt craiOrjvaL avrr)v eftovXeade et Se 
 TOU? TrXovcrtwTciTou?, ot TptaKocrtot et Se TOU>? 
 dfj.(j)6Tpa TavTa, /cat euvov? T^ vroXet /cat ?rXov
 
 IIEPI TOT STEt&ANOT. 79 
 
 o-toug, ot //.era raura rds /xeydXas eViSocreis eVt- 
 SoVres /cat yap evvoia /cat TrXourw rovr' eVotTj- 
 crai>. dXX' a>9 eot/cei>, e/cetvo? 6 /catpos /cat 17 172 
 r)p,epa e/cetV^ ov /zoVov evvovv /cat TrXoucrtot' av- 
 e'/caXet, dXXa /cat Trapr)KO\ov0-rjKOTa rot? 
 xys, /cat crvXXeXoytcr/xeVov op6a><; 
 e^e/ca ravr' eirpaTrev 6 <I>tXt7r7ro5 /cat rt y8ov- 
 \6jjievos ' 6 ya/3 /xr) raur' etSw? /ATyS' e^ra/cw? 
 our' et evi^ou? ^t* OVT' et TrXoucrto?, ou- 
 /xaXXov T7/xeXXe^ o rt ^17 iroieiv etcrecr#at ouS' 
 
 e^etv crvjjiftovXeveiv. fyounjv TOIVVV ouro? i?3 
 e/ceti^y r^ rjfjiepa lyd>, /cat Trape.\6iov eiirov et? 
 
 , a /xov Suoti' eVe/c' d/covcrare 
 rov vovv, ew? jiteV, tv* etS^re ort yaoVo? raiv 
 rcuv /cat TToXtreuo/xeVwt' eya> r^ 7*775 evvoias TCLLV 
 ev rot? Setvot? ou/c eXtTroi^, dXXa /cat Xe'yeov /cat 
 ypdtfxov l^Tatp^v ra Sebi>#' uTrep u/xaiv eV av- 
 Tot9 rot? (f>o(3epol<;, erepov Se, ort /u/cpov d 
 o~avre? yjpovov 7roXXa> TT^O? ra XotTra 
 TroXtreta? ecre/cr^' e/xTretpdre/aot. etTrov TOIVVV ort 174 
 " row? /xev a>g virap^ovTCDV QrjfiaLOJV 4>tXt7T7rw Xuw 
 dyvoelv ra irapovra. Trpdy/xa^' 
 ev yap otS' ort, et rovO* ouraj? ervy- 
 exv, OVK av avrbv r)KOVOp.ev iv 'EXareta 
 OVTOL, dXX' evrt ro?? T^/Aerepot? opiois. ort /xeVroi 
 tt*' erot/Lia Trotr^crT^rat ra ei^ Br^^Sat? 7//cet, o~a(^>a>? 
 eVurra/Aat. a)? 8' ^X et " ^ ( f >r ) l> > " TavTa, d/couo~are / 175
 
 8o AHMO2OENOT2 
 
 e/cetvo? oVovs 17 7reto-at 
 ^ c^aTraTT/crat ev^, aVavra? evr/aeVto-Tat, TOU<? 8' 
 aTr' o.px^}^ a.vOeo'TrjKOTas avra) /cat vw IVO.VTIOV- 
 tteVovs ouSa/xai? Tretcrai Swarat. rt ow fiovXe- 
 TCU, /cat TWOS V6Ka Trjv 'EXaTCtav 
 TrXrycrtov Svt'a/Ltt^ Set^a? /cat TrapacrTTycra? TO, 
 rev? /xe^ eavroO <f>i\ov<s cirapai /cat 6pacrei<s 
 <rat, TOVS 8' eva*>Ttov/xeVoi>5 /caraTrX^at, t^' ^ 
 crvy^pTJcrcDCTL (^o^^eVre? a vv^ ov/c e'#eAov<rti>, 
 
 176 ^ f$ia.cr6(i)(TLV. et /*> roivvv irpoaipr)cr6[JL0 ' 
 i7/tet5," e^v, " cv TO) irapovTL, et rt Svcr/coXoi^ 
 TreV/aa/crat QryySatot? 77/305 -^/xa?, rovrov fjiep,vrj- 
 crOai /cat aTTtcrreu' avrotg a>5 e^ TTJ raiv .^jdpa)v 
 
 OV(TL /OtCptSt, TTptoTOV fJiV O. O.V CV^atTO ^tXtTTTTO? 
 
 , etra ^)oy8ov/xat /XT) TrpocrSefa/xeVajv 
 avBeo'T'rjKOTcov avro) /cat jata y^aj/x^ 7raj> 
 t7T7rtcravTa>v et? r^v 'Arrt/c^ e\6<D<Tiv 
 d/x<^dreyoot. av /xeVrot TreicrOrJT e/xot /cat 77/309 
 ra> cTKOireiv aXXa /XT) ^)tXoi/et/cetv 7re/3t GJI^ ai/ 
 Xe'yaj yevf)O'9e, ot/xat /cat ra oYovra Xeyew So- 
 ^etv /cat rov e'^eo-TT^/cdra /ctVSwoi' rr^ TrdXet Sta- 
 
 177 Xvcretr. rt ovv (^Ti/xt Setv ; irpwrov fj.ev rov 
 Trapovra eTravelvai <J>6/3ov, etra /xera^e'cr^at /cat 
 
 Seuxwv eto"tv r^/xaiv eyyvrepa), /cat 
 avrot? eo-rtv 6 /ctvSu^o? eTretr' e^eX^di/ra? 'EXev- 
 o~tvaSe rows ev -^Xt/cta /cat rovs tTTTrea?
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 81 
 
 TTOLCTW vitas aurov? eV rots oVXot? oWa?, Iva rots 
 v Bry/Sat? fypovovcri rd v/xeVepa e' to~ov yeVrjrat 
 TO 7ra/3/3770-taecr#at trepl rwv St/cata>t>, iSoi/crti/ 
 ort, axrirep rot? 7rwXouo-t <l>tXt7r7ra> r^i/ TrarptSa 
 "^' 17 fior)0ij(TOVo'a Swa/xt? ^ 'EXareta, 
 rot? vTreya Try? \ev0pia. 
 
 TrdpxeO* v/xts erot/xot /cat 
 Tt9 eV' avrou? try. /ACTO. ravra ^etporo^rjcrat 178 
 
 8e/ca TrpecrySet?, /cat 7rot7jo~at rourou? /cv- 
 /u,era rwt' o-Tpa.Tr)ya>i> /cat TOU Trore Set 
 tt' e'/ceto-e /cat r^s e'^oSou. eVetSaj^ S' IX- 
 ot TTjoeV^Set? et? ry/Sa?, TTOJ? 
 TO) TT pay HOLT (. irapouvo) ; TOVTO> irdvv /otot 
 ^ere roi' i/ouv. /utr) 8eto~^at P)r)(3aL(ov /ATySeV (at- 
 0-^05 yap 6 /c<upo?) aXX' eVayyeXXecr^at y8o>^ 
 , lav /ceXeua)O"t^, a>5 eKeivcov OVTOJV ev rot? 
 i^/iai^ Se d^eivov TJ '/cetvot Trpoopajfj.- 
 V<DV, Iv lav fiv SegtovraL raura /cat 7reio-0a>criv 
 r)p.lv, /cat a fiov\6jjie0a atfjiev Stoj/cry/xeVot /cat /xera 
 7rpoo-^T7/zaros d^tov 777? TroXecu? ravra 
 eav o apa /XT) o-v/x^ /cararv^etv, eKtivoi 
 eaurots e'y/caXaia-ti/, ai/ Tt 1/0^ e'a/xa/3raVwcrt*>, 
 
 tt' 8e Sev alcrxpov /xTiSe Taneivov y 
 
 fj.vov. Tavra /cat TrapairXTjcria rovrot? eiiraiv 179 
 Kareprjv. crvveiraLvtcrdvTtov Se irdvTwv /cat ouSe- 
 etTTwro? IvavTiov ovSeV ou/c etnov fjiev ravra, 
 ey/aai//a Se', ovS' typaijja /xeV, ov/c luplcr^evcra 
 6
 
 82 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 Se, ovS' eVpe'crySevcra /xeV, ou/c eTretcra Se 
 
 OVS * dXX' 0.7TO TTJS dpfflS 
 
 oief)X0ov, /cat OO)K epavTov 
 TOV9 TrepiecrTrjKoras rf) TroXet /a^Swous. Kat 
 /aot ^>e/)e TO T//r^icrjaa TO TOTC yv6p,.vov. 
 180 KatTOt TtVa /3ovXet <re, Aio-^ti^, KCU TtVa e/xav- 
 TOI/ KLVT]v TT]v rjfjiepav elvoii 6o> ; ySovXet e/xatH 
 TOI^ jaeV, ov cb> cru XotSopou/xe^o? /cat &Lacrvpa)V 
 /caXeVais, BarTaXov, o~e Se fti^S' Tjpoja rov rv- 
 yovra. dXXa TOVTOJV Ttva Twt' 0,770 r^5 (TKrjvrjs, 
 KpecrtfiovTTqv f] KpeovTa ^ ov ev KoXXvT&J TTOTE 
 Olvo^aov /ca/cais Ifrerpi^a^ ; Tore roivvv KO.T 
 eKeivov rov Kaipov o Ilatavtev? eyw BctTTaXo? 
 OlvofJidov TOV Ko#<w/aSov crov TrXetoz/o? a^to? aii^ 
 rfj TraTptSt. <TU /xeV ye ouSe^ ouSa/xov 
 rjcrOa eya> Se TrdvTa, o<ra TrpocrrJKe 
 TOV dya6bv TToXiTTjv, tnpaTTOv. Aeye TO \jj-rj<f>L- 
 cr/xa jLtot. 
 
 AHMO2HENOY2. 
 
 l8l ["ETTI a/o^ovros NavcrtKAcovs, </>vX^S TrpuTaveuo^o-rys Atuvrt'Sos, 
 crKi/30</>op3vos CKTT/ tVt Se/ftt, ArjfjiOcrOfvrjs A^/xoo-^evors Hat- 
 avievs C'TTCV, eTretS^ ^lAtTTTros 6 MctKeSoi/wv ^ao-iXtus ev TC TW 
 ^oTt xpovw 7rapa^8atVcov (^atverai ras yeyo/^/xevas avrw 
 Trpos TOV 'A^vaiun/ ST^/AOI' Trept riys etp^v?;?, 
 op/fous Kat ra Trapa Tracrt roTs "EXX^crt vo/Aiop;eva 
 Strata, Kai TroXtis -jrapaipfiTai ovftev avrw 7rpocrr;KOV(ras, Ttvas 8e 
 Kai 'AQrjvatwv operas SopiaXwrov? TrtiroirjKCv ovBev TrpoaSt/cr/^ei? 
 VTTO TOU ST^LIOU TOV 'A^^vatwv, ev T T<5 irapovrt erri TroXv Trpo-
 
 IIEPI TOT ETE4>ANOT. 83 
 
 ayct Tfl Tf. ft fa Kai TV) W/AOTT^TI Kai. yap 'EAA^vtSas TrdAets as 182 
 p.ev e/i</>povpovs Trout Kai Tas TroAiTCias KttToAvci, Tivas Se Kai 
 e^avSpaTToSt^d/ACvos KaTaaKaTrret, eis evtas Se Kai dvri EAA^vajv 
 /3ap/?dpovs KaTOiKiet eVi TO. If pa xal TOVS Ta<ovs CTraywv, ovSo/ 
 dAAoTpiov TTOiuJv oirre 7~^s lavrov TrarptSos OVTC TOD rpoirov, Kat 
 T^ vvv avrai Trapoucrr; TV^J; xaraKOpcDS ^poi/Afvos, 7riA.eX7;o-/xi/os 
 cavrov OTI CK p.LKpov Kol Tov Tv^oWo? ye'yovcv dveA7rtcrTa>s /xeya?. 
 Kai ews /Acv rrdAeis ewpa Trapaipov/Aevov aurov (3apf3dpov<; xal 183 
 iSias, viTfXdufiavev tXarrov ctvai 6 8^/tos 6 'AApaiMV TO cts 
 aurov TrA^/x/xeAcio-^ai vvv 8e opoiv 'EAAr/viSas TroAeis ras ju,ev 
 ti^Spi^o/xevas TO.S 8e dvao-Tarous ytyvo/xevas, Setvov TTyeirat eivai 
 Kai dva^iov T^S TWV Trpoyovwv Sd^s TO Trepiopav TOVS EAA^vas 
 KaTaSovAou/AcVovs. 810 SeSoKTat TT) fiovXfi Kal TW 8^/Jua TW A.0r)- 184 
 vatwv, v^a/Avovs Kat $ixravras Tots ^fois fat ^paxrt TOIS 
 ^ouo"t T^/V TrdAiv Kat TT/V ^copav TT/V ' AOrjvaidiv, Kat evOvfj-rjO 
 r^s TWV TTpoydvtov dptT^s, StoTt Trept TrAttovos CTTOIOVVTO r^v TWV 
 'EAA^vwv fX.v6fpLav StaTT^pttv 17 T^V iStav TraTpiSa, 8iaKoo-ias 
 vavs KaOfXntiv ets TTJV PaAaTTav Kat TOV vavap^ov avaTrAetv 
 vros IIuAaiv, Kat TOV crrparrjyov Kat TOV Linrap^ov Tas Tre^as 
 Kat TO.S tTTTTtKas Swa/xets EAeuatvaSe efdyetv, Trt/j.\j/ai 8c Kai 
 TrpeV/Jets Trpos TOVS aAAovs "EAAr;vas, TrpwTov 8e TTOIVTCJV Trpos 
 r)(3aiov<i 8ta TO eyyvraTW ctvat TOV ^lAiTrrrov T^S eKetvwv ^aipas, 
 TrapaKoAetv Se avrovs /xr^Scv KaTaTrAaye'vTas TOV 4>tAt7T7rov CLVTC- 185 
 ^fcrOai rrjs lavTwv Kat T^S TWV aAAwv 'EAAr^vojv eAev^cpta?, Kai 
 OTI o 'AOrjvattDV S^ftos, ovScv /u,vr;o-tKaK(uv et TI TrpoTCpov ye'yovcv 
 dAAoTptov Tats TroAeo'i Trpos dAA^Aas, f3or)6-^<rci Kat 8vva/xeo"t Kat 
 ^pr^/xao't Kat (3f\e(ri Kat oVAois, etSais OTI avrots /xcv Trpos dAATy- 
 Aovs 8Lau<f>L<r(3rjTfiv Trept T^S ^yc/Aovt'as owtv "EAA^o-t KaAdv, 
 VTTO 8e dAAo^vAov dv^pwTrov apxto-Qai Kat r^s iTye/iovtas aTro- 
 o-Tepeur$at dvd^tov ctvat Kat T^S TWV 'EAA?;v(i>v 8df?;s Kat T^S 
 TWV Trpoydvuv dpeT^s. Tt 8e ovSe dAAdrptov i^yetTat etvat 6 186 
 'A.6r)vaiwv 8^/u.os TOV T/ySatwv 8^/xov ovre T^ o*vyyevcta ovrc TO>
 
 AHMOSBENOTS 
 
 ofio<j>v\<a. di/a/At/Av^o-Kerat 8e /cat ras TWV TrpoyoVwi/ TU>V eairrou 
 eis TOUS r)/3a.LW Trpoydvovs evepyeo-tas KUI yap TOVS 'HpaKAe- 
 ous TratSas aTroo-TepoiyAei/ous VTTO H(.\OTrovvr}cria>v TT^S Trarpwas 
 Karr/yayov, rots oVAots Kpar^o-avres TOWS avTifiaivfiv TTCI- 
 TOIS 'HpaKXeous cxydvois, fat TOV Oi&iirow KOL TOV? 
 /ACT' tKfivov fKirea-ovras vTreSe^a/Ae^a, Kat crepa TroAAa -^/xti/ 
 187 V7ra.px fi ^>tAdv^pco7ra Kat IvSo^a Trpos 7](3aiov<5 SioTrep ovSe vvv 
 a7ro<rTi^crTai 6 'A^vatcuv S^/AOS TWV 7^y8atots re KOI rots dAAots 
 />t^>Epoi'TO)v. cruv$e'o-#ai 8e Trpos aurows Kat oayx- 
 Kal 7riya/xtav 7roLr)cracr@cLi /cat op/cous Sowat Kat Xa/Bfiv. 
 ts &r)[Jiocr@evr)<; Aiy/too-^eVous ITatai/tevs, "^TrcpfiSrjg KAe- 
 dvSpou 2^)r;TTtos, M^o-t^et'S^s 'Avrii^dvavs ^ptdpptos, 
 2oj<^)tA.ou ^Aueus, KdAAatcr^pos AtoTtynov 
 
 188 Avrr) ra)V Trepl ij/3a.<; eyiyvero 
 
 KaTacrracrL^ Trpcorr), ra Trpo rovrwv et? 
 /cat fju<ro<; /cat aTri<TTia.v ra>v TroXeaiv VTrrj- 
 VTTO TOVTMV. TOVTO TO \fj-tj <^LO~ ^JLOL rov Tore 
 
 141. 'O8' etcrdycov -^v ty^us cts ras rj/3a<; Kaipos Kat <f>6j3u<i 
 KOL XP t ' a OVftfUtyuaSt dAA* ow A7/ju,ocr^evr^s, CTTCI Trept ye 
 TO.S TTpd^ets rpiia TO. Trdvrwv p-iyurra A^yu-ocr^ei/T/s cis v/xas 
 e, TTpwrov /xeV, on <J>tAt7r7rou TW yu.cv ovd/xart Tr 
 W 8' pyw 7roAi> /AaAAov /X.IO-OWTOS rj/3a.iov<>, ws awra ra 
 Trpdy/xara SeST/AwKe, Kat TI 8et TO. TrAetw Aeyctv; raura /tev ra 
 TT/AiKavra TO p.e'ye$os aTreKpvi^aTO, Trpoo-TroiT/o-d/xevos 8e /le'AAetv 
 T^V o-v/x/Aa^t'av yev^a-ea-dai oi> 8ta TOU? Katpovs, dAAa 8ia ras 
 UVTOI) Trpeo-^Setas TrpaJrov /ACI/ o-uvcVeto-e ror 8^/xov ft^KeVt /Sov- 
 142. CTTI Ttitri 8ft TroicicrOau. rrjv (rvfjifjua^iav, dAA' dya- 
 fjiovov, tt ytyi/erat, roSro 8e 7rpoAa^8a)v 1/cSorov /ACV TT/V Bot- 
 7rao*av fTroirjcrc r^^atots, ypdi/^as eV rai (//^^tV/^aTt, edv rts 
 a.<f>ia"rfjTaL TrdAts aTro 7//3ata)V, (3orj6eiv 'A^vatovs BOIOJTOIS rcTs 
 ev ;/?ais, rots ovd/xacrt KAeVrajv Kai /^eTa^epwv ra Trpdy/xara,
 
 HEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 85 
 
 rr) TrdXet Trepicrrdvra KLV&VVOV TrapeXOelv erroCr)- 
 crev ojcnrep ve<f>o<;. r\v fjiev roivvv rov OLKCLLOV 
 TroXtrou rore Set^at rracriv, et TL rovrcov ei^ey 
 d^eivov, [Jirj vvv eVtrt/Aai'. 6 yap cru/u/SouXos /cat 189 
 6 <TVKO(f>dvTY)s, ouSe ra>v dXXajv ov$ev eot/core?, 
 iv rovro) TrXetcrro^ aXA.i^Xcoi' Statfrepovcriv 6 
 ye Trpo TWV Trpayp-drotv yva>jj.r)v aTroc^aiVerat, 
 
 StSwCTtV OLVTOV VTTtvOvVOV T<HS TTL(T0el(TL, T^ 
 
 TW /cat/aw, ra> y8ovXo/xeV&> 6 Se crtyifcra? ^tV 
 eSet Xeyeti', eu' rt Svcr/coXot* (TVfJL/3rj, rovro /3a- 
 (TKaivei. fy p.ev ovv, orrep LTTOV, e/cet^o? 6 /cat- 190 
 
 rov ye (frpovrii^ovros dvopbs rfjs TroXew? /cat 
 il/ St/cata>^ Xoycov eya> Se ro&avrrjv vrrep/3o\r)v 
 , wcrre av vvv e^r) rt? Set^at rt 
 
 etco^ev, 019 TOU? Botwrous py<j* /ca/cws Tratr^oi/Ta? r^v TOJV 
 6vofjLa.T<i)v crvvOf(TLv TOIV A>7/xocr^eVovs aya.Tnycroi'Tas, aAA' ov 
 Xoi/ <' ois /ca/cais 7T7rov^crai/ ayava/CTr^croi/Tas 143. 
 8e nof cis TOV TToAeyu-ov ai'aXwyu.aTaJv ra p.ev 8vo [tcpr] vp.lv 
 
 KtV, OIS ^O-ai/ aTTtOTCpCO Ol KLvSvVOL, TO &C TptTOV /Llt'pO? TJ 
 
 8wpo8oKt!ij/ e^)' KaoTois TOUTWV, cai T^V TjyffjiovMV rrjv fjikv Kara 
 6aX(ttTa.v 7roirj(T Kowrjv, TO 8' avaXwfia iStov v/xerepov, r^v 8e 
 Kara -y^v, et /A^ Set Xrjptlv, apSrjv ^>epwi/ aveOrjKf ^aiois, wcrre 
 Trapa TOV yevo/xevov TrdXe/xoi/ )n^ nvpiov ycveV^at 2rpaTOcAa TOV 
 (TTpaTfjyov (3ovhevo-ao-6a.i Trept TT;? TWV o-TpartcoTuiv o-co- 
 144- * at TttOr ov/c cyw ju,ev Karrj-yopta, eTCpot 8c Trapa- 
 A.et7TOWiv, dAXa /cayw Xeyw Kat TravTes cTTiTt/u.aio't Kat v/ici9 o~uv- 
 io-T feat OUK opyi^ecr^c. cxctvo yap TrcTrov^aTC Trpos &r)p.oo-0ein/}v 
 (rvvtiOtfrOf. yor) Ta8icr//taTa TO, TOVTOU aKoueiv, OJO-TC ou 
 ^CTC. Set 8e oi^ OUTWS, dAA.' dyava/CTtrv Kai Tifuapclo-Oai, ei 
 Ta XotTra TQ TroAei KoAais X e6v>
 
 86 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 r) oXeus et Tt aXXo evrjv TrXrjv aiv 
 a$LKLV OjnoXoyai. et yap ecr$' o Tt Tts vvv ewpa- 
 /cev, o crvvrivzyKev av Tore Trpa^Bev, TOUT' e'yw 
 Setv fjie fjir) XaOelv. et Se /XT^T' ecrrt 
 ' av ziTreiv e^ot /AT^Set? /x^SeVcu /cat 
 
 , Tt TOV O-VfJL/BovXoV ^XP^ V VOitLV ; OV TO)V 
 
 <f>aii>o'iJieva)i> /cat evovrwv ra /cpctrtcrra eXe'cr^at ; 
 
 ipl TOVTO TOLVW eVot^CTtt, TOV KljpVKOS epCOTOJVTO?, 
 
 Aicr^tV^, " rts ayopevetv /3ovXerat ;" ou " Tt? 
 atrtacr^at Trept rai^ Trape\r)\v06Ta)v," ovSe " rt? 
 eyyvacrOai ra /xeXXo^r' ecrecr^at." croi) S' a<f)(o- 
 vov /car' e/cet^ov TOU? ^povovs eV rat? e/c/cXi^crtat? 
 
 KaBrj/jLevov ey&> Trapuuv eXeyov. evretS^ 8' ou 
 
 / > \ \ \ ^ > >\/*\/ </ > 
 
 Tore, aXXa vvi' oet^oi'. etTre rt? -^ Xoyo?, oi'Ttv 
 
 e> XP^ v tviropelv, f) /catpo? crv^eptov vn e/xoi) 
 7rape\ei(f)0r) TYJ TroXet ; rt? Se o"vyu,yu,a^ta, rts 
 TT/aa^t?, e</>' ^ jaaXXov eSet /xe dyayet^ TOVTOVCTL ; 
 
 192 'AXXa jot^i/ TO /xei' irap\r)\v6b<; det Trapa TTOLCTIV 
 d^etTat, /cat ouSets Trept TOVTOV TrporlOrjcriv ov- 
 Sa/zou fiovkrjv TO Se /xeXXo^ ^ TO irapov ryv TOV 
 crvfj./3ovXov Ta.^iv aTratTet. TOTC rolvvv ra 
 'fjfj.eXXev, ws e'Sd/cet, TOJI^ Sett'wv, TO, S' 
 
 iv ol<s TYJV 7Tpoaipe(TLv H.QV cr/coTret T^9 vroXtTetas, 
 //.i) TO, <rv(j.(3dvTa <TVKO(f>di>TeL. TO /xe> yap Trepas, 
 a>5 av 6 Sat/u,a>v j3ovXr)@r], TrdvTaiv ytyveTat 17 
 Se 7rpoatpeo~t5 atT^ TT)V TOU (rvfji/BovXov Stavotav 
 
 193 Si^Xot. /w,r) S^ TOVTO ci>5 aSt/cr^/xa e/jtov ^s, et
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 87 
 
 crvvtfirj 
 
 060) TO TOVTOV T\O5 f)V, OVK CftOt. ttXX' OS 
 
 ocra evrjv KO.T dv0pa>TTLVOv Xoytoytoi; etXd- 
 , Kal St/catcu? ravra /cat 7rt/xeXa>5 eirpa^a 
 
 V7T6/3 OVVO.fJ.LV, f) O>5 OU KttXa /CCU 
 
 cx^ta Tr^ay/xara eVecrr^cra/A^j/ /cat dvay- 
 /cata, raura /u.ot Set^ov, /cat TOT' ^817 /caT^yd/aet 
 /Ltov. et 8' 6 o-v/LtySas CT/C^TTTO? ^ povov rjfjLutv 194 
 dXXa /cat trdvratv TO>V aXXatv 'EXX^cov LLeiljuv 
 yeyove, TL XP^i wi*tw ; utcnrep av et Tt? vavK\r)- 
 pov TTO.VT eVt o-a>rr)pLa Trpd^avra /cat /caTacr/cevd- 
 aravTa. TO TT\OLOV a(f> y 
 crBaL, etTa ^et/xai^t xpr}o~dfjievov /cat 
 
 TO>V o~Ktva)v rj /cat o-vvTpL@VTO)V 
 
 atTi&jTo. dXX' OVT' eKvftcpvtov Trjv vavv, 
 <f>t]o-eLev civ, cocnrep ovS* ecrTpcLTTJyovv eyw, ovre 
 
 T>j5 TU^9 KVpLOS T\V, (IXX* KLVT) TfOV TfdvTtoV. 
 
 dXX' e/ceti/o Xoyt^ou /cat opa et /xeTa QvjfiaLatv 195 
 
 ofjiVOL<; OVTWS t)aa/3TO irpaa.L, Tt 
 i' irpocrooKav, et ///^Se TOVTOV? O~^ofj.v crv/x- 
 
 dXXa, ^>tXt7T7Tft> TrpOO~0VTO, V7Tp OV TOT* 
 
 e'/ceti'os TTcto-a? d(f>rJKe <f)<t)vd<s ; /cat et vvv TpLatv 
 r)p.epa>v avro TT)? 'ATTt/c^s 6S6j/ TrJ? /ACI^? yevo- 
 fte'n^? TOO-OVT09 /aVoWo? /cat (^0/805 TrepteV 
 7roXu>, Tt cti^, et TTOV TTjs ^(apa<s TavTO TOVTO 
 o~vvej3r), Trpoo~ooKrjo~aL XP*) 1 ' > ^P ^ (T ^ y TL vvv 
 
 CTTrfVCLL, O-VV\6eLV, O.VO.TfVf.VdCLL, TToXXct
 
 88 AHM020ENOT2 
 
 r)fjLpa /cat Suo /cat rpeis ZSocrav rmv et5 
 
 TrdXet, rare S', OVK a^iov eiirelv, a ye 
 ireipav e8a>/ce 0ea)v TWOS evvoiq, /cat rw irpc- 
 rrjv irokiv Tavrrjv TT)V cru/A/xa^tat', 179 
 (TV Karrj-yopels. 
 
 196 v Ecrrt Se raurt Travra JAOL TO. TroXXa Trpos vy 
 aVSpes St/cacrrat, Kat rov9 Tre^otecrr^Kdra? 
 
 Kal a/c^ooft>/x,eVou?, eVet Trpds ye TOUTO^ roi^ /carct- 
 
 TTTVCTTOV /Bpa^vs Kal <Ta(j)r)s e^TJpKtt, Xdyo?. ei 
 
 /xef ya^o ^i/ crot TrpoSyXa ra ^e\\ovra, 
 
 /xoVa> r<wz> aXXcuv, or' eySouXeve^' 17 770X15 
 
 TouTwr, TOT' eSet TrpoXeyeiv. el Se // 
 
 7775 avT-fjs ayvoias VTrevBvvos eT rot? aXXois, axrre 
 
 ri fjiaXXov e/xov cru raura Kar^yoyoets ^ eyw o~ou ; 
 
 197 TOCTOVTOV yap a^eivwv eyw crou TroXtr^? ye'yova 
 ei5 aura ravB* a Xe'ya> (/cat OUTTW vrept TWI^ aXXaiv 
 8taXeyo/xat), ocrot' eya> jitev eSw/ca epavTov et5 TO, 
 TTacrt So/cowra (TVfJi<f>epii>, ovSeVa KW^VVOV oKvrj- 
 
 w o<\ / N ^ v v /3 v 
 
 o~a5 totoi^ ovo VTToXoyto~a/xe^O5j cri> oe out7 erepa 
 et7re5 ySeXrtcu TOVTWV (ov yap av rouroi5 e 
 ovr' et5 raura OTcrttov ovSe^ cravrov 
 
 oirep 8' cu> 6 (^auXdraro5 /cat Svcr/u,ei'e / crTaTO5 av- 
 
 6p<t)TTOS Trj TTo'Xet, TOVTO TTeTTOnqKaJS CTTt TOt5 CTVjU.- 
 
 ftacriv e^rao-at, /cat ayaa 'Apto-rparo5 eV 
 /cat 'Apto-rdXew5 ez' ctcroj, ot KaOdirat; 
 rov5 'A^WUftW' Kpivovcri 
 
 /car^yo/oet.
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 89 
 
 /CtttTOt OTO) TO. TO>V 'EXX^^O)^ OLTV^TJfJiaTa eVcvSo- 
 
 KifjLLV oVe'/cetro, oVoXwXeVat fiaXXov ovrd? ecrrt 
 St/catos 17 KOLTTiyoptiv erepov /cat ora> 
 oi avTol Kcupoi /cat rots TTJS 
 OVK eve TOVTOV evvovv elvaL rrj 
 
 8^X015 8e /cat * wt' 4]?? ^at Trotet? /cat 
 /cat TraXiv ov TToXtrevr;. TrparreTat Tt rai^ 
 So/cowrwi' (rviJi(f>epeLv ; a^xwvo? 
 Kpovae rt /cat ytyovev olov OVK eSet ; 
 Ai(r\ii'rj<s, axnrep ra prjyfjiaTa /cat ra 
 orav rt KO.KOV TO <rw/u,a Xd/3r), Tore /cti'etrat. 
 
 '7761817 Se TToXug rot? (rv[ji/3efir)K6(rw ey/cetrat, 199 
 ySovXo/^at rt /cat Trapdoo^ov eiTrelv. /cat /Ltov 77^09 
 Ato? /cat ^eai^ /ii^Setg r^v vTrepftoXrjv 
 aXXa /aer' evvota? 6 Xeyw ^ewpr^crartu. et 
 arracrt TTpobrjXa. ra /LteXXovra yeivjo~o~0ai, /cat 77/30- 
 , /cat o~u npovXeyes, Ato-^ti^;, /cat 
 ftoatv /cat /ce/c/aayw?, o? ot>S' e<^^ey(w, 
 ouS' ovrw5 a77ocrrareo^ rrj 77oXet rourwv ^v, et 776/9 
 17 80^175 17 irpoyovwv rj TOV /xeXXo^ro? atoi^o? et^e 
 Xoyoi'. vvi^ /oteV ye airorvyeiv So/cet rw^ 77/aay/xa- 200 
 rajy, 6 77ao~t KOLVOV earnv avOp<t)TTOi<s, OTO.V rw 
 raura 8o/c>) rare 8' aftovo-a Trpoecrroivai 
 dXX(av, etr' a77oo"rao~a rourov, 4>tXt7777Cj 77/3oSe8a>- 
 /ceVat iroivTas av ecr^ev atrta^. et ya/3 ravra 
 77poetro a/covtrt, 77ept aii^ ovSeVa KLV^VVOV ovnv 
 ot irpoyovoi, rt? ou^t /care'77ruo"P
 
 90 
 
 av (TOV ; /AT) ydp TTJS 7rdXe<w9 ye, ^1170 e//,ov. 
 
 201 rtVi S' 6(#aX/AOt9 7r/>09 Ato9 eojpatpev av TOVS et9 
 TT)I> 7rdXti> dv0p<t)TTOv<s d^t/c^oujueVoi^, et ra /xei^ 
 IT posy par ec? oVeyo ^v^t Treptecrr^, rjyefjLCJV Se /cat 
 
 <E>tXt7T7ro5 a-rrdvrwv, TOV 8' VTrep TOV 
 yei^ecr^at raOr' dyai^a erepot 
 TTCTrotTy/xeVot, /cat ravra 
 
 Tots e^irpoo-Bt ^poi/ot? 
 r) rot' vTrep rai^ 
 
 202 rjpiy/xeV^? ; rt? yap ou/c oTSev 'EXXTyi/tov, rt? Se 
 fiapfidpCDV, ort /cat irapa <dr)(BaL(ov /cat Trapa 
 TO>V ert rourw^ Trporepov lar^vpcov yevo^evuiv 
 Aa/ceSat/AO^twv /cat Trapa TOV Tlepcroiv ySacrtXew? 
 //.era TroXXr^? ^aptros rovr' a^ dfr/xeVco? e$6@rj rf) 
 TroXet, o rt ySovXerat Xaftovcry /cat ra eavrr]? 
 e^ovcry TO KeXevopevov Troielv /cat ed^ erepov ra>v 
 
 203 'EXX^wv TrpoecrrdVat ; dXX* ov/c T)I> rav0\ cL? 
 eot/ce, rot? rare 'A$rpatot9 Trarpta ovS* d^e/crd 
 ovS' jJi<f>vTa, ovS' r)$vi>TJ0r) TrwTrore TT)^ 
 ovSet? e/c TTavrbs TOV ^povov Tretcrat rot? 
 oucrt /xez^ /x,r) St/cata Se Trpdrrovo'L Tr 
 dcr<f>a\a)<s SouXevetv, dXX' dycoi't^oyaeV^ Trept 
 reiwv /cat Tt/u/rj? /cat 80^17? /ctvSv^euovcra 
 
 204 TOI> aia)va StarereXe/cev. /cat ravO' OVTGD 
 
 /cat TrpocnJKOvTa rot9 v/xerepot? TJ0criv vfjieis vrro- 
 Xa/AySaVeT* eti^at, QJO~T /cat rwr Trpoyovaiv TOV$ 
 ravra 7rpdt;avTa<$ /xdXto-r' eVawetre. et/cdrw9
 
 TIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 91 
 
 Tt? ya/> ov/c av ayacratro raw dv$pu>v e/cetz>a)i> 
 perf)?, ot /cat Tr)v ^a>pav /cat TT)I> TTO\IV e/cXt- 
 vTre/xeivai' 19 ras ryat^pet? e/X)8dVTes VTre/> 
 rov /AT) TO /ceXevo/xevoi^ Trot^crat, TOV /xei/ ravra 
 o-vfj-povXevo-aitTa e/xtfTTo/cXe'a o-Tparrjyov 
 p.evoL, TOV S* vnaKOveus a.Tro<f>r)vdiJivoi> rot? 
 TarTO/xeVot,? KvptriXov /caraXt^cocrai'Te?, ou 
 OLVTOV, dXXa /cat at yv^at/ce? at u/xerepat TT)V yv- 
 vat/ca avrov. ov yap I&JTOVV ot TOT' 'A^t'atot 205 
 OUTC ptJTOpa ovre err paTTjybv 8t' OTOV SovXevcrov- 
 , dXX* ouSe ^v rj&ovv, et /XT) /XCT' e'Xev^e/ota? 
 TOUTO Trotetv. -rjyeiro yap avrwv e/cao-TO? 
 TTarpl Kol TY) /ATjTpt /xovov yeyc^o~^at, 
 dXXa /cat TTJ TraTptSt. 8ta^>epet Se Tt ; oTt 6 
 Tot? yoi^evcrt [LOVQV yeyevrjcrOai vopltjuv TOV 
 et/xaptteVT)? /cat TOV auTo/xaTov Bdvarov 
 6 Se /cat TTJ TraTptSt vTre/) TOV /AT) Tavrrjv eT 
 SouXevovcrai/ diro6mj(TKeiv effeXijo'ei, /cat 
 
 fo-eTat Ta? v/3pets /cat Ta? aTt/xta?, a? 
 SovXevovo~i7 TT^ TroXet <f>pew dVdy/oi, TOV 
 
 Et /xet' TOLVVV rovr lire^eipovv Xeyav, a? eya> 206 
 npOTJyayov v/xcts a^ta TWI^ Trpoyovatv <f>povelv, ov/c 
 ecr^' ocrTt? ov/c av et/coTtw? e7rtTt/xi7o~ete /xot. vvi/ 
 8' eyw /xev vtieTe'pas Tag TotavTa? vrpoat/jeVet? 
 atVw, /cat Set/cvv/xt OTI /cat TT/)O ettov TOVT' 
 TO (f>p6vrjfj.a r) 770X15, TT^? /xeWot Sta/covta?
 
 92 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 /cat 
 
 207 tteretvat <f>r)fju, ovros Se TO>I> oXwv Kartjyopatv, /cat 
 
 u/xa? ettot Trt/cpajs ^X LJ/ ^ <f>6j3cov /cat 
 aiTta> rij TrdXet, r^s /xei' 19 TO irapov 
 fte a.Tro<TTepfjcraL yXt^erat, ra 8' et? 
 ra TOZ^ XoiTroi' y^povov ey/cw/Ata vp-iav d^ai 
 t ya/3 a? ov ra /SeXno-ra C/AOV TroXtreucra/xeVou 
 rovSt /carai//^^>tet(T^e, ^/xapr^/ceVat So^ere, ou TT; 
 T^? ru^5 ayva^jioa-vvri ra crv/i/3avra 
 
 208 dXX ov/c CCTTLV, OVK <TTLv OTTOJ? r^JL<ipTeTe, 
 'A0r)valoL, TOV VTrep rrj? aTrdvTajv eXev^e/ata? /cat 
 creor^pi'a? KLV&VVOV dpafjievoL, /xa rous Mapa6a)i>L 
 7rpoKii>$vvvo-avTa<; TMV irpoyovw /cat rou? eV 
 TlXaratat? Trapara^a/xeVou? /cat rovs eV SaXa/xt^t 
 i/av/xa^cravra? /cat rous eV 'Ayare/xtcrtw /cat 
 TroXXovg erepovs rovg eV rot? Sry/xoo-tots /xi^yaacrt 
 
 dya^ov? dvSpa?, ov? aTrai/ras 6/xotw? 
 
 1 8 1 . "Ort Se 6p6*ws Xey 
 
 TTorepov vp.iv a/xtivwv dv^p eivat SOKCI /AierTO<A^s o 
 ?, or ev TT) 2aAa/x.i>/t vav/Aa^ia TOV IltpoTjv evt/carf, 
 17 Ar;/AO<T^ev7;s o r^v rdf iv AITTWI/ ; MtArta87;s 8e 6 r^v ev Ma- 
 TOVS y8apy8apovs vt/c^cra9, >) OVTO? ; en 8 ' 01 a7ro 
 TOV &TJJJ.OV Karayayovres ; 'AptcrTet'S^s 8' 6 8t- 
 Kaio?, 6 T-^V dvo/xoiov e^wv eTrtawp-iav ArjfjLOfrOfvct. ; 182. aAA.' 
 eywye p,a Toi>9 0eovs TOVS 'OAv/xTriovs ovS ' eV rats avrais i^/nepais 
 d^iov r}yovfj.ai /xe/XK^cr^ai TOV Or/ptov TOVTOV KOI lutivwv TWV dv- 
 8po)v. eViSei^aTa) TOIKUV ^r)fjLO(rdfvr}<s ev Tai avrov Xoyw, et TTOV 
 yeypaTrrai Tiva TOJV dv8pa>v TOVTWV crTf(f>av(jjcrat. d^dpwTTO? ap' -^f 
 6 S^/ios ; ov/c, dAAa /xeyaAo^ptuv, Ka.Kfi.vot ye ot /i^
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 93 
 
 770X15 Trys avTrjs 
 
 j, ov^l TOVS KaTopQaKravTas avTa>v ouSe 
 KpaTTJcravTas p6vov<s. St/catojs o /xeV yap 
 j)v dv$pa>v ayaOtov epyov, aVacrt TreVpa/CTat, rry 
 v 6 Sat/xw^ evf.Ln.tv e/cacrrot?, ravrry 
 
 eireiT, a) Kardpare KCU ypa/x/x,aro/cu- 209 
 v, cru /ii/ rrj? Trayoa rourw^t rt/x^s /cat <f>L\av- 
 wrria<; IjU,' aTrooTep^crat ^SouXo/xei^og rpoVata 
 /cat TraXata e/oya eXeye?, aiv rtVo? Trpoa-- 
 eSetro 6 irapatv ayaiv ovrocrt ; e/xe 8e, a> rpira- 
 ywi/tcrra, TOJ/ Tre/at raiv TrpcoTeitov (rvfjifiovXov rfj 
 TroXet Trapiovra TO TLVOS (f)p6vrjfj.a Xa/SovT* dvaftaLi- 
 vf.iv eVt TO ^rjft' eSet ; TO TOV TOVTWV d^a^ta 
 
 St/cata>5 ^teW a^ aTredavov errel 210 
 v/Aa9, avS/ae? 'A^vatot, avro TrJ? avTrJ? Sta- 
 Set Ta? Te tStas St/ca? /cat Ta? Si7/xoo*ta5 /cpt- 
 dXXa TO, /xev TOV /ca^' rjjjiepav yStou o~v/xy8o- 
 Xata eVt TO>^ tSt'wv vop,a)v /cat ep-ycov (TKOTTOVVTCLS, 
 TCI? Se /coivas TT/joatpeo-et? et? Ta TCUV Trpoyovw 
 aTro/SXeVoi'Ta?. /cat TrapaXa/xySct^etv ye 
 
 7-175 TroXcws aioi ov yap WOVTO 8eiv ev TOIS ypa/Aymacri 
 dAA. ev TT) fJLVtjp.rj TWV cv TreTrovporwv, 17 O.TT' cKctVou TOV 
 
 avaros ovo-a 8ia/xev. Swpeas Se Tt'va$ 
 eort ftVTrjo-Or]vai. 259. &fp.L(TTOK\ca 8 
 Kai TOVS cv Mapa^wn TcXeirrr/craKras *cai TOV? ev IIAaTaiars fat 
 
 ttUTOUS TOVS TaC^OVS TOVS TOV TTpOyOVUH/ OVK oi(.<T&(. OTCVOtf tV, Cl 6 
 
 /XCTOL TWV (3ap/3dp(av 6/xoXoyouv TOIS "EAAi^riv avTiTrpaTTeiv <rr-
 
 94 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 ry fiaKTypLa /cat TOJ o-v/A/So'Xw TO (j>p6vTrjfj.a 
 
 TO TTJS TToXetOS VOjJiitf.IV KaO~TOV VfJLOiV Set, OTO.V 
 
 TO. Siy/Ao'crta etcrt^re KpivovvTes, et Trep a^ta e'/cei- 
 i>a>i> TTpOLTTew otecr#e -^p-rjvai. 
 
 211 'AXXa yap e^necrajv ets TO, TreTrpay/Jieva roT? 
 vfJLatv ecrrtv a raiv ^^to-yaarw^ Trapc- 
 Kal TO)v TraOevTCDV. Trave\Beiv ovv, oiroBev 
 
 'H? yap d^t/cd/AC^' et? ra? >y/3a<?, 
 vop.ev <l>tXt7r7rov /cat BeTraXwv Kat raij' 
 (rvfjifjid^ajv irapovTas TrpeVySet?, /cat rov? 
 repov? <^)tXov? ei' ^dySw, rov? 8' e'/ceti^ov 
 OTL 8' ov vv^ ravra Xeyw rov crv/x<^epo^ro? eVe/ca 
 e/xavrw, Xeye /xot r^ eVtcrroX^ ^i/ rdr' eVe)u.i//a- 
 212 yu.et' evffvs ot TrpeV/Set?. /catrot Tocravrr) y vtrep- 
 ftoXfj (TVKO<f>avTia<; OVTOS /ce^p^rat, wo-r' et />teV 
 rt rwi/ Sewra>v eTrpd^Orf, TOV Kaipov, OVK e/xe' 
 <f>rjo~iv OLLTLOV yeyevrjcrffai, raiv o a><s erepa)? o~v/x- 
 
 j3a.VT(t)V OLTTOLVTOIV fJL KO.I Tr)V IfJJTjV TV^TJV aLTLCLV 
 
 elvai. /cat w? eot/cez^, 6 cru/x,/3ouXo<? /cat prfrup e'ya; 
 TO)J> /u.ei' e/c Xoyov /cat rov /3ovXevo-acr#at ?rpa- 
 
 137. 'AAA' ot/Aai, OVTC ^pwwvSas owe Evpu/Jaros our' uAAos 
 TrojTrore TOJV TraAat Trovrjpwv TOIOVTOS ^tayos KUI yo^s ye- 
 vero, os, w yJ} >cat ^eot Kat Sai/xoves KCU avOparn-ot. ocroi ySov'Aecr^e 
 d/covetv TttA^?}, roX/xa Xe'yeiv ySXeVwv ets TO. TrpocrajTra ra i/At- 
 repa, a>? a/aa @rjj3oLOL ryv a-vp.p.ayia-v iquv eTroi^o-avro ou 8tu. TOV 
 
 KdlpOV, OV Sttt TOV ^)O/8oV TOV TTfpKTTUVTa ttVTOUS, Ot> 8ta T)v VyU.- 
 
 Ttpav Sofav, dXXa Sia Tas Ar;/xoo-^vous 8?;yu.7yyoyoi'as.
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE3>ANOT. 95 
 
 ovSeV avrw awatrto? elvai So/cai, TOJV 
 8* eV rots oVXotg /cat /caret r)i> crrpar^ytW a 
 9evT(i>v /xoVos atrto? eu>at. TTCO? av 
 (rvKO<f)dvT7)<; yeVotr' 17 /cara/aaro're/aos ; Aeye 
 
 EHI2TOAH. 
 
 Toivvv TronjcravTO rrjv KK\7)(TLav, 213 
 irpo(rrj'yoi> e/cetVov? trpoTepovs ota TO 717^ rw^ 
 CT'v/x/xa^cot' rd^iv e/cetVovg e^eiv. /cat napeXdov- 
 T<s eS^/x^yo'pov^ TroXXa /tei' <&tXt7T7ro^ ey/ccu/xta- 
 
 TToXXtt 8' U/XGJV KOT^yOpOVVT^, TTOivO^ O(TO. 
 
 btUTta eV/aa^are Q^ySatot? 
 TO 8' ow K(f)dXaiOi>, -q^iovv &v 
 
 V TTTr6v6<Ta.V VTTO ^>tXt7T7TOU yapw aVTOU? (XTTO- 
 
 t' 8' v<' vjjLatv ^St/CT^^ro SiKrjv \af3eiv, 
 fiovXovraL, fj SteVras avrou? e^>' 
 -^ crv^e/x^aXoVra? t? r^v 'Arrt/c^, /cat e 
 a-av, a>? WOI/TO, e/c /xe^ wv avrot crvve/SovXevov 
 TO. e/c rr}s 'Arrt/crJ? /8oo-/CT7/xaTa /cat d^S^aTroSa 
 /cat raXX' ayaOa et? rr)v Botwrtav r)ovra, e/c Se 
 aiv ^/xct? epett' ecfracrav ra ev rrj Botturta StapTra- 
 o-^cro'/xeva VTTO rov TroXe/xov. /cat dXXa TroXXa 
 
 7T/305 TOVTOt?, t? TaVTO, Se TTOLVTOL <TVVTZIVOVT eXe- 
 
 yoi/. a 8' T7/xet? TT/OO? ravra, ret jaez; /ca^' e/cao-ro: 214 
 eyw /uei> di'Tt Tra^ro? av n^oraL^v etTreti/ TOU 
 yStou, v/xds Se Se'Sot/ca, /x^ TrapeXrjXvBoTCDi'
 
 96 AHMO20EXGT2 
 
 , tocrirep av el KOI /caTa/cXvor/aoy yeyevrj- 
 cr6ai TWV TTpa.ypa.Twv yyovfjievoi, fj.a,Ta.Lov o^Xov 
 rovs irepl rovTtoV Xdyovs vofj.icrr)Te o rt S ' ovv 
 lTTi(rap.v 17/xet? /cat rjfjiiv aneKpivavTO, a/covcrare. 
 Aeye ravrt Xafifav. 
 
 0HBAION. 
 
 215 Mera TO.VTO, roivvv eKoXovv v/xa? /cat 
 
 TTOVTO. e^fjre, e/Bo-r)6elT, Iva. TO.V /xecra> napa- 
 Xeiira), ourcu? ot/cetw? v^aa? eSe'^ovro, <3crr' e^w 
 Tait' OTrXtraiv /cat raiv iTnreatv OVTUV et? ra? ot/cta? 
 /cat TO dcrru Se^ecr^at r^v crrpaTLav eVt TratSa? 
 /cat yvt'at/ca? /cat rot rt/xtwrara. /catrot r/Dta eV 
 KLV7) Tfl ypepa iraoriv av0pd>Troi<s ISet^av 
 /xta @^^8atot /ca#' v/xa)v TO, /caXXtcrra, 1^ 
 , erepov Se St/catocrvK^?, rp'nov Se 
 /cat yayD TOV dywi^a /xctXXo^ /xe 
 17 ir/30? u/xa? eXo/aevot 7ronjo-acr0a.L /cat d 
 ett'at /cat St/catdre/o' d^tovi' v/xd? eKpivav <>iXtV- 
 TTOV /cat TO. Trap' aurot? /cat 7ra/)d Trdcrt S ' e*' 
 7rXet<TT]7 <j>v\a.Kf), TratSa? /cat yv^at/ca?, 
 Trot^travre? cro)(j)pocrvi^<; TTICTTLV Trepl vf 
 
 216 re? eS^t^a^. eV of? Trdcrti^, avSpes 'Affrjvcuoi, Kara 
 y vfjias op0a)<; (f)dvr)crav eyvaKores. oure ydyo et? 
 r^ TrdXti/ etcreX&Wo? TOU (rrparoTreBov ouSet? 
 ov8e^ ovSe dSt/caj? Vju,rv ez/e/cdXeo'ev 
 
 <f>pova$ 7ra/3e(7XT v/xds avrovs Sts re
 
 IIEPI TOT TE3>ANOT. 97 
 
 TCL<S 7rpa*Ta<?, TTV r et TOV TTOTa/xou 
 /cat rrjv ^e^epivrfv, ov/c d/xe'/xTrrovs povov u/xd? 
 CLVTOVS aXAa /cat #av/xacrrou9 e'Set^are TO* /co'o~/xo>, 
 rat? 7rapao~/cevat<j, Try 7rpo#iyxta. <fi of? Trapa 
 aXXcuv v/xti^ eyiyvovro eTratvot, Trapa 8' 
 Overtoil /cat 7ro/x7rat rot? #eot?. /cat eywye 217 
 
 a^ pOifJLTT)V hl(T\ivr)V, OT TOLVT TTpOLTTtTO 
 
 /cat {17X0^ /cat Capets /ca ^ eVatVa)^ 17 Tro'Xt? 7p 
 fjL(TTTJ, TTOTepov <Tvvedve /cat crwev<patVeTo rot? 
 TroXXoT?, 17 XvTTOu/xet'o? /cat <TT.v(i>v KOI Svcr/xe^at- 
 vajv rots /cou>ot< aya^ot? ot/cot KaBijro. et /xef 
 yap Traprjv /cat /xera TO)*' aXXcui' e^Ta^eTO, TTO)? 
 ov Setva TroteT, paXXov 8' ouS' ocrta, et o)^ a>? 
 dpia'Taiv auTO? TOU? ffeovs eVotT^craTO 
 
 ou/c aptcrTa vv*> v/xa? dft 
 6/xa>/xo/coTa<? TOU? dtovs ; et Se /AT) 
 ov/c a7roXa>XeVat TroXXa/ct? e'crTt St/cato?, et e<* 
 of? e^aipov ot aXXot, TauTa eXvireiro opatv ; Aeye 
 Sr) /cat TauTa TO, i//ry(^tcr/xaTd /not. 
 
 *H4>I2MATA Y2IQN. 
 
 Ou/covv T7/u,et5 /xeV eV ^ucrtat? 7^/xei/ TOT, 17- 218 
 /3atot 8' eV Tt3 St' T7/xa? crecroicr^at vo^it^iv, /cat 
 Treptetcm^/cet Tot? ySor^^eta? SeTjcrecrQaL votuovcr> 
 d^> oj*' cTrpaTTov ovTot, auTov? fiovjBeiv eTe'pot? e'^ 
 
 T '/)>> ' >\\ s v >>>)/ i 
 
 o*i' 7rLcrUTr)T ffjioi. aXXa /xr)^ ota? TOT 7J<ptet ^>a*- 
 6 OtXtTTTTO? /cat eV otat? 77^ Tapa^at? eVt TOV-
 
 98 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 T019, K TO)V iri(TTO<OV TfOV CKtLVOV 
 
 atv els TleXoTTOvvrjcrov eVe/xTrei'. /cat /xot Xe'ye 
 Tavras Xa/8a>v, Iv etS^re, 17 ettT? a-we^eta /cat 
 TrXdVot /cat ra\anratpiai /cat ra TroXXa \fjrj(f>L- 
 (T/xara, a vi)i/ ovro? Stecrupe, rt aTretpyafraro. 
 
 219 Katrot TroXXot Trap' ujLtt^, av$pe<s 'Affrjiscuoi, ye- 
 yot'acrt pTJropes evbo^oi /cat /-teyaXot Trpo e/tov, 
 KaXXtcrr/aaro? e/cetvo?, 'Aptcrro<^&j^, 
 
 vXo9, erepot jjivpLOi dXX' o/xa>9 
 TOVTOJV Sta TTOLVTOS eSw/cet' eavTov 19 
 T^ TrdXet, aXX' 6 /xev ypdfywv OVK av eirpe- 
 ev, 6 8e Trpefrfievtov OVK av eypar//ez\ ' 
 
 XetTre yap avrwv e/caa"TO9 eavro) a/xa yaei' pa 
 
 220 vr]V, a/xa S', et rt yeVotr', dvaffropdv. rt 
 etTTOt Tt9 aV, crv rocrovrov vTreprjpas fx^p-y /cat 
 ToXfjirj wore Trdvra Trotetv auro9 ; ov raura Xeyw, 
 dXX' OUTW9 7re7retcr)u,7^v /xeya^ eti^at TOP /caretXr^- 
 (f>6ra KivSwov rrjv irokw, wcrr' ou/c eSo/cet /xot 
 ya>pa-v ovSe Trpovoiav ouSe/xtW r^9 tSta9 da-fya- 
 Xeta9 StSdvat, dXX' dya'mrjTOv eivai, et /x^Sei^ Tra- 
 
 221 paXetVfuv Tt9 a Set Trpd^eiev. eireireio-fjLrjv S' 
 VTre/3 e/xavrou, rv)(ov p.ev dva.ia-O'iqTtov, o/xw9 S' 
 eVeTretoyxTji', /x^re ypd(j>ovT civ e/xov ypai//at /SeX- 
 rtov /xT^SeVa, /xT^re Trpdrrovra rrpd^ai, /xryre Trpe- 
 crfievovTa TT peer /Sever aL TrpoOv^orepov /x^8e St/cato- 
 Tepov. Sta ravra eV Tracrtv e/xavrov CTCLTTOV. 
 Aeye ra9 e7rtcrToXa9 xa9 TOV 4>tXt7T7rov.
 
 IIEPI TOT TEci>ANOT. 99 
 
 EHI2TOAAI. 
 
 Ets ravra /careVrr/o-e Ql\nnrov rj e'/zr) TroXtreta, 222 
 A.l(r\CvTrj ravrrjv rrjv (f>a)vr)i> e/ceti'os a.(f>rJKe, TroX- 
 Xov? /cat 0pacrels ra 77/30 TOVTCDV rr) TroXet eTrat- 
 pofjicvos Xdyov9. di'^' cDt' St/catws (TTe(j>a.vov[Jir)i> 
 VTTO rovTtovi, /cat <rv Trapoiv OVK ai^reXeye?, 6 Se 
 Atwi'Sa? ro /xepo? rwt' \jjTJ<f>a>v OVK 
 Kat /u,ot XaySe ravra ra i//i7^>t<TftaTa ra 
 <x7ro7r<evy6Ya, UTTO rovrou 8' ovSe yp 
 
 Tavrt ra i//ry<^)tcrjaar', a> avSpes 'ABrjvaloi, ra? 223 
 aura? cruXXa/3a5 /cat ravra pjjfJiaT e^et, 
 repov fMei> 'Apt<rroVi/co9 ^VP Se Kriycrt^ai 
 ovToa-L /cat ravr' Ato-^tVr;s our' e8t(uei> avro? 
 oure rw y/aai/;a/LteVw crvyKa.Trjyoprja'ev. /catrot rore 
 rov Ary/xo/xeX^ ro^ raOra ypa^ovra /cat rov 'TTTC- 
 pe&rjv, et Tre/3 aXr)0r) JJ.QV vvv Karrjyopel, /u.aXXoi' 
 av ei/coVco? -^ rwS ' eStw/ce^. Sta rt ; ort r&>8e 224 
 ei^ eo~r' ai/e^ey/cet^ eV e'/cetVovs /cat ra? rail/ St/ca- 
 
 
 crTr)pa)v yvwcreis /cat ro rouro^ O.VTOV 
 KaTr)yopr)Ki>a(, ravra ypa^iavruv a-rrtp ovro? 
 
 /cat ro rov? i/o/xov? /x^/cer ea^ Trept raf ovrw 
 
 /carTjyopetf, /cat TroXXa erepa Tore S' 
 
 avro ro irpayfj? a.v e/c/3tVero e^>' avrov, TrptV rt 
 rovraji/ TrpoXa/BeLi'. dXX' ov/c 77^ oTy^tat rore 6 i/vi/t 225
 
 ioo 
 
 iroieiv, CK TraXaiatv ^jpovatv /cat i/^^toTxaYco*' TTO\- 
 e/cXe'ai>Ta, a /x^'re npoy&ei, /x/qSets ftryr' av 
 TJfJ.epov pir]0rjvaL, Sta/3dXXeu', /cat /xerej'ey- 
 KOVTO. TOV<; xpovovs /cat 7r/30(dcrets dvrt TG^ dX??- 
 ^ai^ i//evSt9 /aera^eWa rot? TreTrpay/xeVo 
 226 rt \4yeiv. OVK r\v Tore ravra, dXX' eVt 
 
 eyyus TWI^ epywv, ert /xe/xi^/xeVa)^ v/xa)v /cat 
 
 OVK ev rat? ^epcrv e/cao"ra yovroiv, TTOLV- 
 res eyiyvovT av ot Xoyot. SiOTrep rov? vra/a' avra 
 ra TT^oay/xaT* eXey^ovs <j>vyci)v vvv ^/cet, prjTopctiv 
 dyatva vo^Litfav, e5? y' e//,ot So/cet, /cat ov^t raii' 
 TreTroXtrev/xeWi/ e&cury Troirfcreiv vfjia<s, /cat 
 Xoyou Kpicriv, ov^t rov rry TroXet 
 
 227 Etra o-o^t^erat, /cat c^crt irpocriJKeiv rjs 
 oiKodev T^/cer' e^o^res 80^179 Trept ^/Ltwz/ d/xeX^crat, 
 
 59. Et 8e Ttmv u/xwv e^ai<^v7js aKouo-acriv a.7rio-TOTpos rrpoa-- 
 TrcTTTWKev 6 ToiovTos Xdyos, cKCtVws T^V v7roXot7roi/ TToirjcracrOc 
 aKpoacriv, wnrep orav Trf.pl ^p^arwv dr^Xco/xevwv Sia TroAAou 
 ^povov Ku.6et!)fjifOa ITTL TOV<S Xoywr/xou?. Ep^o//.e^a OT; TTOU t^eu- 
 Stls otKoOev iviorf. 8d^as e^ovres KOTO. TWV Xoywr/xwv dAA' O/AWS 
 7r8ai/ 6 Xoyicr/Aos (rvyKt^aXaiw^, o^Sets T^/AWI' ccrrii' OVTOJ 
 
 SvCTKoXo? TT/V <f)V(TLV, O(TTL<S OVK OLTTtp^Tai TOl>6* O/XoXoyT^CTaS Kat 
 
 cTrtveucra? dXv/^es cTvat o rt av avro9 6 Xoywr/x.6s aip^. 60. OVTO> 
 KG i vuv T^V aKpoao-if 7roir;(rao-^e. ci rives U/AWV e/c roil' l/A7rpo- 
 tr^cv xpovwv ^/covo-iv otKo^cv Toiairrrjv l^ovres TTJV So^av, ws apa 
 6 A^ynotr^eV'^s ovSev TroWore eip^/cev rTrep 4>tXt7r7rov o^oras 
 <J>iXoKpaTOV9, o<TTts ovTto Sia/cciTat, /AT^T' 
 /caTayvarru) Trpiv aKovtrr) ov yap SI'KCUOV.
 
 IIEPI TOT TE4>ANOT. 101 
 
 ojo-7rep 8', OTCLV oto/xevot nepielvaL ^prjfJLaTai r&> 
 , av /ca&xtpwo'tz' ai i//^^>ot /cat p,7)Oi> 
 <r\ry\<DpeiTe, ouro> /cat vvv rot? e/c TOV 
 Xoyov <ati>o/xeVot5 7rpoo-$e'o"$at. 0ed(racr6e TOL- 
 
 VVV 0)5 O~a.0p6v, 0)5 OLKV, CCTTt (f)V(7L TTOLV O Ti O.V 
 
 fjir) St/cato)5 >f 7T7r/3ay/AeVoj>. e/c yap avrou TOI) 228 
 (ro(f>ov TOVTOV 7ra/3a8ety/u,aro5 w/xoXoy^/ce vw y' 
 
 
 7rar/Di'So5, avrov 8' vvre/o <l>tXt7r7rov ov yap 
 /xa5 e^ret //,->) rotaur^5 0^175 
 i>7ro\TJ\fjQ}<; nepl e/carepov. /cat 229 
 TJV ort ye ou St/cata Xeyet /xera^ecr^at 
 
 , eyw StSa^o) pa8to>5, ou 
 \ffTJ<j)Ov<; (ou ycxp ICTTIV o TMV TrpayjaaTajv ouro5 
 Xoyto-/xo5) dXX' dva/xt/xi^cr/cojv e/caora ev /3pa- 
 ecrt, Xoyto-rat5 a/xa /cat fjidprvcn ro?5 d/cououcru' 
 . 17 yap e^ vroXtreta, ^5 ovYo5 
 /carryyopet, dvrt /xev TOU @^^atou5 /xerd ^tXtTrvrou 
 (rvvp.(3a\6ii> et5 rr)i> ^wpav, o 7rdvT5 utovro, p.e0 ' 230 
 T7/XOJV 7rapaTa^a/xeVou5 eKelvov KcoXveus eTroirjcrev, 
 dvrt Se TOU e^ T^ 'Arri/c^ rov vrdXe/xov etvat eTrra- 
 /cocrta o"rdSta aTro r^5 7roXeo)5 eTTt rot5 Botwroii/ 
 6ptot5 yevecrOat,, avrl 8e rou rou5 X]7crrd5 17/1,015 
 (/epeti/ /cat dyetv e/c r^5 Eu/8ota5 eV eipi/jvr) TTJV 
 'Arrt/c^v e'/c 0a\aTTr)<s elvat Trdvra TOV iro 
 
 OLVTL 8e TOU TOt' 'EXXr^O-TTOl'TOI/ e^et
 
 102 
 
 231 jae rjfjiwv irpos Kivov. ap crot *rt<)OLs O/JLOLOS 
 6 TO)v epyoiv Xoytcr/zos (^atverat ; f) oelv dvTa- 
 veXtlv ravra, dXX' ou^ 6Va>s rov airavTa ^povov 
 cr/cei//acr^at ; Kal ou/cert Trpocr- 
 
 OTL r^9 /ae^ ai/xdrTyTO?, ^v ev ot? Ka.0a.Trat; 
 
 Karea-TY) ^> 1X1777705 ecmv tSeT^, ere- 
 TreipaO'YJva.L crvvefirj, rrj? Se <^i\a.v9p<DTria.s, 
 ra Xot77a rwi/ Trpay^aTOiv eKet^o? 77ept^8aXXd- 
 eVXarrero, vyaet? /caXw? 77otovvr5 rov? Acap- 
 
 77OV5 KeKO/JLLO'06. dXX' 60J TaVXtt. 
 
 232 Kal />t^v otSe TOUT' eiireiv owrjcrb), OTL 6 TOV 
 piJTopa ySouXo/xevo? 8t/cata>9 e^eTa^etv /cat /XT) 
 KO<f>avTeiv OVK a.v ota cru ^vv eXeye?, 
 
 L, 77ayoaSety/xaTa TrXa-TTCov KOI 
 
 a /atjaou/xei/o? (irdvv yap irapa TOVTO, 
 opa? ; yeyo^e TO, TW^ 'EXX^rcuv, et TOVT! TO 
 aXXa /AT) TOUT! SteXc^ip eyw, r^ Seupt Tr)f 
 
 2 33 X ^P a a ^ a W Seupl TraprjveyKa), dXX' eV avrwv 
 TO>V epyotv av ecrKonei, TtVa? etX ez/ d^oyo/xa? 77 
 770X19 /cat Tivas Sum/xet?, 6V et? TO, 
 i(TTJ6LV, Kal rivas cTwrfyayov avTrj /XCTO. 
 77to"Ta5 eyw, /cat 77w? et^e TO, TWI 
 
 etr' et /xei/ eXaTTOu? eVot^cra Ta? Su^a/xet?, 77a/j' 
 
 > \ ?' > * >O / v > p, \ \\ / 
 
 e/x,ot raoiKrjfJL av eoeiKvvev ov, et oe 77OAA.6J /xet- 
 
 OU/C OV <TVKO<)dvTei. 7TL$r Se O"U TOUTO 
 
 C ^Esch. 166 and 167, cited on page 58.
 
 IIEPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 10 
 
 77e'(euya5, eyaj Trotrycrw /cat cr/coTretre el 8t/cauo5 
 ^prycro/Ltat r&> Xdyw. 
 
 AVVCL/JLLV (JLev TOLVVV ei^ev 17 770X15 roi>5 i^cnw- 234 
 ra5, ou^ OLTravTas, dXXct rot'? dcr^e^eoTarov? 
 oure yap Xto? oure 'PoSo? ovre KepKvpa /xe^' 
 T7)u,a>v T^V ^p^/xdrcu^ 8e crvvra^v ei? TreVre /cat 
 rerrapa/covra raXa^ra, /cat ravr' ^v Trpoe^ecXe- 
 yfjLeva OTrXtr^i/ 8', 'nnrea 7rXr)v rait' ot/ceta)i> ov- 
 SeVa. o 8e TTOLVTW /cat ^>o/3e/3wraro^ /cat /adXtcr^' 
 vTrep raiv l^Opwv, OVTOL TrapCTKeva.Kcrav rous 
 irepi)(a>pov<; irdvTas e^^pa? ^7 <^>tXtas eyyvrepcu, 
 Meyapet?, Br/ySatov?, EuySoea?. ra /xei' rrjs TTO- 235 
 Xea>9 OUTOJS VTTjjp^ev e^ovra, /cat ouSets a 
 rrapa raur' elnelv aXXo ovSeV ra Se rov 
 TTOU, Trpo? oi> ^i^ 17^^ 6 dywt', cr/cei^acr$e 
 TrptoTOV per rjpx e T <*>v a.KO\ov6ovvT(i>v avTO? auro- 
 Kpa,T(t)p, 6 TW^ et? ro^ TToXe/xov jaeytoroV i 
 a.iroiVT(i)v t^' ourot TO, oTrXa eT^o^ ei/ rat? 
 crti/ det' evretra ^or^/xdrwv emropet, /cat 
 a So^etei' avrw, ou TrpoXeyeu^ eV rot? i/o 
 ovS' ei^ TOJ (f>a.vepa) ySovXeuo/xevo?, ovSe 
 <f>evy<DV TrapavofJiOiV, ovS' vir 
 dXX' 0,77X0}? auro? 80"770TT79, -r^ 
 77dWa>i>. eya> 8' 6 77/305 TOVTOV d^rtreray/AeVo? 230 
 (/cat yap rovr' e^erdo~at 8t/catoi^) rtVo5 Kvpios r\v ; 
 avro yap TO S^/x^yopet^ irpwrov, ov 
 o^ eyw, e^ to~ov TrpovriOeO* v
 
 104 AHM020ENOT2 
 
 rots Trap e/cetVov i*.i<rda.pvov(Ti /cat e/xot, /cat ocra 
 ourot 776/3 tyeVotvro e/xou (iroXXa 8' eyiyvero rai)- 
 
 Ta, St* ^I> 6/CaCTTOI' TV^Ol TTpO^aCTLv), TO.\)6* VTTp 
 
 2 37 TUV ^0pa}f anyre /SeySovXev/xeVot. a,XX' 
 c/c rotourwv eXarTw/xarajv eya> crvyu./u,a^ou 
 u/xtz/ eVotT^cra EuySoe'as, 'A^atov?, KopivOiovs, rj- 
 ySatov?, Meyapea?, Aev/caStov?, Kep/cv^atou?, d^>' 
 wv /xvptot yxet' /cat Trevra/ctcr^tXtot ^eVot, Stcr^t'Xtot 
 o' tTTTTCt? ai^ev ra>^ TTO\ITIKO)V 
 
 (rap xp77/zaYcoz> 8e', ocrwv rjSwij&qv eyw, 
 
 238 crr^t' crvvTeXeiav eVotTyo-a. et Se Xeyet? ^ ra 
 
 @r^/3atov9 St/cata, Atcr^tV^, ^ ra 77/309 Bv- 
 >) ra 77/305 EvySoea?, ^ 77e/ot T&>J> tcrwi^ 
 t StaXeyr;, Trpwrov peis dyi^oet? ort /cat 77/30- 
 repov Ta)v vfrep TO>V 'EXXr^i/w^ e/cetVaji/ 
 fjLciHov rpiriptov, r/3ta/coo~tco^ ouo~a>v raiv 
 ret? 8ta/coo~tas 17 770X15 77a/3ecr^ero, /cat ov/c e'Xar- 
 TovcrOai vofjiL^ovcra ouSe /cptVovcra rou5 raura 
 ovSe dya^a/croi)o~a e77t rovrot5 
 yap), dXXct rot5 ^eot5 e^ovcra 
 e KOIVOV KW&VVOV rot5 ' ! 'EXX>yo~t 77e/3to~rdV- 
 TO5 aur^ St77Xdo~ta rai 
 
 239 (TfDTrjpiav 77apecr^ero. etra 
 
 Tovrotcrt orvKO(f>a.vT(i>)v e/xe. rt yd/o vvz^ Xeyet5 ofa 
 irpa-Trew, dXX' ov TOT' av > rrj 77oXet /cat 
 TO.VT cypafas, et 776/3 eVe8e)(ero 77a/od rou5 
 /cat/3ov5, eV ot5 ov^ ocra
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE3>ANOT. 105 
 
 \ \ ' ^ ' * *S fc ' /3 * 
 
 aAA oo~a 00177 ra Trpay/xaT eoet oe^ecrc/at o yap 
 dvraivovfjitvos /cat ra^v TOUS Trap' T^/xaif aTreXauvo- 
 /xeVou? Trpoo-Se^d/xez'os /cat ^pijfjiaTa 7rpoo'0T]O'a)i> 
 
 et i/ur CTTI rots irtTrpayfjievois /car^yopta? 240 
 , rt ai/ otecr#e, et TOT' e/xov 
 
 a.7rr}X0ov at TroXets /cat 
 w, /cat ajua Eu/Sota? /cat 0Ty^8wv /cat Bvai/- 
 
 TtOU KVplOS KaTeCTTTT], Tt TTOtCU' ttl' l) Tt Xeyet^ TOU9 
 
 dfrefieLS dv0pa>Trovs TOVTOVCTL ; ov^ a>9 e^eSd^- 241 
 crai', a.TrrjXddrjcrai', /3ovXo/xei/ot /xe^' i7/xtu^ eti/at ; 
 etTa TOU jLte^ 'EXX^o-zrovTou Sta Bv^ai/Tta>^ ey/cpa- 
 dea'TrjKe, /cat TTJS O"tTO7ro/x7rta? T^9 TW 'EX- 
 /cu/3t09, vrdXe/xo? 8' o/xopo? /cat /Sapvs et9 
 /c^y Sta @T7/8ataf /ce/cd/xtcrTat, avrXou? S' 
 
 17 6d\a.TT(L VTTO TtoV /C TT^S Ev^SotttS O p fJLO) [JiV(i)V 
 
 \ri(TTO)v ytyovev ; OVK av TO.VT eXeyoi>, /cat TroX- 
 Xa ye Trpos TOVTOI? erepa ; irovypov, a> dvSpes 242 
 L, irovrjpov 6 crvKO(f)dvTr)<s del /cat Trat'Ta- 
 
 fidcrKa.vov /cat <^i\ainov TOVTO Se /cat 
 
 /ctVaSo? rdvBpatiTLov ICTTIV, 
 
 vytes TrcTrotry/cos ovS' fXevOepov, avroT^ayt/co? 
 0r)KO<>, dpovpalos Ott'dyu.ao?, Trapd(rr)p.os 
 Tt yap 17 o~^ Sett'OTTy? et? ovrjcriv i^f/cet 
 vvt' i7/xtv Xeyet? Trept TWI> 7rap\r)\v06Ta)v ; OKT-rrep 243 
 av et Tts taTpo? dcrffevovcri /*> Tot? 
 
 /XT) Xe'yot tt^Se 8et/cvuot St' 

 
 106 AHMOSOENOTS 
 
 Tat rrjv vocrov, eVeiSr) Se Te\evTtjo~eie Tts CLVTWV 
 /cat TO, vojJLL^op.eva aurw (frepoiro, a.Ko\ov6(av eVt, 
 TO fjLvrjfjia Ste^Tot " et TO /cat TO eiroi-qarev avOpoj- 
 7TO5 OVTOCTI, ou/c av oLTredavev." jji/3p6vTr)T6, elra 
 vvv Xeyet? ; 
 
 244 Ou roivvv ouSe TT)^ rjTrav, el ravry yavyota? 
 e<^' ^ (Tiivf.iv ere, a) Kara.pa.Te, TrpocrfJKev, ev ov- 
 Sei't TWV Trap' e/xot yeyo^vtav evpTjo'ere ry TrdXet. 
 Se \oitf.cr0e. ovSaxou na>7ro0\ ovrot 
 
 a,Trf)X0ov Toiv rrapa, <&L\iTnrov irpco'/SecDi', OVK e/c 
 TTaXtas, OVK 'A/AySpa/aas, OVK e 
 ov Tra/aa Twt' typaKuv /SacrtXecuv, OVK e/c 
 Ttov, ov/c a.\\oBev ov^a^oOev, ov ra 
 CK @>7/3iof, dXX' ev ots Kpar-rjOelev ot Tr 
 avTou TW Xdyw, TavYa TO?? oVXot? email' Kare- 
 245 o~Tpe(f>eTo. TO.VT* ovv (XTratTeT? Trap' e/xov, /cat ov/c 
 TOI/ avrbv et? T /xaXa/ctav o"/ca>7rra>j> /cat, 
 
 v^a/XO>5 O.^LO)V eVO. OVTOi KpeiTTO) 
 
 yevecrOai ; /cat TauTa Tot? Xdyots ; TtVo? yap 
 aXXov KvpLOS r\v eyw ; ov yap TT^S ye e/cao~Tov 
 
 225. "ETretra tTrepcorav /AC, a>5 eyw Trvv6<ivop.a.i, /teXAa, TIS ai / 
 eir^ TOIOUTOS larpos, OCTTI? TW vocrowrt p.ra^v fjikv acrutvovvTi 
 fjirjSfv n~vfJiftovXvoi, TeXevrr^cravTos Se avroi) eX^wi' ei? TO, eva- 
 ra Sie^iot Trpo? TOV? oiKetov9, a tTrir^Sevo-as vyt^? av cyevero. 
 226. CTauTov 8' OVK avT/3u>Tas, Tt's av ctry 8>7//.aywvos TOIOVTOS, 
 
 OCTTtS TOV /XV 8^/AOV $a)7Tl)(JCU SuVaiTO, TOVS KaipOV5, fV Ol? ^V 
 
 V TroXiv, dT
 
 IIEPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 107 
 
 rfjs oTparrjyta?, ^5 e/x' aTratret? evffvvas OVTOJ 
 cr/cato? el. dXXa /XT)^ oDi> y' a.v 6 piJTatp virtvOvvos 246 
 117, Tracrav e^eracriv Xa/x/Sdi/ere ou Tra/aatrov/xat. 
 rtVa ovi/ ecrrt ravra ; tSeti^ ra Trpay/xara apx~ 
 p,eva /cat Trpoa.LO'deo'Ba.i KOI TrpoeLTrelv rot? aXXots. 
 raOra TreV/aa/crat /xot. /cat ert ra? e/cacrra^ou 
 PpaSvTrJTas o/ct'ou? dy^ota? ^tXovet/ctag, a vroXtrt- 
 /ca rat? vroXecrt Tr/aocrecrrtv aTracrai? /cat dvayKata 
 a/jLapTijfMaTa, ravd* 015 et? eXd^tcrra cruoretXat, 
 
 /Cat TOVVCLVTIOV t? OJJLOVOLO.V Kal <j)l\la.V Kal TOV TO, 
 
 Seovra noielv op^v TrpoTpe\pai. /cat ravra. /xot 
 TrdWa TTfTTot^rat, /cat ouSet? /xif TTO#' evpry /car* 
 e/ie ovSet' eXXet<$eV. et roivvv rt? epoiro ovn- 247 
 t'ouv, rtcrt ra TrXeurra ^tXtTTTro? wi/ Kareirpa^t 
 Siw/cr^craro, rrdvres av tLiroLev ra> crrparoTreSa) /cat 
 TOJ StSoi/at /cat Sta^^etpeti^ TOUS eVl rai^ TT/aay/xd- 
 OVKOVV raiv fj,ev Svi'd/u.ewv ovre /cupto? ov^' 
 eyw, a>orre ouS' 6 Xoyo? Ta)i^ /caret rav- 
 ra Trpa^Bevrojv Trpo? e/xe. /cat /x^v r&> Sta<^^ap^- 
 /x^ KeKpdryjKa ^tXtTTTrov axrirep 
 
 152. eroX/xr/cre TOIS SpaTreVais TTOCTI /cat XeXoiTroo-t T^ 
 
 vwi/ dpT>;v. 155. ort rwSc TOV di/8pa, tt 8r; Kai OVTO? dv^p, 
 
 (TT<f>a.VOL O 8?7/AOS Tail/ hfaffaSlHIt dpT^S VtCa TOV KaKMTTOV 
 
 cai dv^paya^ias evKa TOV dvavSpov cai XeXotTroTa T^V Taiv. 
 159. OTI A.-rjfj.oaOti'T]'; ov TT)V OTTO o-rpaTOTre'Sou /zovov Tafiv tXi- 
 TTCV, dXXa Kal r^/v eV T
 
 108 AHMO20-EXOT2 
 
 yap 6 aivovfjievos vevLKrjKe rov \a/36vTa, edv 
 
 rai, ovraj<s 6 /AT) Kaftans /cat Sta<#apet9 
 
 TOV tovovfjievov. a>(7Te d^TT^ro? 17 7roXt9 TO /car' 
 
 > X 
 
 e/xe. 
 
 248 *A jjifv roLvvv eya> Trapeo'^ojjirji' ets TO St/caiGj? 
 TotavTa ypd(f)eLV TOVTOV irepl e/xou, vrpo? TroXXot? 
 ere/3019 TavTa /cat TrapaTrXr^crta TOVTOI? ICTTLV, a 
 8' ot TrdvTts u//,et?, Tau/ 17817 Xe^cu. /XCTO, yap 
 
 i^v evBvs 6 SrJ/AO?, etSaj? /cat ewpa/cw? 
 ocra ZirpaTTOv eyw, ei^ avTot? Tots Setvots 
 /cat <^oy8epots e/x^8ey8i7/c(os, typtJt* ovS' cxyvco/xov^crat 
 Tt dav^acrrov fjv TOU? TroXXov? irpog e/ie, 
 ep" Trept o~wTT7pta? Tr}? TroXews TO,? eyu,a? 
 
 ovf.1, /cat irdvO* ocra rfjs (f>v\aKr)<; eW/ca 
 , 17 8taTa^t9 TWV <j>v\aK(t)V, at rd 
 
 Ta et? T<X Ti)(r) XP y ll JLaTa ' ^ ta r< ^" ^M^ 
 
 TCUV eytyveTo eVet$' atpou/xei^o9 (TLTOHSYJV e/c 
 
 249 TW^ e/te e^eLpoTovrjcrev 6 819/^09. /cat />tTa 
 <rv(TTdvT<DV ot9 ^v 7Tt/xeXe9 /ca/caj9 e/xe Trotetv, /cat 
 
 evBvvas to~ayyeXta9 TrdvTa ravr eVa- 
 ^/.ot, ov St' eavTutv TO ye Trpcarov, dXXa St' 
 a)v /xaXto~$' vTreXdfjLftavov dyvoricrecrBai (to~Te yap 
 STJTTOV /cat {jLefju'Tjcrde OTI TOU9 7rpo>TOV9 ^pwov9 
 /caTa T^ r)p,pav eKaa'TrjV e/cptvd/x^v e'yw, /cat 
 OUT' aVoVota Sajo~t/cXe / ov9 OVT o~v/co^>ai^Tta <I>tXo- 
 /cpctTOV9 oure Atajt'Sov /cat MeXat'Tov /Ltavt'a OUT' 
 aXX' ouSet' drreipaTov fjv TouTot9 /caT' e/xov), ei'
 
 IIEPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 109 
 
 TOIVVV TOUTOtS TTOLCTL /ZCtXlCTTa fJLV StO, TOUS 0OV9, 
 
 Sevrepov Se St* v/xa? /cat rous dXXov? 'AQrjvaLOvs 
 St/cat6>s rovro yap /cat d\r)0e<s e'oTt 
 
 /Cat VTTCp T0)l> OfJLODfJiOKOTUV /Cat yVOV7(DV TO, 
 
 . OVKOVV iv pev ot? eifr^yyeXXo'/x^v, or' 250 
 
 JJLOV Ka TO /x,e/ao? TOJV \jT(>a)v rot? 
 ot /AereStSore, TOT' e\jrr)<f>i, ) cr0e ra apt- 
 crra /ze Trparretv e^ ofs Se ra? ypa^as a.ire<f>ev- 
 yov, eWo/ia /cai ypa^etv /cat Xeyeti/ aTreSet/cvv/A^v 
 e^ ot? Se ra? evOvvas eTrecn^/u-at^ecr^e, St/cata>9 /cat 
 TraVra TreTrpa^Bai /Ltot 
 
 yetre. TOVTUV ovv ovrco? e^pvr^v rt irpoarJKOv rj 
 
 rt St/catov ^v rots VTT' e/tou TreTrpay/xeVots 
 rov KTr)<TL(f)(ovTa ovo^a, ov\ o TOV SrjfJLOv ecupa 
 TiOepevov, ou^ 6 rov? 6/xw/xo/cora? St/cao-ra?, ov^ 
 o r^v aXtjBeLav Trapa Tracrt y8e/8atoC(rai/ ; 
 
 Nat, (frijcriv, aXXa TO row Ke<^aXou /caXov, ro 251 
 /xrjSe/AtW ypa^v <f>evyeiv. /cat vr) At" euSat/xo^ 
 ye. dXXa Tt /xaXXov 6 7roXXa/ct5 ftev (f>vya)v /utr^Se- 
 TrajTrore 8' e^eXey^^et? dSt/cwv e^ ey/cX^art yt- 
 yvoir a.v Std TOUTO St/cata>5 ; /catrot Trpo? ye roi)- 
 
 194- "EToA/ia 8' ev u/xiv TTOTC crcfjivvvfcrOaL 'Apwrro<^>a)v e/cervos 
 6 'A^r/rtcvs Ae'ywv, ort ypa<^>as irapavofjioiv Tre'c^evyev f(38op.r)Kovra 
 KOL TTcvre. (1AA ou^l 6 Ke^>aA.os o TraXaios Kti/os, 6 SOKOJV 
 8r][i(rriK(aTa.Tos yeyovfvai, ov^ oirrws, aAA.' 7rt TO?S evavriois <i- 
 AOTI/^ITO, Xeywv, ort TrXctcrTa Jravra>v yeypa^xos ^ay<^>itr/u.aTa 
 ov8e/z.iav TTWTTOTC ypa^trfv Tre^eirye Trapavo/iwv, KaA.<u5, oT/zut,
 
 110 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 TOV, dVSpeg 'Affyvcuoi, /cat TO rov Ke<^aXou KaXov 
 elwelv ecrrt /xot ouSe/xtav yap TT^TTOT lypd^taro 
 /ae ouS' eStw^e ypa<j)TJi>, wcrre VTTO o~oi) ye wy 
 y?7/xat {jLTj&ev etvat rou Ke<dXov ^etpw 
 252 ITa^ra^o^e^ /xev roivvv av rt? tSot r 
 
 avrov /cat XT)^ fiacrKaviav, ov% T^/ctcrra 8' 
 
 ^ V ^ / O\'/l >\O>'/\ 
 
 ai^ Trept TTys rv^5 oteAe^c/^. eya> o oXw? 
 
 ocrrt dv0pa)Tros av dv0pa)Trq) TV^TJV Trpo^e- 
 pei, avorjTov i^you/aat ^v yayo 6 ySeXno-ra Trpdr- 
 reiv vofJLL^cov /cat apia-r^v e^eti^ oto/xevos ou/c ot- 
 
 >, et 
 
 vri^? Xeyeti' ^ TTOJ? o 
 1) S' ouros vrpo? TroXXot? aXXoi? /cat 
 
 jraL rw Xdyw, cr/cet//acr^', w af- 
 ij /cat OewpijcraTe ocra) /cat d\r)6e- 
 
 <TT.pOV /Cat a.v6p(J)TTlvd)T.pOV CyO) TTCyOt TT^? TV^5 
 
 253 TOUTOU StaXe^^cro/xat. eya> T^ TT^? TrdXews TU- 
 
 dyadrjv ^yov/xat, /cat rav#' opai /cat ro^ Ata 
 AcuScovato^ u/xTv ^.avrevo^evov, rrjv //.eVrot 
 TrdvTwv dvOpatTrwv, r) vvv eVe^et, ^aXeTT^ /cat 
 rt? yap 'EXXi^vw^ ^ rts fiapfidpuv ov 
 
 254 TroXXa)^ /ca/cwv e^ rw Trapovn TreTretparat ; TO 
 
 roivvv 7rpoe\ecr0a.L ra /caXXtcrra /cat TO TWV 
 TMV 'EXXi^vcov, et Trpooivro rjfJLds, ev evSat- 
 Sta^etv, CLVTCOV d-^ivov rrpdrreiv TTJS dya- 
 ^? TU^^? TrJ? TToXeco? et^at riBrjfu TO Se npocr- 
 /cpovcrat /cat /AT) irdvB* a9
 
 TIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. in 
 
 d\\a)V dv0pa>7T(t)V TV^S TO 
 eVt/SaXXoi/ <}>' 77/110,9 fJLpo<s /acTCiX^eVcu i>o/u'a> 
 TJ]V TroXiv. Trjv S' tStav rv^rjv rrjv IfJLrjv /cat Trp 255 
 ei>09 Ty/AaV e/cao-rou eV 1-015 tStot? l^cra^ctv &IKOLIOV 
 eivat, vofjii^o). l-yoj ^ev ovraicrl rrepl TTJS 
 dia), op0a><; /cat St/cattu?, a>5 e/Aavrw So/cw, 
 
 &\ \ t e p. \ \ >^/ / x \ 
 
 oe /cat v/iti/ o oe TT)^ total/ TV^TJV TT)I> e/xr)v 
 
 Try? TToXeco? KvpuoTepav elvai (frrjo'i, rrjv 
 v /cat (f>av\r)v rfjs dya^rj? /cat jaeyaXry?. 
 /cat 7TOJ5 evt TOVTO yevecrOai ; 
 
 Kat jLtr)i/ et ye TT)I/ eyu,r)^ rv-^v 7rcu>Tcu9 e^CTa- 256 
 ^ew, Atcr^tn^, Trpoaipel, Trpos rv)v cravTov cr/co7ret, 
 /cav evpr)s rrjv l^rfv ySeXTtcu Trjs crrj?, Travcrat Xot- 
 Sopov/Aevo9 avrfj. cr/coTret roivvv evdvs e ap^rj^. 
 /cat /xov 7T/305 Ato? fjir)$6fjiLa.i> ^v^poTTrjra. Karayvoj 
 
 et Tt? ej^ a<>voi<s rpa- 
 dXX' VTTO Try? TOV- 
 Tout TOV ^aXeTTOu /8Xacr^)r;/Ltta5 /cat crv/co^ai'Ttas 
 et? TotouTou? Xdyovs e/xTTtTTTeti/ d^ay/cd^o//,at, ot<? 
 e'/c Taif .v6vr<i)v a>5 cu> 
 
 'E//ot /xev roivvv vTrrjp^ev, Alcr^ivr}, TratSt TO, 257 
 
 a StSacr/caXeta, /cat e^etv ocra 
 alcr^pov iroi-qa'ovra. St' e^etav, e 
 8e e'/c TratSwt' d/cdXou^a TOVTOIS rrpdrreiv, XP r )~ 
 
 ^>tXoTt/xtas
 
 112 AHMO20ENOTS 
 
 tStas fJLTJre S^/xocrtas a7roXet7reo~$at, aX\a /cat 
 rfj TrdXet Kal rot? <tXots ^orycrt/xo^ eu>at, eTretSr] 
 Se 7T/3og ra KOiva TrpocreXOeiv eSo^e juot, rotavra 
 TroXtreu/xara eXecr#at wo-re /cat VTTO r^s Trarpi- 
 809 /cat VTT' aXXtuv 'EXXi^va;^ TroXXaiv 77oXXa/ct? 
 (TTe<f)ava)o-6ai, /cat /xi^Se rous fyOpovs v//,a?, w? 
 ou /caXa y* ^v a TrpoetXd/x-^v, eTTt^etyaet^ Xeyetv. 
 
 258 eya> /xev ST) Toiavrr) o-VjaySe^tai/ca TV^T), KOL TrdXX* 
 at' e^coi^ Irep' elireLV Trepl CLVTTJS TrapaXetVa), <v- 
 Xarrd/xevo? TO Xvirrjcrai nva ev of? (re/xi'wo/xai. 
 <rv S* 6 cre/AVwd/Aei'o? di^/o /cat StaTrrvw^ TOU? 
 aXXov? crKOTret 77/309 TavTrjv TTOIO, rtvt Ke^prjcraL 
 TV^T), St' >)v Tratg /Met' &iv yaera TroXX^s ei'Seta? 
 Tpd(f>rj<s, a/xa TOJ Trarpl irpos TOJ StSacr/caXctw 
 Trpo(T$pva)v, TO /teXav rptyScuv /cat TO, /Bd0pa 
 wnoyyiCfDV /cat TO TratSaywyero^ Kopaiv, ot/ceVov 
 
 259 TO.^LV, OVK eXevOepov TratSos ^CDV, avyp Se 
 [jievos rrf prjTpl reXovarr) Ta? )8ty8Xov 
 
 cr/ces /cat TaXXa crvvtcrKevaipov, rrjv fJLev VVKTOL 
 vefipi&v /cat Kpar^pi/Cf^v /cat KaBaipajv TOVS Te- 
 XovjuteVou? /cat a.TrofjioiTT<uv rut Tr^Xw /cat Tot? TrtTv- 
 yoots /cat a^tcrTa? aTro TOV Kaffapfjiov KeXevaiv 
 Xeyetv " e<f>vyov /ca/cdv, evpov ayaet^o^," evrt TW 
 /xT^SeVa TTWTTOTe TT^Xt/covT* oXoXu^at creiJ,vvv6fj.vo<; 
 
 260 (/cat eywye VO/JLL^OJ /XT) ya/3 oteo~^' avrov $6iy- 
 
 /xez> OUTOJ ^teya, oXoXu^eti^ S' 
 iv Se Tat? Teaats TOVS /caXovs
 
 I1EPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 113 
 
 8td rwv 68aii>, 
 p.apa.00) /cat rf) Xev/qy, TOWS o(et? TOU? Trapeta? 
 6\ifitov /cat VTrep TT)? /cc^aX?)? aitopitiv, Kal ySoaiv 
 euot o-a/3o?, /cat eVo/a^ov/aevo? vr;? arr^? ctTTiy? 
 ^175, e^a/3^09 Kal TrpoyyefJLGJV /cat /ctrro^o^o? /cat 
 XiKvo(f>6po<; /cat rotavra VTTO raii> ypaStwi/ Tr/iocra- 
 
 /cat crrptTTTovs /cat ^e^Xara, e^)' ot? rt? ou/c a^ co? 
 a.\rj0a)<; avrbv evSat/xovtcrete /cat r^ avrov TV- 
 Xyv ; eVetS^ 8' et? rou? 8^/xora? eVey^a^ry? OTTCUCT- 261 
 SrjVore, eo> yap rovro, eVetSi^ y' 
 
 TO KO.\\UTTOV e^eXe^cu rw^ epyuv, 
 
 /cat vrrr^pereiv rot? ap^tStot?. a>5 o* 
 Trore /cat TOVTOV, TrdvO* a 
 avro? vrotTycra?, ov 
 
 At* ouSe^ TQ)I/ 7rpovirr)pyiJivaji> ra> /xera 
 /8tw, dXXa fjLL<T0<o(ra<; cravrov rot? 
 eVt/caXou/xeVot? e/cetVoi? V77o/cptrat9, 2t/xuXa> /cat 
 Sw/cparet, erptTayaWo~Tt<?, crv/ca /cat fiorpvs /cat 
 eXaa? crvKXeywv axnrep oTrojpoji^g e/c TWI> dXXo- 
 rpitov ytopltov, TrXetcu Xa/A/3dVa>i' aTro rovrw^ ^ 
 rail/ dywi/w^, ov? u/xet? Trept T^9 V /U X''? ? '^yojvi- 
 
 tf.&Qf. ' f)V yQ-P OLO~7TOl'8o9 /Cat aKTJpVKTOS VJJLIV 
 
 TOW? ^eaTct? TToXe/xo?, v<^>' aV TroXXa rpav- 
 
 SetXou? cr/cajTTTet?. dXXa yap ?ra- 263 
 
 pet? wi^ TTI> Trtvav atTtcratT ^ Tt?, vrpo? 
 
 8
 
 114 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 TO. TOV rpoirov (Tov /JaStov/ittt 
 
 Toiavrrjv yap etXov TroXtreta^, eVetSr} TTOTC /cat 
 
 TOVT Trfj\0 O~Ol TTOLYjCTaL, St' f)V VTV)(OVCrr)S /A^ 
 
 TTJS 7raTpi8o9 Xaya; /3iov 6^175 8eSta>5 /cat rpefjicov 
 
 /cat del Tr\7]'yTJo'O'6ai TrpocrBoKatv (f> ot? cravrw 
 
 crui^Set? dSt/cowrt, eV ot? S' rjrv^crav ot aXXot, 
 
 264 Opacrvs o)v v<fi a.irdvT<DV aii/;at. /catrot ocrrt? ^t- 
 
 ri oSro? 
 
 St/cato? ecmv ; iroXXa 
 Tolvvv erep elireiv e^tov Trepl avrov 7rapaXeti//w 
 ov yap O<T OLV Sft^at/xt Trpocr6i>T atcr^a TOVTO) 
 /cat oveiBr), TTO.VT oi/^at Setv ev^epws Xeyeti' dXX' 
 ocra fj.r)$v alcr^pov e&Tiv elnelv e/xot. 
 265 'E^eracroi' roivvv Trap* aXXr^Xa ra crot /cd/xot 
 
 pa>Tr)crov rovrovcrl rrjv irorepov TV^TJV av eXoi#' 
 e/cacrro? avratv. eSt'Sacr/ce? ypdyu,/xara, eya> 8' 
 <fxH,Tti}V. ereXet?, eyw S' ereXov/x^v. eypa/A/xd- 
 reve?, eyw S' T^/c/cX^crta^ov. erptraywz/to-Tet?, 
 
 >\c>>/)/ '^r' >>>> 
 
 eya> o eueaipovv. egeTTtTrreg, eyw o ecr 
 vTrep raiv eyOpiov TreTroXtreucrat TrdvTa, eya> 
 266 uTrep TT]? TrarptSo?. e&j raXXa, dXXa vvt't 
 
 pov eya> /tev vTrep rov crre^a^w^^ai So/a/xa- 
 ^o/Ltat, TO Se /x-^S' ortow dSt/cetv di/aj/xoXdyry/Aat, 
 crot 8e a~VKO(f)oivry fjiev eTi/at So/cet^ virdpyei, KIV- 
 Sv^evet? Se etre Set o~* ert rovro Troteti/, etr' 17817 
 TT7rav(r6ai /ai) /xeraXaySo^ra TO TT^TTTOV
 
 IIEPI TOT STEefcANOT. 115 
 
 v. dyaOfj ye, ofy opas ; 
 TYJS e/rqs /car^yo/aetg. 
 <&epe Se /cat TO,? TWV Xetrovpytau' /aapru/Dtas, 267 
 wv XeXetrov/oyrj/ca, vfjuv avayvia Trap as napa- 
 vdyvuBi. /cat crv /xot ra? yoi^cret? as 
 
 ^K(0 l/(CpWV Kf.v6fJt.MVa KOL CTKOTOU TTv 
 
 /cat 
 
 KaKayyeXcti/ /xev ur$i /x^ ^tAovTa /xc, 
 
 /cat KO.KOV KOLKO)<; ere /iaXt<rra /ae^ ot Beoi, 
 
 ovrot Tra^re? a7roXe'cretai>, Trovrjpbv ovra /cat TroXt- 
 
 /cat TpiTa.yoiVLO'T'^v. 
 Aeye ra? p,apTvpias. 
 
 MAPTYPIAI. 
 
 rolvvv rot? Trpo? r^ TroXw rotovro? 268 
 ei^ Se rot? tSt'ots et pr) Trai^res tcrre art /coti^o? /cat 
 fyiXdvO P<DTTOS /cat rot? Seo/aeVot? eirapKuv, crtwTTto 
 /cat ouSei^ ai^ etTrot/xt ovSe Trapaa"^oi^v nepl TOV- 
 ovSe/xtat' ^apTvpiav, our' et rtvas eV Taif 
 eXvo-dfJirjv, ovr et Ttcrt OvyaTtpas crvv- 
 ovre rwi' rotovrwi^ ouSeV. /cat ya/3 oura> 
 vTreL\.r)<f>a. e'yw vo/u.t^a> roi^ //,> ev Tra^oVra 269 
 8et^ jj.fjivr)o-0a.L TTOivra. rov ^povov, rov Se 
 (TO.VTO. evOvs eTrtXeX^cr^at, et Set roi/ 
 TOV Se /XT) p.LKpo\ljv^ov Troielv epyov 
 TO Se TO.? tStas evepyeo~ta9 VTrop.LfJLvyjcrKLv /cat 
 Xeyett- jjuKpov Seti^ O^OIQV eVri ra> 6*'etSi'eu>, ou
 
 u6 
 
 ST) TroiTJcro) TOIOVTOV ovSeV, ouSe 
 
 ctXX' OTTO)? Trod* vTretX^/z/iat vre/at TOVTCOI>, dp/cet 
 
 /xot. 
 
 270 BovXo/mat Se raw tStwi' aTraXXayets ert p.iKpa 
 77/305 v/xas etTreti' Treyal rait' /cotva)^. et /oiet' yap 
 e^et?, A-lcr^ivrj, ra>v VTTO rovrov TOV r)\iov eivreu' 
 ai>0p(t)7T(i)v ocrrt? cx^wos T^? ^tXtTTTrou Trporepov 
 /cat vw r^5 'AXe^aVSpou Sv^acrretas yiyovtv, 17 
 
 271 raw 'EXX-^^euv ^ raiv fiapfidptov, ecrrw, 
 
 (rot r^v e/x^ etre rv^rjv etre 8uo~rir^tav o 
 tf.iv ySovXet irdvTtov alriav yeyev-fjcrffaL. el Se 
 /cat Taiv ^SeTrwTror' tSo^rwv e/ie /iT^Se (f)coirr)i> 
 aKrjKOOTajv e/xov TroXXot TroXXa /cat Setm TreTroV 
 Oaari, fjir) p.6vov KO.T aVSpa dXXa /cat TroXet? oXat 
 /cat e#JT7, TTOO-O) St/catorepot' /cat akr)6ecrT.pov rrjv 
 
 a.TTcivT(t)V, O)? OIKV, av6p(J)TT(t)V TV^7)V KOUSYJV /Cat 
 
 <f>opdv TWO. irpa.'yiJi.a.Twv -^aXeTrrjv /cat ov^ otai; 
 
 272 eSet rourwi/ atrtav ^yeto-^at ; o~v rolvvv TO.VT 
 cu^et? e/xe ro^ Trapd rovrotcrt TrenoXiTcvfjievov at- 
 rta, /cat ravr' etSw? ort, /cat et /u,^ TO 6'Xov, /ae'po? 
 y' eVt^SaXXet rrjs ^SXao-^/xta? a7rao-t, /cat /xctXt- 
 o~ra crot. et /xet ya/3 eya> /car' e/xavro^ avro- 
 KpaTCDp Trepl TWV Trpay/Adrajv e^8ovXeud/>t^v, r)^ av 
 
 273 rot? aXXot? pT]Top(Tiv vjj.lv jj. atrtao~^at et Se 
 Trapr)T [lev ev rat? e/c/cX^o~tat5 ct7rao~at5, act 8' 
 eV KOLva) TO (rvfj-^epov r) Tro'Xt? TrpovriOei (TKOTrelv, 
 TTacri Sc raur* e'So/cet rdr' aptcrr' etvat, /cat /xaXt-
 
 IIEPI TOT TE<I>ANOT. 117 
 
 o~ra o~ot (ou yap eir evvoia y e/xot 
 \.iri,o(i)v /cat 17X01; /cat Tifiaiv, a TTOLVTO, irpoo~f)v 
 rot? Tore TrparTO/AeVot? vif e/xou, dXXd 7779 dXrj- 
 0et'a9 r)TT(ofjLevo<; oyXovoTL /cat T<5 fjirjoev c^cw 
 eiireiv /SeXrto^), TTOJ? ou/c aSt/cetg /cat 8eti/a TroteT? 
 rovrot? i>vi> lyKaXwv, a>v TOT" OVK et^e? Xe'yct^ 
 /SeXria) ; Trapd ju,ei^ roivvv rot? aXXot? eywy' opw 274 
 iracriv a.v6p(tmoL<; Sta>/3to~/AeVa /cat reray/AeVa TTW? 
 ra rotaura. dSt/cet rt? e/cwi/ ; 6pyv)v /cat rt/xtu- 
 Kara rourov. e^/aapre rt? d/cait' ; o~uy- 
 avr\ TTJS Tt/ttupta? rovrw. OVT' dSt/coii' 
 Tt? OUT' e^afJiapTavcov, ets ra Trctcrt So/coui^ra o~u/>t- 
 <f>epeiv eavrov Sou? ou /carwp^cucre /xe#' aTrdvTwv ; 
 OVK oi^etSt^et^ ouSe \oiBopeLa-0aL TW rotovrw 
 8t/catov, dXXa (rvvd^Oea-BaL. <f)avTJcreTaL ravra 275 
 TrdWa ovra>? ou (JLOVOV rot? Z^O/AOI?, dXXa /cat 17 
 <f>v(n<; avrr) rot? dy/)d<^ot5 t'o/xt/xot? /cat rot? 
 a.v6p(i)TTivoi<s yjBea-i 8twpt/cev. Ato-^tVr^? roivvv 
 TOO~OVTOV v7rp(3e/3Xr)Kev aTrai/ras dv6p(t>Trov<; CU/AO- 
 rr^rt /cat o~VKo<f>avTia O>O~T /cat a)^ auro? w? dru- 
 XTr)p*0'T(i)v fjifJLV7)TO, Ko.1 Taur' e/xou KaTrjyopel. 
 
 Kat 7T/309 rot? dXXot?, a>o-7rep auros aTrXa)? /cat 276 
 /ACT' ewot'as Trd^ra? ei/3^/ca>5 rous Xoyou?, <^uXdr- 
 reti^ e/xe /cat rrjpelv e/ceXeuev, OTTW? /x^ napaKpov- 
 o~o/xat /A^S' ^aTraTTJo~(i}, oewov /cat yorjra /cat 
 /cat TO, rotaur' ovojid^cDV, w? edv 
 
 Tp6<S Tt9 t7T17 TO, 7TpOO~6v0 y CttUTW
 
 n8 
 
 /cat or) TO.V0' oi>Ta>9 e^ovra, Kal ov/ceVt roi>9 d/cov- 
 ovras o~/cei/;o/AeVou9 rt? TTOT' auTO9 ecrriv 6 ravra 
 \eyatv. eyw 8 ' oTS ' on y ty voter Kere rovrov arrav- 
 TC9, /cat TroXu TOVT&) fj.aX\ov 17 /xot 
 
 277 ravra Trpocreti/at. /ca/ceti/o eu oTS', ort 
 SetWTTyra ecrra> yap. /catrot eycuy* o^ai 
 TCOI> Xeydvrcoi/ 8v^a/xea>9 rov? aKOvo^ra? TO 
 (TTOt' /cvptov? a>9 yap av v/xet? aTroSe^cr^e /cat 
 77y>09 e/cacrrot' ex 1 ? 7 ' ewota9, ovra>9 6 Xeycov e8o^e 
 <f>povelv. et 8' ow eo~rt /cat Trap' e/xot rt9 e/x- 
 Tretpta rotavrr^, Tavrrjv peis evpTJcrere 7ra^re9 eV 
 roT9 /cotvot9 l^eratpp.4v^v vnep v/xaV det /cat 
 
 > O /)> e 'C 1 ' 'C 1 ' v ^> ' 
 
 ovoajjiov KO.U v/AOiv ovo tota, 717^ oe rovrou 
 rovvavrtov ov fjiovov rut Xeyet^ VTrep rw^ l^dpoiv, 
 dXXa /cat et rt9 eXvTrrjcre rt rovrov ^ TrpocreKpovo-e 
 TTOV, Kara TOVTW. ov yap avrfj St/cat&K, ovS' 
 
 278 e^>' a o~vfjL(f)pei rrj TrdXet, ^prjraL. ovre yap Tr)i> 
 
 oure r^v e^Opav OVT aXXo ovSe^ rait' TOI- 
 TO^ /caXoi/ Kaya6ov TroXiTrjv Set rou9 v?rep 
 Koivatv eio-eXrjXv Boras St/cao~ra,9 d^tow aurw 
 j3ej3aiovv, ovS' VTrep roura)^ et9 v/xct9 eto~teVat, 
 dXXa /xdXtcrra /w,ei^ /AT) X 6Lir Ta ^ r ' ^ T ^ <vo~et, 
 et 8' dp' avdyKrj, 7rpda>9 /cat /xerpta;9 8ta/cet/xev' 
 ^Lv. eV ricriv ovv o~(j>oopov elvai rov TroXt- 
 revop,evov /cat roi/ prfropa Set ; e^ ot9 raw oXcov 
 rt /ctvSut'everat r>5 TrdXet, /cat eV ot9 Trpo9 rot9 
 
 / rovrots ravra yap
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 119 
 
 yevvaiov /cat dyaBov TroXtVov. ^Sevo? Se dSt- 279 
 KTJjjLaTos TTWTTOTe Srj/uiocrtov, Trpocr^crtu Se 
 tSi'ov, St/op dia>cravTa Xafieiv Trap e/xou 
 VTTfp T>75 7ro'Xeo)5 /^if^' vrrep CLVTOV, (TT<f>dvov KO.L 
 ITTO.LVOV Karrj-yo pia.v rjKtiv (TVVf.CTK^.vao'^.evov, KOI 
 Tcxrovrovcrl Xoyov? d^Xco/ceVat tSta? e^Opa.^ /cat 
 <f)06i>ov /cat /x,t/cpoi//v^ta5 ecrrt crrjfjLtlov, ouSe^o? 
 . TO 8e 8^7 /cat TOV? 77/965 e/xe O.VTOV 
 edcravTa vvv e-rrl roi^S' T^/ceti^ /cat nacrous 
 /ca/ctap. /cat /xot So/cet? e/c rourwt', Alcr^ivq, 280 
 tv Ttva /cat ^cui/acr/cta? /SovXo/xe^o? 
 TOVTOV TrpoeXecrOai rov dytova, OVK 
 ovSevo? XaySetv TLfjLtopiav. eort 8' 
 ovp( 6 Xdyo? rov prjTopos, Aur^u'^, rtjuttov, ovS' o 
 rdi/05 TTJS (f)wvf)<s, dXXa TO ravrd Trpoaipela-dau. 
 
 TO?? TToXXot? /Cat TO TOUS ttVTOV? fJLl(Tlv Kdl <f>L- 
 
 Xeu> ovcrirep av 17 TTarpis. o yap OUTOJ? e^a>^ T^ 281 
 ^v^qv, OUTO? evr' ewota TTOLVT epel- 6 8' d(^>' <5i> 
 17 Tro'Xts Trpoopdrai nva. KLV&VVOV eavTrJ, TOUTOV? 
 6epaTrevo)V OVK eVt T^? avTry? 6p/>tt Tot? vroXXot?, 
 OVKOVV ovoe TrJ? dcr^aXeta? T>)I> avrrjv e^et Trpocr- 
 ooKiav. dXX , opas ; eyw ravrd ydp o~f/x^>- 
 pov0* etXd/oirp TOVTOLCTL, /cat ovSev e^aLperov ot>S' 
 tStov Trevrotry/xat. dp' ovi^ ouSe o~u ; /cat TTO)? ; 282 
 65 ev^ea>5 /XCTO. TT)I> /xd^^v npecrftevTrjs eiropevov 
 
 7T/DO5 ^tXlTTTTOI', O5 17^ TO>^ eV 6/CtI/Ot5 TOt5 ^dl^Ot5 
 
 VV[Ji(j)opa)V atTtO5 Try TraT^tSt, /cat Tav/ dpvov*
 
 120 AHMO2OENOT2 
 
 TrdvTa rov e/JiTrpocrOe ^povov TavTrjv TTJV 
 , o? TrdVres uracrii>. /catrot rts 6 rrjv TTO- 
 XLV e^aTraraiV ; ov% 6 /XT) \eyatv a (frpovel ; r<a 
 S' 6 Krjpv Ka.Tapa.Tai 8t/catcus ; ov TW TOLOVTO) ; 
 
 Tl Se fJieitpV \OL Tt? O.V LTT6iV aSt/C^/Att KOLT O.V- 
 
 Spos pyTopos TI et pri TavTa (ftpovel /cat Xeyet ; 
 283 (TV TOivvv ovro? evpeQrjs. eTra crv <^6eyyr) /cat 
 ets ra rovTwt' Trpocranra roX/xa? ; 
 
 aurov? oVrt? et ; ^ rocroi)- 
 
 VTTVOV KOI r)v ttTTavTa? ex eti; war ou 
 
 TOV? Xoyov? ou? eS^/x^yo/aets cV rai 
 
 etvat o"Ot /cat <I>tXt7r7rw Trpay/xa, dXX* e/xe 
 atrtav crot TavTyv eirdyeiv r^g tSta? eVe/c' 
 284 ou/c oucrav d\r)0r) ; w? S' a.7rr)yye\6r) 
 
 17 fJ'd'X 7 }' v$v rovT(DV <f>povTicra<s v0<o<; w/xoXo- 
 yet? /cat TrpoaeTTOiov <tXtai> /cat ^eviav etvai o"ot 
 7T/305 O.VTOV, Ty fjLicr0apvi.a ravra jaerart^e/xe^o? 
 ra ot'o/xara e/c Trota? ya^> tcr^? -^ St/cata? 77y>o- 
 
 crr/ata? ^eVo? ^ <tXos ^ y^w^t/xo? 
 eyw ttei/ ov^ opa), dXX' 
 
 <TVfJL<f)epovTa SiatftOeipeiv. dXX' o/xtu? 
 eptos avro? etX^/x/xeVo? TrpoSoTi^s /cat 
 /caret craurov /XT^I^VT^? evrt rot? o*v/x/8ct<ri yeyo- 
 ^a>? e/xot XoiSopet /cat ovetSt^et? raura, 
 ras /xaXXov airtovs
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 121 
 
 IloXXd /cat /caXd /cat /xeydXa 17 TroXts, AuTYU'ty, 285 
 /cat TrpoetXero /cat /carwp&ucre St' e'/xou, a^ ou/c 
 ^/x^/iovrycrei'. crrjfjielov Se- yeLporovwv yap 6 
 Sry/xo? rov epovvT eVt rot? TereXevrry/cocrt 
 aura ra crv^avra. ov ere e^et/aoroV^cre 
 
 , /catVe/3 evffxoisov OVTOL, ovSe A^yaaSryv, a/>rt 
 
 rf)V eipT/jvrjv, ouS' 
 aXXoi/ vfjLwv ouSeVa, dXX' e/xe. /cat 
 crov /cat riu^o/cXeous ti/xcu? /cat aVatSai?, a) Zeu 
 /cat #e<H, /cat /caT^yopowrwi^ e/xoi) raura a /cat 
 cru vvi't, /cat XotSopov/xeVav, er' a^ivov e^etpo- 
 Tovya'f.v e/u-e. TO S' alriov OVK dy^oet? />teV, o/tws 286 
 Se (frpdcra) crot /cdyw. d//,<^orep' ^fSecrav avrot, 
 evvoLav /cat irpodv^Lav, p.f.6* ^s ra 
 e-irpoLTTov, /cat r^ vp-erepav aSt/a'ai; 
 a ya/3 tvdtvovvTwv TWV TrpayfJLaTOJV rjpvelcrBe Sto- 
 ravr' ei^ of? eTrratcrei' 17 rroXts to/>toXo- 
 
 yifcrare. TOV? ovr eVt rot9 /coti'ot? 
 
 TrdXat, 
 
 Se TO^' riyqcravro auToT? yeyez^cr^at. 
 etra /cat TrpocnJKeLv vTroXaja/Sdi/o^re? TOI^ Ipovvr 287 
 eVt rots rereXevr^/cdcrt /cat TT)^ e/cetVcoi^ a.perr]v 
 
 pT]0' OfJi(i)p6<f)lOl> fJLTJ0 y O^OCTTTOV^OV 
 
 eti^at rot? 77^09 e/cetVou? napara^a- 
 /xeVot?, /xr^S' e/cet /xei^ /cw/xd^et^ /cat ira.uaviiCf.w 
 eVt rat<? rail/ 'EXXry^wv cru/x^)opat9 /xerd rait' avro- 
 TOV <j)6vov, Sev/oo S' tWovTa. rt/xdcr^at,
 
 122 
 
 , aXXa rrj $v)(r) crvmXyeu'. TOVTO 
 8' e(op(t)i> Trap eavTot? /cat Trap 1 e/xot', napa 8' 
 vfjuv ov. Sta ravr' e/xe ^E.iporoviqa'a.v /cat ou^ 
 288 vfjias. /cat ov^ o M^ S^/to? ourco?, ot 8e rail' 
 TTeXevTT7/cdrcot' Trarepe? /cat dSeX^ot ot UTTO TOU 
 $TJfjiOv TO0* alpeOevTes eVt ra? rackets aXXw? 
 7ra>5, dXXa 8eo^ TTOLZIV avrov? TO Trepi&f.nrvov w? 
 Trap' ot/cetoraroj rwt' reTeXevr^/cdraj^, axnrep raXX' 
 eia)0 yiyvecrBai, rovr eTroirjcrav Trap 1 e/xot. et/cd- 
 Tcu? yeVet /xet' yap e/cacrro? e/cao~T6j /xaXXoz; 
 ot/ceTo? ^i^ e/zou, KOLVYJ Se Tracriv ovSet? eyyvrepw 
 <w yct/> c/cet^ov? craiOrjvaL /cat /carop#a>o~at yu,a- 
 Xto~ra St^>eyoev, ouro? /cat iradovrtov a yai^ TTOT' 
 axf>6\ov rrj? vTrep O.TTO.VTWV XVTTT^? TrXetcrro^ /xe- 
 
 289 Aeye 8' aurw rourt TO eTrtypa/x/xa, 6 
 7T/)oetXeTO 17 770X15 avTO?? e7Tty/5ar//at, 
 Alcr^Lvr), /cat ev auTaJ TOVTW cravTov 
 /cat crvKofya.vT'fjv ovra /cat /juapov. Aeye 
 
 EHirPAMMA. 
 
 Trarpa? o/tKa cr^erepas fts S^pir Wtvro 
 oTrXa, Kai avriTraAwv vfipw aTrecrKe'Satrav. 
 /aapva/ievot S' apti^? xai 8ei//.aTos OVK ecracotrav 
 ifrv)(d<i, dAA' 'AiSrjv KOIVOV Wfvro (3pa/3f), 
 
 (TTvyepav d/A<^>is e^wcriv vflpw.
 
 HEP! TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 123 
 
 yaia St Trarpis ^t KoATrois rail' 7rArra 
 
 CTtofiaT', CTTci ^Vr/TOlS CK AlOS T/Se KpUTlS ' 
 
 fj.i}8fv u/xapTcTv ccrrt ^ctwv KCU TTOVTO. KaropOovv 
 cv ^torrj, fjidipav 8* ou TI <f>vyelv CTropev. 
 
 'A/covet?, \lcr\ivf], /ecu ei^ avroj rovrw, a5 TO 290 
 
 apapTelv ecrrt #ea>i' /cat Tra^ra KaropBovv 
 ov TO) crv/x^8ouXa> r^ rou Karopdovv rous ctyooj/i- 
 ^o/xeVov? dve0rjK Svvafjuv, aXXd rot? ^eot?. rt 
 ow, a) /carapar', e/aol Trept roura>v XotSopet, /cal 
 Xeyet? a crol /cat rot? <roi9 ot ^eot r/3i//etav et? 
 
 IIoXA.a TOLVVV, at oivSpes *A.01)V<UOI /cat aXXa 291 
 Ka.Tfj'yopr) KOTOS avrov /cat /carei^evcr/xeVov, /xa- 
 Xtcrr' 0avp.a.cra iravTw, ore TUP o~vjj.{Bef3r)K6T<t)v 
 Tore rrj TroXct /x^cr^et? ot^ a>5 av ewou? /cat 
 St'/cato<? TToXtr^? ecr^e r^v yv(L^i)v, ou8' eSa/cpn- 
 cret', ouS' Tra0e TOLOVTOV ovoev TYJ ^v^y, ciXX' 
 eVapa? TT)I^ <f>a)vr)v /cal yeyrjOaj? /cat Xapvyyi^ajv 
 wero /xet' e/xoO /cariyyopetv 817X01^0x1, Sety/xa 8' 
 ^' eaurou ort rot? yeyei^/xeVot? d^ta- 
 6/xotw5 ecr^c roT? aXXot?. /catrot roi^ 292 
 rail' vo^-div /cat rrj? TroXtreta? ^>dcr/covra fypovri- 
 tf.w, ato-ntp ouros vui/t, /cat et prjoev dXXo, TOUTO 
 y' ex etz/ ^ ^ Tai ^ Ta XvTreto-0a.L /cat raurd ^atpetv 
 rot? TroXXot?, /cat /xr) r^ TrpoatpeVet roiv KOU>(*)V 
 
 iv TQ> TO)V VO.VTl.(DV tttpet TTOL)^0ai.. O (TV VVvl 
 
 et (^ai^epo?, e/xe TTOLVTOIV atrtov /cat St'
 
 124 AHM020ENOT2 
 
 e/xe 6t9 TTpdy/JLara. (frdcrKuv ett7recreii> rrjv TTO\IV, 
 
 OV/C OLTTO T-fjS e/XT}? TToXtTCta? OvSc TTpOaLpO~(O^ 
 
 293 dp^a^4v(j)v vp.a)v TCH<? ^EXXTicrt fio~q6ei.v, evret 
 e/xoty* el TOVTO 006 tir) Trap' vfJLtov, 8t' e/xe u/ 
 rjvavr iota Oai rrj Kara r<t)v 'EXX^vwi^ apx 
 TOfjieiw), /xet^wv a^ So^eti^ Swyoea crv/xTracr&j^ ai^ 
 rot? aXXot? SeSw/care. dXX' ovr' a^ eyw raOra 
 <f>rj<TaifJii (dbiKofyv yap civ v/xa?), our* a^ v/xe?9 
 ev oTS* ort o-vy^fopTJa-aLre ovros r' t Succua 
 eV-e/ca rrj? 77^09 e/xe e^0pa<; ra 
 KaXaw eySXaTrre /ecu Ste- 
 
 294 'AXXa rt ravr' eVtrt/xw, TroXXw 
 
 aXXa KaTTjyopr) KOTOS CLVTOV Kal Karex//evcr/xeVov ; 
 og yap e/xou ^)tXi7r7rtcr/xw, a> yrj /cat ^eot, 
 yoptL, TI OVTO? ov/c av etTroi ; /catrot 
 'Hpa/cXea /cat TTOLVTO.^ Oeovs, et y' evr' d 
 Se'ot cr/coTreto'^at, TO fcarai//eu8ecr^at /cat St' 
 eyOpav rt Xeyeti' d^eXwra? e/c /xeVov, rtVe? &>? 
 d\r)0a)<; eio-iv of? a^ et/cdrw? /cat St/catw? T^V 
 rail' yeyev^/xeVa)^ alriav CTTI Tr)^ K(f>aXr)v dva- 
 6elev aTravres, TOV? o/xotov? TOVTO Trap' e/cd<TT^ 
 
 295 TCW TrdXeojt' evpoir dv, ov TOV? e/xot ot 6V 771; 
 dcrOeirfj TO, <J>tXt7r7rov Trpdy/xaTa /cat /co/xtS^ 
 TToXXd/ct? TrpoXeyo^Tcov 17/xwz' /cat Trapa/ca 
 
 /cat StSacr/cdi'Tcut' TO, /SeXTtcrTa, TT^? tSta? 
 
 TC\ KOLVTT) crvfjL^epovTa irpo'levTO
 
 HEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 125 
 
 TOU<? virdp^ovras e/cacrrot vroXtra? 
 /cat Sia($eipoiTe9, ea>5 SovXov? fTroirjcrav, erra- 
 Xous Aao^os Kw>e'a9 pao-uSaos, 'Ap/caSa? Kep- 
 /ctSa<? 'lepaW/xos Eu/ca/ATuSas, 'Apyetou? Mupris 
 TeXeSa/xo? Mi/acre'a?, 'HXetov? Eu^t^eo? KXeo'ri/xos 
 
 eo-cr^^tov? ot 4>tXtaSov rou 
 v TratSe? Ncwv /cat pacruXo^o?, 
 'Aptcrrparo? 'ETTt^ap^?, Kopi^t'ov? 
 A^/xapero?, Meyapea? IlrotoSajpo? "EXt^o? Ilept- 
 Xao?, Q^^Satov? Tt/xo'Xa? Beoyetrwv ' 
 Eu^Soe'a? "iTTTrap^o? KXetrap^o? S 
 eVtXett/fet /xe Xeyovra 17 rj^epa ra TW^ TrpoSorai^ 296 
 
 ourot Trai/re? etcrtV, ai'Spe? ' 
 avTa>v /3ov\VfJLaTO)v ev rats CLVTMV 
 a)V7rep OVTOL Trap v/xtv, cLvOpomoi fjaapol /cat /coXa- 
 /ce? /cat dXdcrTopes, ^/cpwrr^ptacr/xeVot ra? eavTa>v 
 /ca<Trot TrarptSa?, r^ eXev^e/otav TrpoTTCTrcu/coTe? 
 irporepov ^kv <J>tXt7T7ra) i/vi/ Se 'AXe^ai'Spoj, r^ ya- 
 orpt fj.Tpovi>T<; /cat rot? atcr^tcrrot? rr)i> evSat/xo- 
 ^tav, T^V S' tXevOepiav /cat TO /x^SeVa ex et1 ^ ^ " 
 cnroTrjv CLVTCOV, a rot? Trporepot? ^EXX^o-tv opot 
 rai^ aya.dwv rjcrav /cat /caw^e?, d^arerpa^oTe?. 
 
 Tavr^? Toivvv TTJS OUTOJ? alcr^pa.^ /cat Trepiftoij- 297 
 rou o-uo-rao-ea;? /cat /ca/aas, /xaXXov 8', a) ai^Spes 
 
 236. 'HSe'eus 8' ui/ cycjye, oi 'A^r/vaiot, cvavriov i/xwv 6/x.oXo- 
 Trpos TOV ypuujsavTO. TO \j/r'](f)icrfj.a, Sia Trot'u? ciepyeerias 
 A^/IOCT^CVT/V o"T/>ttvaxrttt. ei /icv yap Aeyets, o0cv r^v
 
 126 
 
 i, vrpoSocrtag, et Set fj^rj Xrjpelv, rrjs ra>v 
 e\v0epia<;, rj re TroXt? rrapd TTOLCTW dv- 
 a>TroL<s dvatrto? yeyovev IK rtov e/xaii/ TroXtrev- 
 /cat eya> Trap' v/xtv. etrd yu,' epcora? dvrt 
 Trota? dperrjs OL^LO) Ti^acrOaL ; eyw Se crot Xeyco, 
 ort TWI/ TroXtrevo/xeVwv irapa rot? ''EXX^crt 8ta- 
 (f>6apevTO)v aTrdvTtov, dpa.fjieva)i> duo crov, irpo- 
 repov /xev VTTO ^>tXt7T77-ou vw S' V7r' ' 
 
 298 e^ae ovre /catpo? ovre <^i\av9pa)Trla Xoycoi> 
 eVayyeXtajv /Aeye^og ovr' eXTrt? ovre <^>oy8o? ovr' 
 aXXo ovSe^ eirripev ovSe TrpOTyyayero a>^ e/cptva 
 Stfcatwi' /cat crvfji(f)6p6vTa)v rff TrarptSt, ovSei' TTyoo- 
 Sovvat, ovS', ocra crv/x^8e/3ovXeuica 7r&J7rore rotn 
 TOtcrt, ojLtotaj? v/zit' wcTTrep a^ Tpvrdvrj perrons enl 
 TO Xrj/jLfjia o~V)U,/3e^SovXef/ca, dXX' aTT* op6fj$ /cat 
 Si/caia? /cat d$La(f>@6pov rr)? x//v^5, /cat /xeyto-rco^ 
 8^ Trpay/AarcDV rai^ /car' e^avTov dvBpanraiv rrpo- 
 crrds Trdvra ravra i/ytw? /cat St/catw? TreTroXtrev- 
 
 299 ytxat. 8td ravr' d^tai rtju,do-$at. ro^ Se 
 rovroi', ov cru />tov SteVvpe?, /:a.t r^v 
 
 d^ta /iez^ ^dptro? /cat erraivov Kpiva>, TTOJ? yap ov; 
 Troppo) fJLtvTOt, TTOV Twv e/xavToj 
 
 TOV i//7y</>tcr/AaTOs eTrot^tra), on ras ra^>povs ras 
 KaAws tTacjtpeucre, $aiyAaa> crov. TOV yap raCr e 
 (rOrjvat KaXws TO ytyei^o"^ai TOUTCOV aiTtov yuci'^a) Ka-rrp/optav 
 %et ov yap TrepL^apaKo'xravTa ^pr/ TU. TCL^-TJ ovSe TO.S 8r//u.oo-ias 
 Ta</>tts dveAovTa TOI' 6p6(t><; TrcTroAiTCit/xeVov Stopeas aiTerv, tiX/V 
 aya^oi) TIVO? amov yeycv^ytceVov T^ TroXci.
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 127 
 
 rt#e/xat. ov Xt#otg trefyura rrjv iroXiv ovSe TT\LV- 
 #ot<? eyai, ovS' eVt TovYot? peyio-rov raiv e/xavTov 
 (frpovto ' dXX' lav rov e/xov Tet^tcr/xo^ ftovXr) St- 
 /catcu? OTKOTreiv, evpij<Ti<; oTrXa /cai TroXet? /cat 
 TO7TOU9 Kat Xt/xeVa? /cat >av5 /cat TroXXou? tTTTrou? 
 /cat Tou? VTrep TOUTWP' d/AUfoyaeVov?. ravra Trpov- 3 
 flaKofJirjv eyaj 77/30 TTJS 'Arrt/crjs, ocrov T)V av6p<o- 
 TTtVoj Xoytcr/xw Sv^arot', /cat rovrotg eret^tcra r^ 
 ywpa.v, ov%l rov KVK\OV rov Iletpatws ouSe rov 
 dcrrecu?. ovSe y' -^rr^Oi^v eya> rot? Xoytoyxot? 4>t- 
 XtTrTrou, TToXXou ye /cat Set, ovSe rat? TTapacTKCv- 
 at?, dXX' ot raiv arv^d^oiv (rrparrjyol /cat at 
 
 eVa/ayet? /cat (f>avepaL cr/coTretre Se. 
 
 Tt XP*} V Tov tvvovv TroXirrfv iroieiv, ri rov /xera 3Q 1 
 
 Trpovota? /cat Trpo^v/xta? /cat St/catoo~u^5 
 rrj? Trarpt'So? TroXirevopevov ; OVK e/c /u,ei> 
 rrjv Eu/3otav TrpoftaXeo-Ocu, irpo TT}? 
 e/c oe TT^? /xeo^oyeta? TT)Z/ Botcurtai', e/c 
 
 oe TWI^ Trpo? HeXoTrowT^o"^ roTrwt' TOV? 6/zopous 
 ravry ; ov rrjv o~tro7ro/u,7rtat', OTTW? rrapa rrao~av 
 </>tXiW d^pt rov IIetpat&>5 /co/xtcr^VeTat, irpot'Se- 
 
 /cat TO, /xev o"ajcrat Toit' inrap^ovrcov e/c- 302 
 
 orjOeias /cat \4yovra /cat ypd^ovra 
 TotavTa, T^ Ilpo/cd^^o-ov, T^J/ Xeppovrfcrov, rrjv 
 Teveoov, ra o' OTT&J? ot/ceTa /cat 
 
 L, TO Bv^dvTtov, T^ *A/3vSo^,
 
 128 
 
 Ka T0)v fJLev Tots 
 rds fteyurras d<eXetv, &v 8' eVeXetTre TT; TrdXet, 
 raura tTpocrdtivai >' ravra TOLVVV aTravra TTC- 
 Trpa/crat rots e/i.ots i//i^^)t(r/u,acr(, xat rot? e/xot? 
 
 303 zroXtrev/AacrtP', a /cat /BefiovXevjjieva, a> avSpe? 
 
 t, eav aVev <f>06vov rt? ySouX^rat cr/co- 
 a? evpTJcrei, /cat ireTrpay^eva. irdo-y 81- 
 Kaiocrvvr), /cat rov e/cacrrou xaipov ov irapeOevTa 
 ovS' a.yvo-^0VTa ovSe TrpoeOevra VTT e/xov, /cat 
 ocra t? evo? a.t'Syao? Swa/mtv /cat Xoytcr/xov 
 ovSe^ eXXet($eV. et Se ^ Sat/xovo? TWOS "^ 
 to-^vs i} (Trpar'^ywv (f>av\6r-rj<? r) TMV 
 ras Tro'Xets u/xo^i' /ca/cta ^ TrdVra ravra 
 rots 6'Xots, eo>9 averpe^av, rt A^/xocr^eV^s dSt/cet ; 
 
 304 et S' oto? eyw 7ra/o' v/xtv /caret r^ e/xavrou ra^tv, 
 ets e^ e/cao~ri7 ra^ 'EXXi^vtSwv TrdXew^ d^p eye- 
 vero, fjiaXXov 8' t e^a aVSpa ^QVOV ^JerraXta /cat 
 IVa aVSpa 'Ap/caSta ravra <f>povovvTa eo-^e^ e/xot, 
 ouSets ovre rtoi/ e^w IlvXaiv 'EXX^co^ ovre 
 
 305 eto-a> rot? Trapoixri /ca/co?9 lx)(fnifF av, dXXa 
 re? ai' 6Vre<? eXcvOepoL /cat auroVo/xot /xera 
 clSeta? do-<^)aXw9 ez^ euSat/xowa rd? eavTuv M 
 TrarptSag, rtuv roo~our6>v /cat rotovrw^ ayaOwv 
 /cat rot? dXXot? 'A^vatots exo^res x^ ll/ ^ l ' 
 
 wa 8' etSrjre ort TroXXw rots Xdyots eXarroo~t 
 vpai/xat raji/ epyaiv, evXa/Sov/xe^os TOI> <]>66vov, 
 Xeye /aot ravrt /cat avdyvwOi, Xa/3a>v.
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 129 
 
 *H4>I2MATA. 
 
 Tavra /cat Totavra TrpdrTf.iv, Aio~\ivr), TOP KOL- 36 
 \ov Kayadov Tro\LTrjv Set, 5)v KaTopBovpevcov /x,e> 
 /xeytcrTOt9 ava.fjL(f>LO~l3r}TTJT(D<; vTrrjp^ev elvat, /cat TO 
 St/cata>9 Trpocrfjv, a>9 Tc]pa>? 8e o~vfj./3dvT(DV TO yovv 
 TfepLecrTi /cat ro /xr^SeVa /ae/A^>ecr^at rr)i> 
 e T-^V Tfpoa.ipe(TLv avrrj?, dXXa r^ ru- 
 /ca/ct'eii' r^v ovrtu ra Tr/aay/xara Kpivaa-av, ov 37 
 />ta At' ot/c aTrocrra^ra rai^ (rv^epovT^v Ty TTO- 
 Xet, fjuo-6(t>o-ai>Ta 8 ' O.VTOV rot? eVa^rtot?, 
 
 V7T/3 TWI' \6 p<^V KOLtpOVS OLVT\ TO)V TTJ 
 
 OepaTrevew, ovoe TOV fJLev Trpay/iara a^ta 7^5 TTO- 
 Xeco? vTrocrravra Xeyetv /cat ypd^).iv /cat /AeVetp 
 eVt TOUTGJ^ /8acr/catVetv, e'ow> Se' rt? tStia rt \v7njo~rj, 
 TOVTO fjLfJivr)O'6aL /cat TrjpeLv, ovoc y rjcrv^iai' 
 dyetv dSt/cov /cat VTrovXo^, 6 cru Trotet? TroXXct/ct?. 
 eort yap, ecrTiv rjo-v^ia St/caux /cat o~vfji(f>povo-a. 308 
 r^ TroXet, ^ ot TroXXot Tui^ vroXtraiv v/xet? ctTrXai? 
 dyere. dXX* ov TavTrjv ovro? dyet r^v ^crv^iav, 
 TroXXov ye /cat Set, dXX' aTrocrrd? orat' avra> Sd^ry 
 
 2 1 6. AAAa /ecu Trfv fjtrv^tav fiov TOV fiiov Sic^SoAAct Kai Trjs 
 triwTnJs p.ov Kan/yope?, iva /LtT/Sels avrw TOTTO? dc 
 TrapaAetTTT^rai, KCU ras cv TOIS yv/xvacriots /xera raiv vewrepcjv 
 Starpi/Sas Ka.Ta.fJiiJi<f>Ta.L, KOI Kara r^crSe r^s Kpicred)? cu^us d^ 
 
 UVOS TOU AoyOU (ptpt'l Ti^Ci CtlTtCtV, A.CyO)V, (I)S CyW TT7V 
 
 ou^ uTrcp r^s 7ToA.eu>s eypai/'a/x.T^v, dAX' evSetxvu/xevos '^ 
 
 Trpos avTov f)(()pa.v. 217. cai v^ At", d>5 cyw irvvOu.vo- 
 
 9
 
 130 AHM020ENOT2 
 
 rrjs TToXtretag (TroXXa/cts Se So/cet) (/)vXarret 
 
 /xecrrot rov crwe^w? Xe'yoi'To? 77 Trapa 
 TL crvfJi/3pr)Kev eVavTito/za 17 aXXo rt Svcr/co- 
 \ov ye'yove (TroXXa Se TavOpoiTTiva) elr eirl TOUTOJ 
 ra> Kcupco pr)Ta)p latyvr)S CK r^s ^cru^ta? axruep 
 l(f>dvr), /cat Tre^aj^acr/c^/cw? /cal crwetXo^a>9 
 /cat Xoyovs crvveiptt, TOVTOVS cravats /cat 
 ovrjcrw JJLCV ovSe/xtav <f>epovTa.<; ouS ' 
 /cr^crtv ovSevos, <TV(M<f>opav Se TW 
 309 TOW TToXtrcii^ Kat KOLvrjv alcr^yvyjv. /catrot 
 r^s (JLeXeTTqs /cat Tiy9 eTTt/xeXeta?, Atcr^t^, et 
 e/c \jjvxrjs St/cata? eytyvero /cat ra TT^? T 
 o-v/JL^epovTa TrpoyprjfjLevrjs, rov? KapTrovs eSet yej^- 
 VCLLOWS /cat /caXou? /cat Tracrt^ a(^eXt)u,ov? eti^at, 
 TTOpou? 
 
 3 10 aTToet^etcrti/ ^po^ e^a^rtw/xara. TOUTO>^ yap 
 )v eV rot? aVa> \p6vois e'^e'racrt?, /cat 
 6 irape\9ti)v xpovos TroXXa? cxTroSet^et? aV- 
 Spt /caXoj re /cdya^w, eV ots ovSa/xov (TV <^>a^cret 
 w?, ov Trpwro?, ov Seurepo?, ov rptro?, ov 
 
 C aveporrav, Sta TI' TO /AV K<^)aAatov T^S TroAtretas 
 avrov i/'eyw, ra 8e Ka^' tKacrroi' ov/c tKojAvov 0^8' eypa.(f)6/j.r]v, 
 dAAa StaAtTrwv /<ai Trpos T^V TroAirctav ov TTVKVO. 
 veyxa T^V ypa^v. eyw 8e ovre ras Aiy/Mo 
 e^Acu/ca, OVT CTTI rai.s f/Jiavrov alcr^yvofjiaL, ovre TCWS f.lprjp.fvov<i 
 (.v vfuv Adyoi>9 e/Atti)T<5 dpp^rovs eivat ftov\oi/j.Trjv, ovre TO. avra 
 TOVTW Brjfjirjyop'tjcra'; eSe^aya^v ai> ^v.
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE<I>ANOT. 131 
 
 ov Tre/xTTTog, ou^ e/cros, oix OTTOOTO- 
 crovv, OVKOVV eVt y of? 17 Trarpls rjv^dvero. Tt's 
 yap crujLt/xa^ta o"ou Trpd^avTos yeyove ry TroXet ; 
 rts Se fiorj0La r) /cr^crts evt'ota? 17 80^775 ; rts 8e 
 Trpecrfieia ; TLS Staicop'La St' ^v 17 TroXt? e 
 
 re/aa ; rt T&^ ot/cetcu^ 7 ral/ ry^tKOJi^ /cat 
 
 , of? 7recrri5, 7rrva)0a)Tai ; Trotat 
 
 Trota /SeXi7 ; Trotot ^ewtrot/cot ; rt? eTTtcr/cevr) ret- 
 ; TTOIOV LTTTTIKOV ; rt rcoz^ aTra^rwv cru 
 
 
 fjio<s e ; rt? 17 rot? euTTopot? 17 rot; aTro/aot? TTO- 
 XLTLKT) /cat KOLvr) (3otj0ia yjprmdTtov ; ouSe/ata. 
 aXX', a) rav, et ja^Se^ TOVTO>^, evvoid ye /cat TT^O- 3 12 
 BvfJLia ; TTOV ; TTOTC ; oVrts, a) iravrtov dSt/cwrare, 
 ovS' ore aVai'Te?, ocrot TT^TTOT e<j)0yai>TO eVt 
 rou yS^/xaro?, ets crajTvjpiav eVeStSocrai', /cat ro 
 
 TO o~v^etXey/>teVo^ et? r>)v 
 ta^, ot>Se Tore ovre TrapTJX^e? ovr' eVe'Sw/ca? 
 ovoeV, ov/c a.7ropan>, vrois yap ; o? ye KK\r)povo- 
 
 row /o7Seo~ro 
 
 , StraXavroi' 8' 
 
 epavov aipev rrapa rait' T^ye/xo^cuv rai^ O~U/X/MO- 
 
 of? 
 
 aXX' tva ^,17 Xoyov e/c Xoyov Xeywv rou Trapoi/ro? 3 J 3 
 epavTov eKKpovcra), 7rapaXeti//a> ravra. dXX' ort 
 y' ou^t 8t' e^Setav ou/c eTre'Sw/ca?, e/c rovrw^ SrJXot', 
 dXXa <^vXdrrwv TO /xrjSei' cvavriov ye^eV^at napd 
 <TOV TOVTOIS ots aTraz/ra TroXtrev^. eV Tt'crw
 
 132 AHMO2@ENOT2 
 
 crv veavas /cat irrjviKa a/xTT^s ; Tjvt/c av Kara. 
 TOVTOIV TI Bey, ev TOVTOIS Xa/xTT-po^wvoTaTos, fj.vr)- 
 
 aptcrro<?, jyjayt/cos @eo- 
 
 3 J 4 Elra rutf irporepov yeyevrj fj.lv MV ayaOatv av- 
 Kal /caXai? Trote??. ou 
 
 ecrTiv, apes yvaoi, TTJV TT^OO? rov? 
 TereXevrry/cdra? evvoiav VTrdp^ova'av 
 Trap vfJLa>i> TT/oo? e/cetVov? e^era^et^ /cat 
 315 Xew e/xe rov vw t^vra fJieO' u/xwv. rt? ya/> ou/c 
 otSe rai^ TT&vTtov on roT? /xei' ^wcrt Tracrtv mrecrrt 
 rts 'i} TT\el(j)v rj eXarrwt' fyBovos, rou? re^eaira? 8e 
 ouSe TOJI^ .^9pa)V ovSet? ert /xtcret ; ovra>5 
 
 fypVTQtV TOVTOiV rff <f)V(TL, TTpb<S TOV? 7T/OO Cf 
 
 TOV vvv eyw /cyotv&j/xat /cat 6ea)p<t)fJLai ; /x^S 
 ovre yap 8t/cato^ ovr' t<rov, Atfr^tvry, dXXa 
 o~e /cat aXXoi> et rti^a /SovXet rait' ravra crot 
 3i6/3T7/aeVtu^ /cat ^w^rcot'. /cd/cetvo cr/co7ret. irorepov 
 /caXXtoi> /cat a^ivov rfj TrdXet Sia ra? 
 
 257. "Orav 8' CTTI rcXeirr^s ^8?; TOU Xoyou trwr/yopov? 
 KOtvwi'oi's TWV 8(Dpo8oKr)p.a.Twv avToi TrapaKaA^, vTroXap.fta.virf. 
 opav 7Tt TOV yS^aros, ou rw CCTTT^KOJS eyw Aeyco, avTiTrapare- 
 
 ^V TOUTWV dcrc'Xyeiav TOWS T^S 7rdXa)s 
 /xev TOV KaAAto-Tots vd/x.ois Kocr^rjcravTa rrjv 
 av8pa <j>t.\6(ro<j>ov Kal vofjioOtTrjv ayaBov, o-aw^pdvws, ws 
 aurai, Scdju.evoi' vp.)V fj.r]8fvl TpoTrw TOVS Ar^/xoo'^evous Adyovs 
 Trepi TrXei'ovos TroLr}cra(T6ai r^av opKwv Kat TWV VO/AWV, 258. 'Apt- 
 <TTei8rjv 8e TOV TOVS ^>dpovs Taf avTa Tots "EAAi;o-tv.
 
 IIEPI TOT 2TE4>ANOT. 133 
 
 Ttpov eve/oyecrta<?, oucra? V7re^>/Aeye#ets, ov /xe> ovv 
 eiTrot Tt<? av rjXiKas, ra? eVt TOV Trapovra fiiov yt- 
 yi/o/AeVa? ets a.^apio'ria.v /cat TrpoTrr^Xa/ctcr/Lio^ 
 cxyeti^, 17 Tratrtv 6Vot Tt /ACT* cui/otas TT parr over i, 
 rrjs rovrw rt/x^5 /cat <j>i\avOp(imia.<> /aereti/at ; 
 /cat /AT)^ et /cat TOUT' a/aa Set /AC eiirelv, 77 /ACI^ e/A^ 3 1 ? 
 TroXtTeta /cat -nyjoai'/aecrt?, a^ Tt? opdax; O-KOTTYJ, 
 Ta?5 TWI/ TOT' eVatrov/neVwt' avSpuv 6/xota /cat 
 TavTa fiovXanevrj <f>avTJcreTa.L, 17 Se cri) Tat? TOJI> 
 TOV5 TotouTov? TOTe crvKO^>a.vrovvrwv BrjXov yap 
 oTt /cat /caT* e/cetvov? rjcrdv Ttve? ot Stacrupoi>Tes 
 TOW? oi^Ta? TOT, Tou? Se TTporcpov yeyev^/xeVou? 
 6TTTJVOW, /Bda'Kai'OV Trpay/xa /cat TauTO Trotov^TC? 
 <rot. ctra Xcyets as ovSev o/u,oto5 t//,t e/cet^ot? 3 X 8 
 eya> ; <ru S' o/xoto?, hicryivr) ; 6 8' dSeX^o? 6 
 era? ; aXXo? 8e Tt? Taiv PuV prjropatv ; eya> /xev 
 ouSeVa <j>rj/JiL dXXa Trpo? TOU? ^uvras, a> 
 Iva /njSeV ctXX' etTrcu, TOV ^wi'Ta eeYae 
 /cat TOW? /ca^' auTw, axnrep TaXXa irdvra, TOVS 
 
 , TOUS ^opou?, TOU? dywvtorTa?. 6 <I>iXa/A- 319 
 OTt rXau/cou TOU KapucrTtou /cat rivtav 
 
 189. KaiVoi TrwddvofjiaL y avrov /xe'AAeiv Xcycii/, w? ov 8t/caia 
 TrapaySaAAwv avr<3 TO. TWV Trpoyovtov pya ovSe yap 4>i- 
 a (f>r)cri TOV irvicrrjv OA.iyjf7ua.cn crre^avcu^Tyi'ai vtKr/crai^ra 
 FXav/cov TOV TraXatov' CKCIVOV 7n;CTTyi/, aAXa TOUS <ca$ eairrov 
 dycjvwrras, cocnrcp uyxa9 ayvoovvras, on TOI? />tv 7rtcTai5 COTIV o 
 dyajv Trpos dAA^Xous, rots 8' afiowri o-T^)arovcr^ai Trpos aurrjv 
 TT^V aprnjv, rjs KCU evcKa o*TC^>ai/owrai.
 
 134 AHMO20ENOT2 
 
 Tep<i)V irporepov yeyevr)iJivct)v 
 
 crre/3O5 rjv, do-re^xx^wros e/c rrj? 'OXv/x,7rta? a77r?et, 
 
 ClXX' OTt TO)V etO-eX#oWan> 77/305 O.VTOV d/OlCTTa 
 
 e/xa^ero, ecrre^avovro /cat VLKUV avrjyopevfTO. 
 Kal (TV 77/005 rou5 ^vv opa /ae prjropas, 77/305 
 cravroV, 77/305 ovTLva /SouXet Taii^ a.7rdvTO)v ov- 
 
 320 SeVa e^tcrra/xat. wi/, ore /ne^ r^ 77oXet ra /8eX- 
 TLCTTa eXecrOau Trapyjv, e^apiXXov rfjs 15 
 77ar/3t8a ewoia5 f KOLVO* 77ao"t Kei/aeV/75, 
 KpaTicrra \ey<av l(^aivo^v, KOI rot5 tpois /cat 
 i//T7^)tcr/aac7t /cat vd/u,ot5 /cat 77/oeo~y8etat5 airavTa 
 Stw/cetro, vfjLO)v Se ovSets ^v ov8a/u,ou, TrXrjv el 
 Tourot5 e77T7peacrat rt 8eot 77tS^ Se a /xi^ 7707' 
 a>(j>eXe (Twe^T), /cat ov/cert cru/i/SouXcov dXXa rwt' 
 
 e77trarro/LteVot5 VTTTjptTovvTtov /cat TWI^ /cara 
 77ar/3tSo5 fJLicrOapveiv eroLfjiajv /cat ra^ /coXa- 
 erepov /8ovXo/xeVw^ e^ r eracrt5, TrjvLKavra 
 <rv /cat TOVTIOV /cacrro5 ev rd^et /cat /Lteyct-5 /cat 
 Xa/x77/3O5 t7777orpd(^)O5, eyw 8' acrOemrj^, 6/u.oXoyai, 
 dXX* evi^ov5 fJiaXXov vpaiv rovroto~t. 
 
 321 Avo 8', dVS/35 'A^^atot, rot' ^ucret /xerptov 
 TrdXirrjV e^ett' Set (ovrw yct/3 /Ltot 77/ot e/xavrou 
 Xeyovn a.vTri<j>6ov<t)TaTov eiireiv), ev peis rat5 
 e^ r ovo'tat5 r^ row yevvaiov /cat rov 77/30jretov rij 
 77oXet 77/3oat/3o~t^ 8ta^>f XaTTett', eV Travri Se /catpw 
 /cat TTpa^et TT)V evvoiav TOVTOV yap rj ^>ucrt5 /cu- 
 /3ta, rou Swacr^at 8e /cat tcr^ve^ erepa. TCLVTTJV
 
 IIEPI TOT STE4>ANOT. 135 
 
 Tovvv Trap e/xot /u,e/x^/cvta^ evpTo-ere 
 opart Se. ou/c e^atrou/Ltei/os, ov/c > A/A(i/cTuoi't/ca,9 322 
 St/ca<j eVayoWajf, OVK eVayyeXXo/xeVeoi', ov^l rou? 
 /caraparou? TOVTOUS cjcrrrep BrfpLa /xot -rrpocrfiaX- 
 \6vro)V, ovoafLats eya> 7rpo8e8co/ca r^v et? u/xas 
 evvoiav. TO 'yap e o.px^ tvBvs opd-qv Kal 8t- 
 Kaiav Trjv o$bv rry? TroXtreta? etXo/AT-p, ra? Tt/Aa?, 
 ra? Swacrreta?, ras evSo^tas ra? rrj? Trarpt'So? 
 Qeparrevew, ravra? aveii>, /u,era rovrtut' eli'cu. 
 ou/c eVt ^e^ rots trepajv euru^/xacrt ^>at8/3O? eyw 323 
 /cat yeyi7#a>9 /caret TT)^ dyopdi/ Treptep^o/xat, 
 Se^tcti' TrpoT.ivu>v /cat vayyeXtoyaei'o<? rourot? 
 a^ Kicre aTrayyeXXetz' otwyaat, TWI/ Se r^5 
 a-yaBoiv Trec^pt/cw? d/coucu /cat crreVwv /cat 
 ets r^ yrp, axnrep ot Svcrcre^Set? ourot, ot 
 ftev TroXtv Stacrvpoucrt^, axrirep ov^ aurou? Stacru- 
 povT$, orav TOVTO TTOIOHTIV, e^cu Se ySXeVovcrt, /cat 
 ev ot? aTV)0a'dvT(i}v TUDV 'EXX^vcu^ evTv^iqo'f.v ere- 
 
 ravr' eVati/ouo-t /cat OTTO)? rov aTravra ^povov 
 <f)acri Setf rrjpelv. 
 
 r) Srjr', a> Trct^re? $eot, /Ai^Sets ravO* VIJLWV CTTI- 324 
 
 260. 'Eya> /ACV ow, a> y^ Kat ^\te Kat aperr) xai aweo-i? KUI 
 TraiSeta, TJ Siuyiyvwcr/co/ACV TO. KoAa xai TO. atcr^pa, pfflorjOrjKO. 
 Kal tiprjKa. KCU fl f*.cv /caXto? /cat d^tws TOU dSt/oy/iaTOs Karrjyo- 
 pr)Ka, fLTrov cos f(3ov\.6fjir)v, i 8e efSeecrrepoH', ws tSvvdfjirjv. 'Yyncis 
 8e KCU c TOJV elprjfj.fvmv Xoycov Kat ec TOIV TrapaAciTro/xc'vwv avroi 
 ra SiKaia xai ra ov/jL<f>tpovra. vrrtp rfjs
 
 136 AHMOSeENOTS 
 
 , dXXa //.aXtara ILV /cat TOVTOIS 
 a vow /cat <f)peva<s evdeLrfTe, el o' ap' 
 ;, rovrou? /ACI> aurovs /ca^' eavrou? 
 /cat TryaowXet? ev y]7 /cat daXdrTrj TroiijcraTt, -Y] 
 Se rot? XotTTOt? TT)V Ta^LcrT^v a.TraXXa'yrjv 
 7rrjpTr)iJ.ev(t)i> (f>6/3a)v Sore /cat crwr^yatav ao-<f)a\rj
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Bekk. Bekker's Edition. 
 
 cf. Latin confer, i. e. compare, see. 
 
 Cu Curtius's Grammar. 
 
 Bind Dindorf 's Edition. 
 
 Diss. or I) Dissen's Edition. 
 
 Editt Editions or Editors. 
 
 fr from. 
 
 GMT Goodwin's Greek Moods and Tenses. 
 
 G Goodwin's Grammar. 
 
 H Hadley's Grammar, revised by Allen. 
 
 i. e id est. 
 
 K Kuhner's Grammar. 
 
 Kenn Kennedy's Translation. 
 
 K. r. e ical TO- eVepa, etc. . 
 
 L. anil S Liddell and Scott's Lexicon. 
 
 Laur. S Laurentian Manuscript S. 
 
 lit literal or literally. 
 
 Lord B Lord Brougham. 
 
 Madv. G. S .Madvig's Greek Syntax. 
 
 MS., MSS Manuscript, Manuscripts. 
 
 2 2iy/aa, name of the oldest and best Manuscript of the text 
 
 sc scilicet, namely, understood. 
 
 Schael'. Schaefer's Edition. 
 
 st. instead of. 
 
 V., Voem Voemel's Edition. 
 
 W Westermann's Edition. 
 
 w with. 
 
 Wh Whiston's Edition. 
 
 wh which. 
 
 Z The Zurich Edition of the text, by Baiter and Sauppe.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 THIS oration was more commonly known among the ancients 
 under the name of pro Ctesiphonte. Its merits were especially lauded 
 by the ancient rhetoricians, particularly by Dionysius of Halicar- 
 ntissus (de Antiq. Oral. Comm., VI. 953 ff, ed. Reiske, and de Verborum 
 Compositione, cap. XXV.), by Herniogenes (de Eloquentice Rations), 
 and by Quintilian (Oral. Inst., XI., XII.). 
 
 EXORDIUM, 1-8. In this introduction the orator manifests a certain 
 anxiety and timidity. Cf. Quint., XI. 3. 97. 
 
 1. irpwrov p.v ..evxH-cu : to commence a speech w. an invocation was 
 unusual among the Greeks. One notable instance is Lycurg. c. Leocr. : 
 e#xo/u yap -ry 'AOyvq. Kal TOIJ dXXots 0eo?j. ^Esch. c. Timarch., 116, 
 speaks of beseeching all the gods. But with the Romans this was not 
 infrequent. Cf. Cic. pro L. Murena, pro C. Cornelia. Servius remarks on 
 Verg. jEn. t XI. 301 : Majorca nullam orationem nisi invocatis numinibus 
 inchoabant. <3 dvSpcs 'A. : for the nature of the court thus addressed vid. 
 Diet. Antiq. sub Dicasterion, Dicasles ; Grote, IV. 188ff; Schoemann, 
 Greek Antiq. rots : omitted by a few MSS. Dionys. Halic. shows that 
 this word is essential to the rhythm of the sentence, wh. is anapaestic. 
 The same reason is given for the addition of i in rovrovl below. 8<n]v... 
 Too-avrrjv : by reversing the order of relat. and demonstr. clause the orator 
 makes more prominent the claim or ground upon wh. his request is based. 
 ?Xwv...8uxTcXi : what use of the partc. ? H. 980, 981; G. 1578, 
 1580 ; Cu. 590, brctO' : the 8t correlative w. ^v is often omitted 
 w. fcren-a. Cf. H. 1046, b ; Madv. Gr. Syn., 188, Rem. 5. 8 irtp has 
 for its antecedent TOVTO, the whole referring to ju.rj...7roi77<ra<70at...dX\4...T6i' 
 &PKOV, thus : that the gods may put that into your hearts which is especially 
 for your interest, etc., not to make. ..but, etc. tvo-epcias . 8or]s : " fbfft- 
 /3eta refers to their oath in particular ; 36fa to equity in general. For S6a
 
 140 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 in 8 the orator substitutes evSo^ia as more explicit." TYLER. TOV be- 
 longs to the whole phrase. So Plat. Repub., 352 d : dXXd -irepl TOV oiniva. 
 Tpbirov xpn n v ! Herod. 8. 79 : araffidfeiv wtpl TOV OK&repos Tjntuv irX^w 
 dyaffd Tty ircLTplSa epydfftTai. 
 
 2. TOV SpKov : the oath taken by the Heliastce. Isocr. 15, 21, gives 
 it in substance thus : OUVVVOLI. % /J.TJV 6/j.oiuis dxpodcreffdai TUV KaTT/jyopovvTuv 
 Kal T&V diroXoyovfj.fruv. SiKaiois : what these legal requirements were, 
 Dem. explains more fully in his Orat. c. Lept., 94, 96. aKpodcrao-0ai : 
 so reads 2 ; the other MSS. have dupoiiffdai. What is the difference? 
 ov84 : the force of (JLOVOV is continued. So in 93. fonjv : the word d/j.- 
 0or^pou, wh. follows in most MSS., is probably an interpolation from 7. 
 diroSovvai : what is the force of the dirb in this compound ? rb TTJ Ta|i 
 ...Xp^o-turOai : epexegetical of To...dKpod<raffBai and jrrcd. nom. after iaTiv. 
 Tjj To|i...Tfj diroXo-yta embraces both the order and the matter of the 
 defence. The rdftj is made prominent, as it was in this particular that 
 ^Esch. sought to hamper Dem. in making his defence. f3cf3ov\T]Tai Kal 
 irpOTjpi]Tai : the perf. tense is used to indicate the previous preparation in 
 accordance w. the practice of the ancient orators. US...OVTWS : here again 
 the relat. before the demonstr. clause. The attention of the judges is not 
 called to ovrus until its explanation (ws) has first been given. Dissen 
 calls attention to the completeness of this first period, and analyzes it into 
 three parts, of wh. the first prepares the way for the second, the second for 
 the third ; while in the importance of the thought the same order is pre- 
 served. The orator now gives ( 3, 4) the special reasons for his previous 
 request. 
 
 3. oiv = igiiur, and is used here, as often, to indicate transition in the 
 thought. iroXXa jiiv, K. T. e., now, while in many points... there are two 
 wh. are especially great. Si introduces the principal, (tiv the subordinate 
 sentence. Kal is emphatic w. fj.f-yd\a ; cf. Kal /j.d\a, KO! wdvv. oi ircpl r. 
 t a-y., i. e. / have more at stake. \iv ri\v -ypa^v, lit. to seize the in- 
 dictment ; somewhat similar is our phrase, to get a verdict. Transl. , to win 
 his case. The loss of ^Esch. in case of defeat would only be a fine of 
 1000 drachmae and a forfeiture of the privilege of instituting similar suits. 
 Cf. Boeckh's Publ. Economy of the Athen., I. p. 406 ; Meier and Schom. 
 Alt. Proc., p. 734. oXX' tjiol \Uv : by an abrupt stop, called in rhetori- 
 cal phraseology aposiopesis (cf. Quint. Orat. Inst., IX. 2, 54), the orator 
 leaves his hearers to imagine the rest, since it would be unpleasant (ov<rw 
 pte) for him to allude to an unfavorable verdict. Other instances are found 
 in 22, 195. W. supplies the thought in this way : but for me, my 
 wfio!e political career is at stake in dependence on your approbation. IK 
 s, lit. from a superabundance ; hence, needlessly, wantonly. We
 
 NOTES. 
 
 141 
 
 understand Dem. to moan this : ^Esch. jeopardizes nothing in this trial ; 
 he has but little to lose in case of defeat, nothing to gain in case of success. 
 This prosecution, therefore, involving my dearest interests, has for its only 
 gain my loss ; hence, is undertaken in a spirit of simple wantonness and 
 malice. Of. ot 5' K irepiovffias iromjpoi, Dem. c. Steph., 67. Plato in 
 ThccKt., 154 D, uses this expression of rhetorical contests that were engaged 
 in as & pastime. j-rcpov 8', sc. \O.TTOV/MI. XoiSopiwv, Karr^'yopudv : how 
 these differ the orator shows in 123. ,, 
 
 4. cis fciros twrtiv modi ties iraffiv. For the constr. cf. H. 956 ; G. 1534 ; 
 Cu. 564. 4vox,Xi : this fact had not escaped ^Esch. ; cf. infra. icdv 
 ...XY...86w: c j. G M T. 444 ; H. 898 ; G. 1403 ; Cu. 545. - diroXv- 
 <rao-9cu...SHKvvvai: Diss. thinks the aor. is used w. reference to the single 
 charges (TO KarrjyopTitJ.(i>a), each of wh. was to be refuted, and the pres. to de- 
 note the act that is to lie continued throughout the oration 8 TI...&V... 
 dva-yKdft] : cf. GMT. 529 ; H. 912, 916 ; G. 1428, 1434 ; Cu. 554. The 
 skill of the orator in making his opponent responsible for the odium of his 
 self-laudation is commented on by Quint., XI. 1. 22, as follows : " .Neque hoc 
 dico non aliquando de rebus a se gestis oratori esse dicendum, sicut eidem 
 Demostheni pro Ctesiphonte, quod tamen ita emendavit ut necessitatem 
 id faciendi ostenderet, invidiamque omnem in eum regeret qui hoc se 
 coegisset." 
 
 5-8. In these paragraphs Dem. repeats the request for an impartial 
 hearing, but from a different standpoint. "What before he prayed that 
 the gods would inspire the judges to do as a matter of piety and reputa- 
 tion, he now claims also as a right, while he enforces the claim by a com- 
 bination of new considerations with the former ones ; such as the greatness 
 of the interest at stake, etc." LARKED. KOIVOV tlvai : while the legal 
 prosecution was against Ctes., the persecution was aimed at Dem., and it 
 was important for the orator to emphasize at the outset the fact that his 
 own personal interests were involved in this issue. iravrwv : in the sense 
 of ovrivoffouv = cujusvis, as is seen fr. the opposition in /xdWra, *c. T. e. 
 In a similar sense wavraxov, 81. dXXws T K&.V = both otJierwise and 
 especially if. 4>iXav0punrias : a virtue by wh. the Athen. considered 
 themselves distinguished from the Spartans and others. An adroit appeal 
 to Athen. vanity. So Dem. c. Lept., 109. 
 
 6. d|iu> Kal 8to|iai, I request (as a right) and beseech. Rhetorical ful- 
 ness or emphasis. Dem. seems fond of using pairs of words nearly synon- 
 ymous. Dissen gives the following instances fr. this oration, besides the 
 one above: trpayySd Kal 5tei7, 13; Karf\f/(65ov Kal St^SaXXej, 11 ; /3oai> 
 Kal SiafjiapTvpfcrffai, 23 ; SijXo? Kal diopiferat, 40 ; irpoCXeyov Kal St(fj.ap- 
 45 ; owe (JmStfet? ov8t \oi5opfiaOai, 274 ;
 
 142 NOTES. 
 
 fftpcav, 180 ; iro\efif'tt> /cat ia<ppea6ai, 31 ; Trpoop6fj.evos K 
 27 ; /J.r)8' wpoopav /j.i)S' atffOdve<r6ai, 40 ; e/5ws Kal eupaKus, 248 ; [lowv 
 Kal KCKpayus, 132 ; elTreiv Kal dirayyelXai, 33 ; tyvruv Kal 6vTui>, 72 ; 
 eSiSafrs Kal 5ierj\ees, 22 ; St?/3a\\e K al die&ei, 14. The student should 
 be careful to give the exact meaning of these terms so as to bring out the 
 shades of difference in thought doubtless intended by the orator. ojxoiws 
 belongs to iravrwv, as in 61, 208. SIKCUWS, impartially. Observe the 
 emphatic position as far away as possible fr. its verb aKovvai. Its force 
 is more fully explained by uxnrep, K. r. 1. o rifltls, the legislator, the 
 founder. So below, robs diKafrvras, 6 SIUIKWV, ry (f>etiyovn, etc. are used 
 substantively. 1 dp \i\s : "originally, not as the earliest lawgiver, but 
 as the most influential. Hence riOeis, wh. is strictly of one despotic law- 
 giver, whereas riOtpevos is of a republic or community." HOLMES. 
 ZoXuv is lauded also by ^Esch., 257. STJJIOTIKOS is denned by ^Esch., 
 168 ; cf. 122 of our oration. TW ypa.xj/ai. : ypdfpeiv vbpov = generally 
 to propose a law in the popular assembly ; but it may also mean, as here, 
 to record or register by engraving on tablets or pillars of stone or brass. So 
 Phil., III. 41 : els ari\\-t\v xaX/crj^ ypd^avres. Transl. thought it proper 
 should be made supreme, not simply by recording them, but also by putting 
 the jurors under oath. TOXIS 8iKa,ovTas : most editt. add vfias, but the 
 use of vfuv before and after this sentence makes vftas superfluous. Besides, 
 Solon's legislation on this point applied to all times and cases ; hence the 
 orator first makes the general statement and then considers the application 
 of this rule to the present case in the words : OVK diri<rT&v vfj.1?, K. T. e. 
 
 7. <t>avT<u = it is evident, different fr. So/ce? = it seems, in the best 
 period of Greek. alrtas : atria is denned by Dem. c. Androt., 22, as 
 a charge or accusation unsupported by proof, resting on the barren word 
 of the accuser. It differs not widely fr. 5ta/3oX^ = calumny. ats IK... 
 Ur\vi, by which the prosecutor, on account of his speaking first, is formidable. 
 For use of vp6repos cf. H. 619, a; G. 926; Cu. 361. 8. SIWKCOV 
 (= prosecutor, Scotch pursuer), <j>Evyovri ( = defendant), irapcXOciv ( = to 
 outstrip, to go by), suggest the figure of a race. Kal.. .Kal: correlated, 
 connect the parts of the protasis. rd Sfcaia = the legal arguments, 
 the points wh. the defendant may adduce for his defence. forov... 
 KOIVOV = impartial, common. That the two qualities may be distinguished 
 is seen in Plat. Protag. 68 ; Eurip. Orest. 9 : KOIVTJS rpaTr^rjs d&w/j.' fyu" 
 tffov. OVTW, thus ; sc. after having furnished himself, etc. Diss. calls 
 attention to the fact that the rhythm and weight of the sentence require 
 didyvwffiv iroielffOai, rather than the less emphatic diayiyvwo-Keiv. 
 
 8. ws &>iKe : added not so much by way of sarcasm, as the Schol. be- 
 lieves, as to express caution on account of the general and broad assertion
 
 NOTES. 
 
 involved in wavr&s. iropaKoXc'o-ai, to call upon or sumjnon, as if coad- 
 jutors. tnrdpgai p.oi : the corresponding sentence in 1 has nap v/j-uv, wh. 
 is omitted here by 2. Most Editt. follow the other MSS. in adding it. 
 TOVTO refers to the sentence introduced by 8 TI and is obj. of yvCivai, 
 the whole depending on irapaffTijffai, wh. in turn depends on eCxofJ-ai. 
 Most Editt. insert TOS 0eoi>j after irapaffTTJffai as its subj. V. thinks this 
 repetition would give a false meaning to the passage, as though the orator 
 did not supplicate both virdpa.i and irapaffrrjffai from the gods. For simi- 
 lar omission of subj. w. infiu. cf. 141. -ypa4>f|s : cf. Lex. II. B. On 
 the structure of this exordium cf. Arist. Rhet., XIV. 3. It may be con- 
 sidered with reference to (1) the prosecutor, (2) the jury, (3) the defendant 
 himself. It answers all the ends of a perfect exordium, which aims, as 
 Quintilian says, "reddere auditores benevolos, attentos, dociles." The 
 prayer at its beginning and close is a fitting refutation of the calumny of 
 jEsch., who had represented Dem. as a contemner of the gods and of divine 
 omens. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION OF THE ORATION. 
 
 9-52. CHARGES FOREIGN TO THE INDICTMENT, (a) OF A PRI- 
 VATE NATURE ( 10, 11). (b) OF A PUBLIC NATURE ( 12-52). 
 
 9-11. INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC AND DEFENCE OF PRIVATE 
 LIFE. 48wKtv ... Karr)'Y^p J no r v : diuiceiv is said of the legal prosecution, 
 Ka.Tijyopf'iv of the oral accusation before the court. Cf. 15 /carr^yopet, 
 Kptvei. irpopovXevjiaTos, preliminary decree, i. e. an approval on the part 
 of the Senate (/Soi'Xij) of a bill, wh. could then be brought before the Assem- 
 bly (tKK\r}ffla) for ratification ; receiving wh., it became a \f/ri<j>io-/j.a. In the 
 present instance, Ctes. had introduced a bill that Dem. should be rewarded 
 w. a golden crown for certain public services. From the Senate the bill 
 went before the Assembly ; but before it was acted upon there, jEsch. 
 brought an action called 7pa0fj irapavofj-div, indictment for proposing meas- 
 ures contrary to law, against Ctes., and thus prevented it from becoming 
 a decree (\f/^<piff/jia\. Kan\y6pi]<r(v...B.v a.irc\oyovfiT]v r cf. G M T. 410 and 
 413 ; H. 895 ; G. 1397 ; Cu. 537. Explain the difference in the use of 
 the tenses. Karsij/cvo-aro (xov: for the genit. cf. H. 752 ; G. 1123 ; Cu. 
 424. TOIS ?&>6V Xd-yois, criminationibus a causa aJienis, Diss. ; by 
 those irrelevant statements. f|Y|ilvos = ira.p-ri~fii.tvos. aXXorpu&rcpov : 
 the Schol. says = tt-urfpiKurepov, i. e. with an estranged or prejudiced 
 mind. Ttov...SiKaiuv...fxov : critics are not agreed whether to under- 
 stand rdv oiKaiav as genit. w. dico^Tj and fiov as possess., or as genit. 
 nt separation w. a\\oTpul)T(pov (tovuich/it estranged from what in just 
 under the iutlueiice of TOIJ Qudtv Xoyois) and /xou governed by aKofrrj. The
 
 NOTES - 
 
 latter seems preferable on account of the sense and the position of /*ot. - 
 irrrip = irepl here. The distinction between these prepp. lies in the fact 
 that inrtp originally implies the interest or advantage of the thing or person 
 concerning wh. anything is, or is said. In the orators this distinction is 
 first lost sight of, and the prepp. are easily interchanged. Cf. \nrtp ruv 
 dXXow, 10 ; virep T&V ircTro\iTfv/j.ft>uv, 11 ; virtp TOV iro\t/j.ov, 76. 
 
 10. Xoi.8opovip.6vos PP\ao-<j>T|fir]K : the nice distinctions between the 
 words employed by Dem. to denote slander, accusation, calumny, invective 
 (cf. 123, 126), should be carefully observed ; \oidopia is the more general 
 term for invective, p\a<r<t>r)/jua. is more specific and concrete, and denotes the 
 scandals or slanders uttered by a calumniator. airXa ical SIKCUCI, st. cbrXws 
 leal ducatus, wh. are used in 58. TOIOVTOV, sc. 6vra. ; cf. 277. The 
 supplementary partic. &v is often thus omitted by the orators ; cf. Madv. 
 178, Rem. 4 ; K. 310, Rem. 5. dvd<rxT|<r0...KaTa\|rn<f>io-a<r6 : what 
 is there in the form of this prohibition and command that gives special 
 emphasis ? Follow in transl., as nearly as possible, the order of the Greek. 
 Lord B. renders this spirited sentence thus : "but rise up this instant and 
 condemn me." pcXriw ical CK PXTIOVO>V : a standing formula among the 
 Greeks ; similar are aya66s e ayaOdv, aptaros f dpiffruv. TWV jurpCwv, of 
 tlie average or respectable doss. State the argument of Dem. in this sen- 
 tence. fy>...ev88tx9e...irapd<rxw6 : for this constr. cf. H. 995; G. 
 1037 ; Cu. 597. 3. 
 
 11. Ko.KOT|(his .. .ctinOes (oVjOrjs : a play upon words wh. is inimitable in 
 Engl. Jacobs renders it by argmuthig ... gutmuthig. Dem. makes but 
 sparing use of the Paronomasia, as it was called by the rhetoricians, and 
 only where the thought is made more prominent by it. Cf. 267 ; so 
 c. Aristocr. 202 : avOpuirovs OVK eXevOtpovs dXX" 6\t0povs ; Phil., I. 24 : 
 6 <TTpa.T-rjy6s aKO\ov6ti ; vid. Rehdantz's Dem., IX. 18, for many more 
 illustrations. Spengel remarks that ^Esch. has nowhere made any such 
 statement, and that this is simply an artifice of Dem. by wh. he would 
 have it appear that he does not shun the direct issue. irop,ircias : a meta- 
 phor taken from the ribald jokes and abusive epithets uttered by those who 
 rode in chariots in the procession (iro/jLirda) of the Anthesterian festival. 
 For a specimen cf. Aristoph. Ran., 416 ff. dv'8i]v, recklessly. &v... 
 dxovciv g : the uncertain position of aKoveiv in the best MSS. (some placing 
 it, as here, after /3., others after TOVTOKTI) leads some critics to look upon it 
 as an interpolation. In Orat. pro Megal., 3, the approved reading is 
 vffTfpov, SLV v/juv Ptv\0fifatu 17, deii-u, without dicoveiv. For constr. cf. H. 
 771, a ; G. 1584 ; Cu. 435. The tact of the orator in adding, if it sluttl 
 please you to listen, is manifest. 
 
 SS 12-17. INTRODUCTION TO TUK lYnnr MATTTUS IRRELEVANT TO
 
 .NOTES. 145 
 
 THE INDICTMENT. In this paragraph Dem. aims to prove the personal 
 malice of this prosecution by pointing out its indirectness and futility. 
 iroXXd, sc. eariv. tvuov defines and limits the preced. gen. Jw as an ap- 
 positive. Cf. Thuc., 1.6: trt 5t *caJ > rots /Sa/s/idpois fffriv oh ; Dem. de 
 F. L., 260 : ras yap dxyjoiroXetj avrwv tviw MaKe5<Ws <ppovpov<rit>. avrr), 
 sc. iffrlv. So most Editt., in opposition to most of the MSS. wh. read avrrj. 
 AVe understand Dem. to mean this : " My opponent is not heaping charges 
 upon me in order that I may be punished according to law, but his motive 
 is this," etc. c\9pov jiiv is the protasis of TUV /dvroi Kar-rjyopiwv, n^rroi 
 lx?ing in antithesis to i^v. tir/ipewxv : "a malicious disposition to injure 
 others without gaining any profit one's self." iijSpiv has reference to con- 
 tumelious acts ; XoiSopiav, to contumelious words. TWV KaTrj-yopiwv, 
 K. T. 4., constr. w. O'IKTIV aiav. The argument of this and the following 
 section runs thus : If the state cannot administer a befitting punishment 
 so as to meet the ends of justice, a prosecution becomes a malicious per- 
 secution. This the state cannot do where the defendant has no oppor- 
 tunity of making a proper defence. This opportunity ^Esch. has taken 
 away from Dem. in three ways : (1) by bringing the indictment against 
 C'tes. and not against Dem. personally ; (2) by bringing the charges so 
 long time after the alleged misdeeds ; (3) by failing to make these charges 
 definite and specific. 
 
 13. TO irpocrtXOciv, K. T. . : obj. of d(f>atpeiff6ai, wh. takes two 
 accusatives (cf. H. "i2i ; G. I0b'9 ; (Ju. 402 ; the personal obj., wh. 
 by implication is Dem., being omitted. The omitted sub), ol a<pai- 
 pelffOat is ^Esch. The phrase rJ> irpoo-eXOciv TU> S^jfjup = to come before the 
 popular assembly as a speaker. Xo^ow TV\IV, to obtain a fiearing. By this 
 indirect mode of attack, ^Esch. compelled Dem. to defend his public policy 
 in the court instead of in the ecclesia, and as the advocate of another in- 
 stead of simply in his own defence. V...T<ii, in tlie, rank or quality of. 
 For various uses of rdfts, cf. 63, 173, 192. iroXinicbv, lit. what per- 
 tains to a iroXtTijj ; statesmanlike, Lord B. ; constitutional, Kenn. oiXX' : 
 ^Esch. was in fault in two ways : in doing what he ought not to have done, 
 01) yap, K. T. e. ; and in not doing what was right, sc. to prefer these charges 
 directly and regularly, dXX' t(j> oh, K. T. e. rpa-yuSi : the allusions of 
 the orator to the earlier career of ^Esch. as an actor, are neither complimen- 
 tary nor infrequent. Cf. {nroKpiverat below ; 8ieiwv, 41, and many more 
 instances. irap' avra Ta8iKT|p.aTa, during or at the very time of (trapa 
 alongside of) the misdeeds. This use of irapd w. accus. is frequent in the 
 orators; cf. L. and S. sub v. II. xj"l (r (U > sc - ^ fl from 8tl above. 
 tlo-ayyeXias : the tiffayyeXia here meant was an extraordinary action of im- 
 pcachment brought directly before the Senate or Assembly, for special or 
 7 J
 
 146 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 peculiar violations of law not provided for in the ordinary courts. Cf. Meier 
 and Schom. Alt. Proc., p. 260 ff. TOVTOV TOV rpoirov, i. e. in the peculiar 
 way of the eicrayyeXla. ypa.<J>ovTa...-ypa4>o|Mvov : ypdtpeiv = to propose; 
 yp&<f>e<r0ai = to indict. irapdvojia, lit. laws contrary to existing ones ; 
 unconstitutional measures is a fair rendering. irapavofuov : for the na- 
 ture and operation of the action called ypa.<pTj mpaffyuat, cf. Diet. Antiq. 
 sub voce ; Meier and Schom. Alt. Proc., 282 ; Schbm. Greek Antiq., p. 483. 
 
 oi wip...8vvaTai...Ypd|/aTO : tne force of ov extends over both parts of 
 
 the sentence. Cf. 16 and 288 for a similar use of the negat. Transl. 
 for it cannot be that, etc. ...but that he would not have indicted, etc. 81* 
 l\U: how diff. fr. Si IIJMV ? Cf. note on Si oCs, 35. ^...avrbv : cf. 
 279. t irp...voju|;v...ovK dv t-yp^aro : cf. G M T. 410 ; H. 895 ; 
 G. 1397 ; Cu. 537, 541. Account for the dilf. of tense iu the protasis 
 and apodosis. 
 
 14. d<ywvS Kal Kpicras, trials and verdicts ; these are the practical ap- 
 plication of vofjLot and ri/uwptat. oirrjvtKa <{>aivtTO...[i,oXo'yiTO dv : same 
 form of cond. sent, as above in 13, except that the relat. adv. inrrpiiKa. in- 
 troduces the condition. Tois.-.irpbs t|i^, the legal remedies applicable to 
 my case. 
 
 15. ToaoviTOis. . .XPvois : the events connected with the peace of Philo- 
 crates 16 years ago, arid those connected with the Phocian war 25 years 
 ago. viroKpvTai, he acts a part, i.e. he plays an underhand part in 
 prosecuting Ctes. while really aiming at me. r tiro., then, thereupon, de- 
 notes sequence in thought or narration. irpoi'oraTai, puts in the fore- 
 ground; not as a pretence or screen here, but as the real cause. ov8ap.ou : 
 in 251 Dem. boasts that ^Esch. had never -brought a single action against 
 him personally. er^pov : difference between fr-epos and ciXXos ? The genit. 
 is one of separation. frriTinCav : if Ctes., in case of conviction, should be 
 unable to pay the fine (rl/tij/Mi) of 50 talents, he would fall into dripta until 
 the fine was discharged. 
 
 16. KCUTOI : a word of frequent occurrence. The part. TOI has generally 
 an intensive or additive force ; = and verily, and furthermore. irpos w. 
 dat. = in addition to. dv...Zx l : potent, optat. ; cf. G M T. 235 ; H. 872 ; 
 G. 1327, 1328 ; Cu. 517, Obs. 1. dv Xfyeiv = either &v tXeytv, one could 
 be saying (but he does not), or, what seems more in harmony w. lx' above, 
 &i> \4yoi, one might say (if he would). TOV Ta<rjiov iroiti<r6ai : spoken 
 of the litigants, while of the judges the phrase TWV rerftXrretyt^PW eera<rtf 
 used iii 226. ow belongs to the whole sent, rit jj.tv...ayuvifr- 
 d'...fr]Tfti>, and implies the repetition of diKatov fy. ercpw... 
 #T({> : for the sake of emphasis st. Zrepoi' ciry by inverse attraction. Cf. H. 
 1003 ; G. 1035 ; Cu. OU2.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 17. lir' o\T|0ias ov8t(xias, based upon, with regard for no truth. For 
 similar use of eirt \v. genit. cf. 22, 226, 294. viirip TTJS tlp^jvns : tli(! 
 often referred to peace of Philocrates. Cf. Grote, Ch. LXXX1X. TTJS 
 n-peo-peias : the second embassy to Philip, for the purpose of receiving his 
 oath to the peace agreed upon and sworn to by the Athenians. This em- 
 bassy is known as ij irapaiirpey^eia., and forms the theme of two orations by 
 the rival orators. i'o-ws, in Attic usage generally means probably, likely. 
 
 KCIT ttcelvovs TOVS x.P vov s> tltrougliout tJwse times. 
 
 18-52. EXAMINATION OF CHARGES MADE WITH REFERENCE TO 
 THE NEGOTIATION OF THE PEACE OF PHILOCRATES ( 18-24), AND 
 THE SECOND EMBASSY TO PHILIP (25-52). Tov...4>KiKov...iro\^iov: 
 for an account of this war, sometimes called also the Sacred War, through 
 wh. Philip obtained the long-coveted opportunity of intermeddling in the 
 affairs of the Greeks, cf. Grote, Ch. LXXXVII.; Smith's Hist, of Greece, 
 Ch. XLII. o-voravTos, having been organized. " o-vvHrrdvai is to organize 
 either for good or evil. The orator wishes to impute external agency, originat- 
 ing in Macedon or at Athens, as the prime cause of the Phocian outbreak." 
 HOLMES. ov 81' |ic : Dem. di.' claims having had anything to do with 
 stirring up this war. Wh. joins these words w. oOru di^Keiffde, as if the orator 
 would deny that he had prejudiced the feelings or warped the judgment of 
 his fellow-citizens against the Thebans. But this seems uncalled for, since 
 this prejudice against the Thebans was of long standing and generally un- 
 derstood. For allusions to this feeling cf. Dem. Oratt. 1. 26 ; 3. 8 ; 5. 15 ; 
 14. 33 ; 20. 109. r6rt : the first public speech of Dem. (c. Androtion) 
 was delivered in 355 B. c., and the first political speech (de Symmoriis) a 
 year later ; but the difficulties wh. terminated in the Phocian War com- 
 menced in 357. The student will notice that Dem. regards as irrelevant 
 (oi'bh Trpds ffj.e) all that precedes his own political ascendancy, i. e. about 
 343 B. c. Cf. 21, 60, and the note on 60. <r<i>0fjvai : Athens, by reason 
 of her hatred of Thebes and ancient friendship for the Phocians, though 
 furnishing no active assistance, sympathized w. the Phocians. icafirep... 
 opwvres : " This refers to the plunder of the Delphian temple ; and we may 
 notice w. what nice sense of decorum the orator speaks of the Phocians, who 
 had been ancient allies of the Athenians, but whose conduct in plundering the 
 temple of Delphi was condemned throughout the Grecian world." LARNED. 
 
 0T|(3aiois. . .iraOovo-iv, but that you ii-ouJd h/tiv hr.en dcJighfsd at the Thebans 
 suffering everything. For &v w. infin. cf. GMT. 207 ; H. 964 ; G. 1308 ; 
 Cu. 575, 576. ot$...lv Atvicrpois : at the battle of Leuctra, 371 B. c., 
 the Thebans, under Epaminondas, gained the victory over the Spartans, and 
 established their supremacy (^ye.uono), wh. lasted until their overthrow
 
 I4 8 NOTES. 
 
 in the battle of Mantinea, 362 B. c. During this period they had not used 
 with moderation the advantages of their position. In their arrogance they 
 had deprived Orchomenos, Thespiae, and Plataea of their avrovo/jiia, and in- 
 vested the city of Oropus, an act that was especially distasteful to Athens. 
 Diod. Sic. XV. 79, speaks of the " Leuctric insolence" of the Thebans. 
 Iim0': not temporal, but sequential here, as indicating the next item in the 
 enumeration of facts. SicurHJKci, plupf., to indicate the resulting state or 
 condition, was in a state of faction. 01 [AKTOVVTCS : sc. the Messenians, 
 Arcadians, Argives, Sicyonians. ol irpoTpov...dpxovTs : the hated ffar- 
 mosts that had been placed in command over several cities by Lysander im- 
 mediately upon the close of the Pelopon. War. Cf. Xen. Hellen., III. 5. 
 13; Isocr. Panegyr., p. 36. &Kpm>s : promiscuous and interminable; a 
 single word hardly renders it. Cf. II., II. 796 : the pvOoi &Kpiroi of Priam ; 
 id. 111. 412 : the &x fa ".xpira of Helen. Diss. calls attention to the grace- 
 ful structure of this last period. First the general statement, i) IT. Steior??- 
 Kfi ; then the explanation and description by the parts introduced by /cat : 
 finally the summing up of the whole idea in stronger terms, d\\d ns, K. r. e. 
 
 19. xP 1 i( iaTa avaX<rKwv, by lavishing money. Philip's skill in the use of 
 bribes became proverbial. Cf. Horace Od., Bk. III., XVI. 13. By his con- 
 quests in Thrace he had obtained possession of the gold-mines of Crenides, 
 wh. are said (cf. Boeckh, Publ. Ecmi. Atlicn., p. 10) to have yielded him 
 an annual revenue of 1000 talents. avrrovs = dXXi^Xovs ; cf. H. 686; 
 O. 996 ; Cn. 473. etr', then, denoting sequence. 4v ols, K. T. 4. : 
 the sense is that by means of the errors and follies of others he was advan- 
 cing his own interests. Kara, against, with hostile intent. raXanrw- 
 poupcvoi : deriv.? TOV iroX^|Aov : the Phocian War, wh. lasted about 
 10 years. TOT...papis : because the memory of their supremacy was still 
 fresh. VVV...O.TVXSIS : in 335 r,. c. Alexander razed Thebes to the ground 
 and sold many of its inhabitants into slavery. JEsch., in alluding to the 
 fate of this city, says in his Orat. c. Ctes., 133 : Qfjfiai 5^, Qrjftai iroXis 
 dffrvye IT UP, fj.tO' ri/jL^pav /j.iat> (K /u&r^s r^s 'EXXctSos avripiraffTai. 
 
 20. ri ofiv, K. T. 4. : Dionys. Halic., irepi 'Iiralov, 13, remarks that no 
 orator has made such frequent and forcible use of the rhetorical question as 
 Dem. What then co-operated with him in ensnaring you as his almost willing 
 dupes ? T| TWV AXXcov 'E. : the art. agrees w. the nom. implied in KaKiav 
 and ti/yvoiav. The shall I call it baseness or ignorance of the rest of the 
 Greeks? Cf. 271 for a similar turn. irdX(j.ov o-uvex'H : the entire period 
 of hostilities from the capture of Amphipolis in 357 B. c. until the peace of 
 Philocrates, 346 B. c. erw|Aa<riv, men, troops. Bid TO.VT': Dem., in at- 
 tempting to free himself from the responsibility of bringing about this 
 peace, skilfully avoids incurring the ill-feeling of the judges and the people,
 
 NOTES. 149 
 
 by throwing the blame upon the circumstances and the state of public 
 affairs exi.sting at the time, rather than upon the people themselves. But, 
 not satisfied with this, he adds very adroitly, that it was not the peace after 
 all, but the corruption of the men engaged in its negotiation, that was the 
 cause of the present troubles. Iv avrrj : not during it, but in relation to it, 
 i. e. in the transactions connected w. the peace. &v...i^tra.l^...tvpi\ir(i : 
 cf. G M T. 444 ; H. 898 ; G, 1403 ; Cu. 545. 
 
 21. uKpipoXoYOvjiai KCU $if%ip\op.a.i,stibtilius perscquor el comtiieiiioro, 
 V . ; weighing and sifting, Lord B. ; faithful and exact detail of this whole 
 transaction, Lelaud. This might be added to the instances of rhetorical 
 pieonasm enumerated in note on 6. With respect to these pleonasms Di.ss. 
 remarks the simplicity of the Greek as compared \v. the elaborate ornaU-ness 
 of Cicero, who not only uses such amplifications more frequently, but ofteii 
 joius words employed figuratively to those used in a literal sense. cL.. 
 boK<Ht]...rri : a mixed cond. sent. Is this combination of moods common ! 
 Of. G M T. 500 ; H. 901; G. 1421; Cu. 549. TO, (idXicrra : adverb, accus., 
 modifying dSiK^/ua elvai ; the sense is supposing the wrong to be ever so great. 
 'Api<rr<58Tij,os : a celebrated actor who was sent by the Athenians as 
 envoy to Philip, by whom he was greatly esteemed, to treat for the release 
 of A then, prisoners of war, who had been captured at the taking of Olyn- 
 thus. Upon his return, Aristodemus reported to the Assembly the friendly 
 feeling of Philip towards the Athenians, and his desire to enter into an 
 alliance w. them. TOVTOV, sc. jEsch. ; cf. oCros, 20. The opposite party in 
 a suit is generally referred to by this demonstrative. * Ayvovoios : Hagnus 
 was the name of the deme to wh. Philocrates belonged. ov8" &v...\|eu8<5- 
 p.evos, not even though you should burst with lying, Kenn. The allusion is 
 to the violent tones of ^Esch., wh. Dem. ofteii ridicules. EtffBovXos : one 
 of the foremost politicians of this period, a friend of ^Esch. and of the Ma- 
 cedonian party. His financial policy, particularly in leading the state to 
 set apart large sums for the Theoric Fund (cf. note 55), contributed not a 
 little towards rendering the state bankrupt and demoralizing the people. 
 KinJ>ioro4>iov : mentioned in the psephisma, 29, as one of the envoys sent 
 to Philip ; of the deme Rhamnus ; probably the same person who is men- 
 tioned by ^Esch. de F. L., 73, as a Paranian and one of the friends of 
 Chares. Cf. A. Schaefer, Dem. und seine Zeit, II. p. 182. ty" 8* ovSiv 
 ovSafiov : this is a flat contradiction of the statement of ^Esch. in the sub- 
 joined extract. Dem. in his speech de F. L., 15-18, denies that he 
 was in favor of the peace on the terms proposed by Philocrates. On this 
 disputed point we may adopt the view of Grote (Ch. LXXXIX.) as being 
 the one probably most correct : sc. that Dem. supported the proposal of 
 Philocrates for peace and alliance w. Philip, except that special clause wh.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 excluded the Phocians ; that this clause was subsequently repudiated by 
 the Assembly, but, when the treaty was sworn to, the Phocians, in viola- 
 tion of this action of the Assembly, were tacitly and practically excluded 
 through the misrepresentations and false promises of ^Esch. and his party 
 (wh. are referred to in 35 of our oration), and that it was against this 
 feature of the treaty that Dem. protested, though not until it was too late. 
 The statement then of Dem. before us is not absolutely, but only relatively 
 true. That he should have been at this time in favor of a peace on almost 
 any terms seems not so strange when we remember the state of the Athenian 
 mind in this period : "repugnance to military cost and effort, sickness and 
 shame at their past war with Philip, alarm from the prodigious success of 
 his arms, and pressing anxiety to recover the captives taken at Olynthus." 
 Grote. "It was the hopelessness," says Niebuhr, " of expecting aid from 
 the other states that justified Dem. in being a party to the peace of Philo- 
 crates. " 
 
 22. ir'...d\T]0as : cf. 17. &pa, forsooth ; inferential particle often 
 w. a tinge of irony, as here. irpbs Tu>... - y - yev'j(r0ai, in addition to having 
 become. For irpbs w. dat. cf. 16. atrios, the guilty cause. The charge 
 made by jEsch. was twofold : (1) Dem. was the author of the peace ; 
 (2 ) he concluded it apart from the confederacy of the allies. Kal, also. 
 KiKwXvKws ti'Tjv : why the optat. ? G M T. 669. 2 ; H. 932 ; G. 1487; <Ju. 5'28. 
 \V liy tliis form of the optat. ? KOIVOU <rvve8piov, a general synod, wh. met 
 at Athens and was formed of the delegates of the new Athenian confed- 
 eracy that had been constituted soon after the Peloponn. War. Cf. Grote, 
 Ch. LXXVIL; Smith, Ch. XXXIX. etr & : another instance of aposi- 
 opesis ; cf. note 3. 2oriv &TTOV trv irapwv...6pwv...'#|YavdKTT]<ras, is there 
 ait. occasion where you being present seeing me... expressed your indignation. 
 irapeXOwv, lit. passing along or by (the audience), i. e. coming forward to 
 the tribune or platform from wh. in ancient assemblies (as nowadays in 
 the French and German parliaments) the speaker was wont to address the 
 meeting. 
 
 23. T& KcoXvom : the use of the art. w. the infin. here and in rb ffiyrj- 
 ffat gives emphasis to the contrasted notions of these verbs, while the use 
 of the aor., to indicate a single definite act, is in strong contrast to the pres. 
 in POO.V, dia/jLapriiipeffda.1, SrjXoDi'. fyw ^iXfonrw : such juxtapositions for 
 the sake of emphasis are frequent in Dem. ; cf. 255, 271. <rol : observe 
 its emphatic position. In the points just commented upon we have an 
 illustration of the remarkable skill displayed by Dem. in the structure of 
 his sentences. r6re : after the fall of Olynthus, 347 B. c., embassies had 
 been sent out by Athens to several of the Greek states in order to form a 
 common league against Philip. Both orators confess that these embassies
 
 NOTES. 
 
 were fruitless. Cf. jEsch. de F. L., 79. ^Esch. charges his rival w. pre- 
 cipitating the negotiations of the peace so as to prevent the allies and con- 
 federates of Athens from participating in the treaty. The statements of 
 the two orators upon this point are hopelessly conflicting. Professor Tyler 
 adopts the conclusion of Grote, that not all the envoys had yet returned, 
 but some were still absent when the peace was concluded. A. Schaef., 
 II. 200 tf. believes that all had returned, but that the states to which em- 
 bassies had been sent, having declined to join Athens in a league against 
 Philip, and being at peace with him, had of course no interest in the treaty 
 now under consideration. However these points under dispute may be 
 decided, there seems no doubt that the -sentiments of alt had been thorough/i/ 
 tested (n-avres te\r]\fynfroi), and were fully understood at Athens. 
 
 24. Xtplt...4f8mui : "Dem. not merely refutes, but makes the refu- 
 tation an occasion of attack. We have already had examples in 10, 11." 
 LAKMEU. cl waptKaXeire.. Jir^iirtT...8uirpdTre<rfl : cf. GMT. 402 : H. 
 893 ; G. 1390 ; Cu. 536. Evpvpdrov : au Ephesiau who was sent by 
 Croesus into the Peloponnesus with money to raise mercenaries, and deserted 
 to Cyrus, his rival. This name became proverbial for treachery and knavish- 
 ness ; thence is derived the verb tvpvparfvfffffat. ri -yap Kal p., for vith 
 what desire even. iv TOVTW TU> Kcupa>. at this juncture, i.e. while the Athe- 
 nians were considering the terms of a peace w. Philip, the attempt to unite 
 the Greek states against him having been abandoned. &iroun.v, i. e. to all 
 whom the Athenians had asked to unite against Philip. dXX'...povXtv- 
 r6 : a rhetorical syllogism whose conclusion is probable. For similar di- 
 lemmas cf. 124, 125, 139, 196, 217. otocow : some MSS. read OVKOW ; 
 what is the difference ? i opx*l s : the original peace of Philocrates is 
 by this designation distinguished from the peace of Demades made after 
 Chseronea. otfr...ov8 '...<># : ovSt is subordinate and emphatic, oCre... 
 ofnt being co-ordinate, neither .. .nor even. ..nor. It will be noticed how with 
 the last o&rt the orator adds an inference from the preceding, just as at the 
 close of 23 with oC6' oCros iryits, K. r. e. <iiv...6v : for this partic. constr. 
 cf. H. 981 ; G. 1588 ; Cu. 590, 593. 
 
 25-41. PROCEEDINGS CONNECTED WITH THE RATIFICATION OF THE 
 PEACE, AND ITS IMMEDIATE RESULTS. icaY -yap : not elliptical here, but 
 Kal in the sense of also, i. e. also from these affairs, just as from those above 
 rehearsed. frypa^a povXtviwv, as senator moved a resolution. -rf|v ra.\i- 
 OTTIV : the importance of this haste is manifest. This motion was made by 
 Dem. on the 3d of Munychion (April 29), some 7 days after Antipater as 
 representative of Philip had taken the oath fr. the Athenians. &v...irw- 
 Odvoivrat : st. vi'vOavoivro, as it is more significant to give the words of the 
 decree in a direct form. diroXap-pdveiv : what is the force of dirtf here ? 
 Cf. diroSovvai in 26.
 
 152 NOTES. 
 
 26. T...f|8vvoTO, quod hoc sibl volebat ? Diss. What was the intent of 
 this (sc. my resolution) ? 4>iXtirirw jiiv. . . vjiiv 8i : the student will not 
 fail to notice the balanced structure of this sentence. d<j>' ?js...TJ|ipas = 
 &vi> TTJS rin^pas r). Cf. H. 995 ; G. 1037 ; Cu. 597. 3. TOVTO : alludes 
 to what? Reiske says to wj ir\ei<iTov. ..rCiv 8pKui> ; but this interval of 
 time between the oaths had itself for its ulterior aim the cessation from 
 preparations for war on the part of the Athenians. With W., therefore, 
 we make rovro refer to irdtras ^feXt/<rare, K. r. e. CK iravros TOV xpovov : 
 K w. genit. expresses time from its first beginning, including the whole 
 extent of the period until the end. Lit. from all the time, i. e. from first to 
 last. Cf. 203. 8<ra rfjs iroXtws, 'whatever possessions of the city; refer- 
 ring particularly to Philip's conquests in Thrace of places in alliance w. 
 Athens. irpoXdpoi : cf. G M T. 532 ; H. 914 B ; G. 1431. 2 ; Cu. 555. 
 The action in the partic. vo,u.ifat> is repeated or continued, i. e. in each case 
 or all the while supposing. 
 
 27. v ols oiv ijj : cf. note on &v TrvvOdvuvrai. above. tv'...Yfy volv ' : 
 past purpose after ypd<f>u an historic present ; cf. G M T. 33 ; H. 828 ; G. 
 1252, 1268 ; Cu. 487. 8U<njp, ridiculed. The corresponding passage in 
 jEsch. ( 82) shows an intentional perversion of these names : as, WLvpTivK-qv 
 st. ~Mvprr)v&v ; Tavida, wh. is simply a play upon the sound of Taws ; S^p- 
 piov is mentioned by Herod. VII. 59, and by Dem. Phil., III. 16 ; Harpo- 
 cration in his Lex. mentions ^fLvpravov and Tfyrylfficj. OVTW, under these 
 circumstances. roiis emicaCpovs, the favorably located ones ; alluding to 
 the importance of these places in a military point of view, since they were 
 situated in the vicinity of the Thracian Chersonesus, wh. belonged to the 
 Athenians. iroXXwv xpiH^druv : cf. note 19. 
 
 28. tiro, then or thereupon, to indicate sequence of thought. ov\l 
 Xc'Yi...dva i yi > Yvwo'Ki, he does not cite, nor does he read. The distinction be- 
 tween these verbs as indicated in our translation is not always maintained 
 in the orators. Below, e. g. Xef-ye is. used in the sense of read or cause to be 
 read, and is addressed to the ypa/j./j.a.Tev^ or clerk of the Archons. irpocr- 
 d^iv, to introduce. "Foreign ambassadors were introduced to an audience 
 with the people by a resolution of the Senate (cf. JSsch. de F. L., 58). 
 Demosthenes as Senator moved that Philip's envoys should be introduced 
 to the people for the purpose of discussing the conditions of the proposed 
 peace." Wh. Tovr<5 |xov SiapdXXci, with this he taunts me. For this genit. 
 cf. H. 751 ; G. 1132 ; Cu. 424. 8. Cf. 299 : rbv reixiff^v &v ai, 
 fj.ov 5t6rupes. fir) : this negat. introduces the whole question and ex- 
 pects the answer no, but its special force falls upon the nearest verb irpou- 
 dyetv, to propose not to introduce, etc. 8ioXx.03(ri.v : the subj. st. optat., 
 for the sake of vividness of narration. Cf. GMT. 321 ; H. 881 a ;
 
 NOTES. 153 
 
 0. 1369 ; Cu. 531. 1 ; 532, Obs. Wav : this was the so-called irpoeSpfa, 
 a distinction conferred upon the guests of the state by resolution of the 
 Senate. riv dpx iT ' KTOva > ^ ie lessee of the theatre, called also Oearp^vij^, 
 0(a.rpoiru\r)s, who paid a certain rent to the state, kept the buildings in 
 repair, and received the entrance fees. 4v rotv Svotv 6|3oXoiv, in the two- 
 obol scats, i. e. the seats of the common people, for which two obols were 
 paid. Cf. Bosckh. Publ. Econ. Athen., p. 304. The price is put for the 
 place, and the expression seems to be colloquial ; so ol l\6v(^ = the fish- 
 market, TO. /3/3Xa = the book-market. Some Editt. prefer to take tv w. the 
 dat. as expressing means, i. e. by the payment of two obols. piKpo, : this 
 word is not found in the original reading of 2, and is therefore omitted by 
 the Editt of our text. In retaining it w. the other MSS. I am particularly 
 influenced by the remark of V. that the word is necessary to express the 
 antithesis to TO. 8\a. The orator means this : to exercise care over such 
 small matters as the expenditure of a few obols or the bestowal of some 
 attention upon the guests of the state, this, as compared w. guarding the 
 general interests (TO. S\a) of the state, is not worth the mention. 
 
 29. ^H4>I2MA : there are in all 35 of these documents referred to in 
 the course of the oration, of wh. 28 purport to be given in full and 7 are 
 mentioned only by name. The fact that in most of the speeches of the 
 Attic orators the documents are omitted, their names merely being given, 
 has of itself awakened suspicion concerning the genuineness of those con- 
 tained in this oration. It is sufficient for the practical puq>ose of the 
 student to know that the majority of modern critics regard these documents 
 as spurious. The internal evidence for this opinion will be given in the 
 case of a few. Those who desire to weigh the arguments pro and con upon 
 this long-disputed question, are referred to Professor Champlin's summary 
 in an Appendix to his edition of this oration ; to the paper of Professor 
 W. W. Goodwin on The Chronology of some of the Events mentioned in Dem. 
 (ni the Crown, in the "Transactions of the Amer. Philol. Assoc., 1871, 
 1872"; to Droysen in Museum Ehenanum, II., 1845 ; to Bohnecke's <rwa- 
 yaryj; if/rj^iff^dTtav in Vol. II. of his Untersuchungcn, Berlin, 1843 ; to 
 Voemel's 5 treatises, published in 1841-1845 ; to Bo?ckh's dc Archontibm 
 Pseudonymis; and to Westermann's Untersuchungen iiber die in die Attischcn 
 Redner eingclegten Urkunden. A fresh argument against the genuineness 
 of these documents, based upon the enumeration of the <rrt'xoi or lines in the 
 AISS., is given by the Editor in the "Proceedings of the Amer. Philol. 
 Assoc. for 1874-1875." The inconsistencies of the following document are 
 these : MvT|ori<j)iXov : this decree was passed in 347 B. r., the year before tin- 
 peace, and Themistocles was archon for that year. cKo.TOfj.pai.wvws : from 
 JEsch. de F. L., 92, we learn that it was passed on the 3d of Munychion.
 
 154 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 IlavSiovtSos : ace. to JEsch. de F. L., 82, Dem. was the 7rp6e5pos or 
 president for the day. But ace. to Schom. (Greek Antiq., p. 399) the pro- 
 cdri were chosen by the ^jnordr^s of the Prytanes (for explanation of these 
 terms cf. Diet. Antiq.) from the nine tribes which were not in the prytany ; 
 hence, if Dem. was proedrus, the tribe of Pandionis to which he belonged 
 could not have been in the prytany at this time. 8e8dx9cu, be it moved or 
 resolved. TIU &r\\w : from Dem. de F. L., 154, we learn that the Sij/uos 
 had given the j3ov\ri absolute power to pass decrees for the time being with- 
 out this sanction ; consequently the Sijyuos had nothing to do w. this decree. 
 
 irpwTg : Dem. de F. L., 15, says : et's r\\v vo-repaiav ev rj rrp> elprjv-qv 
 fSei KvpovcrOai ; and ^Esch. de F. L., 61, mentions the 18th and 19th of 
 Elapheboliou as the days of the Assembly ; and Dem., 1. c. 57,. says, the 
 peace was adopted on the 19th (the second day of the Assembly). ircVre : 
 the number was ten. Cf. ^Esch. de F. L., 97. vnrtspoX^v, delay ; not 
 so used in classical Greek. Sovvai : the Athenians had already given their 
 oath. Cf. 25, 26. Eflpov\os, K. T. 4. : Eubulus and ^Esch. are well 
 known, but the other names are probably fictitious, being found nowhere 
 else except in the spurious ypatpri, 55, where K-q. and KX. figure as wit- 
 nesses. In Dem. de F. L., % 229, the names of 4 of these envoys are given : 
 
 30. ypdxl/avros . . . {ftrovvros, although I had proposed ...and was seeking. 
 The student will observe the difference of time expressed by these particr. 
 XpTjorol : ironical ; cf. 89, 318. rpis flXovs Jifjvas : this is the whole 
 time of the absence of the envoys. They took the tedious land route from 
 Oreus to Macedonia, were 23 days on the way, and remained 27 days at 
 Pella awaiting the return of Philip fr. Thrace. Cf. Dem. de F. L., 155. 
 4|6v: accus. absol. ; cf. H. 973; G. 1569; Cu. 586. rpiwv ^ 
 TETrdpwv : W. states that in this time one could go by water from 
 Fella to any point of the Hellespont, and that in a direct line the dis- 
 tance was no greater than fr. Athens to Ephesus, to accomplish which 
 tliree days were allowed. iropovTwv T|p,wv=: ' wteij Tra.pritj.ev ; cf. G M T. 
 841 ; H. 971 b ; G. 1563. 5 ; Cu. 584. If we had been present, i. e. we, the 
 Athenians, represented by the envoys.- &v...tx : the impf. to indicate 
 that Philip was still holding the places. Critics call attention to the skill 
 of the orator in stating the same fact from several points of view. This 
 decree, e. g., is considered w. reference to (1) its cause ; (2) the end in view ; 
 (3) the result that followed its neglect ; (4) the result that would have fol- 
 lowed from its observance. 
 
 31. rb |Aiv...irpwTOv : observe that the antithesis is found in i-repov 6' 
 below, and that within the compass of this sentence there is a subordinate 
 antithesis between K\^IJM ptv and 5wpo86(cr;/i 5e. SwpoSoKt](xa, piece of
 
 155 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 venality. L. and S. give only the concrete meaning bribe. Cf. K 
 = piece of villany. TWV dSixuv TOVTWV dvOpwirwv : the spondaic rhythm 
 of this sentence adds to its weight. teal TOT Kal vvv Kal dti opioXo-yw, 
 K. T. c., I avow that I not only then was, but now am, and ever shall be, at 
 war and at variance. tvflvs <j>*|fjs, directly next in order ; modifying the 
 idea of KaKovpyrjfM, i. e. that wh. occurred immediately after the Supodo- 
 Ktjfjia mentioned above. 
 
 32. dirtwpev : this is the reading of 2 and other MSS. of the better 
 class. By the use of the first person in distinction fr. avrSw, wh. refers to 
 ^Escli. and his party, the orator intimates that while he was a member of 
 the embassy he was not implicated in the guilt of this delay. For the use 
 of the sul>j. after cfrccrac histor. pres. cf. GMT. 318 ; H. 881 a; G. 1369 ; 
 Cu. 531 a, b. V. and W. read &irifj.ev, wh. is found in Bekk. Anecd. 
 p. 129 ; this is then taken as a future, cf. G M T. 339 ; H. 885 ; G. 1372 ; 
 Cu. 500, 553. iroi^o-aiTO : the optat. is regular after histor. pres. 
 ( uvfirui) . dirayyciXdvTwv T||JUOV = ei foeis diriTYye l\a/j.ev ; the indie, 
 to denote that the condition is assumed as real. (iAXi...irapaorKvd- 
 TCU : the pres. indie, states the fact in the direct narration. Give the 
 Greek forms in the indirect narration. ITvXas : cf. L. and S. II. 2. 
 irpoTtpov : after Philip had overrun Thessaly, he attempted, in the summer 
 of 352 B. c., to effect a union with the Thebans against the Phocians ; but 
 he was unexpectedly frustrated by the Athenians, who sent an expedition un- 
 der Nausicles to guard the pass of Thermopylse. Cf. Grote, Ch. LXXXVII. 
 
 TOV TOITOV, the region, i. e. the pass. The comm. reading is irop0/j.ta>, wh. 
 is not only contrary to S, but also erroneous in sense, since Philip's army 
 was almost wholly a land force, and it was the land passage that was to be 
 barred to his entrance. 
 
 33. OWTW : join w. <t>ofi<$ Kal iroXXf/ aywia, was in so great fear and 
 anxiety that. In like manner jroXi/j, though expressed but once, is under- 
 stood with two subst. in 209 : vaOs /cat iroXXovs ITTTTOVS ; in Lysias 30. 26 : 
 XfiTfiP-o-ra Kal iro.XXds fi<r<f>opds. W. Kal : strongly concessive, even though. 
 
 TOV.. diroX&rOtu : what kind of time is indicated by the aor. infin.? Cf. 
 G M T. 96 ; H. 851 ; G. 1272 ; Cu. 495 b, Obs. POT^IV, sc. TO?J *w*reD- 
 ffiv, wh. is retained by V. from the reading of S, but other Editt. oinit as 
 superfluous. jiwrOovrai : what is the distinction between the indie, and 
 the infin. after WJTE ? Cf. G M T. 582 ; H. 927 ; G. 1450 ; v Cu. 565. 
 TOV...TOVTOV : the demonstr. force of the i borders upon contempt, like the 
 Lat. isle. This despicable fellow here present. 
 
 34. |ifivij<r0ai, sc. vfj.as ; a similar omission of the subj. of the infin. 
 is found in 17, 229. p^| KaTiryopTJo-avros fxri84v= tl fj.rj Karrry&priffff 
 H7}5tt> ; cf. note 30. frcpov, in the sense of dXXbrpiov = irrelevant. Cf.
 
 156 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 erepos 6 Xo-yos oCros, 44. ird<rcus : in the sense of ira.vToia.is. alriais 
 teal p\ao-4>T](iiais, charges and calumnies calumnious charges. Cf. alrias 
 ra( 5iaoXds, 7. &|ia, a< </tc same time ; with the accusations contained 
 in the indictment. Where previously has Dem. cast upon his opponent 
 the blame of departing from the actual points at issue ? 
 
 35. iropd./rom, st. inr6, to indicate an idea of source. 81' ovs=propter 
 qua; rerba, denoting cause ; Si &v = quibus vcrbis, denoting instrument. 
 u;s ov Sei- the direct form of narration to give vividness. lrrai...av <t\ifl' : 
 cf. GMT. 444 ; H. 898 ; G. 1403 ; Cu. 545. ols jiiv : the Phocians ; 
 ols 8i : the Thebans. ow belongs to the entire sentence ; cf. 17. fidXa 
 <rep.va>s ovopd^tov, "phrasing it pompously enough." TO ravra, <rv)i<|>c- 
 ptiv, identity of interests. rfjs dvaXyr|cras Kal rfjs j3apvrt)Tos, stupore et 
 molestia. V. The stolid insensibility of the Boeotian character gave rise to 
 the proverbial /3otwrto vs ; cf. ot avaicrO^Toi Qt}/3aioi, 43. Wh. renders 
 papvrriTos by overbearing insolence ; Jacobs, by ScltiverfalUykeit. Oppres- 
 siveness is the rendering of Holmes. 
 
 36. virovo-av = lurking. The ill-feeling was chronic and ready to 
 burst out into an open rupture. Cf. 18 : a.v f<t>i](r6?iva.(., K. T. e. OVK tis 
 (xaxpdv, lit. not unto long (after) ; i. e. not at a point of time long sub- 
 sequent to what has gone before. The prep. ts marks the terminus w. 
 reference to wh. the action is considered. In 151 is a similar use. The 
 course of events was as follows : On the 13th of Scirophorion the envoys 
 returned from Philip ; on the 16th they made their report to the Assembly ; 
 on the 27th came the news that Phocis had fallen into the hands of Philip. 
 The Phocian towns, 22 in number, were razed ; the people were depiived 
 of their arms, excluded fr. the Amphictyonic council, and condemned to 
 jtay an annual tribute of 50 talents into the treasury of the Delphic tem- 
 ple, until they had restored what had been taken from the god. vp.as 8" 
 ...o-Kva-ywyiv : upon receiving the intelligence of the destruction of the 
 Phocian towns, the Athenians, fearing a sudden attack from Philip, resolved 
 to summon the rural population to bring their loose effects (ffKevrf) and their 
 wives and children within the shelter of the walls, and to put the Peineus 
 and the outposts of the city in a state of defence. air\0iav T-fjv irpbs 
 0i]patovs, the hostility on the part of the Thebans fell to the lot of the city. 
 dir^0eia' w. irpos occurs above in the subjective sense (our hostility toivards 
 them), here in the objective sense (their hostility tmvards us) as regards the 
 Athenians, irpbs AV. the genit. would be usual to express the idea of on Hie 
 part of, but the accus. implies motion or activity, and indicates that Athens 
 had to place herself in an attitude of defence against Thebes. For a similar 
 use of irpbt w. accus. cf. Dem. de F. L., 85 : Vfuv ptv rqv ^Bpav TTJV irpos 
 Qrij3a.iovi (Mfifa ^i\iwirtf> S rr]i> xapiv irtiroit)Ktv. We are not to understand
 
 NOTES. 
 
 that the ill-will of the Thebans against Athens now first arose, for Athens 
 had favored the Phocians all along, but that it was increased at this time ; 
 how, the orator tells us in his speech de F. L., 85 : "While Philip had 
 determined from the first to favor the Thebans, jsch., by reporting the 
 contrary and by showing that you were plainly not on the side of the The- 
 bans, augmented their enmity against you and their gratitude to Philip." 
 
 37, 38. ^H4ISMA : the genuineness of this decree is at once placed 
 in doubt by the name of the archon and the date. Mnesiphilus is nowhere 
 mentioned among the archons. p.ai|iaKTT]pi-ovos BtKa-rg amovros, the 21st 
 of McemofJerion, is nearly 5 months after the time (the 27th of Scirophorion, 
 cf. note 36) that the intelligence of the destruction of Phocis caused so 
 much alarm at Athens. It seems incredible that the Athenians should 
 have waited so long to take the precautionary measures of this decree. 
 Furthermore the contents do not agree with the statement of Dem. de F. L. , 
 125, 126 : *cat iralSas KCLI yvituicas (K rCiv dypwv KaraKOfufetv (^TifafaffOe 
 KOI TO. (ppovpia. fvtffKwdfcui Kal TOV ITctpcua rei\L^ei.v Kal TO. ' Hpd/v\e<a tv affTft 
 Bveiv. <rvyK\T|Tov KK\T)<rias, in (he Assembly convened. vrrb orpaTT]- 
 ywv Kttl irp-urdvetov, Kal POV\TJS yvw(Ji'jj : most Editt. place a comma after 
 ffTparrfyCiv and none after irpvTaveuv ; the punctuation here adopted is that 
 of V., who believes that an extra Assembly could be convened by the gen- 
 erals only through the agency of the prytanes, and cites in support of his 
 view Thuc. IV. 118. The Kal before /SoiATJs seems superfluous and is ex- 
 cluded by Dind. irapeup6ri : we should expect -irpo<f>d<Tfi. The word is, 
 if not an error, at least in this sense a barbarism. KOITCUOV yt-yvwOai : 
 " Greek of a later age, used twice by Poly bins and once by Plutarch. The 
 Greek of the period would substitute Kot/xacr&u. airbKonos is classical, 
 jEsch. p. 45, 1, 2 ; but airoKoiTeir (innn.) and d<j>r)/jLfpfveiv are both airat- Xe- 
 yj/j-eva. The great number of unclassical words in these documents is alone 
 sufficient to condemn them as spurious." TYI.EK. 8<roi |vf|...diroT- 
 Ta-ypLt'voi, as many as have not been detailed for the garrisons. For the use 
 of the iudic. and the negat. ^ cf. GMT. 534, 518 ; H. 913, 914 ; G. 1432, 
 1428. iiriKpivtrw o.-.o-TpaTTj-yos : .ace. to Droysen the assignment of such 
 a duty to any of the generals is contrary to all that is known of Athenian 
 jurispmdence. 6 eirl rfjs SunK^o-eo)?, the general of (Jtc administration. 
 Aec. to Bceckh (Pabl. Econ. Athen., p. 247) this officer had certain judicial 
 and administrative duties connected with the army. In 115 he is charged 
 with the duty of paying the soldiers. &p': how different from &pal Its 
 strong ironical force here must not be overlooked. The emphatic words 
 Tavrais and |u<r8Tos stand first and last in the sentence. 
 
 39. EIII2TOAH : however well the haughty tone of this epistle 
 seems to harmonize with the character of Philip, there can be no doubt of
 
 158 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 its spuriousness as soon as we notice its contradictions to what we know of 
 the circumstances connected w. the conquest of Phocis. Notice (1) the 
 contradiction between the intent and meaning of the letter as quoted in 
 40, and its actual tenor. (2) Directly contrary to the statement of the 
 letter, Diod. Sic. 16. 59, says : ot 3 &WKCIS ffwrpi^vres rais e\iriai.v irape- 
 dwicau> eavrovf ry <t>iXi7r7r<f> 6 de /3a(TiXei>s &vev M^X 1 ? 5 avfXirlffTWS /caraXi)- 
 o-as -rbv Itpbv irl)\efi.ov. Similar is the testimony of Dem. de F. L., 61 : 
 fji-riSefjdav rdv ir&Xfwv TUV tv 3>uKeuffn> aX&vai iro\iopidq. jur;5' etc trpoff^oXijs Kara 
 Kparos. (3) In the genuine letter it seems probable that Philip gave some 
 reasons to justify his proceedings against the Phocians. x at P u v, greeting; 
 the usual form of salutation. tavrovs = V& s avrofo ; cf. H. 686 a ; 
 G. 995 ; Cu. 471, Obs. c. TOIS 8X015, altogether. So rots SXois 
 ff<paXrjvai = to be altogether ruined. (xerpiov irouiv, to act with mod- 
 eration or fairness. Diss. regards the expression as a euphemism for 
 male agitis ; Holmes makes it a meiosis for you seem to do anything but 
 what is fair. opotcos, in like manner, as though the peace had not been 
 concluded ; almost equivalent to S/AWS = nevertheless. For a similar sense 
 cf. 110. 2gu TOW <j)OaK^vai aSucovvres, beyond that of being the aggres- 
 sors in doing wrong. 
 
 40. oLKovere : indie., as would be expected after the reading of a docu- 
 ment ; cf. 121, 158. The imperat. would naturally be used when a 
 document is to follow. irp&s TOVS tavrow <rv|j.|xaxovs : the allies referred 
 to are the Thebans and Thessalians ; the phrase is to be joined directly to 
 dr}\oi ml SiopifeTat, as is indicated by the punctuation in our text. Bense- 
 ler, Hiatus, p. 94, says that fr. the repetition of the prep, irpbs it may be 
 inferred that the clause tv...tiri<TTo\fi is to be taken as a parenthesis. Diss. 
 and others understand ffvn/j.dxovs as explanatory of i</xaj ; but why then 
 7ry>ds, and what is the sense ? It seems probable that Philip had acquainted 
 his allies w. his correspondence w. the Athenians, and that from the genuine 
 letter sent by Philip at this time they could more readily discern the senti- 
 ment expressed in Sia-r ft irtp...efjiol d iriffTetiffeTf , than we can fr. this 
 counterfeit document. IK TOVTWV *j>\eTO tKtivovs Xa.p<bv, by tJiese means lit, 
 hurried them along with Mm. otxo/Mi ri \aftav = I am off with something, 
 a frequent combination denoting an irresistible and sudden carrying away. 
 Aniiiios illorum rapuit. Bremi. els ri. . .irpoopdv TWV fMTo. TO.VTO, K. T. 4., 
 so far that tJiey did not even foresee nor become aware of any of the conse- 
 quences, ei'j expresses the point to wh. he had carried them, and w. rb and 
 the infin. is nearly equivalent to w<rre of result. d<rcu : notice the strik- 
 ing contrast between the use of the aor. and of the pres. in atff0di>ea6ai and 
 irpoopav. v<J>* lavrw : the dat. denotes the state of subjection ; in 39 the 
 ace. v(f> fouroi/s denotes the process of subjugation. 01 roXaiirwpoi, sc.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 159 
 
 Qripaioi. So read Z., Bekk., Diiid., following S ; all other MSS. and Editt. 
 have 9i7/3atot either before or after K^x/jiprat. The reference is primarily to 
 the condition of the Thebans after the destruction of their city in 335 B. c. 
 As to the omission of the name, it is argued, on the one hand, that to ex- 
 press it would exclude any allusion to the Thessalians, who, though not 
 so badly off as the Thebans, were after all not wholly out of the mind 
 of Dem. as having suffered injury fr. their connection w. Philip ; cf. Phil., 
 II. 22 ; III. 26. On the other hand, it is argued that the omission of 
 07fl3cuoi fr. 2 must be accidental, since the orator proceeds in the next para- 
 graph to describe just their condition. 
 
 41. 6 8i Tavn]s Ttjs irtoTtws, K. T. ., and his co-operator and helpmate 
 (<XI)T depends on aw in composition) in winning this confidence, sc. in 
 Philip on the part of the Thebans and Thessalians. 4>va.Kicras : a word 
 taken from the ordinary speech of the people and frequently used by Aristo- 
 phanes, derived fr. ^eW^ quack, impostor. SU^LWV, rehearsing ; cf. note 
 on trpayySti, 13. diravrwy : differs fr. wdvruv in summing up and com- 
 bining the preceding particulars in one entirety ; it may be rendered by of 
 all together. Kol...Kal...Kal...atTxos ; the energy and compactness of such 
 sentences as this justify the praise of Quint., X., Ch. I., 76 : "so tense, 
 as it were, with nerves, so free from anything superfluous. " SfjXov often 
 introduces an ironical sentence, for you forsooth grieve, etc. l%yro\>\i.i]v : 
 after the destruction of Thebes, Alex, demanded the surrender of the princi- 
 pal anti-Macedonian orators, among whom Demosthenes, Lycurgus, and 
 Hyperides were the chief ones. Ace. to Diod. 17. 15, there were ten of 
 them ; but Arrian, Anab. I. 10, mentions only nine. For further informa- 
 tion cf. A. Schaef., III. p. 127. 
 
 42. diXXd -ydp = Lat. at enim. The ellipsis is something like this : 
 but (enough of this now) for ; cf. 21 1. ^(jnr^irrwKO : as if unintentionally. 
 avTiKa, presently, i. e. in the immediate future. cirdvci|u Sf|. . .us, K. r. i., 
 I will return accordingly... that, etc. 5^ calls attention to something just 
 stated. The statement introduced by w? is a renewal of the proposition 
 made in 20, and the narration is resumed fr. 36. -;- -yap : epexegetical, to 
 introduce the promised proofs ; cf. the beginning of 169. 
 
 43. ol KaTdirrvoToi 0TraXol : the Thessalians were especially despised 
 and hated by the rest of the Greeks. Diss. quotes the following epithets 
 as applied to them : (TTdureoK ^.eo-rot, ctirtoroi, 8iir\oi /ecu TrotKi'Xot. dvai- 
 o-eriroi : cf. note 35. irdvr , all in all ; cf. Time. VIII. 95 : E0/3ota yap 
 avrols iravra Jjv. ov8 ^KOVOV, ei (JovXoiTO : a mixed condit. sent., w. 
 the apodosis in the indie, st. optat. w. ILv to denote the actual fact, and in 
 the imperf. to indicate that this fact was habitual or customary. v<fx>- 
 pup.vot = suspicantes. ov yio i*jV 8 TI dv ^ouirt, for there icas nuthimj
 
 J6o NOTES. 
 
 that you could have done. OUK Z<TTI ocms is more frequently found thali 
 oi)5e:$ (ffnv 6'crTis in general negations. Cf. Eurip. Medea, 1306 ; id. P/icun., 
 597; jEseh. Choeph., 170. For the indie, w. etc ef. G M T. 243, 244 ; H. 903 ; 
 G. 1335,1336,1340; Cu. 544,0bs. 3. Kal...S* : in this combination of con- 
 junctions Acai generally expresses the comparative idea, alsa t asltiell as. = 
 i^Yov T^|V lp^vi]v : Dind., V., and other Editt. read &ff/j.fvoi KCU after this 
 expression. V. claims that this addition is forcible, as making the folly o!' 
 the Greeks all the more patent. avrol Tpo7rov...iroX(j.ov(wvoi, although 
 tlicy tJiemseh'cs were in a certain manner the object of his warlike operation* 
 for a long time. A similar concessive force of the partic. is found in -n-apuv, 
 Jj 83, 117 ; %X WV > fiSus, 142 ; Kparovvri, 146. K iroXXov : IK indicates 
 tin- point from which the danger began. 
 
 44. -yap : epexegetical, to explain Tpbirov nva, woXe/jLovfjitvoi. irtpuwv, 
 marching and countermarching. "IXXvpiovs KO.I TpipdXXovs : the Illyri- 
 nns were subdued by Philip, ace. to Diod. XVI. 69, in 345 B, c. The in- 
 vasion of the Triballi is brought by Justin, IX. 3, in connection with the 
 Scythian expedition in 339 B. c. The whole period, accordingly, between 
 the conclusion of the peace and the renewal of hostilities is referred to. 
 Tivas...Tv 'EXXrjvwv : during this period Philip supported Mesaenia and 
 Argos against Sparta, seized the colonies of Elis in Epirus, placed Macedo- 
 nian garrisons under Cleitarchus and Philistides in Oreus and Eretria, 
 occupied the Thracian Chersonesus, and threatened the Athenian posses- 
 sions on the Hellespont. TWV eic rdov iroXewv = rdiv iv TCUS ir6\e<riv. ef 
 aurwv. This form of Brachylogy is frequent. K. 300. 4, calls it attraction 
 of the preposition. Cf. Xen. Anab., I. 1. 5 : 6'o-m 8' CL^IKVOITO T&V irapa 
 /facriX^ws = ruv wapa /SacriXe? &I/TUV trap O.VTOV dfiinvoiTO. So in this ora- 
 tion, 145 : rG)v K rfjs x^P as yiyvofj-evuv = TUV i> rfj x^PV yi-jvo^vuv e 
 avTijs. Cf. 169, 213 for similar instances.- CKCUTC, proceeding thither, 
 i. e. to Pella, where Philip had his court. The allusion is to the scheming 
 mid treacherous politicians in the allied cities of Athens, who, under the 
 sanction of the peace, went so often to Philip on the errands of traitor's. 
 OVTOS, sc. ^Esch. But had his bribery commenced only then ? rpos 6 
 Xo-yos oSros, this is the concern of another, ere/sos = aXXoryuos, cf. note 
 34. 
 
 45. irap' xifuv : of the speeches made in protest by Dem. at this time 
 we have but one preserved, the second Philippic. Siroi : some of these 
 places are mentioned in 244. In Phil., II., 19 ; III., 72, reference i> 
 made to the two embassies to the Peloponnesus upon wh. Dem. went. 
 tvdo-ovv, were diseased. Dem. likes to compare the disorders of the body 
 politic with those of the physical organism. Cf. 296. TWV |iv...Tv 8i, 
 o?i the one hand, those engaged in public life and service were become venal
 
 NOTES. 16 1 
 
 and corrupt for the sake of(iirl with a view to) gain ; while, on tlic other 
 hand, those in private life and the masses (supply TUV before iroXXuv). iro\i- 
 refaffOai icai irpaTreiv, dupoSoKOvvrwi' Kal 8ia<j>0(ipofji4i><i)t> are instances of pleo- 
 nasm \vh. Diss. praises as "bona latitudo dictionis," but Schaefer condemns. 
 
 TO. (Uv...Ttt 8i : partly... partly. 8eXeaofu'vu>v, K. T. ., caught with the 
 bait of the ease and comfort of tlic present moment. TOIOVTOVI TI irdLOos, 
 being affected in some such way as this. What this affection was, oio^tvuv, 
 K. r. e., states. irX^v OVK : Dobraeus rejects ir\r)v from the text. But tin: 
 use of both these adverbs adds great, force to the thought : tJiey supposed 
 the terrible thing would come, only not upon themselves, i. e. it would come 
 everywhere else except there. irXty OVK is quite frequent after irdvres. Cf. 
 Xen. /,-'-.. XV. 6 ; Dem. 56, p. 1290 : irXtovva iravra-xofft, irXtjv OVK e<$ 
 ' XOfyas. tre'pwv depends on KivSvvuv. 8rav povXwvrai : each state cher- 
 ished the delusive hope tha* it could preserve itself by directing the attack 
 of Philip upon the others. This paragraph gives a striking picture of the 
 demoralized and hopeless condition of Greek national life. 
 
 g 46. ot|xai : how do ol/Mi and OIO/J.CLI commonly differ in Attic usage ? 
 dvrX = in return for. TOIS irpoco-rriKoo-i, tlic leaders. Kal connects the 
 twoparticc. ; supply TOIJ before olo/jitvois ; cf. TOW iSuardiv KO.L iro\\(av above. 
 
 ircirpaKoo-iv : for the partic. constr. cf. H. 982 ; G. 1588 ; Cu. 589. 1, 
 591. The dat. is by attraction to agree w. the obj. of ffv/j.(3^l3i]Ke,(Toi* 
 n-poeaTrjKvffi) st. w. the omitted subj. of aiadaveaBai.. gJvuv : a fros is a 
 friend plighted by the ties of hospitality ; Germ. Gastfreund. OLKOVOUO-IV, 
 like the Lat. audiimt = tliey hear themselves called, bear the name of, 
 After this word many texts insert eiVcjrwj, wh. is not found in 2, Laur. S. 
 "S;epe etiatn additnm a scribis ad yap ellipticum explicandum, ante quod 
 snpplenda eu-irwy, ov Oavftacrrov, talia." V. 
 
 47. wv = Totirw &. &v irpt^rai : cf. G M T. 532, 563 ; H. 919 a ; G. 
 1431, 1439 ; Cu. 554. yap : elliptical ; supply dXXws or et 5<? ^, wh. 
 forms the condition to the apodosis dv ty. Dem. here makes use of a rhetori- 
 cal syllogism : If the traitor secures the permanent favor of those whom he 
 serves, he is of all men the most fortunate. But he is cast off as soon as he has 
 served his purpose ; ergo, he is not the most fortunate, but the opposite. To 
 illustrate this statement, examples are given in the next paragraph. iroOtv .- 
 whence can it be ? impossible! Cf. 52,140. Of similar emphasis are irws yan. 
 312; irws y&p oS, 299. y K P aT ^l KaraoTTJ, has established himself in 
 full possession of his object. ' ' Karaffrfj suggests the security of his posi - 
 tion, ^-y/c/xirjjs the completeness of his conquest." HOLMES. icaL-Jcrri, 
 he is also. The indie, (tffrl) shows that this sentence forms the apodosis to 
 (irfi5a Karaarg. The sentiment is forcibly brought out in the words of 
 Habington quoted by Wh. : 
 11
 
 1 62 NOTES. 
 
 " Mischief while it prospers brings favor from the smile of kings ; 
 Useless, soon is thrown away." 
 
 TOT 8^, from that very moment. 
 
 48. Kal YP : au instance of the well-known elliptical use of ydp w. 
 Kcil : and (it is well that you should do this) for ; generally the /cat in this 
 use may best be left untranslated, but its force as making the causal sen- 
 tence more emphatic should always be felt, if not expressed. H^'XP 1 fov- 
 TOV...&OS, until tfuit moment... until ; a repetition like irpoTfpov...irpivfav the 
 sake of emphasis. Time., I. 90, 3, has fj-expi roffotrov ?wj. AeurOt'vtjs : 
 by delivering 500 cavalry men into Philip's hands during the siege of Olyn- 
 thus, betrayed his own city. Cf. Diod., XVI. 53. T 4x6X0.05 : in 295 
 the same name occurs in the Doric form. Ace. to Theopompus, as quoted 
 by Athenaeus, Timolaus was one of the most debauched men and corrupt 
 politicians of his time. Deinarchus, I., 74, makes him for scandal's sake 
 the friend of Dem. EtiSiicos, Sifios : ace. to Harpocration were two of the 
 tetrarchs among whom Philip, in 342 B. c._, apportioned the jurisdiction of 
 Thessaly. irdo-a T| olKOu|uvt|, the whole habitable world, i. e. the Grecian 
 world. In his Orat. de Ifalonn., 35, Dem. contrasts i) olKov^vri with 8.\\ij 
 TCJ xupoi, manifestly meaning his own country in a general sense. jwo-rf) 
 yiyovev : the ordinary reading adds irpoSoruv : became fall of traitors driven 
 about and suffering insult. But V., Bekk., W., Z., Sauppe, following 2, 
 omit this word and make the partic. agree w. TOVTUV understood and refer- 
 ring to the individuals just named. V. thinks that Dem. is here speaking 
 only of the contempt in wh. these traitors were held, elsewhere (sc. 295) 
 of their great number ; and he understands /iteoTTj of the notoriety of their 
 fate, wh. filled all Greece. More natural seems to us the interpretation of 
 W., that all Greece was/wZZ of, i. e. sated with, wearied of these men driven 
 from city to city and everywhere despised and maltreated. rt : supply 
 irtirovOtv fr. iratrxovTuv above. "ApCoTpaTos : tyrant of Sicyon, mentioned 
 in 295 and in Plut. Vit. Arnt., 13. IltptXaos: attempted in 343 B. c. 
 to deliver Megara into the hands of Philip by the aid of Macedonian 
 mercenaries. His attempt failed through aid sent by the Athenians under 
 Phocion. 
 
 49. oirros...Ti ?x iv ...ircpiiroici, he. it is "who secures to you the oppor- 
 tunity of getting bribes." KENN. The patriotic citizen in guarding his 
 country's independence affords thereby the traitor the opportunity itself 
 of making his nefarious gain. Kal Sid, K. T. 4. : the force of the Sri after 
 tSoi continues here. TOVS iroXXovis rovrwvl : refers to the majority of the 
 populace that had supported the measures of the patriotic party. TOWS 
 dvOio-Tdfu'vovs : refers to the orators and leaders of that party. &v ciiro- 
 XuXtirc : forms the apodosis to a protasis implied in Sid ye vfj.as oi'rofo, as
 
 NOTES. 163 
 
 if it were et u/jxis Ka.TfTrpda.a0e ras eavruv yvwfMS. The plupf. because of 
 the peculiar meaning of dir6XwXa. 
 
 50-52. CONCLUSION OF THE FIRST PART OF THE ORATION. 
 ALEXANDER'S FRIEND is ALEXANDER'S HIRELING. lpfjo-6ai : the in fin. 
 d.-pends on the adj. IKWUV. Cf. GMT. 763; H. 952; G. 1528; Cn. 
 562. cuXoicpacriav, dregs, stale mess, foulness, are the best transla- 
 tions. Bekker's Anecdota defines this word as tJie lees of wine and dreys of 
 a night's debauch, that were poured out by the revellers upon such as had 
 fallen asleep amid the excesses of the feast. Hermogenes the rhetorician 
 cites this as one of the boldest metaphors of the orator. Hxfirtp apologizes 
 for its use. The application is obviously to the stale and hashed-up charges 
 of treachery wh. /Esch. was seeking to turn away from himself u]>on Dem. 
 ^v...irpbs...airoXv<ra<r6ai, of which it was essential that I clear myself 
 before those younger than the events, irpos w. accus. denotes the aim of the 
 action in dwo\vffaff6at ; he must vindicate himself to those younger, etc. 
 As the events referred to occurred between 348 and 346 B. c., from 18 to 
 16 years ago, and a dicast need not be more than 30 years old, it is probable 
 that some of the members of the court were at the time of these events mere 
 boys of 14 or 16 years. iropijvwxk 7 ] "* : what peculiarity in the inflec- 
 tion ? |u<r6opvav : this word is placed purposely at the end in order to 
 give better occasion for the following refutation. 
 
 51. |tvtav, Jws}ritality, or more properly guest-friendship. Cf. note on 
 &vui>, 46. irov \iyttv = somewhere in his speech. e'vov . . 4>iXov : corre- 
 spond to <fx\io.v . . .^tviav , but with the order reversed for the sake of variety. 
 
 52. fiwrOwrov : emphatic position. irdrtpov...^ : cf. H. 1017; G. 
 1606; Cu. 611. (u<r9a>Tos...'vos : the emphatic order in English 
 is the reverse, that alternative coming last wh. the speaker expects in 
 response. As regards this appeal itself, the following explanations are 
 presented in the order of our preference: (1) Dem. felt sure of a 
 favorable response from his avowed adherents, and was already con- 
 scious of the favor of a large part of the jury. He therefore felt 
 safe in risking a direct appeal. Cicero in Oral., 31, 111, Brut., 84, 290, 
 tells us how the orators would move their auditors to loud assent and dis- 
 sent. A clear instance of such direct appeal and responsive assent is found 
 in Dem. c. Aristocr., 19 : Dem. asks: vtpl TOV irapavj/j.ov /3oi'Xe<r0e irpwrov 
 The jury is supposed to reply yes : and Dem. rejoins, TOVTO roiwv tpovntv. 
 (2) The whole passage is a later addition made by Dem. upon a revi- 
 sion of his speech, in order to give it more the appearance of an extem- 
 poraneous effort. This is the opinion of Diss., who adds 138 as another 
 instance of a later insertion on the ground of its being too harsh a criticism 
 ujwn the jury to be spoken at the time. (3) The orator expected no
 
 164 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 response ; mere silence would give assent. But to this opinion diowets seems 
 opposed, as also the well-known custom for the jury to express loud assent 
 or dissent. (4) Ace. to Ulpian, Dem. purposely mispronounced and said 
 /j.iff0uTos, and the critical Athenians at once correcting him replied w. over- 
 whelming voice (uffOwTos, as if in answer to his appeal. That such a trick 
 would be wholly unworthy of the orator need hardly be said. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION OF THE ORATION. 
 
 53-125. FORMAL ANSWER TO THE INDICTMENT, (a) 53-59. 
 INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE CHARGES, (b) 60-109. 
 REFUTATION OF FIRST COUNT IN THE INDICTMENT : THE PUBLIC AD- 
 MINISTRATION OF DEM. JUSTIFIED, (c) 110-119. REFUTATION OP 
 SECOND COUNT IN THE INDICTMENT : DEM. NOT ACCOUNTABLE FOR 
 THAT WHICH WAS THE GROUND OF THE PROPOSAL TO CROWN HIM. 
 (d) 120-122. REFUTATION OF THIRD COUNT IN THE INDICTMENT: 
 THE PROCLAMATION IN THE THEATRE NOT ILLEGAL, (c) 123-125. 
 TRANSITION FROM THE SECOND TO THE THIRD DIVISION OF THE ORA- 
 TION, FROM THE DEFENCE TO THE ATTACK. 
 
 () 53-59. ^8i] = Lat. tandem. Kal : correlated w. KO.I before 
 TroXXy. irpopf3o\>Xeu|ie'vcov refers to the proposed crowning wh. was as yet 
 only in the form of a preliminary decree (wpo^ov\fvfi.a) passed by the fiovXr}, 
 and wh. had first to be passed by the fKicXyaia before it became a \f/^tf>i- 
 ff/jLa. Stauos : why not in the accus. ? Cf. H. 940 ; G. 927 ; Cu. 
 570. 
 
 54, 55. FPA^H : manifestly not genuine, as appears fr. the following : 
 "KaipuvSov should be $pvvij(ov. Chaerondas was Archon at the time when Dem. 
 first proposed the reparation of the walls, wh., ace. to vEsch., 27, was the 
 29th of Thargelion (about the 1st of June), 337 B. c. Three days later 
 Dem. was elected Commissioner of Walls. But the date of this document 
 is the 6th of Elaphebolion (about the middle of March), more than two 
 months earlier. This document then would make out that Ctesiphon was 
 indicted for an alleged offence two months before it had been committed ! 
 KoO<oKl8t]s, of Cothocidce ; an Attic deme of the tribe (Eneis. Its situa- 
 tion is unknown. &iri)veyicc . . . irapavofjuov, brought or lodged a charge 
 (ypa<pfy understood, as often in forensic usage) of illegality. How improb- 
 able it is that the bill of indictment should itself mention its own process 
 at law. Cf. Meier and Schbm. Alt. Proc., p. 607. irpbs rbv &px VTa ) 
 i. e. the Archon Eponymus. But the process of the ypcupr) Trapav6/j.uv came 
 properly before the Thesmothetse. Cf. Dem. c. Leptin., 98 ; c. Aristog.,
 
 NOTES. 
 
 8. 'Ava<j>Xv<rr{ov : Anaphlystus was a deme of the tribe Antiochis, and 
 was situated a little to the northwest of Sunium, on the western shore. 
 dpa indicates a citation ; we expect, therefore, a literal quotation of the 
 decree of Ctesiphon. But we notice the absence of KM erraivelv t-irl roi/rots, 
 \vh. is cited in 57 ; and, ace. to /Esch., 34, dvayopevcrai below should be 
 followed by irpos TOI>S "E\\r)vas. The pretended i{/ri<j>i<TtJUi in 118 is of too 
 doubtful authority to serve as a criterion for this ypaQr/. Ilaiavica : 
 Pneauia was the name of the two Attic demes, upper and lower P. , of the 
 tribe Pandionis, situated on the east side of Mt. Hymettus. or<j>a.vu> : 
 crowns of olive, myrtle, laurel, and ivy were originally bestowed upon the 
 victors in the national games. In later times, just when it is difficult to 
 determine, crowns of gold were bestowed. In the period of Dem. civic 
 crowns of gold were presented to that trierarch who was the first to furnish 
 an equipped vessel to the Athenian navy, and to public men who had 
 deserved well of the state. But this custom soon degenerated into a mark 
 of political favor. Cf. Diet. Antiq. Corona. Aiovucriois TOIS jwydXois : 
 for an account of the Dionysiac festivals cf. Diet. Antiq. The great Dimy- 
 nia occurred in March, and were the gala days of the year, when Athens 
 was crowded w. strangers and deputies fr. foreign states. At this festival 
 the new tragedies were first brought out. 8ri o-re^avoi depends on avayo- 
 pfvcrai. dptrfjs : the generic term covers both the special points of merit: 
 Kal e vvoi as... /cat dvdpayaOias. TWV v6|xwv...KaTa.pdXX<r0ai, since tlic laws 
 do not allow, in the first, place, that false documents be inserted in the 
 public archives. If it could be shown that the statements in regard to 
 Dem. were untrue, Ctesiphon was guilty of violating the law just stated. 
 This is the first count in the indictment. It is to be remarked that while 
 no such specific law as this can be shown to have existed, it was plainly 
 against the spirit of the law in general, or against the common law, to 
 introduce untrue statements in the public archives. This is what /Ksrh.. 
 $ 50, moans : OLiravres yap dtrayoptvovo'ii' oi VO/JLOI fj-yS^va \j/(v8ij ypdfj.fj.ara 
 tyypdipftv ev rots drj/j.offiois \f/rj(J>iff/jMffi. clro, in tJic next plncr ; intro- 
 ducing the second count in the indictment. TOV vircvOvvov : all public 
 officers, except the Dicasts, were obliged to render account of their office, 
 and generally within 30 days after its termination, before the board of Au- 
 ditors (XoyiffTol), and their associates the Investigators (efiffwoi). For a full 
 account of the duties of these officials cf. Bceckh Publ. Ectm., p. 262 ff. ; 
 Meier and Schom. Alt. Proc., p. 100 ff. reixoiroios, Commissioner of 
 Walls; this was one of the most important of the civil offices. TWV 
 OoopiKwv, the T/ieoric Fund, was a fund set apart to defray the expenses of 
 the public games and festivals. Pericles first introduced the custom of 
 giving as a largess to the populace the two-obol entrance-fee to the theatre,
 
 ,66 NOTES. 
 
 which was paid from this fund. In the time of Dem. the thcoricon had 
 become a powerful means of conniption in the hands of politicians. Breckh 
 (Fubl. Econ., p. 311) estimates that the lowest annual expenditure for the 
 theoricon at this period was from twenty-five to thirty talents, and that 
 this amount may occasionally have been doubled or trebled. Justin, as 
 |uoted by Bceekh, remarks : "Then were the public revenues, w. wh. pre- 
 viously soldiers and rowers had been maintained, distributed among the 
 citizens of Athens"; and B. adds : "Thus Philip was enabled to raise his 
 head." dva-yoptvtiv and dveiimv below depend on KeXeiwrow, wh. is to 
 be supplied from owe twvruv above. TTJ Kaivfj : Wolff supplies eiV63<f> ; 
 Keiske, eVt5ei'ei or dywvia ; V. irapody. Tip/i^xa, penalty, damages. 
 There were two kinds of suits or actions in the Athenian courts: (1) aywves 
 i, in wh. the penalty was fixed and attached by law ; (2) dywves 
 l, in wh. the penalty was to be assessed by the jury. The ypa<f>r) 
 irapavofj-uv belonged to the latter. icX^-ropes : tfXijTTjpes was the usual 
 form. These were the witnesses to the serving of the summons (irp6<r- 
 K\r)ffis). There were commonly two, and their names were always appended 
 to the bill. KTi<j>i<ro<|>wv...KX6ov : cf. note 29. 
 
 56. TOV t|rr]<j>icr|iaTos : partit. genit. with &. A similar constr. is found 
 in 59, 118. The decree is that of Ctesiphon. irpwrov, most of all, 
 chiefly. rf|v avrf|v TOVTOI Tafjiv, the same order as this one ; i. e. the order 
 followed by jEsch. in drawing up the bill of indictment, not the order of 
 his speech, where, probably w. a view to making his strongest points (sc. the 
 technical points of the time and place of crowning) most prominent, he 
 departs fr. the order of the indictment. Dem. was entirely consistent in 
 demurring against the demand ( 1, 2) of his rival to follow the order of 
 his speedi, and just in taking advantage of the order of the indictment, by 
 wh. he could place his weakest (the technical) points in the middle of his 
 speech, where they would attract least notice. 
 
 57. Tov...-ypei\|/ai...t > iraiviv, as regards the statement that, etc., and the 
 nraisc bestowed ; these verbal nouns in the genit. depend on Kpiaiv. 
 !... cite Kal : Diss. notices that when a speaker prefers the former of two 
 alternatives he is apt to insert /cai after the second efre. So in 58 : efre 
 dtos...efre Kal fj.-f) ; Plat. Tliccet., p. 168 : efre ravrbv efre KOI dXXo 
 
 58. rb 8i (ff| jrpo<rypdj/avTa...(rT<j)avo{)v states the second point of the 
 indictment; Kal dvuiriv...KcX.vo-ai states the third point. The entire 
 sentence rl>...Ke\ev<rai is summed up by TOVTO and forms the subject of 
 Koivuvfiv = is connected with. On the constr. of the subordinate parts of 
 the sentence critics are divided between these three opinions : (1) <rre- 
 Qavovv, like avfitrelv, depends on /ceXeOoui w. the omitted subject of wh.
 
 NOTES. J6; 
 
 (O.VTOV) wpoffypdij/ama. agrees ; (2) ffrttfrnvow depends on ypd\l/ai supplied 
 IV. Trpoffypd\l/arra ; and as for his jwoposing to crown without adding (irpjs) 
 llic proviso " w/ien lie has given in his accounts," and liaving ordered proc- 
 lamation of the croicn to be made in the theatre; (3) <tTt<j>avovv is coordi- 
 nate w. Ke\fv<fai and subj. of Koivuvelv. The first constr. is adopted by 
 the largest number, and seems, on the whole, the most natural. iv 
 TOVTOIS: inter has civcs. oCrw is often used by the orators to refer to the 
 demus or plcbs in the Assembly and court. frt (Uvroi, still however, 
 ntvroi is correl. of fiv with Kou*wvfii>. dirXws, as opposed to TCXVIKUS ; 
 hence, artlessly, without duplicity. tyvuica, / have determined. 
 
 59. diraprdv, lit. to hang away from, hence to separate, to disconnect. 
 And let no one suppose that I am disconnecting my speech from the indict- 
 ment. Dem. wishes to guard against the charge of irrelevancy. Upon this 
 Lord B. remarks: "The extreme importance to Dem. case of the skilful 
 movement, so to speak, by wh. he availed himself of ^Esch. error, and at 
 once entered upon the subject of his whole administration, thus escaping 
 the immediate charge to wh. he had no answer, and overwhelming his 
 adversary by a triumphant defence on ground of his own choosing, required 
 that he should again and again defend this movement, wh. he here does 
 very carefully." 'EXX^viKas irpd|is, Hellenic affairs and discussions, in 
 distinction fr. Athenian; what w. us is called the Foreign Department. This 
 distinction is made more clear in 109. TOV 4T|4>icrp.aTOs depends on the 
 whole sentence T& \tyfiv... fit. tiro, ical iroXXcov irpoaip&rtwv, K. T. 4., 
 accordingly also, there being many departments of public life open to my se- 
 lection ; sc. such as those of finance, of war, of navy ; KO.I anticipates the 
 force of the KCU before rds dirodfii-eis. 
 
 (b) 60-109. I. 60-72. WHAT THE CONDITION OF GREECE 
 DEMANDED OF ATHENS, oiv resumes the statement at the close of 58, 
 wh. was interrupted by the apology offered in 59. The student cannot 
 be too careful in noticing the exact and delicate force of these particles and 
 conjunctions. a, ..irpb. .8r]p.T|-yopeiv TrpoCXafJt : here Dem. refers to the 
 period prior to the peace of Philocrates, 346 B. c., during which period 
 Philip had taken Amphipolis, Pydna, Potidaea, and Olynthus. Dem. dis- 
 avows responsibility for the conduct of affairs, until, as the acknowledged 
 head of the Anti-Macedonian party, he dictated the foreign policy of the 
 state (eiri ravra firt<TTT)v), wh. was from about 343 B. C. d. . .Kal SuKuXvOt], 
 but in what he was especially thwarted. The intensive force of KCU. w. tin- 
 verb must be noticed. It was not Philip's successes, some of wh. he gained 
 even after the entrance of Dem. upon public life, but his failures that Dem. 
 now wishes to speak of. Attention is called by several critics to the skilful 
 choice of the word 8ifKu\t8i), wh., by implying that Dem. acted upon the
 
 1 68 NOTES. 
 
 defensive, prepares the way for the subsequent argument that all his meas- 
 ures were defensive and that he cannot, therefore, be charged w. the guilt 
 of originating a war that brought ruin upon his country. TOO-OVTOV 
 vrmirwv : having premised thus much, as foundation (viro) of the argu- 
 ment. ir\OVKTnna : derivat.? Notice the Asyndeton. 
 
 61. <}>opdv : cf. L. and Sc., II. B. 3. irpo8oTwv...dv9pwirwv : notice 
 the cumulative force of these epithets. 0eois exOpwv : " God-detested. Tl; 
 phrase is used almost as if it were a single word, otherwise the abrupt introduc- 
 tion of the dat. would be rather inelegant." HOLMES. yeyovvia.v : w. wl.at 
 verbs is the supplementary partic. joined instead of the infin. ? Cf. G M T. 
 878, 904 ; H. 981-984 ; G. 1579,1588 ; Cu. 590, 593. Kal irpdrepov 
 KaK<3s...SU0t]K, the Greeks, even previously disaffected towards one another 
 and factious, he made still worse disposed. The two adverbs in -ws are placed 
 as far apart as possible for the sake of emphasis. TOVS (wv, some, as e. g. 
 the Athenians, by the peace of 346 B. c. ; TOIS B, others by bribing, as e. g. 
 the Thebans who were loaded w. favors for their cooperation in the destruc- 
 tion of Phocis. TOVS Be Sia<j>6ip<i>v, by corrupting them in every jmssiblc 
 icay. The expression is climacteric and embraces both classes described by 
 TOI/S fifr and TO?S 5. W. makes 5ia<f>t)eipuv refer to the Phocians in the 
 sense of destroying ; but in Dem. the prevailing sense of the word is cor- 
 rumpere. Cf. 295. - KwX-faiv : explanatory of TOV ffvijufrepovros. 
 
 62. ^v Toiavrrj...T^v miXiv : the rhetorical order of this sentence is 
 such that, while the connection w. the preceding sentence is made most 
 clear, the emphatic words are made most prominent. o-vvio-ran^vov Kal 
 4>vo^e'vo\) KaKov, of the gathering and growing mischief. Wh. The Z. Edit, 
 reads <f>vpofj.ivov based upon S, wh. has <(>v o/j-tvov ; but the sense is decid- 
 edly better w. the reading of the other MSS., wh. is <f>vofj.frov. irpdrrtiv 
 Kal iroitiv : rhetorical pleonasm, in wh. the distinction in meaning is hardly 
 felt. Cf. 246. ^VTavOa...Ti)s iroXirefas, at that point of the administra- 
 tion. 
 
 63. irorepov...^ : cf. H. 1017 ; G. 1606 ; Cu. 611. erraXiv 
 Kal AoXoirwv : these are mentioned because of the general contempt 
 in wh. they were held and because of their Anti-Hellenic policy. Cf. 
 Herod., VII. 132, 185. cruYKaTaKTd<r0ai ^iXhrirw, to have joined in 
 acquiring for Philip: Ka\ TO. TWV irpo'yovv...dvaipiv, "et majorum 
 decora et jura evertere, qui pro libertate Gracise gloriosissime pugnarunt et 
 principatum meruere facinoribus egregiis." Diss. KwXvcrct, st. icwXtiffoi or 
 Kw\toi, the form of the direct narration for the sake of liveliness. Cf. ^Esch. 
 c. Ctes., 90. s loiKtv, profecto. Diss. remarks that this phrase has not 
 rarely an ironical force ; as in Engl. we may say : " I suppose," of what is 
 very certainly known.
 
 NOTES. 169 
 
 64. dXXd vvv, K. T. . : this sentence simply repeats in another form 
 the idea of tlie preceding ; ffwcurias corresponding to ffvyKaraKraffOai, and 
 irtpKupaKvias to ircpuSeiv above. ^pouXf-r' dv, lie would icish ; the indie, 
 w. &v denotes tliat the condition for realizing the wish is unfulfilled. (f. 
 GMT. 243, 244, 246 ; H. 903 ; G. 1336, 1337, 1339 ; Cu. 537. rf,s 
 <rvvaiTias, sc. /iepe'Sos, (he party that was l.lif. joint-muse of. dv l'iroi : 
 what protasis may be supplied in thought ? Cf. G M T. 235 ; H. 872 a ; 
 G. 1328 ; Cu. 544. fcrl TT]...Xir{8i, with a view to the, hope ; tvi \\. tin; 
 dat. denoting the purpose or olyectfor ichich. 'ApK<iSas...ME<rcrT]v(ovs... 
 'Ap-yfovs : the Arcadians and Messenians, Pausanias says (VII. 15. 6 ; 
 VIII. 6. 2 ; IV. 28. 2), kept themselves wholly aloof in the last decisive 
 struggle of Athens against Philip. The Argives had sought Philip's friend- 
 ship and protection against Sparta. Cf. Isocr. Phil., 74. 
 
 65. airr)XXd.xcuriv, have come off. teat yap = Lat. ctcnim. ijv &v. . .iv- 
 avTiwOtvTwv : so reads S. The reading fyxws ty SLV...OVK fvavTiuQtvrwv found 
 in Reiske, Taylor, Diss., Bremi, Dind., and other Editt.,.is due to a false 
 interpretation of this passage. Dem. wishes to justify himself and the 
 Athenians in their opposition to Philip, and says substantially this : Had 
 Philip, when he had gained the upper hand (tKpdrrjffe, wh. points to the 
 close of the Phocian war, in wh. Philip had at least the appearan.ee of doing 
 right in punishing the violators of the Delphic sanctuaiy), had he then 
 withdrawn and made no further attempts against the rights of other states, 
 there might have been some reason for censuring those who opposed him 
 (i. e. us) ; since however he, on the contrary, used this victory over the 
 Phocians as a means of further conquest, and gradually deprived all the 
 states of their freedom, my solicitude and opposition are most fully justified, 
 and you have done right and best in following my counsel. Thus by the 
 concession in the early part of the sentence, Dem. strengthens his sub- 
 sequent statement. ots = rot/rots 3: cf. H. 996 a; G. 1031, 1032; 
 Cu. 597. 4. iroXiTttas, constitutions ; of a democratic form of govern- 
 ment, in distinction from a rvpavvis. 8<rv : in the same constr. as 
 airavrtav above. 
 
 66. cKturc, illuc, to be referred to vvv at the beginning of 64. TOV 
 'AfH\vT]<r\. : several Editt. read ifui after these words, though not found in 2. 
 Kcuter calls attention to the fact that KO! yap...dia<t>tpfi can only refer to 
 ' A6rii>i)ffu>. That Dem. alludes here to himself is plain enough from the 
 connection and from the use of the 1st pers. in <rwri5t<.v, avt^rjv, ewpwv. *K 
 irayrbs TOV \povov : the use of tic w. genit. expresses the existence of this 
 consciousness all the, time through from the first moment of his observation. 
 So d<f> ijs, st. tip' 77, indicates the whole period extending fr. the time at wh. 
 he began to address the Assembly. This is a favorite mode of expressing
 
 I7 NOTES. 
 
 time w. Dem. Cf. K TTO\\OV, 43. irpwreuov, precedence, primary ; 
 referring to the hegemony. For the singular cf. 321. 4>i.XoTLp.ias, dis- 
 tinction, pre-eminence. ?Ka<rroi : Dem. frequently compliments the Athe- 
 nians for their readiness to sacrifice in behalf of the freedom and welfare 
 of the other Greek states. 
 
 67. T&V 6<f>0aX|iJ>v KKKO|ifj.evov : as similar instances of accus. of 
 synccdoclie, Holmes cites Aristoph. Nub., 24: fW ^eKoirtjv irporepov rbv 
 6<t>6a\fjit>v \i6(f> ; Jisch. c. Tim., 172: ^KKOirds 6 deiXcuos d/x0orepoi'j TOI)J 
 600aX/uot;s. This wound Philip probably incurred at the siege of Methone, 
 353 K. c. Cf. Diod., XVI. 34. T^|V K\CIV : this happened, ace. to the Schol., 
 on the expedition against the Illyrians, 345 B. c. ri\v X ^P a > T ^ o"K\os : 
 these injuries were sustained on his return from a Scythian campaign, the 
 last one in an encounter w. the Triballi, 339 B. c.' Justin, IV. 3, says : 
 infcmore vulneratus est Philippus. This enumeration of Philip's injuries 
 seems to be given in chronological order ; but Diss. observes : "suaviter a 
 capite ad inferiora descendit." poxiXTjOeitj : why the optat. ? Cf. G M T. 
 5o2; H. 914 B ; G. 1431 ; Cu. 555. p'pos, every part of his body, 
 whatever fortune, etc. The antecedent is incorporated in the relat. clause, 
 by wh., as Diss. observes, the emphasis of TTO.V is increased. Cf. H. 995 ; 
 G. 1037 ; Cu. 597. 3. -nji Xoiirw, rcliquo corpore. 
 
 68. ov8i points to what precedes ; as that cannot be denied, so would 
 no one even venture, etc. IltXXTj : the allusion to Philip's birthplace as 
 contrasted w. Athens is manifestly contemptuous. TOWT', sc. 17 TU>V 'EX. 
 apx~fi. 4v frown,... Occop^paon : in speeches and spectacles, Lord B. ; in 
 speeches and in dramas, Kenn. ; better, w. Leland, in everything you hear 
 and see. vjr6\t.vr]p.a. Scwpovcri, contemplate a memorial ; vir6fivrnm used in 
 a concrete sense as referring to the greatness and splendor of their city. 
 All other Editt. read here virofjLvf)fM6' opuo-i. Our reading is that of S and 
 two other MSS., though on the margin of 2 the other reading is also found ; 
 Bfupeiv is used in the same sense in Dem. pro Rhod. Lib., 35. lOcXovrds 
 seems tautological. Some critics regard it as a gloss to explain the word 
 before it. The idea is intensified by its use. Cf. 305 : fiera. irdaris dSeias 
 dr0aXws; Dem. Olynth., III., 6: irdirt aOtvei xard rb dvvarov ; Phil., 
 II., 16: /3ia<70ei5 S.KUV. 
 
 69. Xonrbv roivvv Jjv, it remained therefore ; as the only course left to 
 be pursued. Notice the strong inferential force of rolvvv, wh. at the same 
 time adds to the considerations already advanced a. new motive in the 
 antithesis of dticaius and aSiK&v. ^yP a 4 >ov --- Kai *Y*) anc ^ I a ^ so o-^d 
 as the mover of your resolutions and as your counsellor ; /cat before eyu in- 
 dicates that Dem. claims that lie was only in line with the traditional 
 policy of the city. Cf. ii before 8ieKw\u07), 60. KO.9'... \povovs : give 
 the Greek without incorporation of the antecedent. irdvro, dismissing
 
 NOTES. 
 
 171 
 
 all the rest. These earlier conquests Philip made in 358 - 345 B. c. 
 Cf. note 60. . 
 
 70. 5typw>v: cf. 27. Aopkncov : cf. jEsch. c. Ctes., 82. These 
 Thracian towns were taken in 345 B. c. Ilerrap^Oov: this island was laid 
 waste by Philip, about 342 B. c., for ejecting the Macedonian garrison from 
 the neighboring island of Halonnesus, for the possession of which Philip 
 and the Athenians were contending. Cf. JJsch. c. Ctes., 83. ov8'... 
 ot8a: "Sic me geram quasi omnino nesciam facta." Diss. <rv y, you, 
 made emphatic by yt wh. generally throws its emphasis upon the preceding 
 word ; and yet you affirmed (though cognizant of all these facts) tluit I in 
 speaking of these matters had brought these persons (sc. his auditoi-s) into hos- 
 tility (with Philip namely). EvfSovXov: cf. note 21. ' Api<rro<J><ovTOs : 
 of the deme Azenia, one of the leading statesman of Athens fr. the close of 
 the Pelopon. War down to about 352 B. c. The chief aim of his policy 
 seems to have been to unite Athens and Thebes against Sparta ; cf. 162. 
 Dem. in his Leptin. Orat., 146, calls him Seivds X^yet^. ^Esch. c. Ctes., 
 194, refers to Arist. as boasting that he had been acquitted on seventy- 
 live charges of ypa<j>r) irg.paj>6nuv. Au>ircC6ov$ : most scholars follow the 
 Scholiast in supposing this Diopeithes to be the Athenian general who in 
 343 B. c. saved the Chersonesus fr. falling into the hands of Philip. But 
 A. Schaefer (I. 163, II. 422) believes this Diopeithes to be the orator and 
 statesman who is Mentioned by Hyperides, of the deme Sphettus. ovSi : 
 as before I offered no resolutions w. reference to these matters, / will now 
 also not, speak of tliem. 
 
 71. Eflpoiav : Philip sought to gain a foothold in Euboaa as eaily as 
 350 B. c., when he supported the tyrant Callias of Chalcis against the Athe- 
 nians under Phocion, who had been summoned to give assistance by Plu- 
 tarch, tyrant of Eretrin. The peace of 346 for a while checked his opera- 
 tions ; but in 343 he boldly invaded the island, destroyed Porthmus, a 
 fortification of the Eretrians, and placed his tools in power in Oreus and 
 Eretria, as mentioned in the text. Vid. farther 79. <r<j>Tpi5d|ivos, 
 appropriating to himseJf. iiriTt^io-fJia, as a post of attack, base of opera- 
 tions against ; cf. tirireixurnbv, 87. For this the position of Euboea was 
 admirably fitted. Mrydpois : in 343 B. c. a Macedonian faction, at the 
 head of wh. stood Perilaus, endeavored to put Megara into the hands of 
 Philip, so as to prepare the way for his conquest of the Peloponnesus ; but 
 this plan was frustrated through the prompt and energetic interference of 
 the Athenians under Phocion. Cf. Dem. Phil, III., 18, 27 ; de F. L., 
 87, 204, 295, 326. 'EXX^<nrovTov : Philip occupied the Hellespont in 
 342 B. c., and sent out forces to conquer and destroy the towns of the Cher- 
 sonesus. Bvdvriov : cf. note 87. w<JXis . ds ji*v . ds Si : cf. H. 624 d ;
 
 1 712 NOTES 
 
 G. 911 ; On. 361. 12. The use of As ^...As 5 st. ras fj,tv. . .ras 3, Bremi 
 remarks, is contrary to the best Attic usage of this period and an 
 instance of a vulgarism employed by the best writers. Professor Lip- 
 sins cites as the only example of this use prior to Dem., oOs fj,ev... 
 o3s 3 in Xen. Cyrop., II. 4, 23. where some Editt. read robs ^v... 
 TOI>S ok. Cf. V. ad loc., who gives also &v >j.ev...&v 5 np. Stob. Senn., 
 XVI., p. 153, Gesn. What, cities the orator has in mind has not 
 bet 1 n ascertained. T|8iKi : notice the continuance of the action ex- 
 pressed by the impf. in this and the following verbs. ^ |t4j : the negat. is 
 to be joined w. <f>avijvai ; had oS been used, the question would have been 
 less emphatic. The ov above is joined w. the preceding verbs in the indie, 
 and expects an affirmative answer. Here the difference between yu.77 and OVK 
 may be expressed thus : -;} (expfjv) /J.TJ (<j>a.i>7jvai) = or ought he to have NOT 
 shown himself, i. e. failed to show himself ; ^ O&K (exp^") ((pavrjvai) = or 
 ought NOT he to have shown himscJf, i. e. was it not h'is duty to. 
 
 72. Tf|v Mvoruv Xeiav : " Mi/sian booty" was proverbial for helpless- 
 ness. The proverb arose from the story that during the absence of their 
 king, Telephus, the Mysians became the unresisting prey of their neighbors. 
 Arist. PJiet., I. 12, and Cic. pro Flacco, 27, quote it. COVTO>V KCU. ovrtov, 
 a /in' tmd in being. clvai is sometimes used of an established political 
 existence ; so Dem. Phil., III., 56 : or fy T\ iroXtj ; de F. L., 64 : O&TTJS 
 T/JJ 'A6-r)i>a.i<in> TroXews. W. Dind. compares T i/j.o5r]/Mt> /ecu vvv in Cjt>Ti Kal 
 VTI, Dem. pro PJwrm., 29. irpip-yacr|iai, / have overdone the matter, 
 exceeded my duty. gSei : Set = it is wanting or needed, physical necessity ; 
 XPtf = it is befitting or due, moral necessity ; irpocrriKei = it is becoming or 
 proper. TOWTWV refers to ravra travra in 71. ravro, K. T. ., this was my 
 political course ; sc. as implied in TOOTUV KiaXvrijv above. KaV...8tT'Xow, 
 and I was continually forewarning and admonishing you not to surrender 
 (sc. your leadership and your liberties to Philip). The preceding passage, 
 commencing w. 66, Lord B. regards among the finest in all Dem. He 
 says : " The heavy fire of indignant invective is kept up throughout, only 
 limited by the desire to avoid any too personal offence to an audience as 
 vain as supine, and as impatient of censures as it was deserving of them. 
 The rapidity of the declamation is striking in the highest degree ; the num- 
 ber of topics crowded into a few words, in 71 especially, and the. absolute 
 perfection of the choice, is not to be surpassed." The force and breadth 
 of the argument are no less admirable than the diction and style. It is 
 stated from three points of view : (1) Looking at the condition of Greece, 
 what did the honor of the city require Athens to do ( 62-65)? (2) Look- 
 ing at the parties engaged in this struggle, was Athens to yield or to resist 
 ( 66-68)? (3) Looking at the historical facts, ought any state to have 
 resisted Philip ; if so, which one ( 69-72) ?
 
 NOTES. 173 
 
 II. 73-78. PHILIP, NOT ATHENS, BROKE THE PEACE; OTHEB 
 STATESMEN, NOT DEM., PROPOSED WAU. TO, irXoia: reference is made 
 to the seizure and plundering of Athenian merchantmen by Macedonian 
 privateers, let loose by Philip about 340 B. c. This and the devastation 
 of the Chersonesus were among the causes wh. finally determined the 
 Athenians to a formal declaration of war. 4/r)<JHo-)xaTa : the decrees that 
 follow are very unsatisfactory, not only failing to give us the promised an- 
 swer to the question ris TIVOS curios ecrrt, but also wanting in clearness on 
 the affair of the sei?Aire of the boats. 1 
 
 75. TO 8' ttj)^?: what decrees Dem. refers to is not quite clear; 
 probably, however, the same as those alluded to in 70 (rCiv irepi rot/row 
 $Vtpifffj.a.Twv), and bearing upon events prior to the peace of Philocrates. 
 The point that Dem. aims to make in citing these names is, to show that 
 as he was not the one who proposed the peace in the first place (cf. 21), 
 so he was also not the one who proposed its dissolution. 'HY^<riinros is 
 the only name that has not already been mentioned. He was a zealous 
 adherent of the popular party. He had proposed the alliance with the 
 Phocians and opposed the peace with Philip. The seventh in the order of 
 the Demosthenic orations, On the Halonnesus, is now generally attributed 
 to Hegesippus. iravrts, i. e. jrdvres ol &\\oi, as some MSS. have it. 
 
 76. TOV iroXe'fiov refers to the resumption of hostilities w. Philip in 
 340 B. c. &v ?xois : what would be the form of the condition if ex- 
 pressed ? l...ttxs-"&v...irap&rxov : cf. G M T. 410 ; H. 895 ; G. 1397; 
 < 'u. 537, 538, 539. Notice the shade of difference in the use of the 
 tenses. virip : cf. note 9. 
 
 III. 79-101. DEM. JUSTIFIES HIS FOREIGN ADMINISTRATION. 
 svravO', i. e. in the letter just read. Notice again the orator's happy 
 transition from one topic to another : that Philip does not blame him is 
 an indirect witness to his services to the state, wh. he proceeds to enumer- 
 ate. ri iror' : the indef. irort adds to the inquiry a certain tone of sur- 
 prise or astonishment; somewhat like our, why in the world? yrypcujxi : 
 the AISS. reading is yty?a<pe or ylypatpev, wh. gives an anomaly of wh. we 
 cannot suppose the orator guilty. Bekk. reads typafav, V. and W., after 
 Droysen's emendation, 7' typcupev, Dind. has tyeypd<pfi. The omission of 
 the augment, as in our text, in the plupf., is not uncommon when a long 
 vowd or diphthong immediately precedes : cf. 5 irf-jrovBeffav 213 ; iroXXai 
 
 v, Time. I. 89; rfd-rj rereXevrriKei, Xen. Anab., VI. 4. 11. With 
 
 1 Since the remaining documents are generally even more unsatisfactory than those 
 already examined, and as in many, if not most, of our American colleges these docu- 
 ments are wholly omitted in the study of the Oration, the editor has not thought it 
 worth the while to make further annotations upon them.
 
 174 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 our reading the sentence is : he would have made mention, if he had writ- 
 ten, ; with the reading fypa<f>ev : he would make mention (e/dfj.vriTo used as 
 an impf.) if he were writing, the speaker putting himself back to the time 
 when Philip was writing his letter. TOVTWV, sc. TWI> dSt/cTj/udTaw. *l\^~ 
 \LJ\V, I fastened myself to, as a determined foe. On these I fixed myself, 
 Kenn. ; grappled with, Wh. r^v.-.Trpeo-pciav: Dem. was himself a mem- 
 ber of this embassy, in 343 B. c. iropcSvcro, was trying to steal into. 
 The Peloponnesus was divided into factions, wh. Philip was insidiously 
 stirring up against one another for the purpose of gaining a foothold for 
 himself. It was through this embassy that the Peloponn. states were 
 aroused to their danger, and Philip was prevented from invading their 
 territory until after Chseronea. rfjv is E#p<Hav: in the same year as the 
 preceding. T?|v...?o8ov : these expeditions came two years later (341); 
 first Oreus was delivered and its despot, Philistides, slain ; then Cleitar- 
 chus, despot of Eretria, was driven forth by Phocion. 
 
 80. TOIIS dirooroXovs, the naval expeditions, alluding probably also to 
 the improvements in the trierarchal law introduced by him, wh. are set 
 forth in 102 ff. Cf. iravra. TOV iro\efj.ov TUV a.iroffTo\uv yiyvo^vuv Kara 
 TOV v'afMv TOV t^br, 107. Ka8* ovs = almost Si &v, per quas. For simi- 
 lar use of KO.T& cf. Thuc. I. 60 ; II. 87. "This use of /card is somewhat 
 rare, but may be viewed, perhaps, as expressing the accordance between 
 the instrument and the result, the cause and the effect, like the adv. 
 accordingly in certain cases." LARNED. Xeppov^cros : one of Philip's 
 most cherished purposes was to gain possession of the Chersonesus, wh. at 
 this time was partly in the power of Cersobleptes, king of Thrace and an 
 ally of the Athenians. At first Philip contents himself with subjugating 
 0. and occupying the strongest points in Thrace ( 27). But in 340 B. c. 
 Philip interferes in the contest of the Athenians w. the inhabitants of 
 Cardia, formerly an Athenian dependency ; this leads to an open rupture 
 and to a formal invasion of the Chersonesus on the part of Philip. Thence 
 he turns to the Propontis to gain control of the straits that lead to the 
 Euxine. But here his customary good fortune fails him ; in vain he be- 
 sieges Perinthus and Byzantium ; the Athenian auxiliary force compels 
 him to withdraw, and again the Chersonesus is free. ol <rv|ip.axoi., sc. 
 Tenedos, Proconnesus, etc. Cf. 302. TV dSiKov^vwv : gen. of the 
 whole depending on rots fj^v, rots 8". vi(xiv...'iri(r6t<riv, to those who at 
 that time followed your advice. rb |i|Avfjo-9ai, Kal vojAi^eiv : subj. of 
 irfpieytvfTo to be supplied. 
 
 81. Kal fifjv introduces a strong asseveration, = and verily. 4>iXi- 
 <rrU>T]s...KXtTapx: cf. note 79. virapxiv <)>' vfids, that, the possession 
 of these places might be in his hands for your injury. iroiwv TjSiKei : the
 
 NOTES. 
 
 175 
 
 addition of the partic. makes the expression emphatic. iravraxov = any- 
 where. Cf. note on irdmuit, 5. 
 
 82. KaT&vov, used to lodge. "This very technical use of KaraMeiv is 
 easily traced : the verb signifies (1) to unloose (sc. the sandals), (2) to rest, 
 (3) to lodge ; trap f/j.ol yap Topyias (caraXtfei, Plat. Gorg., 447 B. The ex- 
 pression is common in Plato, but rare in the orators, who employ the word 
 more commonly of dissolution, destruction, or termination. HOLMES. 
 irpovvcis, you icere their public host. It was customary for envoys to be 
 entertained by the irp6%tvos of their city. The irpoi-fvos was a person ap- 
 pointed by the state to protect the interests of his fellow-citizens resident 
 in foreign lands, quite analogous to our consul. JEsch. was not properly 
 the irp6evos of Eubcea, but acted as such. c^Op *^ : notice the antithetic 
 position of this word and #1X01, and the emphasis on aoi. ov roiwv... 
 ovSt'v : however great the personal advantages I might have gained from 
 selling my services to Philip and his partisans, I steadfastly opposed all 
 their designs ; and yet, notwithstanding this, you reproach me. irav<rti : 
 Attic for TraiVjj. aTifjuoo-avTes, by disabling you, in a legal sense. If the 
 prosecutor failed to obtain one-fifth of the votes he fell into an/jua : i. e. 
 besides incurring a fine of 1000 drachmae, he was forever disabled from in- 
 stituting a similar suit. Cf. Ikeckh Pub. Econ. Athcn., p. 492 ff; Meier 
 and Schom. Alt. Proc. , p. 734. 
 
 83. ktf\ TOVTOIS, i. e. for the successful resistance Dem. offered to the 
 schemes of Cleitarchus and Philistides. ypO' > l' avTOS : the gen. absol. 
 seems to denote both time and concession here : although and when. 
 TOVTOV y t Y l/0 l 1 ' vov : all attempts to explain the reference of these words 
 seem unsatisfactory. (1) To make TOVTOV refer to the decree of Aristonicus 
 as second in order is hardly possible, since nothing is said anywhere; of any 
 similar decree prior to this one, and because this interpretation would 
 require yevo^vov. (2) If TOVTOV refers to the decree of Ctesiphon, we meet 
 with the following difficulties : (a) The word Ki)pvy/j.aTos cannot properly be 
 used of the proposal of Ctes., wh. was as yet hardly a ^ri^ifffja. The KTJ- 
 pvy/j.0. was the very thing ^Esch. sought to prevent by his irapavofMuv ypa<f>ri. 
 (l>) How can the aorists wreiirtv, eypd\j/a.To be joined to this present idea ? 
 We must then read : and whereas the present IS now the second proclamation 
 in the theatre WHICH is COMING OFF in my honor, ^Eschincs, although pres- 
 ent, neither SPOKE in opposition, etc. But "spoke" when? (c) By refer- 
 ring to 223, it will be seen that the proposal of Ctes. was third in order, 
 counting that of Demomeles and Hyperides as a single one. I can find r.o 
 ground for Holmes's assumption that the crowns proposed by Aristonicus 
 and by Ctesiphon were the only ones proclaimed in the Uieatre, and there- 
 fore 1/1/3 was second to that; against this supposition is the statement ill
 
 7 6 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 223 in regard to the proposal of D. and H. : rds ai)rds <ruXXaj8as /cat 
 Tai/rA fflfMT ^X fl > ftiftp irporepov 'ApiffTovixos, vvv 5 'Kr-q<ji<j>C}v ytyptHpev 
 ovroffl. (3) As the text stands (we believe it is corrupt for the addi- 
 tional reason that the art. r6 is necessary, since we cannot say roOri /tot 
 yiyverai oefrrepov K^pvy/j.a, but only TOVTO r6 K-f/pvyfia yiyverai pot. detrepov), 
 the following explanation suggested by V. seems most natural. From 
 a comparison w. 222, 223 we conclude that Dem. had been crowned 
 twice in the theatre before Ctes. made his proposal. (What Dem. says in 
 120 refers in general to his coronations, most of wh. occurred in the ordi- 
 nary localities, the Pnyx and the Senate-house). Now the first proclama- 
 tion in the theatre was that of Aristonicus, and to this one TO-UTOV yiyvofj-tvov 
 refers, but in this way : oefcepov ylyveaOai = itcrari, to be repeated; hence 
 the entire sentence would read, and when this proclamation (sc. this one of 
 Arist.) was made a second time in my behalf, which was done through 
 Demom. and Hyper., whose proposal was couched in the very same terms, 
 and was unsuccessfully attacked by Diondas. Decrees and other legal 
 formulae were often thus repeated in the same terms, the names of the par- 
 ties concerned alone being changed. (4) W. suggests an excellent emenda- 
 tion, TOiofoov for Totirov, roiofrrov referring to the similarity of the phrase- 
 ology employed in the decree' of Demom. and Hyper. With this change 
 we read : when therefore you crowned me at that time for these things... and 
 the crown was proclaimed in the theatre, yea, even when such a proclamation 
 was being made for me already now a second time, ^schines, although pres- 
 ent, neither spoke in opposition, nor indicted him who had proposed it. The 
 learner will observe that the partic. yiyvopfrov has the time of the impf., 
 to denote the continued existence of this proclamation, wh., unlike that of 
 Aristonicus, was the occasion of a suit. That ^Esch. did not object tlie 
 first time, the orator lets pass by ; but that he should have taken no 
 notice of the second similar proposal, and still attack the proposal of Ctes., 
 wh. is of the self-same import, this Dem. makes prominent in this much- 
 disputed sentence, as we understand it. 
 
 85. orup.pT|crecr0ai...<rTe<j>avc3fACH : for this form of cond. sent. cf. 
 GMT. 444, 689. 2; H. 946, 898 ; G. 1403, 1522, 1497. 2 ; Cu. 545, 
 548, last sentence. s ^r^pws = otherwise, euphemistic for KO.KWS. r6rt, 
 sc. 6rav fj via. irpa.yiM.Ta, emphatic. 
 
 86. OVKOVV, accordingly ; marking a conclusion. The otic points to the 
 preceding negative idea, ov /u^ui/'ews, K. T. e. What is the meaning of 
 oGicovv ? jiiv has no corresponding 8t, but the implied opposition to TOW 
 XP&VWV ticeivwv is obvious. irdvras, sc. TOI>S \pbvovs, wh. most MSS. include 
 in the text. T<{ VIKO.V, dat. instrum., by the fact of my prevailing in 
 speaking and proposing. irpocr68oi>s, solemn processions. Cf. OwrLat KO.I 
 l, 216. s...8vrwv, on the ground that, etc.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 177 
 
 87. Totvvv : often used to resume the narration, like our well, then. 
 TOIS |xiv 8irXois, Ttj 8i -rroXiTclo., with arms indeed by you, but through 
 statesmanship and decrees by me. The instrum. is denoted by the dat., the 
 agent by VTTO w. genit. The critical student will notice an inversion in the 
 order of the words v<f> v/j.wv T<HJ fln-Xot? x rrj iroXireiq vw e/xoO ; this is inten- 
 tional and gives variety. From the form of the letter X the ancient rheto- 
 ricians called it chiasmus. Sioppo/ywo'i, even though some of these should 
 burst ; i. e. invidia vel iudignatione. Diss. Kenn. quotes Virg. Eclog. , 
 VII. 26 : Invidia rumpantur ut ilia Codro. Tyler follows Wh. in tak- 
 ing it to mean, straining their lungs to contradict me. trtpov, i. e. alius 
 generis. Schaef. 4iriTx><rn.bv : in 71 we have eirrr'x'> ta - Reiskeand 
 Schaef. understand the allusion to be not to Byzantium, but to the control 
 of the grain trade, wh. was to be to Philip an instrument of aggression dif- 
 ferent fr. the stronghold he had lost in Eubcea. tirturdicTw : Boeckh Publ. 
 Econ. Athen., p. Ill, calculates the amount of grain annually imported at 
 one million medimni. The main supply came from the region bordering 
 upon the Pontus. irapcXOwv, going along tlie coast. avrui : join w. ffvp- 
 iro\f/j.f?v. 4irl TOVTOIS, upon these terms. Dem. himself went on the em- 
 bassy (cf. 244) in 340 B. c. to persuade the Byzantines to resist Philip. 
 He persuaded the Athenians to enter into an alliance w. Byzantium. When 
 Philip saw not only the Athenians, but also the Chians, Rhodians, and 
 Coans coming to the aid of Byzantium, he reluctantly withdrew. \dpaKa : 
 by synecdoche for xapa*cw/<ia = a palisaded camp, a stockade. ^.r\\a.v(\\ut.r' ', 
 having planted enginery. 
 
 88. Trpwrt]o-u> : eirfpwav means to ask a question again or besides 
 (iiri), as something superfluous. TO v|Mis, the word "you." Cf. H. 600 a; 
 G. 955. 2 ; Cu. 379. TTJV irdXiv Xyw : this the orator adds in order to be 
 able to say TTJ wJXei st. vyHv in the next sentence, and thus to avoid the ap- 
 pearance of making himself out to be the leader and guide of his judges. 
 uirXws, in a word, altogether ; it modifies the whole sentence. 8ovs : so 
 reads also Bekk., after the best MSS. ; all other Editt. read 5t5ous, wh. 
 denotes the time of the impf., the same as ypd^wv, -irpdrrtav. Reuter 
 defends Soi/s as expressing in the way of a climax both a preterite and a 
 perfect idea ; i. e. who gave and IMS given; he also thinks the monosyllable 
 forcible at the close of the period. V., on the contrary, objects that the 
 ears of Dem. would never tolerate the two successive syllables Sws Sofo. 
 Dionys. Hal. cites the close succession of the four long syllables in d<f>ei8us 
 Soi)j tyd as an instance of Dem. severity of style. 
 
 89. o...ivrrcis irdXtjxos, i. e. the war between Philip and the Athenians, 
 after the peace of 346 B. c. had been annulled. dvcu = x u P^> apart from, 
 besides. iv TOKTI TOIS . f3(ov, in "If the necessaries of life. TTJS vvv tiff\- 
 12
 
 1 7 8 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 VTJS, i. e. the peace after Chaeronea, procured by Dernades. ty . . .rt\pov<r\.v : 
 Dem. calls to mind the refusal of the Athenians, under the influence of the 
 Macedonian party, to support the Peloponnesians in their revolt against 
 Alexander. ot XP'I*"' ' 1 : c f- n te 30. iir\ rats |XX\ov<rais IX-nio-iv : 
 the idea would be more logically expressed by eiri TCUS T&V fj.e\\bvTwv e\irl' 
 <riv, since the hopes are themselves present ; but the orator chose this form 
 oi expression to correspond to rrjs vvv elpfyift. Sia|j.dpTOicv : what use 
 of the optat. here and in the following verbs ? Of. G M T. 721, 722 ; 
 H. 870 ; G. 1507, 1510 ; Cu. 514. v = rovruv &; H. 996 a ; G. 1031, 
 1032 ; Cu. 598. 2. For the accus. & cf. H. 724 ; G. 1069 ; Cu. 402. 
 (ff| (jLeraSouv : the asyndeton gives emphasis. /j-eraSovvai = to give a share 
 of, to impart ; /u.eTao'xf"' to receive a share of, to share in. Most 
 Editt. read KCU M /uerdcrxotej', K. T. e., wh., to say the least, makes 
 the sentiment a harsh one. The omission of /XT; with 2 and Laur. S. 
 gives a much nobler turn to the sentence. The orator utters then the 
 prayer that these treacherous men may fail of realizing their hopes (wh. in- 
 volve the destruction of their common country), and may enjoy freedom 
 and independence in company w. those who seek to secure their country's 
 highest good ; and, on the other hand, that they may not impart to the 
 commonwealth that ruin of public good wh. they have aimed at as a means 
 to promote their own private interests. The thought imderlying the whole 
 passage is that the welfare of the state involves the welfare of the individual, 
 and vice versa. Cf. Thuc., II. 60. 2; Soph. Antig., 188-190; Plato Legg., 
 p. 875, A. 
 
 93. T| irpoaLpco-is, K. r k., my policy and administration = the policy of 
 my administration ; an instance of hcndiadys. Diss. remarks that this is 
 a favorite expression w. Dem. Cf. 192, 292, 317. Notice the rhetorical 
 order wh. makes the object of the sentence more prominent. KaXoKa-ya 
 0iav: this word may be translated honorab/cncss, spirit of honor, generosity; 
 Edelmuth (Jacobs). The mental characteristics of the naKbs Kayados were 
 honor, courage, magnanimity. Magnanimity, perhaps, best renders the word 
 here, as contrasted with Ka.fda.i> = meanness. 
 
 94. |U|u|rd|icvoi....&v = tirfnta.ffOe &v : cf. G M T. 215 ; H. 987; G. 
 1308. 2; Cu. 595. 2. ev... \povois, sc. when Byzantium joined Chios, 
 Iihodes, etc., in the so-called Social War against Athens, 357-355 B. c. 
 dSiKoufjijvovs : how does ddiKflv differ fr. aSiKflffOai in meaning ? <TVJJL- 
 povXov . . . pT|TOpa : though generals had often gained that honor for the 
 state, he was the first one who was merely a statesman to achieve this. 
 
 95-101. DEMOSTHENES CITES EXAMPLES FROM ATHENIAN HIS- 
 TORY IN JUSFIFICATIOX OF HIS FOREIGN POLICY. pXa<T<J>T] p,((XS . . . <TVKO- 
 
 <j>avr(as = defamations (/SXaTrrw, <f>r)/J.i), malicious slanders (crvKOv, fiaivw,
 
 NOTES. 
 
 from the false accusations often brought for robbing the sacred fig-trees. 
 Cf. note on avKoffravTi)?, 112). r<av BvavKv : YEsch. nowhere in his 
 speech attacks the Byzantines ; we must suppose this to be an interpo- 
 lation, or, what is more probable, that ^Esch. omitted this mention of the 
 Byzantines fr. the revised edition of his oration, \vh. he made in Rhodes, 
 out of regard for the llhodians who were the allies of the Byzantines. Cf. 
 A. Schaef., III., Beilage 111., p. 77. Cf. Introduction. t TI, st. 6 TI, in 
 case (hat, etc. oforas : G M T. 878, 904 ; H. 981, 929 ; G. 1579, 1588; Cu. 
 593. vnrdpxtiv. . . uSoras : emphatic st. simply eid^vai, lit. you exist know- 
 ing. Cf. 228 : virdpxfiv fyvuj/j^vovs. The partic. is used as a predicate adj. ; 
 cf. GMT. 830. T<j>...<rvn4piv, but also from the fact that it was to your 
 advantage so to conduct affairs as I have conducted tiwm. Ka9' ifias, in 
 your day. Not to be taken too literally, as the battle of Haliartus, men- 
 tioned below, occurred in 395 B. c. TTJ irdXci : dat. agent w. jreirpajfj.fvuif. 
 Kal...Kal. ..irpaTmv, for it is proper bUh that a man in private and that 
 a state in public slwuld always endeavor to sliapc the future with respect to 
 the most illustrious precedents of the past. 
 
 96. apiiocrrais : these were the notoriously unpopular governors placed 
 by the Spartans, during their supremacy, over their dependencies. The 
 state of things described here is recognized as existing immediately after the 
 close of the Peloponn. War. For explanation of these historical allusions 
 let the student refer to Grate's, Thirlwall's, or Smith's History, and to 
 Thuc., IV. 66, 74 ; VIII. 95 ; Xen. ffellen., II. 2. 3 ; Pint. Lysand., cap. 
 13, 14. dXXas v^o-ovs, other islands, i. e. besides Eubcea and ^Egina, as 
 Lesbos, Samos, Melos. Cf. Xen. Hellcn., II. 2. 5 ; 3. 6. It would seem 
 more natural to have Atyivav come just before AXXas j^o-ous. Many Editt. 
 read rds fiXXas vytrovs, wh. is interpreted either as an instance of the 
 pleonastic use of ol dXXot = the rest, sc. islands (but against this is the 
 mention of ^Egina and Euboaa already made), or as meaning all the remain- 
 ing islands (but the Lacedemonians did not obtain control of nearly all). 
 \V. accepts Dobraeus's emendation, K^w ras for KXewwj, and objects to 
 Cleonai as not being, like the rest, in the, circle about Attica. VO,VS...TCX T ] : 
 the Athenian navy was limited to 12 ships, and the long walls were razed 
 to the ground. Krfpivflov : the Athenians joined an alliance of the Thebans, 
 Corinthians, and Argives against Sparta. The allied forces were defeated 
 in a battle fought near Corinth, 394 B. c., wh. circumstance gave the name 
 Corinthian to a feeble war that lasted eight years and was terminated by 
 the peace of Antaleidas. &v i\6vru>v &v flxov, mialit. havr borne many 
 grudges. Cf. 258, where av t x u"= &" ?X<A" : <*? r ' M T. 214 : H. P87 : G. 
 1303. 2. TUV TTpa.\94vruv, for th<>.tliiitn-t //.a' ircre done ; gen it. cause. T<Jv 
 AKC\IKOV TroXtjxov : the hist part of the Peloponn. War was thus named from
 
 NOTES. 
 
 the occupation of Decelea by the Lacedemonians, in 413 B. c., as a base of 
 operations against Athens. Diss. calls attention to the admirable structure 
 of this period : the participles at the beginning (<ipx6i>Tuv, Karexovruv) 
 describe the threatening situation (O&T' aKivdwa), that at the end (exoiruw) 
 gives the reason why the Athenians might have held aloof (ovd' inrtp evepye- 
 TUW) ; while in the middle comes the principal sentence (e^Xdere), wh. is 
 thereby rendered less emphatic. 
 
 97. ir^pas...TT]pfj : this passage has been much lauded by the ancient 
 critics. Lucian in his Encom. de Demosth. compares it with Iliad, XIII. 
 322-328. K&V tv oMa-tuo, even though one should shut himself up in a cage 
 and keep watch. Harpocr. makes cu\itr/vw = /juKptfi TH>I ok^aTt. Didynms in 
 Harpocr. renders it bpviOorpofaii?, wh. may be the origin of the ludicrous 
 interpretation of the Scholiast : "Man must die anyhow, even though he 
 change his manner of life, and, fancying himself to be a bird, shut himself 
 up in a bird-cage. " TOVS cryaflovs. . .ri\v a.ya.toi\v, men that are good, the hope 
 that is good ; generic use of the article. irpo(3aXAo|ivovc, casting before 
 themselves, as a shield ; cf. 301. Professor Tyler calls attention to the 
 same figure in Ephesians, vi. 16. 
 
 98. irpe<r|3vT{poi : the events referred to occurred some 40 years before 
 the delivery of this speech. irei8^| : the unusual order of this sentence is 
 occasioned by the emphatic position given to 'AaKeSai/novLovs. Aevxrpois : 
 cf. note 18. SicKuXvo-arc : in 369 B. c. the Thebans invaded Lacedaemon 
 and threatened the destruction of Sparta, but were hindered by an Athe- 
 nian force sent out under Iphicrates, and finally compelled to retire from 
 Laconia. ovS' SiaXo-yierdnevoi, nor taking into account wlutt those, men 
 had done for whom'you were about to incur danger. 
 
 99. Kai y&p : ical is used elliptically ; and you did so, i. e. take no 
 account of, etc. yap is epexegetical, introducing the fuller statement of 
 dia.Xoyiffdfj.evoi.. TOVTWV refers back to OTIOVV used in a collective sense, and 
 is genit. cause w. opyqv. viroXo-yicicrOc has for its original meaning reckon 
 in the account. cSv = TOVTWV a : cf. note 89. E{jpoiav : in 357 B. c. 
 Euboea was divided into two factions, one of wh. had called in the aid of 
 the Thebans for overthrowing democratic institutions. By the aid of the 
 Athenians the Thebans were driven out, and the old regime was re- 
 established. Cf. jEsch., 85; Diod., XVI. 7. 'flponrbv : Oropus, situ- 
 ated on the border between Attica and Boeotia, had long been a bone of 
 contention between these two states. In 366 B. c. Themison and Theodo- 
 rus, the despots of Eretria, w. aid of the Thebans seized the place, wh. then 
 l>elonged to Athens. The question of right of control came before a court 
 of arbitration, and was decided in favor of Athens. But the Thebans 
 declined to give up Oropus. Hence arose the famous SI'KTJ irept 'flpuvov ; cf.
 
 NOTES. 181 
 
 Diod., XV. 76 ; Xen. Hellen., VII. 4. 1. After Chseronea the possession 
 of Oropus was guaranteed the Athenians by Philip. 0eXovTu>v rpirpap- 
 \wv, voluntary tricrarchs, in addition to the regularly appointed trierarchs, 
 who did not suffice for that year. On the office of the trierarchy vid. Diet 
 Antiq. and note 102. oiSirw, sc. elvflf /JL\\U. 
 
 100. Kal modifies the weaker idea of ri> ffuxrai. in contrast w. the 
 stronger TO dirodovvat. " Merely" expresses it very well. T?|V vt)rov, i. e. 
 Eubcea. TJ>...diro8ovvai, in that when you had become established as mas- 
 ters of their persons and their cities you restored these rightfully to those who 
 hid themselves done you injury. Kareurrivrts : government ? Cf. H. 
 040 ; G. 927 ; Cu. 570. viroXo-yio-dfwvoi is preceded in all the MSS. 
 except in 2, L, A 2 , by iv ofr firiarfvOrrrf, wh. is probably a gloss from 
 the corresponding passage in ^Esch., 85. Tfjs...tXcv0cp(as Kal cramjptas: 
 most MSS. and Editt. place ?e/ra either after or before 'E\\rivwv. tveica. is, 
 however, not essential. The constr. oTpare/oj woifladai rrjs tXevBepias is 
 closely related to the constr. TOV 4>w/c^as diroX^rcu expressing purpose or ob- 
 ject, and has underlying it the idea of price or value. Cf. de F.L.,76: irad 
 airdrrj Kal rtx^n avvtffKf.va.a6ri TOV irepi <&uKtas 6\40pov. Larned remarks 
 upon the periodic form of the whole statement concerning the foreign ad- 
 ministration of the orator as follows : "He first speaks of what the honor 
 of Athens required, 62 - 72 ; he next sets forth his own actions as being 
 in accordance with the demands of that honor, 73-94 ; he concludes 
 w. what Athens had done in time past honorable to herself, 95 - 100 ; 
 thus uniting the whole topic in the one point of the honor of Athens." 
 
 101. tlr : of succession of thought. fririp avrfjs, K. T. ., when the 
 ddiberation was in a certain sense in behalf of herself; in the cases cited it 
 was in behalf of others. v*| Ao, yea verily; the ironical force is manifest. 
 Cf. 117. OVK &v dir^KTiv^...l...4-irtx4>1o-a : cf. GMT. 410; H. 895; 
 G. 1397 ; Cu. 537. Some of the best MSS. have &v w. firextip'nffa. How 
 would this modify the clause ? Cf. G M T. 245, 506 ; G. 1338, 1421. 3. 
 X6y<o fiovov, to tarnish by word only ; for it could be tarnished in no other 
 way. Xoyip is in contrast w. tpyov, and means simply by counselling. ci 
 f|P<>vXr6...'?jv : how does this cond. sent, differ fr. that noticed last? 
 
 IV. 102-109. DOMESTIC ADMINISTRATION. TOVTWV |ijs, next in 
 order to these just mentioned. irdXiv a, once again. KaraXvofitvov, in 
 n, state of dissolution. arcXcis, exempted; cf. dreXTjs TUIV &\\uv \(irovpywv, 
 Dem. c. Mid., 155. iirJ>, by the payment of. Diss. cites airb apiKpov, 
 Aristoph. Plut., 377. There were four forms of the trierarchy. In its origi- 
 nal form every wealthy citizen was required to furnish the state one trireme. 
 Throughout this earliest period, this duty was an object of ambition to the 
 wealthiest citizens. Later, when the citizens were reduced in wealth, prob-
 
 l82 NOTES. 
 
 ably soon after the disastrous Sicilian expedition in 412 B. c., two were 
 permitted to unite in a syntrierarchy. The system became gradually more 
 inefficient, and in 357 B. c. came the third form. A law was enacted ace. 
 to wh. the 1200 wealthiest citizens (120 fr. each tribe) were required to 
 furnish and maintain the navy. These contributors (trwreXeis), as they were 
 called, were divided into '20 classes of 60 each, called ffv/m/j-opiai, and these 
 classes were subdivided into companies of 15 each, and each company 
 (TuiTAeia) had the charge of one trireme. (In 104 it is stated that 16 
 were found in each company ; Bceekh supposes the 16th to be a kind of 
 overseer or chief of the company.) But, in order to make the system more 
 efficient, there was formed a smaller board, composed of the 300 richest men 
 selected from the 1200. These were called the ^ye/ioves or eTrt/xeXTyrcu TUV 
 <rv/j.ij.opiwv, and constituted a general committee of administration. They 
 advanced money, let out the contracts, made the purchases, etc., and levied 
 the tax equally upon all their copartners. By this system every contributor 
 paid exactly the same amount of tax irrespective of the amount of his in- 
 come. It is easily seen how the rich, by shrewd management in letting 
 out the contracts and apportioning the tax, might exempt themselves from 
 any payment, and how inefficient a navy thus provided must become. 
 The reform in the trierarchal law was proposed by Dem. as iiriffrdr^ rod 
 VO.VTIKOV in 340 B. c. , and consisted in assessing every citizen according to 
 his wealth. One trireme was to be furnished by every 50 talents of prop- 
 erty value, or by every 10 talents rated, the rate being one fifth of the 
 whole. The maximum that could be claimed from any one was three tri- 
 remes and a tender. Cf. Bceekh. Publ. Econ. AtJien., Book IV. AiroX- 
 Xvovras : so reads S ; V. follows. All the other MSS. and Editt. (so far 
 as I know) insert TO, fora before this partic. as its object. V. makes the 
 partic. 'agree w. TOVS irXovcriovs and govern TOI>J. . ./ceKTr^poyy, and translates : 
 ct cives mcdiocrcs aut tcnues pcrdcre. This form of expression receives sup- 
 port from the similar statement in 104: TOI)S d' dwbpovs T>I> TTO\ITWI> 
 firiTpi^ovcriv. TI prcetcrea. TWV Kcupwv, missing its opportunities, for 
 want of promptness. 
 
 103. d-ywva : Holmes joins this word first w. ypa<j>els as a cognate 
 accus. after passive const., and then again w. elffrjXOov. But most Editt. 
 regard ypafals as used absolutely. The entire expression is best rendered : 
 and having been indicted I entered upon a, trial of this kind (i. e. the 
 same kind of trial as that wh. Ctesiphon is now undergoing, sc. ypa.<p}] 
 irapavb/jiwv) before you and was acquitted. Cf. elarj\6ov rty ypa<f>riv, 105. 
 ' ' Dicitur, ut constat, flcr^pxfffdai, ticritvai et de reo et de actore aut accu- 
 satore." Diss. rb (w'pos, sc. -ir^irrov. The ordinal adj. is omitted, as 
 here, in 222, 250 ; but it is expressed in 266. Cf. note on
 
 NOTES. 
 
 183 
 
 rej, 82. TOVS Bcvrc'povs Kal rpirovs, t/ic second and third ranks, after 
 the iiy{fj.6i>fs r&v <rv/j.nopiu/i> in the order of the valuation of their property. 
 SiSovcu, attempted to give, i. e. offered : an inipf. de conatu. So 8ido<ra.v, 
 104. cl 8i |t^j, but if not, i. e. but if I slwutd not /*/; Oeivai ; we can 
 best translate it, but otherwise, as it expresses the alternative to (bare ^'j 
 Oeivcu. C'l. G M T. 478 ; H. 906 ; G. 1417. lav Iv virw|xo<rf<j : ace. to 
 Meier and Sclioni. Alt. Proc., p. 285, the virup.offia was a declaration un- 
 der oath that one had the purpose to bring a ypa<j>q ira.pa.vbp.uv against 
 a decree or measure before the assembly for deliberation. The effect of 
 this declaration was either to prevent the final vote by wh. a bill became 
 a i>j/j.os, or, in case the bill was already passed, to stay its operation until 
 the complaint irapavo^uv had been tried and decided in the proper court. 
 In the midst of this process the author of a bill could drop it and leave it 
 under affidavit or protest. KarapoXXovra : the more usual reading is 
 /caTa/3aX6i>ra, wh. is transl. by Kenn., having entered it in the public register 
 (i. e. iv r MTrrpquf), where the public archives were kept). With this agree 
 Bremi, Ileiske, Holmes, et al. But this rendering is impossible w. our 
 reading (pres. partic.), and one cannot let a bill go by default before it has 
 been recorded. The transl., dropping it to leave it under protest, seems 
 most in harmony w. the context. This view is preferred by Wh., Diss., 
 W., V., et al. 
 
 104. fjv = %TJV. avrois |iiv...avaX<rKov<ri...iriTppov<riv: in appos. 
 w. avroh dependent on ^/. firirplfifiv is similar to or English, to grind 
 tlic faces of the poor. piKpa Kol ov8iv : our Engl. idiom has a disjunctive 
 particle, little OR nothing. rb -yiYvdjitvov, the amount resulting by rate 
 according to their property. TiOtvcu depends gramm. on fjv, but logically 
 on the idea of ffvrtfirj contained in fy. Svoiv, sc. rpi-rjpiav. This contri- 
 bution would come from one who possessed property to the value of 100 
 talents, or 20 talents of ratable value. TTJS p-i-ds, of the single one, that 
 would have to be furnished in compliance with the old law. 8^, as I have 
 said, viz. in 103. ISCSoo-av, cf. 5i56mt, 103. 
 
 107. 8oKo : the personal st. impers. const., as often ; the 3d plur. to be 
 supplied w. ol ir\ov<noi. dv...M\iv = &v <?0<?Xoiev. Cf. G Al T. 204, 205; 
 H. 964 ; G. 1308. 2 ; Cu. 575. 1. Tofi...iroitiv : gen. price, expressing 
 purpose : for the sake of doing, to do. Notice how the order of the words 
 gives emphasis to the contrast in ;ui/rp<i 0o-ij8iiffai...fj.iKpa dvaXuwrat. KaOv- 
 4>ctvcu : composition ? Transl., to compromise, Kenn.; lit. to let slip in an 
 underltand manner. T<o...cr^vvvo|icu, pride myself upon or because of, 
 w. dat. of cause ; but the verb is more commonly followed by tiri. TJ 
 iretpav %py<? 88wK^vai, and upon the fact that it (sc. rbv vfaov) has given 
 proof of itself by actual experience. Cf. a similar expression in 195.
 
 1 84 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 irdvTa...ir<5\p,ov : this refers, ace. to Grote, Cap. XC., to the entire period 
 of hostility fr. the renewal of the war in August, 340 B. c., to the battle of 
 Chseronea in August, 338 B. c. iKtrriptav : the suppliant was wont to place 
 a wreath or twig, usually of olive, wound about with woollen bands, upon 
 the altar of the deity whose favor was sought. The Scholiast informs us 
 that there was an altar to Artemis in Munychia, to wh. seamen and tri- 
 erarchs used to repair to offer their supplications and make known their 
 grievances. TWV onroo-roXe'wv, the naval board, wh. had ten members, 
 whose duty it was to superintend the affairs of the airoffroKoi. cS^Or) im- 
 plies that they had the power of imprisonment. KaTaXi(j>0to-a, aban- 
 doned, because of its slowness or unseaworthiness ; direXc^Ot] = left behind 
 in port. avrov, liere, i. e. in the harbor of Peirseus, as opposed to w = 
 outside, at sea. 
 
 108. t-yi-yvcro, ivere habitually occurring. TO 8* atriov, lit. and as 
 regards tlie cause ; in apposition w. the following sentence ; similar are 
 reKfj-riptov 5t. Cf. Dem. de Cherson., 32. lv...^v, lay upon. 
 
 TO. dSuvoTO, cases of inability, to furnish the required quota. irdvr* 
 accordingly all requirements were wont to be met. Sdcu, 
 the plur. expresses repeated instances of the renown, etc. 
 K. T. c. : "No sordid envy, no rancor, no malignity .. .and no 
 meanness." Leland. For other instances of pd<TK<u>os, a favorite word w. 
 Dem., cf. 119, 132, 242, 317. 
 
 109. ?v. . .rots Kara TTJV troX.vv home or domestic affairs as opposed to 
 tv TOIS 'EXXijj'iKois = foreign affairs. dvrl...o~up|>p6'vTci>v, in preference to 
 the common interests of all the Greeks. 
 
 (c) 110-119. THE QUESTION OF ACCOUNTABILITY. TOVW, now 
 then, to proceed. TO belongs to the whole sentence introduced by wj, and 
 is subj. accus. of 5e87i\u<T8a.i. Transl., the statement that, etc. poi, dat. 
 agent w. perf. pass. TO. \t,fy\.<rra. y*, the most important, with emphasis 
 (from 7e) on most. The orator alludes to the last contest w. Philip, 
 wh. ended w. Chreronea. viroXappdvcov, supposing. viro\afj.^dveiv = sub 
 ponere. diroSovvai : why rather than Sowai ? ojxoitos, equally, all the 
 same, as though I had made mention of my remaining measures, iu wh. 
 case IJLOI below is dat. of int. w. vTrapx^-", exists for me. Cf. 39. So 
 Diss., Bremi, Wh., Jacobs, and most Editt. But some prefer to join 6/totws 
 more directly w. /tot, in the sense of equally with me. Transl., nevertheless 
 the consciousness of these facts exists as my witness in each of your hearts. 
 
 111. Tcov...\o'Yv depends on rot>s TroXXotfj, wh. is the obj. of both 
 /j.av6dveiv and ffvveivai. dvw ical Ka.ru> SIOXVKUV, sursum et deorsum per- 
 miscendo, V. ; das Oberste and Unterste durch eina-nder riihrend, Jacobs ; 
 Holmes paraphrases it, in a bewildered medley. irapaYcypaji|Uvc0v vdjitov :
 
 NOTES. 185 
 
 in a ypa(prj ira.pav6/j.wi> the prosecutor was obliged to publish in parallel col- 
 umns the laws and the proposed measures that were attacked as contraven- 
 ing them. SuLKcxctpiKa : this verb is used especially of the administra- 
 tion of financial affairs. 
 
 112. ^iraYyiXd(Xvos, Juiviiig offered of my own accord. "S^Sura in 
 connection w. e'jrayyetXcfytej'os amounts to tTrtdeSwica.. On the subj. of tiri- 
 (patriotic donations) cf. Smith's Diet. Antiq." HOLMES. TWV 4vWa 
 Tuv : these are mentioned as being subject to the most rigid scrutiny 
 for the discharge of their official duties. <j>iX68upov, munificent, generous. 
 <f>i\o in composition is active when it is the first, but passive when it is 
 the second part of the compound ; e. g. QiXdi'tipuwos = loving man, 0e6<iXos 
 = beloved of God. So <f>i\u8upos fond of giving. TOVS <rvKO<j>dvTas, 
 and to bring him before the Pettifoggers and to appoint these to audit his 
 donations. The art. TOI)S is used to point out an analogy to 's TOI>I \oyi- 
 ffrds as the regular commission or board for auditing accounts. The op- 
 probrious term avKo<f>avr^ was applied to a class of men who made it their 
 business to play the spy upon their fellow-citizens, in order that by threat- 
 ening an accusation they might extort "hush-money" from violators of 
 law, or levj' "black -mail" upon innocent persons. For the etymology of 
 the term cf. note on avKotpavria.*, 95. But L. and Sc. in the 6th Oxford 
 Edit, prefer the following, wh. seems to point directly to the actual use of 
 the word : " one who brings figs to light by shaking Gwtrec ; hence one who 
 makes rich men yield up their fruit by informations, and other vile arts." 
 The comic poets, particularly Aristoph. (cf. AcJiani., 818-828), hold this 
 class of men up to contempt and ridicule. The term has been variously 
 rendered : pettifogger, partisan, slanderer, informer. This and the follow- 
 ing sections contain the &&VKTOS \6yos of the orator, as ^Esch. calls it. Its 
 fallacy, however, is apparent, Dem. skilfully avoids the real issue. The 
 question was not whether Dem. should first give account of his donations, 
 but of his administration ; for such an account must first prove what he 
 had thus far simply asserted, viz. that he had made bona fide donations, 
 and not stolen fr. the state with one hand what with the other he had 
 given as a pretended donation. To be sure, when this speech was delivered 
 this point was fully proved ; the accounts of Dem. had long ago been 
 audited and approved ; but at the time .<Esch. made his complaint (some 
 7 years before) the charge of illegality on this score was technically just. 
 
 113. rip OtwpiKui: cf. note, 55. IIT&WKO, / gave a donation of 
 money. tiriSiSovai = lit. to gioe in addition to the amount due. The 
 author of the Lives of the Ten Orators (Pseudo Plut., p. 846) places this 
 donation at 10,000 drachmae. linjvwev. vircvftvvov : this is professedly 
 quoted fr. the proposal of Ctcs. The common reading inserts T/ /SoiAi) as
 
 jg6 NOTES. 
 
 subj. of iirrfveffev, but S omits this most properly, as V. remarks, since 
 jfisch. did not accuse the Senate, but Ctes. only. Observe that Dem. 
 adroitly substitutes this verb ( = eiraiveiv ypa\f/f) for ffreQavovv ypa^e. 
 ov irtpl TOVTWV, K. T. c. : yes, but not (did he propose to laud me) on account 
 of those things for which I was held responsible, but for what donations 
 I made, pettifogger ! rtixoiroibs : cf. note 55. TavT]Xu|ie'va, the 
 money expended; this was, ace. to ^Esch. in the passage cited below, in 
 addition to the 10 talents received fr. the state, the sum of 100 minae fr. 
 his own purse ; but ace. to Lives of tlie Ten Oratt., p. 851, this sum was 3 
 talents. 68V : i. e. Ctesiphon. The demonstrative t has the deictic force 
 here present. So ovroffi below. 
 
 114. ^0<riv, in vestris quidem moribus. Diss. " It was in their very 
 natures not to require such a thing " (Lamed), sc. as to give account of 
 donations. Reiske, Schaef., Dind., prefer the reading Z6e<ru> = customs, 
 practices, as opposed to vb^ots. Cf. 275 ; Isocr. Paneijyr., 152 : dXX' iv 
 rots ijBfffi rots ai)ro?s oia^fvovaiv. Nav<riKXfjs was leader of the forces sent 
 to aid the Phocians in 352 B. c. Cf. Diod. XVI. 37. Srt: some Editt. 
 read STI ; but both the idea of time and of cause may be expressed by ore, 
 and, while cause is natural as corresponding to e<f> oh above, time seems 
 required w. the change of tense in ecrre^avovvTo. AIOTIJIOS : in Lives of 
 the, Ten Oratt., p. 844, he is called one of the leaders of the people, and in 
 Arrian Anab., 1. 10. 4, he is named as one of the statesmen whose surrender 
 Alexander demanded. XapiSi^ios : a brave soldier, leader of a mercenary 
 force, who rendered the Athenians great service in their Thracian expedi- 
 tions. Dem., in his Orat. c. Aristocr., 151, 185, 188, speaks of his 
 receiving a crown. rr|>avo{ivTO : why this change of tense? Drake 
 supposes that the perfect (etrreQavurai, Tfrifj.-rjrat) denotes that Nausicles 
 and Neoptolemus were still living, the imperfect (effre<f>avovvro) that Dioti- 
 mus and Charidemus were dead. But this supposition seems true only in 
 case of Neoptolemus ; at least of the others it is not known whether they 
 were alive or dead. V. suggests that the perf. represents the act as com- 
 pleted, the impf. as customary. NeoirroXtjios : the rich man referred to 
 in Dem. c. Mid., 215. He was probably present ; hence ovrwri. ?p-ya>v, 
 sc. Sijfjioaiuv. &v l!T|...l...|<rTai...v(j)^|ti : to make a regular cond. sent., 
 what forms would be required in the conditional to correspond to the con- 
 sequent clause ? How would this change affect the sense ? vxfilgei, shall 
 subjoin accounts, the prep. vir6 denoting under or below ; here in the sense 
 of at the foot of his list of donations. The orator aims to show here that 
 usage was on his side. The precedents he cites may have been exactly in 
 point ; but unless they were, his argument fails in so far as he does not 
 prove, but simply assumes, that these men received their honors before they 
 had rendered their account.
 
 NOTES. 187 
 
 115. TOVTOIS : clat. int. w. ytyevij^va : the very decrees passed in honor 
 of these men. 
 
 117. ots: supply rovruv as antecedent in the same constr. as T^S 
 dpXTJ*- OVKOVV ov8' y, and therefore I am not either. The owe in OUKOVV 
 looks back to oix vvevBvvos just preceding, and implies an interrogatory, 
 am I not ovx inrevffwos 1 ravra yap ...S^irov, for I presume I have the 
 same rig/Us w. reference to the same things as tlie rest of mankind. The 
 sarcasm of this truism need hardly be pointed out. tire'SuiKa: the punc- 
 tuation varies in diff. Editt. , most placing a colon here and after fjpxo" and 
 j}pa. But to put these statements as suppositions in the interrogatory 
 form seems very suitable to the idea. Have I given donations ? (very 
 well), for this I am praised, etc. The same is true of 198, 274. oiic 
 <Sv : the partc. is causal : while or since I am not. &WKO. = tirtduKa. 
 " The simple verb may follow after the more complete form." V. ScSwKa : 
 this was true at the time he said it, but not when the suit was first brought, 
 7 years before. vt\ AC, oXX', yea, verily, but did I discharge my official 
 duties in an unjust manner ? A more forcible form of introducing an ob- 
 jection than the more usual d\X.' vrj Ato. - ctro gives a certain degree of 
 surprise and indignation to tin- . .-iniiy. cUrfj'yov, sc. et's rb diKaffrripiov. 
 AV. understands this, not of leadi.-- 'i.to court to answer charges of unsatis- 
 factory accounts, as Diss. sefi... t-, lake it, but of the presentation of the 
 accounts already audited and aj proved by the Legist* to the general court 
 for confirmation ; at this time any citizen might bring in a complaint for 
 malfeasance or fraud, in response to the customary invitation : T/J Karrtyo- 
 pt'iv povXerai ; Cf. Meier and Schom., p. 103. ov Karr]-yopus : most 
 Editt. punctuate, as this, with a mark of interrogation, but translate as if 
 TI or Sia TI = irhy ? preceded. Voem. objects to this punctuation on the 
 ground that thus we get the opposite sense (did you not accuse ine ? mean- 
 ing ?/<*) to what is intended. But this is not necessarily the sense. The 
 statement receives a sarcastic force from the interrogative form: you did 
 not accuse me ? Doubtless, the orator's tone of voice more clearly indicated 
 this sarcasm, as also in the preceding v!r\ Af'...fy>a. Cf. Dem. de F.L.,%2H: 
 flra riff OVK tXtyts irapaxpyv-o- TO.VTO. ov8' e5t'5a<rres r^tas ; 
 
 118. o-rf>av<3o-eai : to be understood of the proposal to crown. ots 
 ...TOV irpopovXcvpaTos : "the construction is Totfroti yap rov vpoftovXfvfia- 
 TOS A OVK eypd^aro, for by those parts of the preliminary resolution which Ju' 
 his not indifinl it -!H be clearly proved that he is malicious in those which 
 hr does attack." Wh. To make the attack upon a part and not upon the 
 whole of this transaction is a proof of malicious intent. 
 
 119. <j>T)<nv T) f3ov\f| : the Senate had adopted the proposal of Ctes. 
 Cf. note, 9. iropavofiwv -ypd^, you indict as illegal. Trapav. is genit
 
 ,88 NOTES. 
 
 crime or charge. ovx o TOIOVTOS : the art. 6 is used generically, to desig- 
 nate one of a class, not such an one ? The orator is fond of winding up a 
 division of his speech by some such sharp appeal as this. Cf. 52, 101 ; 
 de F. L., 66. In comparing the parallel argument of ^Esch. we notice an 
 anticipation of one point wh. Dem. does not touch upon, sc. that his office 
 does not fall within the intent of the law of accountability, since it is not 
 a regular magistracy (apxri)- From the silence of Dem. we must infer 
 either that ^Isch. inserted this argument in the later edition of his oration, 
 or that Dem. judged it unwise to attempt any refutation. The answer of 
 Dem. to this second count of the indictment is generally regarded as unsat- 
 isfactory, at least when taken from a strictly legal standpoint. How far 
 the law requiring the.incumbent of an office to give in the account of his 
 administration prior to his receiving any public honor may have become 
 obsolete, it is impossible to say ; that it had often been disregarded before, 
 seems quite probable from what we know of the irregular and imperfect 
 character of Athenian administration. And hence Dem. may have felt it 
 quite safe to leave this point of the case out of view, as likely to be over- 
 shadowed by the argument showing the unreasonableness of being obliged 
 to give an account of one's donations to the public service. 
 
 (d) 120-122. THE PLACE OF PROCLAMATION, (xvpidicis fivpfovs : 
 a rhetorical exaggeration ; yet not so great as might be, judging fr. the 
 statements of ^Esch. iroXXdius...<rT<f>avwo-0<u : notice the change in the 
 phraseology (ffrf<pavovv st. KypvTTttv), and cf. note, 83. erKcubs per- 
 verse. TOV 8i...o-v(i(}>povTOs: "etsi vero non dubium veram causam rei 
 fuisse, ut etiam exterorum quam plurimi coronatos cives et urbem talium 
 civium matrem adrnirarentur, Demosthenis ingenium agnoscas in eo, quod 
 puluhriorem interpretationem proponit." Diss. The same motive is ap- 
 pealed to by .<Esch. c. Ctcs., 177 ff., and by Lycurg. c. Leocr., 10. 
 
 121. irXf|v...dva-yopVT is a direct citation fr. the law. |n]<j><rT]Tai, 
 sc. dvayopeveffOai tv TJ Qtarpy. ava/yopeWTto, sc. 6 /c%>v. The argument 
 upon the third count of the indictment may be summed up thus : (1) ^Esch. 
 claims that the place of proclamation is fixed by law as follows : crowns 
 awarded (a) by the people must be proclaimed in the Ecclesia ; (b) by the 
 Senate, in the Bouleuterion ; (c) by the committee of the deme or tribe, in 
 the deme or tribe meeting. (2) Dem. claims that the proclamation of any 
 crown may be made in the theatre on the vote of the people or of the Sen- 
 ate. (3) ^Esch., anticipating this statement, argues that the proclamation 
 in the theatre under special vote applies only to the crowns bestowed upon 
 Athenian citizens by foreign states. As the claim of neither can be con- 
 firmed by genuine proofs, we are unable to decide this disputed point. 
 Most critics hold that ^Esch. is here also, as in the matter of accountabil-
 
 NOTES. 189 
 
 ity, technically in the right ; yet that it is manifestly improbable that the 
 proposal of Ctes. would have been accepted by the Senate, had not usage 
 been on his side. But Westermann and others call in question the truth- 
 fulness of ^Esch. representation, that the Athenian people had voluntarily 
 and wholly cut themselves off from the privilege of proclaiming in the theatre 
 the honors they themselves conferred, while permitting this very thing 
 to be done in the case of crowns awarded by foreigners ; and they believe 
 JEsch. guilty either of perverting the so-called Dionysiac law, or of sup- 
 pressing that most essential clause cited by Dem. This opinion finds sup- 
 port in the language of Dem. : vjfj-ovs p.tT<nroiC}v, TWI> 5' djMipw np-r\. But 
 this again is the very charge jEsch. brings against Dem. Cf. infra : x/"7- 
 ffomai rov vjfiov i^pei nvl, K. r. e. IXXtpopl.s, purge with hellebore, 
 as a cure for insanity. aio^in^...el<rdYiv...^airoiuv...d<}>ai.pv : many 
 Editt. read tiffdywv. Ordinarily, what is the diff. between the partic. 
 and the inftn. after alffxtvopuu ? Cf. G M T. 903. 1 ; H. 986 ; G. 1580, 
 1581 ; Cu. 594. A similar mingling of partic. and infin. without any 
 apparent din", in the sense, occurs in Xen. Cyrop., V. 1, 21. 22. Transl., 
 you are not even prevented through shame from introducing, and you are 
 not ashamed to alter and to garble. <f>0ovou : genit. cause, denoting the 
 motive. d8iicf|fi.aTos, for any misdeed ; genit. cause, denoting the charge 
 or crime. 
 
 122. TCO 8T)fioTuc<{: a sarcastic allusion to the words of jEsch. given 
 below. UXOVTO, agrees with avrbv to be supplied as obj. of KOfutynevos. 
 Xo-yw, by description or definition, as opposed to irpdy/Miffi...'iro\LTttifj.affi, and 
 in allusion to the terms of the ffvy-ypatpri. Some render it incorrectly, by 
 their speech, wh. would require TcjJ Xifyy or TO J Xfryots. TOVS STNIOTIKOVS 
 ...yi-yvoxTKoiuvovs : change of constr. after &<rirtp fr. nom. (^SeSw/tutt) to 
 accus. absol. Cf. 276 ; GMT. 853 ; H. 974 ; G. 1570 ; Cu. 588. 
 pr,Ta KO\ dpptjTO, lat. dicenda et tacenda ; ' ' names mcntionable cmd 
 unmentionable." Wh. "Billingsgate, as the Londoners would say." 
 Kenn. apdt]s : in allusion to the custom of the Athenians to revile and 
 banter one another in most unbecoming language, while they were riding 
 in open carts or wagons at the celebration of the Anthesterian festival, par- 
 ticularly on the second day, the X<kj. Vid. Diet. Antiq. Dionysia. Cf. 
 note on iro/xTret'as, 11. This same practice was in vogue among the Athe- 
 nian women at the Thesmophoria. Cf. Creuzer's Symbol., IV. 462. 
 
 (e) 123-125. TRANSITION TO THE THIRD DIVISION OF THE OUA- 
 TION. ica! TOVTO, this also, sc. let me say, in addition to the statement in- 
 troduced by Ko.1 /3oas above. ^X^v, has to do with, involves. XoiSopfoxv 
 pXao-<j>Tifjuas, K. T. ., but calumny involves defamations, which foes chance 
 to utter against one another in harmony with their own proper spirit. Cf.
 
 190 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 note on 10. With this of. Cic. pro Cad., 3. 6 : "Sed aliud est male- 
 dicere, aliud accusare. Accusatio crinien desiderat, rem ut definiat, hoini- 
 nem ut notet, argumento probet, teste confirmet ; maledictio autem nihil 
 liabet propositi prater contumeliam." virtiX^^a : we say in Engl., I take 
 it that, expressing an opinion resulting from previous reflection. dirb 
 TWV ISiwv = ex vita j>rivata, to be joined \\. *acws \fywpev. TO. diroppT]Ta, 
 things forbidden, hence disgraceful scandals. Dem. has special reference to 
 the scandalous personalities of ^Esch., 171 ff. 
 
 124. oi8v I T |TTOV i\iov = 6/uoiws fjttot. irofiirevtiv = XoiSopew. Cl. 
 note on jro/xiret'as, 11. ov8' tvTavGa, not even Jure, i. e. in these per- 
 sonalities. KXaiTov, K. T. 4., is fie justly to come off with less, i. e. than he 
 gave. fa, why the suhj. ? Cf. G M T. 287, 289 ; H. 866, 3 c ; G. 1358, 
 1359 ; Cu. 511. ^v = ft-ty. virip TOVTWV : in behalf of these, se. the 
 Athenian citizens. A irep f|8iKow : if in fact I did wrong, as by the foiin 
 of the condition he assumes. cjjeXciircs, you repeatedly neglected to do so, 
 sc. Xa/JeZv diicrjv. 
 
 125. u9u>os, stand clear by every consideration. TO xpovw, by the time, 
 i. e. wh. elapsed since the accusation was first made, nearly 8 years. TTJ 
 irpo9(rfu<j, by the statute of limitation. Meier and Schom. Alt. Proc., 
 p. 636, state that 5 years was the limit allowed for bringing prosecutions 
 in cases of indebtedness, recovery of estates, etc. The ypa<prj Tra.pavjfj.uv 
 could be brought against the author of a decree only within the limit of a 
 year after its proposal ; later than this, the decree could still be attacked, 
 but not its author. Ctesiphon, whom Dem. represents, was therefore dtf^os 
 rfj irpoOeafiiq.. TW KKp<r6ai...'rrp6Tpov : Diss. makes this refer to the 
 prosecutions by Diondas ( 222), and by Patrocles for the trierarchical law 
 ( 105). TTJ iroXti 8', K. T. i, but (ivJiere) tlie state must needs share -more 
 or less in the reputation connected irith my jmblic transactions, there 
 luire you encountered me ? The enthymemc contained in this section 
 may be stated thus: ^Esch. professes to be the enemy of Dem.; but his 
 prosecution is so conducted that it can result only in injury to the 
 state ; ergo, he is the enemy of Dem. only in name, but of the state in 
 fact. The student will recollect that this same charge of being dishonest 
 as an accuser was made by Dem. against his rival at the outset of his 
 speech ( 12-16). There, as here, this charge rests on the fact that ^Esch. 
 prosecuted so long after the alleged crimes had !>een committed, that now 
 they could not be properly punished even if proved ; but tJicre the conduct 
 of ^Esch. is explained as due to personal hatred, here as influenced by a 
 purpose to injure the state. With this sharp reproach, the orator con- 
 cludes what may be regarded as his defence, and proceeds to the attack.
 
 NOTES. 191 
 
 THIRD DIVISION OF THE ORATION. 
 
 126-323. STRICTURES ON THE PERSONAL CHARACTER AND PUBLIC 
 CAREER OF .&SCHINES, AND REVIEW OF HIS OWN GENERAL POLICY. 
 (a) 126-131. PERSONAL CHARACTER OF JSCHINES AS AN ORATOR 
 AND A MAN. (b) 132-323. THE CAREER OF ./ESCHINES AS A CITI- 
 ZEN AND STATESMAN CONTRASTED WITH THAT OF DEMOSTHENES. 
 
 (a) 126-131. 8'8iKT(u, has been indicated to all, sc. by his preced- 
 ing arguments. The quiet assurance of the orator, as if certain of his case, 
 probably suggested to the ancient critics the idea that a burst of applause 
 followed his last sentence, wh. he interpreted as a clear proof of his acquit- 
 tal. We may well believe that the orator had more convincing, if less 
 palpable, tokens than this of his power over his auditors. 8^ introduces 
 an anacoluthon. The apodosis that would regularly follow fireidi] TO'LVVV... 
 dtdeiKrai, is suppressed under the influence of passion. (Cf. Herrnog. Ilept 
 'Idewv, II. p. 342.) V. supposes that the orator, had he spoken calmly, 
 might have expressed himself thus : xpr) irepl <rov /col TUV a&v elirea>, diropu 
 8t, rov irpwrov /j-vrja-ffu. But it is only after a vehement outburst of passion 
 (in 127, 128), called forth by the invective of ^Esch., that the orator pro- 
 ceeds (in 129) to speak of the personal history of his opponent, without 
 regard to the structure of his previous period. |3Xacr4>T|fuas should regu- 
 larly come after elpijftAva.^, but is placed before it for the sake of rhetorical 
 einphasis. Similar are TT\V rare . . .do^av vwdpxova-av, 98, TOI>S dvOp&irovs 
 d<f>uci>ovfdi>ovs, 201, rrj...dpxy trpa.TTOfj.&ri, 293. W. avrd = by them- 
 selves, alone. Cf. 168. As ^Esch. before occasioned the self-laudation of 
 Dem., so now he is blamed for the personal invective uttered by his rival. 
 We could wish that Dem. had magnanimously refused to follow the exam- 
 ple of jEsch. in this regard. TIVWV = K rlvuv. Sicurvpci : Cf. note on 
 ditffvpc, 27. |wrpv has the same sense here as in 10. 
 
 127. AiaK^s, K. r. I. : the three judges in Hades, who were regarded as 
 models of stern and inflexible justice. o-n-pfioX6-yos : Deriv. ? For the 
 meaning Schaef. cites Eustath. Horn. Odyss., p. 1547 : elS6s tffTiv dpvtov 
 \<afi(!)ftvov TO. air^pnara. ^ oO oi 'ArriKol <Tirep/j.o\6yovs txdXovv rovs irepi 
 tfjLir6pia Kdl 07000.5 SiarplpovTas did TO dva\yfff()a.i rd K TI> <f>oprluv <paffiv 
 dvappiovra. Kal diaffv {K TOVTWV 5t rijv avrr]v eXdyxavov K\fjffii> KO.I ol ovSt- 
 vbs \6yov d|tot. "A retailer of second-hand and second-rate information. 
 HOLMES. The Athenians applied the same epithet to the Apostle Paul, 
 Acts xvii. 18. ircptTpijijia a/yopas, a hack of the market ; this term answers 
 very nearly to our police-court pettifogger. AXt6pos : the subst. used as an 
 adj.; a wretch of a clerk. Cf. dvBpuirovs oXtOpovs, Dem. c. Aristocr., 202;
 
 NOTES. 
 
 6\{0pov MetKeSovoj, Phil., III. 31. jEsch. had been at one time the clerk 
 of some of the petty magistrates. Cf. 261. iv Tpa-y<j>% : Cf. note on 
 irpay 3ei, 13. 
 
 128. KaOapjxa, scum, off scouring (fr. KaBaipeiv). fjs Twv.-.ovSc'v, w>Ae?i 
 TIO one of those icho have really enjoyed it (^s) would use any such expression 
 concerning himself. The relat. clause ^...TtrvxriKoruv performs the func- 
 tion of connecting this and the preceding sentence. K&V r'pov Xc'-yovros : 
 give the equivalent conditional clause in Greek to correspond to epvdpid- 
 fftiev. _ TOis...airoXei<}>9i<ri, to those destitute of it (sc. jraiSeias). inr 
 avai<r0t]<r(as, through stupidity; aus Blodsinn, Jacobs; to be joined \\. 
 irpooiroiovntvois. They are simpletons who suppose that they can pass for 
 educated men by simply making a pretence to education. Tb...iroitiv... 
 TO 8oK6iv, subj. of TrfpifffTtv. Trail si. : there results that they cause those 
 who hear to be in pain, whenever they speak, (but) not that tliey appear to be 
 such persons (as the;/ pretend). TOIOVTOIS is attracted fr. the accus. in the 
 predicate w. elvai to agree w. irpoairoiov/jLevots. Cf. <rvKo<f>dvTr), 266. 
 
 129. TOW = TVOS : how governed ? Tpop^s : the Schol. thinks the 
 father of jEsch. may have had the position of assistant in the school of 
 Elpias. In de F. L., 249, Dem. speaks of Tromes as himself didda-Kuv 
 ypdufjMra. Cf. A. Schaef. I. p. 191. \otviKas... gvXov, stocks, leg-irons, 
 ...wooden collar. These were instruments of torture to punish refractory 
 slaves. n,e6T)|ipivois -ya|iois, by means of midday prostitutions. "Sig- 
 nificatur igitur imprimis Hagitiosa vita, quae ne noctis quidem tenebris se 
 occultaret." Diss. In regard to these reproachful personalities we remark 
 substantially w. Schaef. I. p. 197 ff. : from Dem. de F. L., 200, 249, 281, 
 it appears that the mother of /Esch. was of Athenian birth, and a priestess, 
 but guilty of gross conduct in the discharge of her priestly office. The 
 representation, therefore* of Dem. is, to say the least, exaggerated. These 
 disgusting persona-lilies have much the same character as the personal 
 satire of comedy. To arrive at the degree of their truthfulness we must 
 sift them of all intentional exaggeration, and view them in somewhat tin- 
 same light as the mockery and satire wh. Aristophanes heaped upon Cleon, 
 Kuripides, and Socrates. What we find therein to censure, we must charge 
 to the account, not so much of the individual orator, as of the perverted 
 taste that took delight in the utmost license of speech upon the bema no 
 less than upon the stage. irpbs TW KaXapiTT) fjptai, near the hero Cala- 
 mites, i. e. near his statue. Commentators have generally understood this 
 a.s referring to the same locality designated in de F. L. , 249, as irpbs TW 
 rov tfpw rev larpov, and Voernel and Westennann have identified this Hero- 
 physician with the Scythian named Toxaris, who is mentioned by Lucian, 
 Scyth. I. This Toxaris, ace. to Lucian, lived in Athens as the friend of
 
 NOTES. 
 
 193 
 
 Solon, was buried in the Ceramicus, and subsequently deified and wor- 
 shipped as the "Stranger-physician," in the belief that through advice 
 given by his spirit the plague was stayed in Athens. The true explanation 
 of K.a\afj.irr)s (wh. has been made to mean by some probe-man or surgeon, 
 by others reed-man, as the patron of flogging schoolmasters !) has been 
 found, doubtless, by Professor Goodwin, whose interpretation we take 
 from Vol. IV. Transactions of the Anier. Philol. Assoc., 1873. " His monu- 
 ment [sc. the physician's] existed in a mutilated state in Lucian's time, 
 representing a Scythian bowman with a strung boiv in one hand and a book 
 in the other. Now KaXa/tur?;? can mean bowman (or, more exactly, arroir- 
 inan), as Kd\a/j.os very often means an arrow of reed. It will then be sim- 
 ply an equivalent for Scythian, and it will be remembered that the police 
 of Athens were called both ^KvOai and ro^urai." This monument was a 
 relic of antiquity even in the time of Dem., and he refers to it as marking 
 a well-known locality. Recent discoveries seem to place it not far from the 
 Theseum. rbv KoXbv dvSpidvra, the Jiandsome puppet. Ace. to Diss., a 
 sarcastic allusion to the fine figure of Jisch., and to his repose of manner in 
 speaking. Cf. dc F. L., 255. TpiT<ryviar^v : cf. 209, 262, 265. 
 
 130. ravra, i. e. relating to his parentage. ovSi ya.p...a^X' Ka.Ta.pa- 
 TOU : none of the various explanations of this sentence, wh. I give in the 
 order of my preference, seems wholly satisfactory. (1) Join the sentence 
 closely to edffw : I disdain to speak more about his parentage, for that was 
 not his parentage to which he laid claim by a happy circumstance (this cir- 
 cumstance is the manoeuvre by wh. he became the child of apparently 
 respectable Atlienian citizens, and is described in 6i/^ yap, K. r. e., below), 
 but It is family was such as the people curse, i. e. slaves by descent, who had 
 managed to creep into citizenship. The presumption is that such char- 
 acters were included in the curse pronounced by the herald in opening the 
 meeting of the Assembly. (2) Quite a large number of critics take Siv 
 ?TVX(V as equivalent to T&V rvxomuv and as masc., and read : he did not 
 sirring from ordinary people, but from those, etc. (3) V. understands 
 fy not of descent, but of belonging to as a class ; neque enim unus ex Us 
 frat, quorum erat casu, sed ex iis, etc. The sense, ace. to this view, is 
 that while ^Esch. was of low parentage by chance, he was of base and ac- 
 cursed companionship by choice. Cf. 282, 297. (4) Diss. takes cD* and 
 oh as neuter and & ^eftiwKfv as subj. of fy, and reads : for his acts were not of 
 an ordinary sort, but such as the people execrate. 6\(ri yap iron, K. T. I., for it 
 is quite recent recent, do I say ? nay, (nev oCf) yesterday only or the day be- 
 fore. Tp<5fi.^TOS, Trames, = the trembler, would be a fitting name for a 
 slave ; Atrmnetus = the dauntless, has a superior ring to it. FXavKoMav : 
 Apolloniiis says in the biography of ./Esch. that his mother was named by 
 13
 
 194 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 some TXavds ; add to this that jEsch. (de F. L., 78), speaks of his mother's 
 brother as FXaO/coj, and we may fairly infer that her real name was Glands, 
 wh. was lengthened to do honor to the superior station of her son. So 
 Lucian represents the old cobbler Simon, when he had become rich, length- 
 ening his name to Simtmides. "Efiirovcrav was the name of a goblin wh. 
 had the ability to assume all sorts of shapes. Aristoph. Ran., 288 ft'., 
 describes this monster. 
 
 131. IK: "instead of; as coming out of one state into the other. The 
 idiom is very common. Cf. Soph. 0. T., 454; Antig., 1093, etc." HOLMES. 
 ow\ 8iro>s...dX\a, not only not ... but ; without the usual ical after dXXd, 
 as in Lys. 30. 26 : ovx SITUS vfuv rSn> avrov TI tirtSunev, dXXo. rQv vpertpur 
 iroXXA a<j>rjpr,Tai. Cf. H. 1035 a ; G. 1504 ; Cu. 622. 4. dpa, forsooth; 
 ironical. Cf. 22. Point out the antithesis between this and the next 
 sentence. As in the opening of his speech the orator defended himself first 
 against the attacks upon his private life, so here he has directed his attack 
 first upon the private life of vEsch. Since he treats this topic afterward 
 at greater length, it seems as if it were introduced here for the sake of giv- 
 ing unity and symmetry to the structure of the oration. 
 
 (b) 132-323. I. 132-139. THE SUSPICIOUS CONDUCT or 
 jEscHiNES IN RELATION TO ANTIPHON, TO PYTHON, AND TO ANAXINUS. 
 diro4n i i<t>i<r6VTa, disfranchised. In 346 B. c., a general examination (5ia- 
 ^7j0t<m) of the registries of citizens took place for the purpose of testing 
 the validity of the claim to citizenship. Among many others, Antiphon 
 was stricken from the list (a.Tro\f/r)<f>ilff6ai). In revenge for this disgrace he 
 offered his services to Philip. 8v Xa|JovTos, K. T. 4. : the constr. of this 
 sentence is very similar to fy r(av /JLI>, K. T. e., in 128. &veu 4fil4>i<rp.aTOs, 
 without a warrant. "An Athenian's house, like an Englishman's, appears 
 to have been his castle wh. could not be entered without legal warrant for 
 that purpose, wh. Dem. did not in this case possess." Wh. Cf. Meier and 
 Schbin. Att. Proc., p. 588. 
 
 133. TJ c 'Apov irayov : the famous court of Areopagus had the 
 right in cases of extreme danger, such as conspiracies against the state, at 
 least to order arrest and to institute legal examination. When Antiphon 
 was discharged by the Assembly, the Areopagus arrested him again and de- 
 livered him up for trial to the Heliastic court. Cf. Meier and Schb'm. Aft. 
 Proc., p. 344. tv ov Se'ovri, at an inopportune, ill-timed juncture. ical 
 TJ> Bitchy, K. T. I., and slipping through tlie hands of justice, would Jiave been 
 sent out of the way by this fine-spoken gentleman. <rrpp\w<ravTS : tor- 
 ture was applied by the Athenians either for extorting testimony or as a 
 means b*f punishment ; to slaves, without any preliminary legal process, but 
 to citizens ouly on the special decree of the Assembly.
 
 NOTES. 195 
 
 134. <rvv8iKOV, advocate. irrrlp TOV Itpov : the Athenians had long 
 contended w. the Delians for the control of the sanctuary of Apollo on the 
 island of Delos. In 343 B. c. the Delians brought the affair for decision 
 before the Amphictyonic council. The patriotic party at Athens, desiring 
 greatly the election of an anti- Macedonian as advocate (since Philip had 
 great influence in the council), contrived to transfer the election from ^Esch. 
 to Hyperides in the manner described. irpoo-eiXco-3* : so read Bind., 
 IJekk., Lipsius, after the conjecture of Wolff, contrary to the MSS. wh. have 
 irpoeiXfffOf. irpoffaiptiffOai to take to ones self in addition ; hence, you 
 luid associated with you also that body (Ka.Kdvr)v) in addition; i. e. the 
 Senate and Assembly invited the Areopagus to co-operate with them ; 
 otherwise, the Areopagus would have had no right to rescind the vote by 
 wh. ^Esch. had been elected. irpoaipeivOai to choose before or instead of; 
 hence, you had selected it to act for you, i. e. delegated it. The chief diffi- 
 culty of the latter reading lies in nal (in KaKfivijv), wh. is then best joined w. 
 what follows. 'YircpeiSfl : one of the ten Athenian orators, and a promi- 
 nent anti-Macedonian leader. Persuaded by his much-lauded X6-yos Aij- 
 Xia(c6s (cf. Sauppe, II. 285 ff.), fragments of wh. only remain, the council 
 decided in favor of the Athenians. ciiro TOV f3wpov : the 'most solemn 
 method of voting was to place the l>allots (\fsrj<poi) upon the altar for con- 
 secration preparatory to depositing them. The earliest instance of this 
 usage is found in Herod., VIII. 123 : Ai6>ejttoc rds ^0oi/j eirl TOV 
 
 135. p&XovTos Xc'-ytiv is the reading of S as corrected by a later hand 
 (the original being partly erased), and of most MSS. V. and Dind. read 
 Xe-yoiros, wh. Holmes takes as an impf. and strangely renders -.'when he 
 was going to speak. The geuit. absol. constr., st. rovrov ft* \\oin-a Xtyeiv 
 obj. of dirri\a.ffei>, gives more prominence to this clause. Cf. Xen. Anab., 
 I. 4, 12; II. 24; Thuc., I. 114. OVKOVV : the force of OVK and oiV is 
 clearly noticeable here : when, therefore, .. .then it showed him to be, etc. 
 (did it not ?). 
 
 136. "Ev fwv, K. T. 4., This one transaction, therefore, of this fine youny 
 fellow was of such a nature ; similar of course, for why not ? to those, etc. 
 v as opposed to Z-repov below. vcavtov refers not to age, for ^Esch. was at 
 this time more than 45 years old, but to the arrogance and violence of 
 youth. IlvOuva : a noted orator who served in 343 B. c. as the advocate 
 of Philip in an embassy to Athens, in relation to the maintenance of the 
 peace of Philocrates. All the information we have concerning Python's 
 speech on the ^subject before us is found in the oration on the Halonnesus 
 ( 18-23). This oration was formerly attributed to Dem., but is now 
 believed to have been written and delivered by Hegesippus, a coadjutor of
 
 196 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Dem. on this occasion. iroXXul plovri, in the full torrent of speech, petv 
 is often used of speech. So in Aristoph. Eq., 526, 527 ; Hor., Sat., I. 7, 
 28, has " sal so multoquc fluenti." 
 
 137. (WTO ravO" vortpov : thereupon (relative time), later (absolute 
 time). 'Avo^fvw: a Eubcean who came to Athens about 340 B.C., proba- 
 bly while the preparations for the expedition to Oreus were in prog- 
 ress (of. 79), ostensibly to make purchases for Olympias, the queen of 
 Philip. Dem. pays no attention to the reproach of his rival : cf. Aesch. 
 c, Ctes. 223, 224. |iovos \LOV<O : the skilful collocation of the words in 
 this sentence brings out the sense very forcibly. 
 
 138. teal -yap : an instance of the frequent elliptical use of KOI. 
 oiirw irs, somewhat as follows. ?TI = prcetcrea. v : attracted fr. the 
 accus. into the case of TOVTU>I>. {nrnpTwv...irT]pedv is an instance of 
 play upon words of similar sound. els dupipfj (IVT|(IT)V, these things are 
 not treasured up by you for accurate remembrance ; the els indicates the 
 aim or object. ow8' 9\v irpotrr\Kiv op-y^v, or for proper resentment. For 
 the constr. cf. H. 995 ; G. 1037 ; Cu. 597. viroo-KtXij^iv : a colloquial 
 word. Deriv. ? avraX\aTTop,voi, bartering away in exchange for. Where 
 has Dem. spoken of this before ? Sidirep podv, K. T. i : the same senti- 
 ment is expressed in a less vigorous way in Phil., III., 55 : dXXd KO.L /xero. 
 irXfiovos a.ff<f>a\fia.s voKirtveaBai 5e5ti/care roirrots ?} rots virep vfJLUv X^yovffiv. 
 
 139. rb piv . . . <ruva - ywv<r6ai is subj. of Seivbv (fffrlv) and has answer- 
 ing to it the sentence d\X' ejreiS/j, K. T. e. irpb TOV iroXefutv refers to the 
 renewal of hostilities w. Philip after the dissolution of the peace, in 340 B. c. 
 
 -mis ya.p otf : parenthetic, as ov yap in 136. rd irXoia : cf. note 73. 
 
 XeppdvT]o-os : cf. note 80. lirl T^V "ATTIK^V, upon Attica. Dem. 
 alludes to the invasion of Lociis, 339 B. c., when Philip seized Elatea 
 (ef. 169) ; before this no direct march upon Attica had been attempted by 
 Philip. Pa.o-K0.vos : in what other connections has this word been used ? 
 
 la(jLpio-ypd4>os, writer of iambics ; a contemptuous allusion to Jisch. as 
 a poetaster and playwright. The older Editt. read iafj.j3eio<f>dyos = iambic 
 cater, i. e. mouther of iambics, referring to his bad recitation of iambics as 
 an actor; but w. this the word pd<TKavos and the context (ovS' t<TTii>...\j/ri- 
 /j.:<Tfw.) do not so well harmonize. Besides, V. has shown that ianpeioypd- 
 <os is the true reading of S, and cites as corroborative testimony vEsch. 
 c. Timarch., 136 : irepl 8 rCiv Troiij/u.d.rwi' S>v <f>a.fflv oOrot /j.f ireiron)Kti>ai, 
 TO. /j.(v 6/j.o\oy&, TO. 8' tZapvov/j.a.1 /JLT) rovrov Hx flv TOV Tpcnrov 6v oCroi dia<pOti- 
 povrts irap^ovrat. Iv T<^ c|xa> vBari = during tlie time allotted me. Each 
 party to a suit had a given portion of time allotted him, wh. was measured 
 by the water-clock (K\t\j/v8pa, cf. Diet. Antiq.). To otter an opponent the 
 opportunity to speak "in one's water" was to challenge all contradiction.
 
 NOTES. 197 
 
 This phrase explains the joke at the sobriety of Dem., sc. that other men 
 sjmke by water, he composed by it. avriv : subj. of some such word as 
 alptiffOai to be supplied and depending on dvdyKtj iariv. &XOVT* . . .TTOVV- 
 ra : the paitiec. have a strong causal force here. iropd ravfl', contrary to 
 these. Is there any escape from the dilemma of the alternative here pre- 
 sented ; if so, what ? 
 
 II. 140-159. THE PAKT WHICH JSscHiNES PLAYED, AS THK 
 HIRELING OF PHILIP, IN PROVOKING THE ASPPHISSIAN WAR. wo-irtp 
 ovS' ?Ypacf>v looks back to oi)5' fanv \f/Ji<j>iff(j.a ovStv AtVxtT?, 139. ow 
 fiiv ov, nay, no one else had a chance to say anything. TO. \tv dXXa : as 
 contrasted w. ft> 8'. lire^tip'ydxraTO : what is the force of firi in composi- 
 tion ? M9i\*t rcXos, yavc the finishing stroke. TWV 'Afujucro-c'wv = irept 
 ruv'A. So in Thnc., I. 140 : rb Mryap^ow ^T^picr/ia. TWV AoKpuiv : the 
 reverse order would be more natural : the Locrians (generic), sc. the Am- 
 phissians (specific). Amphissa belonged to the Ozolian Locrians. rb, 
 this affair, i. e. the one alluded to above in fr 8', K. r. e. This demonstra- 
 tive pronominal use of the article,, belonging originally to the Epic dia- 
 lect, is occasionally found in the prose as well as the poetry of the best 
 Attic period. Cf. Plato PJiaed., 87 c ; Soph. Trachin., 1172. See Kuhner's 
 Granun., 247.3. Kv(\|rg, wash off. The metaphor is familiar to all 
 languages : 
 
 " Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood 
 Clean from my hand?" 
 
 SHAKESPEARE, Macbeth, II. 2. 
 
 OVTU is the emphatic word. However much you may say, that you will 
 not accomplish. 
 
 141. Kal, and especially. This solemn invocation, wh. reminds us of 
 8, the orator justifies in the next paragraph. The divinity invoked is 
 Apollo, because he is the one most directly concerned in the transactions 
 that are now to be discussed. irarpwos : " The ancient Attic king Ion 
 was called the son of the Pythian Apollo, probably in consequence of the 
 lonians having adopted the worship of that deity from the Dorians, and 
 the Athenians had jrarpyou 0v<riai at Delphi." Wh. But this opinion that 
 the worship of Apollo was derived fr. the Dorians is now generally dis- 
 credited ; on the contrary, the appellation warp^ harmonizes w. the belief 
 that the Apollo worship was fr. the first peculiar to the lonians. cl...et- 
 irok|u...ctTrov : a combination of two protases w. one apodosis (^irei/xM0- 
 Cf. GMT. 508, 509 ; H. 901 c. icaV TJr', and if I did speak it, right 
 at tlie very moment when. irpos, with a view to ; st. far the sake of. 
 avoviiTov (w iroujo-ai, to render me destitute of tlie enjoyment of any good. 
 
 142. Tf oiv, K. T. e., Why then IMVC I made these so grave imprecation*
 
 198 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 and assurances? 8r]p.o<r<p, the archives. ?x wv "Sws : strongly conces- 
 sive. 4Xd,TTwv : minor quam ut conficeret. Sirep irporepov o-vvepi), sc. in 
 the acquittal of JLsch. on the famous trial (343 B. c.) for his violation of 
 oath and neglect of duty as envoy to Philip concerning the peace. Cf. 35. 
 
 143. r{>v...ir6Xfiov: the circumstances that led to this war, sometimes 
 called the "Third Sacred War," are given in the subjoined extract from 
 the speech of ^Esch. In citing this passage there is omitted, as unimpor- 
 tant to the question at issue, the story how this Cirrhaean plain came to be 
 consecrated (to wh. allusion is made by Dem. in the words \6yovs evirpoffw- 
 irovs, 149). The unusual and emphatic order of the words in this sentence 
 must not escape notice. 'EXdrcuiv : cf. note, 152. 8s refers to Philip. 
 ts av^)p, is tJie author alone and singly of all our greatest calamities; or, 
 of greater calamities than any other one individual. v TTJ eKKX^o-ia, wh. 
 was held immediately after the return of JEsch. fr. his mission to the Am- 
 phictyonic council. iroXcpov *Afi.<j>iKTvoviK6v : up to this time the war w. 
 Philip had its theatre in and about the northern possessions of Athens ; but 
 now, when it was easy to foresee that Philip, who had usurped the place of 
 Phocis in the Amphictyonic council, would be intrusted w. the leadership 
 of a war waged under the auspices of this council, the warning cry iroXe/ioJ* 
 els Tj}v 'ArriKriv elvdyeis ought not to have sounded in vain. K iropa,KXr|- 
 o-ws, those seated together by preconcerted arrangement ; lit. by summons. 
 irapa.K\riTos = Lai. odvocatus. The orator means the Macedonian clique 
 wh. generally sat together in the popular Assembly whenever concerted 
 action seemed desirable. 
 
 144. viraKovi(raT is used here in the sense of the simple a.icofau>. 
 ^KXv(h]T, sc. in the earlier deliberations, when ^Esch. and his clique had 
 everything their own way. Later, the opposition of Dem. was more effec- 
 tive. Cf. the account of JEsch. infra. In regard to the charge of Jiscli. 
 that Dem. procured the passage of his decree by the artifice described in 
 the citation, Grote remarks : "There is nothing to confirm such insinua- 
 tions ; moreover jEsch., if he had still retained the public sentiment in his 
 favor, could easily have baffled the tricks of his rival." Kal...Kcd ..KCU : 
 con-elated. SeivcJrrjs : calliditas, Schaef . : craftiness, Kenn. 
 
 145. fjv. . cl. . .iroi^o-tw : what kind of a condit. sent. ? Cf. G M T. 696 ; 
 II. 937 ; G. 1502. 2 ; Cu. 549. 0Tjpatows...0TraXovs : while the tra- 
 ditional hatred between the Thebans and Athenians continued unabated 
 (cf. 168), there had arisen on the other side an estrangement between the 
 Thebans and Philip, of wh. the refusal of Thebes to participate in the 
 measures against the Amphissians (cf. Much. 128) was an expression. In 
 this state of things, it was probable that Thebes would not only decline to 
 join Philip in an expedition against Athens, but would even prevent his
 
 NOTES. 
 
 199 
 
 army from passing through her territory ; and it was doubtful whether 
 under such circumstances the Thessalians would follow him. Cf. A. Schaef., 
 II. 505. Ttov XTJOTWV, guerillas; the reference is to private bands of 
 marauders who by land and sea harassed the domain of Philip. TWV ix 
 rfjs X"P a s : c f- note, 44. 
 
 146. |iT|T...(i.7JT, st. o0re...o0Te, because the particc. have a conditional 
 force. 6iroiov<r8T|iro9', of whatever sort they were ; a point upon wh. he 
 does not expatiate (e'w yap rovro ye). avrrj """0 <f>vrei, to suffer ill from flic 
 very nature of the locality and the circumstances of each party. The power 
 of Philip lay in his land forces, that of Athens in her navy ; the way to 
 Athens was obstructed over land by the Thebans, over the sea by the 
 Athenians. 
 
 147. i...<rvjiire6oi...fi.v Tryrii-o irpo<r'iv, if then he should try to per- 
 suade to join (ffvv) ... he thought that no one would be likely to pay attr/i//'<nt 
 to him. Notice the emphatic position of TT;S idias tvtK x#P*- &" Tpoff^eiv 
 would regularly be at> irpoir^oi in the finite form. The fut. opt. w. &v is so 
 rare that its existence is denied by some grammarians. For this reason 
 some critics profuse either to omit &v or to change the text to Siv 
 But cf. GMT. 203, 208 ; Kiihner's Gramm., 260. 5 a ; Baiimlein dc 
 pp. 295-297, 351. Undoubted instances of the fut. opt. w. &v are found 
 in Lycurg. in Lcocr., 15; Lys. de cade Erat., 22 ; of the fut. inlin. w. 
 &v in Dem. Leptin., 35 ; Thuc., II. 80. 4uv...irapaicpov<r<r6cu, but if 
 in assuming the common pretexts of tJiesc he should be chosen leader, he hoped 
 lie would in part quite easily deceive tJiem and in part persuade them. The 
 second of these two conditions (so. eaa> alpeOy) expresses the more probable 
 or nearer alternative, the one wh. was later actually fulfilled. Just below 
 Dem. makes the same discrimination : tl tiffTjyoiTo TJJ and Av 'AOyvalos # 
 rots . . . KOIVCIS irpo<j>d<ris : the same wh. are called irpo<f>dffeis 'A/j.<j>iicTvoviKas in 
 158, and relating to the supposed violation of the rights of the Delphic 
 god by the Amphissians and Athenians. TOIS 'A^ncTvoo-i : dat. com- 
 modi. irff>\ = in, denoting place and time. So irepi rbv AeKfXeiKkv ir^Xe- 
 fwv, 96. IlvXaiav : the Congress of the Amphictyons bore this name, 
 as the delegates that of irv\dyopai ( 149), from the circumstance that it 
 assembled twice each year, in autumn and in spring, in the temph: of 
 Demeter at Thermopylae. It was formerly supposed that the spring scs-imi 
 was held at Delphi, but the recently discovered funeral oration of Hyperi- 
 des ( 16), ace. to Westermann, has confirmed the conjecture of those crit- 
 ics who believe that the delegates first assembled at Thermopylae to per- 
 form their ancient rites, and then adjourned to Delphi to transact other 
 business. tis ravO', for these things, i. e. to settle these difficulties. 
 
 148. Upo|ivT|p,<$vwv : derjv.? The difference betw. the Hieromnemons
 
 200 NOTES. 
 
 and Pylagorae is not wholly clear ; but from the representation of 
 115, it appears that besides the general meetings in wh. both participated, 
 there were sessions of a more special character attended alone by the 
 Hieromnemons ; and that these alone were the actual official members of the 
 Council and had the right to offer proposals and to pass decrees, while the 
 Pylagorae seem to have acted merely as councillors, who, whenever occasion 
 demanded, were to plead for the particular interests of their respective states. 
 
 exclvov : spoken from the standpoint of the speaker ; cf. 218, 236. 
 vTr6t|/{(r6ai : the critical student will observe that this apodosis in oratio 
 recta would differ fr. &v irpoffefiv above. evjropws \^<r.v, it (i. e. rb 
 irpayfM == his scheme) would easily escape detection. 
 
 149. <j>vX.o.TTovTOS : Schaefer remarks that we might expect <f>v\arro- 
 fdvov guarding against, but the idea of guarding against anything involves 
 that of being watchful lest it may happen ; hence the middle and active of 
 this verb are frequently interchanged. irpopXTjBsls, K. T. i., Jtavitig been 
 nominated and three or four having held up their hands for him, lie %v/.v 
 declared elected. The result of a vote was immediately declared by the pre- 
 siding officer. The method of procedure here described is not entirely un- 
 known in modern political assemblies. fir^peuvev, K. T. I., he. aommpHthed 
 the ends for which he had been hired. Whether this charge of Dem. be true 
 or not, it is certain that if ^Esch. had been acting as the hireling of Philip, 
 he could have done nothing so favorable to the ambition of Philip and so 
 fatal to the freedom of Greece, as to stir up this new Amphictyouic war. 
 
 tfOev, how and whence, going back and tracing the history from its origin. 
 
 fj Kippata X"P a : the Cirrhaean territory is a fertile plain extending from 
 the foot of Mt. Parnassus to the Corinthian Gulf. How it came to be set 
 apart to the service of the Delphic sanctuary is familiar to all who know 
 the history of the first Sacred War, B. c. 595. direipovs Xo-ywv, inexperi- 
 enced in speech-making, in contrast w. the Pylagorae. "The Hieromne- 
 mons were chosen, in Athens at least, from the whole body of people, 
 without distinction of person." W. 
 
 150. ircpiX0iv, i. e. circuire ad fines deter minand,os. Diss. <r<J>a>v 
 avTwv o{i<rav, as belonging to themselves. rfjs... \wpas : pred. partit. genit. 
 
 ovSc|itav 8iKT)v...7ra-yovTwv, although tJic Locrians were bringing no suit 
 against us, nor those charges which now this man pretends. Dem. does not 
 directly contradict the narrative of Msch. ; his argument is this : no sum- 
 mons had been served by the Locrians on Athens, and without such sum- 
 mons no prosecution could legally be carried on ; hence there were still 
 many steps to be taken before final judgment could be pronounced against 
 Athens ; .<Esch. ought, therefore, to have tempered his zeal w. a little good 
 sen$e ; to say nothing more. The account of ^Esch. gives no explanation of
 
 NOTES. 201 
 
 the most vial point in the whole affair, the appointment of Philip to conduct 
 the war. Cf. Grote, XC. ; A. Schaef., II., p. 498 ff. TtXAraoflai, to briixj 
 to an issue (rAos). airb irotas apx^js, from what cause ? a.p\r\ is used in 
 the Homeric sense of alria. V. cites in confirmation of this rendering a 
 Schol. wh. explains fi?ra e/c TOUTUV in the next i>aragraph by awb /tias 
 Wt'7 s ttirt'os (uas. Some take dpx 7 ? to mean here magistracy, and read 
 under tfie ausjnccs of what, magistracy ? But W. remarks that this idea is 
 implied in the preceding rls...tK\-fiTfvffev. Inferior MSS. read tiri TTOUIS 
 dox^) wn - i y made to mean : in what archonship ? But this idea the Greek 
 would express by eiri rii>os &pxvros. ravrrj Karcxpw, you have made use 
 of this as an empty and false pretext. The omission of the art: makes ratfrg 
 tlie subj. and Trpoipdffet the predicate of the clause. Cf. H. 674 ; Kuhner's 
 Larger Grauim., 24ti. 3, liem. 1. 
 
 151. (UKpov Kan]K<}vTwrav, well-nigh shot them all down. Cf. the 
 account of yEsch., 123. &iro etc TOVTWV, once for all from these proceed- 
 ings. K<h~nx|>os : ^isch., 128, tells us all we know about him. 01 p.iv, 
 sc. the Athenians and the Thebans, as we learn IV. the account of ^Esch. 
 ds denotes the terminus ad quern. They had been expecting to do this all 
 along, and were planning it for the next meeting. T?|V tmowrav IlvXatav : 
 Jthe next regular meeting of the Amphictyonic council. Grote says that the 
 first motion raised by ^Esch. against the Amphissians occurred in the spring 
 meeting (he says at Delphi, but see note on Hv\aiai>, 147) ; next there was 
 held the special meeting wh. elected Cottyphus to the leadership ; after 
 this, in September, 339 B. c., came the regular autumnal meeting, wh. is 
 referred to here. irl rbv 4>. T|'y*fM* va ^-yov, lit. they brought, affairs (sc. ra 
 vpAyiMTa) to Philip as leader. So in Phil., III., 57 : ot fiv ftf u/xas 7/yov 
 TO, irpdy/MLTa, oi 5' ivi $i\iirirov. ol KaTTKeua<r(wvoi, K. r. 4., those of the 
 Tliessalians and those (lit. of those) in the rest of the states who had 
 been prepared (i. e. bought) and were veteran traitors. 
 
 152. tlo-4>piv. to contribute a special tax. T)|UOVV, to punish by fine. 
 - -JP^TI Yap : yap implies an ellipsis in the thought, somewhat like this : 
 but what is the use of wasting many words upon this point ; for you know 
 the result, and that is enough. cvKus : Philip at once set about collecting 
 a force and preparing for his campaign in Hellas. But Dem. neglects to 
 mention (probably w. the intention of making his narrative the more strik- 
 ' ing and effective) that Philip first marched against Amphissa, and, after 
 destroying it and defeating the combined forces of the Locrians and Athe- 
 nians, turned back unexpectedly towards Elatea. Cf. A. Schaef., II., p. 513 ff. 
 
 ppuo-9cu (f>pcLcras, having bidden a long adieu. This sarcastic use of this 
 phrase is quite common. Cf. dc F. L., 24S : <-ppu>T0cu 0pd<ray r<J> ao<f>y 
 2o<jioK\fi. 'EXdrciav : the largest town of Phocis, situated not far ft, the
 
 202 NOTES. 
 
 frontier of the Epicnemidian Locrians, and important as the key to the 
 mountain passes that give approach to and from Thessaly. It had been 
 destroyed, in common w. the other Phocian towns, at the close of the Sacred 
 War, 346 B. c. Jisch., 140, states that now Philip fortified it. How 
 much consternation this movement of Philip excited at Athens, we shall 
 presently hear. 
 
 153. woirtp x^o-ppovs : the student must have already noticed the 
 sparing use Dem. makes of figures of speech. For Quintilian's criticism of 
 his style and comparison of him w. Cicero, cf. Institutes of Oratory, IX., 
 ch. I., 40 ; X., ch. I., 105-108 ; XII., ch. X., 23. rJ> / ^atyvr]*, 
 for tlie moment at least (though not ultimately). ical .Kal, and... also. 
 
 156. tnr#|Kovov, refused to comply, either to join him in attacking the 
 Athenians, or permitting him free transit through their borders. TOVS... 
 <rvp.juix ov S : the Arcadians, Eleans, Messenians, and Argives. TJ> irpdr- 
 Tctv : epexegetical of irpfxpaffiv. This use of irpb<j>a<nv for the true reason 
 is rare and scarcely recognized in the lexicons. It is often opposed to dXr/Oes 
 (irp6<paffiv /j.^v...rb a\r]6ts 5t), and is used just below to denote the pretexts 
 alleged by Philip and presented by ^Esch. TYLER. Cf. 225, where \{/evdeis 
 is added to distinguish fr. d\r)0fis, and Thuc. I. 23, 6. - Sogavro, measures 
 resolved upon by the Amphictyons. ac^opjias : deriv. ? Occasions, oppor- 
 tunities for acting, \\. the idea of secrecy or dishonesty. 
 
 158. 4>v-yi Ka.Ta4>v-yi : Diss. remarks that these verbs are used to- 
 gether by way of sarcasm. irtpuovres : in allusion to the notorious habit 
 of the Athenians of walking indolently about and hearing and discussing 
 news and politics. Cf. Kara TTJV dyopav TrepitpxofMi, 323. ii<}>' tvJ>s, se. 
 Philip. 
 
 159. ov OIJK &.v 6icvT|<r(Hfu, K. T. e., ivhom, were one icitJwut reserve to 
 speak the truth, I for my part should not hesitate to call the ruinous cause of 
 all the losses that have followed. T<Jwv, districts ; more general in mean- 
 ing than w6\f<av. Wh. understands it to mean forts = x u p' ia - o Y*P 
 iropa<rxv, OVTOS, K. r. ., for lie who furnishes the seed, he is responsible for 
 the harvest of evils. Cicero appears to have imitated this passage in Philip., 
 II., c. 22: "ut igitur in seminibus est causa arborumet stirpium, sic hujus 
 luctuosissimi belli semen tu fuisti." 8v : the relative is taken out of its 
 clause and placed first to serve as a connective ; cf. ^s ruv p.fv TfTv-^KOTuv, 
 128 ; furthermore, 8v is the obj. of da-eo-r/jd^ijTe, the accus. retained after 
 tlie passive without a prep. Cf. H. 724 a ; G. 1239 ; Cu. 398. Cf. 
 Soph. (Ed. Col., 1272. Render : from whom that you did not turn away 
 in abhorrence as soon as ever you saw him, surprises me. Tpo, between 
 you and the truth ; lit. before the truth, hiding it from you as by a 
 veil.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 203 
 
 III. 160-247. THE PART DEMOSTHENES PLAYED IN DEFENDING 
 HIS COUNTRY -AGAINST THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE AMPHISSIAN WAR, 
 
 BY BRINGING ABOUT THE ALLIANCE WITH THEBES. Zvp.fUf3T|KC : as 
 
 something that is perfectly natural. TO, tpya...TQvs \6yovs, the real- 
 ity. ..the account. So Thuc., I. 22 : mi oaa. fitv \6y<{> flirov f/caerrot, rd 5' 
 fpya rCiv irpaxOtvruv. aihrwv : cf. note on ret TWC ' Afjupifffftuv S&y/ttara, 
 140. 
 
 161. virb TWV TO. 4>iXCirirov <f>povovvTwv, under the influence of those 
 favoring the interests of Philip. So in 177 : <f>povov<n TO. vfj.fr epa favvr- 
 itig your interests. CKare'pois. . .ajufxyrtpois : the former denotes each of the 
 two (Thebes and Athens) in their separate interests ; the latter the two to- 
 gether in their joint interests. 8 jiiv. . .Btdjwvov : the relative sentence pre- 
 ceding its antecedent rb...iav awakens expectation on the part of the hearer. 
 TO irpoo-Kpovtiv, and for collision with one another. A strong word ; lit. 
 to dash or strike against. In 19, 163 the orator uses the compound 
 ffvyicpovfiv = to strike together ; in 198, avriKpofaiv = to strike back, hence 
 to turn out badly. TOVTO sums up the whole thought ; often so used. 
 
 162. ' ApurTo4>vTa . . . EvfBovXov : cf. 70. irpdai ravn\v T^V <ju- 
 \iav, to effect this alliance. (JovXc^vovs . . . ofioywcojiovovvTas are sup- 
 plementary after eiSo>s, while euriX^yojraj is concessive : although often 
 contradicting each other (sc. eairrots) in regard to other matters, upon this 
 were always agreed. ovs...irapt)KoXov8is : .flsch. is said to have been 
 secretary to them. The particc. KoXaicevuv and Kariffopuiv contain the im- 
 portant idea. tclvoSo; : this word has been rendered base wretch, vile 
 animal, scandal to huminity, crafty creature, monster, sly fox, reptile. 
 I prefer the last as most in harmony w. the idea of a sneaking, false char- 
 acter that fawns upon those whom it is ready to betray. 8oKi|xao-dvTwv, 
 sanctioned. 
 
 163. fccio-c, i. e. to his statement interrupted in 153. 8n to be joined 
 w. ffw^i). o-vfiircpavap^vuv, K. T. ., and because the rest of his coadjutors 
 had joined (ffvv) in developing our hostility imth Thebes. The genit. absol. 
 expresses cause or reason here. ovircp, for which veri/ purpose ; ftp indi- 
 cates the closeness or exactness of the relation. irpoaW<rrT)|iv...avaXa- 
 Piv, and had we not aroused ourselves a little beforehand (i. e. before 
 Philip's plans were matured), we should not have been able to gain them 
 over to our side. ava\afteiv is generally taken in the sense of to recover or 
 retrieve. But what is it fr. wh. they could not have retrieved themselves ? 
 Some say, from their enmity ; but this makes poor sense. Others say, they 
 could not have recovered their position ; but this seems too vague. Dem. 
 wishes to say this : our only hope of successfully resisting Philip lay in a 
 union w. the Thebans ; but this hope would be utterly destroyed, if feelings
 
 2O4 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 of hostility were allowed to exist much longer. For this sense 
 cf. Dimarch c. Dem., 28 ; Aristoph. Equit., 682. rf|v \6pav : so reads 
 2 ; inferior MSS. have vb irpayiM. Our reading appears to favor the inter- 
 pretation of a.va\aiv just give*n. 
 
 g 168. 8ia TOVTWV, i. e. jEsch. and his accomplices. t-rropOtls . . . rais 
 diroKpio-criv, led on by these decrees and by the responses. Wh. wonders how 
 Philip could have been encouraged to make his attack on Elatea by these 
 dironpifffis inserted in the text, wh. profess to be written by himself. We 
 suspect that Westenuaim is right in conjecturing that Dem. alludes to the 
 correspondence then going on between Athens and Thebes, wh. was prob- 
 ably not altogether in a spirit of friendly reconciliation, and of wh. Philip was 
 doubtless well informed. u>s ow8' &v, K. T. ., as though, come what might, 
 we and the Thcbans would never again co-operate. <rv|tirvv<rd.VTwv &v 
 ffvfiTTVfvffaivro SLV, cf. G M T. 215 ; H. 987 ; G. 1308. 2 ; Cu. 595. For 
 the repetition of &t> cf. GMT. 223, 224 ; G. 1312; K. 261. 3 ; Madv. 
 G. S. 139 b. What, gramin. objection is there to the form ffv^irvevaovTuv 
 wh. is found in the best MSS. ? 
 
 g 169. -yap introduces the narration, as we use now in Engl. No passage 
 in the oration has been more lauded, and more deservedly so, than this 
 graphic and beautiful description. Cf. Longinus. It is interesting to read 
 and compare the account of this event given by Diodorns, XVI. 84. 
 'Ecrirepa : the order of the sentence emphasizes the fact that this announce- 
 ment was made in the evening. irpvrdvcis : the intelligence would natu- 
 rally first come to them from their official position. ws : cf. H.930, 1054d ; 
 G. 1476 ; Cu. 632 d, 526 b. H,ETOU Btiirvofivrcs : the prytanes took 
 their meals in the 0j.\os, a building adjoining the Senate room, at the ex- 
 pense of the state. The principal meal (detirvov) w. the Greeks was at even- 
 ing. TOVS T' CK TWV O-KTJVWV : cf. note on 44. e^ap-yov, drove the huck- 
 sters out of their booths, for the purpose of clearing the Agora preparatory to 
 convening the Assembly. Cf. Aristoph. Acharn., 21 ff. The descriptive 
 character of the narration is strengthened by the use of the impf. in this 
 and the following verbs. TO, ycppa tvirt|Airpa<rav, set on fire their sheds. 
 TO, ytppa, originally used of wicker-work, later came to signify any kind of 
 covering or roofing. As to the object of this proceeding commentators 
 vacillate between two opinions : (1) in order to clear the space of the Agora 
 with all possible despatch ; (2) to serve as a signal of alarm wh. was to 
 summon the people fr. the rural districts into the city. Objection is made 
 to (1) that this act was unnecessary, since there were numerous slaves who 
 could remove these sheds in ample season before the next morning ; to (2) 
 that the situation of the Agora was not a suitable one for giving signals. 
 Still, on the whole, (2) seems the more probable theory : first, because no
 
 NOTES. 20; 
 
 other step seems to have been taken to call the rural population into the 
 city ; second, because there was after all no empty square so large and 
 suitable as the Agora for giving such a signal. TOVS orpaTTj-yovs : 
 these had to summon the extraordinary session of the Assembly. Cf. \f/^ 
 <t>i(r/ja, 37 ; Meier and Schom. Att. Proc., p. 107. &jxa TJJ T]p.pa, nt. 
 daybreak. But there was nothing unusual in this, as we learn fr. Aristoph. 
 Acharn., 20 ; Ecclcs., 312, 377. xP T ll iaT " rcu Ka ^ wpopovXcvo-ai is tin- 
 usual form of expression to denote (xjoij/Mtricrai) the discussion and delibera- 
 tion of any proposal and (irpoj3ov\cuffai) the adoption of a resolution or bill 
 to be brought before the ^(c/cXijo-fa. dvw KaOfj-ro : the Assembly was held 
 at that time in the Pnyx, wh. was located on a hill overlooking the Agora. 
 Hence ava^aivnv eJs TJJP KK\rjffiav, Dem. c. Aristocr., I., 9, 20. 
 
 170. us : temporal. fjXOtv, sc. et's TT\V eKK\r)<riat>. dirVjyytiXav : prob- 
 ably through the eTrtardTijs as chairman. TOV fJKOvra rroff\yayov, and 
 they had introduced tlic messenger. 4jpura, kept asking. TS d-yopcvciv 
 povXtTai is the ordinary formula for opening the business of the meeting. 
 Cf. Aristoph. Acharn., 45. iroprjci, i. e. tiri rb /3^/M. p-qroptov : tlie 
 Greek rnetors were at this time a class of professional politicians and pub- 
 lic speakers. The orator emphasizes the point that all those men were 
 present in this Assembly who were wont to be foremost in giving counsel. 
 KoXov(TT)s 8i ri)s Koivfjs, K. T. c., and although the common voice of the 
 fatherland was summoning some one to speak in behalf of her welfare. 
 Many Editt. read /caXot/<r?;j 3 TTJS Trarploos TTJ KOIVTJ <t>wvrj, wh. has excel- 
 lent MS. authority. For the omission of the article w. varpioos, cf. 
 242. 
 
 171. T& Pallet : the bema was the tribune fr. wh. the Athenian orators 
 addressed the people. As seen to-day among the ruins of Athens, it is a 
 sc:lid cube of stone, some 10 feet in height, having a surface once square and 
 smooth, but now somewhat irregular ; it is surrounded at the bottom on 
 i luce sides by stone steps or seats. otS' 8n : parenthetic and without any 
 influence on the construction ; so frequently. Cf. 293 ; Phil., II., 29 ; 
 Soph. Antig., 276. oi rptaKoo-ioi : cf. note on the trierarchal system, 
 S 102. TOVS d|x<j>oTepa ravra, sc. &raj, and if those who were both (sc. 
 ira.pt \6tiv tdei). dfuf>6rfpa ravra is a preiie. accus. , and simply anticipates 
 the Kal...Kal following. (wrd ravra, i. e. after Chieronea, when the citi- 
 zens made the greatest personal sacrifices to repair their walls and put their 
 city in a better state of defence against Philip. Cf. 248, 312. 
 
 172. K t vos . . . lKttvi\ : very emphatic ; that (memorable) occasion. 
 TapT)KoXov0T)KOTa, who had closely followed up. ov84v...^ft.tXXV, be any 
 tin- more likely ; i. e. for all his wealth and patriotism. 
 
 173. l4>dvT]v t-yci, / then appeared to be this one (i. e. 6v b xaipbs
 
 206 NOTES. 
 
 upon that day. The unusual order of the sentence makes yc& very em- 
 phatic. What is to be grammatically supplied in the predicate after tydvijv ? 
 T?|V . . .Tdiv, I did not desert the post of patriotism in the hour of danger. 
 Cf. 138: rty eXbpevov r&% iv ; Dem. Olynth., III. 36 : irapaxupeiv TTJS 
 renews. iroXiTctas, you will be much mare familiar with the entire con- 
 duct of affairs for the future; i. e. more familiar w. the principles of my 
 policy as applied to the events that remain to be considered, than you other- 
 wise would be. Some scholars prefer to make TO. \oiira limit TroXiretas ; w. 
 this coustr. the sense is not materially altered. With this life-like and 
 masterly description the student may profitably compare Webster's graphic 
 account, in the trial of the Knapps, of the murder of their victim. 
 
 174. 8n : merely to introduce the citation, and not to be translated. 
 What now follows is all we know of the masterly speech Dem. delivered on 
 this occasion. This brief summary is itself an eloquent testimony to the 
 wisdom and magnanimity of the Athenian statesman. First, Dem. shows 
 the advantage and necessity of an alliance w. Thebes ; next, what measures 
 are to be taken to secure this alliance. s virapxovrwv 0....4> M as though 
 tJie Thebans were in favor of Philip. virApxeiv nvi to be in support (vrro) or 
 in favor of any one, a meaning not given by L. and Sc. Cf. Dem. de F. L., 
 54 : rb rbv $>i\nrirov virdp^fii' avrols Trei<r6rjvai ; 118 : virap^tav iKeivtp. 
 f|Kovo|xcv...vra : how different fr. ijKotfo/tei' elccu ? avrbv 6vra, accus. w. 
 d/cotfw as the thing heard. v' '(Toip.a, K. T. 4. : a general expression for 
 tJiat he may bring the Thebans over to his side. 
 
 175. diravros evrpe'irta-rai, all (those embraced in the category of f)...ty 
 he has made friendly to himself. The orator's point is that Ph. has already 
 exhausted his opportunities in Thebes. ScCgas, by showing a military force 
 in the vicinity. eirdpcu, iroifjaai, KarairXTJ^au : these infinitives depend 
 on povXerai, the force of wh. continues. ?v* <] a-iryxwp^crwo-i : expresses 
 the ultimate purpose or aim of what precedes. In order that they may either 
 yield through fear what nmv they are not willing (to yield), or may be com- 
 pelled by force. 
 
 176. A TI Svo-KoXov =: 6Va 5i5cr/coXa, whatever is offensive ; as e. g. 
 what is referred to in 96. etra, in the next place ; without the 5<? as 
 correl. of /j.tv. Cf. liretra, 1. Tn the next paragraph we find the same 
 omission of $<?. |i^|. . . ft.0wo-iv : for the negat. and use of mode cf. G M T. 365 ; 
 H. 887 ; G. 1378 ; On. 533. O.-UTU>, those now opposed to him hnvinq 
 received him, Reiske conjectured avr&v as obj. of trpoffSe^afjiftxtiv st. ai/r<J>, 
 on the ground that the pronoun seems more essential in connection w. this 
 than w. the other partic. ; but in 162 we have oOs as obj. of KoXaxetJuv st. 
 oft w. irapr,/coXoi/0as. <J>iXiir-iri<rciVTwv : a word coined probably by Dem. 
 So Herod, and Time, used the verb Mr)8ieii> in the account of the relations
 
 NOTES. 
 
 207 
 
 of Persia and Greece. dpcfxmpoi, i. e. Philip and the Thebans. irpbs TW 
 o-Koiriv...-yvt](r0, and yc may be inclined to deliberate, instead of to dispute 
 concerning what I may say. 86eiv : Rauchenstein conjectures $eiv ~ 
 sJutll be able (cf. 172), instead of 56etc, as the orator would not say shall 
 seem to speak; but by supplying vfuv this objection vanishes. |>rrT)KOTa 
 K^vSvvov TH iroXci : the same order of partic. and subst. is found in 190, 
 197, 220 ; a different order in 179, 188. Which is the more regular? 
 
 177. T oflv <jiju BIV : Diss. notes how skilfully the orator excites 
 attention in beginning the second part of this speech w. this inquiry. 
 jiTa0<r9ai : used absolutely, to turn about. TwvSeivwv: gen. w. fyyv- 
 rtpw. irporlpois : as a predicate ; the peril is theirs first. 'EXv<riva.8t : 
 this route would be over the "Sacred Way" to Eleusis (about 12 miles fr. 
 Athens), thence to Thebes in a northwesterly direction across Mt. Cithreron. 
 A more direct way to Thebes led through Acharnae and Phyle ; but this 
 was not so practicable for a large army, nor did it offer any large plain, such 
 as the Eleusinian, for the massing of a large force, in case of an attack. 
 TOVS v T)X.LKia, those who have tfie requisite aye for military service. This 
 designation applies only to the heavy-armed troops ; the cavalry, being a 
 branch of service of later origin, is named separately. The military age 
 was from 18 to 60. 4 forov, sc. as to the partisans of Philip. rb iroppT]- 
 <rid<r0ai, the boldness to speak freely. ovTw..:{iirdpX9', so to those who 
 wish... you stand ready to render assistance. 
 
 178. Kvpiovs, and to give them, together with the generals, absolute control 
 both of the time to be fixed upon for going thither (i. e. to Thebes) and of the 
 expedition. TOVTW...TJ>V vowv, to this give most mrrful attention, I pray 
 you. M<H is an ethical dative; cf. H. 770; G. 1171 ; Cu. 433. - 
 atcrxpos : it would be dishonorable to take such advantage of their 
 helplessness. 4v TOIS 4<rxdrois : some MSS. add Ktv&iivoK ; but we 
 can say: in extremities. r)|xa>v...irpoop<i>|uv<ov : on the principle that 
 those who are somewhat removed fr. danger are calmer and clearer in their 
 judgment than those who are in the midst of it. Kal...ical, both. .. and ; 
 embracing the apodosis. irpoo-x^naTOS : the pretext was to give aid to the 
 oppressed Thebans. Wv 8'...4v : the latter condit. clause is special and 
 subordinate to the former, wh. is more general. Cf. tl i*tv...i and ' 5...ei 
 in 217. TJ|iiv : dat. agent. The words that Dem. here puts, so to say, 
 into the mouth of the envoys, are lauded by Dionysius in his Art. FJietor., 
 IX., 9, for their appropriate (fvirptiretav) character. 
 
 179. OVK tlirov. . .OVK ^yp ax l /a > K - T - : the antithetic force of i*tv. ..Sd and 
 the peculiar use of the ncgat. OVK and ovdt, make an exact translation of this 
 much-praised example of climax (cf. Quint. List. Orat., IX., Chap. III., 55) 
 quite impossible. An approximation to the original maybe made thus:
 
 208 NOTES. 
 
 / did not say these things and fail to propose them ; I did not propose them 
 and fail to go on an embassy, etc. Lord B. suggests these renderings : 
 
 (1) by a double negation, thus : I did not say these things and not propose ; 
 
 (2) by the use of without in the second clause ; (3) not only did I say these 
 things, but I propounded a decree, etc. 8i|fjX0ov, / carried the affair 
 through (Sid). fyipt : the orator improves the pause, while the clerk is 
 preparing to read the document, by making personal remarks more or 
 less closely connected w. the point under consideration. So in 212, 
 219. 
 
 180. 8w, represent, make out to be. \Vhatuseoi subjunct.? Cf.GMT.287; 
 H. 86(5. 3 ; G. 1358 ; Cu. 511. BaTroXov : the origin and meaning of this 
 nickname are in doubt. Dem. claims that it was a pet name given him by 
 his nurse ; but Jisch. c. Timarch., 126, ridicules this claim, and says in 
 de F. L., 99 : tv iratel intv yap Siv K\ri6ri di aiaxpovpyiav riva nai KivaiSiav 
 BdroXos. The Schol. renders it by profligate, effeminate, and derives it 
 variously : (1) from the name of a flute-player or poet, notorious for his 
 effeminacy ; (2) from the sickly and weak condition of Dem. body ; (3) as 
 a term of contempt borrowed from an instrument used by flute-players for 
 beating time, and called viroiroSiov or /MraXos. Recent scholars connect it 
 w. /Sdrros, parrapLfa, and make it mean stammerer, stutterer, in allusion to 
 the orator's supposed defect in utterance.- Kpo-<j>ovrr]v...KptovTa...Oi- 
 vojiaov : these were parts that fell to the Tpira-yuvi.<TT-r)s. Cf. 129. The 
 first-named character was the third role in a play of Euripides of the same 
 name ; the second is the well-known tyrant in the Antigone of Sophocles ; 
 the third was a subordinate character in a play of Sophocles bearing this 
 name. tv KoXXvr<, whom once in Collytus you wretchedly murdered. 
 Collytus was one of the country denies in wh. the rural Dionysia wre 
 celebrated. In the anonymous biography of ^Esch., the story is told that 
 jEsch., in the r61e of (Enomaus, on a certain occasion tripped and fell on 
 the stage while pursuing Pelops. tort : very emphatic. 6 Ileuavwvs fyw : 
 in the skilful arrangement of the words each contrasted term occupies 
 relatively a reversed position, except that <rov comes last for the sake of 
 emphasis. 
 
 188. AvTT)...irpwTTi, This was the beginning and first step towards a 
 settlement of our difficulties with Thebes. Karaffratris constitutio rerum 
 antea turbatarum. Diss. TO, irpb TOVTWV, as regards previous affairs. 
 vrrb TOVTCOV, i. e. ^Esch. and his coadjutors. oxnrep vt<j>os : Larned sums 
 up the merits of this sentence thus : (1} The figure is unexpected; the sen- 
 tence would be complete if it closed w. tiroirjffev. (2) It is perfectly natu- 
 ral ; it expresses the thought more truthfully than any literal language. 
 
 (3) The whole sentence is worded as simply and concisely as possible.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 209 
 
 (4) The ancient critics noticed a perfect rhythm in the sentence ; to the ear 
 of Longinus the effect would have been much marred, he informs us, by 
 the substitution of ws or uwnrepei for &<rvep. vvv ^irtTijidv : as opposed to 
 rare 5ej|cu. Why the change in the tense of the iufiu.? 
 
 189. o yap crvp.|3ovXos, K. T. ., for live statesman and the demagogue. 
 In his speech against Midias, 189, the orator states the distinction between 
 the ffvfjfiovXos and the p-ffrwp. The ffVKoQdrrijs (cf. note 112) is further 
 characterized in 242. TOIS ireicrteioa, to his follov:ers, i. e. those who 
 have accepted his policy and accordingly hold him responsible. T<|> Kcupto, 
 opportunity, i. e. the seasonable time or opportune moment for any action. 
 T}> povXop^vj> refers to any one who may choose to call a political leader 
 to an account for the results of his policy. m.Yio'as . .?8. : in this general 
 definition we should expect trtyuv...Set ; the past tense is used specially w. 
 an eye to ^Esch. 
 
 190. 8irep ttirov, sc. in 188 : fy /j^v...firiTtfj.av. ttceivos, in the predi- 
 cate and in sharp contrast w. vvv below ; that was tJie occasion, therefore. 
 t-y-V -n-oiov^ai, but I go so far as to say. uio-rt.. ofioXo-y", that I confess 
 myself yuilty. What would be the difference in the thought if the ora- 
 tor had said fare o/juiXoyfiv ? Cf. G M T. 582-584 ; H. 927, 953 ; G. 1449- 
 1451 ; Cu. 5t>5, Ubs. 1. e^paKcv now knows of; the perfect often repre- 
 sents the state or condition resulting fr. the action of the verb. 
 what use of the partic. ? Give the Greek clause to correspond to 
 &,v. Cf. a similar constr., 30. cl 8i ^-f\r f<m, K. T. 4.: cf. 141 and 
 note. teal -HjjMpov, yea, even to-day. TWV <j>aivofwvwv ical Ivovrwv : ex- 
 pressed above by 5eiai ri...Ti...tvrp>. 
 
 191. al-ndo-Oai, K. T. 4., this sarcastic inquiry is explained by j3a.ffKa.ivfi, 
 189. T(S lyyvdo-Oai, K. T. e., who is willing to guarantee the future? 
 TJr, sc. 3eias. aXXa, yet, introducing the apodosis. cviropctv, with 
 which I ought to have furnished myself. The comm. reading is evpeiv. TTJ 
 iroXci : join w. ffvufapuv. Some call it dat. incommod. w. the verb. 
 irpdfjis, enterprise, "practical measure" "plan." jiaXXov, i. e. than those 
 to wh. he did lead them. 
 
 192. TOIV, tlie office. In the present and in the future the statesman 
 is required to be at his post discharging his duty. T<$T : when the nego- 
 tiations w. Thebes were in progress. irpoatpco-iv, the aim ; that wh. one 
 sets before himself as his chosen object. ^...trvKO^avrei, do not rail at 
 Hie. results. ws &v...ffouXi]0ir] : whatever it may l>e, as the use of &v w. 
 subjunctive indicates. avrf), .s ricn-fd by itself. Stdvoiav, the inten- 
 tion ; subjective, while wpoaipfffis is objective. 
 
 193. T(J fid\T], i. e. ( 'ha'ronea. Dat. of respect ; the more usual read- 
 ing is ri]i> HO,\TIV. OVK tjiot : it is not essential that iv be repeated, as \y 
 14
 
 2IO NOTES. 
 
 done in the reading of many Editt. 80-0. ..Xoyurfiov, <w many things as 
 are possible in human calculation. KCU SIKCUWS, K. r. c. : the force of the 
 preceding negative is retained here. 4iXoirovus virip Svvafuv, laboriously 
 beyond my power. We speak of superhuman effort. -r6r fj8rj : turn de- 
 mum ; but not before. 
 
 194. <TKt]irr{)s, but if the tornado that ensued. Dem. compared what 
 happens to a torrent (xeif-appovs) in 153, and in 214 to a deluge (Kara- 
 K\v/r/j.6i>). |Mtci>v -yfyovc, has proved too strong for. ri \p^| irowiv : the 
 iiusxver to the inquiry is omitted as being self-evident. Schacf. states it 
 thus : to keep still and not to accuse; perhaps it is better put in the form of 
 a question : to find fault ? Then follows the ellipsis : that would be unrea- 
 sonable ; just as it would be, if, etc., &<rirep 8u> (efy). Of. 243. tl...vav- 
 K\T)pov : originally the captain was at the same time the owner of the ship ; 
 hence vai>K\T)po$ may mean either. But O&T ^Kv^pvuf points to the owner 
 who might be held liable for the loss of the cargo, in case the ship was 
 not well equipped. owj>' wv : most MSS. have iraffi before Ka.TaaKev6.aa.vTa., 
 as the antecedent of &v. xpT)<rd(vov, encountering; in agreement w. 
 irXoiov. Those who take vai>K\r)pov as referring to the captain place this 
 j:artic. in agreement w. it. irovr]<rdvTwv, and its tackling laboring. Pro- 
 fessor Tyler calls attention to the nautical sense of the words in this pas- 
 sage ; thus : awr-qpio. = for a safe voyage ; KaTaffKevdffama having fitted 
 out; wovriffdvTuv and ffKtvSa> as above rendered. iitnrtp . . .iy<!> : thrown in 
 by way of parenthesis, to indicate the application to himself. The appo- 
 siteness of this comparison may be remarked in every particular. 
 
 195. eip-apro sums up what he has Ijeen saying about TI'^T;, 6 daipuv, 
 and 6 0e6s. p-T|8e, not even. " A different policy would have left us with- 
 out even that advantage." HOLMES. fcctvos, i. e. Philip. He used every 
 effort of persuasion. rpiwv f^epwv, a journey (oSov accus. of extent) of 
 three days. The distance fr. Athens to Chseronea is 62 Engl. miles. In 
 230 Dem. says : eirTaKfoia ffTdSia airb Trjs TroXews. Athens was about 
 200 stadia distant fr. the Boeotian frontier. From 150 to 200 stadia was 
 reckoned as an ordinary day's march. T &v... \pfjv, what COULD we hare 
 looked for? implying that the fear and panic were already so great that the 
 case could hardly be worse. T'I xpy v irpoaSoKav above = what should we 
 have looked for, assuming for the moment that things had been different. 
 TTOV TTJS X"pas : somewhere in our territory. vvv, i. e. under existing 
 circumstances, as it actually was ; opposed to rare below, wh. means in the 
 other case, i. e. supposing my advice had not been followed. <rrfjvai, 
 K. T. 4., to stand firm, to concentrate, to draw breath. The asyndeton gives 
 us the notion of the rapidity of the thought and action at the crisis. |ia 
 this brief respite after the battle of Chajronea, the orator means to
 
 NOTES. 211 
 
 say, was of the utmost importance, and would not have occurred but for 
 the Theban alliance. r6rc 8' : another instance of aposiopesis. Here it 
 indicates horror ; but in 3, anxiety ; and in 22, anger. Cf. note 3. 
 a . . . irtipav ISwicc, sc. ai/ruH> ; lit. which did not give a trial of themselves, i. e. 
 enter into our experience. Cf. 107 ; Dem. c. Timocr., 24 : cai iretpaf 
 airrwc iroXXd/as StSuKafftv. TW irpopdXXeo-0ai, and through the city's throw- 
 ing before itself (as a shield). The reading eSvoia...r6 is found in 2 and is 
 adopted by Bekk. 
 
 196. |ioi, dat. int. ; all this long story of mine is directed to you. 8ixa- 
 oral : before this Dem. has used &vdpts 'Atfipxuot, but here he wishes to draw 
 the distinction more closely between the jurors and the spectators. ?u>0v> 
 outside t/te bar; the court was enclosed by a wooden railing (5pv<t>a.KTOv). 
 yEsch., 56, states that lie does not remember ever before seeing so large a 
 multitude present at a public trial. Cic. (dc opt. gen. oral., VII. 22) says : 
 ad quod judicium concursus dicitur e tota Grajcia factus esse. lfjpKfi, 
 would suffice; ta> omitted, as often w. the impf. in such expressions as 
 dvdyicn, xaXfiroi', tiicbs T,V, Met, \pfiv, K. T. e. Cf. GMT. 415, 416 ; H. 897; 
 G. 1400. Cf. OaviMffTuv fy, 248. rois dXXois : dat. assoc. or likeness w. 
 TTJJ ai/TTjs. ravro, i. e. of this ignorance and its results. This is ona of 
 the most complete dilemmas in the oration ; but is there no escape fr. it 1 
 
 197. (ov -yap SLV . . .tyjpuvro,) for (if you had) they would not have 
 adopted these (i. e. my measures). Thus indirectly the orator compliments 
 the sagacity of his countrymen, as well as his own. &v, sc. wot^reie, wh. 
 is readily understood fr. the connection, but inserted by inferior MSS. 
 Cf. ws Su> (sc. #x ot ) 291- TU ir<5\ei : dat. dependent on Sixr/ieWo-raroy. 
 
 cirl TOIS <rv|ipd<nv, on the occurrence of the events, tiri expresses the 
 occasion or opportunity upon wh. one bases his conduct. Cf. 240, 284. 
 
 teal tffia: it is this remarkable coincidence that is referred to by 8vtp... 
 TOVTO TreTrotTjKws above. ' Ap<rrpo,TOS : a different person fr. the tyrant of 
 Sicyon named in 48. We know nothing further of these partisans of 
 Philip than what is here stated. KaOdLiro|, thorough-going, out-and-out. 
 
 198. 'EXXVjvwv...dir^KiTo : this sentence is hexametric in its rhythm. 
 So 143: rbv yap <? v . . . 'EXdrtuiv ; and TOVTO Tb ^T^wjua, K. T. e., 188, 
 ace. to Longinus, is dactylic. The ancient critics were fond of point- 
 ing out such instances ; but such rhythmical structure is, we believr, 
 more general and accidental than special and intentional. IvcvSoKifuiv 
 air^KiTo, and surely the man for whom the misfortune* of the Greeks are 
 laid up as a store on which to found his personal renown. IvevooKifuiv = 
 fvSoKi^fiv tv avrots. teat as ; often so used in the second clause of a 
 comparison ; cf. H. 1042 a; Cu. 624. 3 ; C. 705 c. StjXots, you make 
 this manifest; sc. OVK In, K. T. e. K<xl irpXiTtvg ical, K. T. i., and from
 
 212 NOTES. 
 
 your political action and ayain from your political inaction. Kenn. 
 irpa,TTTai, K. T. e. : this form of sentence is technically called avriffrpo^ 
 by the ancient rhetoricians. Other examples in this oration are found 
 in 117, 274. As an illustration from Roman oratory Diss. quotes Cic. 
 Phil., II. 22: Doletis tres exercitus populi Roman! interfectos ; inter- 
 fecit Antonius. Desideratis clarissimos cives ; eos quoque nobis eripuit 
 Autonius. Auctoritas hujus ordinis afflicta est ; afflixit Antonius. avrt- 
 Kpov<r^ : cf. note 161. pT|-yfxaTa : in medical terminology pi^/mra 
 is used of bruises of the fleshy parts and ruptures of blood-vessels, and 
 ffird<T[j.aTa of the sprains of muscles. Kiveirai, are disturbed ; i. e. the old 
 injury or weakness makes itself felt again whenever the body becomes 
 diseased. The same simile is used by the orator in Olynth., II., 21 : 
 &<Tirfp yap fv TOIS ffWfjMffiv...irdv dt appuffTr)/j.d TL (rvfj-^rj, TTOLVTO. Kiveirat, nan 
 pfjyfta K&V ffTplp.ua. K&V dXXo ri rSiv vwapx&vTwv aaOpbv 17. 
 
 199. iroXvs.-.?Y KlTal h e ^ (1 V S ff rea ^ stress upon. The predicate adj. 
 TroXi'/s used st. an adv. ; cf. iro\\y peovri, 136. Cf. H. 619 ; G. 926 ; Cu. 
 361. 8. ci...?jv : he assumes, for the moment, that it is so. TOVTWV 
 fjv, ought the city to have abandoned tliese things ; referring to the measures 
 wh. he at that time advised the city to adopt. 
 
 200. vvv...TOTt : cf. note 195. SOKCI, sc. i) 7r6Xts. irpocoravai : 
 alludes to the famous TjyefJ.ovia of the Athenian state. dirocrrdcra : cf. 
 irpa.-x.Qfv, 190 ; irapbvTuv T^W, 30 and note. iravras, sc. rcis dXXas 
 TroXets. oi8va. ..ovx {iirep-tivav, for whose sake there is no danger which 
 our ancestors did not -undergo. For the use of the iiegat. cf. H. 1031 ; 
 G. 1618 ; Cu. 619, Obs. <rov : we naturally expect rrjs w6Xews here, 
 but the orator suddenly turns the thought upon jEsch., as if he alone 
 were capable of such meanness. rfjs ird\ws...(iov : in the same constr. 
 as ffov ; we supply efn-u; after p.}] : for let me not say " tJie city" (ye makes 
 TroXews emphatic), nor yet "me." 
 
 201. cl ra (iJv irpa-yp.a,T'...TjpTi|i4vTis : this entire sentence forms the 
 protasis to Tiffi...d<piKi>ov/j.frovs, and consists itself of two contrasted parts, 
 sc. : et rd fi^v irp. . . . airavruv, and r6i> 8' . . .TTfiroiri/j.froi ; but as the first part 
 is subdivided into two parts, sc. : el ra fj.ei>...Tr epi^ffrrj, rjyffj.ui'ot, we observe 
 that /zee corresponding to Se" in rbv S'...irfiroiij/jLvoi is omitted, the full ex- 
 pression being ei ^v ra fj.ev to correspond to ijye/j.&v 5e...T6v 5'. With such 
 contrast of principal and subordinate parts //.eV is expressed both times in 
 104, 214. rd irpa.^\ia.-r . . .irfpi{<rn\, if affairs had turned out as they 
 now have. 
 
 202. ITI TOVTWV irpiTpov : the Spartan supremacy was lost w. the 
 battle of Leuctra, 371 B. c., when the Theban began. Tov...f3a<riX.l<i>s : 
 that Xerxes actually requested Mardonius to make the Athenians such an
 
 NOTES. 2 1 3 
 
 offer is stated by Herod., VIII. 140, and alluded to by Dem. Phil., II., 
 11. TOVT', i. e. & rt...irpofffTd.vai. 8 Ti...Xapov<rj)...4xovi<rT) ..iroiv ... 
 tdv : a metathesis of construction for \a.fleiv...txei...iroi.ovffr)...e(l}ari. Thus 
 Dem. ironically represents the act of obeying in a state of subjection, and 
 of giving up the supremacy as a privilege. Xa/SoiVfl of single acquisition, 
 (Xv ff y f permanent possession. 
 
 . 203. s ?OIK : ironical ; so also in 212. irdrpia : " irdrpios = that 
 wh. is peculiar to ancestors ; as tOt}, VQ/J.OI." Kriig. W. paraphrases these 
 adjectives thus : " This they had not inherited fr. their fathers, nor was it 
 consistent w. their ideas of honor (d^e/mb = to be tolerated by their moral 
 sense), nor was it congenial to their nature." K .xpovov : c f. no t e 26. 
 
 irpo<r9t\Ltvi\v, by attaching hcrseff to : the partic. denotes means. d'yw- 
 vij;o|UvT|, while struggling : the partic. denotes time. Kiv8vvvov<ra : sup- 
 plementary partic. : cf. G M T. 879 ; H. 981 ; G. 1580 ; Cu. 590. 
 
 204. ^6(0-1 v : "character, as the result of manner and habits. ^0oj = 
 a prolonged and strengthened 0os. Cf. Aristot. Eth., II. 1." TYLER. 
 diro4>T)vd|itvov, who declared himself in favor of. Kvpo-CXov : the connec- 
 tion shows that Dem. has the time just prior to the battle of Salamis in 
 mind. Cic. de Ojftc., III. 11, speaks thus: "Cyrsilum quendam suaden- 
 teni, ut in urbe manerent Xerxeui(j[ue reciperent, lapidibus obruerunt." 
 Herod., IX. 5, gives the same account, but of a man named Lycidas, and 
 places the event just before the battle ofPlatea. That there were two vic- 
 tims to the popular excitement of those stirring times, both meeting with a 
 similar death, is not impossible. 
 
 j 205. prjropa = here <rv^ov\ov, statesman. 8ov\v<rou<riv, they might 
 enjoy slavery ; spoken w. a peculiar bitterness and irony of tone. The com- 
 mon reading inserts evrvx&s after it. The use of the fut. indie, after an 
 historical tense adds to the vividness of the expression ; so also in ii-forai. 
 Wh. remarks that by the use of the indie, here Dem. identifies the Athe- 
 nians of the two different ages, and represents the liberty and independence 
 of one epoch as the unbroken continuity of the freedom asserted in another. 
 
 TTJS elp.ap|iVT|s, K. r. ., his destined end in the course of nature. Lord B. 
 Death is represented (1) as fixed by destiny (rrjs fioipa.s\ in distinction fr. 
 death brought upon one by his voluntary act ; (2) as that wh. comes in the 
 course of nature (as by disease), in distinction fr. death caused by ex- 
 ternal violence (as in battle). o & ical, sc. vofufav yfyfvrjffOai. The u 
 
 also, i. e. as well as to his parents. firiSctv = to live to see (any evil), 
 f'f. yEsch. Agam., 1246. 40cX^j<ra, will volunteer. The fut. (st. the pres., 
 as in irepi/j^vfi) denotes that he will do this whenever the demand comes. 
 In illustration of this change of tense cf. Soph. Antig., 349, 350. TOV 
 Oavdrov : by its emphatic position than death itself. Wh.
 
 214 NOTES. 
 
 206. l |Xv...vvv 8' ry (XV...OVTOS Si: observe the double contrast 
 between (1) what he was not doing and what he was doing ; (2) between 
 what he was doing and ^Esch. was doing. cl ir\ipo\)v . . . &v eiriTi- 
 tiTJcrcit : a mixed coudit. sentence : if I were undertaking (as I am not), 
 every one icould censure me with good reason (were he to do what is reason- 
 able). Cf. GMT. 504. vijitT^pas, are yours ; predicative, and placed first 
 for the sake of emphasis. Here Dem. purposely underestimates his own 
 services in order to place the conduct of ^Esch. in a more conspicuous light. 
 TTJS (X^VTOI SIO.KOVUXS, but in the -management of each of the affairs trans- 
 acted I affirm that I also luive a share. 5ia.Koi>ias is contrasted by means of 
 fjLfvroL w. Trpoaiptfffis and (ppovrjfjia ; to correspond to /teVrot ( = 5^) there 
 should be fi4v wh. is suppressed, as in 201. W. 
 
 207. TWV 8Xwv, the whole, i. e. both the aims (irpocupfoeis) and the ad- 
 ministration (diaKovia). This is a skilful turn of the, orator : my part, he 
 says, was merely to execute what you willed ; your part was to cherish the 
 noble purposes and adopt the most patriotic measures. Now vEschines 
 attacks the whole, and in doing so commits a wrong against you greater 
 than against me, inasmuch as your part was more prominent than mine, 
 and the venown belonging to you is eternal, while the honor proposed for me 
 is temporary. y^X Teu is a strong word ; ace. to its etymology it denotes 
 a tenacious and eager striving. ryKcopux : Arist. RJict., I. 9, defines 67/06- 
 /j.i.ov as a special laudation bestowed for particular and brilliant action, while 
 ^Tratvos signifies praise in general. rouSl, i. e. Ctesiphon. rg...d i yvw(io- 
 <rvvfl, by tJic jxrvcrscncss of fortune. 
 
 208. jwt TOIIS Mapa0<avi, no ! by those of our ancestors who bore the 
 brunt of the danger at Marathon. The common reading has 01) pa, but the 
 negat. is readily understood w. pd. In the partic. the wpo- implies the 
 fore-front of the battle. So Thuc., I. 73, represents the Athenians as say- 
 ing : Ma.pa.8uvi re (JLJVOI irpoKivdwevtrai T$ fiappdpif). MapaOwvi : the com- 
 mon text has tv M. ; but the prep, is regularly omitted w. the names of Attic 
 demes. Cf. H. 783 b ; G. 1197; Cu. 442. lir 'ApTfu<rfo>, off Arte- 
 misium. It will be observed that the orator departs fr. the chronological 
 order and names the land and the naval engagements in succession. Iv 
 Tois...jJiVT|ftao-i : these were in the outer Ceramicus, along the road leading 
 to the Academy. Cf. Pausan., I. 29 ; Time., II. 34. But the heroes of 
 Marathon lay buried on the field of battle. The custom of honoring those 
 who had fallen in battle w. a burial at the expense of the state, goes back 
 to the time of Solon. Cf. 285. 6|xo(a>s : emphatic. This lofty strain 
 of eloquence, known as "the Demosthenic oath," has been deservedly ad- 
 mired by all critics. Cf. Hermogenes, p. 425 ; Quint. Inst. Oral., XI. 3, 
 188 ; Lord Brougham, Vol. VII. 124. The chief points to be noted are
 
 NOTES. 
 
 215 
 
 these : (1) This oath was an act of religious appeal, for wh. there was a suf- 
 ficient ground iu the belief and feelings of the audience ; it was not, there- 
 fore, an empty rhetorical flourish. (2) As a solemn appeal it served to 
 rebuke yEsch., who had brought Dem. into disparaging contrast (see the 
 passages cited fr. jEsch.) w. the ancient heroes of Greece. (3) The simplicity 
 of the orator's style is apparent even in his most impassioned flights. Lord 
 B. thus expresses himself on the word dyaOovs : " Mark the severe simplicity, 
 the subdued tone of diction, in the most touching parts of the old man elo- 
 qncnt's loftiest passages. In the oath, when he comes to the burial-place 
 where they repose by whom he is swearing, if ever a grand epithet were 
 allowable it is here ; yet the only one he applies is dyaffofa." (4) The ora- 
 tor, while apparently carried away by his enthusiasm and passion, does 
 not for a moment lose sight of his argument, but carefully subordinates 
 everything to the main thought. "He teaches us," says Longinus, "that 
 in the height of passion we should retain our judgment. He nowhere says 
 ' by those who were victorious,' but everywhere shuns the word wh. would 
 indicate the issue of the battles, lest the defeat of Chaeronea should be sug- 
 gested to his opponents or his hearers ; till at length he has prepared the 
 way w. the hearers for the conclusion : all of whom. ALIKE the state buried, 
 and not those alone who were successful." 
 
 209. yp a H L | laTOK x'4>a>v : dvrl rov ypa/M/jiaTtws, 8ri ol ypan/MTets irpoKtKV- 
 (pfrfs ypd<t>ov<riv. Etym. Magnum. Cf. ?61. The two epithets may b 
 rendered by accursed scribbler. IXrycs : cf. ^Esch. 181, cited on p. 92. 
 wv TIVOS, i. e. they were irrelevant to the present case. i\i.k &, K. T. ., and 
 I, who came forward as councillor to the city in matters pertaining to her 
 supremacy, whose spirit ought I to have assumed in ascending the Bema? 
 TpiT<vYvi<rrd : cf. note 129. Observe the contrast implied in the juxta- 
 position of this epithet w. rwv irpurreluv ; also the emphatic position of t/j. 
 TOVTWV : masc., referring to the Athenians. Tyler follows Holmes in 
 referring it to rpoiraia, K. T. e. 
 
 210. TO. . .<rv|ip<$Xeua : obj. of xpiveiv ; lit. contracts, agreements, but here 
 used of civil suits in a general sense. Cf. L. and Sc. irl...<rKoirovvra$, 
 by considering tlicm in the lig/U of. For this sense of tirl w. fficoirfiv cf. 
 233, 294. diropXtirovTas, by looking away to the praiseworthy prece- 
 dents. irapaXa|j.pdvciv, to take along (wapd) ; depends on voniea> and has 
 rb <pp6vt)fjM for its obj. rig paxTrjpCq, Kal ri a-v|i(36Xu) : each dicast received 
 a staff, on wh. was painted the letter of the alphabet corresponding to the 
 section of the Heliastic court in wh. he was to serve for that day, and a 
 ticket upon wh. the name of the holder and the number of his division were 
 written. At the close of the sitting the <rvnfio\ov was given up as a voucher 
 for the dicast's fee of 3 obols. rot St]|id<ria, the court-room. btttvv, L e. 
 TO. ray irpoyovwv dtu>Mara.
 
 2I 6 NOTES. 
 
 211. 'AXXa -yap, But enough, for ; denotes a transition. t|iirt<ru>v : 
 as if casually. J-OTIV d = Aua. oirdOtv, sc. e/cet(re biruBtv ; the digression 
 begins w. 180. ow)>iKO(i.t0', ice had arrived; i. e. we ambassadors. 
 rvtv oXXwv, sc. the ^Etolians, Dolopians, Phthiotans. irp&r|3cis : Amyn- 
 tas and Clearchus are named as the Macedonian envoys. viiv : to prove 
 tliat I am not telling a different story now fr. what was told at the time of 
 the embassy. 
 
 212. o-vKo4>avTi'as, calumny. rbv Kaipo'v : cf. ^Esch., 137 (cited be- 
 low) and 141 (cited on p. G4). s er^pws : cf. 85. ws foiicev : cf. 203. 
 6 o-v|i|3ox>Xos Kal pT)Twp : Diss. observes that the repetition of the article 
 would be objectionable, as the ideas of ffv/j./3ov\os and prfrup flow into each 
 other. The article is repeated in rj irpoaipeo-is /cat i) TroXtreta ( 93), rbv TTJI 
 etjU.ap^vTjs /cat TOV O.VTJ/MI.TOV ( 205), rbv irdXiTfub^fvov Kal rbv p-ffropa. ( 278), 
 where either the emphasis or a logical distinction seems to demand it. 
 ovSiv . . . (ruva^Tios : contrasted w. /J.UVQS O.ITIOS. In those things wh. might 
 naturally be supposed to have been done in part by me, as being a states- 
 man, he allows me no share ; but for those misfortunes wh. are in no way 
 related to my calling and work, I am alone responsible. What consist- 
 ency ! 
 
 213. eiroi^cravro, i. e. the Thebans.- ttctivovs : the envoys fr. Philip and 
 those fr. the other allies of Thebes, who had the precedence. rb. . Kf>aXcuov 
 = in summa. <5v = TOVTUV &. avrovs, i. e. the Thebans. PO V\OVTCU : 
 the direct for the indirect mode, to give vividness. $ Sie'vras avrovs 
 either by allowing themselves (i. e. the same as eiceivovs and subj. of rjiow) 
 a free passage through their territory (Bceotia). ra K rtjs 'A. poo-KVjfMvra : 
 cf. 44 and note. K 84 u>v...iroXtpov, while as the result of what they 
 affirmed we were about to advise, their property in Bceotia would be plundered 
 by means of the war. An argument, as W. remarks, that would have great 
 force w. the selfish Thebans. trwrttvovr, all aiming at tlie same result. 
 
 214. r)|iEis : the ellipsis of f\tyo/j.ev immediately after ?\eyov is not 
 harsh. Some MSS. have avreiiro/Mv. TO, n.v...fyo> f*iv : cf. note 201. 
 avrl...nnTi(ra|iT)v, to repeat these things severally I would count worth all 
 my life. xifids 8i SeSoiKa : prolepsis for 5^5ot/ca ja?j vfieis. wo-rrep av tl... 
 T|-Yv|wv 01 is elliptical; the full expression would be fryoiVevot uffwep Sa> 
 iiyol<T0e ei r^oto-fle. Cf. Madv. G. S., 139 c ; GMT. 227 ; H. 905 a, 3 ; 
 G. 1313. Transl. : thinking that even a deluge, as it were, had swept over 
 ike events ; i. e. all trace of them had become obliterated. 
 
 215. (wra ravro : this narrative is entirely contradictory to the state- 
 ment of jEsch., 137, 140, 141. Diss. thinks that such a bare misrepre- 
 sentation as this of jEsch. (assuming that the account of Dem. is true) 
 could not have been made unchallenged before the court ; and he regards
 
 NOTES. 217 
 
 the passage as a later insertion in the revised edition of jEsch. 
 poTi0iTc : Breini calls attention to the asyndeton as descriptive of rapid 
 action. WOT' l TWV oirXirwv, that, when our infantry and cavalry were 
 encamped outside the walls. Reiske understands that the Theban infantry 
 and cavalry vacated their own city for the occupation of the Athenian anny 
 and encamped outside. This would be a "compliment" unheard of! 
 Besides, as Diss. observes, the distinctive pronouns your and their could 
 not be wanting. Bceckh Earn., p. 387, speaks of the difficulty, owing to 
 the laxity of discipline among the ancient soldiery, of obtaining permission 
 to introduce an army into an allied city for quarters. The meaning seems 
 plainly this : the Athenian forces after pitching their camps outside wen- 
 invited to take up quartei-s in the houses of the Thebans ; accordingly, rrjv 
 ffrpanav embraces as a general term rCsv oTrXtrwi' and ru> iirirtuv. KaO' 
 vpwv virtp V/JLUV. So Phil., II., 9 : fj-fyiffrov KO.&' vpiav (yKuftiov. Con- 
 trariwise in Horn. //., VI. 524, virtp Kard : "O0' inrtp aititv ala-xi O.KOVU. 
 <r<i>4>po<rvvT]s, self-command, Wh. ; good behavior, Kenn. ; Enthaltsam- 
 kcit, Jacobs. dfieivovs : explanatory of dvopias ; diKat6rep' d^iovv explana- 
 toiy of 5iKaioffvi>ijs. Kal Ta...Kal...8', K. T. ., a/id wliat is kept under the 
 closest guard not only by themselves but also by all men. 
 
 216. Kara / vfias = quod ad vcs quidcm attinct. V. otfrt ...re. 
 negat. find affirm, correlated ; so often. TOS irpwTas : all the M8S. except 
 2 add /xdxas. W. is the only editor we know of, besides Z, that follows 2. 
 Another instance of such a verbal ellipsis is found in Lysias pro Muntith., 
 15 : TT}S TpwTT/s [sc. fJ-dx^] TtTayntvos /adxetr^ai rots TroXejuois. But in our 
 sentence we would more naturally supply jrapard^ecj = manoeuvres, skir- 
 mishes, fr. the preceding partic. W. thinks this admirably suited to the 
 connection, as the allusion is probably to the preliminary marches and 
 skirmishes by wh. the combined Thebans and Athenians sought to check 
 the advance of Philip. TOV irora|iov, i. e. the Cephissus, wh. flows through 
 the plain of Elatea and enters Bo?otia not far fr. Clueronea. nf|v x^H^P 1 - 
 vf\v : critics are divided as to the application of this epithet, some making 
 it mean the skirmish in t/ie icinter, others in the storm. But for the latter 
 meaning the word is properly x/^p**- If, w. Grote, we suppose an inter- 
 val of 10 months (fr. Oct. 339 to Aug. 338 B. c.) between the capture of 
 Elatea and the battle of Choevonea, there is no difficulty in placing these 
 encounters early in the spring of 338 B. c., and understanding xM</"' 1 7 1 ' ( 't 
 a wintry time among the mountain passes of Phot-is, where snow is some- 
 times found in the spring months. But if, w. Clinton Fast . Hellen., A pp.. 
 p. 16, we suppose that the battle of Chieronea occurred only 50 days after 
 the news arrived of Philip's entrance into Phocis, we have no recourse left 
 other than to say w. him, " the word xMep"?" is probably corrupt."
 
 2 1 8 NOTES. 
 
 217. ItfXov, emulation, enthiisiasm. ci fjiiv...cl clSi...cl: cf. eav 
 
 S'.-.dj', 178 and note. l wv.. (Aaprupas, if what lie himself called the gods 
 to witness as being most excellent ; sc. by participating in the sacrifices, etc. 
 (ffvvtOve). \J/T]4>urao-0cu, i. e. by condemning Ctes., wh. would necessarily 
 imply a condemnation of the orator's policy. TOVS 6>vs : the gods by 
 whom the judges were sworn were the same as those to whom ^Esch. had 
 sacrificed. el Si jx^ iropijv presents the other horn of the dilemma. 
 Lord B. comments upon the exquisite diction, the majestic rhythm, the 
 skilful collocation of this passage. The dilemma, he remarks, is better 
 than the average dilemmas of oratory, and quite sufficient, though incom- 
 plete, for the momentary victory at wh. alone the orator often aims. What 
 retort could JSsch. obviously have made ? 
 
 218. 0r)f3aioi...vo|i(av, but the Thebans were in the belief tJuit they had 
 been preserved through us. The careful student will have noticed before this 
 the fondness of Dem. for infinitive clauses w. the article. rots vojiijov- 
 criv, i. e. rj/jiiv. So reads 2 ; all other MSS. have SOKOWIV. V. supposes 
 voit.iovffai to be a corruption due to the proximity of vofjdfciv. OWTOI refers 
 to ^Esch. and his associates. frrepTrtv : the imperf. denotes the frequency 
 of this correspondence, the object of wh. was to incite his allies in the 
 Peloponn. war to render him more prompt assistance. Cf. 156. o-vvt- 
 \to, K. T. ., my persistence, and my wanderings (sc. his 7iy>e<r/3etat), and my 
 hardships. 8ic<rvpc : there is no passage in ^Esch. speech where this is 
 done. But cf. Aesch. c. Ctes., 100. rt is placed last for emphasis. 
 
 '/cl9. KaXXiorpaTos, that distinguished Callistratus. He was the most 
 i lumen t orator of his period, and is said to have incited Dem. when a boy 
 to the study of eloquence by his speech on Oropus. 'Apio-nxjxav : cf. 70. 
 K4>oXos : cf. 251. 0po.cHipovX.os : of Collytus ; not the famous de- 
 liverer of Athens from the rule of the Thirty Tyrants. 8id iravr6s = 
 aTrXws. Cf. 88, 179. vir^Xciire, was wont to reserve for himself pri- 
 rutely. VTTO expresses the underlying motive. tt TI y^voiT*, euphemistic 
 for in case of a calamity. dvcuf>opdv, a final resource, a means of recovery. 
 220. OVTO>S : very emphatic ; join w. /j.yav elvcu. iSdicei, sc. 6 Kivdv- 
 vss. x^P av *8t irpo'voiav, that -it seemed to me to allow no opportunity nor 
 even forethougM for personal safety. TTJS dff<f>a\eias belongs grarnm. to wpb- 
 voiav, but logically also to xw/aav wh. would be followed by the dat. dya- 
 irT]Tj)v tlveu, 0716 must be content. The orator means to say that in his opinion 
 duty to country should in such a crisis overshadow all personal considera- 
 tions, and'one should be thankful if he were able to discharge that duty. 
 
 221. virtp = wtpl : $L note 9. -ypd<J>ovr' &v : the particc. express 
 the condition (cf. 30, 190) ; &i> to be taken w. the infin. ypd^ai, irpafri, 
 nor even - *v ird<riv...?TOTTOv, in all public a/airs I
 
 NOTES. 
 
 constantly made myself the foremost. W. considers the phrase nearly 
 synonymous w. tSwica. ffjMvrov in 179, 197, 219. 
 
 222. Els TO.VTO, K. T. . : the rhetorical order of the Greek may be 
 imitated in Engl. : This is the condition into which, etc. ; (his is the utterance 
 which, etc. liraipopcvos Xo-yovs, fte who before this hurled many defiant 
 boasts against the city. Qwv'rjv ^ircUpeu/, 291, = to lift up the voice in loud 
 tones. AtwvSas : cf. 249. Ace. to the author of the Lives of the Ten 
 Orators, 848 c, Diondas prosecuted not only the authors of this decree, De- 
 momeles and Hyperides, but also Aristonicus ( 223). rfc p-t'pos : cf. note 
 103. airoirt^oryora, acquitted, rarely used of things. 
 
 223. 'Apwrrdviicos : cf. note 83, where the decree of Demom. and 
 Hyper, is taken as a single one, and that of Ctes. is regarded as third in 
 order. <rvyKa,TT|-yopTi<rv : the usages of Athenian law-courts permitted 
 the prosecutor to associate w. himself several assistants in making complaint 
 and in carrying on the suit. Cf. Meier and Schbm. Att. Proc., p. 710. 
 AT]|U>|J*XT] : a cousin of Dem. A. Schaef., 1 1. 528, conjectures that the crown- 
 ing proposed by Demom. occurred at the great Dionysia, April, 338 B. c., 
 and that proposed by Hyper, at the Panathenaic festival, August, 338 B. c. 
 I prefer the view of W., that Hyper, was only incidentally connected w. 
 the crowning proposed by Demom. |xoXXov...clKOTws, more properly than 
 this man, i. e. Ctes. ; simply because it is more fitting to punish the first 
 offence than the second after the first has been passed by unnoticed. 
 
 224. rJ>8 : refers to Ctes.; iKelvovs to the persons just mentioned; 
 TOVTW avrbv to vEsch.; oCros to Ctes. again. avtvryimv ir', to refer to 
 (as a precedent). The force of the prep, remains throughout the sentence. 
 irtpl TWV ovrw irpaxOoTwy, i. e. legally settled. A suit once decided 
 could not be renewed in an Athenian court of law. But the suit brought 
 by ^Esch. was not exactly identical w. that brought by Diondas against 
 Demom. and Hyper. ; so that the spirit of the law, rather than its letter, is 
 meant, and the argument of Dem. is a moral rather than a legal one. 
 TOTC, in that case ; i. e. supposing ^Esch. had brought suit in the first in- 
 stance. rb irpd-yf.a, * T. 4., the real question (i. e. whether Dem. was 
 deserving of a crown or not) would have been tried on Us own merits, before 
 it had obtained any of these precedent*. These points seem well taken. 
 
 225. otficu : ironical. IK iroXaiwv XP^ VWV I K> T> $ : ne means the 
 transactions connected w. the peace of Philocrates. ji^T...pi8ls, st. oi're 
 ...ovSfis, because there is a shade of uncertainty in the thought, wh. is im- 
 plied in ol/xat. irpo4>a<rcis : cf. note 156. SOKCIV TI Xtyav, to seem to 
 sjteak to the purpose, oi'&ev \tyfiv = to apeak to no purpose. 
 
 226. firl TT)S aXriectas : < f . note 17. |i<$vov OVK = all but.rovt 
 
 4>vyu>v : the same point is made JH 15. icpfrriv : subj.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 227. irepl TIJAWV, i. e. jEsch. and himself. Dem. makes the illustration 
 of his rival apply to them both. This idea is brought out more fully in the 
 sentence : of> yap a>> ^fTawdOeiv, K. r. e., 228. ircpicivou xpTifxard TW, 
 that money remains over in the Jiands of some one. The figure is taken fr. 
 trade or banking business. KaOaipwo-iv, lit. if the pebbles cancel or remove, 
 so. one's credit of money (rd xpri/J-ara) ; i. e. if accounts balance. This sense 
 of KaOaipciv seems somewhat forced ; aiptlv in the passage cited fr. jEsch. is 
 to be taken in much the same way, and avraveXeiv (lit. to take up on the 
 opposite side), % 231, has the same sense. Other Editt. except V. read KaOa- 
 pa.1 uffiv, wh. is explained as referring to clearing away the pebbles from tlic 
 board (cf. dfidxiov, Abacus, Diet. Antiq.) in opposite columns of debit and 
 credit, until the whole board is cleared and accounts balance. 
 
 228. <ro<j>ov, "sapient." Lord B. virdpxeiv -yvw<rp.^vovs : cf. 95. 
 ow -yap &v, K. T. ., for he would not be seeking to cJiange your mind, if 
 there were not such an opinion as this existing in regard to each of us. 
 Dem. proves himself skilful in retort. 
 
 229. Ti9els \|/T|<J)OVS, by casting up accounts. OVTOS Xo-yMrp.cs : o5ros is 
 predicate ; for the mode of reckoning public deeds is not this (i. e. the arith- 
 metical, but another). 
 
 230. irapa.Toa|j.vovs : in agreement w. airroi/s supplied fr. Qrjpaiovs 
 and subj. of Ku\veiv. tirraKoo-ia crrdSia : cf. note 195. TOVS Xfloras : 
 cf. note 145, 241. (fw'peiv Kal d-ytiv = to plunder. V tlpTJVfl : anti- 
 thetic position to rbv iroXepov. IK OaXarTTjs, from the sea reckoning land- 
 wards, hence mi the side nf the sea ; referring to the security of the coasts 
 fr. predatory invasions. Xa^ovro, after he should have taken Byzantium ; 
 to be taken in close connection w. Philip's conceived (not actual) occupation 
 of the Hellespont. 
 
 231. \|/T)4>ois, sc. T$ TUV \j/T)<t><av \oyia/j.j: the orator doubtless askt-d 
 this question in a sneering tone : Can the statement of deliverance fr. such 
 threatened calamities be likened to an arithmetical computation of debit and 
 credit ? ^...dvravtXtiv, K. T. ., or docs it seem to you proper to offset these, 
 oyainst each other? Cf. note 227. Does he mean (1) offset his own good 
 deeds or benefits against the misfortunes that are charged to his administra- 
 tion ; as Lord B. expresses it : " Must these events be taken out of the oppo- 
 site side of my account?" Or (2) offset these benefits just enumerated 
 against the common misfortunes of the country ; wh. is the interpretation 
 of Reiske, Wh., Kenn., et al. Or (3) should our deeds be made to cancel 
 each other ; are my services to the country to be set over against your mis- 
 deeds, so that they mutually cancel, and neither go down to later remem- 
 brance? The last interpretation seems most in accordance w.,the spirit of the 
 entire passage. In the preceding section Dem. implies that the calamities
 
 NOTES. 
 
 wh. were prevented by his policy would have been the legitimate result of 
 his rival's conduct. And we understand this inquiry to be directed, as the 
 one just before, to ^sch., and w. a touch of sarcasm. The thought, then, 
 of the passage is this : when ^Esch. asks the Athenians to change their 
 opinion respecting Dem. by taking into consideration the debit side of his 
 account, Dem. responds : "let our accounts stand as they are; they are 
 not to be cast up and balanced as trailing accounts, and then forgotten. "- 
 irpocrr0ri|ii, add to the account ; a mercantile term in harmony w. the pre- 
 ceding Xoyi.fffj.6s. 4v ols, in those cases in which. Ka0dira| : cf. 197. 
 crlpois means the Phocians and Locrians, also the Thebans after the battle 
 of Chseronea. rfjs 4>iXav0piras refers to Philip's generous and kind 
 treatment of the Athenians after the battle of Chaeronea. Demadcs 
 Fraijm. 1, says : typa^a Kal $iXlinr<{) TI/J.O.S OVK dpvov/Mii. dtffxiXiovs yap 
 avev Xvrpwv, Kal x^ la ToXtrwj' ffwyaara x u pi* xripvKos, Kal T&I> 
 vev irpefffSeias Xa/SuH' v/juv ravr 2ypa\{/a. Cf. also Polyb., V. 10. 
 Trepi.paXX6|i6VOS, with a view to accomplishing the rest of his purposes, irtpi- 
 = to compass or embrace in one's plans ; cf. Isocr. Panegyr., 184. 
 iroiovvTcs, happily ; indicating the subjective feeling of the 
 speaker, = / am happy to say. The difference between this and /coXuis 
 irpd.TTovTs is clearly shown in Dem. c. Leptin., 110 : fire 5" y/oim, naXw 
 iroiovvrf?, Kal Kara TOS KOIVO.S irpdeis Kal Kara rr)v 6/j.dvoiav Kal Kara r&XXa 
 iravra Afjieifov eKfivwv irpaTTere. 
 
 232. irapaScC-yjiara irXdrrcov, manufacturing illustrations ; such e. g. 
 as that of the ^17^01. p^fxara <r\r\\i.a.ra. : the former Cic., Oral. VIII., 
 understands of the criticism ^Esch. ( 72, 166) made upon several expres- 
 sions used by Dem. ; the latter word may refer to the mimicking of certain 
 gestures peculiar to Dem., wh. were, perchance, not altogether in precise 
 keeping (cf. ^Esch., 167) w. the artificial rules of the schools. irdw yap, 
 for altogether in consequence of this don't you see ? have come about tlw 
 affairs of the Greeks. A similar ironical use of ofy opps is found in 266. 
 irapT| vc-yKa, / extended my hand on this side, but not on that side. 
 
 233. ir' . .o-K($im : cf. note 210. d4>op(ia.s, resources ; particularly 
 financial, as distinct fr. military (Swdfjxis). liri<rrds : cf. 60. tiro IT] - 
 cra...SctKvvv : notice the diff. in the tenses : if I had made... he would 
 (now) point out. xP^I (ro l Jkai T 4* ^o-yw, I shall make the statement ; an em- 
 phatic paraphrase for X$?w. 
 
 234. TOVS d<r6V<rTa,TOvs : when the peace of 346 B. c. was concluded, 
 Athens had control over Peparethos, Proconnesos, Tenedos, Thasos, Scia- 
 thos, in addition to Lemnos, Imbros, Scyros, Samos, wh. belonged to her as 
 dependencies. Chios and Rhodes had torn themselves loose in the Social 
 War, 357 -355 B.C.; about the same time also occurred the revolt of
 
 222 NOTES. 
 
 Corcvra. jrvvro^iv : a euphemistic word, whose origin Harpocr. explains : 
 t\tyoi> roi)s 06povs (rwrcifeis, eireid}] xaXe""ws %<f>epov ol "EXXyves TO TWV tpzpwv 
 6vofM. Bffickh Publ. Ecmi., p. 544, surmises that this contribution was 
 subsequently increased (cf. 237) to as much as 400 talents. Of. Dem. 
 Phil., IV., 37 tf. This contribution was made under the new Athenian 
 confederacy formed in 377 B. c. See Grote, X., cap. 77. irpO^i\eY|wva, 
 collected in advance, anticipated. Cf. Dem. Phil., I., 34. oirXiTrjv... 
 iinr^a : an instance of asyndeton. Cf. 67. TWV olictiwv, the citizen-sol- 
 diery ; the same as ruv -iro\:riKu>v, 237, in distinction fr. mercenary troops 
 wh. are meant by OTrXirrjv, linrfa and &voi ( 237). <J>oppwraTov, sc. ?,v. 
 DUTCH : ^Esch. and his associates. 
 
 235. irus, sc. virijpxtv ('x.ovra. upo\y wv ---P v ^ ' u< 'l J ' >evos --- < i > *VY wv --- 
 xnrtvOvvos : a most lifelike picture of the comparative weakness and strength 
 of a democratic and despotic form of government. Cf. Isocr. Nicocl., 19. 
 Larned compares Canning's description of Bonaparte's power : " He asks no 
 counsel, he renders no account, he wields at will the population and resources 
 of a mighty empire and its dependent states." 
 
 236. Kal -yap TOVT* : the force of nal = also falls upon TOUT, wh. refers 
 by anticipation to rivos Ktipios 9jv. irpwrov has no corresponding elra ex- 
 pressed ; the next point in the enumeration is o<ra....irfpiyii>oii>To. ow p,6- 
 vow pcTix<>v : his only privilege, as compared w. the advantages of Philip, 
 was that of haranguing the people, and this he had to share w. his oppo- 
 nents. irtpi-y^voivro, and whatever successes these gained over me; he means 
 in the discussions and resolutions of the Assembly. 8i'...4]v.. irpd^xxo-iv, 
 through whatever pretext each success might chance to arise. ZKOLVTOV TO 
 irepiyei>ff6ai. With rtixoi suppty yiyvofj.evov. Ta-u0 > ...f3cf3ov\-u|jvoi, these 
 you adopted in favor of the enemy, and then took your departure (sc. fr. the 
 Assembly). 
 
 237. IK, out of; i. e. as starting-points. Meyoplas is written Meya- 
 pety, 234. TWV iroXiTiKwv : cf. note 234. (ruvT^Xeiav, joint contribu- 
 tion. 8<rwv...irX<rTT]v : 6ffi)i> would be the usual constr. ; the genit. is 
 due to attraction. A decree found at the close of the Lives of the Ten Ora- 
 tors states that this contribution amounted to more than 500 talents. 
 
 238. TO.... 8 IK cu a, our just dues as regards tJie Thcbnnx. He alludes to 
 tlie complaints of ^Esch. contained in 143, wh. is cited on p. 85. TU. 
 irpbs BvjJavTfovs : cf. note 95. Ta irpbs Eipo^as : cf. ^Escli., 92, 93. 
 
 TWV I'awv : "TO. lao. hoc loco sunt sequse portiones sumptuum in bellum 
 faciendorum." Schaef.- Twv...Tpi^pwv : genit. of the whole depending on rds 
 S'.aKOffias. TpiaKOtrlwv : the whole number of ships at the battle of Sala- 
 niis is given by Time., I. 74, ace. to some MSS., as 300, ace. to other MSS., ' 
 as 400, of wh. Athens furnished two thirds. Herod., VIII. 48, says there
 
 NOTES. 
 
 223 
 
 were 378, and of these 180 were Athenian. &a.Trov<H)ai, to be defrauded. 
 Dem. turns into a meritorious act what ^Esch. had censured as an injustice 
 practised upon the city by Thebes, through the venality of Dem. 
 
 239. iccvds, K. T. I. : you confer upon these (i. e. the Athenians) empty 
 favors in calumniating me ; empty, because so entirely useless after all was 
 over. iropuv, i. e. iu the Assembly, as typaufrts shows. iv&txtro, -if, 
 indeed, they (ravra) admitted of it, sc. irpdrreiv ; i. e. if they were practi- 
 cable. iropo. = 5ia : on account of, under the existing circumstances 
 Schaef. But the sense seems quite as good if we take it as in trap avra 
 rdSiKri/MLTa, 13, = at the moment of ; implying that the crises were such 
 as to demand instantaneous action, when they had to accept what they 
 could get, without deliberating upon what they might wish to have. 8<ra 
 T)po\)X.d(j.0a : the indie, denotes what is definite ; Soli), the optat. , denotes 
 what is indefinite. KO.I. , . KCU, not only... but also. TOVS. . .direXauvop^vovs : 
 W. takes in a hypothetical sense, and as referring to the Thebans and 
 others who were negotiating for an alliance w. Athens, in case they should 
 be repulsed through the exorbitant demands of the Athenians. 
 
 240. vvv, as the case stands. Karrj-yopCas : the plural, since there 
 were many points embraced in the one formal accusation. &v adds em- 
 phasis to ri and modifies -n-oiew . . .X^yeic below, where it is repeated. Cf. 
 G M T. 223, 224 ; G. 1312. TOVTWV, i. e. TO. wpbs Q^alovs diicaia in 238. 
 
 o.Kpi.(3oXo-yovfivou : deriv. ? chaffering, Juiggling. 
 
 241. ov\, sc. 8u> ZXeyov. f3ou\4|icvoi refers to the people of the ?r6Xeis 
 above. ctro, furthermore ; it continues the question in the direct form in- 
 troduced by ovx ', the whole is summed up at the close in owe &i> TO.VT f\eyov. 
 
 TOV 'EXXrio-jrovTov, K. T. I. : the calamities \vh. in 230 he named as the 
 impending results of the policy of his rival, the orator here sums up in a 
 different order as likely to be laid to his charge by jEsch., had he not pre- 
 vented them. His enemies now find fault w. the means by wh. he averted 
 the calamities wh. they were preparing ; but these very calamities, had 
 they occurred, they would have laid at his door ; they were bound to blame 
 him anyhow. <riToirojAir{as : cf. note 87. TWV Xflorwv : cf. note 145. 
 
 KaL-.-yt, yea... and. 
 
 242. <|>vo-i xCvaSos : cf. note 162. Tav6poiri6v, manikin, apology 
 for a man ; the neuter and the diminutive combining to form the con- 
 temptuous term. avrorpaYiK^s ir0T]KOs : an allusion, probably, to his 
 extravagant imitations and mimicries on the stage. opovpaios Olvopaos : 
 cf. note 180. 8,v<5TT|s, power a# an orator, eloquence. irarpiSi : for 
 the omission of the art. cf. 170. vvv, now at last, to-day; this emphasis 
 belongs to it also in vvv X/7eis ; 243. 
 
 243. iknrtp &v ft : the ellipsis (cf. 194) is somewhat as follows: to do
 
 224 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 so is just as absurd as it would be (utrirep cu> et) if, etc. - owrOtvovflrij K. T. I., 
 visiting his patients in tJie course of their sickness. On the parallel passage 
 in ^Esch. given below, see Introduction, p. xv. TO. vo|n.6(iva, the custom- 
 ary rites were being performed over him. TO Kal TO, this and that, so and 
 so ; an instance of the original demonstrative use of the article uvOponros : 
 Hekk.'s emendation for Hvdpiairos of the MSS., on the ground that the art. 
 is needed w. the demonstr. pronoun. lra vvv, do you then now at last 
 ( when all is over) speak ? 
 
 244. Totwv marks the conclusion. Tfjv t,Trav : at Chseronea. irop' 
 Ijxol, in my power. 8iroi tirfywJ>6T]v : the indie, emphasizes the actual fact, 
 while vffjL^Odrp', 45, states the fact indefinitely. OVK...OVK...OVK...OV... 
 OVK...OVK...OV : a marked instance of asyndeton, adding much emphasis to 
 the expression. 0TraXias : of these embassies little is known besides 
 what is said in this oration and in the Third Philippic. The Theban has 
 been described in 211 ff. ; that to Byzantium, in 88. The kings of the 
 Thracians were Teres and Cersobleptes. The latter ^Esch., 61, mentions 
 as Avdpa <f>i\oi> Kal trv/j./j.axoi' rrj iroXei. oXXoOcv ov8afM>0V : Dem. also 
 went on a similar embassy to the Peloponn. states. Cf. 79 and note 45. 
 dXX' Iv ols, K. T. 4., but where his ambassadors were vanquished in argu- 
 ment, he came with arms and carried the day. Kenn. 
 
 245. paXaKtav O-KWITTWV, scoffing at the same man for cowardice. In 
 allusion to the charge of ^Esch. that he had fled fr. his post on the field of 
 battle. This story, first found in J5sch., grew as it was repeated, until in 
 the Lives of the Ten Orators, p. 845, it is narrated as a fact, that Dem., as 
 he was fleeing fr. the battle-field, became entangled in a bramble-bush, and 
 panic-stricken turned to the bush, saying: "Spare my life and take me 
 prisoner ! " Against this charge the orator finds a sufficient defence in this 
 and the succeeding sections. TT)s...t|nx i ns : commentators are uncertain 
 whether to take this as courage, temper, or as life. 
 
 246. irdo-av f;Tao-iv, a full examination. ov irapaiTOvpai : / do not 
 faff ff- irrpoKTo : Grote, XI. 121, remarks upon this claim of Dem.: 
 " The first Philippic is alone sufficient to prove, how justly Dem. lays claim 
 to the merit of having 'seen events in their beginnings' and given timely 
 warning to his countrymen." iroXiriKa otVeta ; which are inherent ami 
 unavoidable defects belonging to all popular governments. ir&\is is used 
 here in the sense of iro\ireia. Cf. Isocr. Nicocl., 17 ff., for a comparison 
 between democratic and monarchical government. cos : separated fr. the 
 superlative by a prep. Cf. 288. - irporptyai, sc. T&J ir<5\s. o&>\s 
 H^l e *Ptl = v ^ evpy- for ov JJ.T) w. subj. cf. G MT. 294, 295 ; H. 1032 ; 
 G. 1360 ; Cu. 620. 
 
 247. r<ji SiSovai Kal 8ia<J>0ipv, byjn-omises and bribes to those in power.
 
 NOTES. 225 
 
 Cf. note 45. TWV Kara ravra irpa\8VTwv, of the deeds done in this de- 
 partment ; i. e. as icvpios and ^ye/now r\at> Swdntuv. TIU SicufiOapTjvai, in tlir 
 matter of being bribed by money or not. T<J> 3ia$0. is dat. respect. 6 wvov- 
 |uvos, the bidder. rJ> icar' tjit : the logic is clear : by two means Philip 
 conquered, sc. amis and bribery. But with arms I had nothing to do, and 
 as to bribery, I proved myself incorruptible ; ergo, the defeat of the city is 
 chargeable to me neither in this nor in that. 
 
 IV. 248-290. DEMOSTHENES DEFENDS HIS POLICY AGAINST THE 
 CHARGE OF BEING UNFORTUNATE; COMPARES THE FORTUNE OF ATHENS 
 WITH THAT OF OTHER STATES, AND HIS OWN FORTUNE WITH THAT OF 
 ^ESCHINES ; AND FINALLY APPEALS FOR VINDICATION OF HIS POLICY TO 
 THE INDORSEMENT OF THE PEOPLE AFTER THE BATTLE OF CHSRONEA. 
 'A (iiv : relat. clause precedes for the sake of emphasis. TOVTOV : Ctesiphon. 
 ravra. : wh. have been enumerated. vjwis, sc. vapfffx^Oe ete r6, K. r. e. 
 
 -nqv \t-a\i\v : of Chseronea. 6av|iao-rbv fjv, when it would not have been 
 at all surprising, if tlie multitude luid become disaffected towards me. For 
 6avfw.ffTov J)v cf. note on <%>*, 196. irpwrov |iiv : fearing an immediate 
 attack fr. Philip, the Athenians placed their city in a state of defence w. 
 all possible speed. Read the graphic account given by Lycurgus in his 
 speech against Lcocrates, 39 - 44, of the state of feeling at Athens in con- 
 sequence of the defeat at Chceronea. irdv8'...8i<) TWV biuv |/. : an inex- 
 cusable exaggeration. The proposal to place the Peirseus in a state of 
 defence, to make the Metics citizens, to set free a portion of the slaves, to 
 restore to citizenship those who had lost their political rights, to bring the 
 women and children to the Peirseus for safety, was made by Hyperides "the 
 orator. TO, tis ra rti\i\ \p- : the hasty and tumultuous preparations of 
 defence described by Lycurg. 1. c. are meant, for wh. a special contribution 
 seems to have been made. Cf. 171, 312. O-ITWVTIV, yrain commissioner. 
 Special commissions were appointed in time of war and of unusual scarcity 
 to procure an extra importation of grain. 
 
 349. jwrd ravra. : when the excitement had' died away, and Philip had 
 announced through Demades his friendly intentions. irvtrravriav : with- 
 out the art. to make it indefinite. -ypcujxiLs, sc. irapav^wv, as appears fr. 
 ffvo/j-a ypdtf>fu> in 250. cvOvvas, complaints for maladministration. 
 cio-ayY^as : cf. note 13. r6 yt irpwrov, at first ; the emphasis of ye 
 indicates that they did later. The leaders of the Macedonian faction had 
 to move cautiously, as there was still strong sympathy w. Dem. among the 
 people. tKpi.vop.-qv, / was brought to trial. Suo-iK\e'ovs : nothing further 
 than what is here mentioned is known of him nor of MAairoj. 4>i\o- 
 Kpdrovs : not the same person as the one mentioned in 21, but of Eleusis. 
 
 Au&vSov : cf. 222. rolvw resumes the thought interrupted by the 
 
 15
 
 22 6 NOTES. 
 
 long parenthesis. TOVTO, i. e. rb diKaius fat ffuffrjvai. -yvoVTov rd etiopxo, 
 gave a verdict in accordance with their oath. 
 
 250. TO \Upos : cf. 103. ir<rt]ficUvr0, you were indorsing ; lit. 
 setting the seal upon, spoken of the logistae. The force of the impf. in all 
 these verbs must not be overlooked. ov\ 8...Ti6^(Xvov, not tliat (name) 
 which he saw the people affixing. 8^|iov ... Sitcac-rds . dX.T|6i-av : corre- 
 spond in their order to the different kinds of trial referred to by Dem. 
 alwve ; thus, the '<rayye\t'a was tried before the demns, the ypa,<f>r) ira.pa.vb- 
 (j.ui> before the dicasts, and the evOtivr) before the legist* where the trial was 
 an issue of fact. 
 
 251. TOV KceJxxXov : a statesman who flourished at the time of tin 
 restoration of the democracy under Thrasybulus. He was instrumental in 
 uniting Thebes and Athens during the Corinthian war. TO.. 4>xryeiv, but 
 it was the honor of Cephalus tliat he was never indicted. poXXov, sc. Sid 
 TOVTO : the sense is : why should a man who Jias never been convicted, but 
 often been tried, on this account be held in reproach more justly than the man 
 who Juts never been on trial ? irpds yt TOVTOV, as far as this man (Jfech.) 
 is concerned. t-ypaxj/crro . . .(S(.a>e : the former verb denotes the act of bring- 
 ing in the bill, the latter that of carrying it through the court. H LT 1&' V ' 
 st. ovdtv, oecause it is as the acknowledgment of ^Esch. (not as the absolute 
 fact) thnt he is in no respect a worse citizen. For the form of the neg. cf. 
 G M T. 685. 
 
 252. fy...jjyov|xai...cT4p<p : this sentence passed into a proverb, and is 
 found in the Fforile-gium of Stobseus. f\v yap : the relat. precedes the 
 antecedent TOI/T^J. By beginning the transl. w. ir<2s xprj, K. T. e., the stu- 
 dent will make a clearer Engl. sentence. xP'n Tai> T V ^oyia : cf. 233. - - 
 dvOpcum vcurepov : the sense is with a more just notion of human life. 
 
 253. AwScovaiov : the oracle of Zeus at Dodona was the most venerable 
 of all the Greek oracles, although long ago superseded in influence by that 
 of Apollo at Delphi. It may be that the orator purposely passes the Del- 
 phic oracle by from a suspicion of its truthfulness and patriotism, a sus- 
 picion attributed to him by ^Esch. in the woi'ds (f>i\nrirlfei.v Tlrjv TlvOiai- 
 (pdffKuv. ^ vvv ore'xei, which now prevails. rfe yap .. .irt7ftipa.ro.>. : at this 
 time Thebes was in ruins, the recent uprising against Macedon in the 
 Peloponnesus had been quelled by Antipater, and Alexander was in the 
 midst of his conquests in Asia. 
 
 254. rb. ..fi|i'.vov irpa-rmv, and to fare better than. 8ia.iv in 
 direct discourse the sentence would be : car 7rpow j u.e0a...5tdo/xfi'. rfjs 
 a-yaOfjs TV\TJS : partit. genit. Athens, though under the Macedonian 
 yoke w. the rest of the Greek states, preserved its independence in affairs 
 of home government much better than those Peloponnesian states (rGiv 
 olriQ{vTui>...5ideiv) that had stood aloot fr. the struggle against Philip.
 
 NOTES. 227 
 
 TO 8i irpocrxpovo-cu, and thai there were reverses ; the sentence is the 
 obj. of fj.fTfi\ri<p^vai, \vh., like /j.eraSi5ufj.L and jteT^w, may he followed by 
 the accus. as well as by the partit. geiiit. TO p.cpo$ : in appos. w. the 
 preceding infinitives ; as that portion of the fortune of the rest of mankind 
 which has been allotted to its. 
 
 265. lSiav...cv TOIS ISlois, personal .. .in personal affairs ; not in pub- 
 lic matters. This is in reply to the charge of ^Esch. that the misfortunes 
 of the state were partly due to the ill-starred fortune of Dem. vfiiv, so. 
 Soxfiv fr. doKU. Inferior MSS. add ffwboKetv. 6 84, in contrast w. fyu jj.tv. 
 Kupiom'pav, paramount to ; i. e. more effective for weal or woe. 
 
 256. irdvrws, altogether, at any rate ; modifies the idea of irpoaipe 7 . 
 et-frdfciv. (lov irpbs Aios : the same order is found in 199. \(ruxpo- 
 TTJTO, folly, Lord B. ; bad taste, Kenn. ; coldness, indifference, L. and Sc. ; 
 ungenerous feeling is the excellent rendering of Holmes, who explains 
 the word as denoting "a lack of that human warmth of heart and sym- 
 pathy which would naturally produce great tenderness of word and deed 
 towards the unfortunate." irpairr]X.a.K : cf. irpo-n-T/Xcu-ur/ioi', 12. 
 dva.YKa.op.cu : the orator makes the same excuse in 1 26. K TIOV 4vov- 
 TWV, under the existing circumstances ; lit. out of the things possible, i. e. as 
 material. 
 
 257. Td irpoo-^KOVTa SiSao-KaXeia, it was my lot to attend respectable 
 schools when I was a boy ; in distinction fr. the schools attended by his 
 rival. A Greek school education, as described by Plato Protag., p. 325, 
 consisted of (1) ypd^fiara language spoken and written ; (2) literature, or 
 the study of authors ; (3) music, including rhythm ; (4) evKoapla = good 
 jrrinciplcs and proper behavior. Before rit. vpoff^Kovra all MSS. except S 
 and L. have fitv 6vn (poirav et's = to attend upon; this reading may have 
 arisen fr. the desire to obviate the harshness of the constr. that joins virrip- 
 Xfv first w. a subst. and then w. an infin. (?x e "^- oVo . . . IvScwiv : the 
 father of Dem. left property to the value of 14 talents. How dishonestly 
 this estate was administered by the guardians of Dem., so that but a small 
 fraction of it fell to him as inheritance, we learn fr. his speech against 
 Aphobiis, I., 4-11. ^X66vTv, i. e. when he became an t<prjpos. O.KO- 
 Xou0a TOVTOIS, in keeping with these (my) circumstances. x ? 1 )?^* fo nr ^ 
 as choragus. See Diet. Antiq. Dem. is known to have been choragus in 
 350 B. c., when the difficulty w. Midias occurred. C'f. Orat. c. Mid., 13. 
 
 rpiT]papxeiv : cf. note 102. The duties of trierarch were performed by 
 Dem. several times : once in the Euboean war (357 B. c.); cf. 99. His 
 guardians had him enrolled in the first class, and he was for 10 years 
 fjmoplas. Cf. 102, 103. cUr^pciv, fo contribute. Notum est 
 ue tribute extraordinario ad belli necessitates. Diss. <^iX
 
 22 g NOTES. 
 
 acts of liberality, Kenn.; Freigebigkeit, Jacobs. Two such ads of generosity 
 are alluded to in 268. irpbs TO Koivd - upon public life. iroXXdias 
 ^<rr4>av<2o-8ai : of. 83, 120, 222. KaXd /, honorable at least ; however 
 disastrous the result may have been. " Dem. never forgets his leading dis- 
 tinctions." LARNED. 
 
 258. dv *x wv *" ^X'/" : f- note 96 - The partic. w. concessive 
 force occurs without &v in 138, 264. <J>vXaTT6p.tvos TO Xvjri)<ra = <f>v\, 
 fj.rj \virriffu. Cf. GMT. 374. <rc|ivvvo|iai : here used w. iv, but in 
 259 w. iirl. The antec. of oh may be understood as TOIJ vpdyfMffi. 
 o-efivwofitvos : this word is repeated w. a certain degree of bitterness. 
 troia. Tivl, what sort of a ; the addition of rtj adds to the indefiniteness of 
 the question. W. remarks that this entire passage now following, as well 
 as that contained in 129, is to be regarded as the revenge of Dem. for his 
 rival's similar attack upon him. (Cf. ^Esch., 171 tf.) We could wish 
 that the orator's revenge had been, instead of this, a dignified and con- 
 temptuous silence. rplp<i>v : the ink was probably prepared, like our 
 India ink, by rubbing from a cake. olicrov, K. T. ., having the rank of 
 a menial, not of a gentleman's son. 
 
 259. TtXovcrr), engaged in the riles of initiation. The allusion is to the 
 celebration of Orphic-Bacchic mysteries of Phrygian origin, wh., though 
 under the public ban, had gained at that time considerable foothold in 
 Greece, owing to the prevalent taste for semi-religions excesses. The deity 
 who was worshipped in these rites was Sabazius or Sabadius, the son of 
 Rhea or Cybele, who in later times was identified w. Dionysus Sabazius. 
 Cf. Aristoph. Av., 875. (3l|3Xovs : Plato RcpubL, II. 7, speaks of the 
 large number and extensive influence of soothsayers and priests, who car- 
 ried about with them volumes of oracular sayings and formulae of cousecra- 
 lion, wh. they pretended came from Orpheus and Muspeus. vpp|a>v, 
 wrapping in fawn-skins (sc. the novitiates). Kpa.TT|pi&>v is defined by 
 Phot. Lex. as olvov airb Kparripuv fi> TOIS /uwTTjptois ffirfrdwv. cnro(xd.TTwv 
 is explained by Wyttenbach (ad Pint, dc Superstit., p. 166) as follows : 
 " Lustrationis pars erat ut corpus lustrandum circumlineretur et quasi 
 circumpinseretur imprimis Into [ir^X^], turn abstergeretur [wiTvpois], quo- 
 rum illud est irepifj-drTtiv hoc aTro/xdrreti', sed utrumque promisciie de tola, 
 lustrations dicitur. aviords : the candidate seems to have been in a lying 
 or sitting posture during the process of purification. Cf. Aristoph. Nub., 
 255. l<J>vyov, K. T. c. : a formula wh. signified that one had passed into a 
 new life. It was used also in certain nuptial ceremonies. 
 
 260. 4>Oe'YYrOai nfya : TEsch. seems to have had good lungs and a fine 
 voice, wh. , if we may credit Dem. (cf. 280, 285, 313), he used not with- 
 out ostentation. tcoXovs : ironical. TW papaOu ical -ng XevKfl : the
 
 NOTES. 
 
 229 
 
 fennel plant possessed the property of charming serpents ; the white poplar 
 was believed to grow in Hades, and served as a symbol of life and death. 
 Harpocr. Lex. says that those initiated in the Bacchic mysteries wer< 
 crowned w. the white poplar, because Dionysus was a Oeos xOovioy. TOVS 
 iropcias, squeezing ttie puffy -cheeked snakes ; so called fr. their large putty 
 cheeks (iraptia.) ; they -were thought to be harmless. Cf. Etym. Magii., 
 653 ; Aristoph. Plut., 690. The use of serpents in the Bacchic services i> 
 alluded to also by Euiip. Bacch., 697. tvol <raj)ot, Bum Saboi! a Bac- 
 chic exclamation, whose origin grammarians give variously : ei)ot fr. eS ol, 
 ev ffoi, e& 01 (fjiiiffTai), e5 vlt ; <ra/3cu fr. era/36s ( =. /Sd^xos) = one who has been 
 initiated into the mystery of Sa/Mfios, the Phrygian /3d*xos. vqs dTTrjs, 
 Hyes Attes ! CT/J is generally taken as simply an exclamation w. &TTIJS, and 
 &.TTW as an equivalent of 2a/3<iftos. The name "ATT-IJJ is found in Pausan., 
 VII. 17, 5. The whole is supposed to be the opening or the refrain of a 
 Bacchic street chorus, that was accompanied by dances and contortions of 
 the body. ^apxos, leader of the choir, chorister. irpOT\yt\>MV, leader of 
 t/ie procession, marshal. Kirroc^opos, adorned with ivy ; Attic for KUTCO- 
 <f>6pos. The ivy was sacred to Dionysus. This is the MSS. reading ; but 
 Reiske, Bekk., Taylor, and others follow Harpocr., Suid., Phot., and read 
 KiffTo<j>opos bearer of the chest (wh. contained the sacred utensils). V. con- 
 tends that it is improbable that the same person should be both Kiffroipj- 
 pos and \iKvo<f>6pos if they mean different things, and that both words 
 should be used if they mean the same thing. IvOpvnro, sops ; ace. to 
 Photius they were bits of bread sopped in wine and sprinkled over w. 
 pulse. oTpeirrovs, twists (ffrptyu). vc^Xara were, ace. to Harpocr., 
 fresh-ground barley-cakes dipped in honey and studded w. raisins and 
 chick-peas. 
 
 261. 6irwr8VjiroTe = quocumque modo ; implying that it was in a way 
 anything but creditable. Cf. note 130. The enrolment in the register 
 of citizens was made at the expiration of the 17th year of one's age. 
 ypa(i|iaTcvciv : cf. 162, 209. rois dpxiSCois, the petty officials. diniX- 
 Xd-yrjs : by the choice of this word he wishes to imply that it was a hard 
 and disagreeable service to wh. ^Esch. had been bound. TW . . . piu>, lii 
 your subsequent career. 
 
 262. TOIS popvoTovois, nicknamed the groaners ; probably fr. their ri- 
 diculous overacting of the pathetic. ZipvXcp : Demochares in Vita jEsdi., 
 p. 246, mentions the fact that ^Esch. wandered w. these strolling players 
 through the land and appeared on "the provincial boards" in the celebra- 
 tion of the rural Dionysia. brpiTa.y<avlo~rf\.s : cf. 129. <ruXXyv, gath- 
 ering from the orchards of others, just as a fruit-huckster. The country Dio- 
 nysia occurred at the time of the vintage. ^Esch. is represented here, ace. to.
 
 230 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 one view , as going about the country gathering up fruit, either as a thief or as 
 a beggar ; ace. to another view, as picking up fr. the stage the fruit w. wh. 
 the audience pelted him and his associates for their poor acting. If the 
 latter view is correct, it is difficult to see what K r&v dXXorp. x- refers to, 
 since it is wholly superfluous w. dtrupuvrjs. irXttw Xap.(3dvojv : the sense 
 is obscure. Most critics understand these words to mean that jEseh. har- 
 vest of fruit was greater than his earnings as an actor, rCsv aywvtav referring 
 to the dramatic contests in which you (the actors) were engaged at the peril 
 of your life. By taking aywvuv to refer to contests between the spectators 
 and the actors the gloss rpavnara after TOVTUV, wh. is omitted by S alone, 
 crept into the text. Others understand the allusion to be to the blows 
 received by him as a vagrant in the orchards. But Dem. would not say : 
 "you received more blows from this calling than from your acting," when 
 he states immediately afterward that they acted at the peril of their life. 
 Professor Tyler seems to combine the two interpretations, as if the orator 
 used an intentional ambiguity : " the result was that they got more (both 
 kicks and coffers) in this way, than from acting in the plays." AoirovSos 
 Kal o.KT|px)KTos : in explanation of irepl T?JS '/'I'X^J. The war was without 
 truce, i. e. unceasing ; and without herald, i. e. implacable. Cf. Xen. Anab., 
 III. 3. 5. Tpavna/r' alludes to the showers of stones, fruit, and other 
 missiles sent by the audience for his wretched acting. This is more fully 
 described by Dem. in de F. L., 337 : Sre ptv ra 6ve<rrov Kal r&v eirl Tpola 
 KCLKO. fjyan'ifeTO, fej3d\XeTe avrbv Kal f^fffvpirrfre K rCiv Oearpuv Kal fj.6vov 01) 
 KarfXevere ourws wore TeXevruvra TOU rpirayuviffTeiv airocrTr l i>ai. s Sti- 
 Xovs : with reference to the reproach of cowardice that ^Esch. brings repeat- 
 edly against him. 
 
 263. eiXXd ydp : cf. 211 and note. irpis avra. . . KaTij-yop V aTtt > ? 
 shall proceed to consider step by step the actual charges against your charac- 
 ter. irort, at last; " continuing the taunt that ^Esch. was long excluded fr. 
 political life by his low origin and occupations." HOLMES. Xa-yu PIOV 
 ^sHS, you led the life of a hare; a proverbial expression for a life of 
 anxious fear and timidity. 
 
 264. x i ^ wv --- airo6av6vTwv : Lycurg. c. Lcocr., 142, and Diod., XVI. 
 83, state that a thousand Athenians fell in the battle of Chseronea, and that 
 two thousand were taken prisoners. TV 5*vrov contains an implied 
 contrast to a-jroOavbvruv. dv Set|ai|i.t : potent, optat. ; cf. note on av ?x l > 
 16. cuppas, recklessly. 8o-a...oriv : how diff. fr. Sera av y ? Cf. 
 M T. 525 ; H. 914 ; G. 1430. 
 
 265. TO, <rol Ka.fj.oi f3cf3i<ofj.lva, lit. the things lived by you and by me. 
 < 'f. 130. cSiSao-Kes . .iraTptSos : this passage was regarded by the ancient 
 rhetoricians as a model of antithesis. But Demetrius de Elocut., 250, finds
 
 NOTES. 231 
 
 fault w. the number of balanced sentences ; he thinks the effect of the con- 
 trast is weakened by so many antithetic parts, and the entire passage shows 
 more artifice than earnestness. In sharp and severe outline Dem. sums up 
 the career of his rival in its five leading points : (1) as assistant to a peda- 
 gogue ( 258) ; (2) as helper in the initiations ( 259, 260) ; (3) as clerk 
 ( 261); (4) as actor ( 262); (5) as statesman ( 263). Most Editt. have 
 exbpeves, eyu 8' ^xP'ny ovv after fre\ovfjLr)v ; but this sentence is found neither 
 in S, L., nor in the oldest rhetoricians. Ir&ns. . .r\ov(M]v : the antithesis 
 becomes clear when we understand rAe of the disreputable Sabazian mys- 
 teries and ^TeXov/j.-r/i' of the sacred Eleusinian mysteries. Kenn. quotes fr. 
 Milton's Apology for Smcdymnuus the following imitation : "Speaking of 
 the young divines and students at college, whom he had so often seen upon 
 the stage acting before courtiers and court ladies, he (Milton) proceeds thus : 
 ' There while they acted and overacted, among other young scholars I was 
 a spectator ; they thought themselves gallant men, and I thought them 
 fools ; they made sport, and I laughed ; they mispronounced, and I mim- 
 icked ; and, to make up the Atticism, they were out, and I hissed.' " 
 
 266. rb S^...dvu|xoXoYnK- ai -t an d it has been admitted that I have done 
 no wrong whatever. TO dStKelv is the accus. retained w. the pass, constr. 
 <rvKo4>dvT[) : for the constr. cf. note on TOIOI/TOIJ, 128. KivSwcvcis, K. r. t., 
 and you are in danger either of being obliged to continue to do this (i. e. act 
 the part of slanderer, since ^Esch. to be consistent must play his role to the 
 end, must not stop, therefore, with gaining this suit) or of being forthwith 
 silenced, by losing this suit. Thus, the orator means to say, iEsch. must 
 be in either case the loser. T& ir|urrov : cf. note 103. iY*^ Y* : 
 notice the ironical force of ye. ov\ ops : cf. 232. rfjs 4pi|s : tho 
 comm. reading adds ws <j>av\ris, \vh., as Voem. justly remarks, weakens the 
 force of the sentence, for no one T^TJS Karrryopei ws dyaffrjs. 
 
 267. TWV Xtirovp^wiv : such as are enumerated in 257. avayvw, Jrl 
 me read, although below he says Xye ; but it is well known that what one 
 orders another to do, he may be said to do himself. fxoi = I pray thsc ; 
 the ethical dat. Cf. note 178. 4Xvjiavov, used to murder. Cf. 180. 
 We speak of murdcrinq the king's English. fJKw. . .irvXas : the beginning of 
 the Hecuba of Euripides. TtfXas is governed by \nrwv in the next verse, 
 wh. reads : \iiruv, Iv "At5?;s x<"V' J $<rrai 6f(av. ^Esch. had peisonated in 
 this play the shade of Polydorus as tritagonist. KaKayytXtiv is an ajra 
 \tybtuvov. This iambic verse is from an unknown tragedy. KCUCOV 
 KO.KWS : an instance of paronomasia ; cf. 11, and the Latin mulos male 
 perdere. 
 
 268. TOIOVTOS, sc. fy tyi!>. KO vos, sc. efyu, I am public-spirited. A 
 similar omission of the first pers. of this verb occurs in Dem. Lept., 55,
 
 232 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 where laiiiv is to be supplied. IXv<rd|iT)v : Dem., ace. to dc F. L., 169 ff., 
 ransomed a number of Athenians who had been taken prisoners in the 
 Olynthian war. o-vvt^'SwKa, joined with any (sc. the poorer of the citi- 
 zens) in portioning their daughters. Every bride must bring her husband 
 a maniage dower ; the poor obtained it by the generous contributions of 
 their richer friends. o<rrc...ov&v, join w. av efrroijtu. In this category 
 might be placed contributions to defray burial expenses, and to buy military 
 outfits for the poor. 
 
 269. ry<J>...T<j> 6vt8v ; the same just sentiment is given by Cic. dc 
 Amicit., XX. 71, as follows : " Odiosum sane genus hominum officia expro- 
 brantium, quse memiuisse debet is in quern collata sunt, non commemoraiv 
 qui contulit." iroi^o-avra, sc. e&, wh. is found in most MSS. rbv (iv 
 means TOV e5 iraBtara. ; rbv Si refers to TOV Tronfitravra. fxiKpov...6vi8i^iv, 
 is almost like reproaching one. irpoax&<]<ro|xai, sc. iroielv. 8irs iro9', 
 K. T. c., but in whatever way I have been regarded as respects tliese things, 
 I am content. 
 
 270, 271. aTraXXa-yels, having escaped from ; as if from some unpleas- 
 ant thing. Cf. dirr)\\dy-ris, 261. xnro TOVTOV TOV ^Xiov, i. e. the world 
 of the Greeks. d.0u>os, unscathed by. vvv, i. e. in the year 331 - 330 B. c. 
 Cf. note 253. rfjv HT]V. .(BovXti : a similar turn of expression is found 
 in 20. irdvTwv alriav : airiav is not found in S, and is, therefore, re- 
 jected by V. and W. But this word seems necessary to the sense. Dem. is 
 refuting the notion, so persistently declared by his rival, that his personal 
 fortune was answerable for the misfortunes of the country, and his argument 
 runs thus : you cannot name any one who has not been injured by Philip 
 or Alexander ; but among those who have been thus injured there are 
 many who have never seen me nor heard my voice. Can I be the cause of 
 their misfortunes ? How much more just, then, is it to say that our mis- 
 fortunes and theirs are attributable to a common cause (sc. rip dirdvruv 
 dvOpdjiruv TIJXTIV nai <popdv riva Trpay/^druv xaXeTr/ji'), than to call my fortune 
 the cause of all, i. e. of all the evil that has come upon the Greeks and 
 Barbarians. Voem. and West, render : / concede tliat my fortune, whether 
 you please to call it good or ill, has become the fortune of all (men). But how 
 that follows fr. the supposition el ^v yap ?x s > K. T. e., I do not see. <j>opdv 
 riva...ovx fov ^S*S a certain irresistible and deplorable tide of troubles. 
 Some take <f>opdv here in the sense of crop or harvest, as in 61. 
 
 272. iropd TovToio-l, among these ; i. e. my fellow-citizens, as dis- 
 tinguished fr. TroXXoi TOW /jiridfiruiroT iSovruv, K. r. e'., above. Kal ti (ify 
 even if not. avroKparup, e. g. like Philip. Cf. 235. 
 
 273. ai...irpovTi'0i o-KOimv, and at all times the city proffered the op- 
 portunity in common (sc. to all) to consider her advantage. ircuri...p&.Tioy :
 
 NOTES. 
 
 233 
 
 this taunt is not fair. vEsch. and his party were outvoted and had to sub- 
 mit to what they could not prevent ; their approbation they did not give. 
 ravr' : the measures proposed by Dem. ov yap i-n' evvoiej., K. T. ., for 
 it ivas not out of good- mill, certainly, that you relinquished to me, etc.; i. e. 
 you did not give up these in order that I might have them. cXmSuv, 
 hopcx, prospects of reward. Trrrwpcvos, because you were compelled. 
 Xy< l v PX.TO : < - f. fiirtlv P(\TIOV above. This change of tense and number 
 gives variety. Which of these forms of expression has more reference to 
 the nature and contents of the action? vvv yKaXv...T6V OVK c^x* 8 ' 
 how and where has the orator made this point before ? Cf. 188, 196, 
 217. It is the characteristic of a good orator to impress an important point 
 by frequent yet ever-varying repetition. 
 
 274. fyuV, f for my part see ; however oblivious of these principles 
 my opponent may be. irws TO. roiavra, such principles as these somehow 
 defined and laid down. aSiKti TIS tK<ov : former examples of this hypo- 
 thetical form of statement are found in 117, 198. op-y^v ical njiwpfav 
 ...0-iryYvwp.Tjv, sc. SiwpKr^as opu>. ovV aSiKwv ns, K. T. I. : transl. in this 
 order: Tt$...5oi)s...oi) Kan!)p6u>fff...oCr'...oOr. The particc. ddi/cuv, (^afnapTd- 
 viav are placed at the beginning so as to connect this third category more 
 closely w. the two preceding. ov KdTupOoxrc, failed in common with all. 
 On the distinction between druxij/uara, d.uaprij/aaTa, aSi.Krifw.ra., cf. Aristot. 
 Iihct., I. 13. TW ToiovTU) : the addition of the art. makes the reference 
 more specific = such an one as this. 
 
 275. TOIS vojiois, from the laws. The distinction between vonoi and 
 vo/jufjLoi may be stated thus : i>6/ios = a positive, definite law or ordinance, 
 generally written ; v<S//xos =: a principle or rule that is founded upon cus- 
 tom or upon the moral sense of every human being. Cf. Soph. Antig., 
 451 : ol TOI)S ev avOpuiroufiv wpurav v6fwvs. ov8 ffOtvfiv roffovrov tiiJ/j.rn> TO, <ra 
 K-ripvy/jLara wj TO. dypairra ical dff<j>a\r} Oeuv v6/M(M. Cf. also Plato Lcgg., 
 VII., p. 793 ; Dem. c. Aristocr., 70. ^Owi : cf. note 114. drvx^- 
 fidruv : misfortunes he imputes to me as crimes. 
 
 276. 8irs ji^i irapaKpotlcrofwu : for the mode cf. G M T. 370 ; H. 887 a ; 
 0. 1379 ; Cu. 533, Obs. Stivov, skilful as a sjteaker, hence eloquent. 
 So dfivorrrra below = eloquence. ^Esch. had named Dem. KaKovpyov aotfx.- 
 ffrijv TOV y'jrrra KO.I f$a\amiOT6fJiOv KOI SiarerfjLriKJTa rrjv iroXtrflav Setvos 
 dtjfuovpybs \uyuv. us IOIV...OVTWS ?xovra, as though when, etc., ...then 
 these statements must also be true. For the constr. cf. 122. 
 
 277. Tf|v...8ivd'niTa : another instance of aposiopesis ; cf. 3, 22. 
 The thought thus interrupted is resumed w. the words tl 8' ofo...tnirtipla. 
 Toiat/TTj. &TTW Y<ip, nay, be it so. Let it pass that I am an orator ; this 
 imputation is, after all, a kind of proof that J am in sympathy w. th.e
 
 234 NOTES. 
 
 public ; w$ yap...dTrooeij<r6{, K. r. e. rb irXtiorov, for the most part, gen- 
 erally. Some MSS. insert pApos. s ydp...diro8no-0e, for, according as 
 you may receive and feel kindly towards each. For the subj. w. av cf. G M T. 
 
 532 ; H. 914 B ; G. 1431 ; Cu. 5J4. ?8o{; : why the aor.? Cf. GMT. 
 
 533 ; H. 840 ; G. 1394 ; Cu. 494. This sentiment, that the audience con- 
 trols the speaker, not the speaker the audience, is stated negatively in the de 
 F. L., 340 : "Other powers are tolerably independent, but that of speaking is 
 reduced to nothing when you who hear are opposed." The same important truth 
 has been dwelt upon by all rhetoricians fr. Aristotle to Whately. trap' tjtol : 
 cf. 110 : wap eKdar^ rb trvveiSos virdpx.ei.v /JLOI. oiS" ISia, not even for my 
 personal interest. TovvavrCov, sc. .evp-qaert ^era^ofjLfvrjv. rovrwv : to be 
 referred back to the collective T<S, as in 99. 
 
 278. tUreXijXvOoras, sc. TO. diKacrr-fipia. aijiovv O.VTIO fBepcuoOv, to re- 
 quire to secure to himself; i. e. by condemning his opponent. clo-Uvcu, 
 nor ought he to come before you, as a prosecutor. irpdus . ^x iv > * ^ re 
 them (i. e. these feelings) mildly and moderately disjwsed. TOV iroXi- 
 TVOHVOV.. rJ>v jWJTopa : the former is one that takes an active part in 
 public affairs, the latter more distinctively a speaker and advocate in the 
 public assemblies. For the repetition of the art. (rbv) cf. note 212. 
 ^v ots...T<S 8-rip.u), et in quibus populo res est cum advcrsariis. The full ex- 
 pression in Greek would be & TOVTOIS & irpbs, K. r. e. Cf. wpos &v ty ij/juv 6 
 dy&v, 235 ; Isocr. Panegyr., 12 : faoi S' ovdtv irpbs TOIOVTOVS...<TT'I.V. 
 
 279. p.T|8evbs 8i d.8iKT)naTos 8iKt|v : here Dem. briefly reiterates the 
 points more fully treated in 12-16. fjicciv : subj. of etrrt <rr)fj.eloi>. The 
 art. (r6) is used w. this infin. below. crvv<rKwewrnvov, having concocted. 
 
 ovScvbs : neuter. fi avrbv, more emphatic than inavrov, me myself. 
 
 irl Tov8', i. e. Ctesiphon. Kal irdo-av ?\ l KaKiav, involves even the 
 sum of all baseness. Most MSS. omit *cai, and then vvv...Ka.idav forms a 
 pentameter. 
 
 280. Xo-ytov ..Ti|io>piav : for the same topic cf. 226. <|><i>va<rKias : 
 ^Esch. practice in elocution and his fine voice are derided also in 308. 
 And in de F. L., 336, Dem. says : tirapfi ri)v (pwvrjv Kal irf<puvaffKr)Kws ?<rrai. 
 All this is by way of retort upon ^Esch., who in de F. L., 157, speaks of 
 Dem. voice as 6%eiai> Kal dvtxriov. Yet how much pains Dem. took to culti- 
 vate his voice and delivery, Quintilian mentions, Oral. Instit., XI., Chap. 
 III., 53, 130. pouXofitvos : as indicating the motive. TLJJUOV, tlw 
 thing to be valued. TOVOS (reivui), the pitch of the voice. Cf. tirdpas TTJV 
 (pwvrjv, 291. &v TJ irarpfe, sc. /utcrjj Kal <pt\rj. 
 
 281. fir" tvvola, based upon good-will. ^irl TTJS avrfjs, sc. djKijpas, he 
 is not moored by the same anchor as the multitude. A common metaphor. 
 So ifl Svoii' bpufiv to have separate interests. oflicovv, K. r. f. : completes
 
 NOTES. 
 
 235 
 
 the thought of the metaphor. tga[pcTov...tSu>v, nothing separate (from the 
 public) nor personal (as opposed to public interests). 
 
 282. cv0lci>s...{iropfvov : immediately after the battle of Chaeronea an 
 embassy went fr. Athens to Philip, to treat for the release of the prisoners 
 of war. At the head of this embassy was Demades (cf. 285). His asso- 
 ciates were ^Esch. and Phocion. Cf. Grote, Chap. XC. ; Plut. Plioc., 16. 
 8s refers to Philip. irdvra \povov : taken literally, this is an exaggera- 
 tion, since YEsch. went on two embassies concerning the peace of Philoc- 
 rates ; he is to be understood, therefore (and doubtless he was so under- 
 stood by his audience), as meaning all the former time since 346 B. c. 
 TO.VTIJV T^V xpttav, although lie refused this service (L e. of going on an 
 embassy to Philip). Karopdrcu : at the opening of each Assembly it was 
 customary for the crier or herald to imprecate curses on the enemies of the 
 state, and more particularly on those who plotted to overthrow the de- 
 mocracy and were bribed to betray their country into the hands of foreign 
 foes. Cf. Schoni. de Comit. Athen., p. 92. Cf. 130. OV-BOS = rotovrot, 
 wh. is the reading of many MSS. 
 
 283. ov j|Avii<re<u : why not u-/, ? Cf. O M T. 594 ; H. 1024 ; G. 
 1451 last part ; Cu. 617, Obs. 1, 2. 4v TW TroXtfiu) : in contrast with 
 juerd T\)V jj.dxTr)v, 282. TTJV curio. v Tavrt)V, this cliarye, sc. of holding 
 friendly relations with Philip. 
 
 284. Tpoo-e-iroioO .ovdfiara : cf. 51, 52. "The reptilians, the en- 
 forcement again and again of the same point, are a distinguishing feature 
 of Demosth., and formed also one of the characteristics of Mr. Fox's great 
 eloquence." Lord. B. TV|iiravi<rTpas : the ceremonies described in 259 
 were accompanied with the beating of drums and cymbals. 'vos 4>iXos 
 
 .yvupifios : the thought is presented in the form of a climax, as each of 
 these terms expresses less than the one next preceding : guest-friend, friend, 
 acquaintance. tlXi]p.p^vos.. ^^ovis, although you yourself hare been thus 
 openly appreliendcd as a traitor^ and although you have become, etc. Jirl 
 TOIS o-vfipdo-i : cf. note 197. jtdXXov, sc. $ e/d, as is easily understood 
 fr. the connection. Many MSS. add these words ; an addition that, coming 
 after so many long syllables, would mar the rhythm of the sentence. 
 
 285. IIo\Xd...'?|fi.vT]|iov?]<rcv : the connection between this sentence and 
 what immediately precedes is so loose, as to lead Dobneus to strike out this 
 and to connect ffrjueiov 8t directly w. the last sentence of 284, making the 
 sense : .aiintiov 8 rov firj V/u.^ TUIV KOLK&V atnov flvai. Bvit the connection 
 as it stands, though not very close, seems clear enough : "I was not the 
 author of the evil he charges upon me, but of much good ; and here is the 
 proof that the people so regarded me." \tiporoviav ...tpovvr : the custom 
 of pronouncing eulogies upon those who fell in battle was a later addition 
 to the public funeral rites with wh. they were honored (cf. Thuc., II. 35),
 
 NOTES. 
 
 dating probably fr. the close of the Persian wars. Cf. Diod., XI. 33. 
 Specimens of such funeral orations are the famous one of Pericles, given by 
 Thuc., II. 35-46; that found in Plato's Menexenus; the ^rtrd^tos rots Ko- 
 ^ivOltav fioriOois, attributed to Lysias ; and an ^7rtrd0(os, attributed to Dem. 
 The choice of an orator was made by the people, the Senate having only the 
 right to nominate (rrpo[3\ri6tvTa). Ar]|xdST]v : an orator of consummate 
 ability, regarded by some as a match for Dem. himself (cf. Quint., Instil. 
 Grot., II. Chap. 17, 12, 13 ; Pint. Dem., 8, 10). He was also a man 
 without principle and a notorious partisan of Philip, described by Pint. 
 Phoc. , I. , as vavdyiov TTJS iroXews. As prisoner of war at the battle of Chae- 
 ronea he secured the favor of Philip, and became the agent of the peace 
 (&pri TreiroiTjKora rty eiprivt]v) that bears his name. Cf. Diod., XVI. 87. 
 'Hyfjpova : a member of the Macedonian party and a self-educated orator. 
 ^Esch. c. Ctzs., 25, mentions him as the author of a law w. reference to 
 the Theoric fund enacted soon after the battle of Chseronea. Hegemon and 
 Pythocles were put to death together w. Phocion, five years after the death 
 of Alexander the Great. IIvOoKXtovs : at first a friend of Dem., he became 
 later the hireling of Philip. Cf. de F. L., 225, 314. ?T' Apcivov, etiam 
 luculentius et studiosius Diss. 
 
 286. avrof, i. e. 6 5%tos ( 285). d...TowT': a common inversion of 
 the order of relat. and antec. clause. wjioX.oyfj<raT, this you acknowledged 
 in the misfortunes of the state ; referring to their sympathy and friendship 
 w. Philip, as at the beginning of 284. o$v, accordingly ; as the natural 
 inference fr. such conduct. wv t^povow ..dSeiav, they (the people) had the 
 opinion that those who found in the public disasters security for the free 
 utterance of their sentiments (lit. freedom from fear on account of what, they 
 thought, or, as some think, on account of what they purposed) had been their 
 enemies long ago, but at thai moment had become such manifestly. 
 
 287. dra. ical jrpoo-fJKciv, in the next place to be fitting also. xrrroXap.- 
 pdvovTs...TOvro 8' ctipwv : an anacoluthon, 5t being used as if a verb 
 st. partic. preceded. So in Xen. Anal., VI. 6. 16 : ^aXf"^, ' ol6fifi>oi 
 fv rrj 'E\\ddi Kai tiraivov Kal rtix^s Tf^etrffai, avrl 8 robriav ovd' 8/j.otoi 
 TO?S dXXots fcr6fjLe0a. Inferior MSS. change into vireXd^avof. 6puopo4>iov 
 
 .opxrirovSov : deriv.? Should not have sat under the same roof or at the 
 same table with. Kenn. Pabst renders by Haus- und Tischgcnosse. lxtl : 
 at the court of Philip. Kndj;av Kal iraiwv^civ : Dem. de F. L., 128, 
 says : oCros (sc. AiVx^s) ei'y TairivlKia. rd>v wpay/Mdruv Kal rod iroXtfiov, 4 
 Q-qpaioi Kal $i\iiriros 6voi>, flffTtaro fXffuif Kal <nrov8wi> p.erfix e Kal fV-^Csv, &j 
 tiri rotj TWV ffv/j.fj.dxw rCn> v/j-ertpuv relxeai Kal x^pa KOI 8ir\ois dwo\u\6ffii> 
 fi5xero tKe'ivos, Kal ffvt>f<TTe<pai>ovro Kal ffvveiraiwi'i^e <f>tXi7riry Kal <pL\oTi)<rlas 
 Theopompus, as cited by Athenaeus, X. 435, states that after
 
 NOTES. 
 
 237 
 
 the battle of Chaeronea Philip invited the Athenian envoys to dine with 
 him. Cf. note 282. T-Q <fxi>vfj Soxpvciv : the idea is that he assumed a 
 pathetic tone. {nroKpivoptvovs, acting a part. Cf. 1 5. The plur. is 
 used so as to include in the allusion Demades, Hegemon, and Pythocles, 
 besides ^Esch. v/uv, vwaj below have the same reference. 
 
 288. ot . . . aip0VTs : an attributive clause, hence the repetition of the 
 article. firl ras rtu^as : an abridged expression = tvl TTJV TUV Ta<pui> ira- 
 paffKevfy ; so 312, 's rrjv fvin/jdav = 'j rqv TT;S ^irtrt/uas dvd\t)\f/u>. The 
 relatives of the deceased formed a sort of committee of arrangement for the 
 funeral ceremonies, the closing act of wh. was the TreplSenrvov or vtKp6- 
 Sturvov. Cf. Diet. Antiq. sub Funus. dXXcos irws : supply a verb like 
 eiroir]ffai>, as w. oCrwj above. cis irop' <HKioTaTu> : cf. 246. wonrcp 
 rdXX* ei'aj0, i. e. to make the funeral feast at the house of the nearest 
 relative. Cf. Lucian de Luctu., C. 24. KOIVTJ : as opposed to ytvct. The 
 sense is this : the statesman who labors for the welfare of all the citizens 
 stands more nearly related to all than any other individual citizen ; each 
 individual mourns over his own kin, but his grief is for all alike. w. . .Sic- 
 4>tpev : diatfrtpeiv is used here like the Latin interesse w. the dative. d (JLTJ 
 TTOT' axfwXov, sc. waOe'iv : what kind of a wish ? Cf. G M T. 734 ; H. 871 a: 
 G. 1512, 1513 ; Cu. 515. 
 
 289. EIIirPAMMA : the monument erected over the ashes of those 
 who fell at Chseronea is mentioned by Pausanias, I. 29. 13, as situated in 
 the outer Cerameicus, on the road to the Academy. Such monuments bore 
 inscriptions (^iri-ypd/xjuoTa) wh. contained, besides the names of those buried, 
 some poetic commemoration of their braveiy and patriotism. The inscrip- 
 tion before us is of unknown origin, is not found in 2 and several other MSS., 
 contains many irregularities of diction, and is altogether so unsatisfactory, 
 that almost all critics believe it to be of later composition. ds 8t)piv 
 ?0vro 8ir\o, put their arms into the conflict ; an unusual expression ; 6tff6a.i 
 oirXa = generally to stack arms, to lay down arms. dircrK'8a<rav : a poeti- 
 cal exaggeration as regards the result of the battle. So Lycurg. c. Leocr. , 
 49, says : et 5 Set irapdSoj-ov fjv tlirflv, d\7)6ts S4, voccDrres dirfOavov. 
 papvap-evoi 8* dpcTijs ical SctpaTos : so read the MSS. Yoemel, in an Ex- 
 cursus, gives at least 15 different interpretations of this distich, of wh. the 
 more important may be stated under these four heads : (1) Many recent 
 Editt. accept Valckenaar's conjecture of XI)/XTOJ for 5Y/wiToy, and join both 
 genitives w. ftapv. as genit. cause or price : contending with bravery and 
 courage ; or, retaining Seizures, understand it w. the Schol. as = <f>&(iov 08 
 d\ov vvtp TT)S irarpidos ; or change the reading to apery Slxa ddnarot = 
 virtute intrepida ; or read dpeTrjs Kara. Set'/iaros = virtute contra communem 
 terrorem. (2) Join d/>eT^s xal XT^KITOS w. foduvav they did not preserve
 
 238 NOTES. 
 
 their lives as the price of bravery and courage ; or read 5ia Seiy/j.aros = they 
 did not, etc., through a display of bravery. (3) Take apery? /cat XTJ/WITOS as 
 an exclamation = valor and courage ! or change to dpfrrjs Si Sfiy/MiTos = 
 display of valor ! (4) Join dperrjs KO.I 5ei/xoros w. /Spa/Si), the negat. 
 clause ovK...\J/vxds being parenthetic and requiring the dXXd following. 
 The regular order would be : fj.apv. 2' (OVK effdwffav \f/vxds, d\X') dperijj nal 
 dei/MTOs. . .fipa&ri. A similar transposition in the order (called Hyperbaton) is 
 found in Xen. Hell., VII. 3. 7 : u/j.els TOVS irepi'Apxiav Kal 'Tirdrrjv (ov \l/r)- 
 (pov dve/j.fii>aTe, dXXd) mrore irpurov edvvdffOrfre IniMap-fjaaffOe. Ace. to this 
 view the sense is : these by their death proved what they were, whether brave 
 men or cowards ; brave men, of course, for they all chose Hades as tlieir com- 
 mon arbiter. V. cites Lycurg. c. Leocr., 49, in support of this inter- 
 pretation. ovvetcev 'EX\T|va>v must be taken closely w. the idea of dirfOa.- 
 vov that is contained in OVK tffdwvav \f/vxds. vybv a.v\tvi 0*'vres : this is 
 properly said of victors who impose the yoke upon the vanquished. Diss. 
 renders it by se subjicientes. The idea would be more properly expressed 
 by virb vybv avxeva 6tvres. o-ujiara = the bones, for the bodies were 
 burned upon the field of battle. fj8t tcpicris : referring to what follows. 
 |XT)Siv d|xapTiv...?iropv : this distich has been variously understood. 
 The two main interpretations are given : (1) The transl. ace. to the punctu- 
 ation here adopted, wh. is that of Bekk., is : to fail in nothing is of the 
 gods, and to succeed in all things in life ; but from destiny no escape is al- 
 lotted. The sense of the entire passage then is this : these sacrificed their 
 lives for the freedom of their country ; in that they lost their lives they 
 met their fioipa, fr. wh. there is no escape anyway ; in that they failed of 
 success they were not at fault, for success (irdvra KaropBovv, wh. is the 
 positive side of wStv d/j.apre'tv) is the gift of the gods. BeCiv is possess, 
 genit., it belongs to the gods, hence is theirs to bestow. So jEschyl. Scptem. , 
 625 : 0eoD S Supov fffnv evrvxetv /3poroi)s. Notice how well this interpreta- 
 tion harmonizes w. the sentiment : rb ^v yap irepas, K. r. <?., 192, 193. 
 It also agrees, as we shall see, w. the application Dem. makes in 290. 
 (2) But Z., W., Dind., not to mention many more, punctuate after narop- 
 0ovv, join iv purry w. what follows, and read thus : to fail in nothing and to 
 succeed in all things is the prerogative of the gods ; but in mortal life (i. e. to 
 mortals) it is decreed in no wise to escape destiny. Here the condition of the 
 gods and of men is contrasted, and we should expect some such application 
 as this : it must, therefore, occasion no surprise, if we mortals fail in our 
 undertakings. But how different is the application wh. the orator makes 
 below in ov T(J> ffvufiovXy, K. T. e., we shall presently see. To the many 
 metrical translations already published of this epitaph, all of which follow 
 in the last distich the second interpretation just given, I venture to add 
 the following :
 
 NOTES. 239 
 
 TJiesc for i/icir country rushed into tlic fray, 
 And bravely kept t.Jic boastful foe at bay ; 
 Spared not their lives, but prizing honor's name, 
 Chose Hades judge of glory or of shame ; 
 For Hellas' sake, that far removed miglti be 
 Forevermore the curse of slavery. 
 Arid, now guards well their sleep the fatJierland, 
 Since this decree from Zeus shall ever stand : 
 ' T is of the gods when all life's juans succeed, 
 But no escape from fate to mortals is decreed. 
 
 290. s rb |iT]S4v, K. r. ., you hear, also in this very thing (epitaph"), 
 that t/te statement... attributes not to the statesman but to the gods the power 
 of making those u'ho contend successful. How the second interpretation of 
 the last distich, the gods alone are successful, can be made to harmonize w. 
 this application, it is difficult to see. irdvTa KaropOovv : most Editt. 
 place a colon after the words, and thus make a harsh asyndeton in ou T$ 
 <n>M/3oi'A(f>, K. T. i. Tp&|/iaj> : a true optative. Cf. GMT. 721. I. ; H. 
 870 ; G. 1507 ; Cu. 514. 
 
 V. 291-323. CONCLUSION. () 291 - 293. THE FEELINGS EX- 
 
 HIBITED BY vEsCHINES ON ACCOUNT OF THE CALAMITIES OF HIS CoUN- 
 TRY. us -&v, sc. ?x ot ' a similar ellipsis occurs w. Swep 5' &v, 197 ; titrirtp 
 Sa> rpvrdvr], 298. XapvyY^wv, lit. straining his larynx, i. e. vociferating. 
 TOIS . . . aviapois, in the distressful events that occurred. Cf. fofftamba* 
 rots Koivols dya0o:s, 217. 
 
 292. rrjs iroXiTtlas, the constitution. ovros, sc. <j>d<TKfi. JEsc\\. pro- 
 fessed iu his speech great solicitude for the preservation of the ancient 
 laws. Kal cl : cf. note 272. reraxOai, to range himself. irpd-yiiaTa, 
 troubles. Dem. purposely uses a mild term ; but ^Esch., 57, more strongly 
 says : TWI/ 5t dTux^drcov a.Trdvrwv ^-quaffdivijv alnov yeytvij^vov. airJ> : 
 denotes the point of departure ; not before but only from the adoption of 
 my policy. 
 
 293. irpaTToix^vfl : Schaef. remarks that the departure fr. the regular 
 order, rrj irp. a.pxQ> throws the emphasis upon dpxy- Similar are rds... 
 j3\a<7<pT)v.ia.s eip^/x^fas, 126 ; Trjv...p(t>fj.r]v...virdpxov<rai', 98. On the con- 
 trary, the regular attributive position of the partic. is found in run> 
 eipyafffdvuv.. KO.KWI', 142, where the emphasis falls on fipyaff/j.tvuv. 
 rots &X.Xois means the rest of the statesmen who may have received public 
 rewards. c5 olS" 8rv : cf. note 171. ?P\airr : this he did by asserting 
 that any single individual could make any such arrogant claim. 
 
 (i) 294-290. .EsciiiM.s is ( oNsi-ict'Oirs AMONG TUAITOKS. rt..
 
 2 4 NOTES. 
 
 imripw, But why do I rebuke him for this, when, etc. <f>iXiirfricrp.6v : Lord 
 B. compares "Jacobinism." Cf. 176. The orator has probably in mind 
 the passage fr. ^Esch. cited on p. 100. hr aXr]6ias : cf. note 17. dveXov- 
 ras K \U<rov, taking out of the midst, i. e. leaving out of view. The partic. 
 is purposely left indefinite, agreeing w. the implied subject of <oiret<70cu. 
 Below he becomes more specific by the use of evpotr. us dXi]6s, really. 
 Cf. ws er^pwj, 85. This ws is the same as that used w. expressions of com- 
 parison and the superlative, but is usually not translated before adverbs. 
 
 295. TOVS viropxovras iroXfras, cives suce factionis. Schaef. Cf. note 
 f 174. The historian Polybius, Vol. XVII. 14, criticises the unfairness of 
 Dem. for including in the category of traitors all those public men who did 
 not sympathize w. his policy of resistance to Philip ; and he defends the 
 persons here named on the ground that they availed themselves of the aid 
 of Philip only for the benefit of their respective countries, not for their own 
 aggrandizement. Most of these names are mentioned by Harpocration and 
 Athenaeus, who quote fr. the lost histoiy of Theopompus, and in Plutarch's 
 Lives of Dem., Alex., Phocion and Timoleon. Cicero has imitated this pas- 
 sage in his oration against Verres. 
 
 296. (uapoi, K. T. i. : Kenn. renders these epithets by profligates, para- 
 sites, miscreants. f|Kp<oTTjpia<rp,voi...irpo'TreirwK6Ts...(WTpoiivTs -. Longi- 
 nus praises the cumulative force of these metaphors. r/Kp. = having crip- 
 pled. Lord B. translates irpoir., having toasted away, wpoirivfiv = to drink 
 to something ; e. g. 4>iXt7riry 0tXoT7?(rios irpotiirivev, de F. L., 128. But fr. 
 the custom of bestowing the drinking-cup as a gift upon the person whose 
 health was pledged (cf. de F. L., 139 ; Xen. Cyr., VIII. 3. 35), this word 
 came to signify to give up recklessly. So in Olynth., III., 22 : irpowfrroTai 
 T^J irapavTiKa xdpiros TO. TTJS TroXews irpdy/JUTa. rb pi]Scva...avTwv = in- 
 dependence. fj<rav : the plural by the attraction of the predicate nouns. 
 dvaTTpa<f>oTS : a later form, the correctness of wh. is disputed by some 
 who prefer dpaTeTpo06res. 
 
 (c) 297-305. EECAPITULATION OF HIS OWN MERITS AND SERVICES, 
 
 AS CONTRASTED WITH THE CONDUCT OF THESE TRAITORS. <rvOTCri>S 
 
 ... (catenas. ..irpoSocrtas depend on avalrios. el 8tt pf) Vrjpciv, if one ought 
 not to trifl-e ; i. e. if one ought in all earnestness to call things by their right 
 names. 8ia4>OapevT<ov : gen. absol. dp|a|uvo>v airi <rov, lit. beginning 
 from you, i. e. with you at the head. 
 
 298. |ii : the emphatic position at the head of the sentence should not 
 escape notice. cfuXavSpiomo. Xd^ywv, blanda verba. Diss. 6p.o(ci>s vfJL.iv : 
 Dem. compares his opponents to the tongue of a balance, wh. readily turns 
 to the side of the scale in wh. personal interests are laid as outweighing 
 the interests of the state. utnrep &v : cf. wj &i>, 291. Dem. employs the
 
 NOTES. 341 
 
 same figure in his Orat. de Pace, 12. KCU . TU.V dvOpwirwv irpoords, and 
 standing at the head of the very weightiest interests of the men of my time., 
 or, of weightier interests than any of my contemporaries, -rdv dvOptlnrwv is 
 partit. genit. w. the attributive superlative, though the genit. belongs, in 
 idea to the subj. of the verb TreiroXirevfjiai. Similar arc airAvTuv ^vdo^orara, 
 65 ; &v...Kpdn.ffra, 320. 810. ravr': this claim is as just as it is elo- 
 quent. The honesty of Dem. stands unquestioned, in spite of the asper- 
 sions of his enemies. 
 
 299. 8v ..Sit'o-vpts : for the language of ^Esch. see the citation on 
 pp. 125, 126. |>v : for this genit. cf. note 28. irdppco p^vroi, K. T. c., 
 but, of course., I place these far below my political measures. ow XiGois, 
 K. T. c. : to bring out the rhetorical emphasis, follow the Greek order in 
 translating. ovS* &irl TOVTOIS...<|>POV, nor of my transactions do I pride 
 myself most upmi these. iroXis...T<Jirovs...Xip<'vas : in 230, 237, Dem. 
 enumerates these allied states, friendly territories and harbors. iroXXovs is 
 bracketed by some Editt. as an interpolation, and placed by others just 
 before roi)s inrtp. With V. we may take it as belonging to both tWoi'S and 
 robs . . .dfwvo^vovs (= i-evovs), since, in 237, Dem. speaks of a large accession 
 gained by himself of both cavalry and mercenary troops. TOVTWV, the 
 Athenians. TOVS. . .dpLvvofw'vovs : taken substantively. With the sentiment 
 of this passage may be compared the apothegm of Lycurgus found in Plut. 
 Lycurg., I. 9 : OVK SLV ttrj dreix"'"'' 05 ""6Xj TJTIS dvSpdffi nal ov ir\lvOois tffTj>d- 
 vurai. Wh. cites in illustration the well-known ode of Sir W. Jones, com- 
 mencing : " What constitutes a state ? " 
 
 300. irpb, in front of, as a defence. Ileipaiws roxi &OTCCOS : these 
 were enclosed by ramparts and fortifications of stone and wood, as con- 
 trasted w. TTJC xt&paj', wh. was not protected in this way. dorews is the 
 usual Attic for Acrrt os. rots Xo-yiorjiois, in tactics ; dat. of respect. Notice 
 the emphasis of tyu as contrasted w. 4>i\iirirov. TTJ TV\Q : and yet, ace. 
 to Diod., XVI. 88, the Athenians, after the battle of Chaironea, condemned 
 Lysicles, their own general, to death, on the accusation of Lycurgus. 
 
 301. ovic...irpopaX&r9ai : the orator, having spoken of the general aim 
 of his measures, now proceeds to particulars. The topics here presented 
 have been treated before in 230, 240, 241. *K 0aX<rm]s : -f. note 
 230. TOVS opwJpovs, sc. Megara, Corinth, Achaia. rf|v <riTOTro|rtrav : 
 cf. note 87. For a similar anticipation in the construction ef. Dem. <. 
 Conon, 17 : rds dvayKalas wpo(j>d(r(t.s STTWJ /j.q /neifous yiyvwmai irpofidovro. 
 iropd irdcrav <J>iXav, sc. -^(l)pa.i>, along a territory throughout friendly. 
 
 302. TO. (Jtiv...Ta 8', sonic .. .others. virapxovTwv, and to preserve some 
 of those belonging to our side; cf. note on virdpxovTO.^, 295. roiavra, 
 such tilings, i. e. as would preserve these allies. npOK<5vvii<rov : this island 
 16
 
 242 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 was in alliance w. Athens in 362, when it applied to the Athenians for aid 
 against Cyzicus. Xcppoyijorov : cf. 80. T^vtSov : this island was im- 
 portant as commanding the entrance to the Hellespont. rd 8': obj. of 
 jrpdl-a.1 and subj. of virap&i ; in apposition w. it are the names following. 
 Bvdvrw>v : cf. 87. "Aj3u8ov : Abydos was, ace. to Dem. c. Aristocr., 
 158, in constant enmity w. Athens. Etf|3oiav : the genuineness of this 
 word has been suspected, because Eubcea has just before been mentioned 
 as a part of the Attic fortifications. Here, however, Dem. is speaking of 
 alliance. Cf. 79; A. Schaef., II. 396 ff., 457 ff. wv 8' IveXewre = a ov x 
 {m-Tjpxe. Diss. The verb is impersonal. 
 
 303. Kal...Kal, both. ..and. "The icai emphasizes the connection of 
 plan and execution, for both of which the orator claims equal approval." 
 HOLMES. irope&'vra : Dem. disclaims any crime of negligence, of igno- 
 rance, of treacliery. tXv|j,avTo...dWTp|/av : the injury is represented as 
 repeated or continued, the final act of destruction as momentary. The plu- 
 ral in dverpe^av represents the various agencies named as operating indi- 
 vidually, as well as collectively., 
 
 304. (id vov, only. erroXta . . .' ApicaSla : for the attitude of these 
 states towards Athens cf. notes 63, 64. (Kf^jpr\r &v, would have ex- 
 perienced. S and L. read e^xp^ & v , wh. V. and W. follow, changing 
 ovdels to ovdtves to correspond. 
 
 305. dv 5vTs : the &v gives a contingent force to the whole sentence, 
 but is to be joined directly w. $xo\n>. TWV is added to these pronouns to 
 give them a moi'e definite reference : so many and such blessings as these 
 just mentioned. The boast that Dem. here makes was really well founded, 
 and seems to be justified by the following sentiment, wh. is said 'to have 
 been inscribed upon the pedestal of a statue erected to his memory at 
 Athens : 
 
 Efrrep fatjv pJ}fjL-riv yvtbfjLri, Aij/iixrfleves, x es 
 Ouwor civ 'EXXijj'UH' ^p ev "Ap^j MaxeSwi'. 
 
 iroXX<Z...Xa.TTo<ri xpwjiat, that I make use of statements falling far short 
 of the facts. Xy...ical d.va.'yvioOi : a similar coupling of these words is 
 found in 28, where see note. ravrl : the reference is uncertain, owing to 
 the confused condition of the text. The Editt. of Z. reject the addition 
 TOV dpid/jLov rQv [3o-r)0eiuv /caret t/ma. \j/T]<pi<rna.Ta, wh. is found in most of the 
 MSS., and understand ravrl to refer to certain ^^tV/iora. 2 has for the 
 title of the omitted document or documents : API6MOC BOH6EI8X 
 KATA TA EMA ^H*ICMATA ; but all the other MSS. (quod sciam) 
 have API9MOS BOH6EIQN. From the connection we infer that Dem. 
 calls for the reading of such documents as would show how much Athens 
 had done to assist other states in their efforts to retain their freedom against 
 the machinations of Philip.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 (d) 306-313. DEM. PLACES THE COWARDLY AND UNPATRIOTIC- 
 CONDUCT OF ^EscH. IN CONTRAST WITH HIS OWN. Set : some critics 
 conjecture Ida. in exact response to the question put in 301 : Ti \prfv... 
 Toitlv. v KttTopOov^vwv, K. T. i, in the event of the success of which, ice 
 should beyond a doubt have been pre-eminently great, and justly so, too. For 
 the geuit. ahsol. used in place of condit. clause cf. note 30. p.fyio-rois 
 agrees w. the implied indirect obj. (Tifuv) of vrrjpxfv. With inrjjpxfi' and 
 irpoffTJv many MSS. have Av, wh., however, is not essential in such expres- 
 sions ; cf. note on f^pKei, 196. With TO 5tKO/ws supply fj-tyiffrovs tlnai 
 as subj. of irpoffTjv. us cr^pws : a euphemism for adversely. Cf. 85, 
 212. <ri>|ipdvTv : genit. absol., denoting concession. ircpterri : what- 
 ever we may have lost, there is saved and left over to us from our loss repu- 
 tation and honor. 
 
 307. ov jid Ai* OVK : thus should the patriotic citizen act, and not, by 
 Zeus, no, not, etc. Tiv...tnro<rrdvTa is obj. of /3a<r/ccuWw, and has depend- 
 ing on it \tyew, ypd<pftv, pfrftv. viroffTijitai = to put one's shoulders under 
 the burden in contrast w. diroffrijvai above. jw'veiv lirl TOWTWV, lit. to re- 
 main (resting) upon tJicse ; i. e. to abide by these. Cf. note 17. virovXov, 
 insidious. What is the metaphor ? ow& -y', ana certainly not. The em- 
 phasis of 7^ falls upon r)irvx.ia.v as that of wh. he is to speak further. 8, 
 a thing which. 
 
 308. airXws, openly, honestly ; as opposed to OvovXov above. |w<rrol 
 Tov...XyVTOS, sated of tJie man ivho speaks incessantly. It seems that this 
 was possible even in an Athenian Assembly ! Dem. refers here to himself, 
 as in those times he must have been unusually active in the debates. 
 8v<rKoXov, harassing ; euphemistic, like er^pwj, 306. iroXXo. 8t ravOpw- 
 iriva, and many are the casualties of human life. Kenn. oKnrep irvev|A*, 
 suddenly, like a gale after a calm, he comes out from his silence as a speaker. 
 Tyler's edition remarks justly that ^<ri'X''aJ must be taken in close connec- 
 tion w. irvev/M, the IK being transitional, as in TI>$\OS tic 5e5op/c6ros, Soph. 
 0. T., 454. t<p&vi) is the gnomic aor., the tense expressing the suddrmx-x-i 
 of the appearance. ire4>wvacrKT]Ku>s, irtf.lt well-trained voice. <rwlf>i, //- 
 xfrliiys tlicse together clearly and wit/wut talcing breath. Cf. notes 280. 
 TU Tvxbvri : to some one or other of his fellow-citizens. 
 
 309. tfiiroptov KaraaiccuVjv, arrangements for commerce ; by obtaining 
 foreign markets and entrepots for Athens. diro8ix9i<riv, undisguised. 
 
 310. TovTi>v...^Tewris : the sense is, all this served as the test for 
 patriotic conduct. TOIS &vo> \povois means the earlier times of the Repub- 
 lic, in contrast w. 6 ira.pf\6uv XP^OS, the period just past. diroS(cis, op- 
 portunities to prove one's self. kv ols, i. e. iv fodpafft KaXofs icdyaffois, from 
 the collective sense of dvSpl before. <J>aWj<ri -yc-yovws, you will manifestly
 
 244 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 have been. By the use of the future the speaker places himself in advance 
 of his own time, and expresses the verdict that posterity will pronounce 
 upon the character of vEsch. oirooroo-ovv, lit. the any-eth whatever. The 
 part, or* corresponds to the Latin -cunqiie. cm -y" fe> K. T. I., certainly 
 not tJicn connected with what advanced the interests of our country. 
 
 311. oiKeicjv : all the departments of public service are named here : 
 domestic, Grecian, foreign. c:rr]v<6p0a>T<u, has been improved. The addi- 
 tion of Sia <rt in the Z. edition is wanting in the best MSS., weakens the 
 sentence, and is superfluous in connection w. ^Treo-njs and <rov irpd^avros. 
 iroiai has a sarcastic force : ivhat sort of? As predicate in all these ques- 
 tions we readily supply yeyovacri ffov irpdavTos fr. the first sentence. 
 A similar passage is found in Dinarch. c. Dem., 96. On its rhetorical 
 power Dissen remarks : " Est autem magna et insiguis vis in hac singularum 
 rerun) enumeratione et toties repetita interrogatione." TIS.. Portia \pi\- 
 JXO.TWV, what financial help of a, political and public nature Juivc you ever 
 (jiven either to the wealthy or -to the poor? "The poor were benefited by 
 the alterations wh. Dem. effected in the regulations for the trierarchy ; 
 the rich by improvements in the administration of the revenues." Wh. 
 
 g 312. & TO.V = & Xcptrre; rav is probably an old dialectic vocative of 
 TV or TWT; = <ru with v, the old ending, originally /x of the first person, 
 added. Cf. tywv. Dem. puts the following rejoinder in the mouth of 
 his opponent : well, but if I performed nothing of all this, yet I mani- 
 fested the right spirit, did I not ? 'ApioroviKos : the same one men- 
 tioned in 83. els T^|V tmTijiiav = e/s rrjv rijs tTriTifjdas dvd\-r)-j,tv. 
 Cf. note 288. It appears that Aristonicus had fallen through insolvency 
 into dri/jiia, that to enable him to regain his lost rights of citixenship his 
 friends made a collection for him, but that he expended for the benefit of 
 the state the money thus contributed. TWV ^IXwvos. . .xp^HaTeov, the prop- 
 erty of Philo, your brother-in-law. irXtiovwv, sc. SVTWV : some MSS. and 
 many Editt. read irfrre raXdvrwv ; then xp^dTuv is taken as a partit. 
 genit. (more tlwun five talents of the property, etc.), and it is to be inferred 
 that Philo left an estate of extraordinary value. ifpdvov Swpedv, a present 
 made, by a joint contribution. TWV fyepovov : cf. 103. j>* ols t\w- 
 P.TJVCO, for fJie damftge you did to the law of the Trierarchy. Just in what 
 way and when ^Esch., as advocate of the wealthiest class, crippled this law, 
 we have no data fr. wh. to determine. 
 
 313. X-'yov ^K \6yov, by speaking of one thing after another. eKKpovo-w, 
 lit. beat or drive myself out of the present (opportunity). This he says with 
 respect to the shortness of the' time still left him for the remainder of his 
 speech. TOVTOIS ols : masc., meaning the Macedonians. veavtas, vigor- 
 ous. "Youth as the type of (1) vigor or (2) violence appears in the uses of 
 veavia j and all its derivations, as the Lexica abundantly testify. " TYLER.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 245 
 
 XapnrpcJs, brilliant. When did you condescend to akinc ? The epithet 
 may, however, be more directly applied to his voice, as below in Xa/tirpo- 
 ^wi/oTaros. T|vtK* &v...8T], sc. irpdrrew : many MSS. read fiirtlv either 
 after av or after TOVTUV. 0OKpivr|s, ace. to Harpocr., was a yvKO<(>j.vr^. 
 Diss. explains the allusion thus : like this notorious informer and slan- 
 derer, .iEsch. pretends to commiserate the fate of those who fell victims to 
 his own intrigues ; as e. g. when he deplores the fate of Thebes and of 
 Phocis. 
 
 (e) 314-320. DEM. COMPARES HIMSELF AND ^Escn. WITH THE 
 
 PUBLIC MEN OF THE PRESENT AND OF FORMER TlMES. |U|Mn)<rcu : in. 
 
 addition to the citations fr. ^Esch. given below, see also those given in con- 
 nection w. 208. -r?|v...0votav xnrdpxowav : for the position of the partic. 
 cf. note 293. irpoXajJovra, taking advantage of, turning to his own ac- 
 count. 
 
 315. wirrri, tliere is a certain lurking (inrb). TOVS rcOvcwras : the 
 sentiment " Nil mortuis nisi bonum " finds abundant illustration in all 
 literature. So Thuc., II. 45 : TOV yap OVK 6vra airas ftwdev tiraivetv. 0#<>o5 
 yap TOIS fwtrt Trpds TO dvriiraXov, rb Si /ATJ t/j-iroduv dvairraywulffTtj) euVoici Teri- 
 liofru. Kpivcopu : what use of the mood ? Cf. GMT. 287 ; H. 8C6, 3 ; 
 G. 1358 ; Cu. 511. 
 
 316. oii (i^v .T|XiKas, nay, then, one might not say just how great ; sc. 
 these good services of former times were. ras tirL-.d-yeiv, to subject tlwse 
 that are conferred upon the present generation to thanklessness and contempt, 
 ayeiv implies that he would thus bring these good deeds out of their true, 
 into a false light. For the prep. e?rt Schaef. conjectures irepi, but others 
 defend the use of eirl in the sense of intended for, coming to. (Cf. Funk- 
 haenel in Fleckeisen Ann. Phil., 1858, p. 320.) TOVTWV is understood by 
 some to refer to the Athenians ( = irapa TOVTUV, as it is written in all but 
 two MSS. ) ; by others as neuter referring to the collective n, and objective 
 genitive, thus : the honorable recognition and kindly feeling manifested for 
 this. 
 
 317. tipo. : slightly ironical, as if what he is about to say was already 
 clearly enough understood. rawrd f3ovX.o[Vr|, aiming at the same objects. 
 
 rats, sc. iroXireta /ecu irpoaiptffft. Kar' tKavous : cf. 17. Some MSS. 
 add TOI>S xp6vovs. ol 8ia<rupovTts...8i...firrjvovv : for this irregularity of 
 construction cf. note on wro\a/u/3dwres . . .rovro 8' tupwv, 287. This ana- 
 coluthon doubtless caused the reading of difovpov fdv found in many MSS. 
 and adopted by Dind., Bekk., and others. The antithesis in the idea is 
 brought out more forcibly by the inversion of the order of subj. and obj. 
 
 318. QSeX(j>os : jEseh. had two brothers, Philochares, who was distin- 
 guished for military service (jEsch. de F. L., 149), and Aphobetus (Dem.
 
 246 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 dc F. L., 237), who was a somewhat prominent politician. Diss. thinks 
 the orator refers here to the former, but W. thinks to the latter. Vva... 
 tiirw, i. e. than XPTJOT^. In the same vein of sarcasm he calls the entire 
 Macedonian party in 89 ol xP r l a " ro '- T0 s Ka ^' a^ T v, those of his own 
 age. The reflexive refers back to the object TOI> favra. 
 
 319. 6 <&iXdnnwv...dvT|-yopVTo : see Introduction, p. xv, for the 
 singular anticipation of this point by ^Esch. in the extract given below. 
 Philammon, ace. to Harpocration, was a famous Athenian boxer and ath- 
 lete, who was evidently well known to the orator's audience. FXavKOv : 
 Glaucus flourished about 470 B. c., and is said to have gained the prize for 
 boxing twice in the Pythian, eight times in the Nemean, and as often in the 
 Isthmian games. Cf. Pausan., VI. 10. 3. dcr0vrTpos TJv...ainfJi... 
 fipiorra H.a,X6To...rT<j>avo{)TO : the thought by being presented in this two- 
 fold way, first negatively and then positively, is made very clear and em- 
 phatic. ovStva, / shrink from no one ; i. e. from a comparison with no one. 
 So KlvSwov eKo-rrjvai to shrink from danger. Cf. Dem. Lept., 10. But 
 ei<rra/u.cu ovdevi, wh. is the reading of many editt., I yield to no one. Cf. 
 Soph. Philoct., 1042 : vvv d ffoi y enuv fKffr-rjffo/Mai. wv : partit. genitive. 
 Cf. note 298. 
 
 320. <{>a|uXXov : deriv. ? When loyalty to tlie fatherland lay open for 
 competition in common to all. Kpariora = apurra here ; some MSS. read 
 ptXriffTa.. Kal...Kal...Kal...Kal, and. ..not only, but also. ..and. TOVTOIS, 
 i. e. the Athenians. &...a><f>\t : cf. note 288. ?Tpov, anotJicr, i. e. a 
 foreigner, meaning Philip. So in 323 ertpwv refers to the Macedonians, 
 and ^reoos to Alexander. l|ra<ris, sc. ty : here ^eracris does not mean 
 trial, test, as in 310, but rather an inquiry for, demand for ; as if the 
 Macedonian party at Athens were mustering into their ranks the best men 
 they could fa'ud for leaders. Iv Toi...|Arya.s, all of you were in rank 
 grand people, with splendid equipages. Kenn. "In a rocky country with a 
 poor soil like Attica, horse-keeping was a sign of wealth. In fact it was so 
 expensive in Athens, that in the time of Aristophanes it was a ready road 
 to ruin for moderate incomes." Wh. Hence W. thinks that in the use of . 
 t7T7roTjo60os there lies an allusion to ^Esch. expensive style of living at that 
 time. 
 
 (/) 321-323. THE CONDUCT OF EACH ORATOR AS A PATRIOTIC 
 CITIZEN FINALLY CONTRASTED, rbv <j>v<rei (xtrpiov : Lord B. renders by 
 the citizen of ordinary worth, ^rpiov seems to be used here, as in 10, to 
 avoid giving offence, and = respectable fair. <j>ti<Tei seems to be used in the 
 sense of naturally, i. e. what is in.tJie capacity of human nature, as opposed 
 to the superhuman and the supernatural. So also Professor Tyler interprets 
 it. The phrase then means the reasonably good citizen, <j>u<rei limiting
 
 NOTES. 
 
 247 
 
 " This seems to accord better with the signification of the words 
 and the demands of the context, than the well-disposed citizen, wh. is the 
 reading of Kenn. and Wh., but which is too nearly identical w. eCvoia, one 
 of the things that the citizen must possess." TYLER. dvcm^OovuTarov, 
 least invidious. 4v. . .TCUS ^ov<rtais, when in authority. So Aristot. Ethic., 
 II. 3. 3 : ol fv TCUJ tZovffiais = those who are in supreme authority. Tf|v... 
 n-pocupecriv 8ia<j>vXaTTiv, to maintain for the state her pursuit of wlwi is 
 magnanimous and wJiat promotes her precedence, ri\v ciJvoiav, the spirit of 
 loyalty, sc. 5ia(f>v\d.TTeiv. TOVTOV = rov ei-voeiv. A man has it in his own 
 control whether he will be patriotic or not ; but whether he can increase 
 the power of his country, this often lies beyond his control. TavTt)v = 
 rrjv ffivoiav. 
 
 322. &jaiTov(ivos : cf. note on tl-rrrotifj.^, 41. 'A|i<f>iirruoviKds 8C- 
 Kas : the insertion of ets in S before these words gives the unusual constr. of 
 tirdyeu> nva. th SlKrjv. The precise nature of these Amphictyonic suits is not 
 clear. From the statement of Pausanias, VII. 10. 10, it appears that to the 
 Amphictyonic council was given jurisdiction over any cases of active opposi- 
 tion against Philip, in violation of the articles of agreement made at the 
 Congress of Corinth. A. Schaef., III. 198, understands Dem. to refer to 
 attempts that were made to bring him to trial before this council on a charge 
 of active co-operation in the Spartan revolt, 330 B. c. Dissen thinks Dem. 
 refers to the time when Philip was Amphictyonic general and he (Dem.) 
 was charged with being his open antagonist. Jacobs understands the allu- 
 sion to be to the same time that Alexander demanded the surrender of 
 Dem. just referred to by taiToijfii.evos. OVK tirayycXXofUvwv, not wlicn tJiey 
 made overtures ; alluding to attempts to gain him over by bribes. Most 
 texts have OVK diretXotvrwv before OVK tir., but this, besides being omitted fr. 
 S, violates the exact correspondence of these clauses. irpoo-poXXovrwv, 
 not when they set these accursed wretches like wild beasts upon me. 6pW)v. . 
 SiKatav are in the predicate position and must be rendered accordingly. 
 eepairfveiv is in explanation of btov, and accus. in apposition with it. 
 
 323. OVK *irl |iJv...T<Sv 8i : the force of the negative extends over both 
 parts of the sentence. Cf. ov. . W" WKUTOI. . .^ &, 13. -yrn 6 ^ iP4- 
 Xo^oi...irpoTc(vwv : what a graphic picture of a man who goes about exult- 
 ing and congratulating partisans over some piece of good news just received ; 
 and how vividly the terms irefpticto, ffrtvtav, tctirruv represent an opposite 
 state of mind ! - lictio-c, thither, i. e. to Macedon. 8i p\*irov<ri, and 
 look abroad, with longing hopes of personal preferment at the hands of 
 foreigners. Iv ots ..frrcpos : notice the double antithesis in this brief 
 sentence. 
 
 324. PERORATION, w irdvrts OcoC : the oration closes, as it began, w.
 
 248 NOTES. 
 
 an invocation to the gods. co\cis KO.\ irpowXcis : e gives the idea of 
 utterly, wp6 of speedily, i. e. before they have accomplished our ruin. This 
 expression is a standing form of imprecation. So de F. L., 172 : t%6\r}s 
 diro\oi/j.7iv teal irpowXr)?, and elsewhere. By no means, ye gods, one and 
 all, by no means sanction this conduct ; but above all implant within these 
 men a better mind and purpose ! But if they are indeed incorrigible, cause 
 sitter and swift destruction by land and sea to come upon them, and tliem 
 alone ; and grant to the rest of us a moat speedy deliverance from our im- 
 pending terrors, and an unshaken security ! The impressive and simple 
 beauty of this peroration has won the admiration of all critics. "The 
 music of the closing passage," says Lord B., " is almost as fine as the sense 
 is impressive and grand, and the manner dignified and calm." In marked 
 contrast with most of this criticism is the peroration of jEsch., which 
 alone by itself justifies the famous comparison of ^Esch. style with that of 
 Dem. given by Quintilian : " Plenior ^Eschines, et magis fusus, et grandiori 
 similis, quominus strictus est ; carnis tarnen plus habet, minus lacertorum."
 
 APPENDIX,
 
 ABSTRACT OF THE ORATION OF DSCHINES. 
 
 EXORDIUM. ( 1-8.) ^Eschines complains of the frequent 
 disregard of the ancient regulations concerning the conduct of 
 affairs in the popular Assembly and in the courts, and warns 
 the jurors to maintain well the institution of the ypa<frj irapavo- 
 fjLdiv as the safeguard of popular government, and to remember 
 in this trial that the liberties of all the citizens are committed 
 to their care. 
 
 I. CTESIPHON HAS VIOLATED THE LAW IN PROPOSING TO CROWN 
 DEMOSTHENES WHILE HE WAS STILL ACCOUNTABLE FOR HIS OFFICES 
 AS COMMISSIONER OF WALLS AND TREASURER OF THE THEORIC 
 FUND. (9-31.) 
 
 9-12. The law of accountability provides that no public 
 officer shall be honored with crowns or declarations of praise 
 until he shall have passed the legal examination at the expi- 
 ration of his term of office. This law was aimed at those who, 
 previous to this examination, managed to have preliminary 
 votes of praise or public honors proclaimed for them. It was 
 sometimes evaded by a proposal made prior to the examination, 
 to crown a public official " when his accounts shall have been 
 approved." But Ctesiphon manifests his utter contempt of law 
 in that he proposes to crown Demosthenes without adding any 
 such proviso. 
 
 13-16. But there is another evasion of the law to which 
 the defence will have recourse. The offices to which Demos- 
 thenes was appointed, they will claim, are simply commission*
 
 252 ABSTRACT OF 
 
 or agencies, not magistracies ; and the law applies only to magis- 
 tracies properly so called. But the law declares that all offices 
 whatsoever shall be accounted magistracies ; hence this claim is 
 a wretched piece of sophistry. 
 
 17-24. The argument upon which Demosthenes relies as 
 unanswerable is, that he made donations of his own means to 
 the public, and that he cannot be held to an account, unless one 
 is to be made responsible for his benefactions. But the law ex- 
 empts from giving account no one who has the smallest part in 
 the affairs of the state. This is shown in the case of different 
 officials. The law also forbids the man who has not passed the 
 accounts to dedicate any part of his effects to religious purposes, 
 or in any way to alienate his property. If Demosthenes's claim 
 of having made a donation to the state in the expenditure of 
 money upon the fortifications is valid, why did he not give the 
 customary opportunity of scrutinizing his accounts 1 It is proved 
 that Demosthenes was actually in office at the time that this 
 decree was proposed. 
 
 25-27. While the laws expressly forbid the crowning of 
 one in any office, even of the smallest consequence, before his 
 accounts have been approved, Ctesiphon presumes to confer this 
 honor on Demosthenes when, by virtue of his offices, he was 
 responsible for every kind of public magistracy. 
 
 28-31. By defining the various kinds of magistracies, it 
 is shown that those officials also who are appointed by the tribes 
 come within the intent of the law. Demosthenes was appointed 
 by his tribe ; and therefore this case is clearly a violation of the 
 law. 
 
 II. CTESIPHON HAS VIOLATED THE LAW ix ORDERING THE CROWN 
 
 TO BE PROCLAIMED IN THE THEATRE AT THE GREAT DlONYSIA. 
 
 (32-48.) 
 
 32 - 40. The law of proclamation provides that a crown 
 granted by the people shall be proclaimed in the Pnyx at the
 
 THE ORATION OF ;SCHINES. 253 
 
 meeting of the Ecclesia, never in any other place. But the 
 defence will quote the so-called Dionysiac law, which permits 
 the proclamation of such a crown in the theatre when the new 
 tragedies are exhibited, provided the people so determine by vote. 
 On this law, the defence will plead, Ctesiphon has founded his 
 decree. But this is directly contradictory to the former law ; 
 and with our regulations for inspecting laws, two that are con- 
 tradictory cannot coexist. 
 
 41-45. The purpose of this Dionysiac law was to do 
 away with the abuse of proclaiming in the theatre crowns that 
 were conferred by a tribe or by a deme, and also of announcing 
 the manumission 'of slaves. But this law provides that crowns 
 conferred upon Athenian citizens by foreign states may be pro- 
 claimed in the theatre, after first obtaining the consent of the 
 Athenian Assembly. The Dionysiac law, therefore, has nothing 
 to do with the law of proclamation in the case of crowns con- 
 ferred by the Athenian people. 
 
 46 - 48. That this interpretation of the Dionysiac law is 
 correct, is confirmed by the distinction made between the crown 
 proclaimed in the theatre and that proclaimed in the Assembly, 
 since the former must be dedicated to Athena, while the latter 
 may be retained by the possessor as a memorial for his family. 
 
 III. CTESIPHON HAS VIOLATED THE LAW IN PROPOSING TO 
 CROWN DEMOSTHENES ON THE GROUND THAT HE AIMS CONSTANTLY 
 IN ALL HIS WORDS AND DEEDS AT THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE 
 STATE, BECAUSE THIS GROUND IS FALSE, AND IT IS CONTRARY TO 
 THE LAWS TO INSERT FALSE STATEMENTS IN THE PUBLIC DECREES. 
 EXAMINATION OF THE CHARACTER AND CAREER OF DEMOSTHENES. 
 (49-176.) 
 
 A. 51-53. INSINUATIONS AGAINST THE PERSONAL CHAR- 
 ACTER OF DEMOSTHENES. 
 
 B. 54-176. THE PUBLIC CAREER OF DEMOSTHENES EXAM- 
 INED AND CONDEMNED.
 
 254 
 
 ABSTRACT OF 
 
 (a.) FIRST PERIOD OF DEMOSTHENES'S CAREER, FROM THE WAR 
 ABOUT AMPHIPOLIS, 358 B. c., TO THE PEACE OF PHILOCRATES, 
 346 B. c. (58-78.) 
 
 58 61. Demosthenes is responsible for the peace of 
 Philocrates. By precipitating the negotiations connected with 
 this peace, without waiting for the return of our deputies, he 
 prevented the allies of Athens from being parties to the peace, 
 and betrayed Cersobleptes, king of Thrace, the friend and ally 
 of this state, into the hands of Philip. 
 
 62 74. A more particular description of the manner and 
 means by which these results were secured, through the co- 
 operation of Demosthenes with Philocrates. 
 
 75 78. The conduct of Demosthenes is disgraceful in 
 flattering the envoys of Philip ; is shameless in pretending that 
 the death of Philip was foretold him by a divine vision ; is heart- 
 less in so speedily forgetting his grief for the loss o'f a child. 
 
 (b.) EXAMINATION OF THE SECOND PERIOD OF THE CAREER OF 
 DEMOSTHENES, FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE PEACE OF PHI- 
 LOCRATES, 346 B. c., UNTIL ITS END, 340 B. c. ( 79 - 105.) 
 
 79 83. The disastrous results of the peace of Philocrates 
 are chargeable to Demosthenes, since he and Philocrates were 
 the first movers and supporters of the peace. In order to free 
 himself from this charge, he inveighs against his colleagues in 
 the embassy and against Philip, thus procuring the condemna- 
 tion of Philocrates, and gaining for himself the reputation of 
 being a patriot. 
 
 Demosthenes is disposed to cavil about small points. 
 
 84 105. Examination of the boast of Demosthenes, that 
 in gaining the Eubreans and Thebans as allies he surrounded the 
 city as with walls of adamant. First, as to the alliance with the 
 Eubosans. The generous conduct of Athens in freeing Euboea 
 from the occupation of the Thebans was basely requited by the 
 inhabitants of Chalcis in attempting tc destroy the Athenian
 
 THE ORATION OF ^ESCHINES. 
 
 2 55 
 
 forces that came to assist Plutarch, the tyrant of Eretria. This 
 attempt was headed by Callias (whose praises Demosthenes is 
 bribed to sing), and was a failure. Callias, with whom we 
 became reconciled again, afterwards contrives (by lavishing gold 
 on Demosthenes) to obtain an alliance for Chalcis with Athens, 
 by which Athens was obliged to take up arms on every occasion 
 in defence of the Chalcidians. Callias and Demosthenes con- 
 trive to defraud the state of the contributions from Oreus and 
 from Eretria, amounting to ten talents. This fraud was perpe- 
 trated under pretence that great preparations were in progress 
 for a general attack of all the Peloponnesian states upon 
 Philip, and that these Euboean cities should use the tribute 
 ordinarily paid to Athens to equip themselves for participation 
 in this attack. Bribes influenced Demosthenes to aid these 
 schemes of Callias. 
 
 (c.) THIRD PERIOD OF THE CAREER OF DEMOSTHENES EXAMINED, 
 
 FROM THE CLOSE OF THE PEACE, 340 B. C., TO THE BATTLE OF 
 
 CH^RONEA, 338 B. c. ( 106 - 158.) 
 
 106-136. The offence of Demosthenes against the sanc- 
 tuary of Delphi in the affair of the Locrians of Amphissa. 
 (1.) The account of the destruction of the port of Cirrha and of 
 the consecration of the Cirrhnean plain. (2.) The Locrians of Am- 
 phissa restore the harbor and cultivate this district, in violation 
 of the mandate of the god. Demosthenes is bribed by the Am- 
 phissians to defend their impiety before the Arnphictyonic Coun- 
 cil. (3.) In this Council the Araphissians charge Athens with 
 sacrilege in depositing certain shields in a new temple at Delphi 
 before it was finished. ^Eschines, as the Athenian deputy, de- 
 fends the city, and in turn charges the Amphissians with sacri- 
 lege. (4.) The Amphictyonic Council resolves on the spot to 
 punish the Amphissians. A conflict between them ensues, in 
 which the latter come off victorious. A resolution is passed by 
 the Council calling a special session to provide means for pun-
 
 256 ABSTRACT OF 
 
 ishing them. (5.) Demosthenes contrived to have a decree 
 passed by which the Athenian deputies were forbidden to meet 
 with the Amphictyons at this extraordinary session. (6.) In 
 this session it was resolved to undertake a war against the 
 Amphissiaus. A tine was imposed upon them ; but since it was 
 not paid, a second expedition was made, when Philip was on his 
 return from the Scythian campaign. Of the leadership in this 
 holy war Athens was deprived by the corruption of Demos- 
 thenes. (7.) Demosthenes has involved the state in numerous 
 calamities. Since he first assumed the administration of affairs, 
 Thebes has been destroyed, the Lacedaemonians brought under 
 the subjection of Alexander, and Athens, once the common 
 refuge of the Greeks, forced to contend for her existence. 
 
 137-158. The alliance with Thebes considered. (1.) It 
 was not Demosthenes, but the common danger from the prox- 
 imity of Philip, that united Athens and Thebes. (2.) In the 
 negotiations for this alliance Demosthenes committed three 
 capital offences against the state : First, he made Athens assist 
 in placing all Boeotia in the power of Thebes, caused Ath- 
 ens to bear two thirds of the expenses of the war conjointly 
 waged, gave the command of the land force entirely to Thebes, 
 and divided the control of the fleet. His second offence con- 
 sists in taking away the proper authority of our Assembly 
 and Senate, by giving the magistrates of Boeotia a share in 
 all councils. His third and most heinous offence is that, by 
 opposing the Theban magistrates in their desire to conclude a 
 peace with Philip, to which the latter was also himself inclined, 
 he is responsible for the disastrous results of the battle of 
 Chseronea. In crowning Demosthenes you crown the author 
 of this slaughter, you perpetuate your own disgrace, and you 
 recall to mind the misfortunes and sufferings of the wretched 
 Thebans. 
 
 (d,) FOURTH PERIOD OF THE CAREER OF DEMOSTHENES EXAM-
 
 THE ORATION OF ^SCHINES. 357 
 
 INED, FROM CH*:RONEA, 338 B. c., DOWN TO THE PRESENT MO- 
 MENT, 330 B. c. ( 159-176.) 
 
 159 - 167. After the battle Demosthenes fled from the city, 
 under pretence of collecting taxes. Upon his return he was full 
 of fear. While he was not allowed by you to apj>end his own 
 name to any decree, he procured through others the passage 
 of decrees honoring the murderer of Philip. He ridiculed Alex- 
 ander, when at a distance ; but when sent on an embassy to 
 him, while he was investing Thebes, afraid to proceed further 
 than Mount Cithaeron, he ran back to Athens. And finally he 
 sold himself t > Alexander, as is shown from his neglect to 
 improve three occasions for opposing him. 
 
 168-176. Demosthenes is shown to be neither a friend 
 of free government nor a patriot, when the proper tests are ap- 
 plied to his life and character. 
 
 IV. CONSIDERATIONS DRAWN FROM PRECEDENTS WITH REFER- 
 ENCE TO THE CROWNING AND TO THE MODE OF CONDUCTING THIS 
 TRIAL. (177-214.) 
 
 177-190. In the most illustrious period of the republic, 
 when the citizens displayed the greatest merit, public honors 
 were sparingly bestowed. To confer honors frequently is to 
 make them cheap. 
 
 191-214. In former times there was much greater rever- 
 ence paid the laws, and much greater severit}' in trying indict- 
 ments for illegal decrees. Precedents were not cited by way 
 of justifying violations of law. Even friends brought prose- 
 cutions against friends, in every case in which the state was 
 injured. The question how far a citizen may honestly and 
 regularly plead for an offender is considered. 
 
 A law should be passed forbidding the employment of advocates 
 in suits for illegality, as the merits of such suits are not vague. 
 The jurors are cautioned against any attempt on the part of 
 Ctesiphon to evade the real issue. /Eschines reviews the order
 
 258 ABSTRACT OF 
 
 he has pursued in his speech, and charges the jurors to oblige 
 Demosthenes to follow the same method in his defence, and to 
 hold him rigidly to the points in question. Demosthenes will 
 wail, revile, and swear, and all for the sake of a crown and 
 proclamation. Ctesiphon and Demosthenes, while pretending to 
 have no concern for themselves, express grave apprehensions for 
 each other, and ought therefore not to be acquitted by their 
 common judges. 
 
 V. ANTICIPATIONS OF CERTAIN CHARGES ABOUT TO BE MADE 
 
 BY HIS OPPONENT. . ( 215-229.) 
 
 Demosthenes will charge me with criminal silence, and with 
 bringing a prosecution against his whole administration at this 
 late day, after having neglected to impeach him at the time of 
 his misdeeds. My silence has been owing to my life of absti- 
 nence, while, 011 the contrary, his speaking has been prompted by 
 a desire for money to expend upon his extravagant indulgences. 
 Besides, to speak occasionally is a proof that a man engages in 
 public life as necessity requires ; but to harangue from day to 
 day shows that he makes debating a trade. As to the second 
 charge, he cannot have forgotten how publicly I convicted him of 
 impious conduct with respect to the Amphissians, and of corrupt 
 practices in the affairs of Euboea ; and we can never forget how, 
 as was shown by me at the time, he defrauded the city of sixty- 
 five ships, when the armament of three hundred had been in- 
 trusted to him. His comparing me with the Sirens would come 
 with better grace from a man whose only instrument is not his 
 tongue. 
 
 VI. RECAPITULATION OF THE MAIN POINTS OF THE ARGUMENT. 
 (230-259.) 
 
 (1.) 230-235. The illegality of the decree, the character 
 of Demosthenes, the reputation of the judges for consistency 
 and honesty, and the safety of the republic, demand the convic- 
 tion of the defendant.
 
 THE ORATION OF ^SCHINES. 
 
 259 
 
 (2.) 236-240. Neither the clause that he surrounded the 
 city with excellent fortifications, nor the general statement of his 
 merits as a statesman, furnishes good reason for crowning him. 
 For in building the fortifications he did the city no genuine 
 service, since it was he who made them necessary. And the 
 general statement is untrue ; of which fact new proof is fur- 
 nished by his diverting the seventy talents sent by Persia from 
 the public service into his own coffers. 
 
 (3.) 241 - 254. Demosthenes should not be suffered to 
 speak his own praises. To crown him would be to disgrace the 
 brave men of old who were crowned for their valor, and the 
 memory of those who fell in battle ; and would corrupt the 
 youth by setting a pernicious example before them. Men who 
 are so ready to lay claim to loyalty and patriotism must be 
 required to produce evidence of their merit. The republic is 
 endangered by the pretensions of these men, which serve them 
 as a cloak for their schemes. 
 
 (4.) 255 - 259. The judges are exhorted to confer their 
 honors with a scrupulous delicacy, and not to be influenced by 
 the arrogant pretensions of Demosthenes. Solon, Aristides, 
 Themistocles, and the heroes of Marathon and Platoea, are 
 appealed to as arrayed against the villany of Demosthenes 
 and of his associates. 
 
 VII. PERORATION. ( 260.) 
 
 If I have not spoken as I wished, I have spoken as I could. 
 Do ye decide what is just and beneficial to the state, not only 
 from what has been said, but also from what has been left 
 unsaid.
 
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