UC-NRLF METHOD GASPEY-OTTO-SAUER. KEY TO THE SERVIAN CONVERSATION GRAMMAR BY WOlSLAV M. PETROVITCH, in LONDON. DAVID MUTT (A. G. Berry), 212 Shaftesbury Avenue, W. C. DULAU & CO., 37 Soho Square, W. SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., 100 Southwark Street, S.E. NEW YORK: BRENT ANO'S, Fifth Avenue and' 27th Street. THE INTERNATIONAL NEWS COMPANY, 83 and 85 Duane Street. G. E. STECHERT & CO., 151155 West 25th Street. E. STEIGER & CO., 25 Park Place. BOSTON: RITTER & FLEB3E, formerly C. A. KOEHLER & CO., 149 a Tremont Street. THE SCHOENHOF BOOK CO., 128 Tremont Street. HEIDELBEH6. JULIUS OROOS. 1914. METHOD GASPEY-OTTO-SAUER. KEY TO THE SERVIAN CONVERSATION GRAMMAR BY WOISLAV M. PETROVITCH. LONDON. DAVID NUTT (A. G. Berry), 212 Shaftesbury Avenue, W. C. DULAU & CO., 37 Soho Square, W. SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., 100 Southwark Street, S. E. NEW TORE: BRENTANO'S, Fifth Avenue and 27th Street. THE INTERNATIONAL NEWS COMPANY, 83 and 85 Duane Street. G. E. STECHERT & CO., 151155 West 25th Street. E. STEIGER & CO., 25 Park Place. BOSTON: RITTER & FLEBBE, formerly C. A. KOEHLER & CO., 149 a Tremont Street. THE SCHOENHOF BOOK CO., 128 Tremont Street. HEIDELBERG. JULIUS GROOS. 1914. PRESERVATION COPYADDF r ORIGINAL RETAINr FEB251994 The Gaspey- Otto -Saner Method has become my sole property by right of purchase. These books are continually revised. All rights, especially those of adaptation and translation into any language, are reserved. Imitations and fraudulent impressions are forbidden by law. Suitable communications always thankfully received. Heidelberg. Julius Groos. Exercise 1. The Creator. The woman. The pear. The name. The brother. The apple. The rain. The ship. God is everywhere. The brother is still there and the sister is already here. Who is at home? The father is at home. The brother and the aunt are there, but the sister and the mother are here. When is the uncle at home? The uncle is at home to-day. Where is the pear and where is the apple? The pear is here and the apple is there. Translation 2. Bor. Kanra. Bpene. H6jE>e. JKiiBOT. Pei. CecTpa. Bor je TBopan,. Ko je TaMO? MaTH (naJKa) je TEMO a je OB^e. Ka^, je bian, KOA Kyke? OTan; je ,a,aiiac MaJKa H TeTKa cy set KOJI; Kyke, a cecTpa je join . niTa je Taaio? KpyniKa je TIMO a ja6yKa je Ko je OB^e? BpaT je join os^e a bxan; je seh TaMO. Conversation. Where is the father? The father is at home. Who is there? The sister is there. And who is here? The aunt is here. When is the uncle at home? The uncle and the father are still at home. What is this? This is a book. What is God? God is Creator. What is a horse ? A horse is an animal. Exercise 3. God's law. Give the bread to the poor. I see the horse. Thou* seest (you see) a workman. Give the * The Servian personal pronoun of the second person singular mu (thou) is rendered throughout our exercises by "you" as "thou" is hardly ever used in English prose. 349544 money to the workman. I speak about the table and (thou speakest) you speak about the knife. The boy is with the father (at the father's). I see the palaces of the kings. The hunt of deer. Deer are animals. Mirko is with the tzar to dinner. I speak (or am speaking) about the castle of the King of Servia. You see the hero and I see the ploughman. I am speaking with the friend and you are speaking with the pupil. What does the Turk fight with? The Turks fight with yatagans. The knife is on the table. Give the money to the workmen. Translation 4. BOJKHJH saKOHH (or saKOHH B6ra). Xjie6oBH cy na CTOjry. Ja B^AHM Kpajta H u,apa. AajTe xjie6a pa/i,HH- ijHMa. Kyna Tprosija (TproBieBa Kyta). Xjie6 je na CT6.iy. Ja rbBOpmf o flBOpOBHMa Kpa^beBa Cp6nje. ^HMe pa^n opaq? Opai ope (pa^a) mryroM. HiiMe ce 66pe TypirH? Typnp ce 66pe jaxaramiMa. r,a,e je Kpa^b Cp6nje? Kpajb Cp6nje je y Be6rpa,ny. TH roBOpnni o TproBny. Conversation. Do you speak Servian? I do not yet speak Servian well. Do you see the lion? I see the lion and the eagle. Who is at the brother's? The King with the professor (teacher) is at the brother's. What does the ploughman work The ploughman works with the with ? plough. Where is the King? The King is in Belgrade. Whom do you see now? I see the King and the Emperor. What do the Turks do in war? The Turks fight in war with yatagans. W'hen is the father at the pa- The father is at the palace to- lace ? day. Exercise 5. I have seen (I saw) the house. Give the grass to the cows. Give me, please, the book and the picture. The rose is the queen of (the) flowers, it is the emblem of beauty and joy. Give the money to the maid. We eat with the spoon and fork. What are you doing now? He has bought a house w^ith a garden. The judge is just. The Voyvoda (Duke) has bought a castle with towers. Where is the servant? I saw (I have seen) the servant at the Voyvoda's. Translation 6. ^ajTe MH xjie6a, MOJIHM sac. Mara (MaJKa) yKpamasa c66y cjiHRana. B^eo can nehaKy c KaiiroM. Ha CT6jiy cy: HOJKeBH, KaniHKe H BHJbyniKe. OTan; je Kyirao OBan;a. can ppKy y BPTV. Ko ce 66n T iHO iirpa c Ma*raoM. ce nrpa c Ma^KOM y c66n. Moja je cecxpa Mnjieea je jre"na JKena. Minima H Jejraii;a cy iene JKene. Ja ^ecTO BHt)aM BdJBO^y c KpajtHijOM (KO.U; Conversation. Have you seen the roses in the I saw roses in the voy'voda's forest (wood)? garden. What does the mother ornament The mother ornaments the room the room with? with pictures and roses. Who is playing with the cat ? My niece and the onaid are play- ing with the cat. W T ho has seen the Book of the I have seen the Book of the Kings ? Queens and the picture of the Tzarina. What are you doing now ? I am painting (working) the picture of the King of Servia. Exercise 7. Fables are useful for youth. This city is large. I was in the city. Youth (is) foolishness, age (oldness) (is) illness (i. e., when we are young; we are foolish, when old we are ill.). The poet sings about love and youth. Modesty is an ornament to girls, wisdom to women. Youth without courage is nonsense. There is no usefulness in my help (aid). To die with (from) hunger and thirst. Idleness is the mother of vice. Man without honour. Give me (some) bread and salt. There is no wisdom without old age. Translation 8. ^bseK 6es nacTH. JleaocT je Mara nopoica. Hena Mynpocra 6es CTapocra. Mara rosopH c Khepjy o CKpOM- HOCTH. IleCHHK H6Ba MJia^OCTH H Jbj6aBH. K6pHCT O.H 6acana je BejiHKa. IlecHHK je pipeo o,a; na^n. ,3, a J Te mnry My^pocTH. B6jrecT npara CTapocT. Conversation. Where is the mother to-day? The mother is in the garden with the daughter. What are you speaking now I am speaking about the mo- about? desty of the girls. Is there any wisdom without There is no wisdom without old old age? age. Is there any usefulness in lies? Lying is a vice. From (of) what did the poet The poet died from hunger and die ? thirst. Exercise 9. Proverbs are the mirror of people's souls. I am speaking about the village and you speak about the field. Give me (some) beer and (some) wine. Have you read the works of Vook Stefanovitch-Karadgitch ? People say the times change; (while) people change with time. The father plays with the children. The children play with the lamb. Is there (any) wine in the barrel? There is no wine in the barrel, but (there is) beer. Wisdom is power, science is might; learn, children, day and night. I saw in the village little pigs, calves, little goats, lambs, foals, etc. In the theatre wonders are often seen. Translation 10. Y. Cp6nJH HeMa jeaepa. TH rbBOpmii o ^yuecHMa ne6eca a yjaK roBopH o comma EL CTa^ioia. Je^na noc.i6- BHija Bejra: speMena ce Meaajy, Me^yTibi MH ce Me&Mao c BpeMeHHMa. jH&ija ce nrpajy na no^by. MH Hfinrra He o ^acy name CMPTH. Brpa npimntaBa .nei Jecxe JIH TOTajiH n6BO JlasapeBHkeBO ,11,0110 Cp6njn? Conversation. What do you see? I see the sky and the sun. What are you doing ? I am playing with the children. Has Servia seas? Servia has neither seas nor lakes. W^hat are you speaking about? W T e are speaking about the Bal- kan Peninsula. Where are the children? The children are in the country. What have you seen in the the- We saw wonders, atre? Exercise 11. How many years did the battle last ? Poor people live in low houses. The stars are for the most part immovable bodies. The mother works with the dili- gent daughters. The daughters ornament the tables with blue violets. Diligent students afford their parents much pleasure. The good children play with the lamb. The shepherd returned home with his little herd. I embellished the large room with blue panes. I received your (thy) short letter. The rich merchant who lives in the large house in the broad street has a miserable brother and sister. In this house on the square live many old people. In ancient times the Roman Empire was what the Russian Empire now is: but in the ancient Roman Empire there were by far many more inhabitants than in the present Russian Empire. Translation 12. y^OBHija ji;66por Ilexpa ^a^e CHponaxy K6Ma.ii; xjze6a. IIlTa pa^H ,a;o6po ,a,eTe y BejrarcoM Bpxy? KOE> HMa .aeny ivraBy, ^yra^KO (Ayro) TCJIO H Bnc6Ke BHTKC n6re. Xp^aBa ce ,u,ejia Kasne CTponiM KasnaMa. SHMCKC cy HOnH HCCTO ocBeT^bene nojiapnoM CBeTJioniny. Y Jienoj yjaKOBOJ c66n HMa MHoro peTKHX CTBapn. Ja nosnajeM BJJJIO Bkmer ciapor iipiijaTe^ba. OH naM n6Ka3a ca CTBOM BHCOKy c66y. Mn CMO Ty CKopo ^HTajra HHTepecanTHy npiiqy o je^- HOM MJia^OM TJ3roBii,y. EHO BwcbKe Kyte <5oraTor $pan- n;y3a. f He^a ce iirpaxy na ^yra^KOJ yjTHii;H. BoraTH Jbyw y Baponm roBOpaxy ca ciapnM HOBeKOM o peTKHM CTBa- Moj ,ii,66pH cxapn 6'rau. MH nanaca (nticao) je^no iipiijaTHO HHCMO. CTapn napoAH o6omaBaxy Meceij, 3Be3ji,e H npapo^He CHjie. Y ceBepHHM seM^baMa r^e Tpajy HCKOJIHKO Mecen,]!, Meceu, H 3Be3^e ocBei^baBajy Conversation. What did you see on the shores On the shores of the French of the French rivers ? rivers we saw high and magni- ficent castles. Which books has the pupil The pupil bought many good bought? books. 8 What has the good father pre- The good father presented his sented his diligent children diligent children with many with ? toys. How is the weather now? The sky is covered with grey clouds. What did you read to-day in the We read of the diligent work- new book? men, who worked in the large house of the rich merchant. With what do the diligent in- Various works occupy the in- habitants of this large town habitants of this large town. occupy themselves ? Who gave thee this large piece The poor workman's wife gave of good bread? me this large piece of good bread and that glass of ex- cellent wine. Exercise 13. The rich merchant arrived yesterday from his long journey; he was for a long time in Belgrade. Children, keep away from the bridge; it is dangerous to pass over bridges. To-day I dine at the neighbour's. The interesting tale of the brave hero pleases me very much; it is agreeable to listen to it. This dictionary is for the diligent student and these interesting books are for his young sister. Give, for Grod's sake, some bread to the poor workman! Yester- day there was a great storm on the lake. Belgrade is situated on the rivers Save and Danube. I saw the King through . the window. Translation 14. Ja OTiryxoBax HS Beorpa^a H cpekno npncnex y Xaj- ji,eji6epr. KOJIHKO nna KimoMeTapa o,a; Be6rpa,a,a ,11,0 Bep- jiHHa? Beam (or 6ejKHTe) oft Ba/rpe! JJanac fry py^aTH KO.II; y^Hiejba. Hjurre, MO.IHM Bac, K Bpiapy H peijHTe MV ,na fto^e cyxpa. Onacno je npe^asHTH npeno MocTOBa. T^e CH ce o^Mapao, y co6n HJIH no^; .upBeTOM? 0^.- Mapao can ce no^; xpacTOM. Tnija JTCTH npeKO Tpra. HMa je^na c66a 6e3 nposopa. npnjaTHO je cjiyniaTH npime. CecTpa ce ^yro M6jiHJia npe^ HK6HOM Bo^opOAH^e. KpCT na^e ca ii;pKBeHor Topaa. Conversation. Why did you stay so long (time) I stayed for the sake of my in the theatre? brother. Where did you meet your friend ? On what river is Dresden si- tuated ? When did Socrates live? Who fell from horseback? What fell into the river? W^here did the father go? When did you return from Hei- delberg ? Of what art thou (are you) think- ing now? I met him in the street. Dresden is situated on the river Elbe. Socrates lived in the fifth cen- tury before Christ. A soldier fell from horseback. A hat fell into the river. The father went to take a walk with the mother. I returned two years ago. I am thinking of the fire and thou thinkest of the water. Exercise 15. God, Thou art, Thou wast, Thou shalt be for ever! Where was the child yesterday morning? We do not know where it was yesterday morning, but yesterday evening it was in the forest. The neighbour has a son and a daughter. We have a cat and a dog. You have no dogs. They had many dogs. I too have some dogs. To-day I am at home, and you will be at home to-morrow and the day after to-morrow. What have I? You have nothing. In summer we shall be in the village, but in winter we are always in town. We have a house in the country and he has one in the city. She has much money. Have you any money? Translation 16. Bor jecie, 6110 je (6eme) H 6iike BeiHTO. Fji;e te 6HTH p6^HTe^BH iipeKO-cyTpa? F^e CTC 6Hjra jyie y jyTpy? Bania cecxpa 6enie KO,H Kyke H pene MH: Moja ie ce cecipa Bpa/raTH ^oBe^e; ona je ca^a KO,H cBOJe MaJKe (Maiepe). Ona je fiCTHny peKJuP^ja caM 6njia TaMO. Ja HMaM xjie6a (part, gen.) a TH imam Kopny. r,a,e tie (>HTH npftjaTejbH? OHH te 6nTH y spTy. MH 6ricMO 6iijra jyTpoc y myMH Ka^; 6ncTe H BH 6njiH TaMO. Kaji, te 6paT H cecxpa 6HTH KOA Kyke? BH iiMaie MHOFO nnnjaTe^ba. BH iiMa^acxe je,a,Hy Kyty y Baponin. Jyne 6eme (je 6njio) BJOJIO TOHJIO, ji,aHac je TaKO^e T6mro, a MHCJIHM ,na te H cyipa 6nTH 10 Conversation. Where was your father to-day? He was here to-day, and to- morrow he will, probably, leave for Heidelberg. Do you see the castle of the Yes, I see it. Servian King ? Have you seen yesterday the I was in the city and I did elephant in the village? not see the elephant. Htave you (got) a knife? I have no knife. Has the teacher been at your Yes, the teacher is with us (at home ? our home). Have you seen the poet? Yes. (Servian: I am, i.e., I have.) Hast thou the book? Yes. (Servian: I have.) Exercise 17. What are you doing to-night? We are not doing anything. W T hat do the pupils think? They think they know all the sciences. They boast of their success. What are the children doing so willingly? They are listening to the teacher's words. What is the pigeon doing? It is flying in the air and jumping on the branches of the tree. Do you believe what I related to you? I believe, as you never tell lies. God protects the poor. He does not believe what he now says. The cook prepares dinner and the fisherman catches fish. Why dost thou not smoke? Because my parents told me that smoking is prejudicial to health. The bird is singing. Do you sing also? The children were singing yesterday and we are singing to-day. I would sing if- 1 had time. When are you going to sing ? We will sing to-morrow. Translation 18. IllTa pa^HTe TaMO? Ja pa^HM a BH He pa,a;HTe miiiiTa. OH MHCJIH ^a sna cue HayEe H XBajiHiiie ce HenpecTaHO CBOJHM ycnecHMa. MH pa^o cjxymaMO icaa BH HeuiTO npn- na r re. HlTa cie pa,a,HjiH jy^e? He seaMO. Ja liy laHac a BH hexe o,nroB6pHTH cyxpa HJIH npeKO-cyTpa. , .n^Te, Kaji, JqHTejfc npitaa. Cfipaica CKkKyTame no rpanajia .upBeia H KpeKeTanie (chattered) HenpecTanp, a raspaH ce^auie Miipan H kyTanie. IllTa TO pan,iira npii- HJIH Bajbji.a He Bepyjem HITO TH roBOpHM? ynnTa CBpaKa. - - Je^Ba BepyjeM o^roBOpn raBpan, jep KO 6{)6jba TaKO MHOUO Kao TH, r raj 6ea cynae H MHOFO ji 11 Conversation. What are the children doing? The children are singing. Where were you yesterday even- We were in the theatre. ing? Who was singing yesterday My sister was singing while you while I was speaking? were speaking. Who will distribute the money The sister and the mother will amongst the workmen? distribute the money. Who protects the poor? God protects the poor. With whom are you going to I shall speak to-morrow with the speak to-morrow ? master. Who is smoking in the room? The father is smoking. Did you write to the father? I did. (Servian: I have [am].) Exercise 19. He who does not speak the truth is not an honest man. Sir, you are wrong. Have you seen the queen's horses? At what time were you at home yesterday evening? I was at home at eight o'clock. Where are your books ? The books are on the table. I was never in Belgrade. Have you ever seen Berlin? I have not yet seen the capital of the German Empire. Has not the master been with the Princess last night? No (He has not). Have you read the Book of Death? Yes. When I have time, I sing. The sister would not yet have come home if she had not met the neighbour's daughter. Do you believe that the child was telling the truth ? I do not know (I know not) ; but if he had lied, I would no longer believe in his word. Translation 20. Hiicie Jin roBbpnjiH c paTHHijHMa? He, MH HHCMO c paTHimnMa. ToBopuM JIH o cxojiy MJIH o cii- Ja ne rbBOpHM o CTfrjiy, a TH He BH^HIU ciojiOBe. JIH yqHTe.zb yieHHKe? He, y^HTe^b He xsajra y HHK6; OH HX KOpH (KY^). JeCH JIH Hp6*IHTaO ni'iCMO? He, ja Hucaw iipd^HTao 6*ieBO HHCMO. BpaT 6n 6no Bpjio aa^OBO.z&aH, Ka,n 6n naiao MHOFO naca H Maqana. 3aniTO HiicTe HHTajiii HHCMO? Jep HCMaM Bpeaiena ^a wxaM nncMa. ^K,ena 6n 6HJia OBAC Aa je H BH He 6ncTe BepoBajm UITO saM roBOpiiM ^a sara npiijaTe4>. Jec r re JIH Beh Bii^ejin cBpany? JOHI Bii^eo CBpaKy ajin can Bi^eo raBp'ana CKaKyTame no rpanaMa 12 Conversation. Do you believe a man who of- One cannot believe such a man. ten lies? Would you like to go to the I would go if I had company. theatre to-night? Could you accompany me? I would gladly do so if I had time. How should I learn Servian the (By) reading and learning by best (which is the best way heart everything that you like. for me to learn Servian) ? What should one specially com- Idiomatic sentences, proverbs, mit to memory? anecdotes, etc. Exercise 21. Do you remember me? I do not remember you, but I remember your elder brother. I shall not forget thee in thy misfortune. He has entirely forgotten me and him. Treat her gently (spare her), she is very unfortunate. Who is going there? That is my brother. No, you are mistaken, that is Alexander. Charles praises you; praise him also! He often writes you letters, but you do not even read them. Here is Rina, she is speaking with them about you. I am wearied without you; come to see us oftener. Have you got my watch ? It is not with me, it is at the watchmaker's. Have you read my book? Yes, I read it, I liked it very much. How much did you pay for it? I did not pay anything, I received it from the master. I received a new hat from my neighbour, but I do not like it; I sent it to your brother. The sheep furnish us with their wool for our clothing and with their meat. You are not sitting on your place, but on mine. Sit on yours. Translation 22. HlTa Ban je npniao ymiTe-ZB o Menu? OH je Ky^no TBOJ cpncKH npeBO.ii;. MOJIHM sac, xokeie JIH pyiaTH ,n,a- nac ca MHOM? Bama Me (xe, ra, jy, nac, sac, HX) najKa nosnaje. r,n,e CTe 6iuH, c seroBOM cecxpoM? Ja caM 6110 y nosopHiirry c aoM, npeciasa joj ce jano ^onajra. MH ce frrpaMO c BaMa H c .neijOM namer cyce^a y spxy Mora yjaEa. HiiCTe ^ojiasmra KOA nac ,a,yro BpeMena, 3aniTO sac Taico pexKO? HiicaM 6no KO,H Kyte, 6no caT c ; 6paTOM no Cp6nJH n iipnoj Topn. MM CMO TOBO- 13 PHJIH c F. HosaKOBHneM o rpd(])y H anroBHM Peu,HTe MH, MOJIHM Bac, r^e cy F. ndnoBHk H atena My? EberoBa jKeua je KOA Moje cecTpe a H>era HiicaM BH^eo. Ja can 6no ca CBOJOM JKCHOM y paHn,ycKy BOJIHM Conversation. Have you not yet been at my No, I have not yet had that home ? pleasure. Have you got time to speak No, my dear, now I have no Servian ? time. From whom are these letters? I know not; I think they are from him. Of what did he relate to you He related to me an interesting so long? history. How are you? How is your Thanks to the Lord, very well; health? and how do you do? Exercise 23. The elephant has a trunk which serves him instead of hands; at both sides of his trunk he has two teeth which furnish us with the so-called ivory. Children whose parents have died are called orphans. Children whose clothes are soiled are not liked by anybody (do not please to anyone). He who is lazy does not succeed in anything. The servant through whom I sent you the letter has returned home. Do you remember the tree in whose shade we rested so often? Do you remember the old countess whose daughters danced with us so much? I remember very well. In these countries the inhabitants occupy them- selves with trade. In that book there are many en- gravings. What were you doing in his room? We were not in that room, sir; we were dressing ourselves in this room. He does not know himself, and yet he thinks very much of himself; he has a high conceit of his person. Had you already seen such a book? I had not yet seen such a book. When did you bathe in that river? That I do not know. Does Mr. N. N. still occupy himself with such a work? Mind your own business, my friend! 14 In winter the inhabitants of this town occupy themselves with such works, and in summer they will occupy themselves with other works. He prepares again for war, for he knows that next summer there will be a war. Dost thou know this gentleman? No, I do not know him, but it seems to me that I saw him in that town. What is that? What do you think of that? Translation 24. To je Taj jreEap c KOJHM ca>i ce ynosnao y Beorpajiy. Ja caM My ,a,ao ony Kaiiry o KOJOJ CTC jynry Kao IDTO je MOJ npnjaTe.Tb jy^e Kynno. KaKBa 6eme TO Eanra? To je je^ea ery^nja o cpncKHM napo^HHM 66nqajHMa. DHCMO Koje can npiiMHO OA CBor npftjaTeJba, jaKO Me o6pa^OBaj[0. ^HJH je OBO nac? KoMe CTe nncajiH: HHCMO? C KHMC je rosopHJia Bama MajKa (Mara)? ^eMy CTC roBopH.in? Koja je 0,3, Bamnx cecTapa 66jiecHa? Jlynaa. KOJH ce o^; Bamnx npnjaTe^ba BpaTHO y AMepHKy? LQTa BGJIH OH? Y KOJOJ CTe c66n 6HJIH? y KOJIIIKO caTft? KaKBa je OBO sima? KaKBor HMa y BpTy? Koja o,a, OBHX KH>nra npimaji,a BameM by? IlosnajeTe JIH icyhy y KOJOJ OHH atHBe? To je c.iHKa Kojy caM noKasao Bamoj ceCTpn. BpT o KOMC TOBO- pHTe npHna.ua MOMC 6u,y. Tnua Koja je oji,JieTejra, jecie y Conversation. How many rooms are there in In this house there are many this house? rooms. To whom does this book be- This book and pen belong to long ? that pupil. When did you return from Grer- I returned from Germany the many ? same year when the war began. Have you already read this I have read it so often that book? I almost know it by heart. Who was in that room? The gentleman whom you saw yesterday in that room is my friend Ivan Petrovich. Exercise 25. I myself have covered the table with papers. God is the father of all men. Say this to nobody, please. With nothing you do nothing. In every village there is a church. In the course of a few months I did not receive a single letter. Russians and Frenchmen love each other. Pushkin's name is celebrated throughout the world. I shall relate, you nothing more. You have not yet (never) spoken with them. This house belongs to himself. Some children are not brave. Thales, a Greek philosopher, said: "The most difficult of all things is to know oneself, and the easiest of all is to find faults with others." We worked with all our forces. Thou wilt walk with her. Each of you knows that the earth turns around the sun. Love God more than all, and thy neighbour as much as thyself. Translation 26. Ja ky ycicopo fiMaTH npfuiHKe ^a ny ce 3a6jraro,a.apHM sa KH>Kre Koje MH je ^ao. EoKpiiTe Kranre H xapraje ne- HHM! HCKO rouopame o Tone ajin HHKO My He sepoBanie. Ja can COM 6no y Baponra. HaJTeate je nosnaTH caMor ce6e. Snaie JIH Teatray name seM^be? Ja HiicaM HfrKa,n,a roBOpno c BE.IIM. Ja TO nety noKasaTH nfiKOMe. CBaKH je ^OBCK CMpxaH. HHKO He Mome peiiH ji,a HHKa,a, nnje rpemno. HeKH ^by,a;H accrae B{MO Ayro. HIIKO naje 6no yxBaten, CBH cy no6erjiH. ^aJTe My Me^n^ny CBaKHx ^,Ba cara. HHJe .nyroBe^HO y CBexy. l !aK H cane Time H BOJie csojy nocTOJCnny. PaAHHn,H rpaji;e neniTO na yjiMii;H H pasrosapajy Met^y COOOM. HeniTO ce pa^n y TBpt)aBH. Ja MtaHM, Ha npOTHB, ,a,a ce y TBpi)aBH HiiuiTa ne pa^,H, jep nncaM HHicora Bnji,eo. Conversation. With what do you cover the We usually cover it with some table ? papers. Has there been nobody at my To-day there have been some house to-day? persons at your house. Have you not heard anything I have heard nothing about it. about that house ? Have you already spoken with No, I have not yet spoken with them (themselves)? them. Who can say that he never Nobody can say that he never erred ? erred. 16 Exercise 27. Are days long in summer? This pen is too soft, it writes badly. Foxes are very swift. The castle of Heidelberg is very picturesque. The warrior, whom we saw on the bridge in the city, is very brave. The pronunciation of the Servian language is not very difficult. The pens, which you bought for me, are expensive, yet bad. Gold and silver are precious metals. My brother has always been lazy. The horse and the dog are very trusty. Russia is very rich and powerful; Germany is over-populated; France is fer- tile; Servia is small, but fertile. Time is more precious to learned men than to ignorants. Berlin is the finest city in Germany. My exercises are more difficult than those of my sister. Silver is more precious than iron, but iron is the most useful metal. Diamond is harder than iron. Great (illustrious) men are usually more modest than ignorants. Dogs are more faithful than cats. Who is elder of you two, yourself or your brother? This wine is by far better than that. Is then your sister younger than you? My sister in by far younger than I, she is the youngest (member) of our great family. Translation 28. y*mTe.zb 6enie aa^OBO^an c y^enHKOM jep je 6no spe- ji,aH. Y JTCTO cy ,a;aira spjio .nyrn. OBO je nepo xp^aBO. Osaj je saMaK jKHBOimcaH. ParaHK, Kora cie m^em na Mociy, Bpjio je xpadap. Jec-re JH m&ejus. 6aTOB^,eB am? HsroBOp enrjiecKor jesuKa je BPJIO TeataK. OKean je Bpjio ,a,y6oK. Ilepa Koja CTe Kynnjin KOJI; samer cycejia Bpjio cy CKyna, na nnaic xp^asa. TBOJ 6paT je Bpjio jieit. Y^iHTe- jbQEQ ii;Hnejie cy cyBiime Tecne (ysane). Bece^HHmTBO ^eMOCT^neBO je cjiaBJbeno no n;ejioj Tpmtoj. Ko 6enie 66;iecaH? He snaM, ja can SApas. CecTpa je xaKO^e 6njia 6ojrecna, ajra caji; je 3^,paBa. Biicie JH 6 cpetHH Ka^ 6f[CTe 6iuH 66raTii? Xohem JIH 6HTH 3aji,OBO^BaH? By^HTe (or 6yji,H) sa^OBO^bnii (or sa Y cecTpHHOM npeso^y HMa MHOFO norpemaKa. Xaj^eji6epra je ,a,BiBaH. ndrjiejii ca ose Kyjre je caT je CTap. CaT KOJH can jy^e Kynno je ciap Bama je Kyka sncoKa, Kyka Earner cyce^a je BHina ajra Kyha Earner npftjaTe^ba je najBHma y ijejioj yjnm,H. ,H,aHac"je specie npujaTHnje nero jyie. Sjiaio H cpe6po cy CKynoueHHJH o,n rBoatt/a ajin je rBomfye KOpncHnje Hero H 3,iaTO H cpe6po. OBO je BHHO Jionraje nero Bo^a. Jyxpo 6eine Jieno ajin Be^e 6eme jienme. Haj6oraTHJH (Jbyjutt) Hiicy VB6K HajcpeliHHJH. IIpocTa cy cpecTBa naj6o.zba. Ilac je BepHHJH nero Ma^Ka. KaMen je TBpt/H 0,11; MeTajia. Ja cam Bpe^HHJH o^; Te6e H oji; aera. Kpasa je KopfrcHHja Hero 6B^a, KOH> je KOpiiCHHJn Hero Kpasa ajiH je HajKO- pHCHHJH C^lOH. PyjKa je Jieniiia o^; jrlie. HajcpehHHJH ^by^H He atime yseK no ^BOpOBHMa H saMKOBHMa. HaJTBpi)H H HajcKyno- n;eHHJH KaMen je AHaMaHT. Haj66^bH ce metep ,a,o6Hja o^; mekepHe TpcKe. Bame je nepo Majo jiooinje nero Moje. je peTHHK 66HHHO CKPOMHHJH nero jieibH. je CTpoatHJn Hero yiHTe.&Hii,a. OBO te BHHO HecpaBBbHBO 66^E>e nero OHO HHBO. Conversation. What is the name of the most The most famous Roman orator famous Roman orator? was, undoubtedly, Cicero. When are days longer, in winter In summer days are incompar- or in summer? ably longer 'and in winter they are very short. Which of these girls is the The merriest of these girls is merriest? the daughter of the lame cap- tain. Is this beer good? It is worse than what he told me. Exercise 29. Fifty-two weeks or three hundred and sixty-five days make a year. A hundred paras make one dinar. In this town there are from forty (thousand) to fifty thousand inhabitants. What does it make altogether? It makes three hundred kilos and twenty grams. Give me one ineter of good cloth, How much does a kilo of butter cost at Paris ? A kilo of good butter costs at Paris from 6 to 8 francs. On the table lay about ten pears and one pound and a half of nuts. I have not even half a dinar. Thou hast three sons and two daughters. In our cow- shed there are thirteen cows, five bulls, seventeen Key to the Servian grammar. 2 18 horses and several. In London there are almost two hundred and forty-nine thousand houses and more than 6!/2 millions of inhabitants. How much is one hundred and thirty-six times two thousand two hundred and twenty- two? One hundred and thirty- six times 2222 is 302,192. Translation 30. MeceijH cainsaBajy (je^ny) roji.HHy. ^erapH ca^naaBajy Mecca;. Y Hamoj HIKOJIH HMa neT Map- .ZBHBHX yqeHHKa. MH CMO jKiiBejm .neceT rdflima y Dapiisy. ,3,aHac je 6100 y EIKOJIH 24 yqeHHKa. Mecen, JVHH HMa 30 .nana. KOJIHKO ere ro^HHa 6njiH y HHOCTpancTBy? Y Bamoj CBecuiH HMa join Tpn,neceT H ,HBa *mcTa jincTa. KO- JIHKO HMa (J)\ f HTH y Tpn KHjiorpaMa? KOJIHKO HMa sani 6paT? H>eMy je qeTp^eceT ro^HHa. CTaje Tpn ^eTEpra (|)yHTe ,a ( 66por eJTHna CTaje ,a;Baji;eceT H ,a,Be nape, MH ABa Meipa upnor cyKHa. 06a,n,Ba 6paTa ce ineTaxy ca MOJHM ^BeMa cecTpaMa. Moj 6paT HMa CTO cej^aM^eceT H neT OBan,a. Y rojumn HMa TpncTa nieceT H neT ^ana, a y npecTynnaj roji,HHH HMa 366 Aana. Jej^anaecT nyxa TpncTa ^HHH Tpn xH^ba^e H xpiicTa. Moj te yjaK njaiHTH niecT xiijBaAa .neseT ciOTHna Tpn^eceT H ce^aM ji,HHapa H napa. Ja HMaM qeTHpn CTOTHHC ^,HHapa. Conversation. How many sons has your uncle My uncle has now five sons. now? Where are your two sisters? My sisters are now in the church. How Ion? have you lived -in I lived in Belgrade for about Belgrade? ten years. How many is 15 X 1125? 15 X 1125 = 16,875. How many is 6 X 9? 6 X 9 = 54. How many weeks make a year ? 52 weeks miakie a year. How many churches are there There are about 25 churches in Belgrade? in Belgrade. How many inhabitants are there There are about 80 to 90 thou- in Belgrade? sand inhabitants in Belgrade. How many Servians are there It is estimated that there are in the Kingdom of Servia, and about 2,825,000 Servians in how many in all other Ser- the Kingdom of Servia, and vian countries? about eight millions in other Servian countries, viz : 19 in Bosnia-Herzegovina 1,829,000 in Kroatia- Slavonia 2,593,000 in Dalmatia 635,000 in Old Servia and Ma- cedonia 2,000,000 in Montenegro 250,000 And how many Servians are In all other countries, together there in other non- Servian with America, there are about countries? 1,000,000 Servians. Exercise 31. The names of Napoleon I., Frederick II., Henry IV. and Louis IV. and immortal in history. The first day of the week is Sunday, the second is Monday, the third is Tuesday, the fourth is Wednesday, the fifth is Thursday, the sixth, is 1 Friday, the seventh is Saturday. Peter I. was elected King of Servia in June, 1903. Easter of the Oriental church falls this year on the first of April (new style), or on the nine- teenth of March (old style). My brother Borissav was born on the 15 th or 16 th of August, 1833. What day of the month is to- day? It is thje 9 th of July (old style) and 21 st of July (new style), 1911. Belgrade, September 12, 1910. The English King James the Second died Sept. 6, 1701. His son-in-law William III. died the eighth of March, 1702. We are living in the twentieth century. The Servian Emperor Duschan the Mighty was also the King of Bulgarians, Albanians and Greeks. In the XIV th century Bulgaria was a Servian province. Translation 32. IIpBH Meceii; y ro^HHH je Janyap, jjpyra e, ji,a Me same tyTaae se6Ma MJ^H. Je JIH Moryke .na caM TaKO 6pso 3a66paB^en? Sap ne M6- HeKOJiHKO MHHjTa #a Me HSBecTHTe o BauieM Ja sac yBepasaM ^;a ce jaKO ^ByTHM. AKO JKC- ,na npOMeHHM cfiSje Miinubeae o saMa nouia^bHTe MH sanie HOBOCTH KaKO 6nx ocTao Baiu ^y6e3HH 6paT H. H. Reading Exercise. The Starling. Maurice the gardener had a starling which knew how to speak la few words. If, for instance, somebody called: "Starling, where art thou?" then the starling answered every time: "I am here!" This bird amused very much little Paul, the neighbour's son, who frequently went to the gardener's. Once Paul called on Maurice when the latter was not at home. The boy caught the little bird, hid it in his pocket, and was just going home, when the gardener entered the room. Maurice wished to amuse the boy, whom ho altogether loved very much, and cried out: "Little starling, where art thou?" Immediately the bird ans- wered from out of Paul's pocket: "I am here!" The little thief was obliged to return the bird, and long afterwards dared not, out of shame, appear before the gardener's eyes. Conversation. Are you satisfied with your new N'o, I am very dissatisfied with lodging? it, it is damp and badly heated. Will you pardon my mistake ? I will pardon you if you promise me that you will never again insult your sister. You have not breakfasted this Indeed I have not breakfasted, morning? Are you not but I am so tired from this hungry? trip of mine that I do not feel any hunger. Would you not like to drink a I am quite hot, and am afraid glass of cool beer? to catch a cold drinking cool beer. Wh|y is it so cold in your room ? I have not ordered a fire to be made. Have you heard nothing about I did not hear anything, although it? I was in the very room. Must I still wait very long for No, you need not wait for him your brother? any longer; I shall tell him that you were here and waited long for him. Have you seen the King and I saw neither the King nor the our good Queen to-day? Queen; when I arrived, it was already too late. Exercise 37. Thank Goodness that you came to us! Now we are saved. Oh, brethren, let us drink for merriness a small 'glass of good wine ! Alas ! our good neigh- bour died and left behind his children, who can hardly obtain their daily bread. Help ! Burglars ! Who goes 24 there? Lord protect us from such friends! Often- times a friend does us more harm than ten enemies ! You are really intolerable with your advice. I shall talk to you a little later. Look out! How can you treat in such a manner those to whom you should be thankful? Come along! Move on more quickly; you are going like a tortoise! To your health! Help, for Goodness sake! the poor child is drowning! Long life to our Grospodar! Wait just a minute! You will see what will happen to you ! Suddenly the door opened : ding-dang- ding ! and our queer fellow entered as if nothing had happened. Oh! why is it not already evening? My .heart aches and is depressed, as if some great. danger were threatening me. Now, you are indeed a good fellow! You promised to come; people are waiting for you, and you entertain yourself Lord knows where and Lord knows with what kind of people. So, now you see that I was right, and you would not believe my words. Go away! imbecile! Here he is! at last I see him after having waited so long for him! Translation 38. Ax, KaKBa Hecpeka! Ko 6u ce iiKajia T6ne na^ao! BoiKe cnacH CpncKor Kpa^a IleTpa I! Kaico MOJITO Be- pOBaiH TaKO niToro^,? Ojpasn o^as^e! Xa, xa, xa, H BH saacTa MHCJiHTe fla saM ja sepyjeMl? 3ap Me He ny- jeTe?! ^yj! 0, npecTann c THM nynocTHMa! TaKO je! OflJiasH HJIH ky Te y6HTn! TLVT! sap He qyjeTe! Ena jieno, KajaheTe ce nrro cxe V^HHHJIH. To je spjio ^y^Hb- BaTo! IIpecTaHH! npecTamd neheMO Bnme o TOMC roeo- PHTH! ByAHTe MiipHH, ca.ii; HHJe spewe ^a ce o T6ne r6- 3a HMC EojKJe! Ca^;, xaj^e! Conversation. Is there any carriage from here I do not know, but I think there to Belgrade? is one, since there is no rail- way line from here to Bel- grade. Do you know where that man I was told he left with the has gone? express train for Paris. It is strange, I cannot find my Do you not remember that you tickets; do you not know put them in the trunk which where I left "them ? is near you ? 25 Silence! what is that noise? The fishermen are singing on the shore ; their song is merry ; probably they caught many fish. Is it so late? It is nearly half past two. Look! The sun is setting and I see it. Do you think that the moon is rising at the end this view yields at all to that of the horizon! from the "Briihlsche Terasse" in Dresden? Do you not know what is the I believe the clock has just time? struck a quarter past two. Exercise 39. Are you going to write a letter to Russia? I have already written this letter, now I am going to write a letter to my brother. I was writing yesterday the whole day long while you were walking, and to- day I shall write for a long time also. What were you doing yesterday ? I started reading various books, but I did not finish any one of them. Is Sweden and Nor- way an island? No, both these countries form a peninsula, and are joined with the continent. Where did you buy your watch? I bought it at Belgrade whien I was there for the first time. Our cook-maid prepares an excellent soup. Tell the servant to bring me some pork, I am very hungry. The Englishman with whom our brother was speaking is a physician to the queen. Did not some- body knock at the door ? Parents love their children. WJio built this palace? Do not punish my sister, madam; have more patience; she will be diligent. Why didst thou not finish thy French translation? I was obliged to work at my English lesson. Thou chatterest too much, my friend; be quiet at last! Why do you not answer my question? I did not under- stand your question; you speak too quickly. To-day I shall not dine at home; I was invited to dinner by my good friend, who has just returned from Servia. There are many animals living only on plants, and others living only on meat. He who always tells the truth is believed by all. The pupil who related the history better than all was Peter Ivanovich. Goods manufactured in England are the best. After having 26 rested a little, we continued our journey. Waiting a letter of yours, I did not know what to do. Translation 40. Jecxe JIH set 6iijra y TypcKOJ? H^HTB, M6jiHM sac, K jreuapy H peijHTe My ,na je moja cecipa 66jiecHa. Hani Kysap yne 66.ZBe ^a CKysa ^6p6y Hero ,a,a ncneqe Meco. Jecy JIH ce Hama ,n,eii;a inexajia? He, ona ce join Hncy ineTajia set cy ce nrpajia y .HBopuniTy ca CIIHOM namer ji,66por cyce^a. Kynno can xapraje, ajm nnje ,a,o6pa, Mopan KynHTH 66,/fce. Jecy JIH ose .neBOJKe njiaKajie? Jecxe JIH Beh BH^ejiH saniap y HimaeM HoBropo^yV Ja can BHtjao Baniap y paHK(j>ypTy. Hekeie JIH KYHHTH HMaae y Ma^apcKoj? He, nety KynbBaiH HMaaa y Ma^apcKOj, Kyuno caM je^Hy K5 T liy y Beqy. CjiaBHH Duval KaH^nnqap ^apa $paH^a I qecTO OA- roBapame: He 3naM Ha nnTaaa Koja OH My ce ynpaBHJia. AJIH, Tocno^HHe, BH CTC njiateHH ^a 3HaTe, peie MV neKH jiBOpjaHHH. ,U,a, ii;ap Me njiata cano sa HaM, 6,ii,roBopH CKp6MHH Hay^iHHK, ano 6s OH xieo ji;a MH njiata sa OHO IDTO ne snaM, HH cse 6jiaro i^apeBHHe ne 6n CTHFJIO (6njio ,a,OBOyiHo). - - HCKH spjio 66raTH BJia^HKa ^ecTHTame je/i,HOM BPJIO cnpOMamnoM CBeni- na AHBHOM sas^yxy Meci'a r^e 6eme H>eroBa napo- ^,a, ojuoBCpn CBeiiiTeHHK, Ba3,nyx 6n 6no Kpa- can Ka^, 6n ce H6BeK M6rao aime xpaHHTH. Conversation. Who bought this house, you I do not kno\v who bought it. or your brother? Have you written this article No, I did not write it alone. yourself ? Where did you send my ser- I sent him to my shoemaker's. vant? Who was to-day in the market- My cook-maid. place ? Does a man know himself? That is very difficult; usually one knows others better than oneself. Do you like to drink sweet No, I never drink sweet wines. wines ? Who roasted this veal? My cook roasted it. Does this merchant sell good Sometimes he has excellent fish, fish? sometimes also very bad. 27 Translation 1. Cp6n HJIH XpBaxii. Cp6n, je#aH o# ^JianoBa BeJiiiKe nopo,nHii;e Cjia- BGHCKHX napo^a, 6jiH3HanH cy ca XpBaTHMa. JeftHHa pasjiHKa Mefjy Cp6iiMa n XpsaTitMa cacTOJH ce y -rone, niTO ce Cp6n ^p^Ke rp^KO-IIpaBOCJiaBHe I^ XpsaTH naK npnna^ajy PHMCKO-KaTOjnraKOJ OCHM Tora, Cp6n ce cjiyme TaKosBanoM Koja ce ocHHBa na rp^KOJ asSyijH H KOJOM ce norjiaBHTO H Pycn H Byrapn; XpBaTii naK cjiyace ce y CBOJCyj KH.H3KeBHOCTH JIaTHHHUJOM, KOJOM C6 Haj- BHine cjiyace H IIo^bai^H, ^lecu H CjiOBan;H. y no^eTKy ce/i^or Beiia no XpncTy Cp6n HJIH XpsaTH 3KHBejiii cy JOHI na ceBepHHM na^HHaMa Eap- naTa, o/i, KOJHX cy cpncKa 6paha XpsaiH H ysejin HMe (KapnaTH, XopsaTH, XpsaTu). He sna ce nixa HX je no6y/i 4 HJio, ,n;a nanycTe CBOJe CTapo 6opaBHHiTe, aKO ne no/i, HPHTHCKOM naBajie asnjaTCKHX xop^a; ajin HCTOpiiCKH necyMHjHBa je Trajbemma, &a. cy no ^OSBOJIH BiisaHTHHCKor n;apa XepaKJina ^OHIJIH ro^HHe 637 H HacejiHJiH ce y nycTOM ceBepo-sana^HOM yrjiy Ta/i;aniH>e. BnsaHTHHCKe IIJapeBHHe. 0^ Tora ^o6a OHH en^be nosnaTe Kao : Cp6nja (/i;aHamri>a Cp6HJa), Orapa Cp6nja (Hnane KOCOBCKH ^ Bocna, XepueroBHHa, II,pHa Topa H ceBepo- ^eo UJpne Tope. OCHM Tora OHH qnne ^anac CTaHOBHHniTBa ^ajiMai^nje, XpsaTCKe, Cpeina, BanaTa H Ba^Ke (Jymne YrapCKe). I^ejiOKynan 6poj H>HXOB pa^yna ce na ocaM Translation 2. Cp6n HJIH XpsaxH OKO 250.000 pHMO-KaTOJiHKa y BOCHH H OKO 350.000 MyxaMe/i,aHaii;a y HCTOJ H y XepneroBHHH, CBH ocTajiii Cp6n npnna^ajy HCTO^IHO -- npasocjiaBHOJ njDKBH. L,pKBeHe KH>nre H cjiyac6a y IJPKBH cy na CTapo-cjiOBencKOM jesimy, KOJH ce ynoTpe6^aBa n y pycKHM H 6yrapCKHM n;pKBaMa. Osa OKOJIHOCT sna^H je^ny Baacny sesy Koja cnaja 6ajiKaiiCKe CjiOBene (Cp6e H Byrape) H yTBp^yje ibiixosy eTHorpa({)CKy ca PycHMa. 11 aKO cy BiisaHTHHCKe noKpaJHHe, y KOJG ce Cp6ti y ce^MOM seicy, 6njie TaKO-pehii nycTe, Cp6n cy Haninjin na ap6aHaniKe Haceo6nHe, piiMCKe KO- jiOHHJe H HOMa^CKe Bjiaxe. MeinaBima ca OBHMa y TOKy CTOJieha y neKOJiHKO je HSMemiJia cjiaBencKH Tim KOR Cp6a. ^anac ce Mefyy H>HMa naxo^n Biinie PHM- CKHX HJIH rp^IKHX IJpHHX O^IHJy H6rO CI1BHX KaO KO/1, ^IHCTHX CjEOBena. Hajjieninn cpncKii TIIIIOBH BH^e ce y Xep^eroBHHH H I^pnoj Topn. cy eTHorpacfeKH je^an napo^;, Cp6n cy ciisejiH nojie/LeHii y BHine HesaBiiCHnx HJIH, KaKO cy HX OHH SBajin, jKynannja. Ka^; ce ftecHJio ^a je je r u,Ha acynamija HMajia na qejiy cno- co6HHJer acynana, osaj 611 noKyniaBao #a HO^HHH H yje^HHH OKOJine atynannje. Y TOMC npaBij;y snaqajaH je pa^r BninecjiaBa (KpajeM OCMOF BeKa), acynana OR Saropja; a Hapomrro join H>eroBor npa-npa-ynyKa aty- naHa ^acjiasa (931 960), KOJH je ycneo ^a yje^HHH y je/^ny CpncKy ^pacasy CBC sen^e 0,3; AnTHBapa na Mopy #0 peKe I^eTHHoe y ^ajiMaujnJH, H o6ajie RO peKe Ko;iy6ape H H6pa na no H>eroBOJ caipTH pacna^e ce OBaj cases cpncKiix acynaHnja, H Cp6n najnpe no^, Bjia/i.y Byrapa, a nocjie (no^ieTKOM je^anecTor TIOR Henocpe^Hy BJia^y BHsaHTHHCKHX Hapesa. Join je^an noKymaj y^ranno je KpajeM je^anecTor BeKa acynan Miixaiuio BiiniecjiaBiih ^a yje^HHH cpncKe 36Mi>e y je^ny Kpa^eBuny, anpi OH nnje ycneo. Haj- 3a.ii; CTeBan HeMaa,a, BejiHKii iKynan PauiKe (seM^be OKO ^ananiHjer HoBor Ilasapa) ycne y. ^pyroj HOJIO- BHHH ^sanecTor Bena ,a;a yaeAHHH BeKuny cpncKHX seMa.ta no^; CBOJHM cu;enTpOM, yTBp^HBuin CBOJV $a- MHJiHJy (HeMatbiiha) Kao BJia^ajyhy ^HiiacTiijy Cp6nje (1169 1371). CTesaH HeMaita nnje ce nasBao Kpa.teM, ajiH H>eroB CHH CTeBan CBe^ano ce Kpynncao Kao ripBH cpncKH Kpa^>. y II,PKBH J^CH^H, regime 1222. Translation 3. Cp6n HJIM XpBaTH (HacTasaK). Cp6n no^; ftHHacTHJQM HeMaitnlia. HojiiiTHKa Kpa.i>eBa ^iiHacTiije HeMamnha 6iuia je R& ce KOpiiCTe 29 pacTpojcTBOM Tp^Ke IJapeBHHe, TG ^a ocBOJe ofl Tpica CBe seM^be Hace^bene Cp6nMa, #a CTBope jaicy CpncKy Kpa^beBHHy H fta HCTy Bessy IIOBO^LHHM TproBimciaiM cao6pahajeM ca BeHen;HJOM H ocTajiOM IlTajinjoM. OHH cy ftOBejiH y Cp6njy caKCOHCKe py/i,ape H noMohy H>HX cy Cp6njy je^HUM o/i; HajraaBmijiix npons- cpe6pa ne^y ^pacaBa y EBponn sa spene BeKa. OHH cy ycnocTaBHUH nojiHTH^Ke Bese ca HeMa^iKOM, H HGKOJIHKO nyra CKJianajin cy cases ca paHi],ycKOM H ca BeHeunjoM. HaJBehu o/i, cpncKiix BJia/i;apa y Cpe f T,ii>eM BeKy 6110 je CTeBan ^yman HeMan>Hh (1331 #o 1355). tiajyhH KaKBa onacnocT npeTii 6ajiKaHCKHM o^ HanpeftOBaita TypCKe cnjie y Majioj ASHJH, a o/i, BeHenjHJe H o/i; YrapcKe, OH ce ORjiy*in ^a CBG 6ajiKaHCKe napo^e y je^ny n;apeBHHy H HsHXOBy OTHOpny cnary. OH je sayseo Aji6aHiijy H Pp\[Ke Kpajese Mahe/i,OHHJe (OCHM Cojiyna) H Hassao ce I^apeM TpKa, Byrapa H Cp6a (nporjianiefte KpajeM ro/i,iiHe 1345, KpynHcaite na YcKpc 1346 ro#.). OH je cpncicy n;pKBy HaiiHHno cacBiiM nesaBHCHOM o^, rp^Kor naTpnjapxa y I^apnrpa^y H nocTaBno cpncKor MHTponojiHTa na CTenen IlaTpHJapxa (KOJH ce nasBao IlehcKHM, jep My je CTOJinuja 6njia y He!iH, 6jm3y BCJIH- Kor ManacTHpa ^eqana). To^HHe 1349 OH je cassao CKynniTimy y CKon^be H no^neo joj na saKOHHK rpahancKH H KasneHH, nosnaT Kao U^apa ^yniana)). HcTOpn^apH pasBnha rpa^ancKor H KasHenor npasa y EBponn najiase ,n,a ce ^ymanoB 3a- KOHHK Moace cpaBHHTH ca 3aKOHiiii;HMa ftpyrnx espon- CKHX seMa^ba y OHOM BpeMeny. OH je CKJIOHHO cases ca BeHeuHJOM npOTHB YrapcKe, H cnpeMaine ce ^a notie na I^apurpa/i;, Ka^; je HSHena^HO ynpo (^en;eM6pa, 1355 ro/i;.) y neTpfteceT mecTOJ ro,u;HHH Bpjio 6yjnor H ycneiimor Translation 4. p6n HJIH XpsaTH IIo/i; BJiaftOM H>eroBor cnna yponia HejaKor nape- ^ynianoBa 6pso ce nogejia pacna/i;aTH. Tp^Ke noKpaJHHe BpaTHine ce rp^iKoj u;apeBHHH, Mahe/i,OHHJa 30 ce O^BOJH Kao 3ace6na Kpa^beBiraa no# ByKaniHHOM a nocjie no/i, KberoBHM CHHOM MapKOM, Ja^pancKO npn- Mopje ca o6eMa SeTaMa (^anauiH>a H,pHa-ropa), npus- HaBiira sa B.ia/i;ape KHeacese us paHi];ycKO-CpiiCKe Kylie Bajiniiiha, ftOK cy ceBepne noKpojune npusnajie ;ja BJia/i;apa Knes JIasapa, My ma Mmraije, Koja je 6njia H3 flOMa HeMaH>nha. Knes JIasap (KOJH ce nnje 3Bao Kpa^beM, a join Matbe Il^apeM, ajin ce y necMana yseK Hasusa u;ap JEa3ap) rjie- je ^a CTBOpn cases Byrapa, PyMyna, BocaHaija H Ma^apa ca Cp6nMa npOTiiB TypaKa, ajin npe nero IHTO je cacTaBiio cases, Typii;H no/i; cyjiTanoM Mypa- TOM I. nana/piy Cponjy H 15-or Jyna, regime 1389. noSe^e cpncKy sojcKy no^; JIaaapeM na no^y KocoBy. Ilpe 6nTKe je^an o^; cpncKnx Bojso^a, no HMeny Mn- Jioin 06Hjmh,, CTpa^ajyhn no^ nenpase^HOM onTyac- 6oM HenpujaTe.ta ny, ^a je nanepaBao /i,a H3/i;a csor rocno^apa H TacTa, Knesa JIasapa Typij^HMa, o^e y TypCKH Jiorop, saTpa^CH #a ra nycTe KO,a; Mypaxa, H y6nje ra y iteroBOM concTBenoM Jioropy. KaKO je y Toj 6nTi];H Enes JIasap 3apo6^>eH H nory6^>eH, H KaKO je Ty nponao n;BeT cpncKe apiiCTOKpaii;HJe, 60 j na KocoBy yqiiHiio je na Cp6e ,3;y6oK yrncaK H OHH H ^o /i,aHac Bepyjy #a HM je HesaBiicnocT H Cjio6o/i,a nponajia y TOJ gyBenoj KOCOBCKOJ 6HTu;H. Y CTBapn cpncKa ftpacasa atHBejia je no/i, JIasapoBHM CHHOM Ore- , a HOTOM no,a; H>eroBHM ynyKOM "Bop^eM Bpan- ^,0 ro/i;. 1454., Ka,a,a KOHanno na^,e no^; TypCKy- J e APY ra cpncKa Kpa^eBiina, Bocna najia no/i, TypKe ro^HHe 1462. Translation 5. Cp6n HJIH XpBaTH Cp6n ILOR TypCKOM Bnamfiy. 0^; nojiOBHHe neT- HaecTor BeKa n,o no^ieTKa /i,eBeTHaecTor cas cpncKH napo/i;, HsyseB je^ny inaKy 6p^ana y I^pnoj Topn, nper- Bopen je y TypCKy pajy, no/gapM^ene neBepHHKe, KOJH HHcy HMajiH HHKaKBiix npasa, KOJH cy njiahaJiH cyjiTany xapa^, H ^eceTiiny o^; nponsBO^a H>nxoBor pa^a, H KOJH cy 6njra na MHJIOCTH H HCJIHMOCTH Typ- 31 - CKHX rocno^apa, TypCKHX ^HHOBHiiKa H JKiiBOT, *iacT. HMaae H CBOJHHE Cp6a mrje saniTHTe KOft TypaKa cicopo neTHpn CTOJieha. Je^nny aaniTHTy najrasHJiH cy noneKa/i;, KO/I; Xaj,n,yKa. Oft nponacTH cpncKe HesaBHCHOCTii fto npsnx ^enemija r n,e- seTHaecTor BeKa, opyacane *ieTe Cp6a KpCTapnjie cy no cpncKHM inynaMa H njiamraaMa, jypehu c je^nor MecTa na ftpyro, r^e je Tpe6ajio ocBeTHTH KaKBO na- 6pyTajiHO ne^ejio TypaKa na^, xpnnihaHHMH, H menaMa. Xaj^ynjn cy 6HJin neKa spcxa Hapo^ne BOJCKG, ycTaHHUjPi KOJH cy BO,O;HJIH repnjiCKii paT npoTHB TypaKa OHH cy 6iuiH yrjie/i; /i,aHaniH>HM KOMHTana, cano 6es u,eHTpajiHe ynpase H 6es KOMHTeTa. CTpax 0,0; xaj- /i,yKa je^jHHH je 6no o6sHp KOJH je cy36iijao TypcKO 6e3aKOibe, rpa6./bHBOCT H nacH^be. Typn;H cy HX ssajin pa36oJHHii;HMa H KOJH je roft o^, H>HX nao HM y pyKe . neMHJiocp^HO je 6no Ha6njeH na KOJiau,. aviis. Hapo/i; HX je 3Bao Hapo^HHM jynaHHMa H oneBao je anxna ftejia H OBeKOBe^iHO HX y necMana. Y HCTO Bpene Tpe6a HanoMeHym, /i,a cy Typu;n ocTaBi/uiii He^npnyTy cpncKy OHHiTHHCKy caMoynpasy, ,a;a HHKa# nncy npo- 6aJiH ,a,a Cp6e Hase^y pp, npiiMe HCnaM, ^a cy HM ,o,ajiH noTnyny cjiofiofty /i,a ce ^pace CBOJe Bepe H u;pKBe, OC|M UITO o6H.iHO HHcy /i.onyniTaJiH ,zi,a 3H,n;ajy HH ,n,a crape Translation 6. Cp6n HJIH XPBETH CpncKa ii;pKBa H onuiTHHCKa caMoynpaBa, saje/pio ca Hapo^HHM 6ap^nMa (rycjiapHMa), noMorjia je na- po,zi,y ,a;a o^pacn ycnoMeny CTape Hapo^ne nesa- BHCHOCTH H 3HaM6HHTHX ftOralja H CHaBHHX RQJldi ibHXOBe nponijiocTH. Heo6H^HO je KaKO H ney^eB- HHJH o/i, cpncKHX ce^baica MHOPO 3Ha o Hapo/i,- HOJ HCTOpuJH, cano saTO HITO Ha CBaKOM Bamapy H na CBaKOM ca6opy nyje rycjiape /i,a nesajy o Ore- sany HeMaHbH, ]J^ap ^ymany, Knes JIasapy, KOCOB- CKHM jynaHHMa, na H o ^e.iHMa cjiasunx Bolja 3a Mpa^Hor BpeMena TypCKor 32 CehaHye na nponuiocTH no^rpesajio je napaBno na 6o^,y 6y#yhHocT. Ose cy ce ocHamiuie Ka/i,, y ocaMHecTOM seKy, aycTpicKii paTOBii ca Typijiraa noKasanie cpncKOJ paJH fta TypCKH rocno- ftapii nncy neno6e/i,HMH. OKynau;irja 6eorpaii,CKor na- inajiyKa o;; CTpane aycTpncKe BOJCKG H EbnxoBa a^;- MHHHCTpan;HJa sa HKHX Tpn/i,ceT ro^ima /^a.ia je Cp6nMa flj3i OKyce o^ Mnpnor H njio,a;Hor scHBOTa y je^noj ype^enoj ^pataBH. CpncKH xaj^yi^n, Kao H OGTajiH Cp6H, CTynajiH cy Kao /i,o6poBO^bu,ii y aycTpncKy BOJCKy, Ka/i, ro/i; je osa npo^npajia y TypCKe npOBHHUjHJe. H Kao ji t o6pOBO^bu;H, H cjiyacehn y esponcKOJ BOJCD;H no,a, cjiaBHHM renepajiHMa (Hs6opHH KHCS BasapCKe, IIpHHi]; Eyren CasojcKH, Tenepaji JZay^on) Cp6n cy H6HITO HayTIHJIH O paTHOJ BeilTTHHH. TaKO cy ce cpncKa napo^Ha u;pKBa, ceocKa on- niTHHCKa caMoynpasa, Hapo^H ncBann, xaj^yi^ii, ay- CTPHJCKH paTOBH ca TypCKOM, Hapomrro OHH Kpajen ocaMHaecTor BeKa, n omirra anapxiija y TypCKOJ T(a- PBHHH no^ieTKDM /i;eBeTHaecTor seKa, y^pyjKH.iii H npn- npejiHMH cpncKii ycTanaK npOTHB TypaKa y Tor Translation 7. Cp6n HJIH XpsaTii IIpBH cpncKH ycTanaK npOTHB TypaKa. Ho yroBOpy o nnpy y CBHCTOBy (1791) AycTpnja je sa- xreBajia ^a Jamraapn ne CMejy ocTaTH y Beorpa/i,y H ^pyrHM cpncKHM TEp^asaMa. Cy.iTan je najnpe Ta^HO ce Apacao Tor nponnca, H Cp6n cy yacHBajra Heo6miHy cjio6o/i,y o^ Myneita H nacHEba TypCKiix rocnoji.apa. Us saxBajinocTH sa qoBenno nocTynan>e Koje cy yacHBajiH no^, HOBeM BesnpOM 6eorpa/i;cKor namajiyKa Xan:H-MycTa(j)a nainoM, nassajiH cy ra CpncKOM MaJKOM. Osaj naina Beposao je nspCTO y o^anocT cpncKy, TaKO ,n;a je o^ Cp6a oprannsoBao mrraBy BOJCKy H nocjiao je no^, KOMan^OM iterosor cuna pp, ce 6opn npOTHB cyjiTanoBor 6yHTOBHHKa, Ilas- BaHBJH Orjiy, us Bn^na. Ta,a;a cyjrran, 3Jio caBeTOBan, ^a 6n ocjia6HO Tor no6yH>eHHKa, IlasBaH^H, OKO Kora cy ce 6njin caKy- HHJIH Jamraapn npOTepami HS Cp6nje, o6jaBno je fla ce cjio6oflHO Mory BpaTHTH y Cp6njy. OBO je 6njia OTBOpeua noBpe^a CBHCTOBCKor YroBOpa, ann cyji- Tany H H>HMa cy KOMaH^osajia *ie- ynpaBHHKa, SBanii ((^axnje)). OHM ycnejy ^a ce y 6eorpa^,CKy TEp^asy, y6njy ^o6pohy/i;Hor H Besnpa MycTa^y, H TieTHpn KaneTana na- IIIT nOJIHTH^IKH, BOJ6HH H TprOBa^IKH cases, nporjiace ce sa rocno^ape ii,ejior 6eorpa^,CKor naniajiyKa. OHH cy naMecTHJin csy^a no SCMAH xanoBe, y KOJHMa cy 6njin H>HXOBH opyacanii ^ Kojii cy Ty atHBCJiH na pa^yn OKOJEHHX cejia, H CKyn- ^bajiii nosehaHH ,a,aHaK H nose npupese saBe^ene /i;a- xn j ana. II o/i, OBHM HOBHM npHTHCKOM Cp6n cy ce y TOJIHKO rope ocehajin, IUTO cy sa Bpeate HeKOJiimo ro^HHa npe Te npOMene ymHBajiH TiOBenny ynpasy Xai^n MycTa(j)a Ilauie. OHH cy npOTecTBOBajin npo- THB HOBe ynpase H HeKOJiHKO nyTa nncanH Ay re ^caji6e IIopTH Tpaacehn o/i, cyjiTana ^a HX sauiTHTH O,T; na- CH^sa ^axHJCKor. EejQBBH Besnp, no nape^H Cyji- Tana, nncao je ^axnjaMa H caBeTOBao HX ^a 6y/i,y npa- BH^IHH H ^OBe^HH npMa PaJH, H /j,a ce noKOpe BH- COKOJ IIopTH, jep he Hna^ie Ha^Huia 6nTH npHMOpan, flja, noma^be npOTHB HHX sojcKy, Koja he 6nTH neMH- npena H>HMa, jep nehe 6nTH cacTaB^bena o^; KaKBa TO sojcKa noace 6HTH?, nn- cy ce ^axiije, H saK^by^HJiH cy, #a ce Cyjiran HOCH MHHi^by, ^a Cp6e naopy^Ka npOTHB H>HX. Y HCTO rjiacoBH HJIH MOfttfta iiSBeniha o^ H>HXOBHX are- no cejiHMa, CTnsajiH cy, jaB^ajyhn ^a je napo/i; CBC HecTpn^bHBiiJH H ^a ce rjiaBHH Ay^ii ^zecTO cacTajy H caBeTyjy H npanpenajy sa Translation 8. Cp6n HJIH XpsaTH Hajsa/i, HeKa nncMa (HJIH BepOBaTHO cano je/i,HO HHCMO) 6y^,y yxBahena, HS KOJHX ce BH^ejio, ^;a cy H6KH, o/i, cpncKHX BoJ)a CTynHJiH y Besy ca aycTpnj- CKHM KOMan^aHTOM rapHHSona na TypCKOJ rpammn. Key to the Servian grammar. 3 34 Cse OBO jaKO je ysneMiipaBajio T^axnje. OnacnocT onnrrer yeraHKa ymramia HM ce 6jiHaca H Beha Hero niTO je Momfta y ciiBapn 6mia. OHH cy HOMHCJIHJIH, fta je HajcnrypHHJH H Haj6pmH HamiH/wa ce cnpe*in 6yna, fta c MecTa no6njy HCTOBpeMeno We Bammije *&yfte, KOJH 6n GHJIH IIJIH MOIMH 6iiTH N Bofye Hapoftne. OHH nanpaBe cnncaK Cp6a Koje Tpeoa y6iiTii H no- ma^by qeTe CBOJHX JaHH^iapa na cse CTpane. HeKH Oft HajyrjreftHHJiix .ty^H jasno cy nory6^beHH, a HCKH cy HSHenaftHO yxBahemi KOft Kyhe H y6njeHH. He- KOJIHKO H>HX 0,3, ocy!)eHHX na CMpT yMaKHy; Mel^y anna 6110 je Bo^a jeftne xaj^y^Ke ^eTe, I^PHH "Bopl^e, HJIH Kapa-'Bop^e, KOJH je acHBeo y cejiy TOHOJIH. Tjiac o OBOM noKO^by panrnpHO ce uao noacap no seM^bH. CTpax je o6y3eo ^yA^, jep cy MHCJIHJIH ,a,a xohe cse Cp6e ^a no6njy. CBH cnoco6HH , KOJH cy HMajiH KaKBor opyacja (a oft nocjie/i,H>er aycTpncKor paTa H oft KaKO je MycTac{)a Hama o6pa- 30Bao cpncKy Hapo^ny BOJCKy, OHH cy HMa.iH opyacja) cy y njiamrae H niyne, r^e cy HajiasHJin ftpyre sacTpaHiene ce^baKe, CKJianaJin cy ^zeTe, pe- HIHJIH cy fta 6pane CBOJ SCHBOT H fta ocBeTe y6ncTBO TOJIHKHX Haj6o^Hx .^>yftH. Bo^e OBHX *ieTa cacxany ce y cejiy Opamn;y (y cpe^nniTy Cp6nje), H penie ce /i,a ce 6ope npOTHB ^axuja H JaHiinapa, H Hsa6epy IleTpOBHha, SBanor Eapa-'Bopba HJIH I^pnor- sa BpxoBHor Bolja. OBO^e/cejftoroftHJio OKO ^>e6pyapa, 1804. roftune. Cp6n noft BO^CTBOM KapaljopljeBHM (1804 fto 1813). y Cp6nJH je y CTBapn 6iuio caaio HeKOJiHKO TypaKa BOJHHKa, ftOK je ycTamiKa y caMOM 6njio OKO 20.000 ^>yftH. A KaKO cy ^axnje H H>HXOBH JaHH^apii 6HJIH no6yH>eHHn;H npOTHB cyjiTana, H KaKO cy Cp6n nsjaBHJiH fta cy ycTajin npoTHB OBHX no6yH>eHHKa, KOJH cy 6njiH H>HXHH yraeTann, a ne npoTHB CyjiTana, IIopTa nnje noMarajia ^axnje, Koje Cp6n y6pso onKOJie y 6eorpaftCKOM rpafty. ^axuje ce na^OHie y onajnoM nojioacajy H noKyniarae fta ce cnacy ^ynaBOM fto BnftiiHa. AJIH Cp6n no^y y noTepy sa H>HMa H no6njy HX na ftynaBCKOM ocTpsy, x^fta-KaJie. TaKO je ycTanaK Cp6a npoTHB ^axiija 6pso n 35 HOTnyHO ycneo H Cp6nja ce 6njia H>HX ocjio6o^HJia join y JieTO 1804. regime. AJIH Kaft je HOBH PysepHep 6eorpa^,CKor nama- (Kaico ce OHfta Cp6nja ssajia), nocjian o# IIopTe, ft Cp6a ycTaHHKa ^a npe/i^y opymje H R& ce pacType, Cp6n cy Hapasno acejiejin fta ce HOBHM npnjiHKaMa, H He caMO o,u,pe:Ky ,a,a opymje, nero join nocTaBe saxTese, ,a,a HM ce fta caMoynpaBe. IIopTa nnje xreica ,n,a Tiyje sa saxTese, H nape/i^i HHIHKOM IlaniH ^a nol^e ca BOJacoM na Beorpa^,, H aKO saTpe6a /i,a CHJIOM pa- sopyaca Cp6e H ^a noBpaTH CTapn nope^aK y Cp6n no^; HH^IHHM BO^CTBOM Kapa^op|eBHM CyjiTanoBy BOJCKy KO/I, HapalinHa H noryKy je. II TaKO ce na je^annyT Hal)onie y paTy ca uejiOM Typ- CKOM I^apeBHHOM. CpncKH ycTanaK npOTHB CyjiTana Tpajao je o,a; no^ieTKa 1805. ro,a,. ,3,0 jeceHH 1813. ro p n;HHe. paTa ca PycnjoM, IIopTa iLOHypjx. ro#. 1807. r i,a Kapa-TBop^a sa Knesa Cp6HJe, no/i, cysepencTBOM Cyji- Tana, H p& npasna Cp6nMa ynyrapfty caMoynpasy. AZH no caBeTy Pycnje, Kapa- r Bopl^e o^6nje osy no- Hy/i,y H HHJe xT'eo ^a npnsHa yroBOp ca TaKBHM noroji;- 6aMa, KOJH je H>eroB nocjiaHHK y Hapnrpa^y ^IHO. OH ca Cp6nMa pa^je je xTeo %& ce PycHMa Kao caBesHHK, y na/i^i ^,a he no6e^OHOCHa Pycnja nspa/piTH sa H>HX noTnyHy nesaBHCHOCT. AJIH ca o6sHpOM na 6jiHCKy HHBasnjy HanojieonoBHX ap- MHJa, Pycnja je 6njia npnHytyena, ^a UITO npe H ca MHoro acpTasa saK^bynn Mnp ca Typn,HMa y ByKy- peniTy ro#. 1812., ocTaB^bajyhn Cp6njy no^ ^npeKTHOM BJiamliy CyjiTana, saxTeBajyhn ^a ce IIopTa Jieno na- Mnpn ca Cp6nMa Te /i,a o6e36e^,H seM^sy 0,3; nacn^ba n 3JioynoTpe6a TypCKnx iiHHOBHHKa n y onniTe 6e- saKOiia TypCKor. Cp6n cy 6njin CTpanino paso^ia- pann OBaKBHM HCxo^OM HoHxoBor caBesa ca PycnjoM. OHH cy noKyniajin ,n;a nspa^e 6o*te ycjiose Henocpe,!!,- HHM nperoBOpHMa ca TypnnMa; ajin BejinKH Besnp ylje y Cp6njy y JieTO 1813. ro#. ca BejinKOM BOJCKOM. Cp6n KOJH cy ce 6opnjiH 6es npeKH/i,a o/i; 1804. ro,o;. 6njin cy CKOpo Hcn;pnvi>eHH, n KbHXOBa sojcKa, pas- pnBena pas^opoM Me|y BO^aMa, nnje Morjia ^;a^>e onu- 36 paTH ce nana^y MHoro Behe BOJCKG BejiiiKor Besupa. 21. cenT6M6pa 1813. ro#. Kapafyopfye nanycTH seM^by, npahen HaJBaacHHJHM norjiaBunaMa. TypCKa BOJCKa saysMe rpa^OBe H y jecen 1813. rofl. Cp6nja nocTane HanoBO Beorpa#CKH IIaniajiyK, noKpaJHHa TypCKa no/i, BJiaiuhy CyjrraHOBOM. Translation 9. Cp6n HJIH XpBaTii ,Hpyrn cpncKH ycTanaK no^; MnJionieM 06pe- CaMO jeftaH cpncKH Bol^a (BOJBO^,a 7 KaKO cy HX Cp6n HasHBajin) nnje nanycTHO seM.i>y. To je 6no py^HiraKH BOJBO^a, MHJIOHI 06peHOBHh. Ea^,a cy ra onoMenyjiH ^a ce npn^pyacii Kapa^opl^y H BOJBO^aMa Te ^;a nanycTH seM/i>y H npel?e npeKO y YrapCKy, OH je o^roBOpiio : Ja hy pa^nje ^,a ca napo/iiOM saje^no CHOCHM HITO ro^ ce OH je MHCJIHO #a nnje npaso ^a BO^e ocraBe CBOJ Hapo^. Y6p30 je 6110 narpa^en sa CBOJ naTpnoTiisaM. Typu,n, noKopHBniH Cp6njy, XT^JIH cy fta ynnpe aen/By. Bbnna je Tpe6ao neKO KO je HMao yrjie^a H ynnnsa KO/I, napo^a. flpyror norjiaBapa HHJe 6mio KOJH je Hnao TasaB yrjie/i; H ynjiHB cen BoJBO,a,e Mnjioma. OH ftofye y Beorpa^ ji,a noHy^H Besnpy ^;a My ce napo^; noKOpn, H o^Max je npHsnan o# TypaKa sa Hapo/i,Hor npe^CTaBHHKa H Bot)a. OH je ^ysao Mnp OKO ro^nny H no ^ana, yBepa^3t|)^ r hH TypKe sa TO speMe ^;a je CBe MHpno, a KpninoM npHnpeMajyliH y napo^y HOBH ycTanaK. Ha l^BeTH 1815. roomie OH ce nojaBii na je^HOM CKyny npsaKa H opyatanHX Cp6a caKyn^bennx OKO ^pBene n;pKBHii;e y TaKOBy, o^esen y BOJBO,II,CKO o^ejio, ca napo/i,HOM sacT'aBOM y pynn, o6pahajyhn ce napo^y JiaKOHH^HO : EBO Mene, H CEO paTa ca Typ- n;HMa !, nporjiacn HOB ycTanaK npOTHB TypCKe BJiacTH. Ilocjie HeKOJiHKO H3ry6^>eHHX 6ojesa Typnn CTa- ny nperoBapaTH. MHJIOHI, KOJH je 6no pollen /pinjio- MaTa H /i,pacaBHHK, CTynno je y nperosope, H CBOJOM cnoco6HOuihy H o^MepeHonihy ycne ^a nspa^H sa CBOJ napo/i; HSBecny nesaBHCHOCT ro^nne 1816. TaMan je ce cse no^ejio CMnpHBaTii H napo/i, ce 6no nospaTHO nocjiy, Ka/i; na je^HOM Kapa- 37 fyopfye ce BpaTH HS Eecapa6nje y Cp6njy, y caMO je/pior cjiyre. OH ftofje Knesy OKpyra, JG^HOM o# OHHX KOJHMa je OH 6110 BoJBOfte. Osaj KHCS naK cnaTpao je fta je ji;a jaBH Miuioniy ofl ftonasKy Kapa^opl)eBy. MHJIOHI, ca CBOJe erpane, HSBCCTH TypcKor Besnpa y Beorpa^y, KOJH je c MecTa ^rpaatno rjiaBy nyBenor Bofya npBor cpncKor ycTaHKa. BeposaTHO fta 6n MHJIOIH 6no H3^,ao sanoBecT ,n,a ce y6nje Kapal^op^e H ^a nnje Besnp H>eroBy rjiasy, ajin OH je CBOJy sanosecT o6pas- CMe/i;epeBCKOM Enesy HSPH^HHM najioroM Be- sirpa H onacHonihy, KOJOJ 6n ce HSJIOJKHO nnp sa seM^by, c MyKOM 3a,ii;o6HBeH nocjie TOJIHKO acpTasa H TeniKoha, aKO ce He HSBpnin najior BesnpOB. 25-or Jyjia (13-or no CTapOM) ro/i;. 1817. pano y jyTpy, TiyBenn BO^ npBor cpncKor ycTaHKa y6HJeH je y^apOM ceKupe, KOJOM My je rjiasa oce^ena, ^OK je cnasao. Tuasa je npe^ana 6eorpa,a,CKOM Besnpy, KOJH je nonia^be yUapnrpa^, r,n,e je 6njia HSJioacena HeKOJiHKO ^ana KO/I, Kannja Cepaja. Hapo^na csecT npe6ai],HBajia je napaBHO Mnnomy HITO je 6no yspOK Eapa^op^eBe CMprn. Moace ce KasaTH, ,n;a je .o# Tora ^ana aano^ejia Kasra H3Me!)y 06peno- BHha H Kyhe KapafyopfyeBnha, Koja je, oceM y6ncTBa KH>a3 Mnxanjia 06peHOBHha ro^;. 1868., saBpmnna ce 11-or Jyna 1903. yftucTBOM Kpa^ba AjieKcan^pa, no- CJie^Hber 06peHOBnha. y jecen ro/i;. 1817. Cpncna Hapo^na CKynmTHHa nporjiacH Mnjionia (KOJH je ,0,0 ra^a 6no caMO BO!) HUH npBH BoJBO^a Hapo^Hn) 3a nacjie^nor Knesa Cp6nje. OH ycne ^a o^; CyjiTana ^o6nje noTBp^y TOP ssafta H na3HBa. OH TO ,n;o6HJe HesaBiicno oft Pycnje H 6es noMohii nrra BUHIC 6es snaiia pycKe ^mzJioicaipEJe. OBO canocTajiHO nocTaB^baae Hacze^Hor Hapo^nor npe- CTOJia na BajiKaiiCKOM IIojiyocTpBy 6no je npBH HOBO/I, pycKOM nesa^OBO^CTBy ca MnjionieM. Ha nnaK MH- JTOHI je 3Hao fta je y TO spene Pycnja 6njia je^nna 36M^i>a, Koja 6n Morjia OHTH o^; noMohn Cp6nJH, H cse je nanope na TO OKpenyo, ^;a no6y/i,H napa ^a KOH- ii,ecHJe, Koje cy Cp6n Beh 3a p 3 v o6HJiH, nocTaBii na Me^ynapo^Hy ocnoBy je^HHM Me^ynapo,i;HHM PycHJa je ce o^asBajra OBHM ate^baMa H Ha CKOJ KoH(j)epeHi^HJH, TOR. 1826. no^nnnie - 38 - KOJOM ce nejacHH VIII mean Yrosopa o Miipy y By- KypeniTy o6jaiiiH>aBa noje/^HannHM KonnecHJaMa y HHTepecy Cp6a. IIopTa je npncTajia na ose Konuecuje He caMO no/i, npirrncKOM Pycnje sen H saTO IIITO je MHJEOIH, He xoTehn npHftpyatHTu ce XeTepncTHMa, ycneo fta sa/i,o6HJe nosepeite CyjrraHOBO. Cp6nja no# KnesoM MnjionieM 06peHOBii- I. MHJIOHI je o/i^iax npe^yseo ^a Cp6njy opra- Kao Mo^epny ^pacasy. Bbeny je osaj 6pso ncnao sa pyKOM, jep cy CTOTHHC Cp6a ,n,onijiH HS YrapCKe H cTynnJin KO^ H>era y cjryac6y. OH je saBeo micojre, ype,u;iio a.a.MHHHCTpan^HJy seM^be, Majiy pe/^OBHy sojcKy, cy^ose H u;pkBeHy xiijepapxujy. OH je nossao cnoco6H npaBHHKe HS YrapCKe Cp6nje n noBepno HM f(a, Hannniy rpa^ancKH H KasneHH aa- KOHHK. OH je ype^HO seaia^bCKe (JjHHancHJe H KaKO je H can y CTBapn 6no seM^bOpa^HK OH je Mnoro yna- npe^HBao 3M^bopa/i,H>y. Y HCTO Bpene HHKaKO imje npecrajao pa^irrn y Herpoipa^y na TOMC, /^a PycKH nocTaBH nojiHTimKa ocBOJeH>a Cponje no/i, sa- jeftHor Me^ynapo^Hor aKTa. Pyciija je TO H Je/i;peHCKHM YroBOpOM ro/i;. 1829., ^oSHBnin sa ce6e y HCTO BpeMe npaso && ce sose n ,a,a nocTyna Kao SaniTHTHHK Cp6nje. PycKa saniTHTa y6pso je nocxajia HSBOp BejiHKnx HenpiiJiiiKa sa Cp6njy. Pyciija je Tpamnjia, na oc- Hosy HCTe. #a HMa npaBO KOHTpojie yHyrpanifte ynpase seM^be. Ka^a je MHJIOUI ^ao Hapo,n,y npsii ycTaB, ro,a;. 1830. PycHJa Hsjasn /^a OH neMa npasa ,a;a ^;a TaxaB ycTaB 6es npe^xo^ne ^osBOJie SaniTHTHor ^Bopa H BiicoKe IIopTe. Translation 10. Cp6n HJIH XpBaTH (HacTaaaK). Ona ra narna /^a nosy^e ycTas, H OH/j,a ona n IIopTa naMeTHy 3eM.^bH ycTas KOJH cy nspa^Jin PycKH IIoJiaHHK y II,apHrpa^y H IIopTa, H KOJH, He so/i,ehH pa^iyna o crapOM napo^HOM ycTasy Hapo^ne CKyn- HiTHHe, npefta saKOHO^aBHy BJiacT CenaTy HHJHX ce- ,o,aMHaecT ^jiaHOBa cano je IIopTa Morjia CMeHHTii a ne H Kn>as Cp6HJe. CacBiiM je npiipo^no 6iuio ^a 39 je 6pso ftonijro #0 cyKo6a H3Me1)y En>a3a H CenaTa. MHJIOHI ca jaKOM HH/i;HBH/i;yajiHoniliy H HaBiiKHyr /i;a sanoBe^a H #a My ce *IHHH no BO^BH, mrje Morao jiaKO CHOCHTH KOHTpojiy H Meinaiie ceftaMHecTOpHne ojinrapxa. OH je noKyniao fta ce orpece CTpanor ycTasa H noKvinaBajyfiH fta ^o6nje noTnopy EnrjiecKe, pa/i;iio je na Tone ^a ce saMenn HCK^sy^HBO pycKH npo- TQKTOpaT onniTHM npOTeKTOpaTOM CBHX eBponcKHX cmia. To je 6mro /I.OBO^LHO fta ra ynponacTH KO/I; Pycnje. KaKO je Miuioin y CTBapn BJia^ao Kao /i;ecnoT 7 CTBOpno je MHore Hesa^OBO^HHKe na H KOJH, opraHHSOsaHH H ynpaB/bann pycKHM ycnejy /i;a ra nptmyftQ %a, ce o^pe^e npecrojia 1839. Cp6nja no/i; EnesoM AjieKcan^pOM Kapa- I)opI)eBHlieM (1842 ,3,0 1858). - MiuionieB najcTa- PHJH CHH, Mnjian 06penoBHli II, yMpe neKOJiHKO ne- ,n;e.i>a no a6/i;HKaiiiiijii H>eroBor on;a, H MJia!}ii CHH, MII- xanjio 06peHOBiih III. 6y/i,e nossan na npecTO. AJIH OHH niTO cy 36aniuiH H>eroBor on;a HHcy ce ocehajin y cnrypnocTH ca H>HM H saTO ce penie-^a ra npnMOpajy r(Si nanycTH sen^by. OHH TO ytinne roA. 1842. H nososy na npecTO Kn>a3 MnxanjiOBa aliyTaHTa, AjieKcan/^pa Eapa!)op^eBHha, MJiaJ)er cima Bo^ia npsor cpncKor ycTanica. Enes AjieKcan^ap noKopn ce BJiacTii CenaTa H no H>eMy ce noBO/^io Jia6oTHH J CKH. To je y^HHHJio Te je seM^ta HMajia neKOJiHKO ro/praa ynyTapH>er MHpa, Koje cy ynoTpe6/E>eHe naMeTHO na KyjiTypHH H eico- HOMCKH Hanpe/i,aK. HberoBa Bjia/i;a unje Teacnjia sa ycnecHMa nau;HOHajiHHM H o^pacaBajia je spjio npn- Bese ca IIopTOM H AycTpnjoM. 3a Bpene Byne ro^. 1848. H 1849. Ene3 AneKcan^ep p6nMa ( 3,o6pOBO^u;iiMa /i;a npejiase y Yrap- CKy H fla noMaacy YrapCKHM Cp6nMa KOJH cy ce 60- PIIJIII ca AycTpHJOM npOTHB Ma^apa. y O^IH EpiiM- cicor paT'a CpncKH CenaT peura ^,a ocTane noxnyno HeyTpajian, npOTHB caBe'ra pycKiix HOJIHTH^IKHX are- naTa, KOJH cy XTCJIH ^a ce Cp6n ^Hrny npOTHB TypaKa Te ,g;a npoH3Be/i,y 3iiaTan pacu;en. IIo6e^a Casesa na,a; PycHMa npoiissejia je ona,n;aH>e pycKor a paniheme ay- CTpnjcKor ynjiiiBa y Beorpa/i,y. Pycuja, snajyhn 40 HOCT cpncKor napo^a, penin ce ;g;a YK.IOHH ca cpncKor npecTOJia Knesa, KOJII Hiije noKasiiBao HHKaKBe cno- co6HOCTn, a Bamio je Kao BGJIHKH aycTpo<|)HJi. IIpH- jaTe^bH 06peHOBnha ^imacTiije je/i,Ba ^o^eicajy pycxy noMoh H ycnejy ,a;a CTBOpe TeniKy n saiuieTeny cn- Koja ce saBpnra 36anHBaH>eM ca npecTOJia Eapafyopf)eBHha o/i; erpane CpncKe Ha- CKynniTHHe, ^eu;eM6pa 1858. ro,u;. OrapH MH- jioni 06peHOBnh I. 6y/],e nossaH us nporoHCTsa H no- naHOBO na cpncKH npecTO. Cp6nja no/i, ^pyroM BJia^aBHHOM 06peno- P H HHaCTH J e (1859 1903). MHJIOHI je 6no n cyBHine ocTapno a ^,a 611 iteroBa ,a,py ra B.ia^a 6njia 3Ha^iaJHa ca Ma KaKBor ^ejia. OH je H nna^ie ynpo y6pso noc;ie ,a,pyror ,a;ojiacKa na npecTO. EberoB CHH, Mnxaiuio 06peHOBHh III., ^oinao je na npecTO noc.ie H>era. OH je o/i,Max sano^ieo je/^ny jaKy Hau,noHajiHy nojiHTHKy. OH je nosehao pe/i,OBHy sojcKy H ype/pio H naopy^Kao napo^ny sojcKy. OH je npeycTpoJHO Cp6njy na MO^epHHJoj OCHOBH H noKasao ce HOHOCHT H HesaBHcan o^ IIopTe. Y no^eTKy H>eroBe ,3;py re TypCKa noca^a 6eorpa,T;cKor rpa^a 6oM6ap/i,o- je Bapom Beorpa^, sa neKaKaB 6e3Ha^ajaH pasjior (Jyna 1862). OBO je nocTaBHJio npsn 3a/i;aTaK HOJIH- THI^H Enesa MnxanJia ^a yKJionn CBe TypCKe rapnn- 3one H3 cpncKHX rpa^OBa. Ka^; je 6no ocnaJKHO csoje $HHaHcnje H HMao no/i; CBOJOM KOMan/i;oM CTO opyacannx Cp6a, OH (JopMajiHO saTpaacn rapHH3ona HS Cp6nje. ^a 611 ce cnpe^no na BajiKany, BejiHKe CnJie caseTyjy IIopTH ^;a npe^a TypcKe rpa^OBe y Cp6HJn y pyKe Eitasy MH- xanjiy H cpncKOJ BOJCB;H. Osaj caBeT 6y r a,e nocjiynian H 6-or (18-or) anpnjia 1867. r. TBp!)aBe Beorpa,a;cKa, Cne^epeBCKa, IIIa6a^Ka H YacnnKa npe^a^y ce Cp6nMa. Henyny ro^nny ^ana nocjie Tora, Eibasa Mnxanjia Ha rposan Ha^iHH y6njy y napKy EoniyTitaKy, KO^, Beorpa/ra, neKH npnBpmeHHn;H ^HnacTiije Eapa^oplje- Bnha (10. jyna 1868. r.). EaKO nnje ocTaBno cnnoBa ca CBOJOM atenoM, JyjiHJOM rpa({)Hi^OM XyaaAH, CpncKa Hapo^na CKynniTHna nsa6epe Miuiana, cnna En>a3 MnxaHJiOBor npsor poljaica Mnjionia JespeMa 06peno- Biiha, KOJH je Kao ^e^KO OA 14 ro^nna ^oniao na 41 npecTO Kao 06peHOBnh IV. 3a Bpene H>erosa Majio- jreTCTBa EberoBH naMecHHHH fta^y HOB H flOCTa yMHHJH ycTas o# onora IUTO je ftao Kaas je nocTao nyHOJieTan ro^nne 1871. Y no- OH ce ITOBO^HO sa IIeTporpa/i;oM. ro r u;. 1876. OH o6jaBH paT TypCKOJ. CpncKa sojcKa Syfte no6el)eHa 0,0; TypaKa, ajin 6ani TO no6y/i;H MHpo. ; r>y6HBor Hapa AjieKcaHftpa II. ^a ro,^. 1877. o6jaBH paT TypCKOJ.. Ho na^y IIireBHe Cp6n ce npn/i;pyace Pycnna Kao ca- sesHHi^H H no^; KOMan^OM Eaasa Mnjiana, npimy^e na npe^ajy TypCKy noca/i,y y Hnniy. OHH saysMy IIpOKyn^be, EypinyM^se, JTecKOBaii;, BpaH>y, H ,a;eo KocoBCKor no^ba, Ka/i;a HX npHMiipje npnMOpa ^a npeKHny ^avte npo^Hpafte. AJIH y Can CTeiJaHy, TeHepaji HritaTHJeB nnje XTeo f(a, RSi Cp6nMa unniTa BHiue nero nesnaTHO sa- OKpyr^i>eH>e rpaHHn;e, y HCTO speMe CTBapajyhH Be- y ByrapCKy ocTaB^bajyhn y BbeHHM rpaHHii;aMa Hace^bene Cp6nMa. Ha BepJiimcKOM Konrpecy, Knes Top^aKOB je OTBOpeno HsjaBHO cpriCKHM npe- CTaBHHu;HMa ^a Pycnja He MO>KC sa Cp6njy nnniTa y*in- HHTH, H ^a ce Moace o6paTHTH Ha AycTpnjy. H ROKCTSL Cp6n cy HMajin ^;a saxBajie AycTpHJn HITO cy IlnpOT, JlecKOBan; H Bpan>a ca TOHJIH^KOM paBHHii;oM /i,o^aTH cpncKOJ TepHTOpnJH, a Cp6nja je y HCTO BpeMe nporjianiena sa nesaBHCHy ^pacasy. Ilocjie ncicycTBa y Can CTe^any H na Bepjinn- CKOM Konrpecy, Kn-as Mnjian nnje XTCO BHIHC /;a ce HOBO/PI aa IleTporpa^OM H nocTurao je ca AycTpnjoM cnopasyM. Translation 11. Cp6n HJIH XpsaTH To je HsasBajio BCJIHKO Hero^OBaHje KOJI; IJ^apa III., KOJH pemn ^a Mnjian AycTpotjmji Tpe6a no IHTO no nrro ^;a ce yKJionn ca cpncKor npe- CTOJia. To je napo^HTO 6njio o/i, Ka/i; je ro,^. 1882. Kn>a3 Mnjian yseo THTyjiy Kpa./ta Cp6HJe, nporjia- CHBIEH aeM^by sa HesaBHcny Kpa/beBHHy. 0^; Tora /i;o6a OH ce Mopao 6opnTH npOTiiB ny^KHX ^eaa PycKnx KOJH cy ysejin y saniTHTy IIpHHi];a IleTpa, 42 HajcTapnjer cima Enesa AjieKcan^pa Kapa^opI)eBiiha, KOJH je napaBHO 6110 npeTen^enT na cpncKH npecTO. Mojsfta 6n Kpa^b Miuian H ^a^>e ycnenrao o/i;6HJao pycKe Hana/je na iteroB nojioacaj, ^a nnje y^HHHO ftBe norpeniKe, Koje cy H>eroBHM ynyTapftHM H cno^bain- H>HM HenpHJaTe.tHMa MHOFO noMorjie. Y jecen 1885. r. OH sapaTH ca ByrapCKOM ^a 6n je cnpe^iio ^a ysne PyMenujy. EberoBy BojcKy Byrapn o^6HJy na CJIHB- HHD;H, H OH H3ry6H naK H saacny Baponi HupOT. By- rapCKa BOJCKa no^ KHGSOM AjieKcan^pOM BaT6H6eproM 6n H y Hnni yinjia, #a je nnje AycTpnja sa- y npo^Hpaiiy. HnaK Mnp ce saK^yqH 6es ry6iiTKa sa Cponjy, oceM HTTO je Hsrydajia o# yrjie/^a. AJIH je napaBHO neycnex Kpa/t MnjianoBor paT'a npo- THB ByrapCKe ocjia6no iberoB HOJIHTH^KH nojiomaj. Join My je Biime naxy^no necpehan noKyinaj ^;a ce paS^BOJH Ca CBOJOM 3K6HOM Kpa^bHDjOM HaTajIHJOM. EsponcKO jaBHO MH>eH>e 6njio je cse npOTHB H>era y OBOMe. Hajsa/i; OH je 6no ynopan o^ ^yre 6op6e, TG noniTO je seM/tn /i,ao Hajpa^HKajinnjn ycras y Esponn, OH ce oftpe^ie npecTOJia y KOPHCT CBora cnna je^HHn;a, AjieKcaH/i,pa (3. MapTa, 1889.). AjieKcan^ap 6no je Bpjio necpehan. Eao o,a;pacT'ao je na Jsopy na KOMC je BJia/i;ao pas^op Mef)y H>erOBiiM po^HTe^bHMa H csaKOJaKe CHJieTKe. Kao ^e^KO 0,3; TpnHaecT ro^nna OH je #0- mao na TPHOBHTH H ys^pMann npecTO Cp6nje caai, jep cy My H OTan, H naTH aciiBejiH, y fta.timH, y npo- roHCTsy. OH nnje HMao npasor BacnHTaaa. Tpy6H H He 6am BHCOKO o6pasoBaHH ocjmuiipn KOJH cy My 6nJiH npH^o^ami, saTposajiii cy My yai HenosepefteM H ySe^eaeM ,n;a je onKO^ben HenpiijaTe^tHMa, KOJH CTajiHO rjie^ajy #a ra ynponacTe, H KOJH ce Mory cy36HTH caMO HeMHJiocTHBOM H HecaBecHOM ynoTpe- 6oM cmie. Ka^,a je, Kao Mjia/^nh 0,3, ce^aMHaecT ro^ima, je^HHM Benrro y/i;enieHHM ajiii ne noniTeHHM aKTOM 6110 nporjianieH sa nvHOJieTHor, ^patehn je,u,He nohn CBOJe Kao 3apo6.^>eHHKe y ^Bopny, Pa/ymajiHa Kojy je OH nosBao %a, cacTasn BJia/i,y c.ia- ra je Kao remija, Kao BJia^apa KOJH he H caMor AjieKcan^pa BejiHKor CKor. Ea/i,a ro/i;. 1894. OH yicn r i;e pa^iiKaJimi ycTas - 43 - KOJH je H>eroB OTau; 6no #ao SGM^H, H saMenn ra CTaptiM KOHsepBaTiiBHHM ycTaBOM oft 1869, Cp6nja My je TOCTHTajia na OftBa^HOCTH H Kypaacn. OH ce Tirrpao ca Ka6imeTiiMa H Hapoftmoi CKyniHTiraaMa, H CBH - PaftHKanH, JIn6epajiH, HanpeftH>an;H H HeyTpajmn - noKJiaitajiH cy ce H>eroBOJ BO^BH H CKOpo cy ra HOT- noMarajiH fta BJiafta Kao KaKas najin Roi Soleil. OH je ftoniao ,3,0 saEvtymca, fta Moace j^a, pa,o,H IHTO ro^; xohe. Bpjio 6p30' je ry6no nonyjiapnocT H o/^CTpaHiio je o/i, ce6e H najo/i;aHHJe npHJare^be ,o,HHacTHJe. To je 6njio napo^HTo y jyny 1900. Ka,a, je na sanpenam- CBHX Cp6a oaceHHO ce CBOJOM najio;KHHn;oM, ManiHH, y/i,OBHi];oM je/i;HOiaA|)y/i,apCKor enace- H>epa. OH ce rpy6o nonaniao npeMa CBOMC ou;y H Maju,n, Kao H npeaia BehHHH CTapnx npujaTe^ba /^ii- HacTHJe. fla 6n naxy/pio HenpnjaTe^bHMa H &a, y^BpCTH CBOJ nojioacaj, OH je npaBno ,o;pacaBHe je,a,aH sa /i,pyrHM. II ^KO je Il^ap npncTao ^a npeKO CBor HsacjiaHHKa y^iecTByje Kao CBa,a,6H ca flparoivi, Pycnjn, nocjie Kpa^ta Mnjiana y Be^y janyapa 1902. r., OH BHiue Tpe6ao H o/i.ysMe My CBOJy noTnopy. HanyniTen H o/i, Pycnje H 0,0; AycTpHJe, HanyiHTen o# Behnne CTapnx npnjaTe^ba ^HHacTHJe, OH je nana^nyT y CTapOM ftBOpy y Beorpa^y o^; je^He rpyne O(J)Hii;Hpa H Ha rpoaan Ha^iHH y6njeH, saje/i.HO ca Kpa^i>Hii,OM ,HparoM (11-or jyna 1903.). PeBOJiyu,HOHapHa Bjia/i,a casoBe CenaT H Hapo/i,Hy CKynniTHHy H na HeKOJiHKO /i,aHa nocjie y6HCTBa nocjie^aer OopenoBHlia, IleTap Kapa^op^e- Bnh, ynyK so^a npsor ycTamca na TypCKe, 6y/i,e nsa- 6pan aa Kpa^ba Cp6nje. Ilorjie/!, na HCTOpnjy ycTaBHOCTH H ^ananiHiH Cp6nje. CpncKa Kpa.'i.eBHHa HMajia je sa speMe BeKa CBOJ napjiaMenaT. BHO je caMO je/i;aH , cacTaB.Len 0,0, BejiHKe BjiacTeze H o^ npecTaB- e. y BGJIHKOJ 6op6n npOTiiB TypcKe Haje3/i,e, Koja je Tpajajia CKOpo CTO ro^HHa (1371 1462) Mnore njieMHhcKe nopo^iiHie nponane cy, APY re cy OTiiuuie y nporoHCTBO y HTajiHJy, YrapCKy, Mojr/i,aBHJy H PycHJy, r^e ce join najiase H.HXOBH HOTOMUJH; HCKH OR OBHX (naponHTO MHOFH y BOCHH) ysejin cy ncjiaM ^a 6n ca^ysajin HMaae, ^aHamme BejiHKe are Myxa- 4:4 y BOCHH IIOTOMHII cy CTape 6ocancKe Bejraice Henocpe^na TypCKa BJia^aBHna je nponec couiijajmor H nojiHTii^Ko cy y no^ieTKy ^eBeTnaecTor Bena, npe,T; , CBH Cp6n y ^ananiEboj Cp6nJH ciipOTHH H noTJia^ieHH ce*t>anH, nynn npena BJiacTii H yriteTa^HMa. OHH cy 6HJIH, H H ca^a cy, HajfteMOKpaTCKHJH napo^; y EBponn. 0^ KaKO cy nonejin, nocjie BOJHH^KHX ycnexa, ^a ypetiyjy seM^sy (1806.) OHH cy xTe.m %& orpannqe ayTOKpaTCKy BJiacT Kapa!)op^eBy, KOJH je Kao ycne- nian sanoBe^HHK na 6ojnoM 6o^>y XTGO TaKO ,u;a 6yii;e H na HOJIHTH^IKOM no.ty. Bop6a H3Me!}y Kapa^opl^a c je/jHe H BoJBO^a H CenaTOpa c ^PY re CTpane 6njia je yspOK Te ce no f u, H>eroBOM Bna^OM Cp6nja nnje y^- , HITO je y MHOFOM 6nJio yspOK nponacTH ro- 1813. MHJIOIH, H aKO je H caM, Kao H Eapal^oplje, na- rHH>ao ,a;ecnoTCKOM ayroKpaTHSMy, pa^nje je pajjHO ca napo^HHM npe,n;cTaBHHii;iiMa, KOJH cy ce CBaKe ro r i;HHe cacTaja.iH Kao Hapo^na CKynmTHHa. ^OK je ro^, HMao ysa ce Hapo^ny CKynniTHHy OH je 6no curypan. Ka,a; cy PycHJa H fiopTa yKiinyjiH H>eroB ycTaB H saMe- HHJIH ra CBOJOM TBOpeBHHOM jeftHor nesaBHCHor OJIH- rapxiijcKor CenaTa, OH je Mopao nponacTH. Translation 12. CpOii H.III XpsaTH (HacxaBaK). H aKO je no HasHKaMa 6no ,n;ecnoT, OH je y CTBapii oopno ce ^a nospaTH napo^y npaso ,T,a KOHTpojinnie erseKyTHBy npeKO Hapo^ne CKynHiTime. Knes AjieKcan^ep KapafyopfjeBiih casBao je Ha- po^ny CKynniTHHy cano je^annyr TO,T;. 1848. AJIH napo^HH npe^CTaBHHn;H cy ce noKasajiH TaKO nesa^o- BO./LHH ca iteroBOM BJia^OM, ,n,a ce OH noacypii r o;a je pacnycTH. Ilocjie ,a;eceT ro^ima, ro,o;. 1858., OH casose ,n,pyry Hapo^ny CKynniTHny, Koja je o^Max nporjiaciuia ^a ce OH 36au;ii ca npecTOJia. Mnxaiuio je saMenno CTapa TypcKH YcTas concTBeHHM, no KOMC cy ce c.io6o^,HO H3a6paHH npe^CTaBHHii;H napo^a CBaKe Tpn ro^nne cacTajajin 45 jja Tyjy HSBenrraj Bjia/j,e, %& mme npHMe^;6e H sanepKe, H fla H3Jase iiiTa napo/i, acejin #a ce ypa/i;H. HapaBHO, MJia^H Hapaiirraj nojnrrircapa, Behnna BpaTHBum ce ca (JjpamjycKHX H Hena^KHX yHHBepSHTeTa, mije ce Morna sa^OBO^LHTH ca TaKO MaJiHM yo;ejiOM napo^a npena 6npOKpaTCKO ypetjenoj /i^pJKaBH. H>HXOBO ne 3a/i,OBO^bCTBO H arnTau;HJa naBejin cy saBepeHHKe ^a MHCJie #a 611 yHHinTeibe ^HHacTHJe 06peHOBHha H HOB- patjop^eBHha 6no pa^ocHO /i;o^:eKaH. TpaaceH>e cjio6o^HHJer ycTasa im/i,HpeKTHO je ^a no y6iii];aMa Kitas Mnxanjia, saTO HaMecHnu,H Mnjiana 06peHOBHlia IV. MHCJIHJIH cy #a je y HHTepecy ^HHacTHJe ^;a /i, a Ay Henrro cjio6o/i,HHJii ycTaB. JoBan PHCTH!I, /J,pyrn HaMecmiK H Bofya JIn6e- pajine CTpanKe, Koja je 1858. ro^. nossana 06peHO- Bnhe, nspa^HO je ycTaB. Hapo/jna CKynniTHna, ca- CTaB^ena o/i, HCKHX 99 tuiaHOBa napo^OM H3a6paHnx 7 H o/i, 33 gjiaHa H3a6pana 0,3, Kitasa, cacTajajia ce CBaKe ^a nsrjiaca 6yy.vr H ^a Beha, fta ycBOJH HJIH saicoHe, HJIH RSL npe/i,JioacH na KaKaB saicon concTBeHOM HHHii,HJaTHBOM. Oso orpaHHTieH>e ; H na- pomrro BejiHKH 6poj ^JianoBa nocTaB^bennx o/i, Bjia,o;e, 6njie cy cjia6e CTpane PncTHhesor ycTasa, H ono- 3Hii;HJa je TO y6p3o sanasnjia. Me^yrnM Taj je ycTaB y CTsapn /i,o6po cjiyacno nynnx ^Ba^eceT ro/^Hna, &OR ra Hiije saMenno pa/^iKajimi ycTas Kpa^>a Mnjiana 1888. ro,a;. ,3,a 611 Hsopncao HenpnjaTaH yTHcaK, KOJH je H>eroB pa3BO/i, ca acenoM My, Kpa^HijOM HaTajinjoM y^HHHO y Cp6nJH Kao H y ^pyrHM seM^aMa, Kpa^t Mnjian ca- soBe BejiHKy KOMHcnjy, ca Haj6o^>HM H najcnoco6- HHJHM ^by/i^Ma H3 CBe TpH CTpaHKe (JlH6epajia, Pa,a;H- Kajia H Hanpe^,H>aKa) H saje^no ca H>HMa nspa^n HOB, cacBHM pa/^Kajian ycTas, KOJH je en bloc npHM^en BejiHKOM Hapo,ayHOM CKynniTHHOM y Beorpa^y, 12/24 fte- n,eM6pa 1888. Ilocjie ftBa Mecen;a, Kpa^b Mnjian, us concTsene HHHn;HJaTHBe, a6^nnnpa, ocTaB^bajyhn CBor y pyKaMa JlH6epajiHor HaMecHHuiTBa H BezHKe rpa^ancKe H nojiHTH^Ke cjio6o/i;e Koje je KajiHH ycTas o^, 1888 ,a;aBao nojiHTHii cy ynoTpe6HJie HCK*ty*iHBO sa ce6e. Ca 46 KOJH HHcy npnna^a.iii BJia/i,HHOJ CTpannn nocTynajio ce Kao ca KaKBOM no6efyeHOM pacoM Koja nnje HiiKaKBHX npaBa. ^ecTO cy ce HHJa nonHTHTiKa nporoncTBa, H seM^ba je 6iuia pas- HOJIHTHTJKHM pas^opuMa H MpaotOM. Cp6n cy eftaH o# najcjio6o r a,oyMHHJHX ycTasa y Esponn, HM je join yBCK He/i,ocTajao npaBH ycTaBim /i,yx. KBO CTaae CTBapH ftajio je ,o;o6ap HsroBOpKpa^by can^py ^a yKirae pa^HKajinn ycTaB saMeBbyjyhn ra PiicTHheBHM ycTasoM 0,3, 1869. ro,a;. HapaBno, npaBH pasjior H>eroBOM nocTynKy 6no je Taj, inro ce pa/pi- Ka.iHH ycTas nnje cjiarao ca iteroBHM ayTOKpaTCKHM CKJIOHOCTHMa. ^a 6n napo^ HSMHPHO ca H>eroBOM sceHH^oM ca r-t)OM ,HparoM Mainnn, OH saneHH, anpnjia 1901. r. ycTas OR 1869. r. HOBHM ycTasoM, KOJH je y rjiaBHOM 6no cjiodo^HHJH 0,3; HOMenyTor, H aKO ne TaKO CJLO- 6o ( a,aH Kao OHaj o/i, 1888. roji,. HOBO je 6H.io y Epa^i>a AneKcan^pa mro je saseo, npsii nyT y HOM acHBOTy Cp6nje, napo/^HO npe^CTaBHiiniTBO ca ;i,Ba (Hapo/^na CKynuiTiina H CenaT). Ka,n;a cy, no y6ncTBy Kpa^ba AjieKcan^pa, Hapo r n,Ha H Cenar je^Hornacno H3a6pajiH npHHH,a EeTpa KapafyopfyeBnha sa Kpa^a Cp6nje ? OHH y HCTO Bpene yKHHy ycTas Kpa^>a AjzeKcan^pa, H saMene ra pa^HKajiHHM ycTaBOM o^; 1888. ro f n;., H HOBHM HS- MeHaMa na^HHe ra join pa^HKajiHHJHM. Kpa^b IleTap, npe HO HITO je HS ^KeHeBe nomao sa Beorpa^, o6ehao je ,a;a he Bepno nysaTH csaKH ycTas KOJH Cp6n ce6n Hanpase. OH je ycBOJno Taj Hsrjiacan KonrpecoM, H o^; H>erosa ,a,ojiacKa na npecTO ,o;pmao ce 36n^>a Kao CTporo ycTasan Translation 15. Cpdn HIH XpsaxM CpncKa KHjHateBHOCT. Crapa HCTOpnja. Cpn- CKU KftHaceBHOCT no^HH>e o/i, ro/i,HHe y KOJOJ je CpncKa I],pKBa ycB'OJHJia npeBo/i, CseTor IlHCMa na cjioseHCKH je3HK, KaKaB ce roBopno y ^eseTOM BCKV y IlaHOHHJH (YrapCKOJ) H Mahe^oHHJH. Taj je npeBO/i, OKO nojiOBHHe Tora BeKa o^, CTpane ^sa 6paTa, 4.7 H MeTOflHJa, rp^iKHX njieMiiha us Cojryna, KOJH cy sa pana nocTajin anocTOJin Mel?y OoBeHCKHM Hapo/i^iMa, H KOJH cy HayniiJiH (6es cyMite join Kao ftena) GJIO- B6HCKH jesHK caBpnieHO. OHH ce o6n^HO nasHBajy CjiOBeHCKHM AnocTOJiHMa. EbiixoB npeBOft Bn6jiHJe H ^pyrnx npKBemix KH>ara #o*ieKaH je o6epyqKe y cpncKHM H 6yrapCKHM npKBaaia, y Kojnna ce #o Ta^a B;pKBena cjiym6a ^HTajra na rpnKOM HJIH na JiaTHHCKOM jesiiKy (na cpncKOM Ja/^pancKOM IIpHMOpjy). CacBHM je npnpo/],HO 611210, %a, je TaKO-3BaHH CTa- pocjiaBeHCKii jesHK, na KOJH cy npeBe^ene Bn6jiHJa H #pyre i^pKBene KH>Hre, nocTao npBH KH>naceBHH jesnK KOTI; Cp6a. Taj jesHK nnje 6no HCTOBeTan ca JCSHKOM KOJH cy Ta,o,a Cp6n roBOpnuH, ajin je 6no /I,OBO^>HO pa- sa napo^;. KH>H3KeBHOCT je cnaTpana Kao na- npHBHjiernja je^ne MHOFO npuBHJierHcaHe KJiace, Kajiy^epa H CBeniTennKa, a OBH cy na- paBHO H ^a^be nncajiH CBOJe KH>nre (BehnnoM nre. AJIH OHH ce Hiicy MorjiH noTnyno eMaHn;HnoBaTH o^; yTiii];aja roBOpa KOJHM ce napo^ y CTBapn cjiyacno, H 0,3; HOJIO- ^BaHaecTor BeKa cpncKH nHCu;H iracajra cy na jesHKy KOJH je y cyniTHHH 6no HCTH Kao H ajiH je nsroBop HssecHiix caMorjiac- 6no HSMeHben. Taj je jesHK cjiaBOJiosHMa nosnaT Kao CTapocjiOBeHCKH jesHK cpncKe pe^aKi^nje)). Cse KHjHre cpncKe KH>H3K6BHOCTH CTapor ^,o6a (TO jecT 0,3, ^BanaecTor na ^,0 ocanaecTor BeKa) 6njie cy Hanncane na TOM jesnKy, nsyses KH>nre nncane oft Cp6a us nyBene P Hy6pOBa^iKe Peny6jiHKe H HS ^aji- Maii;HJe. Haj6o^,H H najqyBeHHJH cpncKH cnncaTeji HS ca- Mor no^ieTKa Te crape nepno^e 6no je CBCTH Casa, HaJMJiaJ)H CHH CTeBana HeMaae, npsor BJia^apa yje- ,3,HH>eHHX cpncKHX seMa^ba. HPHHII; PacTKO (KpniTeno HMe CB. Case) po^no ce ro/i;. 1176. Ka,u; My je 6njio Henynnx ce/i,aMHaecT ro^nna, ^yBinn ^a My po^HTCvtH Tpaace nesecTy 3a H>era, OH ce npn^py^cn Kajiy^epnMa H ca H>HMa KpunioM o/i,e Ka Bp,n,y ATOcy, KOJH je y TO BpeMe He caMO 6no peny6jiHKa cacTaB^bena o^, ca- MHX ManacTHpa H Kajiyl>epa, seh H naJBHina ,n,yxoBHa - 48 - niKOJia y HcTO*mo-IIpaBOCJiaBHOM CBCTJ. OH je Ty saKajiyfyepno ce, a nocjie HCKOJIHKO TOJ^HSL OH na- roBopn CBor crapor ou;a ,n;a ce o^pe^e npecTOJia, H fta ,a,o^e #a ^OBpinn CBOJe ^ane Kao Kajiyfyep y CB6TOJ ropn, KaKO cy Cp6n SBajm Bp^o ATOC. Ty cy H>HX no/pirjiH cpncKH ManacTHp XiuieH#ap (HJIH, cy ra Cp6n pa/i^ije ssajin BnJiHH/i,ap), KOJH y CTBapn nocTane HaJBiima /^yxoBHa niKOJia sa cpncKe ,a,yxoBHHKe H ceftHiirre cpncKe nayKe H KibnaceBHOCTii y ^BanaecTOM H Tp-nnaecTOM BGKy. ^OI^HHJC, CB. Casa je nocBeheH sa npsor IIpBOCBeiHTeHHKa Cp6HJe, H Kao TaKaB OH ycTanoBH ^eseT enncKonnja y Kpa^bCBHHH Cp6HJn, noTnoMarao je niKOJie H HacTasy, H OH ce ^o ^anac cjiasn KO^; Cp6a Kao CBeTan; SaiHTiiTHHK niKOJia. OH je nanncao HGKOJIHKO ,a,ejia o n;pKBeHOJ ^HCUJHHJIHHH H UpKBeHH HpaBHJIHHK, aJIH My J6 Haj- c.iaBHHJe ,a,ejio (cSK^BOT CB. CHMeyHa T. j. ^CHBOT aeroBor pol^enor oiija, CTeBana HeMan>e, KOJH ce Kao Kajryljep nasBao CnMeynoM. Kao HITO je CB. Casa y ^BanaecTOM seKy 6no HajsHaTHHJH CHHcaTe^b, TaKO je y ^eTpnaecTOM seKy Haj6o^bH cnncaTe/b 6no ApxnenHCKon ^annjio (1338). OH je nanncao je#no /i,OHCTa snaMeHHTO ^ejio >KHBOTH cpncKHx Kpa.tesa H apxnenHCKona, Koje je je^an o^, H3Bopa 33, cpncKy HCTOpHJy y Cpe/j.aeM BeKy. no^eTKy neTHaecTor BeKa, cpncKH Knes BHCOKH npese^e HeKOJiHKO KH>nra na cpncKH. Je^no opnrHHajiHO CJEOBO 6aBH, Koje je OH Hanncao, ca^yBano je. iberos SRIL- BOT H BJia^y onncao je (ro/i;. 1432.) H>eroB ,n;BOpCKH Kanejian, KoHCTaHTim (J)HJIOCO(J), no poI)eH>y ByrapnH, Kora je naK cpncKH CHHO/I, BHCOKO n;eHHO ca y^eHOCTii H KH>naceBHe BeniTHHe. OceM 6norpa(J)CKHX H HCTOpncKnx ^ena Cp6n nncy IIMaJIH HHKaKBHX OpnniHaJIHHX KHjHateBHHX TBOpeBHHa y npBOJ nepno/pi anxose KH>HaceBHe HCTOpiije. AJIH cy HMajiH MHoro npeso^a BnsaHTHHCKHX HJIH HMHraujHJa THX Translation 16. Cpda mm XpsaTH TaKO na npHMep HMajiH cy je/^ny KH>nry Koja ce 49 MHoro mrrajia HcTOpHJa AjreKcaHApa BejiHKor, TR- Kofje McTOpnja TpojancKor paTa, H MHOFO nojia pe- jiiirnosHHX nojia pOMaHTHnnnx jzeren^H. Bpjio nony- jiapna nsrjie^a #a je 6njia je^na HHftiqcKa npima, Koja ce na BHsaHTHHCKOM, a nocjie na cpncKOM npeso^y 3Bana Ore(})aHHT H HxHirraT)). AJIH je OR CBHX po- Manca Tora npsor Ro6& HajnonyjiapHHJa 6iuia npima o BjiaAiiMHpy H Kocapn. Bjia^iiMnp je 6no cpncKH KEGS op, SQTQ (%eo I^pne Tope H CeBepne Aji6aHnje). Hana^nyT OR 6yrapCKor IJ^apa Canynjia (ro^. 988.) OH 6y,3 v e noTyqen, 3apo6.ten H nocjian y 6yrapCKy npecTOHHii;y. Ty ra BH^H i^apesa Khep Eocapa, 3a.*y6n ce y Hera, H ycne j^a, ^o6nje OR ou;a #03BO.Ty H 6jia- ^a ce y3My. Bjia^HMHp ,^o6HJe naTpar CBOJV Kao nupas y3 uapeBy Khep. OBH iiCTOpucKii yaeiH cy sa npe^MeT Te cpncKe pOMance, je^ne OR najcTapHJux HOBe.ia y EBponn. CpncKa KftHaceBHOCT RotittJia, je napaBHO Hosa no- jieTa ca nponajiacKOM nrraMne. Ile^eceT ro^iraa no ryr^H6eproBOM nponajiacKy, Cp6n cy seh HMajiH niTaM- nane KH>nre, ajin yseK na CTapocjiOBeHCKOM JesHKy, HeuiTO nocp6^i>eHOM. IIpBa lUTaMnana cpncica Kifcnra T IacjiOBaii; ns^ana je OR An^peaca ,u;e Tepesannca ,o;e Ayjia, ro^. 1493. y BeneipJH. Kpajen naK TC ro- ,a;HHe najrasn ce je^na niTaMnapCKa Maninna y 06o^y (I^pna Topa), pa^ehn OKTOHX, KOJH je H3 TC iirraM- napiije nsamao noneTKOM 1494. JQRSLH npiiMepaK OBC peTKe Kibnre Mome ce BH^BTH y BPHTCKOM Mysejy. IIpBH cpncKH iiiTaMnap, KOMC je npnna^ajia niTaM- napHJa y 06o^y, 6no je jeRsm cpncKH njieMnh, no HMeny BoatH^ap ByKOBnh 113 IIo/i;ropi^e. 3a Bpene npEe nojiOBune niecHaecTor BKa Cp6n cy HMajra ne- KOJIHKO niTaMnapiija y pasHHM KpajeBHMa seM^>e, Kao : y Beorpa^y, CKa^py na Bo j ana, FopaJK^y, MnjienieBy, MpKniHHOJ I^PKBH. AJIH y Apyroj HOJIOBHHH Tor BCKa. cpncKe niTaMnapiije H3ry6iuie cy ce, jep je BJiacT Ty- paKa najia Kao Mopa na cse cpncKe seM^e. CpncKH ^ajiMaTHHCKH necHHii;H. OR neTna- ecTor na ,0,0 ^eseTHaecTor BeKa je r o,HHa cpncKa 3eM^>a, Koja H aKO CTajiHO y onacHOCTH, cjro6o,a;Ha je 6njia OR ^ 6njia je ^ajiMai^nja. I],eHTap ftene KanateBHe jiaTHOCTH 6njia je peny6jniKa /i;y6poBanKa. CpncKO Key to the Servian grammar. i 50 rpa^osa - - CTajmo y ca TajrajamiMa, uia^byhn *iecTO csojy MJiafteac na BiicoKe niKOJie y PiiMy, ILa^OBH, ^jropennH H Bene- u^rJH - - 6no je onaj ^eo cpncKor napo^a KOJH ce cpasMepno pano na^axnyo H^ejaMa 3ana,u,Ho-eBponcKe Ky.Trype. Hapomrro o^ inecnaecTor ^o ocaMnaecTor Be-Ka, npe^CTaBHHHH rennja cpncKor Hapo/i,a 6miii cy KH>H;jKeBHHHH r Hy6pOBHHKa, Cn^BeTa H ^ajiMaii;HJe y oniirre. IIpBH Cp6nH KOJH je noKyniao ^a niiine na je- 3HKy KOJHM je napo^; roBOpno, 6eine MapKO Mapyjinh, cpncKH njiennh HS Cn-fcera, pol}eH y TOM rpa^y ro/i;. 1450. OH je CTy^Hpao Ha TiyBeHOM IIa/i,OBCKOM yHH- BepsiiTCTy, H 6no je BIICOKO o6pa30Ban H jaKO no- 6oacan ^oseK. OH je ynpo Kao Kajiyfyep ro/i,. 1524. >e H>'eroBO #ejio je cneB 3Ban HcTOpnje CBieTe Jy,o;HTe. flpyrn je^an ,o,o6ap necHHK TOP I n 1 o6a 6no je Xanii- 6an JEy^inh (1480 1525), KOJH je nncao #iiBHe JinpcKe necMe H je^an nosopuHiHH KOMa/i;, ssan Po6nH>a, KOJH je HajcTapnja ^,paMa y cpncKoj KH>nateBHOCTH. Pa/^Bba y KOMa^y spjio je npocTa. Jena Khep Beorpa^CKor Knesa KpumoM je BOJiejra MJia^or Kneaa ^epenqaHa. Typn,H je OTMy, H npo^a^y je Kao po6nH>y GpOB^iaHiiHy. Mei^yrnM yrapCKii Kpa.^> ns/i.a nporjiac o6ehaBajyIiH BHCOKy narpa^y OHOMO KO je na^e H ftOBefte je on;y. Mjia^n Enes ^epieH^an peum ce ,o;a Tp'aacn /i,eBOJKy. OH ce npepymn Kao Tprosaij, H H^yhH o^; MecTa ,q;o necra ^o^e y ,Hy6pOBHHK J Ty na^e ^esoJKy -- H 3a^>y6n ce y H>y. OH joj Kaace ,3,a 611 Morao H xxeo ^;a je o^Kynn 0,0; rocno/i;apa H,eHor H ^;a joj fta cjio6o,i;y j aKO o6eha fte he ce y^aTH sa H>eroBor npnjaTe^ba, Ka^, ce BpaTH ftOMa. OH r ii,a My ,a,eBOJKa Kaace ,a,a joj TO ne 6n 6njio T^HIKO, jep je ona 3a^>y6^b6Ha y Knesa ^epeH^ana, ajin je Tajiuia CBOJy vi>y6aB, jep mije HiiKOMe CMejia ^,a ce noBepn. To6omH>H Tprosau; OH,o;a 36an;H ca ce6e npeo6yKy H nojaBH ce KaKaB je 6no T. j. rjiasoM Knes o^Kynn ,o,eBOJqHHy cjio6o^y H o^Max ce EbOMe y P Hy6pOBHHKy. Jly^nh je npeBeo neKe 0,3; OBH^OBHX noeMa H Hanncao je MHore ^>y6aBHe necMe. OH je 6no npaBH necHHK. 51 je^aii snaMeHHT ^ajiMaTHHCKH necHHK 6no je .HeTap XeKTOpOBnh (14871572). IfceroBO naj- 6o&Q #ejio na cpncKOM jesnKy (OH je nncao necMe H na jiaTHHCKOM H Ha TanHJaHCKOM) 6njio je Pn6aHje H pn6apcKO npHroBapaH>e. OH onncyje KaKO je y Majroj 6apu;H nniao y pii6ojiOB ca csoja #pa pn6apa, IlacKOM H HHKOJIOM. JToBehu pn6y, OHH cy npeKpa- IiHBajiH spene nesajyliH necMe, npnnajyhn npn^e H sa^ajyhn saroneTKe je^an ^pyron. ^y6pOBHHK noKasyje Bnnie necHHKa y npsoj no- JIOBHHH niecnaecTor Besa. Hajyrjie/^iHJH ne^y H>HMa 6exy: CHniCMyH^, MeH^eTHh, KOJH je ocTaBHO 575 ^>y- oaBHHx necaMa, ysHMajyhn OsH^a sa yrjie^;; 'Bop^e ^pacnh, TaKO^e JiupCKH necHHK, Maspo BeTepannh, KOJH je no,o, yrHu;aj'eM OBH/I,OBHX MeTaMOp(j)O3a na- nncao je^ny BejiHKy ajieropHJy, 3Bany neperpim; CTe^an Ty^eTHh, KOJH je nanncao je/i,aH caTHpn^iaH cnes, 3Ban r HepBHHiHJa/i v a ; T Iy6paHOBHh, KOJH ce npo- cjiaBHO CBOJHM cneBOM Jei)ynKOM. AJIH je Ky/i, H Kano naJBehn necHHK, Kor cy Cp6n y ^ajmaTHHCKOM IIpHMopjy HMajin sa BpeMe inecHa- ecTor H ce,o;aMHaecTor cTOJieha, 6no Hsan Tyn^yjinh (po^. 1550 yMpo 1638.). OH je na cpncKH npeseo Ocjio6ol)eHH JepycazHM, H Hanncao je MHoro KO- Ma,a,a, ^HJH je npe^neT BehnnoM yseT HS rp^Kor KJia- CH^iHor ,3 x o6a. AJIH ,a;ejio Koje ra je npocuaBiiJio 6110 je HberoB BejiHKH cnes OcMan. Eberosa je reMa 6njia 6op6a H3Me!^y XpnnihaHCTBa H HcnaMa - - no ce6n 36Hvi>a rojieM npeAMeT! OH je y ^Ba^eceT necaMa one- Bao paT HSMie^y IIo^bCKe no/i, Kpa^eM BjiaftncnaBOM H TypCKe no.3; CyjiTanoM OcManoM ro^nne 1621 V ne 6es Hspasa K,eroBor ^HB^.eH>a jynaiHTBy TypaKa, ajiii napaBHO ca join BehoM pa^ocTH s6or no6e/i,e XpHHihana. Translation 17. Cp6n HJIH XpBaTii (nacTaBaK). Cnes je nyn saHHM^HBHX enH30,n,a, Koje naK o^pahajy 0,3; je^HHCTBa ruaBne H cpe^Hnine TyH^yjinh je 6no npsn cpncKH necHHK KOJH ce ocuo- 6o^HO poncKor no/i;pajKaBaH>a TannjaHCKHx yrne^a. IfceroB je jesnK TIHCT H 3By^an, a yKyc My je 52 Kao y *ioBeKa KJiacii^me Kyjrrype. T^Be necMe OBOF Be-JiHKor cnesa (necMa XIV. H XV.) H3ry6^.eHe cy join y pyKonncy. BeoMa flapOBirr necmiK 6110 je "Bon lEajiMOTiih (1606 1657). OH je norjiaBHro 6no /i,paMCKH nncan;. Behnna H>eroBHX ,o,paMa imcaHe cy no CTpanoM yrjie/jy, HJIII HM je npe^eT yseT o# ^pyrnx necHHKa. Ha npii- nep : H>eroBa ATJiaHTa nncana je no Ofin^y, Ap- MH#a no TacoBOM Ocjio6ol)eHOM JepycajiiiMy, A.i- n;HHa no APHOCTOBOM BecHOM OpjiaH^,y. AJIH OH je Hanncao neKOJiHKO ^paMa H cacBHM nesaBHCHO o# CTpannx yrae^a, Kao na npHMep : IIaBJiHMHpa, Kan- THCJiaBa))., miJH je npe/i^sieT yseT HS CTapnx Tpa/i,Hi];HJa H3 HCTOpiije Jl,y6poBHHKa. OH ce CTapao ^a nnnie.HH- CTHM cpncKHM jesHKOM, KaKas ce y H>eroBO spene ro- Bopno y BOCHH H XepneroBUHH. TjiasHn aeroB cneB KpncTH ja.ua>> (y 24 necMe) nnje 6no opnrHHajiHO A ejl ? Beh caMO npomnpeBbe je/i,Hor cnesa, Hanncanor na Jia- THHCKOM, y inecT necaaia, o/i, TBnpojiaMa Bn^a, ro,a,HHe 1535. IIocjie^ftH BeaHKH necHHK y ^ajiMaTHHCKOM orpan- Ky cpncKor napo^a je Hrn>aT "BopIjHh. (poi^. y ,H,y6pOB- 1675., ynpo 1737.). OH je CTya^ipao y Pniviy n Bp.io MJia/i, noBeK CTyniio je y JesynTCKii Pe^,, HHJe ocTao Ty ,a,yace o^ ce/i;aM ro/i,HHa. OH je 6no Bpjio y^esaH iioseK H Kao TaKaB nocTaB/ben je sa npo({)ecopa na yniiBepSHTeTy y IIa/i;oBn. OH je npeseo npsy KH>nry EnpriijioBe EneH/i,e na cpncKH, nanncao je Tpare/^ijy Jy^,HTe, cnes y3^acn IIoKaj- Hnn;e Mar/i;ajieHe H Bnnie nacTnpCKnx necana. AJIH ce CMaTpa ^,a My je Haj6o^i>e ftejio npepa^a ^aBH^OBiix ncajiaMa na cpncKH y CTHxy CajiTHJep cjiOBeHCKii. e H je^an o# cpncKiix mican;a H necHHKa us (ca ^^^POBHHKOM) noKasao nesaBHCHOCTii H opHrnnajiHOCTH. OHH cy ysHMajra H^eje H (Jopne ns KJiaciraHHx na ^iaK H HS ncey^o-KJiacimHiix yrjie,a,a. AJLH OKO nojiOBHHe ocaMHaecTor seKa je^an <3>pan- n;ncKaHCKH Kazyfyep, An^puja Ea^nh Miioniuli (pol). 1696 y BpncTy, y flajiMai^nJH, yMpo 1760) noniao je HOBHM nyreM. OH je 6no niKOJiOBan *iOB6K, nncaii; eceja (na jiaiHHCKOM), n Kao TaKaB ,a,o6po ca K.iacH^HOM KH>naceBHonit)y. AJIH OH CBOJ 53 ^,ap HHJG no/gap MHO no^; KJiacnniisaM. KaKo je MHoro nyroBao Kao IlanHH nsacjiamiK no cpncKHM ajiManHJH, XepneroBHHH H EOCHH, nnao je npnjiHKe ^a *iyje napo^ne neBane Ka/i, neBajy necMe. OH ycBojn H>HXOB ftyx H H>HXOB na- cjiHKa. roftHHe 1756 OH HSfla y BenenHJn KH>nry Pa3roBOp yro&mi Hapo^a CjiOBHHCKora. Ta je KftHra ca^pacajia 261 necmy no na^HHy cpncKnx napo^Hnx necana. HCKOJIHKO o/i; OBHX 6nJie cy npo- CTC penpo^yKu;HJe napo^HHx necana; ocTajie cy 6njie H>eroBa TsopesHHa. OH je onesao cjiaBna /j;ena jy- naKa CjiaseHCKor Hapo^a)),, pasyMeBajytiH HOR THM on- UITHM HMenoM Cp6e, XpsaTe H Byrape. OH je fto^ao MHoro HCTOpujcKHX iipHMe^a6a ^,a 6n o6jacHHO ^ora- Ijaje HJIH ,n;a o6aBecTH ^HTaoii;e. BberoBa KH>nra no- CTajia je spjio nonyjiapna. Je^nno nrro ce napo/],y HHJe CBH!)ajro 6no je nasHB KH>nre, H OH ra HSMemi H nasoBe je npocTO UecMapHna. Osa je KH>nra no- Kpenyjia ByKa CTec^aHOBiiha Kapai,rii!ia ^a npe/i,y3Me CKyn^baae cpncKnx napo^nnx necaMa. Y MHOFOM no- r.ie^y Ka^nh je 6no npeTe^ia KapannheB. I!HCH;H cpncKHx KH>nra HanncanHX H ns^annx y f Hy6pOBHHKy H ^pyr-HM ^ajinaTHHCKHM rpa^OBiina 6njiH cy BehHHOM Cp6n KaTOJram&e sepe. A.IH BejiHKa Be- hima Cp6a, KOJH miiBe y Jy^Knoj YrapCKOJ (BanaTy, Ba^KOJ H Cpeny), Kpa^beBHHH Cp6nJH, CTapoj Cp6HJH, I^pnoj Topn, Xepn;eroBHHH, BOCHH H Mahe^OHHJH, npn- na^ajy TaKO sBanoj Tp^iKO IIpaBocjiaBHOJ I^PKBH. OBaj ^eo cpncKor napo^a 6no je ILOR y6HTanHOM BJia^OM TypaKa join o^, nojiOBHHe neTHaecTor BeKa. Hapo/i, ce je^HHO CTapao ^a ca^ysa ro JKHBOT H r u;a A^ e A xpane, a o HeroBaay KibH^eBHOCTn HHCV MHCJIHJIH HH caMH Kajiy^epn no ManacTiipHMa. Kpajen naK ce- flaMHaecTor seKa YrapcKa ce Kona^no ocjto6o^H o,u; TypaKa, H Cp6n KOJH cy 3KHB6JIH y jyatHHM seM^bana OBe Kpa^beBHHe y6pso cy ce no^iejiH 6aBHTH UIKOJIOM, nacTasoM H KHxtmeBHOinhy. Ilope/i; Cp6a HS T^ajiManiije H XpBaTCKe, Cp6n HS Jyacne YrapCKe ca npasoM cy ce MorjiH CMaxpaTH Kao HaJKyjiTypmijn #eo cpncKor napo^a sa spene ocaMHaecTor H y npsoj HOJIOBHHH IIpBH KftnacesHH noKyniaJH KO^, Cpoa HCTO^IHO 54 npaBocjiaBHe njpKse, no ocjio6ol?eH>y yrapCKe OR CKor japMa, nncaHH cy JCSHKOM KOJH Hiije 6110 j KOJHM cy ce Cp6n cjiymnjin, B-eh CTapn iipKBeHH jesiiK nOMemaH ca MHoro pycKora. CTapo- CJIOB6HCKH noMenian ca cpncKHM o6jiHHHMa HanyniTen je us OBor pasjiora : PycKa Hj)KBa, sa BJia#e I^apa IleTpa BejiHKor, nonejia je CHa6^,eBaTn n;pKBe H ManacTiipe y ByrapCKOJ H y cpncKHM seM^taMa ca I^PKBGHHM KH>H- rana nncaHHM na CTapo-cjioseHCKOM jesHicy noMenia- HOM ca pycKiiM nspasHMa. IIpBe niKOJie saBe^ene y Cp6nJH, H y yrapCKHM noKpaJHHaaia Hace^bennM Cp6nMa, Mopajie cy ^o6aB^>aTH ymiT^i>e H npocfjecope us Py- CHJe. PycKH y^HTe^bn rosopujiH cy cano pycKH, H y^HJin cy npBe csoje ^aKe CTapo-cjiOBencKH JGSHK no- MeruaH ca pycKHM. Ka^; je KOJH o# H>HXOBHX I)aKa yseo nepo ^a nnme KaKBy KH>nry, CMaTpao je ,o;a Tpe6a fta ce cjiyaen jesnKOM us HajnoBHJHX n;pKBeHHx KftHra, Koje cy 6njie na CTapo-cjiOBeHCKOM pycKe pe/i,aKii;iije. HeKH cy MHCJIHJIII ^;a yrjie^ nayKe H KH>HaceBHOCTii saxTesa ^a ce KibHre ne nnniy na jeanKy npocTor na- po^a, seh na jesnKy CBCTHX n;pKBeHHX KBbura. AJIH napo^; je Taj jesnK Majio pasyMesao, H Hapasno nnje MHoro Mapno sa HHcn;e TaKBiix Kibnra. yTHn;aj 3KHBor no^ieo je fta ce oceha, H KpajeM ocaMHaecTor cpncKe cy Kftiire 6njie nncane na je/i^HOM vjju- HOM jesiiKy ^iiija je ocnoBa 6njia CTapo-cjiOBencKH HS D;pKBeHHX Kftiira, HOMemaH ca MHOFO cpncKHX penn H cpncKHX o6jiiiKa. Cann HHCHH ssajin cy CBOJ jesHK c jaBHO-cep6cKHM. Ajnt H osa cMenia nnje 3a r a 1 o6iijia CHMnaTHJe H noMohn H linage HeMHoro6poJHe cpncKe Behnna KH,nra Koje cy nsauuie sa speMe ocaM- HaecTor CTOJieha (6njio na CTapo-cjioseHCKOM pycKor , H.IH na cjiaBeHO-cep6cKOM) micy 6njie opnrn- -- seh HaJBnnre npeBO/i,H HS CTpannx HOCTH. Translation 18. Cp6n HJIH XpBaTH niicau; ca Hernro opnrHHajiHOCTH, KOH e y CTBapn CTBOpiio cpncKy ^nrajiaTiKy ny6jiiiKy H KOJH oo je 3a^o6no Tpajno MGCTO y cpny cpncKor napo^a Kao H y HCTOpHJH CpnCKe KH>HJKeBHOCTH, 6lIO je 06paftOBHh. OH ce po^no 1739. TOR. y je^HOM cejiy (^EaKOBy) y BanaTy. Kao #e*iKO OR ro^ima OH CTymi y ManacTHp XOHOBO H ce, TBp^o penien ^a ce nocBGTH, HOCTOM n MOJIHTBOM. AJIH je y6pso BH^eo #a cy KberoBii noKynrajn ysajiy^HH. EberoBa 3Ky/i,Eba sa nayKOM nanopa ra ^a ocTaBH na- HacTHp H ,3,a no^e y CBT n%yhtt sa nayKOM. OH je nyroBao CBy/^a no Esponn, ^oinao je y EnrjiecKy H HeKOJiHKO MeceujH acHBeo y JToH^ony, ^HBehn o^ /i;a- Ban>a TiacoBa HS Tp^Kor. OH je HMao cpehy ^a sa- ,n,o6iije saniTHTy j-e^nor yrjie^nor cj[)HJiaHTpoiniCTa Tor ,n v o6a. ^p. B. ^op^ajca, KOJH je ii3rjie/i;a BHCOKO n,eHHO Hyerosy y^enocT H Eberos KapaKTep. ^ocHTuje je 6no npsn iincaii; Mefjy Cp6nMa HcTO^ne II^pKBe KOJH je HarjiaiuaBao noTpe6y /i,a ce KH>nre nniny na napo^HOM jesimy, TB /i;a nHTaon;H nory 6es Teni- Koha pasyaieTH IIITO ^iHTajy. OH je caM ca BCJIIIKHM ycnexoM noKymao TaKO ^;a nnine, H aKO je OBRQ on/i;e ynoTpe6^i>aBao pe^H Koje cy 6Hire ysere HS CTapo- jesHKa. OH je BejiiiKH ycnex nocTurao EsonoBHX 6acaHa, ys CBaKy 6acny pasroBOp nyn My^pocTH H noyKa sa npaKTH^an ^HBOT H>eroBnx niirajiau;a. Oft iberoBiix ^ejia (niTaMnaHHX y HCKOJIHKO HS- HajsaHHM^bHBHJa je H>eroB concTBenn JKHBOTO- nnc. Eberosa ^ejia 6ani s6or pasyM^LHBor jesnKa y H>HMa H sa HajnpocTHJer Cp6iiHa, H s6or pasroBeT- HOCTH, HCKpeHOCTH H MOpaJIHe O/],BaaCHOCTH #a H3H6Ce H ocy^n npesapy H npe/i.pacy^y, 3a^o6mia cy BejiHKy nonyjiapHocT. OH je CMaTpan sa Hajy^eBHttjer Cp- 6nna Tor /i,o6a H OOH^IHO je nasHBan CpncKHM <|>HJIO- ao(j)OM. Ea/i, cy Cp6n, npe/i,BofyeHH Kapa^op^eM, O^IH- CTHJIH 36M^i>y OR TypaKa H no^ejin ^;a ypefyyjy pe r T,OBHy eBponcsy ^pacasy, ^ocnTHJa nososy y Beorpa/i; H HaHMenyjy ra sa npBor cpncKor MnHHCTpa IIpocBeTe (ro/i,. 1809). Kao TaKaB OH je ycTanoBHO npsy B-e- IIlKOjiy KO/I, Cp6a. OH je yMpo y Beorpa/i;y . 1811. ii;H CTape cjiaBeHO-cep6cKe KH>H- Hiicy ce CMaTpajiH TaKO jiaKO no- 56 oehemiM. OTan; cpncice iiCTOpHJe ? apxuMan^pnT JoBan Pajnh (yMpo 1801) naniicao je CBOJy HCTOpnjy na TOM . IIlTa Biime ii jeftaH TaKO BHCOKO Kyjrrypan H necHHK Kao apxHMaHftpirr JEyKHJan Myinim,Kii HHcao je CBOje CTHXOBC na CjiaBeHO-cep6cKOM jesiiicy y npsoj HOJIOBHHH fteBeTHaecTor BeKa! ^ocnrejy Hiije ncnajio sa pyKOM #a yrsp^n na- po,n;HH jesHK sa KH>HmeBHH, a.iH OH je npunpeMHO nyT sa ycnex ByKa Orec^aHOBiilia Eapaniiiha. Kapai^nh ce po,a;jio y je,a;HOM cpncKOM cejiy 6jiH3y peite TJ^pime (y Epa^beBiiHii Cp6nJH) ro^. 1787. OH je 6110 caMoyK, H no^eo je jasny Kapujepy Kao nncap KO.3; neKHx cpncKiix BoJBO,a;a HS npsor ycTanKa H na- nycTHO je Cp6njy ca MHoriina 6eryHu;HMa ro/i;. 1813. y Be^iy je 1814. r. iis/^ao CBojy npsy 36npKy CpncKnx IlecaMa. Translation 19. Cp6H HJIH XpBaTH H OH, OT'an, HOBC CpncKe EHjii^ceBHOCTii, nas- je npsy KKbiiry C.iaBeHO-Cep6cKa IIjecHapHi];a. OH je 6no cpehan /^a ce ynosna y Be^iy ca JC^HIIM 0,11; Hajy^ieBHHJHx CjiaBHCTa onor ,o,o6a, BapTo.iOMejoM Ko- HHTapOM, ({)HJiojioroM H apxeojioroM esponcKor rjiaca, Koja je noKpenyo Kapannha %& ce cacBHM o^a CTy f ^ijii cpncKor jesima H CKyn^aay nenncaHnx yMOTBOpnHa cpncKor Hapo/i;a - - Hapo/jHnx necana, npima, HOCJIO- BEtnja H T. R. EberoBa npsa 36npKa jKencKHX IIecaMa H JyHa^KHX IIecaMa usassajia je miTaBy ceHsaniijy y EsponH, H noKasajia je Cp6nMa caniiM KaKaB 6oraT H ^BaH jesiiK HMajy sa KH>naceBaH pa^;. Eapannh je naniicao npsy CpncKy TpaMaTHKy H npBH pe^HHK cpncKor jesiiKa. S 7 iiHTepecy CBora pa^a OH je ^ecTO nyroBao CKOpo no CBHMa cpncKHM seM.i>aMa. H>eroBO TeMe^bHO 3Han>e cpncKor jesmca naBejio ra je ^a pe- 4)OpMHHie cpncKy as6yKy, Koja ce #0 on^a ynoTpe6^>a- y oniirre, Hs6aii;yjyhH us ose HeKO.mKO HHJe 6njio MecTa y cpncKOM jesiiKy, H Koja npe^cTaB^bajy iisBecne caMorjiacmiKe HJIH cyrjiacHHKe y jesiiKy, a sa Koje nnje 6iuio napo- snaKa y cxapoj a36yu;H. Eapa^nh je yseo - 57 : <yje ce rjiaTKO H HSBpeno. HapaBHO je, ^a ce TaKBa saacna pe$opMa naje Morjia sasecTH sa je^an ^an, HHTH 6es jaKe onosHDjuje O.U, OHHX KOJH Cy Ce 6HJIH HaBHKHH Ha CTapH MeTOfl nncaiba H na CTapn KEbnaceEHH jeanK. Kapannh H H>eroBe npHCTajnm;e Mopajm cy H3/i;pmaTH naj^yhe H Hajorop^ieHHJe nana^e sa TiHTaBHX geTp/i;eceT ro^nna. TeK nocjie 1860. ro/i;, cpncKa BJia/i;a nosyKJia je sa- 6pany nose as6yKe H npaBonnca. AJIH join npe 1850. ro^;. CBH 6ecnpncTpacHH: KH>HaceBHHii;H 7 a napo^HTO MJia!)H ^E>yAH, CTajin cy na CTpany ByKa CT. Kapa- nnlia, ycBOJHJiH cy H>eroBy as6yKy H npaBonnc, H nn- cy KH>nre na HHCTOM cpncKOM jesHKy. OBO je ciuiHor nojiera pasBnhy MO^epne cpncKe KH>H- CpncKH necHHn;ii HOBOT ,o,o6a. Hnje lie napo^;, TIHJH cy npocTH H HenncMeHH neBa^iH cne- sajiH CTOTHHaMa 6ajia/i;,a o napo^KHM jynauHMa H H>H- XOBOJ 6op6n ca TypuHMa, HMaTH Me^y o6pa3OBanHM H niKOJiOBaHHM CHHOBHMa ^,ocTa necHHKa. Cp6n HO- Bor /i,o6a HMajy s6H^ba H cyBHme necHHKa! ToBOpehH H KpHTH^IKH, H6 MO3KeMO pehll ^a CMO HMaJIH ca,n,a 36n^ba BejiHKor necHHKa. AJIH CMO csaKOJaKO BHHie H>HX, KOJH cy .n.oniJiH 6nH3y BennmiHe. heMO caMO one HOMeiiyTH, KOJHMa he ce Cp6n 1. JEyKHJan MymH^KH, apXHMan/i,pHT, ManacTHpa IIlHHiaTOBii;a, 1814 1828 ; saiHM enncKon EapJiOBa^KH (yMpo 1837.). OH je nncao naTpnoTCKe o^e y cxapon KJiacHiiHOM o6jiHKy, H BehnnoM na cjiaBeHO-cep6cKOM jesHKy. CaMO BHina Knaca o6pa3OBaHnx ^by^i yMena je ^,a HJCHH ysBHHieHOCT n^eja, nncTOTy ocehaja H JienoTy H>eroBHX cTHXOBa. CacBHM je npn- pp. KO,I; Mace napo^a Hberosa nojesaja Hiije 2. CnMa MmiyTHHOBHh Capajjinja. Pofyen y CapajeBy, npecTOHHii;H Bocne, ro.0,. 1791, yMpo je y Beorpa^y, npecTOHiin;H Cp6nje, nociie^pber ^ana ro^nne 1847. OH je 6no HajopHrHHajiHHJH o^ CBHX cpncKHX necHHKa ^eseTHaecTor BeKa. Kao BaTpen 58 OH je onesao rjiaBne ^ora^aje cpncice tiCTOpnje, a HapOTJHTO ^ora^aje npsor cpncKor ycTaima npOTHB TypaKa nofl Kapatyopfyen, H Apyror no^ MmronieM 06peHOBnheM. IBeroBO rjiaBHO ftejio je Cep6HJaHKa, y KOMe je xepojcKa 6op6a Cp6a oniicaHa TOIEJIO, na- TpHOTCKH H necHH^KH. ^a 6n ftao sKe/sena nspasa CBOJHM necHH^KHM BHSHJaMa, OH je trecTO Mopao pp. nosaJM^byje pe^iii HS CTapo-cjiOBencKor, a iioneita/i; HS pycKor jesHKa, ajin je naj^ienihe CTBapao nose pe^in Koje cy My Tpe6ajie, ajin mijn npasn CMncao niiTaon;H cy c MyKOM pasyMesajiH. &era je TeniKO 6es Translation 20. HJIH XpBaxH 3. BpanKO Pa^H^eBHh (p. 1824., yaipo 1853.). OH je csaKOJaKO HajjinpHnnnJH o/i, CBHX cpncKnx nec- HHKa ^eBeTHaecTor BeKa. EberoBe cy necMe nncane HaJMHJIOSByTIHHJHM H HaJTIHCTHJHM CpHCKHM jeSHKOM ; H>eroB CTHX je jiaK H caBpnien. Belinna H>eroBiix ne- caMa onncyje 6e36pn5KHy BecejiocT MJia^eaiii. AJIH ne- KOJIHKO ro/yiHa npe# CMpT OH je Hanncao neKOJiiiKO ejiemja H ^KajiocHHK H MejraHxojiiraHHX necana. ILe- roBe ^>y6aBHe necMe Bpzo cy Jiene H H>emHe. Haj- nonyjiapHHJa o/i, H>eroBHx necana je ({"Ba^KH PacTa- naK, y KOJOJ omicyje ^CHBOT t>aKa naJBiinie uiKOJie y KapjiOBi],jiivia, npecTOHHii;H naTpujapxa yrapCKiix Cp6a, H acHBonncHy jienoTy OKOJinne. Je^an o^; 6pe- roBa, KOJH je Hajjienme oniicao y TOJ necMii, ca/i;a ce 30Be y HberoBy cjrasy, BpaHKOB BHC. 4. llexap IleTpoBHh Bberyni, nocjie,a,H>H Knes- Bjia^HKa II,pH Tope. Pofyen 1813, y ceny H>eryniy y I^pnoj Topn, nocTao je EHes-Bjia^HKa CBOJe sen^be ro/i;. 1830, Kao ^enKO OR ce/i;aMHaecT ; y^ipo je 1851. r. OH je 6no ^as CiiMe MnjiyTHHOEnha Capajjinje, H csa- KOJaKO je o/i, H>era Haynno ,o;a nspamasa csoje MHCJIH H BHsnje CHJIHO H HspasHTO. IBeroBO naj6o^i>e H naj- SHaMeHHTHJe /i,ejio je FopCKH BnjeHaH. To je paMa y CTHxy, ana 6es ^paMCKe pa^ite, HHS opiirimajiHHX H ^HBHHX JinpCKHX necaMa, oniicyjyhii ^CHBOT I^pno- ropaii,a, Ebuxose norjie^e na cser, H>nxoBe npe/i,pacy,i;e, 59 H Hapo^HTO H>HXOBO jyHaniTBO. OHO je nyHO HHTHX ocehaja H ysBHinemix MHCJIH. Ja ra sa Hajjienine ,o,ejio Mo^epne cpncKe KitnaceBHOCTH. He- Maite je nena H>eroBa erym nanncao no/i; yrnnajeM ^HB^eiba ^aHTa H MmrroHa. IlecHHK ce Tpy/jH fta penni BejiHKH npo6jieM nojioataja H oncTaHKa ^lOBeKOBa y Bace^>eHH. ^OBeniija Ay nla BO^ena je^- HHM antiejiOM ^ojiasn npe^; npecTO BoacnJH, H OH,n;a ce noicasyje Bace^bena npe CTBOpeaa OBor cseTa, sa spene no6yne CaTane npOTHB Bora, npn KOJOJ ra je no6ymi ^,pym je^an najin Anbeo, A^aM, noMarao. AJIH ce A,o,aM sa BpeMena noKaje, H M-GCTO ^a 6y^; y IlaKao, H>era nocTase na HOBy njianeTy, Kojy je Bor 6no CTBOpno napo^HTO sa TO ^a no- cjiy^KH Kao MecTO Kasne sa A/i;aMa H H>eroBe noTOMKe. OBO je y onniTe Bpjio sna^ajan cnes. Ifcerosa /i;paMa jTaaHH u;ap, Illhenan Majin, sannM^HBa je je/^mo Kao onnc HjpnoropCKor acHBOTa H o6n^[aja. 5. 3naj JOB an JosaHOBiih. Po^en 1833, yMpo 1904. r. OH ce o^jiHKOBao Kao Hsspcan npeBO^HJiaii; CTpane noesnje y ftHBHe cpncKe CTHXOBe. Ifcerose opnrHHajiHe necMe BehnnoM cy jiupCKe, ajin cy MHore H caTHpHTine H nia^bHBe. 3a nocjie^itux ro^nna SCH- BOTa My OH je nspa^o MHOPO ^TZHJEX necaMa. ^H- CTOTa H sBy^HOCT Eberosa jesnKa, npHpo^a jiaKoha H jienoTa H.eroBa cjiHKa, 6oracTBO n^eja, H TonjiOTa H /i,y6HHa ocehaja, y^innnjie cy JoBanoBHha o^ HajnonyjiapHHJHx o^ Mo^epnux cpncKHx necHHKa. 6. TBypa JaKinnh (p. 1832., ynpa 1878.), H necHHK. Eberose jinpCKe H encKe necne HMajy nyno .SKapa H CTpacTii H spjio cy nonynapne. OH nna MHOPO opiirnHajiHOCTH. H>eroBa nojesnja yrHii;ajia je jaKO na Hapo,n,Hy Manny. Ca EberymeM H 3naj JOBOM OH ce CMaTpa sa BejiHKana Ha cpncKOM IlapHacy. OCHM necaMa H cneBOBa OH je nanncao /i^Ba^eceT H fteBeT KpaTKHx npnnoBe^aKa, H Tpn ApaMe. OBC nocjie^ae HHcy oft sejiHKe Bpe^HocTii, ajin npunoBeTKe cy ,o;o6po HanncaHe H /i,ajy Bepny cjiHKy ceocKor acHBOTa KO^; cpncKor Hapo,3,a. 7. JEasa KocTHh. je join JKHB, ajin OH npima^a rpynn ^aposnrnx necHHKa us APY re nonoBHHe ,T,eBeT- 60 HaecTor seKa. OH je BHCOKO o6pasoBaH ^OBCK H HS- Bpcan jrapCKH necHHK; ajin OH ce Hapomrro o^JiHKyje THMe, IHTO je nanncao Tpn naj6o.>e ftpaivie Koje je #0 ca^a HMajia cpncKa KH>H3KeBHocT, a TO cy : MaKCHM UjpHOJeBiih, IIepa Cere^HHau; H Pop/],aHa. H>e- rosa je Taicofye sacjiyra HITO je npeseo ycnenino na HleKcnnpaBor PoMeo H Jyjinjy, Kpa*i>a XaMJieTa H Pn T iapji ) a III. 8. HnKOJia ILeTpoBHli Ifcerour, n;pHoropCKii Bjia^ajylia ^nnacTHJa I^pne Tope, IleTpOBHliH IfceroniH, ftasajia je y HeKOJiHKO napaniTaja Cp6nMa He caMO ciiocoone H ycnenme BJia,n,ape UJpne Pope, H BejiiiKe H no6e^,OHOCHe Bol)e u;pHoropCKe BOJCKC, Beh H ^by^e nna^ie snaMenHTe ca CBOJHM /j;apOM, na- po^iHTO ca necHH^iKHM /i;apOM. IIoMeHyo caM Beh ^;a je nocjie^H>H Knes-Bjia^HKa DJpHe Pope, IleTap Ile- TpOBnli Eberoni, 6110 HaJBehn necniiK cpncKor napo^a y ^eseTHaecTOM seKy. OTau; Kaasa HiiKOJie^ BejinKH BoJBO/^a Mnpico, 6no je H caM pol)eH napo^HH nesa^i, H ca^HHHO je ^Ba^eceT H r u,eBeT cneBOBa onncyjyhii 6ojese H cjiasehn no6e^e Ljmoropana na^ Typu;iiMa sa spene #en,eHHJe 1852 1862. HosnaTO je, r n;a cy CBH CHHOBII H Kliepn Kftas HiiKOJie BeoMa ^apOBimi na OBaj HJIH onaj Hannn. IIoTpe6HO je caMO ^;a no- MeneM H>eroBy Khep Jejieny (Kpa^i>iiu,y TajinjancKy), Koja je He JIOHI cjiimap H necniiK ; #OK cy H>ena cecTpa Ana (IIpHHi],e3a BaTendepinKa) H H>en 6paT IIpHHii; MlIpKO HOSHaTH Ca My^H^IKHM KOMnOSIIHHJaMa. Kn>a3 HnKOJia OTno^eo je csoje necHimKe pa^OBe Kao ^e^iKO o/i; Henynnx ce r u,aMHaecT ro,n,HHa (ro,a;. 1858.). EberoBe Jinpcne necine ^asajie cy nspasa H>eroBOJ JIH^- HOJ no6oacHOCTH, H>eroBOM noiHTOBaiby ycnoMena na o^ieBe ii npao^ieBe My, H>eroBOM naTpiiOTiisMy, a ^01^- Hiije H iteroBOJ ^>y6aBH ^onaher acHBOTa, Kjerose atene H ,a,eu,e. Eberosa naTpnoTCKa necMa OnaMO ! onaMO ! KOMHOHOBana y jieny MysnKy nesa ce Kao Hapo^a XHMHa KO/I, CBHX Cp6a. OH ce ca ycnexon onpo6ao y encKOJ noesHJii: ((xKeHH^a Bera yLy6oBHlia. Ce- JHM BeroM Ppa/i,, Xan^;aHa, IlpeHa, HJIH Ocsojeae II,apiirpa/i,a, IIecHHK H BiiJia H APY re - AJIH je HaJBajKHHJe oft iteroBHx /i;ejia BajiKaHCKa y CTnxoBHMa, y Tpii aKTa. Ty ce 61 oroicyje jyHaniTBO njpHoropCKHX ncena, KOJHMa je nec- HIIK nocBeTHO CBOje #ejio. Osa ce ^pana ca BejiHKHM ycnexoM npecTas^bajia y cpncKHM nosopimrniMa y Beo- rpa/i;y, na IJermby, H y HOBOM Ca,n;y (ATHHH yrapCKHX Cp6a). IIpeE'e^ena je na neMa*iKH, xojian^CKH H Ma- IjapCKH, a ^ejiHMHi];e n na Translation 21. Cp6ii H.IH XpBaTii CpnCKH ftpaMaT'HCTH H HOB6JIHCTH. Cp6n cpasMepno BBJIHKH 6poj ^paMCKnx nncan;a. ^o ca,n;a nncy /i,ajiii 36n^ba BejiiiKor ,n,paMCKor nncu,a, ajin HMa HeKOJiHKo KH>iiaceBHHKa, ^HJe /i,paMe sacjiyacyjy #a ce noMeny Kao sna^iaJHe. IIpBO MecTO Me^y anna npnna^a MaTHJH Bany (pol). 1818., ynpo 1903.), necnnK H ny6jiHi^HCTa. O/i, EberoBiix neTHaecT /i,paMa H Tpare^nja Haj6o^>e cy : MejpHMa, ((Ila/i, BejiHKor HoBropo^;a, I^ap JIa3ap. Bnine o# ne^ecer ro,n,HHa MejpHMa je ca^iysajia CBOJe MOCTO y penepToapy cpncKnx nosopnniTa. Bpjio npo^yKTHBan nncau, ftpaMa, Tpare,u,HJa H KOMe^nja 6no je Josan nonoBHh CT'epnja (1806 1856). EberoBa Haj6o^>a KOMe^nja Tsp/i,Hi];a H ^anac y no^eTicy Rsa- ^,eceTor BeKa npecTaB^ba ce. Eberosa naj6o^a Tpare- ^iija CMaTpa ce ^a je Kpavt CTQ^SHI ^e^iaHCKH. - "Bopl^e MajieTiili (1816 1888) nanncao je HeKOJiHKo ,zi,o6pHX ,a,paMa Koje cy 6njie nonyjiapne H3Mel)y 1850 H 1880, Hapo^HTo: AnoT^O3a BejiHKor Kapal)op!)a, IIpeTe^e Cpncse Cjro6o,zi;e, CnpT 6yrapcKor Kpa^sa MnxaHJia. Pannje caM noMenyo ^pane Jlase KocTHha H Kitasa HiiKOJie. Me3)y ^sy^HMa MJia^e reHepan;HJe (0,3; 1880 #0 jj,anac) nsBpcne /^pane nanncajin cy T^paryrnH Hjinh (KpaA ByKaniHH, JaKBHHTa, 3a Cjio6o/i,y H Bepy), Mmioni I^BeTHh (HeMaH>a, I^ap ^yinam), To/i,op o/i, CTajiaha). HajnonyjiapHHJe KOMe^nje nanncajiH cy MnjiOBan rjiiiniiib. H BpanncjiaB Hymiih. - - Tpe6a ^a Ka^ceM ^,a cy H KOM-e^je KocTe TpH(j)KOBHha (1843 ,3,0 1875) 6njie spjio nonyjrapne y /i,Py ro J 62 Ila^a floera y omi, ,T,a Cp6n TaKO ooraTii j CKHM H ^paMCKHM necHHHHMa je/i,Ba aKO HMajy Hose- jincTe. y canoM no^ieTKy ^eseTHaecTor BeKa HMajin cy cane pOMaHTH^me H ceHTHMeHTajiHe HOBejie MHJIO- Bana Bn^aKOBpiha (1780 1841). Eberose HOBejie, naponiiTO ycaM.*eHH JyHOina 7 ^by6oMnp y Jejra- cnyMy, CHnoaH H Mmzena, HJIH CpnKHH>a y EH- rjiecKoj, 6mie cy seona nonyjiapne KO^, napo^a y OHO Bpene Ka# cy nsauuie. 0^ Bii f i;aKOBHha na ^,0 Cp6n cy HMajin caMO je^nor sacjiymnHJer HOBC- - - JaKOBa HnbaTOBHha (18241889). OH je nanncao je^ny HCTopujcKy HOBe.iy ((TBypal) Bpan- KOBHh, je/^iy MS ^pyniTBenor atHBOTa cpncKor Mn- jian HapaHHiih H je^y ftoCTa pOMaHTH^ny - - Man- cop H JeMH^>a. Eao HaKHa/i;y sa TO Mory noKasaTH npHJiH^an 6poj Bpjio i^apOBPiTiix nncai];a KpaTKiix npiraa. IIpBii je Meljy OBHM JEasa K. JIasapeBHh (1851 1890), ca no necpehn csera ocaai KpaTKHX npnnoBe^aKa, Koje cpeTHHM H36opOM npe/^MTa, /i,y6oK KOM cry^HJOM H ejieraHTHOM nposoM, ca npaBOM ce CMaTpajy Kao ysop onor HITO xpe6a ,n;a 6y,n,e . - - HajopnrHHajiHHJH 0,3; nncan;a 6no je HecyMH>HBO Cp6iiH CTJenan MnTpos ^by6niHa (1824 1878). EberoBe npn^e HS IIpHMOpja H I^pne rope, Kao H ByKa ^oj^HHOBHha)), nncane cnaacHHM H CTHJIOM, ca H3o6n^beM JiOKajrae H noKpaJHHCKe 6oje H o6jiHKa, 6p3O cy ra y^HHHJie seona nonyjiapHHM. - Mnjian r B. MnjinhesHh, Hjinja ByKiiheBiih H JaHKO BecenHHOBiih ^,ajiH cy naM ^iiBHe njyre HS atHBOTa y cpncKHM cejiHMa H najiaHKaMa. Je/i,aH KH>H- 3KCBHHK, KOJII J6 XyMOpOM H /l,o6pohy^HOM CaTHpOM 6no na nyTy #a nocTane cpncKH ^HKGHC, CTCBan Cpenau;, na majiocT je ynpo H cyBHiue pano (1906.). HeKe OR H>eroBHX npn^ia, HBKOBa CjiaBa 7 na npn- Mep, ca ycnexoM cy ^paMaTHSOBane. - - Je/i,aH o,u; naj- 6o^>HX npnnoBe/i,aqa y #aHaiiiH>e ,a;o6a y Cp6nJH je CuMa MaTasy.t KOJH, po^OM HS ^ajiManiije, sehimoM us T'e seM^te ysnna npe/i^eTe H HS o6jiHacH>e Iljme Tope. Ha CTporo nay^HOM no^y HMaiEH CMO neKa^a (y ocaMHaecTOM BeKy) /i,ajiMaTHHCKor Cp6nHa, Py^epa , 63 BoiHKOBHha, $HJioco(f)a cBeTCicor rjiaca, iiapa, acTpOHOMa H (jmsn^iapa. Y ^eseTHaecTOM seicy CMO BejiHKor 6oTaHH*iapa. ^p. Jocn(j)a IlaH- (18141888), n HMaMO join jeftHor oft HaJBehiix H3H*iapa nanier ,o,o6a - - HHKOJTJ Teeny, KOJH ocTajyliH A,^ a P cpncKH naTpnoTa, ca,n,a je no- /j,aHHK Cje,u,HH>eHHx ^pacaBa. - - Ca^a .ajsa MJia^a npo- ({)ecopa na Beorpa^cKOM ynHBepsnTeTy npHByKJia cy na ce naatH>y esponcKHX nayqiiaKa. Je^aH je ,Hp. ^iHJa cy reorpa(J)CKa HCTpaatHsaHba na Baji- IIojiyocTpBy BHCOKO n;eH>eHa o/i, TeorpacfjCKor y Be^iy, Bepjinny, Hapnsy H JIon^OHy. ^pyra je npo(f)'ecop MeTa<|)H3HKe na HCTOM ynHBepSHTeTy, ^p. BpaHHCJias IleTp'OHHJeBHli, nnje je opnrHHajmo cxBaTaH>e BejiHKHx (^HJIOCO^CKHX npo6jieMa y^HHiuio ra Beh ,o;o6po nosnaTHM y EsponH H Cje/i,HH>eHHM y ({)HJiojiorHJH HMaMO, ceM cjiaBHor Byica Ea- pa^nha, aeroBor ^>aKa H npirjaTe^ba, 'Bypa ^ann- ^nha, ca MHoro6poJHHM (|>HJIOJIOHIKHM pa,a,OBHMa, H se- JIHKHM pe^IHHKOM XpBaTCKOr H CpHCKOF jeSHKa. jan l^aK "Bype ^aHH^nha je CTOJan ca MHOPHM rpaMaTH^KHM H ({JHJIOJIOHIKHM HoBaKOBHh, ca/i,a npe^ce^HHK CpncKe Epa^eseKe Aica- ^eMHJe, y HCTO je speMe H npBH cpncKH HCTOpn^ap Hanier ( n,o6a. ILeroBO H3/i,apbe 3aKOHHKa I^apa ^y- inaHa y csaKOM je norjie/i,y yrjie/i,HO. y HCTOpnjcKOM HCTpaacHBaiby, nope^ CTOJana Ho- BaKOBnha, Ilpocjecop /By6a EoBa^eBHh, ^by6a JoBaHOBHh, JoBan ToMHh ncTaKJin cy ce. AJIH je Hapehe ycjiyre HCTOpHJCKOJ Hayun H KPHTH^IKOJ CTy- /i,HJH CpncKe HcTOpnje y^iHHHO ApXHMan^pHT Hjiapnon PyBapan; (1842 1906). H ja caM Hanncao je/gay CTy- #HJy o Cp6nJH y neTnecTOM Beicy (TBypal) BpaHKOBHh), Koja je ,zi,o6po npHM^bena. Moja Monorpa(f)HJa o Oc- Bojen>y I^apHrpa^a o/i, TypaKa npeBe^ena je na en- , pycKH H innancKH Printed by C. F. Winter, Darmstadt. Educational Works and Class-Books METHOD GASPEY-OTTO-SAUER FOR THE STUDY OF MODERN LANGUAGES. PUBLISHED BY JULIUS GROOS, HEIDELBERG. tWith each newly-learnt language one wins a new soul. Charles V. At the end of the 19 th century the world is ruled by the interest for trade and traffic; it breaks through the barriers which separate the peoples and ties up new relations between the nations.* William II. ^Julius Groos, Publisher, has for the last fifty years been devoting his special attention to educational ivories on modern languages, and has published a large number of class-book^ for the study of those modern languages most generally spoken. In this particular department he is in our opinion unsur- passed by any other German publisher. The series consists of 300 volumes of different sizes which are all arranged on the same system, as is easily seen by a glance at the grammars wftich so closely resemble one another, that an acquaintance with one greatly facilitates the study of the others. This is no small advantage in these exacting times when the knowledge of one language alone is hardly deemed sufficient. The textbooks of the Gaspey - Otto -Sauer method have, within the last ten years, acquired an universal reputation, increasing in pro- portion as a 1$nowledge of living languages has become a necessity of modem life. The chief advantages, by which they compare favorably with thousands of similar books, are lowness of price and good appearance, the happy union of theory and practice, the clear scientific basis of the grammar proper com- bined with practical conversational exercises, and the system, here conceived for the first time and consistently carried out, by which the pupil is really taught to speak and write the foreign language. To this method is entirely due the enormous success with which the Gaspey-Otto-Sauer textboolcs have met; most other grammars either content themselves with giving the theoretical exposition of the grammatical forms and trouble the pupil with a confused mass of the most far-fetched irregularities and exceptions without ever applying tJiem, or go to the other extreme, and simply teach him to repeat in a parrot- like manner a few colloquial phrases without letting him grasp the real genius of the foreign language. The system referred to is easily discoverable: 1. in the arrangement of the grammar; 2. in the endeavour to enable the pupU' to understand a regular text as soon as possible, and above all to teach him to speak the foreign language; this latter point was considered by the authors so particu- larly characteristic of their works, that they have styled them to distinguish them from other works of a similar kind Conversational Grammars. The first series comprises manuals for the use of Englishmen and consists of 55 volumes. Our admiration for this rich collection of works, for the method dis- played and the fertile genius of certain of the authors, is increased when we examine the other series, idiich are intended for the use of foreigners. In these works the chief difficulty under which several of the authors have laboured, has been the necessity of teaching a language in a foreign idiom ; not to mention the peculiar difficulties which the German idiom offers in writing school-books for the study of that language. Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer for the study of modern languages. We must confess that for those persons who, from a practical point of view, wish to learn a foreign language sufficiently well to enable them to write and speak it with ease, the authors have set down the grammatical rules in such a way, that it is equally easy to understand and to learn them. Moreover, we cannot but commend the elegance and neatness of the type and binding of the boo%s. It is doubtless on this account too that these volumes have been received with so much favour and that several have reached such a large circulation. We willingly testify that the whole collection gives proof of much care and industry, both with regard to the aims it has in vieiu and the way, in which these have been carried out, and, moreover, reflects great credit on the editor, this collection being in reality quite an exceptional thing of its feind." . . . ... t. (Extract from the Literary Review.) All books bound. English. Editions, Elementary Modern Armenian Grammar by Gulian Arabic Grammar by Thatcher .......... Key to the Arabic Grammar by Thatcher ......... Arabic Chrestomathy by Harder ......... Conversation -Grammar by Thomas Key to the Danish Conversation - Grammar by Thomas Dutch Conversation-Grammar by Valette. 3. Ed. Key to the Dutch Con vers. -Grammar by Valette Dutch Reader by Valette. 2. Ed. French Conversation-Grammar by Otto-Onions. 14. Ed. . . net Key to the French Convers.-Grammar by Otto-Onions. 8. Ed Elementary French Grammar by Wright. 4. Ed French Reader by Onions 'Materials for French Prose Composition by Otto-Onions. 5. Ed. . . French Dialogues by Otto-Corkran German Conversation-Grammar by Otto. 29. Ed net Key to the German Convers.-Grammar by Otto. 21. Ed Elementary German Grammar by Otto. 9. Ed First German Book by Otto. 9. Ed German Reader. I. 8. Ed.; II. 5. Ed.; III. 2. Ed. by Otto . . each Materials for translating English into German by Otto- Wright. 7. Ed. Key to the Mater, f. tr. Engi. i. Germ, by Otto. 3. Ed German Dialogues by Otto. 5. Ed Accidence of the German language by Otto-Wright. 2. Ed. . . . Handbook of English and German Idioms by Lange . . . German Verbs with their appropriate prepositions etc. by Tebbitt . TheHanssa language (DieHaussasprache; la langue haoussa) by Seidel Hindustani Conversation -Grammar by Clair-Tisdall Key to the Hindustani Convers.-Grammar by Clair-Tisdall Italian Conversation-Grammar by Sauer-de Arteaga. 9. Ed. net Key to the Italian Convers.-Grammar by 8auer-de Arteaga. 8. Ed Elementary Italian Grammar by Motti. 4. Ed Italian Reader by Cattaneo. 2. Ed Italian Dialogues by Motti Japanese Conversation-Grammar by Plaut Key to the Japanese Oonv. -Grammar by Plaut s. ja. Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer for the study of modern languages. Engrlish. Editions. Modern Persian Conversation-Grammar by St. Clair-Tisdall . Key to the Mod. Persian Convers.-Grammar by St. Clair-Tisdall Portnguese Conversation-Grammar by Ey Key to the Portuguese Convers.-Grammar by Ey .Russian Conversation-Grammar by Motti. 3. Ed Key to the Russian Convers.-Grammar by Motti. 3. Ed. ....... Elementary Russian Grammar by Motti. 3. Ed Key to the Elementary Russian Grammar by Motti. 3. Ed Russian Reader by Werkhaupt and Roller Spanish Conversation-Grammar by Sauer-de Arteaga. 7. Ed. net Key to the Spanish Convers.-Grammar by Sauer - de Arteaga. 5. Ed. ... Elementary Spanish Grammar by Pavia. 2. Ed. Spanish Reader by Arteaga . . . . , Spanish Dialogues by Sauer-Corkran . Elementary Swedish Grammar by Fort. 2. Ed Turkish Conversation -Grammar by Hagopian Key to the Turkish Oonvers.- Grammar by Hagopian Edition. Kleine detltsche Sprachlehre fur Araber von Hartinann Armenian. Edition. Kleine englische Sprachlehre fur Armenier von Gulian Editions. Kleine deutsche Sprachlehre fur Bulgaren von Gawriysky. 2. Aufl. Kleine englische Sprachlehre fur Bulgaren von Gawriysky . . Kleine franzosische Sprachlehre fur Bulgaren von Gawriysky . Kleine mssische Sprachlehre fur Bulgaren von Gawriysky . . JDu.tcli Editions. Kleine Bngelsche Spraakkunst door Coster Kleine Fransche Spraakkunst door Welbergen Kleine Moogduitsche Grammatica door Schwippert. 2. Dr. . . Kleine Spaansche Spraakkunst door van Haaff Sleutel bij de kleine Spaansche Spraakkunst door van Haaff French Editions. Grammaire allemande par Otto-Nicolas. 18. l&d Corrige des themes de la Grammaire allemande par Otto-Nicolas. 7. ]d. . Petite grammaire allemande par Otto-Verrier. 10. Ed Lectures allemandes par Otto. I. 8. 3d., II. 5. tfd., III. 2. d. each Erstes deutsches Lesebuch von Verrier Conversations allemandes par Otto-Verrier. 5. Ed Grammaire anglaise par Mauron- Verrier. 11. ^ld Corrige des themes de la Grammaire anglaise par Mauron-Verrier. 5. td. . . Petite grammaire anglaise par Mauron. 7. Ed Lectures anglaises par Mauron. 3. ]d Conversations anglaises par Corkran. 2. !^d Grammaire arabe par Armez Corrige des themes de la Grammaire arabe par Armez . Chrestomathie arabe par Harder . . , . . La langue congolaise par Seidel-Struyf Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer for the study of modern languages. French Editions. Grammaire espagnole par Sauer-Serrano. 6. Ed Corrige des themes de la grarnra. espagn. par Sauer-Serrano. 5. d. . . . Petite grammaire espagnole par Tanty. 3. Ed Lectures espagnoles par Arteaga Grammaire grecqne par Capos CorrJge des themes de la Grammaire greoque par Capos Petite grammaire hoiigroise par Kont Corrige des themes de la petite grammaire hongroise par Kont Clirestomathie hongroise par Kont Grammaire italieuiie par Sauer. 11. &1 Corrige des themes de la Grammaire italienne par Sauer. 7. Ed Petite grammaire italienne par Motti. 5. fid . . . Clirestomathie italienne par Cattaneo. 3. ]d Conversations italiennes par Motti. 2. ld. Grammaire japo liaise par Plant Corrige des themes de la Grammaire japonaise par Plaut Grammaire iieerlandaise par Valette. 3. ^d CorrigS des themes de la Grammaire neerlandaise par Valette Lectures ne'erlandaises par Valette. 2. Ed Grammaire portugaise par Armez Corrige de la Grammaire portugaise par Armez Grammaire roumaiiie par Lovera Corrige des themes de la Grammaire roumaine par Lovera Grammaire rnsne par Fuchs-Nicolas. 4. ^d . CorrigS des themes de la Grammaire russe par Fuchs-Nioolas. 4. d. Petite grammaire russe par Motti. 2. ]d Corrig6 des themes de la petite grammaire russe par Motti. 2. d Lectures russes par Werkhaupt et Roller Petite grammaire guedoi&e par Fort Chairman Editions. Arabische Konversations-Grammatik v. Harder. 2. Aufl. . . . Schlttssel dazu v. Harder. 2. Aufl Arabische Chrestomathie v. Harder Kleine arabische Sprachlehre v. Harder Bnlgarisclie Konversations-Grammatik v. Gawriysky . . . . Schliissel dazu v. Gawriysky ' Chinesische Konversations-Grammatik v. Seidel Schlttssel dazu v. Seidel Kleine chinesische Sprachlehre v. Seidel Schlttssel dazu v. Seidel Danische Konversations-Grammatik v. Wied. 2. Aufl. . . . . Schlttssel dazu v. Wied. 2. Aufl Duala Sprachlehre und Worterbuch v. Seidel Kiigliselie Konversations-Grammatik v. Gaspey-Runge. 25. Aufl. Schlttssel dazu v. Runge. 5. Aufl Englisches Konversations-Lesebuch v. Gaspey-Runge. 6. Aufl. . . Kleine englische Sprachlehre v. Otto-Runge. 8. Aufl Schlttssel dazu v. Runge Englische Gesprache v. Runge. 3. Aufl Materialien z. tJbersetzen ins Englische v. Otto-Runge. 4. Aufl. . . Englische Chrestomathie v. Supfle- Wright. 9. Aufl Handbuch englischer und deutscher Idiome v. Lange Ew-e Sprachlehre und Wo'rterbuch v. Seidel Kleine finnische Sprachlehre v. Neuhaus Franzttsische Konversations-Grammatik v. Otto-Runge. 28. Aufl. Schlttssel dazu v. Runge. 5. Aufl Franz. Konv.-Lesebuch I. 10. Aufl., II. 5. Aufl. v. Otto-Runge. a . . m . Julius Groos, Heidelberg. Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer for the study of modern languages. Grexma,n Editions. Franz. Konv.-Leseb. f. Madchsch. v. Otto-Run^e 1. 5. Aufl., II. 3. Aufl. k Kleine franzosische Sprachlehre v. Otto-Siipfle. 10. Au6 Schlussel dazu v. Otto-Supfle. 2. Aufl. . Materialien z. Ubersetzen ins Franzosische v. Runge FranzSsische Gesprache v. Otto-Runge. 9. Aufl Franzosisches Lesebuch v. Siipfle. 11. Aufl Italienisclie Konversations-Grammatik v. Sanoi. 13. Aufl. . . Schltissel dazu v. Cattaneo. 5. Aufl Italienisches Konversations-Lesebuch v. Sauer. 5. Aufl Italienische Chrestomathie v. Cattaneo. 3. Aufl Kleine italienische Sprachlehre v. Sauer. 10. Aufl. ....... Schlussel dazu v. Cattaneo. 2. Aufl. ..... Italienische Gesprache v. Sauer-Motti. 5. Aufl ftbungsstiicke zum tubers, a. d. Deutschen i. Ital. v. Lardelli. 5. Aufl. Japan iscke Konversations-Grammatik v. Plaut Schlussel dazu v. Plaut Marokkanische Sprachlehre v. Seidel Neugriechisclie Konversations-Grarnmatik v. Petraris .... Schlussel dazu v. Petraris Lehrbuch der neugriechischen Volkssprache v. Petraris ISTiedLerlandisclie Konversations-Grammatik v. Valette. 2. Aufl. Schlussel dazu v. Valette Niederlandisches Konv.-Lesebuch v. Valette. 2. Aufl Kleine niederlandische Sprachlehre v. Valette. 3. Aufl Polnische Konversations-Grammatik v. Wicherkiewicz. 3. Aufl. . Schlttssel dazu v. Wicherkiewicz. 8. Aufl Portugiesisclie Konversations-Grammatik v. Ey Schliissel dazu y. Ey Kleine portugiesische Sprachlehre v. Kordgien-Ey. 5. Aufl. . . . limiiaiiiHche Konversations-Grammatik von Lovera Schlussel dazu von Lovera Kussisclie Konversations-Grammatik v. Fuchs. 5. Aufl Schlussel dazu v. Fuchs. 5. Aufl Russisches Konversations-Lesebuch v. Werkhaupt . Kleine russische Sprachlehre v. Motti. 3. Aufl Schlttssel dazu v. Motti. 3. Aufl JSchwedische Konversations-Grammatik v. Walter. 2. Aufl. . . Schlussel dazu y. Walter. 2. Aufl. . Kleine schwedische Sprachlehre v. Fort. 2. Aufl Serbisclie Konversations-Grammatik v. Petrovitch Schlussel dazu v. Petrovitch Spanische Konversations-Grammatik v. Sauer- Ruppert. 10. Aufl. Schlttssel dazu v. Ruppert. 4. Aufl Spanisches Lesebuch v. Arteaga Kleine spanische Sprachlehre v. Sauer. 7. Aufl Schlussel dazu v. Rnnge. 2. Aufl Spanische Gesprache v. Sauer. 4. Aufl Spanische Rektionsliste v. Sauer-Kordgien Maahili Konversations-Grammatik v. Seidel . . Schlussel dazu v. Seidel Suahili Worterbuch v. Seidel Tscliechi&clie Konversations-Grammatik v. Maschner Schlussel dazu v. Maschner Tfirkische Konversations-Grammatik v. Jehlitschka Schlussel dazu v. Jehlitschka Kleine ungarische Sprachlehre v. Nagy. 2. Aufl Schlussel dazu v. Nagy Ungarische Chrestomathie v. Kont Julius Groos, Heidelberg:. Method Gaspey-Otto-Saner for the study of modern languages, Ghreek: Editions- Kleine deutsche Sprachlehre fur Griechen von Maltos . . Deutsche Gesprache fur Grieclien von Maltos Kleine englische Sprachlehre fiir Griechen von Deffner . . Kleine russische Sprachlehre fur Grieclien von Maltos . . Italian Editions. Grammatica araba di Farina Chiave della grammatica araba di Farina Grammatica francese di Motti. 4. Ed Chiave della grammatica francese di Motti. 3. Ed Grammatica elementare francese di Sauer-Motti. 4. Ed. . . Letture francesi di Le Boucher Conversazioni francesi di Motti Grammatica del Chreco volgare di Palumbo Grammatica inglese di Pavia. 6. Ed Chiave della grammatica inglese di Pavia. 3. Ed Grammatica elementare inglese di Pavia. 3. Ed Letture inglesi di Le Boucher Grammatica elementare portoghese di Palumbo .... Grammatica russa di Motti . : : Chiave della grammatica russa di Motti Grammatica spagnnola di Payia. 4. Ed Chiave della Grammatica spagnuola di Pavia. 3. Ed Grammatica elementare spagnuola di Pavia. 3. Ed Grammatica elementare svedese di Pereira Grammatica tedesca di Sauer-Ferrari. 8. Ed Chiave della Grammatica tedesca di Sauer-Ferrari. 4. Ed Grammatica elementare tedesca di Otto. 6. Ed Letture tedesche di Otto. 5. Ed Antologia tedesca di Yerdaro Conversazioni tedesche di Motti. 2. Ed Avviamento al trad, dal ted. in ital. di Lardelli. 5. Ed. . . IPolislx Edition. Kleine deutsche Sprachlehre fiir Polen von Paulus . . . Fortngmese Editions. Gramatica alema por Prevot. 4. Ed Chave da Gramatica alema por Otto-Prevot. 2. Ed Gramatica elementar alema por Pre'vot-Pereira. 4. Ed. . . . Grammatica francesa por Tanty-Vasconcellos. 2. Ed. . . Chave da Grammatica francesa por Tanty-Vasconcellos. 2. Ed. . . Livro de leitura francesa por Le Boucher Livro de leitura inglesa por Le Boucher Grammatica elementar sueca por Pereira Ronma.n Editions. Gramatica francesa de Leist Cheea gramaticia francese de Leist Elemente de gramatica francesa de Leist. 2. Ed Conversa^iunl francese 'de Leist. 3. Ed Gramatica germana de Leist Cheea gramaticii germane de Leist . . . . Elemente de gramaticS germana de Leist. 2. Ed Conversajjiuni germane de Leist. 2. Ed Julius Groos, Heidelberg. Method ftaspey-Otto-Sauer for the study of modern languages. Russian Editions. Grammar for Russians by Hautf. 2. Ed. Key to the English Grammar for Russians by Hauff. 2. Ed French Grammar for Russians by Malkiel Key to the French Grammar for Russians by Malkiel German Grammar for Russians by Hauff. 2. Ed Key to the German Grammar for Russians by Hauff. 2. Ed Italian Grammar for Russians by Mozejko Key to the Italian Grammar for Russians by Mozejko Japanese Grammar for Russians by Plaut-Issacovitch . . . . Key to the Japanese Grammar for Russians by Plaut-Issacovitch Elementary Swedish Grammar for Russians by Fort-Issacovitch . Servian Editions. Kleine deutsche Sprachlehre iiir Serben von Petrovitch . . . . Kleine englische Sprachlehre fur Serben von Petrovitch . . . Kleine franzosische Sprachlehre fur Serben von Petrovitch . . Spanish Editions. Gramatica al email a por Ruppert. 4. Ed. . T Clave de la Gramatica alemana por Ruppert. 3. Ed Gramatica elemental alemana por Otto-Ruppert. 7. Ed Gramatica francesa por Tanty-Arteaga. 2. Ed Clave de la Gramatica francesa por Tanty-Arteaga. 2. Ed Gramatica sucinta de la lengua francesa por Otto. 5. Ed. . . Libro de lectura francesa por Le Boucher Gramatica inglesa por Pavia. 3. Ed Clave de la Gramatica inglesa por Pavia. 3. Ed. . Gramatica sucinta de la lengua inglesa por Pavia. 5. Ed. . . . Libro de lectura inglesa por Le Boucher Gramatica sucinta de la lengua italiana por Pavia. 4. Ed. . . Gramatica sucinta portliguesa por Carrillo Gramatica sucinta de la lengua rnsa por d'Arcais Olave de la Gramatica sucinta rasa por d'Arcais Swedish Edition. Kleine deutschelsprachlehre fur Schweden von Walter .... Tchech. Editions. Kleine dentsche ISprachlehre fur Tschechen von Maschner . . . Franzosische Konv.-Grammatik fur Tschechen von Maschner . Schliissel dazu von Maschner Txxrliisli Editions. Kleine dentsche Sprachlehre fur Tiirken von Woly Bey-Bolland Deutsches Lesebuch fur Tiirken von Wely Bey-Bolland ..... Conversation-Books by Connor in two languages: English-German. 2. Ed. . . 2 Deutsch-Rumanisch .... English-French. 2. Ed. . . 2 - Deutsch-Russisch English-Italian. 2. Ed. . . 2 Deutsch-Schwedisch. . . . English-Russian 3 Deutsch-Spanisch . 2. Ed. . . English-Spanish. 2. Ed. . . 2 - Deutsch-Turkisch English-Swedish 2 - Fra^ais-Italien. 2. Ed. . . Deutsch-Danisch 2 Fran9ais-Espagnol .... Deutsch-Franzosisch. 2. Ed. . 2 - Fran9ais-Portugais .... Deutsch-Italienisch. 2. Ed. . 2 - Fran9ais-Russe Deutsch-Niederlandisch . . 2 Italiano-Spagnuolo .... Deutsch-Portugiesisch ... 2 Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer for the study of modern languages* Conversation -Books by Connor s. 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 d. 6 6 6 in three languages: in four languages: Italian . . Russe . . Neerlan- [dais Tedesco . Inglese Francese . Deutsch . Englisch . Franzosisch Italienisch The Traveller's Companion by Motti. No. No. 1. for Germans: Englisch . .Is 43. for Frenchmen : 2. Franzosisch 1 44. 3. Italienisch . 1 45. 4. Russisch . . 1 5. Niederlandiachl 61 . for Italians : 21. for Englishmen: German . . 1 62. 22. French . . 1 63. 23. Italian . . 1 81. for Russians: 24. Russian . . 1 82. 25. Dutch ... 1 83. 41. for Frenchmen: Allemand . . 1 84. 42. Anglais . . 1 German Language by Becker ... . . Spanish. Commercial Correspondence by Arteaga y Pe DaniSCher Sprachfiihrer von Forchharnmer . . . Richtige Aussprache d. Musterdentschen v. Dr. E. Danr Kiigliselie Handelskorrespondenz v. Arendt. 2. Aufl. Kurze franzosische Grammatik von H Runge . reira . . iheisser, br. Franz. Sprachl. f. Handelssch. v. Dannheisser, Kiiffner u. Oft'eumullor Italienische kaufm.Korresp.-Gramm.v. Dannheisser u.Sauer. 2. Aufl. II correttore Italian o von Mayo-Gelati Anleitung z. dentKcheii, franz., eiigl. u. ital. briefen von Oberholzer u. Osmond, br. Geschafts- Spanische Handelskorrespondenz von Arteaga y Pereira . . . Kleines spanisches Lesebuch f. Handelsschulen v. Ferrades-Langeheldt Le danois parle par Forchhammer Correspondance commerciale espagnole par Arteaga y Lensrua alemana de Becker Pereira The Publisher is untiringly engaged in extending the range of educa- tional works issuing from his Press. A number of new books are now in course of preparation. The new editions are constantly ^improved and kept up to date. Julius Or oos, Heidelberg. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. < tfl DEC 21 13 REC'D L.D MAY 6 . LD 21-95m-ll,'50(2877sl6)476 SEP26 1987 SEP 1 6 198) U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES I '* * 31 9544 . UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY