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CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, 
 
 THE PROPERTY 
 
 OF A 
 
 POLITICAL ECONOMIST. 
 
■Jo'iTin TN 
 
 CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, 
 
 THE rROrEllTY 
 
 POLITICAL ECONOMIST 
 
 CRITICAL xVND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
 
 Alii quidem ftrminas amant, alii equos, alii aves, alii feras ; mihi vcro a puerulo 
 mirum acquirendi ct possidendi libros insedit desiderium. 
 
 Jul. Imp. 
 
 The reading of books, what is it, but conversinjr with the wisest men of all ages 
 and all countries, who thereby communicate to ns their most deliberate 
 thoughts, choicest notions, and best inventions, couched in good expression, 
 and digested in exact method ? 
 
 Barrow. 
 
 LONDON. 
 M D C C C L X 1 1. 
 
y\ 
 
 > 
 
 *^* Practically there is but little difference between borrowing and stealing 
 books. The thief looks upon those which he has purloined as his property, and 
 never once thinks of restoring them to their rightful owner ; and the borrower, 
 though he may sometimes, perhaps, have that intention, very rarely carries it 
 into effect. The latter, however, is by far the more dangerous of the two ; it 
 being infinitely less difficult to defend oneself against petty larceny, than against 
 the solicitations of a friend begging for the loan of a book. — Anon. 
 
 GENERAL 
 
rUEFACE. 
 
 This Library is the result of a pin-snit whidi I have followed 
 with uninteiTii})ted ardour for more than half a century. My 
 maternal grandfather, with whom I passed a considerable portion 
 of my youth, was very fond of books, of which he had a considerable 
 number* I presume that his example inspired me with a taste 
 for them. But whether that be so or not, I very early acquired, 
 and have continued faithful to that taste. For a lengthened 
 period the means which I could with projiriety devote to the 
 purchase of books were very limited. I have seldom, however, 
 confined myself strictly within these means, but have usually 
 appropriated a larger share of my income to their purchase than 
 should, perhaps, due regard being had to other claims, have been 
 devoted to that object. Their acquisition has been a business in 
 which I have always taken the greatest interest ; it has not palled 
 upon me for a single moment ; and their possession, besides the 
 gratification it has aflTorded, has been so far useful that it has 
 enabled me to finish works of much research and labour without 
 either resorting to public libraries, or borrowing books. 
 
 When young I was a great reader of history and geography, and 
 my earliest efibrts in book-buying were principally directed to the 
 acquisition of the ordinary and cheapest books on these subjects. 
 But as the sphere of my knowledge began to expand, so did my 
 tastg for different varieties of literature. I had early the advantage, 
 or disadvantage, I do not venture to say which, of being left to 
 follow those studies, and read those books which I preferred, and 
 to chalk out pursuits for myself After I had the good fortune to 
 
 * They -were sold by auction in the country, and brought a mere trifle, I have not 
 one of them. 
 
 102203 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 become possessed of greater, though still limited means, I began 
 to please myself ^yith the idea of forming a select yet comprehensive 
 library. And though the prospect of this idea being realized to 
 any considerable extent, when it first began to be entertained, 
 was extremely Mnt, the present Catalogue shows that pei-severance 
 has pretty well overcome some of the more formidable difficulties 
 in its way. 
 
 Though in many respects very deficient, I believe that this 
 Library will be found to contain a valuable assortment of the best 
 and most useful books in literature and general science in the 
 English and French languages, with a fair selection of Classics, 
 and a sprinkling of Italian and Spanish authors. The collection of 
 books on Political Economy, the study of which has been the 
 principal business of my life, comprises most part of the works of 
 any value in that science. But neither in that nor in any other 
 department have I bought books because they happened to be 
 scarce. Unless they had something else than rarity to recommend 
 them, they have not been inquired for by me. 
 
 Neither have I sought to acquire early editions, or what are 
 called black-letter books. But I acknowledge myself to be an 
 ardent admirer of well-printed handsome volumes. I have cared 
 little for large paper editions. But books from the presses of 
 the Elzevirs, Barbou, Foulis, and other great artists, have always 
 been objects of my solicitude, and I have not hesitated to enrich my 
 shelves with sundry copies of the same works, when they could 
 boast of such illustrious parentage. 
 
 I also confess to the folly, if such it be, of being no less an admirer 
 of well-bound than of well-printed books. In this respect, indeed, 
 as in the love of books in general, I am only a humble follower of 
 my great economical chief. Adam Smith had an extensive and 
 choice collection of books, which he held in the highest estimation, 
 and which, for the most part, were extremely well bomid. He was 
 accustomed to say that, if in nothing else, he was " a beau in his 
 books." 
 
 It is, no doubt, very easy to ridicule the taste for fine books, and 
 their accumulation in extensive libraries. But it is not more easy 
 than to ridicule the taste for whatever is most desirable, as superior 
 clothes, houses, furniture, and accommodations of every sort. A 
 taste for improved or fine books is one of the least equivocal 
 
marks of tlie progress of civilization ; ami is as miu-li to l>c preferred 
 to a taste for those that are coarse and ill got up, as a taste for the 
 pictures of Reynolds or Turner is to be preferred to a taste for the 
 daubs that satisfy the vulgar. A man acts foolishly if he spend 
 more money on books or anything else than he can afford ; but the 
 folly will be increased, not diminished, by his spending it on mean 
 and common, rather than on fine and uncommon works. The latter 
 when sold invariably bring a good price, more perhaps than was 
 paid for them, whereas the former either bring nothing, or next to 
 nothing. 
 
 I have seldom neglected any opportunities, of which I could avail 
 myself, to substitute superior for the inferior copies of books in 
 my possession. This, indeed, is the only way in which it seems 
 to be practicable to acquire a collection of books in good or 
 fine condition. It may not, perhaps, be difficult to find the books, 
 provided you are content to take them in the state in which they 
 are usually found. But it is quite a different matter, if you wish to 
 have select or choice copies. These are always scarce, and sometimes 
 of very great rarity. And though there be no books in this Collection, 
 or, if any, very few, that have cost extravagant prices, yet they are, 
 speaking generally, in remarkably good order ; and will, in that 
 respect, I believe, be surpassed by few collections of about the same 
 extent. 
 
 It will be to no purpose to look in this Catalogue for expensive 
 works of county and natural history. I cared little for either the 
 one or the other. And though it had been otherwise, the deficiency 
 of ways and means would have been an effectual obstacle to my 
 indulging a taste for them. To this cause may also be ascribed the 
 fewness of the works on the fine arts here to be met with. 
 
 The' passion for books, like that for most other things, may be said, 
 when carried beyond certain limits, to become a vice. And despite 
 the compulsory abstinence now refen-ed to, most people to whom 
 I have been kno\vn may probably be inclined to think that in my 
 case it has not unfrequently passed these limits. But I am un- 
 willing to admit that such has been the case ; that a pursuit which 
 has yielded me so much gratification has been injurious. I allow 
 that it has absorbed too large a portion of my moderate means ; 
 but, perhaps, had it not existed, or been less powerful, I might have 
 been seduced into other and not more profitable pursuits, and which 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 might have been less pleasant in the retrospect. On the whole, 1 
 am disposed to conclude that my hobby has been advantageous 
 rather than otherwise. 
 
 Gibbon says that in forming his library he soon adopted the 
 tolerating maxim of the elder Pliny, nullum esse lihruTn tarn 
 malum ut non ex aliqud j)arte 'prodesset. But in this respect 
 I have not followed the example set by the historian. I have 
 endeavoured to find out the books that bore the highest character 
 in the different departments of literature and science ; and of these, 
 when I bought any, I endeavom'ed to select the best or most useful 
 editions. It appears to me to be bad husbandry to purchase whole 
 sacks of chaff for the sake of the few grains of wheat they may 
 chance to contain. The extraction of the latter costs more than they 
 are worth. I have not aimed at the collection of a large, but 
 rather of a choice library. 
 
 In compihng this CatalogTie I have not, in so far as I am aware, 
 followed in the wake of any former collector. The books are 
 arranged partly and principally in alphabetical order and partly in 
 classes. But the principal feature is the notices of the books. These 
 are most commonly of a critical, but sometimes, also, of a biblio- 
 graphical character. The former usually consist of short notices 
 setting forth the merits or demerits of the works to which they are 
 applicable. I have anxiously endeavoured to render them just and 
 true ; but farther than this I have had no fixed rule or plan. I have 
 not given them when, perhaps, they were most necessary ; but only 
 when I fancied they might be useful, or that I had something 
 pertinent to quote or to say. "What I have said has been expressed 
 shortly, but without being parsimonious of praise or censure, when 
 it appeared that either was deserved. 
 
 I have compiled this Catalogue partly for my own satisfac- 
 tion, but principally that it might form some memorial of this 
 Collection after it has been, as it most probably will be, broken 
 up and dispersed. I hope it may have the good fortune to be 
 approved by those who may look into it, and I leave it to their 
 indulgent appreciation. 
 
CATALOGUE. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abbott's Treatise of ilie Law relative to Shipping, &c. Sec Maritime 
 
 Law, Works on. 
 Abeillard : La Vie do Pierre Abeillard, Abbe de S. Gildas, et cello 
 
 d'lleloise sou Epouse. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1728. See Bcrington. 
 Abercrombie : Inquiries concerning the Intellectual Powers and the 
 
 Investigation of Truth, by John Abercrombie, M.D., F.R.S.E. 8vo. 
 
 4th ed. Edinburgh, 1833. Calf, ex. 
 Abreges Ciironologiques, Collection of, viz. : — 
 
 Ab. Chrou. de ITIistoire de la France, par M. Ileuault, 6me edition. 
 
 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 17G1. 
 
 La meme corrigee et augmentee par Walcknaer, avec une con- 
 
 tinuation. 8vo. 6 vols. Paris, 1821. 
 "Ces deniieres annees n'ont-elles pas produit le seul livre de chronologie dans 
 lequel on ait jamais peint les mceurs des liommes, le caractcre dcs cours et des 
 siecles ? ouvrage qui, s'il ctait scchenient instructif, comme tant d'autres, serait le 
 meilleiir de tous, et dans lequel I'auteur a trouve encore le secret de plaire ; partage 
 reserve au tres-petit nombre d'homn^es qui sont suptrieurs a leurs ouvrages." — 
 (Voltaire, JiK-langes Litteraires.) 
 
 ■ Ilistoire du Droit Publique d'Allemague, par M. Pfeffel. 12mo. 
 
 2 vols. Paris, 1777. 
 . Histoire des Grands Fiefs de la Couroune de France (par Brunet). 
 
 12rao. Paris, 1759. 
 
 Histoire Ecclesiastique (par Macquer). 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 
 
 1768. 
 i Histoire du Nord, par M. Lacombe. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1762. 
 
 Histoire d'Espagne et de Portugal, par MM. Macquer et Lacombe. 
 
 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1765. 
 
 Histoire Ancienne des Empii-es et des Republiques, par Lacombe. 
 
 12mo. Paris. 1767. 
 
 Histoire Ottomane, par M. De La Croix. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 
 
 1768. 
 
 Histoire Romaine (Republique), par Macquer. 12mo. Paris, 1756. 
 
 Histoire des Empereurs (Remains), par Ad. Richer. 12mo. 2 
 
 vols, Paris, 1754. 
 
 Histoire Uuiverselle. 12mo. Paris, 1757. 
 
 Histoire de ITtalie, par De St. Marc. 12mo. 6 vols. Paris, 
 
 1761. Gilt leaves. 
 . Ilistoire des Juifs, (par Charbuy.) 12mo. (scarce). Paris, 1759. 
 
 Histoire de Flandre, par M. A. Pauckoucke. 12mo. (very scarce). 
 
 Dunkerque, 1762. 
 . ■ ■ Histoire des Papes, depuis St. Pierre jusqu'a Clement XIV. (par 
 AUetz.) 12mo. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1776. 
 
 A 
 
Abkeges Chronologiques, Collection o?—cont. 
 
 Ilistoire de Lorraine, (par M. Henriquez.) 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 
 
 Vilo. 
 Tablettes Chronologiques de I'Histoire Universelle, par Dufresnoy, 
 
 revue par M. De La Brujere. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1778. 
 
 This is a more complete collection thanis usually to be met with of this class of books. 
 They present the leading facts of the histories of the countries to which they refer, 
 arranged in chronological order. Hence they are easy of consultation ; and 
 while they suffice for the wants of the general, superficial, or impatient reader, 
 they refresh the memory of the student, and furnish him with references to the 
 more important subjects of inquiry. Millot's Abrcge of the history of England, 
 and De Sacy's Abrege of the history of Hungary, may be added to the collection. 
 
 The Abrege of the history of France by Henault, the first of the series, originally 
 appeared in 1744. It was highly and desei-vediy praised by Voltaire and other 
 popular writers, and paved the way for the works of the same class by which it 
 was followed. They are, of com'se, very unequally executed ; but, on the whole, 
 they are highly creditable to their authors, and are exceedingly useful publications. 
 
 The history of Germany by Pfeffel is a work of very great merit. It is frequently 
 referred to by Robertson ; and Gibbon has pronounced it to be " the best legal and 
 constitutional historythat he knew of." Pfeffel's "learning and judgment have," said 
 he, " discovered the'most interesting facts ; his simple brevity compresses them in a 
 narrow space ; his chronological order distributes them under the proper dates ; and 
 an elaborate index collects them under their respective heads."— (Decline and Fall, 
 V. 165, 4to. ed.) The Italy of St. ^tarc is, however, the most elaborate. But its plan 
 embraces too many particulars, combined with too much minuteness of detail. 
 Had it been continued on the same plan down to a comparatively recent period, it 
 would have been invaluable ; but it would have filled some 20 or 30 volumes. The 
 histories of the North, of Spain and Portugal, the Ottoman empire, &c., afford a 
 sufficient outline of the history of these coimtries. The Chronological Tables 
 of Lenglet Dufresnoy, which are required to complete the set, embrace a great 
 many particulars, and are as correct as they are useful. 
 
 Henault contributed, in 1756, a paper to the Memoirs of the Academy of Inscrip- 
 tions (tome xxviii. p. 611), on the history and composition of Abreges Chrono- 
 hqiques. He briefly states the difficulty of succeeding in a species of 
 wi'iting oh Vespace est si court, ou la moindre negligence est un crime, oil rien 
 (Tessentiel ne doit echapper, oil ce qui n'est pas necessaire est xin vice, et, oil il faut 
 encore essayer de plaire au milieu de la severite. da laconisme et des entraves de la 
 precision. But when these difficulties are overcome, the result is all that can be 
 wished for. Henault regards the Historia liomana of Velleius Paterculus as 
 one of the best models of an abridged history. But Paterculus, though admirable 
 in many respects, is deficient in the precision and accuracy that are indispensable 
 in a first-class abrege. And Henault's own work, or that of Pfeffel, is the 
 best model hitherto given to the public for this variety of publications. 
 
 Absenteeism. See Ireland, Works, on. 
 
 AcADEMiE (Memoires de 1') des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, depuis 
 1701 jusqu'a sa Cloture en 1793. 4to. 50 vols. Avec le Tableau general. 
 Paris, 1717-1805. Eed mor., fine. 
 
 Gibbon says, with reference to the purchase of a portion of this great work, " I cannot 
 forget the joy with which I exchanged a bank-note of twenty poimds for the 
 twenty volumes of the Memoirs of the Academy of Inscriptions. Nor would it 
 have been easy by any other expenditure of the same sum to have procured so 
 large and lastmg a fund of rational amusement." — (Misc. Works, i. 119.) 
 
 AdA-IR : A History of the American Indians, by James Adair, Esq. 4to. 
 London, 1775. Calf, ex., H. & B.* 
 
 ♦ Messrs. Henderson and Bisset, Bookbinders, Edinburgh. 
 
3 
 
 Adams on Weights and IMeasurcs, -wliicli sec. 
 
 Addison : The MisceUaneous Works, in Verso and Prose, of the Right 
 Hon. Joseph Addison. 8vo. 4 vols. Loudon, 1765. Calf, gilt. 
 
 The prose style of Addison has heen happily characterized hy Johnson, in terms 
 which afford, at the same time, a very admirable specimen of his own distinguish- 
 ing peculiarities : — 
 
 •' His prose is the model of the middle style, on grave subjects not formal, on light 
 occasions not grovelling, jnire without scrupulosity, and exact without aj^parent 
 elaboration ; always equable, and always easy, without glowing words or pointed 
 sentences. Addison never deviates from his tract to snatch a grace ; he seeks no 
 ambitious ornaments, and tries no hazardous innovations. His page is always 
 Imninous, but never blazes in unexpected splendour. 
 
 " It was apparently his principal endeavour to avoid all harshness and severity of 
 diction : he is, therefore, sometimes verbose in his transitions and connexions, and 
 sometimes descends too much to the language of conversation ; yet if his language 
 had been less idiomatical, it might have lost somewhat of its genuine Anglicism. 
 What he attempted, he performed ; he is never feeble, and he did not wish to be 
 energetic. His sentences have neither studied amplitude nor affected brevity ; his 
 periods, though not diligently rounded, are voluble and easy. Whoever wishes to 
 attain an English style, familiar but not coarse, and elegant but not ostentatious, 
 must give his days and nights to the volimies of Addison." 
 
 Adolphus : The History of England, from the Accession of George III. to 
 thePeaceof 1783, by John Adolphus, Esq., F.A.S. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 
 1810. 
 
 Agriculture : Works on, viz. : — 
 
 Danbeny : Lectures on Roman Husbandry, delivered before the 
 
 University of Oxford, comprehending an Account of the System 
 of Agriculture, the Treatment of Domestic Animals, the Hor- 
 ticulture, &c. of the Romans, by Charles Daubeny, INl.D., 
 F.R.S., &c. 8vo. Oxford, 1857. 
 This is but a poor book. It evinces little acquaintance either with agricultural or 
 
 economical science, and is in no respect worthy of the important subject of 
 
 which it treats. 
 
 A Treatise on Agriculture and Rural Affairs^ by Robert Brown. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. Pxlinburgh, 1811. 
 
 Elements of Practical Agriculture, by David Low, Esq., Professor 
 
 of Agriculture in the University of Edinburgh. 4th edition. 8vo. 
 Edinburgh, 1843. 
 
 On Landed Property and the Economy of Estates, by the same. 
 
 8vo. London, 1844. 
 
 Tenancy of Land in Great Britain, by Messrs. Kennedy and 
 
 Grainger. 8vo. London, 1828. 
 
 Report on the Agriculture of E. and W. Flanders, by the Rev. 
 
 Thomas Radcliffe. London, 1819. Calf, ex. 
 
 The Husbandry of the Ancients, by Adam Dickson, A.M. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1785. Calf, ex. 
 . The Agriculture and Rural Economy of France, Belgium, Hol- 
 
 land, 8cc., by Henry Coleman. 8vo. London, 1841. 
 
 Rural Recollections, or the Progress of Lnprovement in Agricul 
 
 ture and Rural Affairs (in Scotland), by George Robertson, 
 8vo. Irvine, 1829. Calf, ex., II. & B. 
 
 A work which gives a more interesting and authentic account of the progress of 
 agriculture and rural economy in Scotland since the accession of George 111. in 
 1760, than is to be found anywhere else. 
 
 a2 
 
Agriculture : Works on — cont. 
 
 ., Eecherches Historiques et Ci'itiques sur FAdministration des Terres 
 
 cliez les Romains, (par M. Butel Dumont.) 8vo. Paris, 1779. 
 A learned and valuable work. 
 
 . Young's Agricultural Works. See Young. 
 
 i English Agriculture in 1851 and 1852, by James Caird, Esq., M.P. 
 
 8vo. London, 1852. 
 The gift of my intelligent friend the Author. 
 
 Those who compare the statements in this -n-ork with those in the tours of Arthur 
 Young will learn the progress made in agriculture in England in the interval. 
 But this, though very great, has not been nearly so great as that made by agri- 
 culture in Scotland during the same period. This may be in part accounted for 
 by the fact that in 1770 agriculture was far less advanced in Scotland than in 
 England, and that consequently it had a greater field in which to advance in the 
 fonner. But this, though considerable, is by no means sufficient to account for 
 the extraordinary progress of improved husbandry in Scotland during the last 
 half century. We incline to think that the practice of granting leases in the 
 latter has had in this respect a powerful influence ; and the more general diffusion 
 of knowledge in Scotland, by weakening local pi-ejudices, has also contributed, in 
 no ordinary degree, to facilitate the introduction of improved processes, 
 
 ■ ■ . A General View of tlie Agriculture and Domestic Economy of 
 
 North Wales, by Walter Davies, A.M. 8vo. London, 1813. 
 
 A General View of the Agriculture, &c,, of South Wales, by the 
 
 same. 8vo. 2 vols. London. 
 
 A Memoir on the Advancement of Agriculture, and on Agrarian 
 
 Laws, from the Spanish of Don G. M. de Jovellanos. 8vo. 
 London, 1810. 
 N.B. — This valuable work is extracted fi'om Laborde's View of Spain, with a new 
 title. See Jovellanos. 
 Agriculture, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Holkham, its Agriculture, &c., by Edw. Kigby, Esq., M.D., 1818. 
 
 2. Eemarks on Live Stock, &c., 1806 (by Dr. Andi-ew Coven tiy, 
 
 1st Professor of Agricultm-e in the University of Edinbiu-gh). 
 
 3. Scotch Farming in the Lothians, by R. H. Greg, Esq., 1842. 
 
 4. Obsers-ations on IVIr. H. Greg's Pamphlet, by H. Davis, Esq., 
 
 1842. 
 
 5. On Guano as a Fertilizer, by C. W. Johnson, Esq., F.R.S., 1843. \ SvO, 1 vol. 
 
 6. Remarks on the present State of Agriculture, by Charles 
 
 Shaw Lefevre, Esq., M.P. (now, 185.5, Speaker of the House of 
 Commons), 1836. 
 
 7. Manm-es most advantageous for different Soils, by Richard 
 
 Ivirwan, Esq., F.R.S., 1796. 
 
 1. Letter on the State and Prospects of Agriculture, by W. W." 
 
 AVhitmore, Esq., M.P., 1822. 
 
 2. On the depressed State of Agriculture, by James Cleghom, 1822. 
 
 3. Address to the Landlords of the United Empire, by C. C. Western, 
 
 Esq., M.P., 1822. 
 
 4. Address to the Owners and Occupiers of Land, by the Right 
 
 Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart., 1822. 
 
 5. Letter to the Earl of Liverpool on Agricultural Dish-ess, by 
 
 James Richards, 1822. j, o , , 
 
 6. Letter to the Duke of Hamilton on the Present Situation of * ^ 
 
 Agriculture, 1822. 
 
 7. Letter to the Proprietors and Occupiers of Land on the Declen- 
 
 sion of Agricultural Prosperity, by Lord Erskine, 1823. 
 
 8. Rentals of Great Britain and Ireland, by a Scotch Landholder 
 
 1822. 
 
 9. Observations on the Present State of Landed Property, by David 
 
 Low, Esq., 1823. 
 
Agricdltuue, Tracts on 
 1 
 
 -cont. 
 
 Hiph Fanninfi; unrler Liberal Covenants the best Substitute for" 
 rrotectiou, by .lames C'aird, 1849. 
 
 2. High Fanuing A' indicated, by James Caird, 1850. 
 
 3. The I'reseut Trices, by the Kev. A. Iluxstable, 18.50. 
 
 4. Kent no Robbery, by George Makgill, Esq., 1851. 
 
 5. Review of the Agricultural Statistics of France, by the Earl of 
 
 Lovelace, 1848."' With MS. Note of Author. 
 
 6. Remarks on thorough Draining and deep Ploughing, by James 
 
 Smith, Esq., of Dean.ston, 1844. 
 
 7. The Rough Notes of a Farmer during an Agricultural Tour J- 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 through Russia, Prussia, Denmark, and Sweden, in August 
 1842, by T. F. Salter, 1846. 
 
 8. A General Priced Catalogue of Implements, Seeds, Plants, &c., 
 
 1844. 
 
 9. Appeal to the Common Sense of the Countrj-, by David Low, 
 
 Esq. (Professor of Agriculture in the University of Edinburgh), 
 1850. 
 10. Letters to John Bull, Esq., by Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, Bart., 
 1851. 
 
 AiTREXS : Cour.s du Droit Naturel, ou de Philosopliie du Droit, par 
 H. Alirens. 2d edition. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1844. 
 
 AiKix : Life of Joseph Addison, by Lucy Aikin. Svo. 2 vol*. Loudon, 
 1843. 
 
 Journal of a Tour through North "Wales and Part of Shropshire, 
 
 by Arthur Aikin. 8vo. London, 1797. 
 
 An Essay on the Application of Natural History to Poetry, by 
 
 J. Aikin. 12mo. Warrington, 1777. 
 
 Annals of the Reign of George III., by John Aikin, M.D. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1816. Calf, ex. 
 
 Akenside : Poems of Mark Akenside, M.D. 
 leaves. 
 
 1772. Calf, ex., gilt 
 
 Albemarle : Memoirs of the J-Iariias of Rockingham and his Contem- 
 poraries, by the Eail oi" Albemarle. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1852. 
 
 Albigeois, Histoire tioc, ct c?es Vaudois ou Barbets (par M. Benoist). Post 
 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1705. 
 Written in a slavish and intolerant spirit, but useful for its facts. 
 Alison : Essays on the Nature and Principles of Taste, by the Rev. 
 - Archiliald Alison, LL.B. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1825. 
 An abridged view of Alison's theory is given by Lord Jeffrey in his admirable Essay 
 on Beauty in the Ency. Britannica. 
 
 . Military Life of the Duke of Marlborough, by Sir Archibald Alison, 
 
 Bart. 3d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1855. 
 Tracts on Money, Poor, &c. See those Sulyects. 
 
 All tue Talents. See Talents, All the. 
 
 Allen : Inquiry into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative in 
 England, by John Allen, Esq. A new edition. 8vo. London, 1849. 
 Prefixed to this edition are some interesting biograjihical notices of the author, and 
 annexed to it is a tract of his on the Life and Character of Eadwig. I have 
 another edition of the Inquiry, to which is added a tract by Allen, iu " Vindica- 
 tion of the Ancient Independence of Scotland." 
 
6 
 
 Allen — co7it. 
 
 The Essay on the Prerogative discovers a great amouBt of constitutional learning. It 
 is the principal memorial of a man who might, and most probably would, have 
 rendered important services to the public, had not his time and energies been 
 dissipated amid the luxurious frivolities of Holland House, Lord Holland once 
 said to me that he had advised Allen to publish an edition of Hume's England 
 with Notes ; and it is much to be regi-etted that he did not act upon his noble 
 friend's advice. There was probably no one else so well fitted for the proposed 
 duty. An edition of the History of England by him would have been invaluable. 
 There is a veiy favourable notice of Allen in Cockburn's Memorials, p. 127. 
 Alliboxe : 'A Critical Dictiouaiy of English Literature, and British and 
 American Authors, living and deceased, from the earliest accounts to 
 the middle of the Nineteenth Century, by S. Austin Allibone. Royal 
 8vo. (to be completed in 2 vols.) Double columns, and closely 
 printed. 1 vol. published. Philadelphia, 1859. 
 This is a work of vast labour. It will, it is said, contain (when completed) about 
 30,000 biographical and literary notices. Many of these are veiy elaborate 
 bringing together the principal criticisms on the works of the different authors 
 somewhat in the manner of Baillet, in his Jugemens des Savans {see Baillet). 
 The value of such a book depends, of course, mainly on the accuracy of the state- 
 ments it contains; and though we have not subjected the present work to any 
 very extensive or searching examination, we have been well satisfied with the 
 articles we have had occasion to look into. 
 
 Amekica : America and the Americans, by a Citizen of the World. Svo. 
 
 London, 1833. 
 Amos : Gems of Latin Poetry, with Translations, by various Authors, to 
 
 Avliich are added Notes and Illustrations by Andrew Amos, Esq. Svo. 
 
 Cambridge, 1851. /See Martial, in Classics and Translations. 
 
 Ancillon : Tableau des Eevolutions du Systeme Politique de I'Europe 
 depuis la fin du 15™^ Siccle, par Frederic Ancillon. Svo. 4 vols. Paris, 
 1823. Calf, ex. 
 
 This is a valuable work. It gives a rapid and interesting sketch of the diflferent 
 revolutions that have taken place ' ^ -Hii-ion. literature, and government, as 
 well as in the ten-itorial limits of th» ■*:'■-':]. i :'.\\ ■.^•^.j iitJons from the Middle 
 Ages downwards; and is written in a .il'ora! and :\.t!onHl «p'rit. 
 
 Prefixed to the first volume is an essay e.vi i'. '^'i;' < j^icvta, and defending the 
 policy of the " Balance of Power," which a; m^:,i d to be alike satisfactory and 
 conclusive. This balance is, in truth, a result of the common sense, or instinct 
 of nations, teaching them to provide for their own security and independence, 
 by combining together to prevent the undue exaltation of any single state. 
 Experience has sho^Ti that power is not merely liable to abuse, but that it 
 is certain that, sooner or later, it will be abused. And hence the policy of acting 
 on the maxim of obsta principiis, of preventing any state from acquiring an ascen- 
 dancy, which may, or rather will be used to the injury of the others. A policy of 
 this sort is essentially provident and conservative ; and such wars as may be neces- 
 sary for its maintenance have nothing in them of an aggressive character, but are 
 prosecuted from an enlightened regard to the common interest of nations. The 
 more this object is kept in view by the European powers, and the more they are 
 resolved to defend the principle of the established equilibrium, the more secure 
 will be their independence. It has long been customary to aiErm that France and 
 England are natm-al enemies of each other ; and much virtuous indignation has 
 been thro'wn away in denouncing what is said to be a most unchristian sentiment. 
 But, nevertheless, the affirmation is perfectly well founded. France and England 
 are near neighboiu's, and have, or are supposed to have, many conflicting interests. 
 Either is by its position and power able to inflict great injury on the other ; and 
 hence they are justly said to be natural enemies. It is not meant by this statement 
 to allege that they must always be at war, but merely that each is natwally, 
 
Ancillox — co)it. 
 
 or in virtue of its position, able to act -nith effect against the other ; that there 
 can be no doubt that in the long run some real or imaginary circumstance will 
 occur, to make them engage in hostilities ; and that where the parties are sueli near 
 neighbours, and each so capable of striking a deadly blow at the other, any war 
 in which they may engage will be prosecirted with a degree of bitterness unknown 
 to parties that wage distant contests. It is not with them a question of honour, or 
 of extent of dominion, but of national indeiiendence. Hence it is that the one 
 must be an object of perjietual jealousy or fear to the other. And if any proof 
 of what is so evident could be Avished for, is it not seen among conterminous states, 
 that when one embodies a few additional regiments, or sends a few more ships 
 of war to sea, the others are thrown into a state of the greatest excitement ? They 
 apprehend an attack ; and each hastens, by increasing its force, to provide for it.s 
 security. And hence it is that every state looks upon a powerful neighbour as 
 a necessaiy or natural, though not always an active or avowed enemy. 
 
 It results from these statements and the nature of the thing, that though an alliance 
 with a powerful neighbour, such as has happily subsisted for a good many years 
 between this country and France, be of the greatest importance to the well-being 
 of each, it never can be quite sincere, or without au arriac-pe>isie,hoih on the 
 one side and the other. The strongest expressions of cordiality and friendsliip 
 uniformly rest, in such cases, upon a basis of jealousy and suspicion which may, at 
 any time, be fanned into a flame. Each party knows that notwithstanding a .sense 
 of the advantages resulting from their alliance has made tlie other suppress or 
 conceal his apprehensions, these can never be eradicated ; and each is, therefore, on 
 his guard. 
 
 So long as Scotland was independent, she was the natural enemy of England; and, 
 for the same reason, she w^as the natural ally of France. Should the Southern 
 States of America establish their independence, Canada will be their natural ally, 
 and the Northern States their natural enemy. Position, independent of anything 
 else, suffices to make nations enemies or fi-iends. 
 
 Austria, for example, is a natiu-al and most valuable al'y of England; for they have 
 no opposing interests, and can seldom come into collision with each other. 
 But supposing either to be at war with France, the other may render her essen- 
 tial ser\'ice, as she has repeatedly done, by espousing her cause, or making a 
 demonstration in her favour. And hence it is above all things necessary to guard 
 against the aggrandizement of a powerful frontier state, or natiu-al enemy, and 
 to cultivate the friendship of those " ith which it may be in contact. 
 
 It may be said, perhaps, that owir t her insular situation, Great Britain is less 
 interested in the balance of r lan any other European state, and may 
 
 afford to overlook changes tha^ c not be overlooked by others. But an insular 
 
 situation is nothing without the >. .imand of the sea. And the application of steam 
 to the business of navigation has gone far to make, or rather has made, descents 
 and invasions practicable despite a great naval superiority. To allow in such 
 a state of things a preponderating power to grow up on the Continent, and then 
 trust to fleets for protection, would be a hazardous policy on our part. A thousand 
 circmustances may enable an enemy to elude or defeat the most fomiidable squa- 
 'drons. And supposing a descent to be effected, we should be left, witli the 
 certainty of vast injury, to contend single-handed with, perhaps, a gigantic power, 
 whose growth we might and ought to have checked at the outset. 
 
 I extract a paragraph from Ancillon, which is as correct in principle as it is well 
 expressed: — 
 
 " Quiconque pent nous faire du mal, vent ou voudi'a nous en faire. Tel est Ic prin- 
 cipe qui a guide I'homme dans la formation des societes politiques ; il a cn'e une 
 puissance qui contint dans tous les individus la volonte et le pouvoir de faire le 
 mal. Tel est encore le principe qui, dans plusieurs pays, a fait imaginer la divi- 
 sion et le partage des pouvoirs, parceque la puissance absolue du gouverneinent a 
 paru quelquefois un danger de plus qui pouvait menacer la siirete publiijue et le 
 but de I'association. Telle est enfin la maxime fondamentale et la base de toute 
 la politique. On ne peut pas se rcposer sur la vertu: elle est ou douteuse et equi- 
 voque, ou secrete et inconnue. Toutes les forces tienncnt de la nature des corps 
 expansibles qui cherchent a se dilater, on ne peut done partir, dans la grandc 
 societe des etats, cii le droit n'a point de garantie exterieure, que de Tabus pos- 
 sible, et mcme probable, de la puissance." — (Discours rrcliminairc, p. 20.) 
 
8 
 
 Anderson : Selectus Diplomatum et Numismcatum Scotise Thesaurus Jac. 
 Andersoni, auxit et locupletavit Thomas Ruddimaunus, Folio. 
 Ediuburgi, 1739. Morocco, ex. 
 This very valuable work consists of facsimile engravings of charters, seals, coins, 
 and other national muniments. It was patronised by the Scotch Parliament, 
 by -whom it was justly regarded as of national importance. Its publication did 
 not take place till more than 10 years after Anderson's death. The elaborate intro- 
 duction or preface, written in Latin by the celebrated Mr. Thomas Ruddiman, was 
 translated into English, and published separately in 1773. See Ruddiman. 
 
 Histoiy of Commerce. See Works on. 
 
 Croesus, [The History of,] King of Lydia, in 4 Parts. (By 
 
 Walter Anderson, D.D.) Post 8vo. Edinburgh, 1755. 
 This singular book is said to have originated in a joke of David Hume. 
 ■\Vhatever it has of history is borrowed fi-om Herodotus, but it is eked out with 
 dissertations on destiny, dreams, &c. Anderson also published several volumes 
 on the History of France, which fell still-born fi-om the press. The Philosophy 
 of Greece {see next Aiticle) is by much the best of his publications, and will 
 redeem his name from entire oblivion. He died in 1800, after having been for 
 more than 50 years minister of Chimside in Berwickshire. 
 
 ^ The Philosophy of Ancient Greece investigated in its Origin 
 
 and Pi-ogress, &c., by Walter Anderson, D.D. 4to. Edinburgh, 
 1791. Uncut, calf, ex. 
 
 _^ The Popular Scottish Biography, being Lives of Eminent Natives 
 
 of Scotland, brought down to the present Time, from the most 
 authentic Sources, by William Anderson, Esq. Thick post. 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1842. 
 A trustworthy and extremely useful little work. 
 
 Andreosst : Constantinople et le Bosphore de Thrace, par M. le Comte 
 Andreossy. 8vo. Paris, 1828. 
 
 Andres : Dell' Origine, Progressi, e Stato Attuale di Ogni Letteratura, 
 di Giovanni Andres. 4to. 8 vols. Roma, 1808. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 Hallam says of this work, that "it is an er'-aordinary performance, embracing both 
 ancient and modern literature in its laJ extent, and in many parts with little 
 assistance from any former publication of the kind. It is far better known on 
 the Continent than in England, where I have not frequently seen it quoted, 
 nor do I believe it is common in our private libraries." — (Literature of Europe.) 
 
 Andrevts : History of Great Britain, from the Death of Henry VIIL (in 
 
 continuation of Dr. Henry), by J. P. Andrews, F.S.A. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1806. See Henry. 
 Anet : A Collection of the Tracts of a certain Free Inquirer (P. Anet), 
 
 noted by his Sufferings for his Opinions. 8vo. London, V.Y. 
 Annuities and Reversionary Payments. See Milne, Morgan, Price, 
 
 Smart, &c. 
 Angling : Songs of the Edinburgh Angling Club, with Illustrations. 
 
 8vo, Edinburgh, 1858. Privately printed. 
 An extremely well got up book. It was given to ftie by Mr. Alexander Russell, 
 who is at once a first-rate editor (of the Scotsman), angler, and companion. 
 
 Anquetil : LTntrigue du Cabinet sous Henry IV. et Louis XIII. terminee 
 par La Fronde, par M. Anquetil. 12mo. 4 vols. Paris, 1780. 
 
 L'Esprit de la Ligue, ou Histoire Politique des Troubles de France 
 
 pendant lo 16"^ et 17™^ Siecles. 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1771. 
 
9 
 
 Axsox : A Voyage round the World, in the Years 1740-44, liy Gcorgo 
 Anson, Esq., afterwards Lord Anson, compiled from his Papers and 
 Materials by Eichard Walter, M. A. yth edition. 4to. London, l7o6. 
 
 AxsTEY : The Poetical Works of Christoplier Anstey, Esq., including 
 the New Bath Guide, with a Life of the Author. 4to. London, 1808. 
 Half Russia. 
 
 Anti-Jacobin, Poetry of. 6th edition. 12mo. London, 1813. Pale calf. 
 
 The Right Hon. George Canning was the principal contributor to this publication. 
 
 Nothing can exceed the terseness, pungency, and effect of the satire. The Loves 
 
 of the Triangles, a parody of Darwin's Loves of the Plants, is perfect alike in its 
 
 ■wit and versification. 
 
 Antillon : Elementos de laGeografia Astronomica, Natural y Politica, do 
 
 Espana y Portugal, por Don Isidore de Antillon. 12mo. Valencia, 1815. 
 
 AxTiQCiTiES : Grecian Antiquities, by Archbishop Potter, edited by 
 
 Dunbar. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1831. 
 
 by Wachsmuth. 8vo. 2 vols. Oxford, 1837. 
 
 by Herman. 8vo. Oxford, 1836. 
 
 Koman Antiquities, by Kennet. 8vo. Edinl)urgh, 1820. 
 
 by Adams. 8vo. London, 183 J. 
 
 by Fuss. 8vo. Oxford, 1840. 
 
 Biblical, by Jahn. 8vo. Oxford, 1836. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 All in liglit-coloured calf, uniform, PL & B. 
 Antiquities, Tracts on, viz 
 
 1. Recherches sur la Nature et I'Etendue d'un ancien Ouvrage des" 
 
 Romains, appelc comniunenient Briquetage de Mai-sal, etc., 
 par jVI. D. Arteze de la Sauvagere, 1740. 
 
 2. Meraoire sur la Ville Souterraine, d(>couverte au pied du Mont 
 
 Vesuve, 1748. 
 
 3. Dissertation sur un INfonument singulier des Utriculaires de 
 
 Cavaillon, ou Ton cclaircit un point interessantde la Navigation 
 des Anciens, par M. Calvet, etc., 1766. 
 
 4. Essai Historique et Critique sur les Atlantiques, dans leqiiel on 
 
 fais voir la conformito de I'Histoire de ce peuple avec celle des 
 IK'breux, par F. C. Baer, Aumonier, etc., 1762. 
 
 5. Essai sur le Feu sacrc et sur les Vestales, 1768. 
 
 6. Ilistoire Philosophique et Politique de Laccdemone, et des Loix 
 
 de Lycurgue, par M. I'A. D. G., 1768. 
 
 7. Theatre de plus beaux Monumens de Paris, 1770. 
 
 8. Traites de la Paix Genorale de I'Europe, en 1763. 
 These Tracts are all verj- scarce and difficult to be got. That on the Vestals is the 
 
 most complete dissertation on the subject. 
 
 1. Essay on the Study of Antiquities. 2nd edition, 17S2. "| 
 
 2. Essay on Certain Points of Resemblance between Ancient and I y , , 
 
 ilodern Greeks, by the Hon. Fred. J. N. Douglas. 3d edition, | ^^^^' ^ '^°'- 
 1813. J 
 
 Akago : Historical Eloge of James Watt, by M. Arago, translated by J. P. 
 Muirhead, Esq., M.A. ^to. London, 1839. See Watt. 
 In addition to the E/oge of Arago, which furnishes pretty full details in regard 
 to the scientific life and discoveries of Watt, this volume contains his character, 
 by Lord Jeffrey, published in the Scotama/i, soon after his death, with an account 
 of the proceedings of a public meeting lield in London for erecting a monument 
 in his lionour. Jeffrey's contribution is by far the most discriminating, able, and 
 eloquent tribute that has been paid to the memory of this great discoverer. 
 Many interesting details respecting the early life and progress of Watt are given 
 by AVilliamson in his Memorials of his youthful cai-eer, to which the reader is 
 referred. (See Williamson.) 
 
10 
 
 Arbuthnot's Ancient Coins, Weights, &c. See Weiglits and Measures. 
 Miscellaneous Works of Jolm. 12mo. 2 vols. Glasgow, 1751. 
 
 " Arbuthnot," says Johnson, " -svas a man of great comprehension, skilful in his 
 profession, versed in the sciences, acquainted with ancient literature, and able to 
 animate his mass of knowledge by a bright and active imagination ; a scholar 
 -with great brilliancy of wit ; a wit, who in the crowd of life retained and dis- 
 covered a noble ardour of religious zeal." — (Life of Pope.) 
 Tract by George. See Money, Coins, &c. 
 
 Apjosto : Orlando Furioso di Lodovico Ariosto. 8vo. 24 vols. Basker- 
 
 ville, Birmingham, 1773. Red mor., the printing and binding being 
 
 both excellent. 
 Ariosto Hoole : The Orlando Furioso of Ariosto, from the Italian, by 
 
 John Hoole. 2d edition. 8vo. 5 vols. Loudon, 1785. 
 Arist.^netus. See Classics and Translations. 
 Aristophanes — Mitchell. See Classics, Translations, &c. 
 Aristotle's Treatises on Politics, Rhetoric, Poetry, &c. See Classics, 
 
 Translations, &c. 
 Armandi : Histoire Militaire des Elephants, depuis les temps les plus 
 
 recules, jusqu'a I'introduction des amies a feu. Par le Chev. Armaudi. 
 
 Svo. Paris, 1843. 
 Armstrong : The Art of Preserving Health, by John Armstrong, M.D. 
 Post Svo. London, 1774. 
 
 Miscellanies by. 12mo. 2 vols. London, 1770. 
 
 The History of the Island of Minorca, by John Armstrong, Esq. 
 
 8vo. London, 1752. Calf, ex. 
 
 Arnauld : CEuvres Philosophiques d'Arnauld, avec des Notes et une 
 Introduction par C. Jourdain. 12mo. Paris, 1843. 
 
 Arnis^ei, Doctrina Politica. 12mo. Elz. Amst. 1643. Mor. Simier. 
 
 Arnold : The History of Rome to the End of the Second Punic War, by 
 
 Thomas Arnold, D.D. Svo. 3 vols. London, 1838-50. 
 , Introductory Lectures on Modern History. Svo. London, 1842. 
 
 Arnot : The History of Edinburgh, from the earliest Accounts to the 
 
 present Time, by Hugo Arnot, Esq. 4to. Edinburgh, 1788. 
 
 A well-written, interesting work. There is no late account of Edinburgh worth 
 
 looking into ; and it were much to be wished that some competent party would 
 
 undertake a new edition of Arnot continued to the present time, or a new work 
 
 of the same kind. 
 
 Arnott : Elements of Physics, or Natural Philosophy, General and Medi- 
 cal, by Neil Arnott, M.D. 3d edition. Svo. 2 vols. London, 
 1828 and 1829. 
 All published and extremely good. 
 
 A Survey of Human Progress, from the Savage State to the 
 
 Highest Civilization yet attained. Svo. London, 1861. 
 
 Arnould. See Insurance, Works on. 
 
 Arrowsmith : The London Atlas of John ArroAVsmith, with additional 
 Maps. Folio. London, 1842, &c. Half Russia. 
 Preferable to any other English publication of its class. 
 
11 
 
 ARr\r»KT,T. : A Visit to the Seven Churclics of Asia, with nii Excursion 
 into Judesi, &c,, by tlie Kcv. V. J. Arundell. 8vo. London, 1S28. 
 Calf, ex. 
 AsciiA>[ : The English "Works of Roger Asoham, Preceptor to Queen 
 Elizabeth. 4to. London, 17G1. Russia, ex. 
 
 The life of the author, prefixed to this book, though anonj-mous, is no doubt tlie 
 -work of Johnson. The book principally consists of two treatises, one entitled 
 Toxophilits, in defence of Archery, and the other the Schoolmaster. Archery 
 ■wras a favourite amusement of Ascham's ; and being one in wliich he spent, or, as 
 it was sometimes said, wasted a great deal of time, he wrote a treatise partly in 
 its vindication and recommending its practice ; and partly, also, with the different 
 but not less important object of its serving as a specimen of improved English 
 composition. After stating that he had succeeded in both these objects, Johnson 
 goes on to say, " He has sufficiently vindicated archery as an innocent, salutar\ , 
 useful, and liberal diversion ; and if his precepts are of no great use, he has only 
 shown by one example among many, how little the hand can derive from the 
 mind, how little intelligence can conduce to dexterity. In every art, practice is 
 much ; in arts, manual practice is almost the whole. Precept can at most but 
 warn against error, it can never bestow excellence." 
 
 "The Schoolmaster," a posthumous publication, was written to recommend dispensing 
 as much as practicable with grammatical details in the learning of languages ; and 
 it has the merit of denouncing the severe punishments that were then so frequent 
 in schools, of recommending to masters to study the dispositions of their scholars, 
 and to treat them with gentleness and kindness. Johnson says of this treatise, 
 that " it perhaps contains the best advice that ever was given for the study of 
 languages." 
 
 Ascham died in 1558, at the age of 53. He was much regretted by Queen Eliza- 
 beth, to whom he had been originally tutor, and afterwards Latin Secretaiy. 
 
 Ash : The New and Complete Dictionary of the English Language, by 
 
 John Ash, LL.D. 8vo. 2 vols. J^oudon, 177^5. Old calf. 
 AsHMOLE : The Institution, Laws, and Ceremonies of the most noble Order 
 
 of the Garter, by Elias Ashmole, Esq., Windsor Herald. Folio. London, 
 
 1672. Russia. 
 AsTLE : The Origin and Progress of Writing, as well Hieroglyphic as 
 
 Elementary, illustrated by engravings, &c. By Thomas Astle, Esq., 
 
 F.R.S., &c. &c. 2d edition. 4to. London, 1803. Blue mor., ex. 
 Astley: a New General Collection of Voyages and Travels, &c. &c. 4to. 
 
 4 vols. Published by Thomas Astley, London, 1745. Half Russia, 
 
 uncut. 
 This is not so much a collection of voyages and travels as an account of various 
 countries, compiled from the notices of them given by the principal voyagers 
 and travellers. The Editor justly observes in the IVeface to the work, 
 that the adventures of travellers are often trifling and tedious, and there must 
 necessarily be a good deal of repetition in those to the same countries. Hence 
 they may for the most part be veiy greatly abridged ; and as it would be of no 
 use to repeat the same facts and circumstances over and over again from different 
 authors, the plan has been adopted in this publication of incorporating those that 
 seemed best entitled to credit into a consistent narrative, referring at the same 
 time to the works whence they are taken. This plan seems, speaking generally, 
 to be carefully executed. Tinkerton, who is not given to eulogy, says of this 
 work, that it is " rare and valuable. The Editor, called Green in some catalogues, 
 is certainly a man of great learning and industry." — (Catalogue of Maps and 
 Books annexed to Geography.) 
 
 Atiien.s, Antiquities of. See Stuart. 
 
 Atl.\s Antiquus, delineavit C. De Spruner, Phil. Doct. Folio. Gotham, 
 18o0. 
 
12 
 
 Atterbury: The Miscellaneous Works of Bishop Atterbury, with 
 Historical Notes by J. Nichols. 8vo. 5 vols. London, 1789-98. 
 Atterbury was a good scholar, a graceful speaker, and wrote correctly and neatly. 
 Owino- to his being eulogised by Pope, and associated with him and Swift, and 
 the principal wits of his time, he has been much more celebrated than he deserved. 
 He was long engaged in a treasonable correspondence with the exiled Royal family; 
 and his practices being in the end discovered, he was banished, by a statute passed 
 for the purpose. In France he openly entered into the I'retender's senice. On the 
 whole it may be said of Atterbury, that though amiable in private life, he was 
 factious, intriguing, and treacherous. After his death his body was brought to 
 England, and buried, where it had no just claim to be, in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 AuGUSTix (St.) : Les Confessions de St. Augustin, traduites en Fran9ois 
 avec des Notes par M. Du Bois. Nouvelle ed. 8vo. Paris, 1737. 
 Old mor. 
 Austin : The Province of Jurisprudence determined, by John Austin, 
 Esq. 8vo. London, 1832. Calf, ex. 
 An important and valuable work. The Author has cleared away much of the 
 ambiguity in which the science of Jurisprudence had previously been involved ; 
 has pointed out the different varieties of laws •, and has given an able and 
 lengthened exposition of ilie great principle of general utility with which all laws, 
 however imposed, ought to eoiTespond. It is to be regretted that owing to its 
 harsh and forbidding style the work is much less popular than it deserves to be. 
 
 Austria, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. De I'Autriche et de son Avenir, 1843. "] 
 
 2. De I'Instruction Publique en Autriche, 1841. (Tegoborski.) I 1 vol. Hvo. 
 
 3. Essai Statistique sur les Bibliotheques de Vienna, par M. Balbi, [Half Russia. 
 1835. J 
 
 Autriche : Ressources de I'Autriche et de la France, d'apres les docu- 
 ments officiels, par Alfred Legoyt. 8vo. Paris, 1859. 
 A well compiled, instructive publication. 
 Ayliffe : The Ancient and Present State of the University of Oxford, 
 by John Ayliffe, LL.D. Many plates inserted. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 1714. 
 Azuxi : Recherches sur I'Origine de la Boussole, par M. A. Azuni. 8vo. 
 Paris, 1809. Calf, ex. 
 
 For other works of Azuni, see Maritime Law. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babbage : On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures, by Chas. 
 Babbage, A.M. 2d edition. 12mo. London, 1832. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Baccii (And.) de Naturali Vinorum Historia, de Vinis Italije, et de 
 Conviviis autiquorum, libri VH. Folio. Romas, lo96. Calf, gilt. 
 This is a learned and valuable work. Besides that portion of it which is derived 
 from Pliny, Columella, and other ancient writers, it contains a great deal of infor- 
 mation with respect to the wines of Bacci's time, particularly those of Italy. It 
 has long been very scarce, and brings a high price. 
 
13 
 
 Bacon : The Works of Francis Bncon, Baron Vorulam, Viscount St. Alban, 
 
 anil Lord Chancellor of England. 4to. o vols. London, 1765'. 
 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 It would be useless in a book of this sort to say anything in regard to the philosophy 
 
 of Bacon, or the influence that his works are supposed to have had in introducin'' 
 
 and diflfusing a taste for experimental investigation. Latterly some of his over 
 
 zealous admirers have been exerting themselves to show that the imputations on 
 
 his moral character rest on no good foundation ; and that, though he was " the 
 
 wisest and brightest," he was not, also, the " meanest of mankind."* But we 
 
 regret to have to add that these eflForts have been signally unsuccessful ; and that 
 
 they have served only to set his vices in a darker light, and to show that they 
 
 were wholly inexcusable. 
 
 Essays of, with Annotations by Archbishop Whately. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1856. 
 
 An extremely well edited book. The Archbishop has quoted himself pretty often, 
 but the extracts are so good that we should not like to want any of them. 
 
 " Dipped into Bacon's Essays, so pregnant with just, original, and striking okserva- 
 tions on every topic which is touched, that I cannot select what pleases me 
 most. For reach of thought, variety, and extent of view, sheer, solid, and 
 powerfiil sense, and admirable sagacity, what works of man can be placed in 
 competition with these wonderful effusions?" — (Green's Diary of a Lover of 
 Literature, p. 98.) 
 
 Analyse de la Philosophic du Chancelier Bacon (par M. Deleyre, 
 
 Biog. Universelle). 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1755. Green 
 mor., gilt. 
 
 An Historical and Political Discourse on the Laws and Govern- 
 
 ment of England, by Nathaniel Bacon, Esq. 5th edition. 4to. 
 London, 1760. Old Kussia, gilt. 
 
 Life and Times of Francis L,.by James Bacon, Esq. 2d edition. 
 
 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1830. Calf, ex. 
 
 Bailey — Scott : A New Universal Etymological English Dictionary, 
 originally compiled by N. Bailey, and revised and greatly improved 
 by J. N. Scott, M.D. Folio. London, 1755. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 Bailey : The following Works of Samuel Bailey, Esq., viz. : — 
 
 Essays on the Formation and Publication of Opinions. 8vo. 
 
 3d edition. London. 
 
 Essays on the Pursuit of Truth and on the Progress of Knowledo-e, 
 
 &c. 8vo. London, 1829. ° 
 
 Discourses on various Subjects. 8vo. London, 1852. 
 
 .Theory of Reasoning. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1852. 
 
 Money and its Vicissitudes in Value, 1837. ~) 
 
 A Defence of Joint Stock Banks, 1840. W vol. 8vo. 
 
 The Right of Primogeniture examined, 1837 J 
 
 See, also, Political Economy, Works on. 
 
 Baillet : Jugemens des Savans sur les Principaux Ouvrages des Auteurs. 
 par Adrien Baillet. Nouvelle edition, augmente de TAnti-Baillet de 
 Menage, les Observations de La Monnoye, &c. 4to. 8 vols. Amster- 
 dam, 1725. 
 Though of great extent, and the result of an immense amount of reading and 
 study, this work realizes only a small portion of the plan on which it is con- 
 structed. Among the works which the " learned " have to decide upon, Baillet 
 
 • Pope, Essay on Man, iv. lino 282. 
 
14 
 
 Baillet — cont. 
 
 includes many that have but small pretensions to ttat distinction. He arranges 
 them in classes, such as those of critics, grammarians, poets, historians. 
 &c. &c., and brings together the conflicting judgments which different learned 
 men had passed upon them. The judgments are not always given in the words of 
 their authors, but when this is not the case, their spirit is given with, in general, 
 exemplai-y fairness. Baillet seldom pretends to form an opinion of his own, but 
 generally leaves it to the reader to draw his conclusions after comparing and 
 weighing the evidence laid before him. But it has been alleged that he has in 
 various instances encroached upon this theoretical impartiality by selecting and 
 marshalling the evidence so as to lead to the conclusion which he wished should 
 be drawm. We think, however, that the work would have been more satisfactory 
 had the author, ceasing to affect an indifference which, perhaps, he did not often 
 feel, assumed the respon-sibihties and functions of a judge by deciding, in the last 
 resort, upon the merits and demerits of the books brought before him. This 
 would have saved the reader a great deal of trouble, and have done that for him 
 which, in most cases, he may, perhaps, be but little able to do for himself. 
 Baillet, who was a most laborious student, died in 1706, at the age of 56. 
 
 Bailly : Histoire de rAstronomie Ancienue, par M. Bailly.l 
 
 2de ed. 4to. Paris, 1781. ( ^-^^ ^^^, 
 
 , de I'Astrouomie Moderne. Nouvelle \ .^ '' 
 
 dditiou. 4to. 3 vols. Paris, 1785. ( ^^i^orm. 
 
 Traite de I'Astronomie Indienne. 4to. Paris, 1787. J 
 
 Bailly's History of Astronomy is a very interesting work ; and though not so 
 scientific is far more eloquent and readable than that of Delambre, 
 
 Lettres sur I'Origine des Sciences, et sur celle des Peuples de 
 
 I'Asie, par M. Bailly. 8vo. Loudres, (Paris,) 1777. 
 . Lettres sur I'Atlantide de Platon et sur FAncienne Histoire de 
 
 I'Asie. 8vo. Londres, (Paris,) 1779. 
 Baily : An Account of the Rev. Jolm Flamsteed, the First Astronomer 
 Royal, &c., by Francis Baily, Esq. Printed by Order of the 
 Lords of the Admiralty. 4to. London, 1835. Blue mor., ex. 
 The gift of Mr. J. G. Craig. Portrait inserted. 
 
 . The Doctrine of Interest and Annuities analytically Livestigated. 
 
 4to. London, 1808. 
 
 The Doctrine of Life Annuities and Assurances analytically 
 
 investigated and explained, with Tables. 8vo. London, 1810. 
 The genuine edition ; very scarce. 
 Bain : An Essay on the Variation of the Compass, by (my old friend) 
 
 Sir William Bain, Knight. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1817. Calf, ex. 
 Baines : A History of the Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain, by Edward 
 Baines, jun., Esq. (now M.P.) 8vo. London, 1835. 
 This is an interesting work, for which I am indebted to the author. 
 
 ^ . The History of the Commerce and of the Town of Liverpool, and 
 
 of the Rise of Manufacturing Industry in the adjoining 
 Counties, by Thomas Baines. Royal 8vo. Liverpool, 1852. 
 Presentation copy from the Author. 
 Balbi : Elemens de Geographic Generale ou Description Abregee de la 
 
 Terre, par Adrien Balbi. 8vo. Paris, 1843. 
 Banckoft : An Essay on the Natural History of Guiana, with an Account 
 of the Religion, Manners, and Customs of its Indian Inhabitants, by 
 Edward Bancroft, M.D. 8vo. London, 1769. 
 
15 
 
 Baxcroft : Experimental Researches concerning the Philosophy of IVr- 
 mauent Colours, and the best Means of producing them. 8vo 2 vols 
 London, 1813. Calf, ex. 
 A -work of great research and of first-rate authority. 
 B.wiEU : La Mjthologie et les Fables Expliquees par rilistoiro, par 
 M. I'Abbe Banier. 4to. 3 vols. Paris, 1738. Old mor., gilt, ex. 
 This is a judicious, learned, and able work. It was originally published in 1711 in 
 two 12mo vols., and reappeared, with sundry improvements, in 1715. In 17.38 it 
 was given to the public in its present and most perfect state. Its plan is hardly, 
 however, sufficiently comprehensive. According to Ikmier and others, the greater 
 number of the gods of the ancients had been mere human personages, who had 
 attained, in the earliest ages, by their great actions, their success, and in some 
 instances by the benefits they had conferred upon mankind, to a liigh degree of 
 celebrity ; and the history of their exploits and powers being greatly magnified in 
 the traditional accounts by which their memory was transmitted to later ages, and 
 encumbered with fables, they eventually came to be regarded as of superhuman 
 or divine origin. And there can be no doubt that this theory is in part, at least, well 
 founded ; and that it accounts satisfactorily for the existence of the most prominent 
 of the occupants of Olympus. Exclusive, too, of men themselves, their passions 
 and affections, being personified, contributed to fill the Greek and Roman Pantheon. 
 But the gods are not wholly of human origin. The " host of heaven," the ele- 
 ments and powers of nature, and even the lower animals have contributed, directly 
 or indirectly, to swell the number of divinities. And in addition to the recognised 
 and ordinary sources of what the ancients regarded as divine beings, it is believed by 
 some great authorities that much of the mythology of antiquity was allegorical 
 or spubolical, and that what appeared to be mere fabulous statements, concealed 
 from public view important or divine truths that were unveiled to the initiated. 
 It is probable, however, that these allegorical explanations are principally glosses 
 devised at a later period to save appearances, and that the greater number of them 
 have little or nothing to do with the origin of the gods. 
 Hence it is easy to perceive that this is' a matter which involves not a few compli- 
 cated and difficult questions. Banier's book has done much to clear up and 
 illustrate certain parts of the subject. But there are others not less de- 
 serving of attention, upon which he has hardly touched. In regard to these, and 
 the subject generally, the reader will find much information in Hume's Natural 
 History of Eeligion ; in the Heligiuns de VAntiquitc de M. Creuzer, iraduit par 
 Guigiiiaut, 8vo, 4 tomes ; and in the Histoire des Religions de la Grece antique de 
 M. ]\Iauiy, 8vo, 3 tomes. These works are in this collection. 
 Bank of England, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Address to the Proprietors of Bank Stock, the London and' 
 
 Countrj' Bankers, &c., on the Affairs of the Bank of England, 
 1828. 
 
 2. Historical Sketch of the Bank of England, &c. (by J. R. M'Cul- 
 - loch), 1831. 
 
 3. Plain Statement of the Power of the Bank of England, with a 
 
 Reply to the Historical Sketch, &c., by Sir H. Parnell, Bart., 
 M.P. (afterwards Lord Congleton), 1832. 
 
 4. Examination of the Evidence taken before the Committee on the 
 
 Bank of England Charter, by Alex. Mundell, Esq., 1832. 
 
 5. Legal Statement of the Real Position of the Government with 
 
 relation to the Bank of England, by Samuel Wells, Esq., 1832. 
 
 6. The Bank Charter, &c., from Westminster Review (?). 
 
 7. The Advantages of Branch Banks, a Letter to the Duke of Wel- 
 
 lington, 1828. 
 
 8. The Bank of England defended, &c., 1826. 
 
 9. Reasons why the Bank of England ought not to reduce the Rate 
 
 of Discount to 4 per cent., 1822. 
 10. Plan for the Establishment of a National Bank, by David 
 Ricardo, Esq., M.P., 1824. 
 
 1 vol. Svo. 
 
16 
 
 Bank of Scotland, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 An Historical Account of the Establisliment, Progress, and State of the Bank of 
 Scotland, &c. 4to. Edinburgh, 1728. To this Tract ai-e added the Act of 
 the Scotch Parliament, 17th July 1695, establishing the Bank of Scotland; 
 Proposals for Making the Bank more Useftil and Profitable, Edinburgh, 1722, 
 &c. 
 
 Banks, Banking, Coins, Funds, &c., Tracts on, viz, : — 
 
 1. England's Looking In and Out, by E. M. Knight, 1640. 
 
 2. The Humble Petition and Kemonstrance of some Hundreds of Retaylers, 
 
 1644. 
 
 3. A Diamond or Rich Jewel preserved to the Commonwealth of England, by Capt. 
 
 Samuel Chappel, 1605. 
 
 4. An Expedient for taking away all Impositions, by Francis Cradocke, 1660. 
 
 5. Brief Obsei-v-ations concerning Trade and Interest of IMoney, by J. C, 1668. The 
 
 original Edition of the Treatise of Sir Josiah Child, with portrait. 
 
 6. A Tract against Usurie, 1621. Reprinted, 1668. 
 
 7. The Uses and Abuses of Money, 1671. 
 
 8. The Case of the Bankers and their Creditors stated and examined, 1674. 
 
 3. England's Interest, or the Great Benefit to Trade by Banks or Offices of Credit, 
 1682. 
 
 10. Corporation Credit, or Bank of Credit made current by Common Consent in Lon- 
 
 don, 1682. 
 
 11. A Plain and Easie Way for the Speedy Raising of Money, 1691. 
 
 12. A Short Account of the (intended) Bank of England, by Michael Godfrey, Esq., 
 
 (Deputy-Governor of the Bank, killed at the Siege of Namur, Macaulay's 
 England, iv. 589). 2d edition. 
 
 13. Some Useful Reflections on a Pamphlet called a Brief Account of the intended 
 
 Bank of England. 2d edition. 1694. 
 
 14. Some Considerations offered against the Continuance of the Bank of England. 
 
 15. Some Observations on the Bank of England, 1695. 
 
 16. A Proposal for a National Bank, consisting of Land, &c., by Robert Murray, 
 
 Gent, 1695. 
 
 17. A Letter fi-om an English Merchant at Amsterdam to his Friend in London, 
 
 concerning the Trade and Coin of England, 1695. 
 
 18. A Discourse of the General Notions of Money, Trade, and Exchange, 1695. 
 
 19. The Mistaken Advantage by Raising of Money, discovered in a Letter to a Friend, 
 
 by Viscount Tarbet, 1696. 
 
 20. A Discourse upon Coins, fi-om the Italian of Signor Bernardo Davanzati, by 
 
 John Toland, 1695. 
 
 21. The Proposal for the Raising of the Silver Coin of England considered, &c., 
 
 1696. 
 
 22. An Essay for Lowering the Gold and Raising the Silver Coin, 1696. 
 
 23. A Fund for Supplying and Preserving our Coin. 
 
 24. An Essay for Regulating of the Coyn, by A. V. Merchant. 2d edition. 1696. 
 
 25. Account of the Proceedings in the House of Commons as to Recoining the Clipp'd 
 
 Money, &c., 1696. 
 
 26. Obser^'ations concerning Money and Coin, 1699. 
 
 27. The Villany of Stock Jobbers detected, 1701. 
 
 28. The Directors of the Bank of England Enemies to the Great Interests of the 
 
 Kingdom, by John Holland, 1715. 
 
 29. An Abstract of the Public Funds, by Mr. AsgiU, 1715. 
 
 30. Some Considerations relating to the Pajonent of the Publick Debts, by a Member 
 
 of the House of Commons, 1717. 
 
 31. A Letter to a Member of Parliament, relating to the Coin, 1718. 
 
 32. Proposals for restoring Credit, &c., 1721. 
 
 The above Tracts, many of which are both rare and valuable, are bound together in 
 1 vol. 4to. Half Russia. 
 
 — — — See Money, Coins, &c. 
 
17 
 
 BaPwVXTe : De la Litterature Fian9aise peiitlant le Dix-huititino Sik-lo, 
 par M. De Barante. 4mc edition. 8vo. Paris, 1824. 
 This is a work of a very superior order. Thoujih, on the wliole, opposed to tlio 
 prineiples and objects oftlie great writers of the age that preceded (lie Kevolution, 
 the author does not seek to undervalue their talents or to impeach their motives.' 
 His criticisms aie distinguished by tlieir compass, ability, and eloquence ; and 
 despite his bias, they are in general remarkable for their fairness and candour. It 
 might have been supposed that Voltaire would have met with but stinted justice 
 at the hands of M. De I5arante, but sucli is not the case, llis faults, it is true, aro 
 not concealed or glossed over ; but neither are his merits. On the contrary! the 
 latter are set in a .striking light, and full justice is done to his wonderful talent, 
 and to the unrivalled clearness and perfection of his style. And the same may te 
 said of his notices of ilontesijuieu and Kousseau. 
 
 Barbkyuac : Traite de la IMorale des Peres de rEjjH.se, par M. Jean 
 Barbcvrac. 4to. Amsterdam, 1728. Sec, also, Grotius, Puilcn- 
 dort; &c. 
 
 Traite du Jcu ou Ton examine les Principales Questions de Droit 
 
 Naturel et de Morale qui out rapport a cette Matiere. 12mo. 
 2 tomes en 1. Amsterdam, 1709. 
 
 Aucieus Traitez de Paix. Src Dumont — Rousset. 
 
 Barbcyrac's works and translations, especially the latter, are all excellent. Voltaiie 
 says that " Barbeyrac est le seul connnentateur dont on fasse plus de cas que 
 de son auteur. 11 traduisit et conimenta le fatras de I'ufiendorf; niais il 
 I'enrichit d'une preface (jui fit seule dObitcr le livre. 11 renionte, d'ans cctle 
 preface, aux sources de la morale ; et il a la candeur bardie de faire voir que les 
 peres de I'eglise n'ont pas toujours connu cette morale pure, et qu'ils I'ont 
 defiguree par d'etranges allegories." — (Melanges Littc'raires.) 
 
 Barbier : Dictionnaire des Anonymes, etc. See Bibliography. 
 
 Barclay : Apology for the true Christian Divinity, as the same is 
 
 preached by the People called Quakers, by Robert Barclay. 4to. 
 
 Baskerville, Birmingham, 1765. Calf, ex. 
 
 Baretti : A Journey from London to Genoa, through England, Portuiral 
 Spain, and France, by Joseph Baretti. 4 vols. 8vo. Lontlon' 
 1770. 
 
 The Italian Library, containing an Account of the Lives and 
 
 Works of the most valuable Authors of Italy, with a Preface by 
 Giuseppe Baretti. 8vo. London, l7o7. Ilalf Russia, uncut. 
 
 Barnaby : Drunken Barnaby's Four Journeys to the North of England. 
 12mo. London, 1805. Calf, ex. 
 
 Barrixgton : Observations upon the Statutes, by the Hon. Daines Bar- 
 
 riu^tou. 2d edition. 4to. Loudon, 1766. 
 Baruon : Lectures on Belles Lettres and Logic, by William Barron 
 F.R.S. Ed. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1806, 
 A respectable work, but very inferior to that of Blair. Tor Barron's Work on 
 Colonization, see Colonies, 
 
 Barrow : Travels in China, by Sir John Barrow, Bart. 2d edition 4 to 
 London, 1806. 
 
 Voyage to Cochiuchina, &c. 4to. London, 1806, 
 
 The Life, Voyages, and Exploits of Admiral Sir Francis Drake, 
 
 Knt., with numerous Original Letters, &c., by John Barrow' 
 Esq. 8vo. London, 1843. 
 
 The English Works of Isaac Barrow, D.D., by Archbishop Tillot- 
 
 son. Folio. 3 vols in 2. London, 1722. 
 
 J " 
 
18 
 
 Barrow : Sermons selected from the Works of. 8vo. 2 vols. Oxford, 1812. 
 
 The sermons of Barrow are said by Hallam to " display a strength of mind, a com- 
 prehensiveness, and fertility which have rarely been equalled" (iv. 175). His 
 four sermons on Industry are well-reasoned, eloquent, and admirable. They 
 show that industry in their respective callings is indispensable to the well-being 
 of all classes of men, not to the lowest merely, but even to the highest. The 
 verbosity and tautology, with which they are in some degree chargeable, are con- 
 cealed by the number, richness, and beauty of the illustrations, and the splendour 
 of the style. While, on the one hand, the injiu-ious consequences of sloth, and 
 of a want of perseverance, are displayed in the most vivid manner, on the other 
 nothing is left unsaid that can recommend and dignify labour, economy, and 
 enterprise. It is said that such a style of preaching, if tried at present, would be 
 unpopular. But it could hardly, if supported with ability and zeal, fail to have a 
 salutary influence over the conduct and habits of those to whom it might be 
 addressed. And if so, sermons of this class would, in a practical point of view, be 
 incompai-ably superior to those doctrinal and spiritual harangues on grace, faith, 
 and so forth, with which evangelical preachers are in the habit of regaling and 
 mystifying their hearers. 
 
 We subjoin an extract remarkable as well for its truth as for its magnificent elo- 
 quence. It affords what may nevertheless be deemed a fair specimen of the style 
 of Barrow : — 
 
 " It is industry, whereto the public state of the world, and of each commonweal therein, 
 is indebted for its being, in all conveniences and embellishments belonging to life, 
 advanced above rude and sordid barbarism ; yea, whereto mankind doth owe all 
 that good learning, that morality, those improvements of soul, which elevate us 
 beyond brutes. 
 
 " To industrious study is to be ascribed the invention and perfection of all those 
 arts whereby human life is civilized, and the world cultivated with numberless 
 accommodations, ornaments, and beauties. 
 
 " All the comely, the stately, the pleasant, and useful works which we do view with 
 delight, or enjoy with comfort, industry did contrive them, industry did fi-ame 
 them. 
 
 " Industry reared those magnificent fabrics, and those commodious houses ; it formed 
 those goodly pictures and statues ; it raised those convenient causeys, those bridges, 
 those aqueducts ; it planted those fine gardens with various flowers and fruits : it 
 clothed those pleasant fields with corn and grass ; it built those ships, whereby we 
 plough the seas, reaping the commodities of foreign regions. It hath subjected all 
 creatm'es to om* command and service, enabling us to subdue the fiercest, to catch 
 the wildest, to render the gentler sort most tractable and useful to us. It taught 
 us from the wool of the sheep, from the hair of the goat, from the labours of the 
 silk-worm, to weave us clothes to keep us warm, to make us fine and gay. It helpeth 
 us from the inmost bowels of the earth to fetch divers needful tools and utensils. 
 
 " It collected mankind into cities, and compacted them into orderly societies, and 
 devised wholesome laws, under shelter whereof we enjoy safety and peace, wealth 
 and plenty, mutual succour and defence, sweet conversation and beneficial 
 commerce. 
 
 " It by meditation* did invent all those sciences whereby our minds are enriched and 
 enabled, oiu" manners are refined and polished, om* cm'iosity is satisfied, our life is 
 benefited. 
 
 " What is there which we admire, or wherein we delight, that pleaseth our mind, or 
 gratifieth our sense, for the which we are not beholden to industry ? 
 
 ^' Doth any country flourish in wealth, in grandeur, in prosperity ? It must be im- 
 puted to industry ; to the industry of its governors setting good order ; to the 
 industry of its people following profitable occupations : so did Cato, in that 
 notable oration of his in Sallust, tell the Eoman senate, that it was not by the 
 force of their arms, but by the industiy of their ancestors, that commonwealth did 
 arise to such a pitch of greatness. When sloth creepeth in, then all things corrupt 
 and decay ; then the public State doth sink into disorder, penixry, and a dis- 
 graceful condition." 
 
 * lit varias usus meditando extimderct artes 
 Paulatim, &c.— Virgil, Georg-. 1. 
 
19 
 
 Barrow : Mathematical Lectures of Dr. Barrow, tVoni tlu- Latin, by tha 
 
 Rev. John Kirkby. 8vo. London, 1734. 
 Bakky, Oi'iE, &c. : Lectures on Paiutinjr, by Barry, Opie, and Fuseli. 
 
 Edited by K. N. Wornum. London, 1848. 
 
 Barry : Observations Historical, Critical, and Medical, on the Wines of 
 the Ancients, by Sir Edward Barry, Bart. 4to. London, 
 177o. Calf, ex. 
 
 The History of the Orkney Islands, showing the Advantages they 
 
 possess for several Branches of Industry, and the Means by which 
 they may be Improved, by the Rev. George Barry, D.D. 2d 
 edition. 4to. London, 1808. 
 
 BARTnET.^siT : Voyage du Jeune Anacharsis en Grcce, par M. I'Abbe 
 Bartlielemy. 4to. 4 vols. Paris, 1788. Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 
 Barton, Joiix : Ti-acts by : — 
 
 1. Observations on the Condition of the Labouring Classes, 1817. 
 
 2. Causes of the Depreciation of Agricultural Labour in Modern 
 
 Times, 1820. 
 
 3. Consequences of the Growing Excess of Population if not reme- [►I vol, 8vo. 
 
 died by Colonization, 1830. I 
 
 4. Expediency of the Existing Restrictions on the Importation of 
 
 Foreign Corn, 1833. J 
 
 Basxaoe : Dissertation snr les Duels et les Ordres de Chcvalerle, par 
 M. Basnage. 12mo. Basle, 1740. (See Republique (La) des 
 Plebreux.) 
 
 Baston : Observations on Trade and Publick Spirit, by Thomas Baston, 
 Esq. 8vo. London, 1732. '\ 
 
 Batteux : Histoire des Causes Premieres, ou Exposition Sommaire des 
 Pensees des Philosophes snr les Principes des Etres, par M. 
 I'Abbe Batteux. 8vo. Paris, 1769. 
 
 La Morale d'Epicure, tiree de ses propres Ecrits. 12mo. Paris, 
 
 1758. Mor. Bozerian. Rare. 
 
 Principes de la Litterature. 12mo. 6 vols. Paris, 1774. 
 
 Les Quatre Poetiques d'Aristote, d'Horace, de Vida, de Boileau, 
 
 avec les Traductions et des Remarques, par M. I'Abbe Batteux. 
 
 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1771. Veau fauve. 
 The -works of the Abbe Batteux are well -ffTitten, learned, liberal, and rational. Grimm, 
 .by whom they are unjustly depreciated, admits that the Cuttrs de Belles Lcltres, 
 " malgrd ses defauts, est le meilleur cate'cliisme de litte'rature que nous connaissio7is ;" 
 and that "il a le vierite d'etre un excellent Abre'ge de litterature Fran^aise." 
 — (Correspondance, x. 337.) 
 
 Baudii (Dom.) : Amores, edente Petro Scriverio, inscripti Th. Gras- 
 winckelio, Equiti. 12mo. Amstelodami, 1638. Mor., gilt. 
 
 Baxter : An Inquiry into the Nature of the Human Soul, wherein its 
 Immateriality is evinced from the Principles of Reason and 
 Philosophy (by Andrew Baxter). 8vo. 3 vols. 2d edition of 
 vols I. and II. London, 1737-1750. Calf, gilt. 
 
 Glossarium Antiquitatum Britaniiicarum, auctoreWillielmo Baxter. 
 
 ed. 2nda. 8vo. Londini, 1733. Calf, uncut. 
 
 Reliquiaj Baxteriance, sive Williclmi Baxtcri Opera posthuma. 
 
 8vo. Londini, 1726. Calf, uncut. 
 
 B 2 
 
20 
 
 Baxter : Impressions of Central and Southern Europe, being Notes of 
 Successive Journies in Germany. Austria, Italy, &c., by W. E. Baxter, 
 Esq. (M.P.) 8vo. Loudon, 1850. 
 
 Batle : Dictionnaire Historique et Critique, par M. P. Bayle. Folio. 
 4 vols. Eotterdam, 1720. French calf, gilt leaves. 
 The Dictionary of Bayle has afforded a basis for much criticism, and has been very 
 differently characterized. It -was avo-svedly intended to serve as a supplement to the 
 Dictionary of INIoreri originally published in one volume in 1673 (see Moreri). 
 A scheme of this sort was so very indefinite, that it left Bayle at full liberty to say 
 nothing or whatever he pleased ; a hcence -which was still further extended by 
 his plan of making a verj- meagre narrative, which he illustrates bj' means of 
 elaborate notes that have often little or no connexion with the text ; so that the 
 title of an article gives no idea of the sort of information or discussion it may 
 contain. For the most part, however, the notes are acute and able. They 
 are deeply imbued with the spirit of scepticism, and set in a strong light the 
 unfounded pretensions, the shallow dogmatism, the false reasoning, and the 
 contradictions of divines and philosophers. Unluckily Bayle's taste was not 
 equal to his talent. He indulges in cavilling and hair-splitting, in tedious 
 details about mere trifles,* and in the most offensive impurities. Although, how- 
 ever, there is much to object to in his work, it will ever be considered as an 
 extraordinary monument of learning, and of dialectical subtlety and ingenuity. 
 Gibbon gives the following account of Bayle : — " Bayle was the son of a Calvinist 
 minister in a remote province in France, at the foot of the Pyrenees. f For the 
 benefit of education, the Protestants were tempted to risk their children in the 
 Catholic universities ; and in the twenty-second year of his age young Bayle was 
 seduced by the arts and arguments of the Jesuits of Thoulouse. He remained 
 about seventeen months (19th March 1669-19th August 1670) in their hands, a 
 voluntary' captive ; and a letter to his parents, which the new convert composed 
 or subscribed (15th April 1670), is darkly tinged with the spiint of Popery. But 
 nature had designed him to think as he pleased, and to speak as he thought : his 
 piety was offended by the excessive worship of ci'eatures, and the study of physics 
 convinced him of the impossibility of transubstantiation, which is abundantly 
 refuted by the testimony of our senses. His return to the communion of a falling 
 sect was a bold and disinterested step, that exposed him to the rigom* of the laws ; 
 and a speedy flight to Geneva protected him from the resentment of his spiritual 
 tjTants, unconscious as they were of the full value of the prize which they had 
 lost. Had Bayle adhered to the Catholic church, had he embraced the ecclesi- 
 astical profession, the genius and fervour of such a proselyte might have aspired 
 to wealth and honours in his native countiy ; but the hypocrite would have found 
 Jess happiness in the comforts of a benefice, or the dignitj' of a mitre, than he 
 enjoyed at Rotterdam in a private state of exile, indigence, and freedom. "Without 
 a countr}', or a patron, or a prejudice, he claimed the libeity and subsisted by the 
 labours of his pen. The inequality of his voluminous works is explained and 
 excused by his alternately writing for himself, for the booksellers, and for pos- 
 terity ; and if a severe critic would reduce him to a single folio, that relic, like the 
 books of the Sibyl, would become still more valuable. A calm and lofty spec- 
 tator of the religious tempest, the philosopher of Rotterdam condemned with 
 equal fairness the persecution of Lewis the Fourteenth and the republican maxims 
 of the Calvinists, their vain prophecies, and the intolerant bigotiy which some- 
 times vexed his solitary retreat. In reviewing the controversies of the times he 
 turned against each other the arguments of the disputants ; successively wielding 
 the anus of the Catholics and Protestants, he proves that neither the way of 
 authoritj' nor the way of examination can afford the multitude any test of religious 
 truth, and dexterously concludes that custom and education must be the sole 
 grounds of popular belief. The ancient paradox of Plutarch, that atheism is less 
 pernicious than superstition, acquires a tenfold vigour when it is adorned with the 
 
 * To trifles I might have added absurdities. Thus, he subjoins to the article "Achilles " a note that; 
 would fill several ordinary octavo pages, on the question whether Chiron fed his pupil with the 
 ira-rovv of lions ! 
 
 t Born at Carlat, in the county of F-ois, in 1647. 
 
Calf gilt, 
 uuiform. 
 
 21 
 
 Batle — cont. 
 
 colours of his -wit and pointed with the acuteness of his logic. His critical dic- 
 tionan- is a vast repositorj' of facts and opinions ; and he balances the false reli- 
 gions in his sceptical scales till the opposite quantities (if I may use the language 
 of Algebra) annihilate each other. The wonderful power which he so boldly 
 exercised, of assembling doubts and objections, had tempted him jocosely to 
 assume the title of the ve<pi\t]yfpira Zei/s, the cloud-compelling Jove ; and in 
 a conversation with the ingenious Abbe (afterwards Cardinal) de I'olignac, he 
 freely disclosed his universal ryrrhonism. ' I am most truly (said Bayle) a 
 Protestant, for I protest indifferently against all systems and all sects.'"— (Misc. 
 "Works, i. 68.) 
 
 Bayly : An Introduction to Languages, Literary and Philo.sopliical, Ly 
 Anselm Bayly, LL.B. 8vo. London, 1758. Calf, ex., llayday. 
 
 Beakckoft — Sutton : An Historical Account of Thomas Sutton, Esq., 
 and of his Foundation, the Charter House, by Philip Bearcroft, D.I). 
 8vo. London, 1737. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Beattie : The Works of James Bcattie, LL.D., viz. : — 
 
 An Essay on the Nature and Immutability oP 
 
 Truth. 5th edition. 8vo. London, 1774. 
 ■ The Theory of Language. 8vo. London, 1788. 
 
 Essay on Poetry, Music, &c. 3d edition. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1779. 
 
 Elements of Moral Science. 2d edition. 2 vols. 
 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1807, 
 ■ Scotticisms arranged in Alphabetical Order. 8vo. Edinburgh, 
 
 1788. Mor., ex. 
 
 . i Poems, with Life. Post 8vo. Pickering, London, 1852. 
 
 Beattie's Poems and Essays, especially the former, continue to be held in high esti- 
 mation. But his treatise on the Nature and Immutability of Truth, which enjoyed 
 for a while a very undeserved degree of popularity, is now all but entirely forgotten. 
 His Elements of Moral Science is not, as it has been called, a " miserable " publi- 
 cation. It is respectable though superficial. 
 
 Beaufort : Dissertation sur ITnecrtitude des Cinq Premiers Siecles de 
 
 rilistoire Eomaine, par Louis De Beaufort. Nouvelle edition, 
 
 augmeutee, avec un Reponse a un Allemande. 12mo. A La 
 
 Ilaie, 1750. 
 
 . De la Republique Romaine, ou Plan General de I'Ancien 
 
 Gouveruemeut de Rome. 2 tomes. 4to. La Haye, 1766. 
 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 In the Dissertation M. De Beaufort endeavours to show that the history of the first 
 
 five centuries of Rome, as detailed by Livy, Dionysius, and other classical writers, 
 
 is, in most respects, entitled to but little credit. And everybody knows that many 
 
 of the statements put forward in it are highly improbable and that others are 
 
 obviously false. Livy, indeed, expressly states in the preface to his great work, 
 
 that he gives the details in regard to the early history of the city as he found 
 
 them, without expressing any opinion upon their authenticity, which he does not 
 
 appear to have reckoned of much consequence ! And this want of trustworthy 
 
 evidence, which is elsewhere mentioned by Livy (lib. vi. c. i. &c.), continued, with 
 
 little change, down to the invasion of Italy by Pyrrhus in the year 473 from the 
 
 building of the city. 
 
 It is not, however, to be supposed that the hi.stories in question are wholly fallacious. 
 
 No doubt they embody a gi-eat deal of truth, though, owing to the way in which 
 
 it is mixed up with questionable matter, it is always difficult, and sometimes, 
 
 perhaps, impossible, to discriminate between what is wholly or only in part true, 
 
 and what is wholly or only in part false. But this uncertainty must apply more 
 
 to the external history of the state, or to the history of wars, battles, and so 
 
22 
 
 Beaufort — cont. 
 
 forth, which are of an accidental and transitory description, than to its internal 
 history, which is mostly conversant with subjects of a lasting character, and that 
 are always before the public. And it is to be obsei-ved that during the period 
 between the building of the city and the invasion of Pyn-hus, Rome had grown to 
 be a powerful state, and its government, its military and otlier institutions, 
 whether of a civil or religious character, were formed and developed. These are 
 described with more or less accuracy by the historians referred to. And De 
 Beaufort supposes that it is possible by a judicious criticism, or by admitting 
 •only those statements which are founded on undoubted data, such as the fi-agments 
 of the twelve tables, the treaties with Carthage, &c., or those that square with the 
 anthentic details of subsequent times, to construct a satisfactory account of the 
 nature and progress of the Roman constitution, laws, &c. And, however difficult, 
 it would be too much to say that this is impossible. At all events this is what he 
 has attempted in his elaborate work, Sur la Repuhlique Romaine, which is the 
 result of much research, care, and caution. Whatever, indeed, may be its defects, 
 it is still the best extant treatise on this important subject. 
 
 . Karamania ; a Description of the South Coast of Asia Minor, &c., 
 
 by Francis Beaufort, F.R.S. 2d ed. 8vo. London, 1818. 
 Beaumont : Memoires pour servir a I'Histoire Generale des Finances, par 
 
 M.Beaumont. 12mo. 2 vols, in one. Amsterdam, 1760. 
 Beausobre : Histoire critique de Manichee et du Manicheisme. 4to. 
 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1784. Mor., gilt. 
 " The Histoire critique du Manicheisme of M. Beausobre is a treasure of ancient 
 philosophy and theology. The learned historian spins with incomparable art the 
 systematic thread of opinion, and transfonns himself by turns into the person of a 
 saint, a sage, or a heretic. Yet his refinement is sometimes excessive ; he betrays 
 an amiable partiality in favour of the weaker side ; and while he guards against 
 calumny, he does not allow sufficient scope for superstition and fanaticism." 
 — (Gibbon, Decline aud Tall, iv. 533, 4to ed.) 
 
 Beauties of England and Wales, with many Plates. 8vo. 18 vols. 
 London, 1801, &c. Russia, marbled leaves ; a very perfect copy. 
 
 Beauzee : Grammaire Generale, par M. Nic. Beauzee. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Paris, 1767. 
 
 L'Imitation de Jesus Christ, traduite par M. de. 12mo. Barbou, 
 
 Paris, 1788. 
 
 Beccaria : Opere di Cesare Beccaria. 2 vols. 8vo. Milano, 1821. Calf, ex. 
 The first volume contains the famous treatise Dei Delitti e delle Pene, which origi- 
 nally appeared in 1764, a treatise which contributed in a most extraordinary 
 degree to improve the administration of justice, and to bring about a suppression 
 of the grosser abuses by which it had been previously characterized. Without 
 entering into details, it may suffice to observe that Beccaria's grand object was to 
 disembarrass the course of justice of all uncertainty ; to hinder it from being 
 diverted either to one side or the other by the operation of feelings hostile or 
 favourable to the accused ; to make it piiblic, prompt, impartial, and effective ; 
 and so to adjust the punishments of crimes that they should be as moderate as the 
 exigencies of society would possibly permit* His conclusive and indignant remon- 
 strances first awakened the people of the continent to a sense of the enormous injustice 
 as well as cruelty of attempting, by the tortm-e of accused persons, to compel them 
 to confess the crimes laid to their charge. This judicial ati'ocity, which had 
 disgraced every country of Christendom, is no longer perpetrated. And though 
 it must have disappeared with the advance of knowledge and civilization, there 
 can be no doubt that the treatise of Beccai'ia did a vast deal to hasten its 
 abolition. 
 
 * He carries lus opinions on this aud some other points to an impracticable or dangerous 
 extreme. 
 
23 
 
 Beccaria — COJlt. 
 
 The lectures on Political Economy included in Beccaria's works are incomplete. 
 They contain many judicious remarks and observations, but are not, on the 
 ■ffhoie, of much value. Tlie author adojits the theory of the economists, 
 Beccaria, who was born in 1735, died in 1793. 
 
 Beckmaxn : A History of Inventions and Discoveries, from the German 
 of John Beckmanu, Professor in the University of Gottingen, by Will. 
 Johnston. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1797-1814. 
 Contains a number of verj- learned and ingenious inquiries. 
 
 Beechey : Proceedings of the Expedition to explore the Northern Coast 
 of Africa from Tripoli eastward in 1821 and 1822, by Captain Beechey, 
 R.N., and W. H. Beechey, Esq., F.S.A. 4to. London, 1828. Calf, ex., 
 H. &B. 
 
 Bell : A Treatise on Leases, by Robert Bell, Esq., Advocate. 3d edition. 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1820. 
 
 Travels from St. Petersburg, in Russia, to divers Parts of Asia, 
 
 by John Bell. 4to. 2 vols. Foulis, Glasgow, 1763. Half 
 mor., uncut. 
 One of the best works of its class ; beautifully printed. 
 
 A Dictionary and Digest of the Law of Scotland, by William Bell, 
 
 Esq., Advocate. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1838. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Bell's British Theatre. See Drama. 
 
 A History of British Quadrupeds, including the Cetacea, by 
 
 Thomas Bell, P\R.S., &c. 8vo., with nearly 200 beautiful 
 wood engravings. London (John Van Voorst), 1837. 
 
 A History of British Reptiles, by Thomas Bell, F.R.S., &c. 2d 
 
 edition. 8vo. London (John Van Voorst), 1849. 
 
 Belles Lettres : Considerations sur I'Origine et le Progres des Belles 
 Lettres chez les Romaius, par M. I'Abbc le Moine. 12mo. 
 Amst., 1750. Calf, ex. 
 
 See, also, Barron, Blair, Rollin, &c. 
 
 Belsham : Elements of the Philosophy of Mind, and of Moral Philosophy, 
 
 by Thomas Belsham. 8vo. London, 1801. 
 Bexecke : See Insurance, Works on. 
 Bextham — DuMOXT : De I'Organisation Judiciaire et de la Codification ; 
 
 Extraits de divers Guvrages de Jeremie Bentham, par Et. 
 
 Dumont. 8vo. Paris, 1828. 
 
 Traites de Legislation Civile et Penale, etc. 8vo. 3 vols. Paris, 
 
 1802. 
 
 Des Preuves Judiciaires. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1823 
 
 Tactique des Assemblees Legislatives. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris. 
 
 Peines et Recompenses. 2 vols. Londres, 1811. 
 
 Bextham : Defence of Usury, by Jeremy Bentham, Esq. 12mo. Loudon, 
 1816. 
 A conclusive essay against limiting the rate of interest. 
 
 On Judicial Establishments. 8vo. London. 
 
 • Pauper Management Improved. 8vo. London, 1812. 
 
 . An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Svo. 
 2 vols. London, 1823. 
 
24 
 
 Bentham : The Book of Fallacies. 8vo. London, 1824. Tliese works 
 uniform, calf, ex., A. Thomson. 
 Those -who contrast Bentham's publications, edited by Dumont, with those which 
 he sent direct to press, will be aware of the immense sei-vices rendered to him 
 by the editor. Bentham carried his taste for classification, division, and sub- 
 division to an extreme. And his style, especially in his later works, became so 
 very bad as to be all but unintelligible. But in Dumont's publications these 
 offensive peculiarities entirely disappear. Whatever might have been unnecessary 
 has been removed from them; what remains is presented in its natural order; and 
 the style is at once concise and lucid. Uumont is certainly the first of editors. 
 Bentivoglio : Histoire des Gnerre.s de Flandre par le Cardinal Benti- 
 voglio, traduite de ITtalien par M. Loiseau I'aine. 12mo. 4 vols. Paris, 
 1769. Old mor. 
 This is one of the most celebrated of the historical works that Italy has produced. 
 Its author, who was descended from an illusti-ious family, and who was well versed 
 in ecclesiastical, political, and historical learning, was in the end advanced to the 
 dignity of Cardinal. He resided for nine years in Flanders and five in France, as 
 Nuncio from his Holiness. And having resolved to write a historj- of the great, and 
 (we may add) glorious revolt which had recently been crowned with success, he 
 set himself about finding the means of doing justice to such a theme. In the view 
 of acquiring authentic information, he visited the different battle-fields and the 
 cities that had been distinguished in the contest, conversed with many who had 
 taken a prominent part in it, and got possession of various private and important 
 papers ; and this information he afterwards embodied in an interesting narrative, 
 of which the Italians praise the purity and beauty of the style. But speaking 
 generally, his reflections are deficient in depth ; and notwithstanding the modera- 
 tion of his character, and his admiration of ability on whatever side it might be 
 found, his work labours under the defect, of being written by an ecclesiastic, and 
 a chief of the Catholic party. To suppose that the Pope's Nuncio should be tiiily 
 impartial in treating such a subject would be absurd. But it redounds to his credit 
 that he is more so than could have been anticipated, and that his work is, on the 
 whole, reasonably fair, and highly interesting. 
 The following remarks of Salfi are as true as they are succinctly expressed : — 
 " Quand au fond de son histoire, il expose tous les evenements de cette revolution 
 et leurs circonstances les plus remarquables, mais toujours de maniere a ne nuire 
 ni aux principes, ni aux interets de la cour de Rome. II est veridique autant que 
 peut I'etre un historien, a qui il n'est pas permis de professer les maximes des 
 peuples dont il ecrit I'histoire. II avoue toutefois que la religion servait de pretexte 
 et de moyens aux interets prives de tous les partis, soit catholiques, soit reformes. 
 Mais au milieu des verites qui lui echappent de temps en temps, il ne cesse jamais 
 d'exalter le zele et les pieuses intentions de Philippe II., qui preferait, dit-il, etre 
 depouille de tous ses royaumes plutot que de les posseder infectes d'heresie. H 
 justifie partout les moyens de rigueur employes contre les heretiques et les 
 republicains ; et, tout en decriant les faits, il les juge comme il jugeait la doctrine 
 de Galilee, c'est-a-dire en inquisiteur Romain." * — (Ginguene et Salfi, Hist. Litt. 
 d'ltalie, xi. 350.) 
 M. Loiseau has added to his translation a good many valuable notes extracted from 
 the works of Grotius, De Thou, Strada, I'Histoire Metallique des Pays-Bas, &c. 
 Bentley— MoxK : The Life of Richard Bentley, D.D., by J. H. Monk, 
 D.D., Bishop of Gloucester. 2d edition. Svo. 2 vols. London, 
 1833. Calf, ex. 
 
 . Remarks upon a Late Discourse of Free-thinking, in a Letter to 
 
 N.N.by Phileleutherus Lipsiensis (R. Bentley, D.D.) 6th edit. 
 8vo. Cambridge, 1725. See Collins. 
 Bekgier : L'Origine des Dieux du Paganisme, par Bergier. 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Paris. 1774. 
 
 » But Salfi should have mentioned that Bentivo?:lio was really opposed to the sentence passed en 
 Galileo. See Life of Bentivoglio prefixed to M. Loiseau's translation. 
 
Bergier : Les Elemcns Primitifs des Langues clecouvcrts. 12mo. Paris, 
 17G4. 
 
 Ilistoirc dcs Grands Chomins dc I'Empire Romain, contcnant 
 
 rOrigine, Progros, ct Etoiiduo quasi incroyahle do Clu-inins 
 Militairos pavez doi^iis la Villc de Koiiu' jusquos aux Kxtre- 
 mitez de son Empire, par Nicolas Bergier. 4to. 2 vols. 
 Bruxelles, 1728. Large paper. Old red mor. 
 The first edition of this work was published in one large 4to. volume at Paris in 1 C22 ; 
 but this edition liaving become very rare, the work -was reprinted at Brussels in 
 1728 and 17;56, 4to., 2 vols., with I'eutingei-'s Itinerary Chart added. Of these 
 editions that of 1728 is the handsomest and best printed. 
 The high roads of the Komans were among the most extraordinary works of that 
 extraordinary people. Formed of the best materials and in the best manner, they 
 were earned over mountains and rivers, and through morasses and woods ; and served 
 to connect and bind together in one great whole the various provinces of that vast 
 empire. 
 
 " Fecisti patriam diversis gentibus unam : 
 I'rofuit injustis te dominante capi. 
 Dumque ofFert victis proprii consortia juris 
 Urbem fecisti, quod prius orbis erat." 
 
 Rutilii Itin. lib. i. 
 In this work Bergier has collected with unwearied industry almost everything 
 that can be learned with respect to the construction, repair, uses, and police of 
 these roads. He undertook the task at the suggestion of Peiresc, the Maecenas of 
 his day, who supplied him with some portion of the materials for the work (^Bio- 
 graphic Universclk). It might, perhaps, have been advantageously condensed, 
 though the minuteness and amplitude of its details make it in some respects more 
 valuable. 
 
 Berixgton : The History of tlie Lives of Abeillard and Hcloise, with 
 their genuine Letters, by' the Rev. Joseph Berington. 4to. 
 Birmingham, 1787. Calf, ex. 
 
 A respectable work. Bayle's articles on the same lives afford pretty good specimens 
 of some of the best and worst qualities of his Dictionary. 
 
 Memoirs of Gregorio Panzani, with an Account of his Agency in 
 
 England in 1634-36, with a Supplement exhibiting the State 
 of the English Catholic Church from that Period to the Present 
 Times, by the Rev. J. Berington. 8vo. Birmingham, 1793. 
 Calf, ex., uncut. 
 A curious and, in some respects, an important historical work. 
 
 Berkslet : Tracts by Dr. Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne. 8vo. Loudon, 
 1752. 
 
 The Works of George Berkeley, D.D., Bishop of Cloyne, includ- 
 
 ing his Letters to Thomas Prior, E.sq., etc., with an Account of 
 his Life, by the Rev. G. N. Wright, M.A. 8vo. 2 vols. Loudon, 
 1843. See Gaudentio di Lucca. 
 
 Bernard : Edwardi Bcrnardi de Mensuris et Ponderibus Antiqni.s, libri IIL 
 12mo. Oxonian, 1688. Calf, ex. 
 
 De I'Origine et des Debuts de ITmprimerie en Europe, par M. Aug. 
 
 Bernard. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1853. 
 
 Berry : A Comparative View of the Social Life of England and France, 
 by the Editor of Mad. Du Deffand'a Letters (Miss Berry). 8vo. London, 
 1828. Calf, ex. 
 
26 
 
 Bertvick : Memoires du Marechal Due de Berwick ecrits par lui-meme. 
 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1778. 
 Had the legitimate members of the Stuart family been as intelligent and able as the 
 illeo-itimate, the chances are it would have been much less unfortimate. The Lord 
 James Stuart, the brother of Mary, vras. one of the most liberal and sagacious 
 statesmen of his time ; and the Duke of Berwick, son of the exiled James II., ranked 
 as a general with jSIarl borough, Eugene, and Villars. 
 
 Bever : The History of the Legal Polity of the Roman State, and of the 
 Rise, Proo-ress, and Extent of the Roman Laws. 4to. London, 178L 
 
 Beverlandi : Opuscula varia, viz. : — 
 
 1. De Stolatse Virginitatis Jure. Lug. Bat., 1680. "| 
 
 2. De Peccato Originali, 1679. 1 vol. post 
 
 3. De Fornicatione Cavenda, Admonitio, 1698. > 8vo. Vel- 
 
 4. Vox clamantis in Deserto, sub ficto Nomine Alardi Uchtmanni, j^j^ scarce 
 
 1671. J ' 
 
 The reader will find a sufficiently ample account of these curious, but not very valu- 
 able, publications in the Bibliographie histructive of Debure, torn. i. No. 852, &c. 
 
 Bewick : A History of British Birds, with Supplements and Notes. The 
 
 figures engraved on wood by T. Bewick. 8vo. 2 vols. Newcastle, 
 
 1821. Caff, gilt leaves. 
 
 This and the other works illustrated by Bewick derive their principal value fi'om 
 
 his woodcuts. These, though on a small scale, are in the highest degree true to 
 
 nature, and often evince, especially in the vignettes, genuine pathos and keen 
 
 satirical humour. But, though deserving of every commendation, the passion for 
 
 Bewick's publications seems to be carried beyond all reasonable bounds. It 
 
 should be mentioned to his credit that he raised himself entirely by his own 
 
 merits and exertions ; and that he was an excellent man as well as an excellent 
 
 artist. Born 1753, died 1828. 
 
 Beza : Novum Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu Christi, interprete Theo- 
 dore Beza. 12mo. Londini, 1574. Mor., ex. Rare. 
 
 BiANCHiNi : La Istoria Universale provata con Mouumenti, opera di 
 Francesco Bianchini. 4to. Roma, 1747. 
 
 Bibles : Biblia Hebraica, a Joanne Leusden ; recensuit et variis notis 
 illustravit E. Vander Hooght. 8vo. Amst. etUltrajecti, 1705. 
 Old calf, gilt. 
 
 The Holy Bible, with the Book of Common Prayer. Folio. 
 
 (Beckett), London, 1751. Old blue mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 I Folio. (Baskerville,) Cambridge, 1763. Old red mor., gilt 
 
 leaves ; a magnificent book. 
 
 Biblia Hebraica, sine punctis, ad Leusdenianam editionem adornata. 
 
 12mo. Amst., 1701. Uncut, old mor. 
 I Biblia Sacra, Vulgatai Editionis. Editio nova, notis Chronolo- 
 
 gicis et Historicis illustrata. 4to. 2 vols. Parisiis, excudebat 
 Ant. Vitre, 1666. Old mor., gilt. 
 Bibliography, Works relating to, viz. : — 
 
 ■ Banks : Catalogus Bibliothecse Historico-Naturalis Joseph! Banks, 
 
 Regi a Consiliis intimis, Baroneti, Balnei Equitis, &c. ; auctore 
 
 Jona Dryander, A.M. 8vo. 5 vols. Londini, 1797-1800. 
 
 This Catalogue comprises the largest and most valuable collection of books on 
 
 Natural History that has ever belonged to a private individual. It has been 
 
 compiled with a degree of intelligeace and care that leaves nothing to be desired. 
 
27 
 
 BiBLiOGRAPiiT, Works relating to — cont. 
 
 • BiMiothcca Anglo-Poctica ; a DoscriptivG Catalogue of a Rare 
 
 and Rk'li Colloftion of early English Poetry, by A, F. 
 
 GrilHths, Esq. 8vo. London, 1815. Mor., ex. 
 
 Annales do riniprimcrie des Aide, ou Ilistoire des Trois Mauuce, 
 
 par A. A. Kenouard. 3me ed. Svo. Paris, 1834. . 
 Annales de I'lmprinierie des Estienne, ou Histoire de la Famille 
 
 des Estienne et de ses Editions, par A. A. Renouard. 2dc ed. 
 
 Svo. Paris, 1843. 
 . Edwards : ^Memoirs of Libraries, including a Haud-Book of 
 
 Library Economy, by Edward Edwards. Svo. 2 vols. Loudon, 
 
 1859. Large paper. 
 
 The gift of the publishers. 
 
 In this laborious work the history of books and libraries is traced fi-om the earliest 
 ages down to the present times. It is very voluminous ; a defect which might 
 have been considerably diminished by leaving out sundry statements that had 
 better have been omitted. The author has the affectation, not uncommon to 
 wi-iters on statistics, of pretending to extreme accm-acy in matters respecting which 
 there is room only for hypothesis and conjecture. But despite these and other 
 drawbacks it is a valuable work, and is the most complete of its kind in the 
 language. Though published in London, it was printed in Gennany. 
 
 Bibliographical Guide to American Literature, : a Classed List 
 
 of ]3ooks published in the United States of America during 
 the last 40 years, with Bibliographical Introduction, Notes, and. 
 Alphabetical Index, by Nicolas Trlibuer. Svo. London, 1859. 
 
 This is a valuable publication. The Prolegomena furnish much interesting informa- 
 tion ; and the books, which are distributed into about 30 principal classes, are care- 
 fully described. There can, indeed, be no doubt that the work is most creditable to 
 the learned and industrious bookseller, by whom it has been compiled ; it gives 
 an imposing idea of the literature of the United States. 
 
 , Hoym : Catalogus Librorum Bibliothecte illustrissimi viri C. H. 
 
 Comitis de Hoym, digestus et descriptus a Gabriele Martin, 
 Bibliopola Parisieusi, cum indice auctorum. Svo. Pai'isiis, 
 1738. Calf, gilt. 
 
 This Catalogue comprises, taking its date and magnitude into account, an admirable 
 collection of books. They were also in very choice condition, being mostly bound 
 in morocco or veau fauve, with the arms of the Count on each side. But it is 
 said by M. Renouard, that, though otherwise perfect, they were too much cut 
 (Cat. d'un Amateur, iv. 246). When copies occur in the market they bring very 
 hig"h prices. 
 
 . Pieters : Annales de I'lmprinierie des Elzevier, ou Histoire de leur 
 
 Famille et de leurs Editions, par M. Charles Pieters. 2de ed. 
 Svo. a Gand. 1858. 
 A very complete and valuable work. 
 
 Bibliotheca Maphaei Pinellii Veneti, magno jam studio collecta ; 
 
 a Jacobo Morellio descripta et aunotatlonibus illustrata. Svo. 
 6 vols. Venetiis, 1787. Half mor. 
 
 This is an excellent Catalogue of one of the most extensive and valuable libraries 
 ever disposed of by public sale. It was bought by a London bookseller for 
 9,000/. ; and being brought hither, it was sold by public auction. The specu- 
 lation is not said to have proved very advantageous. 
 
28 
 
 Bibliography, Works relating to — cont. 
 
 Bibliotheca Straugeiana, or Catalogue of the Extensive and 
 
 Valuable Library of John Strange, Esq., LL.D., Britannic Resi- 
 dent at Venice, arranged by Samuel Patersou. 8vo. London, 
 1801. 
 
 The Catalogues of Paterson are peculiarly valuable, the books being distributed 
 into classes, forming -n^hat the Fi'ench call a Bihliotheqne Raisonnee. Paterson did 
 not introduce this system ; but he carried out the principle to a greater extent, and 
 with more judgment and discrimination than are exhibited iu any previous Eng- 
 lish catalogues that we have seen. Some of the French Catalogues, such as those 
 of IMartin and Debure, are compiled in the same way, and are most desirable 
 publications. 
 
 In modem catalogues, the books being arranged in alphabetical order, to find 
 out those on any pai'ticular subject we must read over the entire catalogue, which, 
 when the collection is extensive, is a labour that but few care to undertake. It 
 is, also, a serious defect in the present system of cataloguing that it does not show 
 in what respect collections are superior or deficient, that is, in what branches of 
 Literature or science they are rich or poor. 
 
 Annales de I'lmprimerie des Aide, par A. A. Eenouard. 2de ed. 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. Paris, 1825. Blue mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 Catalogue de la Bibliotheque d'un Amateur, (by A. A. Renouard,) 
 
 avec Notes Bibliographiques, Critiques, et Litteraires. 8vo. 
 
 4 vols. Paris, 1819. Large and thick paper. 
 This is a Catalogue of the extensive, choice, and valuable collection of books be- 
 longing to M. A. A. Renouard. It contains a great manj- bibliographical notices, 
 some of which are exceedingly cmious. These are sometimes of general interest, 
 but most frequently, perhaps, they are exclusively applicable to the copies of the 
 books in M. Kenouard's library. 
 
 Bibliotheque des Voyages. See Richarderie. 
 
 Essai Bibliograpliique sur les Editions des Elzevirs. 8vo. Paris, 
 
 1822. Half bound, uncut. 
 
 Bibliotheca Biblica ; a Select List of Books on Sacred Literature, 
 
 with Notices Biographical, Critical, and Bibliographical, by 
 William Orme. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1824. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 This is an able, though pai'tial and one-sided work. The author, a zealous Cal- 
 vinist, estimates the merit and demerit of the works he refers to principally by 
 their agreeing or disagreeing with Calvinistic doctrines. 
 
 ■ An Introduction to the Knowledge of Rare and Valuable Editions 
 
 of the Greek and Latin Classics, with an Account of Polyglot 
 Bibles, &c., by the Rev. T. F. Dibdin, D.D. 4th edition. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1827. 
 
 ■ The Library Companion ; or the Young Man's Guide, and the 
 
 Old Man's Companion in the Choice of a Library, by Dr. 
 Dibdin. 8vo. London, 1824. 
 This is a work of little or no value ; but its extravagance makes it amusing. 
 
 Bibliomania, or Book Madness, by Dibdin. 1st edition. London, 
 
 1809. 
 
 An Introduction to the Study of Bibliography, to which is prefixed 
 
 a Memou' of the Public Libraries of the Ancients, by T. H. 
 Home. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1814. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 The Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature, by W. T. 
 
 Lowndes. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1834. 
 
BiBLiOGRArnv, Works relating to — cntit. 
 
 Bibliotlioca Britaiuiion, or a (JciuM-al Tndox of Britisli and Foroijrn 
 
 Jjitoraturc, iu Two Parts, Authors and Siilijccls, liy Koln-rt 
 Watt, :M.D. 4to. 4 vols. Edinbur-'li, 1824." Russia, extra. 
 
 This is a work of extraordinary labour and also of great utility. It consists of 
 two parts. The first, consisting of an aljjhabetical catalogue of about 4(),()0i) 
 authors, was intended to comprise all tliose belonging to Great Britain and 
 Ireland with the classical authors, and the more celebrated of those belonging to 
 France, Italy, and other countries. Short biographical notices are given of the 
 most distinguished persons, specifying, when practicable, the dates of their birth 
 and death, their profession, &c. ; and lists, which it was intended should be as 
 complete as possible, are subjoined of the works of each author, including their 
 different editions, and other particulars. U'he second portion of the book is a sort 
 
 • of counterpart or index to the first. It comprises an alphabetical list of the 
 various subjects that have been treated of by the authors enumerated in the first 
 part, with references to their works. 
 
 This short statement is enough to show that the plan of the work is of the most 
 comprehensive description ; and considering the enonnous amount of labour and 
 research which it necessarily involves, the wonder is, not that inaccuracies have 
 been detected in it, and that it is in various respects incomplete and defective, 
 but that it is so perfect as we find it to be. Literature has few such monuments 
 of industrj' and perseverance. 
 
 The author of this work was a remarkable instance of talent and tenacity of purpose 
 making their way amid the greatest difficulties. Though originally in the humblest 
 situation, he contrived, during his leisure hom-s, to acquire some knowledge of 
 Latin and Greek, and afterwards maintained himself when at Glasgow College 
 by private teaching. Having been licensed to practise physic, he succeeded ex- 
 tremely well in his profession ; but being obliged to relinViuisli it on account of 
 bad health, he devoted his remaining energies to the accomplishment of this 
 work, on which he had been long engaged. He died in 1819, at the early age of 
 4.5, when it was about finished. It wjs carried through the press by his sons, 
 by whom he was soon followed to the grave. The work was sold to Messrs. 
 Constable and Co. for 2,000/. ; and it is painful to have to add, that owing to 
 their failure, it is doubtful whether Watt's family derived any benefit from its 
 publication. 
 
 The Literature of Political Economy ; a Classified Catalogue of 
 
 Select Publications in the different Departments of thai Science, 
 with Historical, Critical, and Biographical Notices, by J. 11. 
 M'Culloch. 8vo. London, 1845. 
 
 Arithmetical Books, from the Invention of Printing to the Present 
 
 Time, by Aug. de Morgan. Post 8vo. London, 1847. 
 
 Biographia Classica ; the Lives and Characters of the Greek and 
 
 Roman Classics, with a List of the best Editions of each 
 Autlior, by Edward Harwood, D.D. 12mo. 2 vols. London, 
 1778. 
 
 A View of the various Editions of the Greek and Roman Classics, 
 
 with Remarks by Edward Harwood, U.D. 4th (and best) ed. 
 8vo. London, 1790. Calf, ex. 
 
 I. Alb. Fabricii Bibliotheca Latina, auxit et recensuit, J. Aug. 
 
 Ernesti. 8vo. 3 vols. Lipsia3, 1773. 
 
 A Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Institution of Great 
 
 Britain, including a Com[)lete List of all tlie Greek Writers 
 
 (by Dr. Burney), hj William Harris. Royal 8vo. London, 
 
 1821. Calf, ex. 
 Bibliotheca Parriana ; a Catalogue of the Library of the Rev. 
 
 Samuel Parr, D.D. Royal 8vo. London, 1827. Half mor. 
 It is enriched with a few but sometimes very pithy notes, by the learned Doctor. 
 
80 
 
 Bibliography, "Works relating to — cont. 
 
 Bibliotheca Snellingiana ; a Catalogue of the Library of the late 
 
 ingenious Mr. Thomas Snelling, (Author of the Works on the 
 
 Coins and Coinage of England, Scotland, &c.) Sold by Auction 
 
 in London, March 1774, with prices. 8vo. London, 1774. 
 
 Portrait inserted. 
 
 As might have been anticipated from the learning and research displayed in the works 
 
 of Snelling, this Catalogue contains a very extensive and valuable collection of 
 
 ■works on coins, medals, commerce, finance, and political economy. It also 
 
 contains, what one would hardly have expected to find in it, a great number of 
 
 books in diflferent languages on tactics, the art of war, and military subjects 
 
 generally ! The library brought only 298?. ; but were such a collection now to be 
 
 disposed of, it would bring several thousand pounds. 
 
 Catalogue of the Extensive and Valuable Library of Thomas 
 
 Maitland, Esq. (Lord Dundrennan), with sundry Additions. 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1851. 
 
 Lord Dimdrennan was an intimate friend of mine, and an estimable person. He had 
 a fine taste for books, and was most particular as to their condition. 
 
 Catalogue of the English portion of the Library of the Venerable 
 
 Francis Wrangham, M.A. (Only 70 copies printed.) 8vo. 
 Malton, 1826. 
 An immense collection of all sorts of books, good, indifferent, and bad, the latter 
 greatly predominating, with some cm-ious, and many trifling notices. 
 
 Notices and Documents illustrative of the Literary History of 
 
 Glasgow during the greater Part of last Century. 4to. 
 Glasgow, 1831. 
 
 This work is, in truth, little more than a historj- of Eobert and Andrew Foulis, the 
 celebrated printers to the University of Glasgow, and the best, certainly of Scot- 
 tish, if not of British Tj-pographers. It contains a catalogue arranged in chrono - 
 logical order, of the ditierent works that issued from their press dm-ing its con- 
 tinuance, that is, fi-om 1740 to 1777. 
 
 Catalogus Librorum A.C.D.A. (Archibald Campbell Duke of 
 
 Argyle.) 4to. Foulis, Glasgow, 1758. Beautifully printed. 
 
 Calf, gilt. 
 Archibald, Earl of Islay, 3rd Duke of Argyle, the collector and owner of this noble 
 librai-y, died without legitimate issue in 1761. His Scotch estates and honours 
 devolved on his cousin, John, the 4th Duke, his personal and other property being 
 disposed of by will. The libraiy was purchased by John, Earl of Bute, and 
 conveyed to his seat, Luton-Hoo, Bedfordshire. There it remained till 1785, 
 when a considerable portion of it, with other books belonging to his Lordship, was 
 brought to London, and sold by auction. The residue is still in the possession of 
 the llarquis of Bute, and forms an important portion of his extensive and valuable 
 library. 
 
 Catalogues of the extensive and choice Libraries of Alexander 
 
 Henderson, Esq., and Lord Rutherfurd. 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 The library of Lord Kutherftird, a highly distinguished Scotch lawyer, contained a 
 great many very expensive works on natm-al history, the fine arts, Italian litera- 
 ture, classical learning, antiquities, &c., all in the finest condition. Having been 
 sold, with some considerable reservations, by public auction in Edinburgh, it 
 produced above 7,000/., being the largest sum ever reaKzed by the sale of a library 
 in Scotland. 
 
 The books of Henderson, an old friend of mine, were sold, in London, under very 
 unfavom-able circumstances, and were indeed little better than thrown away. 
 
31 
 
 BiBLiOGRApnr, Works relating to — conf. 
 
 ■ ■ ■ Ruddimann : Bibliotlioca Romana, sive Catalogus Auctorum, tam 
 
 coruin qui voro Roiuani, alias Classici appellaiitur, quaui ])l('ro- 
 runique illorum qui literas Romanas rostituerunt, vol (iiioquo 
 modo iis excoleiidis proiiiovendisiiuo opcraiu inqiendcniiit : 
 quoruin fere omnium oplimas editionos collogit, ct in ordincni 
 digessit Thomas Ruddimannus, A.M. 8vo. Edinburgi, 1757. 
 
 This Catalogue of a portion of the library of the famous grammarian Kuddiman is 
 alike scarce and valuable. 
 
 ■ Bibliographic dcs Principaux Ouvragcs relatifs ^ 1' Amour, anx 
 
 Femmes, et au Mariagc, par M. Le C. D'l. 8vo. Paris, 1861. 
 Uncut, half mor. 
 — — — Bibliotheca Westiana : A Catalogue of the curious and valuable 
 Library of James West, Esq., F.R.S., digested by Samuel 
 Paterson, and sold by Auction in 1773, Avith the prices. 
 
 - — Quaritch : A Catalogue of Books in all Classes of Literature, 
 
 many being rare, valuable, and curious, offered for sale by 
 Bernard Quaritch. 8vo. Loudon, 1860. 
 
 This Catalogue reflects great credit on the intelligent tradesman by -svhom it has 
 been produced. It comprises a very extensive, and, indeed, extraordinary collec- 
 tion, consisting principally of foreign and classical books, mostly in the depart- 
 ments of philosophy, the fine arts, natural science, Oriental literature, geography 
 and history, genealogy and heraldry, politics and political economy, and so on. 
 The books are divided into classes ; and are frequently characterized in brief 
 notices, being principally quotations from the best authorities, but evincing, in all 
 cases, knowledge, research, and industry. Altogether it is a valuable work ; 
 and is one of the best specimens of a btjokseller's catalogue that has been published 
 in England for many years past. 
 
 Bibliographic Listructive, ou Traitc de la Con-~] 
 
 naissance des Livres rares ct singuliers, par j ^^ r, 
 
 M. G. F. Debure. 4to. 7 vols. Paris, 1763. ', ^fj^l "a"^^^' 
 
 Supplement a la Bibliographie Listructive, ou ' ^,^,n;f'm-nf*' 
 
 Catalogue des Livres de M. Gaignat. 4to. 
 2 vols. Paris, 1769. 
 
 Catalogue of Law Books in the Library of the Writers to the 
 
 Signet in Scotland, by William Ivory, Esq., W.S. Royal 8vo. 
 Uncut. Edinburgh, 1856, 
 
 This foims Vol. I. of a proposed general catalogue of the library of the W.S. The 
 books are classified chronologically according to their subjects, and there are 
 occasional valuable explanatory notices. It is extremely well executed. The 
 gift of my learned and esteemed friend the Author. 
 
 Bibliotheca Graca et Latina, complectens Auctores quas usui meo 
 
 pai-avi Periergus Deltophilus (Count Rewiczki). 8vo. Bcrolini, 
 1780. With all the Supplements. Fine paper. Red mor. 
 
 From the library of M. Naigeon, " I'homme le plus diflBcile du monde pour la con- 
 dition de ses exemplaires." 
 
 Bibliotheca Universalis Selecta, collected and arranged by Mr. 
 
 Samuel Paterson. 8vo, London, 1786. Calf, ex., IL & B. 
 
 This Catalogue of an excellent collection of books affords a favourable specimen of 
 Paterson's skill in their classification. 
 
32 
 
 Bibliography, Works relating to — cont. 
 
 Mead : Bibliotheca Meadiana, sive Catalogus Librorum Richardi 
 
 Mead, M.D,, cum Pretiis. There is added to it a Catalogue 
 of the Museum Meadianum. 
 Dr. Mead, one of the most illustrious of English physicians, amassed a noble collec- 
 tion of books, pictm-es, prints, medals, and articles of virtu. They were sold by 
 auction, in 1754 and 1755 ; and the books brought, what must then have been 
 reckoned, very high prices. The different items produced as follows, viz. : — 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Books 5,518 10 11 
 
 Medals 1,977 17 
 
 Antiques 3,246 15 6 
 
 Pictures 3,417 11 
 
 Prints 1,908 14 6 
 
 Total - £16,069 8 11 
 
 Dr. Mead sold his Greek MSS. to Dr. Askew for 500/. He also sold hii? 
 miniatures to the Prince of Wales ; and his ?;eries of Greek kings to Messrs. Games 
 and Kennedy. His fine bronze head of Homer, now in the British Museum, was 
 bought by Lord Exeter for 136/. 10s., and placed by him where it has remained. 
 
 Catalogue des Livres de feu ]\I. I'Abbe D'Orleans de Rothelin, 
 
 par G. Martin. 8vo. Paris, 1746. With a fine portrait. Vellum. 
 This well-arranged Catalogue of a very extensive library is become uncommonly 
 scarce. The Abbe de Kothelin, by whom it was collected, a descendant of one of 
 the best families of France, was distinguished by his learning, m'banity, and gene- 
 rosity. He is warmly eulogised by Voltaire in the Temple du Gout. 
 " Cher Eothelin, vous futes du voyage, 
 Vous, que le gout ne cesse d'inspirer, 
 Vous, dont I'esprit si delicat, si sage, 
 
 Vous, dontl'exemple a daigne me montrer 
 Par quels chemins on peut, sans s'egarer, 
 
 Chercher ce goiit, ce Dieu que dans cet age 
 Maints beaux-esprits font gloire d'ignorer." 
 M. de Rothelin was entrusted by the Cardinal de Polignac with the incomplete manu- 
 script of the Anti-Lucretius, which he prepared for publication. But he had to 
 leave to one of his Mends, M. Le Beau, the duty of seeing it through the press. 
 He died in 1744, at the age of 53. — (Biographic Universelle.') 
 
 Repertoire Bibliographique Universel, par M. Peiguot. 8vo. 
 
 Paris, 1802. 
 
 Bibliotheque de M. Le Baron Silvestre de Sacy. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1842. Half mor,, uncut. 
 Sacy was a first-rate Oriental scholar, and his library contained a very extensive and 
 valuable collection of Hebrew, Arabic, Sanscrit, Persian, and other Eastern lan- 
 guages. It was, also, rich in classical literature, and in the literature of Modern 
 Europe. 
 
 Nouveau Dictionnaire Portatif de Bibliographic, par M. F. J. 
 
 Fouruier. 2de edition. 8vo. Paris, 1809. Mor. ex. 
 
 Manuel du Libraire et de 1' Amateur de Livres, par M. J. C. 
 
 Brunet. 8vo. 5 vols. Paris, 1842. Half mor., top edges 
 gilt, Hay day. 
 
 Couseils pour former une Bibliotheque peu Nombreuse mais 
 
 Choisie, par M. Formey. 5me edition. 12mo. Amst., 
 1764. Mor. 
 
 Bibliotheque de Jurisprudence Commerciale, par M. Pardessus. 
 
 8vo. Paris. 
 
38 
 
 BiBLiOGRAPnY, Works relating to, viz. : — 
 
 ■ ' Dictionnaire des Ouvragcs Anonyraos et Pscuilonynics, par M. 
 
 Barbier. 2de ed. 8vo. 4 vol^^. Paris, 1823. Thick paper. 
 One of the most valuable bibliographical works hitherto published. 
 
 Tcchener : Description Bihiiograpliiquo des Livres choisls en 
 
 tons Genres composant la Librairic dc M. Tcchener. Svo. 
 2 vols. Paris, 18oo-58. 
 This is a Catalogue Iiai»oiiiii'e of one of the best collections of books that has been 
 oflFered for sale for some years past. 
 Upcott. See the word. 
 
 BiciiKxo's Ireland and its Economy. See Ireland, Works on. See, also. 
 
 Poor, &c. 
 BiELFELD : Institutions Politiqnes, par M. Le Baron dc Bielfcld. 4to. 
 
 2 vols, in one. La Ilaye, 1760. 
 
 Billings : The Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland, by 
 R. W. Billings. 4to. 4 vols; Half blue mor., uncut. 
 
 Bingham : The Works of the learned Joseph Bingham, A.]M., containing 
 Origines Ecclesiastical, or the Antiquities of the Christian Church, &c. 
 Folio. 2 vols. London, 1726. Calf, ex., gilt leaves. 
 
 The Origines Ecclesiastica is a very important work, being distinguished alike by its 
 learning, research, and impartiality. Having been translated with the autbor'a 
 other works into Latin, it was published at Ilalle in 1724, and again in 1751. 
 The German critics speak of it in the highest terms : — " Opus ipsum Binghami tarn 
 egregium est, ut meriio inter libros, guibus Antiquitates Ecclesiasticce universce enar- 
 ratcB sunt principatum teneat;sive ad rerum copiam atque apparatum ; sive ad 
 earum ej-planationem animum advcrtere velimus. Coiniiu'iidat illud se accitiatiuri 
 ordine argumentis solidis; sive tcstimonits, qua ex ipsis J'oiitihus liausta ac diligcntcr 
 adducta sunt, perspicuitate atque aliis virtutibus." — (Walchii, Bibliotheca Theo- 
 logica, iii. 671.) 
 
 We regret to have to add that in preparing his great work Bingham had to 
 struggle with the res angusta domi, (his income being only about lOO/. a year,) 
 with bad health, and with a deficient supply of books. He died in 1723, at the 
 age of 55. 
 
 BiNGLEY : Memoirs of British Quadrupeds, by the Rev. W. Bingley, A.M. 
 London, 1809. 
 
 Animal Biography ; or Authentic Anecdotes of the Lives, Man- 
 
 ners, and Economy of the Animal Creation. 2d edition. Svo. 
 3 vols. London, 1804. Calf, ex., II. & B. 
 Biography: A General (Biographical) Dictionary, in which a Translation 
 of that of Bayle is included, with many additions. Folio. 10 
 vols. London, 1734-41. Old calf, gilt. 
 A very large portion of this work was compiled by the learned and laborious Dr- 
 Thomas Birch. He had for his principal assistants Messrs. Bernard, Lockman, aud 
 Sale, the translator of the Koran, with occasional aid from several others. It is a 
 valuable publication. 
 
 Biographia Britannica ; or the Lives of the most Eminent 
 
 Persons of Great Britain and Ireland, from the Earliest Period 
 
 down to the Present Time. Folio. 6 vols. London, 1747, &c. 
 
 Large paper. Russia. Choice copy. 
 
 This work, the publication of which commenced in 1747, was principally compiled 
 
 by the Rev. W. Morant, the historian of Essex, Dr. John t'amiibeli, the Kev. 
 
 Mr. Broughton, author of the Dictionary of all Keligiou.s, Mr. William Oldys, 
 
 author of the British Librarian, Mr. Harris, of Dublin, Dr. ^■icolls, and other 
 
 C 
 
34 
 
 Biography : Biograpbia Britannica — cont. 
 
 ■writers of that period. Some of them had previously been contributors to the 
 General Dictionary, which, as seen above, includes a translation of Bayle ; and 
 the Biograpbia is formed on the plan of the latter. It comprises an immense 
 mass of materials, often relating to persons of little importance, and foi-ms a store- 
 house which has been of great service to subsequent inquirers ; but it is more 
 valuable for the facts and details which it embodies, than for the use that has been 
 made of them. A few of the lives are uncommonly good, but they are in general 
 of an inferior description, being for the most part too laudatory, and deficient in 
 philosophy and criticism. 
 
 A new edition of this work, on a still more extensive plan, was commenced by 
 Dr. Kippis,in 1778 ; but of it only 5 volumes, extending to the letter F, have been 
 published. The Dictionary of Biography, by Charles Knight, 1856-58, in 6 vols., 
 is probably, on the whole, the best general biographical work in the language 
 (see next article). But it omits many lives of impoi'tance, including those of 
 numbers of distinguished Englishmen, and is otherwise veiy deficient. A really 
 good, and moderate sized. Biographical Dictionary is, at this moment, one of 
 the greatest desideratums in English literature. 
 
 The dictionary of Chalmers has nothing but its bulk to recommend it ; and that of 
 Rose is not much better. The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the 
 Diffusion of Usefid Knowledge would, had it been finished, have been superior to 
 most works of its class. But being weighed down by a host of obscm'e eastern 
 names, it was much too bulky ; and was abandoned by the Society as soon as 
 A (comprising seven vols. !) was finished. 
 
 Biography : English Cyclopferlia, Part Biography, conducted by C. Knight. 
 
 4to. 6 vols. London, 1856-58. 
 • Biographic Universelle, Ancienne et Moderne. 8vo. 52 vols. 
 
 Paris, V.Y. Light coloured calf. 
 
 This is one of the most important literary undertakings that have been begun and 
 completed in the course of this century. Like other works effected by the co- 
 operation of many individuals there is a good deal of inequality among the articles 
 it comprises, though less, perhaps, than might have been anticipated. All the 
 most eminent contemporaiy French writers are to be found in the list of its 
 contributors. The articles on Frenchmen are, as was to be expected, the most 
 numerous, and, on the whole, the fullest and best executed. Many of the articles 
 on the most distinguished Italians are by Sismondi and Gingueno, and have a high 
 degree of merit, especially those by the latter. English worthies do not, perhaps, 
 fare so well, but the accounts of them are often extremely good ; and speaking 
 generally, they are much better than those in Chalmers' Dictionary and such like 
 publications. Altogether it is an invaluable work. I have rarely consulted it 
 without finding trustwortliy and valuable information. 
 
 BiOT (J. B.) See Zodiacs. 
 
 BiKCH : The Heads of Illustrious Persons of Great Britain, engraven 
 by Houbraken and Vertue, with their Lives and Characters, by 
 ThomasBirch, A.M., F.R.S. Folio. London, 1747. Old Russia. 
 
 . — Life of Dr. John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury, compiled 
 chiefly from Original Papers and Letters. 2d edition. London, 
 1753. Calf, ex., uncut. 
 
 The History of Ancient Pottery, by Samuel Birch, F.S.A. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1858. 
 
 BiRKBECK : Notes of a Journey through France, and other Tracts by 
 Morris Birkbeck. London, 1815. 
 
 Black : A Comparative View of the Mortality of the Human Species in 
 all Ages, &c., by Wm. Black, M.D. 8vo. London, 1788. Calf, ex. 
 
 Bt.ack, John. See Dupont de Nemours in Political Economy. 
 
Blackstonk Tracts rolatin.c; to the Anfiqiiitios aiul Laws of Eiifrland l)v 
 William r,Iackstono, Esq. 4to. Oxford, 1771. ^ ' ' 
 
 • CoiumiMitarics. 11 ih edition, by Burn aud Williama. 8vo. 4 vols. 
 
 London, 1791. Calfj ex. 
 
 Blackavell : An Inquiry into the Life and Writings of^ 
 
 Homer, by Thomas Blackwell, J.U.D. 8vo. Russia, ox, 
 London, 1757. y Lursc paper, 
 
 Letters concerning Mythology. 2d edition. 8vo. I unilbim. 
 
 London, 17.57. J 
 
 Memoirs of the Court of Augustus. 2nd edition. 4to. 3 vols. 
 
 London, 1760. See Shaftesbury. 
 
 Blaiu : An Liquiry into the State of Slavery among the Romans, by 
 William Blair, Esq. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1833. 
 The author of this learned little vrork was a son of Robert Blair, the celebrated 
 President of the Court of Session, and a grandson of the author of the " Grave." 
 
 Sermons by Hugh Blair, D.D. 8vo. 3 vols. Lon-^ 
 
 don, 1786. (^Bright old calf, 
 
 Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. 8vo. ( gilt, uniform 
 
 3 vols. London, 1787. J 
 
 Sermons, with Life and Character of Blair, by James Fiulayson, 
 
 D.D. 8vo. o vols. London, 1781-1801. Calf, ex. 
 
 Account of the Life and Writings of, by John Hill,' LL.D. 8vo. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1807 ; to which is added A Critical Dissertation on 
 the Poems of Ossitm, by Dr. Blair. 2d ed. 8vo. London 
 1765. Calf, ex. 
 It has latterly been rather customary to, undervalue both the Sermons and the Lec- 
 tures of Blair. They are said to be superficial, and deficient in earnestness and force. 
 We believe, however, that their supposed want of depth results principally from the 
 clearness with which they are expressed ; and that had they been less easily 
 understood they would have been considered as more profound. Obscurity in 
 writing, like niuddiness in water, often makes that be supposed to be unu.'uially 
 deep which is in reality more distinguished by its shallowness than by anythin"' 
 else. Had Hume, Paley, and Blair written less clearly and concisely, they 'would 
 have been reckoned more sagacious and able. 
 
 The Lectures appear to be admirably fitted for attaining the end in view. They 
 conduct the reader over the wide domain of polite literature ; they point out the 
 distinguishing characteristics of its great departments, with the best models to 
 be followed, and the faults to be principally avoided in each ; and show the student 
 how he may most easily attain to the excellence he has been taught to appreciate 
 and admire. The style is particularly well suited to promote the objects of the 
 le'cturer. In this respect the Lectures are infinitely superior to those of Brown. 
 The sentences are neither too long nor too short, and are characterized by a per- 
 spicuity and a neatness which will not easily be surpassed. Its plainness and 
 want of pretension, which are among the best qualities of the style, appear to have 
 given rise to the wholly erroneous notion of its being deficient in force. 
 
 It is said that Blair has been much indebted to the Trench critics, which is true ; 
 but not more to them than to those of antiquity and of his own country. The 
 lihitoriyue Fran^aise of Crevier appears to have furnished him with some useful 
 hints^ Blair's work has been highly praised by Chenier (Litterature Fran(;aise, 
 3me ed., p. 10.3), who says oi '\{,—'' Des principes judicieux presentis avec mc'tlivde, 
 eclaircis par dcs applications heuremes, itendus par ranalyse philosophique, ncom- 
 mandent les cinq divisions dc I'oitvrage." 
 
 Blair was an intimate friend of Hume, Robertson, and Smith. Some notices of him 
 M'ill be found in Carlyle's Memoirs ; and a sketch of his life, written with com- 
 mendable brevity by Dr. Finlayson, has been annexed to his berinons. The 
 account of his life by Dr. John Hill is below criticism. 
 
 c 2 
 
Blair : The History of the Kise and Progress of Geography, by the Rev. 
 
 John Blair, LL.D. 12mo. London, 1784. 
 Blaket : History of Moral Science, by Eobert Blakey. 2d edition. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1836. 
 Blanqui : Voyage en Bulgarie pendant I'Annee 1841, par M. Blanqui. 
 8vo. Paris, 1843. 
 
 Histoire d'Economie Politique. See Political Economy, Works on. 
 
 Bletterie (M. I'Abbe de la) : Vie de I'Empereur Julien. 12mo. Paris, 
 
 1735. Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 
 Histoire de I'Empereur Jovien, etc. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1748. 
 
 M. De la Bletterie having incautiously provoked the hostility of Voltaire hecame 
 
 the object of his raillery and of the attacks of his parasites. Among the latter, 
 Grimm has distinguished himself by the violence of his abuse (Correspondence, vi. 
 p. 37, &c.) But the praise of so excellent a judge as Gibbon, who has referred to 
 the Abbe over and over again in terms of high eulogy, is a move than sufficient 
 antidote to the diatribes of Grimm (Decline and Fall, cap. 24, passim, and 
 Miscellaneous \Yorks, v. 463, Sec.) Gibbon says characteristically that the Abbe's 
 " elaborate history " of the short reign of Jovian is " a work remarkably distin- 
 guished by elegance of style, critical disquisition, and religious prejudice." 
 
 See Tacitus, in Classics and Translations. 
 
 Russia, ofilt. 
 
 Bloomfield : The Farmer's Boy, a Rural Poem, by Robert"^ 
 
 Bloomfield. 4th edition. London, 1801. 
 Views in Suffolk, Norfolk, and Northampton- 1^ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 shire, illustrative of the Poems of Bloomfield, 
 
 with Descriptions, by E. M. Brayley. Loudon, 
 
 1806. 
 
 Blumenbach : The Elements of Physiology, from the Latin of J. F. 
 Blumenbach, by John Elliotson, M.D. 4th edition. 8vo. London, 
 1828. Calf, ex. 
 
 BocCACio : II Decamerone di M. Giovanni Boccacio. 8vo. 5 vols. 
 Loudra (Parigi), 1757. Morocco, ex. 
 
 . 4to. Londra, 1725. Old mor. 
 
 • The Decameron, or Ten Days' Entertainment of Boccacio, trans- 
 lated from the Italian. 2d edition. 8vo, 2 vols. London, 1804. 
 Boccacio, the son of a Florentine merchant, was horn in 131.3. He was a principal 
 reviver of classical learning in Italy ; and his Decameron affords one of the earliest 
 and also one of the best specimens of Italian prose. It was probably written at the 
 suggestion of Joanna, Queen of Naples, and consists of a series of tales said to 
 have been related by a society of young ladies and gentlemen who had retired 
 from Florence, wheu it was visited by the plague, to a villa in the neighbourhood. 
 Native critics commend in the highest terms the ease and beauty of the nar- 
 rative. According to Denina those who have not read the Decameron can form 
 no just idea of the genius of the Italian language (Vicende della Letteratura, 
 cap. 4). It is to be regretted that the style should be the purest part of the book ; 
 and that while the tales are told in very choice Italian, their subjects are often, 
 but not always, of an extremely licentious and inmioral character. But this 
 blemish has not prevented their becoming extremely popular. The dexterity and 
 ingenuity displayed in the commission of bad or questionable acts being apparently 
 considered as sufficient to apologise for them. The tales are the only works of the 
 author that are now cared for. He died in 1375. 
 In the translation the most exceptionable passages are either struck out or modified. 
 BocHARTi (Sam.) Opera omnia, curis Leusden et Villemandy. Folio. 
 3 vols. Lugd. Bat., 1692. Russia. 
 
37 
 
 BoDix : Six Books of a Coiiimoinvoalt% tr;inslaloil from the French and 
 Lathie Copies by Kichanl Kiiolles. Folio. London. 1606. 
 Knollcs, the translator of tliis work, was the Author of the Ilistoiy of the Turks, so 
 mueh praised by Johnson. Sec Knolles. 
 
 Bodin ct son Temps : Tableau dt^s Theories Politiqncs etdes Idecs 
 
 Eeonomiques au IGine siecic par Henri Baudrillart. 8vo. 
 Paris, 1853. 
 Bodin was one of the most distinguished writers of the age in whicli he lived. But 
 he is ehietly entitled to notice from his having anticipated some of those liberal 
 political and economical doctrines that are now universally established. His 
 achievements in this respect are fully described in the valuable work of Baudril- 
 lart. Hallam, at the close of an elaborate analysis of the Kepublic, observes: — • 
 "It must appear from this sketch that Bodin possessed a highly philosophical 
 mind united Mith the most ample stores of history and jurisprudence. No former 
 writer on political philosophy has been either so comprehensive in his scheme, 
 or so copious in his knowledge ; none, perhaps, more original, more independent 
 and fearless in his inquiries." — (Lit. ]\lod. Em-ope, ii. 229.) 
 
 BoECKH : The Public Economy of Athens, from the German of Boeckh, by 
 G. C. Lewis, Esq. Svo. 2 vols. London. Calf, ex. 
 
 BoiLEAU : CEuvres de M. Boileau Despreaux, avec des Notes et deg 
 Eclaircissemens Ilistoriques, etc., par M. De St. Marc. Svo. 
 5 vols. Paris, 1772. Larjic paper. Red mor., Derome. 
 
 Le meme. Svo. 5 vols. Paris, 1747. Calf, ex. 
 
 Boileau has been not unaptly styled the French Pope. His satirical and critical 
 poems have very great merit, and are distinguished by their good sense, and the 
 polish and beauty of their versification. L'Art Povtkine of Boileau is superior to the 
 Ars Fuetica of Horace, and to that of Vida, as well as to the Essay on Criticism of 
 Pope. It is, in truth, an all but perfect production. But tliere is nothing in Boileau 
 to compare with the Rape of the Lock or the Epistle of Eloisa to Abelard, or to 
 match the vigour and point displayed in the RIoral Essays of the English poet. 
 Boileau was a better scholar than Pope, and his translation of Longinus is held in 
 high estimation. 
 There is a wide difference between the estimates of Boileau given by Hallam (Lite- 
 rature of Europe, iv. 410) and Mathias (Pursuits of Literature, 7th ed. p. 3). 
 While he is unjustly depreciated by the former, he is pronounced by the latter to be 
 "the most perfect of all modern writers in true taste and judgment. His sagacity 
 was unerring ; he combined every ancient excellence, and appears original even in 
 the adoption of acknowledged thoughts and allusions." This is high, but not too 
 high praise. 
 
 BoLixGBROKE : The Works of the Right Hon. Henry St. John, Viscount 
 Bolingbroke, by David Mallet, Esq. 4to. 5 vols. London, 1754. 
 The worthlessness of Bolingbroke's philosophy, and the spuriousness of his patriot- 
 ism, have been long admitted. He has now but few readers. And yet his poli- 
 tical works, including his Letters on History, may be advantageously consulted, 
 in some degree for the matter, but more for the style. A very great master of 
 the art of writing refers to Bolingbroke as follows:—" I desire that you will read 
 the ' Spirit of Patriotism ' over and over again, with particular attention to the style, 
 and to all those beauties of oratory with which it is adorned. Till I read that 
 book, I confess I did not know all the extent and powers of the English language. 
 Lord Bolingbroke has both a tongue and a pen to persuade. His manner of 
 speaking in private conversation is full as elegant as his Avritings; whatever sub- 
 ject he either speaks or writes upon, he adorns with the most splendid elojjncnce ; 
 not a studied or laboured eloquence, but such a flowing happiness of diction, which 
 (from care perhaps at first) is become so habitual to him, that even his most fami- 
 liar conversations, if taken down in writing, would bear the press, without the 
 lea-st correction either as to method or style. If his conduct in the former part of 
 his life had been equal to all his natural and acquired talents, he would most 
 justly have merited the epithet of all-accomplished." 
 
BOLINGBROKE — cont. 
 
 Lord Chesterfield then proceeds to give the following character of this extraordinary 
 
 person : — 
 " Lord Bolingbroke has noble and generous sentiments, rather than fixed reflected 
 principles of good nature and fi-iendship ; but they are more violent than lasting, 
 and suddenly and often varied to their opposite extremes, with regard even to the 
 same persons. He receives the common attentions of civility as obligations, which 
 he returns with interest; and resents with passion the little inadvertencies of 
 human nature, which he repays with interest too. Even a difference of opinion 
 upon a philosophical subject would provoke and prove him no practical philo- 
 sopher, at least. 
 " Notwithstanding the dissipation of his youth, and the tumultuous agitation of his 
 middle age, he has an infinite fund of various and almost universal knowledge, 
 which, fi-om the clearest and quickest conception and happiest memory that ever 
 man was blessed with, he always carries about him. It is his pocket money, and 
 he never has occasion to draw upon a book for any sum. He excels more parti- 
 cularly in history, as his historical works plainly prove. The relative political 
 and commercial interests of every country in Europe, particularly of his own, are 
 better known to him than perhaps to any man in it ; but how steadily he has 
 pursued the latter, in his public conduct, his enemies, of all parties and denomi- 
 nations, tell with joy. 
 " He engaged young, and distinguished himself in business ; and his penetration 
 was almost intuition. I am old enough to have heard him speak in Parliament. 
 And I remember that, though prejudiced against him by party, I felt all the force 
 and charms of his eloquence. Like Belial, in Milton, ' he made the worse appear 
 the better cause.' All the internal and external advantages and talents of an 
 orator are undoubtedly his. Figure, voice, elocution, knowledge, and. above all, 
 the purest and most florid diction, with the justest metaphors and happiest images, 
 had raised hira to the post of Secretary at War, at four-and-twenty years old; an 
 age at which others are hardly thought fit for the smallest employments. 
 " Dm-ing bis long exile in France he applied himself to study with his character- 
 istical ardoiu-, and there he formed and chiefly executed the plan of a great philo- 
 sophical work. The common bounds of human knowledge are too narrow for 
 his warm and aspiring imagination. He must go extra flammantia viaiiia mundi 
 and explore the unknown and unknowable regions of metaphysics ; which open 
 an tmbounded field for the excmsions of an ardent imagination ; where endless 
 conjectures supply the defect of vmattainable knowledge, and too often usurp both 
 its name and influence. 
 " He has had a very handsome person, with a most engaging address in his air and 
 manners ; he has all the dignity and good breeding which a man of quality should 
 or can have, and which so few, in this coimtry at least, really have. 
 " He professes himself a Deist, believing in a general Pro\ddence, but doubting of, 
 though by no means rejecting (as is commonly supposed), the immortality of the 
 soul and a future state. 
 " Upon the whole of this extraordinary man, what can we say, but alas, poor human 
 nature !" — (Chesterfield's Letters, ii. 290, ed. 1775.) 
 BoLLAERT : Antiquarian, Etlmological, and other Researclies in New 
 Granada, Equador, Peru, and Chili, with Observations on the Monuments 
 of the Peruvian Nations, by William Bollaert, F.R.G.S. 8vo. London, 
 1860. 
 BONNYCASTLE : An Introduction to Astronomy, by John Bonnycastle. 
 
 5th edition. Svo. London, 1807. 
 BoNS Mots, Elite de. 12mo. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1745. Calf, ex. 
 
 A very good collection, comprising the best parts of the best Ana. 
 BoNUCCi : Pompei decrite, par Charles Bonucci, de la 3°^'= ed. Italienne. 
 
 Svo. Naples, 1828. 
 Boot (A. B. de), Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia ; recensuit, Commen- 
 tariisque illustravit A. Toll, M.D. Svo. Lug. Bat., 1636. Ex. Bib. J. 
 A. Thuani. Veau fauve. 
 
.so 
 
 BouLASE : Antiquities, Historical and Monumental, of Cornwall, by Wm. 
 
 Bovlase, LL.D., &c. 2d edition. Folio. London, 1769. 
 The Natural History of Cornwall, 8cc. &c. Folio. Oxford, 1758. 
 
 These two volumes uniform. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 Observations on the Ancient and Present State of the Islands of 
 
 Scilly. 4to. Oxford, l7o6. 
 Boscovicir : De Solis ac Luna; Defectibus, libri V. 4to. Londini, 17G0. 
 
 Uncut. 
 BosMAN : A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea, &c., 
 
 from the Dutch of William Bosman. 8vo. London, 1705. Old calf, ex. 
 Bossi : Ilistoire de Christoi)he Colomb, de ITtalien de Bossi. Bvo. Paris, 
 
 1824. 
 
 BossuET, (Messire J.,) EvCque de Meaux, viz. : — 
 
 Discours sur I'Histoire Universelle. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1744. 
 
 Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 This is reckoned the masterpiece of Bossuet, and is in the highest degree animated- 
 compact, eloquent, and imposing. But it labours under the incurable defect of 
 making the history and progress of the principal nations of antiquity, and indeed 
 of the human race, depend in great measure upon that of so inconsiderable, selfish, 
 and repulsive a people as the Jews. Bossuet gives an undue exaltation to prophets, 
 priests, and kings. In his eyes they are everything, while the liberty and happiness 
 of the mass of the people are comparatively nothing. In this respect the Histoire 
 Universelle is immeasurably inferior to the Telemaque of Fenelon. In the latter 
 religion is held in proper respect, but the rights of humanity are not forgotten, and 
 the vices of rulers, and the destructive consequences of oppressive systems of policy, 
 \mjust wars, and ill-regulated ambition, are depicted with a truthfulness that com- 
 mands the assent of every reader. Nothing of this sort is to be found in Bossuet. 
 // fait retentir toutes les maximes qui etablissent le pouvoir absolu des rois et des 
 ministres de la religion* Sometimes, indeed, he censures, in no measured terms, 
 the proceedings of the gi'eat and powerful, but it is when he believes them to be 
 contrary to what he considers a divine command or regulation, and not because 
 they may be inconsistent with the welfare of society ; this is a consideration on 
 which he seldom lays any stress. 
 
 Qi^uvres Philosophiques de. 12mo. Paris, 1843. 
 
 Oraisons Fuuebres de, avec I'Eloge Historique de Bossuet. 12mo. 
 
 Paris, 1774. 
 
 ■ Histoire des Variations des Eglises Protestantes. 12mo. 4 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1760. 
 
 Vie de Bossuet, par M. De Burigny. 12mo. Paris, 1761. 
 
 BoswELL : The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D., comprehending an 
 
 Account of his Studies, Works, &c., by James Boswell, Esq. 
 
 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1826. 
 . The same Work, edited by the Eight Hon. J. W. Croker. Royal 
 
 8vo. London, 1848. 
 ■ An Account of Corsica, being the Journal of a Tour in that 
 
 Island, with Memoirs of Pascal Paoli. 2d edition. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1768. 
 
 The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, 
 
 LL.D. 8vo. London, 1785. 
 
 BoTJCHAUD : Recherches sur la Police des Romains, concernantles Grands 
 Chemins, les Rues, etc., par M. Bouchaud. Svo. Paris, 1840, 
 
 ♦ Barante de la Litt6rature Francaise, p. 55. 
 
40 
 
 BouCHAUD : Traites de Commerce. See Commerce. 
 
 Traite de Vingtiemes, etc. See Taxation. 
 
 BouE : La Turquie d'Europe, ou Observations sur sa Geographic, sa 
 Geologic, sa Statistique, etc., par M. Ami Boue. 8vo. 4 vols. Paris, 
 1840. Calf, ex. 
 BouGAiN\aLLE : Dissertation sur les Colonies Grecques. 12mo. Paris, 
 1746. 
 
 Voyage autour du Monde en 1766, 1767, 1768, et 1769. 4to. 
 
 Paris, 1771. Mor., ex. 
 BouGEANT : Histoire des Guerres et des Negociations qui precederent 
 le Traite de Westphalie, par le Pere Bougeant. Post 8vo. 6 vols. 
 Paris, 1751. Mor., gilt leaves, 
 " It only remains to mention the bible of French politicians, V Histoire du Traite de 
 Westphalie, by Father Bougeant. It contains an account, equally interesting and 
 instructive, of the war of thirty years ; and all the political negociations of 
 France, from the League to the peace of Westphalia."— (Butler's Reminiscences, 
 i. 325.) 
 BouGUER : Nouveau Traite de Navigation, par M. Bouguer ; revu et 
 
 abrege par La Caille. 8vo. Paris, 1760. 
 BouHOURS, Qi^uvres de, viz. : — 
 
 Les Entretiens d'Ai'iste et d'Eugene. 12mo."l 
 
 Paris, 1737. \ 
 
 Peusees Ingenieuses des Anciens et des Modernes. I Calf gilt, 
 
 12mo. Paris, 1761.. ^ uniform. 
 
 , La Maniere de Bien Penser dans les Ouvrages 
 
 d'Esprit. 12mo. Paris, 1768. 
 
 La Maniere de Bien Penser, autre exemplaire, originairement 
 
 appartenant a Madame Victoire, tante de Louis XVL Olive 
 
 mor. 
 These ingenious works greatly contributed to polish French style, and to give 
 it the clearness and precision by which it is characterized. Bouhours, says 
 Hallam, " is an unsparing enemy of obscurity, exaggeration, and nonsense." 
 (iv. 512.) And we do not know that there can be higher praise than this. An 
 English Bouhours ought, at all events, to be most acceptable. He has been most 
 unjustly depreciated by La Harpe (Cours d'Littcrature, vii. 330, Paris, an VII.), 
 whose judgment in this, as in other instances, is biassed by his prejudices. A 
 better judge. Lord Chestei-field, said : — " I do not know of any book that con- 
 tributes more to form a true taste than the Maniere de bien penser dajis les 
 ouvrages d'esprit, and you find there, into the bargain, the most celebrated passages, 
 both of the ancients and the modems, which refresh your memorj- with what you 
 have formerly read in them separately " CLetters, ii. 343, 6th ed.). Bouhours is 
 very fairly characterized in the Biographie Universelle, the writer in which does 
 justice to his merits without concealing his defects : — " C'etaitun ecrivain exact, 
 poll, correct, connaissant a fond la litterature; mais trop ininutieux, ce que la fait 
 comparer, en matiere de langage, a ces directeurs rigides qui troublent les consciences 
 pour vouloir trop les epurer." 
 
 BoulaNger : Rechercbes sur I'Origine du Despotisme Oriental, par M. 
 Boulanger. 12mo. Paris, 1766. Veau fauve. 
 
 L'Antiquite devoilee par ses Usages. 12mo. 3 vols. Amsterdam, 
 
 1777. 
 Boulter's Letters. See Ireland, Works on. 
 BouRDALOUE : Lcs CEuvrcs de M. Bourdaloue. 12mo. 15 vols. Paris, 
 
 1721. This and Massillon uniform. Veau fauve, gilt leaves, fine 
 
 copies. 
 
41 
 
 BouENE : Miscellaneous Poems, consisting of Originals ami Translations, 
 by Vincent Bourne, M.A., &c. 4to. London, 1772. Old 
 calf, gilt. 
 A good many poems have been inserted in this volume of which Bourne was not 
 the author. 
 
 Poeniatia Latinc partiin reddita partim scripta, a Vinccntio 
 
 Bourne ; Avitli a Life of the Author and Notes, by the Rev. 
 J. JNIitford. 12mo. London, 1840. Olive morocco. 
 The poems of Bourne, who was usher of Westminster School, have been highly com- 
 mended. Cowper, who was a good judge, said—" I love the memory of Vinny 
 Bourne. I think him a better Latin poet than Tibullus, I'ropertius, Ausonius, or 
 any of the writers in his way, except Ovid, and not at all inferior to hin\." And 
 though this eulogy be not a little extravagant, it is not to be doubted that some 
 of Bourne's poems are of rare excellence. The writer of his life in Knight's 
 Cyclopaedia of Biography does justice to his merits. "Ills subjects," says he, 
 " are generally occasional, and of little importance ; but the treatment is very 
 delightful, and entirely free from classical and any other common phrases. His 
 Latin is remarkably pure ; the expressions are chosen with exquisite tact; and 
 his versification has a facility and harmony not surpassed by any modern writer 
 of Latin Poetry." Some of Bourne's translations of English Songs and Ballads 
 are admirably executed, and are, in truth, preferable to the originals. 
 We subjoin, as a specimen, the 2nd and 3rd stanzas of his version of Gay's ballad 
 of "Black Eyed Susan." 
 
 " Pendulus in simimi Gulielmus vertlce mali 
 Ilinc agitabatur fluctibus, inde, maris ; 
 Protinus, ut vocem bene notam audivit, ad infra 
 
 Praemisit gemitum, nee piger ipse sequi : 
 Vixque manu tangens f\ines, et pra;pete labens 
 Descensu, alati tulguris instar, adest. 
 " Sic alto in coelo tremu]is se librat ut alis, 
 Si socio; accipiat forsan alauda sonos, 
 Devolat extemplo, clausisque ad pectora pennis, 
 
 In chara; nidum praicipitatur avis. 
 Ba.sia, quae Susanna suo permisit amanti, 
 Navarcha optarit maximus esse sua." 
 
 BouRRiT : A Relation of a Journey to the Glaciers in Savoy ; from the 
 French of M. Bourrit. 12mo. Norwich, 1775. 
 
 BouTERWEK : Histoire de laLitterature Espagnole, traduite de I'Allemand 
 de M. Bouterwek. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1812. 
 
 Bower : The History of the University of Edinburgh, chiefly compiled 
 from Original Papers and Records never before published, by Alexander 
 Bower. Bvo. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1817-1830. Calf, ex. 
 Though ill-written and defective in many important respects, this work contains a 
 good deal of useful information, and is, besides, the only one on the subject.* The 
 first and second volumes are much better than the last, which is little else than 
 a collection of verj- poor biographies. It is destitute alike of criticism and inde- 
 pendence. In 1793 the I\ev. l)r. Baird, a respectable clergyman, but without 
 either learning or reputation, who happened to be the son-in-law of the then 
 Lord Provost, was chosen Principal, vice Kobertson, the historian of Charles V. 
 A proceeding of this sort would have been highly objectionable under any 
 circumstances, and it was doubly so when it occunx'd, seeing that Dr. Blair, wlio 
 had done so much to promote the celebrity of the university, was then on the 
 spot, and in the full enjoyment of his fame. But this sacrifice of the public 
 interests to the most barefaced nepotism elicits no disapprobation from Mr. Bower. 
 Nor does he even venture to make any remark on the election of John Wilson 
 to be the successor of Stewart and Brown in the Chair of Moral Philosophy. 
 
 * Crawford's History of the University only comes down to 1010. 
 
42 
 
 BoYER : The Royal Dictionary, French and English, and English and 
 French, by M. Boyer. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1699. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 Bracciolini (Poggio), See Shei^herd. 
 
 Brady : An Historical Treatise of Cities and Boroughs, showing their 
 Original, and whence and from whom they received their Liberties, &c., 
 by Dr. Brady. 8vo. London, 1777. 
 
 Brand : Observations on Popular Antiquities, by John Brand, M.A. 
 
 New edition, by Henry Ellis, F.R.S. 4to. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1813. 
 Same work. 1st edition. Svo. Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1777. Calf, ex. 
 
 Brande and Cauvin : A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art, 
 by W. T. Brande, F.R.S., and Joseph Cauvin, M.A., Ph.D., &c. 2d 
 edition. Thick Svo. London, 1852. 
 
 Brencmanni (Hen.), Historia Pandectarum, seu Fatum Exemplaris 
 Florentini ; accedit gemina Dissertatio De Amalphi. 4to. Ti-aj. ad 
 Rhenum, 1722. Calf, ex., uncut. 
 
 The gift of my late friend Dr. David Irving, author of the Life of Buchanan. 
 
 The first and principal part of this volume consists, as its title implies, of a learned 
 and elaborate history of the Florentine Pandects ; that is, of the famous MS. of 
 the Pandects, or Digest, acquired by the Florentines from the Pisaus in 1406, and 
 which the latter are said to have carried away from the sack of Amalphi in 1135. 
 The Florentines justly set a very high value on this interesting relict, which they 
 guarded with the most zealous care. Torelli published, in 15G3, what was said 
 to be an exact copy of the Pandects. And the author of this work was permitted 
 at the earnest solicitation of George I. (of England) to collate the MS. He em- 
 ployed ten years in this task, and in the investigation of other matters connected 
 with Justinian's compilations. An account of his researches is given in this 
 work. It forms, however, but a small part of a much greater work, which he 
 contemplated on the same subject, and for which he left ample materials. Brenc- 
 mann supposes that the Florentine MS. belongs to the 6th century; and, if so, it is 
 not very remote from the sera of Justinian. He does justice to the beauty of the 
 edition of the Corpus Juris Civilis, by Simon Leeuwius,but severely censures some 
 of his notes. — " In summa," says he, " neqiie ullo judicio, neque accuratione aliqua 
 notas illris consarcinavit, pulcherrima editione indignas," p. 298. (^See a/so Butler's 
 Horse JuridiciE Subsecivac, p. 67.) 
 
 Gibbon says the Dissertations on Amalphi are " excellent" (Decline and Fall, v. 583). 
 
 Bretagne (Etats de) : Corps d'Observations de la Societe d'Agriculture, 
 de Commerce, &c., etablie par les Etats de Bretagne, Annees 1757, 
 1758, 1759, et 1760. Svo. 2 vols. Rennes, 1760 ; Paris, 1772. 
 
 Brewster's Life of Newton. See Newton. 
 
 Bright : Travels from Vienna through Lower Hungary, &c., by Richard 
 Bright, M.D. 4to. Edinburgh, 1818. 
 
 British Chronologist (The), comprehending every material Occurrence, 
 Ecclesiastical, Civil, or Military, from the Livasion of the Romans. 
 2d edition. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1789. 
 
 Britannia : Monumenta Historica Britannica, or Materials for the History 
 of Britain from the Earliest Period to the End of the Reign of Henry VII. 
 Folio, with numerous Illustrations. London, 1848. 
 
 Broderip : Zoological Recreations, by W. F. Broderip, Esq., F.R.S., &c. 
 A new edition. Svo. London, 1849. 
 
43 
 
 Brosses (Do) : Ilistoirc tics Navifjations aux Terros Australes, oonlcnant 
 
 ce que Ton s(;ait des Manns et dos Productions des Coiitrccs 
 
 di'couvcrtcs ju!^qu'ri cc jour (par INI. Ic I'rcsidcnt Dc Brosses). 
 
 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 17.3G. Old red mor. 
 
 This is a first-rate copy of a very valuable work. It was translated into English by 
 
 ]Mr. John Callendar, and published at Edinburgh in 3 vols. 8vo., in 17f)C-(i8. The 
 
 translator appears to have been desirous, by concealing the foreign origin of the 
 
 work, to pass himself off for its author. 
 
 I)u Cultc des Dieux Fetiches. 12mo. 1760. 
 
 Traite dc la Formation Mecanique des Langues. 12ino. 2 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1765. 
 Bkotier: Paroles INIcmorables recucillies par Gab. Broticr, publics par 
 son Neveu. Post 8vo. Paris, 1790. 
 
 Bkouguam (Henry Lord) : An Inquiry into the Colonial Policy of the 
 European Powers. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1803. 
 
 Political Philosophy. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1846. 
 
 BuouonTON : An Historical Dictionary of all Religions from the Creation 
 of the World to the Present Time, com])iled from the best Autho- 
 rities, by Thomas Broughton, Esq., A.M. Folio. 2 vols, in 1. 
 Loudon, 1745. Calf, ex. 
 
 — ^— (Lord). See Ilobhouse. 
 
 Bko'R'n : The "Works of the learned Sir Thomas Brown, Kt., Doctor of 
 Physick, late of Norwich. Folio. London, 1686. Calf, ex. 
 This edition, which has a print of the author, contains Inquiries into Vulgar and 
 Common Errors, Religio iledici, Ilydi'iataphia or Urn Burial, &c. 
 
 ■ An Estimate of the Manners' and Principles of the Times, by 
 
 John Bro-vm, M.A. 4th edition. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1757. 
 
 Essays on the Characteristics. 8vo. London, 1752. 
 
 Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind, by Thomas 
 
 Brown, M.D., with a Memoir of the Author, by the Rev. David 
 Welsh. 8vo. Double columns. Edinburgh, 1830. 
 
 This book has been much praised, especially for what has been called its depth and 
 originality. We incline, however, to think that it is more indebted for its sup- 
 posed eminence in these respects to its want of perspicuity than to anything else. 
 It is a good illustration of the omne ignotum pro mcujnifiro. The style of the pre- 
 ^^ous Scottish writers on philosophy, including Ilutcheson, Hume, Ferguson, 
 Campbell, Kames, lieid. Smith, and Stewart the immediate precursor of Brown, 
 was in a high degree distinguished by its precision and clearness, so that the 
 meaning it was intended to convey was readily understood by everybody. But the 
 writings of Brown are the reverse of all this. Speaking generally, his defini- 
 tions are obscure, his sentences long and involved, his style affected and deficient 
 in perspicuity. Hence it is often verj- difficult to follow and appreciate his reason- 
 ing ; and this circumstance contributed in no small degree to spread abroad the 
 notion of his being a profound and original thinker. 
 
 But if such a style be objectionable in published discourses, it is ten times worse 
 when they are delivered vivu voce. The reader of a book may stop and reconsider 
 any sentence or paragraph of which he has failed to apprehend the purport ; but 
 in lectures this is impossible. A link lost in their reasoning cannot be recovered, 
 and hence to make them effective or useful, they should be expressed as clearly 
 as possible, and delivered with the greatest distinctness. 
 
 In addition to what they owed to their obscurity, a part of the celebrity of these 
 Lectures was due to the attempts made in them to subvert tlie peculiar doctrines 
 of IJeid and Stewart, which were then in higli favour in Scotland. But, though 
 vigorous, and supposed for a while to have succeeded, it is now generally admitted 
 
44 
 
 Brown — cont. 
 
 that these attempts have entirely failed of their object, at the same time that they 
 have shown that Brown was really ignorant of the nature of the doctrines he 
 was so ready to censure. That this was the case has been fully proved by Sir 
 William Hamilton, the highest authority to whom appeal can be made in such 
 matters. " It turns out," says he, " that Brown in relation to Eeid is curiously 
 wrong from first to last ; not one of Reid's numerous mistakes, historical and 
 philosophical, does he touch, far less redargue ; whereas on every point on which 
 he assails Reid, he himself is historically or philosophically in error." And in 
 another place Sir William says, " But as to Brown's elaborate attack on Keid, 
 this, I have no hesitation in asserting, to be not only unsuccessful in its results, but 
 that in all its details, without a single, even the most insignificant exception, it has 
 the fortune to be regularly and curiously wrong. Reid had errors enough to be ex- 
 posed, but Brown has not been so lucky as to stumble even upon one. He, how- 
 ever, sung his psean as if his victory were complete ; and what is singular, he 
 found a general chorus to his song. Even Sir James Mackintosh talks of 
 Brown's triumphant " exposure of Reid's marvellous mistakes " (Lectures on 
 Metaphysics, Lect. xxi. and xxii.) And Sir William goes on to show that 
 these are not statements hastily thrown out, but that they are in all respects well- 
 founded. 
 
 I attended a course of Brown's lectures which were nearly identical with those that 
 were afterwards published; and whoever looks into the latter may easily imagine 
 of what use such a course would be to a parcel of young men, who were 
 neither permitted to take notes nor examined to ascertain whether they knew 
 anjthing of what they had heard. The proceeding was, in truth, little better than 
 a farce. A few students of superior talent, or having a taste for metaphysical 
 research, might, perhaps, derive some little advantage from their attendance on 
 Brown ; but nine-tenths of his hearers would have profited quite as much by the 
 greater nmnber of the lectures had he delivered them in Greek. 
 
 Dr. Brown was the son of a clergyman of the South of Scotland, and was bom 
 in 1778. He studied medicine, and graduated as M.D. But metaphysics and not 
 physic was his forte. He first assisted, and thereafter (in 1810) succeeded Dugald 
 Stewart as Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. In 
 addition to his prose works he produced the Paradise of Coquettes, the Wanderer 
 in Norway, and other poems. But these, though brilliant and well-versified, made 
 but little impression when they first appeared, and have, for a lengthened period, 
 been totally forgotten. Brown died in 1820. 
 
 Brown : The Physiology of the Mind. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1820, 
 
 Inquiry into the Relation of Cause and Effect. Svo. Loudon, 
 
 1835. 
 A Treatise on Agriculture, by Robert Brown. See Agriculture. 
 
 The Procedure, Extent, and Limits of Human Understanding, by 
 
 Dr. P. Brown, Bishop of Cork. Svo. London, 1728. 
 
 Browne : A History of Roman Classical Literature, by R. W. Browne, 
 M.A,, Ph.D. 8vo. London, 1853. 
 A valuable work, fi-om which I have taken the liberty to make a few extracts. 
 
 Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria, by W, G. Brown. 2d 
 
 edition. 4to. London, 1806. Half calf, Hayday. 
 
 Poems on various Subjects, Latin and English, by Isaac Hawkins 
 
 Browne, Esq. 8vo, Loudon, 1768. 
 
 " Distinguished for his admirable poem De Immortalitate Animi, one of the best spe- 
 cimens of the Latin poetry of the moderns." — (Tytler on Translation, p. 279.) 
 A translation of this poem by Soame Jenyns is included in this volume. 
 
 De Animi Immortalitate, auctore I. H. B. Svo. Londini, 181L 
 
 Mor., ex. 
 
45 
 
 Bruce : Lochlcvon and other Poems, by Michael Bruce, with his Life, 
 
 by the Rev. AV. Mackelvie. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1837. Blue mor., 
 
 H. & B. 
 
 Bnice, ■who had to struggle against poverty and disease, died of consuiujition at the 
 
 early age of 21. Among his poems is included the celebrated ode to the cuckoo ; 
 
 but it was also claimed as his own and published by the l\ev. John Logan. Tlie 
 
 question to whom the ode really belonged was involved in some ditficulty, and 
 
 gave rise to much acrimonious discussion. The researches of Mr. Mackelvie, 
 
 in his Life of Bruce, have, however, finally disposed of the subject ; and there 
 
 no longer appears to be any reasonable ground for doubting that the latter was 
 
 really the author of the ode, and that the claims of Logan were wholly destitute of 
 
 foundation. 
 
 The Ronian Wall, from the Tync to the Solway, by the Rev. J. C. 
 
 Bruce, M.A. 2nd edition. 8vo. London, 1853. 
 The Roman Wall, or Wall of Severus, stretched across the country from near the 
 embouchure of the Tyne on the east to Bowncss on the Solway Frith on the west, 
 a distance of nearly 70 miles. It was intended to form a barrier against the 
 predatory incm-sions of the Piets, Scots, &c., in the north, and was well fitted to 
 serse its pui-pose. It is now much dilapidated, and in many parts wholly 
 obliterated. All, however, that is known of the histoi-y of the work, its present 
 state, and the various matters connected Avith it, has been carefully collected and 
 clearly stited by Mr. Bruce in this work, which is copiously illustrated wiih plans 
 and woodcuts. The rampart, which was worthy of those by whom it was erected, 
 consisted of a wall, supposed to be about 18 feet high, having a broad and deep 
 fosse or ditch close to its foundation on the north side, or that facing the enemy. 
 To the south of the wall, at a varying distance of generally, perhaps, about GO or 
 70 yards, was an earthen mound, then a fosse, and then a smaller mound ; so that 
 in the event of the enemy clearing the first fosse and getting over the wall, they 
 had to get over the interior mound and fosse before their invasion could be said to 
 be effected. At certain distances, of about four miles from each other, fortified 
 stations were provided for the troops amployed in guarding the wall. The latter 
 ran in a pretty sti-aight line fi'om sea to sea, but generally along the top of the 
 highest ridges. In such cases the cutting of the fosses, which are very seldom 
 intermitted, must have been a work of very great labour. 
 In addition to Bruce, the ruins of the Roman wall have been described by Horsley 
 and others. But Bruce's is the latest and most complete work on the subject. 
 He has done credit to himself by doing justice to Horsley. '(5ee Horsley.) 
 
 A Report on the Union between England and Scotland, with an 
 
 Appendix of Papers relating thereto, by John Bruce, Esq. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1799. Uncut. Half Russia. 
 
 Brucker. See Philosophy, History of. 
 
 Bruckner. Sec Population, Works on. 
 
 Brunet. See Bibliography, Works on. 
 
 Bryant : A New System, or an Analysis of Ancient Mythology, by Jacob 
 Bryant. 4to. 3 vols. London, 1773. 
 
 N.B. Marlborough Gem included. Russia gilt. 
 
 Observations and Inquiries relating to various Parts of Ancient 
 
 History. 4to. Cambridge, 1767. Russia, ex. 
 There is added to this volume a tract in " Vindication of the Apamean Medal," 
 London, 1775. 
 
 _ . Tracts on Troy by, viz. : — 
 
 1. Dissertation on the War of Troy and the Expedition of the Greeks^ 
 
 as described by Homer, showing that no such Expedition was 
 ever undertaken, &c. (Eton, 179.3 ?). 
 2. Observations on M. Chevalier's Description of the Plain of Troy 
 Eton, 1795. 
 
 I 4to. 1 vol. 
 [ calf, ex. 
 
46 
 
 Bryant : Tracts on Troy by — cont. 
 
 3. Some Observations on Mr. Morritt's Vindication of Homer, &c. 
 
 Eton, 1799. 
 
 4. An Expostulation (or Vindication of his Theories in regard to 
 
 Troy), addressed to the British Critic. Eton, 1799. 
 These tracts are all veiy learned, paradoxical, and curious. They are now, for the 
 most part, very scarce. — See Troy, Tracts on. 
 
 ■ .- Miscellaneous Tracts by, viz.: — 
 
 1. A farther Illustration of the Analysis, 1778. T „ . . 
 
 2. Vindication of the Testimony of Josephus concerning Christ, I "^^* ^ ^^^' 
 
 1780. r calf, ex. 
 
 3. An Address to Dr. Priestley on Philosophical Necessity, 1780. J 
 
 Bryant was a believer in the authenticity of the poems ascribed to Eowley, but really 
 written by Chatterton ; and he published in defence of his opinion UbservatioLS 
 on the Poems of Thomas Rowley, in which their authenticity is ascertained. In 
 two parts. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1781. 
 
 Brydoxe : A Tour through Sicily and Malta, in a Series of Letters from 
 P. Brydone, F.R.S. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1790. Calf, ex. 
 
 Buccaneers. See Oexmelin. 
 
 BucHAN (Earl of): Lives of Fletcher of Saltoun and Thomson the Poet 
 8vo. London, 1792. 
 
 Buchanan : Georgii Buchanaui Opera omnia, Historica et Poetica, curante 
 Rudimanno, cum Prefatione P. Burmanni. 4to. 2 vols. Lug. 
 Batavorum, 1725. Russia, ex., uncut. i^See, also. Classics and 
 Translations.) 
 The famous historian De Thou says of Buchanan — " II fut un homme incom- 
 parable, soit que Ton considere la beaute de son genie, ou que Ton regarde le 
 talent qu'il avoit de bien ccrire, ainsi que le temoignent ses ceuvres, qui pas- 
 seront jusqu'a la posttrite la plus eloignoe par I'aveu mc'me des ses envieux. 
 . . . Etant deja vieux, il commen^a I'histoire de son paj-s, et bien que 
 suivant la genie de ceux de sa nation, il s'eniporte quelquefois centre les tetes 
 couronnees. Get ouvrage est ccrit avec tant d'esprit, de purete, et de discerne- 
 ment, qu'il semble que c'est la production, non pas d'un homme qui a passe 
 ses jom-s dans la poussiere de I'ecole, mais d'un ministre qui a manie toute sa 
 ■vie les plus diflBciles et les plus importantes affaires d'un etat ; tant il est vrai 
 que la bassesse de sa condition et de sa fortune ne fut pas capable d'empecher 
 que son grand esprit ne pent'trat les choses les plus caches, et ne les ecrivit 
 avec prudence et avec jugement." — (Teissier, Eloges tirez de M. De Thou, avec 
 des Additions, iii. 247, ed. de 1715.) 
 Buchanan is universally admitted by the learned world to be, if not the first, 
 one of the veiy first, modern Latin poets. An excellent judge of Latin verse, 
 J oseph Scaliger, places him at the head of all the poets that have appeared since 
 the age of Augustus. 
 
 " Namque ad supremum perdiicta Poetica culmen 
 In te Stat, nee quo progrediatur habet. 
 Imperii fuerit Romani Scotia limes, 
 Komani eloquii Scotia finis erit." 
 
 See Provand. 
 
 Buchanan's Inquiry into Taxation, &c. See Taxation, Works on. 
 
 BuFFiER : GEuvres Philosophiques du Pere Buffier. Post 8vo. Paris, 1846. 
 
 ■ First Truths, and the Origin of our Opinions explained, -with an 
 
 Inquiry into the Sentiments of Modern Philosophers relative 
 
 to our Primary Ideas of Things, &c. From the French of 
 
 Buffier. 8vo. Loudon, 1780. 
 
 The author of this work is said to be the only Jesuit distinguished in the history of 
 
 abstract philosophy. It is written with great clearness ; and is especially remark- 
 
47 
 
 BDFFIER C07li. 
 
 able for anticipating some of the peculiar doctrines held hy Dr. Reid and other 
 founders of the common sense school. IJut though the coincidence of opinion 
 be in some instances very striking, there does not seem to be any good foundation 
 for the charge of plagiarism so acrimoniously urged against these gentlemen in 
 the preface to the translation. 
 
 BuFFOX : HistolreNatufclle, Gcncralc, ct Particuliurc, par M. le Comtc do 
 Button, viz. : — 
 
 Tlieorie de la Torre, de rHonime, ct 1 ^ , 
 
 T»T^-- /-i''i i^ jt> vols. 
 
 Matieres (jrcnerales - 4to. - J 
 
 Quadnipedos 8 „ 
 
 Oiseaux - - - - - -9„ 
 
 INIineraux - - - - - - 5 „ 
 
 Ovipares ct Serpents (par Lacepede) - 2 „ 
 
 Poissons - -( — )-5„ 
 
 Cetacees - -( — )-l„ 
 
 Making in all 36 „ Paris, 1774, &c. 
 
 In French calf, gilt leaves, fine copy. 
 I The Natural History, including the general Portion" 
 
 and Quadrupeds, from the French of ButFon, 
 by William Smellie. 8vo. 2d edition. 9 vols. 1785. 1 Calf, gilt, 
 
 The Natural History of Birds, from the French f uniform. 
 
 of ButFon (by Sir John Leslie). 8vo. 9 vols 
 London, 1793. 
 
 M. De Barante alludes as follows to the ■works and the style of Buffon : — " Le 
 caractcre et les habitudes des animaux, I'aspect et la physionomie dcs controes 
 furent retraces par son pinceau avec une inconcevable niagie. L'impression 
 souvent vague que nous recevons de la premiere vue des objets est par lui repro- 
 duite avec une precision et une simplicito qui ctonnent a eha(|ue instant. En 
 lisant ButFon, on sent de nouveau ce qu'on avait eprouve sans bien le dc finir ; on 
 retrouve le sentiment qu'avait fait naitre en nous I'aspect du eheval parcourant 
 ficrement la prairie, ou de I'ane portant son fardeau avec patience. La peinture 
 des frimas eternels revient glacer tons nous sens ; et quand il nous reprcsente les 
 marais fangeux de rAmeri(iue meridionale, une impression profonde de degout et 
 d'horreur nous saisit entierement. Jamais peintre ne montra plus d'imagination 
 que Butfon. Son langage, ou quelques personnes ne veulent voir que les ti'aees de 
 la patience et de I'art, est, en meme temps, la representation fidele des sensations 
 les plus vives. Souvent il a une telle verite, que le lecteur se sent emu juscju'au 
 fond du cceur, corame si I'auteur avait voulu peindre les effets des passions. On 
 agit sur I'ame, des qu'on parvient a representer, avec justesse et profondeur, le 
 m'oindre de ses mouvements. 
 
 " Le style de Buffon n'est pas moins parfait lorsqu'il remonte aux causes generales, et 
 qu'il expose ses brillantes hypotheses ; il est alors d'une clarte et d'une simi)licit6 
 persuasives ; il participe a la grandeur du sujet ; les preuves et I'observation des 
 faits sont fondues avec la thc'orie d'une maniere insensible. Hii.n ne sent la peine 
 dans ses discom-s ; ils ont quelque chose de grave et d'eleve a la fois; ils sont 
 dignes sans etre arabitieux. I>'auteur semble d'un vaste regard erabrasser la 
 nature, sans etre trouble d'un tel spectacle, bien qu'il en apprc'cie la grandeiu- ; en 
 im mot, aucun I'crivain du dix-huitieme siecle ne parla un plus beau langage que 
 Buffon, ou, pour niieux dire, n'eut de plus grandes penst'es. II se rapproche plus 
 que tout autre des auteurs du siecle precedent, qui disposaient si hardiment de la 
 langue, de maniere ii lui imprimer le caractere de leur ame et de leurs pen.sees." — 
 (Litt. Fran(;aise, 26L) 
 
 Bui.EXGKRUS De Conviviis, de Picturaet Statuaria, et de Ludis Privatia 
 ac Domesticis Veterum. 8vo. Lugduni, 1627. Vellum. 
 
48 
 
 BuLWER : Athens, its Rise and Fall, with Views of the Literature, Phi- 
 losophy, and Social Life of the Athenian People, by Sir E. B. 
 Lytton, Bart, M.P., &c. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1837. 
 
 The Last Days of Pompeii, by Sir E. B. Lytton, Bart., M.P., &c. 
 
 PostSvo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1861. 
 Two of the best of the many excellent works of the most distinguished writer of his 
 day. 
 BuNSEN, De Jure Hereditario Atheniensium. 4to. Gottingen, 1813. 
 
 BuNTAN : The Pilgrim's Progress from this World to that which Is to 
 Come, by John Bunyan. 8vo. London, 1849. Blue mor., ex. 
 
 BuRCHELL : Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa, by W. J. Burchell. 
 4to. 2 vols. London, 1822-24, Calf, ex. 
 
 Burckhardt: Travels in Arabia, comprehending an Account of those Ter- 
 ritories in Hedjaz which the Mahommedans regard as Sacred, by John 
 Lewis Burckhardt. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1829. Calf, ex, 
 
 BuRDER : Oriental Literature applied to the Illustration of the Sacred 
 Scriptures, by the Rev. Samuel Burder, A.M, 8vo, 2 vols. London, 
 1822. Calf, ex. 
 
 Burgess : The Topography and Antiquities of Rome, by the Rev. Richard 
 Burgess. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1831. Calf, ex. 
 
 Burgh : Political Disquisitions, or an Enquiry into Public Errors, Defects, 
 and Abuses ; illustrated by Facts and Remarks extracted from a Variety 
 of Authors, Ancient and Modern, by James Burgh, 3 vols, 8vo, Lon- 
 don, 1774, 
 
 Burghs, Scotch, Tracts on : — 
 
 1. Letter on the Reform of the Internal Government of the Royar 
 
 Burghs of Scotland, by Robert Graham, Esq., 1788. 
 
 2. Observations by the Delegates for conducting the Application for 
 
 a Reform of the Internal Government of the Royal Burghs of 
 Scotland, and Appendix. 
 
 3. Documents connected with the Question of Reform in the Royal 
 
 Burghs of Scotland. 2d edition, 1819. 
 
 4. Notes as to the Rights of the Burgesses of Scotland, 1819. 
 
 5. Proceedings of the Guildry of Edinburgh on 16th December 1817. 
 
 1818. 
 
 6. A Bill for correcting the Abuses, &c. in the Internal Government 
 
 of the Royal Burghs of Scotland. Proposed to have been sub- 
 mitted to Parliament in 1789. 
 
 7. A Bill for the better regulating the Common Good and Revenues 
 
 of the Royal Burghs of Scotland, April 1818. 
 
 8. Report of the Standing Committee of the Guildry of Edinburgh 
 
 on this Bill, April 1818. 
 
 9. Report on the Statements of the Lord Provost, &c. respecting the 
 
 Affairs of the City of Edinburgh, by James Greig, 1819. 
 
 10. Report of the Standing Committee of the Guildry of Edinburgh, 
 
 1819. 
 
 11. Speech of Lord A. Hamilton, on Burgh Reform, in the House of 
 
 Commons, 1819. 
 12 Substance of Speech of Lord A. Hamilton in the House of Com- 
 mons, on 20th February 1822, on the Subject of the Royal 
 Bui^hs of Scotland, 1822. 
 
 Burigny : Vie d'Erasme, par M. De Burigny. 2 vols. 12mo, Paris, 1757. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 Very scarce 
 and curious. 
 
49 
 
 BcRiGNV : The same Work in Englisli. 8vo. London, 17.34. Old calf, iriU. 
 Gibbon refers to this work as follows : "It is a work of great reading. As M. De 
 Burigny proposed connecting with his history a general account of the sciences 
 and religion during his time, he lias very deeply considered his subject. Ills style 
 and reflections are suited to a man of sense and modesty, who neither pretends to 
 nor possesses the least share of genius. Upon the whole, the book is a perfect con- 
 trast to most fashionable French ones, since it is useful without being brilliant." 
 
 (Misc. Works, v. 25G. See, also, llallam, i. 392.) 
 
 Vie de Grotius. 12nio. Paris, 17o4. Sec Grotius. 
 
 Vie de Bossuet. 12mo. Paris, 17G1. 
 
 Theolo<;ie Payenne ; ou Sentimens des Philosophcs et dca 
 
 IV'upIes Payens les plus celebrcs, sur Dicu, sur I'Aine, et sur 
 les Devoirs de rilomnie. 12nio. 2 vols. Pari.-^, 1764. Veau 
 fauve, gilt. 
 It is plain that a work of this sort must, if well executed, be of no ordinary interest. 
 And it is admitted by the best judges that this work has been compiled in good 
 faith, with much care and attention. // est bien fait effort utile {liiog. Univ.) 
 All the most important passages of the classical authors bearing on the subjects 
 referred to in the title page are collected, arranged under their proper heads, 
 and inserted with translations. Hence the reader sees at a glance what were 
 really the opinions of the most intelligent persons of antiquity on the leading 
 questions of theology and morality, and may judge of their correctness. 
 The ].,ife of Bossuet by Burigny is but a poor performance ; and is alike un- 
 worthy of the subject and of the author. The Life of Grotius is much more 
 valuable, though inferior to the Life of Erasmus. 
 
 Revolutions de Constantinople. 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1751. 
 
 Burke : Works and Correspondence of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke. 
 8vo. 8 vols. London, 1852, 
 
 Life of, by James Prior. 3d^ edition. 8vo. London, 1839. 
 
 A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the 
 
 Sublime and Beautiful ; Avith an Introductory Discourse con- 
 cerning Taste, and other Additions. 8vo. London, 1767. 
 • An Account of the European Settlements in America (by William 
 
 Burke ?) 6th edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1777. 
 
 A Genealogical, &c. Dictionary. See Peerages. 
 
 BuRLAMAQUi (J. J.) : Priucipcs du Droit Naturel. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 Geneva, 1748. 
 
 Principes du Droit Politique. 12mo. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1751. 
 
 Principes du Droit de la Nature et des Gens, augmente par le 
 
 Professeur De P'elice, et revu et corricre par M. Dupin. 8vo. 
 - 5 vols. Paris, 1820. Calf, gilt, H. & B. 
 BuRX : Statistics of the Cotton Trade, by Richard Burn. 8vo. London 
 
 1847. 
 Buries : Travels into Bokhara, &c. &c., by Lieut. Alexander Burnes, 
 F.R.S. 3 vols. 8vo. London, 1834. Calf, ex. Arrowsmith's large 
 map inserted. 
 
 Burnet : The Sacred Theory of the Earth, by Thomas Burnet, D.D. 7th 
 edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1759. Calf, ex. 
 
 — • De Fide et Officiis Christiauorum liber posthumus, Thoma 
 
 Burnetio. 1 vol, 8vo. Londini, 1727. 
 
 " ■ Doctrina Antiqua de Rerum Originibus ; or an Inquiry into the 
 
 Doctrine of the Pliilo.sophers of all Nations concerning the 
 Original of the World, from the Latin of Thomas Burnet, D.D., 
 by Messrs. Mead and Foxton. 8vo. London, 1 73(). 
 
 D 
 
50 
 
 Burnet : Archaeologite Philosopliicae, sive Doctrina Autiqua tie Reruin 
 Originibus. Edit. 2da. 8vo. Londini, 1728. 
 This is a learned and extremely well written book, though, perhaps, of rather 
 questionable orthodoxy. At p. 380 is the famous dialogue between Eve and the 
 Serpent, which excluded Burnet from the Iving's closet, and deprived him of all 
 hope of being made a bishop. Why it should have done so is not very obvious. It 
 is natm-al and clever, and nothing more. 
 
 History of his own Times, by Gilbert Burnet, D.D., Bishop of Old 
 
 Sarum. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1753. 
 
 . Travels through Switzerland, Italy, some parts of Germany, 8fC., 
 
 in 1685 and 1686. 8vo. London, 1724. 
 
 An Exposition of the XXXIX. Articles of the Church of 
 
 England, by G. Burnet, D.D., Bishop of Sarum. 4th edition. 
 
 Folio. London, 1737. Old calf, gilt. 
 BuRNEY : A Chronological History of the Eastern Voyages of Discovery, 
 and of the early Eastern Navigations of the Eussians, by Capt. Burney, 
 F.A.S. 8vo. London, 1819. 
 
 Burns : Poems, chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, by Robert Burns. 8vo. 
 Edinburgh, 1787. (The first Edinburgh edition, with others 
 added.) 
 
 The Works of Robert Burns, with Life, Notes, &c., by Allan 
 
 Cunningham. Royal 8vo. London, 1840. Half Russia. 
 
 The Wo^-ks of, with Life by Dr. Currie. 8vo. "l ^^. ^^ 
 
 4 vols. Liverpool, 1800. )* i if 
 
 Reliques of, by Cromek. Svo. London, 1808. J ^a" '^^orocco. 
 
 ■ INtisccllanies, containing Poems by Burns, v.dth his Life, and 
 
 Criticisms on his Poetry by Scott, Jeffrey, &c. 
 An interesting volume. 
 
 The Life and Works of Robert Burns, by Robert Chambers. Svo. 
 
 4 vols. Edinburgh, 1856. 
 Works of, by the Rev. Hamilton Paul. 12mo. Ayr, 1819. Mor. 
 
 Works of, Pickering's edition. 12mo. 3 vols, London, 1839. 
 
 Mor., Hayday. 
 Life of, by Lockhart. Svo. Edinburgh, 1828. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 It would be presumptuous in me to say anything in commendation of this original 
 and truly great poet. He is among the bards of Scotland what Shakespeare is 
 among the dramatists of England, unrivalled and alone. The account of his 
 life by Lockhai't is decidedly the best hitherto published. Neither it nor that 
 of Chambers has any portion of the bombast and raving that form the staple of 
 some of the later lives of the poet, and of the so-called criticisms on his works. 
 
 Burt : Letters from a Gentleman ( Burt, Esq.) in the North of 
 Scotland to his Friend in London, containing an Account of the High- 
 lands, &c., with an Introduction and Notes by R. Jamieson, F.A.S. 
 5th edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1822, 
 
 Burton : The Anatomy of Melancholy by Democritus Junior (Robert 
 Burton). 9th edition. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1800. Russia, ex. 
 This work, which has been extravagantly praised by Johnson, consists principally 
 of an astonishing variety of quotations, most of them appropriate to the illustra- 
 tion of the different kinds of melancholy treated of in it. Brief portions of 
 it may be read with considerable pleasure, but the continued perusal of the entire 
 work would be an exceedingly irksome task. 
 
 Description of the Antiquities and other Curiosities of Rome, by 
 
 the Rev. Edward Burton, M. A. Svo. Oxford, 1821. Calf, ex. 
 
51 
 
 Burton : The same Work, 2il edition, with Additions. Post, 8vo. 2 vols. 
 London, 1828. Mor., ex. 
 
 The History of Scothuid, from the Revolution to 1748, hy J. 11. 
 
 Burton, Esq. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1853. 
 
 Life of Hume, by. See Hume. 
 
 Bdsbequius: a. Gislenii Busbequii opera omnia qu;c extant. IGmo. 
 Amstelodami, 1660. 
 "Busbequius is my old and familiar acquaintance ; a frequent companion in my 
 post-chaise. Ilis Latinity is eloquent, his manner is lively, his remarks are 
 judicious." — (Gibbon, I^Iisc. "Works, v. 580.) 
 
 The same Work in English. 12mo. London, 1744. 
 
 Butler : Sermons by Bishop Butler. Svo. Oxford, 1826. 
 
 Works, Avith a Notice of the Author, by Dr. Halifax, Bishop of 
 
 Gloucester. 2 vols. Svo. Oxford, 1844. Calf, ex. 
 
 Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed. Svo. London, 1785. 
 
 " The most original and profound work extant in any language on the Philosophy 
 
 of Religion. " — (Mackintosh.) 
 
 Iludibras, in Three Parts, by Samuel Butler ; corrected and 
 
 amended, with large Annotations, and a Preface, by Zachary 
 Gray, LL.D. 2d edition. 2 vols. Svo. London, 1764. Tali, 
 fine copy in ex. calf, gilt. 
 
 The Genuine Remains, in Verse and Prose, of the Author of 
 
 Hudibras, by R. Thyer. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1759. Old 
 calf, gilt. 
 
 Reminiscences of Charles Butler, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn. Svo. 
 
 2 vols, in one. London, 1822. 
 
 Philological and Biographical Works of. Svo. 5 vols. London, 
 
 1817. 
 
 Historical Memoirs of English, L-ish, and Scottish Catholics since 
 
 the Reformation. 3d ed. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1822. This 
 work and the other vols, of Butler, uncut, half Russia. 
 
 These are the works of a scholar and a gentleman. Being a lawyer, in extensive 
 practice as a conveyancer, and a Catholic, it might have been sunnised that his 
 works would be principally of a legal description, and evincing the prejudices 
 peculiar to his religious profession. Such, however, is not the case. They are 
 mostly either historical or biographical ; and notwithstanding the author brings 
 his creed rather too prominently forward, his writings are free from any taint of 
 intolerance. If not very profound, his disquisitions have the merit of being concise, 
 clear, and rational ; and his sketches of character, though generally, perhaps, 
 toO' favourable, are spirited and interesting. In his Reminiscences he notices 
 (i. 181.) the iamous reply of Lord Thurlow to the attack made upon him by 
 the Duke of Grafton. In it, as in all his public appearances, the learned Lord 
 afifected to be influenced by a high sense of honour and integrity. Butler, how- 
 ever, must have known, though he hints nothing of the kind, that, despite his pro- 
 fessions, there was no more equivocal personage than Thurlow either in the Upper 
 or Lower House of Parliament. 
 
 Besides the works referred to above, and others of a religious and controversial 
 character, Butler published the following tract : —An Essay on the Legality of 
 Impressing Seamen. Svo. London, 1777. 
 
 Butler excluded this tract, which is now very scarce, from the collected edition of 
 his works, because he says the principal arguments and authorities which it con- 
 tains were taken from the speech of Sir ilichael Foster in the case of a person 
 ■who had murdered a sailor belonging to a gang that had attempted to impress him. 
 He added some additional arguments, but these were few, and tlie subject having 
 ceased to be a topic of di.scussion, he did not think it worth while to give it a 
 place in the collection of his Avorks. — (Reminiscences, i. G7.) 
 
 IJ 2 
 
52 
 
 Byeon : The Works of Lord Byron, complete in 1 vol. 8vo. London, 
 
 1837. 
 Works. Svo. 6 vols. London, 1855, &c. 
 
 The discriminating and admirable sketch of Byron's character which follows was 
 written hy Lord Broughton (Sir John Hobhouse), the ablest, the most learned and 
 judicious, and also one of the most attached of his friends. 
 
 " Lord BjTon had failings— many faihngs certainly, but he was untainted with 
 any of the baser vices ; and his virtues, his good qualities were all of the higher 
 order. He was honourable and open in all his dealings, he was generous and he 
 was kind. He was affected by the distress, and rarer still, he was pleased with 
 the prosperity of others. Tender-hearted he was to a degree not usual with our 
 sex, and he shrunk, with feminine sensibility, from the sight of cruelty. He was 
 true-spoken, he was affectionate, he was very brave, if that be any praise ; but 
 his courage was not the result of physical coolness or indifference to danger ; on 
 the contrary, he entertained apprehensions and adopted precautions, of which he 
 made no secret, and was by no means ashamed. His calmness and presence of 
 mind in the hour of peril were the offspring of reflection and of a fixed resolution 
 to act becomingly and well. He was alive to every indication of good feeling in 
 others, a generous or noble sentiment, a trait of tenderness or devotion, not only 
 in real, but in imaginary characters, affected him deeply, even to tears. He was, 
 both by his habits and his nature, incapable of any mean compliance, any- 
 undue submission towards those who command reverence and exact flattery from 
 men of the highest genius ; and it will be the eternal praise of his writings, as it 
 was one of the merits of his conversation, that he threw no lustre on any exploit, 
 however brilliant, any character, however exalted, which had not contributed to 
 the happiness or welfare of mankind. 
 
 " Lord Byron was totally free from envy and from jealousy ; and both in public and 
 in private spoke of the literary merits of his contemporaries in terms which did 
 justice to them and honour to himself* He was well aware of his own great repu- 
 tation ; but he was neither vain-glorious nor overbearing, nor attached to his pro- 
 ductions even that value which was universally granted to them, and which they 
 will, probably, for ever maintain. 
 
 ** Of his lesser qualities very little need be said, because his most inveterate deti-ac- 
 tors have done justice to his powers of pleasing, and to the irresistible charms of 
 his general deportment. There was, indeed, something about him, not to be 
 definitely described, but almost universally felt, which captivated those around him, 
 and impressed them, in spite of occasional distrusts, with an attachment not only 
 friendly but fixed. Part of this fascination may, doubtless, be ascribed to the entire 
 self-abandonment, the incautious, it may be said the dangerous, sincerity of his 
 private conversation ; but his very weaknesses were amiable ; and, as has been said 
 of a portion of his virtues, were of a feminine character. So that the affection felt 
 for him was as that for a favourite and sometimes froward sister. 
 
 " In mixed society Lord BjTon was not talkative, neither did he attempt to surprise 
 by pointed or by humorous remarks ; but in all companies he held his own, and that 
 too without unbecoming rivalry with his seniors in age and reputation, and with- 
 out any offensive condescension towards his inferior associates. In more familiar 
 intercourse he was a gay companion and a free, but he never transgressed the 
 bounds of good breeding, even for a moment. Indeed, he was, in the best sense 
 of the word, a gentleman."— (Travels in Albania, i. 542, ed. 1855.) 
 
 A Voyage round the World, in His Majesty's Ship the Dolphin, 
 
 commanded by Commodore Byron, by an Officer on board the 
 
 said Ship. Svo. London, 1767. 
 . The Narrative of Commodore Byron, in his Voyage round the 
 
 World, from 1740 till 1746, written by himself. 8vo. London, 
 
 1768. 
 
 • " An pxception must, ofcour.se, be made as regards Southey, who assailed him personally with 
 unsparing bitterness, and whose merit he would never acknowledjie." 
 
53 
 
 Cabot, Skbastian : A Memoir of, with a Review of the History of Mtiri- 
 
 time Discovery. 8vo. London, 1831. 
 Caird, James. See Agriculture, Works on. 
 Callet : Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, par Francois Callet. Royal 
 
 8vo. Paris, 1846. Red mor., extra. 
 Calliaciius : Nic. Calliachi de Ludis Scenicis Mimorum, ct Pantomimorum 
 
 Syntagma, ex recens. Madesi. 8vo.. Patavii, 1713. 
 Calmet : Dictionnaire Historique, Chronologique, &c., de la Bible, par 
 Dom. Augustin Calmet. Nouvelle edition. Folio. 4 vols. 
 Paris, 1730. 
 A very learned and useful work. It has formed the foundation of the greater 
 number of the Biblical Dictionaries that have since been published. 
 
 Dissertations qui peuvent servir de Prolegomenes de I'Ecriture 
 
 Sainte. 4to. 3 vols. Paris, 1720. 
 
 Traite Historique des Eaux et Bains de Plombieres, &c., par 
 
 Dom. Calmet. 8vo. Nancy, 1748. Old mor., gilt leaves. 
 This, which is a curiosity amongst books of its class, is not wholly the work of the 
 distinguished individual named on the title page. The technical description of the 
 waters, baths, &c. was supplied by a person familiar with such subjects ; but, 
 Calmet, besides putting these details into proper shape, added the history, erudition', 
 &c., which form so interesting a portion of the work, and is thence justly said to 
 be its author. It is now become exti-emely scarce. 
 
 Calvert : The Gold Rocks of Great Britain and Ireland, and a General 
 Outline of the Gold Regions of the World, by John Calvert. 8vo. 
 London, 1853. 
 
 Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion, by Jolin Calvin, translated 
 from the original Latin, and collated with the Author's last edition in 
 French, by John Allen. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1813. Calf, ex. 
 The Author of this work, which embodies the ftmdamental theology of a large portion 
 of the Christian world, lays it down that "by an eternal and'iinnmtab'le council 
 God hath once for all determined both whom he would admit to salvation, and 
 whom he would condemn to destruction " (II. p. 410). This is a tremendous doc- 
 trine ; and it is quite nugatory for those by whom it is maintained to attempt to 
 reconcile it with the omniscience, the almighty power, and the infinite goodness of 
 the Deity. Hence its supporters, when reasoned with, have nothing for it but to 
 fall hack upon the resource of mystery, that is, they contend that though cer- 
 tainly true, its demonstration, consistently with the attributes now referred to, is 
 beyond the capacity of the human intellect to comprehend. And this, no doubt, 
 is the case, it not being given to that, if to any, intellect, to reconcile palpable 
 contradictions. 
 In a letter written in 1748, Bi.shop Warburton has remarked on this subject as fol- 
 lows, viz., " God made man free, but he had the foreknowledge of his actions, lie 
 saw then the evil that the abuse of freedom would produce ; but what he saw and 
 would not prevent, and which he might have prevented without injury to man's free- 
 dom (according to our notions of things) must be imputed to him.* That he might 
 have prevented it without this injury appears from hence, as it is not of the essence 
 of a flee agent to abuse his freedom, and as God foresaw which of his creatures 
 would, and which would not abuse it, had he only brought those into being who 
 would not have abused it, evil had been prevented, and prevented without trenching 
 upon free will. And as we see no reason for his not doing this ; his not doing 
 
 * The italics are in the original. 
 
54 
 
 Calvin — cont. 
 
 it -will be a mystery ; and which, as it reflects upon his goodness, will be a 
 difficulty beyond the "reach of human wit to solve. This is the difficulty I had 
 long ago formed to myself in reflecting upon this matter ; and I have occasion- 
 ally communicated it to the most able and thinking men I have met with, and 
 such as were most desirous of removing all difiiculties of this kind ; and their 
 solutions have been such as have convinced me that it is a thing above human 
 comprehension. The system of the best is a good poetical solution of the matter, 
 and nothing more." — (rhillimore's Memoirs of Lord Lyttelton, i. 303.) This 
 is clear and convincing ; but see further Tomline's liefutation of Calvinism, 
 passim. 
 Ancillon has given in his Tableau des lievolutions the following sketch of the 
 character of Calvin. Though rather too favourable, it is, on the whole, fair and dis- 
 criminating : — 
 " Cet homme celebre (Calvin), ne a Noyon, en Picardie, en 1509, avait adopte les 
 bases fondamentales de la doctrine du reformateur Allemand ; mais son genie ne 
 lui permettant pas d'etre partisan servile de la doctrine d'un autre, il avait modifie 
 celle de Luther. 8e rapprochant de Zwingle dans la maniore d'envisager la Cene, 
 il outrait les principes de Luther sur la predestination, et aneantissait presqu'en- 
 tierement la liberte morale et le mc'rite de I'homme. Severe jusqu'a la durete 
 pour lui-meme et pour les autres, dosinteresse parcequ'il ne connaissait d'autre 
 besoin que celui du pouvoir, ni d'autre plaisir que le travail, son caractere etait 
 despotique, son humem- austere, son esprit penetrant, ses connaissances vastes, son 
 activite infatigable. Ennemi de toute autorite et jaloux de la sienne, plus ami de 
 I'ordre et de la regie que de la liberte, il t'tait moins emporte et moins fougueux 
 que Luther, plus ambitieux que Zwingle, plus impcrieux que Melancthon. 
 Protege par la reine Marguerite de Navarre, qui inclinait secretement aux idees 
 nouvelles, il avait repandu ses principes en France avec sueces. Mais le zele de 
 rran5ois I. s'allumant contre les novateurs, Calvin s'etait sauve en Suisse, et ce fut 
 a Bale qu'il publia son ' Institution chretienne,' qu'il dedia au roi de France. 
 Guillaume Farel I'avait engage a, se fixer a Geneve pour y achever la rcforme 
 deja commencee. Calvin etait non-seulement un theologien profond, mais encore 
 un habile legislateur ; la part qu'il eut aux lois civiles et religieuses qui, pendant 
 plusieurs siecles, ont fait le bonheur de la republique de Geneve, est peut-etre un 
 plus beau titre a la gloire que ses ouvrages theologiques ; et cette republique, 
 celebre malgre sa petitesse, qui sut allier les moeurs aux lumieres, la richesse a la 
 simplicite, la simplicito au gout, la liberte a, I'ordre, et qui a ete longtemps un 
 foyer de talents et de vertus, a prouve que Calvin connaissait les hommes, et 
 savait les gouverner. Son esprit dominateur, et impatient de toute espece de 
 contradiction, le rendit, comme la plupart de reformateurs, infidele a ses propres 
 principes. II rcclamait pour lui-meme I'independance des opinions, et voulait 
 asservir celles des autres aux siennes. On le vit faire condamner et bruler Ser\-et, 
 lui qiu s'etait eleve avec taut de force contre les persecutions que Francois I. faisait 
 essuyer a ses disciples. 11 avait tellement lie la religion dominante avec I'ordre 
 politique, que la liberte des cultes ne put jamais devenir une loi de la republique. 
 Ces mesm-es n'etaient pas uniquement chez lui I'effet d'un caractere intolerant, 
 mais elles lui etaient dictees par la situation de Geneve, qui, ayant secoue le joug 
 des dues de Savoie, devait, entre autres barrieres leur opposer celle de la diffe- 
 rence des cultes, et qui, en proscrivant de son enceinte la religion catholique, 
 assurait son independance. Si la tolerance n'a pas existe dans les lois de Geneve, 
 elle a toujours existe dans le coeur de ses habitants." — (ii. 71.) 
 
 Cambra-Y : Histoire de la Ligue fait a Cambray contre la Eepublique de 
 
 Veuise (par M. I'Abbe Du Bos). 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1728. 
 
 Camden — Gough : Britannia, or a Corographical Description of England, 
 
 Scotland, and Ireland, and the Islands adjacent, from the Latin of 
 
 William Camden, by Richard Gough, F.A.S., &c. Folio. 3 vols. London, 
 
 1789. Eussia, very fine. 
 
 This famous work, which, to use the words of Bishop Nicolson, is " the common sun 
 
 whereat oiu- modem writers have all lighted their little torches," (Historical 
 
 Libraries, p. 3, ed. 1776,j was first published in 1586 in 4to. It was written in 
 
 Latin, and was entitled Britannia, site Jlorcntissimorum Bec/norum Anglice, Scotice, 
 
Cam HEX — Got'Gii — cant. 
 
 Hihernicp, et Insulannn adjitceiitiiim, ex iiittma aniiqiiilate chorof/rapliica Dexcri'ptio, 
 No fewer than fdnr succoediiiir editions were printed by the author, to all of wiiieh 
 he made considerable additions. The last was published in folio in l(io7. Its 
 reputation was as great on the Continent as in England. Thiianus refers to it as 
 follows : — " Ad titam Britannktm veiiio, opus onini meu prcdicatione majns, in quo 
 fidem, dilnjentiam, judicium et caiidoreni siinul licet admirari, quatitum in nulla 
 alio qui simile opus af/gressu^i est." — (Epist. ad Camden.) 
 It was first translated into English and published by riiilemon Holland in 1610. It 
 was again translated and greatly improved and enlarged by Bishop Gibson. 
 His edition has, however, been entirely superseded by that of Cough. The latter 
 indeed was probably as good as it could be rendered at the time when it appeared; 
 and it may be doubted, considering the extraordinary growth of manufactures 
 and commerce, and the other changes that have taken place since 1789, whether 
 another edition would be desirable. We incline to think that the historical and 
 antiquarian portions of the work can no longer be advantageously combined with 
 an exact description of the physical and industrial ccmditiou of the country, with- 
 out at lea.st making it much too bulky. Each of these great departments is so 
 very extensive as to furnish by itself ample materials for a large work. 
 
 Camisaks : Histoire des Troubles des Cevenncs, ou de la Guerre des 
 Camisars. 12mo. 3 vols. Villcfranche, 1760. Very scarce. 
 
 Gibbon says that this book " may be recommended as accurate and impartial. It 
 requires some attention to discover the religion of the author." — (Decline and Fall, 
 cap. 21.) 
 
 The impartiality noticed by Gibbon is the more remarkable seeing that the work 
 was wiitten by a Protestant minister expelled fi'oni the province during the reign 
 of Louis XV. He was the father of the celebrated M. Court de Gebelin, by 
 ■whom the book was published. It is alike interesting and trustworthy. 
 
 There has been much ditferenee of opinion in regard to the origin of the term 
 Caraisars ; but the probability seems to be that it was derived from Camisade, a 
 night attack, which the insurgents frequently practised. 
 
 The troubles, as they are gently termed, of the Cevennes,* constitute one of the 
 most revolting chapters in the history of religious contests. The peasantry of this 
 region, who were mostly Protestants and but little civilized, were strongly attached 
 to their faith. But after the revocation of the edict of Nantes efforts were made, 
 partly by the aid of promises and bribes on the one hand, and of penalties and 
 threats on the other, to effect their conversion. The intendant (a Lamoignon, 
 of whom better things might have been expected,) and the Catholic clergy, in 
 their anxiety to recommend themselves and bring about the desired result, went 
 quite as far as the Government wished, or even farther, and subjected those who 
 adhered, as they almost all did, to the creed of their ancestors, to the most insulting, 
 oppressive, and barbarous treatment. This conduct had its natural results. The 
 passions of the peasantry were inflamed, and religion became on both sides the 
 pretext for the commission of the most ati'ocious crimes. The inaccessible nature 
 of .the country, and the fanaticism of the inhabitants, enabled them to maintain a 
 lengthened struggle against their oppressors. Even Marshal Villars and the Duke 
 of Berwick underwent the humiliation of being employed in this miserable 
 service. And after the battle of Blenheim had humbled the pride of Louis XIV., 
 he had to submit to enter into negociations and conclude a treaty with Cavalier, 
 one of the leaders of the Camisars, who had been a baker ! But though the 
 violence of persecution was abated, the laws against the Protestants were not 
 repealed, and it was not till the Revolution that they were wholly emancipated. 
 
 Camoexs — MiCKLE : The Lusiad, or the Discovery of India, from the 
 Portuguese of Luis de Camoens ; Avith Introductory Discourses, and 
 a Life of Camoens, by W. J. Mickle. 2nd ed. 4to. London, 1778. 
 Calf, ex. — Same work. 3d ed. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1798. Portrait 
 inserted. 
 This is a remarkably good translation of the only great poem of which the Portu- 
 guese have to boa.st. The Dissertations on the Discovery of India, and on the 
 
 • Cevenncs, a mountainous district in the S.E. parts of France. 
 
56 
 
 Camoens — MicKLE — cont. 
 
 Rise and Fall of the Portuguese Empire in the East, furnish a pretty good popular 
 view of these interesting subjects ; though they are very inferior compared to 
 the accounts given of them by Dr. Campbell in the Universal History. Mickle, as 
 in duty bound, defends Camoens from the censures of Voltaire ; and not content 
 ■with this, he does not scruple to enter the lists with Adam Smith in defence of 
 the monopoly of the East India trade ! And this being a subject of which he 
 knew nothing, he has had a corresponding degree of success. 
 
 Camoens — Adamson : Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Camoens, by 
 John Adamson, F.S.A. 8vo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1820. Calf, extra, 
 H. &B. 
 
 Campbell : Works of George Campbell, D.D., viz. : — 
 
 The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Svo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1808. 
 
 A most valuable contribution to the science of philosophical criticism. It is more 
 
 particularly suited for the advanced student. But all who wish to be intimately 
 acquainted with literature, and to write clearly and correctly, should read Camp- 
 bell over and over again. 
 
 A Dissertation on Miracles, Sermons, and Tracts. 8vo. London, 
 
 1834. 
 
 Lectures on Ecclesiastical History, with an Account of the Life 
 
 and Writings of the Author, by G. S. Keith. 2 vols. London, 
 1800. These works calf, gilt, uniform. 
 
 Modern India ; a Sketch of the System of its Civil Government, 
 
 by G. Campbell, Esq. Svo. London, 1852. 
 
 The Present State of Europe, explaining the Interests, Connec- 
 
 tions, Political and Commercial Views, of its several Powers, 
 by John Campbell, LL.D. 5th edition. Svo. London, 1757. 
 
 Lives of the British Admirals, containing a New and Accurate 
 
 Naval History from the Earliest Periods. Svo. 4 vols. London, 
 1785. 
 
 Political Survey of Britain and Ireland. 4to. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1774. Eussia. 
 
 . Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of 
 
 England, by John Lord Campbell. 3d edition. Svo. 7 vols. 
 London, 1848. 
 
 Lives of the Chief Justices of England. Svo. 3 vols. London, 
 
 1848. Presentation copy from the Author. 
 
 The Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Lord Chief Justices by Lord Campbell are 
 very valuable publications. They embrace an important portion of the constitu- 
 tional and legal history of the empire, and discussions that might otherwise have 
 been of a dry, philosophical character, are rendered interesting by their being 
 mixed up with the personal history of eminent individuals. The style is clear and 
 forcible ; and the narratives being condensed and enlivened by anecdotes are alike 
 interesting and instructive. Unluckily, however, his Lordship is not by any means 
 so painstaking, or careful in regard to his facts, or so ready to acknowledge his 
 many obligations to others, as he should have been. His high qualifications 
 as a judge were universally admitted ; and the works now referred to have given 
 him another claim to distinction ; and would have placed him, had he studied 
 accm-acy more and effect less, in the first rank among historical biographers. 
 
 Specimens of the British Poets, with Biographical and Critical 
 
 Notices, and an Essay on English Poetry, by Thomas Camp- 
 bell, Esq. Royal Svo. London, 1845. 
 . Poems, by Thomas Campbell, Esq. 12mo. London. 
 
57 
 
 Camus : Lettres sur la Pi'ofession d'Avocat, sur les Etudes relatives si 
 cette Profession, et sur la Maniere de I'exercer, par M. Camus. 
 12mo. Paris, 1777. Veau fauve. 
 
 ]\Iemoire sur Ics Collections de Voyages des De Bry et Do 
 
 Thevenot, par M. A. G. Camus. 4to. Paris, 1802. 
 Camusat: Ilistoire Critique des Journaux, par (M. Camusat). 12mo. 
 2 vols in 1. Amst., 1734. 
 The title of this bco'i is a misnomer. Camusat excludes gazettes* or newspapers, 
 properly so-called, from his definition of journals. His work is, in fact, wholly 
 devoted to a history of the Journal des S^-(tva7ts, the Mercurc GalanI, the Mcmaires 
 de VAcademie des Sciences, and one or two more publications of that description. 
 It refers only to French journals ; and though it contains much curious informa- 
 tion, not to be met with elsewhere, especially with respect to the establishment of 
 the Journal des S^avans by M. Sallo, and its subsequent progress, it is wholly 
 without enlarged views. Camusat had no idea of the vast importance of the 
 subject on a corner of which he had entered. And despite what lie and others have 
 since done, the history of journals remains to be Avritten. AVere it well executed, 
 it would be of paramount interest and value. 
 Canaux Navigables, ou Drveloppement des Avantages qui resulteraient 
 
 de leur Construction, etc., par Linguet. 12mo. Amst,, 1760. 
 Canina : Indicazione Topografica di Roma Autica in corrispondenza dell' 
 Epoca Imperiale, del Commendatore Luigi Canina. 4ta ediz. 8vo. 
 Eoma, 1850. 
 A work held in high estimation for its accuracy and judiciousness. Canina is the 
 author of several other works, mostly connected with the architecture and topo- 
 graphy of ancient Rome. A catalogue of these publications is prefixed to this 
 work, 
 
 Capefigue : Histoire de Philippe-Auguste, par M. Capefigue. 8vo. 
 
 4 vols. Paris, 1829. 
 Capicii de Principiis Rerum, libri II. ; et Aonii Palearii de Immortalilate 
 
 Animorum libri III. 8vo. Patavii, 1751. Green mor. 
 Capmany : Questiones Criticas sobre Varios Puntos de Historia Eco- 
 nomica, Politica, y Militar, por Don Antonio de Capmauy. 
 4to. Madrid, 1807. 
 
 See also Commerce, &c., Works on, and Maritime Law, Works on. 
 
 Cardonnel, Numismata Scotia?. See Money, Coins, &c. 
 Carey : The Credit System in France, Great Britain, and the U. States, 
 by H. C. Carey. 8vo. London, 1838. 
 A work on an important subject, but of little or no value. 
 Carh : Lettres Americaines, dans lesquelles on examine I'Origine, I'Etat 
 civil, &c. des Anciens Habitans de I'Amerique, de I'ltalien du Comte 
 J. A. Carli. 8vo. 2 vols. Boston (Paris), 1788. 
 These Letters, written originally in Italian by the very learned Count Rinaldo Carli, 
 were translated into French, with notes, by M. Lefebvre de Villebrune. They were 
 intended to refute the statements derogatory to America and the native Ameri- 
 cans that had been made by Ulloa, ])e Pauw, and Robertson, but especially by 
 De Pauw. In prosecuting this object Carli takes a wide range ; and besides de- 
 scribing the state of the Americans, particularly the Mexicans and renivians, at the 
 epoch of the Spanish invasion, he enters into various speculations in regard to the 
 first peopling of America, and the traces of the religion and customs of the Old 
 World, which he supposed were to be found in it. But, despite his learning and 
 industry, we doubt whether the efforts of Carli can be regarded as successful. 
 
 • Camusat gives, i. 119, a clear and satisfactory explanation of the origin of this term. 
 
58 
 
 Carli — cont. 
 
 That the statements and theories of De Pauw are, sometimes, perhaps, erroneous, 
 and more often exaggerated and paradoxical, must be admitted ; but we are, not- 
 withstanding, disposed to believe that they are for the most part substantially 
 correct. If they were as false as Carli andl)'Orbigny* (a recent and much higher 
 authority) would have us to conclude, how does it happen that no native xVmerican 
 nation has ever succeeded in raising itself to any considerable degree of civilization ? 
 Though many of them, in both divisions of the continent, have practically maintained 
 their independence, none of them, with extremely few and doubtful, if any, excep- 
 tions, seem to have sensibly benefited by the example of that civilization with which 
 they have been brought into contact. They have contracted the vices and repu- 
 diated the virtues, the inventions, and the arts of civilized man, and are, in most 
 respects, as much savages at this moment as when Columbus arrived at their 
 shores. This would not have been the case had they been endowed with the 
 capacities of Europeans or even Asiatics. And their long continued stationary state 
 demonstrates, despite a thousand individual instances to the contrary, the general 
 and unquestionable inferiority of the race. It remains to be seen, after America 
 has been fully peopled, and she has ceased to draw continual supplies of immigrants 
 from Europe, whether her population will continue to display the physical vigour, 
 and the intellectual attainments of their European progenitors, or degenerate and 
 fall away into something very different. 
 The coincidences observed by Carli, Lafitau {Maeurs cles Saurages), and others, between 
 some of the arts, customs, and religious obseI'^■ances of the Americans, and those of 
 the more ancient nations of the Old World, are, for the most part, of a very vague 
 description ; and the arts, &c. referred to are such as are almost sure to grow up 
 in the circumstances under which the different races were placed, without suppos- 
 ing any intercourse to have taken place between them. There are, indeed, no 
 grounds of any kind for supposing that any such intercourse ever took place. 
 
 Carltle : The Atitobiograplij of The Revereud Dr. Alexander Carlyle, 
 containing Memorials of the Men and Events of his Time. 8vo. Edin- 
 burgh, 1860. 
 The gift of my friend, IMr. John Blackwood, the Publisher. 
 
 This is both an entertaining and an instructive work. Carlyle was no ordinary clergy- 
 man. He received a very superior education, partly at Leyden ; and he was well 
 connected. Having been settled at Inveresk, in the vicinity of Edinburgh, he 
 became intimate with Hume, Robertson, Adam Smith, Blair, and other celebrated 
 Scotchmen. And the authentic notices he has given of them illustrate 
 many parts of their character, of which we had very imperfect details, and are the 
 most valuable portions of the book. Those also are valuable in which he refers 
 to the proceedings of the clergy, and their mode of living ; the condition of 
 the country generally, the progress it had begun to make, and so on. Carlyle 
 repeatedly visited London, and was on familiar tenns with the first people of the 
 metropolis. He was a moderate, or liberal, in Church, and a conservative in State 
 politics. Being distinguished by his fine presence he sat, more than once, in the 
 character of the King of Gods and Men, to Gavin Hamilton, the painter, whence 
 he acquired the sobriquet of Jupiter Carlyle. He was eminent alike for sound 
 sense, consistency and integrity of conduct, and high social qualities. The latter, 
 it is material to observe, not being alloyed or debased by anything unbecoming his 
 character as a gentleman and a clergyman. He died in 1805, but the Autobio- 
 graphy extends only from his birth in 1722 to 1770. It is written in a plain, 
 vigorous, and manly style, and is very well edited. 
 
 Carter : A Journey from Gibraltar to Malaga, by Francis Carter, Esq. 
 Svo. 2 vols. London, 1777. 
 
 Cart's Discourse on Trade. See Commerce, &c. 
 
 Cart's Dante. See Dante. 
 
 Cassagnac : Classes Ouvi-ieres. See Poor, &c. 
 
 • L'Homme Am^ricain consid6r6 dans ses Eapports Physiologiques et Mora'xx. See D'Orbigny. 
 
Catafago : An English and Arabic Dictionary in Two Partn, Arabic and 
 English, and English and Arabic, by Joseph Catafago of Aleppo. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1858. Half mor., uncut. 
 
 CATECUisJt of Council of Trent. Sec Trent, Catechism of Council of. 
 
 Cattfau : Tableau des Etats Danois envisages sous les rapports du 
 Mecanisnie Social, par J. V. Catteau. Svo. 3 vols. Paris, 1802, 
 
 Tableau de la ]\Ier Baltique. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1812. 
 
 Cavkndisii : The Life of Cardinal Wolsey by George Cavendish, edited 
 by S. W. Singer. Svo. 2 vols. Chiswick, 1825. Calf, ex. 
 
 Cayley : The Life of Sir Walter Ralegh, Knt., by Arthur Caylcy, Junr., 
 Esq. 2ded. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1806. Calf, ex. 
 
 Cellarius : Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab ortu 
 rerunipublicaruni ad Constant iiiorum tempora orbis terrarum facicm 
 declaraus, Clirit^topliorus Cellarius ex vetustis probatisque mouumeutis 
 collegit et illustravit, cura Couradi Sclnvartzii. 4to. 2 vols. Lipsia;, 
 1773. Russia. 
 
 Cellini (Benvenuto) : The Life of a Florentine Artist, written by himself, 
 and translated from the Italian, by Thomas Nugent, LL.D. Svo. 
 2 vols. London, 1771. Old calf, ex. 
 
 Ceevajs'tes : Vida y Hechos del Ligenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la 
 Maucha, por Miguel de Cervantes. Folkema's beautiful Plates. 
 12mo. 4 vols. En Haya, 1744. 
 
 Novelas Exemplares de. Plates by Folkema. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 
 Haya, 1739. 
 
 El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha, nueva edicion, 
 
 por Don Juan Ant. Pellicer. Svo. 5 vols. Madrid, 1787. 
 Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 This is one of the best and most serviceable editions of this famous romance. 
 Lockhart says of it: " Pellicer has greatly improved the text, and in his numerous 
 annotations has displayed much erudition in tracing the sources whence the author 
 drew his supplies ; in pointing out the passages in the old romances alluded to 
 in Don Quixote ; in detailing at large the historical facts which are there men- 
 tioned ; and in collecting biographical, bibliographical, and critical information 
 concerning the several authors whose writings Cervantes has either directly or 
 indirectly noticed." — (Preface to Don Quixote.) 
 
 Owing to the prevalence of idiomatical expressions and proverbs in the original, a 
 good translation of Don Quixote has been justly regarded as a work of extreme 
 difficulty. And yet it has been rendered into English with very considerable 
 success by Jervas, Motteux, and Smollett, or rather by the first two, Smollett's 
 translation being merely an improved edition of that of Jervas. Tytler has insti- 
 tuted an elaborate comparison between it and the translation of Motteux, in which 
 he justly gives the preference to the latter. " On the whole," says he, " I am in- 
 clined to think that the version of Motteux is by far the best we have yet seen of the 
 romance of Cervantes ; and that if corrected in its licentious abbreviations and 
 enlargements, and in some other particulars which I have noticed in the course of 
 this comparison, we should have nothing to desire superior to it in the way of 
 translation" (p. 319). iMr. Lockhart, an excellent Spanish scholar, published 
 in 1822 an edition of Motteux, in which its defects are mostly corrected, so that 
 it is now reckoned one of our best translations. 
 
 Ceylon. See Davy, Percival, Tennent, &c. 
 
 Chaboulon : Memoirs of the Private Life, Return, and Reign of 
 
 Napoleon in 1815 ; from the French of M. de Chaboulon. Svo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1820. 
 
60 
 
 Chalmers (George), Esq., F.R.S., and S.A., the following Works of, viz.: — 
 
 An Estimate of the Comparative Strength of Great Britain, and 
 
 of the Losses of her Trade in every War since the Revolution. 
 To which is added an Essay on Population, by Chief Justice 
 Hale. 4to. London, 1782. 
 
 . An Estimate, &c., to which is added a Life of Gregory King, and 
 
 his State of England. 8vo. London, 1802. 
 
 Another edition of this book -was published in 1812; but as it wants the notice of 
 King and his tract, the edition now referred to is the best. 
 
 A Collection of Treaties between Great Britain and other Powers. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1790. 
 
 Caledonia, or an Account, Historical and Topographical, of North 
 
 Britain, from the most Ancient Times. 4to. 3 vols. London, ^ 
 1807, &c. Light calf, gilt, ex., Hayday. 
 
 The Life of Thomas Ruddiman, with Anecdotes of Buchanan. 
 
 8vo. London, 1794. 
 
 The Life of Daniel De Foe. 8vo. London, 1790. 
 
 Historical and Statistical Account of Dunfermline, by the Rev. 
 
 Peter Chalmers, A.M. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1844. 
 Chambers : Scottish Songs, collected and illustrated by Robert Chambers. 
 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1829. 
 
 Scottish Ballads. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1829. 
 
 Encyclopaedia, or Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the 
 
 People, by W. and R. Chambers. Illustrated with Maps and 
 
 Woodcuts. Royal 8vo, double cols. Vols, (probably 10 or 12.) 
 
 London, 1860. 
 This is a sort of universal reference book, being fitted to supply that popular infor- 
 mation in regard to the various subjects treated of that is in general demand, dis- 
 encumbered of those scientific and lengthened details that are usually to be found 
 in the more extensive encyclopaedias. Besides being useful to ordinary readers, 
 it may serve those of a higher class as an epitome or index of the knowledge afloat 
 on any given subject. It appears to be carefully and conscientiously compiled, and 
 to be on a level with the science of the day. It would, however, be very mate- 
 rially improved were the sources to which recourse might be had for further 
 and mure ample information on the more important subjects more Irequently and 
 more distinctly specified. 
 Champollion-Figeac : Egypte Ancienne, par M. ChampoUion-Figeac. 
 
 8vo. Paris, 1829. Illustrated with plates. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 Lettres ecrites d'Egypte et de Nubie, en 1828 et 1829, par M. 
 
 ChampoUion le jeune. 8vo. Paris, 1833. Uncut, half mor. 
 Chandler : Travels in Asia Minor and Greece, by R. Chandler, D.D. 
 3d edition. 4to. 2vols.ini. London, 1817. Half Russia. 
 
 The History of Ilium or Troy. 4to. London, 1 802. Calf, gilt. 
 
 Chapman : An Essay on the Roman Senate, by Thomas Chapman, D.D. 
 
 8vo. Cambridge, 1750. Calf, ex, 
 
 A Treatise on Education, by George Chapman, LL.D. 4th 
 
 edition. 8vo. London, 1790. 
 
 The Topographical Picture of Glasgow, by Robert Chapman. 
 
 3d edition. 12mo. Glasgow, 1820. 
 Chardin : Voyage du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres Lieux de 
 rOrient. Nouvelle edition. 4to. 4 vols. Amsterdam, 1735. Pale calf. 
 " Sir John Chardin, not, indeed, the most learned but the most judicious and inqui- 
 sitive of our modern travellers." — (Gibbon, Decline and Fall, v. 385, 4to ed.) 
 
61 
 
 Charity Schools, Poor, and Assize, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. An Account of Charity Schools lately erected in Great Britain' 
 
 and Ireland, 1710. 
 
 2. An Account of the Care taken in most Civilized Nations for the 
 
 Relief of the Poor in Times of Scarcity and Distress, by the }» 4to 1 vol. 
 Rev. Richard Onely, 1758. 
 
 3. A Collection of Authentic Accounts as to the Assize of Bread, 
 
 Dearths, Famines, &c., 1748. 
 
 CiiARLEMONT — IIardy : Memoirs of the Political and Private Life of 
 James Caulfield Earl of Charlemont, K.P., &c., by Francis Hardy, Esq. 
 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1812. 
 
 Charles II., Account of the Preservation of, after the Battle of 
 Worcester, and Letters of, Edited by Lord Ilailes. 8vo. Glasgow, 
 Foulis, 1765. Mor., ex. 
 
 CiiARROX : De la Sagesse, par M. Pierre Charron. 12mo. a. Leide 
 (Elzevir), 1656. Mor., ex. 
 
 "Pierre ChaiTon, ne en 1541, a Paris, homme d'esprit et excellent prcdicatcur. Ce 
 dernier, sediiit par un commerce habituel avec Montaigne, prit le goiit du scepti- 
 cisme, et s'exprima, dans son Traite de la Sagesse, avec une grande liberte siir les 
 matieres de morale et de religion. Scion lui, la sagesse est le libre examen des 
 choses communes et habituelles. Le besoin de connaitre la verite est naturel ; 
 mais la verite n'est qu'en Dieu, et I'intelligence humaine ne saurait parvenir a en 
 rendre I'image. De la Charron tire des motifs de mefiance et d'indifft'rence Jl 
 regard de toutes les sciences, des doutes hardis sur la vertu on ses apparences, sur 
 les fondemens de la foi religieuse, et sur toutes les religions, sans excepter le 
 christianisme, dont la partie historique et exterieure ne lui paralt point d'accord 
 avec la divinite de son origine. Mais au fond de tons ces doutes on retrouve 
 pourtant un caractere digne d'estime ; ses t'crits presentent les regies d'une morale 
 tres-pure, a laquelle il conforma sa vie'entiere. II mourut en 1603, decrie comme 
 athee par beaucoup de censeurs qui avaient mal con9u ses idees." (See the learned 
 and excellent work of Tennemann, entitled Manuel de I'Histoire de la Philosophic, 
 par M. Cousin, ii. 49.) 
 
 Chateauneuf : Recherches Statistiques, par M. de Chateauneuf, contain- 
 ing Four valuable Tracts. 8vo. Paris, 1820, &c. 
 Chateauvieux : Italy, its Agriculture, &c., from the French of M. 
 
 Chateauvieux, by Edward Rigby, Esq., M.A. 8vo. Norwich, 1819. 
 One of the best of the industrial works on Italy. 
 Chatham : Anecdotes, &c., of the Life of the Right Hon. William Pitt, 
 
 Earl of Chatham, from 1736 to 1778. 6th edition. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 
 London, 1797. 
 Chatterton : The Works of Thomas Chatterton, with his Life, &c. 8vo. 
 
 3 vols. London, 1803. Half mor., uncut. 
 Chauffepie : Nouveau Dictionnaire, par M. Chauffepie, pour servir de 
 
 Supplement au Dictionnaire de Bayle. Folio. 4 vols. Amsterdam. 
 
 1750. Old French calf, gilt. 
 
 Gibbon says that this book has " the learning and accuracy of Bayle, without his 
 philosophy and genius." 
 
 Chemer : The Present State of the Empire of Morocco, with its Recent 
 History. From the French of M. Chenier. 8vo. 2 vols. 1788. 
 Old calf. 
 
 Tal)leaux de I'Etat et des Progres de la Litterature Fran9aise 
 
 dcpuis 1789, par J. Chenier. 3me edition. 8vo. Paris, 1818. 
 
Chesterfield : Letters to his Son, by the Earl of Chesterfield. 6th edition. 
 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1775. Bright calf. 
 
 This work may be selected as a model of a clear, easy, and all but perfect English 
 style. It also contains a vast ftind of information on most subjects -with which 
 gentlemen, and especially statesmen, should be acquainted, with the soundest maxims 
 for the regulation of the conduct of young men. Nowhere, indeed, is the advantage 
 of a liberal education, of industry, and of a determination to act honourably, and 
 to get on more admirably illustrated. The noble author, who was himself a finished 
 gentleman, lays great and perhaps undue stress on the importance of politeness, 
 an engaging manner, and a good address, to advancement in the world. But, 
 though it may be in some re.spects exaggerated, what he says on this head affords 
 no excuse for the scun-ilous observations of Johnson. Chesterfield set a proper 
 value on the acquisition of knowledge, which he held in the highest estimation; 
 but he considered those elegant accomplishments, of which Johnson was wholly 
 ignorant, as necessary to set off and give their due lustre to learning and science. 
 
 The reader will find some extracts from Chesterfield in the Articles in this work on 
 Bolingbroke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, &c. 
 
 Miscellaneous Works, by Maty. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1779. 
 
 Chevalier : Lettres sur I'Amerique du Nord, par Michel Chevalier, 
 12mo. 2 vols. Bruxelles, 1837. 
 
 Cours d'Economie Politique. See Political Economy. 
 
 L'Isthme de Panama, &c. 8vo. Paris, 1844. 
 
 On the Probable Fall in the Value of Gold : the Commercial and 
 
 Social Consequences v^^hich may ensue, and the Measures which 
 
 it invites. From the French of, &c., by Richard Cobden, Esq., 
 
 M.P. 8vo. Manchester, 1859. 
 
 M. Chevalier and his translator endeavour to show that a very considerable fall has 
 
 taken place during the last dozen years in the value of gold; that a still further fall 
 
 may be anticipated, and that the consequences of this fall will be highly injurious. 
 
 We, however, take leave to dissent from eveiy one of these conclusions. And we 
 
 have given the reasons why we do so in articles on the Precious Metals in the 
 
 last editions of the Commercial Dictionary, and the Encyclopaedia Britannica, to 
 
 which we beg to refer. 
 
 Chevaliers : Histoire des Ordres Militaires, ou des Chevaliers. 12mo. 
 
 4 vols. Amsterdam, 1721. Veau fauve. 
 Child. See Commerce, Works on. 
 Chili. /See Molina, Rosales, &c. 
 
 Chillingworth : The Works of Mr. William Chillingworth, M.A., con- 
 taining the Religion of Protestants a safe and best Way to Salvation, 
 &c. 10th edition. Folio. London, 1742. Old calf, gilt. 
 Mr. Locke says : — " For the attainment of perspicuity and right reasoning, Chilling- 
 worth is better than any book that I know ; and, therefore, will deserve to be read 
 over and over again, not to say anything of his argument." He was said by 
 Tillotson to be "incomparable," and "the glory of his age and nation" (Life 
 prefixed to works). 
 
 Chinese and Egyptians (Ancient), Tracts on Origin of, &c., viz. :— . 
 
 1. Memoire dans lequel on prouve que les Chinois sont une Colonic" 
 
 Egyptienne, par M. de Guignes, 1759. 
 
 2. Doutes sur la Dissertation de M. de Guignes, par M. Leroux 
 
 Deshauterayes, 1759. 
 
 3. Eeponse de M. de Guignes aux Doutes, 1759. 
 
 4. Dissertation sur I'Excellence de la Langue Italienne, par il Sig- 
 
 Deodati di Tovazzi, 1761. 
 
 5. Dissertation sur I'Ecriture Hieroglyphique, 1762. ^ 
 
 1 vol 12mo. 
 Very scarce 
 and curious. 
 
63 
 
 CniXKSE RF.rosiTORY, The : From May 1832 to April 1833, and from May 
 1833 to April 1834. 8vo. 2 vols. Canton. 
 
 Choul : Roligio, Castramctutio, Disciplina Militaris, ut et Balnea?, vetorum 
 Roiuanorum, auctore G. du Choul. 4to. Amst., lG8o. Same work iu 
 French. 4to. 
 
 Christ : Dictionnaire dcs Monogrammes, Cliiffrcs, &c., traduit de I'AUe- 
 mand de M. Christ. 8vo. Paris, 1762. 
 
 Christie : Disqnisitions upon the Painted Greek Vases, and their pro- 
 bable connection with the Elensinian and other Mysteries, by James 
 Christie, M.S. D. 4to. London, 182o. 
 
 Chroxology and History : L'Art de Verifier les Dates des Faits Histo- 
 riqnes, des Inscriptions, des Chroniqnes, &c., par des Religieux de la 
 Congregation de St. jNIaur. Nouvelle edit. 4to. 10 vols, viz, — 
 
 1. Avant I'Ere Chretienne. 1 vol. 
 
 2. Depuis I'Ere Chretienne jnsqn'a 1769. 5 vols. 
 
 3. Depuis 1769 jusqu'a nos jours. 4 vols. Paris, 1820-38. Calf, 
 
 ex., gilt leaves. 
 
 A work of great extent, and of the highest authority on Chronology and History. 
 
 CnuRCiiiLi. : The Poetical Works of Charles Churchill, with Notes and an 
 Account of his Life. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1804. 
 
 Church Revenues, Tracts on : 
 
 1. Statement of the Numbers, Duties, Families, and Livings of the"| 
 
 Church of Scotland, 1807, by the Rev. W. Singer, 1808. 
 
 2. Essay on the Tithe System, 1822. 
 
 3. Remarks on the Consimiption of the Public "Wealth by the Clergy. 
 
 2d edition. 1822. 
 
 4. The Rights of the English Clergy asserted, by Augustus 
 
 Campbell, A.M., 1822. 
 
 5. Some Obsers'ations on Remarks on the Consumption of Public 
 
 Wealth by the Clergy, by the Rev. Francis Thackeray, M.A., 
 182.3. 
 
 6. The Claims of the Clergy to Tithes, &c., 1 823. 
 
 7. Appeal to the Gentlemen of England in behalf of the Cburch of 
 
 England, by the Rev. Augustus Campbell, A.M., 1823. 
 
 8. Addi'ess to the Primate of All Ireland on the Commutation of 
 
 Tythes, by the Rev. Sir H. B. Dudley, Bart., 1808. 
 
 9. Inquiry whether the Distiu-bances in Ireland have originated in 
 
 .Tithes, 1823. 
 
 10. Letter on the Origin, &c. of Tithes. 1823. 
 
 11. Suggestions on the Composition and Commutation of Tithes, by 
 
 J. J. Park, Esq., 1823. 
 
 Churton : The Life of Alexander NowcU, Dean of St. Paul's, by Rali)h 
 Churton, M.A. Svo. Oxford, 1809. 
 
 CiBBER : The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and L-eland to the Time 
 of Dean Swift, by Mr. Cibbcr. ]2mo. 5 vols. London, 17o3. 
 
 An Apology for the Life of Mr. CoUey Cibber, a new edition, by 
 
 E. Bellchambers. Svo. London, 1822. 
 
 Cicero. See Classics and Translations of Classics. 
 
 )■ Svo. 1 vol. 
 
64 
 
 Civil Law : 
 
 1. Observations on the Study of the Civil Law, by David Irving," 
 
 Esq., LL.D., 1815. 
 
 2. Introduction to the Study of the Civil Law, by David Irving, 
 
 Esq., LL.D., 1837. 
 
 3. Historical Notices of the Roman Law, and of its Progress in )- 8vo. 1 VoL 
 
 Germany, by John Reddie, LL.D., 1826. 
 
 4. Remarks on the Study of the Civil Law, occasioned by Mr. 
 
 Brougham's late Attacii on the Scottish Bar, by James Browne, 
 LL.D., Advocate, 1828. J 
 
 The last-mentioned Tract contains the controversy which grew out of a state- 
 ment made by Mr. (now Lord) Brougham, reflecting on the ignorance of the Civil 
 Law displayed by the Bar of Scotland. It is believed that the papers which sup- 
 port the learned Lord's view of the matter were written by his brother, Mr. 
 James Brougham, and that they had the benefit of his Lordship's supendsion. 
 Browne was assisted by Dr. Irving. 
 
 Clarendon : Hi.story of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in^ 
 
 England, begun in 1641, by Edward Earl of I TTujform blue 
 Clarendon. 8vo. 6 vols. Oxford, 1732. > nim ex 
 
 . Life of Edward Earl of, "OTitten by himself, | '' 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. Oxford, 1760. J 
 
 " Clarendon's style cannot be commended for its correctness ; the manner in which 
 he constructs his sentences, indeed, often sets at defiance all the rules of sjTitax ; 
 but yet he is never unintelligible or obscure, with such admirable expository skill 
 is the matter arranged and spread out, even where the mere verbal sentence- 
 making is the most negligent and entangled. The style, in fact, is that proper to 
 speaking rather than to writing, and had, no doubt, been acquired by Clarendon, 
 not so much from books as from his practice in speaking at the bar and in 
 Parliament ; for, with great natural abilities, he does not seem to have had much 
 acquaintance with literature, or much acquired knowledge of any kind resulting 
 from study. But his writing possesses the quality that interests above all the 
 graces or artifices of rhetoric — the impress of a mind informed by its subject, and 
 having a complete master}' over it ; while the broad full stream in which it flows 
 makes the reader feel as if he were borne along on its tide. The abundance, in 
 particular, with which he pours out his stores of language and illustration in his 
 characters of the eminent persons engaged on both sides of the great contest seems 
 inexhaustible. The historical value of his history, however, is not verj- con- 
 siderable ; it has not preserved very many facts which are not to be found else- 
 where ; and, whatever may be thought of its general bias, the inaccuracy of its 
 details is so great throughout, as demonstrated by the authentic evidences of the 
 time, that there is scarcely any other contemporary history which is so little 
 trustworthy as an authority with regard to minute particulars.'' — (Craik's Histoiy 
 of Literature, &c.) 
 
 Clakke : The Connexion of the Eoman, Saxon, and English Coins, 
 deduced from Observations on the Saxon Weights and Money, 
 by William Clarke, M.A. 4to. London, 1767. Russia, gilt, 
 fine. 
 
 A Discourse concerning the Being and Attributes^ 
 
 of God, &e., in answer to Mr. Hobbs, Spinoza, | 
 
 and their Followers, by Samuel Clarke, D.D. I Uniform, 
 
 9th edition. Svo. London, 1738. f old calf, gilt. 
 Sermons on Various Subjects. 6th edition. 11 vols. | 
 
 8vo. London, 1743. J 
 
 Dr. Samuel Clarke was one of the most distinguished Englishmen of last centmy. 
 His sermons, his inquiry into the " Being and Attributes of God," his '• Docirme 
 
65 
 
 Clarke — conf. 
 
 ofthe Trinity," &c.. show his cniincnci' as a divine and a mcfaphysicinn ; his 
 translations of Kohauit's I'hysics, of Newton's Optics, &c. evince his skill in 
 mathematics and natnral philosophy; and his editions of Ca-sar and Ilonur 
 are among the best of that chiss of publications. Clarke was accused of Ariaii 
 tendencies ; and his a priori reasonings to prove the existence of the Deity, though 
 mtended as an answer to Spinoza, are said to be identical in principle with tlurse 
 of that subtle philosopher. He was plain, unaffected in his style and manners and 
 much beloved. ' 
 
 ;Mr. Butler says that had he been called upon to mention the person who.se literary 
 attainments he should most wish for, he should, without hesitation, have specified 
 Dr. Clarke. " Whm could be wanting in literary happiness in a man who could 
 publish editions, approved by the whole world, of JIon)er, Ca-sar, and Sir Lsaac 
 ^'ewton ? Who could write as he wrote on the ' Being and Attributes of the 
 Deity ?' "\\ ho was admired and sought for as he was, by every society into 
 which it was desirable and honourable to be admitted?" — (Reminiscences, ii. 134.) 
 
 Letters coiiconiing the Spanish Nation. Written at Ma/h-id, iu 
 
 1760 and 1761, by the Eev. Edward Clarke, M.A. 4to. London, 
 1 763. 
 
 Travels in Russia, Turkey, the Holy Land, E^ypt, and Scandi- 
 
 navia, by E. D. Clarke, LL.U. 4th edition! ' 11 vols. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1816. Half Russia, uncut. 
 
 Icteresting travels, and extremely popular when they appeared. But the author was 
 
 too impetuous, too easily satisfied with a rapid view, and too much disposed to 
 
 draw hasty inferences ; hence the reputation of the work is now very con.siderablv 
 
 impaired. ^ 
 
 Classics and Tr.\nslatioxs from the Classics :— 
 
 -ZElian : Histoires diverses d'Elien, traduites du Grcc par 'M. 
 
 Dacier. Nouvelle edition. 8vo. Paris, 1827. Calf n-ilt 
 leaves. . ' ° 
 
 iRschyli Tragoedia? quns restant, Gr. et Lat. 12ino. 2 vols. 
 
 Foulis, Glasguac, 1746. INIor., uncut. 
 
 ^Eschylus, by Dr. Potter. (Greek Tragic Theatre.) 2d edition. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1779. Calf, gilt. 
 
 iEsopicne Fabula;, Gr. et Lat., cura ac studio F. de Furia. Charta 
 
 maxima. 8vo, Lipsiaj, 1810. Russia, gilt edges. 
 
 Alciphron'.s Epistles, describing the ^Manners, tlie Courtesans, 
 
 and the Parasites of Greece. 8vo. London, 1794. 
 
 Anacreontis Teii Od;e et Caraiina, opera et studio Josure Barnes, 
 
 S.T.B. 12mo. Cantabrigia', 1705. Mor., gilt, ex. 
 
 Anacreon et Sappho, trad, par Madame Dacier et M. De la Fosse. 
 
 12mo. Amst., 1716. Mor. From the Lamoignon Library. 
 
 Anacreon, Sappho, Bion, Moschus, and Musanis, from the Greek, 
 
 by Francis Fawkes, M.A. 12mo. London, 1760. 
 
 The al)0ve from the Greek, by Thomas Stanley, Esq. 
 
 Anewedition. 12mo. London, ISl 5. Mor., ex'. 
 
 Anthologia Veterum Latinorum E])igrannnatum et Poematum. 
 
 notis var., curante Pet. Burniauno Secundo. 4to. 2 vols. 
 Amst., 1759. Old green mor. 
 
 Antonini Augusti Itinerarium, curante Pet, Wessclin"-io. 4(o 
 
 Amst., 1735. Calf, gilt. 
 
 A Commentary on Antoninus liis Itinerary or Journies of the 
 
 Roman Empire as far as it concerneth Br'itain, Ike, by William 
 Burton, B.D. Folio. London, 1658. Russia, gill. 
 
66 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 Antoninus, the Itinerary of, with a new Commentary, by the Rev. 
 
 Thomas Reynolds, A.M. 4to. Cambridge, 1790. 
 
 Calf, ex. See Burton. 
 The Meditations of the Emperor Antoninus, from the 
 
 Greek. 12mo. Foulis, Glasgow, 1752. 
 Reflexions Morales de I'Empereur Marc Antonin, avec 
 
 sa Vie, et des Remarques (par M. Dacier). Post 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. Paris, 1691. 
 Pensees de I'Empereur Marc-Aurele Antonin, ou Logons 
 
 de Vertu, de ce Prince Philosophique, par M. De Joly. 
 
 8vo. Paris, 1770. Old red mor. 
 
 " C'est jusqu'ici la meilleur traduction fran9aise que nous ayons de ce moraliste." 
 — (Brunet.) 
 
 Apicii (Coelii) De Opsoniis et Condimeutis, sive Arte Coquinaria, 
 
 Libri X., cum notis Listeri et variorum, Ed. 2nda. 8vo, Amst , 
 1709. C. M. A first-rate copy in yellow mor., being very 
 rare in this state. 
 
 Apollonius Rhodius, the Argonautics of, by F. Fawkes, with the 
 
 Rape of Helen, &c. 8vo. London, 1780. Calf, ex. 
 
 Apollonius Tyaneus, the first two Books of Philostratus' Life of, 
 
 from the Greek, with Notes by Charles Blount, Gent. Folio. 
 London, 1680. 
 
 Appiani Alexandrini Romanarum Ilistoriarum libri, cura Tollii. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. Amst., 1670. 
 
 Apuleii Metamorphoseon libri XL, notis var., studio Oudendorpii, 
 
 prefatione Ruhnkenii. 4to. Lug. Bat., 1786. Mor. Bozerian. 
 
 Apuleius, the Metamori^hosis, or Golden Ass, and Philosophical 
 
 Works of, including the suppressed passages, from the original 
 Latin, by Thomas Taylor. 8vo. London, 1822. Calf, ex. 
 
 Arist.-enetus : The Love Epistles of Arista?netus, translated from 
 
 the Greek into Euglish Metre, (by, it is said, R. B. Sheridan 
 and Mr. Ilalhed.) 2d ed. 8vo. London, 1773. 
 A highly esteemed translation. 
 
 Aristophanes, the Comedies of, by T. Mitchell, A.M. 8vo. 2 
 
 vols. London, 1820. Calf, ex. 
 
 Aristotle : Politique d'Aristote, traduit en Francois, avec des 
 
 Notes, parB. St. Hilaire. Imp. 8vo. Paris, 1848. 
 
 La Logique de, par le meme. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1838. 
 
 De la Metaphysique de, Rapport, par M. Cousin. 2de 
 
 edition. 8vo. Paris, 1838. 
 
 . ■ Treatise on Poetry, with Notes, &c., by Thomas Twining, 
 
 M.A. 4to. London, 1789. Old calf, Kalthoeber. 
 
 Ethics and Politics, by John Gillies,") p ,r. .,, 
 
 LL.D., 3d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. Lon- I ^.l «' ^' 
 
 ' \ uniform, 
 
 don, 1813. I TT ,«r "R 
 
 Rhetoric. 8vo. London, 1823. J 
 
 The treatises by Dr. Gillies are paraphrases rather than translations. 
 We borrow trom the Manuel de I'Histoire de la Philosophic of ]M. Tennemann the 
 following s^^hort and comprehensive statement; — 
 
67 
 
 Classics and Tkaxslations kkom tiik Classics— co«^ 
 
 "Aristote possi-dait ii im tlcpro I'minent le talent do la distinction ot do I'analyse, 
 joint aux jilns vastes connaissanoes tiives dos livrcs et do I'observation do la 
 natui'o. LV'tude do la nature I'tait propvenient le but qu'il se proposait. ])c la vint 
 qu'ii rcjeta les Idoes, soutenant que toules les pensi'es, nirnie ks plus ilevcos de 
 rintelligeucc, sont le produit de I'experience qui en donne la inatiore ot les dove- 
 loppe ; et que le monde est oternel, niome dans sa forme, et non rouvragc d'une 
 Providence. II n'avait point conime Tlatou le sentiraont de I'idoal ; sa pliilosophie 
 ne s'adresse qu'a rentendeniont. Ce u'est pas comme ce dernier de runiversol au 
 particulier, c'est toujours du particulier ii I'universel qu'il procode dans son systome, 
 veritable enipirisme modifie par le rationalisme de Platon." — (Tome i. 179.) 
 
 Arriani Ars Taclicn, Pcriplus Ponti Euxini, Encliiridion EpictcH, 
 
 8:c. cura Blancardi. 8vo. Amst., IG'A'o. Vi-au i'aiive, Dcromc. 
 
 An-iaiius de Expoditione Alexaiidi'i IMagiii, c-ura Kaplielii. 8vo. 
 
 Amst., 17o7. Mor., C. M., gilt leaves. 
 
 We subjoin the ti-anslation given by Jlitford of Arrian's character of Alexander the 
 Great : — 
 
 " Alexander -was in body most graceful, most active, most indefatigable ; in mind 
 most manly, most ambitious of glory, most indifferent to danger, most diligent in 
 devotion to the Deity. In sensual pleasures he was most temperate ; of praise for 
 the gifts of the mind only insatiable : singular in readiness to see the best to be 
 done in the most critical emergencies, and, from what was evident to conjecture 
 concerning what remained obscure : in all the business of arraying, providing, 
 and ruling an army most able ; in encouraging the soldiery, filling them with 
 hope, and, by domonsti-ation of his own fearlessness, dispelling the fears of others, 
 excellent; in doubtful enterprise most daring ; in anticipating even the enemy's 
 suspicion of his puqjoses most skilful ; in his own engagements most faithful ; in 
 avoiding to be deceived by others most acute ; of expense upon his own pleasures 
 most sparing ; in bestowing upon others periiaps i)rol'use. 
 
 "If then, through vehemence of temper, and in highly provoked anger, he became 
 criminal, or if, through inflated pride, he gave too much into barbarian fashions, [ 
 think candour will find large extenuation for him; his youth and his uninteiTupted 
 coiu-se of the most extraordinary great fortune being considered, together with the 
 flattery with which kings, to their great injury, are constantly beset. On the 
 other "hand, the severity of his repentance for his faults I reckon his great, and, 
 among what is recorded of kings, his singular merit. Even his claim to divine 
 origin I cannot esteem a blameable extravagance ; his object having been to gnin 
 that veneration from those he had conquered which might contribute to the 
 stability of his new empire ; and the example of IMinos, JEaeus, Khadamanthus, 
 Theseus, and Ion, men acknowledged by the Greeks to have been sons of gods, 
 b^'ing familiar to him and all about him. His assumption of the I'ersian habit, 
 w^hile living among the Persians, avoiding thus to appear a stranger iu the 
 country over which he reigned, I consider as a just policy. His long sitting at 
 table, Aristobulus assures us, was not for the sake of wine, for he commonly 
 drank little, but for convers:ition, and to discover who might deserve his esteem, 
 and with such to cultivate friendship. 
 
 "Let then, whoever would vilify Alexander, not select from the actions of a man, 
 fallible as of mankind, only what may be blameworthy ; but putting together all 
 his deeds, consider how comparatively insignificant, in whatever situation of hiL'h 
 fortune placed, he himself has been engaged through life in comparatively little 
 matters, and not even iu those doing always well. My opinion, therefore, I will 
 profess that not without especial purpose of the Deity, such a man was given to 
 the M-orld, to whom none has ever yet been equal." 
 
 Ausonii opera, notis ToUii, &c. 8vo. Amst., 1671. 
 
 ■ Flav. Avian! Fabuht;, notis var., cura Cannegieteri. 8vo. Amst., 
 
 1731. Russia, gilt leaves. 
 Beza', ^Jurcti, et Joannis 8ecundiJuvenilia,&c. 12mo. Barbou, 
 
 Lujr. Bat., 1779. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY } 
 
GS 
 
 Classics and Translations feom the Classics — cottt. 
 
 Bibliotheque d'Appolodore I'Athenien, traduit du Grec, avec le 
 
 Texte, par M. Clavier. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1805. 
 
 M. S. Boethii Consolationis Philosopliioe libri V. Notis Vallini, &c. 
 
 8vo. Lucr. Bat., 1671. 
 
 Georgii Buchanani Paraplirasis Psalmorum Davidis Poetica, notis 
 
 var., curante Ruddimanno, 8vo. Edinburgi, 1737. 
 
 Thick ])aper, red mor., ex. 
 By far the best edition of this classical -work. 
 Paraplirasis Psalmorum Davidis Poetica. 12mo. Foulis, 
 
 Glasguaj, 1765. Red mor., ex. 
 Editio nitidissima. 
 
 C. Julii Cassaris Commentarii libri, notis var., cui-a Oudendorpii. 
 
 Lug. Bat., 1737. 4to. Blue mor., ex. 
 " On parle beavicoup de la foi'tune de Cesar. IMais cet homme extraordinaire avoit 
 tant des grandes qualites sans pas un dcfaut, quoi qu'il eut bien des vices, qu'il 
 eut ete bien difficile que quelque ai-mee qu'il eut commande, il n'eut ete vainqueur ; 
 et qu'en quelque republique qu'il fut ne il ne I'eiit gouverne."— (Montesquiea, 
 Grandeur des Romains, cap. xi.) 
 
 qutB extant opera, notis var., edente J. G. GroBvio. Svo. 
 
 Lug. Bat., 1713. 
 . et A. Hirtii Commentarii, ex editione Sam. Clarkii. 
 
 4to. Glasgua?, Foulis, 1750. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 Caesar's Commentaries, with a Discourse on the Roman Art of 
 
 War, by William Duncan. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1755. Calf, 
 gilt. 
 
 Dr. Browne makes the following remarks on the character and style of the 
 Commentaries : — 
 
 ^' These memoirs are exactly what they profess to be, and are written in the 
 most appropriate style. Few would wish it to be other than it is. They 
 are sketches taken on the spot, in the midst of action, whilst the mind was full ; 
 they have all the graphic power of a master-mind, and the vigorous touches 
 of a master-hand. Take, for example, the delineation of the Gallic character, 
 and compare it with some of the features still to be found in the mixed race, 
 their successors, and no one can doubt of its accuracy, or of the deep and 
 penetrating insight into human nature, which generally indicates the powei-tul 
 and practical intellect. Their elegance and polish is that which always must mark 
 even the least laboured efforts of a refined and educated taste, not that which pro- 
 ceeds from careful emendation and coiTCction. The •' Commentaries " are the 
 materials for historj- ; notes jotted down for future historians. It is evident that 
 no more time was spent upon them than would naturally be devoted to such a work 
 by one who was employing the inaction of winter quarters in digesting the recollec- 
 tions stored up during the business of the campaign ; and for this reason few faults 
 have been found with the " Commentaries." even by the most fastidious critics. 
 The very faults which may be juttly found with the style of Caesar are such as 
 reflect the man himself The majesty of his character principally consists in the 
 impertm'bable calmness and equability of his temper. He had no sudden bursts of 
 energy, and alternations of passion and inactivity; the elevation of his character was 
 a high one, but it was a level table-land. This cahimess and equability pei-vades 
 his writings, and for this reason they have been thought to want life and energy ; 
 whereas in reality they are only dehcient in contrast, and light and shade. The 
 uniformity of this active character is interesting as one great element of his success, 
 but the unifonnity of style may, perhaps, be thought by some readers to diminish 
 the interest with which his work is read." — (History of Roman Classical Litera- 
 ture, p. 379.) 
 
 *' If Csesar," says Quintilian, " had made the Bar his principal occupation, no other 
 of our orators could have better disputed the prize of eloquence with Cicero. So great 
 
C9 
 
 Classics and Tkanslations fkoxi the Classics — coui. 
 
 is his force, so sharp his wit, so active his fire, that it plainly appcais he spoke with 
 as much spirit as he fought. A wonderful elegance and purity of language, wliich 
 he made his particular study, -was a farther embellisliment of all these his talents 
 for eloquence." — (Patsall's Trans. Institutes, book 10, cap. 1.) 
 
 Callimaquo, Ilyniiu's de, Nouvolle oditioii, avec une Version Fraii- 
 
 (;aise et dos Notes. 8vo. Paris, 1775. Orungo mor., gilt 
 leaves. 
 
 Carmina Ethica collegit A. A. Eenouaril. 12ino. Purisiis, 179.5. 
 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 Catullus, Tibullus, et Propertius, notis var., ex rccensione J. G. 
 
 Grajvii. 8vo. Traj. ad Rhenum, 1680. Old mor., fine. 
 
 12mo. Barbou, Parisiis, 1743. 
 
 ■ 12mo. Baskcrville, Birminghamia^, 1772. Calf, gilt, 
 
 yellow edges. 
 
 Catullus, in Verse, by Dr. Nott. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1795. 
 
 In Verse, by Theodore Martin. Post 8vo. London, 1861. 
 
 Large paper, half mor. 
 In this translation those poems are omitted which could not be reproduced without 
 considerable modifications. 
 
 A. Corn. Celsi Medicina? libri VIII., notis var., cur. Th. J. Ab. 
 
 Almeloveeu. 8vo. Rotterodami, 1750. Morocco, 
 
 uncut. 
 Ex recensione L. Targa?, cum Dissertationibus, Indicibns, 
 
 &c., cura Ed. Milligani, M.D. 8vo. Edinburgi, 1826. 
 De Re Medica libri octo, cura Valart. 12mo. Parisiis, 
 
 1772. Blue mor., ex. 
 
 Cclsus (A. C), The Treatise cff, on Medicine, from the Latin, with 
 
 Notes by James Greive, M.D. Svo. London, 1750. Calf, ex. 
 Celsus appears to have belonged to the Augustan age. His work on medicine, 
 inchiding surgery, is interesting from the very complete view which it gives of 
 the state and practice of the art at the period when it was published. It is clearly 
 written. Celsus was also the author of treatises on rhetoric and agriculture, which 
 have been referred to by Quintilian and Columella, but with the exception of that 
 on medicine, his other works have been lost. 
 
 M. Tullii Ciceronis opera qua3 supersunt omnia, notis var., cu- 
 
 rante Isaaco Verburgio. 4to. 4 vols. Amst., 1724. 
 
 Calf, gilt, ex. 
 Harwood says, "I am well acquainted with the edition of Cicero's works by Ver- 
 burgius, and it is executed with great learning and critical industry. The 
 notes are judiciou-sly selected, and it has the advantage of an excellent Index. It 
 is the most useftil edition of Cicero yet published." — (Ilanvood.) 
 
 opera qua? extant omnia, delectu Commentariorum cura 
 
 Jos. Oliveti. 4to. 9 vols. Parisiis, 1740-43. Red 
 mor., gilt leaves, C. Lewis. 
 This is a very fine copy of what is certainly the most beautiful, and, also, one of the 
 most valuable editions of Cicero. 
 
 opera qua? supersunt, ex recens. J. N. Lallemand. 12mo. 
 
 14 vols. Barbou, ParisiLs, 1768. Calf" ex., 'n'lt 
 leaves. 
 
 11 vols. Elzevir, Lugd. Bat., 1642. Old mor. 
 
 12mo. 20 vols. Foulis, Glasgua;, 1749. Uncut. 
 
 light calf, gilt, II. h B. 
 
70 
 
 Classics and Translations fkom the Classics — cont. 
 
 • M. Tullii Ciceronis de Republics quas supersuut, ex primaria 
 
 editione Aug. Mali. 8vo. Parisiis, 1823. Calf, ex., 
 gilt leaves. 
 
 " Selects Orationes, cura Westerhovii. Amst., 173<J. Old 
 
 citron mor., from the Lamoignon Library. 
 
 Cicero, Orations, by William Guthrie, Esq. 2d edition. Svo. 
 
 3 vols. London, 1745. 
 
 Familiar Letters, by William Melmoth, Esq. 2d edition. 
 
 Svo. 3 vols. London, 1772. Calf, ex. 
 
 . Cato and Lselius, or Essays on Old Age and Friendship, 
 
 with Remarks, by William Melmoth. A new edition. 
 Svo. 2 vols. London, 1785. Green mor., gilt 
 leaves, ex. 
 " Mr. Melmoth is certainly one of the best of the English translators. His transla- 
 tions of the Epistles of Cicero and of Pliny {see post) have all the ease of the 
 originals, while they present in general a very faithful transcript of the author's 
 sense." — (Tytler on Translation, 3d ed., pp. 54, 214.) 
 
 Epistles to Atticus, by W. Guthrie, Esq. Svo. 2 vols. 
 
 Loudon, 1752. 
 
 » G^uvres de, traduiten Frangois par MM. d'Olivet, Mont- 
 
 gault, Prevot, Bouhier, Barett, &c. 12mo. 26 vols 
 Paris, V.Y. Veau feuve, gilt leaves. 
 
 . La Republique, Traduction de, avec des Notes, par M. 
 
 Villemain. Svo. 2 vols. Paris, 1823. 
 
 ^Ye borrow from the learned M. Tennemann the following brief, but excellent 
 notice of Cicero and his philosophical works : — 
 
 "M. T. Ciccrou fut instruit, comme beaucoup d'autres jeunes Romains de bonne 
 famille, par des precepteurs grecs ; ensuite, afin de se former a I'eloqiience et a la 
 politique, il alia etudier ii Rhodes et a Athcues la philosophie grecque, principale- 
 ment celle des ecoles academique et sto'ique. II se livra avec ardeur a cette etude, 
 a laquelle il fut en partie redevable de ses succcs comme orateur, et de son influence 
 politique. Dans un age plus avance, lorsque sa carriere publique fut terminee par 
 la chute de la republique, il consacra ses loisirs, dans une intention toute patrio- 
 tique, a traiter des questions de philosophie, et s'effor(;a de transplanter sur le sol 
 romain les theories des Grecs; mais ses concitoyens lui en surent peu de gre. 
 Dans toutes les questions specidatives, il conserva la liberte et Timpartialite d'un 
 disciple de la uouvelle Academic, dont il suivit aussi la methode, quant a la forme 
 de ses ecrits ; dans les questions morales, il prefcra les austeres principes des 
 Sto'iciens, mais il ne laissa pas d'ailleurs de rendre justice a Platon, a Aristote, et ; 
 
 meme a Epicure pom- la regularite de sa vie. Ses ouvrages philosophiques, dans f 
 
 lesquels il imite surtout Platon, sont im precieux recueil de discussions interes- i 
 
 santes, et de jugemens lumineux sur les sujets les plus importans, par exemple, sur 
 Dieu, sur le souverain bien et les devoirs moraux, sur la destinee, la divination, sur ] 
 
 les lois, etc., etc. ; ils sont devenus une source d'instruction pour les siecles > 
 
 suivans, sans toutefois qu'on y puisse decouvrir beaucoup de profondeur. lis sont 
 aussi tres-importans pom- I'histoire de la philosophie, et peuvent etre d'un grand ' 
 
 secours pour former la langue technique de cette science." — (Tome i. 242.) 
 
 Barbeyrac refers as follows to the treatise De Officiis of Cicero : — "Get excellent 
 ouvrage, que tout le monde connoit, est sans contredit le meilleur traite de 
 morale que nous ayions de toute I'antiquite, le plus regulier, le plus methodique, ; 
 
 et celui qui approche le plus d'un systems plein et exact." — (Preface de Puffen- j 
 
 doi-ff, p. 99.) j 
 
 The public or political character of Cicero has been very differently estimated, i 
 
 according as it has been regarded from different points of view. It can hardly, r 
 
 however, be denied by any fair inquirer that he was sadly deficient in firmness j 
 
 and decision, and that his conduct was frequently vacillating and sometimes contra- 
 
71 
 
 Classics and Tkaxslatioxs i-uom the Classics — cont. 
 
 dictor)\ We beg, in further illustration of what is now stated, to borrow the 
 following passage from the able notice of Mr. Xiehol : — 
 " Cicero Manted the courage to lead, and leant first on one support, and then another, 
 which gave way beneath him. In turn the friend, the foe, and the dupe of almost 
 every successful aspirant to political eminence, he lost himself in oscillation 
 betMeen rival powers. He was born when the times were out of joint, when the 
 institutions, and laws, and government which he revered, which it had been the 
 pride of great Komans in past ages to maintain, were crumbling down ; and he 
 was not born to set them right. By birth, and sympathy, and choice allied to the 
 optimates, he could do nothing to uphold a cause which grew more hopeless every 
 year. We do not blame him that he failed to see his way amid so tangled a maze 
 of parties, opinions, and combinations; we only regret that the meaner part of his 
 ambition led him to act so weakly and so foolishly ; that self-interest made him 
 forget self-respect ; that the political dependant has cast a slur on the name of the 
 orator; and that the eloquence -which has immortiilised the innocence of Koscius 
 and the graces of Archias should have been polluted by the dictated defence of 
 men on whom he had heaped every term of abuse that a language prolific in such 
 terms woidd afford. We recoil from the patronage of Catiline volunteered by his 
 denouncer, from the panegyrics of Pompey, of Caesar, and of Ca;sar's assassins, in 
 close succession ; from the praises and the imprecations which were heaped on 
 Dolabella. Such were the sins of irresolution in an age when the first requisite 
 was to be resolute. When, as Goethe says, ' one had either to be anvil or ham- 
 mer,' CiEsar's choice was soon made, and Cicero's fate was soon fixed. A 
 morbid sensibility to the ' scrmo fwminuni,' — a lust of fame in its narrow sense, — a 
 passion to be called great took most from his greatness. ' Nothing would have 
 disgraced me more in the eyes of the world,' is his sole expressed reason for 
 rejecting an ignominious proposal. ' Give a grand account of my consulship, 
 even though you should go a little beyond the truth,' he writes to the historian 
 liucceius. Hence his desire to keep on good terms with all parties ; his misery 
 when they all deserted him. Like most men who have wrought for gratitude, he 
 missed that for which he wrought ; and*men forgot the grandeur of the year when 
 he crushed the foes and reconciled the friends of Kome, because he was so eager to 
 remind them of it. He was proud in prosperity ; in misfortune beyond measure 
 depressed. ' Constantia desideratur,' says Suetonius ; and Livj' sums up yet 
 more severely : — ' lie bore none of his misfortunes as a man should, except his 
 death.' But we cannot think of that death without thankfully remembering 
 the years which preceded it, in Avhich despair lent him a nobler courage, and, 
 relinquishing his hopes of glory, he made himself most truly glorious. Like the 
 sun, he set among clouds which he illumined in his fall. But at all periods of nis 
 career, the man, and not the politician, arrests our admiration. If he fell behind 
 the sterner virtues of his age, he had virtues of a gentler mould, which surpassed 
 the appreciation of those discordant times, and bring him into closer contact than 
 any other Boman with the spirit and the religion of modern I'-urope. His pure 
 domestic ties, the beauty of his friendships, and the refinement ■>{ his tastes, endear 
 hira to our hearts, while they reveal the warmth of his siTfjctx-.n and the grace of 
 his intellect. If he bore misfortune unlike a hero, lie »vis'.''.y employed the en- 
 forced leisure of retirement. Driven from the cares of public life, he built up, 
 like our own immortal Bacon, in his hours of solitude, some of the most enduring 
 monuments of his fame ; and while we look elsewhere for the original stores of 
 philosophic thought, the records of his pure and simple ethical teaching are a 
 source of comfort, even to those who live in the light of a clearer faith." — (Frag- 
 ments of Criticism, p. 180.) 
 
 Claudi Claudiani opera, notis var., curante Petro Burmanno Se- 
 
 cundo. 4to. Amst., 1760. Vellum, Prize copy. 
 
 ■ quae extant opera, cura Gesueri. 8vo. Lipsia;, 1759. 
 
 Russia. 
 
 Claudiau, the Works of, translated into English Verse by A. 
 
 Hawkins, Esq., F.H.S. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1817. Calf, ex. 
 Of the many surprising inventions of Archimedes, a machine, or orrery, represent- 
 ing the various motions of the heavenly bodies, has been reckoned one of tiie most 
 
Classics and Translations froji the Classics — cont. 
 
 extraordinary. It appears to have been enclosed in a sphere of glass, and such 
 was the ingenuity it displayed, that Cicero has not scrupled to say it was the 
 work of a divine hand (Tiisc. Disp. lib. i. c. ^5). Claudian's epigram on this 
 famous sphere has been much admired. The following translation of it does 
 but scant justice to the original : — 
 
 " AVhen in a glass's narrow space confin'd, 
 
 Jove saw the fabric of th' almighty mind, 
 
 lie smil'd, and said. Can mortal's art alone 
 
 Our heavenly labours mimic with their own ? 
 
 The Syracusan's brittle work contains 
 
 Th' eternal law, that through all nature reigns. 
 
 Fram'd by his art, see stai-s unnumber'd burn, 
 
 And in their courses rolling orbs return : 
 
 His sun through various signs describes the year ; 
 
 And every month his mimic moons appear. 
 
 Our rival's laws his little planets bind, 
 
 And iTile their motions with a human mind. 
 
 Salmoneus could our thunder imitate. 
 
 But Archimedes can a world create." 
 
 Columella of Husbandry, in Twelve Books. 4to. London, 
 
 1745. See Scriptores Rei Rusticfe. 
 Husbandry was the leading and favourite branch of industry carried on in the 
 Koman world, the basis, in fact, of the polity as well as of the subsistence of the 
 people. In this book Columella endeavours to do justice to the subject by 
 treating first of agriculture in general, and then of its different departments, 
 including the culture of corn and green crops, vines and trees, with the breeding 
 and fattening of cattle, poultry, and so forth. And in addition to its georgical 
 details, it communicates much curious infonnation, not elsewhere to be met with, in 
 regard to the internal life, or domestic economy and management, of the Eomau 
 families connected with or dependent on the land. It is, therefore, a work of 
 no ordinary value, for it has contributed more than any other to make us ac- 
 quainted not only with the husbandly, but also with the real condition of the 
 countrymen of CiEsar and Augustus. 
 
 Columella Avas a native of Cadiz in Spain ; but a great portion of his time 
 appears to have been spent in Italy and other parts of the empire. It is evident 
 from his references to Virgil, Celsus, and other authors, and from being himself 
 quoted by the elder Pliny, that he must have flourished during the first half of 
 the first century of the Christian sera. Though pure, his style is diffuse and 
 redundant. The translation appears to be well executed. It redounds to the 
 credit of Columella that he wrote a protest against astrology and astrologers. 
 Unluckily, however, it is no longer extant. 
 
 I Conciones et Orationes ex Historicis Latinis excerpta?. 12mo. 
 
 Amst., Elzevir, 1662. Old mor. ; from the Lamoignon Library. 
 
 • Cornelius Nepos de Vitis Excellentium Imperatorum, ex recensions 
 
 S. A. Philippe. 12mo. Barbou, Lut. Paris., 1745. 
 Mor., gilt. 
 
 ■ , notis var., curante Van Staveren. 8vo. Lug. Bat., 1773. 
 
 Russia, ex., gilt leaves. 
 Optima et nhidissima editio est, quae facta est ab A. V. Slavercn. — (Fabricii Bib. 
 Lat. Ernesti.) 
 
 , notis illustravit N. Courtin, in ustun Ser. Delphini. 4to. 
 
 Paris, 1675. Old mor. 
 
 Though short,* the Lives of Cornelius Nepos give a much better idea of the great 
 men whom he describes than might have been derived from a far more ample, 
 but less skilfully written volume. He excels in the difiicult art of abridging ; 
 
 ♦ The life of Atticus excepted. 
 
73 
 
 Classics axd Tkanslations kuom thk Classics — cont. 
 
 liaving the tact to set the distinguishing features of the eliaractcrs which lie 
 describes in a striking point of view, while he neglects those of an ordinary kind, 
 or such as are connnon to them with others. A\'e may say of him, wliat he says 
 of the inscriptions of Athens, r/.r crvdendum esse taritas res tarn brerilcr potitisse 
 dec la rari (in Attc. c. 18). There is an excellent article (ia French) on Cor- 
 nelius Nepos in Gibbon's Misc. Works, iv. pp. 416-421. 
 
 ■ Corpus Juris Civilis, cum uotis Dion. Golliofrcdi, ex rccens. Sim. 
 
 Van Leouweu. Folio. 2 vols. Amst. (Elzevir), 1G63. Veau 
 fauve, gilt leaves. Choice copy. 
 
 " Editio omnium hmc/e tiitidissima et acciiratissima." — (Bib. Ruddimanni.) 
 The Koman or Civil Law grew slowly up in the course of centuries with the progress 
 of the city. It Avas derived from very various sources, and after undergoing an 
 almost endless series of changes and modifications, it was ultimately reduced, 
 under the Emperor Justinian, into the different books which together form what 
 is called the Corpus Juris Civilis. The excellence of this system has been 
 affirmed in the strongest terms. Gravina asks, '' Quid enim est aliud Jus liomii- 
 tium, nisi ratio imperans et armata sapiejttia, sentcnticeque philosop/iorum in 
 Publica jussa cojiversaf" (Oratio de Jurisprudentia.) And it is generally 
 admitted that the laws regulating the civil condition of the citizens in relation to 
 each other are deserving of this eulogium, being, for the most part, consistent with 
 the leading principles of public utility. But it is far otherwise in regard to the rela- 
 tions between the citizens and their rulers. After the overthrow of the republican 
 government, the principles as well as the practice of despotism became triumphant. 
 The Lex lieyia was the law of the State, and the Emperor was, in fact, legtbus 
 solutus. And hence, in judging of the Koman law it is always necessary to 
 discriminate between its civil and political portions, the latter being as bad as the 
 other is excellent. 
 "VVe may add that the language of the Corpus Juris Civilis is, for the most part, terse 
 and pure. " It is remarkable," sa};s Hume, " that in the decline of Koman 
 learning, when the philosophers were universally infected with superstition and 
 sophistry, and the poets and historians with barbarism, the lawyers, who in other 
 countries are seldom models of science or politeness, were yet able, by the constant 
 study and close imitation of their predecessors, to maintain the same good sense 
 in their decisions and reasonings, and the same purity in their language and 
 expression." — (Hist. England, iii. 300.) 
 
 Demosthenes, the Orations of, by Thos. Leland, D.D. 2d edition. 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1770. Calf, ex. 
 
 CEuvrcs Completes de, et d'Eschine en Fran^ais, par M. 
 
 I'Abbe Auger. 8vo. 5 vols. Paris, ] 777. 
 
 Dietys Cretensis, Dares Phrygius, &c., de Bello Trojano, in usum 
 
 Delphini, notis var. 8vo. Amst., 1702. 
 ■ Diodori Siculi Bibliotheca Ilistorica, cum fragmentis et notis var. 
 
 ex recens. Pet. Wesselingii. Folio. 2 vols. Charta Magna. 
 
 Amst., 1746. Russia, gilt leaves. 
 ■ Diodore de Sicile, Bibliotheque Historique de, traduit du Grcc, 
 
 par A. F. ISIiot. 8vo. 7 vols. Paris, 1834. Uncut, half calf. 
 
 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the Roman Antiquities of, with Notes 
 
 and Dissertations, l)y Edward Spelman, Esq. 4to. 4 vols. 
 London, 1758. Calf, ex., ILayday. 
 An excellent translation. 
 
 Epictetus. Sec the word. 
 
 Des. Erasmi Colloquia, notis selectis variorum. 8vo. Delphis, 
 
 1729. 
 For a notice of Erasmus, see art. Jortin in this Catalogue. 
 
74 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 Euclidis quce suiiersuut omnia, ex recensione Davidis Gregorii, 
 
 M.D. ' Folio, CM. Oxonian, 1703. Calf, ex., fine. 
 The editio optima of the -works of Euclid. 
 
 Elementorum Libri priores sex, item undecimus et duo- 
 
 decimus, ex versione Latina Commaudini, a Roberto 
 Sirason, M.D, 4to. GlasgufB, 1756. Russia, ex. 
 
 The same Avork in English. 4to. Glas^gow, same year. 
 
 It is a remarkable fact in the historj- of science, that the oldest book of elementary- 
 geometry is still considered as the best, and that the writings of Euclid, at the 
 distance of 2,000 years, continue to form the most approved introduction to the 
 mathematical sciences. This remarkable distinction the Greek geometer owes 
 not only to the elegance and correctness of his demonstrations, but to an arrange- 
 ment most happily contrived for the purpose of instruction — advantages which, 
 ■when they reach a certain eminence, secure the -v\-orks of an author against the 
 injuries of time more effectually than even originality of invention. The Elements 
 of Euclid, ho-\vever, in passing through the hands of the ancient editors, during 
 the decline of science, had sutfered some diminution of their excellence, and much 
 skill and learning have been employed by the modern mathematicians to deliver 
 them from blemishes -which certainly did not enter into their original composition. 
 Of these mathematicians Dr. Simson, as he may be accounted the last, has also 
 been the most successful, and has left very little room for the ingenuity of future 
 editors to be exercised in, either by amending the text of Euclid or by improving 
 the translations from it. 
 
 " Dr. Simson's object -was to restore the writings of Euclid to their original perfec- 
 tion, and to give them to modern Europe as nearly as possible in the state wherein 
 they made their first appearance in ancient Greece. Eor this undertaking nobody 
 could be better qualified than Dr. Simson, who, to an accui-ate knowledge of the 
 learned languages, and an indefatigable spirit of research, added a profound skill 
 in the ancient geometry, and an admiration of it almost enthusiastic. Accordingly 
 he not only restored the text of Euclid, wherever it had been coiTupted, but in 
 some cases removed imperfections that probably belonged to the original work ; 
 though his extreme partiality for his author never permitted him to suppose that 
 such honour could fall to the share either of himself or of any other of the 
 moderns." — (Preface to Playfair's Elements of Geometry.) 
 
 Euripides, by Michael Wodhull, Esq. (Greek Tragic Theatre-) 
 
 4 vols. London, 1782. Calf, gilt. 
 
 Eutropii Breviarium Historiae Eomange, notis var. et Verheykii. 
 
 8vo. Lug. Bat., 1793. 
 " Eutrope a ecrit un abrege de I'histoire Romaine ; cet ouvrage fait connoitre 
 combien un abreviateur doit rassembler de qualites et de connoissances pour 
 reussir. Le choix qu'il fit de ce genre d'ecrire, n'etoit pas la ressource d'un 
 homme qui n'eut que du talent et de I'esprit; c'etoit le produit de son savoir qui 
 Otoit eminent, et de I'art avec Icquel il savoit reduire les objets, et bien peindre 
 les caracteres des personnages qu'il fait agir. II ecrit cet abrege pour instruire 
 I'empcreur Valens de I'histoire de I'empire, que ce prince ne connoissoit gucre. 
 II lui promet, dans la preface, de lui donner en pen de mots une suite chronolo- 
 gique des principaux evenemens arrives dans I'empire, soit par rapport au gou- 
 vernement civil, soit par rapport a la guerre, et d'y joindre les actions les plus 
 memorables des princes qui I'ont precede. H tint parole, et I'utilite qu'en 
 recueillit I'emperem-, sufSroit seule a I'apologie des abreges." — (Henault, Memoires 
 des Inscriptions, xxviii. 615.) 
 
 L. An. Flori Epitome Rerum Romanarum ex recens. J. G. GrjEvii, 
 
 cum notis variorum. Svo. 2vols.ini. Amstela^dami, 
 1702. Half mor,, uncut. From the Library of M. 
 Renouard. 
 
 Historiae Rerum Romanarum Epitome, curante Dukero. 
 
 Editio optima. Svo. Lug. Bat., 1722. 
 
75 
 
 Classics am> Tuaxslations from the Classics — voiit. 
 
 S. Julii Froiitiiii Strategematicon libri IV., not is var., ciirautc 
 
 F. Oiuk'iulorpio. 8vo. Lug. Bat., 1779. Mor., gilt. 
 
 Gellii (Aul.) Noctcs Atticic cum conimeutariis Oiselii, &c. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. Lug. Bat., 1666. Yeau t'auve, gilt leaves. 
 
 • TLe Attic Nights of Aiilus Gellius, translated into English by 
 
 the Kev. W. Bcloe, F.S.A. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1795. 
 This is a collection of notes and brief disqnisitions on a great variety of subjects, in 
 grammar, antiijuities, moral philosopliy, biography, &c., and tiiough some of them 
 are trifling, others are both curious and interesting. Aulus Uellius refers to 
 various authors of whom the works are no longer extant. Critics differ much in 
 their estimate of his merits as a writer, lie flourished in the second century, 
 under Adrian and Antoninus. 
 
 GcograpliiiB Veteris Scriptores Gra^ci. See Geography. 
 
 ■ ■ Ilerodoti TIalicarnassci Ilistoriarum lib. IX., Gr. ctLat., cum notis 
 
 Pet. Wcsselingii. Folio. Amst., 1763. Kussia, gilt leaves. 
 
 Ilerodote, traduit du Grec, avee des Notes et des Tables Chrono- 
 
 logiques. Geographiques, &c., par M. Larcher. Svo. 7 vols. 
 Paris, 1786. 
 
 Gibbon says of Larcher's translation : — " The version is clear and correct ; the notes 
 are learned and judicious ; and a scholar will only regret that Larcher has not 
 published an improved edition of the Greek text. Yet this is the man whom 
 Voltaire made the subject of his ridicule." — (Misc. AVorks, v. 587.) 
 
 Herodotus, the History of, translated by George Rawlinson, M.A., 
 
 assisted by ^ir Henry Rawlinson, K.C.B., and Sir J. G. Wil- 
 kinson, F.R.S., with Notes and Dissertations. 8vo. 4 vols. 
 London, 1857-60. 
 ■. Ilesiodi Ascraii Carmina qua9 extant, Gr. et Lat., ex rccens. 
 
 Tho. Robinson. 4to. Oxonii, 1737. Red mor., ex. 
 •' Ilesiod : The Remains of Hesiod, from the Greek, in English 
 
 Verse, with a Dissertation on the Life, Writings, &c. of Hesiod, 
 and Notes, by C. A. Elton. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1815. 
 » Historiie Augusta? Scriptores VI., notis integris Casauboni, Sal- 
 
 masii, &c. 8vo. 2 vols. Lug. Bat., 1671. 
 Gibbon says, with reference to the histories in these volumes, that " It is much better 
 to read this part of the Augustan Histoiy in the learned and exact compilation of 
 Tillemont {Histoire des Empereurs) than in the originals, which have neither 
 method, accuracy, eloquence, nor chronology. I think them below the worst 
 monkish chi'onicles we have extant." — (Misc. Works, v. 2G6.) 
 
 Homeri Opera, Gr. et Lat., cura et annotationibus Clarkii, 4to. 
 
 4 vols. Londini, 1729 et 1740. Russia, gilt. 
 
 Avec un esprit juste et un gout bien plus siir que celui de Barnes, Clarke sut 
 protiter avec un admirable discernement des travaux des editeurs ([ui Tavoient 
 precede ; et cette edition excellente est regardee comme un livre sans taches. 
 Aucune conjectiu'e, des notes judicieuses, un correction rigoureuse, une execution 
 magnifique, tout concourt a en faire un livi-e du mcrite le plus eminent, et aussi le 
 texte de cette edition a etc le modele de la plupart de celles qui Font suivie. II est 
 fonde sur ceux d'Estienne et de Barnes, avec quelques corrections de I'editeur. 
 L'Uiade fut reimprimce en 17.54, avec I'addition de scholies grecques omises dans 
 I'edition de 1729, mais avec moins d'elegance et beaucoup d'incorrcctions. II n'y 
 a de rOdysee que I'edition de 1740." — (Kenouard, Bib. d'un Amateur, ii. 140.) 
 
 — Homer, the Iliad and Odyssey of, by Alexander Pope, Esq. Svo. 
 11 vols. London, 1760. Blue mor., ex. 
 
76 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 Homer, with Notes, by Wakefield. 8vo. 11 vols. London, 
 
 1796. 
 Dr. Johnson, though not an ultra admirer of Pope, has said of this translation, 
 " It is certainly the noblest version of poetry which the world has ever seen ; 
 and its publication must be considered as one of the great events in the annals of 
 learning." — (Life of Pope. See, also, Pope in this Catalogue.) 
 
 , Quint. Horatii Flacci opera, cum notis atque emendationibus 
 
 Richardi Bentleii, cditio tertia. Amst., 1728. Calf, 
 gilt leaves. 
 A very superior copy of this famous edition. 
 
 . opera. 12mo. Foulis, Glasgua?, 1744. Red mor., Rog. 
 
 Payne. 
 This is an extremely fine copy of what is commonly, though incorrectly, called 
 the Editio Immaculata of Foulis' Horace. P*ut though not immaculate, it is very 
 correct, and being, also, very beautiful and very scarce, it brings an extremely 
 high price. The following edition is quite as well printed, and is about as correct, 
 but it is neither so scarce nor so dear. 
 
 . opera. Foulis, Glasg., 1750. Old Dutch mor. 
 
 . cui-a Joan. Hunter, LL.D. 12mo. 2 vols. Cupri 
 
 Fifanorum, 1813. CM. Calf, ex., H. 
 
 ., opera, cura Hawkey. 8vo. Dublini, J 745. C. M. 
 
 Calf, gilt, uncut. 
 Hawkey's editions of Horace, Virgil, and Terence are held in high estimation. They 
 are well printed, and are reckoned very correct. Large paper copies are much 
 sought after. The classic age of Dublin seems to have terminated with Mrs. 
 Grierson and Hawkey. Since then her presses have produced few or no classics, 
 except for schools. 
 
 opera omnia, commentariis selectissimis var. et scholiis 
 
 integris Johaunis Bond. 8vo. Lug. Bat., 1670. 
 
 asneis tabulis incidit Joannes Pine. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond., 
 
 1733-37. An early impression, with Post Est for 
 Potest, vol. ii. p. 108. Tall copy, red mor., gilt 
 leaves. 
 
 illustravit F. G. Doering. 8vo. Glasguaj, 1826. 
 
 . Poemata, recensuit Alex. Cuningamius. 8vo. Hag. Lom., 
 
 1724. C. M., uncut, Russia. 
 This copy once belonged to M. Eenouard, and has some plates inserted. Very rare. 
 . cura Valart. Svo. Paris, 1770. Red mor., ex. 
 
 Horatius (a Livie). 12mo. Baskerville, BirminghamisB, 1762. 
 
 Calf, gilt, yellow edges. 
 illustravit P. Sandby. Svo. 2 vols, Londini, 1749. 
 
 Large paper, red mor., H. 
 Horace, the Works of, in Verse, Avith the Latin Text, by the Rev. 
 
 Philip Francis. 3d edition. 4to. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1749. Blue mor., gilt. 
 
 The same. 5th edition. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1753. 
 
 The Odes of Horace translated into English Verse, with 
 
 a Life and Notes by Theodore Martin. Svo. 2d ed. 
 
 London, 1861. Mor., ex. 
 When referring to the translations of Horace, Dr. King observes :~" The truth is 
 the Odes of Horace never -were nor ever can be translated, so as to display the 
 
77 
 
 Classics and Tuanslations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 beauties of the original, which whoUj- consist in the language and expression. 
 In the thought or sentiment there is nothing extraordinary or more excellent 
 than what may be found in the poems of his contemporaries ; but the language 
 is inimitable, and I doubt whether the most learned critic of the Augustan age, 
 allowing him the best taste as well as judgment, could have mended a single 
 expression in any of the Odes, or even have changed one word for a better. This 
 is what Tetronius calls the curiosa frlicitas of Horace ; which two words are as 
 happily joined together as simplex mundiliis ; and these four words are, perhaps, 
 suthcient to characterise the poet, and express-the beauty of his style in his own 
 manner. I could never read the first stanza in the Carmen Scciiluie without fall- 
 ing into a fit of devotion, and yet when I read it in the best translation it does not 
 affect me. Thus, likewise, those beautiful odes Dunce grains cram, &c., and (^iiem 
 til, Melpomene, &c. (of which Scaliger said he would rather be the author than 
 King of Aragon), rendered into any modera language, do not seem to deserve an 
 hundredth part of the praise bestowed on the originals." — (King's Anecdotes, p. f)8.) 
 Perhaps had Dr. King seen the following translation of one of the Odes to which he 
 has referred, he might not have expressed himself so decidedly ; and though it were 
 less admirable, it would deserve attention fi-om its being the production of one 
 of our most distinguished statesmen and a first-rate orator : — 
 
 Horace axd Ltdi.v. 
 
 Horace. While I was dear to thee. 
 
 While with encircling arms 
 No youth preferred to me 
 
 Dared to profane thy bosom's snowy charms ; 
 I envied not, by thee adored. 
 The wealth, the bliss of Persia's lord. 
 Lydia. While all thy bosom glowed 
 
 With love for me alone ; 
 While Lydia there abode, • 
 
 Where Chloe now has fixed her hateful throne ; 
 Well pleased, our Roman Ilia's fame 
 I deemed eclipsed by Lydia's name. 
 Horace. 'Tis true, my captive heart 
 
 The fair-haired Chloe sways, 
 Skilled with transcendant art 
 
 To touch the lyre, and breathe harmonious lays ; 
 For her my life were gladly paid, 
 So heaven would spare my Cretan maid. 
 Lydia. INIy breast with fond desire 
 
 For youthful Calais burns ; 
 Touched with a mutual fire, 
 
 The son of Omithus my love returns ; 
 For him I'd doubly die with joy. 
 So heaven would spare my Thurian boy, 
 Horace. What, if the former chain 
 
 That we too rashly broke. 
 We yet should weave again, 
 
 And bow once more beneath th' accustomed yoke ? 
 If Cliloe's sway no more I own, 
 And Lydia fill the vacant throne ? 
 Lydia. 1 hough bright as morning star 
 
 Aly Calais' bi-aming brow ; 
 Though more inconstant far. 
 
 And easier chafed than Adria's billows thou : 
 With thee my life I'd gladly spend, 
 Content with thee that life to eud. 
 
 Earl of Derby. 
 
78 
 
 Classics and Translations froji the CLAssics~fo?«#. 
 
 Horace, the Avorks of, in Prose, Avith the Latin Text, and tlie 
 
 Ordo, by David Watson, M.A. Revised by Crakelt. A new 
 
 edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1792. 
 
 This is. a very valuable book, and the English notes of Dr. Watson are the best 
 commentary yet published on Horace. It contains a list of Dr. Douglas' 
 collection of all the editions of Horace that had been published in all parts of 
 Europe to his time ; -which, as they amounted to about 450, must have formed a 
 very considerable library.^(Harwood.) Horace was born 13. C. 60, and died CC. 8. 
 He was warmly patrooised by Maecenas, and, also, by Augustus. 
 
 — Isocrates, the Orations and Epistles of, by Jos. Dinsdale. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1852. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 ■ Oiuvres Completes, en Fraugois, par M. I'Abbe Anger. 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. Paris, 1781. 
 
 ■ flosephus : The Genuine Works of Flavins Josephus, the Jewish 
 
 Historian, from the Greek, with Notes, &c., by Wm. Whiston, 
 M.A. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1755. Dark blue mor., choice. 
 
 Justini Historiarnm libri XLIV. 12mo. Barbou, Parisiis, 1770. 
 
 Calf, gilt. 
 
 . HistoriiB Philippica?, not. var., cnra A. Gronovii. 8vo. 
 
 Lug. Bat., 1760. Rnssia, gilt leaves. 
 
 Justinian, the Institutions of, with Notes, by Geo. Harris, LL.D. 
 
 4to. London, 1761. 
 The Institutes were compiled by order of Justinian, to ser\-e as an introduction to 
 the Digest (or Pandects) and his other legal compilations, by exhibiting a sum- 
 mary view of the rules and principles embodied in them. They are brief, clear, 
 and well fitted to realise their object. ]\Ir. Butler says that the translation by 
 Harris " is excellent ; and that it is much to be lamented, that the preface is not 
 longer, and the notes more copious." — (Hora3 Jm'idicae Subsecivse, p. 71.) 
 
 D. Jun. Juvenalis Satyrarnm libri V., cura S. A.Philippe. 12mo. 
 
 Barbou, Parisiis, 1747. Old green mor. 
 
 Juvenalis et Persius, illustravit P. Sandby. 8vo. CantabrigiiB, 
 
 1763. Large paper, red mor., H. 
 
 Satyrae Interpretatione ac Notis illustravit, Lodovicus 
 
 Prateus in nsum Ser. Delphini. 4to. Dublinii, 1737. 
 An extremely well printed, correct, and scarce edition. 
 
 Satyrae, commentariis var. 8vo. Amst., 1684. Russia. 
 
 Juvenal, Satires de, traduites par M. Dusaulx. 2de edition. 8vo. 
 
 Paris, 1782. Olive mor., fine paper. In this state very rare. 
 
 A first-rate prose translation, with valuable notes, and an eloquent introductory 
 discoiu-se. 
 
 I Juvenal and Persius, the Satires of, translated into English Verse, 
 
 by W. Gilford. 3rd edit. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1817. Mor., ex. 
 
 Prefixed to this excellent translation is a very interesting notice of the early life of 
 the translator, who latterly became the well-known editor of the Quarterly Review. 
 It also contains a life of Juvenal and an Essay on the Koman satirists. "We borrow 
 from the latter the following translation of an extract fi'om the Discours sur les 
 Sityriques Latins of JI. Dusaulx : — 
 
 " Juvenal began his satiric career where the other finished, that is to say, he 
 did that for morals and liberty, which Horace had done for decorum and taste. 
 Disdaining artifice of every kind, he boldly raised his voice against the usurpation 
 of power; and incessantly recalled the memory of the glorious jera of independence 
 to those degenerate Komans, who had substituted suicide in the place of their 
 
79 
 
 Classics and Tuansi.atioxs from the Classics — cont. 
 
 ancient courage j and from the days of Augustus to those of Doniitian only avenged 
 their slavery by an epigram or a bon-mot. 
 
 " The characteristics of Juvenal were energy, passion, and indignation ; it is never- 
 theless easy to discover that he is sometimes more afflicted than exasperated. Ilia 
 great aim -vvas to alanii the vicious, and, if possible, to exterminate vice, which 
 had, as it were, acquired a legal establishment. A noble enterprise 1 but he wrote in 
 a detestable age, Mhen the laws of nature were publicly violated, and the love of 
 their country so completely eradicated from the breasts of his fellow-citizens, that, 
 brutified as they were by slavery and voluptuousness, by luxury and avarice, they 
 merited rather the severity of the executioner than the censor. 
 
 " Meanwhile the empire, shaken to its foundation, was rapidly crumbling to dust. 
 Despotism was consecrated by the senate; liberty, of which a few slaves were still 
 sensible, was nothing but an unmeaning word for the rest, which, unmeaning as it 
 was, they did not dare to pronounce in public. Men of rank were declared enemies 
 of the state for having praised their equals ; historians were condemned to the 
 cross ; philosopliy was proscribed, and its professors banished. Individuals felt 
 only for their own danger, which they too ofk'n averted by accusing others ; and 
 there were instances of children who denounced their own parents, and appeared as 
 witnesses against them ! It was not possible to weep for the proscribed, for 
 tears themselves became the object of proscription ; and when the tyrant of the 
 day had condemned the accused to banishment or death, the senate decreed that 
 he should be thanked for it, as for an act of singular favour. 
 
 " Juvenal, who looked upon an alliance of the agreeable with the odious as utterly 
 incompatible, contemned the feeble weapon of ridicule so familiar to his predecessor. 
 lie, therefore, seized the sword of satire, or, to speak more properlj-, fabricated one 
 for himself, and rushing from the palace to the tavern, and from the gates of liome 
 to the boundaries of the empire, struck, without distinction, whoever deviated 
 from the course of nature, or from the paths of honour. It is no longc r a poet like 
 Horace, fickle, pliant, and fortified with that indifference so falsely called 
 philosophical, who amused himself with bantering vice, or, at most, with upbraiding 
 a few eiTors of little consequence, in a st_\le, which scarcely raised above the 
 language of conversation, floMcd as indolence and pleasure directed ; but a stern 
 and incorruptible censor, an inflamed and impetuous poet, who sometimes rises with 
 liis subject to the noblest heights of tragedy." 
 
 Juvenal was bom about A.l). 38 or 40; the epoch of his death is unknown ; pro- 
 bably, however, he attained to 70 years of age or upwards. 
 
 In his Vanity of Human Wishes, Johnson has given an imitation of the Xth Satire 
 of Juvenal that transcends the original. The episodes of Sejanus and Hannibal 
 are excellent ; but they are, especially the first, less vigorous and effective than 
 those of Wolsey and Charles XII. 
 
 • Lactantii (L. G. S.) opera omnia, editio novissima (ac optima), cura 
 
 DutVei^iioy. 4to. 2 vols. Paris, 1748. Old calf. 
 
 Diogenes Laertius, de "Vitis, Dogmatibus, &c., Philosophorum, 
 
 libri X., Gr. et Lat. 8vo. Lipsiic, 1759. Kussia, ex. 
 
 'Titi Livii IlistorijB libri qui supersunt XXXV. supplemenlLs 
 
 Freinshemii, recensuit et notis illustravit J. B. L. 
 
 Crevier, 4to, 6 vols. Paris, 1735. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 " This edition contains a sensible life of the historian, a judicious selection of the be: t 
 
 remarks on his work, and displays as much intelligence as taste on the part of the 
 
 editor." — (Gibbon, Misc. Works, v. 315.) 
 
 IlistoritB qufe extant, notis Sigonii et J. F. Gronovii 
 
 cura Jac. Gronovii. 8vo. 3 vols. Amst., 1679. 
 
 Patavinii Ilistoriarum ab Urbe Condita lil>ri qui super.sunt 
 
 curante Ruddimanno. 12mo. 4 vols. Edinburgi, 1752. 
 Large paper ; Ijlue mor., ex. 
 ♦' Editio long^ emendatissima." — (Bib. Rud.) Harwood says, " I have read this 
 edition of Livy twice through, and it is one of the most accurate that ever was 
 published " (p. 336). 
 
80 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 Longinus on the Sublime, from the Greek, by William Smith, 
 
 A.M. 3d edition. 8vo. London, 1762. 
 
 For the translation by Boileau, see the latter. 
 
 M. Annsei Lucani Pharsalia, notis Grotii et Bentleii. 4to. 
 
 Strawberry Hill, 1761. Green mor., fine. 
 
 ■ notis var., curante Oudendorpio cum Supplemento Mail. 
 
 4to. Lug. Bat., 1728. Pale Russia. 
 
 " The principal merit of Lucan," says Blair, " consists in his sentiments, which are 
 generally noble and striking, and expressed in that glowing and ardent manner 
 •which peculiarly distinguishes him. Lucan is the most philosophical and the 
 most public-spirited poet of all antiquity. He was the nephew of the famous Seneca, 
 the philosopher, was himself a stoic, and the spirit of that philosophy breathes 
 throughout his poem. We must observe, too, that he is the only ancient epic poet 
 whom the subject of his poem really and deeply interested. Lucan recounted no 
 fiction. He was a Roman, and felt ail the direful effects of the Koman civil wars, 
 and of that severe despotism which succeeded the loss of liberty. His high and 
 bold spirit made him enter deeply into this subject, and kindle, on many occasions, 
 into real warmth. Hence he abounds in exclamations and apostrophes, which are 
 almost always well-timed, and supported with a vivacity and fire that do him no 
 small honour. 
 
 " His great fatilt is that he carries everything to an extreme. He knows not where 
 to stop. From an efibrt to aggrandize his objects, he becomes tumid and unnatural ; 
 and it frequently happens, that where the second line of one of his descriptions is 
 sublime, the third, in which he meant to rise still higher, is jjcrfect bombast. 
 Lucan lived in an age when the schools of the declaimers had begun to coiTupt 
 the eloquence and taste of Rome. He was not free from the infection ; and too 
 often, instead of showing the genius of the poet, befrays the spirit of the declaimer. 
 On the whole, however, he is an author of lively and original genius. His 
 sentiments are so high, and his fire, on occasions, so great, as to atone for many 
 of his defects, and passages may be produced from him which are inferior to none 
 in any poet whatever. 
 
 " Though Pompey is his professed hero, Cato is in truth Lucan's favourite character, 
 and wherever he introduces him he appears to rise above himself. Home of the 
 noblest and most conspicuous passages in the work are such as relate to Cato, 
 either speeches put into his mouth, or descriptions of his behaviour. His speech, 
 in particular, to Labienus, who urged him to inquire of the oracle of Jupiter 
 Amnion concerning the issue of the war (book ix. 564"), deserves to be remarked, 
 as equal for moral sublimity to anything that is to be found in all antiquity." 
 —(Blair iii. 245.) 
 
 Having engaged in a conspiracy against Nero, it is stated that Lucan, in a moment 
 of wi'akness and despair, attempted to save himself by compromising his mother. 
 But the bloodthirsty tyrant was not to be appeased, and Lucan was put to death, 
 A.D. 65, in the 27th year of his age. — (Taciti Annal. lib. xv. caps. 56-70.) 
 
 The Pharsalia of Lucan has been excluded from the Delphin edition of the classics. 
 No doubt it is indebted for this distinction — this " conspicuous absence " — to its 
 sfrong republican sentiments. 
 
 .— Lucanus de Bello Civili, cum Supplemento Mali, notis var,, 
 
 curante Schrevelio. 8vo. Amst., 1669. Very tall copy. 
 
 May's Supplement to Lucan, " Is not only," says Hallam, " a verj' spirited poem, 
 but in many places at least an excellent imitation. The versification, though it 
 frequently reminds us of his model, is somewhat more negligent. May seems 
 rarely to fall into Lucan's tumid extravagances, or to emulate his philosophical 
 grandeur ; but the narration is almost as impetuous and rapid, the images as 
 thronged ; and sometimes we have rather a happy imitation of the ingenious 
 sophisms Lucan is apt to employ. The death of Cato and that of Caesar are among 
 the passages well worthy of praise." — (Lit. of Europe, iii. 524.) 
 
81 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 Lucan, the Pharsalia of, iu verse, by Kowe. 3cl edition. 12ino. 
 
 2 vols. London, 17o3. 
 " The riiarsalia by Kowe is, on the -Nvhole, one of the best of the modurii transla- 
 tions of the classics. Thongh sometimes dilfuse and paraphrastical, it is in general 
 faithful to the sense of the original ; the language is animated ; the verse correct 
 and melodious ; and when we consider the extent of the work, it is not unjustly- 
 characterized by Dr. Johnson as ' one of the greatest productions of English 
 poetry.' " — (Tytler on Translation, p. 72.) 
 
 Lucretii (T. C.) do Natnra Rerum lihri VI., noti.s var., curante 
 
 Sigisbcrto Ilavercaiupo. 4to. 2 vols. Lug. Bat., 1725. 
 Mor., gilt leaves. 
 " This is one of the most capital editions of the classics that ever was published 
 in Holland, and is executed with great learning and industry." — (Plarwood.) 
 
 de Natura Kcrum libri VI., ex editione Croecliii. 4to. 
 
 Cilasgua-, Foulis, 1739. Beautifully pi'intcd. 
 
 de Natura Kerum, curante Sfeph. And. Philippe. 
 
 12mo. Barbou, Parisiis, 1748. Red mor., ex. 
 
 12mo. Foulis, Glasg., 1769. Yellow mor., ex, 
 
 ■ 12mo. Baskerville, Birminghamia^ 1773. Calf, gilt, 
 
 yellow edges. 
 In his work on Roman Classical Literature, Dr. Browne refers to Lucretius as fol- 
 lows, viz. : — 
 " The great beauty of the poetry of Lucretius is its variety. One might expect 
 sublimity in the philosopher who penetrates the secrets of the natural world, and 
 discloses to the eyes of man the hidden causes of its wonderful phenomena. His 
 object was a lofty one ; for, although the irrational absiu-dities of the national 
 creed drove him into the opposite evils of scepticism and unbelief, his aim was to 
 set the intellect tree from the trammels of superstition. But, besides grandeur 
 and sublimity, we find the totally different poetical qualities of softness and ten- 
 derness. Rome had long known nothing but war, and was now rent by that worst 
 and most demoralizing kind of war, civil dissension. Lucretius yearned for peace ; 
 and his prayer, that the fabled goddess of all that is beautiful in nature would heal 
 the wounds which discord had made, is distinguished by tenderness and pathos, 
 even more than by sublimity. The whole passage is superior to the poetrj- of 
 Ovid in force, although inferior in fiicility. His versification is not so smooth and 
 harmonious as that of Virgil, who flourished in a period when the language had 
 attained a higher degree of perfection, and the Roman ear was more educated, 
 and, therefore, more delicately attuned ; but it is never harsh and rugged, and 
 always falls upon the ear with a swelling and sonorous melody. Virgil appre- 
 ciated his excellence, and imitated, not only single expressions, but almost entire 
 verses and passages " (p. 219). 
 
 -Lucretius, in Prose, with the Latin Text, by Du Gucrnier. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1743. 
 
 In Blank Verse, with the Text, and Notes, Philological 
 
 and Explanatory, by John Mason Good. 4to. 2 vols. 
 London, 1805. Calf, ex. 
 This is a heavy and cumbrous work. The translation is sufficiently faithful, but it 
 is as prosaic as can well be imagined. It is preceded by a Life of Lucretius 
 (bom B.C. 95, died B.C. 52), to which is annexed an Appendix on the vicissitudes 
 of the philosophy of Epicurus. The notes, which are extensive, learned, and 
 elaborate, embody a vast deal of information, collected from a very wide range 
 of inquirj'. Sometimes, however, they might be dispensed with, and sometimes 
 they might be advantageously shortened. J3ut, on the whole, they are valuable, 
 and constitute, indeed, by much the best part of the work. 
 
 Tradotto dal Latino in Italiano da Alessandro I\Iarchetti. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. Amster., 1754. Olive mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 F 
 
82 
 
 Classics and I'ranslations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 • Ljsias and Isocrates, the Orations of, translated from the Greek, 
 
 ■with an Account of their Lives, and a Discourse on the History, 
 Manners, &c., of the Greeks, from the Peloponnesian War to 
 the Battle of Chteronea, by John Gillies, LL D. 4to. London, 
 1778. Russia. 
 
 • Macrobii opera, notis integris Gronovii, &c. 8vo. Lug. Bat., 
 
 1670. 
 
 M. Manilii Astronomicon, interpretatione ac notis illustravit in 
 
 usum Ser. Delphini Mich. Fay. 4to. Parisiis, 1679. 
 
 . ex recensione et cum notis Bentleii. 4to. Londini, 1789. 
 
 Russia. 
 
 traduit en Francois, avec des Notes et le Texte Latin, 
 
 par M. Pingre. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1786. 
 
 Manilius : The Astronomy of M. Manilius, from the Latin into 
 
 English Verse, by Thomas Creech. 8*vo. London, 1697. 
 
 Nothing definite is known either in regard to the author of this poem, or the time 
 ■when it -was -written. But it is most commonly supposed to belong to the 
 Augustan age. The poem deserves more attention than it has met with. It was 
 the fault of the age rather than of the author, that the dreams of astrology are 
 mixed up in his verses -with the truths of astronomy. Manilius belonged to the 
 sect of the Stoics ; and the best passages in his poem are those in which he 
 expatiates upon their sublime doctrines. 
 
 — Martialis (Val.) Epigrammata, interpretatione et notis Collesonis, 
 
 ad usum »Ser. Delphini. 4to. Parisiis, 1680. Russia. 
 
 recensuit Lud. Smids, M.D. ; cum numismatibus antiquis 
 
 a^ri incisis. 8vo. Amstelodami, 1701. Mor., ex., gilt 
 1 eaves. 
 
 Martial (Translations from) and the Moderns, by Andre-w Amos, 
 
 Esq. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1858. 
 
 Mythographi Latini, curante Munckero. 8vo. Amst., 1681. 
 
 Jul. Obsequentis de Prodigiis quaj supersunt, animadversionibus 
 
 Oudendorpii. 8vo. Lug. Bat., 1720. Russia, gilt. 
 
 Ocellus Lucanus de LTniversi Xatura, pars Physiea et pars 
 
 Politica. E GrjECO in Latinum transtulit, et Paraphrasi et 
 Commentario illustravit C. C. Vizzanius. 4to. Amstelodami 
 1661. Calf, gilt, ex. 
 
 Oppian's Halieuticks, or the Nature of Fishes and Fishing of tho 
 
 Ancients, in V. Books. From the Greek into English verse^ 
 by Messrs. Diaper and Jones, of Baliol College. 8vo. Oxford, 
 1722. Old mor. 
 Very well translated. 
 
 .— Opuscula Mythologica, Physiea, et Ethica, Gr. et Lat. 8vo. 
 
 Amst., 1688. Russia, gilt. 
 
 De Origine et Progressu Juris Civilis Romani Authores, et Frag- 
 
 menta Veterum Jurisconsultorum, notis Vinii et var., recensuit 
 S. Lee-wio, J. C. 8vo. Lug. Bat., 1672. Old mor. 
 
 . Pub. Ovidii Nasonis opera omnia, notis var., cura et studio 
 
 Pet. Burmanni. 4to. 4 vols. Amstelodami, 1727. Mor., ex., 
 Kalthoeber. 
 
 Harwood says, " This edition may justly be esteemed the chefd'cEuvre of Burman. 
 Jt is one of the noblest and correctest of the Dutch classics." 
 
83 
 
 Classics and Translations from tiik Classics — cont. 
 
 Pub. Ovidii Nasoiiis opera omnia, ciiin notis intcgris Ileinsli ct 
 
 8elocti^^sinlis alionnn. studio Cnippingii. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 Ainst., 1702. Old ivd iiior. 
 
 opera quie supersunt. 12mo. 3 vols. Barbou, Parisiis, 
 
 1793. Calf, gilt leaves. 
 
 This licentious but learned and admirable poet lived in the best society of Rome, and 
 had the honour to be on intimate terms with the family of Augustus. But 
 having grievously offended that prince, he -nas banished to Tomi on the -n-estem 
 shores of the Black Sea, not far fi-om the site of the modern Odessa, where he 
 passed the last ten years of his life. Despite his own abject and earnest supplications, 
 and those of his friends, he could not obtain any mitigation of the sentence passed 
 upon him. The cause of his banishment is not known ; but it may be safely 
 concluded that it was of a very grave character ; and it seems most probable that 
 it had originated in some proceeding on the part of the poet injuriously affecting 
 one or more of the femaK's connected with the household of the emperor. Ovid 
 was boi'n B.C. 43, and died at Tomi A.D. 18. 
 
 Oweni (Joaiinis) Epigrammata, editio correctissima. 12mo. 
 
 Badlia% 1766. Red raor. 
 
 Panegyrici Vcteres, notis var., cura Jacgeri. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 Norimberga?, 1779. 
 
 C. Veil. Patercnli Ilistoria? Ronianai libri IL, cura S. A. Philippe. 
 
 12mo. Barbou, Pavisiis, 1754. Alor., ex. 
 
 ■ Ilistoria Romaua, uotis var. Pet. Burmauno. 8vo. L. 
 
 Bat., 1719. 
 
 Henault refers as follows to Velleius Paterculus : — " Cet ecrivain trop pen vante 
 par des raisons etrangeres a son talent, cet ecrivain que je ne me las.se point de lire, 
 que par presentiment j'ai admire toute nvi vie, qui rc'unit tous les genres qui est 
 historien quoiqu'abreviateur ; qui, dans le plus petit espace, nous a con.serve un 
 grand nombre d'anecdotes qu'on ne trouve point ailleurs, qucedam hahet dit, 
 Vossius, qucE hand alibi inveiiias ; qui defend son lecteur de I'ennui d'un abrege, par 
 des reflexions coiu-tes, et qui sont comme le corollaire de chaque evenement ; dont 
 les portraits necessaires pour Tintelligence des faits sont tous en ornement ; enfin, 
 I'ecrivain le plus agreable que Ton puisse lire; et pour tout dire, le grand admi- 
 rateur d'Homere, mais surtout de Ciceron, quoique Ciceron ffit republicain, et que 
 Velleius fut passionne pour le parti monarchique. II a ecrit I'histoire Grecipie et 
 Romaine jusqu'a Tibere, sous lequel il vivoit, et qu'il auroit mieux fait de loner 
 moins." — (Memoires des Inscriptions, xxviii. 618.) 
 
 ■ Pausanias' Description of Greece, from the Greek, Avith Notes. 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. LondoD, 1794. Calf, gilt. 
 : Traduit en FranQois, avec des Remarques, par M. I'Abbe 
 
 Gedoyn. 4to. 2 vols. Paris, 1734. Orange mor. 
 
 Perse, Satires de, Traduction nouvelle, par M. I'Abbe Le 
 
 IMounier. 8vo. Pari.s, 1771. Veau fuuve, gilt leaves. 
 
 Per.sius, the Satyrs of, translated into English Prose, with the 
 
 Latin Text and Notes, by Thomas Sheridan, D.D. 
 12mo. London, 1739. 
 
 , the Satires of, with Notes, by Sir William Drumniond. 
 
 8vo. London, 1799. 
 " This is a work of great elegance ; spirited and poetical, and polished into a degree of 
 smoothness seldom attained." — (Gifford's Juvenal and Persius, ii., introd. p. 7.) 
 
 ■ . Pervigilium Veneris, notis variorum. 8vo. nagje-Comitum, 
 
 1712. Russia, ex. 
 
 f2 
 
84 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 Petrouii (Titi) Satyricon; accedunt Lusus in Priapum, Pervigilium 
 
 Veneris, notis variorum et Hadrianidis. 8vo. Amste- 
 lodami, 1669. Blue mor. 
 
 The same edition having annexed to it, Integrum T. Petronii Arbitri Fragmentum 
 ex antique Codice Traguriensi Eomse exscriptum ; cum Apologia Marini 
 Statilii, I.LT.D. Ed. 2nda. 8vo. Amst., 1671. Red mor., gilt, and all but uncut. 
 
 It was at first supposed by many that this fi-agment, found at Trau, in Dalmatia, in 
 1663, was a forgery ; but for a lengthened period its genuineness seems to be 
 generally admitted. Such, however, has not been the case with another fragment, 
 said to have been found at Belgrade in 1688; all critics having agreed in con- 
 sidering it as spurious. 
 
 Arbitri Satyricon qu?e supersunt, notis var., curante 
 
 P. Bunnanno. 4to. Traj. ad Rlienum, 1709. 
 
 Petrone, traduit en Francois, avec le Texte Latin. Isouvelle 
 
 edition. 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1713. Veau fauve. 
 
 Phaedi'i Aug. Liberti Fabularum JEsopiarum libri Y., commen- 
 
 tariis diversorum, cura P. Burmanni. 8vo. Hag£e- 
 
 Com., 1718. Mor. 
 ^ Fabularum ^sopiarum libri V., curante Hoogstrateno, 
 
 figuris. 4to. Amstelod., 1701. Fine plates. Green 
 
 mor., Derome. 
 Pindar, the Odes of, in Verse, by Abraham Moore, Esq. Royal 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1822. Scarce. 
 The Odes of, from the Greek, by Gilbert West, LL.D. ; 
 
 with a Dissertation on the Olympic Games. 4to. 
 
 London, 1749. Old calf, gilt, fine. 
 The same Work, in post 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1766. 
 
 Plauti (M. A.) Comoedia% ex editione Joh. Fred. Grouovii. 12mo. 
 
 3 vols. Foulis, Glasguaj, 1763. Beautifully printed, 
 
 mor., uncut. 
 Comoedi^e, notis var., ex recensione Gronovii. 8vo. 
 
 Amst., 1684. 
 Comoedioe quae supersunt. 12mo. 3 vols. Barbou, 
 
 Parisiis, 1759. 
 
 • Plautus, the Plays of, in Blank Verse, with Notes, by Bonnel 
 
 Thornton, Esq. 8vo. 5 vols. London. 
 
 Though less polished and chaste than Terence, Plautus has more originality, vigour, 
 and force. " The manner in which he treats his characters is one of singular 
 boldness and freedom : they are Greeks, and yet speak and act entirely like 
 Eomans ; theii' manners and situations always remind us of Rome, and this is 
 not an accident, but it is evidently the spirit and design of the poet that this 
 impression should be made, for he knew well that the nearer he brought his 
 characters to those of his audience the greater would be the efi'ect produced ; thus 
 Alcmena, in his 'Amphitruo,' is a faithful picture of a Roman matron. Phi- 
 lemon, Diphilus, and Antiphon seem to have been his principal models in single 
 pieces, for some of their plays bore the same or similar titles as some of those of 
 Plautus ; others of his plays seem to have had nothing analogous in Greek literature, 
 and may, therefore, be considered as entirely original. Plautus tells us that he 
 set most value on the ' Epidicus ;' and Cicero says that he was, also, particularly 
 partial to the ' Pseudolus ' and the ' Truculentus.' But although he has impressed 
 upon all his plays the stamp of his peculiar genius, still there is not one which, 
 in comparison to the rest, does not appear new and striking." — (Knight's Biogra- 
 phical Dictionary, art. Plautus.) 
 
85 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — eont. 
 
 Crasius, in his Lives of the Latin Poets, institutes the following coniparisoa 
 between riautus and Terence : — " Plautus's sentences have a peculiar smartness in 
 them that conveys the tlionght with clearness, and strikes the imagination 
 strongly, so that the mind listens with attention, and retains it with pleasure. 
 This makes his dialogue more interesting, though less laboured, than that of 
 Terence. In short, I'lautus is more gay, Terence more chaste. The first has 
 more genius and fire, the latter more manners and solidity. IMautus excels in 
 low conu'dy and ridicule, Terence in drawing just characters and maintaining 
 them to the last. Their plots are both artful, but Terence's are more apt to 
 languish, whilst Plautus's spirit maintains the action with vigour. His invention 
 was greatest, Terence's art and management. Plautus gives the stronger, Terence 
 the more elegant delight. I'lautus appears the better comedian of the two, and 
 Terence the finer poet. The former has more compass and variety, the latter more 
 regularity and truth in his characters. Plautus shone most on the stage, Terence 
 pleases best in the closet. ^len of a refined taste would prefer Terence ; I'lautus 
 diverted both patrician and plebeian." — (Lives of the Ivomuu Poets, ii. 227, 
 edit. 17.53.) 
 
 Plato, the T?cpul)lic of, from the Greek, by II. Spens, D.D. 4to. 
 
 Foulis, Glasgow, 1763. 
 
 Trau.slations from the Works of, by Floyer Sydenham. 
 
 4to. 2 vols. Loudon, 1767, &c. 
 
 Les Dialogues de, traduit en Fran9ois, par M. Grou. 
 
 12mo. 2 vols. Amst., 1770. 
 Tennemann notices Plato as follows : — " Platon, ne a Athenes en 4.30 on 429 avant 
 Ch. ol}Tnp. 87, 3me on 4me annee, fils d'Ariston et de Perictione, de la race de 
 Codrus et de Solon, avait re^u de la nature des talens tminens pour la poisie et la 
 philosophic. Socrate le dc'termina ii suivre cette derniere vocation. I^a carricre 
 politique, pour laquelle il avait en d'abord beaucoup de penchant, lui deplut de 
 jour en jom* davantage ii cau.se des revolutions de son temps, de la licence di'mo- 
 cratique, et de la decadence des nioeurs.' Ses talens furent heureusement cultivi's 
 par son activite laborieuse, par ses travaux en poc'sie et en mathcmatiques, par 
 beaucoup de voyages, particulierement en Italie et en Sicile, enfin par ses rapports 
 habituels avec les esprits les plus distingui's d'Athenes, surtout avec Socrate, dont 
 11 suivit les entreticns pendant huit annee.s, et avec les I'ythagoriciens de la Grande- 
 Grt'ce. Ainsi se forma ce grand et puissant philosophe, unique peut-rtre pour 
 lY'tendue et la profondeur de ses vues, et I'exposition toute vivante de ses doctrines 
 en mc'me temps que par son caractere, il se pla^a dignement ii cote de Socrate. 
 II fonda dans I'Acadc'mie une ecole philosophique, qui, pendant longtemps, fut une 
 pc'pinicre d'hommes vertueux et de penseurs cminens. Platon niourut dans 
 I'ohTnpiade 108, 1, 348 ans avant J. C." — (Manuel de I'Histoire de la Philosophic 
 i. 160.) 
 
 Pliuii Historia Naturalis, notis var., curante J. F. Gronovio. 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. Amst., 1669. Calf, gilt. 
 ■ Historias Naturalis libri XXXVIL, iuterpretatione et 
 
 notis illustravit Joan. Harduiuus, c Soc. Jesu, in usum 
 
 Ser. Delphiui. Folio. 3 vols. Parisiis, 1723. CM. 
 
 Russia, gilt. 
 Historian Naturalis libri XXXVIL, illustravit Gab. Brotier. 
 
 12mo. 6 vols. Barbou, Parisii.s, 1779. Mor., ex. 
 This -work embraces such an immense range and diversity of subjects that it has 
 been said to be the encycIopa;dia of antiquity. It is the result of great research 
 and industry, and contains an almost endless variety of information. But it wa.s 
 not to be supposed that any single individual, however various his acquirements, 
 should be conversant with all the arts and sciences, and be able to bring so great 
 an undertaking to a satisfactory termination. He often, in truth, treats of subjects 
 of which he knew little or nothing. And when such is the case neither the facta 
 laid before the reader nor the inferences deduced from them are entitled to much 
 
Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 ■weight. He is also said to have sometimes mistaken the sense of the authors to 
 ■whom he referred ; and to have ascribed to one thing what really belonged to 
 another. It is needless, however, to enlarge on this subject. The greatest 
 naturalist of modei'n times — the illustrious Cuvier — has contributed a life of I'liny 
 to the Biographie Universelle, in which he gives a brief, yet comprehensive, and 
 masterly account of the Historia Naturalis. And to it ■we beg to refer the reader 
 for a fair and impartial estimate of the principal merits and defects of that great 
 ■B'ork. 
 Pliny lost his life A.D. 79, in the dreadful eruption of Vesuvius, ■which destroyed the 
 cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii. The younger Pliny has given an interesting 
 account of the event. — See Letters, book vi., No. 16. 
 
 Pliny : Plistoire Naturelle de Pline, traduite en Francois, avec le 
 
 Texte Latin, accompaguee des Notes, &c. 4to. 12 vols. Paris, 
 1771. 
 
 Plinii (C.) EpistoljB, notis var. et animadversionibus Cortii et 
 
 Longolii. 4to. Amst., 1734. 
 Plinii (Caii Sec.) Panegyricus, notis var. et Arntzenii. Amst., 
 
 1758. Uniform, orange mor., from the Lamoignon 
 
 Library. 
 Panegyricus, cum notis var. et Baudii. 8vo. Trajecti ad 
 
 Rlienum, 1675. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 Epistolo3 libri X., notis var. et Veenhuseni. 8vo. Amst., 
 
 1669. 
 The Letters of Pliny the Consul, -with occasional Remarks 
 
 by William Melmoth, Esq. 8th edition. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1786. Calf, ex. 
 The Translator of Pliny's Letters Vindicated from the 
 
 Objections of Jacob Bryant, Esq., in his Remarks 
 
 respecting Trajan's Persecution of the Christians in 
 
 Bithynia, by William Melmoth, Esq. 8vo. London, 
 
 1794. 
 
 The younger Pliny's ■works consist, to use the -words of Dr. Bro-wne, " of a PanegjTic 
 on Trajan and a collection of Letters in ten books. The Panegyric is a piece of 
 com-tly flattery, for the fulsomeness of ■which the only defence ■which can be made 
 is the cringing and fa-wning manners of his times. It ■was -written and delivered 
 in the year in -which he was Consul (a.d. 100). The Letters are very valuable, 
 not only for the insight which they give into his own character, but also into the man- 
 ners and modes of thought of his illustrious contemporaries, as well as the politics of 
 the day. Many of them bear evident marks of having been expressly intended for 
 publication. This, of course, detracts from their value as fresh and truthfiil ex- 
 -ponents of the writer's thoughts, which all letters ought to be ; but for liveliness, 
 descriptive power, elegance, and simplicity of style, they are scarcely inferior to 
 those of Cicero, whom he evidently took for his model." — (Roman Literature, 
 p. 529.) 
 
 But we cannot help thinking that Dr. Browne's censure of the Panegyric is much 
 too severe. Admitting that its publication was in bad taste, and that it is ex- 
 aggerated, still there can be no doubt that it is substantially true. And the tran- 
 scendant merits of Trajan, especially when contrasted with the atrocities of the 
 greater number of the emperors by whom he had been preceded, go far entirely 
 to excuse Pliny for the adulation in which he indulges. 
 
 Trajan was proverbially the best of the Roman emperors. It was customary after 
 his time for the Senate, at the accession of a new emperor, to wish that he might 
 be more fortunate (fdiclor) than Augustus and better {melior) than Trajan. — (Eutrop. 
 lib. viii. c. 3.) 
 
 " When," says the historian Dion, " Trajan mounted the throne, he was strong in 
 body, he was vigorous in mind ; age had impaired none of his faculties ; he was 
 
Classics axu Tuanslations fuom the Ci-assics — cont. 
 
 altogether free from envy and from detraction; he lionoured all the good and he 
 advanced them, and on this account they could not be the objects of his fear or 
 of his hate; he never listened to informers ; he gave not way to his anger; he 
 abstained equally from unfair exactions and unjust punishments ; he had rather bo 
 loved a-i a man than honoured as a sovereign ; he was atlable with his people, 
 respectful to the ISenate, and universally beloved by both ; he inspired none 
 with dread but the enemies of his country." — (Trans, in Lord Broughton's 
 Italy, ii. 89.) 
 
 The 10th Book of the Letters is by far the most interesting ; for it consists of 
 those addressed by Pliny, in his capacity of Procurator of Bithynia, to the 
 Emperor Trajan, with the answers or rescripts of the latter. They are highly 
 creditable to both parties, and do especial honour to the good sense, good taste, 
 and liberality of the Emperor. Of the letters the most celebrated is that in 
 which I'liny informs Trajan of the conduct which he pursued in dealing with 
 Christians, or with those accused or suspected of being Christians, and refers 
 to him for instructions. It was written a. d. 104, about 40 years after the death 
 of St. Paul ; and is most interesting from the authentic evidence it afi'ords of the 
 extent to which Christian doctrines had then made their way, and of the light in 
 which they were regarded by the most intelligent Romans. The Rescript of 
 Trajan is as follows : — 
 
 The method you have pursued, my dear Pliny, in the proceedings against those 
 Christians which were brought before you is extremely proper, as it is not 
 possible to lay down any fixed rule by which to act in all cases of this nature. 
 But I would not have you ojficiously enter into any inquiries concerning them. 
 If, indeed, they should "be brought before you, and the crime should be proved, 
 they mu>t be punished; with this restriction, however, that where the party 
 denies he is a Christian, and shall make it evident he is not by invoking our 
 Gods, let him (notwithstanding any former suspicion) be pardoned upon his 
 repentance. Informations without the accuser's name subscribed ought not to be 
 received in prosecutions of any sort, as it is introducing a very dangerous pre- 
 cedent, and by no means agreeable to tlie equity of my government." 
 
 There was nothing intolerant in the character of Trajan. And the persecution, 
 if so it may be called, to which the Christians were exposed during his reign, was 
 merely the result of an attempt to subject them to existing regulations, and espe- 
 cially to make them hold their meetings, which ti-equently took place during the 
 night {ante lucent), at a more convenient hour, and under the sanction of authority. 
 The Romans entertained the strongest dislike to nocturnal a.ssemblies, which not 
 unfrequently, indeed, consisted of profligate and dangerous characters. They had 
 been forbidden, under severe penalties, in all periods of their history. And 
 seeing that the Christians were eagerly attached to these very questionable asso- 
 ciations, it cannot be pretended with any show of reason that in enforcing the 
 laws against them, Trajan was countenancing a persecution. {See for farther 
 information on this subject, Irving's Introduction to the Study of the Civil Law, 
 4th ed., p. 119, and Melmoth's tract referred to above, pa.ssim.) 
 
 Plutarch, the Lives of, from the Greek, with Notes Critical and 
 
 Historical, by Me.Sf<r.s. John and William Langhorne. 3d edi- 
 tion. 8vo. 6 voLs. London, 1778. 
 
 Poeta3 Latini Minores, quce notis veteribus ac no vis illustravit 
 
 X. E. Lemaire. 8vo. 8 vols. Parisiis. 1824. 
 
 • Poetae Latini Minores, noti.s var,, curante Petro Burmanno. 4to. 
 
 2 vols. Leidas 1731. Vellum. 
 
 Poetai Latini Rei Yenaticai Scriptores et Bucolioi Antiqui, notia 
 
 var., curante G. Kemphero. 4to. Lug. Bat. et Ihigm Comitum, 
 1728. 
 
 . Polvfenu.s's Stratagems of War ; translated from the original 
 
 Greek, by R. Shepherd, F.R.S. 4to. London, 1793. Calf, ex. 
 
88 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 Polybius, the General History of, from the Greek, by the Rev. 
 
 James Ilamptou. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1772-73. 
 " The English translator has preserved the admirable sense, and improved the coarse 
 style of his Arcadian original." — (Gibbon, IMisc. Works, v. 588.) 
 
 Pomponii Melee de Situ Orbis libri III. notis var., edente Schotto. 
 
 8vo. Lug. Bat., 1782. Russia. 
 
 Aur. Prudentii dementis oj^era, interpretatione et notis illustravit 
 
 Steph. Chamillard, S. Jesu, in. usum Ser. Delphini. 4to. 
 Parisiis, 1687. 
 
 Pythagoreans, Hierocles upon the Golden Verses of the, from the 
 
 Greek, (by the Rev. M. Norris,) with a Preface, &c. New 
 edition. 12mo. Foulis, GlasgOAv, 1751. 
 . Quint. Curtii Rufi Alexander Magnus, commentariis Sam. Pitisci. 
 
 8vo. Traj. ad Rhenum, 1693. 
 
 . Q. Curtius Rufus de Rebus Gestis Alexandri Magni, cum Supple- 
 
 mentis Freinshemii et notis var., curaute Henrico 
 Snakenburg. 4to. Delphis et Lug. Bat., 1724. 
 " Snakenburg has approved himself in this work to be a very able and judicious 
 critic." — (Harwood.) 
 
 de Rebus Gestis Alex. Magni. 12mo. Barbou, Parisiis, 
 
 1757. Mor., ex. 
 
 Quint. Ennii Fragmenta qufe extant, notis var., cura Fr. Hesselii. 
 
 4to. Amst., 1707. Calf gilt, Kalthoeber. 
 
 M. Fabii Quintiliani quffi extant opera, notis var., ex recens. Pet. 
 
 Burmanui. Large paper. 4to. 4 vols. Lug. Bat., 1720. Old 
 red mor., gilt leaves, 
 
 Quintilian's Institutes, by J. Patsall, A.M. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1774. Russia. 
 
 '■'■ Of all the ancient writers on the subject of oratory, the most instructive and most 
 useful is Quinctilian. I know few books which abound more with good sense, and 
 discover a greater degree of just and accurate taste, than Quinctilian's Institutions. 
 Almost all the principles of good criticism are to be found in them. He has 
 digested into excellent order all the ancient ideas concerning rhetoric, and is, at 
 the same time, himself an eloquent writer. Though some parts of his work con- 
 tain too much of the technical and artificial system then in vogue, and for that 
 reason may be thought dry and tedious, yet I would not advise the omitting to 
 read any part of his Institutions. To pleaders at the bar, even these technical 
 parts may prove of some use. Seldom has any person of more sound and distinct 
 judgment than Quinctilian applied himself to the study of the art of oratory." 
 —(Blair, ii. 446.) 
 
 The translation by Patsall is very well executed. 
 
 , Rei Agrariae Auctores, cura Goesii et Rigaltii. 4to. Amst., 1674. 
 
 Caii Crispi Sallustii qute extant opera, notis var., curante Gotlieb 
 
 Cortio. 4to. Venetiis, 1737. 
 opera, qure extant omnia, cura H. Homeri, Svo. Lon- 
 
 dini, 1789. C. M. Red mor., gilt leaves. 
 qute extant opera. 12mo. Barbou, Parisiis, 1774, 
 
 Mor., fine. 
 , opera quae extant, interpretatione ac notis illustravit in 
 
 usum Delphini, Dan. Crispinus. 4to. Parisiis, 1674. 
 
 Red mor., Derome, ruled with red lines. 
 
89 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 ■ Sallustius et Florus. 12mo. Baskerville, BirniingluimiiV!, 1774. 
 
 Call", gilt, yellow cilges. 
 
 Srtlliisto, k's llistoiirs do, traduites en Fran9ois, par M. Boauzee. 
 
 Post 8vo. Paris, (Barbou,) 1770. Orange mor. 
 
 Sallust, the Works of, translated into English, Avith Notes, and 
 
 a Kcvie-w of Konian History, hy William Cooke, M.A. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1746. Mor., ex. 
 The extant works of Sallust comprise accounts of two interesting episodes in the 
 history of Rome, the Catilinarian and .Tugurthine wars, with some fragments of a 
 work on the contemporary history of the Commonwealth. The former are very 
 interesting. Without entering into any greater detail than is necessary to make 
 his statements understood, his narrative is rapid, and the great results, ahout 
 which only the reader is anxions, are set clearly before him. The style is concise 
 and compact, many things being hinted at rather than expresssed, while the 
 characters are drawn with a truth, terseness, and vigour that are perhaps un- 
 equalled. The great defect in the writings of Sallust is his affected philosophy 
 and his hypocritical attacks upon the unscrupulous pursuit of wealth and power 
 that was then so prevalent. AVe say hypocritical, for he was himself notorious for 
 most part of the vices he so severely censures in others. Having been appointed by 
 C;psar to the government of Numidia he managed so as to accumulate a very large 
 fortune, upon which he subsequently lived in luxurious indulgence while he 
 declaimed in praise of poverty and virtue. It is probable that we owe the history 
 of the Jugurthine war to his residence in the province where it -was carried on 
 having made him familiar with the events and localities of the contest. 
 
 Scriptorcs Rei Rusticas, notis var., curante J. G. Schneider. 8vo. 
 
 9 parts, in 4 vols. Lipsiae, 1794-97. Fine paper, mor., gilt 
 leaves. 
 The gift of my highly esteemed friend, the late Mr. Oliver, of Lochend, one of the 
 most intelligent and skilful of Scotch ftirniers. 
 
 Scriptores Veteres de Re Militari, notis Stewechii et aliorum. 
 
 Svo. 2 vols. Vesaliaj Clivorum (Weser), 1670. Russia, gilt. 
 
 Commentaires sur les Institutions Militaires de Vegece (avec un 
 
 traduction), par M. le Comte Turpin de Crisse. 2de edit. 
 
 4to. 2 vols. Paris, 1783. 
 VegetiuR, the principal writer in this collection, has left a treatise, in five books, on 
 the formation, discipline, and management of the military force of the Romans. 
 It was written so late as the reign of Valentinian II. ; and was derived, as the 
 author tells us, De universis auctorihus, qui rei mililaris dixcipli/iam Uteris man- 
 daverunt (lib. i. c. 28). Hence it would be to no purpose to look into it for 
 authentic information with regard to the constitution of the Roman anny at 
 particular periods. And that, indeed, was not necessary to the object Vegetius 
 had in view, which was to show to his contemporr.rics the leading principles in 
 the organization of those armies which had conquered the civilized world ; and 
 by reverting to whicli they might expect to recover their former ascendency. In 
 doing this he is believed to have occasionally mixed up some of his own views 
 with those deduced from the records of former times. But, on the whole, the 
 work is one of verj- considerable value and interest. It has been well translated, 
 and ably commented upon, by M. Turpin de Crisse. 
 
 ■ Senecae (L. Annsei) Tragoediaj, notis Gronovii et select, aliorum. 
 
 Arast., 1682. 
 quae extant opera Philosophica, notis variorum. Svo. 
 
 3 vols. Amst., 1672. Red mor., gilt leaves. 
 . ■ eadem, cum notis Gronovii. 12mo. 4 vols. Lugduni 
 
 Bat. (Elzevir), 1649. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 opera selccta Philosophica, 12nio. BarVjou, Parisiis, 1790. 
 
90 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cojit. 
 
 Seneca : The Epistles of Lucius Aunaeus Seneca, witli large 
 
 Annotations, by Thomas Morell, D.D. 4to. 2 vols, in 1. 
 London, 1786. Russia. 
 
 Seneca was a professed, if not a practical, Stoic, and his works are largely impreg- 
 nated with the peculiar doctrines of the Portico. Many, indeed, of his precepts 
 are admirable ; and his writings generally discover an elevated moral tone. 
 Unluckily, however, they are written in an exaggerated antithetical style. 
 Hence he is regarded by Quintilian (Instit. lib. x. c. 1) and other critics, as a 
 principal corrupter of the public taste and purity of the Latin language. 
 
 Seneca was first tutor and then minister of Nero, whose vices were probably to be 
 ascribed rather to constitutional and incorrigible depravity than to any neglect or 
 misconduct on the part of his preceptor. Nevertheless there are some sus- 
 picious circumstances in the intercourse between these parties. It continued only 
 for some six or seven years, and yet Seneca was so enriched dm-ing that short 
 period by the gifts of his pupil and master as to be able to indulge in the 
 luxury of magnificent houses, gardens, and so forth. He has been accused of 
 inciting Nero to the murder of his mother, Agrippina, who had been his bene- 
 factress. And though this gross imputation be, probably, without foundation, there 
 can be no doubt that he was aware of the meditated crime before it was consum- 
 mated, and that he wrote the letter of apology for the parricide addressed by 
 IS'^ero to the senate. As might have been expected, this base subserviency failed to 
 secure the continued countenance of the tyrant. He began to covet the riches he 
 had confen-ed on Seneca ; and the latter, to avert worse consequences, begged to be 
 permitted to surrender his wealth to the donor. But this was refused, and Nero 
 detennined to accomplish his purpose by other means. The conspiracy of Piso 
 furnished him with an opportunity, of wliich he was not slow to avail himself ; 
 for Seneca having been accused, whether justly or not has been questioned, of 
 being privy to the plot, was found guilty, and ordered to put himself to death. 
 This he did with the resolution of a stoic, but in a rather pompous and theatrical 
 manner, A D. 68, when he was supposed to be about 70 or 71 years of age. 
 
 Sext. Aurel. Victoris Historian Eomanai Breviarium, notis var. et 
 
 Sam. Pitisci. 8vo. Traj. ad Ehenum, 1676. 
 
 Sibyllixa Oracula. See Sibylline Oracles. 
 
 C. Silii Italici Puuica (H. Homero). 12mo. 2 vols. Londini, 1792. 
 
 Italici Punicorum libri XVII. , notis var., curante Arnoldo 
 
 Drakenborch. 4to. Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1717. 
 
 The younger Pliny gives the following interesting, though, perhaps, too favourable 
 account of Silius Italicus : — 
 
 " I am just now infonned that Silius Italicus has starved himself to death, at his 
 villa near Naples. Having been aflBicted with a cancerous humour, which was 
 deemed incurable, he grew weary of life, under such painful circumstances, and 
 therefore put an end to it, with the most detennined courage. He had been 
 extremely fortunate through the whole course of his days, excepting only the loss 
 of his younger son ; however, that was made up to him in the satisfaction of 
 seeing his eldest, who is of a more amiable character, attain the consular dignity, 
 and of leaving him in a very flourishing situation. He suffered in his reputation 
 in the time of Nero, having been suspected of being concerned in some of the 
 informations which were carried on in the reign of that prince ; but he made use 
 of his interest with Vitellius, with great discretion and humanity. He acquired 
 much honoiu- by his administration of the government of Asia ; and by his 
 approved conduct, after his retirement from public business, cleared his character 
 from that stain which his former intrigues had thrown upon it. He lived as a 
 private nobleman, without power, and consequently without en\y. Though he 
 frequently was confined to his bed, and always to his chamber, yet he was highly 
 respected, and much visited ; not with an interested view, but merely on account 
 of his merit. He employed his time between conversing with men of letters, and 
 composing verses ; which he sometimes recited, in order to try the opinion of the 
 public : but he discovered in them more industry than genius. In the decline of 
 
91 
 
 Classics and Tuanslatioxs fuom thi: Classics — conf. 
 
 his years he entirelj' quitted Uome, and lived altogether in Campania, from 
 ■whence even the accession of the new emperor could not draw liim : a circum- 
 stance which I mention as well to the honour of the prince, who was not dis- 
 pleased with his taking that liberty, as of Iialicus, who was not afraid to make 
 use of it. He was reproached witli induljjing his taste for the fine arts at an 
 immoderate expense. He had several villas in the same province, and the last 
 purchase was always the chief favourite, to the neglect of all the rest. They 
 were furnished Mith large collections of books, statues, and pictures, which he 
 more than enjoyed, he even adored ; particularly the statue of Virgil, of whom he 
 was so passionate an admirer, that he celebrated the anniversary of that poet's 
 birth-day with more solemnity than his own ; especially at Naples, where he used 
 to approach his tomb with as much reverence as if it had been a temple. In this 
 state of tranquillity he lived to the seventy-fifth year of his age, with a delicate 
 rather than a sickly constitution. As he was the last person upon whom Nero 
 confen-ed the consular office (that prince being killed during his consulship), so 
 he was the last also that survived of all those who had been raised by him to that 
 dignity." — (Epist. book iii. letter 7.) 
 
 Soiihocles, by Thomas Franklin, D.D., with a Di.ssertation 
 
 ou the Ancient Greek Tragedy. (Greek Tragic Theatre.) 
 London, 1793. Calf, gilt. 
 
 P. P. Statii opera quas snpersunt, notis selectissimis, cura Veen- 
 
 huseni. 8vo. Lug. Bat., 1671. Mor., fine. 
 The gift of my friend Mr. Toovey, the facile princeps of the dealers in old books. 
 
 Statins, the Thebaid of, in English Verse, by W. L. Lewis. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. Oxford, 1767. 
 
 • Strabo : Geographic dc Strabon, traduit du Grec en Fran9ais, 
 
 avec des Notes de Coray, &c. 4to. 5 vols. Paris, 1805, &c. 
 Half mor., uncut. 
 
 " I have always been an admirer of Strabo's good sense, and variety of knowledge. 
 Antiquity has left us more brilliant perfonuances than his ; but I know of none 
 more solid and more useful." — (Gibbon, i\Iisc. Works, v. 445.) 
 
 Caii Suetonii Tranquilli opera, comraentariis S. Pitisci et notis 
 
 selectis aliorum. Svo. 2 vols. Traj. ad Rhenum, 1690. 
 
 opera, commentariis Samuelis Pitisci, &c. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 Leovardia?, 1714. Mor., ex. 
 
 Taciti (C. Cornelii) opera qusc extant, ex recensione et cum 
 
 animadversionibus T. Ryckii. 8vo. 3 vols. Grier.son, 
 Dublinii, 1730. Large and thick paper, old red mor. 
 
 Dr. Harwood says of this edition, " I have read it twice through, and it is one of 
 the best edited works ever delivered to the world. Mrs. Grierson was a lady pos- 
 sessed of singular erudition, and had an elegance of taste and solidity of judgment 
 which justly rendered her one of the most wonderful as well as amiable of her sex." 
 
 Eenouard appears to think that the gallantry of Harwood has led him to exaggerate 
 the merits of ]Mrs. Grierson. Such, however, does not really appear to be the case; 
 the statement of Harwood being fully borne out by the notice of Mrs. Grierson in 
 Gilbert's History of Dublin (ii. pp. 1.55-160). Renouard, indeed, admits that this 
 edition of Tacitus is tics estimable; adding, that it is dc toute rarctc en tjrand 
 papier (iv. 99). 
 
 quae extant opera, reccnsuit J. N. Lallemand. 12mo. 
 
 3 vols. Barbou, Parisiis, 1760. Mor., ex. 
 
 opera, noti.s, dissertationibus, &c., illiistravit Gab. Brotier. 
 
 4to. 4 vols. Parisiis, 1771. Red mor. 
 A very fine copy of one of the best and most complete editions of this great classic. 
 The gift of my old and excellent friend, Mr. Gibson Craig, of Edinburgh. 
 
Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 , Taciti(C. Cornelii) opera, iliustravit Gabriel Brotier. 12mo. 7 vols. 
 
 Parisiis, 1776. Red mor. 
 
 Same ed., uncut. Blue mor. 
 
 " Throughout all his works Tacitus shows the hand of a master. As he is profound 
 in reflection, so he is striking in description, and pathetic in sentiment. The 
 philosopher, the poet, and the historian all meet in him. Though the period of 
 which he writes may be reckoned unfortunate for an historian, he has niade it 
 afford us many interesting exhibitions of human nature. The relations which he 
 gives of the deaths of several eminent personages are as affecting as the deepest 
 tragedies. He paints whh a glowing pencil, and possesses, beyond all writers, the 
 talent of painting not to the imagination merely, but to the heart." — (Blair.) 
 
 Tacitus, the Works of, translated into English, with an Essay on 
 
 his Life and Genius, Notes, Supplements, &c., by Arthur 
 Murphy, Esq. 8vo., double columns. London, 1832. 
 The able author of the Hfe of Tacitus in Knighfs Cyclopsedia of Biography, says of 
 this work,— "The English version of Mm-phy, which first appeared in 1793, is 
 loose, diffuse, and feeble, and hardly expresses the meaning of the original ; as a 
 work of art, being a translation of a work which is above all other historical works 
 characterised by its art, it is contemptible." 
 
 , Tacite : Tibere, ou les six premiers Livres des Annales de Tacite, 
 
 traduits par M. I'Abbe de la Bletterie. 3 vols. Paris, 1768. 
 Mor., ex. 
 This book was printed at the expense of the French Government, and hence its 
 superior elegance. The text of Tacitus being given at the end in a smaller type than 
 the translation, gave occasion to an epigram of Voltaire. Daunou calls this transla- 
 tion penible et rampante (Cours de I'Histoire, xix. 577). 
 
 Terentii (Pub.) Comoedia? sex, iuterpretatione et notis iliustravit 
 
 Nic. Camus, J.U.D., ad usum Scr. Delphiui. 4to. 
 
 Parisiis, 1675. Old red mor. 
 ComoedijB, cura Hawkey. 8vo. Dubliuii, 1745. Large 
 
 paper, uncut. 
 .. Comoediaj, ad Fidem optimorum, editionum express£E. 
 
 12mo. Edinburgi, 1758. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 " This edition was purposely published for the Prize offered by the University of 
 Edinburgh, and obtained it. It is an immaculate edition." — (Harwood, p. 289.) 
 
 Pub. Terentii Comoedios VI., cum iuterpretatione Donati et 
 
 Calphurnii, recensuit A. H. Westerhovius. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Haga3-Comitum, 1732. Uncut, half morocco, Tliouvenin. 
 
 Terentius. 12mo. Baskerville, Birminghamite, 1772. Plates by 
 
 Gravelot. Red mor. Derome, fine. 
 
 , iliustravit P. Sandby. 8vo. 2 vols. Londini, 1751. 
 
 Large paper, red mor., H. 
 " Than Terence, nothing can be more delicate, more polished, and elegant. His style 
 is a model of the purest and most graceful Latinity. His dialogue is always decent 
 and correct ; and he possesses, beyond most writers, the art of relating with that 
 beautiful picturesque simplicity, which never fails to please. His moralitj- is, in 
 general, unexceptionable. The situations which he introduces are often tender 
 and interesting ; and many of his sentiments touch the heart. If he fails in any- 
 thing it is in sprightliness and strength. Both in his characters and in his plots 
 there is too much sameness and uniformity throughout all his plays ; he copied 
 Menander, and is said not to have equalled him. In order to form a perfect comic 
 author, an union would be requisite of the spirit and fire of Plautus with the grace 
 and correctness of Terence." — (Blair, iii. 344.) 
 
93 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 Terence, the Comedies of, in Familiar Blank Verse, by Goorgo 
 
 Colman. 2tl edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 17(58. 
 "Mr. Colman has published a translation of Terence in familiar blank verse, in which 
 he has succeeded extremely well. lie has seldom mistaken the sense of his author, 
 and ha.s fi-cquently attained to his poli.shed case of style and manner. The notes, 
 which have been judiciously selected from former commentators, with some obser- 
 vations of his owu, form a valuable part of the work." — (Uunlop's Koman Litera- 
 ture, ii. 561.) 
 
 In Prose, witli the Ori<;inal Latin, and Notes, hy Samnel 
 
 Patrick, LL.D. 3d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1767. 
 This edition belongs to the same class as "Watson's Horace, and is not less useful. 
 
 Traduit en Francois, avee le Texte Latin et des Notes 
 
 par M. le Monnier. 8vo. . 3 vols. Paris, 1771. 
 
 Le Theatre des Grccs, par "M. Briimoy. 4to. 3 vols. Paris, 
 
 1730. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 Theocriti opera quaj extant, Gr. Svo. Glasgua;, Foulis, 1746. 
 
 Old red nior. 
 
 Theocritus, the Idyllia, Epigrams, and Fragments of, with those of 
 
 Bion and Moschus, and the Elegies of Tyrtajus, by the 
 Rev. Ivichard Pohvhele. 2d edition. Svo. 2 vols. 
 Bath, 1792. 
 
 , the Idylliums of, l)y F. Fawkes, M.A. Svo. London, 
 
 1767. Large paper. Calf, ex. 
 
 Theophraste, Caracteres de, traduits du Grec, par M. de la 
 
 Bruyere. Svo. 2 vols. Paris, 1790. Mor., ex. 
 
 • ' Thucydidis de Bello Peloponuesiaco libri VIII., Gr. et Lat., cu- 
 
 rante C. A. Dukero. Foli<i. Amst., 1731. Russia, gilt leaves. 
 
 . Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War, from the Greek, 
 
 by W. Smith, M.A. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1753. Large 
 paper, Russia, ex. 
 
 TibuUus, the Elegies of, and the Poems of Sulpicia, in English 
 
 Verse, with the Latin Text and Notes, by James Grainger, 
 M.D. 12mo. 2 vols. London, 1759, 
 
 Tryphiodorus' Destruction of Troy, from the Greek, with Notes, 
 
 by J. Merrick. Svo. Oxford, 1739. Calf, ex., II. & B. 
 
 Tyrtajus, Spartan Lessons, or the Praise of Valour by, Greek and 
 
 English. 4to. Foulis, Glasgow, 1759. Uncut, mor., beauti- 
 fully printed. Very scarce. 
 ■ Caii Valerii Flacci Argonauticon liljri VII., notis Carrionis et 
 
 alior,, curante Pet. Burmanno. 4to. Leida^, 1724. 
 
 Argonauticon libri VIII., cum commentariis var., edidit 
 
 N. E. Lemaire. Svo. 2 vols. Parisiis, 1824. Calf, 
 gilt. 
 The poem of Valerius Flaccus is imitated and in part translated from the 
 Greek poem of Apollonius Khodius, on the same subject. Quintilian, who speaks 
 favourably of its merits, says that literature sustained a severe loss in the early 
 death of its author. According to Dr. Browne, " The defects of the Argonautica 
 are rather of a negative than a positive character. There are no glaring faults 
 or blemishes ; none of the affectation or rhetorical artifices which belong to 
 the period of the decline. There may be a little occasional hardness, and a few 
 awkward expressions and paraphrases, but there is no bombast to outrage good 
 taste, and no unmetrical cadences to offend the ear. But there is no genius, no 
 inspiration, no thrilling fervour, no thoughts that breathe or words that burn, lie 
 
94< 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics— co??i. 
 
 never rises above a dead level. Everjthing is in accordance with decent and 
 correct propriety. He has some talent as a descriptive poet ; his versification is 
 hai-monious, and he attains to those superficial excellences which are found in the 
 prize poem of a painstaking, ingenious, and well-educated scholar. lie is scarcely 
 ever original except when he is commonplace ; he imitates Virgil successfully, as 
 far as the outward graces of stjle are concerned ; but in the charai of natural 
 simplicity, he always falls short of his great original." — (Roman Classical Lite- 
 rature, p. 467.) 
 
 • Valerii Maximi Faetorum Dictorumque Memorabilium libri IX., 
 
 notis var., curaute A. Torrenio. 4to. Leidff, 1726. 
 This is a collection of memorable sayings and actions, partly derived from native 
 (Roman) and partly fi'om foreign sources. They embrace all manner of subjects, 
 and have but little order in their aiTangement. They appear to have been in- 
 tended to illustrate the beauty and advantage of a stedfast adlierence to virtuous 
 principles, by examples drawn fi-om the history of Eome and other countries. 
 ^\nd it has been alleged that the wish to make the examples effective has some- 
 times led the compiler to modify the nan-ative to suit his purposes, so that no 
 great dependence can be safely placed on the facts he has accumulated, unless 
 when they happen to be corroborated by other authorities. The book appears to 
 have been written during the reign of Tiberius. The sfyle, which is declamatory, 
 antithetical, and obscure, was said, by Erasmus, to bear the same relation to that of 
 Cicero that a mule bears to a man ! 
 
 Vegetius. See Scriptores Veteres de Re Militari. 
 
 Pub. Virgilii Marouis opera, notis variorum et Burmaunorum. 
 
 4to. 4 vols. Amst., 1746. C.IM. Mor., Bradel. 
 
 . . interpretatione et notis illustravit Car. Ruteus, S. Jesu, 
 
 ad usum Ser. Delphini. Editio secuuda. 4to. Parisiis, 
 1682. Mor., gilt edges, C. Lewis. 
 
 . opera, notis var., et Enimenessii cum indice Erythrjei. 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. Lugd. Batavorum, 1680, Red mor., gilt 
 leaves, Derome. 
 
 , opera, ex editione Hevniana, accedit Index Maittairianus. 
 
 8vo. Londini, 1830. Calf gilt. 
 
 Interpretatione et Notis Rujei, ad nsum Ser. Delpliini. 
 
 8vo. Hag. Comitum, 1723. Vellum. 
 
 . opera, ad optimorum exemplarium ordine recensita. 12mo. 
 
 2 vols, in one. Edinburgi, 1755. Olive mor. 
 
 . Another copy in 2 vols. 
 
 This edition is beautifully printed, and is extremely correct. It ranks with the 
 Terence of 1758, and the Sallust of 1755 of the same printers. 
 
 ..^ oi^era, ex editione Pet. Burmanni. Post 8vo. Foulis, 
 
 GlasgujE, 1758. An extremely fine specimen of print- 
 ing. Large and thick paper, uncut. Mor., ex. 
 Verj' rare in this state. The gift of Mr. Gibson Craig. 
 
 . ex recensione Alex. Cuninghamii Scoti, cujus emenda- 
 
 tiones subjiciuntur. Editiouem curavit, pra^fationemque 
 addidit Jo. Clericus, M.D. 12mo. Edinburgi, 1743. 
 
 ,. Ad Lectiones probatiores diligenter emendata et Inter- 
 
 punctione nova scepius illustrata, cura Joan. Hunter, 
 LL.D. 8vo. 2 vols. Charta maxima. Andreapoli, 
 1799. Russia, ex. 
 
 . , illustravit P. Sandby. 8vo. 2 vols. Londini, 1750. 
 
 Large paper red mor., H. 
 
95 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — vout. 
 
 Virgil, the Works of, by Dryden, corrected hy Carey. 8vo. 
 
 3 vols. London, 1803. Rnssiii, marhled leaves. 
 In English Verse, -with the Text ; the -/Eneid by Chris- 
 topher Pitt, the I^clognes and Georgics by the Rev. 
 Jos. Wartou, with Notes, &c. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 
 1753. 
 The same. 12ino. 4 vols. London, 1763. 
 The Bucolics and Georgics, in Prose, Avith Notes, he, 
 bv John Marty n, F.R.S. 4to. 2 vols. London, 
 1741-1749. 
 Same Work, 2d edition. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1749. 
 The Georgics, in Verse, -with Notes, by W. Sotheby, 
 Esq., F.R.S. 2d edition. 8vo. London,'l81o. Calf, ex. 
 " A work of very high merit, and by far the best translation that has yet appeared 
 
 of the Georgics." — (Tytler on Translation, p. 44.) 
 The questionable character of the Hero is the grand defect of the vEneid. .^neas 
 has no great or splendid virtues or accomplishments, nothing to interest, or con- 
 ciliate the respect or esteem of the reader. On the contrary, he has much to 
 excite aversion. Having abandoned his wife in the sack of Troy, he enters into 
 an intrigue with an African princess, by whom he had been hospitably entertained. 
 Her he also abandons ; and terminates his career by engaging in an unprovoked 
 attack upon an Italian prince, of unsullied reputation, whom he undeservedly suc- 
 ceeds in stripping of his States, his bride, and his life. To his other vices he 
 adds that of hypocrisy, endeavouring to conceal his profligacy under the mask of 
 sanctity, and proclaiming every now and then that he is the " plus iKneas." 
 Despite the art of the poet, this conduct di.sgusts all classes of readers, and makes 
 them uniformly take part with Turnus. 
 Virgil was born B.C. 70, and died B.C. 19. He is said to have written, shortly 
 before his death, the following lines foi>an epitaph : — 
 
 " jVfantua mo genuit; Calabri rapuere ; tenet nunc 
 Parthenope.; cecini pascua, rura, duces." 
 
 31. Vitruvii PoUionis de Architectura libri X., cum not is diver- 
 
 sorum, cuntnte Jo. de Laot. Folio, Elzevir. Amst., 1649. 
 
 Vitruvius (M.P.), the Architecture of, in ten books, translated from 
 
 the Latin, by Joseph Gwilt, F.S.A. Imp. 8vo. London, 1826. 
 
 Xenophon, the Works of, translated into Engli.-jh by Spelman, 
 
 Cooper, Smith, Fielding, &c. 8vo., double columns. 
 London, 1832. 
 
 • The Expedition of Cyrus into Persia, and the Retreat of 
 
 the 10,000 Greeks, from the Greek of Xenophon, Avith 
 Critical and Historical Notes, by Edward Si)elman, 
 Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1776. Calf, ex. 
 
 " One of the most accurate and elegant pro.se translations that any language has pro- 
 duced. It is enriched with many notes, and Forster's Geographical Dissertation." 
 — (Gibbon's Misc. Works, v. 587.) 
 
 Cyropaedia, or the Institution of Cyrus, by Xenophon, 
 
 from the Greek, by the Hon. Maurice Ashley. 4th 
 edition. London, 1778. Calf, ex. 
 
 This work contains what is probably one of the earliest, as it certainly is one of the best 
 illustrations that has ever been given of the advantages resulting from the division 
 of labour, or of employments. Xenophon accounts as follows for the excellence of 
 the dishes at the table of the great king. 
 
 " For as other arts are wrought up in great cities to a greater degree of perfection, in 
 the same manner are the meats that come frora'the king dressed in greater perfection. 
 
96 
 
 Classics and Translations from the Classics — cont. 
 
 For in little cities the same people make both the frame of a couch, a door, a plough, 
 and a table ; and frequently the same person is a builder too, and very well satisfied 
 he is, if he meet with customers enough to maintain him. It is impossible, there- 
 fore, for a man that makes a great many difierent things to do them all well. 
 But in great cities, because there are multitudes that want every particular thing, 
 one art alone is sufficient for the maintenance of every one. And frequently, not 
 an entire one neither ; but one man makes shoes for men, another for women. 
 Sometimes it happens, that one gets a maintenance by sewing shoes together, 
 another by cutting them out ; one by cutting cloths only ; and another, without doing 
 any of these thiugs, is maintained by fitting together the pieces so cut out. He, 
 therefore, that deals in a business that lies within a little compass, must of necessity 
 do it the best. The case is the same with respect to the business of a table ; for he 
 that has the same man to cover and adorn the frame of a couch, to set out the 
 table, to knead the dough, to dress the several different meats, must necessarily, 
 in my opinion, fare in each particular as it happens. But whei'e it is business 
 enough for one man to boil meat, for another to roast it ; for one to boil fish, 
 and for another to broil it ; where it is business enough for one man to make bread, 
 and that not of every sort neither, but that it is enough for him to furnish one 
 sort good, each man, in my opinion, must, of necessity, work up the things that 
 are thus made to a very great perfection. He, therefore, by this kind of manage- 
 ment, greatly exceeded all other people in this sort of courtship, by presents of 
 meat" (p. 378). 
 This is a very remarkable passage, and shows that the division of labour had been 
 extensively introduced, well understood, and fully appreciated when it was 
 written. 
 
 ■ Xenophon : Tlie History of the Affairs of Greece, by the Trans- 
 lator of Thucydides (W. Smith, M.A.) 4to. London, 1770. 
 Calf, ex. 
 Clavier : Histoire des Premiers Temps de la Grece, depuis Inachus 
 jusqu'a la Chute des Pisistratides. par M. Clavier. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 
 1809. 
 Cleghorn : Ancient and Modern Art, Historical and Critical, by George 
 Cleghorn, Esq, 2d edition. 12mo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1848. 
 
 Cleirac. See Maritime Law, &c., Works on, and Money, Works on. 
 Cleland : Annals of Glasgow, comprising an Account of the Public 
 
 Buildings, Charities, and of the Rise and Progress of the City, by James 
 
 Cleland. 8vo. 2 vols. Glasgow, 1816. 
 
 Clement : Histoire de la Vie et de I'Administration de Colbert, par M. P. 
 Clement. 8vo. Paris, 1846. Calf, ex. 
 
 Portraits Historiques. 8vo. Paris, 1855. 
 
 Clinton : An Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, 
 by H. F. Clinton, Esq., M.A. 8vo. Oxford, 1850. Calf, ex. 
 
 Cluverii (Phil.) : Introductio in Geographiam tarn Veterem quam 
 Novam, curante Bruzeu de la Martiniere. 4to. Amst., 1729. 
 Old calf. 
 
 Geographia Antiqua, viz. : — 
 
 Italia. Folio. 2 vols. Lugd. Bat., 1624. "1 ^^ .„ 
 
 Sicilia, Sardinia, et Corsica. Folio. Lugd. I tI^^ .°™.',, 
 
 Bat., 1619. ■ \ Russia, gdt 
 Germania. Folio. Lugd. Bat., 1616. 
 
 leaves. 
 
 Gibbon made a careful study of these works, especially of that which refers to Italy. 
 He says it had supplied him with much usefiU knowledge that would not easily be 
 
Ci.uvEini — co7i(. 
 
 forgotten. " lie (Cluvcrius) hns a prodigious mass of materials. In speaking of 
 the meanest village, all the learning of anticpiity and of the middle ages oeciirs to 
 his memory ; and a passage is not more coneealod from liis keen eye in a legend 
 of the country than if it stood at the head of the -rl-'neid. Throughout his autho- 
 rities are produced, and sifted, and compared with each othtr, and the result of the 
 comparison is not always to their honoui-." — (Misc. Works, v. 420.) 
 
 Coal Tkapk, Tracts on : — 
 
 rade, by~| 
 
 edition, 
 
 1. The present State of the Carrying Tart of the Coal Trade 
 Nathaniel Aitchison, 1802. 
 
 2. A Treatise on the Coal Trade, by Kobert Edington. 2d v.v. , ■ 
 
 1814. > V..V,. . ,VM. 
 
 3. A Treatise on the Abuses on the Coal Trade. 2d edition, 1817. | 
 
 4. Observations on the Duty of Sea-borne Coal, 1831. J 
 
 1. General View of the Coal Ti-ade of Scotland, by Robert Eald,^ 
 
 Civil Engineer, 1808. I 
 
 2. Observations on the Proposed Duties on the Exportation of Coals, 
 
 1S42. \ 8vo. I vol. 
 
 3. Report from Messrs. Lyell and Faraday on the Explosion at the 
 
 Haswell Collieries, 1844. | 
 
 4. Observations on the Duty on Sea-borne Coal, 1831. J 
 
 CoCKCUKX : Life of LordJefFrey, with a Selection from his Correspondcnct^ 
 by Lord (Henry) Cockburu. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinlnirgh, 18o2. 
 Presented by tl:e Publisher, my worthy friend, Adam Black, Esq. Calf, ex., uncut, 
 with Autograph Notes of Jeffrey and Cockbum. 
 
 Memorials of his Time, by Henry (Lord) Cockburn. Bvo. Edin- 
 burgh, 1856. Calf, ex., uncut. 
 
 These books have many things in common. They are principally occupied with 
 sketches of Edinburgh society, and <Jf eminent individuals belonging to that 
 cit)-, chiefly those connected with the Court of Session. Their principal value 
 consists, however, in the information which they afford with respect to the 
 growth and progress of liberal opinions in Scotland, and the overthrow of the 
 Dundas dynasty. " The Life of Jeffrey," notwithstanding the statements are in 
 some respects exaggerated, gives, on the whole, a just representation of that most 
 excellent person. But it is weighed down by a mass of letters mostlj' of a very 
 common-place character, and illustrative merely of the honliumie of the writer. 
 
 Jeffrey was extremely well-infi)rnied, able, ingenious, versatile, copious, and brilliant. 
 He expressed himself on the commonest topics in the best and the most appropriate 
 terms. Conversation, indeed, was hia forte ; and in it he was superior to Macaulay, 
 who was too much given to soliloquy, and even to iMackintosh. He had a bad 
 and apparently affected manner ; but in reality no one could be more sincere and 
 less affected. He was open handed, his word was sacred, and he was hospitable in 
 the extreme. The dinners at Craigcrook, his villa near Edinburgh, were ii-cquent, 
 and all but perfect. They were, at all events, incomparably the best that I have 
 seen. 
 
 Jeffi-ey's career in the House of Commons disappointed the expectations of some of 
 his friends, but without just cause. He was too old when he entered the House to 
 be able readily to accommodate himself to its usages ; his voice was too weak to be 
 properly heard ; his pronunciation could not be said to be either English or Scotch ; 
 and he was apt to over refine. And yet, despite these defects, he made some excellent 
 appearances. His speech on reform was one of the best that was delivered on that 
 momentous question. Had Jeffrey entered Farliament some 20 years earlier, there 
 can be little doubt that he would have been one of its most distinguished ni'^r.ibers. 
 He was a first-rate judge, upright, painstaking, sagacious, and anxious to despatch 
 the cases before him. 
 
 Such is the instability of literary fame that Jeffrey's reviews, which were extremely 
 popular when they appeared, are already all but totally neglected. This, no 
 doubt, is the result of various caii.->e.s. The position of the books which he 
 
98 
 
 COCKBURN — COnt. 
 
 criticised has been finally determined ; and his other reviews were mostly on 
 topics -which, however interesting at the time, have ceased to be of much or any 
 consequence. Hence his articles have now little or nothing save their intrinsic 
 merits to recommend them. And though they abound in every variety of beauti- 
 ful illustration, the style wants condensation and strength ; and as the articles 
 often embody large extracts, they fi-equently run out to too great lengths. These 
 defects, which were not much observed in single reviews, became far too con- 
 spicuous after the novelty and interest attaching to their subjects had passed away, 
 and they had been collected into volumes. And yet they contain much admirable 
 criticism; and had they been judiciously shortened, and lightened of long extracts 
 from books in everybody's hands, they would most probably have continued 
 to enjoy a fair share of their original popularity. 
 Cockburn was closely connected with the leaders of the Tory party, which en- 
 grossed all political power in Scotland when he came to the bar, and for long after. 
 And he might, had he adhered to it, have speedily attained to the highest honours 
 of his profession. But these advantages could not seduce him from what he 
 believed to be the path of honour and duty. He early became a convert to liberal 
 principles ; and these he continued to support, unmindful of the sacrifice they 
 imposed on him, through good and evil report, with unflinching constancy and 
 singular ability. It was, however, in his private capacity that Cockburn was most 
 esteemed. He was a warm friend, and a delightful companion, unassuming, 
 intelligent, and playful. And yet with all these excellences he was a good deal of 
 a riddle. His love" of fun, and apparent inditference to the majority of the cases 
 in which he happened to be engaged as counsel, and to pecuniary matters, 
 was no doubt much more affected than real. Still, however, there can be little 
 question that it had some considerable foundation in fact ; and being generally 
 taken for granted, the chances are, had he not been advanced to the IJench, that, 
 despite his extraordinary talent, it would have seriously injured his practice. 
 
 Colbert, Tableau du Ministere de (par M. Fabre de Charrin, Barbier 
 
 No. 17,538). 8vo. Amsterdam (Paris), 1774. Mor., ex. 
 CoLEBROOK : Remarks on the Husbandry and Internal Commerce of 
 
 Bengal (by — Colebrook). 8vo. Reprinted, London, 1806. 
 Coleridge : Introduction to the Study of the Greek Classic Poets, by 
 
 H. N. Coleridge, Esq., M.A. 2d edition. 12mo. London, 1834. 
 Collectanea Curiosa. See Gutch. 
 
 Collection of Inventories and other Records of the Royal Wardrobe and 
 Jev^^el House, and of the Artillery and Munition in some of the Royal 
 Castles (Scotland). 4to. Edinburgh, 1815. Blue mor., extra. 
 Collier : Claris Universalis, or a New Inquiry after Truth, by Arthur 
 Collier. 8vo. Reprinted, Edinburgh, 1836. Large and thick paper. 
 This acute and very ingenious work was originally published at London in 1713. 
 It was entitled " Clavis Universalis, or a New Inquiry after Truth ; being a 
 Demonstration of the Non-existence or Impossibility of an External World, by 
 Arthur Collier, Rector of Langford Magna, near Sarum." It seems to have met 
 with less attention than might have been anticipated. It may be supposed, 
 perhaps, seeing that Berkeley's works, of a like import, had appeared previously, 
 that Collier was indebted to them for his theory. But there are manuscripts rf 
 his extant antecedent to the date of Berkeley's publications, which show that 
 such is not the case, and that he owes nothing to them.* The Clavis has been 
 translated into German, and has been noticed in terms of commendation by Reid 
 and Stewart, but especially the latter, who calls the author a " very acute meta- 
 physician;" and he farther says that "when the Clavis is compared with the 
 writings of Berkeley himself, it yields to them less in force of argument than in 
 
 * Notice prefixed. to this reprint. 
 
99 
 
 Collier — cont. 
 
 composition and variety of illustration." — (Works, i. 349.) And yet, despite its 
 merits. Collier's tract had, through the decline of a taste for metaphysical discus- 
 sion, become well ni-^h forgotten and exceedingly scarce. But the notices of Keid, 
 Stewart, and others having brought it into notice towards the close of the last 
 and the beginning of this century, a very small impression of it (of which the 
 above is a copy) was printed at Edinburgh in 1836 by my late friend Lord 
 IJundrennan. It is also included in a volume of metaphysical tracts published 
 in 1837, said to have been prepared for the press by JJr. Pair ; but this is an 
 incorrect and inferior book. 
 The author, who was a clergyman of the Church of England, died in 1732, at the 
 age of \yl. The motto on the title-page of his treatise shows that he did not 
 publish it with any view to popularity : VnUji ussensus ct approbatio, circa 
 mutcriam dijficilcm, est certum argumentum fahitalis i.slius opiniunis, cui asscntititr. 
 — (Malebr. de Inquir. Verit. lib. 3, p. 194.) 
 
 COLLINA : Considerazioni Istoriche di D. A. Colliiia, sopra rOriginc doUa 
 Bussola Nautica. 4to. In Faenza, 1748. 
 
 Collins : A Philosophical Inquiry concerning Human Libei-ty, by- 
 Anthony Collins, Esq. 4th edition. Post 8vo. Glasgow, 1749. 
 
 This is a tract in which the principal arguments in favour of philosophical necessity 
 are stated with great brevity and clearness. Stewart says " that he is not aware 
 of anything that has been advanced by later writers in support of the scheme of 
 necessity of which the germ is not to be found in the Inquiiy of Collins " 
 (Works, i. 297). His theories received a farther reconmiendatif n from his excel- 
 lent personal character. Locke entertained a very high opinion of Collins, who 
 ■was his intimate friend ; and that circumstance is supposed to have been the 
 principal reason that the former so far modified his own strong feeling in favour 
 of man's moral liberty as to make it doubtful whether he should not be reckoned 
 among necessitarians (Stewart, i. 296). 
 
 Dr. Clarke, who had defended the doctrine of the freedom of the will agains 
 Leibnitz, defended it, also, against Collins. We subjoin a short extract" from 
 the latter, in which he endeavours to show that liberty is impossible : 
 
 " A second reason to prove man a necessary agent is, because all his actions have a 
 beginning. For whatever has a beginning must have a cause ; and every cause 
 is a necessary cause. 
 
 "If anything can have a beginning which has no cause, then nothing can produce 
 something. And if nothing can produce something, then the world might have 
 had a beginning without a cause ; which is not only an absurdity commonly 
 charged on atheists, but is a real absurditj- in itself. 
 
 " Besides, if a cause be not a necessaiy cause, it is no cause at all. For if causes 
 are not necessarj- causes, then causes are not suited to, or are indifferent to effects • 
 and the Epicurean sy.stem of chance is rendered possible ; and this orderly world' 
 might have been produced by a disorderly or fortuitous concourse of atoms ; or, 
 which is all one, by no cause at all. For in arguing against the Epicurean system 
 of chance, do we not say, and that justly, that it is impossible for chance ever to 
 have produced an orderly system of things, as not being a cause suited to the 
 effect ; and that an orderly system of things which had a beginning, must have 
 had an intelligent agent for its cause, as being the only proper cause to that effect? 
 All which implies that causes are suited or have relation to some particular effect.s 
 and not to others. And if they be suited to some particular effect and not to others. 
 they can be no causes at all to those others. And therefore, a cause not suited 
 to the effect, and no cause, are the same thing. And if a cause not suited to 
 the effect is no cause, then a cause suited to the effect is a necessaiy cau.se ; for 
 if it does not produce the effect, it is not suited to it, or is no cause at all of it. 
 
 " Liberty, therefore, or a power to act or not to act, to do this cr another thing under 
 the same causes, is an impossibility and atheistical. 
 
 "And as liberty stands, and can only be grounded on the absurd principles of 
 Epicurean atheism ; so the Epicurean atheists, who were the most popular and most 
 numerous sect of the atheists of antiquity, were the great asserters of liberty ; 
 
 G 2 
 
 I 
 
100 
 
 Collins — coiit. 
 
 as on the other side, the Stoics, who were the most popular and most 
 numerous sect among the religionaries of antiquity, were the great asserters of 
 fate and necessity. The case was also the same among the Jews as among the 
 heathen." .... 
 
 It has been objected," says Collins, " to the doctrine of necessity, that if all 
 events are necessary, it was as impossible, for example, for Julius Caesar not to 
 have died in the Senate, as it is impossible for two and two to make six. But 
 who will say the former was as impossible as the latter is, when we can con- 
 ceive it possible for Julius Cassar to have died anywhere else as well as in the 
 Senate, and impossible to conceive two and two ever to make six. 
 
 " To which I answer that I do allow, that if all events are necessary, it was as im- 
 possible for Julius CcEsar not to have died in the Senate, as it is impossible for 
 two and two to make six ; and will add, that it is no more impossible to conceive 
 the death of Julius Csesar to have happened anywhere else but in the Senate, 
 than that two and two should make six. For Avhoever does conceive his death 
 possible anywhere else, supposes other circumstances preceding his death than did 
 precede his death. Whereas let them suppose all the same circumstances to come 
 to pass that did precede his death, and then it will be as impossible to conceive, if 
 they think justly, his death could have come to pass anywhere else, as they con- 
 ceive it impossible for two and two to make six. I observe, also, that to sup- 
 pose other circumstances of any action possible than those that do precede it, 
 is to suppose a contradiction or impossibility ; for, as all actions have their par- 
 ticular circumstances, so every circumstance preceding an action is as impossible 
 not to have come to pass, by virtue of the causes preceding that circimistance, as 
 that two and two should make six." — (Inquiry, p. 57, &c., and p. 104, &c.) 
 
 This tract of Collins has been translated into French, and published by Des Mai- 
 zeaux in the famous Collection of Pieces (Kecueil des Pieces) on Philosophy, Natural 
 IJeligion, Histoiy, &c., by Leibnitz, Clarke, Newton, and others. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 Amst., 1720. 2nd edition, 1740. The latter is in this libraiy. 
 
 Collins : Sur la Liberte de Penser et de Raisonner, de I'Anglois de M. 
 Collins. 12mo. Londres, (Paris,) 1717. Mor., fine. 
 This is a French translation of Collins' " Discourse on Freethinking," which made 
 a considerable sensation when it appeared in 1713. It elicited various answers, 
 of which the "Ilemarks on the Discourse of Freethinking, by Phileleutherus 
 Lipsiensis " (Dr. Bentley), was by far the most celebrated. It is marked by all the 
 characteristics of its author, being vigorous, learned, intolerant, and abusive. — • 
 {See Bentley.) 
 Collins, who was bom in 1676, died in 1720. He amassed an extensive and valuable 
 library, and was highly esteemed for his integrity, and the impartiality and ability 
 with which he discharged his duties as a magistrate. 
 
 (William), The Poetical Works of, witli his Life, &c. 12mo. 
 
 Pickering, London, 1830. 
 
 CoLLiNSON : The Life of Thuanus (De Thou), with some account of his 
 
 Writings, and a Translation of the Preface to his History, by the Rev. 
 
 J. Collinson, M.A. 8vo. London, 1807. 
 
 The principal events in the life of one of the most eminent men that France has 
 
 produced are succinctly recorded in this work. Thuanus, or De Thou, was 
 
 a son of the first president of the Parliament of Paris. His studies were at 
 
 the outset dii'ected more to the Church than the law ; but in no very lengthened 
 
 period he became especially attached to the latter, and was eventually a president 
 
 a, mortkr of the Parliament. He was employed by successive sovereigns of 
 
 France in various important political affairs, and never failed, even in the most 
 
 unpropitious circumstances, to recommend a policy of peace and toleration. He 
 
 was warmly attached to Henry IV. and was fortunate enough to have had a 
 
 considerable share in negotiating and arranging the Edict of Nantes (1.598), 
 
 which gave peace to France by securing the free exercise of their religion to the 
 
 rrotestantd. 
 
101 
 
 Coi.LIXSOX — VO/lt. 
 
 In addition to his political lal)Ours, Thuanus found time to write a very elaborate 
 history of his own time. And he made every effort, and spared neither labour 
 nor expense, to obtain the most accurate infonnation in regard to the events and 
 circumstances, which he has described with singular impartiality. The work is 
 written in Latin, in a fluent and correct style. But its merits are borne down by 
 its extreme prolixity ; for, though it embraces a period of only 63 (1.544 to IC.OT) 
 years, it fills no fewer than seven immense folio vols.* Now, indeed, it is rarely 
 looked into except by the few who are anxious to get minute and special infor- 
 mation in regard to some of the many obscure matters treated of in it, and not 
 elsewhere to be met with. 
 
 Thuanus rendered no inconsiderable service to literature by amassing a very valuable 
 library. Books were then very difficult to acquire, and he was engaged for more 
 than 40 years in the fonnation of his collection, which was brought together from 
 all parts of the world. It consisted of about 8,000 vols., consisting of the best 
 editions of the best works, in the best bindings of the time. Occasionally when 
 he heard of any considerable work being in the press he sent to the publislier a 
 superior description of paper on which to print two or more copies for his 
 especial use. 
 
 Thuanus died in 1617, in the 64th year of his age. lie wished that his library 
 should remain in his family ; but owing to the misfortunes in which they were 
 unhappily involved, it was sold in 1679, after the death of his youngest son. 
 The produce of the sale is said not to have amounted to the cost of the bindings. 
 The books are still sometimes met with, and bring high prices. A few of them 
 will be found in this collection. 
 
 There is a very good account of Thuanus and his works (except that it omits all 
 mention of his library) in the Memoires de Niceron, ix. 309-359. 
 
 CoLOMB : Relations des Quatre Voyages entrepris par Cliristophe Colomb, 
 
 pour la Decouverte du Nouveau-Monde, de 1494 a 1504, suivies do 
 
 diverses Lettres et Pieces inedites, par Don M. F. De Navarrete ; 
 
 traduits de I'Espagnol, avec des Notes, de MM. De Rcnmsat, Cuvier, 
 
 Letronne, &c. 8vo. 3 vols. Pari.s, 1828. 
 
 This is an important publication ; the introduction and notes are especially learned 
 
 and valuable. Though written with a strong national bias, it throws a clear, 
 
 and, in many respects, a new and steady light on the history of Columbus, 
 
 on the progress of discoverj- previously to and during his memorable career, 
 
 and on the conduct of the Spaniards towards the Indians. Some brief notices of 
 
 the principal voyages of discovery undertaken by the Spaniards in the IGth, 
 
 17th, and 18th centuries are added to the first volume. 
 
 Colonies, Colonial Trade, and Colonial Policy, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. History of the Colonization of the Free States of Antiquity 
 
 applied to the Present Contest between Great Britain and 
 her American Colonies, (by Professor Barron, of St. Andrews,) 
 1777. 
 
 2. Eemarks upon an Essay intituled The History of the Coloni- 
 
 zation, &c., by John Symonds, LL.D., 1778. 
 
 3. Historical Pemarks on the Taxation of Free States, in a 
 
 Series of Letters to a Friend, (by Sir William Meredith, 
 M.P.,) 1781. 
 
 4. Essay on the Origin and Privileges of Ancient Colonies, trans- 
 
 lated from the Opuscula Academica of Heyne. 
 
 ♦ In the editio optima prepared by Carte and published by Buckley, Loudon, 1733 : a translation 
 of the work into 1 rench is comprised in 15 vols. 4to. 
 
 4t0. 1 vol. 
 Scarce and 
 valuable. 
 
102 
 
 Colonies, Colonial Trade, and Colonial Policy, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 1. The Regulations lately made concerning the Colonies considered,") 
 
 1765. 
 
 2. England enslaved by her own Slave Colonies, hy James Stephen, 
 
 Esq., 1826. 
 
 3. State of the Commerce of Great Britain in Colonial and other 
 
 Produce in 1830. 1831. 
 
 4. The Cocoa-nut Tree, by Henry Marshall, Deputy Inspector- 
 
 General of Army Hospitals, 1832. 
 
 5. Appeal in behalf of the Inhabitants of Ceylon, 1835. )■ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 6. Proposal for founding a Colony on the Southern Coast of Aus- 
 
 tralia, 1831. 
 
 7. Proposed National Society for the Cure and Prevention of Pau- 
 
 perism by means of Systematic Colonization, 1830. 
 
 8. Memoir on the Colonization of Natal, by J. Bannister, Esq., 
 
 1839. 
 
 9. Observations on the Climate, &c., of British Guiana, by John 
 
 Hancock, M.D., 1835. 
 
 1. Select Dissertations on Colonies and Plantations, by Sir Josiah' 
 
 Child, Charles Davenant, LL.D., and Mr. William Wood, 1775. 
 
 2. Plain Statement of the Argument of Great Britain and her 
 
 Colonies, 1775. 
 
 3. Jeremy Bentham to the National Convention of France. 
 
 4. Canada. — Emancipate your Colonies. Unpublished Argument, 
 
 by Jeremy Bentham, 1838. 
 
 5. Introduction to a Course of Lectures on Colonization and Colo- 
 
 nies, by Herman Merivale, A.M., 1839. 
 
 6. Speech of Sir William Molesworth, Bart., M.P., in the House of 
 
 Commons, 25th July 1848, on Colonial Expenditure and Go- \ 8vo. 1 VOI. 
 vernment, 1848. 
 
 7. Observations on the Speech of Sir William Molesworth, Bart., 
 
 bv J. T. Danson. 2d edition. 1848. 
 
 8. Speech of Sir William Moles-worth, Bart., M.P., in the House of 
 
 Commons, 25th June 1849, for a Commission to inquire into 
 the State of the Colonies, 1 849. 
 
 9. Speech of Lord John Eussell in the House of Commons, 8th 
 
 February 1850, on Colonial Policy. 
 10. Analysis of the Census of New South Wales, by F. G. P. Neison, 
 Esq., 1849. 
 
 1. State of the Commerce of Great Britain, 1830. 2d edition. 1831." 
 
 2. State of the Commerce of Great Britain, 1831 . 
 
 3. Memorial of the Committee appointed by the Free Trade Con- 
 
 vention, 1832. 
 
 4. Article on the Rise, Progress, and Decline of Commerce in Hol- 
 
 land, from the Edinburgh Review. 
 
 5. An Essay on Colonial Policy, from the Edinbm-gh Review, 
 
 No. 84. 
 
 6. A Brief Sketch of the Political Importance of the British Colonies. 
 ! 1824. 
 
 7. Considerations on the Value and Importance of the British North 
 
 American Provinces, by Major-General Sir Howard Douglas, 
 Bart. 3d edition. 1831. 
 
 8. Observations on the Proposed Alteration of the Timber Duties, 
 
 by John Revans, 1831. 
 
 9. On the Timber Trade, by Henry Bliss, Esq., 1831. 
 
 Columbus : Memorials of, translated from the Spanish and Italian. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1823. 
 Columella. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 . 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
103 
 
 Combe : The Constitution of Man considered in relation to External 
 Objects, by George Combe. 2d edition. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1H35. 
 
 CoMMEXTAUiES and Paraphrases upon the Old and New Testaments, and 
 the Apocrypha, comprising those by, — 
 
 Simon Patrick, U.D., Bishop of Ely. Folio. 6th ed. 3 vols. Lon- 
 
 don, 1766. 
 
 William Lowth, B.D. 6th ed. Folio. London, 1766. 
 
 Richard Aniald, B.D. 2d cd. Folio. London, 1760. 
 
 Nathaniel Whitby, D.D., on the New Testament. 7th ed. Folio. 
 
 London, 1760. 
 
 The above are bound uniform in gilt Russia, and make a lino 
 set. 
 The Calvinistic critic. ^Ir. Ornie, remarks on these books (excepting Amald's) as 
 follows: — " Patrick is one of the most sensible and useful commentators on the 
 Old Testament. lie had a competent measure of learning for the undertaking, of 
 •which he never makes any ostentatious display. The elder LoTvth completed his 
 work on the Old Testament, and the whole set, with Whitby on the Xew Testa- 
 ment, makes 6 vols, folio. Neither Patrick nor Lowth has as much Arminianism 
 as "Whitby, though they all belong to the same theological school. Whitby was 
 superior to both in acuteness and research ; but if the reader do not find in them 
 the same talent, he will be exposed to less injury from specious and sophistical 
 reasonings against some important doctrines of Christianity," that is, in Orme"s 
 estimation, of Calvinism. 
 
 Commerce, Corn Trade, &c., Works on, viz. — 
 
 Ameilhou : Histoire du Commerce et de la Navigation des Egyp- 
 
 tiens sous le Regue des Ptolemees, par M. Ameilhon. I2mo. 
 Paris, 1766. 
 
 American Commerce : An ^Examination of the" 
 
 New Tariff proposed by the Hon. 
 Henry Baldwin, 1821. 
 
 Speech of Mr. Webster on the Tariff, 1824. 
 
 Tariff Law, 1824. )> 
 
 Report of a Committee of the Citizens of 
 
 Boston and its Vicinity, opposed to a 
 further Increase of Duties on Importa- 
 tions, 1827. 
 
 Anderson : An Historical and Chronological Deduction of the 
 
 Origin (and Progress) of Commerce, from the Earliest Accounts 
 to the Present Time, by Adam Anderson, Esq. 2d edition. 
 Folio. 2 vols. London, 1764. 
 
 Anderson (James, LL.D.), Tracts by, viz. — 
 
 1. An Inquiry into the Nature of the Corn Laws. Edinburgh, 1777. 1 
 
 2. A Calm Investigation of the Circumstances which have led to V 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 the Present Scarcity of Grain in Britain. London, 1801. J 
 The first of these Tracts contains the earliest exposition of the true theory of Rent, 
 and is as scarce as it is valuable. 
 
 1^ A Vindication of Commerce and the Arts ; proving that they 
 
 are the Source of the Greatness, Power, Riches, and Popu- 
 
 lousness of a State, by J B , M.D. 8vo. London. 17o8. 
 
 Included in the Collection of Tracts, reprinted by Lord Overstone ; see Overstone. 
 This very able work is pseudonymous. The Author was a Mr. Temple, a clothier, 
 of Trowbridge, " who had immense erudition in his way. —Dean Tucker to Lord 
 Karnes, Life of the latter, iii. 161. 8vo. edition. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 Half calf. 
 
Commerce, Corn Trade, &c., Works on — cont. 
 
 Bilhon : Dissertation sur I'Etat du Commerce des Remains, par 
 
 M. Bilhon. 
 One only of several Tracts relative to Commerce in a 12mo. vol. Paris, V.Y. 
 Bouchaud : Theorie des Traites de Commerce entre les Nations, 
 
 par M. Boucliaud. 12mo. Paris, 1777. 
 Brewster : Nine Essays on Trade, by Sir Francis Brewster. 
 
 12mo. Loudon, 1702. 
 . Britannia Langueng, or a Discourse of Trade ; showing the 
 
 Grounds and Reasons, of tlie Increase and Decay of Land, 
 
 Rents, National Wealth and Strength, &c. Post 8vo. London, 
 
 1680. 
 Included in the Collection of Tracts reprinted by Lord Overstone ; see Overstone. 
 Commerce, Corn Trade, &c., Tracts on, viz : — 
 A Select Collection of Early English Tracts on Commerce,_from 
 
 the originals of Mun, Roberts, North, and others, with a 
 
 Preface (giving an Account of the Tracts), by J. R. M'C. Svo. 
 
 London, 1856. Only 100 copies printed, at the expense of the 
 
 Political Economy Club, viz. : — 
 
 1. A Discovrse of Trade from England vnto the East Indies, by^ 
 
 T. M. (Thomas Mun), 1621. 
 
 2. The Treasure of Traffike, or a Discourse of Forraigne Trade, 
 
 by LeAves Roberts, 1641. 
 
 3. England's Treasure by Forraign Trade, or the Ballance of our 
 
 Fon-aign Trade is the Rule of our Treasure, by Thomas Mun, 
 1664. 
 
 4. England's Interest and Improvement, by Samuel Fortrey, Esq., \ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 1673. 
 
 5. England's Great Happiness, or a Dialogue between Content and 
 
 Complaint by a real and hearty Lover of his King and Countiy, 
 1677. 
 
 6. Britannia Languens, or a Discourse of Trade, 1680. 
 
 7. Discourses upon Trade, 1691, (Sir Dudley North). 
 
 8. Considerations on the East India Trade, 1701. 
 The last-mentioned tract is most able and profound. A controversy was carried on 
 
 for several years previously to its appearance between the home manufactm-ers and 
 the importers of East Indian silks and cotton stuifs. The former did not fail 
 to resort to the arguments invariably used on such occasions, affirming that the 
 substitution of Indian for English goods occasioned the ruin of our manufactures, 
 the exportation of the coin, and the impoverishment of the kingdom. Such argu- 
 ments could not be successfully resisted without showing the hollowness of the 
 assumptions on which they were founded, and, maintaining in opposition to them 
 that it is for the public advantage to buy whatever may be wanted in the cheapest 
 markets. And this the author has done in a very masterly manner, with great 
 force of reasoning, and variety of illustration. He has discussed the most specious 
 objections that have been made, or that may be made to his doctrine, and has 
 shown that none of them are well founded; that the important practical principle 
 which he has laid down does not operate by fits and starts, but continuously at 
 all times, and in all places ; and that it can never be departed from without loss 
 and injui-y to the public. "He is, also, the first who has conclusively shown the 
 advantage of employing machinery, and cheaper methods of production, in the 
 manufacture of commodities; and who has proved that such employment, instead 
 of being injurious to the labom-ers, is advantageous to them, as well as to the 
 other classes of the community. And in doing this, he has set the powerful 
 influence of the division of labour in a very striking point of view, and has 
 illiistrated it with a skill and felicity which even Smith has not surpassed, but 
 by which he most probably profited." — (Literature of Political Economy, p. 100.) 
 
105 
 
 Commence, Cork Tkade, &c., Tracts on— co?if. 
 
 Lord Jracaulay has passed a very high eulogium ou this tract. " The pamphlet on 
 the East India trade is excellent, iirst-rate. I have seen nothing oi'that age e(iual 
 to it. Davenant's two tracts on the same snbject are contemptible in com- 
 parison." 
 That this admirable tract should have had, when published, little or no influence, is 
 ■wholly to be ascribed to the author being very far in advance of his age. It re- 
 quired a long .series of still more powerful lights, and a far wider experience, to 
 dissipate the prejudices whicli swayed his contemporaries and their successors. 
 There is a little bit of piracy in this tract quite unworthy of so excellent a writer. 
 If the reader will turn to Waller's Panegyric on the Lord Protsctol- (Cromwell), 
 he will find the following lines : — 
 
 " As Egypt does not on the clouds rely. 
 But to the Nile ovres more than to the sky ; 
 So, what our earth, and what our heaven, denies, 
 Our ever-constant friend, the sea, supplies. 
 " The taste of hot Arabia's spice we know, 
 Free from the scorching sun that makes it grow ; 
 Without the worm, in Persian silks we shine ; 
 And, without planting, drink of every wine. 
 " To dig for wealth we weary not our limbs ; 
 Gold, though the heaviest metal, hither swims : 
 Ours is the harvest where the Indians mow, 
 We plough the deep, and reap what others sow." 
 Now these verses have been imported into the tract on the East Indian trade in the 
 
 following fashion, viz. : — 
 " As often as I consider these things, I am ready to say with myself, that God has 
 hestowed his blessings upon men that have neither hearts nor skill to use them. 
 For, why are we surrounded with the sea ? Surely that our wants at home might 
 be supplied by om* navigation into othfr countries, the least and easiest labour. 
 By this we taste the spices of Arabia, yet never feel the scorching sun which brings 
 them forth ; Ave shine in silks which our hands have never wrought ; we drink of 
 vineyards which we never planted ; the treasures of those mines are ours in which 
 we have never digg'd ; we only plough the deep, and reap the harvest of every 
 country in the world."— (Cap. x.) 
 
 1. State of the Commerce of Great Britain, with reference to Colonial"] 
 
 and other Produce, for the Year 1832, by James Cook, Esq. 
 1832. 
 
 2. Ditto ditto, for 1833, by the same, 1833. 
 
 3. Inquiry into the Navigation Laws, and the Effects of their Alter- 
 
 ations, &c., 1833. 
 
 4. Brief Examination into the Increase of the Revenue, Commerce, 
 
 &c. of Great Britain, from 1792 to 1799, by George liose, Esq. ]- 8vo. I vol. 
 2d edition. 1799. 
 
 5. England, Ireland, and America, by a Manchester Manufacturer 
 
 (Kichard Cobden, Ii:sq., M.P.) 2d edition. 1835. 
 
 6. Letters on Commercial Policy, by R. Torrens, Esq. (Colonel 
 
 Torrens), 1833. 
 
 7. On the Proposed Alteration of the American Tariff, &c. by 
 
 Thomas Cooper, M.D. 1824. 
 
 1. Remarks on the State of the Sugar Trade, &c., by James Cook,' 
 
 Esq. 1839. 
 
 2. The Slave Trade and the Sugar Duties, by W. R. Greg, 1844. 
 
 3. The Effect of an Alteration in the Sugar Duties, &c., by 
 
 Macgregor Laird, Esq. 2d edition. 1844. 
 
 4. The Ministrv and the Sugar Duties (by the Right lion. W. E. 
 
 Gladstone.'M.P.) 1844. 
 
 5. The ]Many sacrificed to the Few, proved by the Effects of the 
 
 Sugar Monopoly, 1841. 
 
 6. Commercial and Financial Situation of the Country, 1841. ^ 8vo. I vol. 
 
)■ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 106 
 
 Commerce, Corn Trade, &c., Tracts on — cont. 
 
 7. State of the Commerce of Great BritaiB, with reference to Colo- 
 
 nial and other Produce, for 1833, by James Cook, Esq. 1833, 
 
 8. Ditto ditto, for 1832. 1832. 
 
 9. Tables showing the Progress of the Shipping Interest of the 
 
 British Empire, United States, and France, by George Bayley, 
 Surveyor to Lloyd's Register, 1 844. 
 
 10. The Stade Duties considered by William Hutt, Esq., M.P., 1839. 
 
 11. Observations on the Duty on Sea-borne Coal, and on the Peculiar 
 
 Duties and Charges on Coal in the Port of London, by J. E._ 
 M'CuUoch, 1830. 
 
 1. Two Speeches by the Right. Hon. W. Huskisson on Colonial and" 
 
 Foreign Commerce, 1825. 
 
 2. Speech of the Right Hon. W. Huskisson on the Navigation Laws 
 
 12th May 1826. 1826. 
 
 3. Speech of the Right. Hon. W. Huskisson on the Shipping Interest, 
 
 7th May 1827. 1827. 
 
 4. Account of the Levant Company, with Speech of Lord Grenville, 
 
 1825. 
 
 5. Letter respecting the Commercial Relations of Great Britain with 
 
 Russia, 1825. 
 
 6. Eifect of the East India Company's Monopoly on the Price of 
 
 Tea, &c., from the Edinburgh Review of January 1824. 
 
 7. Letter on the Iron Trade, by H. J. Prescott, 1825. 
 
 8. Observations on the Restrictive and Prohibitory System, from the 
 
 MSS. of Jeremy Bentham, Esq., by John Bowring. 1821. 
 
 9. Observations on the Injurious Consequences of the Restrictive 
 
 System upon Foreign Commerce, 1820. 
 
 10. The Moral Influence of Free Trade, by Edward Baines, 1830. 
 
 1 1 . The Exportation of Machinery, an Article from the 6th No. of 
 
 the Westminster Review. 
 
 12. The Exportation of Machinery, by John Kennedy, Esq., 1824. 
 
 13. The Effects of the New System of Free Trade, by S. Atkinson, 
 
 Esq., 1827. 
 
 Campomanes : Antiguedad Maritima de la Eepublica de Cartage, 
 
 con el Periplo de su General Hannon, traducido del Griego e 
 illustrado, por Don P. R. Campomanes. Small 4to. Madrid, 
 1756. 
 
 Capmany : Memorias Historicas sobre la Marina Comercio y 
 
 Artes de la antigua Ciudad de Barcelona, por Don Antonio de 
 Capmany. 4to. 4 vols. Madrid, 1779-91. 
 
 This work, which is a model of its kind, comprises a larger body of important and 
 well digested information respecting the early commerce and commercial insti- 
 tutions of Barcelona, and the Mediterranean ports generally, than is elsewhere 
 to be found. The first two volumes contain the history of commerce, arts, &c.; 
 the last two being a collection of documents relative thereto. 
 
 Capmany is the author of several other publications, the greater number of which 
 will be found in this collection. They are universally distinguished by their 
 
 learning, research, and good sense. 
 
 Cantillon : The Analysis of Trade, Commerce, Coin, Bullion, 8fC., 
 
 by Philip Cantillon, late of the City of London, Merchant, 
 
 8vo. London, 1759. 
 Cary : A Discourse on Trade and other Matters relative to it, by 
 
 John Cary, Esq., Merchant, of Bristol. 8vo. London, 1745. 
 Child : A New Discourse of Trade, &c., by Sir Josiah Child, 
 
 Bart. 5th edition. 12mo. Foulis, Glasgow, 1751. 
 
107 
 
 CoMMEKCi:, Corn Tuade, &c. — cont. 
 
 China, Trade with, Tracts on, viz : — 
 
 1. A Chinese Commercial Guide, by J. R. Morrison. 2d edition. 
 
 :\Iacao. 1844. 8vO, 1 vol. 
 
 2. The same Tract, 1st edition, :^^acao, 1834. [half Russia. 
 
 3. Maulmain Ahnanac and Supplement for 1844. 
 
 Commerce : Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en general, traduit 
 
 de I'Auglois. 12mo. Loudres, (Paris,) 1755. Veau 
 fauve. 
 
 Vucs Politiques sur le. 12mo. Amst., 1759. 
 
 Con.siderations sur le Commerce, et en particulier sur les 
 
 Compaguies, Societes, et Maitrises. 12mo. Amsterdam, 
 1758. 
 This unpretending little work was -n'ritten by M. Clicquot-Blerv^ache, Inspector of 
 Commerce. Grimm, who had no great liking to publications of its class, and was, 
 also, very fastidious, speaks of it in the highest temis. "X« clarti," says he, " la 
 purete du style, joinies a un sens exquis, a d'excellens principes, et a un grand 
 nonibie d'observations judicieuses, rendent ee petit ouvrage precieux." — (Correspon- 
 dance, ii. 285.) 
 
 d'Augleterre, Essai sur I'Etat du. 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 
 
 1755. 
 
 Remarques sur plusieurs Branches de Commerce, de 
 
 Navigation, etc. 12mo. Paris, 1757. 
 
 Recherches sur le Commerce, ou Idees relatives aux 
 
 Interets des difFerens Peuples de I'Europe. 2 vols. 
 
 en 4 part. Svo. Amsterdam, 1778. 
 
 This work consists, for the most part, of very learned and curious researches 
 
 respecting the prices of commodities, labour, &c., previously to and after the 
 
 discovery of America ; the variations in the coins of different countries ; the 
 
 regulations respecting the rate of interest, and such like topics. 
 
 Recueil d'Actes et Pieces concernant le Commerce. 12mo. 
 
 Londres, (Paris,) 1754. 
 
 des Grains : Pieces sur la Liberte du, par Baudeau, 
 
 Turgot, et autres. 12mo. Paris, V.Y. Veau fauve. 
 
 Commerce et Finances d'Espagne, Memoires et Considerations sur 
 
 le. 12mo. 2 vols. Amsterdam, (Paris,) 1761. 
 
 Commercial Treaty with France in 1713; Collection of scarce 
 
 Tracts on, including that by Defoe. London, 1713, &c. 
 Treaty with France in 1786 ; Tracts on, viz : — 
 
 Historical and Political Remarks upon the Tariff of the Com-" 
 mercial Treaty, with Preliminary Observations, 1787. 
 This tract has been attributed to Mr. Eden, afterwards Lord 
 Auckland, by whom the treaty was negociated. I believe, how- 
 ever, that it was really written by A. C. Schomberg, M.A., author 
 of learned treatises on the Roman Law and the Laws of Rhodes. 
 See Schomberg. 
 
 A complete Investigation of the Eden Treaty, as it may affect 
 the Commerce, the Revenue, and the General Policy of Great 
 Britain, 1787. 
 
 A View of the Treaty of Commerce with France, signed at 
 Versailles in 1786, by Mr. Eden. 2d edition. 1787. 
 
 - Commerce de Russie, Essai sur le, avec I'Histoire de 
 vertes. 12mo. Amsterdam, 1777. 
 
 Svo. 1 vol. 
 
108 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Commerce, Corn Trade, &c. — cont. 
 
 Condillac : Le Commerce et le Gouvernement considcres relative- 
 
 ment I'lin a I'autre, par M. I'Abbe Condillac. 12mo. Amsterdam, 
 
 (Paris,) 1776. 
 Considerations on tiie Trade and Finances of the Kingdom since 
 
 the Peace, by the Right Hon. Geo. Grenville. 4to. London, 
 
 1766. 
 Corn Laws, Tracts on, viz : — 
 
 1. A Compendium of the Laws affecting Corn, &c., since IGGO." 
 
 1826. 
 
 2. Price of Corn and Wages of Labour, by Sir Edward West, 1826. 
 
 3. Speech on the Corn Laws, by W. W. Whitraore, Esq., in the 
 
 House of Commons, on 28th April 1825. 1825. 
 
 4. A Letter to the Electors of Bridgenorth on the Corn Laws, by 
 
 W. W. Whitmore, Esq., M.P., 1826. 
 
 5. The Corn Laws considered in their Effect on the Labourer 
 
 Tenant, and Landlord, 1826. 
 
 6. Cheap Corn best for Farmers, by Henry Drummond, Esq., M.A. 
 
 1826. 
 
 7. A Catechism on the' Corn Laws, by Colonel Thomson, 1827. 
 
 8. A Collection of Conflicting Opinions upon the Corn Question, 
 
 1825. 
 
 1. Observations on the Principles which enter into the Commerce" 
 
 in Grain, by Dugald Bannatyne, Esq., 1816. 
 
 2. Speech of C. C. Western, Esq., M.P., in the House of Commons, 
 
 on March 7th, 1816, on the Distressed State of the Agriculture, 
 1816. 
 
 3. Abstract of the Eiar Prices for the County of Edinburgh of the 
 
 best Wheat, &c., from 1640 to 1809. 
 
 4. Thoughts on the Expediency of a Kelaxation of the Com Laws, 
 
 1822. 
 
 5. A Letter to Mr. Canning on Agricultural Distress, 1823. 
 
 6. Observations on the Existing Corn Laws, by John Hays, 1824. 
 
 7. Examination of the Resolutions of the Merchants, &c., of Lon- 
 
 don as to a Revision of the Corn Laws, 1825. J. 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 8. The Corn Question, in a Letter to the Right Hon. W. Huskisson, 
 
 1825. 
 
 9. An Address in Defence of the Corn Laws, by G. Higgins, Esq., 
 
 1826. 
 
 10. Reasonable Protection defended, by a Cumberland Parmer, 1826. 
 
 11. Corn, Trade, Wages, and Rent, by Edward Cayley, Esq., 1826. 
 
 12. A Letter from the Earl of Stanhope on the Corn Laws, 1826. 
 
 13. The Relative Importance of Agriculture and Foreign Trade, by 
 
 John Benett, Esq., M.P., 1827. 
 
 14. Practical Observations on the Importation of Foreign Com, by 
 
 Layton Cooke, 1826. 
 
 15. The Apology of an English Landowner, 1827. J 
 
 1. Statements in respect to the Repeal of the Existing Corn Laws,' 
 
 by J. R. M'Culloch, 1841. 
 
 2. Memorandums in relation to the Importation of Foreign Beef 
 
 and Live Stock, by the same, 1842. 
 
 3. Influences of the Corn Laws, by James Wilson, Esq., 1839. 
 
 4. Justice to our Corn Growers and Corn Eaters, 1839. 
 
 5. On the Necessity of Agricultural Protection to the Cultivators of 
 
 Great Britain, by Archibald Alison, Esq., F.R.S., 1844. 
 
 6. Vindication of a Fixed Duty on Com, by J. G. Hubbard, Esq., )■ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 1842. 
 
 7. The Sliding Scale, or a Fixed Duty, by the Rev. C. Nevile, 1841. 
 
 8. A Letter to Kirkman Finlay, Esq., on the Importation of Foreign 
 
 Corn, by James Pennington, Esq., 1840. 
 
109 
 
 CotMEiJCE, CoKN Tk.vdi:, S:c., Tr.-u'ts on — cotif. 
 
 9. The Tlnee Prize Essays (of the Cora Law League) on Agri- 
 culture and the Corn Law, 1842. (By Messrs. Hope, Alorse, and 
 Gre-i.) 
 10. Speech of Lord Ilowick on tlie Kepeal of the Corn Laws, 1844. J 
 
 1. Statements in respect to the liepeal, &c., of the E.xisting Corn- 
 
 Laws, by J. K. M-CuUoch, 1841. 
 
 2. A Few Words on the Corn Laws, by Sir J. C. Dalbiac, in answer 
 
 to the Statements in Mr. M'CuUoch's Tamphlct, 1841. 
 
 3. An Inquiry into tlie Principles which should regulate the Duties 
 
 on Foreign Corn, in ansMer to the Statements in Air. il'Culloch's 
 Pamphlet, by Ceo. Taylor, Esq., W.S., 1842. 
 
 4. ]\Iemorandums on the Importation of Foreign Beef and Live 
 
 Stock, by J. K. IM'CuIlocli, 1842. 
 
 5. IIow will Free Trade in Corn affect the Fanner? by C. J. Wclford, )• 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Esq., 184.3. 
 
 6. Keasons for not repealing the Corn Laws, by John Broadhurst, 
 
 E.sq., 1839. 
 
 7. Three Letters to the I^Iarquis of Chandos, on the Effects of the 
 
 Corn LaMs, by R. Torrens, Esq., F.U.S. (Col. Torrens). 18.39. 
 
 8. Letters on the Corn I,aws, &c., by II. B. T. (Jas. Deacon Hume, 
 
 E.sq., one of the Secretaries to the Board of Trade), 1834. 
 
 9. The Consequences of the Sliding Scale examined and exposed, by 
 
 Lord Monteagle, 1843. 
 
 1. Corn and Currency, by Sir James Graham, Bart., M.P., 1828. - 
 
 Very scarce. 
 
 2. Free Trade in Corn the Interest of the Landlord, &c., by a Cum- 
 
 berland Landowner, 1828. 
 
 3. Article on Mr. Jacob's IJeport on the Trade in Corn, from the 
 
 Edinburgh Keview of 1826. 
 
 4. A Letter on the Cora Laws, by the ][\ight Hon. W. Iluskisson, 
 
 in 1814. 1826. 
 
 5. Paper CuiTency and Corn Laws. 
 
 6. Considerations on the Effects of Bounties on Exported Corn, 
 
 &c., 1768. 
 
 7. Considerations on the Protection required by British Agriculture, 
 
 by Wm. Jacob, Esq., F.K.S. 1814. J 
 
 The first pamphlet in the above volume is principally remarkable for the elaborate 
 reasoning by which the author endeavours to show that the interest of that laro-e 
 portion of the national debt that had been contracted during the depreciation of 
 the currency (1800-1819) should be proportionally reduced, because of the cur- 
 rency having recovered its value. But, though apparently fair and reasonable, it 
 may be easily shov.n that this proposal was altogether indefensible, and that its 
 adoption would have been equivalent to a partial bankruptcy. Though the cir- 
 cunistance was overlooked by Sir James Graham, the depreciation must have 
 acted on the price of the funds precisely as it did acton other things. Had it 
 not existed a proportionally less smn would have sufficed to buy perpetual 
 annuities in the 3, 4, 5, &c. per cents. And that being the case, it is obvious 
 that to have reduced such annuities on pretence of the value of money having 
 risen to par would have been palpably unjust. 
 And though its injustice had been less certain, it is plain, owing to the changes 
 that are always taking place among the holders of funded property, that very 
 many of those who had bought into the funds when the currency was most depre- 
 ciated must have sold out when it was at par or near it. Hence, as tlie proposed 
 reduction would not have affected great numbers of those who are supj)osed to 
 have profited by the depreciation, it was really as inapplicable as it was .subversive 
 of all sound principle. But, how objectionable soever, this .scheme, and others of 
 the same character, had, for a while, many supporters. I am not quite sure, but 
 I rather think, that Sir James latterly admitted that he had been mistaken in the 
 vicivs he originally took of this question. 
 
 ^ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
110 
 
 Commerce, Corn Trade, &c., Tracts on — cont. 
 
 1. Considerations on the Com Laws, by Samuel Johnson, LL.D., 
 
 1839. 
 This Tract, supposed to have been -wTitten in 1776, -n-as not 
 published till 1808. 
 
 2. Eeport of Discussions in the Manchester Chamber of Commerce 
 
 on the Cora Laws, 1S39. 
 
 3. Letter on the Cora Laws to the IManchester Chamber of Com- 
 
 merce, by W. AV. Whitmore,Esq., 1839. 
 
 4. A Second Letter on the Cora Laws to the Manchester Chamber 
 
 of Commerce, by W. W. Whitmore, Esq., 1839. 
 
 5. The Eepeal of the Corn Laws, &c., by John Gladstone, Esq., 
 
 1839. 
 
 6. Speech of the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., on the Com 
 
 Laws, 1839. 
 
 7. Letter to Sir Robert Peel on the Com Laws, by J. P. Westhead, 
 
 1839. 
 
 8. Reasons for not repealing the Cora Laws, by John Broadhiu-st, 
 
 Esq., 1839. 
 
 9. The Question of the Com Laws considered, &c., by "W. Clarke, 
 
 1839. 
 
 10. The House of Lords, the People's Charter, and the Cora Laws, by 
 
 Sir F. Blake, Bart., 1839. 
 
 11. An Addi-ess to the People of the United Kingdom on the Corn 
 
 Laws, by J. D. C, 1839. 
 
 12. Letters to a Noble Lord on National Distress, (1839). 
 
 13. A Few Facts on the Cora Laws, by Arthur Ashpitel, 1839. 
 
 14. Senior's (A) Letters on the Com Laws, by a Member of the 
 
 Temple, 1839. 
 
 15. Effects of the Importation of Wheat on the Profits of Farming, 
 
 by Hevitt Davis, 1839. 
 
 16. An Address to the Chelmsford and Essex Agricultural Society 
 
 on the Cora Laws, by T. Barrett Lennard, Esq., 1839. ) 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Dangeul — Nickolls: Remarques sur les Avantages et les Desavan- 
 
 tages de la France et de la Grande Bretagne par rapport au 
 Commerce. Traduit de I'Anglois du Chevalier John Nickolls. 
 3me edition. 12mo. Paris, 1754. 
 
 Defoe : A Plan of the English Commerce, being a Complete Pro- 
 spect of the Trade of this Xatiou, as well the Home Trade as the 
 Foreign, (by Daniel Defoe.) 8vo. London, 1730. 
 
 Deppiug : Histoire du Commerce entre le Levant et I'Europe 
 
 depuis les Croisades jusqu'a la Fondation des Colonies 
 dAmeriqne, par M. Depping. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1830. 
 
 Deslandes : Essai sur la Marine des Anciens, et particulierement 
 
 sur leurs Vaisseaux de Guerre, par M. Deslandes. 12mo. Paris, 
 1768. 
 
 Dictionnaire Universel, Theorique et Pratique, du Commerce et 
 
 de la Navigation, par une Association des Gens des Lettres, 
 Marchauds, &c. 8vo. 2 gros vols. Paris, 1860-62. 
 
 An elaborate and valuable work. But in attempting to make it complete, the editors 
 have included many things that had much better have been omitted, and which 
 have increased its size so as to render it imwieldy, and unsuitable for ordinary use. 
 
 Dobbs, on the Trade and Improvement of Ireland. 8vo. Dublin, 
 
 1729-1731. See Ireland, Works on. 
 East India Trade, Tracts on. See India. 
 
Ill 
 
 Commerce, Cou\ Trade, &c. — cont. 
 
 Evelyn : Navigation untl Commerce, their Originjil luid Progress, 
 
 by eT. Evelyn, Esq., F.R.S. Small 8vo. Luiulon, 1G74. 
 Included in the Collection of Tracts reprinted by Lord Overstone. 
 Forbonnais : Elemens du Comnu'roo, ])ar M. Forbonnais. 2do 
 
 edition. 12mo. 2 vols. Leyde, (Paris.) 1 7<34. 
 Formaleoni : Ilistoire Pliilo.sopliicine et Politique du Commerce, 
 
 do la Navigation, et des Colonies des Anciensdans laMer Noire, 
 
 traduite de Tltalien dn Signor F'ormalconi, par Ic Chev. d'llennin. 
 
 12mo. 2 vols. Venise, 1789. 
 
 Saggio sulla Nautica Antica dci Veneziani. 8vo. Venezia, 1783. 
 
 Galiani : Dialogues sur le Commerce des Bleds, par M. Galiani. 
 
 8vo. Londres, (Paris,) 1770. 
 
 These Diuhgues -were written by Galiani, Secretary to the Neapolitan Embassy at 
 Paris. Tiicy are ojiposed to the system of the Economists, and to the unlimited 
 freedom of the com trade, though -without approving of absolute jn-ohibition. They 
 are not, however, indebted for their celebrity to their philosopliy, of which they are 
 destitute, but to their vivacity, wit, and the brilliancy of their style. Perhaps 
 no foreigner ever obtained so perfect a mastery over the delicacies of the Erench 
 language, as Galiani has displayed in these Dialogues. Voltaire said of them, 
 II semhle que Phiton et Moliire sc soient rciinis pour composer cet ouvragc. And 
 even Turgot, though hostile to the principles advanced by Galiani, said of the 
 work in a letter to the Abbe IMorellet : — " On ne pent soutenir une bien mauvaise 
 cause avec plus d'esprit, plus de graces, plus d'adresse, de bonne plaisanterie, de 
 finesse meme, et de discussion dans les details. Un tel livre, eerit avec cette 
 elegance, cette legerete de ton, cette proprietc, et cette originality d'expression, et 
 par un etranger, est un phenomene peut-Otre unique. L'ouvrage est tres-amusant ; 
 et malheureusement il sera tres-difficile d'y repondre de fa9on a dissiper la seduc- 
 tion de ce qu'il y a de specieux dans les raisonnemens et de piquant dans la forme. 
 Je voudrais avoir du temps, mais je n'en ai point ; vous n'en avez pas non plus. 
 Dupont est absorbe dans son journal ; I'Abbe Baudeau repondra trop en econo- 
 miste." — (Memoires de Morellet, i. 193.) 
 
 This was a pretty distinct intimation that in Turgot's opinion Morellet had better 
 decline the task of confuting Galiani ; but Morellet thought otherwise, and pro- 
 duced his Refutation des Dialogues sur le Commerce des Bleds ; this, however, 
 though a respectable work, had little effect. The matter-of-fact reasonings of 
 Morellet were not the sort of Aveapons with which to contend against the wit, the 
 raillery, and the badinage of the Dialogues. 
 
 Gee : The Trade and Navigation of Great Britain considered, by- 
 
 Joshua Gee. 12mo. Foulis, Glasgow, 1755. 
 
 Genovesi : Lezioni di Commercio, o sia di Economia Civile. Dell' 
 
 Abate Antonio Geuovesi. 12mo. 2 vols. Milano, 1820. 
 
 Hagemeister : Report on the Commerce of the Ports of New 
 
 Russia, Moldavia, and Wallachia, made to the Russian Govern- 
 ment in 1 835. From the original of M. de Hagemeister. 8vo. 
 London, 1836. 
 
 Hawkins : Ob.servations on the Tin Trade of the Ancients in 
 
 Cornwall, and on the Ictis of Diodorus Siculus, by Sir Christo- 
 pher Ilawkin.s, Bart, F.A.S. 8vo. Loudon, 1811. Half mor., 
 uncut. 
 
 Herbert : Essai sur la Police Generale des Grains, par (M. C. J. 
 
 Herbert.) 12rao. Berlin, (Paris,) 1755. Calf, ex. 
 
 This is, in all respects, an excellent treatise, and may, indeed, be safely placed at the 
 head of the works on commerce that had appeared in Erance, or any wliere else on the 
 Continent, previously to the oera of (^uesnay and the Economists. It i.s clearly 
 
112 
 
 Commerce, Corn Trade, &c, — eont. 
 
 and ably -written, and contains every argument that could be advanced to sbow the 
 pernicious consequences of restrictions on the com trade, and the advantages of 
 freedom, with the exception of those that may be deduced from the new doctrines 
 as to rent and profits. 
 
 IloUraid : Proposals made by his late Highness tlie Prince of 
 
 Orange to the States General, and to the States of Holland and 
 West Friezeland, for Redressing and Amending the Trade of 
 the Republic (Holland), translated from the Dutch. 8vo. 
 London, 1751. 
 This scarce and very valuable tract is included in the Collection of Tracts reprinted 
 by Lord Overstone. 
 
 Huet : Histoire du Commerce et de la Navigation des Anciens, 
 
 par M. Huet, Eveque d'Avranches, 8vo. Lyons, 1763. 
 
 King : The British Merchant, or Commerce Preserved, by Mr. 
 
 Charles King and other eminent Merchants. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 Loudon, 1721. Calf, ex. 
 
 Law : Money and Trade considered, with a Proposal for supplying 
 
 the Nation with Money, by the famous John Law. Foulis, 
 Glasgow, 1760. 
 
 Luzac : La Richesse de la HoUande, par M. Luzac. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 1778. 
 
 Macpherson : Annals of Commerce, Manufactures, Fisheries, and 
 
 Navigation, by David Macpherson. 4to. 4 vols. 
 London, 1805. Russia. 
 
 The History of the European Commerce with India. 
 
 4to. 1812, Half Russia. 
 
 Mallet : De la Ligue Hauseatique, de son Origine, ses Progres, 
 
 &c., par M. Mallet. 8vo. Geneve, 1805. 
 
 M'CuUoch : On Commerce, its Principles and History, by J. R. 
 
 M'Culloch. 8vo. London, 1833. 
 
 A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of 
 
 Commerce and Commercial Navigation. New edition. 
 8vo. London, 1859-60. 
 
 Melon : E^-sai Politique sur le Commerce, par M. Melon. 12mo. 
 
 Paris, 1736. Veau fauve. 
 
 The same Work in English, with Notes by David Bindou, 
 
 Esq. 8vo. Dublin, 1739. 
 
 Mengotti : DelCommercio de' Romani 
 
 , dalla Prima"] 
 tino, Disser- , 
 
 Guerra Punica a Costantino, j^xoo^..- , ,o t i i 
 
 ; . T T-i ^r ^^ I 12mo. Inl vol. 
 
 tazione di Irancesco Mengotti. > iii-i icno 
 
 Ti /-I 11 ^- • 1 n T -1 i^ J- I Milano, 1802. 
 
 II Colbertismo, ossia della Liberta di ' 
 
 Commercio de' Prodotti della Terra. J 
 
 The last-mentioned Dissertation, viz., " II Colbertismo," 
 
 in 8vo. Fireuze, 1819. 
 Mer Noire : Observations sur le Commerce de la Mer Noire et des 
 
 Pays qui la bordent. 12mo. Amst., 1787. 
 Mirabeau : Lettres sur le Commerce des Grains, par le Marquis 
 
 de Mirabeau. 12mo. Paris, 1768. Yeau fauve. 
 Tilorellet : Prospectus d'un Nouveau Dictionnaire du Commerce, 
 
 par M. I'Abbe Morellet. 8vo. Paris, 1769. 
 
113 
 
 Commerce, Con\ Tuade, Sic. — cofif. 
 
 MorcUot : Kofutation dos Dialo^nos Pur Ic Comniorcc dcs Bleds, 
 
 par ]\[oivller. 8vo. Paris, 1770. Old luor. See Galiaiii. 
 
 Mun : Eugilaud's Trcasiuv by Forraiijii Trado, or the IJalanco of 
 
 our Forraigii Trade is tlie Rule of our Treasure. 
 Written by Thomas Mun, of London, Mercliant. Small 
 8vo. London, 1664.* 
 The same AVork, in 12mo, Foulis, Glasgow, 177o. 
 
 The circumstances which led to the publication of this work and of Mun's ti-acts on 
 the trade to India {ante, p. 104) deserve to be stated. 
 
 Previously to the formation of the E. I. Company, in 1600, it had been the policy 
 of Rngiand, as of other nations, to prohibit the exportation of the precious metals, 
 which were then reckoned the only real wealth that a countrj' could possess. 
 But bullion being one of the most advantageous articles of export to the East, this 
 prohibition was relaxed, under certain conditions, in favour of the E. I. Company. 
 And whatever may now be thought of it, this, when taken, was a considerable 
 step in advance; and in no long time it was much and strenuously objected to, 
 as being subversive of all souud principle and highly injurious to the public 
 interests. On this occasion IMun, a distinguished merchant, came forward in 
 defence of the Company. He did not, however, take his stand on the broad ground 
 that the exportation of bullion to the East was advantageous because it was more 
 valuable there then here. He had recourse to a more subtle theory, and tried 
 to reconcile the interests of his clients with the opinions then generally entertained. 
 In this view he contended tliat the exportation of bullion by the Company was 
 advantageous because they employed it to piu-chase commodities in India, most 
 part of which was afterwards sent to the continent, whence a greater amount of 
 bullion was imported in their stead than had originally been expended upon 
 them in India. And hence the famous doctrine of the Balance of Trade, that is, 
 of an excess of exports over imports ; the excess being, it was taken for granted, 
 necessarily paid in gold and silver. No sophistry -was ever more completely 
 successful. Its influence was not confined to England, but extended to most 
 other countries. The rule that in dealing with strangers " we must ever sell 
 more to them yearly than we consume of theirs in value," was looked upon as 
 infallible. Its merits were proclaimed alike by philosophers and merchants, while 
 statesmen exerted themselves to give it a practical efi'ect. Agriculture, commerce, 
 and manufactures ceased to be objects of public solicitude. The " balance of 
 trade '" was regarded as the only source of national wealth, and the only measure 
 of its increase ; and all the complex machineiy of premiums and bounties on the 
 one hand, and of restrictions and prohibitions on the other, was set in motion to 
 render it favourable. It soon, however, became obvious that customs regulations, 
 how vigilantly soever they might be enforced, Avere not sufficient to make the 
 golden current flow in the desired channels. Kecourse was, consequently, had 
 to still more stringent measures. Treaties and alliances were entered into and 
 set .aside, fleets were sent to sea, armies were embodied, and sanguinary conflicts 
 waged in everj- quarter of the globe, in the vain attempt to realise an imaginary 
 advantage, to seize a mere ipjiis fatuus. And siich and so powerful was the 
 delusion, that long after its fallaciousness had been fully demonstrated by North, 
 and by Hume, Smith, and others, it continued to maintain an unimpaired 
 ascendancy. Even in our own times Parliament was annually congratulated on 
 the excess of the exports over the imports. The gilded image of clay and mud 
 stood for more than a centuiy, an object of slavish adoration, after its Ibundanons 
 had been rent in all directions. (From the preface to this tract in the volume 
 printed for the Political Economy Club.) 
 
 Ncckcr : Do la Legislation et le Commerce des Grains, par 
 M. Nccker. 8vo. Paris, 1776. Mor., ex. 
 
 Kut written as parly as KWD or IftM). Literature of Political Ecnnomy, p. "8. 
 
 II 
 
114 
 
 Commerce, Corn Trade, &c. — cont. 
 
 — North : Discourses upon Trade, principally directed to the Cases of 
 
 the Interest, Coynage, Clipping, and Increase of Money, (by Sir 
 
 Dudley North, Brother to the Lord Keeper Guildford.) 4to. 
 
 Grig, edition. London, 1691. Very rare. Fine portrait and 
 
 MS. note of Lord Macaulay inserted. 
 I have characterized this work as follows in the Preface to the Tracts published for 
 
 the Political Economy Club : — 
 Korth is an uncompromising advocate of commercial freedom. He is not, like the 
 greater nvmiber of his predecessors, well informed on one subject and eiToneous on 
 others. An Achilles without a heel, he has no -v-ulnerable points, no bounties, 
 no duties, no prohibitions. His system is sound throughout, consentaneous in its 
 parts, and complete. His reasoning in defence of a moderate seignorage is quite 
 conclusive. Had it been acted upon, the new silver coins issued during the great 
 recoinage of 1696-98 would not have begun, almost immediately, to disappear; 
 and the currency of last centurj' would, speaking generally, have been vastly 
 improved. In commercial matters he shows that nations have the same interest 
 as individuals. He exposes the folly of thinking that any trade advantageous 
 to the merchant can be injurious to the public -, and he ridicules the efforts to 
 retain the precious metals in a country by dint of customs regulations, pronouncing 
 them to be no better than attempts to hedge in the cuckoo ! " For," as he truly 
 observes, " no people ever yet grew rich by policies ; but it is peace, and industry, 
 and freedom that bring trade and wealth, and nothing else." 
 
 Pitkin : A Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States 
 
 of America, including an Account of Banks, Manufactures, Inter- 
 nal Trade, &c., by Timothy Pitkin, Esq. 8to. New Haven, 1835. 
 
 Postlethwayt : The Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce, 
 
 by Malachy Postlethwayt, Esq. Folio. 2 vols. London. 
 
 Proposals for constituting a Council of Trade in Scotland. 12mo. 
 
 Foulis, Glasgow, 1757. 
 This work has been usually ascribed to the famous John Law, of Mississippi 
 celebrity. But it has latterly been affirmed, and apparently on pretty good 
 grounds, that it owes its origin to Paterson, the founder of the Bank of England. 
 
 « Richardson : An Essay on the Causes of the Decline of the Foreign 
 
 Trade, consequently of the Value of Lands in Britain, and on 
 
 • the Means to restore both, (by Richardson, Esq.) 4to. 
 
 London, 1744. 
 It is now a.scertained beyond the possibility- of a doubt, that this work, which has been 
 ascribed by Adam Smith and others to Sir ^latthew Decker, was really the work 
 of Mr. Eichardson, a merchant, who died abroad in 1767. It is liberal and able. 
 
 ■ Roberts : The Merchants' Mappe of Commerce, wherein the Uni- 
 
 versal Manner and Matter of Trade is compendiously 
 handled, &c., by Lewes Roberts, Merchant. Folio. 
 London, 1638. In the original morocco binding. 
 
 The Treasure of Traffike, or a Discourse of Forraigne 
 
 Trade, &c. 4to. London, 1641. 
 
 Scherer : Histoire Raisonnee du Commerce de la Russia, par 
 
 M. Scherer. 8vo. 2 vols, in 1. Paris, 1788. 
 
 - Serionne (de) : Le Commerce de la Hollande, on Tableau du Com- 
 
 merce des HoUandais dans les Quatre Parties du Monde, par 
 Acarias de Serionne. 3 vols. 12mo. Amsterdam, 1768. 
 
 Sismondi : De la Richesse Commerciale, ou Principes d'Economie 
 
 Politique appliques a la Legislation du Commerce, par 
 M. Siraoude de Sismondi. 8vo. 2 vols. Geneve, 1803. Calf, ex. 
 
115 
 
 COMMEKOK, COK\ TkADE, kc. COflt. 
 
 Smith : Thi-pc Tracts on tlio Corn Trade and Corn Ln-wp, hy 
 
 Charles Smith, Esq. 2(1 edition. 8vo. London, ITGt). 
 
 Another Co])y, with Life of the Author, and some iVddi- 
 
 tions, by Georpe Chalmers 8vo. London, IS()4. 
 
 Stevenson : Historical Sketch of the I'roirress of Diseoverr, 
 
 Navicration, and Commerce, from the Earliest Periods to the 
 Beginninir of the Nineteenth Century, hy William Stevenson, Esq. 
 8vo. Ed'inburjih, 1824. 
 
 Stirlincr : The Philosophy of Trade, or Outlines of a Theory of 
 
 Profits and Prices, &c., by Pat. James Stirling, Esq. 8vo. 
 Edinburgh, 1846. 
 
 Sugar (East and West India): Tracts published in 1822 and 
 
 1823, on the Controversy respecting the Equalization of tho 
 Duties on East and West India Sugar, with a Report of the 
 Debate on the Question in the House of Commons. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1822-23. 
 
 Toilcs Peintes : Tracts in the Controversy in relation to the 
 
 Admission of Printed Cloths into France, by Forbonnais, 
 Morellet, and others. 12mo. 1755-59. Veau fauve. Very 
 scarce. 
 
 The question discussed in this volume in regard to the importation of printed clotlis 
 excited great interest in France at the time -when the tracts appeared, as it had 
 previously done in England. Their importation was, on the one hand, opposed 
 by the manufacturers, who resorted to the sophistry usual on such occasions, while, 
 on the other, it was advocated by the merchants, whose interests and those of the 
 public luckily coincided. The cause of the latter was espoused by Morellet, 
 in the ti-act entitled livflvxions sur les Avantages de la lihre Fahriration et de 
 rUsage des Toiles Peintes en France; Geneve, 1758. Though diffuse and less 
 conclusive than it might have been, this is a sound and convincing tract. To 
 counteract its effect the manufacturers published a reply to it, entitled Examen des 
 Effets que doivent prudiiire dans le Commerce de France l' Usage et la Fabrication 
 des Toiles Peintes, ou Reponse a VOuvrage, &c. ; Geneve, 1759. "We are told by 
 Grimm that this last-mentioned tract was written by an advocate of the name 
 of Moreau, of whom and of whose work he speaks in terms of severe but just 
 censure. Among other things Grimm observes, in reference to some statements 
 of Moreau as to the indirect results of these discussions, that he had not failed — 
 " Se Jeter dans les gencralites, de faire remarquer au gouvernement que cet esprit 
 philosophique, cette envie de raisonner et d'examiner qui s'est emparee de la 
 nation, est un esprit pemicieux qui tend a diminuer I'autorite du roi et de ses 
 ministres. II faut etre bien vil pour combattre avec de pai'eilles armes. Si nos 
 mfnistres ctaient assez vils eux-momes pour croire ([u'il vaut mieux maitriser une 
 troupe d'esclaves que de commander a une nation qui pense, M. Moreau pourrait 
 se flatter de faire sa cour par de pareilles bassesses." 
 
 One would think that there was nothing in this statement to object to, but the 
 Censor thought otherwise, and when Grimm's correspondence was published, 
 the article on Toiles Peintes was stnick out.* We are glad to have to add that 
 the Government of that day (1 759) was sagacious enough to see on which side truth 
 and the public interests really lay ; and that it admitted foreign printed cloths on 
 paying the reasonable duty of 1 5 per cent ad valorem. 
 
 Torrens : An Essay on the External Corn Trade, by Colone. 
 
 Torreus. 4th edition. Svo. London, 1827. Calf, ex., II. 8c B. 
 
 Tucker. See Tucker. 
 
 It is now irivcn in the Supplement to llic Corrpspondonco, j). 102, Ac. 
 
 II 2 
 
116 
 
 Commerce, Corn Trade, &c. — cont. 
 
 Ulloa — Forbonnais : Retablissement des Manufactures et du Com- 
 merce d'Espagne. Traduit de I'Espaguol de Don Bernardo de 
 Ulloa, par Forbonnais (?) 12mo. Amsterdam, (Paris,) 1753. 
 
 Ustariz : Theorie et Pratique du Commerce et de la Marine. 
 
 Traduction libre sur I'Espaguol de Don Geronymo de Ustariz. 
 4to. Paris, 1753. Calf, ex. 
 
 Venise : Essai de I'Histoire du Commerce de Venise. 12mo. Paris, 
 
 1729. 
 
 Vincent : The Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients in the 
 
 Indian Ocean, by William Vincent, D.D. 4to. 2 vols. Lon- 
 don, 1807. Russia, ex. 
 
 The first volume of this valuable work, originally published in 1797, contains an 
 account of the voyage of Nearchus, the Admiral of Alexander the Great, ft-om the 
 Indus to the Euphrates. This account, though not translated from, is principally 
 founded on, the journal of the voyage given by Arrian (of Niconiedia), the his- 
 torian of Alexander, in his book on India, the statements in the latter being com- 
 pared with and illustrated by other ancient and a host of modern authorities. 
 
 The second volume principally consists of what is called the " Periplus of the Ery- 
 thraean Sea," from an ancient work of that name, giving an account not merely of 
 the coasts of the Bed iSea, but also of those of Southern Arabia, Persia, and 
 Western India. Neither the author nor the epoch of this work is ascertained. 
 It has, indeed, been commonly ascribed to Arrian, the historian of Alexander, to 
 whom, as stated above, we are indebted for the account of the voyage of Nearchus. 
 But it is now generally admitted that there is no good ground for supposing 
 Arrian to be its author. Dr. Vincent says, it " certainly was not his ;" and sup- 
 poses it to have been the work of a Greek, a native of Egypt, and a merchant of 
 Alexandi-ia, prior to Arrian, by about a centm-y. But, whoever may have been 
 the author of this Periplus, it is an extremely curious and interesting relic. Dr. 
 Vincent makes it, as in the case of the voyage of Nearchus, the foundation of a 
 lengthened work, embracing a detailed account of the navigation and trade of the 
 ancients in the Red Sea and the Indian (Jcean. Elaborate dissertations are 
 annexed to this volume on the country of the Seres; the places and articles referred 
 to in the magnificent account of the commerce of Tyre, in the 27th chapter of the 
 prophet Ezekiel; the compass of the Chinese, &c. {See, also, St. Croix, Examen 
 Critique des Historieus d' Alexandre, pp. 88-102, ed. 2de; Penny Cyclopaedia, 
 art. Arrian, &c.) 
 
 This work evinces throughout great industry, research, and good sense, and is a 
 valuable contribution to the geography of antiquity and the history of commerce. 
 Its principal fault is its prolixity; it might have been compressed, without injury 
 to its merits, within considerably smaller limits. 
 
 Wood : A Survey of Trade, in Four Parts, with Considerations 
 
 on Money and Bullion, by William Wood, Esq. 8vo. Loudon, 
 
 1718. 
 CoMTE : Traite de Legislation, ou Exposition des Lois Generales, par 
 
 Charles Comte. 4 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1826. 
 Corpus Juris Civilis. See Classics, Translations, &c. 
 CONDAMINE : Journal du Voyage a I'Equateur, par M. De la Condamine. 
 
 4to. Paris, 1751. Red mor., ex. 
 
 Relation Abrege d'un Voyage fait dans I'lnterieur d'Amerique 
 
 Meridionale, par M. De la Condamine. 8vo. Maestricht, 1778. 
 
 CoxDE : Histoire de la Domination des Arabes et des Maures en Espagnol 
 
 et en Portugal, redigee sur I'Histoire traduite de I'Arabe en Espagnol 
 
 de M. Joseph Conde, par M. De Maries. Svo. 3 vols. Paris, 1825. 
 
 Calf, gilt. 
 
117 
 
 CoXDF.n : Italy, by Josiali Condor. Esq. 12mo. 3 vols. London, 18.31. 
 
 The ^lodern Traveller ; a Description, (u'ograpliical, Historical, 
 
 and Topojjrapliical, of the Various Countries of the Globe. 
 12nio. 30 vols. London, 1S30. 
 
 This is an excellent work. The descriptions principally consist of extracts from the 
 best travellers ; and the historical portions are carefully condensed from the best 
 authorities. The entire work is conscientiously composed, and may be depended 
 upon. 
 
 CoxDiLLAC : Cours d'Etude pour ITnstruction du Prince de Parnie, par 
 M. I'Abbe De Condilhic. 4to. 13 vols. Deux Pouts, 1782. 
 Veau fauve, gilt. 
 
 Though it has Deux Ponts on its title pages, this edition was really printed at 
 Panna. The work was intended to be a Course of Instruction for the use of the 
 Prince of Parma ; but after a few copies had got into circulation, some passages 
 in it were supposed, by the Court of Madrid, to be of too liberal a character, and 
 its sale was prohibited. Eventually, however, the passages objected to being 
 modified or suppressed, the prohibition was removed, and the work appeared with 
 Deux Ponts on the titles. A spurious edition in 16 vols, had already been issued 
 from that city. 
 
 The works of Condillac are distinguished by clearness of style and closeness of 
 reasoning. That portion of the Cours d'Etudes which consists of a general 
 historical outline is said by a very good judge (M. Daunou) to be Peiit-etre 
 Vesquisse Ic plus raisotinable et le plus impartial qui existe (Etudes Ilistorlqucs, 
 iv. 393). The last volume of the Cours, on the study of history, was contributed 
 by Condlllac's brother, the Abbe de Mably, and is not the best of the series. 
 
 Au Essay on the Origin of Human Knowledge, from the French 
 
 of Condillac, by Mr, Nugent. Svo. London, 1756. 
 CoNDOKCET : Esquisse d'un Tableau Historique des Progres de I'Esprit 
 
 Humain, par Condorcet. Svo. Paris, 1822. Calf, ex. 
 CoNDORCET — Turcot : The Life of M. Turgot, Comptroller General of 
 the Finances of France in 1774, 1775, and 1776, from the French of 
 the Marquis Condorcet. Svo. London, 1787 
 Confession of Faith (the), and Larger and Shorter Catechisms, Solemn 
 League, Covenants, &c., of the Church of Scotland. Svo. Edin., 
 1855. 
 
 Same Book. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1827. Mor., ex. 
 
 The principal pieces in this collection, including the Confession of Faith, the Larger 
 and Shorter Catechisms, the Form of Church Government, &c., were drawn up 
 by the Assembly of Di^anes held at Westminster in 164.') and 1646, when Pres- 
 bj-terianism was in the ascendant. It was attended by delegates from Scotland ; 
 and the pieces refen-ed to having been examined and approved in 1647, by the 
 General Assembly of the Chiu-ch of Scotland, were ratified and enforced by Acts 
 of the Scottish Parliament in 1649 and 1690. And though for the most part 
 neglected and forgotten in England, they continue to be of the highest authority 
 in Scotland, and are appealed to as standards by all classes of Protestants, Mbether 
 churchmen or dissenters. 
 
 Confucius : La Morale de. 12mo. Paris, 1783. Large paper. Red mor., 
 Derome. 
 
 Cook : History of the Reformation in Scotland, by George ~^ 
 
 Cook, D.D. 2d ed. Svo. 3 vols. Edinb. 1819. / ^j .f. 
 
 History of the Church of Scotland, from the Re- > ^'"torm, 
 
 formation to the Revolution. Svo. 3 vols. I ^^^ ' ^^' 
 London, 1815. J 
 
118 
 
 Cook : The Voyages of Captaiu James Cook and others to the Southern 
 and Northern Hemispheres. 4to. 5 vols., and 2 vols. Atlas. London, 
 1777-84. Calf, gilt, fine. See Hawkesworth. 
 
 Cooke : The Medallic History of Rome by, &c. See Roman History. 
 
 Cooper — Socrates : The Life of Socrates, collected from Xenophoa, 
 Plato, &c., by J. G. Cooper, jun., Esq. 3d ed. 8vo. London, 1750. 
 
 Letters concerning Taste, to which are added Essays on similar 
 
 and other Subjects by the Author of the Life of Socrates. 3d 
 edition. Svo. London, 1757. 
 COPLESTONE : An Inquiry into the Doctrines of Necessity and Predesti- 
 nation, by Edward Coplestone, D.D., Bishop of LlandalF. 2d 
 edition. Svo. London, 1821. Calf, ex. 
 
 Letters of, to Sir R. Peel. Svo. Oxford, 1819. 
 
 CoRDiNER : Antiquities and Scenery in the North of Scotland, by the Rev. 
 Charles Cordiner. 4to. London, 1780. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 CoRNEiLLE : (Euvres de Pierre Corneille, avec le Com- "n TjniforTTi 
 mentaire de Voltaire, et les Jugements de La ( _^ ' 
 
 TT r^ 1 1 1 T-i • ?or^i > green mor., 
 
 Harpe. Svo. 11 vols. Pans, 1821. I p 
 
 Chefs-d'CEuvre de Th. Corneille. Svo. Paris, 1821. J ^^' 
 
 Vie de P. Corneille. See Tascherau. 
 
 Cornet : Curiosities of Literature, by J. DTsraeli, Esq., illustrated by 
 Bolton Corney, Esq. 2nd ed. Svo. London, 1838. Olive mor. 
 
 Researches on the Bayeux Tapestry ; and a Critique on the 
 
 New Biographical Dictionary. London, 1838 and 1839. In 
 
 1 thin vol. 8vo. Mor., gilt. 
 
 Comey's Tracts are among the most effective pieces of criticism we have ever met 
 
 ■with. He is intimately acquainted with the subjects of which he treats ; he is 
 
 distinguished by the variety and accuracy of his researches ; and his style is as 
 
 pungent as his facts are telling. 
 
 CoRT : A Practical Treatise on Accounts, Mercantile, Private, and Official, 
 
 by I. P. Cory, Esq. Svo. London, 1840. 
 
 CoRTAT : Crudities, by Thomas Cory at ; reprinted from the Edition of 
 
 1611, with his Letters from India, &c, Svo. 3 vols. London, 1776. 
 
 Light calf, gilt. 
 
 This is a verj- curious book. Coryat, the son of the rector of Adeombe in Somerset, 
 
 was educated at Westminster and Oxford, and had a great deal of originality, 
 
 shrewdness, and vanity- in his composition. He had a sti-ong desire to visit 
 
 foreign countries; and having left England for that purpose in 1608, he travelled 
 
 mostly on foot, and in the same pair of shoes (!), through France, the north of 
 
 Italy to Venice, of which he gives a full description, and then by Germany back 
 
 to England. His account of this expedition, which he called his " Crudities," 
 
 was dedicated to Prince Henry, son of James I., and to it is prefixed a great 
 
 number of " testimonials," mostly in verse, by Ben Johnson, Drayton, and the 
 
 first men of the time, apparently in praise, but really in ridicule of the author. 
 
 The book has, however, a great deal of merit, and supplies much information 
 
 which must at the time have been equally new and valuable. In 1612, the year 
 
 after the Crudities were published, Coryat set out on another journey, in which he 
 
 proposed to ^-isit on foot the Holy Land, the East Indies, China, &c. He died at 
 
 Surat in the course of this expedition. Only a few notices of this portion of his 
 
 travels have been preserved, but they are such as make us regret the loss of the 
 
 fldl account. 
 
 Coryat is said to have been the first who introduced table forks into England. And 
 
 how necessary soever these articles may appear to us, they were entirely unknown 
 
119 
 
 COKYAT COnt. 
 
 in Greece and Kome, and only began to be introduced in the fifteentli and sixteenth 
 centuries.* It is true that instruments called forks were occasionally heard of in 
 the houses of the great and the rich before that period; but, besides being exces- 
 sively rare, it is more than probable that they were wholly used in eating 
 preserves and delicacies of that sort, without ever serving as ordinary table forks.f 
 Con,at, who had been acquainted with the best people in England, never met with 
 a fork till he visited Italy, where they were introduced long before they found 
 their way into other countries. His statement is as follows, viz. : — 
 " I obserucd a eustome in all those Italian cities and townes through the which I 
 passed, that is not used in any other country that I saw in my trauels, neither doe 
 I thinke that any other nation of Christendonie doth vse it, but only Italy. The 
 Italian and also most strangers that are commorant in Italy, doe alwaies at their 
 meales vse a little forke when they cut their meate. For while with their knife, 
 which they hold in one hand, they cut the meate out of the dish, they fysten their 
 f.irke, which they hold in their other hand, vpon the same dish, so that whatsoeuer 
 he be that sitting in the company of any others at mcale, should vnaduisedly 
 touch the dish of meate with his fingers from which all at the table doe cut, he 
 will giue occasion of offence vnto the company, as hauing transgressed the lawes 
 of good manners, in so much that for his error he shall be at the least brow-beaten, 
 if not reprehended in wordes. This forme of feeding I vnderstand is generally 
 vscd in all places of Italy, their forkes being for the most part made of yron or 
 Steele, and some of siluer, but those vscd only by gentlemen. The reason of this 
 their curiosity is, because the Italian cannot by any means indure to have his dish 
 touched with fingers, seing all mens fingers are not alike cleane. Hereupon I 
 my self thought good to imitate the Italian fashion by this forked cutting of meate, 
 not only while I was in Italy, but also in Germany, and oftentimes in England 
 since I came home : being once quipped for that frequent vsing of my forke, by 
 a certain learned gentleman, a familiar friend of mine, one Mr. Laurence Whitaker, 
 who in his merrj- humour doubted not to call me at table /(/rc//lr, only for vsing 
 a forke at feeding, but for no other cause." — (Crudities, i. 106.) 
 The use of steel forks did not become general amongst us till the eighteenth century, 
 while those of silver have been mostly introduced during the present century. 
 
 Cotton : Report of the Proceedings of the East India Comi)any in regard 
 to the Production of Cotton Wool. 8vo. London, 1836. 
 
 Manufacture, Account of, at Dacca in Bengal. Post 8vo. London, 
 
 1851. 
 
 History of. See Baines. 
 
 Hand-Book of. See Ellison. 
 
 CoTTOX : Cottoni Posthuma ; Divers Choice Pieces of that Renowned 
 
 Antiquary, Sir Robert Cotton, by James Howell, Esq. 12mo. London, 
 
 1672. 
 CouLiER : Tables des Principales Positions Geographiques du Globe, 
 
 recueillies et raises en ordre d'apres les Autorites les plus Modernes. 8vo. 
 
 Paris, 1828. 
 CouRNAUD : Vie de I'lnfant Dom Henri de Portugal, par M. I'Abbe Cour- 
 
 naud. 12mo. Lisbon ne, 1781. 
 
 Cousin: De I'lnstruction Publique en Hollande, par M. 
 
 Victor Cousin. Paris, 1837. )>8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Etat de I'lnstruction Primaire en Prusse. 1832. 
 
 CEuvrcs Philosophiques, petit in-8vo. 16 vols. Paris, 1847, &c. 
 
 Blue mor., ex. 
 
 5>8vo. 
 2. J 
 
 * Beckmann's History of Inventions, iv. pp. 38t-3fl5. 
 
 t Our English Home, its Historj- and Progress, 2d ed., p. 46. 
 
120 
 
 Cousin : Fragments Pliilosophiques de la Pliilosphie Aucienne. 3me 
 edition, 8vo. Paris, 1840. 
 
 . de la Philosophie Scliolastique. Svo. 2de edition. Paris, 
 
 18W. 
 
 8vo. Paris, 1826. 
 
 The last 3 vols, uniform, half mor., uncut. 
 Cowley : The Works of Mr. Abraham Cowley. Folio. London, 1674. 
 
 Eussia, gilt leaves, C. Lewis. 
 Cowper: Poems by Wm. Cowper, Esq. Svo. 2 vols."] 
 
 London, 1800. I Calf, ex., 
 
 Poems by ditto. Posthumous ; Sketch of his Life, ?" gilt leaves. 
 
 by John Johnson, LL.D. Svo. London, 1815. J 
 
 Cox : Sabbath Laws and Sabbath Duties, by Robert Cox, Esq. Svo. 
 Edinburgh, 1853. 
 An extremely elaborate, and, indeed, exhaustive work, the gift of the Author. 
 In Scotland, the puritanical obsei-vance of the Sunday is carried to an absurd, and 
 even offensive extent. In Glasgow, which has above 450,000 inhabitants, every 
 possible effort is made, by the prevention of travelling by railways and by the 
 river, to hinder the population from getting into the country on the Sundays. 
 It is supposed that if they can only be made to stay at home, they will go to 
 church, and listen to lengthened and often unintelligible harangues on, what 
 are very generally, the most abstruse portions of the Calvinistic creed. But 
 this scheme, though enforced with a zeal worthy of a better cause, has had 
 veiy little success. And many of those who, but for the unwan-antable 
 interference of the authorities, would have been enjoying the beauties of the 
 Clyde and Loch Lomond on Sundays, spend them in drinking and debauchery. 
 And so it is to a greater or less extent all over the countrj-. The results are 
 such as every man, who is not a bigot, would anticipate. There is a vast deal of 
 pretension, cant, spiritual pride, and intolerance, with but little genuine religion ; 
 and there is, at the same time, an immense amount of drunkenness and of all sorts 
 of profligacy. It is really surprising that the good sense of the public should 
 submit to the continuance of so intolerant and so demoralising a system. 
 
 The Life of Philip Melancthon, by F. A. Cox, A.M. Svo. London, 
 
 1815. 
 This is a respectable account of one of the leading refoiTuers of the 16th century 
 (born 1497, died 1560). Though inferior to Luther in energy and boldness of 
 character, Melancthon was his superior in learning and literary talent. Being of 
 a comparatively mild and tolerant disposition, he would have agreed to the com- 
 promise, attempted in 1548, between the extreme religious parties. But this 
 scheme ended, as such schemes uniformly do, in increased irritation, at the same 
 time that it exposed him to much abuse, especially from the zealots on his own 
 side. 
 CoxE, the Rev. William, M.A., Rector of Bemerton, &c., the following 
 Works of, viz. : — 
 
 Travels in the North of Europe, including Poland, Russia, Sweden, 
 
 and Denmark. Svo. 5 vols. 5th edition. London, 1802. 
 
 Travels in Switzerland and the Grisons. 8vo. 4th edition. 3 vols. 
 
 London, 1801. 
 
 Account of the Russian Discoveries between Asia and America, 
 
 with the History of the Conquest of Siberia, and of the Trade 
 between Russia and China. Svo. London, 1803. 
 The above in calf, uniform. 
 
 History and biography, especially the latter, form a large and most interesting por- 
 tion of Coxe's travels. In the countries which he visited there was little scope for 
 
121 
 
 COXE COllt. 
 
 personal adventures; and these, unless there be somethin^r peculiar about them, 
 are, for the most part, both tedious and uninterestinpj. Hut C'oxe's travels will 
 always be referred to, both for their historical and biographical details, which are 
 derived from the best sources, and clearly and briefly stated, and for their exhibit- 
 ing the true state of the countries at the time that he travelled in them. His 
 historical works are also valuable. 
 
 .Memoirs of the Life and Ailiniiiistration of Sir R. Waliiole. 8vo. 
 
 3 vols. London. 1 800. 
 
 ^Memoirs of Horatio Lord Walpolo. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1808. 
 
 . History of the House of Austria, from the Foundation of tlie 
 
 jNIonarchy by Khodolph of Hapsburjili to the Demise of Leo- 
 pold IL 4to. 3 vols, London, 1807. Russia. 
 
 Memoirs of the Administration of the Right Hon. Henry Pelham. 
 
 4to. 2 vols. London, 1829. 
 
 Sketches of the Lives of Corrcgio and Parmcgiano. Post 8vo. 
 
 London, 1823. Calf, ex. 
 Coyer : Histoire de Jean Sobieski, Roi do Pologne, par M. I'Abbe Coyer. 
 12mo. 3 vols. Varsovie, 1761. 
 
 Crabb : English Synonymes explained, in Alphabetical Order; with copious 
 
 Illustrations and Examples, by George Crabb, Mag. ILiU, Oxford. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1816. 
 
 A useful publication, but very inferior to the classical work of Girard on French 
 
 synonymes. Dr. Whately has published an excellent little work on the same 
 
 subject. 
 
 Cragii (Nic.) de Republica Laceda^nloniorum Libri IV. 12mo. Lugd. 
 Bat., 1670. 
 
 Cr.vig, Sir Thomas : Thoma) Cragii de Riccarton, Equitis, Jus Feudale, 
 tribus libris comprehensum. Editio tertia, prioribus multo emendatior, 
 opera et studio Jacobi Baillie. Folio. Edinburgi, 1732. 
 This is a work of the highest reputation. Bishop Nicolson says, — " The incom- 
 parable Th. Craig's Jus Feudale will be a lasting monument of the extraordi- 
 nary learning of its great author." — (Scottish Historical Library, p. 81, ed. 1776.) 
 
 Craik : A Compendious History of English Literature and of the English 
 
 Language, from the Norman Conquest, with numerous specimens, by 
 
 George L. Craik, LL.D. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1861. 
 
 Cramer : Geographical and Historical Description of Ancient Italy, with 
 
 a Map (separate) and Plan of Ancient Rome, by the 
 
 Rev. J. A. Cramer, M. A. 8vo. 2 vols. Oxford, 1826. 
 
 ■ of Ancient Greece, with Maps (separate). Svo. 3 vols. 
 
 Oxford, 1828. 
 
 of Asia Minor, with a Map. Svo. 2 vols. Oxford, 1832. 
 
 A set of exceedingly usefixl publications. 
 
 Crantz : The History of Greenland, translated from the Dutch of David 
 
 Crantz. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1767. Calf, gilt. 
 Crasset, sur les Sibylles. See Sibylline Oracles. 
 Craufurd : Essais sur la Litteraturc Framjaise, i)ar M. Craufurd. Svo. 
 
 3 vols. Paris, 1815. 
 
122 
 
 Craven : A Tour through the Southern Provinces of the Kingdom of 
 
 Naples, by the Hon. R. K. Craven. 4to. Loudon, 1821. 
 Crawfukd : History of the Indian Archipelago, by John Craufurd, Esq. 
 8vo. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1 820. Calf, ex. 
 
 Malay Dictionary. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1852. 
 
 These works were given to me by my old and very learned friend the author. 
 Crebtllon, Les CEuvres de M. de. Grand papier, figures avant les lettres. 
 
 Svo. 3 vols. Paris, 1785. Mor. ex. 
 Creech : Edinburgh Fugitive Pieces, with Letters, &c., by William 
 Creech, Esq., late Lord Provost of Edinburgh. Svo. Edinburgh, 
 1815, with a portrait. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 This is an instructive and an amusing miscellany. The paper, contrasting the 
 Edinburgh of 1763 with the Edinburgh of 1783 and 1790, is peculiarly interesting; 
 and we should be glad to see it continued to the present time. The Author, who 
 was a bookseller, was also a scholar and a gentleman. His shop, now pulled 
 down, in the centre of the High Street, was long the resort of the literati of the 
 city. He either published or was concerned in the publication of most part of 
 the great works that emanated from the Edinbui'gh press during the half century 
 ending with 1815. 
 
 Ckeuzer : Religions de I'Antiquite consideres principalement dans leurs 
 
 Formes Symboliques et Mythologiques, par le Dr. F. Creuzer, traduit de 
 
 TAllemaud par M. Guigniaut. Svo. 4 vols. Paris, 1825. Half mor., 
 
 uncut. 
 
 Crevier : Histoire des Empereurs Remains, depuis Auguste jusqu'a Con- 
 
 stantin, par M. Crevier. 4to. 6 vols. Paris, 1750. Old calf, 
 
 uniform with the Works of Rollin. (For translation, see Mills.) 
 
 Histoire de I'Universite de Paris. 12mo. 8 vols. Paris, 1761. 
 
 Old calf, gilt. (Scarce.) 
 ■ — Rhetorique Fran^oise. 12mo. 2 tomes. Paris, 1765. 
 
 Cristiani : See Weights and Measures. 
 Croisades : L'Esprit des Croisades. 4 vols. Paris, 1780. {See, also, 
 
 Heeren and Michaud.) 
 Cromek : Remains of Nithsdale and Galloway Song, by R. H. Cromek, 
 F.A.S.Ed. Svo. London, 1810. (<S'ee Burns.) 
 
 Select Scottish Songs, with Observations, &c., by Burns, edited by 
 
 R. H. Cromek. Post Svo. 2 vols. London, 1810. H. & B. 
 Crompton — French : The Life and Times of Samuel Crompton, Inventor 
 of the Spinning Machine called the "Mule," by G. I. French. Post Svo. 
 London and Manchester, 1859. 
 Crossinge : Discourses on Charity, by Richard Crossinge, B.D. 2d edition. 
 
 Svo. London, 1732. Mor. 
 Cri:den : Concordance to the Holy Scriptures, by Alexander Cruden, M.A. 
 3d and best edition. 4to. London, 1769. Russia, gilt leaves. 
 This is a fine copy of an elaborate, valuable, and, I think, interesting work. Mr. 
 Orme says, " The work is uncommonly complete, the definitions of leading 
 words remarkably accurate, and the references exceedingly correct " (Bibliotheca 
 Biblica, p. 120). 
 The Author, a native of Aberdeen, where he was bom in 1700, was unhappily sub- 
 ject to fits of insanity. He dedicated his work to Queen Caroline, and had not 
 Her ISIajesty died soon after he would most likely have benefited by her bounty or 
 recommendation. He died in 1770; and despite his eccentricities, and his 
 humble employment of corrector of the press, he left some property. 
 
123 
 
 Crumpe : An Essay on the Best Means of Providing Employment for the 
 People ; to •which was adjndired the Prize proposed by the Royal Irish 
 Academy for the best Dissertation on the Subject ; by Samuel Crumpe, 
 M.D. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1790. 
 
 It is but seldom that a prize essay is worth looking into. The present, however, is 
 an exception to the common rule, and is a really valuable publication. The author 
 ■was an intelligent physician, residing in Limerick. The principles which per\'ade 
 the work are sound ; and those parts of it Mhich have special reference to Ireland 
 are distinguished by the absence of prejudice, and by their practical good sense. 
 
 Crusius : The Lives of the Roman Poets, by L. Crusius. 4to. 2 vols. 
 London, 1732; and 12mo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1753. Calf, ex. 
 
 CuDWORTn : The True Intellectual System of the Universe, by Ralph 
 Cudworth, D.D., with his Treatise on Eternal and Immutable Morality, 
 and the Notes on the former of Dr. J. L. ^losheim, by John Harrison, 
 M.A. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1845. Calf, gilt., II. & B. 
 
 Hallam refers to Cudworth as follows, viz., — 
 
 " Ealph Cudworth, by his Intellectual System of the Universe, published in 1678, 
 but written several years before, placed himself in a middle point between the 
 declining and rising schools of philosophy ; more independent of authority, and 
 more close, perhaps, in argument than the former, but more prodigal of learning, 
 more technical in language, and less conversant with analytical and inductive 
 processes of reasoning than the latter. Upon the whole, however, he belongs to 
 the school of antiquity, and probably his wish was to be classed with it. Cud- 
 worth was one of those whom Hobbes had roused by the atheistic and immoral 
 theories of the I^eviathan ; nor did any antagonist, perhaps, of that philosopher 
 bring a more vigorous understanding to^the combat. This imderstanding was not 
 so much obstructed in its own exercise by a vast erudition, as it was sometimes 
 concealed by it from the reader. Cudworth has passed more for a recorder of 
 ancient philosophy than for one who might stand in a respectable class among 
 philosophers ; and his work, though long, being unfinished, as well as full of 
 digression, its object has not been fully apprehended 
 
 " Inasmuch as even a second-rate philosopher ranks higher in literary precedence 
 than the most learned reporter of other men's doctrine, it may be unfortunate for 
 Cudworth's reputation, that he consumed so much time upon mere learning, even 
 though that should be reckoned more useful and valuable than his own reason- 
 ings. These, however, are frequently valuable, and, as I have intimated above, 
 he is partially tinctured by the philosophy of his own generation, while he en- 
 deavours to tread in the ancient paths. Yet, he seems not aware of the place 
 which Bacon, Descartes, and Gassendi were to hold ; and not only names them 
 sometimes with censure, hardly with praise, but most inexcusably throws out 
 several intimations that they had designedly served the cause of atheism. The 
 disposition of the two fonner to slight the argument from final causes, though it 
 might justly be animadverted upon, could not wan-ant this most uncandid and 
 untrue aspersion. 
 
 " Cudworth is too credulous and uncritical about ancient writings, defending all as 
 genuine, even where his own age had been sceptical. His terminology is stiiT and 
 pedantic, as is the case with all our older metaphysicians, abounding in words 
 which the English language has not recognized. He is full of the ancients, but 
 rarely quotes the schoolmen. Hobbes is the adversary with whom he most 
 grapples ; the materialism, the resolving all ideas into sensation, the low morality 
 of that writer, were obnoxious to the animadversion of so strenuous an advocate of 
 a more elevated philosophy. In some respects Cudworth has, as I conceive, much 
 the advantage ; in others, he will generally be thought by our metaphysicians to 
 want precision and logical reasoning ; and, upon the whole, we nnist rank him, in 
 philosophical acumen far below liobbes, Malebranche, and Locke, but also far 
 
124. 
 
 Cddworth — cont. 
 
 above any mere Aristotelians, or retailers of Scotus and Aquinas." — (Lit. of 
 Europe, iv. 187, &c.) 
 Mosheim translated the Intellectual System of Cudworth into Latin, and added to it 
 very extensive and learned notes. These have been translated into English by 
 Harrison, and added to this edition of the -work, the value of which is in conse- 
 quence very much increased. 
 
 Cumberland : Anecdotes of Eminent Painters in Spain, by Rich. Cum- 
 berland. 12mo. 2 vols. London, 1782, 
 
 Origines Gentium Antiquissimje, or Attempts for Discover- 
 
 ing the Times of the First PLanting of Nations, by the Right 
 Rev. R. Cumberland, D.D,, Bishop of Peterborough. 8vo. 
 London, 1724. 
 
 — Sanchoniathon's Phoenician History, from the First Book of Euse- 
 
 bius, with many Additions, with an Account of the Author. 
 Svo. London, 1720. 
 
 Traite Philosophique des Loix Naturelles, traduit du Latin du 
 
 Docteur R. Cumberland, par M. Barbeyrac, avec des Notes 
 du Traducteur. 4to. Amsterdam, 1744. Old mor., gilt. 
 
 On Jewish Weights and Measures. See Works on that Subject. 
 
 Cunningham : The Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern, with an In- 
 troduction and Notes, Historical and Critical, by Allan Cun- 
 ningham. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1825. 
 
 Ladak, Physical, .Statistical, and Historical, with Notices of the 
 
 surrounding Countries, by Alexander Cunningham, Bengal En- 
 gineers. Royal 8vo. London, 1854. 
 
 . The History of Great Britain, from the Revolution of 1688 to the 
 
 Accession of George L, from the Latin of Alex. Cunningham, 
 Esq. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1787. 
 
 The Church History of Scotland from the Commencement of the 
 
 Christian ^ra to the present Century, by the Rev. John 
 Cunningham, Minister of Crieff. Svo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1859. 
 
 We borrow fi-om the Preface to this work the following statement : — " In writing this 
 histoiy I have endeavoured, above all things, to purge my heart of all leaven of 
 polemical and party hatred, and to follow faithfully both truth and charity. I have 
 not concealed my own sentiments, for it had been either hj-pocrisy or cowardice 
 to have done so ; but I have endeavoured to state them without asperity, and to 
 do justice to the motives, the opinions, and the conduct of those M-ho differ from 
 me. Though I cannot hope that I have arrived at perfect impartiality, I trust 
 I have never sacrificed truth to subserve a party purpose. I have seen enough 
 and read enough to know that worth and wisdom are not confined to any Church 
 or any sect, and that infallibility does not belong to Presbytery any more than to 
 Popery." 
 
 The reader will find that these promises have been kept as weU as made ; and 
 that Mr. Cunningham has supplied him, vdthin a reasonable compass, with a really 
 fair, moderate, and rational history of the Scottish Church. 
 
 CuRRAN : The Life of the Right Hon. J. P. Curran, by his Son, W. H. 
 Curran. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1819. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
125 
 
 Currency, or Metallic and Pater Monet, Ranking, &c. 
 in 8vo., viz. : — 
 
 1. Practical Observations on the Report of tlie Bullion Conimittco,"" 
 
 by Charles Bosanquet, Esq., 1810. 
 
 2. A Keview of the Controversy respecting the High Price of 
 
 Bullion, 1811. 
 
 3. Speecli of Mr. Johnstone on the Third Reading of Lord Stan- 
 
 hope's Bill. 1811. 
 
 4. Defence of Abstract Currencies, by Glocester Wilson, Esq., 
 
 F.K.S.. 1811. 
 
 5. The Effects of the Continuance or Removal of the Restriction on 
 
 Cash Payments, by K. Torrens, Esq., 1819. 
 
 1. Considerations on ^foney. Bullion, and Foreign Exchanges, 
 
 by Beldam, Esq., 1772. 
 
 2. Obsers-ations on the Present State of our Gold and Silver Coins, 
 
 1730, by the late John Conduit, Esq., M.P., 1774. 
 
 3. Proposal for Rcstorinij the Ancient Constitution of the ^lint, by V 
 
 the Rev. Rogers Ruding, B.D., 1799. 
 
 4. The Utility of Country Banks considered. 1802. 
 
 5. Thoughts on the Effects of the Bank Restriction, by Lord King, 
 
 1804. 
 
 Tracta on, 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 1. Observations on the Effects of the Expenditure of Government"] 
 
 during the Restriction of Cash Payments, by William Blake, 
 Esq., F.R.S., 1823, and IMSS. Note of Author. 
 
 2. Plan for a National Bank, by David Ricardo, Esq., M.P., 1824. 
 
 3. Elementarj- Propositions, illustrative of the Principles of Cur- 
 
 rency, by Heniy Drumniond, 1826. 
 
 4. A Letter to Lord Archibald Hamilton, on Alterations in the 
 
 Value of Money, 1 823. 
 
 5. The late Prosperity and Present Adversity of the Country ex- 
 
 plained in a Correspondence between Sir John Sinclair and 
 IMr. Thomas Attwood, 182G. 
 
 6. The State of our Circulation and Currency briefly considered, 
 
 1826. 
 
 7. The State of our Circidation and Currency briefly considered, 
 
 in a Second Letter, by Jasper Atkinson, Esq., 1826. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 1 . The Theorj- of Money, or a Practical Inquirj- into the Present "| 
 
 State of the Circulating iMedium, 1811. 
 
 2. Elementary- Thoughts on the Bullion Question, 1820. i . i 
 
 3. General View of the I listory and Objects of the Bank of England, '' ^ 
 
 by John M'Cay, 1822. 
 
 4. A Review of the Banking System of Britain, 1821. 
 
 u 
 
 1. Considerations on the State of the Currency, by Thomas Tooke, " 
 
 F.R.S., 1826. 
 
 2. The Effects of the Issues of the Bank of England on its own 
 
 Interests, Public Credit, and Country Banks, by Robert Mushet, 
 1826. 
 
 3. Observations on Paper Money, Banking, and Over Trading, by 
 
 Sir Henry Parnell, Bart., M.P., 1827. 
 
 4. A Practical Treatise on Banking, by James William Gilbart, 
 
 1827. 
 
 1. The Causes and Consequences of the Pressure upon the Money 
 
 Market, &c., by J. Horsley Palmer, Esq., 1837. 
 
 2. Reflections on Mr. Horsley Palmer's Pamphlet on the Causes, 
 
 &c., by S. J. Ix)yd, Esq., 1837. 
 
 3. Reply to the Reflections of Mr. Loyd, by J, Horsley Palmer, 
 
 Esq., 1837. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
126 
 
 CUERENCY, OR METALLIC AND PaPER MoNEY, BANKING, &C., TractS On- 
 
 cont. 
 
 4. Observations on the Pamphlet of Mr. Palmer, by Samson 
 
 Eicardo, Esq., 1837. 
 
 5. Purther Reflections on the State of the Cmrency, by S. J. Loyd, 
 
 Esq., 1837. 
 
 6. A Defence of Joint Stock Banks, by David Salomons, Esq., 
 
 1837. 
 
 7. The Cause of the Present Money Crisis explained, by "W. 
 
 Bennison, 1837. 
 
 8. Letter to Lord Melbourne on the Derangement of the Money 
 
 Market, and on Bank Refonn, by R. Torrens, Esq., F.R.S., 
 1837. 
 
 9. Letter to Thomas Tooke, Esq., on Bank Reform, by R. Torrens, 
 
 Esq., F.R.S., 1840. 
 
 10. The Currency and the Country, by J. G. Hubbard, Esq., 1843, 
 
 (Director of the Bank of England). 
 
 11. An Inconvertible National Paper Currency best adapted to increase 
 
 Commerce, &c., by William Blacker, 1838. 
 
 12. Tne Safety and Advantages of Joint Stock Banking, by an 
 
 Accountant, 1833. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 1. Speech of William Clay, Esq., M.P. (now Sir William Clay, 
 
 Bart.) on Joint Stock Banks, &c., 1836. 
 
 2. The Safety Principle of Joint Stock Banks and other Companies, 
 
 by H. S. Chapman, 1837. 
 
 3. Remarks on the Question of again permitting the Issue of One 
 
 Pound Notes by the Bank of England, &c. (by W. A. Mackinnon, 
 Esq., M.P., 1830.) 
 
 4. Money, the Representative of Value, &c., 1837. 
 
 5. Thoughts on the Currency, 1842. 
 
 6. Thoughts on the Principles of Banks, and the Wisdom of Legis- 
 
 lative Interference, 1837. 
 
 7. Letter from the Honourable IMartin Van Buren, relative to the 
 
 Bank of the United States, 1836. 
 
 8. Metallic Currency, the Cause of the Money Crisis in England 
 
 and America, 1839. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 1. Metallic, Paper, and Credit Currency, &c., by J. W. Bosanquet, 
 
 Esq., 1842. 
 
 2. Letters to the Right Honourable F. T. Baring on Paper Cur- 
 
 rency, by J. W. Cowell, B.A., 1843. } \ vol. 
 
 3. An Inquiry into the Currency Principle, &c., by Thomas Tooke, 
 
 Esq., F.R.S., 1844. 
 
 4. An Essay on Money, its Origin and Use, 1833. 
 
 1. Tracts relative to the Bank of England. "] 
 
 2. Hints by way of Warning in relation to Joint Stock Banks, by 
 
 George Farren, 1833. 
 
 3. An Examination of the Bank Charter Question, by G. Poulett 
 
 Scrope, Esq., F.R.S., M.P., 1833. 
 
 4. An Impartial Inquiry into the Bank Question, by a Merchant, 
 
 1833. )■ 
 
 5. The Currency and its Connexion with National Distress, by 
 
 'H. 0., 1836. 
 
 6. Observations on the Metallic Currency of this Country, by W. II. 
 
 Morrison, Esq., 1837. 
 
 7. Letter to Lord Melbourne on the Position and Proceedings of the 
 
 Bank of England, by a Merchant, 1840. J 
 
 vol. 
 
127 
 
 CtTRREXCY, OR METALLIC AND PaPER MoNEY, BaXKIXO, &C., Tract3 OIl- 
 
 cont. 
 
 1. Historical Sketch of the Bank of England, (hy J. R. M'CulIoch,) 
 
 1S31. 
 
 2. A I>etter to Lord Grcnviile on the Resumption of Cash Pay- 
 
 ments, by Thomas Tooke. Esq., F.R.S.. 1829. 
 
 3. On the Currency, Corn Trade, and Com Laws, by the same, 1829. 
 
 4. Letter to the Right Hon. George Canning on Internal Bills of ^ I vol. 
 
 Exchange, &c., by Henry Burgess, Esq., 1826. 
 
 5. A Practical Treatise on Banking, by J. W. Gilbart, (ilanager of 
 
 Westminster Bank.) 1827. 
 
 6. Considerations on the Currency and Banking System of the 
 
 United States, by Albert Galbatin, 1831. J 
 
 1. A Critical Inquiry into the Legality of Proceedings consequent 
 
 on the late Gold" Act, 1774. 
 
 2. Thoughts upon a New Coinage of Silver, 1798. 
 
 3. The Influence of the Stoppage of Issues in Specie at the Bank of 
 
 England on the Prices of Provisions, &c., by Walter Boyd, Esq., 
 M.P., 1801. 
 
 4. Obser^-ations on State of the Currency in Ireland, by Henry I , t 
 
 Parnell, Esq. 2d edition. 1804. ^ i voi. 
 
 5. Effects produced on the National Currency by the Bank Restric- 
 
 tion Bill, by Robert Mushet, 1810. 
 
 6. Reflections on the Abundance of Paper in Circulation, &c., by 
 
 Sir Philip Francis, K.B. 2d edition. 1810. 
 
 7. Report of the Secretary- of the Treasury of the United States, on 
 
 the Bank of the United States, &c., 1820. 
 \. Essays on ]\Ioney Exchanges and Political Economy, by Henry 
 Jame.s, 1820. No. 1. 
 
 2. Ditto, by ditto. No. 2. 
 
 3. A Practical Treatise on Banking, by Jas. Wm. Gilbart. 2d 
 
 edition. 1828. 
 
 4. The Philosophy of Joint Stock Banking, by G. M. Bell, 1 840. 
 
 5. Observations on the Report of the Bullion Committee in 1810, by 
 
 A. G. Stapleton, Esq., 1837. 
 
 1. Inquiry into the Currency Principle, by Thomas Tooke, Esq.,^ 
 
 F.R.S., 1844. 
 
 2. Speeches of the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., in the House 
 
 of Commons on the 6th and 20th May 1844, on the Renewal of 
 the Bank Charter, 1844. 
 
 3. Inquiry into the Practical Working of the Proposed Arrange- 
 
 ments for the Renewal of the Charter of the Bank of England, 
 by R. Torrens, Esq., 1844. 
 
 4. On the Regulation of Currencies, and the Restriction of the 
 
 Issues of the Bank of England, by John Fullarton, E.sq., 1844. 
 
 5. Reflections on the Connexion between our Gold Standard and 
 
 Monetary Vicissitudes, by David Salomons, Esq., 1843. 
 
 1. Essays on the Public Debt, on Paper Money, Banking, and Fru- 
 
 gafity, 175.5. 
 
 2. A Discourse concerning the Currencies of the British Plantations 
 
 in America, 1751. 
 
 3. An Essay on Paper Circulation, 1764. 
 
 4. An Essay on the Theory of Money. 1771. V Ivol. 
 
 5. A Treatise upon Money. Coins, and Exchange in regard both to 
 
 Theorj- and Practice, by John Hewitt, 1755. 
 
 6. Observ-ations on the Present State of our Gold and Silver Coins, 
 
 1730, by John Conduit, Esq., 1774. 
 
 7. Considerations on Money, Bullion, and Foreign Exchanges, 1772.^ 
 
 See, also, Ovcrstone (Lord) for Tracts, &c., by. 
 
 ^ 1 vol. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
128 
 
 Cyclopedia : The Penny Cyclopfedia of the Society for the Diffusion of 
 Useful Knowledge. Folio. 29 vols., including 2 of Supplement. 
 London, 1833, &c. 
 The worst part of this work is its title, which is both quackish and absurd ;. otherwise 
 it is a publication of very great merit. 
 
 D. 
 
 D'Aguesseau : Discours et autres Ouvrages de M. le Chancelier 
 D'Aguesseau. 12mo. 2 vols, in 1. Amsterdam, (Paris,) 1756. 
 Mor., ex. 
 
 D'Aguesseau was one of the most illustrious of the illustrious magistrates that have 
 presided in the high courts of France. His works are very voluminous (4to. 13 
 vols., 1787-89) ; but the most valuable, and those of most interest, are contained in 
 the volumes now referred to. As a judge, the only fault of which he was ever 
 accused was a certain dilatoriness or hesitation in coming to a decision. On this 
 being mentioned to him by his son, he answered : — " IMy child, when you shall have 
 read what I have read, seen what I have seen, and heard what I have heard, you 
 will feel that if on any subject you know much, there may be also much that 
 you do not know ; and that something even of what you know may not at the 
 moment be in your recollection. You will then too be sensible of the mischievous 
 and often ruinous consequences of even a small error in a decision ; and conscience, 
 I trust, will then make you as doubtful, as timid, and consequently as dilatory, as 
 I am accused of being." — (Butler's Reminiscences, p. 265.) 
 D'Alembert : Histoire des Membres de I'Academie Frangoise morts 
 
 depuis 1700 jusqu'en 1771, par M. D'Alembert. 12mo. 6 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1787. 
 
 Melanp;es de Litterature, d'Histoire, et de Philosophic. 12mo. 
 
 5 vols. Paris, 1759. Calf, gilt. 
 
 The famous Inti'oductory Discourse to the Encyclopedie is to be found in the 
 first of these volumes. 
 
 Dallaway : Inquiries into the Origin and Progress of the Science of 
 Heraldry in England, with Explanatory Observations on Ar- 
 morial Ensigns, by James Dallaway, A.M. 4to. G-loucester, 
 1793. Russia, extra. 
 
 Constantinople, Ancient and Modern, with Excursions to the 
 
 Shores and Islands of the Archipelago, and to the Troad. 4to. 
 London, 1797. Large paper. Russia. 
 
 Anecdotes of the Arts in England, of Comparative Remarks on 
 
 Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting. 8vo. London, 1800. 
 
 Dalrymple : Annals of Scotland, from the Accession of Malcolm III. in 
 M.LVII. to the Accession of the House of Stewart in 
 M.CCC.LXXL, to which are added Tracts relative to the 
 History and Antiquities of Scotland, by Sir David Dalrymple, 
 of Hailes, Bart. (Lord Hailes). 8vo. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1819. Calf, ex. 
 
 Remarks on the History of Scotland, by Sir D. D., to which is 
 
 added a Letter to the Author by Lord Elibank. Post 8vo. 
 Edinburgh, 1773. Calf, ex. 
 
129 
 
 DALnYMPLK : Tracts liy Lord ITailos, on sovoral Siilijools romircfod with 
 the History and Antiiinifics of Scotland, indndini,' Case for 
 the Countess of Sutlicrland, " Canons of the Clniicli of Scot- 
 land," "Koniarks on licgiain Majestatem," &c. 4to. Edin- 
 burgh, V. Y. 
 
 Lord Hailcs was au cxcccdin<ily careful and sagacious investifiator. His Annals is 
 the best work on the early history of Scotland. His other pieces are all valuable. 
 
 • An Essay towards a General History of Feudal Property in Great 
 
 Britain, l)y John Dalryniple, Esq. 3d edition. 8yo. London, 
 17o8. 
 
 It is stated in the dedication of this work (to Lord Kanies) that parts of it were 
 re\'ised by ISIontesquieu, and it was not unworthy even of his supervision. — " Cet 
 ouvrage, icrit avec yout, ct plein dc plii/osophie pulitifpir, contictit plus que ce litre tie 
 Vannonce, mcnie Phistoire dc la constitution dii parlement d'Anyleterre. II seruit 
 desirable qu\m le traduisit en Frangais, et qu'on nous donnait un ouvrage semblable 
 pour notre pai/s." — (Dupin.) 
 
 Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland from the Dissolution of tho 
 
 last Parliament of Charles II. till the Ca])tnre of the French 
 and Spanish Fleets at Vigo (in 1702). By Sir John Dalrymple, 
 Bart. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1790. 
 Dalzel : History of the University of Edinburgh, from its Foundation, 
 by Andrew Dalzel, Professor of Greek in that University, with a 
 Memoir of the Author, (bv Cosmo Innes, E.sq.) Svo. 2 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1862. Uncut, half morocco. 
 Dampier, &c. : A Collection of Voyages, containing Captain "William 
 Darapier's Voyages Hound the World, &c. 8vo. 4 vols. Loudon, 1729. 
 One of the best of the old voyagers. 
 Daxiel : Ilistoire de la Milice Frangoisc depuis I'Etablissement de la 
 Monarchic jusqu'a la Fin du Regne de Louis XIV., par le Rev. 
 Pere Daniel. 4to. 2 vols. Paris, 1721. Large paper, old morocco, 
 gilt leaves. 
 Daxte : La Divina Commcdia di Dante Alighieri, giii. ridotta a miglior 
 Lezione degli Accademici della Crusca, ed ora accuratemente emendata, 
 col Commento del P. Pompeo Venturi. Svo. 3 vols. Fircnze, 1831. 
 Mor., uncut. Hayday. 
 
 This is the most celebrated poem of modern Italy, and a work of great genius. 
 Homer's Ulysses and Virgil's iEneas descended into the realm of Pluto ; but the 
 infermation which they brought back from their subterranean tours was for the 
 most part of a very vague description , and better fitted to excite than to gratify 
 curiosity. The expedition of ])ante* was of quite a different character. Under 
 the guidance of Virgil and Beatrice (his deceased mistress), he successively 
 explored, and describes in different portions of his poem, the Infernal liegions, 
 Purgatory, and Paradise ; with their mysteries and tlieir occupants. ( )f these 
 portions the Inferno is admitted by all critics to be by far the best. Dante lias not 
 peopled his Tartarus with imaginary beings, but with the leading men, the chief 
 priests, soldiers, and civilians of the Italy of his own times and of those innne- 
 diately preceding, whose conduct had entitled them to a place in that undesirable 
 region ; and his gloomy imagination has depicted their various crimes, and the 
 punishments to which they were subjected, in the darkest colours, but yet, in most 
 cases, with a brevity, a vividness, and an energy that set them clearly before the 
 reader and leave little to be imagined, 
 
 • Born 12(50, died 1321. 
 
130 
 
 Dante — cont. 
 
 Dante was deeply engaged in the factions and party struggles of his day ; and by 
 these, which were prosecuted with extraordinary rancour, he was driven into 
 perpetual exile. Absence, however, did not abate his resentments. After he had 
 lost all hopes of returning to his native country, he could neither forget nor forgive 
 the injuries of which he supposed he had been the victim ; and his powers of 
 invective being stimulated by a sti'ong sense of private as well as public wrongs, 
 sometimes break forth in the most furious imprecations and denunciations. These 
 circumstances sufficiently account for the great and sudden popularity of the Dhnna 
 Commedia. The events referred to in it interested everybody, and its personages 
 were, whether for good or for evil, among the most distinguished that Italy had 
 produced. But the history of the greater number of them is no longer known 
 with any degree of accuracy, and hence the difficulty of understanding not a few 
 of the allusions and statements in the poem, and the many commentaries of which 
 it has been made the subject. 
 
 Dante is very unequal, and is deeply marked with the barbarism of his age. Some 
 of his cantos, particularly in the Purgatorio and Paradiso, are prosaic, tedious, and 
 feeble. But his original and extraordinary merits are, notwithstanding, in the 
 words of Tiraboschi, un hen abondante compenso de' difetti e delle macchie, che in 
 esso s'incontrano. — (Storia della Letteratura, v. 504.) 
 
 It is further to be observed that Dante had in great measure to create the language in 
 which his thoughts are embodied. And though occasionally harsh, abrupt, and 
 obscure, his poem affords one of the best specimens of the early Tuscan dialect, 
 and is, in this respect, wonderfully little antiquated. 
 
 Tiraboschi and Ginguene give very ample accounts of Dante and his works ; and he 
 is, also, referred to and criticised by most writers on Italian literature. 
 
 Dante — Gary : The Vision of Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, by the 
 Rev. H. F. Gary, A.M. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1819. Galf, ex. 
 This is one of our best translations. 
 D'Anville : The following Works of this great Geographer, with hia 
 Life, viz. : — 
 
 . i Notice de la Vie et des Ouvrages de M. D'Anville,"^ 
 
 par M. Barbie du Bocage. 1802. 
 
 Memoire snr la Chine. 1776. 
 
 Gonsiderations Generales sur I'Etude de la Geo- )» 1 vol. Svo. 
 
 graphie. 1777. 
 
 Traites des Mesures Itineraires Anciennes et 
 
 Modernes. 1769. J 
 
 Eclaircissements Geographiques sur FAncieune Gaule. 12mo. 
 
 Paris, 1741. 
 i^ • Analyse Geographique de ITtalie. 4to. Paris, 1744. 
 
 Notice de I'Ancienne Gaule. 4to. Paris, 1760. 
 
 Etats formes en Europe apres la Ghute de I'Empire Romain en 
 
 Occident. 4to. Paris, 1771. 
 " Concise, correct, and original." — (Gibbon.) 
 
 Antiquite Geographique de ITude, et de plusieurs autres Contrees 
 
 de la Haute Asie. 4to. Paris, 1775. 
 
 L'Euphrate et le Tigre. 4to. Paris, 1779. 
 
 . Memoii'es sur I'Egypte Ancienne et Moderne, suivis d'une Descrip- 
 tion du Golfe Arabique ou de la Mer Rouge, avec des Cartes. 
 4to. Paris, 1766. 
 
 . Analyse de la Carte (avec la Carte) intitulee les Cotes de la 
 
 Grece et I'Archipel. 4to. Paris, 1757. 
 
 Memoire sur la Mer Gaspienne. 4to. Paris, 1777. 
 
 The Analysis and Memoir last mentioned are bound in one volume along with 
 second copy of the treatise on the Euphrates and Tigris. 
 
131 
 
 D'Ax^'ii.i-E : Geofrraphie Ancicnno ahii'gce. 12ino. 3 vols. Paris, 1768. 
 
 L'Enipirc Turo (•(insiiU'ri' dniis son Etul)lisscment ot ses Accroinse- 
 
 meus. 12mo. I'aris, 1772. 
 
 L'Em])iro Russe, son Oriiriiio ct scs Ao.croisscmens. 12mo. Paris, 
 
 1772. 
 DAiMiNiset de Chloc, Ics Amours Pastorales de. 12mo. Paris, 1718. Trcs 
 
 beaux i>lanches ]y,\r ]M. Audran. Mor., sup. ex. 
 Darby : VicAv of the United States, Historical, Geopjrapliical, and Statis- 
 tical, by William Darby. 12mo. Philadelphia, 1828. 
 Dauu : Ilistoire de la Kepubliciue de Venise, par M. le Comtc Daru. 2dc 
 ed. Svo. 8 vols. Paris, 1821. :Mor., gilt leaver. 
 A -work of great value, derived fi-om authentic soiu-ces. 
 Darwin : The Botanic Garden, a Poem, with Notes, by Dr. Darwin. Svo. 
 2 vols. London, 1799. Calf, ex. 
 This poem, now well-nigh forgotten, has a great deal of tinsel and trash intermixed 
 ■with some splendid passages. We subjoin one of the latter : — 
 " Plowers of the sky! ye, too, to age must yield. 
 Frail as your silken sisters of the field! 
 Star after star from heaven's high arch shall rush, 
 Suns sink on suns, and systems systems crush, 
 Headlong, extinct, to one dark centre fall. 
 And death and night and chaos mingle all! 
 Till o'er the wreck, emerging from the storm, 
 Immortal Nature lifts her changeful form. 
 Mounts from her funeral pjTe on wings of flame, 
 And soars and shines, another and the same." 
 
 Canto iv. line 379. 
 Daubenet : A Description of Active &nd Extinct Volcanoes, Eartliquakes, 
 8fC., by Charles Daubeney, M.D. 2d edition. Svo. London, 1848. 
 
 See Agriculture, Works on. 
 
 Dauxou : Cours d'Etudes Historiques, par P. C. F. Dauuou. Svo. 20 vols. 
 Paris, V. Y. Uncut, half mor., ex., H. & B. 
 A valuable work, but tedious in the extreme ; it only reaches to the end of the 
 Second Punic war. 
 
 D'AussT, (Le Grand) : Histoire de la Yie Privee des Fran^ais, depuis 
 rOrigine de la Nation jusqu'a nos jours, par M. Le Grand D'Anssy, 
 revue par M. Eocquefort. Svo. 3 vols. Paris, 1815. Mor., Thouvenin. 
 
 David (Emeric) : Jupiter, Recherches sur ce Dieu, sur son Culte, &c., par 
 F. B, Emeric-David. Svo. 2 vols. Paris, 1833. Uncut, half mor., ex. 
 
 Davies : Historical Tracts, by Sir John Davies, to Avhich is prefixed a 
 
 New Life of the Author. See Ireland. 
 . Agriculture of Nortli Wales. See Agriculture, Works on. 
 
 Miscellaneous and Fugitive Pieces, l)y Johnson and others, ])ub- 
 
 lished by T. Davies. Post Svo. 3 vols. 2d edition. London, 
 1774. Calf, ex. 
 
 Davila : Historia delle Guerre Civili di Francia, di Henrico Caterino 
 Davila. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1775. Old red mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 Ginguene has published a Life of Davila in the Bingraphie Uniucrselle, in which 
 
 he gives the following estimate of his History : — 
 " II n'y a qu'une opinion sur le mcrite de Davila, considere comme ecrivain. Son 
 
 style, exempt des vices qui n'gnaient de son temps, sans ctre aussi pur que cclui de 
 
 I 2 
 
132 
 
 DaVILA C07lt. 
 
 Guichardin, est plus serre, plus concis, et brille en mcme temps par une admirable 
 facilite. Sa maniere de narrer, de disposer les evenements, de les enchainer I'un a 
 I'autre, d'introduire ses personnages, de les faire agir et parler, decrire les lieux, 
 les villes, les champs de bataille, les faits d'anues, les assemblces, les conseils, la 
 condaite des negociations, n'est pas moins louable que son style. II parait enfin 
 avoir pris des soins extremes pour connaitre la verite, I'avoir puisee dans de bonnes 
 sources, et I'avoir dite en general avec franchise. Mais cette franchise n'a pu 
 manquer d'etre quelquefois alteree par sa position et ses relations particulieres, par 
 les prejuges de son pays et de son siecle. Un Italien de ce temps-la ne pouvait 
 tenir la balance egale entre les Catholiques et les Protestants ; un homme que 
 devait la fortune de sa sceur, de son frere, et le commencement de la sienne a 
 Catherine de Mcdicis, a qui son nom meme rappelait qu'il lui avait etc pour ainsi 
 dire consacre des sa naissance, ne pouvait etre un juge impartial de cette reine. 
 On ne lui a pas reproche sans raison de se montrer trop prevenu pour elle. II ne 
 met en vue que son adresse et sa prudence, quand il faudrait laisser voir sa dis- 
 simulation profonde, sa perfidie, sa cruaute, qui, sans parler de tout le reste, lui 
 firent mcditer, preparer pendant plus de deux ans, couvi-ir de dehors caressants 
 et faire exccuter an milieu des fetes le massacre de quarante mille Tran^ais. II 
 avoue pourtant dans un endroit que I'effusion du sang n'effrayait pas Catherine, et 
 lorsqu'a la fin du neuvieme livre, apres avoir raconte sa mort, il a trace en beau 
 son caractere, la conscience de I'historien reprenant enfin I'empire qu'elle aurait 
 dii toujours avoir, il ajoute que cette reine fut accusee d'une insigne mauvaise foi, 
 defaut commun, dit-il, dans tous les temps, mais particulicrement dans ce siecle ; 
 qu'on lui reproche une avidite, ou plutot une mepris pour le sang humain, plus qu'il 
 ne convenait a la tendresse de son sexe (comme si cette avidite ou ce mepris con- 
 venaient meme a la durete du notre) ; qu'enfin, dans beaucoup d'occasions, pour 
 ari'iver a ses fins, elle parut regarder comme honnetes tous les moyens qu'elle 
 jugeait utiles, quoiqu'ils fussent en eux-memes vcritablement iniques et perfides. 
 Davila serait exempt de reproche, a I'egard de Catherine de Medicis, si, en racon- 
 tant les diiferents actes de sa regence, il I'avait toujours peinte telle qu'elle est 
 dans cet aveu tardif Malgre quelques defauts graves, sur lesquels ce n'est pas ici 
 le lieu d'insister, son histoire reste avec les qualites eminentes qui la distinguent ; 
 ce qu'elle a de defectueux ne pent plus etre d'aucun danger. Le cours des annees 
 a mis tout a sa place, et, comme il arrive toujours apres un certain laps de temps, ce 
 if est plus tel ou tel historien qui pent nous tromper sur les faits ; ce sont les faits 
 bien connus qui nous servent a juger I'historien lui-meme." 
 'Ginguene did not live to complete that portion of his history of Italian literature 
 that refers to Davila. That was left to Salfi, the continuator of Ginguene ; and 
 his estimate of the merits and defects of Davila does not differ materially from that 
 now laid before the reader. — (Hist. Litteraire d'ltalie, ix. 334.) 
 
 Davis : China ; a General Description of that Empire and its Inhabi- 
 tants, by Sir John Francis Davis, Bart., K.C.B., F.R.S., &c., a new 
 edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1857. 
 
 Davy : An Account of Ceylon, and of its Inhabitants, -with Travels iu 
 that Island, by John Davy, M.D. 4to. London, 1821. 
 
 Notes and Observations on the Ionian Islands and Malta. Svo. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1842. 
 
 Deane : The Worship of the Serpent traced throughout the World, and its 
 Traditions referred to the Events in Paradise, proving the Temptation 
 and Fall of Man by the Instrumentality of a Serpent Tempter, by J. B. 
 Deane, M.A. 8vo. London, 1830. Calf, ex. 
 
 Dearths and Famines : A True Relation or Collection of the most Re- 
 markable Dearths and Famines which have happened within this 
 Realme since William the Conqueror, to Michaelmas 1745. 4to. Lon- 
 don, 1748. 
 
133 
 
 Debt, National, Tracts on, viz. : — . 
 
 1. Essay on the Publick Debts of this Ivingdom. 
 
 3d edition. By 
 of this Kinffdoni, 
 
 Sir Nathaniel Clould. 17'JG. Scarce. 
 
 2. Keiuarks on an Essay on the I'ubiiciv Debts 
 
 1727. 
 
 3. Defence of an Essay on the Publick Debts of this Kingdom, by 
 
 the Author of the Es.say, 1727. 
 
 4. An Essay on the Sinking Fund, 17.^0. 
 
 5. An Essay on the National Debt, by Andrew Ilooke, Esq. 2d 
 
 edition. 1751. 
 
 1. The Debts of the Nation Stated and Considered. 1712. 
 
 2. The State and Condition of our Taxes Considered. 1st edition. 
 
 1714. 
 
 3. Ditto, ditto. 3d edition. 1714. 
 
 4. The Inviolable Nature of Publick Securities, 1717. 
 
 Si. Two Lettei*s to a Member of Parliament concerning the Publick 
 Debt, 1718. 
 
 6. Considerations on the Present State of the Nation, 1720. 
 
 7. Proposals for the Payment of the Nation's Debts, 1720. 
 
 8. The Crisis of Property, by Sir Kichard Steele, M.P., 1720. 
 
 9. Proposals for the I'ayment of the Publick Debts, by Sir 11. 
 
 aiackworth. 3d edition. 
 
 10. The Nature and Weight of the National Taxes Considered, 1722. 
 
 11. A Proposal in relation to the Public Taxes and Debts, 1727. 
 
 12. Considerations on the National Debts, Sinking Fund, &c., 
 
 1729. 
 
 1. Considerations on a Proposal to Lower the Interest of the National" 
 
 Debts to Three per Cent., 1737. 
 
 2. Considerations occasioned by a Proposal to Keduce Interest to 
 
 Three per Cent., 1737. 
 
 3. Reasons against Lowering the Interest, 1737. 
 
 4. Queries relating to the Peduction, 1737. 
 
 5. A Survey of the National Debts, 1745. 
 
 6. Letter to Sir John Barnard on his Proposals for Raising Three 
 
 jNIillions for 1746. 1746. 
 
 7. Remarks on Letter to Sir J. Barnard, by an Enemy to Jobbs, 
 
 1746. 
 
 8. Defence of Several Proposals for Raising Three Millions, &c., by 
 
 Sir J. Barnard, 1746. 
 
 9. Letter caused by the rejecting Sir J. Barnard's Scheme, 1746. 
 
 10. Considerations on the Proposal for Reducing the Interest of the 
 
 National Debt, 1750. 
 
 11. Essay on the National Debt, by Andrew Ilooke, Esq., 1750. 
 
 1. An Essay on the Publick Debts of this Kingdom, 1726. 
 
 2. Remarks on the above Essay, 1727. 
 
 3. Letter to a Member of Parliament showing the Justice of a more 
 
 Equal and Impartial Assessment on Land, 1717. 
 
 4. The State of the Nation for the Year 1747, and respecting 1748. 
 
 1747. 
 
 5. The Present Taxes compared to the Payments formerly made to 
 
 the Publick, 1749. 
 
 6. Proposal for Redressing the Grievances of the Nation, 1752. 
 
 7. Inquirj- into the Origin and Consequences of the Public Debt, 
 
 1754. 
 
 1. The Debt of the Nation compared with its Revenue, 1781. 
 
 2. State of the Public Debts, &c., by John Earl of Stair. 7th edition. 
 
 178.3. 
 
 3. Acts and their Consequences, by the Earl of Stair. 2d edition. 
 
 1782. 
 
 4. Address to the Public on the Present Peace, by the same, 1783. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 Very scarce 
 and valu- 
 able. 
 
 ivo. 1 vol. 
 
 L 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 I- 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
134 
 
 Debt, National, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 5. Argument for a Cousideration of the State of the Nation. 3d I 
 
 edition. 1783. 1 g -, , 
 
 6. Article fi-oni the Edinburgh Review, No. 77, on the Finance f 
 
 Accounts of 1822. Written by J. R. M'C. 
 
 7. Progress of the National Debt, and best Method of Funding, from 
 
 the Edinbm-gh Review, No. 93. 
 
 8. Elements of a Plan for the Liquidation of the National Debt, by 
 
 Richard Heathfield, Gent., 1820. 
 
 9. Further Obser^-ations on the Liquidation of the National Debt, by 
 
 the same, 1820. 
 
 See, also, Overstone (Lord), Tracts reprinted by. 
 De Bure (le Jeune): Bibliographic Instructive, &c. See Bibliography. 
 Defoe : The Complete English Tradesman, in Familiar Letters, directing 
 him in all the several Parts and Progressions of Trade, by 
 Daniel Defoe. 3d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1732. 
 
 A Plan of the English Commerce, being a Compleat Prospect of 
 
 the Trade of this Nation, as well the Home Trade as the Foreign. 
 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1730. 
 
 The History of the Union between Scotland and England, by 
 
 Daniel Defoe, with an Introduction and a Life of Defoe. 4to. 
 
 London, 1786. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 "The Life, and Strange, Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, 
 
 of York, Mariner. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1785. Old calf, gilt. 
 See, also, Poor, &c.. Works on. 
 Degerando (J. M. ) : De la Generation des Connaissances Humaines (ou 
 
 des Systemes de la Philosophie). 2de edition. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 
 Paris, (an XI.,) 1803. 
 
 For his " Bienfaisance Publique " and other Works, see Poor, &c., 
 
 Works on. 
 D'Herbelot : Bibliotheque Orientale, ou Dictionnaire Universel, par 
 M. D'Herbelot, avee le Supplement. 4to. 4 vols. La Haye, 1777. 
 Calf, gilt. 
 
 This illustrious Oriental scholar and bis great work have been noticed as follows by 
 a learned wi-iter in the Biographie Universelle : — 
 
 " D'Herbelot consacra une grande partie de sa vie a rassembler les materiaux de son 
 grand ouvrage, mais n'eut point la satisfaction de le publier. Ce fiit Galland qui 
 le mit en ordre, et en soigna I'impression. La Bibliothique Orientale, considerce 
 dans ses details, est, pour le xvii'^ siecle, ce que fut, pour le xviii^, I'histoire des 
 Huns, avec cette difference que D'Herbelot iraya la route, et fut souvent copie par 
 De Guignes. L'un et I'autre de ces celebres Orientalistes eurent une erudition 
 prodigieuse ; et Ton a peine a se persuader que la vie de I'homme le plus laborieux 
 ait suffi pour rassembler les ri chesses contenues dans ce recueil. Que Ton re- 
 flechisse au nombre de chroniques Arabes, Turques, ou Persanes dont la Biblio- 
 tlwque Orientale offre les extraits ; aux connaissances accessoires necessaires dans 
 une semblable entreprise, et Ton se foi-mera une idee de I'erudition, de la perseve- 
 rance, de I'activite de D'Herbelot. A la verite, on pent lui reprocher le defaut de 
 critique, et 1' absence de I'harmonie ou de la concordance qui de^Tait regner, dans 
 cet ouvrage, entre les diverses parties dont il se compose. IMais la mort surprit 
 I'auteur avant la fin de son travail ; et, d'ailleurs, il avait adopte un plan trop vaste 
 pour le perfectionner dans tons ses details. Cette tache eut du ctre celle de ces 
 dei-niers editeurs ; mais ils se sent homes a I'addition ou bien au developpement 
 de quelques articles, sans con-iger aucune en-eiu- de fait ou de date ; ainsi la litte- 
 rature Orientale attende encore qu'un homnie habile, examinant avec critique tons 
 les articles de cette Bibliotheque, les mette en accord les uns avec les autres, et 
 fasse disparaitre les fautes que le temps y a signalees." 
 
135 
 
 De Latixitate Votoruin Jurisooiisultunim opnsculu vaiiji, curaiito 
 Dukero. 12mo. Lug. Bat., 1711. 
 
 De Ligne : Memoires et Melanges IlistorlquosetLittrraircs, park' Triiico 
 dcLigiie. 8vo. 5 vols. Paris, 1827. Half inor., uncut. 
 The author of these Meiuoii-s was descended from one of tlie oldest and most illnstrioiis 
 families of the Low Countries. He attained to the rank of Field Mai-shal in tJie 
 Austrian service, and was distinguished as a soldier, a courtier, and a litterateur. 
 His style has all the elegance and piquancy of tlie best writers of the age of 
 l.ouis XV".. and he has also much shrewdness and good sense. The most important 
 portion of this publication consists of a sketch of the life of I'rince Eugene, which 
 was said, when it appeared, to have been written by the I'rince, and printed 
 from a manuscript in his handwriting. And it seemed to be so very like what the 
 great general might be sujiposed to have written, that its authenticity was at 
 first generally admitted. It is interesting, and is in extensive demand as a 
 separate publication. Next to the Life of I'rince Eugene, the Letters to JIadame 
 de Coigny are the best of the various writings of the I'rince de Ligne. 
 
 Delille : L'llomme des Champs, ou les Georgiquos Francoises, i)ar 
 M. I'Abb^ Delille. 8vo. Paris, 1805. 
 
 De Lolme : The Constitution of England, or an Account of the English 
 Government, by J. L. De Lolme. 4th edition. 8vo. Loudon, 1784. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 A work that formerly enjoyed rather a high degree of reputation. It is pleasingly 
 written, and gives a good, though flattering, theoretical view of the constitution. The 
 reform eflected in 1832 obviated many abuses which were not noticed by De Lolme. 
 That balance of power which he so much eulogises, instead of inclining towards 
 monarchy as in his time, may now incline towards democracy. 
 
 Dejiiax : Tableau Geographique et politique de la Ilongrie et des Pays 
 qui lui dependent, traduit de TAllemaud de M. Demian. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Paris, 1809. 
 
 De Moivre : Annuities upon Lives, &c., by A. De Moivre, F.R.S. 8vo., 
 large paper. London, 1725. Old red mor. 
 
 The Doctrine of Chances ; or a Method of Calculating the Proba- 
 bilities of Events in Play. 4to. 2d editiou. London, 1738. 
 Blue mor., gilt. 
 
 M. De Moivre was a very distinguished mathematician. Mr. Baily speaks in the 
 highest terms of his treatise on annuities.* His celebrity, and the confidence 
 placed in him, were such, that the Royal Society referred to his decision the 
 famous question between Newton and Leibnitz, concerning the invention of 
 fluxions. He was highly esteemed by the first of these great philosophers, and 
 Pope has referred to him as follows : — 
 
 " Who made the spider parallels design, 
 Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ?" 
 De Moivre was a native of France, forced to seek shelter in this country after the 
 revocation of the edict of Nantes. He died in 1754, at the advanced age of 87. 
 
 Demogeot : Histoire de la Litterature Fran^aise dcpuis ses Origines 
 jusqu'en 1830, par M. Demogeot. Post 8vo. Paris, 1852. 
 
 De Morgan : Bibliographical Notices of Arithmetical Books. See Bib- 
 liography. 
 
 * Doctrine of Life Annuities, Ac, Preface, p. 10. 
 
130 
 
 Denina : Tableaux des Revolutions rle la Litterature, par il SignorDenina, 
 traduit de I'ltalien. 12mo. Paris, 1767. Old red mor. 
 This is aa interesting work, pervaded by wliat may, on the whole, be said to be a 
 fair and impartial spirit of criticism. There is in it a chapter (the 11th) on the 
 Progress of Literature in Scotland ; and the fact that the author evinces a 
 much more intimate acquaintance with the subject than could have been expected, 
 gives considerable countenance to the rumour mentioned by Stewart, that he had 
 been supplied by Hume with the materials for this part of his work (Stewart's 
 Works, i. 428). What is said in it of Hutcheson and Wilkie, especially the latter, 
 is more likely to have emanated from Hume than from any one else. 
 
 • Delle Revoluzioui d'ltalia, di Carlo Denina. 4to. 3 vols. 
 
 Torino, 1769. 
 Denjiark : Lettres sur le Dannemarc. Nouvelle edition. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 Geneve, 1767. 
 Dennistoun : Memoirs of the Dukes of Urbino, illustrating the Arms, 
 
 Arts, and Literature of Italy from 1440 to 1830, by James Dennistoun, 
 
 Esq. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1851. 
 
 Deparcieux : Essai sur les Probabiiites de la Duree de la Vie Humaine, 
 par M. Deparcieux. 4to. Paris, 1746. 
 
 De Pauw. See Pauw (M. De). See, also, Carli. 
 De Pinto. See Works on Money, &c. 
 
 Depping : Histoire du Commerce. See Commerce, "Works on. 
 De Quincet's Logic of Political Economy. See Political Economy. 
 De Reste : Histoire des Peches, des Decouvertes, et des Etablissemens 
 des Hollandois dans les Mers du Nord, par M. Bernard de Reste. 8vo. 
 
 3 vols. Paris, (an IX.,) 1801. 
 
 Derham : Physico-Theology, or a Demonstration of the Being and At- 
 tributes of God from his Works of Creation, by W. Derham, 
 Canon of Windsor, &c. 13th edition. 8vo. London, 1768. 
 
 Astro-Theology, or a Demonstration of the Being and Attributes 
 
 of God, from a Survey of the Heavens, by the same. 10th 
 edition. 8vo. 1767. Uniform, old calf, gilt. 
 These books were deservedly popular down to the publication of Paley's work on 
 Natural Theology, by which they have been in great measure superseded. 
 
 De Sacy : Histoire Generale de Hongrie, par M. De Sacy. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1778. 
 Desbillons (F. J.) : FabuLne ^sopia?, curis posterioribus omnes fere 
 
 emendatiB cum Notis ; editio quinta. 12mo. Barbou, Parisiis, 1769. 
 
 Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 The editio optima of a classical work. 
 
 " Desbillons, an author of very high merit among the modem Latin poets. He rivals 
 in the Fabulce jEsopice the naivete of Phadrus, and unites to that quality an 
 elegance, tenderness, and even dignity of composition, with the purest Latinity.'"* 
 — (Tytler on Translation, p. 343.) 
 
 Descartes : CEuvres Philosophiques de Descartes, publiees d'apres les 
 Textes Originaux, avec Notices, &c., par M. Adolphe Gamier. 8vo. 
 
 4 vols. Paris, 1835. Calf, uncut, 
 
 " Le Fran9ais Eene Descartes (Cartesius), ne a La Haye, en Touraine, en 1596, 
 entreprit d'operer, par la voie speculative opposes a celle de I'empirisme, une 
 
Of the r 
 
 ,37 V^-^'^^ss/ry 
 
 Descartes — cont. 
 
 n'fonnc de la pliilosojiliic ; tentative dont les efFets furent oclafans ct iinmenses, et 
 qui donna lieu a une admiration, ainsi qu'ii une opposition des jilus vives ; il 
 accompagna ce projet d'un systenie qui excita puissannnent I'ardeur des re- 
 cherches. Des I'epoque de ses etudes au college des Jcsuites de La Fleelie, il 
 s'etait distingue par la vivacite de son imagination et un extirmc desir de s'in- 
 struire. En cherchant ii satisfaire cette curiosite au moyen des livres, sa vivacite 
 d'esprit, ses lectures sans aucun plan, la multitude d'idees diverses qu'il avait ac- 
 cimiulees le plongirent dans une penible incertitude; ses voyages augmenterent le 
 nial au lieu d'y renic'dier. Alors ce genie hardi con^ut le projet de se creer une 
 philosophic par lui-inome, et sans secours etranger. 11 se confina dans cette vue 
 en IloUaude, ou il esperait trouver du repos et de la liberte, et oii il composa la 
 plupart de ses ouvrages (de 1629 a 1649). II acquit bientot une grande celebrite, 
 et se trouva expose a de nombreuses attaques, particulierenient de la part des 
 theologiens; il entretint d'importantes correspondances scientifiques, et fut enfin 
 appele en Suode par la reine Christine ; il y mourut des I'annee 1650. 
 
 " Descartes n'etait pas seulement philosophe, ce fut en outre un mathematicien, un 
 astronome. et un physicien du premier ordre. 
 
 " Malgre la moprise grave par laquelle Descartes a confondu et pris I'une pour I'autre 
 la pensee et la connaissance ; malgre le defaut de solidite dans les principes et de 
 rigueur dans les consequences que presente sa philosophic, ainsi que les con- 
 tradictions implicites qui lui auraient etc plus sensibles s'il eiit abordc' les questions 
 morales, il n'en faut pas nioins reconnaitre les grands et salutaires resultats de 
 cette philosophic. Ses systcmes, tant par leur fonne que par le fond des doctrines, 
 par leur eclat et leur hardiesse hypothetique, animcrent puissaniment les esprits a 
 penser par eux-momes; par lui on fut amenc a rechercherlathcorie de la pensce et 
 de la connaissance, et la difference qui les scpare; on songea enfin a vider le differend 
 entre le supernaturalisme et le rationalisme, entre I'empirisme et la speculation ; c'est 
 lui qui donna le coup de grace a la scholastique, qui repandit dans le monde 
 philosophique une vie nouvelle, et lui apprit a se mefier de ses erreurs." — 
 (Tennemann, Manuel, ii. 91, &c.) 
 
 Deslaxdes, Histoire Critique de la Philosopliie. See Pliilosophj, His- 
 tory of. 
 
 Essai sur la Marine des Anciens, 12mo. Paris, 1768. 
 
 Des Maizeaux : La Vie de M. Bayle, par M. Des Maizeaux. 12mo. 
 2 vols. La Haye, 1732. Veau fauve, gilt. Portrait inserted. 
 
 Despotism : The Origin and Progress of, in the Oriental and other Em- 
 pires of Africa, Europe, and America. 12mo. Amsterdam, 1764. 
 
 De Tocqueville. See Tocqueville. 
 
 De Vere : English Misrule and Irish Misdeeds, by Aubrey de Vere. 
 2d edi.tion. 8vo. London, 1848. 
 
 DiBDiN (Dr. T. F.). See Bibliography. 
 
 DiccioxARio de la Lengua Castellana, compuesto por la Real Acadcmia- 
 
 Espaiiola, reducido a un Tomo jiara su mas facil uso. 2do edic. Folio, 
 
 Madrid, 1783. Russia, ex. 
 Dickson's Husbandry of the Ancients. See Agriculture. 
 DiCTioxxAiRE Historique des Mreurs, Usages, et Coutumes des Fran9ois. 
 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1767. 
 
 de I'Academie Franpoise. 4me edition. Folio. 2 vols. Paris, 
 
 1772. Old French calf. 
 
 des Sciences Philosophiques, par une Societe des Profe.sseurs do 
 
 Philosophic. 8vo. 6 vols. Paris, 1844, &c. Half mor., uncut, H. 
 A valuable work, to which there is nothing similar in the English language. 
 
138 
 
 DiCTiONNAiRE Comique, &c. See Leroux. 
 
 Diplomatique, &c. See Vaines (Dom. de). 
 
 Etymologique. See Menage. 
 
 DiONTSius of Halicarnassus. See Classics aud Translations. 
 DiPLO:\iATiE, Traite complet de, par un Ancien Ministre. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1833. Calf, ex. 
 Diplomatique : Nouveau Traite de Diplomatique, par Deux Benedictins 
 4to. 6 vols. Paris, 1750. Calf, elegant. 
 Decidedly the most learned and best -work on the subject, -which is one of no common 
 interest and importance. 
 
 Disraeli : Curiosities of Literature, by Isaac Disraeli, with a View of his 
 Life aud Writings, by his Son. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1849. 
 
 . Lord George Bentinck, a Political Biography, by Ben. Disraeli, M.P. 
 
 8vo. London, 1852. 
 The gift of my right hon. and distinguished friend the author. 
 
 Distillery (Scotch), Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Resolutions of the Landed Interest of Scotland, 1786. 
 
 2. The Present State of the Distillery of Scotland, by Walter Ross, 
 
 W.S., 1786. 
 
 3. Impartial Obser^-ations on the Distillery Duties, 1786. 
 
 4. Statement of the Distillers in Scotland -who mate Spirits for the 
 
 Consumption of England, 1817. J>8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 5. Petition of James Haig, Distiller, to the Lords of the Treasiuy, 
 
 •with Appendix, 1808. 
 
 6. The Claims of the West India Distiller to an Equalization of the 
 
 Duties on Rum and British Spirits, by John Innes, Esq., 1830. 
 
 7. Observations on Mr. Innes' Letter, 1830. 
 
 D'lvERXOis : Materiaux pour aider a la Recherche des EfFets du Morcelle- 
 ment de la Propriete Fonciere en France, par Sir Francis DTvernois. 
 8vo. Geneve, 1826. 
 
 DoBELL : Travels in Kamtchatska and Siberia, with a Narrative of a Eesi- 
 dence in China, by Peter Dobell. 8vo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1830. 
 
 Docks (London), Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Plain Statement of Pacts as to the proposed St. Katherine Docks," 
 
 1824. 
 
 2. Case of the London Dock Company, by S. Cock, Esq. 2d edition. 
 
 1825. 
 
 3. Obsen'ations on the Case of the London Dock Company, 1 825. 
 
 4. Revie-w of the Warehousing System in the Port of London, by 
 
 Henrj' Longlands, Esq. 2d edition, 1824. 
 
 5. Revie-w of Mr. Longlands' Pamphlet, 1824. J 
 
 DODINGTON : The Diary of George Bubb Dodington, M.P., from March 
 
 1749 to February 1761, by H. P. Wyndham. 8vo. Salisbury, 1784. 
 DoDSLEY : Trifles, by Robert Dodsley. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. Lon- 
 don, 1777. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 The Preceptor, containing a General Course of Education, by 
 
 Dodsley and others. 4th edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1763. 
 The preface, contributed to this publication by Johnson, is excellent. The design 
 of the -work was good, and being reasonably well executed, it was very successful. 
 A work of the same description, and suited to the present state of knowledge, 
 were it compiled with due diligence and cai-e, would be a valuable addition to 
 our literature. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
139 
 
 DoDSLKY : A Colloclion of Pooins, l>y several Ilniids. 8vo. G voI^?. 
 Loiuloii, 1765. Old calf, gilt. Scaree. 
 
 The same Collection, -vvilli rearch's Supplement. iL'nio. 10 vols. 
 
 London, 1763. Uniform, old ealf, gilt, extra. 
 
 The CEconomy of Iluinan Life, (ascribed to Dodsley.) l^mo. 
 
 London, ITol. Blue mor., ex. 
 
 A particularly fine copy of the original edition. 
 
 iJodsley, the author and editor of the above works, commenced his literary career 
 when he was in the humble capacity of footman. His depressed situation, modesty, 
 and ability procured for him the warm friendship and patronage of Pope, and 
 attracted the public attention. Having commenced business as bookseller, his 
 shop in Pall Mall speedily became a favourite resort of the most distinguished men 
 of the time ; and he managed his business so well that he acquired a good fortune, 
 and rose to be the Murray of his day. He died in 1764, in the 55th year of his 
 age. 
 
 DoDSON : The ^Mathematical Repository, by James Dodson. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 London, 1755, &c. 
 
 DoDWELL : A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece, during 
 the years 1801, 1805, and 1806, by Edward Dodwell, Esq., F.S.A. 
 4to. 2 vols. London, 1819. Orange mor. 
 
 Doic~; : Two Letters on the Savage State, addressed to Lord Kamcs, by 
 David Doig, LL.D. 12mo. London, 1792. Calf, ex. 
 
 This is a rare and rather paradoxical little work. It has been held by all the 
 ablest inquirers into the history and progress of society, that mankind were ori- 
 ginally immersed in barbarism, without any knowledge of arts or industry. And 
 that their necessities and their constant desire to improve their condition by 
 gradually developing their capacities and sharpening their intellects, have ad- 
 vanced them to the improved state in which we now find them in highly civilized 
 countries; and that the same circumstances will continue to raise them still higher 
 in the ages that are to come. But Doig objects to this rational doctrine. He con- 
 tends that, had mankind been once sunk in the barbarism referred to, they could 
 have made no advances, but would rather, had it been "possible, have sunk still 
 lower. Neither reason, nor reflection, nor the diiris nrgtiens in rebus eyestas, could, he 
 says, have been of any service. But happily there were two centres, one on the 
 Euphrates and the other on the Nile, where the seeds of civilization had been 
 planted by supernatural means, and from these it has been diifused over most part 
 of the globe. It would be worse than useless to waste time by dwelling on the 
 transparent fallacy of such a theoiy. It is inconsistent alike with principle and 
 experience. There is very little, if anything, in the religion, the arts, or the 
 sciences of the Greeks, which they can be truly said to have derived from the sources 
 mentioned by Doig. And he does not venture to allege that the considerable 
 advances made by the Mexicans and Peruvians were a consequence of their 
 intercourse with the Pjabylonians and Jews. 
 
 We may obsen^e that Dr. Whately, the Archbishop of Dublin, though probably 
 unacquainted with the speculations of Doig, has supported the same theory 
 (Lecture on the ( )rigin of Civilization). But he is not more successful. Though 
 it were conceded to Whately that the savages to whom he refers, and to whom 
 many other varieties might be added, are incapable of civilization, that would not 
 really advance his argument. The capacities of the different races of men are 
 widely different, and supposing the Negro or the Australian to continue for ages 
 without making any sensible improvement, is the same thing to be aflinned of the 
 Greeks, the Etruscans, and other races ? It is singular that a logician like 
 Dr. Whately should have given his sanction to such a doctrine. Had he shown that 
 all races of men, how different soever in appearance, have been and are endowed 
 with equal capacities, his conclusions from the in.stanccs Avhicli he notices 
 would have earned some weight. But this, it is needless to add, he has not 
 
140 
 
 DoiG — cont. 
 
 done, and he has been wise enough not even to attempt it ; so that, in fact, 
 
 he has contributed nothing to strengthen the flimsy theories of Doig. 
 
 The latter, whose learning and attainments were great and various, was for more than 
 
 40 years head master of the Grammar School of Stirling. Besides his separate 
 
 publications, he contributed some valuable articles to the 3d edition of the P^ncy- 
 
 clopsedia Britannica, and left a great mass of manuscripts. He died in 1800 at 
 
 the age of 81. 
 
 D'Orbigny : L'Homme Americain (de I'Amerique Meridionale) con- 
 
 sidere dans ses Rapports Physiologiques et Moraux, par M. Alcide 
 
 D'Orbigny. 8vo. 2 vols, and Atlas. Paris, 1839. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 D'Orleans : Histoire des Revolutions d'Espague, par P. J. D'Orleans. 
 
 12mo. 4 vols. La Hay e, 1734. 
 Douglas : The Criterion, or Rules, by which the True Miracles of the 
 New Testament may be distinguished from the Spurious Miracles of the 
 ' Pagans and Papists, by John Douglas, D.D., Bishop of Salisbury. 
 8vo. London, 1807, 
 A learned and clever work in support of a rather difficult thesis. Dr. Douglas 
 greatly distinguished himself by his triumphant vindication of IMilton fi-om the 
 charge of plagiarism brought against him by the notorious William Lauder, who, 
 the Doctor showed, had himself forged the passages on which he founded his accu- 
 sation. He also wrote two or three tracts against Bower,* the mendacious historian 
 of the Popes. Goldsmith in his " Retaliation," in allusion to these circumstances, 
 calls Douglas, 
 
 " The scourge of impostors, the terror of quacks." 
 
 Dover : The Life of Frederick II. (the Great), by Lord Dover. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1832. Calf, ex. 
 Drake : The History of the Last Parliament, began at Westminster 
 10th Feb. an. Dom. 1700 (Dr. T. Drake). 2d edition. 8vo. 
 London, 1702. 
 
 Eboracum, or the History and Antiquities of the City of York, 
 
 &c., by Francis Drake, F.R.S. Folio. London, 1736. Old 
 Russia, gilt leaves. 
 A fine copy of a work of standard value and authority. 
 Dramatic Works (English), viz. : — 
 
 of William Shakespeare, with Notes by Johnson, Steevens, &c., 
 
 revised by Isaac Reed, with Ayscough's Index. 8vo. 22 vols. 
 London, 1803. Russia, marbled leaves. 
 
 We beg to subjoin Dryden's character of Shakespeare. Johnson has said of it that 
 it is " a model of encomiastic criticism ; exact without minuteness, and lofty 
 without exaggeration." 
 
 " He was the man, who, of all modem, and perhaps ancient poets, had the largest 
 and most comprehensive soul. All the images of nature were still present to 
 him, and he drew them not laboriously, but luckily. When he describes anything, 
 you more than see it— you feel it too. They who accuse him of wanting learning 
 give him the greatest commendation. He was naturally learned. He needed 
 not the spectacles of books to read nature ; he looked inward, and found her there. 
 I cannot say he is everywhere alike. Were he so, I should do him injury to 
 compare him to the greatest of mankind. He is many times flat and insipid ; 
 his comic wit degenerating into clenches, his serious swelling into bombast ; but 
 he is ' always great when some great occasion is presented to him.' " — Essay of 
 Dramatic Poetry. 
 
 * Called by Gibbon, " a rogue unmasked" (Misc. Works, v. 484). 
 
141 
 
 Dramatic Wouks (English) — cant. 
 
 of William Conjjrevc. 8vo. 3 vols. Birmiiigluiin CBMskcrvillc), 
 
 1761. Old calf. 
 
 Voltaire says of Congrcvc, " lie entertained too mean an idea of his first profession, 
 tliat of an author, though it was to it he owed his fame and fortune, lie spoke of 
 his works as of trifles that were beneath liim, and hinted to me in our first conver- 
 sation that I should visit him upon no other footing than that of a gentleman who 
 led a life of plainness and simjjlieity. I answered that had he been so unfortunate 
 as to be a mere gentleman, 1 should never have come to see him." — (Letters on the 
 English Nation.) 
 
 Bell's (John) British Theatre, a Collection of the best English 
 
 Plays. 8vo. 34 vols. London, 1797, &c. Fine Plates. Calf 
 ex. 
 
 Theatrical Pieces of Various Authors. 8vo. 3 vols. London, V.Y. 
 
 Select Plays, inelndinE: the Beggars' Opera, with the Music. Svo. 
 
 2 vols. London, V.Y. 
 
 of Colley Cil)ber. 4 vols. London, 1760. 
 
 Thomas Southerne, Esq. 3 vols. London, 1774. 
 
 Sir John Vanbrugh. 2 vols. London, 1759. 
 
 ■ Sir Richard Steele. London, 1760. 
 
 Nicholas Rowe, Esq. 2 vols. London, 1766. 
 
 Thomas Shadwell, Esq. 4 vols. London, 1720. 
 
 Wycherly, Esq. London, 1768. 
 
 John Dryden, Esq. 6 vols. London, 1762. 
 
 The above 23 vols, post 8vo., uniform, calf, gilt, double lettered. 
 
 of Thomas Otway, with a Sketch of his Life. Svo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1812. " 
 
 Sec Corueille, Moliere, &c. 
 
 Drcmmoxd : Travels througli Different Parts of Germany, Italy, Greece, 
 and Part of Asia, as far as the Euphrates, by Alexander Drum- 
 mond, Esq. Folio. London, 17o4. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 Academical Questions, by the Right Hon. Wm. Druinmond, K.C., 
 
 &c. 4to. London, 1805. Calf, ex. 
 
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 scarce. 
 
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 4 vols. London, 1824-29. Uncut, calf, ex. 
 
 Persius' Satires. See Cla.ssics and Translations. 
 
 The Zodiacs of Dendera and Esueh. See Zodiac. 
 
 Sir William Dnimmond's works are all very learned and ingenious. The Acade- 
 mical Questions are at the same time distinguished by their scepticism ; and 
 the CEdipus Judaicus is fantastical as well as sceptical. 
 
 Speeches in Parliament and Miscellaneous Pamphlets of the late 
 
 Henry Drummond, Es(j., M.P. ; edited by Lord Lovaine. Svo. 
 2 vols. London, 1860. 
 
 This is the work of a learned, intelligent, perfectly honest, and somewhat eccen- 
 tric individual. Henry Drummond was long at the head of one of the first 
 private banking houses in London. lie combined a theoretical preference of the 
 Torj- system of government, with a thorough detestation of whatever was mean, 
 base, or corrupt, and a strong desire to elevate the character, and to improve th§. 
 
142 
 
 Dkummond — cont. 
 
 physical condition of the mass of the people. But in doing this he chalked out a 
 path for himself, and treated with desei-ved contempt the conventional morality 
 and oratorical twaddle of the day. No man could be more perfectly independent f 
 and his speeches and tracts have'a terseness, a self-reliance, and an originality^ about 
 them, in striking contrast with the miserable common-place of most speakers and 
 -writers. With all this he was a scholar, a gentleman, and had a strong sense of 
 religion. He was s^ii generis in the House of Commons ; and never hesitated to 
 denounce the insincerity, the platitudes, and the unfounded pretensions of its 
 different factions. His "endowment of the Chair of Tolitical Economy in the 
 University of Oxford is at once a proof of his munificence and of the liberality of 
 his views. 
 
 Drydex : The Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works of John Dryden, 
 with an Account of his Life and Writings, by Edmund Malone, 
 Esq. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1800. 
 
 The Poetical Works of, containing Original Poems, Tales, and 
 
 Translations, with his Life by Johnson, and Notes by Messrs. 
 Joseph and John Warton and others. Svo. 4 vols. London, 
 1811. Calf, gilt, uniform with the Prose Works. 
 
 . The Poetical Works of, by Samuel Derrick. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 
 
 1760. Old calf, ex. 
 
 Drj-den was a great prose writer as well as a great poet ; but it is in the latter 
 capacity only that he is now generally known. '1 he improvements he efifected in 
 our versification have been admirably stated by Pope : — 
 
 " "Waller was smooth ; but Dryden taught to join 
 The varjing verse, the full resounding line. 
 The long majestic march, and energy divine." 
 
 But though often of the highest excellence, his poems are very unequal. Johnson 
 said of him that " such is the unevenness of his compositions, that ten lines are 
 seldom found together without something of which the reader is ashamed. 
 Dryden was no rigid judge of his own pages ; he seldom smuggled after supreme 
 excellence, but snatched in haste what was within his reach ; and when he could 
 content others, was himself contented. He did not keep present to his mind 
 an idea of pm-e perfection, nor compare his works, such as they were, with what 
 they might be made. He knew to whom he should be opposed. He had more 
 music than Waller, more vigour than Denham, and more nature than Cowley ; 
 and fi-om his contemporaries he was in no danger. Standing, therefore, in the 
 highest place, he had no care to rise by contending with himself ; but while 
 there was no name above his own, was willing to enjoy fame on the easiest 
 terms. 
 
 " He was no lover of labour. What he thought sufficient, he did not stop to make 
 better; and allowed himself to leave many parts unfinished, in confidence that the 
 good lines would overbalance the bad. AVhat he had once written he dismissed 
 fi-om his thoughts ; and I believe there is no example to be found of any correction 
 or improvement made by him after publication. The hastiness of liis productions 
 might be the effect of necessity ; but his subsequent neglect could hardly have 
 any other cause than impatience of study." — (Life of Diyden.) 
 
 His masterpiece, Alexander's Feast, is unequalled, perhaps, for the majesty, splendour, 
 and energy of the verse. But notwithstanding the burning of the Palace at 
 Persepolis, the incident on which this noble ode is founded, be a fact, it is apt to 
 give an erroneous impression of Alexander's character. Though of a social 
 disposition, and fond of company, he was rarely intemperate. It is impossible, 
 indeed, that he could have been, what he really was, one of the greatest captains 
 and statesmen of antiquity-, had he been addicted to di'inking. The circumstances 
 attending the biu-ning of the palace are not accurately known. And if Alex- 
 ander really set fire to it, he may have been as much influenced by political 
 considerations as by the excitement of the moment. 
 
143 
 
 DuBOS : Reflexions Ciitiqucs sur la Peinturc vt sur hi Po6sio, par M. 
 I'Ahbe Uubos. Gmc edition. 4to. a vols. Pjiris, 1755. Old 
 red mor. 
 
 llistoire Critique de rKtaltlissenieni de l;i Monnrcliie Fr!iii(;ois(? 
 
 dans les Guides. Nouvelle edition. 4lo. 2 vols. Paris, 1742. 
 
 /See Cambray, Ligue dc. 
 
 The Abbo Dubos's Critical Reflections on Poetry and Tainting is, says Dugald StcM-art, 
 "one of the most agreeable and instructive works that can be put into the hands of 
 youth. Few books arc better calculated for leading their minds gradually from 
 literature to philosophy. The author's theories, if not always profound or just, 
 are in general marked with good sense as well as with ingenuity ; and the subjects 
 to which they relate are so peculiarly attractive, as to fix the attention even of 
 those readers who have but little relish for speculative discussions." 
 
 "Ce qui fait la bonto de cet ouvrage (says Voltaire) c'est qu'il n'y a que peu 
 d'erreurs, et beaucoup de reflexions vraies, nouvelles, et profondes. II manque 
 cependant d'ordre et surtout de precision ; il auroit pu etre eerit avec plus de feu, 
 de grace, et d'elegance ; mais Tecrivain pense et fait penser."— (iSiecle de Louis XIV.) 
 
 Du Caxge : Glossariura ad Scriptores Medias et Infiraaj' 
 Latinitatis, auctore Carolo Dufresne, Doni. 
 Du Cange. Editio nova. Folio. 6 vols. 
 Parisiis, 1733. 
 
 Glossarium Novum ad Scriptores Mcdii JEvl, 
 
 sen Supplementum ad Glossarium Canjreani, 
 collegit et digessit D. P. Carpeuticr. Folio. 
 4 vols. Parisiis, 1768. 
 
 Uniform, 
 ealt; ex. 
 Ilayday. 
 
 Ducange was one of the greatest scholars and antiquaries of whom France has to 
 boast. The Glossary is the best, or, at all yvents, the most useful of his many valuable 
 works. It contains all the words, arranged in alphabetical order, that are 
 peculiar to the Latin writers of the middle ages, or that are not used by the 
 classical authors ; with their etymologies and various meanings, and references to 
 the different works in which they are to be found. Hence it is of the greatest 
 utility, and is all but indispensable to those who refer to these works, and also 
 to those who have to consult the charters or other documents of the period. The 
 preface and some of the articles, such as that on money (moneta), are elaborate, 
 and, in truth, first-rate dissertations ; and, in addition to its merits as a Lexicon, 
 there is probably no work that does so much to illustrate the institutions, customs, 
 and state of society in the darker ages. Bayle, whose authority on such a subject 
 will not be disputed, says that this work proves Ducange to have been profoundly 
 learned, and in the highest degree persevering and laborious. It is not, indeed, 
 less remarkable for its accuracy than for its vast research. 
 
 The Supplement by Carpentier is worthy of the original work, to which it is a most 
 valuable addition. It has been incorporated with the latter, and published entire, 
 with some additions by Kenschcl, in 4to, 7 vols., Paris, 1840-50. Hut though in 
 some respects more complete, the latter edition is not so handsome as the former, 
 and its pages are much more crowded. 
 
 DuCHATELET : De la Prostitution dans la Ville do Paris, par M. Duclia- 
 telet. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1836. Calf, ex. 
 
 The best and most complete work on the subject of Mhich it treats. 
 
 DucLos: Considerations sur les Moeurs, par M. Duclos. Nouvelle edition. 
 12mo. Paris, 1751. 
 
 " This work is, in general, good ; some chapters treating of the connexion of genius 
 with character are excellent."— (Gibbon, Misc. Works, v. 472.) 
 
144 
 
 DuCLOS — cont. 
 
 M. De Barante refers to this work as follows, viz. : — " II n'est pas un livre de morale 
 profonde et generale ; il ne sonde pas dans les replis du cceur de I'homme ; mais 
 il n'est guere possible de mieiix peindre toutes les nuances de I'esprit de societe, 
 de mieux caracteriser lem-s causes et leurs effets imracdiats. C'est un tableau 
 spirituel de I'ecorce superficielle dont les habitudes du monde revetent les hommes. 
 II regne surtout dans cet ouvrage une clarte et une precision remarquables. On 
 con9oit toujours toute la pensee de I'auteur, rarement on pcut en contester la 
 veritc. Cet avantage resulte d'un grand talent de definition ; Duclos commence 
 par etablir ce que signifient les mots qu'il emploie, ou du moins ce qu'il veut leur 
 faire signifier. Ainsi il fait toujours apercevoir les bornes qu'il impose a ses 
 pensees ; on voit avec evidence jusqu'oii s'etend son raisonnement, et on n'est pas 
 tente d'en nier le resultat. Les discussions viennent ordinairement de ce qu'on 
 n'attache pas le meme sens aumeme mot; quand on a fait comprendre sa pensce, 
 on trouve peu de contradicteurs. II ne s'agit que de transporter les autres au 
 point oil Ton est place pour envisager les choses ; alors ils partagent ou du moins 
 con^oivent les memes impressions." — (Litt. Fran^aise, p. 219 ; Laharpe, also, refers 
 to it in terms of high commendation, xiv. 275.) 
 
 Dudley : Letters of Earl Dudley to Dr. Copleston, Bishop of Llandaff. 
 8vo. London, 1841. 
 
 Du GuESCLiN : Histoire de Bertrand Du Guesclin, Comte de Longueville, 
 &c., par M. De Berville. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1772. 
 
 Du Halde : Description Geographique, Historique, Clironologique, Poli- 
 tique, &c. de la Chine et de la Tartaric Chinoise, par le P. J. B. Du Halde. 
 4to. 4 vols. La Haye, 1736. 
 
 DuLAURE : Singularites Historiques, contenant ce que I'Histoire de Paris 
 et de les Environs offre de plus piquant et de plus extraordi- 
 naire, par J. A. Dulaure. 8vo. Paris, 1825. 
 
 Histoire Physique, Civile, et Morale de Paris. 6me edition, revue 
 
 par M. Bellin. 8vo. 8 vols. Paris, 1837. Calf, ex., gilt 
 leaves. 
 
 The gift of my late excellent friend, Alexander Murray, Esq., of Broughton, M.P. 
 
 DuMESNiL : Synonymes Latins, et leurs Diiferentes Significations, par 
 M. Jardin Dumesnil. 12mo. Paris, 1777. 
 
 DuMONT — RoussET, Corps Universel Diplomatique du Droit des Gens : 
 Partie L — Contenant un Recueil des Traitez d'Alliance, de Paix, de 
 Treve, &c. faits en Europe depuis le Regne de I'Empereur 
 Charlemagne jusques a present, par M. J. Dumont. Folio. 
 10 vols. Amsterdam, 1726. 
 
 „ IL — Supplement au Corps Universel Diplomatique du Droit 
 des Gens : 1. Recueil des Traitez, &c., echapes au Dumont. 
 Folio. 2 vols. Par M. Rousset, Amsterdam, 1739. 
 2. Ceremonial des Diiferents Cours, par Rousset. Folio. 
 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1739. 
 
 „ in. — Histoire des Traitez de Paix depuis le tems le plus reculez 
 jusqu'a Charlemagne, par M. Barbeyrac. Folio. Amster- 
 dam, 1739. 
 
145 
 
 DUMONT ROUSSET COUt. 
 
 Partic IV. — Tlistoiro dos Traites de Paix et autrcs Negociations, 
 di'puis la Paix de Vervins jusqu'a la Paix de Nimegue, par 
 M. J. Y. De S. Prest. Folio. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1725. 
 In all, 17 vols, uniform. Old red mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 The Corps Diplomatique is one of the largest and is the best collection of State 
 I'apers that has hitherto appeared. It is a work of vast labour and research ; 
 and has, in great measure, superseded previous collections, by embodying all that 
 ■was most valuable in them. Neither is it at all likely that it will itself be super- 
 seded, the age of such gigantic publications having entirely gone by. 
 
 DuMONT — BuTEL : Tlieoric du Luxe. See Political Economy. 
 
 Administration des Terres chez les Romains. See Agriculture. 
 
 Dunbar : Essays on the History of Mankind in Rude and Cultivated 
 
 Ages, by James Dunbar, LL.D. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1781. 
 
 Duncan's Caesar. See Classics and Translations, 
 
 The Elements of Logick, by William Duncan, Esq., Professor of 
 
 Moral Philosophy, Aberdeen. 7th edition. 12mo. London, 1776. 
 Duni : Deir Origine e Progress! del Cittadino e del Govcrno Civile di 
 Roma. 8vo. 2 vols. Roma, 1763. 
 
 Dunlop: History of Roman Literature to and during the Augustan Age, 
 by John Dunlop, Esq. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1823-28. Calf, 
 ex., II. & B. 
 
 History of Fiction ; being a Critical Account of the most cele- 
 
 brated Works of Fiction from the earliest Greek Romances to 
 the Novels of the present time, by John Dunlop. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1816. 
 
 Translations from the Latin Anthology by, &c. 8vo. Edinburgh, 
 
 1838. Calf, ex. 
 
 Memoirs of Spain during the Reigns of Philip IV. and Charles II., 
 
 from 1621 to 1700. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1834. 
 Mr. Dunlop's works evince considerable research, discrimination, and good sense. 
 They are written in a clear, unaffected style, and are highly creditable publications. 
 The 3d volume of the History of Roman Literature is rather scarce. 
 
 DuPiN : Des Secours Publics. See Poor, &c. 
 
 DuPPA : The Life of Raflfaello Sanzio da Urbino, by R. Duppa, LL.B., and 
 
 Characters of the most Celebrated Painters of Italy, by Sir J. 
 
 Reynolds. 8vo. London, 1816. 
 
 The Life of Michael Angelo Buonarrotti, by R. Duppa, LL.B. 
 
 3d edition. 8vo. London, 1816. Calf, ex., gilt leaves. 
 Dupuis : Memoire Explicatif du Zodiaque Chronologique et Mythologique, 
 
 par M. Dupuis. 4to. Par i.s, 1806. With MS. notes by Lalande, and a 
 
 large plate engraved at the expense of Volney. Half nior., uncut. 
 
 See Zodiacs, Works on. 
 DuPUYNODE. See Political Economy, Money, &c. 
 DuTENS : An Inquiry into the Origin of the Discoveries attriltutcd to the 
 
 Modern.s, from the French, l)y the Rev. Mr. Dutens. 8vo. London. 
 
 1769. 
 Dtee : Poems, by John Dyer, LL.B. 12mo. London, 1761. 
 
146 
 
 E. 
 
 Earth, Theory of the, Works on, viz. : — 
 
 The Sacred Theory of the Earth, by Thomas Burnet, D.D. 8vo. 
 
 7th edition. 2 vols. London, 1759. Calf, ex. 
 
 A New Theory of the Earth, by William Whiston, M.A. 3d edition. 
 
 8vo. London, 1722. Calf, ex. 
 
 Theory of the Earth, with Proofs and Illustrations, by James 
 
 Hutton, M.D., &c. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1795. Calf, ex. 
 H. & B. 
 
 . Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth, by John 
 
 Playfair, M.A., 8fc. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1802. Calf, ex. 
 
 Hutton's work is said by Sir Charles Lyell to be " the first in which geology was 
 declared to be in no way concemed about questions as to the origin of things ; 
 the first in which an attempt was made to dispense entirely with all hj'pothetical 
 causes, and to explain the fonner changes of the earth's crust by reference exclu- 
 sively to natural agents." — (Principles of Geology, 7th ed. p. 52.) 
 
 But though able and comprehensive, the Theory of Hutton was not very skilftilly 
 developed, and this circumstance rendered it less known, and more liable to be mis- 
 represented than would otherwise have been the case. Hence it was that Playfair 
 published his Illustrations of his fi'iend's Theory, and by doing so, rendered him 
 a service similar to that which Dumont rendered Bentham. He presented the 
 Theory to the reader in its natm-al and most attractive order ; made that clear 
 which had previously been obscure ; and repelled the principal objections that 
 had been made against it. The Illustrations are written with great clearness and 
 eloquence, and afford one of the best models of a philosophical style that has ever 
 been given to the public. 
 
 A Comparative View of the Huttonian and Neptunian Systems of 
 
 Geology, (by John Murray, Lecturer on Chemistry.) 8vo. 
 Edinburgh, 1802. Calf, ex. 
 
 : An Inquiry into the Original State and Formation of the Earth, 
 
 deduced from Facts and the Laws of Nature, by John White- 
 hurst, F.R.S. 2d edition. 4to. London, 1786. 
 
 Ebrietatis ENCo:\nuM, or the Praise of Drunkenness. 12mo. London, 
 1812. Calf, ex. 
 
 EccLESTON : An Introduction to English Antiquities, by James Eccleston, 
 B.A. 8vo. London, 1847. 
 
 EcKHEL. See Money, Coins, &c. 
 
 EcossE : Discours Particulier d'Ecosse, ecrit par Commandement et 
 Ordonnance de la Reyne Douairiere et Regente, par Messires Jacques 
 Makgill et Jean Bellenden, XL Janvier 1559. 4to. Imprime a Edin- 
 bourg, 1824. 
 
 Eden : Four Letters to the Earl of Carlisle from William Eden, Esq. 
 3d edition. 8vo. London, 1780. 
 
 The State of the Poor. See Poor, Poor Laws, &c. 
 
 Edinburgh : Letters from Edinburgh, written in the Years 1774 and 
 
 1775, containing Observations on the Diversions, Customs, Manners, 
 and Laws of the Scotch Nation. 8vo. London, 1776. 
 
147 
 
 EniNBUROii Review, from its Commcnoomont in 1802 (o tlio rroscnt Time. 
 8vo. First 40 vols, thick piiper, bring all pulilishcd in ihat ibrni. 
 Edinburgh, 1802, &c. Calf. 
 
 The establishment of this journal marks a memorable sera in the history of critical 
 literature. It was previously, indeed, in a very degraded state, most reviews 
 being under the control of the booksellers, and destitute alike of independence, 
 ability, and intluence. But the Edinburgh Keview being entirely enumcipated 
 from anything like trade superintendence, and in young, able, and ambitious 
 hands, had no difficulty in introducing a far more scientific, bold, and inde- 
 pendent style of criticism than had previously obtained or been dreamt of And 
 the plan, which its conductors adopted, of publishing original essays in the 
 form of reviews on such political, literary, and scientific subjects as engaged 
 the public attention, enabled them to interfere with effect in all questions of 
 interest and importance. The remuneration to the authors was, also, unusually 
 liberal, and sufficient to secure the services of the most eminent individuals. The 
 novelty of the project, and the talent with which it was carried out, made an im- 
 pression, of which it is very difficult for those not alive at the time to imagine the 
 strength. The Eeview became at once extremely popular. P2dition followed 
 edition. It was read by all parties, by those by whom it was objected to, as well 
 as by those by whoni it was ajjproved ; and acquired an extraordinary degree of 
 influence and authority. 
 
 After the Edinburgh Review, which was attached to the Whig or Liberal party, had 
 been firmly established, the Tories perceived how necessary it was for them to 
 have a similar organ, and hence the origin of the Quarterly Keview in 1809. 
 And though they have had many competitors, those that were first in the field 
 continue to be the best and most successful of tliis class of publications. 
 
 The Edinburgh Review has been printed and published in London since 1848. The 
 North British, which is now the only Scottish Review, is a respectable publication. 
 But though liberal in its politics, its views are otherwise, for the most part, narrow, 
 bigotted, and sectarian. , 
 
 It is probable from the space they afford for the full discussion of most subjects, and 
 the time given for their consideration, that Reviews will continue to hold a 
 respectable position. No doubt, however, they have passed their zenith. The vast 
 improvement that has taken place in the daily and weekly press, and the large 
 circulation of the principal journals belonging to it, make them highly desirable 
 vehicles in which to insert reviews, which have, indeed, become an important 
 portion of their usual bill of fare. Some of the critiques that appear in the Timas 
 are quite e<iual to the best that appear in the ablest quarterly or monthly journals, 
 and are far more widely diffused ; and hence the diminished sale and influeuce of 
 the journals exclusively appropriated to reviews. 
 
 I made my dcb'tt in the Edinburgh Review in 1818, by contributing to it an article 
 on Ricardo's Principles of Political Economy. I was not previously acquainted 
 with Jeffrey, the editor ; and as the theories advanced in the article were 
 subversive of many doctrines previously entertained, Jeffrey was a good deal 
 blamed for giving a person of whom he knew nothing permission to bring them 
 forward. He, however, being satisfied of their correctness, was in no degree 
 influenced by this petty hostility : and I continued for about twenty years to 
 write pretty regularly for the Review. I contributed almost all the economical 
 articles that appeared in it during that period, with a few on other subjects. 
 Jeflrey was an admirable person, and my intercourse with him was of the most 
 satisfactorj- description ; and so, also, was my intercourse with his successor in the 
 editorship, Mr. Macvey Napier. It was not owing to any proceeding on the part 
 of the latter that I finally withdrew from the Review. My contributions to it make, 
 when collected, three thick 8vo. volumes. See Cockburn, Life of Jeffrey. 
 
 Edleston. See Newton. 
 
 Edmoxstoxe : A Journey to Two of (he Oases of Upper Egypt, by Sir 
 Archibald Edmonstone, Bart. 8vo. London, 1822. 
 
 K 2 
 
148 
 
 Education, Tracts ou, viz. : — 
 
 1. The Inaugviral Oration of the London Institution, by Chas." 
 
 Butler, Esq., 1816. 
 
 2. Discourse delivered at the Opening of the City of London 
 
 Literary and Scientific Institution, 30th May 1825, by J. R. 
 M'CuUoch, 1825. 
 
 3. Report to the Trustees of Dick's Bequest, by Allan Menzies, 1835. 
 
 4. The Case of Maj-nooth College considered, 1836, 
 
 5. Address to the Committee of the Society for the Diffusion of 
 
 Useful Knowledge, 1846. 
 
 6. On the Publication of School Books by GoYernment at the Public 
 
 Expense, 1851. 
 
 7. Education, National, Voluntary, and Free, by Joseph Fletcher, 
 
 Esq., 1851. 
 
 8. A Word for the Universities of Scotland, by Professor Pillans, 
 
 1848. 
 
 1. Essays on the Origin of Colleges or Universities, &c., 1769. 
 
 2. System of Education in the Schools and Universities of Scotland, 
 
 by the Rev. M. Russell, 1813. 
 
 3. Remarks and Explanations connected with ditto, by the same, 1815. 
 
 4. Statement of the Experience of Scotland with regard to the 
 Education of the People, by the Rev. Charles Anderson, 1825 
 
 !> 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 !> 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 5. Extracts fi-om the Reports of Ministers of Parishes in Scotland f 
 
 as to Parochial Schools, 1824. 
 
 6. Three Lectures on the Proper Objects and Methods of Education, 
 
 by Jas. Pillans, 1836. 
 
 7. Some Considerations on the Educational System of the Scottish 
 
 Universities, by Robert C. Black, M.A., 1850. 
 
 Edtvaeds : History, Civil and Commercial, of the British West Indies, by- 
 Bryan Edvi-ards, Esq., M.P. 2d edition. 4to. 3 vols. London, 
 1794. Half Russia, gilt leaves, Hayday. 
 
 The History of the West Indies is well entitled to the popularity it has long enjoyed. 
 The subject is varied and interesting ; and though written in rather an ambitious 
 stvle, with a strong bias in favoiu- of the old colonial system, and a disposition to 
 extenuate the cruelties that were too often inflicted on the slaves, it is a most 
 valuable addition to om- historical library. But we are sorrj- to say, that a con- 
 tinuation, which has been added to the work, is quite unworthy of the original 
 and of the subject ; and we do not know that many better services could be done 
 to oiu" colonial and commercial literatiu"e than the publication of an edition of 
 Edwards's work that should complete the history and continue it to the present 
 time. The independence of the Blacks of Haj-ti ; the abolition of the slave trade ; 
 the emancipation of the slaves in the British colonies, with the present and probable 
 future influence of that measm-e ; the importation of coolies and free labourers ; 
 and the wonderful progress made by Cuba and Porto Rico since the repeal of the 
 restrictions on their trade, are all topics of great interest. They would supply 
 materials for a work which, if executed in a philosophical spirit, with the requi- 
 site knowledge and ability, would be most important. 
 
 Canons of Criticism and Glossary, with the Trial of the Letter 
 
 y, &c., by Thomas Edwards, Esq. 6th edition. 8vo. London, 
 1758. Bright old calf. 
 Ingenious, witty, pungent, and severe. The best and most effective criticism ever 
 passed upon Warburton's Shakespeare. 
 
 A Careful and Strict Inquiry into the Modern Prevailing Notions 
 
 in regard to the Freedom of the Will, by Jonathan Edwards, A.M. 
 4th edition. 8vo. London, 1775. Calf, ex. 
 This is the principal work of that remarkable person, who was said by IMackintosh 
 to be the metaphysician of America. He is a stern Calvinist, and is admitted ta 
 be one of the ablest defenders of the doctrine of philosophical necessity. 
 
U9 
 
 Edwards : The Doctrine of Irrcsistiltlc Grace proved to have no Founda- 
 tion in the "Writings oftlie New Tes^tament, by Thomas Edwards, 
 A.M. Svo. Cambridge, 17o9. Calf, ex. 
 
 See bibliography. 
 
 Egedk : A Description of Greenland, its Natural History, Situation, 8cc. 
 Translated from the Danish of ]Mr. Hans Egede. Svo. London, 1745. 
 
 Elicixg : A View of the Greenland Trade and Whale Fishery, by H. Elking. 
 Svo. London, 1722. Scarce. 
 
 Ellison : A Hand Book of the Cotton Trade, or a Glance at the Past 
 History, Present Condition, and Future Prosjiccts of this Trade, by 
 Thomas Ellison. Svo. London, 1S58. 
 
 Elmes : A General and Bibliographical Dictionary of the Fine Arts, by 
 James Elmes, M.R.I. A., Architect. Svo. London, 1826. 
 
 Elphinstoxe : An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul and its Dependen- 
 cies, by the Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone. 4to. London, 1S15. 
 
 A comprehensive and valuable -work. It is a principal memorial of one of the 
 ablest and most excellent men employed to administer the English government of 
 India. 
 
 Elstohb : An Historical Account of the Great Level of the Fens, called 
 Bedford Level, and other Fens, &c. in this Kingdom, by W. Elstobb, 
 Engineer. Svo. Lyme, 1793. 
 
 Elsyxge : The Manner of Holding Parliaments in England, by Henry 
 Elsynge, Cler. Pari. Post Svo. London, 1768. 
 
 Emerigox. See Insurance, Works on. 
 
 E^IEUSOX : The History of Modern Greece, from its Conquest by the 
 Romans, B.C. 146, to the Present Time, by James Emerson, Esq. (now 
 Sir James Emerson Tennent). Svo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1830. Calf, ex. 
 Arrowsmith's Map of Greece inserted. See Tennent, Sir James 
 Emerson. 
 
 ExcTCLOP^DiA Britaxnica. The Sth edition. 4to. 21 vols, and Index. 
 Edinburgh, V.Y. Half Russia, uncut, gilt. 
 
 A very fine copy, the gift of my old and excellent friend the proprietor, Adam 
 Black, Esq., M.P., -with an inscription -which I value more than the book. 
 
 Not-withstanding its magnitude, and the immense variety of its contents, extending 
 over the -whole field of kno-svledge, this -work is, on the -whole, exti-eniely -«ell 
 executed. Ha-v-ing been more than ordinarily successful, many new impressions 
 gave an opportunity for rectifying errors and supplying deficiencies ; and the 
 improvements in the last t-wo editions have been so very great that most part of 
 the book has been re-written, the greater number of the principal articles being 
 either entirely new, or carefully accommodated to the advanced knowledge of the 
 day. Hence this Dictionary is peculiarly complete and well digested. A'o one else 
 ■with which we are acquainted is fitted to be so generally useful, or has such 
 transcendant claims to the public confidence. Many of the articles embodied 
 in it are posses.sed of the highest merit ; and they are all, or mostly all, fitted to 
 supply the reader with the latest and most correct infoi-niation in regard to the 
 subjects of which they treat. Altogether it is the most important literary under- 
 taking that has been set on foot and comi)leted in Scotland. W'q are glad to have 
 to add that it has been profitable to the publishers as well as creditable to them and 
 to the contributors. 
 
150 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 A very 
 
 valuable 
 
 collection. 
 
 England : Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, with a Compendious 
 
 Glossary, &c. Folio. London, 1840. 
 Chronological Abridgment of its History, Constitution, and Laws, 
 
 from the Conquest to the Revolution. 8vo. London, 1815. 
 Remarks on the History of the Landed and Commercial Policy of 
 
 England. Post 8vo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1785. Calf, ex. 
 Entail, Papers on, by George Cranstoun (Lord Corehouse) and Francis 
 
 Jeffrey (Lord Jeffrey) in Queensberry Case. 4to. Edinburgh, 
 
 1815. 
 • Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. A Free Disquisition concerning the Law of Entails in Scotland, ") 
 
 by John ISwinton, Esq. 1765. 
 
 2. Question considered whether Parliament ought to rescind the 
 
 Scotch Entails, by Sir John Dah-yniple. 
 
 3. Draught of a Bill for an Act to repeal an Act of 10 Geo. III., 
 
 for the Improvement of Land held under Strict Entail in Scot- 
 land, 1807. 
 
 4. Inexpediency of the Law of Entail in Scotland, by Patrick Ir\'ine, 
 
 Esq., W.S. 2d edition. 1827. 
 
 5. Considerations on Eemoving or Mitigating the Evils arising 
 
 from the Law of Entail in Scotland, by Patrick Irvine, Esq., 
 1830. 
 
 6. Remarks on the Eeport of the Committee of Entailed Proprie- 
 
 tors in Scotland, by Charles Selkrig, 1827. 
 
 7. Some Important Questions in Scots Entail Law, by the late John 
 
 Vans Agnew, Esq., 1826. 
 
 8. The Scotch Law of Entail Considered, by Adam Paterson, W.S. 
 
 1847. 
 
 9. Article from Quarterly Review on Mr. M'Culloch's Work on the 
 
 Succession to Property Vacant by Death. 
 
 Epaminondas, Histoire d'. See Latour. 
 Ephljierides du Citoyen. See Political Economy. 
 
 Epictetus — Carter : All the Works of Epictetus which are now Extant, 
 from the Original Greek, by Elizabeth Carter. 2 vols. ]2mo. London, 
 1768. 
 
 Epigrammatum Delectus, ex omnibus turn Veteribus turn Recentioribus 
 Poetis accurate decerptus ; cum Dissertatione (P. Nicole), de vera 
 Pulchritudine, &c. 12mo. Parisiis. 1659. Old mor. 
 A very extensive and valuable collection. 
 
 Ercilla, Don Alonzo de. La Araucana Poema ; ed. optima. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Madrid, 1776. Blue mor. 
 
 This poem consists of a lengthened description of the war carried on by the Spa- 
 niards of Chili to recover the province of Araucania, which had revolted fi-om 
 their authority. Ercilla was one of the leaders in this enterprise ; and he might 
 tnily say that he was magna pars in the events which he has celebrated. The 
 vice of the poem is its sameness. There is an endless recurrence of battles, some 
 of which are well described, but they have little variety or interest. Having no 
 proper plan, it is spun out to a most unreasonable length. It is, indeed, as 
 Voltaire has stated, more savage than the Araucans to whom it refers. What- 
 ever may be its rank among the poems of Spain, it has no pretensions to rank with 
 the Lusiad, or even with the secondary poems of Italy. 
 
 Erman : Travels in Siberia, by Adolph Erman, from the German, by 
 W. B.Cooley. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1848. 
 
151 
 
 Ernesti : Clnvis Ciccroniana, sive Indices Rcrum et Vorborum Philolo- 
 
 gico critici ill OpcraCiceronis, J. A. Ernesti. 8vo, Oxonii, 1810. Calf, 
 
 ex. 
 Ekskine : The Principles of the Law of Scotland, in the Ordm- of Sir 
 
 G. Mackenzie's Institutions, by John Erskine, of Caniock, Escf. 12th 
 
 edition. Svo. Edinburjjh, 1827. 
 The best elementary work on the law of Scotland. 
 EsMENAKD : La Navii^ation, Poeme, par J. Esmenard. 2d edition. Svo. 
 
 Paris, 1806. 
 Esop : Select Fables of Esop and other Fabulists, in Three Books. 12mo. 
 
 Baskerville, Birmingham, 1764. Calf, ex. 
 
 Essayists (English), in Svo. ; viz. : — 
 
 Spectator. 8 vols. London, l77o. p ,n .,. 
 
 Tatler. 4 vols. London, 17o9. I '^^V,'. S^"^' 
 
 /-> T r> • 1 T 1 i«-rt >• uniiorm 
 
 Guardian. 2 vols. Loudon, itoO. f ^ 
 
 Freeholder, with Addison's Works. 5 vols. ' ^ "'^*^ ^^^• 
 
 London, 1758. 
 
 Essayists (Euglish), in 12mo. ; viz. : — 
 
 Mirror. 3 vols. London, 1783. 
 
 Connoisseur. 4 vols. Oxford, 1774. 
 
 Lounger. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1787. 
 
 Adventurer. 4 vols. London, 1788. 
 
 World. 6 vols. London, 1757. 
 
 Free Thinker. 3 vols. London, 1733. 
 
 Eugene : Histoire du Prince Fran9ois Eugene de Savoie, &c. Nouvello 
 edition. 12mo. 5 vols. Amsterdam, 1750. Calf, ex. 
 
 See, also, De Ligne, Prince, Memoires du. 
 
 Eustace : A Classical Tour through Italy, An. MDCCCIL, by the Rev. 
 
 J.C.Eustace. 3d edition. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1815. Half Russia. 
 
 Evelyn : Memoirs Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, 
 
 Esq., F.R.S., edited by Wm. Bray, Esq. 4to. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1818. Russia, ex. 
 
 Numismata : A Discourse of Medals, Ancient and Modern, &c. 
 
 Folio. London, 1697. 
 
 Si/lva, or a Discourse on Forest Trees, and the Propagation of 
 
 Timber. &c. ; with Terra, a Philosophical Discourse on Earth, 
 &c., by John Evelyn, Esq., F.R.S., Avith Notes, &c. by A. 
 Hunter, M.D., F.R.S. 4to. York, 1776 and 1787. Prefixed 
 is a fine head of Evelyn, by Bartolozzi. Russia, ex. 
 
 Faber : A Dis.sertation on the Mysteries of the Cabiri, or the Great Gods 
 
 of Phoenicia, Samothrace, &c., by G. S. Faber, A.M. Svo. 2 vols. Oxford, 
 
 1803. Calf, ex., II. & B. 
 FAiiRicius : Voyage en Norwege, avec des Observations sur I'llistoirc 
 
 Naturellc ct I'Economie, de I'Allemand de J. C. Fabricius. Svo. Paris> 
 
 1802. 
 
152 
 
 Facciolati. See Lexicon. 
 
 Falconer : The Shipwreck, a Poem, by William Falconer, with a Life of 
 the Author, and Notes, by J. S. Clarke. Post 8vo. London, 
 1806. 
 
 Poetical Works of. 12mo. Pickering, London, 1836. Calf, ex. 
 
 Falconer — Burnet : A New and Universal Dictionary of Marine Affairs, 
 by William Falconer and William Burney, LL.D. 4to. London, 1830. 
 
 Fargeau. See Saint-Fargeau. 
 
 Farmer: The General Prevalence of the Worship of Human Spirits in 
 the Ancient Heathen Nations, by Hugh Farmer. 8vo. London, 
 1783. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 An Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare, by Richard Farmer, 
 
 B.D. 8vo. London, 1789. Calf, ex., Ch. Lewis. 
 
 A brief, conclusive, and masterly essay. 
 
 Fellows : A Journal written during an Excursion to Asia Minor in 
 1838, by (Sir) Charles Fellows. SmaU 4to. London, 1839. Calf, 
 ex., H. & B. 
 
 Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, moi-e particularly in the 
 
 Province of Lycia, by Sir Charles Fellows. 8vo. London, 1852. 
 
 Feltham : A Tour through the Island of Mann in 1797 and 1798, by John 
 Feltham. 8vo. Bath, 1798. Calf, ex. 
 
 Fenelon : Les Aventures de Telemaque, Fils d'Ulysse, par Messire 
 Fenelon, Archeveque de Caral)ray. 8vo. 2 vols. With beautiful 
 Plates. Londres, Dodsley, 1738. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 The same Work. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, Barbou, 1769. 
 
 Dugald Stewart has made the following remarks upon Telimaque, which are as true 
 as they are well expressed : — 
 
 " The Adventures of Telemachus, when considered as a production of the seventeenth 
 century, and still more as the work of a Koman Catholic bishop, is a sort of prodigy ; 
 and it may to this day be confidently recommended as the best manual extant for 
 impressing on the minds of youths the leading truths both of practical morals and 
 of political economy. Nor ought it to be concluded, because these truths appear 
 to lie so near the surface, and command so immediately the cordial assent of 
 the understanding, that they are therefore obvious or trite ; for the case is the same 
 with all the ti^uths most essential to hmnan happiness. The importance of agri- 
 culture and of religious toleration to the prosperity of states ; the criminal impolicy 
 of thwarting the kind aiTangements of Providence by restraints upon commerce ; 
 and the duty of legislators to study the laws of the moral world as the ground- 
 work and standard of their own, appear, to minds unsophisticated by inveterate 
 prejudices, as approaching nearly to the class of axioms ; yet, how much ingenious 
 and refined discussion has been employed, even in our own times, to combat the 
 prejudices which everjwhere continue to struggle against them ; and how remote 
 does the period yet seem when there is any probability that these prejudices shall 
 be completely abandoned !" — (Collected AVorks, i. 167.) 
 
 Eenouard has made the following statement in regard to the edition of Telemaque 
 referred to above : — 
 
 " Cette edition, long-temps la seule qui fit de quelque elegance dans le format 
 portatif, avoit acquis une valeur exorbitante, qui n'a pu tenir apres la publication 
 de tant de beaux Telcmaques imprimts depuis une quarantaine d'annees. C'est 
 cependant toujours un livre rare, et recommandable par la reduction des gravures 
 de I'edition de 1734." — (Bibliotheque d'un Amateur, iii. 208.) 
 
153 
 
 Ferguson : The History of tlie Pro<]^rcss and Tenninatlon of the Roman 
 Republic, by Adam Ferguson, LL.D., F.R.S.E. 8vo. 5 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1779. Calf, gilt. 
 
 The author disposes very briefly of the earlier portion of the history of Rome, of 
 which, indeed, he recognizes the uncertainty. But lie dwells at considerable 
 length on the later ages of the Commonwealth, and especially on the civil wars, 
 and on the changes which they introduced into the civil and military organiza- 
 tion of the state. lie can-ies his narrative down to the death of Tiberius. The 
 style is concise, clear, and unaffected ; but the book has but little of the eloquence 
 that distinguishes the History of Civil Society. 
 
 The Institutes of Moral Philosophy. 3rd edition. 12mo. Edin- 
 
 burgh, 1785. 
 
 An Essay on the History of Civil Society. 6th edition. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1793. 
 
 Principlesof Moral and Political Science. 4to. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 
 
 1792. 
 
 " Ferguson was Dugald Stewart's predecessor, and as I attended his lectures, I 
 heard the substance of his book. He has, in some degree, the Scotch fault of 
 expressing common ideas iu a technical form. He has adopted the very just, 
 stoical principle, ' that the state of the mind is of more importance to happiness 
 than outward circumstances ;' but he is so entirely and constantly occupied with 
 it as to forget everything else. There is something not unbecoming a moral 
 teacher in his austere, dogmatic, sententious manner; and he contemplates human 
 life with a cold sternness worthy of those magnanimous moralists whom he pro- 
 fesses to follow. I entirely agree with him in rejecting rcM-ards and punishments 
 as motives to virtue. I was rather surprised to lind, at the end of his first volume, 
 some judicious observations respecting a future state. I am also surprised at 
 finding such grand and, as I think, just notions of the progressive character of the 
 human species. It is not a pleasing, but it is an improving book ; it elevates the 
 moral sentiments. 
 
 " The part of the second volume which details the moral duties is far superior to 
 the rest of the work, and is, indeed, of such excellence that I must read it again, 
 particularly if I write either a treatise on morals, or a book of synonj-ms. His 
 distinctions are in general very good ; I except that between civility and polite- 
 ness, of which he makes the first negative, and the second positive, and 1 think 
 him equally wrong in both. His idea of liberty is the same which I gave in my 
 ' Discourse on the Law cf Nature,' that it was ' seciu-ity against wrong ; ' I was 
 not aware that I had been in substance anticipated. He does not apply his general 
 principle to the distinction between civil and political liberty, of which the former 
 is security against wrong from our fellows, and the latter is security against wrong 
 from our governors." — ( ^Mackintosh, Life of, ii. 243.) 
 
 Ferguson, who was an intimate friend of Hume, Robertson, Smith, and Blair, died in 
 1818 at the very advanced age of 93. He passed the last 20 years of his life in 
 seclusion at St. Andrews. 
 
 Astronomy explained upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles, by James 
 
 Ferguson, F.R.S. A new edition. 4to. London, 1773. Russia. 
 
 The author of this work occupies a prominent place in the list of those who have 
 risen to distinction despite the greatest difficulties. He was born in Banffshire 
 in 1710, being the son of a day labourer. With the exception of three months' 
 attendance at the .school of Keith, and such instruction as was given him by his 
 father, he was entirely self-taught. He early evinced a decided taste for practical 
 mechanics and astronomy. Having learnt to draw patterns, and to copy pictures 
 and prints in pen and ink drawings, he acquired the means of maintaining himself 
 and constructing an orrery, which was warmly commended by IMacIaurin. He 
 repaired to London in 1743, where he continued subsequently to reside. Here lie 
 gave courses of lectures on astronomy and mechanics, which were well attended ; 
 and the produce of them and of his various publications enabled him to accumulate 
 considerable property. He died in 1770. 
 
154 
 
 Ferguson— cow^. 
 
 It has been said by an intelligent judge that, " Ferguson contributed more than 
 perhaps any other man in this country to the extension of physical science among 
 all classes of society, but especially among that largest class whose circumstances 
 preclude them from a regular course of scientific instruction. Perspicuity in the 
 selection and arrangement of his facts, and in the display of the truths deduced 
 from them, was his characteristic both as a lecturer and a -writer." — (Ai't. on Fer- 
 guson in Knight's Biography.) 
 Ferguson : The Illustrated Handbook of Architecture, being a Concise 
 and Popular Account of the different Styles of Architecture prevail- 
 ing in all Ages and Countries, illustrated by no fewer than 850 
 Wood Engravings, by James Ferguson, M.R.LB.A. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 London, 1855. 
 A comprehensive, well aiTanged, and valuable work. 
 Fergusson : The Works (Poems) of Robert Fergusson, with Life of 
 Author, Notes, &c. PostSvo. Edinburgh, 1851. Calf, ex. 
 Fergusson, a precursor of Bums, though in poor circumstances, was educated at the 
 university of St. Andrews ; after leaving which he got a situation in the office of 
 the Commissary-Clerk of Edinburgh. He had considerable poetical talents, with, 
 unhappily for himself, a strong i-elish for jovial company. The many oppor- 
 tunities he had of enjoying the latter, led hhu into dissipated habits, to which he 
 fell a victim in 1774, at the early age of 24. BLis verses have received more, 
 perhaps, than their due shai-e of commendation. He is principally indebted for 
 whatever celebrity may now attach to his name to the encomiums of Burns, and to 
 the latter having raised a monument to his memory over his grave in the Canon- 
 gate churchyard, Edinburgh. 
 
 Ferriar : Illustrations of Sterne, with other Essays and Verses, by John 
 
 Ferriar, M.D. 12mo. London, 1798. Calf, ex. 
 Ferriere : Histoire du Droit Romain, par M. Claude-Joseph De Ferriere. 
 
 12mo. Paris, 1783. 
 
 F£tes et Courtisanncs de la Grece : Supplement au Voyages dAua- 
 
 charsis et dAntenor (par M. Chaussard). 2de edition. 8vo. 4 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1803. Half Russia. 
 
 Fielding : The Works of Henry Fielding, Esq., with an Account of his 
 
 Life. 8vo. 8 vols. London, 1762. Old calf, gilt. Choice copy. 
 
 The Life of, by Frederick Lawrence, Barrister-at-Law. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1855. 
 Fielding is by far the greatest of British novelists. He is intimately acquainted 
 with the various passions and prejudices that actuate the hmnan breast. His style 
 is manly and forcible ; and he has a rich vein of genuine English humour. His 
 taste, unfortunately, was not on a level with his other qualities ; and he is not 
 unfrequently coarse and even gross. Hence his popularitj' is greatly fallen off, and 
 he is not nearly so much read as fomierly ; but notwithstanding his defects, he 
 ranks among the first of English classics, and is on the whole admirable. 
 Finance, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Considerations upon a Reduction of the Land Tax, 1749. 
 
 2. Farther Considerations on the same subject, 1751. 
 
 3. The Present Taxes compared to the Paj-ments made to the 
 
 Publick within the IMemory of Man, 1749. 
 
 4. Ways and INIeans for Piaising Money for the Support of the Pre- 
 
 sent War, 1756. 
 
 5. Observations on ]Mr. Fauquier's Essay on Ways and Means, &c., 
 
 1756. 
 
 6. Inquiry into the Melancholy Circumstances of Great Britain. 
 
 7. Proposal for Redressing the Grievances of the Nation. 
 
 8. Address to the Great, recommending better Ways and Means 
 
 tlian Lotteries or Taxes. 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
155 
 
 Finance, Tracts on — co7it. 
 
 1. An Essay on Ways and INIoans for Haisinj? Money for the Pre-" 
 
 sent War, by Francis Fauquier. ;id edition. 1757. 
 
 2. Observations on Mr. Fauquier's Essay on Ways and Means, &c., 
 
 by Joseph Massie, K.")!). 
 
 3. Ways and Means for Raising the Extraordinary Supplies to cairy 
 
 on the AVar for Seven Years, &c. Part I. 1757. 
 
 4. The AVay to Wealth and Glory, or Taxes Odious only in Name, )■ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 175S. 
 
 5. Occasional Observations on the Clear Produce of the Civil List 
 
 Kevenue, 1761. 
 
 6. An Essay on the Means of Discharging the PublickDebt, 1763. 
 
 7. An Essay on Paper Circulation, and a Scheme proposed for sup- 
 
 plying the Government with '20 jNIillions, 1764. 
 
 1. A Series of Tables showing the Gain and Loss to tlie Fund-"' 
 
 holders from the Fluctuations in the Value of Cun-ency from 
 1800 to 1821, by Kobert Mushet, Esq., 1821. 
 
 2. A Letter to the Fundholders on the Reduction of the National 
 
 Debt, and the Absurdity of a Sinking Fund, 1822. 
 
 3. Practical Scheme for the Reduction of the Public Debt, by 
 
 Jonathan Wilks, 1821. 
 
 4. Address to the House of Commons on the Necessity of Reform- 
 
 ing our Financial System, and Establishing an Efficient Sink- 
 ing Fund, 1822. . 
 
 5. Considerations on the Agriculture, Commerce, and Manufactures '' "^'O- ^ '^'^^« 
 
 of the British Empire, by Samuel Turner, Esq., F.R.S., 1822. 
 
 6. Speech of JL Attwood, Esq., I\I.P., in the House of Commons, 
 
 9th April 1821. on Bank Cash Payment Bill. 
 7 Letter to David Ricardo, r'.sq., M.P., on the Depreciation of the 
 Currency, and Mr. Peel's Bill, by Thomas Paget, Esq., 1822. 
 
 8. The Mystery of the Sinking Fund Explained from the Traveller 
 
 of January 4th, 1821. (By Place,- the Tailor, of Charing 
 Cross.) 
 
 9. Essay on the National Debt, by John Rooke, 1822. 
 
 FiNLAY : Greece under the Romans ; an Historical View of the Condition 
 of the Greek Nation from its Conquest by the liom;ins, B.C. 
 146, to A.D. 717, by George Fiulay, K.R.G. 8vo. Edinburgh! 
 1844. 
 
 The History of Greece from its Conquest by the Crusaders to 
 
 its Conquest by the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond, 
 1204-1461. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1851. 
 
 History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires, A.D. 716-1453. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1853-54. 
 
 FiNLATSON : The Mission to Siam and Hue, the Capital of Cochin China, 
 in 1821-2, from the Journal of George Finlayson, Esq., with a Memoir 
 of his Life by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, F.R.S. 8vo. London 
 1826. ^ ' 
 
 Fishery, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. A View of the Greenland Trade and Whale Fishery, by Ilenrj-' 
 
 Elking, 1722. Scarce. 
 
 2. The Wealth of Great Britain in the Ocean, being a Coirect 
 
 State of the Briti,sh Fisheries, 1749. 8vo. 1vol. 
 
 3. Considerations on the Herring and Cod Fisheries, 1 749. }- Calf ex. 
 
 4. England's Path to Wealth and Honour ; a Dialogue on the v<..-v il/^orlo 
 
 Fisheries, 17.50. vci^scaicc. 
 
 5. The Fisheries Revived, or Britain's Hidden Treasure discovered, 
 
 1750. 
 
156 
 
 FiTzosBORNE, The Letters of Sir Thomas, on several Subjects. See 
 Melmoth. 
 
 Flagellants, History of the ; being a Paraphrase and Commentary on 
 the Historia Flagellantium of the Abbe Boileau (by Delolme). 8vo. 
 2nd edition. London, 1784. 
 
 Flassav : Histoire Generale et Raisonnee de la Diplomatie Frangaise, 
 par M. De Flassan. 2de edition. Svo. 7 vols. Paris, 1811. 
 
 " A history of French diplomacy is not much less than a history of the European 
 political system. The use of the most important diplomatic authorities, the fidelity 
 and preciseness of the accounts, and a rare impartiality of judgment, give to this 
 work a classical value." — (Heeren's Manual of JNIodem History, i. 5.) 
 
 Flechier : Oraisons Funebres, par Messire Esprit Flechier, Eveque de 
 Nismes, avec un Precis de la Vie de I'Auteur. 12mo. Paris, 
 1 760. Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 
 Histoire du Cardinal Ximenes. 4to. Paris, 1693. Old calf. 
 
 Histoire de Theodose le Grand. Nouvelle edition. 12mo. 
 
 Paris, 1749. Old mor. 
 
 " A Life of Theodosius the Great was composed in the last century to inflame the 
 mind of the young Dauphin with Catholic zeal. The author, Flechier, afterwards 
 Bishop of Nismes, was a celebrated preacher, and his history is adorned or tainted 
 with pulpit eloquence, but he takes his learning from Earonius, and his principles 
 from St. Ambrose and St. Augustine."— (Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ii. 624, 4to ed.) 
 
 Fleetwood : Chronicon Preciosum, or an Account of English Gold and 
 Silver Money ; the Price of Corn and other Commodities ; of Stipends, 
 Salaries, Wages, Jointures, Portions, Day Labour, &c., in England, for 
 Six Hundred Years last past. By Bishop Fleetwood. 2d edition. Svo. 
 London, 1745. 
 
 Fletcher : The Political Works of AndrcAv Fletcher, Esq. Svo. Lon- 
 don, 1737. 
 
 Fletcher of Saltoun, the author of this volume, was a genuine but impracticable 
 patriot. He was well versed in ancient and modern literature, and wrote a re- 
 markably good English style. His works breathe the purest spirit of liberty, 
 and evince a morbid apprehension of standing armies and of some of those 
 establishments that are necessary to secure national independence and the rights of 
 individuals. A strenuous opponent of the tyrannical government of the Stewarts, 
 he joined the ill-fated expedition under Monmouth, and having escaped to 
 Holland, he returned with our great deliverer William III. But he was too much 
 of a republican to give even his government a steady support. It is almost need- 
 less to add that he was a detennined enemy of the union . His death took place 
 at London in 1716. 
 
 We extract from a discourse on the affairs of Scotland, written in 1698 (p. 144 of 
 this volume), the following extraordinary statement : — 
 
 " There are at this day in Scotland (besides a great many poor families very meanly 
 provided for by the church boxes, with others, who by living on bad food fall into 
 various diseases) 200,000 people begging from door to door. These are not only 
 no way advantageous, but a very grievous burden to so poor a country. And 
 though the number of them be, perhaps, double to what it was formerly, by 
 reason of this present great distress, yet in all times there have been about 100,000 
 of these vagabonds who have lived without any regard or subjection either to the 
 laws of the land, or even those of God and nature : fathers incestuously accom- 
 panying with their own daughters, the sou with the mother, and the brother with 
 the sister. No magistrate could ever discover or be informed which way one in a 
 hundred of those wretches died, or that ever they were baptised. Many murders 
 
167 
 
 Fletcher — cont. 
 
 have been discovered amonp them ; and they are not only a most unspeakable 
 oppression to poor tenants (who, if they give not bread or some kind of provision 
 to perhaps 4i) such villains in one day, are sure to be insulted by them), but they 
 rob many poor people who live in houses distant from any neighbourhood. In 
 years of plenty many thousands of them meet together in the mountains, where 
 they feast and riot for man)- days ; and at country weddings, markets, burials, and 
 other the like public occasions, they are to be seen, both nu-n and women, per- 
 petually druuk, cursing, blaspheming, and fighting together." 
 
 I suspect there must be some considerable exaggeration in this striking paragraph ; 
 for as Scotland did not at the period referred to contain more than 1,000,000 of 
 inhabitants, it is very difficult to suppose, notwithstanding the peculiar distress 
 by which she was then visited,* that "iOi^OOO persons, or a fifth part of the 
 entire population, could be given up to the mendicancy and disorders described 
 above. But the intelligence and good faith of Fletcher are unquestionable ; and 
 there cannot be a doubt that the disorders to which he refers were of long standing, 
 and upon the most gigantic scale, and that he did not believe he had in any degree 
 overstated them. Indeed, so impressed was he by the idleness and crime then so 
 prevalent, and by the enonnities he had witnessed, that, to introduce good order 
 and industry, he did not scruple to recommend the establishment of a system of 
 predial slaver)-, to which the vagabonds in question, and their children, should be 
 subjected. The nature of the proposed remedy shows what the disease must have 
 been. 
 
 The establishment of schools and of a more vigorous and impartial system of 
 government, the consequence of that union which Fletcher did his best to obstruct, 
 happily succeeded in repressing these disordei's. But the people of Scotland con- 
 tinued, till after the peace of Paris, in 1763, without manufactures or trade, and 
 ■were fi-equently involved in extreme misery and destitution. 
 
 Fletcher : Au Historical Account of the Ancient Right.s and Power of 
 the Parliament of Scotland. 8vo. Aberdeen, 1823. 
 
 Fleury et Fabre : Histoire Ecclesiastique depuis la Mort de Jesus 
 Christ, par CI. Fleury, avec la Continuation de J. C. Fabre. Post Svo. 
 40 vols., y compris 4 vols, de Tables. Paris, 1740. Veau fjtuve, gilt 
 leaves. From the Lamoignou Library. 
 
 The Historv" of Fleun,- enjoys a high degree of reputation. It is written with great 
 fairness and impartiality. In this respect he has acted conformably to his own rule, 
 Personne nest oblicje d'ecrire I' histoire ; mais quicoiique Ceutreprcnd s' engage a dire 
 la verite toute entiere. (4me. Disc. ) The vices, ignorance, and ill-regulated am- 
 bition of the Popes and clergy are not concealed or varnished over, neither are they 
 exaggerated, but they are exposed in their native deformity to the execration of 
 the public. Hence the work has been the object of many attacks; but these have 
 nof afifected its celebrity, which has continued progressively to increase. 
 
 The Dissertations prefixed by Fleury to some of the volumes are the most valuable 
 parts of the work. " Concise, but neither dry nor superficial ; Iimiinous, yet 
 appearing simple ; philosophical without the atfectation of profundity ; seizing all 
 that is most essential on the subject without the tediousness of detail, or the 
 pedantry of quotation ; written, above all, with that clearness, that ease, that 
 unaffected purity of taste, which belong to the French style of that best age, they 
 present a contrast, not only to the inferior writings on philosophical histor)- with 
 ■which our age abounds, but in some respects even to the best. It cannot be a 
 crime that these Dissertations contain a good deal which, after more than a centur)-'s 
 labour in historical inquiry, has become more familiar than it was." — (Hallaiu's 
 Literature of Europe, iv. 129. See, also, AVorks of Charles Butler, v. 216.) 
 
 • The period from 1C93 to 1700, emphatically termed " the seven ill years." wa.s long remem- 
 bered in Scotland. A scarcity continued throughout: and the severity of its pressure waa such aa 
 to depopulate several extensive parishes iu diflerciit parts of the country. 
 
158 
 
 Fleury : Catechismus Historicus Major, auct. Claud. Fleury. 12mo. 
 Parisiis, 1776. Mor., ex. 
 
 " In wisdom and impartiality few have equalled Fleury. His Maurs dcs Anciens 
 Juifs and Maurs dcs Anciens Chreliens, and his Choix des Etudes are excellent. 
 Far from depreciating the Biblical exertions of our own times, the present 
 writer thinks they have rendered, and continue to render, incalculable service to 
 learning and religion ; yet he is convinced that a repeated perusal of the Bible, or 
 of any portion of it, will not give, either childhood or youth, so good a notion of 
 the history, the religion, or the morality of the sacred volume as Fleury's His- 
 torical Catechism." — (Works of Charles Butler, v. 17.) 
 
 This Catechism, being everywhere held in the highest estimation, has had an immense 
 sale ; and though thousands of other catechisms have appeared since its publi- 
 cation, it is still reckoned superior to all its competitors. It was originally 
 published in French, and was subsequently translated by the author into Latin, 
 with proofs from Scripture. 
 
 Discours sur I'Histoire Ecclesiastiquc, par M. Fleury. 12mo. 
 
 2 vols. Paris, 1777. 
 
 Traite du Choix et de la Metliode des Etudes, par, &c. Nouvelle 
 
 edition. 12mo. Paris, 1826. 
 
 " I read an excellent work on The Method and Choice of our Studies, by the Abbe 
 Fleury. The whole breathes a spirit of truth and virtue, together with that clearness 
 and strength of reason, and that superior good sense, which is more uncommon 
 than wit, and almost as rare as genius. The author was a Roman Catholic and 
 a priest ; but this fault is perceived by those only who are neither the one nor the 
 other." — (Gibbon, Misc. Works, v. 454.) 
 
 Opuscules de M. I'Abbe Fleury. 8vo. 5 vols. Nismes, 1780. 
 
 In addition to the minor works mentioned above, this collection contains the treatises 
 Sur les Maurs des Israelites et des Chretiens, lei Devoirs des Muitres et des 
 Domestiques, I'Histoire du Droit Fraiifaise, ^c. Of these the first two are, per- 
 haps, the most valuable. Though brief, they are accurate and comprehensive; and 
 exhibit the clearest views of the religious opinions, character, and conduct of those 
 described. 
 
 Flibustiers, Histoire des Aventuriers. See Oexmelin. 
 
 Flinter : An Account of the Present State of the Island of Puerto Rico, 
 by Colonel Flinter. 8vo. London, 1834. 
 
 Floyer, Sir John. See Sibylline Oracles. 
 
 FoNTENELLE : CEuvres de M. De Fontenelle. Nouvelle edition, aug- 
 mentee de Plusieurs Pieces relatives a I'Auteur, raise pour la premiere 
 fois par Ordre des Matieres, et plus correcte que toutes les Precedentes. 
 8vo. 8 vols. Paris, 1790. Dark maroon mor. 
 
 Forbes : The "Works of Duncan Forbes, of Culloden, President of the 
 Court of Session. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh. 
 
 . Memoirs of a Banking House, by Sir William Forbes of Pit- 
 
 sligo, Bart. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1859. Printed for private 
 circulation. 
 
 Interesting, and very creditable to the writer. 
 
 FoRDYCE : The Elements of Moral Philosophy, by the Rev. David 
 Fordyce. 4th edition. 12mo. London, 1769. Calf, gilt. 
 
8to. 1 vol. 
 
 159 
 
 FoREiuN Policy, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1 . Address to the South Americans and Mexicans, by James Hen-" 
 
 derson, 1822. 
 
 2. Eemarks on the Declaration of the Allied Powers from Verona, 
 
 1823. 
 
 3. On the Alien Bill, hy an Alien, 1824. 
 
 4. Substance of Speech by Sir James ^Mackintosh in the House of 
 
 Commons, 15th June 1824, on a Petition for the Kecopnition 
 of the Independent States of America, formerly subject to 
 Spain, 1824. 
 
 5. England, France, Kussia, and Turkey. 4th edition. 1835. 
 
 6. A Few Kemarks on our Foreign Policy. 2d edition. 1836. 
 
 7. Supplementaiy Kemarks on our Foreign Policy, 1837. J 
 
 FoRMALEOxi. See Commerce, &c., Works on. 
 
 Formet: Elemental Principles of the Belles Lettres, from the French of 
 
 M. Formey. 12mo. London, 1766. 
 A Conei.se History of Philosophy and Philosophers. 12mo. 
 
 London, 1766. 
 — — ^Melanges Philosophiques. 12mo. 2 vols. a Lcide, 1754. 
 
 Orange mor. 
 ■ ■ An Ecclesiastical History, from the Birth of Christ to the Present 
 
 Time, from the French of, &c. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1766. 
 
 These are said to be among the best of the many works of their extremely prolific 
 author ; and they are verj- good. 
 
 See, also, Bibliography. 
 
 Formet et Robixet : Introduction anx Sciences, et Considerations sur 
 les Lettres, par MM. Formey et Robinet. 12mo. Amsterdam, 1764. 
 
 Forrest : A Voyage to New Guinea, the Moluccas, Magindanao, Sooloo, 
 and other Islands, in 1774, 1775, and 1776 ; by Capt. Thomas Forrest. 
 4to. London, 1779. 
 
 FoRSTER : An Enquiry into the Causes of the Present High Price of Pro- 
 visions, in Tavo Parts ; (by Nathaniel Forster, D.D.) 8vo. 
 London, 1767. 
 
 . The Historical Geography of Arabia, or the Patriarchal Evidences 
 
 of Revealed Religion, by the Rev. Charles Forster, B.D. Bvo. 
 ' 2 vols. London, 1844. 
 
 . Mahometanism Unveiled ; an Inquiry in which that Arch-Heresy, 
 
 its Diffusion and Continuance, are examined on a New Prin- 
 ciple. 8vo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1829. Calf, ex., Ilayday. 
 
 A learned, liberal, and important publication. 
 
 Forsyth : Remarks on the Antiquities, Arts, Letters, &c. of Italy, by 
 Joseph Forsyth, Esq. 2d edition. 8vo. Loudon, 1816. Half 
 Russia. 
 
 The Principles of Moral Science, by Robert Forsyth, Esq., Ad- 
 
 vocate. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1805. 
 
 History of the Trial by Jury, by William Forsyth, M.A. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1852. 
 
160 
 
 FoRTEscuE : De Laudibus Legum AngliiB, from the Latin, with a large 
 Preface, Selden's Notes, &c. Folio, large paper, London, 1737. 
 
 FoRTis : Travels in Dalmatia, containing General Observations on the 
 Natural History of that Country and the Neighbouring Islands, &c., 
 by the Abbe Alberto Fortis. 4to. London, 1778. 
 
 Foster : An Essay on the Different Nature of Accent and Quantity, 
 with their Application in the English, Latin, and Greek Languages, 
 by John Foster, M.A. 2d edition. 8vo. Eton, 1763. Half mor., 
 uncut. 
 FouRNiER : Manuel Typographique, utile aux Gens de Lettres, &c. 
 12mo. 2 vols. (Barbou.) Paris, 1764-68. Fine paper ; 
 red mor., ex, 
 See Bibliography. 
 
 Fox, the Eight Hon. C. J. : Account of the Life of, from the Encyclo- 
 paedia Britannica. 
 
 Nothing worthy of being called a life of this distinguished statesman has yet been 
 published. The notice of him, now referred to, was written by John Allen, the 
 friend of Lord Holland, who had the best means of acquiring accurate informa- 
 tion ; but it is so much abridged as to be of comparatively little value. And the 
 Memorials and Correspondence of Fox, edited by Earl Russell, though important 
 in many respects, are principally useful as authentic materials to be employed 
 in writing his life. Terhaps, indeed, we are yet too near his sera to be able to 
 form a fair estimate of his character. But though a great orator, and possessed 
 of many estimable qualities, it may, we apprehend, be concluded on good 
 grounds that he was veiy indifferently qualified to be Minister in a country like 
 this, and that he was a most unsafe party leader. 
 
 In proof of the first of these statements it is enough to mention that Fox was 
 wholly ignorant of everything that had any reference to matters connected with 
 commerce and finance. And it is more, perhaps, to this ignorance than to any 
 intentional sacrifice of the public interests to party purposes, that we should ascribe 
 his discreditable opposition to Pitt's measures for promoting the trade with Ireland 
 and France. 
 
 In illustration of his unfitness to lead a great party we may refer to the formation of 
 the Coalition Ministry, and his conduct on the Ilegency question. These were 
 capital errors. Seeing that the contest with America had terminated, it may, 
 perhaps, be said that there was nothing left to prevent a junction between its sup- 
 porters and opponents. But it should have been borne in mind that this contest 
 had been of no common description. It partook largely of the character of a 
 civil war, and deeply roused the feelings of the public, who were shocked and 
 disgusted at seeing those who had been abusing the war party for years, 
 suddenly laying aside their animosities and uniting with their old enemies that 
 they might dictate to the king and country. No amount of popularity could 
 have withstood a trial of this sort ; and the coalition was shivered to atoms by 
 the hostility it excited in the public mind. 
 
 The blunder in regard to the regency was nearly as bad. Fox should have waited 
 till the minister made his proposals, and then have dealt with them as circumstances 
 seemed to require. But by insisting at the outset on the Prince of Wales's right to 
 assume the regency without restrictions, he abandoned constitutional and popular 
 principles for the highest doctrines of prerogative. That, however, might have 
 been excused or overlooked, had the proposed regent been either popular or sup- 
 posed to be deserving of popularity. Unluckily, however, he was neither the one 
 nor the other. And the little consideration and influence that were enjoyed by Fox, 
 notwithstanding his extraordinaiy talents and liberal principles, was not owing so 
 much to the serious defects in his own character as to his connexion with the prince. 
 The conduct of the latter was looked upon with loathing by the great bulk of the 
 people. And the sincere rejoicings that accompanied the recovery of the king, 
 
IGl 
 
 Fox, the Riglit Hon. C. J.—conf. 
 
 in 1789, did not proceed so much from any regard ftr him as fVom a fear of 
 the consequences likely to result from a transfer of power to the prince and his 
 friends. 
 
 Whether Fox did right or wrong in opposing the war with revolutionarj- France is a 
 question which admits of no conclusive answer, and is in truth insoluble. We 
 believe, however, that it may be taken for certain that the war could not have been 
 avoided for any length of time. And it was not entered into against, but in 
 accordance with the opinion of the great majority of the public. 
 
 The splendid t'Ax/r of Fox, written by Sir James Mackintosh, when the intelligence 
 of his death reached Bombay, is given in the article in the Encyclopaedia liritannica 
 referred to above, 
 
 Fkac.vstorii (Ilioronymi) Opera Omnia. 4to. Venetiis, npud Jiinta.«!, 
 looo. Old red mor. 
 
 " The Platonic theory of two worlds is accurately stated in some splendid verses 
 of Fracastorius. a poet hardly inferior to Virgil, and a philosopher far superior 
 to his age." — (Sir W. Hamilton, Metaphysical Lectures, ii. 33.) 
 
 Tirahoschi refers to Fracastorius as follows : — " Non vi ha Pocma, a mio credere, 
 in cui si veggano si ben combinate forza ed eleganza de stile, leggiadria d'ini- 
 niagini, e profonditii di dottrina; e ottimamente dice il celebre Guarino, che in 
 esso la Fisica e la Poesia restremo delle sue forze ben consuinate." — (Storia Delia 
 Letteratura, vii. 1460.) 
 
 France : Denombrement Quinquennal de la Population de I'Empire, 18o6. 
 4to. Paris, 1857. 
 
 See Autriclie, Legoyt. 
 
 ■ Statistique de la, comparee avec les autres Etats de I'Europe, par 
 
 Maurice Block. Svo. 2 vols. Paris, 1860. 
 One of the best publications of its class.' 
 
 The History of France from the first Establishment of the Mon- 
 
 archy to the Revolution (by the Rev. Charles Hereford). 8vo. 
 3 vols. Loudon, 1790. Calf, ex. 
 ■ • Detail de la, sous le Regne Present. 12mo. 1707. 
 
 1. Aper^u Statistique de la France, par M. De St. 
 
 Fargeau. 1836. 
 
 2. Essai Comparatif sur la Formation et la Distri- )- 
 
 butiou du Revenu de la France eu 1815 et en 
 1836, par M. Dutens. 1842. J 
 
 1. Traite de wStatistique, ou Theorie de I'Etude de-s"^ 
 
 Lois d'apres lesquelles se developi)ent les 
 Faits Sociaux, suivi d'un p]ssai de Statistique, 
 etc. de la Population Frangaise, &c., par 
 Dufau. 1840. 
 
 2. Rapports Officielles de la Population de la >> 
 
 France en 1842, 
 
 3. Faits, Calculs, et Observations sur la Depense 
 
 du Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres depuis 
 le Regne de Louis XIV. jusqu'a 1825; par le 
 Comte D'Hauterives. 1828. 
 
 Patria. La France Ancienne et Moderne, Morale et IMatciicllc, 
 
 ou Collection Encyclopedique et Statistique do tons le;^ Faits 
 relatifs a. la France et ses Colonies. Post Svo. 2 thick vols. 
 Paris, 1847. Calf, ex. 
 
 The Ports, Arsenals, and Dockyards of. 8vo. London, 1841. 
 
 L 
 
 Svo. 1 vol. 
 Half Russia. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 Half Russia. 
 
162 
 
 )V0. 1 vol. 
 
 France : Tracts on the Commerce, &c. of, viz. : — 
 
 1. Memoire surle Tai-if desSucres, 1S28. "1 
 
 2. Petitions des Proprictaires de Vignes de la Gironde, 1828. ^ j 
 
 3. Lettre des Membres composant la Commission d'Enquete nommee | 
 
 dans I'Assemblee Generale des Fabricans d'EtoflPes, tenue a I 
 Lyon le 4 Docembre 1823, a M. le Comte de Saint Cricq | 
 
 4. Papport fait au nom de la Commission chargee d'examiner le | 
 
 ProjetdeLoi siirCercales, par M.le Baron Charles Dupin, 1834. )- 4to. 1 vol. 
 
 5. Les Negocians de Bordeaux au Chambres Legislatives sur la 
 
 Legislation Commerciale. 
 
 6. Papport de la Commission Commerciale du Havre a ses Com- 
 
 mettans, 183.5. 
 
 7. Pecherches Statistiques sur les Forcts de la France, par Faiseau- 
 
 Lavanne, 1829. 
 France : Morcellement'des Terres : — 
 
 1. Effets du Morcellement de la Propriete Fonciere en France, par" 
 
 Sir Francis d'lveraois, 1826. 
 
 2. Aper^u sur la Division et le Morcellement des Heritages, par 
 
 M. H. Grenier, 1826. 
 
 3. Des Systemes de Culture et de leur Influence, par ]\L H. Passy, 
 
 Pair de France, 1846. f 
 
 4. Peview of the Work of INIessrs. Pubichon and Mounier (" de 
 
 I'Action de la Noblesse," &c.), and of the Memoir of M. B. De 
 Chateauneuf " f m- I'Extinction des Families Nobles en France," 
 by Lord Lovelace, 1848. J 
 
 See, also, Sismondi. 
 
 Francceur : Uranographie, ou Traite Elementaire d'Astronomie, par 
 
 M. Francoeur. 8vo. 6me edition, Paris, 1853. 
 Franklin : The Complete Works ou Philosophy, Politics, and Morals of 
 Dr. Benjamin Franklin, with Memoirs of his Early Life written by 
 himself. 2d edition. 8vo. 3 vols. London. 
 The famous Latin verse under the engraved porti-aits of Franklin,— 
 
 " EripiiU caJofulmen, sceptrumque tyranrds" 
 was happily imitated by D'Alembertfi-om thefollowing verse of the Anti-Lucretius — 
 '" Eripuitque Jovifulmen, Fhoeboque sagittas." 
 
 Frederick the Great. Sec Dover. 
 
 Fresnot (Ch. Alphonse du) : The Art of Painting, translated into 
 English Verse, by William Mason, A.M., with notes by 8ir 
 Joshua Reynolds. 4to. York, 1783.^ 
 
 The same Work. Post 8vo. Dublin, 1783. 
 
 Methode pour Etudier ITIistoire, avec un Catalogue des Princi- 
 
 paux Historiens, par M. I'Abbe Lenglet du Fresnoy, corrigee et 
 
 augraentee par M. Drouet. 12mo. 15 vols. Paris, 1762. 
 
 Frezier : Relation d'un Voyage de la Mer du Sud, aux Cotes du Chili et 
 
 du Perou, en 1712-1714, par M. Frezier. 4 to. Paris, 1732. 
 
 This valuable work contains one of the earliest notices of guano, now of such 
 
 importance, that is anywhere to be met with : — " L'Isle d'lquique* est aussi 
 
 habitee par des Indiens et des Noirs, qu'on y occupe a tirer la guana, qui est 
 
 une teiTe iaunatre qu'on croit etre de la fiente d'oiseaux, parceque outre qu'elle a 
 
 la puanteui- de celle des Cormorans, on a trouve des plumes d'ciseaux fort avant 
 
 dans cette terre. Ncamioins on a peine a comprendre comment il a pu s'en amasser 
 
 une si grande quau ite, car depuis plus de cent ans on en charge tons les ans dix 
 
 ou douze navires pour engraisser les terres, comme je le dirai plus has, et a peine 
 
 s'aopercoit-on que I'isle ait diminue de hauteur, quoiqu'elle soit petite d'environ 
 
 trois quarts de lieue de tour, et qu'outre ce qu'on en porte par mer, on en charge 
 
 » Orpositc and coatij?uou3 to the port of that name ou the coast of Upper Peru. 
 
103 
 
 F]ir.ziF.n—co7it. 
 
 quantity de mules pour les vipncs et les terrcs hiboun'es de Tcrapacn, I'ica, ct 
 autros lieux circonvoisins, ce iiui fait penscr a quclqucs-un que c'est une qiialite 
 de terre particuliere. Pour moi je ne serois pas de ce sentiment; car il est vrai 
 que les oiseaux de mer sont en si f;;rande quantite, qu'on pent dire, sans exagc'ra- 
 tion, (jue I'air en est quelquefois obscurci ; on les voit dans la baye d'Arica, par 
 multitudes infinies, s'assemblcr tons les matins vers les dix heures, et tous les 
 soirs vers les six heures, pour enlever le poisson qui vient a fleur d'eau daus ce 
 temps-la, ou ils font une espece de pcche reguliere " (p. 135). 
 
 FuLLKK : The History of the Worthies of Enghind, by Thomas Fuller, 
 
 D.D. 8vo. 3 vols. Loiuloii, 1840. 
 Fu-NDixG. Sec Taxation and Fundinji:. 
 
 Gai.e : The Court of the Gentiles ; or, a Discourse touching the Traduc- 
 tion of Human Literature, both Philologic and Philosophic, from the 
 vScriptures and Jewish Church, in V. parts, by Theopliilus Gale. 4to. 
 3 vols. London, 1672. Calf, ex. 
 
 This is a -work in which the prejudices and the learning of the author are alike 
 conspicuous. Its object is to show that all knowledge, whether barbarian or 
 Greek, has been derived from the Jews. And this worthless hypothesis is 
 supported with some ingenuity, and a great deal of research. The author is a 
 zealous Calvinist ; and lays down and enforces some of the most unpopular tenets 
 embraced in the Calvinistic doctrine. 
 
 Galiani : Correspondance inedite de M. I'Abbe Ferdinand Galiani, pen- 
 dant les Annecs 1765 a 1783. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1818. 
 
 See, also. Corn Laws, INIaritime Law, and Money, for other Works of 
 this very clever Author. 
 Game Laavs, Tracts on : — 
 
 1. Three Letters on the Game Laws, 1818. "1 
 
 2. Observations ou the Game Laws, 1824. I Q • 1 • 1 
 
 3. Considerations on the Game Laws, by Lord SufEeld. 2d edition, f "^<^- ^ '^'O'' 
 
 1825. J 
 
 Garcillasso de la Vega : Illstoirc dcs Incas, Rois du Perou, traduite 
 de TEspagnol de Garcillasso de la Vega. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1744. 
 Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 Gardiner : Kapin of Gardens (see Rapini, &c.) ; a Latin Poem trans- 
 lated into English Verse, by W. B. Gardiner. 2d edition. 8vo. 
 London, 1706. 
 This work is said to have been revised by Pope. 
 Garxier. See Political Economy. 
 Garth : The Dispensary, a Poem in Six Cantos, by Sir Samuel Garth. 
 
 6th edition. Post 8vo. London, 1706. In the original red inor. 
 Gaskell : Artisans and Machinery ; the Moral and Physical Condition 
 of the Manufacturing Population ; by P. Gaskell, Esq. 12mo. Lon- 
 don, 1836. 
 Gassendi (Pet.) De Vita et Moribus Epicuri libri VIII. 4to. Parisiis, 
 1647. 
 A learned, able, and conclusive vindication of the life and morals of Epicurus 
 from the calumnies of which they had been the object. (Jibbon says of Gassendi, 
 that he is le meilkur p/iilosojihe des littiraleurs et le meilkur litterateur des plii- 
 losophes (Misc. Works, iv. 'i.2). 
 
 L 2 
 
164 
 
 Gaubil : Histoire de Gengliiscan et do toiite la Dynastie des Mongous, 
 
 par le R. P. Gaubil. 4to. Paris, 1739. 
 Gaudentio (Sig.) di Lucca, the Adventures of, giving an Account of an 
 unknown Country in the midst of the Deserts of Africa, &c. 2d ed. 
 8vo. London, 1748. 
 This curious work has been noticed by Mr. Dunlop as follo-ws :— " Gaudentio di 
 Lucca is generally, and, I believe, on good gi-onuds, supposed to be the work of 
 the celebrated Berkeley, bishop of Cloyne,* one of the most profound philosophers 
 and virtuous visionaries of his age. 'We are told, in the life of this celebrated 
 man, that Plato was his favourite author ; and, indeed, of all English writers, 
 Berkeley has most successfully imitated the style and manner of that philosopher. 
 It is not impossible, therefore, that the fanciful republic of the Grecian sage 
 may have led Berkeley to write Gaudentio di Lucca, of which the principal 
 object, apparently, is to describe a faultless and patriarchal form of government. 
 This representation of perfection and happiness is exhibited in the journey of 
 Gaudentio di Lucca to jNIezzoramia, a country in the heart of the deserts of 
 Africa, whose inhabitants had lived unknown to the rest of the world, and in a 
 region inaccessible except by the road by which Gaudentio was earned thither. 
 This Italian having followed a seafaring life, was taken by corsairs and conveyed 
 to Alexandria. He was there sold to one of the chiefs, or pophars, of this 
 unknown country, M'ho had come to Egypt on mercantile speculation. The best 
 and most striking part of the work is the description of the journey across the 
 desert sands, which the travellers traverse on dromedaries, and which are happily 
 contrasted with those stations that lay on the road, where they sought repose and 
 shelter. The region which Gaudentio finally reaches is described as a terrestrial 
 paradise, and its government, laws, and customs are what the author conceives 
 to be most perfect in civil polity and social intercourse. His views are some- 
 ■what fantastic, but not so visionary as those exhibited in the Utopia. During his 
 abode in this happy land, Gaudentio, who had been discovered to be the grand 
 nephew of the master whom he had followed to Mezzoramia, is treated with much 
 distinction, and, at length, espouses the daughter of the pophar. But after a 
 residence of 25 years, having lost his wife and children, he sets out for his 
 own countrj', and, after some adventures, an-ives at Bologna, where he is arrested 
 by the inquisition, and forced to give an account of his adventures. 
 " The style of this work is extremely pure, and some of the incidents, especially 
 that of the grand vizier's daughter, who was aftenrards sultana, exceedingly well 
 managed. The portrait of the English free-thinker, towards the end of the work, 
 is skilfully drawn, and the absurdity of the arguments of Ilobbes very humorously 
 displayed."^ (History of Fiction, iii. 491.) 
 Gay : Faljles by Mr. Gay (Part I.) Original edition, -with the 
 Dunciad of Mr. Pope. 4to. London, 1727 and 1729. llussia, 
 gilt leaves. 
 
 . Fables by John Gay, with Life of the Author. 12nio. Vignettes. 
 
 London, 1816. Calf, gilt. 
 Fables, by the late Mr. Gay. 7th edition. 8vo. 2 vols. Lon- 
 don,' 1753. 
 
 . Fable.s, by the late Mr. John Gay. 12mo. Foulis, GlasgOAV, 
 
 1761. 
 
 Poems on Several Occasions, by Mr. John Gay. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1767. 
 
 Plays of. Post 8vo. London, 1772. Calf, ex. 
 
 Gebelin : Monde Primitif analyse et compare avec le Monde IModerne, 
 cousidere dans son Genre Allegorique et dans les Allegories auxquelles 
 conduisit ce Genre, &c., par M. Court de Gebelin. Nouvelle edition, 
 4to. 9 vols. Paris, 1787. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 * This, however, is not by any means so certain as Mr. Dunlop seems to suppose. Mackintosh says 
 that its'bein? a'icribed to" Berkeley " probably rests on nootb^r srround than its union of pleasing 
 invention \vith benevolence and elegance."— (Dissertation on Ethical Philosophy, 2d cd. p. 214.) 
 
 \ 
 
1G5 
 
 Geddes : An Kssay on the Composition and Manner of Writinp; of (ho 
 Anticnts, ])artic'uhirly I'hito, by James CecUlcs, Esq., Advocate. 8vo. 
 Ghisgow, 1748. 
 Geli. : The Topofrraphv of Konie and its Vicinity, by Sir William Cell, 
 
 ^I.A., 8cc. 8\o. 2 vols. London, 1834. 
 romi)ciana : The Topojrra|)hy, Edifices, and Ornaments of Pom- 
 peii, by Sir William Gell and John P. Gandy, Esq., Architect. 
 3d edition. Svo. London, 18o2. 
 This work is profusely illustrated with plates. 
 Genius, An Essay on Original. Svo. London, 1767. 
 Gextz on the State of Europe, before and after the French Revolution, 
 
 translated by J. C. Herrics. Svo. London, 1802. 
 Geogkai'IIY : Dictionnaire Geographique Universel, par une Societe des 
 Geographes. Svo. 10 vols. Paris, 1823, &c. 
 
 Journal of Geographical Society of London, from its Commence- 
 
 ment in 1831. Svo. vols. London, 1833, &c. Half 
 
 Pussia. 
 
 A Complete System of Geography, being a Description of all 
 
 the Countries, Islands, Cities, &c. of the Known World. 
 2 vols. Folio. London, 1744. 
 
 The Geography and History of England, in Two Parts. Svo. 
 
 London, 176o. 
 
 Geographia? Veteris Scriptoi'cs Gra^ci Minores, cum Interpreta- 
 
 tione Latina, Dissertationibus ac Annotationibus. Svo. 4 vols. 
 Oxoniai, 1698-1712. Blue mor., ex., Pozerian. 
 
 Sec, also, Cellarius, Cluverius, D'Anville, Guthrie, Johnston, 
 
 Malte-Brun, M'Culloch, Piukerton, Rennell, &c. 
 
 Geuakd : An Essay on Taste, by Alexander Gerard, D.D. 3d edition. 
 Svo. Edinburgh, 1780. 
 
 The proof sheets of the first edition of this Essay were corrected by David Hume 
 (Wrangham, p. 245). 
 
 on Genius. Svo. London, 1774. 
 
 GiAXxoxE : Histoire Civile du Royaumc de Naples, de I'ltalien de Pierre 
 Giaunoue, avee des Notes. 4to. 4 vols, a La Hay e, 1742. Mor., ex. 
 " The candour, penetration, and freedom of this excellent lawyer will ever ensure 
 to his work the esteem of all wise men." — (Gibbon, Misc. Works, v. 413.) 
 
 Gibbon: The Miscellaneous Works of Edward Gibbon,"] ,., .„ 
 
 Esq. Svo. 5 vols. London, 1814. I ^"'/orm, 
 
 History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman f ^^I' ?"•' 
 
 Empire. Svo. 8 vols. London, 1838. J '^''"■^• 
 
 • See, also, Rome, History of. 
 
 The greatest of all historians, as well for the importance and difficulty of tlic subject 
 as for the learning and ability with which it is treated. Gil)bon has constructed 
 a broad, well-bottomed, well-paved, and luminous highway from the Kome of 
 Augustus, across the chaos and confusion of the Middle Ages, down to the solid 
 ground of modern times. No such gigantic undertaking has ever been accom- 
 plished by any other individual. And the solidity of the structure seems to equal 
 its compactness and beauty. 
 
 GiFFOKD : The Baviad and ^Mo^viad, by William Gilford, Esq. 6tli edition. 
 
 12mo. London, 1800. Purple mor. 
 Juvenal. See Classics and Translations. 
 
Calf, ex., 
 uniform. 
 
 166 
 
 Gilbert : A Treatise on the Court of Exchequer, by a hite Lord Chief 
 
 Baron (Gilbert). 8vo. London, 1758. 
 Giles : Life and Times of Alfred the Great, by the Rev. J. A- Giles, D.C.L. 
 
 2d edition. 8vo. Oxford, 1854. 
 Gillies : Aristotle's Ethics, Politics, &c. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 Lysias and Isocrates. See Lysias and Isocrates. 
 
 The History of Ancient Greece, its Colonies and' 
 
 Conquests, to the Death of Alexander the 
 Great, by John Gillies, LL.D. 4th edition, 
 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1801. 
 
 The History of Ancient Greece, its Colonies and ^ 
 
 Conquests, Part Second; embracing the History 
 
 of the Ancient World from the Dominion of 
 
 Alexander to that of Augustus, &c. 8vo. 
 
 4 vols. London, 1820. 
 
 These are valuable works. The history of Greece, though written in a vaihov grandiose 
 
 style, has the advantage of being comprised within moderate limits, and is the 
 
 best that had been published when it appeared. The history of Alexander's 
 
 successors has but little cohesion between its parts, and is a series of histories 
 
 rather than a single history. But, nevertheless, it is perhaps the best account of 
 
 an interesting period in the English language. 
 
 Gilpin : Lives of Wicliff, Lord Cobham, John Huss, &c., by William 
 
 Gilpin. 8vo. London, 1765. 
 
 Life of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1784. 
 
 An Essay on Prints, by William Gilpin, M.A. 5th edition. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1802. Half mor., uncut. 
 GiNGUENE : Histoire Litteraire d'ltalie, par P. D. Ginguene. 8vo. 9 vols. ; 
 avec la Continuation de Salfi, 8vo. 5 vols. • «n tout 14 vols. Paris, 
 1811-23. Calf, ex. 
 The great work of Tiraboschi embraces the ancient as well as the modern literature 
 of Italy. But Ginguene has wdsely satisfied himself with a nan-ower range. He 
 gives a rapid sketch of the state of literature during the dark ages, or in the 
 interval between the sera of Constantine and the 13th century, or the age of 
 Pante. The latter epoch may, indeed, be properly said to be the commencement 
 of his history. And though less conversant than Tiraboschi with the theological, 
 philosophical, and scientific learning of his countrymen, he is as well or better 
 acquainted with their poetry, romances, and belles-lettres generally. Ginguene died 
 before he had finished his account of the literature of the 1 fith century. But its 
 deficient portions were completed, and the work still further extended by Salfi. 
 The latter has executed his task in a very creditable manner ; and though need- 
 lessly prolix, the labours of Ginguene and Salfi make a very interesting literary 
 history. 
 GiRARD : Synonymes Francois, &c., par M. I'Abbe Girard, revu et 
 augmente par Beauzee. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris. Veau fauve, gilt. 
 An ingenious, philosophical, and, indeed, admirable work. 
 
 Les Vrais Principes de la Langue Fran^oise. 2 vols. Paris, 1747. 
 
 GiRAUD : Recherches sur le Droit de Propriete chez les Remains sous la 
 
 Republique et sous I'Empire, par Charles Giraud. 8vo. Aix, 1838. 
 GiSBORNE : An Liquiry into the Duties of Men in the Higher and Middle 
 Classes of Society in Great Britain, by Thomas Gisborne, M.A. 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1795. 
 
 Principles of Moral Philosophy Investigated. 4th edition. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1798. 
 
107 
 
 Glas : The History of the Discovery, i^'to. of the Canary Islamls. with .a 
 Deseriptiou of the same, &c., by George Ghis. 4to, I.oiuh)ii, 17()4. 
 Russia. 
 
 Glossauium Eroticum Linguae LatiiKV. 8vo, Parisiis, 182G. :Mor., extra. 
 
 Glossary of Architecture. See Parker. 
 
 Glovek : Leoniaas, a Poem, by R. Glover. 5th editiou. 12ino. 2 vols. 
 Loudon, 1770. 
 
 ^Memoirs of a Celebrated Literary and Political Character, from 
 
 the Resignation of Sir Robert' Walpnle in 1742 to the Esta- 
 blishment of Lord Chatham's Second Admiuistration in l7o7. 
 New editiou. 8vo. London, 1814. 
 Richard Glover, the author of these two works, a merchant of the city of London, 
 born 1712, died 1785. Thouffh engafred in commercial pursuits, he was distin- 
 guished as a poet and a politician. Being an adherent of the party in opposition 
 to Sir Kobert Walpole, and on intimate terms with some of its chiefs, his Leonidas 
 •was easerly patronised by them, and was at first verj- popular ; but it has long 
 since fallen to its just level, or, perhaps, to one a little lower, and is all but 
 entirely forgotten. The ballad of Hosier's ghost is the only one of his poetical pro- 
 ductions that is now remembered. The Jlemoirs refen-ed to above were a posthu- 
 mous publication ; they comprise short sketches of some of the more prominent 
 political negociations "and changes during the period to which they refer ; but 
 they are not of any great importance. It has sometimes been said that Glover was 
 Junius ; and it was supposed that the publication of these Memoirs would, at all 
 events, assist in unravelling the mystery in Avhich that name is involved. But 
 such has not been the case. It is, indeed, sufficiently evident that the famous letters 
 •which appeared under the signature of Junius could not have been written by the 
 author of this book, and there is nothing in it to indicate who really wrote them. 
 Glover was for a considerable tiaie M.P. for Weymouth; and was a good speaker, 
 especially upon commercial matters. 
 Godson : A Practical Treatise on the La-^v of Patents for Inventions, &c., 
 
 by Richard Godson, Esq. Svo. London, 1823. 
 Godwin : The Enquirer ; Essays ou Education, Manners, and Literature, 
 by William Godwin. 8vo. London, 1797. 
 
 Life of Chaucer. 4to. 2 vols. London. Calf, ex. 
 
 Lives of Ed-n-ard and John Philips, Nephews and Pupils of 
 
 Milton. 4to. London, 1815. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 GoDWYN — Rous : Moses and Aaron ; Civil and Ecclesi-" 
 
 astical Rites of the Ancient Hebrewcs, by 
 
 Thomas Godwyn, B.D. London, 1641, 
 '— Romanse Historian Anthologia recognita et aucta ; 
 
 an English Exposition of the RomanAntiquities. ^ 4to. 1 vol. 
 
 London, 1648. 
 
 Archaiologia3 Attica; libri septem ; Seaven Books 
 
 of the Attick Antiquities, by Francis Rous. 3d 
 edition. Oxford, 1649. 
 GoGUET : De rOrigine des Loix, des Arts, et des Sciences, et de leurs 
 Progres chez les Anciens Peuples, par A. Y. Goguct. 4to. 
 3 vols. Paris, 1758. Calf, ex. The Abbe Morellet's copy. 
 
 The same Work. 12mo. 6 vols. Paris, 1778. Veau fauve. 
 
 The same Work, Dr. Henry's Translation. Svo. 3 vols. Edin- 
 
 burgh, 1761. Large paper. Calf, ex. 
 This book affords an admirable specimen of what DugaJd Stewart calls conjectural 
 history. Assuming the human race to have been in early ages everywhere iu 
 
168 
 
 GOGDET — cont. 
 
 a depressed state, similar to that of the Cyclops or ancient inhabitants of Sicily, 
 as described by Homer,* Goguet proceeds to show how they raised themselves from 
 this low condition, by investigating the origin of laws, arts, and sciences, and 
 tracing their progress among the most ancient nations down to about 540 years b.c. 
 His conclusions are partly bottomed on the sacred and classical authors, partly on 
 observations made by modem voyagers and travellers who have \asited barbarous 
 or semi-civilised countries, and partly on what he presumed would be the descrip- 
 tion of discoveries and inventions that the circumstances under which men are 
 supposed to have been placed would naturally give birth. The amount of reading 
 and research is quite immense, and it may be truly said that no nook^or corner, 
 however remote or obscure, has been left unexplored that could be deemed at all 
 likely to furnish any facts or hints in regard to the subjects treated of And the 
 success of the author in extracting, sifting, and estimating at its just value, the 
 information derived from so many difTerent sources, his sagacity in supplying its 
 deficiencies by the most probable theoi'ies and deductions, and his skill in condensing 
 the whole into a concise, clear, and interesting narrative, has rarely been equalled, 
 and never suipassed. It would, indeed, be no easy task, were one so disposed, to 
 oven-ate the merits of this work. 
 Gibbon, who has referred to it in terms of high commendation, doubts whether it be 
 so well known in England as it deserves to be (Decline and Fall, caps. 38 and 40). 
 But of this there can be really no doubt, which is the more sraprising as it has 
 been exceedingly well translated by Dr. Henry, the historian. The best of the 
 French editions is the 4to of 1758, published by the author; and the best of the 
 English editions is that of 1761. M. De Goguet was born in 1716, and was 
 earned off by the small-pox in 1758, only a few months after the publication of 
 his great work. He had been much indebted to and assisted in his labours by his 
 contemporary, ]\I. Fugcre, to whom he bequeathed his library ; but the latter was 
 so much affected by his friend's death that he survived him only three days. — 
 (Biographic Universelle, Art. Goguet.) 
 
 Gold : Tracts on Supply of, viz. : — 
 
 1. The New Supplies of Gold, by William Newmarch, 1853. 
 
 2. On the Imminent Depreciation of Gold, by William Austin, 
 
 1853. 
 
 3. A Letter to Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P., by F. Scheer, 1852. 
 
 4. Some Observations on the Kecent Supplies of Gold, by Andi-ew 
 
 Johnson, 1852. 
 
 5. Art. on Precious Metals, from Supplement to Commercial Dic- 
 
 tionary, 1854. 
 
 6. Chevalier on the Production of the Precious Metals, by D. F. ^ j vol 8vo 
 
 Campbell, Esq., 1853. 
 Leon Faucher, on the Production of the Precious Metals, by 
 Thomson Hankey, Esq., M.P., 1852. 
 
 8. Wyld's Gold Fields of Australia, 1853. 
 
 9. Danson on the Quantity of Gold and Silver sent from America to 
 
 Europe, 1851. 
 10. The Etfect of a Small Fall in the Value of Gold upon Money, 
 by James Maclaren, M.A., 1853. 
 
 Goldsmith : The History of Rome, from the Foundation of the City to 
 the Destruction of the Western Empire, by Dr. Goldsmith. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1786. 
 
 The Histoiy of Greece, from the Earliest Times to the Death of 
 
 Alexander the Great. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1785. 
 
 * " The Cyclops know no laws. Each governs his family, and rules over his wife and children. 
 They trouble not themselves with the affairs of their neighbours, and think not themselves inter- 
 ested in them. Accordingly they have no assemblies to deliberate on public affairs. They are 
 governed by no general laws to regulate their manners and their actions. They neither plant nor 
 sow ; they are fed by the fruits which the earth produces spontaneously. Their abode is on the 
 summits of mountains, and caverns serve them for a retreat."— Odyss. lib. ix., line 106, &c. 
 
1(19 
 
 Goldsmith : Tlu' Ilifitoiy of England, from the Karlicst Times to the 
 Doatli of George 11. 4tli edition, with Heads. 8vo. 4 vols. 
 London, 17S4. 
 
 ]\Iis''eUaneoiis Works, by Prior. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1837. 
 
 Calf, ox. 
 
 l\)etical Works of, with Life. 12ino. Piekering, London, 1853. 
 
 Life of, by James Prior. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1837. 
 
 Goi.MTZ : Compendium Geographicum, opera et studio A. Golnitz. 16nio. 
 
 Amsterdam, 1643. Old red mor. 
 GoKDON : Itinerarinm Septcntrionale, or a Journey tlirough most of the 
 Counties of Scotland and those in the Nortli of England, witli 
 an Appendix and many Plates, by Alexander Gordon, A,M. 
 Folio. London, 172G and 1732. Hog skin, gilt leaves. 
 
 A Com])leat History of the Ancient Amphitheatres. From the 
 
 Vcro/ia Illustrata o'L'Maffei. 8vo. London, 1730. 
 
 A History of Ireland, -.from the Earliest Accounts to the Union 
 
 with Great Britain in 1801, by the Rev. James Gordon. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1806. 
 GossELiN : Recherches sur la Geographie Systematique et Positive des 
 Ancieus. 4to. 2 vols. Paris, An. VL (1798). 
 
 Recherches sur la Serique des Anciens, et sur leurs Connois- 
 
 sances de la Haute Asie, par M. Gosselin. 4to. Paris, 1805. 
 
 Extracted from the 49th vol. of the Memoires de T Acadanie des Inscriptions. Only 
 
 20 copies printed. 
 
 GouGH : British Topography, or an Historical Account of what has been 
 
 done for Illustrating the, Toj)Ographical Antiquities of Great 
 
 Britain and Ireland, by Richard Gough, Esq. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1780. Russia, ex., gilt leaves. 
 
 An Essay on the Rise and Progress of Geography in Great 
 
 Britain and Ireland. 4to. London, 1780. Half Russia. 
 GouRCY : Quel fut I'Etat des Personnes en France sous la Premiere et la 
 
 Seconde Race de nos Rois ? Par De Gourcy. 12mo. Paris, 1769. 
 GouROFF : Recherches sur les Enfants Trouves et les Enfants lUegitimes, 
 
 par M. De Gouroff. 8vo. Paris, 1839. Calf, ex. 
 GouvERXEMEXT, Principes de tout. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1766. 
 Graham : Three Months passed in the Mountains East of Rome, by Maria 
 Graham. 8vo. London, 1820. 
 
 The History of the Rise and Progress of the United States of 
 
 North America till the British Revolution in 1688, by James 
 Graham, Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1827. 
 Grainger : The Sugar Cane, a Poem, in Four Books, with Notes, by 
 
 James Grainger, M.D. 4to. London, 1764. 
 Grainger — Tibullus. See Classics and Translations. 
 Gramatica de la Lengua Castellana, compuesta por la Real Academia 
 
 Espaiiola. 12mo. Madrid, 1796. 
 Granger : A Biographical History of England, from Egbert to the 
 
 Revolution, ])rincipally designed to illustrate a Series of Engraved 
 
 Portrait-;, by the Rev. J. Granger. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1779. Old 
 
 calf, ex. 
 
170 
 
 Granger : Same work, a new and enlarged edition. 8vo. 6 vols. 
 London, 1824. Half nior., uncut. 
 A higUy interesting and valuable -work. 
 
 Grant : A Sketch of the History of the East India Company, from its 
 First Formation to the Passing of the Regulating Act of 1773, by 
 Robert Grant, Esq. 8vo. Loudon, 1813. 
 
 Graunt : Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality, 
 by Captain John Graunt, F.R.S., chiefly with reference to the Govern- 
 ment, Religion, Trade, Growth, Air, Diseases, &c., of the City of London. 
 5th edition. 8vo. London, 1676. 
 
 Gravina: Origines du Droit Civil, ou Histoire de la Legislation chez les 
 
 Remains de Gravina, traduit du Latin, par Requier. Nouvelle edit. 
 
 corrige. 8vo. Paris, 1822. 
 
 Gravina De Ortu etProgressu Jxiris Civtlis, of which this is a translation, is one of 
 
 the test, or, perhaps, the very best, of the many works that have been published on 
 
 the Civil or Roman law. It is not a mere work of erudition, but is composed in a 
 
 philosophical and enlarged spirit Montesquieu, Gibbon, and other great writers 
 
 refer to it over and over again as being of fii'st-rate authority-. 
 
 Gray : The Works of Mr. Gray, with Memoir of his Life and Writincrs. 
 Svo. 2 vols. Oxford, 1825. Mor., ex. 
 
 Poetical Works, Avith Life, by the Rev. John Mitford, &c. 8vo. 
 
 Eton, 1851. Mor., ex. 
 
 Correspondence with Mason and Brown, by Mitford. 8vo. London, 
 
 1853. 
 Sir James Mackintosh has given the following sketch of Gray's poetical character : — 
 " Gray was a poet of a high order, and of all English poets he was the most finished 
 artist. He attained the highest degree of splendour of which poetical style seems 
 to be capable. If Virgil and his scholar Kacine may be allowed to have imited 
 somewhat more ease with their elegance, no other poet approaches Gray in this 
 kind of excellence. The degree of poetical invention diffused over such a stjle, 
 the balance of taste and of fancy necessarj- to produce it, and the art with which an 
 offensive boldness of imageiy is polished away, are not indeed always perceptible 
 to the conmion reader, nor do they convey to any mind the same species of 
 gratification which is felt from the perusal of those poems which seem to be the 
 unpremeditated etfusions of enthusiasm ; but to the eye of the critic, and more 
 especially to the artist, they afford a new kind of pleasure, not incompatible with a 
 distinct perception of the art employed, and somewhat similar to the grand emotions 
 excited by the reflection on the skill and toil exerted in the construction of a mag- 
 nificent palace. They can only be classed among the secondary pleasures of poetry, 
 but they can never exist without a great degree of its higher excellencies. Almost 
 all his poetry was IjTical ; that species which, issuing irom a mind in the highest 
 state of excitement, requires an intensity of feeling which for a long composition 
 the genius of no poet could support. Those who complained of its brevity and 
 rapidity only confessed their own inability to follow the movements of poetical 
 inspiration. Of the two grand attributes of the ode, Dryden had displayed the 
 enthusiasm, Gray exhibited the magnificence. He is also the only modem English 
 writer whose Latin verses deserve general notice ; but we must lament that such 
 difficult trifles had diverted his genius from its natural objects. In his letters he 
 had shown the descriptive powers of a poet, and in new combinations of generally 
 familiar words, which he seems to have caught from Madame de Sevigne (though 
 it must be owned he was somewhat quaint), he was eminently happy. It may be 
 added, that he deserves the comparatively trifling praise of having been the most 
 learned poet since Milton." — (Life, ii. 177.) 
 
 Gray — Mathias : Observations on the Writings and on the Character of 
 Mr. Gray, by J. T. Mathias. Post Svo. London, 1815. 
 
171 
 
 GuKAvns : The ^MiscilhuieousWorks of Mr. JoImCri'uvcs, with an Ai-coiiiit 
 
 of liis Lite and Writiiiirs, I)v Tlioniiis IJiich, M.A. Hvo. 2 vols. Loiuloii, 
 
 1737. 
 
 Ghegoiue : Do la Tiittoratnro ilcs Noui-os. on Kochorchos stir lours Faciiltos 
 
 IntoUootuollos, lours Qualilos IMoralos, o( lour Littonituro, olo., 
 
 par M. Gro-roiro, anc'iou Evoquo do Blois, &c. Hvo. Paris, 1808, 
 
 Do la Douiostk'ito chcz los Pouplcs Anciens et Modei'nes, par 
 
 M. Grogoiro. 8vo. Paris, 1814. 
 These are works w hich display considerable research, and are written in a liberal 
 spirit. In the first the ex-Bishop endeavours to show that Blacks, and even 
 Negroes, are in all respects equal to the Whites, and are as capable of making 
 advances in literature and civilization, lie a|)pears to have thouf^ht, as was said 
 of slaves in antiquity, " Homines sunt, ctianisi illos mains Fttlits oj>i>r(\ssrrit." (Pet. 
 Arbiter.) We are sorry to be obliged to say that there does not appear to be any 
 good foundation for these statements. How comes it, if the races be really equal, 
 that the Whites have raised themselves to the high position they now occupy? and 
 that the Blacks continue to be, as of old, hewers of wood and drawers of water, 
 without having made any advance ? No black nation, or race, has ever invented 
 even an alphabet, or been able to tame the elephant, and their religious obser- 
 vances are quite in keeping with their attainments. Whether their inferiority 
 affords any valid excuse for their enslavement, or for subjecting them to a system 
 of compulsory labour, is a (fuestion of which the solution is not so very easy as we 
 generally seem to imagine. But of the marked, and decided, inferiority of the 
 Blacks to the Whites, in an intellectual point of view, we hold that no reasonable 
 man can have the smallest doubt. 
 
 GuEGORii (Jac, M.D,), Conspectus Medicina3 Theoretical, ed. sexta. 8vo. 
 Edinburgi, 1818. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 Celebrated for the elegance of its Latinit^\ 
 
 Gregory — Loavtii : Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews, from 
 the Latin of Bishop Lowth, with the Notes of Michaelis, &c., by G. Gre- 
 gory, F. A. S. 8vo, 2 vols. London, 1787. Red mor., ex., gilt leaves. 
 
 Gregory : A Treatise ou Astronomy, by Olinthus Gregory, LL.D. 8vo. 
 London, 1802. 
 
 Euclid. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 Grellier : The History of the National Debt, by J. ,T. Grellier. Svo. 
 London, 1810. Calf, ex. 
 
 Grellman — Rarer: An Historical Liquiry concerning the IManner of 
 Life, Customs, Condition, and Origin of the Gijjsies, from the German 
 of R M. G. Grellman, by Matthew Raper, Esq., F.R.S. 4to. London, 
 1787. Old mor. 
 The best edition of the most learned and best work on the subject. Mr. G. endea- 
 vours to show that the gipsies are descended from the Pariahs or Suders, the 
 lowest and most degraded portion of the people of llindostan ; and he makes this 
 conclusion, if not (piite certain, at all events exceedingly probable, lie thinks 
 that their emigration from India was occasioned by its invasion and conquest by 
 Timur Bee, or Tamerlane, in 1408 and 1409. Altogether the work is very 
 interesting. 
 
 Greswell : Memoirs of AiigeloPolitian, Picus of Mirandola, Sannazarius, 
 SiC, with Translations from their Poetical Works, by the Rev. W. Parr 
 Greswell. 2d edition. 8vo. jNIanchester, 1805. 
 
 Grey : The Colonial Policy of Lord John Rus-scll's Administration, by 
 Earl Grey. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1853. 
 The gift of the noble Author. 
 
172 
 
 Grey : Parliamentary Government, considered Avitli reference to a Refonn 
 of Parliament : An Essay by Earl Grey. 8vo. London, 1853. 
 
 This is an able and excellent Essay, by one of the most independent men in Parlia- 
 ment. It is especially valuable for the moderate and judicious views which it gives 
 of the practical working of Parliamentary Government. The noble Lord is strongly 
 opposed, and for what appear to be most satisfactory reasons, to all measm-es tending 
 to bring about a general reduction of the franchise. And it is clear that its appro- 
 priate amount is not to be decided by referring to abstract principles, but that it 
 is a matter of compromise and expediency. What is the limit most likely to include 
 those who may safely be intrusted with the franchise and to exclude others ? 
 This is obviously a question which does not admit of a definite answer. It must 
 be acknowledged of the present limit that it excludes a few individuals on whom 
 it might be desirable to confer the franchise ; and that it admits large numbers, 
 especially in the great towns, that should be excluded. But such anomalies 
 will always exist, either to a greater or less extent, whatever limit may be 
 adopted. And taking all things into account, it would appear that that which now 
 exists had better not be disturbed, and that, on the whole, it is reasonably well 
 fitted for a line of demarcation between those who should and those who should 
 not be authorized to vote at elections. The necessary tendency of all measures 
 for generally reducing the fi-anchise is in so far to enable the poverty and igno- 
 rance of the lower portions of society to gain upon, or, it may be, to dictate to the 
 wealth and intelligence of the other classes, including all, or almost all, the holders 
 of property. The latter must, speaking generally, be conservative in the proper 
 sense of the word; whereas the foraier are so liable to be affected by contingent 
 circumstances that they may be, and occasionally are, influenced by a revolutionary 
 spirit, or by such an inconsiderate desire for ill-defined and dangerous reforms 
 as would, if carried, be sure to bring on revolutions, or changes ruinous to the 
 well-being of the country. And hence the expediency of preventing them fi-om 
 acquiring what might sometimes be a preponderating influence over the election 
 of members of Parliament. If the franchise be interfered with, its limit should 
 be raised, not lowered. It would be a great improvement were it fixed at 20/., 
 instead of 10/., in all towns of 100,000 inhabitants and upwards; their representa- 
 tion is at present in the hands of the lowest class or rabble. 
 
 Griffet : Traite de Preuves qui servent a etablir la Verite de ITIistoire. 
 par M, H. Griifet. I2mo. Rouen, 1775. Calf, ex. 
 A work which I hold in high estimation. It displays great sagacity, acuteness, and 
 good sense. 
 Grimm — Diderot : Correspondance Litteraire de Grimm et de Diderot. 
 8vo. 16 vols. Paris, 1829. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 The con-espondence of Grimm, a species of German envoy resident in Paris, mixed 
 with letters of Diderot, extends from 1753 to 1790, so that it nearly comprises 
 the 40 years previous to the Revolution. It is extremely interesting. Grimm 
 pei-mits few objects of any importance to escape his notice, but he directs his 
 principal attention to literary matters, and to those connected with the Court, the 
 opera, and the fashionable world. He is a severe, but withal an able and a 
 sagacious critic. He was a partisan of Voltaire, and an adherent of the philoso- 
 phers of his day. It is singular that neither Grimm, nor any one of those with 
 whom he associated, appears to have anticipated the Eevolution ; and even after 
 the storm had begun to set in, they failed to estimate its causes, how it should be 
 dealt with, and the violence to which, if allowed to run its course, it was likely to 
 attain. 
 Grose : A Voyage to the East Indies, began in 1750, with Observations 
 continued till 1764, including Authentic Accounts of the Mogul 
 Government, &c., by John H. Grose. 2d edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 London, 1766. 
 
 . The Antiquities of Scotland, by Francis Grose, Esq. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1797. Russia, ex. 
 Bums' matchless poem of Tarn O'Shanter was first published in this work. 
 
173 
 
 GuosLEY : Observations sur I'ltalic et sur los Italions, par M. Groslcy. 
 
 12mo. 4 vols. Paris, 1774. 
 Gkotius — Barukykac : Lc Droit do la Guorroot do la Paix, par Grotins ; 
 tradiiit I't annolo i)ar r)arl)cyrac. 4to. 2 vols. Aiustcnlain, 1724. 
 
 Do fJiire HcUi ao Daois, cum Notis Harlicyracii ot alioruin, cura 
 
 Tydoinan. 8vo. 2 vols. Traj. ad Klioniini, 1773. Russia. 
 
 The great work of Grotius was published in 1G2.'). It speedily became the standard 
 in all questions of public law, and acquired an authority in that science not 
 inferior to what the Principia of Xewton subsequently acquired in Physical Astro- 
 nomy, and the Wealth of Nations in Political Kconomy. Its influence has, 
 also, been as salutary as it was powerful, and much of the greater humanity by 
 which modern contests are characterized is due to the teaching of Grotius. 
 The work is original aiul well-reasoned. There is ])erhaps an excess of quotations. 
 Generally, however, thej^ are well selected. And those from poets and orators, 
 Avhile they scne for embellishment, afford by their concun-ence a proof of 
 the unanimity of all ages and nations in approving the leading doctrines and 
 principles of national morality and public law laid down in the work. 
 
 JIackintosh has defended the quotations of Grotius in a passage of surpassing 
 ability and eloquence in his Discourse on the Law of Nature and Nations. And 
 the statements in which Dugald Stewart has spoken disparagingly of (irotius in 
 his dissertation on the Progress of Philosophy, in the Encyclopaedia Rritannica, 
 have been satisfactorily repelled by Ilallam. It is obvious, indeed, that Stewart 
 had been but slenderly acquainted with the work of which he spoke in so unfa- 
 vourable a tone. 
 
 •' If," savs Mackintosh, " we fairly estimate both his endowments and his virtues, we 
 may justly consider Grotius as one of the most memorable men who have done 
 honour to modern times. He combined the discharge of the most important duties 
 of active and public life with the attainment of that exact and various learning 
 M-hich is generally the portion only of the recluse student. He Avas di.-^tinguished 
 as an advocate and a magistrate, and he composed the most valuable works on the 
 law of his own country ; he was almost equally celebrated as a historian, a scholar, 
 a poet, and a divine ; a disinterested statesman, a philosophical lawyer, a patriot, 
 who united moderation with firmness, and a theologian, who was taught candour 
 by his learning. Unmerited exile did not damp his patriotism ; the bitterness of 
 controversy did not extinguish his charity. The sagacity of his numerous and 
 fierce adversaries could not discover a blot on his character ; and in the midst of 
 all the hard trials and galling provocations of a turbulent political life he never 
 once deserted his friends when they were unfortunate, nor insulted his enemies 
 when they were weak. In times of "the most furious civil and religious faction he 
 preserved his name unspotted, and he knew how to reconcile fidelity to his own 
 party with moderation towards his opponents." — (Discourse on Law of Nature 
 and Nations.) 
 
 The notes added by BarbejTac to his translation of the treatise De Jure Belli ac 
 Pads are able, judicious, and to the point ; and hence it is more valuable than 
 'the original work. 
 GnOTius on the Truth of the Christiau Koligion, by Le Clerc and 
 Clarke. 8vo. London, 180o. Calf, ex. 
 
 The Life of, from the French of Buriguy. 8vo. London, I7o4. 
 
 • See, also, Classics and Translations. 
 
 Gkove : A Svstcm of Moral Philosophy, by the Rev. Henry Grove of 
 
 Taunton. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1749. 
 Gtauini : II Pastor Fido del Sig. Battista Guarini, con un Compendio di 
 
 Poesia e altre cose notabili. 4to. Venetia, 16C2. Old nior. 
 GiEXK. See Lettres des quelques Juifs. 
 
 Gl'icci.vrdim : Ilistoire des Giierres de ITtalie, de ITfalicn de. 4to. 
 3 vols. Londres, (Paris,) 1738. Large paper. Red nior. 
 Guicciardini is usually supposed to occupy the first place in the triumvirate of Italian 
 historians, comprising himself, Davila, and Macchiavclli, or Bcntivoglio. liis 
 
•174. 
 
 G UICCIARBINI — COnt. 
 
 subject embraces the history of Italy from 1490 down to 1534, comprising, of 
 course, the invasion of Charles VIII., the sack of Konie by Bourbon, and other 
 important events. But it is painfully minute, and Avoiild have been much im- 
 proved had it been reduced to half its present size. Its prolixity has helped to 
 ■weigh it down, and to detract from its merits, which, however, are great and 
 various. Despite Guicciardini's employment in prominent capacities, by two 
 successive popes, whose confidence he enjoyed, and his dislike to popular 
 government, his history is written with great impartiality, much more so indeed 
 than could have been anticipated. The style is grave and dignified ; and the work 
 abounds in judicious reflections and in moral sentences, expressed with great 
 brevity and force. Selections from these have been extracted and published 
 separately, sometimes with and sometimes without comments. 
 
 GuiGNES (De) : Voyafies a Peking, Manille, ct I'lle de France, faits dans 
 rintervalle des Anuees 1784 a 1801, par M. De Guignes. 8vo. 3 vols, 
 and Atlas. Paris, 1808. 
 Guignes (J. De) : Histoire Generale des Huns, des Turcs, des Mogols, et 
 des autres Tartares Occideutaux. 4to. 5 vols. Paris, 1756-58. Half 
 mor., uncut, top edges gilt. 
 Fine copy of a standard work, and in this state very rare. 
 GuiLLARD : Elements de Statistique Ilumaine, ou Demograpliie Comparee, 
 oil sont expose les Principes de la Science Nouvelle, les Progres de la 
 Population, &c., par M. Achille Guillard. 8vo. Paris, 1855. Half 
 mor., uncut. 
 This is an original, an ingenious, and a generally sound work. 
 GuiscnARDT : Memoires Militaires sur les Grecs et les Romains, par M. 
 Ch. Guischardt. 4to. 2 vols, in 1. La Haye, 1758. 
 A work of very great merit. See the detailed account given of it by Gibbon, Misc. 
 Works, V. pp. 219-223. 
 
 GuizoT : Essais sur I'Histoire de France, par M. Guizot, pour servir de 
 Complement aux Observations de Mably. 8vo. Paris, 1823. 
 
 Histoire de la Civilisation en France. 2de ed. 8vo. 4 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1840. 
 
 Histoire de la Civilisation en Europe. 3me ed. 8vo, Paris, 
 
 1840. 
 
 . Corneille et son Terns ; Shakespeare et son Tems. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1852. 
 Guizot — Monk : Memoirs of Monk, from the Trench of Guizot, by the 
 
 Hon. J. Stuart Wortley. 
 GuMiLLA : Historia Natural, Civil, y Geografica de las Naciones situados 
 en las Riveras del Rio Orinoco, por el Padre Joseph Gumilla. 4to. 
 2 vols. Barcelona, 1791. Spanish calf, ex. 
 GuTCH : Collectanea Curiosa ; or Miscellaneous Historical and Antiqua- 
 rian Tracts, by the Rev. John Gutch. 8vo. 2 vols. Oxford, 
 1781. Calf, ex., uncut, Hayday. 
 
 A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode, with other Ancient and Modern 
 
 Ballads and Songs relating to this celebrated Yeoman, by John 
 M. Gutch, F.S.A., with Cuts by Fairholt. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 London, 1847. Calf, ex. 
 Guthrie : A Geographical, Historical, and Commercial Grammar, exhi- 
 biting the Present State of the World, by William Guthrie, P^sq. 24th 
 edition. 8vo. London, 1827. 
 
175 
 
 GuYO\ : Ilistoire ties Amazonos, pur M. rAlibi- Giiyon. 12mo. Brux- 
 elles, 1741. Mor., ex. 
 " Ouvrage intercssant et curicux" (Lcnglet Dufrcsnoy). 
 Guvs : Voyat^e Litterairc de la Grece, on Leftres siir les Usages des 
 Grecs Anciens et INIodernes, par M. Guys, ymc edition. 4to. 2 vols. 
 Paris, 1783. Large paper, orange mor., gilt. 
 GwiLT : An Encyeloprt'dia of Architecture, Historical, Theoretical, and 
 
 Practical, by Joseph Gwilt. 8vo. 1 vol. Loudon, 1842. 
 Sec Vitruvius in Classics and Translations. 
 
 H. 
 
 IlAcr.MKisTKit : Pci)ort on the Commerce of New Russia, Moldavia, and 
 Walhu-hin, hy flulius De Hagemeister ; translated from the Original, 
 published at Odessa, by T. F. Trubner. Svo. London, 183G. 
 
 IIakeavill : A Picturesque Tour of Italy, from Drawings made in 1816- 
 1817, by James Ilakewili, Architect. 4to. London, 1820. 
 
 IIailks, Lord. See Dalrymple. 
 
 Kali: : The Primitive Origination of Mankind Considered and Examined 
 according to the Light of Nature, by the Honourable Sir Mat- 
 thew Hale, Kt. Folio. London, 1677. 
 
 History of the Common Law, by Hale, edited by C. Runniugton, 
 
 Esq. 8vo. London, 1779. 
 
 These works were written by one of tihe best of the many great judges that have 
 illustrated the judicial annals of England. The first, however, though it embodies 
 a good deal of learning and research, intermixed with some curious speculations, 
 is now of little or no value. Hut the history of the law, conjoined with the eluci- 
 dations of the learned editor, is a publication that may be advantageously referred 
 to by most classes of persons. The chapter (xi.) on "the Course of I)escent.s in 
 England," is particularly interesting. Originally, inheritances were here equally 
 divided among the children. But, says Hale, " this equal division was found to 
 be verj' inconvenient, for, — 
 
 " First, it weakened the strength of the kingdom ; for by frequent parcelling and 
 subdividing of inheritances, in process of time they became so divided and 
 crumbled that there were few persons of able estates left to undergo public charges 
 and offices. 
 
 " Secondly, it did by degrees bring the inhabitants to a low kind of countrj' living ; 
 and families were broken ; and the younger sons which, had they not had those 
 little parcels of land to apply themselves to, would have betaken themselves to 
 trades, or to civil or military or ecclesiastical employments, neglecting those 
 opportunities, wholly applied themselves to those small divisions of land, whereby 
 they neglected the opportunities of greater advantages, of enriching themselves 
 and the kingdom." — (p. 25.'$.) 
 
 And then he goes on to show how the system of primogeniture was introduced and 
 established. 
 
 "We may add that the statement of Hale in regard to the mischievous effects of 
 the equal division of inheritances, especially of land, among the children of 
 iarailies is consistent with universal experience. Sir John Davies says that 
 it wa.s a principal cause of the barbarism of the Irish (I)iscoverie of the Causes, 
 Sic, p. 172, ed. 1747). And it forms at this moment the principal obstacle to, 
 and drawback upon, the increasing prosperity of France. See, for a full discus- 
 sion of this important subject, the Treatise on the Disposal of I'roperty vacant by 
 Death, by J. K. M'C. 
 
 IlAi.TCARXASSrs, Mausoleum at. See Newton. 
 
176 
 
 Hall : Extracts from a Journal written on tlie Coasts of Chili, Peru, 
 and Mexico, in 1820, 1821, 1822, by Capt. Basil Hall. 3d edition. 8vo. 
 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1824. 
 
 Hallam : The Works of Henry Hallam, Esq., viz. : — ■ 
 
 View of the State of Europe in the Middle Ages.~] 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. Loudon, 1819. 
 
 Supplement to the above Work. 8vo. London. | ^^jp ^^ 
 
 Constitutional History of England. 8vo. 3 vols. )> ^^1^01.^'. 
 
 London, 1832. 
 
 Introduction to the Literature of Europe. 8vo. | 
 
 4 vols. London, 1837. J 
 
 Hamilton : A New Account of the East Indies, being the Observations 
 and Remarks of Capt. Alexander Hamilton. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1727. 
 
 O^uvres du Comte Antoine Hamilton. 8vo. 3 vols. Ed. de Re- 
 
 nouard. Paris, 1812. Fine paper, mor., ex., with plates in 
 different states. 
 
 This is the best edition of Hamilton. The Memoirs of the Count de Grammont, the 
 brother-in-law of the author, in which he describes the Court of Charles II., are 
 perfect in style and manner. Laharpe says, " De tons les livres frivoles c'est le 
 plus agrOable et le plus ingenieux; c'est I'omTage d'un esprit leger et fin, accoutume 
 dans la corruption des cours, a ne connaitre d'autre vice que le ridicule, a couvrir 
 les plus mauvaises moeurs d'un vernis d'clegance, a rapporter tout au plaisir et 
 a la gaiete. II y a quelque chose du ton de Voiture, niais infiniment perfectionne. 
 L'art de I'aconter les petites choses, de maniere a les faire valoir beaucoup, y est dans 
 sa perfection. Ce li^TC est le premier oi Ton ait montro souvent cette sorte 
 d'esprit qu'on a depuis appele persiflage, et qui consiste a dire plaisamment les 
 choses scrieuses, et serieusement les choses frivoles." — (Cours de Litterature, vii. 
 318.) The judgment of Voltaire is nearly similar. 
 
 The other works of Hamilton, though of a superior character, are less interesting 
 thao the IMemoirs. It is supposed that the Count de Grammont. who resided 
 long in England, and was famous for his wit, his gallantry, and his bons mots, 
 either dictated, or supplied, to Hamilton the rough sketch of the Memoirs, and 
 that the latter did little more than re-touch and poHsh their style. And it is 
 not a little remarkable that a work which is reckoned a pattern of highly refined 
 and elegant French should have been written by a foreigner. 
 
 The Count de Grammont was celebrated for the freedom as well as the pungency of 
 his remarks. " Pendant son exil en Angleterre il assistoit un jour au diner de 
 Charles II. ; et conformement a I'eiiquette de cette cour les officiers de ce Prince le 
 servoient a genoux. Le roi fit remarquer cet usage au chevalier, comme un 
 marque de respect que ne recevoit aucun autre souverain. Sire, lui dit Gram- 
 mont, j'«< cr« que vos gens vous demandoient par dun de la mauvaise chere qu'ils 
 vous fuiit faire. — (From the iSTotice of the Life of Hamilton prefixed to this 
 edition of his works.) 
 
 A Geographical, Statistical, and Historical Description of Hin- 
 
 dostan and the adjacent Countries, by Walter Llamilton, Esq. 
 
 4to. 2 vols. London, 1820. Calf, ex. 
 , Lectures on Metaphysics, by Sir William Hamilton, Bart., edited 
 
 by Messrs. Mansel, B.D., and Veitch, M.A. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1859. 
 This is a posthumous publication of the most learned metaphysician, and one of the 
 most profound thinkers that has ever appeared in Scotland. The lectures formed a 
 part of the coui-se delivered by Sir William Hamilton to the Logic Class, in the 
 University of Edinburgh; and hence they are necessarily without those profoundly 
 learned discussions on important and difficult questions to be found in his 
 other publications. But on the other hand, they have the advantage of being 
 written in a comparatively plain and clear style, and with an anxious desire that 
 
177 
 
 IIamiltox — cont. 
 
 they should be easily understood. They frequently discover the vast extent of the 
 author's reading and his singular capacity for observing and appropriating any 
 hint or statement that might serve to illustrate a principle or a j)ractice. Tlie 
 lectures have been extremely well edited. Hamiltou was bora in 1788, and died 
 in 1856. 
 
 Hamilton : On tlie National Debt. See Taxation anil Funding. 
 
 Hammer : Ilistoiro dc I'Enipire Ottoman, depuis son Origine jusqu'u nos 
 jours, traduit de I'Alleniand de M. Hammer, par J. J. Hcllert. 8vo. 
 *1S vols. With folio Atlas. Paris, 1835. Half mor., uncut. 
 
 This is, perhaps, tlie most important historical work produced in the course of the 
 present century. It is princi[)ally bottomed on the published and manuscript works 
 of native and other Eastern authorities, vast numbers of wliich have been consulted 
 and laid under contribution by the author. The rise, progress, and decline of the 
 Ottoman power, with the genius of the people, their institutions, habits, &c., have 
 been for the fii-st time fairly exhibited in this work. Little, in truth, was known pre- 
 viously to its appearance, either of the real facts of Turkish hi.story or of the nature 
 of Turkish policy. By its publication JI. Ilanmier has brought a very extensive 
 domain within the sphere of authentic history ; and has, also, materially extended 
 the field of political observation. The work is eminently readable. 
 
 Hampsox : Medii iEvi Kalendarium ; or the Dates, Charters, and Customs 
 of the Middle Ages, with Kalendars from the 10th to the loth Century, 
 and a Glossary of the Dates of the Middle Ages, &c., by R. T. Hampsou. 
 Svo. 2 vols. London, 1841. Calf, ex. 
 A learned, entertaining, and instructive work. 
 
 Haxxo: The Voyage of, translated and accompanied with the Greek 
 Text, by Thomas Falconer, A.M. • Svo. London, 1797. 
 
 Harfokd : The Life of Michael Angelo Buonarroti, by John S. Harford, 
 Esq., D.C.L. Svo. 2 vols. London, 18o7. 
 A very interesting work. 
 
 Harmer: Observations on Divers Passages of Scripture," 
 placing many of them in a New Light by Re- 
 ferences to Voyages and Travels in the East, 
 by Thomas Harmer. 2d edition. Svo. 4 vols. 
 London, 1776-87. 
 
 Commentary on Solomon's Song. Svo. Loud., 1768.^ 
 
 Harris: The Works of James Harris, Esq. 4to. 2 vols. London, 
 1801. 
 
 The Works of. Svo. 5 vols. London, 1772-81. Calf, ex. 
 
 Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca, or a Complete 
 
 Collection of Voyages and Travels, by John Harris, D.D., F.R.S 
 Folio. 2 vols. London, 1764. Russia, ex. 
 
 The Historical Works of William Harris, D.D., viz. : — 
 
 An Historical and Critical Account of the Life' 
 
 of James I., after the manner of Bayle. 2d 
 
 edition. Svo. London, 1772. 
 Do. do. Charles L 2d edition, Svo. London, 
 
 1772. 
 Do. do. Oliver Cromwell. 2d edition. Svo. 
 
 London, 1772. 
 Do. do. Charles II. Svo. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1766. 
 
 Uniform, 
 y calf, ex. 
 Kalthoeber. 
 
 L^niform, 
 ^ old calf, gilt. 
 
17S 
 
 Hakte: The History of the Life of Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden, 
 by the Rev. Walter Harte, M.A. 2d edition. 8vo, 2 vols. 
 London, 1767. 
 This history is the fruit of much laborious research, and is really valuable. But it 
 is tedious; and the style is so affected and bad, that it is all but unreadable. On its 
 b?ing reported to Lord Chesterfield, that Harte, who was tutor to his son, was pre- 
 paring a new edition of this Avork, his Lordship said that the best thing he could 
 do for it was to " translate it into English." 
 
 Essays on Husbandry. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1770. Very 
 
 scarce. 
 An interesting and learned work. It contains sundry statements with respect to 
 husbandry in general, and its importance in a national point of view, with various 
 details respecting its state in different countries and different periods, and a 
 lengthened essay on the value and culture of lucerne. The style is so clear and 
 good, that one has difficulty in believing it can be written by the author of the 
 Life of Gustavus Adolphus. 
 
 Harty: Historic Sketch of the Causes, Extent, and Mortality of Conta- 
 gious Fever and Epidemics in Ireland, in 1741, 1817, and 1818-19, by 
 Wm. Harty. 8vo. Dublin. 
 
 Hase : The Public and Private Life of the Ancient Greeks, by Henry 
 Hase, Ph.D., translated from the German. 12mo. London, 1836. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 Hasselquist: Voyages and Travels in the Levant, in the Years 1749-52. 
 Written originally in the Swedish Language, by the late Frederick 
 Hasselquist, D.D. 8vo. London, 1766. 
 
 Hasted: History of the City of Canterbury, Civil and Ecclesiastical, by 
 Edward Hasted, Esq., F.R.S. and S.A. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols, 
 Canterbury, 1801. Bright old calf. 
 
 Hausset, Memoires de Mme. Du, Femme de Chambre de Mme. De 
 Pompadour, avec des Notes et des Eclaircissemens Historiques. Svo. 
 Paris, 1825. 
 Especially valuable for the notices which it contains of Quesnay, the founder of the 
 sect of Economists. 
 
 Hauteyille. See Zenobie. 
 
 Hawkesworth : An Account of Voyages undertaken for making Dis- 
 coveries in the Southern Hemisphere, by Byron, Wallis, Carteret, and 
 Cook, by John Hawkesworth, LL.D. 4to. 3 vols. Loudon, 1773. 
 
 Hawkins. See Commerce, Corn Trade, &c., and Money, Coins, &c. 
 
 Hatnes : Great Britain's Glory, or an Account of the great Number of 
 Poor employed in the Woollen and Silk Manufactories, by John Haynes. 
 12mo. London, 1715. 
 
 Hayward : Biographical and Critical Essays, reprinted from Reviews, 
 with Additions and Corrections, by A. Hayward, Esq., Q.C. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1858. 
 An interesting and amusing miscellany. 
 
 Hazlitt : Table Talk, or Original Essays on Men and Manners, by 
 Wm. Hazlitt. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1824. 
 
 . AnEssay on the Principles of Human Action. Post 8vo. London, 
 
 1805. 
 
170 
 
 II.VSLITT : Abridgment of Tucker. See Tucker. 
 
 IIearxe : A Journey from Prince of Wales Fort on Hudson's Bay to tho 
 Northern Ocean. 8vo. Dublin. Calf, ex., II. it li. 
 
 A C*)llection of Curious Discourses by eminent Antiquaries, with 
 
 a Preface by !Mr. Thomas Ilearne. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1771. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 See Leland. 
 
 IIkhkrden : Observations on tho Increase and Decrease of Different 
 Diseases, and particularlv of the Plague, by William Ileberden, jun., 
 M.D. 4to. Loudon, 1801. 
 
 Hecker : The Epidemics of the Middle Ages, from the German of J. F. G. 
 Hecker, M.D., translated by B. G. Babington, M.D. 3d edition. 8vo. 
 Loudon, 1859. 
 
 Heerex : Essai sur rinfluonce des Croisades, par A. H. L. Ilecrcn, tra- 
 duit de FAllomand par Charles Villers. 8vo. Paris, 1808. 
 
 The following Works of Ileeren, translated from the German into 
 
 English, in 8vo. ; viz. : — 
 
 I. Historical Researches into the Politics, Intercourse, Trade, 
 &c. of the Carthaginians, Ethiopians, and Egyptians. 2 vols. 
 Oxford, 1832. 
 
 II. Historical Researches into the Politics, &c. of the Prin- 
 cipal Asiatic Nations of Antiquity. 2 vols. London, 1846. 
 
 Vol. 1 of this -work includes Persians, Phoenicians, and Babylonians. Vol a, 
 Scythians and Indians, with Appendices. 
 
 III. Manual of the Hi<<tory of the Political System of Europe 
 and its Colonies. 2 vols. Oxford, 1834. 
 
 IV. Manual of Ancient History, particularly with regard to 
 the Constitution, Commerce, and Colonies of the States of 
 Antiquity. 3d edition. Oxford, 1840. 
 
 Heixeccii (Jo. Got.) Historia Juris Civilis Romani ac Germanici. 8vo. 
 Lugd. Bat., 1740. 
 
 See TurnbuU (George) for the translation of Ileineccius' Treatise 
 
 on Civil Law. 
 
 Heixeckex : Idee Generale d'une Collection complete d'Estampes, &c. 
 (par le Baron de Heinecken). 8vo. Leipsic et Vienne, 1771. Uncut, 
 mor., ex. 
 A very fine copy of a ■work of the highest authority. 
 
 Heinsii (Nic.) Poematum nova editio, accedunt Rutgersii Postuma et 
 Adoptivorum Carmiuum libri II. Post 8vo. Amstelodanii, Elzevir, 
 1666. Russia, gilt. 
 
 Helvetius : (Euvres Completes d'Helvetius, corrigee et augmentee sur 
 les Manuscrits de I'Auteur, avec sa Vie et son Portrait. 5 vols. 
 8vo. Paris, 179.5. Red mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 Dc I'Esprit. 4to. Paris, 1758. In olive morocco by Derome, with 
 
 a fine Portrait, and the various pieces connected with the 
 attempted suppression of the work. 
 Hemso : Specchio Geografico e Statistico dell' Impcro di Marocco, del 
 Conte I. G. di Hemso. 8vo. Geneva, 1834. 
 
 M 2 
 
ISO 
 
 Henderson: The History of Ancient and Modern Wines, by Alexander 
 Henderson, M.D. 4to. London, 1824. Uniform ^vith the Work of 
 Barry on Wine. Light calf, H. & B. 
 This is an excellent work, Ml of sound information. Perhaps, indeed, it is too solidly- 
 written for the inspiring nature of the subject. A new edition would be most 
 acceptable. 
 
 Hendersoniana : Being a Notice of the Life of Alexander Henderson, 
 Esq., with his Account of Dr. Adam, of the High School, Edinburgh, 
 and a Priced Catalogue of his Library. 
 
 Henry : The History of Great Britain from the Invasion of Julius Caesar, 
 on a New Plan, by Eobert Henry, D.D. 3d edition. 8vo. 12 vols. 
 London, 1800. 
 
 This is a very valuable work executed on what was then an entirely new plan. This 
 has been described by the author as follows, viz. : — " The whole work is divided 
 into books comprising certain periods. The 1st chapter of each book contains the 
 civil and military history of Great Britain, in the period which is the subject of that 
 book. The 2d chapter of the same book contains the history of religion, or the 
 ecclesiastical history of Britain, in the same period. The 3d chapter contains the 
 history of our constitution, government, laws, and courts of justice. The 4th 
 chapter comprehends the history of learning, of learned men, and of the chief 
 seminaries of learning. The 5th chapter contains the history of the arts, both useful 
 and ornamental, necessary and pleasing. The Cth chapter is employed in giving 
 the history of commerce, of shipping, of money or coin, and of the prices of com- 
 modities. The 7th and la.st chapter of the same book contains the history of the 
 manners, virtues, vices, remarkable customs, language, di-ess, diet, and divei'sions of 
 the people of Great Britain, in the same period. This plan is regularly and strictly 
 pursued from the beginning to the end of this work ; so that each of the ten books 
 of which it consists, may be considered as a complete work in itself, as far as it 
 reaches, and also as a perfect pattern and model of all the other books." 
 There can be no dovibt that by this means the sphere of history is very much enlarged. 
 But a history which is divided into seven distinct portions, each of which is separate 
 and complete by itself, is not, in fact, a single history, but a series of histories ; and 
 they really have nothing to make them be looked upon as the same work except 
 that they have been written by the same author, and are bound together in the same 
 series of volumes. 
 
 is not to be expected that a number of histories on so many different subjects should 
 be all equally well executed. But in the present instance the good faith, research, 
 and discernment of the author are equally conspicuous, while his style is concise, 
 clear and unaffected. Dr. Henry carried down the history only to the end of the 
 reio-n of Heni-y VIII. in 1547. But Mr. James Petit Andrews carried it on imder 
 the^same plan till 1603, through the reigns of Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth. 
 Henry was at one time a dissenting clergyman at Berwick-upon-Tweed, and there he 
 translated the work of Gognet, De rOriyine des Loix, des Arts, et des Sciences, 
 (which see). And it is probable that the divisions in this work may have suggested 
 to him, though the cases were veiy different, the making of similar divisions in 
 his history. 
 The earlier volumes of this history were attacked when they appeared with almost 
 fi-antic violence by the celebrated Dr. Gilbert Stuart. (See Stuart.) Hume wished 
 to contribute a review of the second volume to the Edinburgh Magazine and 
 Review, of which Stuart was editor ; and it would seem that the latter, sup- 
 posing that Hume would be jealous of Henry, and that the article would be un- 
 favourable, had agreed to accept it. But on finding that it was highly favourable, 
 Stuart refused to publish it, alleging in excuse that the " great philosopher had 
 ben-un to dote !" This review has been preserved, and Hume, besides warmly 
 commending the history, goes on to congratulate his fellow-townsmen on "the 
 guidance of their spiritual concerns, which are of such unspeakable importance," 
 being enti'usted to such able and distinguished persons ! — (Burton's Life of Hume, 
 ii. 469.) 
 
181 
 
 IIknuy : Continuation of the above, by J. P. Aiulrows, F.S.A. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 180G. 
 
 IIexsox : History of tlio Framework Knitters in Europe and Aineriea, by 
 Gravenor Ilenson. 8vo. Xottinj^liani, 1831. 
 
 IIkxtzxer : a Journey into England by Paul Ilentziier, An. M.D.XCVIII. 
 Translated by Horace Walpole, Witli the Latin Text. Post 8vo. 
 StraAvberry Hill, 17o7. 
 This is thiit portion of the itinerary of the author (a travelling tutor to a young 
 Gennan nobleman) that refers to England. It is interesting for the intbrniation 
 which it supplies in regard to the state of the country at the time, and especially 
 for its very striking account of the greatest of our sovereigns, Queen Eliza- 
 beth :— 
 " AYe arrived next at the royal palace of Greenwich, reported to have been originally 
 built by Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, and to have received very magnificent 
 additions from Henry "VII. It was here Elizabeth, the present queen, was born, 
 and here she generally resides, particularly in summer, for the delightfulness of its 
 situation. We were admitted by an order I\Ir. Uogcrs had jjrocurod fiom the Lord 
 Chamberlain, into the Presence Chamber, hung witii rich tapestry, and the floor, 
 after the English fashion, strewed with hay, through which the queen commonly 
 passes in her way to chapel. At the door stood a gentleman dressed in velvet, with 
 a gold chain, whose office was to introduce to the ([ueea any person of distinction 
 that came to wait on her. It was Sunday, when there is usually the greatest 
 attendance of nobility. In the same hall were the Archbishop or Canterbury, the 
 Bishop of London, a great number of counsellers of state, ofhcers of the Crown, 
 and gentlemen who waited the queen's coming out, which she did from her own 
 apartment, when it was time to go to prayers, attended in the following manner : — 
 " First went gentlemen, barons, earls, knights of the garter, all richly dressed, and 
 bare-headed; next came the chancellor, bearing the seals in a red silk purse, between 
 two, one of which carried the royal scepter, the other the sword of state, in a red 
 scabbard, studded with golden fieijrs-de-lis, the point upwards ; next came the 
 queen, in the sixty-fifth year of her age, as we were told, very majestic; her face 
 oblong, fair, but wrinkled; her eyes small, yet black and pleasant; her nose a little 
 hooked; her lips narrow, and her teeth black (a defect the English seem subject to, 
 from their too great use of sugar) ; she had in her ears two pearls, with vciy rich 
 drops ; she wore falsa hair, and that red ; upon her head she had a small crown, 
 reported to be made of some of the gold of the celebrated Lunebourg table ; her 
 bosom was uncovered, as all the English ladies have it, till they marry ; and she 
 had on a necklace of exceeding fine jewels; her hands were small, her fingers long, 
 and her stature neither tall nor low; her air v/as stately, her manner of speaking 
 mild and obliging. That day she was dressed in white silk, bordered with pearls 
 of the size of beans, and over it a mantle of black silk, shot with silver threads; 
 her train was very long, the end of it born by a marchioness ; instead of a chain, 
 she had an oblong collar of gold and jewels. As she went along in all this state 
 . and magnificence, she spoke very graciously, first to one, then to another, whe- 
 ther foreign ministers, or those who attended for different reasons, in English, 
 French, and Italian ; for besides being well skilled in Greek, Latin, and the lan- 
 guages I have mentioned, .she is mistress of Spanish, Scotch, and Dutch. M hoever 
 speaks to her, it is kneeling ; now and then she raises some with her hand. 
 While we were there, M. Slawata, a Bohemian baron, had letters to present to her ; 
 and she, after pulling off her glove, gave him her right hand to kiss, sparkling with 
 rings and jewels, a mark of particular favour. Wherever she turned her face, as 
 she was going along, everybody fell down on their knees. The ladies of the court 
 Ibllowed next to her, very handsome and well-shaped, and for the most part 
 dressed in white. She was guarded on each side by the gentlemen pensioners, 
 fifty in number, with gilt battle-axes. In the anti-chapel next the hall where we 
 were, petitions were presented to her, and she received them most graciously, which 
 occasioned the acclamation of. Long live (Jueen Elizabeth ! She answered it with, 
 I thank yon, my good people. In the chapel was excellent music. As soon as it 
 and the service was over, -which scarce exceeded half an hour, the queen returned 
 in the same state and order, and prepared to go to dinner " ([). 17). 
 
182 
 
 Heptameron (L') Frangais, ou les Nouvelles de Marguerite de Valois, 
 Reine de Navarre. 8vo. 3 vols. Berne, 1780-81, Proofs before the 
 letters of the beautiful plates of Freudenberg. Large paper, half mor., 
 uncut. 
 
 Herbelot. See D'Herbelot. 
 
 Herbert : The Life of Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury. See "Walpole. 
 
 Herculaneum : The Antiquities of ; Part containing the Pictures, from 
 the Italian, by Thomas Martyn, B.D., and John Lottice, B.D. 4to. 
 London, 1773. 
 Herodotus : Histoire d'Herodote, par Larcher, &c. See Classics and 
 
 Translations. 
 Herox : Notes by Sir Robert Heron, Bart., M.P. 8vo. 3d edition. 
 Grantham, 1852. 
 TheseXotes, or Reminiscences, extend from 1812 to 1851. Though a decided Whig, 
 the author was on very good terms with many gentlemen belonging to the oppo- 
 site party. Several mistakes in dates, some of which have been rectified in this 
 edition, were pointed out in a notice of this book in the Quarterly Keview ; and 
 the estimates given in it of measures and men, being, for the most part, built on 
 hypothetical conclusions, and part)^ preferences, have sometimes turned out to be 
 not a little wide of the mark. This, however, must necessarily always be the case 
 to a greater or less extent, with estimates or conjectures of this sort ; and, not- 
 withstanding these unavoidable drawbacks, the work is both curious and interesting. 
 
 Hersciiel : Outlines of Astronomy, by Sir John F. W. Herschel, Bart. 
 8vo. London, 1849. Calf, ex. 
 
 Essays from the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, Mith Ad- 
 
 dresses and other Pieces. 8vo. London, 1857. Calf, ex. 
 
 A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy. 
 
 12mo. London, 1830. 
 
 Heryey : Memoirs of the Reign of George II., from his Accession to the 
 Death of Queen Caroline, by John Lord Hervey. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 1848. Half bound, dark green mor., uncut. 
 
 Authentic and at the same time highly interesting. They give some striking 
 illustrations of the extraordinarj- dislike, or rather antipathy, entertained by George 
 II. and his Queen (Caroline) to their son, Frederick, Prince of Wales ; but they 
 throw no new light on its cause. That however was, no doubt, well known to 
 Lord Hervey. 
 
 These memoirs contain abundant evidence of the vigorous understanding and 
 practical good sense of Queen Caroline. Though the excise scheme, proposed by 
 Sir Eobert Walpole, was a really wise and advantageous measure, it excited 
 the most violent opposition. During the discussions in Parliament connected 
 with the measure, the Earl of Stair (who had been Ambassador in France), 
 having obtained an audience of Her ilajesty, gave her his opinion, which was 
 hostile to the project, in the plainest possible manner, inveighing, at the same 
 time, in the bitterest terms, against the minister. Sir Robert Walpole, and his 
 adherents, the Earl of Islay and the Duke of Argyle. With the exception of a 
 laugh when he talked of his conscience, the Queen listened to his Lordship with 
 exemplary patience, and when he had finished she answered, — 
 
 " Surely, my Lord, you think you are either talking to a child or to one that doats ; 
 for supposing this bill to be everything which you have described it to be, 
 do you imagine I should be weak enough to believe that you would oppose it for 
 the reasons you have given ? Or that it would be natural for you to think that 
 these arguments you have mentioned would weigh with anybody ? Do you, my 
 Lord, pretend to talk of the opinion of electors leaving any influence on the 
 fleeted ? You have made so very free with me in this conference, my Lord, that 
 
183 
 
 IIet^yey — cant. 
 
 I hope you will think I nm entitled to speak my mind with very little reserve to 
 you ; and believe nie, my Lord, I niu no more to be imposed ujion by your pro- 
 fessions than I am to be terrified by your threats. 1 must, therelore, once more 
 ask you, my Lord, how you can have the assurance to talk to me of your thinking 
 the sense of constituents, their interest, or their instructions any measure or rule 
 for the conduct of their representatives in I'arliament ; or if you believe I am so 
 ignorant or so forgetful of all past proceedings in Parliament, as not to know that 
 on the only occasion where these considerations should have biassed you, you set 
 them all at nought ? IJemember the Teerage Bill, my Lord. Who then betrayed 
 the interest of their constituents ? Who gave up the birthright of their consti- 
 tuents? Who deprived their constituents of all chance of ever taking their turn 
 with those whom they then sent to I'arliament? The English Lords in passing 
 that bill were only guilty of tyranny, but every Scotch liord was guilty of the 
 last treachery ; and whether you were one of the 16 traitors, your own memory, I 
 believe, will "serve to tell you" without the assistance of mine. To talk, therefore, 
 in the patriot strain you have done to me on this occasion can move me, my Lord, 
 to nothing but laughter. AVhere you get your lesson 1 do not want to know : 
 your system of politics you collect from the ' Craftsman ;' your sentiments, or 
 rather yoiu- professions, from my Lord Bolingbroke and my Lord Carteret, whom 
 you may tell, if you think tit, that I have long known to be two as 
 worthless men of "parts as any in this country, and whom I have not only- 
 been of^en told are two of the greatest liars and knaves in any country, but 
 vhom my own obsert-ation and experience have found so. If you think fit you 
 may also," by way of supplement, let Lord Carteret know that I am not yet reduced 
 to wanting "his protection, though I hear he bragged of having the generosity to 
 bestow it upon me when the affair of the Charitable Corporation Avas under 
 prosecution in the House of Lords, and that he saved me from being exposed 
 there. For the rest, my good Lord, as an old acquaintance, the best advice I can 
 give you, if you are a f\-iend to the King, is to detach yourself from his enemies ; 
 if you are afriend to ti-uth, to take your intelligence for the future from those 
 who deal in it ; if you are a fritnd to honesty, not to herd with those who 
 disclaim it ; and if you are a friend to our family, never to cabal with those who 
 look on ours and the Jacobites' cause as things indifferent in themselves, and to 
 be espoused or combated in no other view, and on no other motive, than as this 
 or that may least or most conduce to thwarting or gratifying their own private 
 avarice and ambition." — (Memoirs, i. 170.) 
 
 Lord Hervey says that the foregoing report of Her Majesty's effective speech " is 
 strictly and literally true." 
 
 Lord He'i-vey was unwise enough to provoke the hostility of Pope, who lashed him 
 in verses of unparalleled severity and vigom-. 
 
 Hervey : Meditations and Contemplations, by James Ilcrvey, A.M. 12mo. 
 2 vols. London, 1767. Old calf. 
 
 Letters of Mary Lepel, Lady Hervey. 8vo. London, 1821. 
 
 Hettner : Atliens and the Peloponncsc, with Sketches of N. Greece, from 
 
 the German of H, Hcttner. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1854. 
 Heuschlixg : Essai sur la Statistique Generale de la Belgique, i)ar 
 Xavier Ileuschling. 12mo. Bruxellc!-', 1838. 
 
 L'Empire de Turquie : Territoire, Population, Gouvernenient, &c. 
 
 par Xavier Ileu.schliiig. 8vo. Bruxelles et Paris, 18G0. 
 These are valuable statistical works. 
 
 HEr\voOD : Gunaikeion, or Nine Books of Various History conceriiing 
 Women, by Thomas Hey wood. Folio, London, 1624. 
 
 A Dissertation upon the Distinctions in Society and Kanks of the 
 
 People under the Anglo-Saxon Government, I)y Samuel Hey- 
 wood, Sergeant-at-Law. 8vo. Loudon, 1818. 
 
 HiEKOCLES. See Classics and Translations, Pythagoreans. 
 
Hill : Theological Institutes, by George Hill, D.D., F.R.S.E., Principal 
 St. Mary's College, St. Andrew's, &c. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1803. Calf, 
 ex., H. ^ B. 
 Hind : The Comets ; a Descriptive Treatise upon those Bodies, with a 
 condensed account of the numerous Discoveries respecting them, &c., 
 by J. R. Hind, &c. 8vo. London, 1852. 
 This is a comprehensive and excellent little work. Though belonging to the solar 
 system, and observed in all ages, the nature, number, and revolutions of comets* 
 are still very imperfectly known. From the remotest antiquity down to a com- 
 paratively recent period they were generally regarded with mingled feelings of 
 awe and terror, as messengers of the divine wrath, or as announcing impending 
 revolutions, famine, and war. Homer describes the flight of jMinei-v-a : — 
 " As the red comet, from Saturnius sent. 
 To fi-ight the nations with a dire portent, 
 (A fatal sign to anuies on the plain. 
 Or trembling sailors on the wintry main,) 
 With sweeping glories glides along in air, 
 And shakes the sparkles from its blazing hair." 
 
 Pope's Iliad, iv. line 101. 
 Comets, indeed, are said to have preceded, or shadowed forth, most of the great 
 catastrophes of antiquity and of the middle ages. One appeared a little before 
 the assassination of Julius Caesar. In 837 Louis I. of France was so much alanued 
 by the appearance of a brilliant comet, that he endeavoiu-ed to appease the wrath 
 of Heaven by building additional churches and monasteries. At a later period, 
 viz., in 1456, a magnificent comet having become visible, was supposed to foretell 
 the immediate invasion of Christendom by the Turks, who had recently (14.53) 
 taken Constantinople ; and the terror caused by it was such that the Pope directed 
 prayers to be offered up in the churches, and the bells to be rung to warn the 
 faithful of their danger, and of the necessity of their soliciting divine protection. 
 It was in allusion to these circimistances that Milton nobly compares Satan to 
 a comet : — 
 
 " That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge 
 In th' arctic sky, and from his horrid hair 
 Shakes pestilence and war." 
 These imaginary terrors have now subsided, but comets still powerfully attract the 
 public attention. Their numbers, their occasional splendour, — 
 
 " Longos a tergo Jlammarum albescere iractus," 
 the extremes of temperature to which they are subjected in approaching to and 
 receding from the sun, and the prodigious extent and eccentricity of their orbits, 
 overwhelm the mind with the grandest conceptions of the system of which they 
 form only a small portion. 
 All that is really known of comets is shortly and clearly stated in this little work. 
 It is one of the best abridgments with which we are acquainted.f 
 Hindoos : Library of Entertaining Knowledge. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1834. 
 HiSTOiRE AxciENNE : Precis de I'Histoire Ancienne, par MM. Poirson 
 
 et Cayx. 2de edition. 8vo. Paris, 1828. Calf, ex. 
 HoARE : A Classical Tour through Italy and Sicily, by Sir R. C. Hoare, 
 
 Bart. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1819. 
 HoBBES : The Moral and Political Works of Thomas Hobbes, of Malmes- 
 bury, Avith the Author's Life, by Dr. Blackburne. Folio. London, 
 1750. Calf, gilt. 
 The philosophical and political works of Hobbes are much less noticed now than for- 
 merly, though they are still a good deal referred to. They are wi-itten in a concise, 
 
 * From i"^A<-^, the hair, or tail, liy which they are iienerally accompanied. 
 
 t III his Natural Questions (lib. vii.i, Seneca has some striking observations on comets. He 
 disisents from the opinion of those who consider them as formed of collected vapours suddenly 
 ignited ; and contends that they are to be classed among the aterna opera natures ; and that their 
 iiatuve and laws will be discovered longioris tevi diligentia! 
 
185 
 
 IIour.ES — coiit. 
 
 luminous, and forcible stjle, and offer a curious medley of true and false, liberal 
 and slavish doctrines. Admitting:, witli Ilobbcs, that in a state of nature every man 
 wishes to seize upon, or appropriate everything, the question is, where is tliis state to 
 be found? and the answer is, nowhere. jNIen are born in societies great or small, and 
 in these they remain. These societies may occasionally be at war with each other ; 
 but experience, or a sense of the disadvantages of which war is productive, will occa- 
 sionally make tlieni be at peace. The same experience may suggest the advantage, 
 or suppased advantage, of men submitting themselves to one of those ab.soiute chiefs 
 whom Hobbes is ready to worship : but it may, also, and with still better rea.son, 
 depose such absolute chief, and establish, in his stead, or assist him with, a council 
 or parliament. These are questions to be determined by public opinion acting 
 according to the best estimate it can form of what is expedient and proper. That 
 opinion may, no doubt, be overpowered by force in the hands of a despot or a faction. 
 lUit in political altairs it is notM-ithstanding the only standard of right and wrong. 
 That absolute power on the part of one, and of submission on the part of the many, 
 which is the beau ideal of Hobbes, is a mere combination of despotism and .'^lavery. 
 Kiunerous examples of it have unluckily been fouud in various countries and at 
 various periods. And in every instance it eitlier has been from its institution, or 
 has speedily degenerated into an engine of misgovernment and abuse. And the 
 true conclusion is, that absolute power being in all cases liable, and sure in the end, 
 to be turned to the worst purposes, should neither be established nor, if established, 
 suffered to exist. 
 The late Sir Vv'illiam Mole.sworth published, in 16 vols. 8vo., a complete edition of all 
 the works of Hobbes in Latin as Avell as Engli.sh. But he did little to make it of 
 any peculiar value; for he neither prefixed to it an original Life of the Author, 
 nor a criticism or estimate of his metaphysical or political philosophy ; he, how- 
 ever, added to it two good indexes, one to the English, and one to the Latin works. 
 
 IIOBUOUSE (J. C), now Lord Broughton : Subptancc of some Lctiers 
 wi-itteu from Paris during the Last Reign (100 days) of the 
 Emperor Napoleon. 8vo. , 2 vols. London, 181 G. 
 
 ■ Ilistoi-ieal Illu.strations of the Fourth Canto of Chiide Harold, &c. 
 
 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1818. 
 
 Journey through Albania and other Provinces of Turkey in 
 
 Europe and Asia. A new edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 1856. 
 
 Italy ; Remarks made in several Visits from 1814 to 1854, by the 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Broughton, G.C.B. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1861. 
 Lord Broughton's acquaintance with the history of Italy, its arts, language, and 
 literature is most extensive and intimate. This was first shown in the illustrations 
 to the Fourth Canto of Chiide Harold, and in the notes appended thereto. The two 
 volumes now refeiTcd to are partly made up from these .sources, but with much addi- 
 tional matter derived from subsequent researches and visits to Italy. They em- 
 brace a great variety of interesting topics, and there are none in which his Lordship's 
 learning, sound sense, and judicious criticism are not apparent. The history of 
 the Colosseum is particularly valuable. 6'ee Byron. 
 
 flODGSKiN : Travels in the North of Germany, by Thomas Hodgskin, Esq. 
 
 Svo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1820. 
 HoFFMAX : Hoffmanni (Jo. Jac.) Lexicon Universale Historicum. Editio 
 
 opt. Folio. 4 vols. Ludg. Bat., 1698. 
 Hogg : The Jacol)ite Relics of Scotland, by James Hogg. Svo. 2 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1819 and 1821. Calf, ex. 
 
 The Editor's portion of this work is executed with little taste or judgment. But it is 
 interesting trom its containing most part of the Jacobite songs and ballads that grew 
 out of the revolution, the accession of the Hanoverian family, and the rebellions 
 of 1715 and 1745. Poetry was all on the side of the exikd family; happily, 
 
186 
 
 Hogg — cont. 
 
 however, it was no match for common sense, and an overwhelming superiority of 
 physical force. Antipathy to the Ifnion, and the state of nothingness to which it 
 had reduced the larger portion of the Scottish aristocracy, had a great deal to do 
 ■with the disatfection in Scotland in the reigns of George I. and George II. Had 
 the Pretenders heen men of ability, and properly supported by France, the struggle 
 might have been prolonged, though the result would have been the same. As soon 
 as the regular troops were trained to meet the fierce onset of the Highlanders, 
 kneeling with fixed bayonets, there was an end to all the successes and hopes of 
 the latter. Despite the halo of false glory which the muse has attempted to shed 
 over the efforts of the defeated party, it may be safely affirmed that blood and 
 bravery were never expended in a more utterly worthless cause than in the 
 Quixotic attempts to restore the Stuarts to the tlu-one of these realms. 
 
 HoLLAXD : Travels in tlie Ionian Isles, Albania, Tliessaly, Macedonia, &c., 
 during the Years 1812 and 1813, by (Sir) Henry Holland 
 (Bart.), M.D., F.R.S. 4to. London, 1815. 
 ■ Essays on Scientific and other Subjects, from the Edinburgh and 
 
 Quarterly Reviews, by, &c. 8vo. London, 1862. 
 HoLLANDE : Lettres sur la Hollande. 12mo. 2 vols. La Haye, 1780. 
 
 La Richesse de la. See Political Economy. 
 
 Holt : A System of the Navigation Laws of Great Britain, and of the 
 Laws relative to Merchant Ships, &c., by Francis Ludlow Holt. 2d 
 edition. 8vo. London, 1824. 
 Home : The Works of John Home, Esq., with a Life of the Author, 
 by Henry Mackenzie. 8vo. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1822. 
 The Life is interesting. With the exception of " Douglas," which excited great 
 interest iu Scotland when it appeared, and was much oveiTated, the other works of 
 the Author are of little value. The History of the liebellion of 1745 entirely 
 disappointed the public expectation. From an unworthy fear of giving offence in 
 high quarters, Home is believed to have suppressed and modified facts as well as 
 his genuine opinions. Hence the work is of no authority, while as a narrative it 
 does not even attain to a respectable mediocrity. 
 
 Hone, &c. : Queen's Trial Illustrated ; a Series of Tracts. 8vo. 1820. 
 
 The Houses that Jack Built, and other Tracts. 8vo. 1819. 
 
 Curious, scarce, and interesting, from their showing the extreme unpopularity 
 of George IV. ; and yet, extreme as it was, it does not seem to have been dispro- 
 portioned to his demerits. 
 
 Hood, Robin. See Gutch. 
 
 HooKE : The Roman History, from the Building of Rome to the Ruin 
 of the Commonwealth, by N. Hooke, Esq. 3d edition. 4to. 
 4 vols. London, 1757-71. Calf, gilt. 
 
 . The same Work in 8vo. 4th ed. 11 vols. London, 1766-71. 
 
 This history has a strong bias in favour of the popular party. It is dedicated to 
 Mr. Pope. 
 
 Observations on the Statements of Vertot, Middleton, Chapman, 
 
 &c. on the Constitution of the Roman Senate. 4to. London, 
 1758. Calf, gilt. Rare. 
 
 Hooker : The Works of the Learned and Judicious Divine, Mr. Richard 
 Hooker, containing his Ecclesiastical Policy, and other Trea- 
 tises, with his Life, by Isaac Walton. Folio. London, 1723. 
 Russia, ex., an extremely fine copy. 
 
 The same Work. 8vo. 3 vols. Oxford, 1793. 
 
187 
 
 Horne's Introduction to Bibliography, See that lunul. 
 
 HoRNKR : ^lemoirs and CorrospondcMice of Francis Horner, M.P., by his 
 Brother, Leonard Horner, Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1843. 
 
 HoRSLKY : Britannia Koniana, or the Roman Antiipiities of Britain, by 
 John Ilorsley, ^I.A. and F.R.S. Folio. London, 1732. Russia, 
 ex., gilt leaves, Clark. Very searce. 
 This great work illustrates the entire suhject of the Roman antiquities of Great 
 Britain. It is the result of immense lahour and research, under the guidance of 
 sound judgment ; and considering the circumstances under which it was produced, 
 its publication may be reckoned an extraordinary event. Its author, a native of 
 Nortluunb(;rland, received his early education in Newcastle. After taking a 
 degree at one of the Scotch universities, he became pastor of a dissenting con- 
 gregation at Morpeth, and there he produced this elaborate work. We borrow 
 from the late excellent treatise on the " Roman Wall " of the Rev. Mr. Colling- 
 ■wood Bruce, the following painfully interesting notice of Ilorsley : — 
 "Is it too much to say that John Ilorsley was the father of the science of archaj- 
 ology ? His tastes and great familiarity with the classics induced him to devote 
 his leisure hours to the study of the antiquities of Northumberland. Had he 
 conceived that the Britanitin Komamt would have cost him one-third of the time 
 which its execution required, the world would never have se;.'n it. Having em- 
 barked in the undertaking, he felt it his duty to make it as good as he could. 
 How severe his toils, how great his pecuniary sacrifices, how ardent his aspira- 
 tions after emancipation from his self-imposed task, in order that he might entirely 
 devote himself to his sacred calling, who shall tell ? The thought that his flock 
 might eventually be no losers, that his family and his own fair fame might gain 
 by the enterprise, buoyed him up in his course. On 2d January 1731-2, he put 
 the finishing stroke to his labours, the dedication of his work bearing that date. 
 Now he might hope to reap the fruits of his toils, the enjoyment of rest, such as 
 the wearied only know, the congratulations of friends, the approbation of the 
 learned, the replenishment of his exhausted means. None of these fruits he 
 enjoyed. He can scarcely have had the satisfaction of casting his eyes upon a 
 completed copy of his work. The ink of his dedication was hardly dry when he 
 was summoned to the unseen world. Respecting him who recorded the mighty 
 doings of the Romans in Britain, the parish clerk of Morpeth made the following 
 entry in the churchyard calendar : — 
 
 ' Buried, 
 ' 1731-2, Jan. l.-J, Mr. John Plorsley.'* 
 "' Vanity of vanities ; all is vanity !' As regards the honours or enjoyments of 
 this world, he died an utterly unrequited man. Even of that bubble, posthumous 
 fame, an attempt was made to rob him. [John] Warburton, in his Vallum Ro- 
 vianum (4to, 1753), transfers, without acknowledgment, whole chapters of Ilorsley 
 to his pages. He copies, without alteration, and puts forward as his own, the 
 opinions which Horsley expresses in the first person. The honest Ilutton often 
 quotes the "judicious AVarburton," little knowing whose the feathers are which 
 he so justly admires. The precise spot where the remains of Ilorsley rest is 
 unknown. He whose lot it was to interpret, after the lapse of many centuries, 
 the throbbings of natural affection over departed relatives in the heathen breast, 
 had no one to erect over him, though a Christian minister, a memorial that should 
 outlive a single century. Even the parish clerk, in his attachment to the altar 
 and the throne, denies him, in the sepulchral register, the title which courtesy at 
 least would have accorded him." — (Bruce's Roman Wall, 2d edition, p. 82.) 
 There is a wretched notice of Ilorsley in Chalmers' Biographical Dictionary, but 
 his name is not to be found in the Biographia Britanuica, in the Encyclopedia 
 Britannica, nor in Knight's Cyclopaedia of Biography. 
 
 The Universal Merchant, containing the Rationale of Commerce 
 
 in Theory and Pructice, &c., by William Horsley. 4to. Lon- 
 don, 1T53. 
 
 Whfin only 40 yoars of a^e!— (Sav.ijco's Lilirarian. i. 2.) 
 
188 
 
 HosKiNS : Visit to the Great Oasis of the Libyan Desert, with an Account 
 of the Oasis of Amim, &c., by G, A. Hoskins, Esq. 8vo. London, 1837. 
 
 HosPiTALii (M.), Franciie Cancelhirius, Caraiina. Svo. Amst. 1732, 
 Russia, gilt. 
 
 " Editio splendidissima." — (Bib. Euddimanni.) 
 
 We may observe that L'Hupital, though highly distinguished as a Latin poet, 
 ■was far more distinguished as an incoiTuptible, liberal, and intelligent magis- 
 trate. He occupied the high situation of Chancellor ; and in that conspicuous 
 but dangerous elevation he adhered to his principles, and endeavoured to carry 
 them into practice under circumstances of no ordinary difficulty and hazard. A 
 very interesting Sketch of his Life has been given by Mr. Butler (Works, vol. ii.). 
 
 Henault has referred as follows, in his Abrege Chro/iolvgifjiie (Anno 1567), to the 
 Chancellor l)e I'Hopital : — " Mais ce grand homnie, an milieu des troubles civils, 
 faisoit parler les loix, que se taisent d'ordinaire dans ces tems d'orage et de tem- 
 pete ; il ne lui vint jamais dans I'esprit de douter de leur pouvoir ; il faisoit 
 I'honneur a la raison et a la justice de penser qu'elles ctoient plus fortes que les 
 armes memes, et que leur sainte majeste avoit des droits imprescriptibles sur le 
 cceur des hommes, quand on savoit les faire valoir. De la ces loix, dont la simpli- 
 cite noble pent marcher a cote des loix Romaines ; ces edits, qui, par lem- sage prc- 
 voyance, erabrassent I'avenir comme le present, et sont devenus depuis une source 
 feconde, ou Ton a puise la decision des cas memes qu'ils n'ont pas prevus ; ces 
 ordonnances, ou la force et la sagesse reunies font oublier la foiblesse du regne 
 sous lequel elles ont ete rendues ; ouvrages immortels d"'un magistrat au-dessus de 
 tout eloge, qui sentoit I'etendue des devoirs et la force de la supreme dignite qu'il 
 occupoit ; qui sut en faire le sacrifice des qu'il s'aper^ut que Ton vouloit en gcner 
 les fonctions, et d'apres lequel on a juge tous ceux qui ont ose s'asseoir sur ce 
 meme tribunal, sans avoir son courage ni ses lumieres." 
 
 HoTTEN : A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words, by 
 J. C. Hotten. 2d edition. 12mo. London, 1860. 
 
 Houghton : Husbandry and Trade improved ; being a Collection of many 
 valuable Materials relating to Corn, Cattle, Coals, Hops, Wool, &c., by 
 John Houghton, F.R.S. The 2d edition, revised and corrected by 
 Richard Bradley, F.R.S. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1728. 
 
 Howard : Wolsey, the Cardinal, and his Times, by George Howard, Esq. 
 8vo. London, 1824. Calf, ex. 
 
 Howell : An Institution of General History, or the History of the World, 
 from the Beginning thereof till the Monarchy of Constantine the 
 Great, by William'Howell, LL.D. Folio. 3 vols. London, 1680. 
 
 Epistolai Ho-Eliana3 : Familiar Letters, Domestic and Foreign, 
 
 Historical, Political, &c., by James Howell, Esq. 1 1th edition. 
 Svo. London, 1754. Old calf. 
 
 This is both an amusing and an instructive Avork. The author (bom 1596, died 
 1666) was engaged in a variety of pursuits, political and otherwise, at home. 
 Being also an extensive traveller in foreign countries, sometimes in one capacity 
 and sometimes in another, he became extremely well versed in modern languages. 
 He was frequently involved in difficulties with the parties of his day, with both 
 of whom he had been connected, and was imprisoned for a lengthened period. His 
 letters comprise an account of the principal occurrences in his life, with many 
 interesting details in regard to the countries he visited, the distinguished persons 
 he met with, and the more important events of his time. Besides the Letters, he 
 was the author of a variety of works on very different subjects, which are now 
 mostly forgotten. It may be worth mentioning that a curious article on the manu- 
 factin-e of glass, in which Howell was at one time engaged, is subjoined as a note 
 to the account of him in the Biographia Britannica. 
 
189 
 
 Iln'.XKU : Essai sur I'llistoire dn Droit Naluivl, i):ii- M. Iluluicr. 8vo. 
 2 vols. Loiulres, 1757. Calf, ex. 
 
 Dl' la Saisie tlt-s Batiiuents Neutrcs. See ]\Iaritiino Law. 
 
 IIuET : A Pliiloso]>hical Treatise on tlie Weakness of the Ilinnan Undcr- 
 
 stanilintr, from the Freiieh ofP. Iluet, Bishop of Avnuiches. 
 8vo. London, 1728. Old ealf. 
 
 De Imbecillitate ^Mentis llnmana\ 12mo. Amst., 1738. 
 
 It was translated from French into Latin by the author. 
 
 Hughes : Travels in Greece and Albania, by the Rev. T. S. Hughes, B.D. 
 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1830. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Hugo : Histoire dn Droit Komain par Gustavo Hugo, traduite de I'Alle- 
 mand par M. Jourdan. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1825. Calf, ex. 
 
 • De Prima Oriijine Scril)endi, notis Trotz et aliurum. 8vo. Traj. 
 
 ad Ivhenum, 1738. 
 
 Hull : The History of the Glove Trade, by William Hull, jun. 12mo. 
 London, 1834. 
 
 Humboldt, M. Alexandre de : The following Works of, viz. : — 
 
 Essai Politique sur la Nouvclle Espague. 2de edition. 8vo. 
 
 4 vols. Paris, 1825. Calf, ex. 
 
 Essai Politique sur File de Cuba, avec uu Supplement. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. Paris, 1826. 
 
 Examen Critique de I'Histoire de la Geographie du Nouveau 
 
 Continent, et des Progres de I'Astronomie Nautique aux 15me 
 et IGme siecles. 8vo. 5 vols. Paris, 1836-1839. 
 
 Personal Narrative of Travels in the E(|uinoctial Regions of the 
 
 NeAV Continent, translated by IL M. Williams. 8vo. 7 vols, 
 in 6. London, 1818, &c. 
 
 Views of Nature, translated by Otte and Bohu. 12mo. London, 
 
 1850. 
 
 Hume (David, Esq.), Works of, viz. : — 
 
 A Treatise of Human Nature. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1739. Russia. 
 
 Essavs and Treatises on Several Subjects. 12mo. 4 vols. London, 
 
 1760. Calf, ex. 
 
 Ditto, ditto. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1764. 
 
 Ditto, ditto. 2 vols. London, 1784. Russia. Proof portrait 
 
 inserted. 
 
 Dialogues concerning Natural Religion. 8vo. London, 1779. 
 
 Russia. 
 
 Philosophical Works. 8vo. 4 vols. Edinburgh, 1826. Calf, ex. 
 
 History of England. 8vo. 6 vols. London, ^830. Calf, ex. 
 
 Life of, by himself and Adam Smith. 12mo. London, 1777. 
 
 Mor., ex. Portrait inserted. 
 
 Private Correspondence of. 4to. London. 
 
 Letters of Eminent Persons to. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1849. 
 
 Life and Correspondence of, by J. H. Burton, Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1846. Calf, ex. Autograph letter inserted. 
 This is a very comprehensive Mork, and furnishes full details with respect (o the life 
 and writings of Hume. In some parts, as in the account of his rupture with 
 Kousseau, it might have been advantageously shortened. But despite its occa- 
 sional prolixity, it is very valuable. 
 
190 
 
 Hume (David, Esq.), Works of — cont. 
 
 Account of the Life and Writings of, by T. E. Ritcliie. 8to. 
 
 London, 1807. 
 
 Discours Politiques de, &c. 12mo. 3 vols. Amsterdam, 1767. 
 
 Of the many illustrious men -who shed so imperishable a glory over the literary history 
 of Scotland in the 1 8th century, Hume (born 1711, died 1 7 76) is by far the most con- 
 spicuous. As a philosopher, a historian, and a writer, his pre-eminence is unquestion- 
 able. In private life he was most amiable, having " the greatest simplicity of mind 
 and manners, with the utmost facility and benevolence of temper " (Carlyle, p. 273). 
 He was ever ready to overlook or excuse the errors, follies, or short-comings of his 
 friends ; at the same time that he never missed an opportunity of endeavouring, by 
 every means in his power, to promote their views and interests. He had a strong 
 partiality for every thing Scotch, and especially for whatever he thought would 
 increase" the literary glory of his country. Every Scotchman, whatever might be 
 his station in society, who produced a respectable work, or gave evidence of talent, 
 might safely reckon on the friendship and good offices of Hume. Without any taint 
 either of envy or jealousy he urged forward those who, like Robertson and Henr\-, 
 might be supposed to be encroaching on his peculiar domain, assisted them with 
 his advice, recommended them to all with whom he had iniiuence, and cordially 
 rejoiced in their success. In pecuniary matters his liberality was such, that when 
 his circumstances were very nan-ow, he gave everj- farthing of his salary of 40Z. 
 a year, as librarian to the Faculty of Advocates, to poor families in distress 
 (Carlyle, p. 274). And hence, notwithstanding the adverse prejudice occasioned 
 by his religious opinions, the affectionate regard with which he was looked to by 
 all his friends and acquaintances. Adam Smith said of him, immediately after 
 his death, that he considered that " his deceased friend had approached as nearly 
 to the idea of a perfectly wise and virtuous man, as, perhaps, the nature of human 
 frailty will permit." And though this eulogy, considering the quarter whence it 
 comes, be as high as can well be imagined, it does not appear to have been in 
 any degree exaggerated. 
 
 Some men have had the good fortune to pass through life under a sort of mask, 
 getting credit for virtues and good qualities which they either did not possess, or 
 only in a very inferior degree. But such has not been the case with Hume. On 
 the contrary, all the information that has come to light respecting the period in 
 which he flourished, including the letters and memoirs of his contemporaries and 
 friends, has tended to raise him still higher in the public estimation. His 
 character is seen to have been consentaneous in its parts, and thoroughly con- 
 sistent, sincere, and amiable. 
 
 The following statements by Sir William Hamilton show the powerful influence 
 which the writings of Hume had in stimulating the dormant energies of philoso- 
 phers, and in introducing a new and better philosophical system : — 
 
 " The man who gave the whole philosophy of Europe a new impulse and direction, 
 and to whom, mediately or immediately, mu.st be refeiTed eveiy subsequent advance 
 in philosophical speculation, was our countrj-man, David Hume. In speaking of 
 this illustrious thinker, I feel anxious to be distinctly understood. I would, 
 therefore, earnestly request of you to bear in mind that religious disbelief and 
 philosophical scepticism are not merely not the same, but have no natural con- 
 nexion ; and that while the one must ever be a matter of reprobation and regret, the 
 other is in itself desers'ing of applause. Both were united in Hume ; and this union 
 has unfortunately confributed to associate them together in popular opinion, and to 
 involve them equally in one vague condemnation. They must, therefore, I repeat, 
 be accurately distinguished ; and thus, though decidedly opposed to one and all of 
 Hume's theological conclusions, I have no hesitation in asserting of his philosophical 
 scepticism, that this was not only beneficial in its results, but, in the circumstances of 
 the period, even a necessarj- step in the progress of philosophy towards fruth. In the 
 first place, it was requisite in order to arouse thought from its lethargy. Men had fallen 
 asleep over their dogmatic systems. In Germany, the Kationalism of Leibnitz and 
 Wolf; in England, the sensualism of Locke, with all its melancholy resuhs, had 
 subsided almost into established faiths. The scepticism of Himie. like an electric 
 spark, sent life through the paralysed opinions ; philosophy awoke to renovated 
 vigour, and its problems were again to be considered in other aspects, and subjected 
 to a more searching analysis. 
 
191 
 
 IIusrE (David, Esq.), Works oi'—co?it. 
 
 " In the second place, it was necessary, in order to manifest the inadequacy of the 
 prevailing? system. In tliis respect, scepticism is always hij;lily advanta^jeous, for 
 scepticism is only the carrying out of erroneous philosophy to the absurdity which 
 it always virtually involved. The sceptic, (jiia sceptic, cannot himself lay down 
 his premises ; he can only accept them from the dogmatist ; if true, they can afford 
 no foundation for the sceptical inference ; if false, the sooner they are exposed in 
 their real character the better. Accepting his principles from the dominant 
 philosophies of Locke and Ix'ibnitz, and deducing with irresistible evidence these 
 principles to their legitimate results, Hume showed, by the extreme absurdity of 
 these results themselves, either that philosophy altogether Mas a delusion, or that the 
 individual systems which afforded the iiremises were erroneous or incomplete. He 
 thus constrained philosophers to the alternative, — either of surrendering philosophy 
 as null, or of ascending to higher principles, in order to re-establish it against the 
 sceptical reductions. The dilemma of Hume constitutes perhaps the nu)st memorable 
 crisis in the hi.story of philosophy, for out of it the whole subsequent metaphysics of 
 Europe has taken its rise. 
 
 " To Hume we owe the philosophy of Kant, and therefore, also, in general, the latter 
 philosophy of Genuany. Kant explicitly acknowledges that it was by Hume's 
 reductio ad absnrditm of the previous doctrine of causality, he was first roused from 
 his dogmatic slumber. He saw the necessity that had arisen of placing philo.sophy 
 on a foundation beyond the reach of scepticism, or of surrendering it altogether ; 
 and this it was that led him to those researches into the conditions of thought, 
 which considered, whether in themselves or in their consequences, whether in what 
 they established, or in what they subverted, are, perhaps, the most remarkable in 
 the annals of speculation. 
 
 " To Hume, in like manner, we owe the philosophy of Reid, and consequently what 
 is now distinctively known in Europe as the philosophy of the Scottish school. 
 
 " Unable to controvert the reasoning of Berkeley, as founded on the philosophy of 
 Descartes and Locke, Reid had quietly resigned himself to idealism, and he confesses 
 that he would never have been led to question the legitimacy of the common 
 doctrine of perception, involving though it did the negation of an external world, 
 had Hume not startled him into hesitation and inquiry, by showing that the same 
 reasoning which disproved the existence of matter disproved, when fairly carried 
 out, also the substantiality of mind. Such was the origin of the philosophy foimded 
 by Reid, illustrated and adorned by Stewart; and it is to this philosophy, and to 
 the writings of these two illustrious thinkers that Scotland is mainly indebted for 
 the distinguished reputation which she at present enjoys, in every countrj' where 
 the study of mind has not, as in England, been neglected for the study of matter." 
 ■ — (Sir William Hamilton's Metaphysics, i. 394.) 
 
 HuRD (Dr.), Bishop of Worcester, The Works of, including Cowley. 12mo. 
 
 1 1 vols. London, V. Y. Uniform, old calf, gilt. 
 8vo. 8 vols. London, 1811. Calf, ex. 
 
 HusBAJsDRY, &c. of Bengal. See Colebrook. 
 
 HussoN : Les Consommations de Paris, par M. Armand Ilusson. 8vo. 
 Paris, 1856. Half mor., uncut. 
 
 This appears to be a well- reasoned, carefully compiled, and valuable work. 
 
 IIcTcnESON : A System of ]\Ioral Philo.sophy, by Francis Ilutcheson, LL.D. 
 from the Original Mtmuscript by his Son, Francis Hutcheson, 
 M.D. ; with a Life of the Author, by William Leechman, D.D. 
 4to, 2 vols. Foulis, Glasgow, 1755. Portrait inserted. 
 
 A Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy, from the Latin. 2d 
 
 edition. 12mo. Foulis, Glasgow, 1753. 
 
 An Essay on the Nature and Conduct of the Passions and Affec- 
 
 tions, &c. 4th edition. 8vo. London, 1756. 
 
192 
 
 Hutcheson: Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Becauty and Virtue, 
 Moral Good and Evil, &c. 5tli edition. 8vo. London, 1753. 
 Dr. Hutcheson, the descendant of Scotch parents, settled in the north of Ireland, -was 
 appointed professor of moral philosophy in the University of Glasgow in 1729, 
 which may, on that account, he considered as the ajra of the introduction of specu- 
 lative philosophy into Scotland. Hutcheson adopted in general the opinions of 
 Shaftesbury ; but, unlike his master, he is a clear, chaste, and interesting writer. 
 " He had," to use the words of his biographer, " a remarkable degree of rational 
 enthusiasm for learning, liberty, religion, and human happiness." And his lec- 
 tures being at once eloquent and interesting, he became an exceedingly popular 
 teacher. Hence his extraordinary success, despite the ignorance and fanaticism 
 that were then all but universally prevalent around hira, in diffusing a taste for 
 moral and political science and the Belles Lettres. Adam Smith, who attended his 
 prelections, speaks unifonnly in the highest tenns of Hutcheson, and, with the 
 exception perhaps of Hume, there was none to whom he paid greater deference. 
 
 Hutchinson : An Excur.siou to the Lakes in Westmoreland and Cumber- 
 land in 1773 and 1774, by Wm. Hutchinson. 8vo. London, 1776. 
 HuTTON : A Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary, by Charles 
 
 Hatton,LL.D., F.R.S. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1815. Russia, ex. 
 
 Portrait inserted. 
 
 Course of Mathematics, the 8th edition, with many Corrections 
 
 and Improvements, by Olynthus Gregory, LL.D. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 Loudon, 1824. Russia. Portrait inserted. 
 
 A Treatise on Mensuration. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1788. 
 
 Dr. Hutton's works are all replete with scientific and practical knowledge. The 
 
 Dictionary is, perhaps, the most generally useful. It contains much valuable infor- 
 mation on the various subjects treated of, including an extensive range of scientific 
 biogi-aphy. 
 
 . See Theory of the Earth, Works on. 
 
 The Life of William Hutton, F.A.S.S., including a particular 
 
 Account of the Birmingham Riots in 1791, written by himself. 
 
 8vo. London, 1816. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 A very interesting account of a man, who, bj- a rare combination of extreme fiiiga- 
 lity, industrj% and perseverance, raised himself from the lowest and poorest state, 
 to a very respectable social position. 
 
 ' The History of Birmingham, by &c. 3d ed. Svo. Birmingham, 
 
 1795. Calf, ex., H."& B. 
 Htacixthe (M. Saint) : Le Chef-d'OEuvre d'un Inconnu, Poeme heu- 
 reusement decouvert et mis au jour, avec des Remarques savantes et 
 recherchees, par M. le Docteur Chrysostome Matanasius (M. Saint 
 Hyacinthe). 6me edition. 12mo. 2 vols, a La Haye, 1732. Mor., 
 gilt leaves. 
 The following extract from the life of Saint Hyacinthe in the Biographic Universelle 
 
 sufficiently explains the nature and design of this verj- clever work : — 
 " L'ouvrage qui lui Qil. Hyacinthe) fit le plus d'honneur, et auquel il doit toute sa 
 reputation, est le Chef-d' auvre d'un Incomiu, qu'il mit ou jour en 1714. On sait 
 que ce chef-d'oeuvre est une chanson populaire, qu'il orna du commentaire ironique 
 et de tons les prolegomenes dont les savants hollandais accompagnaient les 
 editions des auteurs classiques C'etait la critique la plus ingenieuse et la plus 
 piquante de Tabus de I'erudition. Elle frappa le pedanti.sme d'un coup dont il 
 ne s'est pas releve. Le succes de cet ouvrage fut extraordinaire. Trois editions, 
 imprimees presqti'en mcme temps, purent a peine suffire a I'impatience des 
 lecteurs. Saint Hyacinthe, qui n'avait pas crti devoir se nommer, gouta le 
 plaisir de voir attribuer son ouvrage a Fontenelle et a La Monnoye ; et quand il 
 fut connu pour en etre I'auteur, il ne put resister a I'invitation qu'il re^ut de se 
 rendre a Paris, ou il fiit accueilli par I'elite des Utterateurs." 
 
193 
 
 HrACiNTiiE (M. Saint) — cant. 
 
 The above, which is the best edition of the -work, contains the deification of 
 AristarvliHs Mttsf!o,viV\XWxi in ridicuk' of Masson, author of the Ilisloirc Critique de 
 la litpublique dcs Lcttrcs. This jiersonaije appears, indeed, to have been l)elow 
 criticism, and fit only to be laughed at. C'anuisat refers to his work as follows : — 
 " On le trouve partout herisse d'llebreu, de (Jrec, et de J>atin, son Fran<;ois 
 est presque toujours un jargon insupportable, et quelquefois un galimatias qu'il est 
 difficile de penetrer. L'on pent dire enfin que I'auteur deploye son erudition avec 
 une rudesse digne de Gots depuis le premier volume de son ouvrage jusqu'au 
 dernier, et que c'est egalemcnt partout un chef-d'oeuvre de mauvais goiit. — (Ilistoire 
 Criti(jue des Jouruaux, ii. 159.) 
 
 IIvDK : De Roligione Veterum Persarum et Parthorum Thomas Hyde, 
 S.T.D. Editio socunda. 4to. Oxonii, 1760. Green mor., Derome. 
 This work has long enjoyed the highest character for ingenuity, research, and 
 learning. Its author, who was a first-rate orientalist, was employed when a very 
 young man by Dr. "Walton to assist him in the preparation of the Polyglot Bible, 
 and he speaks in the highest terms of the value of his services. Besides the lieli(jio 
 Pf/-,s(//«;H, Hyde published various minor but valuable works on subjects connected 
 with the literature and customs of the East, especially one that has been much 
 referred to, De Ludis Orieiifalihns ; and he left many more, principally translations 
 from Persian and Arabic, in MS. A list of these is given, with a long analysis 
 of his great work, in the article on Ilyde in the Biographia Britannica. This 
 laborious writer died in 1702, in the 67th year of his age. 
 
 IcoxES, sive Imagines Virorum Literis illustrium, ex recensione Nicolas 
 Reusnero, I.C., curantc B. Jobino. 12mo. Argentorati, 1587. Mor., ex. 
 This volume contains about 100 spirited and admirable wood engravings by the 
 famous Tobias Stimmer. It was reprinted at Strasbourg in 1.590, and at Prank- 
 fort in 1620 ; but these reprints are very inferior, compared to the original 
 edition. 
 
 IcoxOGRAriiiE des Contemporains depuis 1789 jusqu'a 1829. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1832. 
 Ignoramus. See Ruggle. 
 Imitation of Christ. See Kempis. 
 Imprisonment for Debt, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. A Treatise on Civil Imprisonment in England, by Thomas' 
 
 -Macdonald, 1791. 
 
 2. Credit Pernicious, by Archibald Rosser. 2d edition. 1834. 
 
 An able and I think a sound pamphlet. 
 
 3. The Abolition of Arrest and Imprisonment for Debt Consi- 
 
 dered, by Benjamin Hawes, Esq., M.P. 1 836. 
 
 Inclosures, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Inquiry into the Reasons for and against Inclosing the Open" 
 
 Fields, 1767. 
 
 2. Cursorj' Kemarks on the Importance of Agriculture, by Wm. 
 
 Lamport, 1784. 
 
 3. Political Inquiry into the Consequences of Enclosing "Waste „ 
 
 Lands, 178.5. TSvo. 1 vol. 
 
 4. Influence which Enclosures have had on the Population of this 
 
 Kingdom, by the Kev. J. Ilowlett. 2d edition. 1786. 
 
 5. Inelosures a Cause of Improved Agriculture, &.C., by the same. 
 
 1787. J 
 
 N 
 
 1 vol. 
 
194 
 
 4to. 1 vol. 
 
 HalfRussia. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 India : Glossary of Judicial, Revenue, and other Terms in common use 
 in British India, hy H. H. Wilson, M.A., F.R.S. 4to. London, 1855. 
 The Gift of the E.I. Company. 
 
 India, Tracts on Trade and Revenue of, viz. : — 
 
 1. A Discourse of Trade from England into the East Indies, by 
 
 T. M. (Thomas Mun). 1621. 
 
 2. The Trades Increase, 1615. 
 
 3. The Defence of Trade, in a Letter to Sir Thomas Smith, Knight, 
 
 Governor of the East India Companie, &c., by Sir Dudley 
 Digges, 1615. 
 
 4. The Petition and Eemonstrance to Parliament of the Governor 
 
 and Company of Merchants of London trading to the East 
 Indies (by Mun), 1641. 
 
 5. The East India Trade a most profitable Trade to the King- 
 
 dom, and best secm-ed and improved in a Company and a 
 Joint Stock, 1677. 
 
 6. A Treatise on the East India Trade. Printed for the Honourable 
 
 the East India Company. 1681. 
 
 7. A Supplement to ditto, 1689. 
 
 1. Advantages of the East India Trade to England Considered, &c. "1 q -i „i 
 
 1720. (Originally published 1700.) ^ u iV ip 
 
 2. A Collection of Papers relating to the East India Trade, 1 730, J "^^^^ *^^"' 
 The first Tract in this volume is at once able and original. Two MS. Notes of 
 
 the Eight lion. Lord Macaulay are inserted, in one of which he says, " This 
 Tract " (the first) " is excellent, first-rate. I have seen nothing of that age equal to 
 it. Davenant's two treatises on the same subject are contemptible in comparison." 
 
 India, Tracts on Trade and Revenue of, viz. : — 
 
 1. Observations on the Influence of the East India Company's' 
 
 Monopoly on the Price and Supply of Tea, 1831. 
 
 2. The Present State and Euture Prospects of the Free Trade and 
 
 Colonization of India. 2d edition. 1829. 
 
 3. Inquiry into some of the Principal Monopolies of the East India 
 
 Company, 1830. i o 1 r>l 
 
 4. Chinese Monopoly Examined, 1830. ^ ^^^* -^ ^*^^' 
 
 5. Speech of W. W. Whitmore, Esq., M.P., on the Trade with the 
 
 East Indies and China, 1829. 
 
 6. EfiFects of the East India Company's Monopoly on Tea, &c., 
 
 from the Edinbm-gh Review, January, 1824. 
 
 7. Eree Trade to the East Indies, by Robert Renny, Esq., 1807. 
 
 1. Letters from British Settlers in the Interior of India, by John 
 
 Crawfurd, Esq., F.R.S. 1831. 
 
 2. Notes on the Settlement or Colonization of British Subjects in 
 
 India, by the same, 1833. 
 
 3. Sketch of the Commercial Resources, &c. of British India, by 
 
 the same, 1837. 
 
 4. An Appeal from the Inhabitants of British India to the Justice [• 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 of the People of England, &c. (by the same), 1839. 
 
 5. Reasons for the Establishment of a New Bank in India, &c. (by 
 
 J. R. M'Culloch), 1836. 
 
 6. Reasons against the proposed Indian Joint Stock Bank, &c., by 
 
 J. Horsley Palmer, Esq., 1836. 
 
 7. Free Thoughts on the Proposed Bank of India, 1837. 
 
 1. A Review of the Financial Situation of the East India Com- 
 
 pany in 1824, by H. St. George Tucker, 1825. 
 
 2. Review of the above and certain Papers on India, in an Article 
 
 from the Edinburgh Review, 1827. i r, -i i 
 
 3. Appeal to England against the New Indian Stamp Act, 1828 <" °^"- -^ ^"^* 
 
 4. Sketch of the Ryotwar System of Administration, 1831. 
 
 5. Considerations on the Policy of the Government of India, 
 
 Lt.-Col. M. Stewart, 1826. 
 
 by 
 
195 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Inglis: Switzerland, France, and the Pyrenees, l)y II. 1). Inglis. 8vo. 
 Loudon. 
 
 Innks: a Critical Essay on the Ancient Liiuil.ilants of the Northern Parts 
 of Britain or Scotland, by Thomas Innes, INI.A. 4to. 2 vols. London, 
 1729. Old calf, gilt, excessively rare in the 4to form. 
 
 Innes was one of the first and certainly the ablest of the Scottish antiquaries who 
 introduced a spirit of rational criticism into the investifjjations connected with the 
 early history of their country. He discarded the fabulous series of kings whose 
 names and exploits are chronicled by Fordun, Boyce, Buchanan, and otliers ; and 
 hiid the foundations of a more solid and better constructed fal)ric. I'inkerton says, 
 that " his industry, coolness, judgment, and general accuracy recommend him as 
 the best antiquary that Scotland has yet produced " (Enquiry into the History of 
 Scotland, i. 63, ed. 1814.) 
 
 IxsuRAXCE (Sea), Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Substance of a Speech in the House of Commons, 20th February" 
 
 1810, by Joseph Marryat, Esq., on ^larine Insurance. 
 
 2. Observations on the Keport of the Committee on Marine In- 
 
 surance, by the same. 
 
 3. Eemarks on the Averages of Hamburgh and on the Commercial 
 
 Policy of Britain towards Kussia and other Northern States, 
 1833. 
 
 4. Marine Insurances, their Importance, &c., by James BischofF, 
 
 1836. 
 
 5. The Pernicious Effects of Sea Insurance, 1834. 
 
 Insurance (Life), Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Account of the Offices in London for the Assurance of Lives," 
 
 by Francis Baily, Esq. 1811. 
 
 2. Account of the Companies in London for the Assurance of Lives, 
 
 1839. 
 
 3. Statements and Tables relative to Life Insurance, from the Trea- 
 
 tise on " Annuities and IJeversionarj' PajTuents," by David 
 Jones, Esq. 1843. 
 
 4. Rules for Insuring in the Sun Life Insurance Society, 1843. 
 
 5. Historical Essay on the Kise and Progress of Life Contingencies, 
 
 by C. J. Farren, Esq. 1844. 
 
 1. An Historical and Statistical Account of Life Assurance, by' 
 
 Alfred Burt, Esq. 1849. 
 
 2. Progress and Present State of the Science of Life Insurance, &c., 
 
 by Peter Watt, 1837. 
 
 3. A Series of Tables of Annuities and Assurances, by Jenkin 
 
 Jones, 1 843, and Legal Decisions. 
 
 4. Essay on the Means of Insurance against the Casualties of Sick- 
 
 ness, &c., 1836. 
 
 5. Defects in the Practice of Life Assurance, &c. 4th edition. 
 
 1849. 
 
 6. Instructions for the Establishment of Parochial Societies for 
 
 Granting Government Annuities, 1849. 
 
 1. Short Account of the Society for Equitable Insurances, 1782. ' 
 
 2. View of the Rise and Progress of the Equitable Society, by 
 
 William ISIorgan, F.R.S. 1829. 
 
 3. A Short Account of the Society for Equitable Insurances, 1831. 
 
 4. Examination of the Statements in a Pamphlet by Mr. Morgan, 
 
 1829. 
 
 5. Sun Life As.surance Society, 1830. 
 C. Principles of Life Annuities and Assurances, 1829. 
 
 7. Observations on the Manner of Conducting Marine Insurances 
 
 in Great Britain, 1810. 
 
 8. Mischievous Effects of Stamp Duties on Marine Insurance, by 
 
 Wilham Ellis, 1826. 
 
 ivo. 1 vol. 
 
 ■ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 ' Svo. 1 vol. 
 
196 
 
 Insurance, Works on, viz, : — 
 
 Arnould : A Treatise on the Law of Marine Insurance and 
 
 Average, by Joseph Arnonkl, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. Royal 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1848. 
 
 An able, learned, and excellent work, being the best and most complete of the 
 later publications on Marine Insurance. But considered in a philosophical and 
 general point of view, it is inferior, perhaps, to the older work of Mr. Sergeant 
 Marshall on the same subject. 
 
 ■- Benecke : A Treatise on the Principles of Indemnity in Marine 
 
 Insurance, &c., by William Benecke. 8vo. London, 1824. 
 
 This work is highly praised by Mr. Amould in the advertisement prefixed to his 
 treatise. 
 
 Marryat : Speech of Joseph Marryat, Esq., on Marine Insurances, 
 
 with two other pamphlets. 8vo. London, 1824. 
 
 Marshall : A Treatise on the Law of Insurance, by Samuel 
 
 Marshall, Esq., Sergeant-at-Law. 3rd edition with Additions. 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1823. 
 
 One of the most learned, philosophical, and best reasoned works that has appeared 
 on this interesting subject. 
 
 - — ■ Emerigon: Traite des Assurances et des Contrats a la Grosse, par 
 
 M. Emerigon. 4to. 2 vols. Marseilles, 1783. Calf, ex. 
 
 This is a work of the greatest authority. Amould, who, in this respect is a 
 faithful exponent of the general opinion, says that, — " Of all writers on this 
 branch of the law, incomparably the first is Emerigon, whose Traite des Assurances 
 is a master- work, rich with all the learning of the 16th centurj', and arranged 
 with all the analytical precision of the 18th, exhausting eveiy source of eradition 
 with German laboriousness, and unfolding all the intricacies of detail and arrange- 
 ment with that lucid precision in which the higher order of French scientific 
 writers are so unrivalled." 
 
 The American writer, Mr. Chancellor Kent, who is one of the principal authorities 
 on such subjects, refers to Emerigon as follows, viz. : — " His treatise very far 
 surpasses all preceding works, in the extent, value, and practical application of 
 his principles. It is the most didactic, learned, and finished production extant on 
 the subject of marine insurance. He carried his researches into the antiquities of 
 the maritime law, and illustrated the ordinances by what he terms the jurispru- 
 dence of the tribunals ; and he discussed all incidental questions so as to bring 
 within the compass of his work a gi-eat portion of international and commercial 
 law, connected with the doctrines of insurance. In the language of Lord Tenter- 
 den, no subject in Emerigon is discussed without being exhausted, and the eulogy 
 is as just as it is splendid. Emerigon was a practical man, who united exact 
 knowledge of the details of business with manly sense and consvunmate erudition. 
 He was a practising lawyer at INIarseilles, for perhaps 40 years, and the purity of 
 his private life corresponded with the excellence of his public character." — 
 (Treatise on Com, and Marit. Law, p. 336.) 
 
 . Roccus. See Maritime Law. 
 
 Targa. See Maritime Law. 
 
 .. See, also, the Chapters on Insurance in the different Works on 
 
 Maritime Law, and other Publicatio 
 
 ns. 
 
 Insurance of Lives is mostly treated of in books of Annuities, Rever- 
 sionary Payments, &c. See Baily, De Moivre, Milne, Morgan, Price,' 
 Smart, &c, 
 
197 
 
 International Policy, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Historical Sketch of the lutemational Policy of Modern Europe,^ 
 
 by the Hon. Frederick Eden, 1823. 
 
 2. Loans by Trivate ludividnals to Foreign States entitled to Go- 
 
 vernment Protection. 2d edition. 1842. 
 
 3. The State of Greece, by Alexander Baillie Cochrane, Esq. 
 
 1847. 
 
 4. On the Claim to the Islands of Cervi and Sapienza, by W. M. 
 
 Leake, F.U.S. 1850. 
 
 5. Greece at the End of Twenty-three Years Protection, by Ibe >• 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 same, 18.51. 
 
 6. Hungary-, its Constitution and its Catastrophe, by Corvinus, 
 
 1850. 
 
 7. Two Letters to the Earl of Aberdeen on the State Prosecutions 
 
 of the Neapolitan Government, by the Kight Hon. W. E. 
 Gladstone, M.P. 2d edition. 1851. 
 
 8. Examination of the Official Reply of the Neapolitan Government, 
 
 by the same, 1852. 
 
 Ireland, "Works on, viz. : — 
 
 ——^ Natural History of, bciug a True and Ample Description of its 
 
 Situation, Greatness, &c., by Gerard Boate, M.D. 12mo. 
 
 London, 1652. 
 A View of the State of Ireland, by Mr. Edmund Spencer. 12mo. 
 
 London, 1715. 
 
 Jacobi Wariei, Eq. Aur., De Iliberuia et Antiquitatibus ejus 
 
 Di.-^quisitioues, ed. 2da, emendatior et auctior. 8vo. Londini, 
 1658. 
 
 The whole Works of Sir James Ware concerning Ireland, revised 
 
 and improved by Walter Harris, Esq. Folio. 3 vols, in 2. 
 Dublin, 1739-1747. Kussia. 
 
 This is a very complete copy. Besides Harris's Dedication to the Archbishop 
 of Armagh, and Parrv's Latin Epistle to Ware, it contains the Tract of Harris, 
 consisting of 150 pages, entitled " Hibernica, or some Ancient Pieces relating 
 to Ireland, not hitherto published," which is found in very few copies. 
 
 The gift of my esteemed friend ^Ir. Thom, of Dublin, the author and publisher of 
 the most valuable almanac that has ever been printed, Mr. Thom is also the 
 publisher of a valuable collection of Tracts on Ireland. 
 
 " To Sir James Ware (the Camden of Ireland) this kingdom is everla.stingly obliged 
 for the great pains he took in collecting and preserving our scattered monuments of 
 antiquities. Amongst his many good senices of this kind, his Dis(jiii.sitioncs dc 
 Jlihernia et Anttijuitatibus ejus will be a lasting proof of his indefatigable industry- 
 and consummate judgment, both in his inquiries and discoveries. The treatise 
 under our present consideration was his ma.ster-piece, and consisted of 28 chapters, 
 wherein he learnedly displajs the original of the Irish nation and people, their 
 language, ancient fonn of government, their religious worship, both before and 
 after their conversion to Christianity, their Brehon Law, and other peculiar rites, 
 their habits, military exercise, taxes, shipping, schools, houses, hospitality, music, 
 money, monasteries, &c., of the frequent incursions of the Danes, Nonnans, and 
 other Ea.sterlings, under the common name of Oostmans ; and of their exploits here 
 for almost 400 years from their first descent in 795 till the coming in of the English 
 under Ilenrj- the Second. The 28th chajjter, which treats of the lesser islands 
 dispersed in the Irish seas, concluded the book in its original state and first Latin 
 edition, but in its later dress, there are four new chajiters added. In tlu-se the 
 excellent author has well considered the cathedral clunrlies of this kingdom, in 
 their prime foundation, and other antiquities ; of the ancient tenures of lands ; of 
 judicial proofs and purgations, since the prevailing of the (iospel ; and la.stly, of the 
 funerals, sepulchres, and subteiTaneous vaults, of the native Irish and Danes in 
 Ireland." 
 
198 
 
 Ireland, Works on — cont. 
 
 Bishop Nicolson, from whose " Historical Library " (partiii. p. 8, ed. 1776), vre have 
 borrowed this statement, says that the work was at first very badly translated. 
 Such, however, is no longer the case ; Mr. Walter Han-is having done for Sir 
 James Ware what Bishop Gibson and Mr. Gough have done for Camden. He has 
 given an original and acciu-ate translati<m of the work, and has increased it by 
 many new and important additions. It is now, indeed, not only a very valuable, 
 but also a very complete publication. 
 
 The Case of Ireland being Bound by Acts of Parliament in 
 
 England Stated, by William Molyneux, Esq. 1698. With an 
 Answer, 1698. In 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 . Mr. Molyneux's Work, with a New Preface. 8vo. London, 
 
 1770. 
 
 Historical Tracts on Ireland by Sir John Davies, with his Life, 
 
 by G. Chalmers. Svo. London, 1786. Russia. 
 
 Davies' Tract, showing why Ireland was never brought under 
 
 the Obedience of the Crown of England. 12mo. London, 
 1747. 
 Bishop Xicolson and Lord Chatham have, with good reason, pronounced this to be 
 a " masterly work." It sets out with a rapid and comprehensive sketch of the 
 leading events in the history of Ireland from the invasion of Henry II., down to 
 the reign of James I.; it next describes its state at the latter period; and furnishes 
 the reader with an authentic and interesting account of the barbarous and peculiar 
 laws and customs, which had effectually obstructed its progress in civilization, 
 and of which the influence continues to be distinctly felt even at present. The 
 misconduct and misgovemment of the English are also exhibited, and judicious 
 advice given for the regulation of their future conduct. We cannot blame Davies 
 because he did not foresee the disastrous and powerful influence which the potato, 
 that was then being introduced, was destined to exercise in Ireland. 
 
 The present State of Ireland, with some Remarks upon the Ancient 
 
 State thereof. 12mo. London, 1673. 
 . Sir William Petty 's Political Survey of Ireland, with Verbum Sap. 
 
 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1719. 
 Prior's List of Absentees from Ireland. 2d edition. 1729. And 
 
 same Tract, 6th edition, with Additions, 1783. In 1 vol. 
 
 12mo. 
 There are few political subjects in regard to which so much nonsense has been talked 
 and written as that of absenteeism. It was universally believed, down to a late 
 period, that most part of the povertA", misery, and crime of Ireland was to be 
 ascribed to die fact of many of her principal proprietors being absentees. Having 
 been called before a Committee of the House of Commons, in 182.5, I endeavoured 
 to show that this notion was entirely unfounded ; and tliat the absenteeism referred 
 to had nothing, or next to nothing, to do with the unfortunate condition of Ireland. 
 This evidence produced a perfect storm of abuse, which I did not notice, otherwise 
 than by sending to the Edinburgh Review a defence of the evidence, which has yet 
 to be answered. But my opponents, if not convinced, are now, at all events, 
 silenced. Since free-trade docfrines became popular, they have had sagacity 
 sufficient to perceive that, whether a man live on foreign produce at home or abroad 
 can make no great difterence ; and as they admit that the former is either innocuous 
 or advanta"-eous, they cannot well abuse absenteeism. I have explained and vindi- 
 cated my opinions on this subject in an essay in the volume entitled " Treatises and 
 Essays," 2d ed. 1859. 
 
 An Essay on the Trade and Improvement of Ireland, in Two Parts, 
 
 by Arthur Dobbs, Esq., with MS. Notice of Author. Svo. 
 Dublin, 1729-1731. 
 
199 
 
 Ikklaxd, Works on — cont. 
 
 ■ Rcfloc'tions ami Hosolutions Proper for the Gentlemen of Ireland, 
 
 1)V Samuel Madden, D.D. (The Reprint.) 8vo. Dublin, 
 
 1816. 
 
 Tlie Aneicnt and Present State of the Counties of Waterford, 
 
 Cork, and Kerrv, the orijjinal editions ; by Charles Smith, M.D. 
 8vo. 4 vols. Dublin, V.Y. 
 Carefiilly compiled, learned, and valuable publications. 
 
 • A Tour in Ireland in 1775, (by Twiss.) Svo. London, 
 
 1776. 
 
 Letters of Iluirh Boulter. D.D., Primate of All Ireland, containing 
 
 an Account of the most Interesting Transactions therein, from 
 1724 to 1738. Svo. 2 vols in I. Oxford, 1769-70. 
 
 A Philosophical Survey of the South of Ireland. Svo. London. 
 
 1777. 
 
 Same Work in 4to. London, 1780. Calf, ex., II. & B. 
 
 Tour in Ireland in 1776, 1777, 1778, and 1779, by Arthur Young, 
 
 Esq. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1780. Calf, ex'., 
 "with Arrowsmith's Map of Ireland inserted. 
 
 Same Work. 4to. London. 
 
 This is the first -work that made the British public fully acquainted -with the real 
 state of Ireland, the fertility of its soil, and the badness of its agricultiire ; and 
 -which exhibited the degraded state of the lo-wer classes of the population, the 
 oppression of -which they -were the victims, their poverty and -wretchedness. 
 
 The Antiquities of Ireland, by Edward Ledwich, LL.D. 2d edi- 
 
 tion. 4to. Dublin, 1803., Calf, ex.. Hay day. 
 
 In this -work the antiquities of Ireland are discussed in a learned and rational manner. 
 The pretensions of the Irish to a remote antiquity are shown to be entirely destitute 
 of foundation. It is doubtful, indeed, -whether there was anything that could be 
 called domestic architecture, or even a stone house, in the island previously to the 
 loth centur}-. And if it be true that the Irish had -what -was really a literature in 
 the 7th and 8th centuries, it must have existed -without the accompaniment of the 
 most ordinarj' and indispensable branches of usefid kno-wledge, or of the arts. The 
 invasion of the English in the 12th century is the true a;ra of the introduction of 
 the latter. 
 
 - A Statistical and Historical Inquiry into the Progress and Magni- 
 
 tude of the Population of Ireland, by Thomas Newenham, Esq. 
 Svo. London. 1805. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 A View of the Natural, Political, and Commercial Circumstances 
 
 of Ii-eland, by the same. 4to. London, 1809. 
 
 An Account of Ireland, Statistical and Political, by Edward 
 
 Wakefield. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1812. 
 
 Ireland in 1834, by H. D. Inglis. Post Svo. 2 vols. London. 
 
 Ireland and its Economy, by J. E. Bicheno, Esq. Svo. London, 
 
 1830. 
 
 Ireland before and after the Union, by Montgomery IMartin. Svo. 
 
 London, 1843. 
 
 Condition and Prospects of Ireland, by Jonathan Pim. Svo. 
 
 Dublin, 1848. 
 
 The Industrial Resources of Ireland, by Sir Roljcrt Kane. 2d 
 
 edition. Svo. Dublin, 1845. 
 
 Beaufort's Memoir of a Map of Ireland. 4to. London, 1792. 
 
200 
 
 1 vol. 
 Very scarce. 
 
 Ireland, Works on — cont. 
 
 ■ The History of Ireland, from tlie Invasion of Henry II., by 
 
 Thomas Leland, D.D. 4to. 3 vols. London, 1773. Rus- 
 sia, ex. 
 
 The History of Ireland from the Earliest Account to the Union 
 
 in 1801, by the Rev. James Gordon. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 1806. Calf, ex., Clarke. 
 
 The History of Ireland from the Invasion under Henry II. to the 
 
 Union, by Francis Plowden, Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1809. 
 Calf, ex., Clarke. 
 
 Ibelaj^^d, Tracts on, in 8vo., viz. : — 
 
 1. A List of the Absentees of Ireland, with Observations on the" 
 
 Present State and Condition of that liingdom, by Thomas 
 Prior, Esq. 1729. 
 
 2. Observations on Coin in general, -with some Proposals for Regu- 
 
 lating the Value of Coin in Ireland, by Thomas Prior, Esq. 
 1729. 
 
 3. An Essay on the Gold and Silver Coin current in Ireland, by 
 
 Mr. David Bindon, 1729. 
 
 4. A Scheme of the ^loney Matters of Ireland, by John Browne, 
 
 Esq., the antagonist of Dean Swift, 1729. 
 
 5. A Vindication of the Intended Alterations of the Value of the 
 
 several Coins now current in this Kingdom, 1729. 
 
 6. A Short Review of the several Pamphlets that have appeared this 
 
 Session on the Subject of Coin, 1 730. 
 The above collection of scarce and valuable Tracts was formed by Thomas Snelling, 
 Esq., the learned author of the Treatises on the Coins and Coinage of England, 
 &c. It was No. 514 in the catalogue of his books sold in 1774. It subsequently 
 belonged to George Chalmers, Esq., author of Caledonia, who has supplied 
 some inforaiation in regard to the authors of some of the Tracts. I have also 
 added one or two obser\'ations. 
 
 1. Sir William Petty's Political Survey of Ireland. 2d edition." 
 
 1719. (Verbura Sapienti added.) 
 
 2. List of the Absentees of Ireland, and the Yearly Value of their 
 
 Estates and Incomes spent abroad, by Thomas Prior, Esq. 
 London, 1730. 
 
 3. An Essay on the Increasing Growth and Enormities of our Great 
 
 Cities. (It has especial reference to Ireland.) Dublin, 1772. 
 
 4. A Collection of Tracts concerning the Present State of Ireland, 
 
 1729. 
 
 Mr. Thom, of Dublin, has, as already noticed, printed for disti-ibution among his 
 friends, some of the best and rarest Tracts having reference to the State of Ireland. 
 They are contained in the next two vols, viz. : — 
 
 1. Ireland's Naturall History -. written by Gerard Boate, late Doctor" 
 
 of Physic to the State in Ireland, 1652. 
 
 2. Jacobi Warsei, Equitis Am-ati, de Hibernia et Antiquitatibus ejus 
 
 Disquisitiones, 1658. 
 
 3. A View of the State of Ireland, written Dialogue-wise betweene >■ i i 
 
 Eudoxus and Irenseus, by Edmund Spenser, Esq., 1633. 
 
 4. A Discoverie of the State of Ireland : with the true Causes why 
 
 that Kingdom was never entirely subdued, by Sir John Davis, 
 Atturney-Generall for Ireland, 1613. 
 
 1. The Political Anatomy of Ireland, with the Establishment of that"] 
 Kingdom when (16G6) the late Duke of Ormond was Lord Lieu- 
 tenant: to which is added Verbmn Sapienti ; or an Account of 
 the Wealth and Expenses of England, and the Method of Raising 
 Taxes, by Sir William Petty, F.R.S., 1691. 
 
 1 vol. 
 Half Russia. 
 
201 
 
 Irelaki>, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 2. The Querist, containing several Queries proposed to the Considera- 
 
 tion of the I'ublic, by Dr. IJerkeley, IMshop of Cloyne, 1752. 
 
 3. A Word to the Wise, or an Exhortation to the Honian Catholic 
 
 Clergy of Ireland, by Dr. Herkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, 17.52. 
 
 4. A List of the Absentees of Ireland, and the Yearly Value of their ( 
 
 Est;itcs and Incomes spent Abroad, with ( )b.servations on the 
 present Trade and Condition of that Kingdom, (by Thomas 
 Prior. Esq.,) 1729. 
 
 5. A List of the Absentees of Ireland, and an Estimate of the Yearly 
 
 Value of their Estates and Incomes spent Abroad, as taken in 
 January, 17(>9. 
 
 6. An Essay on tlie Trade and Improvement of Ireland, by Arthm- 
 
 Dobbs. Esq. 2 I'aits. 1729-31. 
 
 7. An Abstract of the Niunber of Protestant and Popish Eamilies in 
 
 Ireland (.1732-33), 1736. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 The Commercial Eesolutions of the Irish Parliament in their 
 
 Present Session Vindicated, to which is added an Authentic 
 
 Copy of the Eesolutions, 1785. 
 Keport of the Lords of the Committee of Council appointed for 
 
 the Consideration of all Matters relating to Trade and Eoreign 
 
 Plantations between (ireat Hritain and Ireland, 1785. 
 The Proposed System of Trade with Ireland explained, 1785. 
 A Reply to the Treasuiy Pamphlet entitled " The Proposed Sys- 
 tem of Trade with Ireland explained," 1785. 
 An Answer to the Eeply to the Supposed Treasury Pamphlet, 
 
 1785. 
 State of Ireland Considered, with a History of Tithes, 1810. 
 Sketch of the State of Ireland, Past and Present, by J. W. 
 
 Croker, Esq. 1810. 
 Observations on Tithes, Rents, &c., by John Reade, 1818. 
 Oppressions and Cruelties of Irish Revenue Officers, by the Rev. 
 
 Edward Chichester, A.M. 1818. 
 Observations on the Condition of the IMiddle and Lower Classes 
 
 in the Xorth of Ireland, by Erancis Rogan, M.D. 1819. 
 Substance of the Speech of the Right Hon. Charles Grant (now" 
 
 Lord Glenelg) on the State of Ireland, 1822. 
 The Orange System exposed, in a Letter to the Marquis of Wel- 
 
 lesley, 1823. 
 Hints to Irish Landlords on the best Means of Improving their 
 
 Estates, by Mr. John Wiggins, 1824. 
 A Sketch of Ireland in 1824, &c. 1825. 
 Speech of Sir Henry Parnell, Bart., (May 11th, 1824,) on the 
 
 State of Ireland, 1824. 
 Speech of Sir Henry Parnell, Bart., (February 10th, 1825,) on 
 
 Bill to amend Acts relating to Unlawful Societies in Ireland, 
 
 1825. 
 Observations on the Irish Butter Acts, by the same. 1825. 
 Plain Truths, &c., on the State of Ireland, 1825. 
 Letter to a British Member of Parliament on the State of Ireland, 
 
 &c., 1825. 
 Letters to a Protestant, &c., by Stephen Woulfe, Esq. 1819. 
 Thoughts and Suggestions on the Education of the Peasantry of 
 
 Ireland, by Anthony Blake, Esq. (afterwards Chief Remem- 
 brancer for Ireland), 1820. 
 Obsen-ations addressed to the ISIarquis Wellesley on the State of 
 
 Ireland, by the Earl of Blessington, 1822. 
 Letter to the Lord Lieutenant on the I'rescnt State of Ireland, 
 
 1822. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 f- 1 vol. 
 
 vol. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
202 
 
 Ireland, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 5. Letter from the Right Hon. Denis Browne to the Marquis "\YeI- I 
 
 lesley, on the State of" Ireland, 1822. 
 
 6. Reflections on the State of Ireland, in the 19th Century, &c. 
 
 1822. J 
 
 1. An Historical Apology for the Irish Catholics, by William" 
 
 Parnell, Esq. 2d edition. 1807. 
 
 2. Histoiy of the Penal Laws against the Irish Catholics, from the 
 
 Year 1689 to the Union, by Sir Henry Parnell, Bart., M.P. 
 
 4th edition. 1825. 
 Minutes of the Examination of John Leslie Poster, Esq. 1825. 
 Review of the Evidence taken before the Irish Committees of 
 
 both Houses of Parliament, by Anthony Blake, Esq. 1825. 
 The Grievances of Ireland, &c.,in a Letter to Sir Prancis Burdett, 
 
 Bart., M.P., by William Sturch, Esq. 1826. 
 Speech on the State of the Poor of Ireland, by the Earl of Dam-" 
 
 ley, 1829. 
 The Poverty of Ireland, &c., by Lord Clements, M.P., 1838. 
 The South of Ireland and her Poor, 1843. 
 Considerations on the Alaiming Increase of Forgeries on the 
 
 Bank of England, and an Account of the Measures adopted for 
 
 the Prevention of Forgery by the Bank of Ireland, by C. W. 
 
 Williams, Esq. 1818. 
 Article on Ireland, from the Edinburgh Review for January 
 
 1825, by J. R. M'Culloch. 
 Article on Absenteeism, fi-om the 85th Nxmiber of the Edinburgh 
 
 Review, by the same. 
 Article on the State of Ireland, from the Edinburgh Review for 
 
 January 1825, by J. R. M'Culloch. 
 Essay on Absenteeism, from the 85th Nmnber of the Edinburgh 
 
 Review, by the same. 
 The Querist, by Bishop Berkeley, with Notes (by the Right 
 
 Hon. Robert "V'emon Smith, M.P., now Lord Ljrveden), 1829. 
 Letter to Thomas Spring Rice, Esq., M.P., on a Legal Provision 
 
 for the Irish Poor, by the Right Rev. James Doyle, D.D. 
 
 1831. 
 Poor Laws in Ireland Considered, by Sir John Walsh, Bart. 
 
 1830. 
 State of Ireland Considered, with an Inquiry into the History 
 
 and Operation of Tithe, 1810. 
 Poor Laws in Ireland Considered, &c., by Sir John Walsh, Bart.," 
 
 M.P. 1831. 
 Evils of the State of Ireland, &c., by John Revans. 
 View of the State of Pauperism in Ireland, &c., 1836. 
 Poor Law Bill for Ireland examined, &c., by Isaac Butt, LL.B., 
 
 M.R.I.A. 1837. 
 Letters on the Actual State of Ireland, 1828. 
 Reports on Poor Laws of Ireland, by George Nicholls, Esq. 
 
 1838. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 )■ 1 vol. 
 
 1 vol 
 
 ^ 1 vol. 
 
 Ireland, as it was, is, and ought to be, by R. Montgomery Mar- ' 
 tin, 1833. 
 
 Poor Laws for Ireland, by the same, 1833. 
 
 Practical Views and Suggestions on the Present Condition, &c., 
 of Ireland, by Hibernicus, 1823. 
 
 The First Step to a Poor Law for Ireland, by II. G. Ward, Esq., 
 M.P. 1837. I. 1 vol. 
 
 An Address to the Electors of Gal way on the Poor Law Bill for 
 Ireland, by A. H. Lynch, Esq., M.P. 1838. 
 
 Lectures on the Principles of a Poor Law in Ireland, by Herman 
 Merivale, A.M. 1838. 
 
 Remarks on the Proposed Renewal of the Bank of Ireland Char- 
 ter, 1838. 
 
203 
 
 Ireland, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 1. Abstract of First Keport of Commissioners on the State of Reli- 
 
 gious and other Instruction in Ireland by William 'rifflu 
 Hamilton, Ksq. 18;?"). 
 
 2. The High Church and Ireland. IS.)"). 
 
 3. An Essav on tlie Improvement of Small Farms, by AV'illiam ^ 1 vol. 
 
 Blacker, Esq. 1834. 
 
 4. The True Political Economy of Ireland, by William Conner, 
 
 Esq. 1835. 
 
 5. The Proposed System of Trade with Ireland Explained, 1783. 
 
 1. The Present State and Future Prospects of Ireland, from the 1 
 
 French of Camille de Cavour, 184.5. 
 
 2. Observations on the Irish, by Daniel Dewar, 1812. ^1 vol. 
 
 3. Collection of Tracts concerning the Present State of Ireland, \ 
 
 1729. J 
 
 The first pamphlet in this volume, -written by the late famous Italian minister, the 
 Count Cavour, was originally published, in 1843 and 1844, in the Bihliotluqiie 
 Universelle de Geneve. It is worthy of its illustrious author; and is, among the very- 
 best of the many publications wliich owed their origin to the agitation of O'Connell, 
 for a repeal of the union. Cavour gives a rapid sketch of Irish history, in 
 which he traces and exhibits the leading circumstances which conspired to create 
 that disunion, or rather antipathy, between the governing and governed portions of 
 the population that liad been the curse of Ireland. Next he shows how indis- 
 pensable the union had become for the well-being of the latter no less than of 
 England ; and successfully vindicates Mr. Pitt from the charges brought against 
 him in regard to the means he had been obliged to make use of to carry that 
 necessary measure. He then briefly notices the principal laws and regulations that 
 had received the sanction of parliament and of government from the union down 
 to 1843 for the advantage of Ireland, and which had hardly left a single grievance 
 that admitted of legislative or ministerial remedy, unremoved or unreformed. Last 
 of all he reviews the various arguments for a repeal of the union, and shows their 
 worthlessness. Throughout he is moderate, liberal, and judicious. He is not a 
 partisan either of the English or the Irish; but an enlightened and a practical, as 
 well as a philosophical statesman, attracted by the difficulty and importance of the 
 subject; and anxious to promote, by ditfusing just views with respect to it, the real 
 interests of Ireland and of humanity. 
 
 1. Thom's Statistics of Ireland for 1847. 
 
 2. On the Territorial Divisions of Ireland, 1846. 
 
 3. How is Ireland to be Governed ? by G. Poulett Scrope, Esq., 
 
 M.P. 1846. 
 
 4. The Case of Ireland Stated, by Robert Holmes, Esq. 1847. 
 
 5. Life and Property in Ireland Assured as in England, by John 
 
 Douglas, Esq. 1846. 
 
 6. The "W'inter of 1846-47 in Antrim, by A. Shafto Adair, F.K.S. 
 
 a849. 
 
 7. JjCtters on the State of Ireland, by the Earl of Posse, 1847. 
 
 8. The Real Monsttr Evil of Ireland, by Augustus G. Stapleton, 
 
 Esq. 1847. 
 
 9. Ditto, by ditto. 1st edition. 1843. 
 
 10. Sequel to the Real Monster Evil of Ireland, by A. G. Stapleton, 
 
 Esq. 184G. 
 
 11. Lough Xeagh District, its Drainage and Navigation &c., 1846. 
 
 12. Sea Fisheries of Ireland, Piers, Harbour.s, &c. 
 
 1. Statistics of Ireland, from Thorn's Almanack, 1849. 
 
 2. Article " L-eland," from M'Culloch's Geographical Dictionary. 
 
 3. Article on the Irish Crisis of 1846, by Sir Charles E. Trevelyan, 
 
 K.C.P. From Edinburgh Review. 
 
 4. A Visit to Connaught in the Autumn of 1847 by James F. Tuke, 
 
 1848. 
 
 5. Tenant-Right, its Nature and Requirements, by James Welch, 
 
 Earristcr-at-Law, 1848. f 
 
 1- 1 vol. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
204 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 Ireland, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 6. A Plea for the Eights of Industry in Ireland, by G. Poulett 
 
 Scrope, Esq., M.P. 1848. 
 
 7. The Kights of Indvxstry, by the same. 1848. 
 
 8. Famine in Ii-eland, 1740-41. 
 
 9. The Deep Sea and Coast Fisheries of Ireland, by W. Brabazon, 
 
 Esq. 1848. 
 Thorn's Statistics of Ireland for 1853. 
 
 2. The Plantation Scheme, by James Caird, Esq. 18.50. 
 
 3. An Inquiry into the Salmon and Sea Fisheries of Ireland, by H. 
 
 F. Hore, 1850. 
 
 4. Thoughts on the Poor Belief Bill for Ireland, by the Earl of 
 
 Shrewsbury, 1847. 
 
 5. Population of Great Britain and Ireland, 1852. 
 
 6. Ulster Tenant's Claim of Kight, by James M'Knlght, Esq., LL.D. 
 
 1848. 
 
 The foregoing volumes comprise one of the best collections of Tracts on Ireland 
 that has ever been brought together. 
 
 Irving (David, LL.D.), Works of, viz. — 
 
 Lives of the Scottish Poets, with Preliminary Dissertations. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. Edinburgh. 
 . Memoirs of the Life and Writings of George Buchanan. 2d edi- 
 
 tion. Edinburgh, 1817. Calf, ex. From the Author. 
 
 Elements of English Composition. Post Svo. Edinburgh, 1852. 
 
 The Elements of English Composition is the most useful work of its kind that I 
 
 have seen. Every young man who wishes to write a correct and good English 
 style should make this book his frequent study. It is characterized throughout by 
 good sense and great clearness of expression. 
 
 The History of Scottish Poetry (a posthumous publication), with 
 
 a Memoir and Glossary. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1861. 
 Dr. Irving Avas a good classical scholar, a con-ect writer, and an excellent man. 
 His intimate acquaintance with the history and literature of the middle ages will 
 be evident to whoever reads his life of Buchanan, or his history of Scottish poetry. 
 The former, which is his best work, is very carefully composed, and evinces much 
 laborious research. It throws a great deal of light on the learning and studies of 
 the time, and on the character, attainments, and conduct of Buchanan, and of many 
 of his most distinguished contemporaries on the continent as well as in Britain. 
 Though equally elaborate, the book on the poetry of Scotland is not so inte- 
 resting as the former, a consequence probably of the difference of the subject, 
 which involves a great variety of minute and unimportant details. Dr. Irving 
 died on the 10th of May 1860, in his 82d year. 
 
 For Dr. Irving's Tracts on Civil Law, see that head. 
 
 , Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey, by the Author of the Sketch 
 
 Book (Washington Ii'ving). 8vo. London, 1835. 
 
 Jackson : Reflections on the Commerce of the Mediterranean, by Jehu 
 Jackson. 8vo. London, 1804. 
 
 An Account of the Empire of Morocco, to which is added. An 
 
 Account of Timbuctoo, the Great Emporium of Central Africa, 
 by J. G. Jackson, Esq. 4to. London, 1809. 
 
205 
 
 Jacob : An ITistorical Inquiry into the Production and Conssuniption of tho 
 Precious Metals, by William Jacob, Esq., F.K.S. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 1831. Calf, ex., II. & 15. 
 
 Jahx : The History of the Hebrew Commonwealth from tho Earliest 
 Period to the Destruction of Jerusalem, a.d. 72. From the German of 
 John Jahn, D.D. 8vo. Oxford, 1840. See Antiquities. 
 
 Jamks I. : Poetical Remains of James I., King of Scotland, with a Disser- 
 tation on his Life and Writings, Notes, &c. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1783. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 Jamiesox : Popular SoncR and Ballads, by Robert Jamieson, A.M., &c. Svo. 
 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1806. Calf, ex. 
 
 Dr. : A Dictionary of the Scottish Language, by John Jamie- 
 son, D.D., abridged by John Johnstone. 8vo. Edhiburgh, 1846. 
 
 Jefferson : Notes on the State of Virginia, written by Thomas elefferson, 
 Svo. London, 1787. 
 
 Jeffrey : Contributions to the Edinl)urgh Review, by Francis (Lord) 
 Jeffrey. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1844. 
 
 Life of. See Cockburn. 
 
 Jenkinsox : Collection of all the Treaties of Peace, Alliance, and Com- 
 merce, between Great Britain and other Powers, from 1648 to 1783, by 
 the Right Hon. Charles Jeukinson (first Earl of Liverpool). Svo. 
 3 vols. London, 1785. 
 
 Jexxixgs : Jewish Antiquities, or a Course of Lectures on GodAvin's three 
 
 first Books of Moses and Aaron, by David Jennings, D.D. Svo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1766. Old calf, gilt. 
 Jenyns : INIiscellaneous Pieces, in Verse and Prose, by Soame Jenyns. Svo. 
 
 London, 1770. 
 Jephsox : Roman Portraits : a Poem, in Heroic Verse, Avith Remarks and 
 
 Illustrations, by Robert Jephsou, Esq. 4to. London, 1794. Mor., ex. 
 
 Jesuits, Travels of the, into various Parts of the World, compiled by 
 Mr. Lockman. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1743. Half calf, uncut. 
 
 Made up from the Lettres Edifiantes and other works of the Jesuits, with valuable 
 notes. 
 
 JoHXSOX : A Dictionary of the English Language, to which is prefixed a 
 - History of the Language, and an English Grammar, by Samuel 
 Johnson, LL.D. 4th edition. Folio. 2 vols. London, 1773. 
 Old calf, gilt. Portrait inserted. 
 
 The same Work in 4to. 2 vols. London, 1806. Russia. 
 
 The Works of. Svo. 12 vols. London, 1823. " '\ 
 
 The Life of, by Boswell, edited by Malone. Svo. tt -p 
 
 4 vols. Oxford, 1826. ^ df^Tt' 
 
 • Johnsoniana — Illustrations of Johruson. Svo. ^'' ' °' ' 
 
 London, 1836. J 
 
 Letters to and from the late Dr. Johnson, with Poems, &c., by 
 
 Hester L. Piozzi. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1788. Calf, ex. 
 
 . See, also, Poets, English, and Seager. 
 
 It appears to me that Johnson has been greatly over-praised. Tt redounds mucli to 
 his credit that his integrity and independence were not affected by the severest 
 
206 
 
 Johnson — cont. 
 
 trials. But he was, at the same time, a slave to the most discreditable prejudices, 
 and illiberal and intolerant to a degree not easily to be imagined. Even in 
 literary matters his judgment was apt to be greatly biassed by personal or political 
 considerations. This is glaringly evident in his best work, the Lives of the Poets, 
 especially in the articles on Gray and Milton, and in the ready countenance which 
 he gave to the notorious forger Lauder in his attacks on the latter. His con- 
 versation was still more stilted than his writings ; and, owing to his impatience of 
 contradiction, and even of differences of opinion, it was much more dictatorial. 
 He was neither ingenious, nor generally learned, nor profound ; but he made up 
 in dogmatism for what he wanted in knowledge. He took that common-sense view of 
 most questions which is sure to be approved by the great majority of persons, put 
 his statements imo pompous yet clear and forcible language, assumed an air of 
 superiority, and hit hard. And this was commonly enough to make it be sup- 
 posed that he was victorious ! His dexterity as a conversational gladiator was, 
 however, but little known till his Life by Boswell made its appearance ; and 
 though Johnson would have scouted the possibility of such a result, it is certainly 
 true that by far the greater portion of the celebrity which his name now enjoj^s 
 is owing to the work of his satellite. With the exception, indeed, of Easselas, the 
 Lives of the Poets, and the Dictionary, nobody ever looks into any one of his 
 other works. The Eambler and the Idler are entirely forgotten. He did nothing 
 to extend the boundaries of human knowledge. The pamphlets of Burke, though 
 the circumstances in which they originated have long passed away, will always 
 be eagerly refeiTed to for the profound philosophy and just criticisms which they 
 embody. But the pamphlets of Johnson, who was the contemporary and friend 
 of Burke, are of quite a different cast. They are without bone or muscle ; and 
 have nothing, in fact, but their sonorous phraseology to distinguish them from the 
 merest trash of the times in which they appeared. 
 
 ,. Memoirs of John Selden, and Notices of the Political Contest 
 
 during his time, by G. W. Johnson. 8vo. London, 1835. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 This is a respectable, but meagre and not very interesting, account of one of the best 
 and most learned men of whom England has to boast. Selden's character has 
 been drawn by Lord Clarendon as follows : — 
 
 " He was a person whom no character can flatter, or transmit in any expressions 
 equal to his merit and virtue. He was of such stupendous learning, in all kinds 
 and in all languages, that a man would have thought he had been entirely conver- 
 sant among books, and had never spent an hour but in reading and writing ; yet 
 his humanity, courtesy, and affability were such, that he would have been thought 
 to have been bred in the best courts, but that his good nature, charity, and delight 
 in doing good, and in communicating all he knew, exceeded that breeding. His 
 style in all his writings seems harsh and sometimes obscure, which is not wholly 
 to be imputed to the abstruse subjects of which he commonly treated, but to a 
 little under^'aluing of style, and too much propensity to the language of antiquity ; 
 but in his conversation he was the most clear discourser, and had the best faculty of 
 making hard things easy, and presenting them to the understanding, of any man 
 that hath been known. Mr. Hyde was wont to say that he valued himself upon 
 nothing more than upon having had Mr. Selden's acquaintance from the time he 
 was very young. If he had some infirmities with other men, they were weighed 
 down with wonderful and prodigious excellencies in the other scale." — (Auto- 
 biography, folio, p. 16.) 
 
 See Selden, &c. 
 
 Johnston : England as it Is, Political, Social, and Industrial, by William 
 Johnston, Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1851. 
 
 ■ Dictionary of Geography, comprising a complete Gazetteer of 
 
 the World, by A. K. Johnston, F.E.S.E., &c. 8vo. London, 
 
 1855. 
 
20*7 
 
 Johnstone : Notes on North America, Agricultural, Economical, and 
 Social, by James F. W. Johnstoue, M.A., Ikv. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Eclinburj,^li, 18.-)1. 
 
 Memoirs of the Kehellion in l74o and 1746. From the French of 
 
 the Chevalier de Johnstone, by John Black. 8vo. London, 1822. 
 
 JoMiNi : Precis de I'Art de la Guerre, ou Nouveau Tableau Analytique 
 des Principales Combinaisons de la Strategic, etc., par le Baron de 
 Jomini. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1838. 
 
 The Baron Jomini is universally admitted to be one of the best and most original 
 of military writers and critics. His works are of the highest authority, and their 
 publication constitutes an sera in the history of militarj' science. The one now 
 referred to is of great interest ; and exhibits a luminous view of the principles 
 of the most important measures and combinations. 
 
 Jones : An Essay on the Law of Bailments, by Sir AVilliam Jones, Knt. 
 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1798. 
 
 The Speeches of Isasus, in Causes concerning the Law of Suc- 
 
 cession to Property at Athens, with a Prefatory Discourse, 
 Notes, and a Commentary. 4to. London, 1779. 
 
 An Essay on the Distribution of Wealth, 8fc. See Political Economy. 
 
 JoxNES : Statistique des Peuples de I'Antiquite, les Egyptiens, les 
 Hebreux, les Grecs, les Romains, et les Gaulois, par Moreau de 
 Jonnes. Svo. 2 vols. Paris, 1851. 
 
 La Prusse, son Progres Politique et Social, etc., par Dieterici et 
 
 Moreau de Jonnes. 8vo, Paris, 1848. 
 
 Statistique de I'Espagne, Tqrritoire, Population, Agriculture, 
 
 Industrie, Commerce, etc. 8vo. Paris, 1834. 
 
 Elements de Statistique, comprenant les Priucipcs Generaux de 
 
 cette Science, etc. 12mo. Paris, 1847. 
 
 JoNSTONi (Arturi), Psalmi Davidici Paraphrasis Interpretationc ct Notis. 
 4to. Londini, 1741. Calf, ex. 
 
 " Editio plane magnifica et elegantissima." — (Bib. Rud.) 
 
 Notwithstanding the excellence of Johnston's version of the Tsalms, the superiority 
 of that of Buchanan has been all but universally admitted. Ilallam is perhaps 
 the only recent critic who inclines to give the preference to Johnston (Hist. Lite- 
 rature, iii. Sas). But his authority in a question of this sort is certainly inferior 
 to many of those who have, without hesitation, awarded the palm to Buchanan. 
 (See the very learned Life of the latter by Dr. Irving, 2d ed. pp. 102-112, &c.) 
 
 JoRTiN : The Life of Erasmus, by John Jortin, D.D. 4to. 2 vols. 
 London, 1758. Old Russia, gilt. 
 
 This work is not so much a life of Erasmus as a collection of materials for a life. 
 These, however, and the criticisms upon them are valuable. 
 
 Erasmus, who flourished in the earlier part of the Ifith century, did as much for the 
 refonnation of literature a.s Luther or Calvin did for the refbnnation of religion. 
 Ko doubt, also, he approved, to a considerable extent, of the doctrines of the 
 Reformers. But he disliked their violence and bigotry ; and though he exposed 
 many of the errors and abuses by which the Church of Kome was disgraced, he 
 did not withdraw from her communion. He was, in truth, too timid and cautious 
 to identify himself with either i)arty. Gibbon, who has given a very fair character 
 of Erasmus, says • — " He had no delicacy of sentiment. A parasite of all the great 
 men of his time, he was neither ashamed to magnify their characters by the lowest 
 adulation, nor to debase his own by the most impudent solicitations to obtain 
 
208 
 
 JORTIN — conty 
 
 presents which often he did not want. The adventure of Eppendorf * is a proof 
 how much dearer his money was to him than his character. Notwithstanding 
 these faults, never man enjoyed a greater personal consideration. All the scholars 
 and all the princes of Europe looked upon him as an oracle."— CMisc. Works, 
 V. 257.) 
 This high consideration was a consequence of his great literary reputation. The 
 various sovereigns, scholars, and sects of the day were desirous to he able to boast 
 that they had patronised or flattered Erasmus, or that they enjoyed his friendship 
 and support ; and this they too often acquired in a way not very creditable to him. 
 The splendid eulogy of Pope has made the name at least of Erasmus known to 
 many by whom otherwise it would not have been heard of 
 " Thus long succeeding critics justly reign'd, 
 Licence rep.ess'd, and useftil laws ordain'd, 
 Learning and Kome alike in empire grew ; 
 And arts still followed where her eagles flew ; 
 From the same foes, at last, both felt their doom, 
 And the same age saw learning fall and Rome. 
 With tyranny then superstition join'd. 
 As that the body, this enslaved the mind ; 
 Much was believed, but little understood, 
 And to be dull was constru'd to be good ; 
 A second deluge learning thus o'er-run, 
 And the monks finished what the Goths begun. 
 " At length Erasmus, that great injur'd name, 
 (The glory of the priesthood, and the shame ! ) 
 Stem'd the wild torrent of a barb'rous age, 
 And drove those holy Vandals off the stage." 
 
 (Essay on Criticism, 1. 681, &c.) 
 
 Discourses concerning the Truth of the Cliristian Religion. 3d 
 
 edition. 8vo. London, 1752. 
 
 JosEPHUS. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 JouRDAN : Histoire de Pyrrhus, Roi d'Epire, par M. Jourdan. ] 2mo, 
 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1749. 
 
 JovELLANOS : Informe de la Sociedad Economica de Madrid, en el 
 Expediente de Ley Agraria, par El Sr. Don G. M. De Jovellanos. 4to. 
 Palma, 1814. For Translation, see Agriculture. 
 
 JuLLiEN : Topographic de Tous les Vignobles Connus, par A. Jullien. 
 2de edi.. Svo. 'Paris, 1822. 
 
 JuNii (Francisci, F. F.), De Pictura Veterum, libri IIL Folio. Ed. opt. 
 
 Rotterodami, 1694. Hogskin, gilt leaves. Choice copy. 
 Etymologicum Anglicanum ; accessionibus permultis, edidit 
 
 Edwardus Lye. Folio. Oxford, 1743. Calf, uncut, Hayday. 
 
 Portraits of Junius and Lye. 
 
 Junius : The Letters of Junius. The Collected Edition, by Woodfall. 
 Svo. 3 vols. London, 1812. Calf, gilt, ex. 
 The many elaborate inquiries that have been set on foot to ascertain who was the 
 author of these famous letters have resulted in nothing better than conjecture. 
 The more prevalent opinion appears to favour the identity of Junius and Sir Philip 
 Francis. But there are many considerable difficulties in the way of this conclusion ; 
 so that the case is still sub-judice. A Life of Francis has been long in preparation 
 
 * For an account of this affair, see Jortin's Life of Erasmus, i. 456. 
 
sou 
 
 Junius — cont. 
 
 by a friend of ours, a very competent party, ^vhich, we arc inclined to think, ■will 
 clear up the niysteiy. But as statements of this sort have been rejieatedly made 
 on previous occasions, the rcad'.T will, perhajis, deem it best not to be over- 
 sanguine. It will, however, be very singular should the real facts of the case 
 continue unknown to the public. None can any longer have any interest in 
 their concealment. 
 
 JuriTER. See David, Emeric, 
 JuniES, Tract on. Sec Pettingal. 
 
 l>y Repp. Sec Marriage, Report on. 
 
 JuA'iGNY : Coup cVCEil pur les Assurances sur la Vic dcs Ilommes, etc., 
 par J. B. Juvigny. 8vo. Paris, 1825. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kahle : La Balance do I'Europe, la Regie do la Paix et de la Guerre, 
 traduit du Latin de M. Kahle. 12mo. Gottingen, 1744. Very scarce 
 and interesting. 
 
 Kames : Principles of Equity, by Henry Home, Lord Karnes. Bvo. 
 Edinburgh, 1825. 
 
 Elements of Criticism. 8vo. 2 vols. "1 ^, , .^ ^ 
 
 TA 1 Q o 1 / Old calf, fine. 
 
 Do. do. 8vo. 3 vols. ( ' 
 
 Elucidations of the Law of Scotland. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1800. 
 
 Principles of Equity. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1825. 
 
 Essays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion. Bvo. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1751. 
 
 Historical Law Tracts. 4th edition. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1792. 
 
 Sketches of History of Society. 4to. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1774. 
 
 Life of, by Lord AV'oodhouselee. 2d edition. 8vo. 3 vols. Edin- 
 
 burgh, 1814. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 The -works of Lord Kames are all valuable, especially those -which refer to law, and 
 the Elements of Criticism. The Sketches of the History of Man is the most 
 defective. 
 
 Dugald Stewart says that " the Elements of Criticism, considered as the first syste- 
 matical attempt to investigate the metaphysical principles of the fine arts, possesses, 
 in spite of its numerous defects both in point of taste and of philosophy, infinite 
 merit, and will ever be regarded as a literary wonder by those who know how 
 small a portion of his time it was possible for the author to allot to tlie composition 
 of it, amidst the imperious and multifarious duties of a most active and useful 
 life."— (Works, i. 463.) 
 
 Kamtschatka : The History of Kamtschatka, the Kurilski Islands, and 
 Adjacent Countries, translated from the Russian by James Grieve, M.D. 
 4to. London, 1764. Calf, gilt, ex. 
 
 Kelly's Universal Cambist. See Money, &c. 
 
 Kempis: De Imitatione Christi libri IV., cura Nic. Beauzee. 12mo. 
 
 Barbou, Paris, 1789. Mor., ex. For the translation of this work 
 
 into French, see Beauzee. 
 
 ■ The Imitation of Jesus Christ, from the Latin Original, by the 
 
 Rev. T. F. Dibdin, D.D. 8vo. London, 1828. Calf, ex. Ilayday. 
 
 The question in regard to the authorship of this work, which has been said to be the 
 
 best of uninspired publications, has been debated with much keenness. It is most 
 
 O 
 
210 
 
 Kempis — cont. 
 
 commonly ascribed to Thomas a Kempis, a monk, born at Kemp (whence his 
 
 name), near Cologne, m 1386. But the reasons alleged in favom- of his claim are 
 by no means satisfactory. Another claim has been put forward in favour of 
 Gerson, chancellor of the University of Paris (born 1363, died 142!)), which is, 
 perhaps, the better founded of the two.— (-See the lives of Thomas a Kempis and 
 Gerson in the Biographic Universelle, and the authorities therein referred to. There 
 is a life of Kempis in Butler's works, vol. iii.) 
 
 Kennedy and Grainger, on the Letting of Land. See Agriculture. 
 
 Kennet : The Lives and Characters of the Grecian Poets, by Basil 
 Kennet, A.M. 2d ed. 8vo. London, 1735. Calf, gilt. 
 
 See Antiquities. 
 
 Kenrick : Ancient Egypt under the Pharaohs, by John Keurick, A.M. 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1850. 
 
 Phoenicia, by the same. 8vo. London, 1855. 
 
 Kent. See Maritime Law, Neutrality, &c. 
 
 Kepler — Small : An Account of the Astronomical Discoveries of 
 Kepler, by R. Small, D.D. 8vo. London, 1804. 
 
 Keppel : Narrative of a Journey Across the Balkhan, &c., by the Hon. 
 George Keppel, F.S. A. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1831. 
 
 Kerroux : Abrege de I'Histoire de la Hollande et des Provinces-Unies, 
 par M. G. F. Kerroux. 8vo. 4 vols, in 2. Leide, 1778. 
 
 Kett : Elements of General Knowledge, by Henry Kett, B.D. 9th edi- 
 tion. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1825. 
 King : A Selection from the Speeches and Writings of the late Lord 
 King, by Earl Fortescue. 8vo. London, 1844. 
 
 Political and Literary Anecdotes of his own Times, by Dr. William 
 
 King, Principal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford. 2d edition. 
 Post 8vo. London, 1819. 
 This is a well-written, entertaining publication. Its author, who was a good scholar, 
 and had an independent fortune, lived on a familiar footing with some of the 
 most distinguished men of the time, especially of the Tory party, to -which he was 
 attached. His poetical talents were exhibited in " The Toast," a satirical poem, which 
 he printed, but did not publish. He met with the Pretender, Charles Edward, in 
 London, in ITiSO, and the account which he gives of him in the Anecdotes (pp. 
 196-214) is alike curious and unfavourable. 
 
 King — ^Law : An Essay on the Origin of Evil, by William King, Arch- 
 bishop of Dublin; from the Latin, with Notes, &c., by Edmund Law, D.D. 
 4th edition. 8vo. Cambridge, 1758. 
 
 King — Locke : The Life of John Locke, with Extracts from his Cor- 
 respondence, Journals, and Common-Place Books, by Lord King. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1830. 
 King's British Merchant. See Commerce, Works on. 
 Kinneir : A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, accompanied 
 by a Map, by John Macdonald Kinneir. 4to. London, 1813. 
 
 . ■ Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, and Koordistan, in 1813 
 
 and 1814. 8vo. London, 1818. 
 Able and excellent works. 
 
211 
 
 KiUBY aiul Spf.xce : An Introduction to Enloniolorry, or Elcmonts of tlie 
 Natural History of Insects, with Plates, by the Kev. William 
 Kirby, !M.A., and William Spcnce, Esq., F.L.S. 3d edition. 8vo. 
 4 vol's. London, 1818. 
 This is an interestin'i and instructive -work ; and may be read and appreciated by 
 those who have no knowledge of the scientific jargon which passes current under 
 the name of natural historj-. 
 IviRcnsiAXXrs et alii de Annulis Signatoriis Autiquorum, et do vario ritu 
 obsignandi. l2mo. Lugd. Bat., 1512. 
 A very curious and interesting collection. 
 KiRKPATRicK : A Journey into the Kingdom of Nepaul, by Colonel Kirk- 
 patrick, illustrated Avith a Map and many Plates. 4to. London, 1811. 
 Calf, ex. 
 KiTTO: A Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature, edited by John Kitto, D.D., 
 
 &c. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1845. Calf, ex. 
 Klaprotii (M. J.), the following valuable Works of, viz. — 
 
 Voyage an Caucase et on Goorgie. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1823. 
 
 Taideau Ilistorique, Gcographique, &c. du Caucase. 8vo. Paris, 
 
 1827. 
 
 Memoires relatifs a I'Asie. 8vo. 3 vols. Paris, 1826. 
 
 IvxiGiiT : An Analytical Inquiry into the Principles of Taste, by R. Payne 
 Knight. 4th edition. 8vo. Loudon, 1808. Calf, ex. 
 
 An Analytical Essay on the Greek Alphabet. 4to. London, 
 
 1791. Russia. Portrait inserted. 
 
 Discourse on the Worship of Priapus. 4to. London, 1786. Mor., 
 
 Kalthocber. 
 The author of the Life of Knight in Knight's Cycloprcdia of Biography objects to 
 the severe strictiu-cs passed on this treatise in the Pursuits of Literature, " that 
 the object in view was the purely scientific one of elucidating an obscure part of 
 the Greek Theologj'." But this might have been effected without the aid of the 
 plates, which are the really objectionable portion of the work. 
 
 Political Dictionary, edited Ijy Charles Knight. Post 8vo. 4 vols. 
 
 London, V.Y. 
 
 The Popular History of England ; an Illustrated History of 
 
 Society and Government from the Earliest Period to our Own 
 Times, by Charles Knight. 8vo. 8 vols. London, 1850-62. 
 
 Sec Biography. 
 
 KxOLLES : The General Ilistorie of the Turkcs, from the First Beginning 
 of that Nation until the Present Year, 1603, by Richard Knolles. Folio. 
 London, 1603. Calf, a I'antique. Sec, also, Bodin. 
 " None of our writers," says Johnson, " can, in my opinion, justly contest the 
 superiority of Knolles, who, in his History of the Turks, has displayed all the 
 excellencies that narration can admit. His style, though somewhat obscured by 
 time, and sometimes vitiated by false wit, is pure, nervous, elevated, and dear. 
 A wonderful multiplicity of events is so artfully arranged, and so distinctly 
 explained, that each facilitates the knowledge of the next. Whenever a new 
 personage is introduced, the reader is prepared by his character for his actions; 
 when a nation is first attacked, or city besieged, he is made acquainted with its 
 history or situation, so that a great part of the world is brought into view. The 
 descriptions of this author are without minuteness, and the digressions without 
 ostentation. Collateral events are so artfully M-ovcn into the contexture of his 
 principal story, that they cannot be disjoined without leaving it lacerated and 
 broken. There is nothing turgid in his dignity, nor superfluous in his copiousness. 
 
 o 2 
 
212 
 
 Knolles — cont. 
 
 His orations only, which he feigns, like the ancient historians, to have been 
 pronounced on remarkable occasions, are tedious and languid ; and since they are 
 merely the voluntary sports of imagination, prove how much the most judicious 
 and skilful may be mistaken in the estimate of their ow-n powers. 
 
 " Nothing could have sunk this author in obscurity, but the remoteness and barbarity 
 of the people whose story he relates. It seldom happens that all circumstances 
 concur to happiness or fame. The nation which produced this gi-eat historian has 
 the grief of seeing his genius employed upon a foreign and uninteresting subject ; 
 and that writer who might have secured perpetuity to his name by a history of 
 his own country, has exposed himself to the danger of oblivion by recounting 
 enterprises and revolutions of which none desire to be infonned. "—(Rambler, 
 No. 122.) 
 
 But though a work of merit, there can be little doubt that this eulogium of 
 Ivnolles' histoiy is much exaggerated. Its subject is by no means so uninteresting 
 as Johnson would have us to suppose. It not only embraces the rise and progress of 
 the Turkish power, but it, also, embraces a large portion of the long agony of the 
 Eastern empire, with the fall of Constantinople, the invasion of Asia-Minor and 
 the entire defeat of Bajazet by Tamerlane or TiuaurBec, the exploits of Scanderbeg 
 and Hunniades, and the conquests and institutions* of Solyman the IMagnificent. 
 It is the fault of the writer if a history of such events is not generally interesting. 
 In Gibbon's hands it becomes in the highest degree attractive ; and the success 
 of the later portions of his great work goes far to show the insuiBciency of the 
 reasons put forward by Johnson for the neglect into which IvnoUes has fallen. 
 
 Kxox : Elegant Extracts, or Useful and Entertaining Passages in Prose 
 aud Poetry, by Vicesimus Knox, M.A. 8vo. 4 vols. London. 
 1797. 
 
 Liberal Education ; a Practical Treatise on the Methods of 
 
 Acquiring Useful aud Polite Learning. 9th edition. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1788. 
 
 Essays, Moral aud Literary. 9th edit. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 
 
 1787. 
 
 Winter Evenings, or Lucubrations on Life and Letters. 2d edi- 
 
 tion. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1790. 
 
 The Treatise on Education is the best of the works of Vicesimus Knox. He lays, 
 pei'haps, too much sti-ess on the acquisition of classical learning, but the earnestness 
 with which he recommends its study, and the intelligence he displays in showing 
 how it may be best acquired, are worthy of every commendation. He has severely 
 censured the methods of instruction pursued in bis day at the universities ; and 
 though they have been greatly improved in the interval, there is yet ample room for 
 amendment. 
 
 His Essays, which once enjoyed a high degree of popularity, are now entirely 
 neglected. But this change is not to be wondered at, seeing that it has merely 
 reduced them to their natural level, above which they had been elevated by acci- 
 dental and ephemeral circumstances. They are puling, feeble, and affected. 
 There is nothing vigorous about them ; and at best they can rank only as 
 favourable specimens of genteel literary trifling. 
 
 An Historical Eelation of the Island of Ceylon, in the East 
 
 Indies, by Captain Robert Kuox. Folio. Many plates. 
 London, 1681. Mor. 
 
 Koch : Tableau des Revolutions de I'Europe, depuis le Bouleverse- 
 ment de I'Empire Romain en Occident jusqu'a nos jours, par M. 
 Koch. 8vo. 4 vols. Paris, 1814. Half mor., uncut. 
 
 Solyman is called by tlie Turks Canuni, or the law-River, 
 
213 
 
 Kocii : Tableau dcs Eovolalions do rKiirope, dans Ic ^loycii Age, etc. 
 par M. Koch. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1790. 
 The first of these works is probably the most learned sketch that has liitluTto 
 appeared of the history of iikmUtii iMirope. It is, also, very well written ; and is 
 altogether a veiT excellent luihlicatidn. Mackintosh says, " it is above all price " 
 (Life, i. 416). The maps and chronological tables serve to illustrate and facilitate 
 the study of the history. 
 The second work dwells at greater length than the first on the history of the Middle 
 Ages. 
 
 KoLHKx : The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope, by Peter Kolbcn, 
 A.M. From the Original Dutch. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1731. 
 
 IvuusExsTERx : Pfccis du Systenie, des Progres, etdel'Etat de ITnstruction 
 Publique eu Russie, par A. dc Kruseustern. 8vo. Varsovic, 1837. 
 
 L.vr.ORDE : Journey through Arabia Petra\i, and the Excavated City of 
 Petra, by M. Leon de Laborde. 8vo. Loudon, 1836. Calf, ex. 
 
 L.VHOi'LAYE : Ilistoire du Droit de Proprietc Fouciere, par Edouard 
 Luboulaye. Paris, 1839. 
 
 La Bruyeke : Les Caracteres de La Bruyere, etc. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 
 1829. Green nior., extra, gilt leaves. 
 
 The same Work, by La Coste. 12mo. 2 vols. AiTist. 1743. Calf, 
 
 gilt. 
 " On peut compter parmi les productions d'un genre unique lesOaracteres de La Bruyere. 
 II n'y avait pas chcz les anciens plus d'exemples d'un tel ouvrage que du Tc'k'maque. 
 L^n style rapide, concis, nerveux, des expressions pittoresques, un usage tout nouvcau 
 de la langue, mais qui n'en blesse pas les regies, frappcrent le public ; et les allu- 
 sions qu'on y trouvait en foule acheverent le succes. Quand I^a Bruyere montra 
 son ouvrage manuscrit a M. de Mak'zieu, celui-ce lui dit : Voila de quoi vous 
 attirer beaucoup de lecteurs et beaucoup d'ennemis. Ce livre baissa dans I'esprit 
 des hommes, quand une generation entiere, attaqui'e dans I'ouvrage. fut passte. 
 Cependant, comnie il y a des choses de tons les temps et de tons les lieux, il est a 
 croire qu'il ne sera jamais oublie. Le Telemaque a fait quelques imitateurs, lea 
 Caracteres de La Bruyere en ont produit davantage. II est plus aise de faire de 
 courtes peintures des choses qui nous frappent, que d'ecrire un long ouvrage d'imagi- 
 nation, qui plaise et qui instruise a la fois." — (Voltaire, Siecle de Louis XIV.) 
 
 La Chau. See Venus. 
 
 Lacroix : Introduction a la Geographic, par M. S. F. Lacroix. Svo. 
 Paris, 1811. Calf, ex. 
 
 Traite Elementaire du Calcul des Probabilites. 8vo. Paris, 1822. 
 
 La Croze : Ilistoire du Christianisme dans les Indes, par M. La Croze. 
 
 12mo. 2 vols. La Haye, 1758. 
 Lafitau : Mccurs des Sauvages Ameriquains, comparees aux Moeurs des 
 Premiers Temps, par le Pere Lafitau. 4to. 2 vols. Paris, 1724. 
 Old red mor., gilt. 
 
 The author of this work was employed for some years as a missionary in Canada. 
 Hence he had everj- facility for making correct observations ; and tlie accounts which 
 he gives of the Indians, or red nun of North America, are of the highest authority. 
 He has also pointed out some curious coincidences and resemblances between their 
 customs and habits and those of the ancient inhabitants of the old world. These, 
 however, are not really greater than it might be anticipated would be found among 
 
214 
 
 LaFITAU — C07lt. 
 
 different races and tribes -^vhen placed under nearly similai' circumstances, and 
 they certainly do not afford any colourable pretext for his hypothesis that America 
 had been originally peopled by emigrants from Em'ope. and especially from Greece. 
 It is, indeed, singular that a person of Lafitau's learning and talent for observation 
 should have proposed a theory so extravagant and absurd. 
 
 Lafontaixe : CT^uvres Completes de M. De Lafontaiue, precedes d'une 
 Nouvelle Notice sur sa Vie. 8vo, 6 vols. Paris, 1818. Plates 
 before the Letters. Orauge mor., gilt, Simier. 
 
 Contes et Nouvelles en Vers. 8vo. 2 vols, Amsterdam, 1764. 
 
 Mor., ex., Hayday, uncut, 
 
 " La fable, qui appartient a la poesie didactique par son but, est un petit poeme 
 epique, dont les plantes et les animaux sont les heros, les champs et les forets le 
 theatre, et auquels les incidents les plus insignifiants et les plus legers servent de 
 sujet. L'inimitable La Fontaine aurait cree 1' apologue s'il n'avait pas ete invente, 
 car son genie portait natiu-ellement des fables ; et, comme disait I'ingenieuse La 
 Sabliere, c'etait un fablier. Le bon liomme ira plus loin que nous, repetait Jloliere 
 a ses amis, et si La Fontaine ne les a pas laisses derriere lui, du moins il s'est 
 place a leur cote, et il est alle tout en contant et sans s'en douter, a rimmortalite. 
 Quel admirable melange d'imagination, de sensibilite, et d'une philosophic douce et 
 profonde ! quelle simplicite inimitable ! II cree et repand ses richesses sans le 
 vouioir et sans le savoir, et c'est cette heureuse ignorance qui lui donne cette 
 facilite, cet abandon, cette naivete, qui appelle tour a tour le souris et les larmes. 
 On ne pent le comparer aA-ec aucun auteur ancien ou modeme ; on essaierait en 
 vain de I'imiter ; on doit desesperer de le voir reparaitre, a moins que la nature ne 
 reproduise cette singuliere combinaison. Chez tons les autres ecrivains on pent 
 distinguer I'homme de son talent, I'ecrivain de son ouvrage ; chez La Fontaine la 
 chose est impossible; I'homme tout entier se trouve dans chacune de ses fables, et 
 c'est-la ce qui en fait le cliarme; chacune d'elies est une empreinte precieuse de sa 
 physionomie, physionomie originale et vraiment unique ; et si Ton avait pu pene- 
 trer dans les secrets de son genie, et prendre, comme disait Fonteuelle, son ame 
 sur le fait, on aurait vu que les fables naissaient d'elies-mOmes dans son cei'veau, 
 et on en serait revenue au joli mot de Madame de La Sabliere : c'est un fablier." 
 — (AnciUon, Revolutions, iv. 220.) 
 
 Laharpe : Lycee, ou Cours de la Litterature Aneienne et Moderne, par 
 M, de Laliarpe. 8vo. 19 vols. Paris, 1799-1805. Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 
 This work embodies much excellent criticism. It is, however, very uneqiuil, and 
 sometimes prejudiced. The articles are not proportioned to the importance of the 
 subjects, but to the estimation fonued of them by the author. Hence the great 
 extent and elaborate character of the articles on poetical works, compared with 
 those on works of history, philosophy, &c., the greater number of which are of 
 very little value. Speaking generally, the judgments in the earlier volumes of the 
 Course are more to be depended upon than those in the later volumes. Laharpe 
 was so strongly influenced by personal, political, and religious considerations and 
 prejudices that M. De Barante does not hesitate to affirm that he made " Ses 
 amities, et plus souvent encore ses haines, les guides de sa critique " (Litt. Fran^aise, 
 p. 281). And though this may, perhaps, be rather overstated, it is plain that the 
 conclusions arrived at by those who are to any considerable extent under such 
 influences in regard to the works of their contemporaries can seldom be of much 
 value. Frequently, indeed, they are mainly founded on extrinsic circumstances, that 
 is, on their authors being known, or supposed, to be partisans of or attached to 
 this or that faction, creed, or party. These results are so very obvious in the 
 latter portions of this work as to arrest the ittention of every reader 
 
 Laing : Journal of a Residence in Norway in 1834, 1835, 
 and 1 836, by Samuel Laing, Esq. 8vo. Lon- 
 don, 1836. 
 
 .^ — : Tour in Sweden in 1838. 8vo. 1839, 
 
215 
 
 Laixg : Kotos of a Trftvellor in France, Prussia, Swit/A'r- ^ Half bound, 
 land, and Italy. 8vo. 1842, green mor. 
 
 Observations on the Social and Political State of 
 
 tlie European People. 8vo. 18o(). 
 " Oliservaliona on the ^Social and Political State of 
 
 Denmark, and the Duchies. 8vo. 1852. 
 These are superior works. Instead of being filled with accounts of personal adven- 
 tures and gossiping anecdotes, which are rarely worth reading, they contain a 
 great deal of valuable information in regard to the rural economy, the institutions, 
 and tlie social condition of the people of the various countries which Mr. Laing 
 visited. There are a few of his conclusions from which we take leave entirely to 
 dissent ; but they are in general correct ; and in all cases he assigns the grounds 
 on which his opinions are founded and supports them with energy and ability. 
 
 - The History of Scotland, front the Accession of James VI. to the 
 
 Throne of England, to the Union in the Reipn of Queen Anne ; 
 
 •with a Dissertation on the Participation of Queen Mary in tho 
 
 Murder of Darnley; by Malcolm Laing, Esq. 3d edition. 8vo. 
 
 4 vols. London, 1819. Calf, ex., Clark. 
 *' The ardour of Mr. Laing, in the cause of liberty, is not disgraced by democratic 
 coarseness or theoretic refinement. His inquiry into the controverted question 
 of Mary's participation in the death of Darnley, is minute without tediousncss, 
 and acute without sophistry. Whether I consider his sagacity in explaining 
 causes, his clearness in relating facts, his vigour in portraying characters, or his 
 ingenuity in unfolding and enforcing principles, I shall ever find reason to 
 lament that the continuation of Hume's History was not undertaken by a writer so 
 eminently qualified as Mr. Laing is for a work so arduous and so important." — 
 (Dr. Parr, Cat. p. 704.) 
 
 . A Voyage to Spitzbergen, containing an Account of that Country, 
 
 the Zoology of the North, the Shetland Isles, &c. j by John 
 Laing, Surgeon. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1815. 
 I have inserted inside the work a notice of the Autlior. 
 
 Same Work. 4th edition. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1822. 
 
 Solomon's Advice to the Gay and Prosperous Considered : a Sermon 
 
 preached on the 1st January 1772, by the Rev. James Laing, 
 A.M. (afterwards D.D.), Minister of Glasserton. 8vo. Edin- 
 burgh, 1772. Half mor. 
 I have inserted inside the book a MS. notice of the Reverend Author, who was my 
 maternal grandfather. 
 
 . ■- Atlas Prize Essay : National Distress, its Causes and ^Remedies, 
 
 by Samuel Laing, Esq., M.P. 8vo. London, 1844. 
 
 La Lande : Systeine d'Astronomie, par M. Jerome De la Lande. 2de edi- 
 tion. 4to. 4 vols. Paris, 1776-81. French calf, gilt. 
 La Loubere : Le Royaume de Slam, par M. De la Loubere. 12mo. 
 
 2 vols. Paris, 1691. 
 La Malle, Dureau de, Recherches sur la Topographic de Carthage, par M. 
 
 8vo. Paris, 1835. 
 ■ Economic Publique des Romains. See Political Economy, Works on. 
 
 Lajiautine : Histoire des Girondins, par M. dcLamartine. Svo. 8 vols. 
 Paris, 1848. Red mor., uncut. 
 " La sauce vaut mieux que le poisson ;" the book is flimsy and trashy, the dress 
 superb. 
 
216 
 
 La Martixiere : Le Grand Dictionnaire Geographique, Historique, et 
 Critique, par M. Bruzen de la Martiniere. Folio. 6 vols. Paris, 1768. 
 
 Lambinet : Reclierclies Historiques, Litteraires, el Critiques sur I'Origine 
 de rimprimerie, par M. Lambinet. 8vo. Bruxelles, anvii., 1799. Calf, ex. 
 
 Lampredi. See Maritime Law, &c. 
 
 Lancashire Illustrated : From Original Drawings by Messrs. Austin, 
 Harwood, &c., with Descriptions. 4to. London, 1831. 
 
 Landt : Description of the Feroe Islands, from the Danish of the Rev. G. 
 Landt. 8vo. London, 1810. 
 
 Lane : An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians^ 
 written in Egypt during the Years 1833, 1834, and 1835, by E. W. Lane. 
 3d edition. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1842. Calf, ex. 
 
 Lanjunais : Constitutions de la Nation Frangaise, etc., par le Comte 
 Lanjunais. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1819. 
 
 Laplace : Exposition du Systeme du Monde, par M. le Marquis de La- 
 place. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1824. Calf, ex. 
 This Treatise is intended to explain in a simple and easy manner the system of the 
 world, which the Author had fully unfolded in the Mecanique Celeste. But 
 ordinary readers will, perhaps, derive a better knowledge of that system from the 
 article on Laplace's great work, by Playfair, in the Edinburgh Eeview,* than trom 
 any other source. It is a most eloquent and admirable exposition of a subject 
 which is as difEciUt as it is interesting. It will not be easy to match the following 
 paragraphs : — 
 " Such is the work of Laplace, affording an example, which is yet solitary in the 
 history of human knowledge, of a theory entirely complete ; one that has not only 
 accounted for all the phenomena that were known, but that has discovered many 
 before unknown, which observation has since recognized. In this theory not only 
 the elliptic motion of the planets relatively to the sun, but the in-egularities produced 
 by their mutual action, whether of the primary on the primary, of the primary on 
 the secondary, or of the secondary on one another, are all deduced from the prin- 
 ciple of gravitation, that mysterious power which unites the most distant regions of 
 space and the most remote periods of duration. To this we must add the great 
 truths brought in view and fully demonstrated, by tracing the action of the same 
 power through all its mazes : — That all the inequalities in our system are 
 periodical ; tliat, by a tixed appointment in nature, they are each destined to 
 revolve in the same order, and between the same limits ; that the mean distances 
 of the planets from the sun, and the time of their revolutions roimd that body, are 
 susceptible of no change whatsoever ; that our system is thus secured against 
 natural decay, order and regularity preserved in the midst of so many disturbing 
 causes, and anarchy and misrule eternally proscribed. 
 " The work where this sublime picture is delineated does honour, not to the author 
 only, but to the human race ; and marks, undoubtedly, the highest point to which 
 man has yet ascended in the scale of intellectual attainment. The glory, therefore, 
 of having produced this work belongs not to the author alone, but must be shared 
 in various proportions among the philosophers and mathematicians of all ages. 
 Their efforts, fi-om the age of Euclid and Archimedes to the time of Newton and 
 Laplace, have all been required to the accomplishment of this great object ; they 
 have been all necessary to form one man for the author, and a few for the readers, 
 of the work before us. Every mathematician who has extended the bounds of his 
 science ; every astronomer who has added to the number of facts and the accm-acy 
 of obsei-vation ; every artist who has improved the construction of the instruments 
 of astronomy ; all have co-operated in preparing a state of knowledge in which 
 such a book could exist, and in which its merit could be appreciated. They have 
 collected the materials, sharpened the tools, or constructed the engines employed 
 in the great edifice, founded by Newton and completed by Laplace. 
 
 • Vol.xi, 1808, aud Playfair's Works, iv. 
 
217 
 
 Laplace — coyit. 
 
 " In this estimate we detract nothin,? fl-om the merit of the nnthor himself; his 
 originality, his invention, and conijirolu'nsivo views are above all j)raise; nor can 
 any man boast of a higher honour than that the genius of the human race is the 
 only rival of his fame." 
 
 Essai Philosophiquc sur les Probabilites. 5me edition. Paris, 
 
 1825. 
 Larcher. See Voiuis ; aiul Herodotus, in Classics and Translations. 
 La Tour : Ilistoire d'Epaminondas, parM. I'Abbe dc la Tour. Paris, 1739. 
 
 Histoires de Seipiou rAfricain et d'Epaminondas, pour servir de 
 
 suite aux Homnies illustres de Phitarcpie, i)ar ]M. I'Abbe Serau 
 de la Tour, avec les 01)servations de M. de Folard. Nouvellc 
 edition. 12mo. 1 vol. Paris, 17o2. Old olive nior., gilt leaves. 
 Law : Money and Trade. See Commerce, Corn Trade, &c. 
 
 Lite of Law. Sec Wood. 
 
 Lawrence : Lectures on Physiology, Zoology, and the Natural History of 
 Man, by William Lawrence, F.R.S. 8vo. London, 1819. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 This work, by one of our most eminent surgeons, is replete with important researches, 
 The author lays it down that the discovery of truth, and its representation in the 
 most intelligible manner, is the only proper object of physiological, or, indeed, of 
 any other inquiries (p. 114). And he arrives, in following out this sound prin- 
 ciple, at sundry conclusions deduced from purely scientific investigations. Some, 
 however, of the.se are said to be at A^ariance with certain metaphysical and theo- 
 logical doctrines ; and hence the charge brought against him of being sceptical 
 and anti-orthodox. And, perhaps, it is to be regretted that he has not occasion- 
 ally expressed himself with greater reser^-e, and been less decided in his state- 
 ments. But nothing can be more objectionable than the introduction of the 
 theological element into such in(iuiries. The truths of natural and revealed 
 religion are not dependent on anatomical researches. They rest on evidence of a 
 verj- different kind ; and their appearance in questions of "this sort senes only to 
 embarrass the investigator, to withdraw his attention from the objects on which it 
 should be exclusively fixed, and to warp or mislead his judgment. The question- 
 able passages referred to above affect, indeed, only a .small part of the work. But 
 the outcry they occasioned was such, that the author made an effort to have it 
 suppressed. Happih', however, this could not be effected ; and whatever may be 
 its defects, it contains a large amount of information with respect to the different 
 varieties of the human race, with much judicious criticism, and is an instructive 
 and valuable treatise. 
 
 W. B., on Visitation and Search. See Search, Right of. 
 
 Lawrie : The History of Free Masonry, by Alexander La-wi'ie, Esq, 8vo. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1804. 
 Layard : Nineveh and its Remains, &c., by A. II. Layard, Esq., D.C.L., 
 
 M.P., &c. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1849. 
 Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, &c., being the 
 
 Results of a Second Expedition for their Exploration. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1853. 
 
 These are the works in which the extraordinary discoveries at Nineveh were first 
 announced to the British public. The narrative is peculiarly interesting, and shows 
 how the author succeeded, without any aid other than his own tact and good sense, 
 in acquiring an unparalleled ascendancy over the Arabs, and in making them sub- 
 servient to his purposes. The excavated remains of Nineveh are now among the 
 most important and valuable antiquities to be found in our museums. 
 
218 
 
 Leake : An Historical Account of English Money, from the Conquest to 
 the Present Time, by S. M. Leake, Esq. 2d edition. 8vo. Lon- 
 don, 1745. 
 
 The Topography of Athens, with some Remarks on its Antiqui- 
 ties, by Lieut.-Col. W. M. Leake, R.A. 8vo. London, 1821. 
 
 . Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor, &c. 8vo. London, 1824. 
 
 Travels in the Morea, with a Map and Plans. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 
 Loudon, 1830. 
 
 Le Beau : Histoire du Bas Empire depuis Constantin le Grand, par 
 M. Le Beau, continue par M. Ameilhon. 12mo. 29 vols. Paris, 
 1757-1817. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 Le Clerc : Des Journaux cliez les Romains, par J. V. Le Clerc. 8vo. 
 Paris, 1838. Calf, ex. 
 
 Ledwich's Antiquities of L'eland. See Ireland, Works on. 
 
 Lee : Memorials (two) for the Bible Societies of Scotland in regard to the 
 Printing, &c. of the Bible, (by the Rev. Dr. John Lee, Principal of the 
 University, Edinburgh), Avith all the Appendixes, &c. 8vo. Edin- 
 burgh, 1824 and 1826. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 Carefully compiled, and abounding with much cm-ious research in regard to the 
 history of the Bible in Scotland. 
 
 Legendre : Elements de Geometric avec des Notes, par A. M. Legendre. 
 llmeed. 8vo. Paris, 1817. Calf, ex. 
 " A work entitled to the highest praise for elegance and accuracy." — Playfair's 
 Elements of Geometry, 7th ed., p. 442. 
 
 Leibnitz : Essais de Theodicee sur la Bonte de Dieu, la Liberte de 
 I'Homme, &c., par M, Leibnitz, avec I'Histoire de sa Vie et 
 de ses Ou\Tages, par M. de Jaucourt. 12mo. 2 vols. Amster- 
 dam, 1747. 
 
 Recueil de Diverses Pieces, sur la Philosophie, la Religion 
 
 Naturelle, I'Histoire, les Mathematiques, &c., par Mess. Leibnitz, 
 Clarke, Newton, &c. 12rao. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1760. 
 • L'Esprit de Leibnitz, on Recueil de Pensees choisies, sur la Re- 
 ligion, la Morale, &c., extraites des CEuvres de Leibnitz. 12mo. 
 2 vols, a Lyons, 1772. 
 M. Tenneman has given an excellent notice of this great philosopher. We, however, 
 prefer Gibbon's rapid and comprehensive sketch of the pursuits in which he engaged. 
 Leibnitz was, perhaps, the most universal genius of modem times. But it is more 
 than probable that the services he has rendered to science, and his fame, would 
 have been greater had he confined his attention to fewer subjects. The observance 
 of the principle of the division and combination of employments is as necessary to 
 the perfection of the labours of the head as of those of the hand. 
 " The genius and studies of Leibnitz have ranked his name with the first philosophic 
 names of his age and country ; but his reputation, perhaps, would be more pure 
 and permanent if he had not ambitiously grasped the whole circle of human 
 science. As a theologian he successfiilly contended with the sceptics, who be- 
 lieved too little, and with the papists, who believe too much, and with the heretics, 
 who believe otherwise than is inculcated by the Lutheran confession of Augsburgh; 
 yet the philosopher betrayed his love of union and toleration. His faith in 
 Eevelation was accused, while he proved the Trinity by the principles of logic ; 
 and in the defence of the attributes and providence of the Deity he was suspected 
 of a secret correspondence with his adversary Bayle. The metaphysician expa- 
 
219 
 
 Leicmtz — cont. 
 
 tiated in the fields of air ; his pre-established harmony of the sonl and body niipht 
 have provoked the jealousy of I'lato ; and his optimism, the best of all possible 
 worlds, seems an idea too vast for a mortal mind, lie was a physieian in the large 
 and genuine sense of the word ; like his brethren, he amused himself witli creating 
 a globe ; and his Protogfca, or Primitive Earth, has not been useless to the last 
 hypothesis of IJulfon, which prefers the agency of fire to that of water. lam not 
 worthy to praise the mathematician ; but his name is mingled in all the problems 
 and discoveries of tlie times. The masters of the art were his rivals or disciples ; 
 and if he borrowed from Sir Isaac Newton the sublime method of Huxions, Leibnitz 
 ■was at least the Prometheus who imparted to mankind the sacred fire which he 
 had stolen fi-om the gods. His curiosity extended to every branch of chemistry, 
 mechanics, and the arts, and the thirst of knowledge was always accompanied with 
 a spirit of improvement. The vigour of his youth had been exercised in the 
 schools of jurisprudence ; and while he taught he aspired to refomi the laws of 
 nature and nations, of liomc and Germany. The annals of Brunsvick, of the 
 empire, of the ancient and modern world, were present to the mind of the histo- 
 rian ; and he could tuni from the solution of a problem to the dusty parchments 
 and barbarous style of the records of the Middle Age. His genius was more 
 nobly directed to investigate the origin of languages and nations ; nor could he 
 assume the character of a grammarian without fonning the project of an imiversal 
 idiom and alphabet. These various studies were often interrupted by the occa- 
 sional politics of the times ; and his pen was always ready in the cause of the 
 princes and patrons to whose service he was attached. Many hours were con- 
 sumed in a learned correspondence with all Europe ; and the philosopher amused 
 his leisure in the composition of French and Latin poetiy. Such an example may 
 display the extent and powers of the human understanding, but even his powers 
 were dissipated by the multiplicity of his pursuits. He attempted more than he 
 could finish ; he designed more than he could execute ; his imagination was not 
 easily satisfied with a bold and rapid glance on the subject, which he was impa- 
 tient to leave ; and Leibnitz may be compared to those heroes whose empire has 
 been lost in the ambition of universal conquest." — (Misc. Works, iii. 3C1.) 
 
 Leland : History of the Life and Reign of Philip, King of Macedon, hy 
 Thos. Leland, D.D. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1758. Blue mor., 
 gilt. 
 
 Same Work. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1775. Calf, ex. 
 
 History of Ireland. See L-eland, Works on. 
 
 Demosthenes. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 Leland — Hearxe : The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary, from 
 the Original MS. in the Bodleian Lil)rary, by Thomas Hearue, M.A. 
 3d edition. Svo. 9 vols, in 5. Oxford, 1768. Russia, ex., Kalthoeber. 
 A particularly fine copy. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresxoy : Traite Historique et Dogmatique sur les Appari- 
 tions, les Visions, et les Revelations rarticulieres, par M. Lenglet Dufres- 
 noy. 12mo. 2 vols. Avignon, 1751. {See Fresnoy.) 
 
 Lermixier: Introduction Generale a I'Histoire du Droit, par E. Lermiuier. 
 2de edition. Svo. Pari.s, 1835. 
 
 Philosophic du Droit. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1831. 
 
 Leroux : Dictionnaire Comique, Satyricpie, Critique, Burlesque, Libre, et 
 Proverbial, par P. J. Leroux. Nouvelle edition. Svo. 2 vols, a Pam- 
 pelune, 1786. 
 
 Le Sage : Histoire de Gil Bias de Santillane, par Le Sage. Svo. 4 vols. 
 Paris, 1794. Large paper ; plates before the letters. Mor., ex. 
 
220 
 
 Leslie, Sir John : Report of tlie Debate in the General Assembly of the 
 Church of Scotland, in 1805, respecting the Election of Mr. 
 Leslie to the Mathematical Chair in the University of Edin- 
 burgh ; with Tracts relative thereto, by Dugald Stewart, 
 Playfair, Inglis, &c. 
 
 This famous question arose out of a vigorous effort made by the ministers of Edinburgh 
 to exclude Mr. Leslie from the Chair of Mathematics in the University, on the 
 pretence of his having approved of Hume's theory of Causation, but in reality that 
 they might make room for the Eev. Dr. Macknight, a colleague of their own. The 
 scheme was defeated. The debate, and the tracts on both sides, are most able, 
 and reflect great credit on the Church. 
 
 -^^— An Experimental Inquiry into the Nature and Propagation of 
 Heat. 8vo. London, 1804. Russia. 
 Note XVI. to this Work gave rise to the controversy referred to above. 
 
 The Philosophy of Arithmetic. Svo. Edinburgh, 1817. 
 
 " Elements of Geometry and Plane Trigonometry. 4th edition. 
 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1820. 
 
 Geometrical Analysis, and Geometry of Curve Lines. 8vo. Edin- 
 
 burgh, 1821. 
 
 Elements of Natural Philosophy. Svo. Edinburgh, 1829. 
 
 The last 4 vols, uniform, light calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Two portraits inserted, one of which, though a little caricatured, is excessively like. 
 
 For the translation of Buffon's Birds, see Buffon. 
 
 The author of these works, descended of parents in humble circumstances, was bom 
 in Fifeshire in 1766. He rose principally by his o-nn merits, but also by the aid 
 of a fortunate combination of circumstances, to be one of the most eminent scien- 
 tific men of his day. Though not a profoimd geometer, he was well versed in 
 mathematics and natural philosophy ; and he was especially distinguished by his 
 discoveries connected with heat, and the many ingenious instruments he contrived 
 to facilitate his researches into the various states of the atmosphere. His Natural 
 Philosophy, of which only the first volume was published, is illustrated by many 
 curious and interesting discussions ; and its non-completion is miich to be regretted. 
 He had an excellent memory, and having read a great deal on all manner of sub- 
 jects, he had a very wide range of infonnation. Early in life he translated 
 Buffon's History of Birds ; and that circumstance may, perhaps, in some measure 
 account for the defects of his style, which was much too ornate and ambitious to 
 be suitable for scientific works. He was liberal in his views, of a social disposition, 
 good tempered, and without either artifice or pretence. He died in 1832, not long 
 after he had been advanced to the honour of knighthood. 
 
 Lesn:e : La Reliure, Poeme Didactique en Six Chants, avec des Notes, 
 par Lesne. 8vo. Paris, 1820. 
 
 There are many faults in binding. Some books are not well beat, or well sewed ; the 
 leather employed in binding is often bad, and is not unfrequently, indeed, the 
 counterfeit of what it purport.s to be; sometimes books do not open so that they may 
 be easily read ; and sometimes the finishing, that is, the gilding, lettering, &c., 
 exhibits the vilest taste. But the worst fault, and one that is very general, is the 
 cutting too deep into the margins. The other faults may be remedied by taking 
 the book to pieces and rebinding it. But this is irreparable. The reader may 
 not, perhaps, remember that the great philosopher Locke properly appreciated 
 this matter. Speaking of a newly bound Greek Testament sent him by his friend 
 Mr. Molyneux, he says, " There is nothing in it that offends me but the running of 
 the paring knife too deep into the margin ; a knavish and intolerable fault in all 
 our English bookbinders " (iv. 623). 
 
 And this ♦' knavish and intolerable fault " is quite as general in these days as in those 
 
221 
 
 Lesxe — cont. 
 
 of Locke. To obviate it the true plan is to have books honnd uncut ; for if any 
 
 licence be given, it is hardly possible to hinder it from beiu'; abused. I mostly adopt 
 
 this plan, or cut and gild" the tops only without allowing the sides and bottoms 
 
 to be touched. 
 
 Letuoxne : Reclicrches Guogi-aphiquos et Critiques sur lo Livrc Dc Men- 
 
 sitra Orbis Tcrrce, par Dicuil, .suivie du Textc restitue par 
 
 M. Lftronnc. 8vo. Paris, 1814. Annexed is a tract by Valck- 
 
 naer, Paris, 1807, containing the text of Dicuil. 
 
 Recherches pour servir a I'Histoire de I'Egypte pendant la Domi- 
 
 nation des Grecs et des Romains. 8vo. Paris, 1823. 
 
 La Statue Vocale de IMeninon, consideree dans ses Rapports avec 
 
 I'Egypte et la Greee. 4to. Paris, 1833. 
 
 Lettres d'un Antiquaire u un Artiste sur I'Emploi do la Peinturc 
 
 Historique jMurale dans la Decoration des Temples et autres 
 Edifices des Grecs et des Romains, avcc un Appendice. 8vo. 
 Paris, 1836 and 1837. 
 
 Fragments des Poemes Geograpliiques de Scymnus de Ohio et du 
 
 Faux Dicearque. 8vo. Paris, 1848. 
 
 Considerations Generales. See jNIouey, Works on. 
 
 The works of Letronne discover great learning and acuteness. That on the Vocal 
 Statue of Memnon at Thebes in Egypt is, perhaps, the most interesting and 
 satisfactory-. This famous statue, which emitted a distinct sound when struck by 
 the first rays of the rising sun, ( f/i< /•of///,s soUs icta est vocakm soiium reddens, 
 Taciti Annal. lib. ii. cap. 61.) has acquired an immortality of renown. Le- 
 tronne, however, has shown that the fame of the statue dates from a com- 
 paratively recent epoch, and that it ^id not become vocal till it had been in part 
 overthrown by an earthquake about 27 years b.c. From that date to the reign of 
 Severus, the salutation of Memnon was heard by several of the Jioman Emperors 
 and other great personages, and excited the deepest feelings of awe and reverence. 
 Occasionally the god was silent ; and Severus, who had attended his morning 
 levees without hearing his voice, endeavoured to appease his anger and conciliate 
 his good will by restoring the statue to its original state. Contrary, however, to the 
 Emperor's expectation, the restoration stopped for ever the voice of IVIemnon. 
 It had most probably originated in the influence of the sun on the air enclosed in 
 the cre^-ices or fissures of the stone; and these having been filled up, the salutation 
 of the god was no longer audible. 
 
 Lettres des quelques Juifs Portugais, Allemands, et Polonais, a 
 M. de Voltaire. 5me edition. 8vo. 3 vols. Paris, 1781. 
 
 The Abbe Guene, the author of these Letters, was by far the most acute and learned 
 of those who attempted to vindicate the Bible, or rather the Old Testament, against 
 the attacks and sarcasms of Voltaire. Though inferior to his great adversary in 
 wit, and in the art of making the worse appear the better cause, he was greatly his 
 superior in learning; but while he convicts him of ignorance and bad faith, he 
 never forgets the respect due to his genius and talent. Voltaire never met with so 
 formidable an antagonist. He says in a letter to D'Alembert (8 December 1778), 
 " Le Secretaire juif n'est pas sans esprit et sans cunnaissaiices, mais il est malin 
 comme un singe ; il mnrdjusqu'an sang enfaisant semblant baiser le main." Despite 
 the raillei7 with which they were assailed, the Lettres des (/uelques Jnifs have 
 maintained, and no doubt will continue to maintain, their jiopularity. The Abbe 
 Guene died in 1803, at the age of 86. {Sec Biographic Uuiverselle, art. Guene, 
 and Mem. de I'Academie des Inscriptions, 1. 246.) 
 
 Levciiine : Description des Hordes et des Steppes des Kirgliiz-Kazaks, 
 traduite du Russe de M. de Levchinc. Royal Mvo. Paris. 1840. 
 
222 
 
 Lewis : The following works by my very learned friend Sir George C. 
 Lewis, Bart., viz. : — 
 
 On the Use and Abuse of Political Terms. 8vo. London, 1832. 
 
 An Essay on the Govei-nment of Dependencies. Svo. London, 
 
 184L 
 
 An Essay on the Influence of Authority in Matters of Opinion. 
 
 Svo. London, 1849. 
 
 A Treatise on the Methods of Observation and Seasoning in 
 
 Politics. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1852. 
 
 An Historical Survey of the Astronomy of the Ancients. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1862. 
 Sir G. C. Lewis has also translated Boechk's Public Economy of Athens, and he has 
 assisted in the translation of Jliiller's Dorians. See these Works. 
 
 A Dissertation on the Antiquity and L"se of Seals in England, by 
 
 the Rev. John Lewis, M.A. 4to. London, 1740. Half mor. 
 
 A Complete History of the Several Translations of the Holy Bible 
 
 and Xew Testament into English. 2d edition. Svo. London, 
 1739. Calf, ex., leaves uncut. 
 
 The Life of Dr. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester in the reign of 
 
 Henry VIII. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1855. 
 
 Origines Hebrcege, the Antiquities of the Hebrew Rei^ublic, by 
 
 Thomas Lewis, M.A. Svo. 3 vols. Oxford, 1835. Calf, ex. 
 
 Lexicon, Gra^co-Latinum, Joannis ScapuljE. Editio nova, consilio et 
 cura Jacobi Bailey, A.B., et J. R. Major, A.B. 4to. Londini, 1820. 
 Russia. (See Scapula.) 
 
 Lexicon Totius Latinitatis, consilio et cura Jacobi Facciolati, opera et 
 studio Egidii Forcellini lucubratum, edidit Jacobus Bailey, A.M. 
 4to. 2 vols. Londini, 1828. Russia. 
 A most excellent Lexicon, being the best by far that I am acquainted with. 
 Leyden : Poems and Ballads by Dr. John Leyden, with a Memoir of the 
 Doctor, bv Sir Walter Scott, and Supplemental Details by Robert 
 White. 8vo. Kelso, 1858. 
 Leyden appears to have been a very singular person. He had great aptitude for the 
 acquisition of languages ; a fluent and feeble poetical style ; and exti'emely boorish 
 manners. He seems to have been quite as much patronized as he deserved. 
 
 Liddell : A History of Rome from the earliest Times to the Establish- 
 ment of the Empire, by H. G. Liddell, D.D. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1855. 
 LiGNE. See De Ligne. 
 
 Lindsay : The Interest of Scotland Considered, by — Lindsay, Esq. Svo. 
 Edinburgh, 1733. 
 
 Our Navigation and Mercantile Marine Laws Considered, with a 
 
 View to their Revision and Consolidation, by W. S. Lindsay, 
 Esq., M.P. 2d edition. Svo. London, 1853. {See, also. Money, 
 Coins, &c.) 
 A work that is highly creditable to the author ; who is intimately acquainted with 
 everything that relates to our merchant shipping. 
 
 Lingard: The Histoiy of England, from the First Invasion of the Romans 
 
 to the Accession of William and Mary, by John Lingard, D.D. 5th 
 
 edition. Svo. 10 vols, London, 1849. JBlue mor. Subscribers' copy. 
 
223 
 
 LiXGAnn : The History ami Antiquities of tlie Anglo-Saxon Church ;* 
 containin;:: an Account of its Origin, Government, Doctrines, &c., and 
 Clerical and INIonastic Institutions, by John Lingard, D.D. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, lS4o. 
 The first of these works, by an eminent Catholic divine, reflects great credit on his 
 industrj', learning, and ability. But his professional prejudices are manifest, 
 especially in his accounts of the reigns of Henry VI 11. and Klizabcth, and wher- 
 ever, indeed, the pretensions of the Catholics and Trotestants are brought strongly 
 into opposition. Lingard appears to have got a good deal more credit for impar- 
 tiality and fairness than he deserves. 
 His work on the History and Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church has been much 
 praised. Though it does not afford the same scope as the other for the display of 
 his peculiar likings and dislikings, they are yet sufficiently obvious. Mr, Butler, 
 a good judge, but a Catholic, says it is invaluable,— (Works, iv. 202.) 
 LiPSius : Justi Lipsii, V.C, Opera Omnia ; copioso rernm indice illustrata. 
 8vo. 4 vols. Vcsaliie, 1675. The editio optima. Old mor., gilt 
 leaves, fine. 
 Lipsius enjoyed a very high reputation among the scholars, antiquarians, and critics 
 of his day. But his was an age of pedants rather than of philosophers ; and the 
 studies and researches in which he was for the most part engaged have since fallen 
 into comp,arative neglect. The injury thence arising to his reputation has been 
 increased by the prejudice occasioned by his changing from I'rotestautism to 
 Popery, and his intolerance. In this latter respect, indeed, his opinions were more 
 worthy of an inquisitor than of a scholar and a politician. His notes on Tacitus, 
 whose works he had studied with the greatest care, are, perhaps, the most valuable of 
 his writings. — (Lengthened notices of Lipsius and his writings will be found in 
 Niceron, xxiv. pp. 105-138, and in Baillet, Jugements des Savans, ii. pp. 192-198 
 &c.) 
 
 Literary History : An Introduction to the Literary History of the 14th 
 and loth Centuries. 8vo. London, 1798. 
 
 Literary Property, Tracts on, viz, — 
 
 1. Considerations on the Nature and Origin of Literary Property, 
 
 17(57. 
 
 2. An Address to the Artists and Manufacturers of Great Britain, 
 
 with Appendix, by \V. Kenrick, LL.D. 1774. 
 
 3. An Address to the Parliament of Great Britain on the Claims 
 
 of Authors to their own Copyright, 181.3. 
 
 4. Copyright Laws ; Speech of J. S. Buckingham, Esq., in the 
 
 House of Commons, April 18.36. 1836. 
 
 5. Letter to Benjamin Hawes, Esq., M.P., by Edward Edwards, 
 
 1836. 
 
 6. .Eemarks on the Speech of Sergeant Talfourd on a Bill to Con- 
 
 solidate the Laws relating to Copp-ight, by Thomas Tegg, 
 1837. 
 
 7. Observations on the Laws of Copyright in reference to the Bill 
 
 introduced by Mr. Sergeant Talfourd, 1838. 
 
 8. A Plea for Peri)etual Copyright, in a Letter to Lord Mont- 
 
 eagle, by William D. Christie, Esq., Inner Temple, 1840. 
 
 1. Information for Alexander Donaldson, Bookseller, &c.. Defend-" 
 
 ers, against John Ilinton, Bookseller, &c. 1773. 
 
 2. The Decision of the Court of Session on the Question of Lite- 
 
 rary' Property, in the Cause of Ilinton against Donaldson, &c. 
 
 3. The Cause of the Appellants and Respondents in the Cause of 
 
 Literary Property, 1774. 
 
 4. Answers for James Pvobertson, Defender to the Petition of 
 
 Messrs. Cadell and Davies, 1804. 
 
 The Question concerning Literary Propertv Determined in the Court of Queen's 
 Bench, 20th April 1769. tto. 
 
 - Svo. 1 vol. 
 
 I 4to. 1 vol. 
 
224 
 
 LiTHGOW : Travels and Voyages through Europe, Asia, and Africa, for 
 
 Nineteen Years, by William Lithgow. 12th edition. 8vo. Leith, 1814. 
 This is a curious and in some respects an extraordinarj- book. The author, born 
 of poor parents in Lanarkshire in 1583, was influenced, according to his o-n-n 
 account, by a strong desire to visit foreign countries. And in this he was so far 
 successful that he travelled on foot over large portions of Europe, Asia, and Africa, 
 of which he gives succinct, clear, and judicious accounts. He appears to have 
 been frequently obliged to depend upon chance supplies for the means of defraying 
 his very moderate expenses. And the accidents by which his necesshies were 
 sometimes relieved seem, taking his statements for gi-anted, to have been as 
 opponune as they were singular. He eventually fell into the hands of the 
 Inquisition at Malaga, and being taken for a spy as well as a heretic, was subjected 
 to very severe tortures. He returned to Scotland in 1627, and is supposed to 
 have died about 1640. Previously to their being reprinted his Travels had become 
 very scarce and dear. 
 
 LiTTERATURE LeGALE, &C. 
 
 1. Questions de Litterature Legale, par Charles Nodier,^ 
 
 &c. 8fC. 2de edition. 1828. > 1 vol. 
 
 2. Cours de Litterature Grecque Moderne. 1827. J 
 Litterature Espagnole : Essai sur la. 8vo. Paris, 1810. 
 LoccENius. See Maritime Law, &c. 
 
 Loch's Essay on Trade, &c. Edinburgh, 1775. "With a Proposal for a 
 Uniformity of Weights and Measures in Scotland. Edinburgh, 1779. 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Locke : The Works of John Locke. 8th edition. 4to. 4 vols. London, 
 1777. Old calf. 
 
 Tennemann gives the following notice of this great English philosopher :• — " Jean 
 Locke, ne en 1632, a Wrington pres Bristol, mort en 1704, abandonna la phi- 
 losophic scholastique du moment qu'il eut goutc, dans I'ctude des classiques, un 
 meilleur aliment pour son genie. Les ouvrages de Descartes donnerent un nouvel 
 essor a son ardeur pour les sciences, particulierement pour la pliilosophie et la 
 medecine; et bien qu'il rejetiit la doctrine Cartesienne sur plus d'une question, entre 
 autres pour ce qui concerae les idees innees, cette philosophic ne laissait pas de lui 
 plaire par ses efforts vers la clarte et la nettetc des pensees. En considc'rant les 
 perpi3tueLs dObats des philosophes, il se convainquit que ces querelles proviennent 
 d'un mauvais emploi des idt-es et des temies du langage, et qu'il serait possible de 
 les terminer piremtoirement au moyen d'une recherche rigoureu.se sur I'entende- 
 nient hmnain et sur I'etendue de ses connaissances. Ce travail donna naissance a 
 son celebre Traite. Une maniere de penser pleine de reserve et de tolerance, una 
 raison savante, limiineuse, et calme dans ses discassions avec les homines les plus 
 habiles de son temps, assurerent a Locke I'estime genrrale et des succes eclatans : il 
 donna a la philosophic, selon I'esprit de Bacon, une direction opposte a la methode 
 speculative, et tom-nee de preference vers I'observation, en I'appliquant surtout aux 
 faits de notre nature interne, et en docomposant avec soin les elemens dont ils se 
 composent. La mothode pliilosophique de Locke se recommandait a divers egards 
 par des avantages prc'cieux. mais elle ctait aussi tres-defectueuse, surtout en ce 
 qu'elle s'arretait a la moitie du chemin, et qu'elle eludait les grandes difficultes de 
 la science plutot qu'elle ne s'attachait a les resoudre par la profondeur et la solidite 
 de son examen. Toutefois les attaques auxquelles le philosophe fut expose fiirent 
 bien moins dirigees vers ses defauts que sur quelques resultats et quelques points de 
 vue particuliers de sa doctrine. Par ses ouvrages sur I'education et la tolerance, 
 Locke rendit encore a Thimianite des services qui ne lui ont pas etc contestes." 
 For Life of, by Lord King, see Ki 
 
 Locke — Wtnxe : An Abridgment of the Essay on the Human Under- 
 standing, by John Wynne. 7th edition. 12mo. Foulis, Glasgow, 
 1752. 
 Very well executed. 
 
LoCKUAUT : ^lemoiis of the Life of Sir Wiilter Seott, Bart., by J. G. Lock- 
 hart, Esq. A new edition. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1844. 
 An authentic, well written, and extremely interesting publication. 
 
 Lift> of Burns. iS're Burns. 
 
 Ancient .Spanish Ballads, Historical and Romantic, with Notes, 
 
 BLautif'ully illustrated. 4to. London, 1842. Spanish calf, ex. 
 
 Valerius; a Roman Story. Post 8vo. Edinburgh, I80G. 
 
 Logan : Poems by the Rev. John Logan, Minister of South Leith, with 
 
 a Life of the Author. Post 8vo. 
 
 .SV^*, also, Rutherfurd, View of Ancient History. 
 
 LoxG : Library of Entertaining Knowledge, the British Museum, Egyptian 
 Antiquities, by George Long, Esq., M.A. 12mo. 
 2 vols. London, 1832. 
 
 Account of Pompeii. 4th edit. 12mo. 2 vols. London, 1836. 
 
 This is a careftilly compiled, chcaj), and valuable work. The streets, public buildings, 
 houses, and articles excavated at Pompeii have been repeatedly described and 
 illustrated in works of great expense and magnificence. And even the works of 
 Sir William Gell, though more accessible, are too costly to be of general use. But 
 in Mr. Long's work this defect is completely obviated. He is familiar alike with 
 all that can be learned with regard to the buildings and objects of art or em- 
 bellishment from the classical authors, as well as from those by whom they have 
 been examined and studied since their excavation ; and this information he 
 lays distinctly, but without pretension, before the reader. The plates and wood- 
 cuts which the book contains serve their purpose much better than might be 
 anticipated. They are intended to illustrate the subjects to which they refer 
 rather than to be an ornament to the work, which is too often the principal object 
 of ilhistrations. Altogether it is an excellent publication. 
 The M-ork on Egyptian antiquities is of a similar character. 
 
 The History of Jamaica, being a Survey of the Ancient and 
 
 Modern State of that Island, by — Long. 4to. 3 vols. London, 
 1774. Bright calf, gilt, fine. 
 LoAV : The Charities of London, by Samp. Low, Jun. 1 2mo. London, 1 850. 
 
 On Agriculture and Landed Property. 6Ve Agriculture, Works on. 
 
 Lo^'MAX : A Dissertation on the Civil Government of the Hebrews, 
 
 Moses Lowmau. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 174.5. 
 
 A Rational of the Ritual of Hebrew Worship. 8vo. London, 17 
 
 LowxDEs' Bil)liographer's Manual. See Bibliography. 
 
 Report on the Amendment of the Silver Coins. See Money and Coins. 
 
 LowTH : Life of William of Wykeham, by Bishop Lowth. 8vo. Oxford, 
 
 ' 1777. 
 
 Hallam says of this work that " It is in.structive and elegant ; and only to be blamed 
 
 for marks of that academical point of honour which makes a fellow of a college 
 
 too indiscriminate an encomiast of its founder." — (Middle Ages, iii. 81, edit. 1819.) 
 
 A Short Introduction to English Grammar, by Bishop Lowth. 
 
 8vo, London, 1762. Calf, ex., gilt leaves. 
 This was certainly the best English grammar extant when it was published ; and 
 we doubt whether it be not still entitled to that distinction. 
 
 De Sacra Poesi Hebrteorum, Prelectiones. 4to. Oxonii, 17o3. 
 
 Blue mor. Portrait inserted. 
 
 A Letter to the Right Rev. Author of the Divine Legation 
 
 of ]\Ioses, by a late Professor in the University of Oxford, 
 (Lowth). 8vo. Oxford, 176o. 
 This is a verj' pungent and bitter reply by Lowth to an assault made upon him by 
 Warburton iu a Note to the 5th volume of the Divine Legation of Moses. And 
 
 P 
 
226 
 
 LowTH — cont. 
 
 though the controversy redounds but little to the credit of either party, it may be 
 said for Lowth that he was provoked to engage in it, and that he came off vic- 
 torious. Warburton having made some sneering allusions to the place of Lowth's 
 education, the latter replies with equal dignity and eloquence :— " My Lord, I was 
 educated in the University of Oxford. I enjoyed all the advantages, both public 
 and private, which that famous seat of learning so largely affords. I spent many 
 happy years in that illustrious society, in a well regulated course of useful disci- 
 pline and studies, and in the agreeable and improving commerce of gentlemen and 
 of scholars : in a society where emulation without envy, ambition without jea- 
 lousy, contention without animosity, incited industry and awakened genius ; where 
 a liberal pursuit of knowledge, and a generous freedom of thought, was raised, 
 encouraged, and pushed forward, by example, by commendation, and by authority. 
 I breathed the same atmosphere that the Hookers, the Chillingworths, and the 
 Lockes had breathed before : whose benevolence and humanity were as extensive 
 as their vast genius and their comprehensive knowledge ; who always treated their 
 adversai-ies with civility and respect ; who made candour, moderation, and liberal 
 judgment, as much the rule and law, as the subject of their discourse; who did not 
 amuse their readers with empty declamations and fine-spun theories of tolera- 
 tion, while they were themselves agitated with a furious inquisitorial spirit, seizing 
 every one they could lay hold on for presuming to dissent from them in matters 
 the most indifferent, and dragging them through the fiery ordeal of abusive contro- 
 versy. And do you reproach me with my education in this place, and with my 
 relation to this most respectable body ; which I shall always esteem my greates 
 advantage, and my highest honour? " — (p. 64.) 
 
 LoYD. See Overstone, Lord. 
 
 Lucretius. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 LuMiSDEN : Remarks on the Antiquities of Rome and its Environs ; being 
 a Classical and Topographical Survey of the Ruins of that City, by 
 Andrew Lumisden, Esq. 2d edition. 4to. London, 1812. 
 
 " It Is a pleasing and most judicious performance of an ingenious, accomplished, and 
 very learned gentleman. He appears to have enjoyed the united advantages of 
 foreign travel, studious leisure, and polite company." — (Pursuits of Literature, 
 p. 337, ed. 1798.) 
 
 Lyall : Travels in Russia, &c., by Robert Lyall, M.D. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1825. 
 Ltell : Principles of Geology, by Charles Lyell, Esq., F.R.S. ud edition. 
 12mo. 4 vols. London, 1835. 
 
 The same Work. 7th edition. 8vo. London, 1847. 
 
 This is a most able, interesting, and excellent work. It embodies a great variety of 
 information derived partly from reading and partly from observation, and is con- 
 ceived in a truly philosophical spirit. The style and treatment of the subject 
 cannot be too much commended. The work is of the same character with 
 Playfair's Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory; and, though not better written, 
 it is more varied and more interesting. 
 
 Lyon : History of St. Andrew's, Episcopal, Monastic, Academic, and 
 Civil, by the Rev. C. J. Lyon, M.A. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1843. 
 Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Lysons : The Environs of London, being an Historical Account of the 
 Towns, Villages, and Hamlets within Twelve Miles of that 
 Capital, by the Rev. Daniel Lysons, A.M., &c. 4to. 5 vols. 
 London, V.Y. Calf, ex. 
 
 —^ Magna Britannia, being a Concise Topographical Account of the 
 
 several Counties of Great Britain, by the above Writer and 
 Samuel Lysons, F.R.S. 4to. 6 vols. London. V.Y. Calf, ex. 
 
227 
 
 Lytteltox : The History of tho Life of Henry II., niul of the Age in 
 which he lived ; -with a History of tlic Kcvohitions of Enjihiiid 
 from the Death of Edward the Conffssor to the Birtli of llciiry 
 II., by George Lord Lytteltou. 3d edition. 8vo. G vols. 
 London, 1769. 
 
 jNIiseellaneous Works of, by G. E. Ayscough, Esq. 3d edition. 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1776. 
 
 Poetical Works of. 8vo. London, 1801. 
 
 Lyttklton — PniLLiMOUE : IMemoirs and Correspondence of George Lord 
 Ly ttelton, by R. Philliniore. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1845. 
 
 Bound up with the 2d vol. is a tract, ■written with considerable asperity, by J. G. 
 Philliniore, vindicating^ the Work from an attack on it, ascribed to the IJiglit Hon. 
 J. W. Ci-oker, which appeared in the Quarterly Keview for June 1846. A 
 portrait of Lord Ly ttelton is also inserted. 
 
 Lyttox. See Buhver. 
 
 M. 
 
 Mabillox : De Re Diplomatica libri sex, &c. &c., opera et studio Domini 
 Joannis Mabillon, cum Supplemento. Folio. Parisiis, 1681. Old 
 French red mor. 
 
 Vie de. See Ruinart. 
 
 Mahly : CEuvres de IM. I'Abbe Mably, in 12mo, viz. : — 
 
 Le Droit Publique de FEuVope. 3 vols. Paris, 1766. Veau 
 
 fauve. 
 
 Observations sur les Romains. Geneve, 1751. 
 
 sur rilistoire de France. 2 vols. Geneve, 1765. 
 
 sur les Grecs. Geneve, 1749. 
 
 Des Principes des Negociations. La Have, 1767. 
 
 Observations sur le Gouvernement et les Loix des Etats Unis do 
 
 I'Amerique. Amsterdam, 1784. 
 
 De I'Etude de rilistoire. Nouvelle edition. Maestricht, 1778. 
 
 Entretiens de Phocion. Nouvelle edition. Amsterdam, 1767. 
 
 Doutes. See Political Economy. 
 
 The Observations of the Abbe ^lably Sur le Droit Publique de tEurope are held in 
 considerable estimation, and one or two more of his works, contain some just and 
 useful statements and remarks. But, speaking generally, his publications are 
 of little or no value. lie is constantly referring to the institutions of Lycurgus ; 
 equality of fortune, and a community of goods being, in his estimation, indispen- 
 sable to national prosperity. Commerce and the arts are not to be restricted but 
 bani.shed. And yet this shallow sophist was applied to by the Poles to give them 
 council with regard to their laws and institutions ! It is not, however, very likely 
 that anything so absurd as this will recur. The circulation of the Wealth of 
 Nations has made such folly all but impossible. 
 
 Macaulay : Critical and Historical Essays, by the Right Hon. T. B. 
 (Lord) Macaulay. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1843. 
 
 The History of England from the Accession of James II. to tho 
 
 Death of William III. 8vo. 5 vols. London, V.Y. 
 
 The Miscellaneous Writings of. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1860. 
 
 P 2 
 
228 
 
 Macaulay : Biograpliies contributed by, to the Encyclopa3dia Britannica. 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1860. 
 
 The works of IMacaulay are in the highest degree eloquent and interesting, and 
 evince throughout the warmest sympathy for whate%-er is generous, great, or liberal. 
 But he was much better suited for an essayist than a historian. It is singular that 
 in writing his History he seems not to have suspected his defects, or made any 
 attempt to prune the luxuriance of his style. His exaggeration in the Essays is 
 extreme, and in the History it is carried so veiy far as to make it next to impos- 
 sible for him to be at the same time reasonably accurate. We have long been 
 taught to be on our guard against rhetorical historians ; and scepticism was never 
 more necessaiy than in running over the splendid pages of Macaulay. He fre- 
 quently sinks, unconsciously no doubt, but effectually, the character of the historian 
 in that of the partisan. Notwithstanding his anxiety to do justice to principles 
 and individuals, he is too impetuous and too much biassed, his likes and dislikes 
 are too violent, to admit of his being often successful. The whole tone and cast 
 of bis narrative is inconsistent with and averse from the sobriety and wariness 
 required in those who would justly estimate and describe the measures and the 
 men of former, and especially revolutionary times. Macaulay was eager to pro- 
 claim that whoever undertakes to write history is bound to make every effort to 
 discover the exact truth, and to declare it without addition or diminution, how 
 unpopular soever it may happen to be. Yet he has on many occasions either 
 overlooked or very imperfectly performed this plain and obvious duty. And 
 while his prejudices warped or blinded his judgment, he was too ready to sacrifice 
 everything to effect ; and hence the decisive, trenchant character of his statements, 
 even on doubtful or questionable matters. 
 
 It is not, however, with reference only to individuals or party struggles that his 
 statements often diverge from the mark. His inaccuracy extends to matters where 
 there was nothing to tempt him to disguise or conceal the truth. Nothing, for 
 example, can be more marvellously exaggerated than the inconveniences — the 
 universal rise of prices, and the ditSculties of all sorts opposed to the buying and 
 selling of commodities — which he tells us were occasioned by the degraded state 
 of the coin previously to the great recoinage in the reign of William III. 
 (Hist, vii., pp. 249-274, ed. 1858.) But the truth is that gold coin of the value of 
 from 10,000,000/. to 12,000,000/., though entirely overlooked by Macaulay, was 
 then in circulation in England, and was, in fact, the principal standard of value 
 and of price. Silver had already become, in great measure, a subsidiary currency ; 
 and was little, if at all, more degraded than it was through the greater part of the 
 reign of George III. With the exception, indeed, of the exchange and gold, the 
 only things that were rated in silver, no articles rose in price during the period 
 referred to, which, however, they would have done universally had silver coins 
 been the ordinary measures of value. Instead of rising, the prices of some most 
 important articles were considerably reduced at the very time when the degra- 
 dation of the silver coins was greatest. 
 
 Macdonald : General View of the Agriculture of the Hebrides, or 
 Western Isles of Scotland ; Avith Observations on the Means of their 
 Improvement, 8vC., by James Macdonald, A.M. Svo. Edinburgh, 
 1811. 
 
 Macfait : A New System of General Geography, by Ebenezer Mac- 
 fait, M.D. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1780. 
 
 Macgill : Travels in Turkey, Italy, and Russia, during the Years 1803, 
 1804, 1805, and 1806, by Thomas Macgill. 12mo. 2 vols. London, 
 1808. 
 Machiavelli : Tutte I'Opere di ISTiccolo Machiavelli, Segretario e 
 Cittadino Fiorentino, con una Prefazione di Giuseppe Baretti. 
 4to. 3 vols. Londra, 1772. Calf, ex. 
 II Principe di. 8vo. 1813. Half calf, uncut. 
 
L':>9 
 
 MachiaVelli : The Works of Nicholas Mjichiavclli, Secretary of Stiite 
 to the Repuhlic of Florence, translated from the Orijjinals liy Ellis 
 Farneworth, M.A. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1762. Ciilf, ex., II. & B. 
 An excellent translation. 
 
 The writiufTs, especially the " Prince," of ]\[achiavelli, have been the theme of much 
 fruitless discussion. ^lany of the maxims laid down by him are of a most revolting 
 character ; and it has been contended that in statinj; them he had a secret object in 
 view; that they were not really apjirovcd of by him j and that he had proposed 
 them, cither to bring tyrannical froveinment into contempt, by setting forth the base 
 principles by which it is influenced, or to ruin the Medici by teaching them to adopt 
 a repulsive system. But we believe, with Tiraboschi, that there is no room or 
 ground for ascribing any such refined purjOTses to jMachiavelli (Storia della 
 Letteratura Italiana, tomo vii.. parte ii. p. 503, ed. Modena, 1791). His book appears 
 to be neither more nor less than a condensed abstract of the crooked i)olicy that 
 ■was prevalent at the time in all the courts and capitals of Italy. He explains the 
 theory of what was eveiywhere established ; and some of the maxims which he 
 lays down, however objectionable they may now appear, were cordially approved 
 by the vast majority of his contemporaries, including the leaders of the Church, 
 as well as of the civil government. The " Prince " was a favourite book of the 
 Emperor Charles V., and was said to be the Bible of Catherine de Medici. I'ublic 
 morals were essentially corrupt in the age of ^lachiavelli ; and the worst that can 
 be said of him is that he made no attempt to improve them. The first and prin- 
 cipal outcrj' against the " I'rince " did not proceed from his counti-jinen, but fi-ora 
 ■writers on this side the Alps. But it is useless to discuss the question whether 
 Machiavelli did right or wrong in presenting us with a philosophical resuvid of 
 the political doctrines of his country and his day. He cho.se to do this ; and it 
 must be admitted that he has done it admirably well. 
 Mackay : The "Western World, or Travels in the United States in 1846 
 and 1847, by Alexander Mackay, Esq. 2d edition. Post 8vo. 3 vols. 
 London, 1849. Calf, ex. 
 Mackenzie : Travels in Iceland during the Siinnncr of 1810, by Sir G. 
 Steuart ]\Iackenzie, Bart. 4to. P^dinburgh, 1811. 
 
 Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland, from the Restoration of King 
 
 Charles IL, by Sir George Mackenzie. 4to. Edinburgh, 182]. 
 
 Blue mor., ex. 
 Voyages from Montreal, through the Continent of North America, 
 
 to the Frozen and Pacitic Oceau.s, in the Years 1789 and 17S3, 
 
 by Alexander Mackenzie, Esq. 4to. London, 1801. 
 Mackintosh (Sir James), M.P., the Works of, viz. : — 
 
 The Miscellaneous Works of. 8vo. 3 vols. Lon-"^ ,t -o 
 
 don, 1846. I Uniform, 
 
 :Memoirs of the Life of, edited by his Son. 2d edi- f , r ' ^l^' 
 
 tion. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1836. J ^1- « -1^- 
 
 The History of England, from the Flarliest Times to the Final 
 
 Establishment of the Reformation ; a ne-\v edition, revised by 
 his Son, R. J. Mackintosh. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 18.j3. 
 
 Dissertation on the Progress of Ethical Philosophy, chiefly durino- 
 
 the 17th and 18lh Centuries ; with a Preface by the Rev. 
 William Whewell, M.A. 2d edition. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1837. 
 
 Tracts and Speeches by ; including his Dissertation '^ Dc Ac(io//e 
 
 Jlitsmlari" pro gradu doctoris, 1787 ; his Sermon on the death 
 of ^larquis Cornwallis ; Papers from the Proceedings of the 
 Literary Society of Bombay, &c. One of 25 copies privately 
 printed. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1840. 
 Mackintosh (bom 1765, died 1832) had much and varied reading, a wonderful 
 memory, and great eloquence, and might, and should, have done a great deal. 
 
230 
 
 Mackintosh — cont. 
 
 But he executed only a small part of the works which he projected ; and that 
 which he did execute was in general hurriedly written for Encyclopspdias and 
 Keviews, and was not so well finished, or so perfect as it ought to have been. 
 Mackintosh was, in truth, altogether misplaced. He should have been a pro- 
 fessor, with a moderate salary, whereas he was first an Indian judge, and then 
 a member of Tarliament. In this latter capacity, he might have found ample 
 time for literary, political, and philosophical studies, in which his experience 
 of public life would have been of gi-eat advantage. But being a most accom- 
 plished talker, his company was much sought after in high circles, and he was, 
 at the same time, extremely fond of society. Hence he gladly wasted in the 
 saloons and banqueting halls of Holland House and other aristocratic mansions 
 that valuable time, which had it been turned to better account for his own fame 
 and the public interests, would have enabled him to complete the History of Eng- 
 land, and other great works. What he has done shows what he might have done, 
 had he devoted his extraordinary talents entirely to the pursuits in which he was 
 especially fitted to excel. He was veiy ill-treated, in fact all but forgotten, by his 
 political friends when they came into power in 1 830. 
 
 Maclaren : Notes on France and Italy, by Charles Maclaren, Esq. 12mo. 
 Edinburgh, 1839. Privately printed. Mor., H. & B. 
 
 Dissertation on the Topography of the Plain of Troy, including 
 
 an Examination of the Opinions of Demetrius, Chevalier, and 
 
 others. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1822. Calf, ex. 
 The author of these works has been distinguished through a long life by integrity, 
 truthfulness, and firmness of character. He was one of the founders and 
 original proprietors of the Scotsman, a journal which he conducted for many years 
 with an uadeviating adherence to liberal principles and with great success. His 
 style is remarkably neat, clear, and fluent. He has devoted much time and atten- 
 tion to geology, and ranks among the most eminent cultivators of that science. 
 
 Maclaurin : A Complete System of Fluxions, with their Application, &c., 
 by Colin Maclaurin, A.M., Professor of Mathematics in the 
 University of Edinburgh. 4to. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1742. Old 
 calf, gilt, thick paper. 
 
 . An Account of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophical Discoveries. 4to. 
 
 London, 1748. 
 
 . Same Work, in 8vo. 3d edition, London, 1775. Calf, ex. 
 
 A work written with great eloquence, and in a truly philosophical spirit. It was a 
 posthumous publication, and is not quite complete. 
 
 A Treatise of Algebra, in Three Parts. 2d edit. 8vo. London, 
 
 1756. 
 Maclaurin was elected to the chair of Mathematics at the earnest recommendation of 
 Newton, who offered to subscribe a sum of money to facilitate the arrangements for 
 the purpose. This circumstance is happily alluded to in the inscription (said to 
 have been revised by Johnson) on the monument to JSIaclaurin's memory in the 
 Grey Friars' Churchyard, Edinburgh. 
 
 Infi-a situs est 
 
 Colin Maclaurin, 
 
 Mathes. olim in Acad. Edin. Prof. 
 
 Electus ipso Newtono suadente. 
 
 Had it stopped here, the inscription Avould have been all but perfect. But some 
 
 commonplace lines are added. 
 
 Macpherson : The Poems of Ossian. by James Macpherson, Esq. A new 
 
 edition, with the Poetical Works of Macpherson, Notes and Illustrations, 
 
 by Malcolm Laing, Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1805. 
 
 The question in regard to the authenticity of these poems has given rise to a good 
 
 deal of discussion. But, except among a few over-zealous Highlanders, it has long 
 
^MACniEKSOX — rniif. 
 
 been universally admitted that, though a few scraps of them may possibly have 
 been suggested by the old rhymes of the country, they are, speaking generally, 
 unmistakable forgeries. Hume was one of tlie first to appreciate their want of all 
 claim to be considered genuine. The following brief extract of a letter of his to 
 Gibbon (177C) is conclusive of the matter : — 
 
 " I see you entertain a great doubt with regard to the authenticity of the poems of 
 Ossian. You are certainly right in so doing. It is indeed strange that any man 
 of sense could have imagined it possible, that above 20,000 verses, along with 
 numberless historical facts, could have been preserved by oral tradition during fifty 
 generations, by the rudest, perhaps, of all European nations ; tlie most necessitous, 
 the most turbulent, and the most unsettled. Wliere a supposition is so contrary to 
 common sense, any positive evidence of it ought never to be regarded. ^len 
 nxn witli great avidity to give their evidence in favour of what flatters their 
 passions and their national prejudices. You are, therefore, over and above indul- 
 gent to us in speaking of the matter with hesitation." 
 
 " The poems attributed to C)ssian," says Macaulay, " are utterly worthless, except as an 
 edifying instance of the success of a story without evidence, and of a book without 
 merit. They are a chaos of words which present no image, of images which ha^e 
 no archetjpe ; they are without form and void, and darkness is upon the face 
 of them. Yet how many men of genius liave panegyrised and imitated them I" — 
 (Miscellaneous Works, i. 70.) 
 
 This is not a bad specimen of Macaulay overshooting the mark. Though, on the 
 whole, worthless, it is plain that IMacpherson's forgeries must have something of 
 interest about them, otherwise they Avould neither have been panegyrised nor 
 imitated by men of genius. 
 
 Macpherson : An Introduction to the History of Great Britain. 3d 
 edition. 4to. London, 1773. 
 
 History of Great Britain, from the Restoration to the Accession 
 
 of the House of Hanover. ^ 4to. 2 vols. 1775. 
 
 (John, D.D.): Critical Dissertation on the Origin, Antiquities, &c. 
 
 of the Caledonians. 4to. London, 1768. 
 
 Pinkerton refers to these two works and to their authors in tlie most arrogant, and, 
 indeed, abusive tenris (An Inquiry into the Historj- of Scotland, i. .57, edit. 1814). 
 This is of no great consequence, but it is rather to be wondered at, seeing that 
 Gibbon, whom he affected to hold in great respect, had noticed them as follows : — 
 " In the dark and doubtful paths of Caledonian antiquity, I have chosen for my 
 guides two learned and ingenious Highlanders, whom their birth and education 
 had peculiarly qualified for that office. See Critical Dissertations on the Origin, 
 Antiquities, &c., of the Caledonians, by Dr. Jolm Macpherson, London, 1768, 
 in 4to, and Introduction to the History of Great Britain and Ireland, by James 
 Macpherson, Esq., London, 1773, in 4to, 3d edition. iJr. Macpherson was a 
 minister in the Isle of fSkj-e ; and it is a circumstance honourable for the present 
 age, that a work, replete with erudition and criticism, should have been composed 
 in the most remote of the Hebrides."— (Decline and Tall, ii. 526, 4to ed.) 
 
 Annals of Commerce, &c. See Commerce, Works on. 
 
 Mactaggakt : The Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopaedia, or the Original, 
 Antiquated, and Natural Curiosities of the South of Scotland, by John 
 Mactaggart. 8vo. London, 1824. Calf, ex. 
 A singular book, written by a native of Galloway, who was familiar Avith the indivi- 
 duals, customs, superstitions, and prejudices, which he describes. 
 
 Madden : Reflections and Resolutions proper for the Gentlemen of Ire- 
 laud. Svo. Reprint. Dublin, 1816. 
 
 Madox's Histoiy, &c. of the Exchequer. See Taxation, &c.. Works on. 
 Maffei : Verona lliustrata di Marchcse Scipione Maffei in quatro parte. 
 Folio. Verona, 1732. Old red mor., gilt leaves. 
 
232 
 
 Maffei : Same Work. 4to. 4 vols. Verona, 1731. Half Russia, uncut. 
 
 This -work ranks in tlie same class -with the best of those of Muratori. It is divided 
 into four parts. In the first the author traces the history of Verona from the 
 earliest period to the sera of Charlemagne ; and endeavours, at the same time, to 
 exhibit the system of colonization to which the Romans owed a large portion of 
 their conquests, with the history of agriculture and the arts, the state of morals, &c. 
 at different epochs. The second part, devoted to the literary history of Verona, 
 contains accounts of the authors that have belonged to the city in ancient as well 
 as in modern times, and of their works. In the third part Maffei describes the 
 objects of most interest in the city, especially those connected with the fine arts. 
 In the fourth and last part, after describing the amphitheatre of Verona, which is 
 in a peculiarly perfect state, he gives an elaborate history of amphitheatres in 
 general, of the purposes to which they were applied, &c. This last part of the 
 work has been translated into English by Mr. Gordon, and published in 1730. 
 (See Gordon.) It may be added, that besides being elaborated throughout with 
 the greatest care, the work is very well written . 
 
 Storia clella Letteratura Italiana di Giuseppe Maffei. 3za ediz. 
 
 Post 8vo. 2 vols. Firenze, 1853. 
 Mahon, History of England, from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of 
 
 Paris in 1784. See Stanhope. 
 Maitland : The History of Edinburgh from its Foundation to the Present 
 Time, by Wiiham Maitland, F.R.S. Folio. Edinburgh, 1753. 
 Calf, ex. 
 Majoris Historic Britannire, tarn AnglisB quam Scotiae. Editio nova. 
 4to. Edinburgi, 1740. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Malcolm : A Memoir of Central India, including Malwa and the adjoining 
 
 Provinces, by Major-General Sir John Malcolm, G.C.B., &c. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1823. 
 The History of Persia, by Major-General Sir John Malcolm, 
 
 G.C.B., &c. A new edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1829. 
 A New System of Arithmetick, Theoretical and Practical, by 
 
 Alexander Malcolm, M.A. 4to. London, 1730. 
 Travels in South-Eastern Asia, by the Rev. Howard Malcolm, of 
 
 Boston, United States. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1839. 
 
 Malebranchk : La Recherche de la Verite, par N. Malebranche. 12mo. 
 4 vols. Paris, 1735. Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 
 " Nicolas Malebranche, I'un des Peres de I'Oratoire, genie profond, cache sous un 
 exterieur pen avantageux, et incontestablement le plus grand metaphysicien que 
 la France ait produit, developpa les idees de Descartes avec originalite, en les 
 reproduisant sous des formes plus claires et plus animees ; mais son tour d'esprit 
 eminemnient religieux lui fit donner a sa philosophic un caractere mystique 
 qui lui est particulier. La theorie de la connaissance, celle de I'origine des 
 erreurs, surtout des eiTCurs qui tiennent aux illusions de I'imagination, enfin la 
 methode pour bien conduire notre pensce, telles sont les pai-ties dont il a traite 
 avec le plus de succes. INIalebranche admet la theorie de la passivite de 
 I'entendement et de I'activite libre de la volonte ; il considera I'etendue comme 
 I'essence des corps, I'ame comme une substance essentiellement simple, et Dieu 
 comme le fond commun de toute existence et de toute pensee ; ces doctrines 
 I'amenerent a combattre les idees innees par des objections pleines de force, et 
 a soutenir que nous voyons tout en Dieu : Dieu, suivant lui, comprend en soi 
 toutes choses de la manicre dont elles s'ofii'ent a notre intelligence ; il est I'infini 
 de Tespace et de la pensee, le monde intelligible et lieu des esprits. A ces 
 idees, qui sont assez rapprochees du Spinosisme, se rattachent etroitement la 
 doctrine de roceasionalisme fort etendue par Malebranche, doctrine d'apres 
 laquelle il n'accorde aux coitjs et aux Ames qu'une capacite passive, et considere 
 
233 
 
 Malebranche — cont. 
 
 Dieu comme I'linique cause fondamentale de tons les chanf»emeiiR qu'ils 
 Bubissent. Tel est I'idOalisine religieux et luystiiiue aiii)iiel jiarvint ce 
 philosophe ; et Ton j- trouve un example des const''(iiiences d'une confiance 
 aveugle pour la demonstration, adoptee comme base unique de la connaissance 
 philosopliique." — (Tennemann, Manuel de I'Histoire de la Philosophic, par 
 M. Cousin, ii. 113.) 
 
 Malhekbe: Poesies de M. dc, avec sa Vie, &c. NouvcUc edition. 12rao, 
 Barbou, Paris, 1764. Grand papier. Mor., gilt, ex. 
 
 Mallet : Northern Antiquities, or a Description of the Manners, Cnstoms, 
 Religion, and Laws of the Ancient Danes, &c., from Mallet's 
 " Introduction u I'Histoire de Dannemarc." 8vo. 2 vols. 
 London, 1770. 
 
 We are indebted for this work to Dr. Percy, Bishop of Dromore. He has prefixed 
 to it a highly interesting^ Preface, in which he endeavours to show the error of 
 Pelloutier {Histoire (Its Celtea), jMallet, and others, in supposing that the Celts 
 and the Scytha;, or Goths, were the same people ; and thougli of no common 
 diflBculty, such is the learning, ability, and judgment displayed by I'ercy that 
 his dissertation, which only occupies about 48 pages, is generally admitted to 
 have finally disposed of the question, and its publication to have constituted an 
 aera in the history of such investigations. 
 
 Dr. Parr insinuates that Percy was assisted in the writing of this Preface, which 
 may. perhaps, have been the case ; but he gives no grounds for his insinuation. 
 (5te Pinkerton on the Goths, p. 100, &c. ; Parr's Catalogue, p. 373, &c.) 
 
 Histoire de la Philosophic lonienne, par M. S. Mallet. Sec Philo- 
 
 sophy, History of. See, also, Commerce. 
 
 Malte-Brun : Tableau de la Pologqe Ancienne et Moderne, par Malte- 
 Brun, revue et augmente par M. Chodzko. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 
 1830. 
 
 Precis de la Geographie Universelle, on Description de toutos les 
 
 Parties du Monde sur un Plan nouveau, &c. par M. IMalte-Bruii. 
 Nouvelle edition, revue, corrigee, et augnieutee par M. Iluot. 
 8vo. 12 vols. Paris, 1833-37. 
 
 Few sciences, if any, have made such rapid advances during the present century 
 as geography. The Grammars, as they were called, of Salmon and Guthrie, 
 and the corresponding works in France, were wretched compilations, founded 
 upon popular books of travel and history, without order, science, or solid instruc- 
 tion of any kind. Malte-Brun, who, in addition to the ancient, possessed the 
 greater number of the modern languages, and who had the necessary industry and 
 perseverance, detemiined to undertake a general geography on a far more exten- 
 sive, comprehensive, and well-compacted plan than had hitherto been attempted. 
 The first volume appeared in 1810, and was followed at varying inten-als by 
 the others. Its success was equal to its merit. It has been repeatedly reprinted, 
 sometimes with more and sometimes with fewer alterations; and despite the rapid 
 change of circumstances, it Avill form a durable monument of the author's 
 learning and research, and of that practical good sense which, while it avoided too 
 much brevity on the one hand, kept on the other clear of that prolixity which is 
 the vice of not a few writers on this science. It is at all events clear that what- 
 ever diversity may henceforth obtain among the geographical works offered to the 
 public, they will never sink to the level to which they had fallen M-hen those of 
 Malte-Brun appeared. The publication of the latter, 'ny furnishing a standard 
 and an example of excellence, has rendered such a decline impo.ssible. Malte- 
 Brun died before his work was quite completed, but it was finished on his plan. 
 
 Universal Geography, or a Description of the World on a New 
 
 Plan. 8vo. 9 vols. Edinburgh, 1822, &c. 
 
234 
 
 Malte-Brun : Principles of Mathematical and Physical Geography. 2d 
 edition. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1834. 
 
 Malynes and Misselden : Circle of Commerce, &c. See Commerce. 
 
 Mandeville : The Fable of the Bees, or Private Vices Public Benefits, 
 with an Essay on Charity and Charity Schools, and a Search into the 
 Nature of Society, by Bernard Mandeville, M.D. 6th edition. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1732. Old calf, gilt. 
 Though licentious and in many respects objectionable, there are a great number of 
 vahiable remarks, and of just and profound observations in this work, especially 
 with reference to the improvement of arts and the increase of wealth. Mandeville, 
 indeed, by way of establishing his leading doctrine, that " private vices are public 
 benefits," has represented sundry passions and desires as vicious which do not de- 
 serve any such character. Thus the desire to rise in the world, to enjoy an 
 increased command over necessaries and luxm-ies, and to attain to distinction, is 
 said by him to be a vice ; but it would be more correct to call it a cardinal virtue. 
 So long as it is pursued by fair and proper means, and without injury or prejudice 
 to the rights and interests of others, it is worthy of every commendation ; and is, in 
 fact, the prolific source of wealth, science, and civilization. Luxury and ostentation 
 is also one of the vices on which Mandeville lays the greatest stress, as contributing 
 to national opulence. But luxury is a most ambiguous term, and it is very difficult 
 to say when it is or is not censurable. 
 But however incorrect his classification of virtues and vices, and however lax his 
 morality, his book contains a great many paragraphs that strikingly illustrate the 
 progress of society, and may, therefore, be advantageously referred to by the 
 political economist. The famous passage in the first chapter of the " Wealth of 
 Nations " on the extraordinary combination of art, industry, and ingenuity required 
 to furnish the woollen coat and other accommodations of the poorest labom-er in 
 England, may, perhaps, have been suggested by the following paragraph of 
 Mandeville : — 
 " What a bustle is there to be made in several pai-ts of the world, before a fine scarlet 
 or crimson cloth can be produced ; what multiplicity of trades and artificers must 
 be employed ! Not only such as are obvious, as wool-combers, spinners, the 
 weaver, the cloth-worker, the scourer, the dyer, the setter, the drawer, and the 
 packer ; but others that are more remote, and might seem foreign to it, — as the 
 millwright, the pewterer, and the chymist, which yet are all necessary, as well 
 as a great number of other handicrafts, to have the tools, utensils, and other 
 implements belonging to the trades already named. But all these things are done 
 at home, and may be perfoimed without extraordinary fatigue or danger ; the most 
 frightful prospect is left behind, when we reflect on the toil and hazard that are to 
 be undergone abroad, the vast seas we are to go over, the different climates we are to 
 endure, and the several nations we must be obliged to for their assistance. Spain alone, 
 it is true, might furnish us with wool to make the finest cloth ; but what skill and 
 pains, what experience and ingenuity are required to dye it of those beautiful colours ! 
 How widely are the drugs and other ingredients dispersed through the universe that 
 are to meet in one kettle ! Alum, indeed, we have of our own ; argol we might 
 have fi-om the Rhine, and viti-iol fi-om Hungary, all this is in Europe ; but then for 
 saltpetre, in quantity, we are forced to go as far as the East Indies. Cochenille, 
 unknown to the ancients, is not much neai'er to us, though in a quite different part 
 of the earth : we buy it, 'tis true, from the Spaniards ; but not being their product, 
 they are forced to fetch it for us from the remotest corner of the New World in the 
 West Indies. While so many sailors are broiling in the sun, and sweltered with heat 
 in the east and west of us, another set of men are fi-eezing in the north to fetch 
 potashes from Russia." — (i. 411.) 
 
 Manilii Astronomicon. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 Manners and Customs of the Romans, from the French. 8vo. London, 
 1740. 
 
 Manning : Coimiientaries on the Law of Nations, by "Wm. Oke Man- 
 ning, Esq. 8vo. London, 1839. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 A comprehensive and well-written compendium. 
 
23:. 
 
 M.VNSTEix : ^Monioirs of Russ'm, from tlio Yoai- 1727 (<) llio Year 1744, 
 translated from the Original Manuscri])t of the Baron do ^lanstein. 
 Illustrated with IMaps and Plans. 4to. 2d ed. London, 1773. Russia. 
 This work was transinitfod to the press by the celebrated David Hume, who has pre- 
 fixed to it the following notice, viz. : — 
 " The following: Memoirs were sent nie from Berlin by the Earl IMarshal, with a 
 desire that they should be published in England. They are written by the 
 IJaron de Manstein, a German by birth, who served in the Russian army, 
 and was an eye-witness to mo.st of the incidents which he relates. He afterwards 
 died a general officer in the Prussian service. The ilcmoirs were originally com- 
 posed in the French language ; but as the author was a foreigner, and a military 
 man, they were less remarkable for elegance of expression than for candour, good 
 sense, and impartiality. For this reason, as the bookseller thought that an 
 edition in English would be more agreeable to the British reader than the 
 original French, I gave my consent to the publication of the work in the present 
 translation, and I hope it will prove both entertaining and instructive. It con- 
 tains the history of Hnssia during an interesting period, which is not generally 
 known. The narration breathes a manly spirit, M'hich will not easily evaporate 
 in any translation ; and as the work is authentic, it seems well entitled to the 
 attention of the public. — David Hume." 
 
 Mapes : The Latin Poems commonly attributed to Walter Mnpes, edited 
 by Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A. 4to. London, 1841. Halfmor. 
 
 Marcet (Mrs.) : Conversations. See Political Economy. 
 
 MARcn.vxD : Dictionnaire Historique et Critique, par M. Prosp. Mar- 
 chand. Folio. 2 vols, in 1. La Haye, 1758. 
 
 ]\Iarco Polo. See Marsden and MuiTay. 
 
 Maritime LA"v^', Neutrality, &c. : — 
 
 Abbott : A Treatise of the Law relative to Merchant Ships and 
 
 Seamen, by Charles Abbott (afterwards Lord Tcnterden). 
 The 9th edition, with large Additions, by Sergeant Shee. Royal 
 8vo. London, 18o4. 
 
 Abreu : Trattado Juridico-Politico sobre Pressas de Mar y 
 
 Calidades que debeu Concurrir para Hacerse legitimamente el 
 Corso, por Don Felix Joseph de Abreu y Lertodanu. Small 
 4to. Cadiz, 1746. Yellow mor., ex. 
 This valuable work, which is much less known in this countiy than it deserves to 
 be, was translated into French, and published in 2 vols. 12mo, Paris, 17.58. It 
 may, perhaps, be woith mentioning that the reports and approvals of the various 
 censors and licensers by whom the original work was examined before its publi- 
 cation occupy no fewer than 34 pages. Some of them are choice specimens of 
 pedantrv'. Having been appointed Secretary to the Spanish Ecgation in London, 
 Abreu afterwards became Ambassador from Spain to the British Court. He 
 died in 1766. 
 The Spanish Foedera, or Coleccion de Tratados de Paz, folio, 12 vols. Madrid, 1740- 
 1751, is often ascribed to the author of the Pressas de IMar. It was not, however, 
 his work, but that of his father, Don Joseph Antonio de Abreu. The latter 
 died in 1775, having survived his son nine years.— (Corney's remarks on New 
 Biog. Uictionarj', p. 12.) 
 
 Azuni : Origine et Progres du Droit de la Legis- ' 
 
 lation Maritime, etc., par M. D. A. 
 
 Azuni. 8vo. Paris, 1810. 
 Droit Maritime de I'Europc. 8vo. 2 vols. , w 
 
 Paris, 1805. > ,"1"^^; f ''•' 
 Systeme Universel des Amiemciis en I -liayJay. 
 
 Cour.se, et des Corsaires en Terns de 
 
 Guerre. Bvo. Genes, 1817. J 
 
 Unifor 
 
 •in. 
 
236 
 
 Maritime Law, Neutrality, &c. — cont. 
 
 '■ Capmany : Codigo de las Costumbres Maritimas de Barcelona, 
 
 hasta aqui viilgarniente llamado Libro del Consolato, uueva- 
 mente traducido al Castellano, &c., por Don Antonio de Cap- 
 many. 4to. 2 vols. Madrid, 1791. 
 
 1 Chitty : The Law of Nations, relative to the Legal Effect of War 
 
 on the Commerce of Belligerents and Neutrals, by Joseph 
 Chitty. 8vo. London, 1812. 
 
 Cleirac : Us et Coutumes de la Mer, contenant les Jugemens 
 
 d'Oleron, les Ordonnances de Wisbuy, de la Hanse Teutonique, 
 Le Guidon de la Mer, etc., par Etieune Cleirac. 4to. Rouen, 
 1671. 
 
 This is a rare and valuable work. It is tnie that most part of the treatises embodied 
 in it are now published in the great -work of Pardessus ; but as it contains the text 
 of the Guidon dela Mer, (previously printed copies of which are extremely scarce,) 
 with many valuable notes of Cleirac, it will always be eagerly sought after. 
 
 Kent notices the Guidon as follows, viz. :^" The earliest work extant on insurance 
 is the celebrated French treatise entitled Le Guidon. It was digested and pre- 
 pared some centuries ago, by a person whose name is unknown, for the use of the 
 merchants of Kouen. It was published by Cleirac in 1671, in his collection 
 entitled Les Us et Coutumes de la Mer; but it was a production of a much earlier 
 date, and it contains decisive evidence that the law of insurance had become, in 
 the sixteenth century, a regular science. Emerigon viewed it as containing the 
 true principles of nautical jurisprudence, and as valuable for its wisdom, and 
 for the great number of principles and decisions which it contained. When 
 Cleirac gave to the world his revised and corrected edition of the Guidon, he 
 regretted that he was not able to rescue from oblivion the name of an author wno 
 had conferred signal honour on his country, by the merit and solidity of his pro- 
 duction, though it wanted the taste and elegance of later ages." — (Com. and 
 Marit. Law, p. 334.) 
 
 Co'mmentarii Peckii in tit. Digestorum et Codicis ad Rem 
 
 Nauticam pertiueutes, cum Notis Viuii. Svo. Amstelodami, 
 1668. Thuanus' copy. 
 
 Galiani : De Doveri de' Principi Neutrali verso i Priucipi Guer- 
 
 reggianti, et di cjuesti verso i Principi Neutrali, di Ferdinando 
 Gaiiani. 4to. Napoli. 1782. 
 
 Hubner : De la Saisie des Batimens Neutres ; ou, du Droit qu'ont 
 
 les Nations Belligerantes d'Arreter les Navires des Peoples 
 Amis, par M. Hubner. 12mo. 2 vols. La Haye, 1759. 
 
 This is an acute and clever work. Being a professor in a university (Copen- 
 hagen) in a countrj' which v.ould derive the greatest advantage from the recog- 
 nition of the claims of neutrals, it was natural that Hubner should carrj- their 
 pretensions to the farthest extent ; and he is the ablest and most distinguished of 
 those who have taken this side of the question. The principle for which he con- 
 tended, that the flag covers the cargo (gue le pavilion couvre la inarchandise) has 
 been embodied in the resolutions on Maritime Law, agreed to at Paris in 1856, with 
 the exception, which probably he would have conceded, of articles contraband of 
 war. In truth and reality, however, this exception, without which the undoubted 
 rights of belligerents would have been set aside, goes far to nullify the entire con- 
 cession. Contraband articles may, and we think ought, to embrace a very wide 
 range, including all those articles that are necessary to the well-being of a nation 
 which it imports by sea. An enemy of this countiy would be entitled to include 
 cotton, corn, tea, and sugar in the list of contraband articles; for the being 
 deprived of any one of these would make us less disposed to continue the contest 
 by which it was cut off, and more disposed to accept of reasonable tenns of accom- 
 modation. For a further discussion of this subject, see art. " Neutrality " in the 8th 
 edition of Encv. Britannica. 
 
237 
 
 Maritime Law, Neitiiality, &c. — cont. 
 
 Kent : A Prartioal Treatise ol" Commercial and Maritime Law, by 
 
 James Kent. LL.D. 8vo. EdinUurfrli, 1837. Calf, ex. 
 Kent's Coinincntaiics have long enjoyed a very high reputation in England as 
 well as in the United States. Mr. Arnould eulogizes their •'comprehensive 
 learning and lucid brevity" (Insurance, i. 489). The treatise now before us 
 comprises that portion of the Commentaries which has reference to commercial 
 and maritime law. 
 
 Lampredi : Del Commercio dei Popoli Neutrali in Tempo di 
 
 Guerra, trattato di Gio. M. Lamprcdi. Svo. 2 parte, 
 in 1 vol. Firenze, 1788. 
 
 The same Work in French, by Peuchet, Svo. Paris, 
 
 1802. 
 
 Loccenii libri III. de Jure Maritimo et Navali. Editio secunda. 
 
 12mo. Iloliniie, 16.52. 
 A vorv learned and excellent abridgment of the leading principles on the subject. 
 
 Malynes : Consuetudo vel Lex Mercatoria ; or the Ancient Law 
 
 INIerchant, &c., by Gerard Malynes, with sundry Treatises and 
 Collections of Ancient Sea Laws, &c. Folio. London, 1686. 
 
 Martens : Essai concernant les Armateurs, les Prises et les Re- 
 
 prises, par Martens. Svo. Gottingen, 1795. 
 
 The same Work in English, by the Rev. T. H. Home. 
 
 Svo. London. 
 
 Molloy : De Jure Maritimo et Navali ; or a Treatise of Affairs 
 
 Maritime and of Commerce, by Charles Molloy. 9th edition. 
 Svo. 2 vols. London, 1769. 
 
 Newcastle (Duke of) : Lettei' to M. Michell, Secretary to the 
 
 Prussian Embassy. 4to. London, l7o3. 
 This Letter was written by the Law OflBcers of the Crown, most probably by 
 Murray, then Solicitor-General, and afterwards Earl Mansfield, in answer to a 
 claim put forward by the King of Prussia, Frederick the Great. It is said, by 
 Montesquieu, to be a " Roponse sans Keplique." 
 
 Ordinanzas de las Armadas Navales de Aragon aprobados por el 
 
 Rey D. Pedro IV., ano 1354, con un Introduccion del Editor. 
 4to. Madrid, 1787. Half calf, uncut. 
 
 Pardessus : Collection de Lois Maritimes Anterieures au 
 
 XVIII"*'^ Siecle, par M. Pardessus. 4to. 6 vols. Paris, 
 
 1828, &c. 
 The extensive learning, industry, and good sense of M. Pardessus are conspicuous 
 in everj' part of this publication. It has thrown into the shade and completely 
 superseded every other collection of maritime laws. It contains the original text, 
 with a French translation, of the spurious compilation, entitled Jus Navale Kho- 
 diorum, and of the Consolato del Mare, the Kooles of Oleron, the Laws of Wisbuy, 
 of the Ilanse Towns, and, in fact, of all the laws and fi-agments of laws relating to 
 navigation from the earliest times; and these are accompanied with critical disser- 
 tations and notes, in which their authenticity and history are elaborately dis- 
 cussed, and their obscurities and apparent contradictions pointed out and 
 explained. It is impossible, indeed, to speak in too high terms of this truly 
 excellent work. 
 
 Pastoret : Dissertation sur ITnfluence des Loix Maritimes des 
 
 Rhodiens, par M. Pastoret. Svo. Paris, 1784. 
 . Rcddie : Researches, Historical and Critical, in Maritime Interna- 
 tional Law, by James Reddie, Esq., Advocate. Svo. 2 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1844-45. 
 
238 
 
 Maritime Law, Neutrality, &c. — cont 
 
 Rocci (Fran.), De Navibus et Naulo, item de Assecurationibus 
 
 Notabilia. Edit. nova. 12mo. Ultrajecti, 1708. 
 
 Kent says, " The treatise of Eoccus on Insurance has been universally regarded as 
 a text-book of great authority." — (Treatise on Commercial and Maritime Law, 
 p. 334.) 
 
 Seldeni, Mare Clausum, seu de Dominio Maris, libri duo. 12mo. 
 
 Amst., Elzev., 1636. Mor., Thouvenin. 
 
 The Dominion or Ownership of the Sea, translated into English 
 
 from the Mare Clausum of John Selden, Esq. ; with additional 
 Evidences and Discourses, by Marchmout Nedham. Published 
 by special command. Folio. London, 1652. 
 
 There are many very questionable positions in this book, -which, as might be antici- 
 pated from the author, are supported with a great deal of learning, and some 
 ingenuity. 
 
 Schomberg : A Treatise on the Maritime Laws of Ehodes, by 
 
 Alexander C. Schomberg, M.A. 8vo. Oxford, 1786. 
 
 Stephen : War in Disguise, or the Frauds of Neutral Flags, by 
 
 James Stephen, Esq. 8vo. London, 1806. 
 
 Tetens : Considerations sur les Droits Eeciproques des Nations 
 
 Belligerantes, et des Puissances Neutres sur Mer, par M. Jean N. 
 Tetens. Post 8vo. Copenliague, 1805. 
 
 Valin : Nouveau Commentaire sur I'Ordonnance de la Marine du 
 
 Mois d'Aout 1681, par Rene Josue Valin. 2de edition. 4to. 
 2 vols. La Rochelle, 1776. 
 
 The Ordonnance de la Marine of 1681 comprises the most complete and well- 
 digested system of maritime jurisprudence that has ever appeared. It was compiled, 
 imder the direction of Colbert, by individuals of great talent and learning, after a 
 careful revision of all the ancient sea laws of France and other countries, and 
 upon consultation with the different parliaments, the Courts of Admiralty, and 
 the chambers of commerce of the different towns, so that it combines whatever 
 experience and the wisdom of ages had shown to be best in the Roman law, and 
 in the institutions of the maritime states of modem Europe. The first Earl of 
 Liverpool characterized it as " the wisest and best digested system of naval laws 
 which the spirit of legislation hath ever yet produced " (Discourse on Neutrals, 
 p. 32). And a still higher authority, the late Lord Tenterden, says, in the preface 
 to his Treatise on the Law of Shipping, " If the reader should be offended at the 
 frequent references to this Ordinance, 1 must request him to recollect that those 
 references are made to the maritime code of a great commercial nation, which has 
 attributed much of its national prosperity to that code, a code composed in the 
 reign of a politic prince (Louis XIV.), under the auspices of a wise and en- 
 lightened minister, by laborious and learned persons, who selected the most 
 valuable principles of all the maritime laws then existing, and which, in matter, 
 method, and style, is one of the most finished acts of legislation that ever was 
 promulgated." 
 
 "Valin, the commentator of this celebrated Ordinance, was procurator for the King in 
 the Court of Admiralty in La Rochelle, where he died in 176.5 ; and besides being 
 a profound lawyer, was distinguished by his taste in literature. The commentary 
 is detailed and elaborate ; and it is not easy to say which is most worthy of 
 admiration, the learning or the sagacity and good sense of the writer. Lord 
 Mansfield was indebted for no inconsiderable poi'tion of his superior knowledge of 
 the principles of maritime jurisprudence to a careful study of Valin's work. 
 
 That part of the Code de Commerce which treats of maritime affairs is copied, with 
 very little alteration, from the Ordinance of 1681. Valin is also the author of the 
 following valuable work on Prize Law. 
 
239 
 
 Makitime Laav, Neitralitv, kc.—conf. 
 
 Yalin : Priiicipos do la Jurispriulenoo Frnn^aiso, ooncornant Ics 
 
 Prisos qui so font an iMor. Hvo. 2 vols. La Hochollo, 17().'5. 
 
 Ward: A Troatiso of tlio Kolative Rights and Dutios of HoUi- 
 
 irorcnt and IVoutral Powors in Maritime Ali'airs, hy Robert 
 Ward, Es.i. 1801. And 
 
 A Treatise on Contraband, being a Continuation of the prc- 
 
 eeding Work. 1801. Together, 1 vol. 8vo. Calf, ex. 
 
 Wedderkopiilntroductio in JusNauticura. 4to. Flensburgi, 1757. 
 
 Pardessiis says of this work tiiat it is le plus par/ait abrdgd qui cxiste cles principes 
 
 du droit maritime. 
 Two tracts are included alongf with Wedderkop's treatise in this volume, viz., 
 Discours sur Ics Consuls; Hamburg, 1751 ; and an elaborate essay of Meier, 
 De Assecuratioiiibus ; Bremen, 1739. 
 
 Marlborough, The Opinions of Sarah, Duehcss of. 12mo. London, 
 
 1788. Calf, ex. Uneut. 
 M.\RMOXTEL, a<^u\TCs Choisies de M., avec une Notice sur sa Vic et ses 
 
 Ouvrages, par St. Surin. Svo. 12 vols. Paris, 1824. Calf, ex., II. 
 Marmora : Voyage en Sardaigne de 1819 a 1825; ou, Description Statis- 
 tique, Physique, et Politique de cette He, &c., par le Chevalier de la 
 ISIarmora. Svo. Paris, 1826. Calf, ex. 
 Marriage : Report on a Case of Legitimacy under a Putative Marriage, 
 by Robert Bell, Esq., Advocate. Svo. Edinburgh, 1825. 
 There is bound up with this Report a very learned tract by Kepp, being a Historical 
 Treatise on Trial by Jury, Wager of Law, and other Co-ordinate Forensic Insti- 
 tutions in Scandinavia and Iceland, Svo. Edinbm-gh, 1832. 
 Marryat : See Insurance, Works on. 
 
 Collection towards a History of Pottery and Porcelain, by Joseph 
 
 Marryat, Esq. Svo. London, 1850. Uncut, dark blue mor., gilt. 
 Marsden : The History of Sumatra, by William Marsdeu,-\ ]^j„ifoi.m 
 
 F.R.S. 3d edition. 4to. Loudon, 1811 
 The Travels of Marco Polo, a Venetian, in the 13th 
 
 light calf, 
 gilt. 
 
 Century, with Notes, 8tc. 4to. London, 1818.. 
 Marshall : Travels in Holland, &c., in 1768-69-70, by Joseph Marshall, 
 Esq. 2d edition. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1773. 
 
 on Insurance. See Insurance, Works on. 
 
 Martens : Precis du Droit des Gens Modernes de I'Europe, fonde sur les 
 Traites et 1' Usage, par G. F. de Martens. 3me edition, revue et 
 augmentce. Svo. Gottingen, 1821. 
 
 The same Work in English, by Cobbett. Svo. London, 1802. 
 
 Precis du Droit des Gens. Nouvelle edition, avec des Notes de 
 
 Pinheiro-Ferreira, &c., par M. Verge. Post Svo. 2 tomes. 
 Pari.s 1858. 
 
 This is reckoned the best edition of this valuable work. It is, however, encumbered 
 with commentaries. The greater number of those of M. Tinheiro-Ferreira might 
 have been advantageously omitted. 
 
 Notwithstanding its brevity, this Precis is said by a very competent judge " to be the 
 most complete treatise that exists on the law of nations, as recognised by the 
 States of Europe. It embraces every topic of usual discussion on the subject, and 
 embodies a vast store of information, deduced alike from the writings of preceding 
 authors, and from public documents relating to the text. It is, perhaps, of more 
 frequent reference than any other treatise, and it is valuable to every student ; the 
 short account of the subject given in the text ofiferiug sufficient information to 
 
240 
 
 ]\1aktens — cont. 
 
 those who want only a slight view of the question, and the notes affording an 
 index for further research to those who wish to pursue a deeper investigation." — 
 (:klanning on the Law of Nations, p. 34.) The translation by Cobbett is 
 deserving of everj' commendation. 
 Martexs : Essai concevnant les Armateurs. See Maritime Law, &c. 
 
 Manuel Diplomatique, ou Precis des Droits et des Fonctions des 
 
 Agents Diplomatiques, par le Baron Ch. de Martens. 8vo. 
 Paris, 1822. 
 
 , Recueil Manuel et Pratique de Traites, Conventions, et autres 
 
 Acte? Diplomatiques, par le Baron de Martens et le Baron Ferd. 
 de Cussj. 8vo. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1846. 
 Maktix : Explication de Divers Monumens Singuliers qui ont rapport a la 
 Religion des plus Anciens Peuples, etc., par Dom. Jacq. Martin. 
 4to. " Paris, 1739. Orange morocco, ex. 
 
 . Statistics of tlie Colonies of the British Empire, by R. M. Martin, 
 
 Esq. Large 8vo. London, 1839. 
 
 . A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland, &c., by M. 
 
 Martin. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1716. Calf, ex. 
 This is a curious as wdl as a scarce work. It mixes up a great deal of authentic 
 information with respect to the condition of the Islands and their inhabitants 
 at the time, with many stories regarding the second sight and their other super- 
 stitions. Johnson (Works, xii. 365) appears, as might be anticipated, more 
 than half inclined to believe in the capacity of the seers to foresee and foretell 
 events. But the difiusion of education and the more general intercourse with 
 straniTers has already greatly diminished, and will, no doubt, in the end entirely 
 dispel, this singular delusion. 
 . Voyage to St. Kilda. 4th edition. 8vo. London, 1753. 
 
 Mascovh (Jo. Jac.) : De Foederibus Commerciorum, &c. Dissertationes. 
 
 4to. Lipsise, 1751. 
 Masox : The Works of William Mason, M. A, 8vo. 4 vols. Loudon, 1811. 
 
 The English Garden, a Poem in Four Books, by, &c. A new 
 
 edition, with a Commentary and Notes, by W. Burgh, LL.D. 
 8vo. York, 1783. Calf, ex. 
 
 . A Treatise shewing the Nature and Benefit of the Important 
 
 Science of Self-Knowledge, by John Mason, A.M. 8vo. 
 London, 1745. Uncut, calf ex. 
 
 _« Three Tracts by the above on Elocution, and on the Power and 
 
 Harmony of Numbers in Poetical and Prose Compositions, in 
 1 vol. 8vo. London, 1748-49. Very scarce. 
 IVIasset : The Origin and Progress of Letters, by W. Massey. 8vo. Lon- 
 don, 1763. 
 
 , The History of England during the Reign of George III,, by 
 
 William Massey, M.P. 8vo. 3 vols, (bringing down the 
 history to 1793). London, 1855-60. 
 This work will, when finished, be by far the best history of the reign of George III. 
 It is written in a concise and lucid style. Though a whig, the author does not 
 conceal or gloss over the faults of that party and its leaders, while he does full 
 justice to their opponents. The work is, indeed, remarkable for its fairness ; and 
 it throws much light on various matters which have hitherto been involved in a 
 good deal of obscurity. The progress of social life and manners from the middle 
 ages downwards, and their state between the Restoration and the accession of 
 George III., forms the subject of the first chapter of the second volume, which is 
 alike comprehensive and interesting. 
 
241 
 
 Massie, Joseph, Tracts by, viz.: — 
 
 1. A Plan for the Establishment of Charity Houses for Exposed or" 
 
 Deserted Women, &c., with Considerations on the Poor and 
 Poor Laws of England, by J. IMassie, 1758. 
 
 2. Observations, Explanations, ^c., relating to the Establishment, 
 
 most hmnbly proposed, for His Majesty's Marine Forees. 
 
 3. Further Observations concerning the Foundling Hospital, to 
 
 •which are prefixed fonner Obser\ations concerning the said 
 Hospital, 1759. 
 
 4. Reasons humbly offered against Laying any further British 
 
 ])utics on Wrought Italian Silks, 1758. 
 
 5. A State of the British Sugar Colony Trade, 1759. 
 
 6. A Representation concerning the Knowledge of Commerce as a 1- 4to. 1 vol. 
 
 National Concern, with ijrojjer Means of Promoting such Know- 
 ledge in this Kingdom, 1760. 
 
 7. Observations relating to the Coin of Great Britain, whereunto is 
 
 annexed Sir William Petty's Quantulumcunque concerning 
 Sloney, 1760. 
 
 8. Reasons hvmibly offered against Laying any farther Tax upon 
 
 Malt or Beer, 1760. 
 
 9. Brief Observations concerning the IVIanagement of the AVar and 
 
 the Means to Prevent the Ruin of Oreat Britain. 
 10. Obscr^^ations relating to British and Spanish Proceedings, &c. 
 1762. 
 
 1. An Essay on the Governing Causes of the Natural Rate of" 
 
 Interest, wherein the Sentiments of Sir William Petty and Mr. 
 Locke on that Head are Considered, 1750. 
 
 2. Observations on Mr. Fauquier's Essay on Ways and Means, &c. 
 
 1756. 
 
 To wliich is added, an Account of several National Advan- 
 tages derived from the Nobiiity and Gentry living in 
 London a Greater Part • f the Year than their Ancestors J. 8vo. 1 vol. 
 did, 1756. 
 
 3. Calculations of Taxes for a FaR ly of each Rank, Degree, or Class 
 
 for One Year, 1756. 
 
 4. A Letter to Bourchier Cleeve, ;i)sq., concerning his Calculations 
 
 of Taxes, 1757. 
 
 5. The Proposal, commonly called Sir Matthew Decker's Scheme, for 
 
 One General Tax upon Houses, laid open, 1757. 
 
 Massillox : Les CEuvres de Messire J. B. Massillon, Evwiue de Clermont. 
 12mo. 15 vols. 1746. Veau fauve, gilt leaves, uniform with Bourdaloue. 
 
 The greatest and most eloquent of French preachers has been briefly, yet admirably 
 characterised by Ancillon :- — "II etait reserve a^Iassillon, de siiisir toute I't'tendue 
 de I'art, d'Obranler a la fois toutes les fibres de I'esprit et du cceur pour fairc' 
 triompher la virite. Jamais homme n'a jete la sonde dans le coeur huniain d'une 
 main plus sure et plus delicate, avec plus d'habilete et plus de cette bonto touch- 
 ante qui rassure sur I'usage qu'il fera de ses decouvertes. Ses admirable discours 
 sont une lutte continuelle de I'orateur avec les passions ; 11 les atteint sous toutes 
 les formes qu'elles empruntent ; il les saisit, les arrote, les oblige a raisonner avec 
 lui, les serre de pres, demele leurs artifices, et les contraint a signer elles-memes 
 I'arret de leur condamnation ; d'autres se contentent de prouver qu'il ne faut pas 
 vivre sous I'empire des passions ; il fait mieux, il vous en degoiite et vous les 6te. 
 Majesteux et clair, quand il etablit le dogme ; doux, tendre, entrainant, quand il 
 peint les chamies de la vertu ; vehement, imprtueux, terrible, quand il foudroie 
 les passions; il est le Racine de I'lloquence. Comme lui il a tons les tons; comma 
 lui il est toujours egalement parfait." — (Tableau des Revolutions, iv. p. 233.) 
 
 Mathias : The Pur.suits of Literature 
 4to. London, 1812. Russia, ex. 
 
 a Satirical Poem. 16th edition. 
 
242 
 
 Mathias : Pursuits of Literature, with tlie Progress of Satire, and a 
 Translation of the Greek and Latin Passages in the former. 
 7th ed. of Pursuits. 8vo, London, 1798. liussia. 
 Presentation copy from the Author to Dr. Nares. 
 
 Anotlier copy. Eed mor. 
 
 The number of editions referred to above, is a sufficient proof of the extraordinary 
 popularity of this work. It owed this distinction to various causes, partly, but in 
 a very inferior degree, to the goodness of the verse ; partly and principally 
 to the notes, which are written with extreme pungency ; and partly to the strong 
 antigallican, or anti-republican politics of the writer. The verse is in truth little 
 more than a vehicle for the notes. These are often extremely personal, and some- 
 times unjust ; but, on the whole, they are vastly well done. In a work of this 
 sort, fairness is not to be looked for. It is enough, if facts be not mis-stated. 
 Tastes, principles, and opinions are all fair game. 
 
 Maton : Observations relative to the Natural History, Picturesque 
 Scenery, and Antiquities of the Western Counties of England in 1794 
 and 1796, by W. G. Maton, M.A. 8vo. 2 vols. Salisbury, 1797. 
 
 Matthews : Diary of an Invalid, by Henry Matthews, A.M. 8vo. 
 London, 1820. 
 
 Maundeville : The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundeville, Knt., 
 which treateth of the Way to Hierusalem, and of the Marvayles of 
 Inde, &c. 8vo. London, 1727. Old calf, fine. 
 
 Maundrell : A Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, at Easter, A.D. 1697, 
 by Henry Maundrell, M.A, 6th edition. 8vo. Oxford, 1740. 
 " Un des meilleurs morceaux, sans contredit, qu'on ait dans ce genre." — (D'Anville, 
 Memoire sur Jerusalem, p. 270.) 
 
 Maury ; Histoij-e des Religions de la Grece Antique, depuis leur Origine 
 jusqu'a leur complete Constitution. 8vo. 3 vols. Paris, 
 1857-59. Half Russia, uncut. 
 
 Essai sur les Legendes Pieuses du Moyen Age, par &c. 8vo. 
 
 Paris, 1843. 
 Mawe : Travels in the Interior of Brazil, &c., by John Mawe, Esq. 
 2d edition. 1 vol. 8vo. London, 1822. 
 
 A Treatise on Diamonds and Precious Stones, by John Mawe. 
 
 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1823. 
 Max MtJLLER : Suggestions for Learning the Languages of the Seat of 
 
 War in the East, by Max Miiller, M.A., with an Ethnological Map. 
 
 Bvo. London, 1854. 
 Mat : A Treatise upon the Law, Privileges, Proceedings, and Usage of 
 
 Parliament, by T. E. May, Esq. 8vo. London, 1844. 
 Mayer : Mexico, Aztec, Spanish, and Republican ; with a view of the 
 
 Ancient Aztec Empire and Civilization, &c., by Brantz Mayer (of the 
 
 American Legation). 8vo. 2 vols. Hartford, (U.S.,) 1852. 
 
 M'Crie : Life of John Knox, containing Illustrations of the History of 
 the Reformation in Scotland, &c., by Thomas M'Crie, D.D. 
 6th edition. 8vo, Edinburgh, 1839. 
 
 „. The Life of Andrew Melville, containing Illustrations of the 
 
 Ecclesiastical and Literary History of Scotland during the 
 Latter Part of the 16th and the Beginning of the 17th Century. 
 8vo. 2 vols, London, 1819. 
 
243 
 
 M'Crie : History of tlic Progress and Suppression of the Reformation in 
 Italy in the 16th century. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1827. 
 
 History of the Progress and Suppression of the Keformation in 
 
 Spain in the 16th century. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1829. Uniform 
 calf, ex., II. & B. 
 
 Though written with a strong puritanical bias, these are really valuable works. 
 They discover a {ireat amount of conscientious research, and have thrown much 
 light on the important subjects to which they refer. The Life of Knox, which 
 was the first of the series, has enjoyed a considerable degree of popularity. Not- 
 withstanding the efforts of the author, who exerts himself to prove the contrary, 
 it is abundantly certain that Knox was a gloomy, unrelenting, intolerant bigot. 
 It is probable, however, that his bigotry fitted him the better for the work in 
 which he was engaged ; and that had he been of a more liberal character the 
 Scottish Keformation would have been less eflPectual. It is, however, to be 
 regretted that a good deal of the intolerance of the period of the Reformation, 
 and of the subsequent struggle with the despotism of the Stuarts, should have 
 descended to our own times. 
 
 The accounts of the failure of the attempts to introduce the Reformation into 
 Italy and Spain are both interesting and instructive. That they did not succeed 
 was the most unfortunate thing that could have happened for these countries. 
 
 M'CuLLOCH : A Dictionary, Geographical, Statistical, and Historical, of 
 the Principal Countries, Places, and Natural Objects in tho 
 World, by J. R. M'Culloch. A new edition. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 London, 1854. 
 
 A Descriptive and Statistical Account of the British Empire, 
 
 exhibiting its Extent, Physical Capacities, Population, Industry, 
 and Civil and Religious Institutions. 3d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 London, 1847. 
 
 Sir Robert Peel was kind enough to permit me to dedicate this work to him on my 
 intimating a wish to that eficct. The note I had from him on that occasion is 
 inserted in the first volume, with another which he sent me on receiving a copy of 
 the book. 
 
 Same Work. 4th edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1854. See, 
 
 also, Commerce, Money, Political Economy, Taxation, &c, 
 
 Biographical Tracts by, including Notices of Quesnay, Adam 
 
 Smith, Ricardo, Macvey Napier, Thomas Thomson, James 
 Stuart, Archibald Hastie, and George M'llaifie. In 1 vol., 
 uncut, half calf. 
 
 Mead': The Medical Works of Richard Mead, M.D. 4to. London, 1762. 
 Old calf, gilt. 
 
 See Bibliography. 
 
 Medals : A Critical Essay on Modern Medals, with some Reflections on 
 the Taste and Judgment of the Ancients. 12mo. London, 
 1704. 
 
 The Knowledge of Medals, or Instructions for those who api)ly 
 
 themselves to the Study of Medals. 8vo. Loudon, 1715. 
 
 Mediterranean : Papers, partly printed and partly MS., in regard to the 
 Trade of the Mediterranean. Folio. See Smyth. 
 A very valuable collection. 
 
 Meiners : Histoire de la Decadence des Moours chcz les Romaius, da 
 rAllemand de C. Meiners. 12mo. Paris, 1795. 
 
 Q 2 
 
244 
 
 Meiners : Histoire de rOrigine, des Progres, et de la Decadence des 
 Sciences dans la Grece, traduite de TAllemand de Meiners, 
 par J. Cli. Laveaux. 8vo. 5 vols. Paris, an vii, 1799. 
 ■ Recherches Historiques sur le Luxe cliez les Atlieniens, par M. 
 
 Meiners. 8vo. Paris, 1823. Calf, ex. 
 Melancthon. See Cox. 
 
 Melmoth : The Letters of Sir Thomas Fitzosborne on several Subjects 
 (by William Melmoth, Esq.). 10th edition. 8vo. London, 1795. See, 
 also, Cicero and Pliny in Classics and Translations. 
 Menage : Dictionnaire Etymologique de la Langue FranQoise, par 
 M. Menage. Nouvelle edition, revue et corrigee par A. F. Jault. 
 Folio. 2 vols. Paris, 1750. Calf, gilt leaves. 
 Besides his many critical and controversial works, IMenage wrote Latin verses, prin- 
 cipally addressed to Mademoiselle De la Vergne, under the latinised name of 
 Laverna. But he unluckily forgot that this was the name given by the llomans 
 to the Goddess of thieves (Adams' Antiquities, p. 247, ed, 1835). Hence the 
 following epigram on Menage : — 
 
 " Lesbia nulla tibi, nulla est tibi dicta Corinna ; 
 Carmine laudatur Cynthia nulla tuo. 
 Sed cum doctorum compilas scrinia vatum, 
 Nil mirxun, si sit culta Laverna tibi." 
 
 Menckenii (J. B.) de Charlataneria Eruditorum Declamationes Duse, 
 &c., cum Notis variorum. Post 8vo. Amstelodami, 1747. Half 
 mor., uncut. 
 
 The same Avork in French. Post 8vo. A La Haye, 1721. 
 
 Uncut, half mor. 
 Mengotti. See Commerce, Works on. 
 Merivale : Lectures on Colonization and Colonies, by Hei*raan Merivale, 
 
 A.M. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1841. Calf, ex. 
 Messance : Recherches sur la Population. See Population, Works on. 
 Metaphysical Tracts, prepared for publication by Dr. Parr. 8vo. 
 London, 1837. Uncut, half calf. 
 This Volume comprises the " Claris Universalis" and a " Specimen of True Philo- 
 sophy " by Arthur Collier ; " Conjecture qucEdam de Sens%i, Motu, ^c." by 
 David Hartley ; an " Inquiry into the Origin of Human Appetites and Aflfections," 
 (by Tucker ?) and "Man in quest of Himself," originally published in 1763. 
 
 Meursii Elegantiai Latini Sermonis. Barbou, Parisiis, 1757. Old mor., ex. 
 The common and, perhaps, the better opinion is that Nicolas Chorier, an attorney 
 of Grenoble (born 1609, died 1692), was the author of this learned, well- 
 written, and profligate work (Barbier, Dictionnaire des Anonymes, i. p. 18, 2de 
 edition. Biographic Universelle, art. Chorier, &c.) But a claim of paternity has 
 been set up in favour of a certain M. Westrene. M. Ch. Nodier, in a note ia the 
 catalogue of M. Pixerecourt (p. 192), espouses this claim, and aflirms that Chorier 
 was quite incapable of writing such a work, which he tells us was written by a 
 TiViicYi. ^o\A\ev, fort habile philologxie et fort mauvais sujet, ^hosQ mxae he saj's is 
 given in Niceron. But, instead of a soldier, Niceron says that the soi-disant 
 Meursius was a lawyer at the Hague, (Hommes Illustres, xii. 199), while others 
 say he was a lawyer at Copenhagen ! Under such circumstances we do not pre- 
 tend to say which is the real Simon Lnpure. 
 There is a note on this book in Dr. Parr's Catalogue (p. 506), singularly character- 
 istic of its learned and fussy author. He enjoins his executors either to destroy 
 the work, which had been given to him by " a learned and grave Noncon. divine." 
 or to take care into whose hands it may fall when he (Dr. P.) is no more. This 
 was imposing on them rather a difficult duty. If he really thought so badly of 
 the gift of his grave and reverend friend, why did he not thrust it into the fire ? 
 
24.') 
 
 !Meyexdouff : Voyuge irOronbourg ii Houkliar;i, fait on 1S20, ii t ravers 
 les Steppes qui s'etoiident a I'Est de laMerd'Arul et an delii de rAiicieii 
 Jaxartes, par M. le Baron de Meyendorft". 8vo. Paris, 182G. 
 MiCALi : L'ltalia avanti il Dominio dei Romani, di INIicali. 2da ediz. 
 
 8vo. 4 vols. Folio, Atlas. Firenzc, 1821. 
 MiciiAELis — Smith : Cominontaries on the Laws of Moses, by Sir J. D, 
 Mieliaelis. From the German, by Alex. Smith, D.D. 8vo. 4 vols. 
 London, 1814. Calf, gilt, IL & B. 
 
 This is one of the ablest and most ingenious works in this library. Michaelis lays 
 no stress on the sic volo sic jubeo principle ; but exerts himself to find a satis- 
 factory reason, or one bottomed on utility or custom, for tlie principal enact- 
 ments of the Mosaic Law. He is most frequently successful ; sometimes, indeed, 
 quite triumphant. But in a few instances, owing to the intractable nature 
 of the subjects he has to handle, his failure is equally conspicuous. Nothing, 
 for example, can be more pitiful than the reasoning, if so it may be called, by 
 which he seeks to vindicate the extermination of the Canaanites by the Jews. 
 
 MiCHAUD : Histoire des Croisades. 6me ed., avee une Vie de M. Michaud. 
 Svo. 6 vols. Paris, 184L Calf, ex. 
 
 Michel : Histoire des Races Maudites de la France et de I'E.'jpagne, par 
 M. Francisqne-Michel. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1847. Half mor., uncut. 
 This is an interesting book. It gives a very elaborate account of the past and pre- 
 sent state of the peculiar people called Cagots, Car/ueux, Galiets, &c., found in con- 
 siderable numbers in various parts of France and in the north of Spain. They 
 are truly called the " Accursed Kaces." They have held for a very long series of 
 years no higher place in the countries which they inhabit than the Pariahs hold in 
 Hindostan. Alliances with them have been reckoned infamous ; they could only 
 inhabit certain quarters of the towns in which they are found ; they have not been 
 permitted to enter chiu-ches, except 'by a door open to them only ; they could 
 occupy no seats but those set apart for their peculiar use ; and their burial places 
 were distinct from those of the other classes. And though the violence of these 
 preJHdices has greatly abated, especially since the Kevolution, they are still very 
 powerful in tlie remoter districts. All this is the more surprising as the Cagots 
 are not ugly or deformed, but rather good looking. 
 Many conflicting opinions have been formed with regard to the origin of the " Ac- 
 cursed Kaces," but the most probable seems to be that they are descended, partly 
 from the remnant of the Saracen host that escaped the sword of Charles Alartel in 
 the great battle fought near Tours in 732, and partly from the Arabs, Goths, &c., 
 that accompanied Charlemagne on his return from Spain.* M. Michel has treated 
 the entire subject, which is one of no common interest, with great learning 
 and industry-. 
 
 MiCKLE. See Camoens. 
 
 MiDDLETON : The Miscellaneous "Works of Conyers Middleton, D.D. 
 2d ed. 8vo. 5 vols. London, 1755. Calf, gilt, fine. 
 
 Life of Cicero. 5th ed. Svo. 3 vols. London, 1755. Old calf, 
 
 gilt, fine. 
 
 A Treatise on the Roman Senate. 2d edit. Svo. 1 vol. Lond. 1748. 
 
 Gibbon says of Middleton, that "he was endowed with penetration and accuracy. 
 
 He saw where his principles led, but he did not think proper to draw the conse- 
 quences " (Misc. Works, v. 46.3). 
 Gibbon refers in this statement to the Free Inquiry into the Miraculous Powers of the 
 Christian Church, wherein Middleton endeavours to prove that no such power 
 existed after the days of the Apostles, and that the accounts of miracles, said to 
 have been performed at subsequent periods, are entitled to no credit. Thus far 
 
 • This last hj-pothcsis is preferred by M. Michel, but we see no grounds for the preference. 
 
246 
 
 MiDDLETON — COnt. 
 
 Middleton is generally believed to have been quite successful ; but, it is also 
 believed by many that the same sort of reasoning by which he has shown that no 
 credit is to be attached to the miracles posterior to the apostolic age equally applies 
 to those of that age, and even to those of the founder of the Christian religion. 
 This is the inference of which Gibbon says Middleton was aware, but which he 
 did not draw. 
 
 Dr. Douglas, Bishop of Salisbury, has endeavoured to establish in his treatise on 
 Miracles {see Douglas) a criterion by which to decide what miracles are true, 
 and what are false. And he contends that all that Middleton has alleged against 
 the post-apostolic miracles may, or rather must, be admitted without in any 
 degree affecting the credit of those recorded in the new Testament. The work 
 of the bishop is both able and ingenious ; and if he has not succeeded in his 
 object, it is not owing to any want of ability on his part. 
 
 The Life of Cicero by Middleton has been much praised, and is admirably written. 
 But it is more of a panegjTic than a life. He defends, or slurs over, the most ques- 
 tionable parts of his hero's conduct, so that the work is of little authority in a 
 historical point of view. 
 
 The style of Middleton has been deservedly eulogised. It is neat, correct, and per- 
 spicuous. Adam Smith recommended a carefiil study of the Life of Cicero to 
 all who wished to acquire a pure and easy English style. 
 
 MiGNET : Histoire de la Revolution Fran9aise depuis 1789 jusqu'en 1814, 
 pur F. A. Mignet. 6me edition. 8vo. 2 vols. Bruxelles, 1835. 
 
 Histoire de Marie Stuart. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1851. 
 
 Notices Historiques. 2de edition. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1853. 
 
 Charles-Quint, son Abdication, son Sejour et sa Mort au Mouas- 
 
 tere de Yuste. 2me ed. 8vo. Paris, 1855. 
 
 MiGXOT : Histoire de I'Empire Ottoman, par Mignot. 12mo. 4 vols. Paris, 
 
 1771. 
 Military Affairs : A Collection of French Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 L Recherches Historiques sur I'Ancienne Gendarmerie Franfoise, 
 1759. 
 
 2. Le Militaire Citoyen, ou I'Emploi des Hommes, par M. J. De 
 
 Malzet, 1760. 
 
 3. Discours d'un Bon Citoyen, sur les Moyens de multiplier les 
 
 Forces de I'Etat, et d'augmenter la Population, 1760. 
 
 12mo. 1 vol., 
 
 extremely 
 
 scarce. 
 
 Mill : Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind, by James Mill, 
 Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1829. Calf, ex. 
 
 History of India. 4to. 3 vols. London, 1818. 
 
 A work of great labour, research, and authority. 
 
 A Fragment on Mackintosh. 8vo. London, 1835. 
 
 Though this work displays great acuteness, it is not one that reflects much credit on 
 the author. A philosopher so distinguished as INIackintosh, and so much inclined 
 to speak favourably of the works of others, deserved to be treated with deference ; 
 whereas he is attacked in this work in a very rude and captious manner ; in such 
 away indeed as is injurious only to the writer, and provokes a feeling hostile to his 
 statements. 
 
 . Political Economy and Tracts. See Political Economy. 
 
 . A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, by John Stuart 
 
 Mill. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1843. 
 
 . Political Economy. See Works on. 
 
 Millar : The Origin of the Distinction of Ranks, by John Millar, Esq.; 
 - with a Life of the Author, by John Craig, Esq. 8vo. Edin. 180fi. 
 Calf, ex., uncut. 
 
247 
 
 Millar : An Historical View of tlie English Govornmcut. 8vo. 4 vols. 
 London, 1818. 
 
 This is a resjicctable \Tork, written in a decidedly liberal spirit. It was preatl j 
 overpraised wlien it appeared, especially by those who were, or affected to be, of 
 the AVhig party. But a popularity of this sort is seldom more than ephemeral ; 
 and it is now fallen into unmerited neglect. 
 
 Mir.LEU : The Gardeners and Botanist's Dictionary, l>y riiilip IMiller, F.K.S. 
 Revised and enlarfred by Thomas Martyn, B.D., &c. Folio. 
 4 vols. London, 1807. Russia, ex., gilt leaves. 
 
 On the Administration of Justice iu the British Colonies in the 
 
 East Indies, by John Miller, Esq. Svo. London, 1828. 
 
 An Inquiry info the Present State of the Civil Law of England, 
 
 8vo. London, 1825. 
 MiLLOT, M. rAl)be de : Elemens d'Histoire, Ancienne et Moderne. 12mo. 
 
 9 vols. Paris, 1772. 
 Elomens de I'llistoire d'Angleterre. 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1773. 
 
 Elemens de I'llistoire de France jusqu'a, Louis XV. 12mo. 3 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1774. 
 
 Ek'mens de I'llistoire d'Allcmagne. 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1807. 
 
 llistoire Litteraire des Troubadours. 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1774. 
 
 ■ Elements of General History, Ancient and Modern. From the 
 
 French of Millot. 8vo. 5 vols. London, 1778. 
 The sketches of the history of different countries given by M. Millot are rapid, 
 spirited, liberal, and generally correct. They are among the very best of the class 
 to which they belong. Grimm has spoken of them in terms of high commenda- 
 tion (Correspondance, vi., 116); but in praising them he has passed an unmerited 
 censure on the Abreges Chronoloyiques. The object of these works is quite 
 different. Millot's abridgments giva a general and connected view of history, 
 ■whereas the others treat it in the form of annals, and make its facts, rather 
 than its spirit or general results, the most prominent feature. Kach of these 
 plans has its advantages and defects, and the authors of works, whether on the one 
 or the other, that are well executed, deserve the thanks of the public. 
 [Mills : A History of Mohammedanism, by Charles Mills. 2d edition. 
 
 8vo. London, 1818. 
 
 Crevier's History of the Roman Emperors, from Augustus to 
 
 Constantino. Translated by John Mills, Esq. 8vo. 10 vols. 
 Lond. 1755. Bright calf, uniform with the Translation of Rollin. 
 Milne : A Treatise on the Valuation of Annuities and Assurances on 
 Lives and Survivorships, by Joshua Milne. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1815, 
 A-scarce and valuable work. 
 MiLNKS : Memorials of a Tour in some Parts of Greece, chiefly Poetical, 
 by R. M. Milnes, Esq. 8vo. London, 1834. Mor., ex. 
 An elegant, classical, and thoughtful little volume, by my distinguished friend 
 Mr. Milnes, M.P. 
 
 MiLTOX : The Poetical Works of John Milton, by Thomas'^ 
 NcAvton, D.D., Bishop of Bristol. 8th edition. 
 4to. 3 vols. London, 1775. | Uniform, 
 
 The Prose Works of John Milton, Historical, S- calf, ex., 
 
 Political, and Miscellaneous; to which is j)re- I Kalthoeber. 
 fixed an Account of his Life and Writings, ])y | 
 Thomas Birch, A.M. 4to. 2 vols. Lond. 1753. J 
 
 The Poetical Works of, with Preface, Life, Glossary, &c. Svo. 
 
 2 vols. Edinbur-rh, 1762. Old mor., gilt. 
 
248 
 
 Milton : The Poetical Works of Milton. Newton's edition. 8vo. 4 vols. 
 9tli edition. London, 1790. Bright calf, sup., ex. 
 
 - Minor Poems of, with Notes Critical and Explanatory, by Thomas 
 
 Warton, B.D. 2d edition. London, 1791. Calf, ex. 
 
 Life of, by Symmons. See Symmons. 
 
 It has been said that Satan is the hero of the " Paradise Lost," and so, no doubt, he 
 is. He is truly sublime. He is aware that he is contending against fate, and 
 that in the end he is destined to be subdued. But that has no effect on his firm 
 resolution, on his rooted determination to vindicate his independence, and to 
 fall in a glorious strife. He had lost a battle, but he had not lost — 
 
 " th'unconquerable will. 
 
 And study of revenge, immortal hate, 
 And courage never to submit or yield." 
 He sets an age of freedom against an eternity of slavery. Satan is an object of 
 terror, awe, and in some degree even of respect. We forgive him for the injury 
 inflicted on our first parents, seeing that it was not them that he wished to 
 injure, but that it was one of the means by which he could annoy that great 
 being with whom he is engaged in mortal conflict. Jlilton probably intended, 
 as has been stated by Blair and other critics, that Adam should be the hero of 
 his poem, but if so the failure is complete. Our first parent is a veiy second-rate 
 personage. He discovers no talent, no firmness or generosity of mind. He adopts 
 his wife's counsel, and then most un gallantly endeavours to screen himself by 
 throwing the blame on her. It is to be regretted that the contrast between the 
 fallen angel and the first man should be so greatly to the disadvantage of the 
 latter ; but we need not wonder that it is so. Milton was a stern republican. 
 Satan is the champion of freedom— the implacable enemy of arbitrary power. 
 And Milton could not, without being false to himself and to all his most cherished 
 opinions, fail to do him justice, and hence the vigour with which he has drawn his 
 character, his pre-eminence, and grandeur. 
 MiRABAUD : Systeme de la Nature, ou des Loix du Monde Physique et du 
 Monde Moral. 8vo. 2 vols. Londres, (Paris,) 1774. 
 An atheistical work of some celebrity, commonly ascribed to J. B. de Jlirabaud, but 
 really the work of the Baron D'Holbach, or some one of his school. 
 
 Miscellaneous and Fugitive Pieces, by Johnson, &c. See Davies. 
 MiTFORD : An Inquiry into the Principles of Harmony in Language, by 
 William Mitford, Esq. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1804. 
 
 The History of Greece, revised by William King, with a Memoir 
 
 of tbe Author by Lord Redesdale. New edition. 8vo. 8 vols. 
 London, 1838. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 This work is disfigured by its violent anti-democratical prejudices ; but it is, at the 
 same time, distinguished by undoubted ability. The strong good sense of the 
 author has enabled him to strip off the false gloss under which many portions of 
 Grecian history were commonly submitted to the consideration of the public. 
 But it was not necessary, because he exposed what he believed to be the corrup- 
 tion and worthlessness of Cleon, that he should eulogise the integrity and excel- 
 lence of Philip. Though it be no easy matter to exaggerate the excesses of 
 democracy, tliey are surpassed by those of despotical princes. 
 
 The silly affectation of spelling better than other people, that appeared so ridiculous 
 in the early editions of this work, is wholly abandoned in the last and best edition, 
 now referred to. 
 
 M'Kerrow : History of the Secession Church, by the Rev. John M'Kerrow. 
 
 8to. Edinburgh, 1848. 
 M'NicoL : Remarks on Dr. Johnson's Journey to the Hebrides, by the 
 
 Rev. Donald M'Nicol, A.M. 8vo. London, 1779. 
 
 MoiVRE (De) : Annuities upon Lives, by A. de Moivre, F.R.S. 8vo. 
 London, 172o. 
 
249 
 
 Mor.DAviK, Ilisfoirc do la, ct do la Vulacliio, avoe une Dissertation sur 
 I'Etat actiiel dc cos deux Provinces. I2nio. Jassy, 1777. 
 
 MOLFTSWOUTII : An Account of Denmark, as it Avas in 1(592, and of 
 Sweden in 1688 ; the former ])y Lord Viscount jNIolesworlh. 4tli edi- 
 tion. 8vo. London, 1738. 
 
 ^Moi.iKUE, CEuvrcs de, avec desRemaniucs, etc., par M. Bret. Svo. G vols. 
 Paris, 1773. French calf, gilt leaves. 
 The best edition of the works of the greatest of comic authors. 
 
 « For Life of, see Tascherau. 
 
 Molina : Saggio della Storia Naturaic del Chili, del Abate Giov. Ign. 
 
 Molina. 2da ediz. accresciuta. 4to. Bologna. 1810. Calf, ex. 
 MoMMSEN : The History of Rome, by Theodor Mommsen ; translated 
 
 from the German by the Kev. W. P. Dickson. 8vo. 2 vols. (2 yet to 
 
 appear). London, 1862. 
 
 This is a work disting:uished by originality and ability ; but it is, at the same time, 
 prejudiced and paradoxical. A history of Rome displaying the new lights, struck 
 out in the course of the present century, and written in a clear, concise, and 
 popular manner, continues to be a desideratum. 
 
 Money, Coins, &c.. Works on, viz. — 
 
 Akerman : An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern 
 
 Coins, by J. G. Akerman. 12mo. London, 1848. 
 
 Alison : Two Tracts on the State of the Currency, by Arcliil>ald 
 
 (now Sir Archibald) Alison, F.R.S. Svo. 1845 & 1847. 
 
 Arl)uthnot : Sir Robert Peel's Act of 1844, regulating the Issue 
 
 of Bank Notes, vindicated,' by G. Arbuthnot (of the Treasury). 
 Svo. London, 1857. 
 
 Barbon : A Discourse concerning Coining the New Money 
 
 Lighter, in answer to Mr. Locke's " Considerations about 
 Raising the Value of Money," by Nicholas Barbon, Esq. 12mo. 
 London, 1696. 
 
 Blake : Observations on the Principles which Regulate the Course 
 
 of Exchange, &c., by William Blake, Esq., F.R.S. 8vo. Lon- 
 don, 1810. 
 
 This tract gives within a moderate compass a clear and satisfactory exposition of an 
 important and at the same time complex and difficult subject. Mr. Blake has 
 emimerated the various circumstances, whether arising out of the state of trade or 
 of the currency, that determine the real, the nominal, and the computed or actual 
 course of exchange. He has farther traced, with equal skill and sagacity, the 
 mode in which they respectively operate, and set their sejjarate and combined 
 influence in a very striking light. Having become very scarce, this tract has been 
 reprinted by Lord Overstone. See Overstone, Select Tracts on Taper Currency 
 and Banking. 
 
 Blanc (Le) : Traite Ilistorique des Monnoyes de France, avec 
 
 leurs Figures, depuis h^ Commencement de la Monarchic jusqu'a 
 Present, par M. Le Blanc. 4to. Amsterdam, 1692. 
 
 Cardonnel : Numismata Scotia;, or a Series of the Scottish Coin- 
 
 age from the Reign of William the Lion to the Union, by Adam 
 de Cardonnel, F.A.S. 4to. Edinburgh, 1786. 
 
 Clarke : The Connexion of the Roman, Saxon, and English Coins, 
 
 deduced from Observations on Saxon Weights and Money, by 
 William Clarke, M.A ondon, 1767. Russia gilt, line. 
 
250 
 
 Money, Coins, &c., Works on — cont. 
 
 Cleirac : Usance du Negoce, ou Commerce de la Banque des 
 
 Lettres de Change, par M. Estienne Cleirac. 4to. Bordeaux, 
 1656. Calf, gilt edges. 
 A rare and valuable work. 
 
 Coquelin : Du Credit et des Banques, par Ch. Coquelin. Post 8vo. 
 
 Paris, 1848. 
 
 Currency, Tracts on. See Currency. 
 
 Decus et Tutamen ; or our New Money as now Coined in Full 
 
 Weight and Fineness proved to be for the Honour, Safety, and 
 Advantage of England. 12mo. London, 1696. Rai'e. 
 
 Dupuyuode : De la Monnaie, du Credit, et de I'lmpot, par M. 
 
 Gustave Diipuynode. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1853. 
 
 Eckhel : Doctrina Nummorum Veterum, conscripta a Josepho 
 
 Eckhel. 4to. 8 vols. Vindobonaj, 1792, &c. 
 " Ce bel ouvrage, dans lequel I'auteur a embrasse la numismatiqiie toute entiere, en 
 a dispose les differentes parties dans le meilleur ordre, les a soumises a la critique 
 la plus savante et la plus ingenieuse, et a dissipe les tcnebres dont plusieurs 
 etaient encore couvertes, a mis le comble a sa gloire litteraire ; mais il n'a pas eu 
 le temps d'en jouir, 11 mourut le 16 May 1798, pen de jours apres la publication 
 de son dernier volume, et avant que I'opinion des savans, toujours un peu lente 
 a manifester lorsqu'il s'agit de juger des ouvrages aussi solides et aussi profonds 
 que celiii d'Eckhel ; eut pu justifier dans son esprit cette satisfaction intirae qui 
 est le prix, si non le plus brillant, du moins le plus sur et le plus flatteur des grands 
 travaux litteraires. Tant que les bonnes t'tudes et le gout de I'antiquite de ses 
 ecrivains et de ses monumens, seront en honneur, I'ouvrage de la science des 
 medailles sera le flambeau qui oclairera cette vaste region des connaissances. Des 
 decouvertes nouvelles pourront completer et enrichir I'ouvrage d'Eckhel ; on pourra 
 remarquer et corriger quelques fautes qui lui sont cchappoes dans les details ; mais la 
 perfection du plan general, I'etendue des recherches, la justesse de la critique, le 
 choix et la sobriete dans les citations, rendront a jamais ce livre precieux pour 
 ceux qui aiment a s'instniire profondoment dans un genre de connaissances si 
 Intimement lie a Thistcire, et si propre a exciter une docte curiosite. On ne 
 cessera d'admirer la sage distribution que I'auteur a faite des matieres — distribu- 
 tion par laquelle, pour cviter les redites et donner des aper^us plus generaux, il a 
 place, dans des prolegomones et dans des traites joints a chaque partie de 
 I'ouvrage, I'examen des questions difBciles et les recherches qui forment I'enserable 
 de la theorie nuraismatique. Cette lecture, attachante par I'interct du fond, Test 
 encore par la clarte et les graces du style qui est si coulant et si naturel, que 
 I'ouvrage, pour tout lecteur qui entend le latin lui semble ecrit dans sa langue 
 matemelle."— (Biographic Universelle, article de M. Visconti.) 
 . Edinburgh and Glasgow Bank, Report of Trial (Dobbie v. John- 
 
 ston, &c.) in regard to the liability of the Directors in such 
 Bank. 4to. Edinburgh, 1861. Half Russia, uncut. 
 
 Folkes : Tables of English Gold and Silver Coins, with their 
 
 Weights, Intrinsic Values, &c., by Martin Folkes, Esq. 4to. 
 London, 1745. 
 
 Foster — Blake : An Essay on the Principle of" 
 
 Commercial Exchanges, and more 
 particularly of the Exchange between 
 Great Britain and Ireland, by John l 8vo, 1 vol. 
 Leslie Foster, Esq. 8vo. 1804. 
 
 Observations on the Principles which 
 
 Regulate the Course of Exchange, &c., 
 by William Blake, Esq. 8vo. 1810. 
 Foster's Essay is remarkable for its containing a very clear statement in regard to 
 the influence of absentee expenditure. 
 
 Calf, ex. 
 
251 
 
 Money, Coins, &c., Works ox\—co7it. 
 
 Galiani : Delia Monota, Libri Cinque, di Fordinando Galiani. 
 
 Kdiz. 2da. 4to. Napoli, 1780, Calf, ex., jrilt leaves. 
 
 Gilbart, Tracts on Banking, by J. W. Gilbart, Esq., viz. :— 
 
 1. The History and Principles of Banking. 2d edition. 1835. "1 
 
 2. The History of Hanking in Ireland, 1836. > 1 vol. 
 
 3. The History of Banking in America, 1837. J 
 
 Harris : An Essay on Money and Coins (by Joseph Harris, Esq., 
 
 Assay Master of the Mint). Two Parts. London, 
 1757-58. 
 
 Bound up with this Work is an " Essay on Coins," 
 by Brvan Robinson, M.D. Svo. London, 1758. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 Another Copy of the Two Treatises of Harris. Large 
 
 paper. Calf, ex. 
 This is one of the best and most valuable treatises on the subject of metallic money 
 that has yet seen the light ; it is clearly and forcibly written, and in addition to 
 an exposition of the principles which determine the value of coins and the course 
 of exchange, it contains some good illustrations of the influence of commerce, and 
 of the division of laboiu- in furthering the increase of wealth. Part II. is 
 principally occupied with an investigation and refutation of the various state- 
 ments that have been from time to time put forward in vindication or excuse of a 
 degradation of the standard, and all who read this convincing and masterly expo- 
 sition will be inclined to sjinpathize with the author when he says that " what- 
 ever mav be the fate of fut\u-e times, and whatever the exigencies of affairs may 
 require.it is to be hoped that that most awkward, clandestine, and most direful 
 method of cancelling debts by debasing the standai-d of money will be the last 
 that will be thought of" 
 
 Hawkins : The Silver Coins of England Arranged and Described, 
 
 with Remarks on British Money previous to the Saxon Dynas- 
 ties, illustrated with Numerous Plates, by Edward Hawkins, 
 F.R.S., &c. Svo. London, 1841. 
 
 Humphreys : The Coin Collectors Manual, or Guide to the 
 
 Numismatic Student in the Formation of a Cabinet of Coins, by 
 H. N. Humphrevs. Post Svo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1853. 
 
 The Coins of England : A Sketch of the Progress of the English 
 
 Coinage from the earliest Period to the present Time, with 
 illustrative plates printed in Gold, Silver and Copper, by 
 H. N. Humphreys. 5th ed. London, (S.A.) Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 r- Huskisson : The Question of the Depreciation of the Currency 
 
 Stated and Examined, by William Huskisson, Esq. M.P. Svo. 
 Loudon, 1810. 
 
 Jennings : An Introduction to the Knowledge of Medals, by the 
 
 Rev. David Jennings, D.D. 12mo. London, 1764. Baskcrvillc. 
 
 Joubert : La Science des Medailles, avec des Remarques Histori- 
 
 ques et Critiques, par M. Joubert. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 
 1739. Large paper. Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 Fine copy, very rare in this state. 
 
 Kelly : The Universal Cambist and Commercial Instructor, being 
 
 a 'Full and Accurate Treatise on the Exchanges, Coins, 
 Weights, Measures of all Trading Nations and their Colonies ; 
 with an Account of their Banks, Paper Currencies, 8cc., by 
 Patrick Kellv, LL.D. 2d edition. 4to. 2 vols. Loudon, 
 1831. 
 
252 
 
 Monet, Coins, &c., "Works on — cont. 
 
 King : Thoughts on the Effects of the Bank Restriction, by Lord 
 
 King. The 2(1 edition, enlarged, with some Remai-ks on the 
 
 Coinage. 8vo. London, 1804. 
 
 Leake : An Historical Account of English Money, from the Con- 
 
 quest to the Present Time, by J. M. Leake, Esq., Clarencieux 
 King-at-Arms. 2d edition, Avith Additions and Improvements. 
 8vo. London, 1745. 
 
 Letronne: Considerations Generales sur I'E valuation de? Monnaies 
 
 Grecques et Romaines, et sur la Valeur de I'Or et de I'Argent 
 avant la Decouverte de I'Amerique, par M. Letronne. 4to. 
 Paris, 1817. Very scarce, 
 
 Lindsay : A View of the Coinage of L'eland from the Invasion 
 
 of the Danes to the Eeign of George IV., by John 
 Lindsay, Esq. 4to. Cork, 1839. Halfmor., ex. 
 
 A View of the Coinage of Scotland, with Copious Tables, 
 
 &c. 4to. Cork, r84o. Half mor., ex. 
 
 Liverpool : A Treatise on the Coins of the Eealm, in a Letter to 
 
 the King (George III.), by Charles Earl of Liverpool. 
 4to. Oxford, 1-805. Half Russia. 
 
 Draft Report on the Coin of the Realm, by the Lords of 
 
 the Committee of Council appointed in 1 798 to take the 
 State of the Coins of the Kingdom into Consideration, 
 by the first Earl of Liverpool. 4to. 
 
 For some reason or other this Draft Report does not appear to have been perfected, 
 but was changed by its Author into a Letter to His Majesty, as above. 
 
 Lowndes : A Report (to the Lords of the Treasury), containing 
 
 an Essay for the Amendment of the Silver Coins, by William 
 Lowndes, Esq., Secretary to the Treasury. 8vo. London, 
 1695. 
 
 M'Culloch : A Treatise on Metallic and Paper Money and Banks, 
 
 written for the Encycloptedia Britannica (8th edit.), by J, R. 
 M'C. 4to. Edinburgh, 1858. 
 . Malagrowther, Malachi, (Sir AValter Scott, Bart.,) on the Pro- 
 posed Change in the Currency of Scotland, with Answer. 8vo. 
 1826. 
 
 Maxwell : Reasons offered for Erecting a Bank in Ireland, in a 
 
 Letter to Hercules Rowley, Esq., by Henry Maxwell, Esq. 8vo. 
 Dublin, 1721. 
 
 Money, a Select Collection of scarce and valuable Tracts on, 
 
 in 1 vol. 8vo., viz. : — 
 
 1. A Discourse of Coin and Coynage by Eice Vaughan, of Grayes Inn, Esq. 
 
 1675. 
 
 2. Speech of Sir Eobert Cotton before the Privy Council in 1626. 
 
 3. Advice of His Majesty's Council of Trade concerning the Exportation of Gold 
 
 and Silver in Foreign Coin and Bullion. 1660. 
 
 4. Sir William Petty's Quantulumcunqiie. 1682. 
 
 5. A Report (by Sir. Lowndes), containing an Essay for the Amendment of the 
 
 Silver Coins. 169.5. 
 
 6. Note on the Pecoinage of 1G96-99. 
 
 7. Representations by Sir Isaac Newton on the subject of Money. 1712-17. 
 
 8. Tables illustrative of the Changes in the Standard and Weight of English 
 
 Money. 
 
 9. Note on Scotch Money, with Tables showing its successive Changes, 
 
2.53 
 
 Money, Coins, &c., Works on — conf. 
 
 10. Observations on Coin in general, \rith Proposal ^r repulatinp; the Value of 
 
 Coin in Ireland, by the author of the List of Absentees from Ireland (Thomas 
 Prior, Esq.) 1720. 
 
 11. An Essay on Money and Coins, Parts I. and II. (by Joseph Ilan-is, Esq.) 
 
 1757-58. 
 
 12. Reflections on Coin in general, and on the Gold and Silver Coins of Great 
 
 Britain in particular. 1762. 
 
 13. An Inquirj- into the Value of the Ancient Greek and Koman Money, by Matthew 
 
 Kaper. Esq. 1771. 
 
 14. Tables of Greek and Roman !Money. 
 
 These tracts were printed (125 copies) at the expense of the Political Economy Club' 
 and edited, with prefaces and notes, by J. R. M'C. 8vo. London, 1856. 
 
 • Norman : Two Tracts on Currency and Banking, by G. W. Nor- 
 
 man, Esq. 8vo. 1838 & 1841. 
 
 Overstone : The collected Edition of the Tracts and other Publi- 
 
 cations of Lord Overstone on Metallic and Paper Cur- 
 rency. 8vo. London, 1857. 
 
 Evidence of, before the Committee of the House of 
 
 Commons on Banks in 1857, with Notes and Additions. 
 Bvo. London, 1858. 
 
 Tracts on Political Economy. See Overstone. 
 
 Parnell : Observations upon the State of Currency in Ireland, and 
 
 upon the Course of Exchange between Dublin and London, by 
 Henry Parnell, Esq. (afterwards Sir Henry Parnell, Bart.) 
 12mo. Dublin, 1804. 
 
 Petty : Quantulurticunque, a Tract concerning Money, addressed 
 
 to the Marquis of Halifax, by Sir William Petty. 4to. London, 
 1682. 
 ' Pinkerton : An Essay on Medals, or an Introduction to the Know- 
 ledge of Ancient and Modern Coins and Medals, especially 
 those of Greece, Rome, and Britain, by John Pinkerton. 3d edi- 
 tion. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1808. Calf, ex., II. & B. 
 
 Pinto : Traitc de la Circulation et du Credit, par M. Pinto. Bvo. 
 
 Amsterdam, 1771. See Pinto. 
 
 Precipitation and Fall of Messrs. Douglas, Heron, and Co., late 
 
 Bankers, Ayr. 4to. Edinburgh, 1778. 
 
 This bank commenced business at Ayr, in November 1 709, under the firm of Douglas, 
 Heron, and Co., and had branches at Edinburgh and Dumfries. It suspended 
 payments on the 25th of June 17 72, when, though its paid-up capital only 
 amounted to £128,000 (80 per cent, of £160,000), it had incurred obligations for 
 no less than £800,000, viz. £600,000 of debt accumulated in London, and £200,000 
 of outstanding notes! The large private fortunes of the paitners enabled them, in 
 the end, to discharge all claims upon the bank. The total loss incurred before its 
 affairs were finally wound up is said to have amounted to about £400,000. 
 (Besides the work now referred to, see Wealth of Nations, p. 137, M'CuUoch's ed.) 
 
 Paper : An Inquiry into the Value of Greek and Roman Money, 
 
 by Matthew Raper, Esq., F.R.S., from the Philosophical Trans- 
 actions for 1771, with other Tracts. 4to. London, 1772. 
 
 Same Tract in 8vo. Extremely rare. 
 
 This tract i.s included, as already seen, in the volume of Tracts on Money, reprinted 
 in 1856 for the Political Economy Club. This copy is one of 10 that were struck 
 ofiF separately. 
 
25^ 
 
 Monet, Coins, &c.. Works on — cont. 
 
 Ricardo : The High Price of Bullion a proof of the Depreciation 
 
 of Bank Notes, by David Ricardo, Esq. 4th ed. London, 1811. 
 
 This tract, which first appeared in 1810, led the way in the famous bullion contro- 
 versy. It is shown in it that redundancy and deficiency of currency are only 
 relative terms ; and that so long as the currency of a country consists partly of 
 gold and silver coins, and partly of paper immediately convertible into such coins, 
 its value can neither rise above nor fall below the value of the metallic currencies 
 of other countries, by a greater sum than will suifice to defray the expense of 
 importing foreign coin or bullion if the currency be deficient, or of exporting a 
 portion of the existing supply if it be redundant. But when a country issues 
 inconvertible paper notes (as was then the case in England), they cannot be 
 exported to other countries in the event of their becoming redundant at home ; and 
 whenever, under such circumstances, the exchange with foreign countries is 
 depressed below par, or the market price of bullion rises above its mint price, 
 more than the cost of sending coin or bullion abroad, it proves conclusively that 
 too much paper has been issued, and that its value is depreciated from excess. 
 (5ee Ricardo on Political Economy.) 
 
 Ruding : Annals of the Coinage of Britain and its Dependencies, 
 
 from the Earliest Period of Authentic History to the End of 
 the Fiftieth Year of His Majesty King George IH., by the 
 Rev. Rogers Ruding, B.D. 3d edition, corrected and con- 
 tinued to 1840, by J. Y. Akerman. 4to. 3 vols. London, 
 1840. Blue mor., ex., H. & B. 
 The best work on the subject, the gift of my excellent friend, James T. G. Craig, Esq. 
 
 Simon : An Essay towards an Historical Account of Irish Coins^ 
 
 and of the Currency of Foreign Monies in Ireland, by James 
 Simon, of Dublin, Merchant, F.R.S. 4to. Dublin, 1749. Half 
 Russia. 
 
 Snelling (Mr. Thomas), the following Works of, viz. — 
 
 The Doctrine of Gold and Silver Computations, by Thomas 
 
 Snelling. 8vo. Two Copies, one uncut. London, 1766. 
 
 Silver Coin and Coinage of England. 1762." 
 
 Gold Coin and Coinage „ 1763. 
 
 Copper Coin and Coinage „ 1766. 
 
 Silver Coin and Coinage of Scotland. 1774. 
 
 Gold and Silver Coins, &c. struck in France 
 
 by English Princes. 1769. 
 Irish Coins in Silver and Copper, being a 
 
 Supplement to Simon's Essay on Irish 
 
 Coins. 
 Origin, Nature, and Uses of Jettons or 
 
 Counters. 1769. J 
 View of Coins now Current in Europe. 8vo. London, 
 
 1766. Uncut. 
 
 The author of these works was distinguished alike by his intimate acquaintance 
 •with everything relating to the history of money and coins, and by his eminence 
 as an engraver and medallist. Hence they are of the highest authority, and are at 
 the same time short, clear, and comprehensive. 
 
 Catalogue of the Library of Snelling sold by Auction in 
 
 1774. See Bibliography. 
 
 Original 
 
 editions, un- 
 
 . cut, in 1 
 
 ^vol. Folio. 
 
 HalfRussia. 
 
 Hayday. 
 
255 
 
 Monet, Coins, &c., Works on — com. 
 
 Stouart : The Principlos of Money applied to the Present Stale of 
 
 the Coin of Bengal, by Sir James Steuart, Bart. 4to. London, 
 1772. Mor., fine. 
 
 St. Maur : Essai sur les Monnoies, ou Reflexions sur le Rapport 
 
 entre TArgent et les Denrees, par M. Dupre de St. Maur. 
 4to. Paris, 1746. Tahle of the Progressive Degradation 
 of French Money inserted. 
 
 Recherehes sur la Valeur des Monnoies, et sur le Prix des 
 
 Grains, avant et apres le Concile de Frankfort, 1409. 
 12nio. Paris, 1762. 
 
 Thornton : An Inquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper 
 
 Credit of Great Britain, by Henry Thornton, Esq., M.P. 8vo. 
 London, 1802. 
 
 Yanderliut : Money Answers all Things ; or an Essay to make 
 
 Money sufhciently Plentiful amongst all Ranks of People, and 
 
 Licrease our Foreign and Domestic Trade, &c., by Jacob 
 
 Vanderlint. Svo. London, 1734. 
 Monk — Bextley : The Life of Richard Bentley, D.D., &c., by James 
 
 Henry Monk, D.D. 2d edition. 8to. 2 vols. London, 1833. 
 Montagu : Reflections on the Rise and Fall of the Ancient Republics, by 
 
 E. Wortley Montagu, Esq. 4th edition. 8vo. London, 1778- 
 
 The Letters and Works of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, edited 
 
 by her Great Grandson, Lord WharnclifFe. 2d edition. 8vo. 
 3 vols. London, 1837. Calf, ex. 
 
 This excellent edition of Lady Mary's works derives its principal value from the 
 biographical anecdotes prefixed to it. These are said to have been contributed 
 by her granddaughter, Lady Louisa Stuart. They are very interesting and are 
 remarkably ■well told. 
 
 Lady Alarj's Letters, on ■which her fame principally depends, are among the best 
 specimens of epistolary ■writing. In the %vords of the lady now referred to, " they 
 are admirable letters ; letters, not dissertations, nor sentimental effusions, nor 
 strings of witticisms, but real letters such as any person of plain sense ■would be 
 glad to receive. Her style, though correct and perspicuous, was unstudied, natural, 
 Sowing, spirited. She never used an unnecessary word, nor a phrase savouring of 
 affectation, but still she meant to ■write well, and was conscious of having suc- 
 ceeded." 
 
 Both in the letters and in her other works passages are occasionally to be found of 
 too free a character to suit the fastidious taste of the present day. But all really 
 good letters should be in most respects the reflex of the times in which they are 
 written, and are to be tried by their standards, and not by those of a subsequent 
 age. 
 
 The causes of the quarrel between Lady Jlary and Pope have not been -well 
 ascertained. Perhaps they were equally to blame. And it certainly would have 
 been more to the credit of both had they concealed or suppressed their ani- 
 mosities. 
 
 Though her literary talents gave her no claim to distinction, the memorj' of Lady 
 Marj' would deserve to be held in grateful remembrance for the inestimable boon 
 she conferred on Western Europe by introducing the practice of inoculation as a 
 remedy against small-pox. She acfjuired a knowledge of the practice during 
 her residence in Turkey. And she displayed a perseverance, energy, and courage 
 in its introduction that do her infinite credit. 
 
 ■ Ornithological Dictionary of British Bird.', by George Montafi'u 
 
 F.L.S. 8vo. 2 vols, in 1. London, 1802. Calf, ex., Kalthoeber. ' 
 
 An Essay on the Genius and Writings of Shakespcaie (l)y Mrs. 
 
 Montagu). 2d edition. 8vo. London. 1770. 
 
256 
 
 Montaigne : Essais de Michel de Montaigne. 8vo. 3 vols. Paris, 1783. 
 
 Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 Essays of, translated into English from the Edition of La Coste. 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1759. 
 
 Montaigne has been characterized by Tennemann as follows: — " Michel de Slontaigne, 
 ne en 1533 dans un chateau de ce nom en Perigord, mort en 1592, fut le premier 
 qui donna a sa pensOe les habitudes sceptiques. Avec un esprit richement cultivc 
 par I'etude de I'antiquite classique et de I'histoire, par une longue experience et la 
 connaissance des hommes, il envisagea le tableau de la vie humaine tel qu'il est, 
 et sous le point de vue de sa diversite, sans y apercevoir une unite que ne pou- 
 vait donner la philosophic, si pen d'accord avec elle-meme. Dela, une maniere 
 de voir fort analogue au scepticisme, suivant laquelle il donne pour dernier 
 resultat de touts observation et de toute pensee, la faiblesse de la raison et 
 I'incertitude de la connaissance humaine, meme par rapport a I'ordre pratique 
 dont, au reste, il ne conteste pas la verite, se reposant de toutes choses dans 
 la foi a la revelation. Montaigne exprime ces idoes sur le ton d'une candeur 
 exempte de pretention et d'une honorable fi-anchise, dans ses Essais, livre ou 
 domine tout le chanue d'un style plein de finesse et d'originalite, qui en a fait la 
 lecture favorite des gens de gout. Ce livre a exerce dans le monde beaucoup 
 d'influence, et a subi les jugemens les plus opposes. Quelque eloigne de I'immo- 
 ralite et de I'irreligion que fiit le caractere personnel de cet ecrivain, son ouvrage 
 a pu favoriser plus d'une fois des dispositions contraires dans I'esprit de ses 
 lecteurs, et mcme les y faire naitre." — (Manuel de I'Histoire de la Philosophic, par 
 M. Cousin, ii. 48.) 
 
 "'Montaigne's Essays' is in one respect a very remarkable book: it is the first 
 attempt to treat in a modem language and in a popular form, questions of great 
 importance to human character and conduct; and it was written when men of 
 letters discussed nothing but subjects either of erudition or metaphysics in a dead 
 language and in a scholastic dress ; it therefore marks an sera in the progress of 
 the human understanding. Montaigne was the father of popular philosophy. His 
 ' Essay on Education ' is quite admirable ; and in that essay, as well as in some 
 others which I have read, it is easy to see how much he was the source of 
 many ideas and the model of many ways of thinking in more modem times." — 
 (Mackintosh, Life of, ii. 246.) 
 
 MONTALEMBERT : De I'Avcnir Politique de I'Angleterre, par le Comte de 
 
 Montalembert. 3me ed. Post 8vo. Paris, 1856. 
 MONTEITH : A Theater of Mortality, or the Illustrious Inscriptions extant 
 
 upon the several Monuments in the Churches and Burial Places in the 
 
 City of Edinburgh, &c., by R. Monteith, M.A. Small 8vo. Edinburgh, 
 
 1704. Blue mor., ex. 
 This copy has the inscription on Sir George Mackenzie's tomb, and is quite perfect. 
 
 Montesquieu : ffiuvres de M. de Montesquieu. 12mo. 7 vols. Londres, 
 (Paris,) 1769. Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 
 , 4to. 3 vols. Londres, (Paris,) 1767. Large paper, veau 
 
 fauve, gilt leaves. 
 
 . The Complete Works of, translated from the French into English. 
 
 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1777. Calf, gilt. 
 Montesquieu ia one of the greatest political writers that has ever existed. He is 
 said to have meditated his great work, the Esprit des Loix, for more than 20 years. 
 He has vast and various reading. His style, formed on the model of Tacitus, is 
 brief and elliptical. He has no well-defined plan ; and though he is sometimes 
 credulous, while his theories and statements are often crude and questionable, 
 yet, on the whole, he is ingenious, interesting, libera!, and rationaL It is cha- 
 racteristic of Montesquieu that he is at once learned and practical ; and while he 
 shuns all a priori reasonings, he endeavours to show, by the combined lights of 
 history and philosophy, and the researches of travellers, how different laws and 
 forms of government have grown up in the progress of society, and how they have 
 affected those subject to their influence. He has not sought to indulge in the 
 
257 
 
 Montesquieu — cant. 
 
 easy and comparatively useless task of investipatinp abstract rules or peneral prin- 
 ciples, -which never have been and never can be practically established; and he 
 shows what is, much more than what ought to be. Hut in doing this, he neither 
 overlooks nor underrates the inestimable advantages resulting from the security 
 and toleration inseparable from every Mcll-constitutcd system of goveruuunt. ( )n 
 the contrary, he sets them in the nuist conspicuous point of view. And it is plain 
 that by exhibiting the circumstances under which different constitutions, or 
 political systems, have originated, and their real operation, he, at the same time, 
 provides the best means of determining under what circumstances, and to what 
 extent, they may be safely remodelled and improved : and while the interest 
 attaching to this description of inquiries reconmiends the work to all classes 
 of readers, his zeal for justice, and his detestation ot whatever interferes with or 
 diverts it from its direct and onward course, ensures their sympathy and appro- 
 bation. Hence the wonderful eft'ect produced by the Esprit des Loix ; an effect as 
 great as that produced by the treatise iJe Jure Belli «c Paris of Grotius, and 
 inferior only to that of the Wealth of Nations. It is a work worthy of the eulogium 
 of Voltaire : " Le genre humain avait perdu ses titres. M. de' Montesquieu lea 
 a retrouvcs et les lui a rendus." 
 
 It may be worth mentioning that Ilelvetius and Saurin, to whom Montesquieu 
 showed the MS. of the Esprit des Loix, earnestly dissuaded him from its publica- 
 tion. How fortunate that this advice was not followed ! 
 
 The Lettrcs Pvrsannes and the Grandeur des liomaitis, had he produced nothing 
 else, would have sufficed to innnortalise Montesquieu. There is much beautiful 
 description in the Persian Letters, and a vast deal of sagacious criticism and 
 philosophy concealed under a veil of refined irony and sarcasm. The Grandeur 
 des linmains is not less profound than the Discourses of Machiavel on the first 
 Decade of Livy ; and while it is as comprehensive, it is far more interesting. 
 
 The following notice of Montesquieu was sent, on the occurrence of his death, by the 
 Earl of Chesterfield, to the public papers : — 
 
 " On the 10th of this month (February 17")5) died at Paris, universally and sincerely 
 regretted, Charles Secondat, Baron de l^Ioutesquicu, and President a mortier of the 
 Parliament at Bordeaux. His virtues did honour to human nature; his writings, 
 justice. A friend to mankind, he asserted their undoubted and unalienable rights 
 ■with freedom, even in his own country, whose prejudices in matters of religion 
 and government he had long lamented, and endeavoured, not without some success, 
 to remove. He well knew, and justly admired, the happy constitution of this 
 country, where fixed and known laws equally restrain monarchy from tyranny, 
 and liberty from licentiousness. His works will illustrate his name, and survive 
 him as long as right reason, moral obligation, and the true spirit of laws shall be 
 understood, respected, and maintained." 
 
 MoNTFAUCOX : L'Antiquitc repre.sentee en Figures. Folio. 20 parts, 
 
 in 10 vols. Paris, 1719. Old French red morocco, broad borders 
 
 of gold. 
 
 This'is a very fine copy of the best edition of a work that has always had a hich 
 
 degree of reputation. A similar work, were it now produced, niight, no doubt, 
 
 be materially improved ; but there is little probability of such a publication being 
 
 speedily undertaken. 
 
 Pulajographia G^aica, sive de Ortu et Progressu Literarum 
 
 Gra^caruni. Folio. Paris, 1708. Half mor., uncut. 
 
 MoxTUCLA : Ilistoire des Mathematiques, par M. Montucla, contiiim' a 
 I'Epoque actuelle, par M. de la Lande. 4to. 4 vol.'^. ParLs, 
 1799. Calf gilt, extra. 
 A verj- valuable work, especially that portion which was executed by Montucla. 
 
 Ilistoire des Recherches sur hi (Quadrat uie dii Cercle. 12mo. 
 
 Paris, 1754. 
 
 K 
 
258 
 
 Moore : The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore. Large 8 vo. London, 1843. 
 
 Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable Richard Brinsley 
 
 Sheridan. Bvo. 2 vols. London, 1826. 
 
 Memoirs of Captain Rock, the Celebrated Irish Chieftain, written 
 
 by Himself. 12mo. London, 1824. 
 
 Moore was ingenious and clever. Some of his Melodies and Songs have a good deal 
 of pathos ; and they are mostly all distinguished by their point and brilliancy. 
 Generally, however, his verses are injured by an excess of tinsel or prettiness. 
 The polish and piquancy of his Satires render this defect least observable in them. 
 His prose works have most of the faults of his poetry, without its beauties, and 
 are of little consequence. 
 
 Moore's reputation has been much damaged by the publication of his Memoirs. In 
 these he appears in the contemptible light of a hanger-on and parasite of the 
 great, without dignity or independence of character. He had been in the habit of 
 noting down in his Diaries, from recollection of course, the conversations he had 
 heard in the parties to which he had been invited ; and as nobody suspected he 
 was a spy, the conversation would often reflect but little of the real opinions 
 of the guests, while it would sometimes turn upon subjects of which he could know 
 little or nothing. Though much sifted and winnowed, very little, if anything, of 
 real value has been or could be extracted from so worthless a hodge-podge as his 
 notes must have been. Those who are inclined to credit his reports can hardly fail 
 to be surprised at the poverty of the conversations in the aristocratic mansions to 
 which he had access. He has reduced them to a level scarcely superior to those 
 which may be expected to take place at the tables of retired butchers and linen- 
 drapers. There could not be less wit at the latter, and there woxild be more 
 common sense. 
 
 A View of Society and Manners in Italy, &c., by John Moore, M.D. 
 
 6th edition. Bvo. 2 vols. London, 1795. 
 
 A View of Society and Manners in France, Switzerland, and 
 
 Germany, &c. 8th edition. Bvo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1793. 
 
 More, Sir Thomas. See Utopia and Warner. 
 
 MoRELLET : Memoire sur la Situation actuelle de la Compaguie des 
 Indes, par M. I'Abbe Morellet. 4to. Paris, 1769. 
 
 Memoires Inedits de M. I'Abbe Morellet, precedes de son Eloge, 
 
 pur Lemontey. Bvo. 2 vols. Paris, 1822. 
 
 Prospectus du Dictionnaire du Commerce. See Works on Com- 
 
 merce. 
 
 MoRERi : Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, on le Melange Curieux de 
 
 I'Histoire Sacree et Profane, qui contient en abrege I'llistoire Fabu- 
 
 leuse des Dieux et des Heros de FAntiquite Pu'ienne, &c &c., par M. 
 
 Louis Moreri. Nouvelle edition, dans laquelle on a refondu les Supple- 
 
 mens de INI. I'Abbe Gouget ; le tout revu et augmente par M. Drouet. 
 
 Folio. 10 vols. Paris, 1759. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 This work was originally published in one volume, folio, in 1674, by Louis Moreri, 
 
 from whom it has taken its name. Its founder died, it is said, of over-application, 
 
 in 1680, at the early age of 37, having commenced printing a new and improved 
 
 edition of the Dictionary. It was progressively enlarged to 5 vols, in 1718, to 
 
 6 vols, in 1729 and 1732 ; and finally, in 1759, when the 20th and last edition 
 
 was published, to 10 ponderous volumes. Hence, though it bears his name, only 
 
 a small portion of the Dictionary as it now exists is the work of Moreri. Various 
 
 individuals have contributed to its improvement and enlargement. But the learned 
 
 and very laborious Abbe Gouget appears to have been its greatest benefactor ; 
 
 M. Drouet superintended the last edition. Though in various respects obsolete, it 
 
 is still possessed of a considerable degree of utility, and deserves a place in all 
 
 libraries of any consequence. See the arts. Moreri and Gouget in the '* Biographic 
 
 Universelle." Moreri in the "Manuel du Libraire" of Brunet, &c. 
 
8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Lettered 
 " Tracts by 
 
 a Bystan- 
 der." 
 
 Scarce. 
 
 251) 
 
 Morgan (William), Works liy, viz. : — 
 
 • The Doctrine of Annuities and Assurances on^ 
 
 Lives and Survivorships, ^<:e. 1779. I 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 ■ Memoirs of the Life of the Ivev. Kiehard Price, f Call", ex. 
 
 D.D. 1815. J 
 
 MouiKU : Two Journeys into Persia, by James Morier, Esq. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1812 and 1818. Russia, gilt leaves. 
 MoKUis (Corbyn), Esq., Tracts by, viz. : — 
 
 1. Letter from a Bystander to an M.P. on the Xecessity for a Large' 
 
 Standing Army, 1741. 
 
 2. Essay on the Science of Insurance, 1747. 
 
 3. Essay on the Insurance of Enemies' Ships, 1758. 
 
 4. I.ietter on the Scarcity of Silver Coin, 1757. 
 
 5. Consequences of laying an Additional Duty on Spirituous Liquors, 
 
 1751. 
 
 6. The Case of the Five Millions Fairly Stated, 1758. 
 
 Tracts in the Controversy between a Bystander (Morris), tho 
 
 Author of a " Full Answer," (Mr. Thomas Carte, the Historian,) 
 and others. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Valuable and curious. 
 Morrison : Tracts on Railways, by James Morrison, Esq. 8vo. London, 
 1848. 
 
 (Charles). See Political Economy, Works on. 
 
 Mortality (Bills of) : A Collection of the Yearly Bills of Mortality 
 from 1657 to 1758 inclusive ; to which are subjoined Graunt's Essay ; 
 Sir William Petty's Essay on the Growth of the City of London ; 
 Morris's Observations ; and a Triwt by Morris, entitled "Observations, 
 Political and Natural, &c., on the Bills of Mortality," written for this 
 Volume ; u'ith a Table of the Probability of Life, by J. P., Esq., F.R.S. 
 (James Postlethwayt, Esq.) Collected by Dr. Birch. 4to. London, 
 1759. 
 
 Morysox : An Itinerary, Written by Fynes Moi-yson, Gent., first in the 
 Latine Tongue, and then Translated by him into English. Folio. 
 London, 1617. Russia, H. 
 Moryson's travels were performed, partly on foot, bet-ween 1588 and 1598. They 
 extended to various portions of the continent, and to the ditl'erent British king- 
 doms. They are valuable for the authentic information they embody, in regard to 
 the condition of the countries which he visited. His account of the state of 
 Ireland is especially deserving of attention. It exhibits a degree of barbarism 
 ■which was unmatched anywhere else in Europe. 
 
 MosELEY : Treatises on Coffee and Sugar, by Benjamin Moscley, M.D. 
 8vo. In 1 voL London, 1792-1800. 
 
 Learned and valuable treatises. The "West Indian merchants and planters presented 
 Moseley, on his publishing the treatise on coffee, with the handsome douceur of 
 5,000/. 
 
 MosiiEiM : An Ecclesiastical History, Ancient and Modem, from the Birth 
 
 of Christ to the Beginning of the Present Century, by J. L. Moshcini, 
 
 D.D. Translated from the Original Latin by Archibald Maclaine, D.D. 
 
 8vo. 6 vols. London, 1782. Calf, gilt. 
 
 This is a meritorious work. It is confined withm moderate limits, and displays 
 
 great knowledge, research, and impartiality. Hence it has been extremely 
 
 popular. Maclaine's translation is said not to be particularly faithful ; but, at 
 
 all events, it is very readable, and the notes are extensive and valuable. Tliough 
 
 K 2 
 
260 
 
 MosHEiM — cont. 
 
 a great improver of the German language, this, with other works of Mosheim, 
 was written in Latin. 
 Gibbon says, " Less profound than Petavius, less independent than Le Clerc, less 
 ingenious than Beausobre, the historian Mosheim is rational, correct, and mode- 
 rate." — (Decline and Fall, cap. 47, note.) 
 MoTTLEY : The History of the Life of Peter I. (the Great), Emperor of 
 Russia, by John Mottley, Esq. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1739. Bright calf. 
 MouNiER : Influence des Philosophes sur la Revolution rran9aise, par 
 
 J. F. Mounier. 8vo. 1822. Calf, ex. 
 MoYLE : The Works of Walter Moyle, Esq. Svo. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1726. 
 MiJLLER : History and Antiquities of the Doric Race, from the German 
 of C. O. Muller, by H. TuiFnell, Esq., and G. C. Lewis, Esq. 2d 
 edition. 2 vols. London, 1839. 
 
 History of the Literature of Ancient Greece, by K. O. Miiller 
 
 and F. W. Donaldson, D.D. Svo. 3 vols. London, 1858. 
 MuN. See Commerce, Works on. 
 Mure : Journal of a Tour in Greece and the Ionian Islands, by William 
 
 Mure, Esq. (M.P.) Svo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1842. Calf, ex. 
 
 See Zodiac. 
 
 Murphy : Travels in Portugal, illustrated with Plates, by James Murphy, 
 
 Architect. 4to. London, 1795. Russia. 
 Murray : Historical Account of Discoveries in North America, including 
 
 the United States, Canada, &c., by Hugh Murray, Esq., F.R.S.E. 
 
 Svo. 2 vols. London, 1829. 
 
 Historical Account of Discoveries and Travels in Africa. 2d edi- 
 
 tion. Svo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1818. 
 
 Inquiries into the Character of Nations and the Progress of 
 
 Society. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1801. 
 
 Memoirs of the Lives and Characters of the Right Honourable 
 
 George Baillie, of Jerviswood, and of Lady Grisell Baillie, by 
 their Daughter, Lady Murray, of Stanhope. Svo. Edinburgh, 
 1822. Edited by Thomas Thomson, Esq., Advocate. 
 
 The Literary History of Galloway, by Thomas Murray, Esq., 
 
 LL.D. 2d edition. Svo. Edinburgh, 18 . 
 This is a favourable specimen of works of its class. The author (a particular Mend 
 of mine) is a native of the province, and treats the subject con amore. 
 
 • History of the European Languages, or Researches into the Affini 
 
 ties of the Teutonic, Greek, Celtic, Sclavonic, and Indian 
 Nations, by Alexander Murray, D.D., Professor of Oriental 
 Languages in the University of Edinburgh. Svo. 2 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1823. 
 
 N. 
 
 Napier : Lord Bacon and Sir Walter Raleigh, by Macvey Napier, Esq. 
 
 Post Svo. Cambridge, 1853. 
 
 These learned and valuable treatises were written by my highly esteemed friend the 
 
 late Editor of the Encyclopaedia Britannica and Edinburgh Review. They were 
 
 reprinted by his son, Mr. M. Napier, of the India House, to whom I am indebted 
 
 for this copy. 
 
261 
 
 Napier : History of the War in the Peninsula, and in the South of 
 France, from 1807 to 1814, by W. F. P. Napier, C.IJ. 8vo. 6 vols. 
 London, 183o. Calf, ex. 
 This is a standard work. It is the best military history to be found in this or perhaps 
 any other language. The subject is of the greatest interest, and no pains have been 
 spared to make the work worthy the subject. The well-instructed writer of the life 
 of Sir William Napier, in Knight's Cyclopaedia of iiiography, refers to it as follows: — 
 " The military history thus laboriously constructed is doubtless destined to descend to 
 a late posterity. The historian is skilled in the science and jiractice of war, is well- 
 informed in the politics of the time, and has written the work honestly, and in good 
 faith, from excellent materials, and in a tone of lofty and severe morality. The 
 narrative is exceedingly interesting. The leading events are distinctly traced and 
 connected, and the leading characters briefly but vividly sketched. The sites of the 
 battles are clearly described, and the arrangements, manoeuvres, and evolutions 
 made intelligible even to non-military readers. The descriptions of the combats, 
 battles, and sieges are in the highest degree forcible and animated, fix the atten- 
 tion, and excite the feelings. The style is original, clear, and vigorous; and 
 though somewhat laboured and declamatory, has a peculiar charm from its seem- 
 ing to be obviously the outpouring of his own collected thoughts and well con- 
 sidered convictions." 
 
 Napoleon : Memoires de Napoleon, ecrits u Ste. Helena sous sa Dictee 
 par les Generaux qui ont partage sa Captivite. 2de ed. 8vo. 9 vols. 
 Paris, 1830, See, also, Norvins. 
 These memoirs are really what they are said to be, the composition of the most 
 extraordinary, and, we believe, also the greatest man of modern times, of one who 
 ranks with the Hannibals and Caesars of antiquity. Hence it is needless to say 
 that they are of surpassing interest. They were intended by Napoleon to set some 
 of the campaigns and transactions in which he had been engaged in their true 
 light. And though in writing witli such an object it be hardly possible for an 
 interested party to do entire justice to others, and maintain strict impartiality in 
 judging of events, yet it would be too much to expect that, under the like circum- 
 stances, a nearer approach should be made to that theoretical fairness which is so 
 very desirable. The memorials and notes bear for the most part the unmistakeable 
 impress of their author, and preclude all idea of their having been seriously 
 tampered with or modified by their reporters. 
 
 Nardixi : Roma Antica di Famiano Nardini, Accresciuta di Antonio 
 Nibby. 8vo, 4 vols. Roma, 1818. Vellum, gilt. 
 " The excellence of this work, its accuracy, judgment, and learning, must leave but 
 small gleanings for subsequent writers." — (Gibbon, Misc. Works, v. 343.) But this 
 anticipation of the great historian has hardly been verified ; the researches of 
 modem inquirers, and especially of the learned architect Canina {sec the name), 
 having rectified several mistakes in the works of Nardini and the earlier topo- 
 graphers ; and ascertained several positions that were either formerly unknown or 
 doubtful. 
 Nares : Elements of Orthoepy, containing the Analogy of the English 
 Language, so far as it relates to Pronunciation, Accent, and 
 Quantity, by R. Nares. A,M, 8vo. London, 1784. 
 A Glossary or Collection of Words, Phrases, Names, &c,, princi- 
 pally illustrative of Shakespeare and his Contemporaries. 4to. 
 London, 1822, Calf, ex. 
 Nation, State of the. Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. The Present State of the Nation, 1769 (usually ascribed t( 
 
 George Grenville, but really written by his Secretary— Knox 
 Mahon's England, v. 391). 
 
 2. Obsenations on a Late State of the Nation, by Edmund Burke, )■ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 1769. 
 
 3. An Appendix to the Present State of the Nation, by Mr. Knox, 
 
 1769. 
 
262 
 
 National Debt : History of. and of Taxes, from William the Conqueror 
 
 to the Year 1761. 8vo. London, 1761. 
 
 This book was formerly the property of Adam Smith, and has his book-plate. It was 
 
 given to me by the Rev. Mr. Cunningham, who married one of the heiresses of 
 
 Lord Reston, who was the heir of Adam Smith. See MS. Note inside the volume. 
 
 Naude : Apologie pour les Grands Hommes soupgonnes de la Magie, par 
 Gab. Naude. 12ino. Amsterdam, 1712. Calf, ex. From the 
 Library of Count Hoym. 
 
 ■ Considerations Politiques sur les Coups d'Etat, par, &c. 12mo. 
 
 (Sine loco), 1712. 
 This is a more Machiavellian work than the Prince of IMachiavel. The latter 
 keeps his want of principle somewhat out of sight ; but Naude seems to glory in 
 the display of his villany. Kings and ministers can do nothing which he is not 
 ready to approve and defend. He says that the plan of the massacre of St. Bar- 
 tholomew was long and well considered ; that it was just and necessary ; and he 
 finds nothing to object to in it, except that it was not properly carried out; qu'elle 
 n'a ete faite qua demi ! (p. 130). It is needless to say more of the spirit in which 
 this book is written ; but Ave may add, that its baseness, its contempt for sound 
 morality and fair dealing, is not in any degree atoned for or excused by its superior 
 ability or power to make the worse appear the better cause. It is learned and 
 clever, but it is as shallow as it is profligate. In his private conduct, however, 
 Naude is said to have been comparatively unimpeachable. 
 The first edition of the Considerations, which is extremely rare, was published at 
 Rome, in 4to, in 1639. Naude, who was born in 1600, died in 16.53. A list of 
 his works, which are very numerous, is given by Niceron, ix. 83, &c. 
 
 Navarrete, Collection des Voyages, par Don M. F. De. See Colomb. 
 
 Necker : Eloge de Jean Baptiste Colbert, par M. Necker. 4to. Paris, 
 1773, See Commerce, Corn Trade, &c. 
 
 Neill : Tour in the Orkney and Shetland Isles, by Patrick Neill, A.M. 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1806. 
 
 Netherlands : Recherches Statistiques sur le Royaume des Pays-Bas, 
 par MM. Smits et Quetelet. 3 very valuable tracts. 8vo. Bruxelles, 
 1827-29. 
 
 Neujian and Baretti's Dictionary of the Spanish and English Lan- 
 guages. 7th edition, by M. Seoane, M.D. 8vo, 2 vols. London, 
 1831. 
 
 Neutrality, Tracts on, in 8vo. — 
 
 1. Discourse on the Conduct of Great Britain in respect to Neutral 
 
 Nations, by Lord Hawkesbury, 1794. 
 
 2. Letters of Sulpicius on the Northern Confederacy, 1801. 
 
 3. Exposition of the Motives of the King of Prussia for attaching 
 
 the Funds which guaranteed a Loan made by British Subjects, j 
 in French and English, 1752. 
 
 4. Collection of Public Acts and Papers on the Principles of Armed j 
 
 Neutrality, 1780-81. 1801. J 
 
 1 Argument of Dr. Croke in the High Court of Admiralty in the 
 Case of the Hendrick and Maria, 1800. 
 
 2. Memoire Justificatif de la Conduite de la Grande Bretagne en 
 
 arrotant les Navires Etrangers et les Munitions de Guerre 
 destines aux Insurgens de I'Amerique, 1801. 
 
 3. Examination of the British Doctrine which subjects to Capture 
 
 a Neutral Trade not open in Time of Peace, 1806. 
 
 4. The Case of the Dutch Ships Considered, by James Marriott, 
 
 LL.D. 1778. 
 
 1 vol. 
 Very 
 scarce. 
 
 vol. 
 
263 
 
 - 1 
 
 ,1 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 1 vol. 
 scarce. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 Half mor. 
 
 Scarce. 
 
 Neutuality, Tracts on, in 8vo. — co7it. 
 
 1. Examination of the British Doctrine which subjects to Capture 
 
 a Neutral Trade not open in Time of Peace. 2d edition. 
 1806. 
 
 2. Letter from the Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States 
 
 to Ix)rd Mulgrave, late Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 23d 
 Sept. 180o. 
 S. Belligerent Kights asserted and vindicated against Neutral En- 
 croachments, 1806. 
 
 4. AVar in Disguise, or the Frauds of the Neutral Flags, 1806. 
 
 5. An Answer to War in Disguise, 1806. 
 
 1. Orders in Council, or an Examination of the Justice, Legality, " 
 
 and Policy of the New System of Commercial Kegulations, 
 1808. 
 
 2. An Inquiry into the Causes and Consequences of the Orders in 
 
 Council, by Alexander Bai'ing, M.P.) afterwards Lord Ash- 
 biu-ton), 1808. 
 
 \. On the Visitation of Neutral Vessels under Convoy, by J. F. W. 
 
 Schlegel. 1801. 
 2. Eemarks on the above work, by Alexander Croke, Esq., LL.D. 
 
 1801. 
 
 1. A Eeport on the Judgment of the Court of Admiralty on the"^ 
 
 Swedish Convoy, by Sir Wm. Scott. 1799. 
 
 2. An Examination of the Sentence in the Case of the Swedish Con 
 
 voy, by Professor Schlegel. 1800. 
 
 3. Remarks on Mr. Schlegel's Work upon the Visitation of Neutral 
 
 Vessels under Convoy, by Alexander Croke, Esq., L.L.D 
 1801. 
 
 4. Letters of Sulpicius on the Northern Confederacy. 1801. 
 I owe this volume to the kindness of nvy old friend Mr. Stibbs. 
 
 Neutres, Commerce des, daus les Colonies Fran^aises, avec un Disserta- 
 tion sur la Traitc et le Commerce des Negres, &c. 12mo. Paris, 
 1756-1764. 
 
 NEWEXnAsr. See Population, Works on. 
 
 NE"NrMAN : A Familiar Introduction to the History of Insects, being a new 
 and greatly improved edition of the Grammar of Entomology, by 
 Edward Newman, F.L.S., &c. 8vo. London, 1841. 
 
 Newtoni (Isaaci), Eq. Aurati, PhilosophijE Naturalis Principia Mathe- 
 niatica : Perpetuis Commeutariis illustrata, conununi studio 
 Thomas Le Sueur et Francisci Jacquier. Koyal 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Glasgua;, 1833. Uncut; Russia, ex., llayday. Portrait inserted. 
 
 The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms amended. 4to. Loudon, 
 
 1728. Large paper. Calf, ex. 
 
 Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac 
 
 Newton, by Sir David Brewster. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1855. See, also, Maclaurin and Pemberton. 
 This greatest of all philosophers, qui genus humanum genio superavit, bom 1642, 
 died 1727. 
 
 " Nature and Nature's Laws lay hid in Night ; 
 God said ' Let Newton be !' and all was Light." 
 
 Newtox — MoTTE : The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 
 by Sir Isaac Newton, translated into English by Andrew 
 Motte. 8vo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1729. Large paper. Calf, 
 gilt leaves. 
 
264 
 
 Newton — Colson : Newton's Method of Fluxions from the Latin of Sir 
 
 Isaac Newton, by John Qolson, MA. 4to, London, 1736. 
 Correspondence of Sir Isaac Newton and Professor Cotes, includ- 
 ing Letters of other eminent Men, by J. Edleston, M.A. 8vo. 
 London, 1850. 
 
 A History of Discoveries at Halicarnassus (hod. Budrum), Cnidus, 
 
 and Branchida?, by C. T. Newton, M. A., assisted by R. P. Pullan, 
 F.R.I.B.A. 8vo., with a folio volume of plates. London, 1862. 
 This is a very interesting work. Halicarnassus is celebrated in antiquity for being 
 the seat of the famous monument raised by Artemisia, Queen of Caria, to per- 
 petuate the memory of her husband Mausolus, whence the term mausoleum. It 
 was reckoned one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Judging from the 
 description of it given by Pliny (Hist. Nat. lib. xxxvi. c. 5), it appears to have 
 been nearly a square, 411 feet in circumference. Its lotver or perpendicular 
 portion was surmounted by a pjTamid, terminating in a narrow space, on which 
 were a chariot and four spirited horses. Pliny states that the perpendicular and 
 pyramidal portions of the building were of equal elevation ;* and as he also states 
 that the entire building was 140 feet high, it follows that they must have been 
 respectively 70 feet in height. It is further stated that it was surrounded by 
 columns, each being 2.5 cubits, or 37-5 feet, in height, which, assuming the measures 
 quoted to be correct, supposes that the basement, or podium, on which the columns 
 rested, was considerably elevated. The ditferent sides of the building were 
 sculptured by the greatest artists of the time, who contended with each other for 
 the palm of factory. 
 Such is the description given by Pliny of this noble building ; but earthquakes, and 
 the still more powerful influence of war and barbarian violence, have so over- 
 whehned this stupendous fabric that even its site had become a subject of dispute. 
 
 " Tantum jEvi longinqua valet mutare vetustas." 
 But Mr. Newton, having been employed by Government to investigate the subject, 
 has succeeded in discovering and tracing the site of the mausoleum, and in recover- 
 ing many pieces of sculpture that had undoubtedly ranked among its ornaments. 
 His investigations are all very interesting, and throw a strong and steady light over 
 what was one of the most interesting objects of the ancient world. 
 The plates are very beautifully executed. I am indebted for this copy of the work, 
 which is necessarily expensive, to my noble friend Lord Overstone. 
 
 NiCERON : Memoires pour servir a I'Histoire des Hommes illustres dans 
 la Republique des Lettres, par J. P. Niceron. 12mo. 43 vols, in 44 
 tomes. Paris, 1729, &c. 
 This is a work of great research and merit. The Author, who belonged to the 
 order of Barnabites, intended that it should comprise an account of the lives, with 
 lists of the works, of all the most distinguished personages that had appeared in the 
 literary world from the revival of letters down to his own times. It was not to 
 be expected that an undertaking so vast, and requiring so great a variety of re- 
 searches, could be satisfactorily executed by an individual. But Niceron did all 
 that the most unwearied industry and various learning could effect in a life which 
 extended to only about 53 years. The work contains about 1,600 notices. Its 
 principal defects are a want of criticism and of proportion in the articles, those 
 referring to obscure and little known individuals being frequently as lengthened 
 and elaborate as those that refer to the most illustrious personages. But despite 
 these and other blemishes, it occupies a high place among the very best works on 
 literary history. The good faith and diligence of the author are unimpeachable ; 
 and his lists of the works and their editions of the different parties he brings under 
 review are peculiarly valuable. Niceron, who was born at Paris in 1685, died in 
 1738, when the 39th volume of his great work was in the press. It was finished 
 by his fi-iends MjNI. Ondin, ilichault, and Gouget. A life of Niceron by the latter 
 is given in the 40th vol. pp. 379-396. 
 
 * This is Pliny's statement as corrected by Mr. Pullan ; but it may be doubted whether his 
 reading should be preferred 
 
Uniform, 
 calf, ex. 
 
 265 
 
 Nicholson : An Introduction to Natnrul Pliilosoi)hy, by William Nichol- 
 son. 3d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1790. 
 
 Nicolas : A History of the Koyal Navy, from the Earliest Times to the 
 French Kevolution, by Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, G.C.M.G. 
 8vo, 2 vols. LoMdoii, 1N47. 
 Owing to the death of the author, this Avork only comes down to 1422. 
 
 See Peerages. 
 
 NicOLS: The Lapidary, or the History of Pretions Stones, by Thomas 
 Nicols, Jesus College, Cambridge. 4to. Cambridge, lGo2. Calf, ex. 
 Curious. 
 
 NicoLsox : The English, Scotch, and Irish Historical Libraries, by W. 
 
 Nicolsou, Bishop of Carlisle. 4to. London, 1776. Kussia. 
 NiEBUiiR : Voyage en Arable et en d'autres Pays circon-" 
 
 voisins, par Carsten Niebuhr. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 Amsterdam, 1776. 
 
 Description de I'Arabie, faite sur des Observations 
 
 propres, et des Avis recueillis dans les lieux 
 memes. 4to. Amsterdam, 1774. 
 
 Questions proposees par Michaelis a Mess, les 
 
 Vovageurs en Arable. 4to. Amsterdam, 
 1774. 
 
 The History of Rome, by B. G. Niebuhr, translated by Julius 
 
 Charles Hare, M.A., and Connop Thirlwall, M.A. 3d edition. 
 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1837. 
 
 NizoLii (M.) Lexicon Ciceronianum, juxta editiouem Facciolati. 8vo. 
 3 vols. Londini, 1820. Uncut. Half mor., H. 
 
 NoDiER : Questions de Litterature Legale ; du Plagiat, de la Supposition 
 d'Auteurs, &c., par Charles Nodier. 8vo. Paris, 1828. 
 
 Noel et De la Place : Le9ons Fran9aises de Litterature et de Morale, 
 &c., par MM. Noel et De la Place. 18me edition. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 
 1830. Calf, ex. 
 
 NooDT — Barbetkac : Du Pouvoir des Souverains, et de la Liberte de 
 Conscience ; traduit du Latin de M. Noodt par Jean Barbeyrac. 2de 
 edition. 12mo. Amsterdam, 1714. 
 
 North : The Lives of the Hon. T. North, Lord Guildford, of the Hon. 
 Sir Dudley North, and of the Hon. and Rev. Dr. John North, by their 
 Brother, the Hon. Roger North. New edition. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 
 1826. Calf, ex., H. & B. See, also, Commerce, he. 
 
 Northcote : Fables, Original and Selected, by James Northcote, Esq., 
 R.A. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1829-1833. Half mor., uncut. 
 
 Northumberland : The Regulations and Establishment of the House- 
 hold of the fifth Earl of Northumberland, by Dr. Percy, Bishop of 
 Dromore. New edition. 8vo. Pickering, London, 1827. 
 
 NORVINS — Napolj^on : Histoire de I'Empereur Napoleon, par M. Norvins. 
 2de ed. 8vo. 4 vols. Paris, 1829. Half mor. 
 A rapid and superficial sketch of the leading events in the life of Napoleon. 
 
266 
 
 0. 
 
 Ocellus Lucanus on the Nature of the Universe, Taurus the Platonic 
 Philosopher, &c., translated from the Originals, by Thomas Taylor. 
 8vo. London, 1831. 
 
 OcKLEY : The History of the Saracens, by Simon Ockley, B.D. 3d edi- 
 tion. Bvo. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1758. Calf, gilt. 
 " Mahomet and his Saracens soon fixed my attention ; and some instinct of 
 criticism directed me to the genuine sources. Simon Ockley, an original in every 
 sense, first opened my eyes ; and I was led from one book to another, till 1 had 
 ranged round the circle of Oriental History." — (Gibbon, Misc. AYorks, i. 42.) 
 
 Oexmelin : Histoire des Avanturiers Flibustiers qui se sont signalez 
 dans les Indes, &c., par A. O. Oexmelin, enrichi des Figures, &c. 
 Nouvelle edition. 12mo. 4 vols, a Trevoux, 1744. Calf, gilt. Scarce. 
 
 This is an interesting work. The persons whose practices and adventures it 
 describes are known in this country by the name of Buccaneers. They were a sort 
 of pirates or sea-robbers established in the West Indies, Tortuga being their head- 
 quarters, famous alike for their daring and their marvellous exploits. 
 
 The term buccaneer is derived from boucan, the Indian name of the meat dried in 
 the sun used by these adventurers ; and flibustiers is most probably a corruption 
 by the French of the English word freebooters. They comprised individuals of 
 most mariiime nations, but consisted principally of English and French sailors, 
 with a large admixture of outlaws, and of all sorts of desperate adventurers, held 
 together by a system of severe but equitable self-government. They grew into 
 consideration in the earlier part of the sixteenth century. At first they engaged 
 principally in the hunting of wild cattle on the coasts of Hispaniola and other Spanish 
 settlements. But they soon turned to more congenial pursuits. The fact of the 
 countries to which they belonged being very often at war with Spain, gave them 
 a pretext for attacking her ships and colonies, and the wealth of the latter, and 
 their comparatively defenceless condition, inflaming at once their love of adven- 
 ture and of riches, they prosecuted for a long series of years their attacks on the 
 Spaniards with a boldness and success that excited general astonishment. 
 
 It is not to be supposed that such parties always confined their depredations to 
 Spanish ships and property. When these were wanting, those of other nations 
 that fell in their way were apt to be treated with little ceremony. The gradual 
 growth of navigation and commerce, and the sounder views of their interests that 
 began to prevail among the powers of Europe, eventually proved fatal to the 
 buccaneers. They did not survive the seventeenth century. 
 
 There is a short and good account of these adventurers in Russell's "Modem 
 Europe," v. pp. 36-50 ; and see also Burney's account of the Buccaneers, the 
 article on them in the Ency. Britannica, Dampier's Voyages, &c., &c. 
 
 Ogilvie : An Essay on the Right of Property in Land, &c., by 
 
 Ogilvie. 8vo. London, 1786 ? 
 A shallow and worthless system of agrarianism. The Author, a Professor at 
 Aberdeen, was a preceptor, and continued thereafter to be a friend of Mackintosh. 
 
 Olivier : Histoire de Philippe, Roi de Macedoine, par M. Olivier. 12mo. 
 2 vols. Paris, 1740. 
 
 Orpheus — Tatlor : The Mystical Hymns of Orpheus, translated from 
 the Greek by Thomas Taylor. Post 8vo. Chiswick, 1824. Dark 
 mor., gilt. 
 
 Orrery: Letters from Italy in the Years 1754-55, by John Earl of 
 Cork and Orrery. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1774. 
 
Ortiz : Eusayo Econoniico sobre el Sistema de la Monecla-pa]icl ; y sobro 
 el Credito Publico, por Don Joseph Alonso Ortiz. 8vo. 179G. 
 
 OssiAN. See Macplierson. 
 
 Otuesciikoff : Do I'Or ct do I'Arfiont, lourorigino, accuinulation actuello, 
 &c. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 18d6. 
 
 Ottley : An Inquiry into the Origin and Early History of Engraving 
 upon Copper and in Wood, with an Account of Engravers and their 
 Works from the Invention of Chalcography, by ]M. Einiguerra, to the 
 Time of M. A. Kunioudi, by William Young Ottley, E.S.A. 4to. 
 2 vols. London, 1816. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 A work of great authority. 
 
 OuDiNOT : De I'ltalio, ct de ses Forces Militaires, parlc General Oudinot. 
 8vo. Paris, 1835. 
 
 OuvAROFF : Essay on the ^Mysteries of Eleusis, by M. Ouvaroff, from 
 the French by Price, with Notes by Christie. 8vo. London, 1817. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 OvERSTONE (Lord) : Tracts and other Publications on Metallic and Paper 
 Currency, by (my noble and excellent friend) the Right Hon. 
 Lord Overstone. (Privately printed.) 8vo. London, 1857. 
 This volume comprises the following tracts, &c., viz. : — 
 
 1. Eeflections suggested by a Perusal of Mr. J. Horsley Palmers Pamphlet on the 
 
 Causes and Consequences of the Pressure on the Money Market, 1837. 
 
 2. Remarks on the Management of the Circulation and on the Condition and Conduct 
 
 of the Bank of England and of the Country Issuers, during the year 1839. 1840. 
 
 3. A Letter to J. B. Smith, Esq., President of the Manchester Chamber of Com- 
 
 merce, 1840. 
 
 4. Effects of the Administration of the Bank of England. A Second Letter to J. B. 
 
 Smith, Esq., President of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, 1841. 
 
 5. Thoughts on the Separation of the Departments of the Bank of England, 1844. 
 
 6. The Petition of the Merchants, Bankers, and Traders of London, against the 
 
 Bank Charter Act ; with Comments on each Clause, 1847. 
 
 7. Letters to the Editor of " The Times " on the Bank Charter Act of 1844, and on 
 
 the State of the Currency in 1855-1857. 
 
 8. Extracts fi-om the Evidence of S. J. Loyd, Esq., before the Select Committee of the 
 
 House of Commons, on Banks of Issue in 1840. 
 
 9. Extracts from the Evidence of S. J. Loyd, Esq., before the Secret Committee of 
 
 the House of Lords of 1848, on Commercial Distress. 
 10. Extracts from the Evidence of S. J. Loyd, Esq., before the Select Committee of 
 
 the House of Commons of 1848, on Commercial Distress. 
 And there is included in the volume the Speech of Lord Overstone in the House of 
 Lords, 15th March 18G0, on the Commercial Treaty with France. 
 
 The Evidence given by Lord Overstone before the Select Com- 
 mittee of the House of Commons of 1857, on Bank Acts, with 
 Additions. 8vo. London, 1858. 
 
 Lord Overstone's Tracts are all excellent, being admirable alike for the uniform 
 soundness of their doctrines, the perfect ac(juaintance of the Author with the de- 
 tails of the subject, their skilful arrangement, and the graces of their style. Since 
 Kicardo, no writer on currency has combined the same wide range of theoretical 
 and of practical information as Lord Overstone, or has been so able to detect 
 plausible fallacies, and to elicit and illustrate true principles, however obscured by 
 sophistry, prejudice, or interest. The study of his Lordship's evidence before the 
 Committee of 1857 is a high intellectual treat. 
 
268 
 
 OvERSTONE (Lord) — cont. 
 
 In addition to the publications of -which Lord Overstone is the Author, he has en- 
 riched the literature of Political Economy by reprinting, and extensively distri- 
 buting, the following Tracts, the greater number of which were as rare as they are 
 valuable. They comprise, viz. : — 
 
 Commerce. 
 
 1. Observations touching Trade and Commerce with the Hollander 
 
 and other Nations, by Sir Walter Raleigh, Knt. 
 
 2. Navigation and Commerce, their Original and Progress, &c., in 
 
 which his Majesty's title to the Dominion of the Sea is 
 asserted, by J. EveljTi, Esq., S.R.S. 1674. 
 
 3. Extracts from a Plan of the English Commerce, being a com- 
 
 plete Prospect of the Trade of this Nation, by Daniel Defoe. 
 2d edition. 1730. 
 
 4. An Essay on the Causes of the Decline of the Foreign Trade. 
 
 2d edition. 1750. 
 
 5. A brief Essay on the Advantages and Disadvantages which j. j y^j^ 
 
 respectively attend France and Great Britain with regard to 
 Trade, by Josiah Tucker, M.A. The 3d edition, with ad- 
 ditions. 1753. 
 
 6. Proposals made by the Prince of Orange, to the States General, 
 
 and to the States of Holland and West Freizland, for re- 
 dressing and amending the Trade of the Republic, 1751. 
 
 7. A Vindication of Commerce and the Arts, by J — B — , M.D. 
 
 1758. 
 
 8. New and Old Principles of Trade compared ; or a Treatise on 
 
 the Principles of Commerce between Nations, 1788. 
 
 National Debt and Sinking Fund : — 
 
 1. An Essay upon Publick Credit, 1710. 
 
 2. A Letter to a Friend, in which is shown the In\'iolable Nature 
 
 of Publick Securities, 1717. 
 
 3. An Essay on the Publick Debts of this Kingdom. In a Letter 
 
 to a Member of the House of Commons. 1 726. 
 
 4. A State of the National Debt, as it stood December the 24th, 
 
 1716, compared with the Debt at Michaelmas, 1725. 
 
 5. A Defence of an Essay on the Publick Debts of this Kingdom, 
 
 &c., by the Author of the Essay. 1727. 
 
 6. Representation of the House of Commons to His Majesty 
 
 George II., &c. (Commons Journals, 8 April, 1728). 
 
 7. Of Public Credit, &c.. by Da-v-id Hume, Esq. 1752. 
 
 8. Account of the National Debt, from Blackstone's Commentaries, [• 1 vol. 
 
 Book I. cap. 8. 
 
 9. An Appeal to the Public on the Subject of the National Debt, 
 
 by Richard Price, D.D., F.R.S. 1774. 
 
 10. Extracts from a Tract entitled The Challenge ; or Patriotism 
 put to the Test, in a Letter to Dr. Price, by Jos. Wimpey. 
 1772. 
 
 11. Note on the Sinking Fund established by lilr. Pitt, in 
 
 1786. 
 
 12. Considerations on the Annual Million Bill, and on the Real 
 and Imaginary Properties of a Sinking Fund, 1787. 
 
 13. An Inquiry concerning the Rise, Progress, Redemption, Pre- 
 
 sent State, and Management of the National Debt of Great 
 Britain and Ireland, by Robert Hamilton, LL.D. 1818. 
 
 Paper Currency and Banking : — 
 
 1. A Discourse concerning the Currencies of the British Planta- 
 
 tions in America, especially with regard to their Paper Money 
 1740. 
 
 2. Banks and Paper Money, from Essays, Moral, Political, &c., by 
 
 David Hume, Esq. 1752. 
 
269 
 
 OVERSTONE (Lord) — COW/. 
 
 Paper Currency and Banking — cont. 
 
 3. Essay on Paper Money and Ranking, from Essays on the Public 
 
 Debt, Frugality. &c. 175"). 
 
 4. Essay on Banks and Paper Credit, ft-om Characteristics of the 
 
 present state of Great 15ritain, 1758. 
 
 5. Note on the Suspension of Cash I'ayments at the Bank of 
 
 England, in 1797. 
 
 6. The Utility of Country Banks considered, &c. 1802. 
 
 7. An Inquiry into the Nature and EflFects of the Paper Credit of 
 
 Great Britain, by Henry Thornton, Esq., il.P. 1802. 
 
 8. Note on the State of the Exchange between London and Dublin, 
 
 from 1797 to 1S04. 
 
 9. Remarks on Paper Currency ; from a Treatise on the Coins of 
 
 the Kealm, by the Earl of Liverpool, 1 805. 
 
 10. The High Price of Bullion, a Proof of the Depreciation of 
 
 Bank Notes, by David Ricardo. The fourth edition cor- 
 rected. 1811. 
 
 11. Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons 
 
 on the High Price of Gold Bullion, 1810. 
 
 12. Observations on the I'rinciples which regulate the Course of 
 
 Exchange, by William Blake, Esq., F.K.S. 1810. 
 
 13. The Question concerning the Depreciation of our Currency 
 
 stated and examined, by W. Huskisson, Esq., M.P. 3d 
 edition. 1810. 
 
 !- 1 vol. 
 
 Miscellaneous Tracts : — 
 
 1. An Apology for the Builder ; or a Discourse showing the Cause 
 
 and Effects of the Increase of Building, 1685. 
 
 2. Giving Alms no Charity, and Employing the Poor a Grievance 
 
 to the Nation, 1704. 
 
 3. A View of the Greenland Trade and Whale-Fishery, &c. 
 
 1722. 
 
 4. An Apology for the Business of Pawnbroking, by a Pawn- 
 
 broker, 1744. 
 
 5. Extracts from the Works of Dr. Franklin, on Population, Com- 
 
 merce, &c. 
 
 6. Reflections on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth, by 
 
 M. Turgot, 1793. 
 
 7. Extract from an Inquiry into the Nature of the Com Laws ; \- \ vol. 
 
 with a View to the New Com Bill proposed for Scotland, 
 1777. 
 
 8. A Treatise on the Maritime Laws of Rhodes, by Alexander 
 
 C. Schomberg, M.A. 1786. 
 
 9. A Dissertation on the Poor Laws, by a Well-Wisher to Mankind 
 
 (the Rev. .Joseph Townsend), 1786. 
 
 10. Thoughts and Details on Scarcity, &c., by the Right Hon. 
 
 Edmund Burke. 1800. 
 
 11. An Inquiry into the Policy and .Justice of the Prohibition of 
 
 the Use of Grain in the Distilleries, &c., by Archibald Bell, 
 
 Esq., Advocate, 1808. 
 
 (These Tracts were edited by J. R. M'C.) 
 
 Ottoxis (Everard), De Diis vialibus Plerorumque Populorum Dissertatio. 
 Post 8vo. HalsB Mag., 1714. Very scarce. 
 
 Oxford, English Prize Poems. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 12mo. 8th edition. Oxford, 1834. 
 
270 
 
 P. 
 
 P^DOTROPHiA. See Tytler. 
 
 Pagan : Sketch of the History of Glasgow, by James Pagan. 8vo. Glas- 
 gow, 1847. 
 Paget : Hungary and Transylvania, with Remarks on their Condition, 
 Social, Political, and Economical, by John Paget, Esq. Svo. 
 2 vols. London, 1839. 
 The best English work on Hungary. 
 
 The New Examen, or an Inquiry into the Evidence relating to 
 
 certain Passages in Lord Macaulay's History, by John Paget, 
 Barrister. Post Svo. Edinburgh, 1861. 
 This is a clever work. But it would have been more effective had it discussed the 
 various questions treated of with some show of moderation, and with a less 
 obvious determination to find Macaulay uniformly wrong. It is, also, dis- 
 figured by some miserable attempts at fine and forcible writing. On the whole, 
 however, Mr. Paget has exposed and refuted sundry exaggerations and mis- 
 statements to be found in Lord Macaulay's history. Some of the worst of the 
 imputations with which he has endeavoured to blacken the memories of Penn, 
 Marlborough, and Dundee are shown to have either no foundation, or to be so 
 distorted and perverted as to have little resemblance to what really took place. 
 
 Paine, Thomas, Tracts by, viz. : — 
 
 1. Common Sense, addressed to the Inhabitants of America, to"^ 
 
 which is added an Appendix, by Thomas Paine. 9th edition. 
 1792. 
 
 2. Rights of Man, being an Answer to Mr. Burke's Attack on the 
 
 French Revolution, by Thomas Paine. 9th edition. 1792. 
 
 3. Part Second — Rights of Man. 9th edition. 
 
 4. A Letter Addressed to the Abbe Raynal on the Affairs of North 
 
 America, by Thomas Paine, 1792. 
 
 5. Letter to the Earl of Shelburn, now Marquis of Lansdowne, on 
 
 his Speech, July 10th, 1782, respecting the Acknowledgement 
 of American Independence, with an Appendix, containing 
 Thoughts on the Peace, by Thomas Paine. 9th edition. 1792. 
 
 6. A Letter to Mr. Secretary Dundas ; also Two Letters to Lord 
 
 Onslow, from Thomas Paine, 1792. 
 
 Palearii (Aonii) Opera Omnia. 8vo. Ed. optima. Amsteltedami, 1696. 
 
 CM. Calf, gilt. Very scarce. See Capicii. 
 
 Palearius having become a convert to the reformed doctrines, was condemned by 
 
 the Inquisition, and executed. As an especial favour, he was hung before being 
 
 burned ! An elaborate account of his Life and Times has recently been given to the 
 
 public by Mrs. Young. 
 
 Paley : The Works of William Paley, D.D., with Life by A. Chalmers. 
 Svo. 5 vols. London, 1819. Calf, ex. 
 Paley is one of the most deservedly popular writers in the English language. " His 
 works are all characterised by a remarkably clear and forcible style, very simple, 
 with an air of earnestness, generally devoid of ornament, and often homely; but 
 occasionally rising into a manly and powerful eloquence " (Dr. Whately). In 
 some respects, indeed, Paley's style may be reckoned too good ; for there can be 
 no doubt that he would have been reckoned more profound had he been less 
 intelligible. 
 The character of his style extends to his thoughts. He discusses and compares evi- 
 dence with singular skill. But the principles to which he appeals, especially io 
 
 1 vol. 
 
271 
 
 Palet — cont. 
 
 his Moral Philosophy, are often narrow and unsound, so that his conclusions, 
 even -when correct, have not unfrequently an empirical asj)ect. But they are 
 generally right, though sometimes derived from erroneous data. He lays 
 too much stress on revealed doctrines, but as these generally coincide with those 
 deduced fiom a proper perception of the great principle of public utility there 
 results little practical inconvenience. 
 Pallas : Travels in the Southern Paris of Russia, from the German of 
 
 P. 8. Pallas. 4to. 2 vols., coloured plates. London, 1802. Russia, 
 
 marbled leaves. 
 Paolo (Fra.), or Father Paul (Sarpi) : A Treatise on Ecclesiastical 
 
 Benefices and Revenues, from the Italian of Father P<aul, with a Life of 
 
 the Author by IMr. Lockman. 3d edition. 8vo. Westminster, 173G. 
 
 Old calf. See Trent, Council of. 
 This very learned and able publication is extremely hostile to the pretensions of the 
 Church and of the Popes. 
 
 Papes. See Abreges Chronologiques. 
 
 Papillox (M. De) : Traitc Ilistorique et Pratique de la Gravure en Bois. 
 
 8vo. 2 tomes. Paris, 17G6. Old calf. 
 Pardessus: Collection des Loix Maritimes. See Maritime Law, &c. 
 Parian Chronicle, Tracts relating to the Authenticity of, viz. : — 
 
 1. The Parian Chronicle, or the Chronicle of the Arundelian ' 
 
 Atarbles, -with a Dissertation concerning its Authenticity, (by 
 the Rev. J. Kobertson.) 8vo. 1788. 
 
 2. A Vindication of the Authenticity of the Parian Chronicle, by 
 
 the Eev. John Hewlett. 8vo. 1789. 
 
 3. Answers to some Critical Strictures relative to the Controversy 
 
 on the Parian Chronicle, in a Letter t<? the Rev. J. Robertson, 
 
 by the Rev. John Hewlett. 8vo. 1789. 
 These Tracts, especially the first, in which the authenticity of the Chronicle is 
 attacked, display much learning and ingenuity, with some sophistry. The last 
 has been written when the author was in a towering passion, and is of little or no 
 value. 
 The Arundelian marbles, on which the Chronicle is inscribed, derived their name from 
 their having been collected for the Earl of Arundel (temp. James I. and Charles I.) 
 by Mr. "William Petty. But there has been great uncertainty who this Petty was. 
 It has been frequently said that he was no other than the famous Sir A\'illiam 
 Petty ; but this could not be the case, seeing that the marbles were brought to 
 England in 1627, when Sir "William Petty (born 1623) was only four years 
 old ! The learned antiquary Mr. Gough appears, however, to have solved the 
 dilEculty ; for he discovered that a Mr. William Petty, Fellow of Jesus College, 
 Cambridge, had previously gone to Lord Arundell's to be tutor to his sons ; and he, 
 no doubt, was the person employed to collect the marbles (Gough's Defence of 
 the Authenticity of the Marbles, Archaologia, ix. 182.) 
 
 Parish: Buenos Ayres and the Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, includ- 
 ing their History, Statistics, &c., by Sir Woodbine Parish. 2d edition. 
 8vo. London, 1852. 
 Park. See Walpole. 
 
 Parker : Glossary of Terms used in the Greek, Roman, Italian, and 
 Gothic Architecture, with a Companion Volume, and many hun- 
 dred Cuts and Plates, (bv J. IL Parker, Oxford.) 4th edition. 8vo. 
 3 vols. Oxford, 1845. Calf, ex., gilt leaves, &c. 
 This is an excellent and an extremely useful publication. It is the work of a book- 
 seller in Oxford, who has shown that he knows how to conipopc as well as to 
 sell first-class books. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
272 
 
 Pakkes : The Prerogative of Creating Peers (by Joseph Parkes, Esq.) 
 8vo. London, 1856. 
 
 This acute and able pamphlet was written in vindication of the project, brought 
 forward in 1855, for creating Peers for life. The author, Avhom I am happy to 
 be able to reckon among my particular friends, has in the press a Life of Sir 
 Philip Francis, which will, no doubt, make a valuable addition to our political 
 literature. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers, Reports, &c., nearly 100 vols of. Folio. London, 
 V. Y. Half bound. 
 
 Parliamentary Portraits ; or, Sketches of the Public Character of some 
 of the most distinguished Speakers of the House of Commons, (by 
 Thomas Barnes, Esq.) 8vo. London, 1815. 
 
 The estimates given in this volume of the talent and public character of the 
 leading members of the House of Commons, of the period to which they refer, 
 though evincing considerable ability, are hardly, perhaps, so good as might have 
 been expected from their author. But it would not be fair to compare these 
 specimens of his early writing with his more matured compositions. Barnes, 
 who was an excellent scholar, occupied from about 1820 down to his 
 death, in 1841, the distinguished position of editor of the Times; and his ex- 
 tensive knowledge, his tact, and his lucid and vigorous style materially con- 
 tributed to raise that paper to the pre-eminence it has long held among English 
 journals. " It is painful to think," says a late writer, " that a man who exer- 
 cised such an immense influence over public opinion as Barnes did for fully 20 
 years, should be so wholly forgotten as he appears to be, by the existing gene- 
 ration" (Eraser's Magazine for February 1862). 
 
 We sympathise with this statement, and have no doubt that a short life of Barnes, 
 with extracts from the Times of some of his best articles, would rescue his 
 memory from oblivion, and be a desirable publication. 
 
 Parnaso Espanol: Colleccion de Poesias Escogidas de los mas celebres 
 Poetas Castellanos. 12mo. 9 vols. Madrid, 1768. 
 
 Parnell on Financial Reform. See Taxation, Finance, &c.. Works on. 
 
 See, also. Tracts on Ireland. 
 
 A Treatise on Roads, wherein the Principles on Avhich they 
 
 should be made are Explained and Illustrated, by the Right 
 Hon. Sir Henry Parnell, Bart. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1838. 
 
 Parr, Dr. See Bibliotheca Parriana in Bibliography, and Metaphysical 
 Tracts. 
 
 Parvenir : Le Moyen de Parvenir. Nouvelle edition. 12mo. 3 vols. 
 Londres, (Paris,) 1786. 
 
 Pascal : Q^uvres de Blaise Pascal. 8vo. 5 vols. La Haye, (Paris,) 
 1779. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 Lettres ecrites a un Provincial, par Blaise Pascal, precedees 
 
 d'uu Eloge de Pascal. 12mo. Paris, 1842. 
 
 " Toutes les sortes d'oloquence sont renfermces dans le recueil des Lettres Provinciales. 
 II n'y a pas un seul mot, qui depuis cent ans se soit ressenti du changement qui 
 altere souvent les langues vivantes. II faut rapporter a cet ouvrage I'epoque de la 
 fixation du langage. L'evoque de Lu9on, fils du celebre Bussi, m'a dit qu'ayant 
 demande a M. de Meaux quel ouvrage il eut mieux aime avoir fait, s'il n'avait pas 
 fait les siens, Bossuet lui repondit : Les Lettres Provinciales. Elles ont beaucoup 
 perdu de leur piquant lorsque le jesuites ont ete abolis, et les objets de leur 
 disputes mepriscs."— (Voltaire, Siccle de Louis XIV.) 
 
-27^ 
 
 Pascal : Pensees tie Pascal, preci'deos de sa Vic, p;u- ^Nlm;'. Pcricr, sa 
 
 Soeur, suivies d'uu Choix des Pensecs dc Nicole, iftc. l^ino. I'arif!, 
 
 1843. 
 
 " Lately read the first two volumes of Paseal, looked into the third, and planced 
 
 over the fourth and fifth. I shall say nothing of his transcendant {genius, or his 
 
 gloomy enthusiasm. They are known to every one. I'ayle calls him, I'uit des 
 
 plus sublimis esprits dit mondc. liis philosophical glances are wondeWul. The 
 
 summary of arguments for scepticism and dogmatism, especially the latter, is 
 
 perhaps the best in ancient or modem philosophy. The last contains in a single 
 
 page the whole system of Dr. Keid ; and it is but little to add that it contains in 
 
 the fii-st sentence the Avhole book of Dr. Beattie." — (Life of Mackintosh, i. 410.) 
 
 Pashley : Travels in Crete, by Robert Pasliley, Esq., Q.C. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Caml.rid-e, 1837. Calf, ex. 
 
 See, also, Poor, and Poor Laws. 
 
 Pastokkt : Zoroastre, Confucius, et Mahomet, par IM. De Pastoret. 2de 
 edition. 8vo. Paris, 1788. 
 
 IMovse consideree coinme Legislateur et comme ^Iorali.ste, par M. 
 
 dePastoret. 8vo. Paris, 1788. Half Russia. 
 
 Des Loix Rhodiennes. See Maritime Law. 
 
 Patersox (William) : the Merchant-Statesman, and Founder of the Bank 
 of England ; his Life and Trials, by S. Bauisicr, M.A. Post 8vo. 
 Edinburgh, 1858. 
 
 Paterson, -whose life forms the subject of this very desultory work, was in many 
 respects an extraordinary person. He appears to have been a native of Dum- 
 friesshire, being born, probably about 1G55 or 1G60. The accounts of his edu- 
 cation and early life are both contradictory and imperfect. It is, however, quite 
 certain that he found his way to the West Indies, though in what capacity is not 
 exactly known. He has been said, but probably on no good foundation, to have 
 been in some way associated with the Buccaneers. Alter his return home he 
 appears to have occupied rather a high position in London. He was, in fact, the 
 projector or founder of the Bank of England, without, however, having had 
 much, if anything, to do with its subsequent management No sooner, indeed, 
 had the bank been set on foot than he commenced a project for founding a 
 Scotch colony in the West Indies. This resulted in the famous Darien scheme, 
 of which, unlike his fonner project, it is not going too far to say that it involved 
 a tissue of the most extraordinary blunders ; for the situation selected for the 
 colony was excessively unhealthy, it was in the centre of the Spanish domi- 
 nions ; and it was looked upon with the greatest jealousy by the English West 
 Indian planters and merchants. And yet, despite these drawbacks, it excited the 
 greatest interest in Scotland ; the people of which, divesting themselves of their 
 u.si;al sagacity and wariness, entered with the utmost enthusiasm into this Quixotic 
 enterprise, which they really believed was destined to ensure the fortune of all the 
 adventurers. The result was such as any man in his sober senses migh have anti- 
 cipated — the entire ruin of the colony and of all who had embarked in it ! But 
 notwithstanding his being the principal author of this wide-spread calamity, the 
 good faith and zeal of Paterson -were not impeached ; and the last Scottish 
 Parliament having recommended him to Queen Anne, a considerable simi was 
 eventually adjudged to him as an indemnification for his losses. 
 
 After the failure of the Darien scheme, Paterson appears to have b?en engaged in 
 various projects. It redounds to his credit that he supported the Union; and 
 though this could hardly fail to render him impopular.he was elected M.P. for the 
 Dumfries boroughs in the first Parliament of Great Britain. It is said, apparently 
 on prettj' good grounds, that he was the author of the " Proposals for a Council of 
 Trade," usually ascribed to the famous John Law. He closed his eventful life 
 January 1719. 
 
 Patrick. See Commentaries, &c. 
 
 S 
 
Patton : The Principles of Asiatic Monarchies Politically and Histori- 
 cally Investigated and Contrasted with those of the Monarchies of 
 Europe, by Robert Patton, Esq. 8vo. London, 1801. 
 
 Paucton. See Weights and Measures. 
 Paul et Virginie. See St. Pierre. 
 Pausanias. See Classics and Translations, 
 
 Pauw (M. De) : The following Works of, viz. : — 
 
 Recherches Philosopliiques sur les Grecs. 8vo. 2 vols. Berlin, 
 
 1788. 
 sur les Egyptiens et les Chinois. 12mo. 2 vols. Berlin, 
 
 1773. Old calf, gilt, ex. 
 sur les Americains, avec la Dissertation de Pernetty, etc. 
 
 12mo. 3 vols. Berlin, 1777. 
 
 Translations into English of the Researches on the Greeks, and 
 
 on the Egyptians, and Chinese. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1793-95. 
 Calf, ex. See Carli. 
 
 Pearson : An Exposition of the Creed, by John Pearson, D.D., Bishop 
 of Chester. A new edition, by the Rev. E. Burton, D.D. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Oxford, 1847. Blue mor., gilt. 
 
 Peel (Sir Robert), M.P., Speeches by, on Ditferent Occasions, with MS. 
 Note inserted. 8vo. 2 vols. London, V.Y. 
 
 I have given in a late edition of the Commercial Dictionary the foUo-ning brief 
 notice of this able and truly patriotic statesman : — 
 
 " We may, perhaps, be excused, if, before concluding this notice introductorj- to 
 a work which he honoured -with his approbation, we briefly advert to the 
 irreparable loss which the United Kingdom, and the commercial world generally, 
 have sustained since the publication of our last edition, in the premature death of 
 Sir Robert Peel. There are but few of the more important topics treated of in 
 this volume in which we have not had to refer to the enliijhtened and well-digested 
 measures of that great statesman. The maintenance of our old monetary standard, 
 and the sound and comparatively satisfactory state of our banking system, are 
 mainly a consequence of his exertions. To say that he did more to promote the 
 public well-being, by introducing enlarged and liberal principles into our economical 
 policy, than anj' other minister, would be to say little or nothing ; for he did more 
 to forward these great ends than all our other ministers put together, fi-om the 
 Eevolution down to the present times. Not that we mean to say that we equally 
 approve of all his measures, or think that some of them might not have been in 
 some respects amended. But we refer to the spirit which penaded his policy, its 
 object, and its general influence. England was the centi-e of his solicitude ; but 
 the majority of the measures which he supported and carried, and his great 
 example, have redounded, and will continue to redound, not to the advantage of 
 this coimtry only, but of the world. And hence the deep regret which his death 
 excited in all but the most barbarous nations ^' Finis vitce ijus amicis luctaoaus, 
 patricE tristis, extraneis etiam ignot'sque non sine cum fuiV * 
 
 " Though slow to change an opinion or system of policy, he had none of that 
 miserable pride or partisan bigotry, which so often passes for principle, that 
 disdains to profit by experience, and is above the acknowledgment of an error. 
 lie was at all times ready to inquire, and open to conviction. And whenever he 
 had fully satisfied himself that it was necessary to promote or secure the public 
 welfare, that he should abandon an old or adopt a new course, he did so at once. 
 The moment he was impressed with that conviction, all doubts and ditiiciJties 
 vanished from his mind. His duty to his coimtry absorbed every other con- 
 
 Taciti Vit. Asrricol. c. 4S. 
 
275 
 
 Pkkl (Sir Kobort), M.P.— rrt«A 
 
 sideration. Neither tlie tnunts of opponents nor tho ilcRcrtion of (Viends could 
 influence his resohition. And he spired no efforts, and slirunk from no sacrifice 
 however unparalleled, to accomplish his patriotic purposes. Other ministers have 
 equalled, and a few may, perhaps, have surpassed Sir Robert T'eel in ability. 
 But he stands foremost among Ihitish statesmen for disinterestedness ; and for 
 a detenuiuation to support and advance, at whatever cost to Liinself, what he 
 believed to be the lasting and real interests of the community." 
 
 Pkerages, viz. : — 
 
 Nicola!> : Tl\c Historic lVi'ra,'i;e of England, l)y Sir Harris Nicolas. 
 
 A HOW edition by William ConrtliojK', Esq. 8vo. London, 18o7. 
 
 Genealogical Peerage of the British Empire, l»y John Sharpe. 
 
 Post 8vo. 3 vols. London. Mor., nncnt. 
 Peerage of Great Britain, Genealogical, liiographical, and His- 
 torical, by Win. Collins, augmented and continued to 
 the Present Time by Sir Egerton Brydges, K.L. 8vo. 
 9 vols. London, 1812. Green mor., ex. 
 
 of Scotland, by Sir Pobert Douglas. P>art. 2d edition. 
 
 Revised and continued, by J. P. Wood. Folio. 2 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1813. 
 
 ■ of the British Empire as at present existing, -with the 
 
 Arms of the Peers, by Edmund Lodge, Esq. 26th ed. 
 Royal 8vo. London, 1857. Red mor., uncut. 
 
 of Ireland, by John Lodge. New edition. Revised and 
 
 continued, bv INIervyn Archdall. 8vo. 7 vols. Lon- 
 don c^- Dublin, 1789. 
 
 and Baronetage of the British Empire, by John Burke, Esq. 
 
 8th edition. Royal 8ro. London, 1861. Red mor., uncut. 
 
 Pkgge : Anecdotes of the English Language, chiefly regarding the Local 
 
 Dialect of London and its Environs, by Samuel Pegge, Esq., F.S.A. 
 
 8vo. 2d edition, -with a Supplement. London, 1814. Calf, ex. 
 
 PL & B. 
 
 " On the whole we have never seen a book of philological amusement put together 
 in so original a style, or containing more unexpected yet apposite remarks, and 
 authorities tVom a variety of books. The author chats with his reader, but his 
 chat is always agreeable ; it is the garrula senectus; but the garrulity is full of 
 humour and original pleasantry, and we regret when it is at length terminated." — 
 British Critic, xxi. 418. 
 
 Peignot (M. Gab.) : Essai Historique sur la Liberte d'Ecrire chez les 
 - Anciens et au Moyen Age ; et sur la Liberte de Presse depuis 
 le lome Siecle, par, 8cc. 8vo. Paris. 1832. 
 
 Essai sur I'Histoire du Parchemin et du Velin. 8vo. Paris, 1812. 
 
 Essai Historique et Archeologique sur la Relieure des Livres et 
 
 sur I'Etat de la Librairie chez les Anciens. 8vo. Dijon, 1834. 
 
 Repertoire Bibliographique. See Bibliograi)hy. 
 
 Pellatt : Curiosities of Glass-making, by Apsley Pellatt, Esq., ^I.P, 
 
 4to. London, 1849. 
 Pellisson : Histoire de I'Academie Fran9oise, par ^I. Pellisson. 2do 
 
 edition. 12mo. Paris, 1730. 
 Pelloutier : Histoire des Celtes, et piirticulierement des Gaulois et des 
 
 Gerraains, jusqu'a la Prise de Rome par les Gaulois ; par Simou 
 
 Pelloutier ; revue, corrigee, et augmentee par M. de Chiniac. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1770. 
 
276 
 
 Pemberton : A View of Sir Isaac Newton's Pbilosopliy, by Henry Pem- 
 berton, M.D. 4to. London, 1728. Calf, ex. 
 
 Facts and Figures relating to Vancouver's Island and British 
 
 Columbia, by J. D. Pemberton, Surveyor General. 8vo. Lon- 
 don, 1860. 
 Pennant (Thomas, Esq.), the following Works of, viz. : — 
 
 British Zoology. 4th edition. 8vo. 4 vols. Harrington, 1776. 
 
 Arctic Zoology. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1784. Large paper. 
 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 • History of Quadrupeds. 3d edition. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1793. 
 
 Large paper. Calf, ex. 
 
 Tour in Scotland, with many Additional Plates. 4to. 3 vols. 
 
 London, 1776. 
 
 Account of London. 4to. London, 1791. 
 
 Tour in Wales. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1810. 
 
 Literary Life of, by himself. 4to. London, 1793. 
 
 • Journey from Chester to London. 8vo. London, 1811. 
 
 Pennant's works are all highly interesting. They are written in a plain, perspicuous 
 style, without any intermixture of that scientific jargon which not unfrequently 
 serves as a cloak for ignorance. They also embody a great many historical 
 details ; and are alike valuable and instructive. 
 
 Pennington : The Currency of the British Colonies, by James Pennington, 
 Esq. 8vo. London, 1848. 
 A carefully compiled and very accurate work. 
 Pepys : Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, Secretary to the 
 Admiralty, edited, with a Life of Pepys and Notes, by Lord Braybrooke. 
 8vo. 4th edition. 4 vols. London, 1854. Half mor., uncut. 
 Percival : An Account of the Island of Ceylon, containing its History, 
 Geography, &c. &c., by Robert Percival, Esq. 4to. London, 1803. 
 Half Russia. 
 Percy : Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, by Dr. Percy, Bishop of 
 Dromorc. 3d edition. Post 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1775. Calf, ex. 
 
 See Northumberland. 
 
 Perefixe : Histoire du Roi Henri IV., par Messire H. de Perefixe. 8vo. 
 Ed. de Renouard. Paris, 1816. Large vellum paper, with three addi- 
 tional portraits, two of Henry, both proofs, and one of Sully. Calf, ex. 
 Perizonii (Jac), Egyptiorum Originum et Temporum Antiquissimorum 
 Investigatio. 8vo. 2 vols. Traj. ad Rhenum, 1736. Russia, ex., gilt. 
 Perrault : Les Hommes lUustres de la France, par M. Perrault. Folio. 
 
 Paris, 1697. Fine impressions of the plates. 
 Petiti (Pet. M.D.) de Amazonibus Dissertatio. Editio secunda. 12mo. 
 Amst., 1687. Mor., ex. 
 " Livi-e tres-savant " — (Lenglet Dufresnoy.) 
 Petrarca : Le Rime di F. Petrarca, Le Stanze e I'Orfeo del Poliziano, 
 con Note di diversi. 8vo. 2 vols. Parigi, 1836. Calf, ex. 
 Petrarch, born at Arezzo in Tuscany, in 1304, was celebrated for his zeal and suc- 
 cess in reviving a taste for the literature and the arts of the best ages of 
 antiquity.* And in addition to his merits in this respect, and his earnest devotion 
 
 * Ninno ne potra io credo motrare, a cui a piu giusta ragione convpn?:a il titolo di ristoratore e di 
 padre deir Italians lettiratura. — Tiraboschi, v. 523. 
 
277 
 
 Petrarca — cont. 
 
 to the unity and glory of Italy, he was distinguished as an historian, an orator, a 
 practical as well as a speculative politician, and above all as a poet. His 
 countrymen were alive to his various deserts. In the musical games of aiiti(]uity a 
 prize was bestowed on the victor ; and the belief that Virgil and Horace had been 
 crowned in the Capitol made Petrarch covet, and the Komans disposed to bestow 
 on him, a similar mark of distinction. He obtained this high honour in 1341. 
 And the patriotic etibrts of Hienzi, by which his triumph was soon after followed, 
 led the too sanguine poet to believe that the glories of the republic were about 
 to be re-established. Eut atler a momentary gleam the gloom that hung over the 
 eternal city became as dense as ever. 
 Petrarch is now principally known by liis love sonnets and elegies. These, 
 which were spread over a long series of years, were addressed to Laura, a 
 lady of Avignon. And she, if we may believe what is said of her, was a 
 respectable matron with a very large family, who treated the eflFusions of her 
 amorous swain with cold disdain. As a passion of this sort reflects no peculiar 
 credit on the poetical sovereign, it has been said by some of his admirers that his 
 love was even more than platonic, inasmuch as Laura was in truth a mere abstraction, 
 an imaginary nymph or goddess ! Eut whether she were so or not, the greater 
 number of the critics of Italy extol to the skies the singular beauty of the poetry- 
 addressed to her ;* and, perhaps, they are right. It is, however, thought by 
 many on this side the Alps to be egotistical, tedious, full of conceits, and destitute 
 of real passion. 
 
 Pettingal : An Inquiry into the Use and Practice of Juries among the 
 Greeks and Romans, by John Pettingal, D.D. 4to. London, 1769. 
 
 Petty, Sir William, Works by, viz. : — 
 
 1. A Treatise on Taxes and Contributions. 1679. 
 
 2. Quantulumcunque, concerning Money. 1682. 
 
 3. A Letter on Petty's Verbum Sapienti. 1691. 
 
 Several Essays on Political Arithmetic. 4th edition, with Life of 
 
 Author. 8vo. London, 1755. 
 
 Tracts chiefly relating to L-eland. 8vo. Dublin, 1769. 
 
 The Political Survey of Ireland, Avith the Verbum Sapienti. 
 
 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1719. 
 
 Reflections upon some Persons and Things in Ireland, in Letters 
 
 to and from Dr. Petty (a Vindication of the Conduct of the 
 latter). 8vo. Dublin, 1790. 
 
 Political Arithmetic, or a Discourse concerning the Extent and 
 
 Valueof Lands, &c., by Sir W. Petty, F.R.S. 12mo. Foulis, 
 Glasgow, 1751 ; to which is annexed Xenophon's Discourse on 
 the Revenue of Athens, by Walter Moyle, Esq., same place 
 and date. 
 
 These tracts, by a skilful and sagacious observer, afford some of the earliest and 
 best specimens of statistical investigations, and contain many just as well as 
 original statements and speculations. We borrow from Evelyn's Memoirs the 
 account of their author which follows : — 
 
 " Supp'd at Sr. Wm. Petty's with the Bp. of Salisbury and divers honorable persons. 
 We had a noble entertainment in a house gloriously furnish'd ; the master and 
 mistress of it were extraordinary persons. Sr. Wm. was the son of a meane 
 man some where in Sussex,t and sent from schole to Oxon. where he studied 
 philosophy, but was most eminent in mathematics and mechanics : proceeded 
 Dr. of physic, and was grown famous, as for his learning so for his recovering 
 a poor wench that had ben hanged for felony. Sir Wm. came from Oxon to be 
 
 5' 1 1 vol. Half 
 
 • The judicious Tiraboschi is an exception. He does him justice, but he does not conceal hia 
 
 + The son of'a clothier at Romscy, in Uampshirc, where he was born in 1C23, and where he was 
 buried in 16S7. 
 
278 
 
 Petty, Sir William, Works by — cont. 
 
 tutor to a neighbour of mine ; thence, -when the rebells were dividing their 
 conquests in Ireland, he was employ'd by them to measure and set out the land, 
 which he did on an easy contract so much per acre. This he effected so 
 exactly, that it not only lurnish'd him with a greate sum of money, but enabled 
 him to purchase an estate worth 4,000/. a yeare. He afterwards married the 
 daughter of Sir Hardresse Waller; she was an extraordinary witt as well as 
 beauty, and a prudent woman. 
 " The niap of Ireland made by Sr. Wm. is beUev'd to be the most exact that ever 
 yet was made of any country. He did promise to publish it ; and I am told it 
 has cost him neare 1.000/. to have it engrav'd at Amsterdam. There is not a 
 better Latin poet living when he gives himselfe that diversion ; nor is his 
 excellence less in coimcil and prudent matters of State ; but he is so exceeding 
 nice in sifting and examining all possible contingencies, that he adventures at 
 nothing w''" is not demonstration. There were not in y^ whole world his equal 
 for a supermtendant of manufacture and improvement of trade, or to govern a 
 plantation. If I were a Prince, I should make him my second counsellor, at 
 least. There is nothing difficult to him. He is besides courageous, and with all 
 this, facetious and of easy conversation, friendly and coiu-teous, and had such a 
 faculty of imitating others that he would take a text and preach, now like a 
 grave orthodox divine, then falling into the Presbyterian way, then to the 
 phanatical, thequaker, the monk and frier, the Popish priest, with such admirable 
 action and alteration of voice and tone as it was not possible to abstain from 
 wonder, and one would sweare to heare severall persons, or forbear to think he 
 was not in good earnest an enthusiast and almost beside himselfe : then he would 
 fall out of it into a serious discourse ; but it was veiy i arely he would be prevail'd 
 on to oblige the company with this faculty, and that only amongst most intimate 
 friends. JNIy Lord Duke of Ormond once obtain'd it of him, and was almost 
 ravish'd with admiration ; but by and by he fell upon a serious reprimand of the 
 faults and miscan-iages of some Princes and Governors, which tho' he nam'd 
 none, did so sensibly touch the Duke, who was then Lieut' of Ireland, that he 
 began to be very uneasy, and wish'd the spirit lay'd which he had rais'd, for he 
 was neither able to endure such truthes nor could he but be delighted. At last 
 he mealted his discourse to a ridiculous subject, and came down from the joynt 
 stoole on which he had stood ; but my lord would not have him preach any more. 
 He never could get favour at Court, because he outwitted all the projectors that 
 came ueere him. Having never known such another genius, I cannot but mention 
 these particulars amongst a multitude of others which I could produce. When I, 
 who knew him in mean circumstances, have been in his splendid palace, he would 
 himselfe be in admiration how he arriv'd at it ; nor was it his value or inclination 
 for splendid furniture and the curiosities of the age, but his elegant lady could 
 endure nothing meane or that was not magnificent. He was very negligent 
 himself, and rather so of his person, and of a philosophic temper. ' What a to-do 
 is here !' would he say, ' I can lie in straw with as much satisfaction.' " — (Memoirs, 
 i. 446, 4to edit.) 
 
 Peuchet : Statistiqiie Elementaire cle la France, par M. Jac. Peucliet. 
 8vo. Paris, 1805. 
 
 pETROUSE : The Agriculture of a District in the South of France, from 
 the French of M. de la Peyrouse. 8vo. 1 vol. London, 1819. 
 
 Peyssonnel : Observations Historiques et Geographiques sur les Peuples 
 Barbares qui out habite les Bords de Danube, &c., par M. de Peysson- 
 nel. 4to. Paris, 1755. 
 
 Philips : The Whole Works of j\Ir. John Philips, to which is prefixed his 
 Life by jMi\ Sewell. 8vo. London, 1720. 
 
 Poems Attempted in the Style of Milton, by Mr. John Philips, 
 
 12mo. London, 1776. 
 
 Cyder, a Poem in Two Books, by John Philips, with Notes by 
 
 Charles Dunster. 8vo. London, 1791. Calf, ex. 
 
trilt, uncut. 
 
 279 
 
 riilLLU'S : The History of the Life of Cardiniil Pole, l>y^ 
 Phillips, Esq. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 Londou, 1767. ^, ^ .,.„_,., ^ , . Uniform, calf 
 
 Animadversions on the Life of Cardinal Pole, by 
 
 Timothy Neve, D.D. 8vo. Oxford, 1766. 
 
 A Poview of the Life of Cardinal Pole, by Glou. 
 
 IJidley, LL.B. 8vo. London, 1776. 
 
 Piiii.osoriiv, History of, viz. — 
 
 Jac. Bruckeri Ilistoria Critica Philosophice a Mundi Incunabulis 
 
 ad nostram usque iEtatem deducta. Editio secunda. 4to. 
 6 vols. Lipsix', 1767. Calf, gilt, ex. 
 
 This is a -work of vast extent, research, and labour, and has greatly facilitated the 
 investigations of subsequent inquirers into every branch of the history of philosopliy. 
 Sir William Hamilton has made some able, but depreciatory, and not very fair 
 observations upon it in his notice of the Life of Brucker in the 8th edition of the 
 Ency. Britannica. Ilallam says, " that upon the whole, Brucker is of eminent 
 usefulness ; copious in his extracts, impartial and candid in his judgments " 
 (Introduction to Literature of Europe). 
 
 Histoire Critique de la Philosophic, par M. D * * * (Deslandes). 
 
 12mo. 4 vols. Amsterdam, 1741-56. 
 Gibbon says of this book, that " it is a lively but light performance." 
 
 The History of, by Thomas Stanley. 4to. London, 1743. 
 
 The History of, from Brucker, by William Enfield, LL.D. 4to. 
 
 2 vols. Loudon, 1791. 
 A well executed and really valuable abridgment. 
 
 A Concise History of, by Formcy. 12mo. Loudon, 1766. 
 
 L'Histoire dc la Philosophic, traduite de FAUemaud du Dr. Ritter, 
 
 par M. Tissot. 8vo. 4 vols. Paris, 1835. 
 
 Manuel de I'Histoire de la Philosophic, traduit de I'Allemand do 
 
 Teuuemann, par M. Cousin. 8vo. 2 vols, Paris, 1829. Calf, ex. 
 
 This is by far the best Manual of the History of Philosophy that has hitherto been 
 published. The numerous quotations we have given from it furnish so many 
 proofs of its excellence. 
 
 Cours de I'Histoire de la Philosophie Moderne, par M. Cousin. 
 
 12mo. 5 vols. Paris, 1846. 
 
 Histoire de la Philosophie lonienue, par M. Mallet. 8vo. Paris, 
 
 1842. 
 
 Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy in England, by 
 
 William Whewell, D.D. 8vo. London, 1852. 
 
 See, also, Anderson, Blakey, Mackintosh, Stewart, &c. 
 
 Pictorial History of England (The), being a History of the People, 
 as well as a History of the Kingdom. 4to. 4 vols. London, 1837. 
 
 PiGNORii (L.) de Servis et eorum apud Veteres Ministeriis Commen- 
 tarius. Editio secunda. 4to. Patavii, 1656. Large paper. 
 
 PiGXOTTi : Storia della Toscana sino al Principato, con Diversi Saggi 
 suUe Scienze, Lettere, e Arti, di Lorenzo Pignotti. 8vo. 10 vols. 
 Firenze, 1821. Italian vellum, uncut. 
 
280 
 
 PiLKiNGTON — FusELi : A Dictionary of Painters, from the Revival of the 
 Ai-t (of Painting) to the Present Period, by the Rev. M. Pilkington, M.A. 
 A new edition, revised and enlarged by Henry Fuseli, R.A., with a 
 lai-ge Supplement, principally taken from the Works of Horace Walpole. 
 4to. London, 1805. Russia, gilt. 
 
 Pindar. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 PiNKERTON (John, Esq.), the following Works of, viz. : — 
 
 Dissertation on the Origin and Progress of the Scythians or Goths, 
 
 8vo. Loudon, 1787. Calf, ex., Hayday. 
 
 Inquiry into the History of Scotland preceding the Reign of 
 
 Malcolm HL, or the Year 1056. New edition. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1814. 
 
 The History of Scotland from the Accession of the House of 
 
 Stuart to that of Mary. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1797. Russia, 
 marbled leaves. 
 
 An Essay on Medals. 3rd edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1808. 
 
 Calf, ex., marbled leaves., H. & B. 
 
 Modern Geography. 4to. 3 vols. London, 1807. Russia, ex. 
 
 . An Abridgment of. 3d edition. Svo. London, 1811. 
 
 Though the historical works of Pinlvcrton may, on the whole, be said to be learned 
 and valuable, they often display very absurd prejudices,* and the stv'le is as bad as 
 possible. It has been alleged too that the quotations are not always to be 
 depended upon. His geographical work was preferable to that of Guthrie, and the 
 other works of the kind in circulation when it appeared. But it is nevertheless 
 a clumsy and ill-digested compilation, and has long ceased to be of any value. 
 
 Russia, or Miscellaneovis Observations on the Past and Present State 
 
 of that Country and its Inhabitants, by Robert Pinkerton, D.D. 
 Svo. London, 1833. 
 
 Pinto : Traite de la Circulation et du Credit, par Pinto. 8vo. Am- 
 sterdam, 1771. 
 
 This book, written by a Portuguese Jew merchant established in Holland, contains 
 much that is sound and ingenious, but it is now remembered only for the extra- 
 vagance of its paradoxes ; the leading proposition maintained by the Author 
 being that the national debt has been the principal soiu-ce of the wealth and 
 power of this coimtry. But though a national debt brings with it some ad- 
 vantages, and is not the unmixed evil many have supposed, reasonings to prove 
 that it is the chief source of national wealth are much too absurd to deserve 
 notice, and are fit only, as Hume has stated, to rank with the panegjTics on folly 
 and fever, on Busiris and Xero. But such as it is, this book excited, when 
 published, and for sometime thereafter, a good deal of attention. 
 
 Pinto's work was translated into English, and published with Notes, said to be by 
 the Rev. S. Baggs, M.A. 4to. London, 1774. 
 
 In point of fact, however, this translation was not executed by the reverend gentle- 
 man whose name it bears, but by the famous Sir Philip Francis, the cousin of 
 Baggs, who has added to it some valuable notes. Francis was led to adopt this 
 course from fearing lest his acknowledgment of the translation and notes might 
 give offence to Lord North and the ministry, to whom he owed his Indian Com- 
 missionership. I found these statements upon authentic information communicated 
 to me by my friend Mr. Joseph Parkes, who has been long engaged upon a life of 
 Francis. The translation is become extremely scarce. Before Parkes thought of 
 applying to me for the book, he had sought for it in vain at the British Museum 
 and other public and private libraries. 
 
 * Such, for example, as his antipathy (for it aanouuts to that) to the Celts. 
 
281 
 
 PinANESl : Vedute di Roma Disegnatc cil Incisr dii Ciijimbatista Piranosi, 
 Arcliitetto Voueziaiio. Lar<;e folio. 2 vols. Roiaa. Very fine iiiiiiirs- 
 sious of the plates. Half Russia. 
 These are probably the best two volumes produced by this ilhistrious engraver, wlio, 
 unhappily, has had no successor. 
 
 PiTCAiRX : Criminal Trials in Seollaud from 1488 to 1624, Com])ilc-(l from 
 Original Records and Manuscripts, -with Historical Notes and Illustra- 
 tions, by Robert Pitcairn, Esq., W.S., &c. 4to. 3 vols, iu 4. Edin- 
 burgh, 1833. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 This is a well-digested and most important historical publication. 
 
 PiTCAiRXii (Archibaldi), M.D., Poemata Selecta, et aliorum. 12mo. 
 Edinburgi, 1727. Old calf. 
 " In the Latin poems of I'itcairn we remark an uncommon felicity in clothing 
 pictures of modern manners in classical phraseology." — (Tytler on Translation, 
 3d ed., p. 2GS.) 
 Among the minor poems of Pitcairn, those on the death of Viscount Dundee, who 
 fell at Killiecrankie in the moment of victory, and on Holland are the most 
 worthy of attention. The first, which is of the highest excellence, is as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 In mortem Vicecomitis Taodiincnsis. 
 " Ultime Scotorum, potuit quo sospite solo 
 Libcrtas patriic salva fuisse tua;: 
 Te moriente, novos accepit Scotia cives, 
 Accepitque novos, te moriente, Deos. 
 Ilia tibi superesse negat, tu non potes illi : 
 
 Ergo Caledonice nomen inane vale: 
 Tuque vale gentis prisca; fortissime Uuctor, 
 Ultime Scotorum, atque ultime Grame, vale." 
 The epigram in praise of Holland has been much celebrated ; but the idea is ob- 
 viously taken from that of Sannazarius on Venice (see Sannazarius) ; and though 
 ingenious, is extravagant and hyperbolical. 
 In Behjas. 
 " Tellnrem fecere Dii, sua littora Belgse ; 
 Immeusseque fuit molis uterque labos. 
 Di vacuo sparsas glomerarunt asthere terras, 
 
 Nil ubl quod coeptis possit obesse fiiit. " 
 Ast Belgis maria et coeli, naturaque rerura 
 Obstitit : obstantes hi domuere Deos." 
 
 PiTiscus: Lexicon Autiquitatum Romanarura, auctore Samuele Pitisco. 
 Folio. 2 vols. Leovardia?, 1713. Dutch vellum. 
 This is a standard work. It is dedicated to Prince Eugene, and is embellished by a 
 fine print of that great general. 
 
 Pitt, The Right Hon. William. See Stanhope. 
 Platon, Dialogues de. See Classics and Translations. 
 Plautus, the pomedies of. See Classics and Translations. 
 Playfair : The Works of John Playfixir, Professor of Natural Philo- 
 sophy in the University of Edinburgh, with a Memoir of the Author. 
 Svo. 4 vols. Edinburgh, 1822. 
 An admirable character, or rather vhxjc, of Playfair, by Lord Jeffrey, is prefixed to 
 
 this edition of his works. Lord Cockburn refers to him as follows : — 
 " Taking the whole man — his science, his heart, his manner, and his taste, — I do not 
 see how Playfair could have been imjjroved. Profound, yet cheerful ; social, yet 
 always respectable ; strong iu hi.'j feelings, but uniformly gentle ; a universal 
 
282 
 
 Playfair — cont. 
 
 favourite, yet never moved from his simplicity ; in humble circumstances, but con- 
 tented and charitable — he realized our ideas of an amiable philosopher. And is 
 he not the best philosophical writer in the English language ? " — (Memorials of 
 his own time, p. 358.) 
 But there are no perfect characters. And some portion of the high colouring in 
 this eulogium must, no doubt, be ascribed to the partiality of the writer. 
 ■ Elements of Geometry, containing the First Six Books of Euclid, 
 
 with a Supplement, &c. 8vo. 1826. 
 
 Outlines of Natural Philosophy. 8vo. 2 vols, in 1. Edinburgh, 
 
 1812. 
 
 The above uniform, calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 i Illustrations of HuttoniauTheory. See Earth, Theory of. Works 
 
 on. 
 Playhouse : The Companion to the Playhouse, or an Historical Account 
 of all the Dramatic Writers (and their Works) that have appeared in 
 Great Britain and Ireland from the Commencement of our Theatrical 
 Exhibitions down to 1764. 12mo. 2 vols. London, 1764. 
 Pliny : Histoire Naturelle de Pline. See Classics and Translations. 
 Plowden : The History of Ireland, from its Invasion under Henry 11. to 
 its Union with Great Britain, by Francis Plowden, Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 London, 1809. 
 Pluche, M. De la : Histoire du Ciel. 12nio. 2 vols. Paris, 1757. 
 
 Mor., fine. 
 PocoCKE : A Description of the East and some other Countries, by 
 Richard Pococke, LL.D., F.R.S. Folio. 2 vols. London, 1743. Fine. 
 PoEJiATA Selecta Italorum, curante A. Pope. Post Svo. 2 vols. Londini, 
 1740. CaH", ex. 
 
 qui Seculo Decimo Sexto Latine scripserunt ; non- 
 
 nuUis Annotationibus illustrata. Svo. Oxon., 1808. Mor., 
 uncut. 
 PoETARUM Scotorum Muste Sacrte. Svo. 2 vols. Ruddiman, Edin- 
 burgi, 1739. Old calf. 
 
 Scotorum hujus -^vi illustrium, Delitiaj. 12mo. 2 vols. Amst., 
 
 1637. Blue mor., gilt leaves. 
 Johnston, the translator of the Psalms {see Johnston) and one of the best Latin 
 poets of his age, was most probably the Editor of these volumes. — " His contri- 
 butions are more extensive than those of any other writer. The entire collection 
 forms a conspicuous monument of the scholarship, ingenuity, and taste of our 
 countrymen ; and the poems of Johnston may safely be brought into competition 
 with those of any other writer whose name is to be found in the catalogue of 
 contributors." — (Lives of Scottish Writers, by David Irving, LL.D. ii. 3L) 
 Poets, Minor : The Works of the most Celebrated. 12mo. 3 vols. 
 
 London, 1749. 
 Poets, English : The Works of the English Poets, with Prefaces, Bio- 
 graphical and Critical, by Samuel Johnson, LL.D. 12mo. 75 vols. 
 London, V.Y. Calf, gilt. 
 PoGGLiNA, ou la Vie, le Caractere, les Sentences, et les Bons-Mots de 
 Pogge Florentin, avec son Histoire de la Republique de la 
 Florence. 12mo. 2 vols. Amst., 1728. 
 
 See Shepherd. 
 
283 
 
 Poinsett: Notes on IMoxico, iniulo in tlio Autunui of 1822, Ity J. 11. 
 
 roinsett, Esq. 8vo. 1 vol. London, l82o. 
 P(>ivHE : Voyages d'un Philosophe, par M. Pierre Poivro. 12nio. Paris. 
 Poland: Letters, Literary and Political, on Poland. 8vo. 1 vol. J-^din- 
 
 burgh, 1823. 
 PoLic.N.vc (Melch. de) : Anii-Luerclius, sive de Deo et Natiira lilni IX. 
 Svo. 2 vols. Parisiis, 1747- Olive nior., Pasdeloup. 
 
 L'Anti-Lucrece, Poenie de, 8te., traduit par JNl. de Bougainville. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols, (in 1). Paris, 1749. Mor., gilt. 
 " This celebrated poem, we learn from the Eloge of M. de Boze, as also from the 
 I'reface prefixed to the first edition, took its rise from mere accident. During a 
 short residence of the Abbe Polignac, in Holland, in the year 101)7, he formed 
 an acquaintance -vvitli the learned I'eter Bayle, whom he was astonished to find 
 attached to the system of Epicurus, and delighted with the poem of Lucretius, 
 which he appeared completely to have connnitted to memory. The Abbe found 
 this system was gaining ground very considerably among men of letters, and 
 immediately determined on opposing it by a poem of an opposite tendency. On 
 his return, therefore, to the quietude of his own home, he composed one in five 
 books, which he entitled ' Anti-Lucretius.' This formed the rudiments of the 
 ftiture and more perfect work, which extended to nine, and which added, to the 
 attack upon Lucretius, an additional assault upon the doctrines of Spinosa, 
 Ilobbes, Newton, and even Locke himself. Polignac was about 40 years old 
 when he commenced this undertaking ; he proceeded with it very slowly, reading 
 it, as it advanced, to Malebranclie, and a great number of other literary friends, 
 both before his election to his cardinalship, and afterwards, during his residence 
 in ]{ome ; but, perhaps, no poem after all has had so many escapes from being 
 buried in oblivion. The Cardinal himself was 40 years at work upon it, and at 
 length died at the extreme age of 80, leaving it still unfinished ; and in such a 
 confused state, from the variety of additions and alterations he had made in it, 
 that it was attended with the utmos't difficulty in many instances to trace its 
 connexion. His friend, the Abbe Ilothelin, however, to whom on his death he 
 entrusted his indigested papers, undertook the Herculean task. At this task 
 he laboured occasional!)- for several years, and at length died himself as he was on 
 the point of completing it. This was an additional evil, from which the poem 
 did not recover for a long time; finally, about the year 174tj, nearly half a century 
 after its commencement, it was ushered into the world by M. Le Beau, Professor of 
 Eloquence in the University of Paris." — (Good's Lucretius, Introduction, p. 129.) 
 Besides being a first-rate scholar and a good poet, the Cardinal de Polignac was also an 
 accomplished gentleman. He was frequently engaged in important diplomatic 
 employments, and was said by Madame de Sevigne to have " toute la douceur, 
 la vivacite, la complaisance, quon peut souhaitcr dans le commerce." 
 When it appeared, the Anti-Lucretius was the theme of much eulogy. No doubt, 
 however, it is much too long, many pages being wasted in refuting parts of 
 Lucretius which required no refutation. But it contains, notwithstanding, 
 various splendid passages ; and it is a curious fact that the fundamental principle 
 of the Epicurean philosophy is more clearly and forcibly stated by Polignac than 
 by Lucretius himself ; — 
 
 " Ex nihilo nil fit : lex inviolabilis esto : 
 
 Nil ruit in nihilum, clamat tota schola Epicuri. 
 Ergo si (juaj sunt, a;terna fuere ; uec unquara 
 Cessatura manent. Intermoriuntur ubicjue 
 Corpora, materies autem quae corpora fundat 
 Semper erit, fuit, est : finemque ignorat et ortum." 
 
 Anti-Lucr. ix. 471. 
 Voltaire has spoken very highly of the Cardinal de Polignac. In the Temple du 
 Gout he refers to him as follows : — 
 
 " Ce Cardinal, qui, sur un nouveau ton, 
 En vers latins fait parler la sagesse, 
 Reunissant Virgile avec Platon, 
 Vengeur du Ciel et vainqueur de Lucrtce." 
 
284 
 
 Political Disquisitions. See Burgh. 
 
 Political Economy, Works on : — 
 
 Bailey : A Critical Dissertation on the Nature, Measure, and 
 
 Causes of Value ; chiefly in reference to the Writings of Mr. 
 
 Ricardo and his Followers, by Samuel Bailey, Esq. Crown 
 
 8vo. London, 1825. 
 There is bound up with this work a letter from its Author, to a Political Economist, 
 being a reply to a very captious article on Mr. B.'s book, in No. IX. of the 
 Westminster Review. 
 
 Barton's Tracts. See Barton. 
 
 . Baudeau : Explication du Tableau Economique, par M. i'Abbe 
 
 Baudeau. 8vo. Paris, 1776. 
 
 Baudrillart : Manuel. d'Economie Politique, par M. H. Baudrillart. 
 
 Post 8vo. Paris, 1857. 
 
 Beccaria : Elementi di Economia Publica, di Marchese Cesare 
 
 Beccaria. Vol. 2da delle Opere di Beccaria. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Milano, 1821. 
 
 Blanqui : Histoire d'Economie Politique en Europe, depuis les 
 
 Anciens jusqu'a nos Jours, par M. Adolphe Blanqui. 2de 
 edition. 8vo. 2 vols, in 1. Paris, 1842. 
 
 Browne-Dignan : Essai sur les Principes de I'Economie Politique, 
 
 par M. Browne-Dignan. 12mo. Londres, 1776. 
 
 Chalmers : On Political Economy, in connexion with the Moral 
 
 State and Moral Prospects of Society, by the Rev. Thomas 
 Chalmers, D.D. 8vo. Glasgow, 1832. Calf, ex. 
 This volume contains a critique of the work, fi-om No. 1 11 of the Edinburgh Review, 
 (written by J. R. M'C.,) with a pamphlet in reply by Dr. Chalmers. 
 
 Chastellux : De la Felicite Publique, ou Considerations sur le 
 
 Sort des Hommes dans les Differentes Epoques de I'Histoire, 
 par le Marq. de Chastellux, avec des Notes inedites de Voltaire. 
 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1822. Calf, ex. 
 
 Chevalier : Cours d'Economie Politique, fait au College de France, 
 
 par M. Michel Chevalier. 8vo. 3 vols. Paris, 1842, etc. 
 
 Comte : Traite de la Propriete, par M. Charles Comte. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. Paris, 1834. 
 
 Cooper: Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy, by 
 
 Thomas Cooper, M.D. 2d edition. 8vo. Columbia, S.C., 1829. 
 
 Dictionnaire de I'Economie Politique, contenant I'Exposition des 
 
 Principes et la Bibliographic de la Science, etc., par une 
 Societe des Gens de Lettres. Royal 8vo. Double columns. 
 2 vols. Paris, 1852. Uncut, half mor. 
 
 Droz : Economic Politique, ou Principes de la Science des 
 
 Richesses, par M. Droz. 8vo. Paris, 1829. Calf, ex. 
 
 Dumont : Theorie du Luxe, ou Traite dans lequel on entreprend 
 
 d'etablir que le Luxe est un Ressort non seulement utile, mais 
 meme indispensablement Necessaire a la Prosperite des Etats. 
 2 parties. (Par M. Butel Dumont.) 8vo. Paris, 1771. Calf, ex. 
 
 Dupont de Nemours : A Collection of extremely scarce and 
 
 valuable Tracts, by. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1743, &c. 
 These volumes were given to me by my late learned and worthy friend, Mr. John 
 
 Black, for more than twenty-five years Editor of the "Morning Chronicle." 
 Black, a person sui generis, was the son of poor but respectable parents, in the 
 
 vicinity of Dunse in Berwickshire, at the parish school of which he was educated. 
 
285 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — emit. 
 
 His schooling being finished, he went for awhile into the office of the shcrifT-clerk 
 of the county, and then repaired to Edinburgh. TluTe he was employed 
 in the business of the law, and eventually became clerk or secretary to the distin- 
 guished lawyer, ilr. (ieorge Cranstoun, afterwards Lord Corehouse. "While 
 thus engaged he attended certain classes in the university, having, it has been 
 said, some idea of entering the Church. ]}ut if so, he must speedily have become 
 conscious that he had no aptitude for such a vocation ; and not being satisfied 
 with his prospects in Scotland, he came to London. Here he obtained employ- 
 ment as a reporter for the " Slorning Chronicle," then the property of Mr. James 
 I'erry. His activity and intelligence having recommended him to that gentle- 
 man,' he first became his assistant, and, in 1821, his successor in the editorship. 
 He was of decidedly liberal politics; but. like his predecessor, he was too much of 
 a partisan. His articles, though always able and ingenious, were often filled 
 with out-of-the-way learning, and had frequently but little to do with the events 
 and topics of the day. He had a mania for books ; but was omnivorous rather 
 than select in his taste ; and his library, that ultimately comprised no fewer than 
 30.000 volumes,* consisted of all sorts of works, generally, however, in bad condition, 
 and including many odd volumes. Despite his peculiarities, he was thoroughly 
 sincere, honest, and friendly ; and was highly esteemed by those who knew him 
 best. The last half dozen years of his life were spent in retirement in a cottage in 
 Kent, belonging to his friend the late Walter Coulson. Esq., (J-C. Cobbett having 
 dubbed him Doctor, he was frequently addressed by that title. 
 
 De rOri^ine ct de Progres d'une Scieuce Nouvelle. 8vo. Londres, 
 
 (ParisO 1768. 
 This work, by Dupont de Xemours, contains a brief, but singularly clear and com- 
 prehensive, outline of the system of the Economists. 
 
 Ephcmerides da Citoyon, ou Bibliotlioquo Raisonnc des Sciences 
 
 Morales et Politiques, depuis I'an 1767 ju.squ'a I'annee 1772. 
 12mo. 32 vols. Paris, V! Y. Very scarce. 
 
 This Journal, begun in 1767, was first conducted by the Abbe Baudeau, and sub- 
 sequently by Dupont de Nemours. It was published monthly, and two numbers 
 make a considerable duodecimo volume. The authors were all disciples of (2ues- 
 nay, and zealous economists. Tlieir discussions embraced only the moral and 
 poiitical sciences ; of which they have treated many branches with much ability 
 and acuteness. The following extract fi-om the licence given by the censor 
 to the third number for 1770 is curious : — " J'exhorte," says he, " de nouveau les 
 auteurs de ce journal a resister a la tentation de critiquer. Le bonheur du citoyen 
 tient a sa confiance. On peut et Ton doit quelquefois avertir en secret ceux qui 
 sont preposes a I'administration. Mais on ne doit prccher aux particuliers que 
 leur propre refomie, et non celle de I'etat." 
 
 Complete sets of the work, of which this is one, are now of very rare occurrence and 
 fetch a high price. 
 
 Garnier : Elements de rEconomie Politique, par M. Joseph 
 
 Garnier. Post 8vo. Paris, 1845. 
 Recherches sur la Nature ct les Causes de la Richcsse 
 
 des Nations, traduit de I'Anglois d'Adam Smith, avee 
 
 des Notes et Observations, p:ir M. le ]\Iarquis Gamier. 
 
 2de edition. 8vo. 6 vols. Paris, 1822. Calf, ex. 
 Abrege Elementaire des Principes d'Economie Politique. 
 
 12mo. Paris, 1796. 
 . De la Propriete dans ses Rapports avec Ic Droit Politique. 
 
 12mo. Paris, 1792. 
 
 * II is books were sold by auction when he ceased to be editor of the " Chronicle." 
 
286 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — conf. 
 
 Howlett, tlie Rev. John, A.B., Vicar of Dunmow, in Essex, Tracts 
 
 by, on Population, Inelosures, High Prices, the Poor, Tithes, &c. 
 Rare and interesting collection. 8vo. 1 vol. Calf. 
 
 Jones : An Essay on the Distribution of Wealth and on the 
 
 Sources of Taxation, by the Rev. Richard Jones, A.M. 8vo. 
 London, 1831. 
 
 This work, which was a good deal talked of when it appeared, is of no value what- 
 ever. The critique on it in the Edinburgh Eeview, No. 107, written by J. li. 
 M'C, is included in the volume. 
 
 La Malle (Bureau de) : Economic Politique des Romains, par 
 
 M. Dureau de la Malle. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1840. Calf, ex. 
 
 Lauderdale : An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Public 
 
 Wealth, and into the Means and Causes of its Increase, by 
 the Earl of Lauderdale. 2d ed. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1819. 
 
 Uniform with the above is a volume containing — 1st. 
 
 A Critique on the Work, from No. VIII. of the Edin- 
 burgh Review, written by Lord Brougham ; 2d. Ob- 
 servations on that Critique by Lord Lauderdale ; and 
 3d. A Concluding Paper by the Reviewer. 8vo. 1804. 
 These Tracts are now very rare. 
 
 LeTrosne: De rOrdre Social, par M.LeTrosne. Svo. Paris, 1777. 
 
 Recueil de Plusieurs Morceaux Economiques, par le meme. 
 
 12mo. Amsterdam, (Paris,) 1768. 
 
 Mably : Doutes Proposes auxPhilosophes Economistes, sur I'Ordre 
 
 Naturel et Essential des Societes Politiques, par M. I'Abbe de 
 Mably. 12mo. Paris, 1768. Veau fauve. 
 
 Malthus : The Principles of Political Economy Considered, with a 
 
 View to their Practical Application, by the Rev. T. R. 
 Malthus. 2d edition, with Life of the Author by Bishop 
 Otter. Svo. London, 1836. 
 
 Economical Tracts by, containing, 1st. An Investigation 
 
 of the Cause of the Present High Price of Provisions, 
 1800. 2d. Observations on the Effects of the Corn 
 Laws, 1814. 3d. Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy 
 of Restricting the Importation of Foreign Corn, 1815. 
 4th. An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent, 
 1815. And 5th. The Measure of Value Stated and 
 Illustrated. 8vo. London, 1823. Half mor, 
 
 . Definitions in Political Economy. Post8vo. London, 1827. 
 
 Annexed is a Keview, or, as I venture to call it, a complete demolition, of this Work 
 by J. R. M'C. 
 
 8ee, also. Population, Works on. 
 
 Marcet : Conversations on Political Economy, in which the Ele- 
 
 ments of that Science are familiarly explained, by Mrs. Marcet. 
 4th edition. 12mo. London, 1821. Calf, ex., II. & B. 
 
 M'CuUoch : A Discourse on the Rise, Progress, Peculiar Objects, 
 
 and Importance of Political Economy, by J. R. M'CuUoch. 2d 
 edition. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1825. 
 
287 
 
 conomy, with sonic In- 
 iitioii, uiul a Skfich of 
 ScuMK'o. 4th cditiou. 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — cont. 
 
 M'Culloch : The Principles of Political 
 
 quiries respecting their App! 
 the Rise and Progress of tl 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1849. 
 
 The same Work in French. Bvo. 2 vols. Paris, 1852. 
 
 The Literature of Politicnl Economy ; a Classified 
 
 Catalogue of Select Pui)lications in the DilFeieiit Depart- 
 ments of that Science, with Historical, Critical, and 
 Biographical Notices. 8vo. London, 1845. 
 
 Treatises and Essays on IMoney, Exchange, Interest, the 
 
 Letting of Land, Absenteeism, the History of Com- 
 merce, the Theory of Manufactures, itc, with Accounts 
 of the Lives and Writings of Quesnay, Adiim Smith, 
 and Kicardo. 8vo. 2d ed. Ediniuirgh, 1859. 
 
 • Articles contributed b)-, to the Edinburgh Review. 8vo. 
 
 3 vols. Edinburgh, V.Y. 
 
 Tracts on Political Economy and Subjects connected 
 
 therewith. Bvo. 2 vols., viz. : — 
 
 1. A Discourse on the Rise, Progress, Peculiar Objects, and Iin-") 
 
 portance of Political Economy ; with an Outline of a Course of 
 Lectiu-es on that Science. 'Jd ed. Edinburgh, 1825. 
 
 2, 3. Syllalius of a Course of Lectures on Political Economy, de- 
 
 livered in London, spring of 182.5. Do., 1826. 
 
 4. Discour.se delivered at the Opening of the City of London 
 
 Literary and Scientific Institution, ;K.th May 1825. 
 
 5. An Essay on Absenteeism, from the 85th No. of Edinburgh Re- 
 
 view, 1826. , 
 
 6. An Essay on the Rise, Progress, Present State and Prospects of 
 
 the Cotton Manufacture, from the 91st No. of Edinburgh Re- 
 view. 
 
 7. A Review of Definitions in Political Economy by Mr. Malthus, 
 
 from the Scotsman, loth ]\Iarch 1827. 
 
 8. An Essay on Elementary Instruction, from the Quarterly Journal 
 
 of I'Mucation. 
 
 9. Observations on the State of the Country, and on the Proper 
 
 Policy of Administration, 1830. 
 
 10. Observations on the Duty on Sea borne Coal, and on the Peculiar 
 
 Duties and Charges on Coal in the Port of London, 1830. 
 
 11. Historical Sketch of the Bank of England, with an Examination 
 
 of the Question as to the Prolongation of the Exclusive Privi- 
 - leges of that Establishment, 1831. 
 
 12. A Treatise on Commerce, written for the Society for the Diffusion 
 
 of Useful Ivnowledge, 1833. J 
 
 1. Observations illustrative of the Practical Operation and Real 
 
 Effect of the Duties on Paper, 1836. 
 
 2. Reasons for the Establishment of a New Bank in India, 1836. 
 
 3. Statements illustrative of the Policy and Probable Consequences 
 
 of the Proposed Repeal of the Corn Laws, 1841. 
 
 4. Memorandum on the Proposed Importation of Poreign Beef and 
 
 Live Stock, 1842. 
 
 5. Considerations on the Proposed Additions to the Tariff of the 
 
 United States, 1850. 
 
 6. 7, 8, 9, 10. Biographical Notices of Macvey Napier, James 
 
 Stuart, Quesnay, Ricardo, and Smith. 
 
 11. Introductory Discourse to Wealth of Nations. 
 
 12. Considerations on Partnerships with Limited Liability, 1850. 
 
 13. A Catalogue of Books the property of, &c., 1850. 
 
 y 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 -1 vol. 8vo. 
 
288 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — cont. 
 
 Included in this volume is a review of tlie Principles of Political Economy, from 
 the Edinburgh Keview of January 1831. It was written by my excellent friend 
 Walter Coulson, Esq., Q.C., who died November 1860, in his 66th year. He was 
 extensively informed, of high honour and integrity, and a perfect master of a 
 piu-e, neat, and easy English style. 
 
 M'CuUocli : A Treatise on the Succession to Property vacant by 
 
 Death, including Inquiries into the Influence of Primo- 
 geniture, Entails, Compulsory Partition, &c. 8vo. Lon- 
 don, 1848. 
 
 A Treatise on the Circumstances which determine the 
 
 Rate of Wages and the Condition of the Labouring 
 Classes. 2d edition. 12mo. London, 1854. 
 
 . See, also, Commerce, M'CuUoch, and Taxation. 
 
 Mill (James) : Tracts by, on Subjects connected with Political 
 
 Economy, in 8vo., viz. : — 
 
 1. Essay on the Impolicy of a Bounty on the Exportation of Grain, 1804. "] 
 
 2. Commerce Defended. 2d edition. 1808. > 1 vol. 
 
 3. Elements of Political Economy, by the same, 1824. J 
 
 (J. S.) : Essays on some Unsettled Questions of Political 
 
 Economy. Svo. London, 1844. 
 
 Principles of Political Economy, with some of their Appli- 
 cations to Social Philosophy. 2d edition. Svo. 2 vols. 
 London, 1849. 
 
 Morrison : An Essay on the Relations between Capital and 
 
 Labour, by Charles Morrison, Esq. Svo. London, 1854. 
 
 Mylne : Plan of a Course of Lectures on Political Economy, deli- 
 
 vered in the University of Glasgow, by James Mylne, Professor 
 of INIoral Philosophy. Small Tract. 12mo. Glasgow, 1804. 
 
 Newman : Lectures on Political Economy, by F. W. Newman. 
 
 Post Svo. London, 1851. 
 
 Pecchio : Storia della Economia Publica in Italia, ossia Epilogo 
 
 Critico degli Economisti Italiani, preceduto da un Introduzione, 
 di Conte Pecchio. Svo. Lugano, 1829. 
 
 Quesnay — Dupont : La Physiocratie, ou Constitution Naturelle 
 
 du Gouvernement le plus Avantageux an Genre Humain : 
 Recueil des Principaux Ouvrages Economiques de M. Quesnay, 
 redige et public par Dupont de Nemours. 2 parties. In 1 vol. 
 Paris, 1767. 
 
 w. Quincey, De : The Logic of Political Economy, by Thomas De 
 
 Quincey. Svo. Edinburgh and London, 1844. 
 
 Dialogues of Three Templars on Political Economy, chiefly 
 
 in relation to Mr. Ricardo's Principles respecting Value. 
 Tract (from the London Magazine). Svo. 
 These Dialogues appeared in the "London INIagazine " for April and May 1824. 
 They were written by IMr. De Quincey, and are unequalled, perhaps, for brevity, 
 pungency, and force. They not only bring the llicardian theory of value into 
 strong relief, but triumphantly repel, or rather annihilate, the objections virged 
 against it by Malthus, in his pamphlet on the Measure of Value, and in his Politi- 
 cal Economy, as well as by Say, and others. They may, indeed, be said to have 
 exhausted the subject. 
 
 Ricardo : The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, by 
 
 David Ricardo, Esq., M.P. od edition. Svo. London, 1821. 
 
289 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — cont. 
 
 liicardo : The Works of, with a Notice of liis Life and Writings, 
 
 bv J. R. M'Culloch. 8vo. London, 1846. Calf, ex. Portrait 
 
 inserted. 
 This volume comprises the following works, viz. : — 
 
 1. Principles of I'olitical Kconomy aiulTaxation. 3d edition. 1821. 
 
 2. High Price of Bullion a Proof of the Depreciation of Banknotes. 4th edition. 
 
 1811. 
 
 3. Eeply to Mr. Bosanquet's Practical Observ'ations on the Report of the Bullion 
 
 C'ounnittec. 1811. 
 
 4. Kssav on the Influence of a Low Price of Com on the Profits of Stock. 2d edition. 
 
 1815. 
 
 5. Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency, Mith Observations on the 
 
 profits of the Bank of England. 2d edition. 1816. 
 
 6. On Protection to Agriculture. 4th edition. 1822. 
 
 7. Plan for the Establishment of a National Bank. 1824. 
 
 8. I->ssay on the Eunding System. (Erom Encyclopaedia Britannica.") 
 
 9. Observations on I'arliamentary Keform. (Scotsman, 24th April 1824.) 
 10. Revised Speech on Voting by Ballot. (Scotsman, 17th July 1824.) 
 
 These contents sufficiently show that this is one of the most valuable volumes, if it 
 be not the most valuable, to be met with in the wide range of Economical 
 literature. 
 
 I have given in the notice prefixed to this volume the following account of the 
 I'rinciples of Political Economy and Taxation : — 
 
 " Mr. Ricardo maintains, in this work, the fundamental principle, that the exchange- 
 able value of commodities or their relative worth, as compared with each other, 
 depends exclusively on the quantities of labour necessarily required to produce 
 them, and bring them to market. Smitli had shown that this principle determined 
 the value of commodities in the earlier stages of society, before land had been 
 appropriated and capital accumulated ; but, he supposed that, after land had be- 
 come property and rent began to be paid, and after capital had been amassed and 
 ■workmen began to be hired by cai)italists, the value of commodities fluctuated 
 not only according to variations in the labour required to produce and bring them 
 to market, but also according to variations of rents and wages. But ^Ir. Ricardo 
 has shown that this theory is erroneous, and that the value of commodities is de- 
 termined in all states of society by the same principle, or by the quantity of 
 labour required for their production, lie showed that variations of profits or 
 ■wages, by affecting different commodities to the same, or nearly the same, ex- 
 tent, would either have no influence over their exchangeable value, or if they had 
 any, it would depend upon the degree in which they occasionally affect some 
 products more than others. And Dr. Anderson and others having already shown 
 that rent is not an element of cost or value, it follows that the cost or value of all 
 freely produced commodities, the supply of which may be indefinitely increased 
 (abstracting from temporary variations of supply and demand), depends wholly 
 on the quantity of labour required for their production, and not upon the rate at 
 ■which that labour may be paid ; so that, sui)posing the labour required to produce 
 any number of commodities to remain constant, their cost and value will also 
 remain constant, ■whether wages fall from 3«. to is., or rise from 3s. to 5.«., or 7s. 
 a-day. This is the fundamental theorem of the science of value, and the clue 
 ■which unravels the intricate labyrinth of the laws which regulate the distribution 
 of wealth. Its discovery has shed a flood of light on what was previously 
 shrouded in all but impenetrable mystery, and the apparently knotty and hitlierto 
 insoluble questions regarding the action of wages and jirofits on each other and 
 on prices have since cea.sed to present any insuperable difficulties. What the re- 
 searches of Locke and Smith did for the production of wealth, those of Ricardo 
 have done for its value and distribution. 
 
 " The establishment of general principles being Mr. Ricardo's great object, he has 
 paid comparatively little attention to their practical application, and sometimes, 
 indeed, he has in great measure overlooked the circumstances by which they are 
 occasionally countenailed. In illustration of this we may mention, that society 
 being laid under the necessity of constantly resorting to inferior soils to obtain 
 
 T 
 
290 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — cont. 
 
 additional supplies of food, Mr. Ricardo lays it down that, in the progress of 
 societ}', raw produce and wages have a constant tendency to rise and profits to 
 fall. And this, no doubt, is in the abstract true. But it must at the same time be 
 observed that while on the one hand society is obliged constantly to resort to 
 inferior soils, agriculture is on the other hand susceptible of indefinite improve- 
 ment ; and this improvement necessarily in so far countervails the decreasing 
 fertility of the soil ; and may, and in fact very frequently does, more than counter- 
 vail it. Mr. Ricardo has also very generally overlooked the influence of increased 
 prices in diminishing consumption and stimulating industry, so that his conclu- 
 sions, though true according to his assumptions, do not always harmonise with 
 what really takes place. But his is not a practical work ; and it did not enter 
 into his plan to exhibit the circumstances that give rise to the discrepancies in 
 question. The " Principles of Political Economy and Taxation " is not even a 
 systematic treatise, but is principally an inquiry respecting certain fundamental 
 principles, most of which had previously been undiscovered. And though it be 
 often exceedingly difficult, or, it may be^ all but impossible, to estimate the extent 
 to which these principles may in certain cases be modified by other principles and 
 combinations of circumstances, it is obviously of the greatest importance to have 
 ascertained their existence. They are so many land-marks to which to refer, and 
 can never be lost sight of even in matters most essentially practical. 
 
 " That part of I\Ir. Ricardo's work, in which he applies his principles to discover the 
 incidence of taxes on rent, profit, wages, and raw produce, is more practical than 
 the others ; and must always be a subject of careful study to those who wish to 
 make themselves well acquainted with this department of political science." 
 
 And in the same place I have farther added, — " There can be among intelligent men 
 only one opinion of the value of the services which Ricardo rendered to Political 
 Economj'. His works have made a large addition to the mass of useful and 
 universally interesting truths, and afford some of the finest examples to be met 
 with of discriminating analysis, and of profound and refined discussion. The 
 brevity with which he has stated some of his most important propositions, their 
 intimate dependence on each other, the fewness of his illustrations, and the 
 mathematical cast he has given to his reasoning, render it sometimes a little diffi- 
 cult for readers unaccustomed to such investigations readily to follow him. But we 
 can venture to affirm that those who will give to his works the attention of which 
 they are so worthy, will find them to be as logical and conclusive as they are 
 profound and important. It was the opinion of Quintilian that the students of 
 eloquence who were highly delighted with Cicero, had made no inconsiderable 
 progress in their art ; and the same may, without hesitation, be said of the students of 
 political economy who find pleasure in the works of Ricardo. Ilk se profecisse 
 sciat, cui Ricardo, valde placebit." 
 
 Riviere (de la) : L'Ordre Naturel et Essentiel des Societes Poli- 
 
 tiques, par M. Mercier de la Riviere. 4to. Loudres, (Paris,) 
 1767. Calf, g-ilt, uncut. 
 
 Rossi : Cours d'Economie Politique, par M. Rossi. 2de edition. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1843. 
 
 Say : Traite d'Economie Politique, ou Simple Exposition de la 
 
 Maniere dont se forment, se distribuent, et se consomment 
 les Richesses, par M. J. B. Say. 5me edition. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 Paris, 1826. Calf, ex. 
 
 This is a sort of French "Wealth of Nations. There is little of value in it that is not 
 to be found in its English prototype ; but being well arranged, having sundry new 
 illustrations, and being concise and well written, it became popular, and had a con- 
 siderable intiuence in diffusing a taste for these inquiries in France and throughout 
 the continent. But despite its merits, it was permitted by its author to become in 
 many respects sadly deficient. Say seems to have been weak enough to flatter 
 himself with the idea that political economy had in his hands attained to its utmost 
 deoi-ee of perfection ! Hence his contemptuous repudiation of the great discoveries 
 and improvements made by Ricardo and others ; and hence, notwithstanding the 
 
291 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — cont. 
 
 science had been so greatly chanpjed in the interval, the first edition of his book, 
 publi>ihed in 1802, ditlers "hut little in detail, and nothin.!.' in principle, from the 
 last, which M-as published in 1826. In consequence it has ceased to be of any 
 use as a scientific treatise, though in other respects it continues to be of some 
 importance. 
 
 Scliinalz — Jouffroy : Traiti' d'Ecoiiomie Politique, Oiivrngc traduit 
 
 lU' rAlloniaiul do i\I. Sclimalz, par M, Joufi'roy. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Paris, 1826. Calf, ex., llayday. 
 
 Scrope : Principles of Political Economy, by G. Poulett Scrope, 
 
 Esq., M.P. 12mo. London, 1833. 
 
 Senior : An Outline of the Science of Political Economy, ])y 
 
 N. "W. Senior, Esq., A.M. Erom the Encyclopajdia 
 
 Metropolitana. 4to. London, 1836. 
 
 The same Work. Post 8vo. London, 1850. 
 
 Lectures and other Tracts on Political Economy, and 
 
 Subjects connected therewith, viz. — 
 
 1. Introductory Lecture on Political Economy, delivered before" 
 
 the University of Oxford by N. W. Senior, Professor of 
 I'olitical Economy, 1827. 
 
 2. Three Lectures on the Transmission of the Precious Metals 
 
 from Country to Countiy, 1828. 
 
 3. Two Lectures ou I'opulation, 1829. ,' 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 4. Three Lectures on the Cost of obtaining Money, 1830. 
 
 5. Three Lectures on the Rate of Wages, 1830. 
 
 6. A Letter to Lord Howick on a Legal Provision for the Iri.sh 
 
 Poor, 1831. 
 
 Sismondi : Nouveaux Principes d'Economie Politique, par M. Si- 
 
 monde de Sismondi. 2de edition. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1827. 
 
 Smith : An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of 
 
 Nations, by Adam Smith, LL.D. Original edition. 
 4to. 2 vols. London, 1776. Calf, ex. Portrait in- 
 serted. 
 
 The same Work, with Life of Author, by J. R, M'C, and 
 
 Portrait inserted. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1789. 
 
 The same Work, from the last Edition published by 
 
 Dr. Smith, with a Life of the Author, an Introductory 
 Discourse, Notes, and Supplemental Dissertations, by 
 J. R. M'Culloch. 8vo. 4 vols. Edinburgh, 1828. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 . The same Work ; the Editor's portion being carefully 
 
 revised and corrected throughout, with a new Life and 
 
 additional Notes and Dissertations. In 1 vol. 8vo., double 
 
 columns. 4th edition. Edinburgh, 1855. 
 
 I have elsewhere examined most part of the leading theories and conclusions 
 
 advanced in this famous work.* At present, it is enough to observe, that despite 
 
 its imperfections in a scientific point of ^new, the objections that have been made, 
 
 and not without ju.stice, to its arrangement, and the many changes that have taken 
 
 place since its publication in the policy and condition of nations, its celebrity is in 
 
 no degree diminished. It is not, in truth, a book for one country or one age, 
 
 but for all countries and all ages ; and will always be regarded as a noble monu- 
 
 • See Principlesof Political Economy ; art. on Political Economy in the Encyclopaedia Britannica; 
 and my edition of the Wealth of Nations. 
 
292 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — cont. 
 
 ment of profound thinking, various learning, and persevering research, applied to 
 purposes of the highest interest and importance. 
 
 Previously to the publication of the Wealth of Nations, some of the disjecta membra 
 of the science of Political Economy had been discovered, with indications of the 
 others. But their importance, whether in a practical or scientific point of view, 
 and their dependence on each other were all but wholly unknown. They formed 
 an undigested mass, without order or any sort of rational connexion ; what was 
 sound and true being frequently (as in the theory of the Economists) closely 
 linked to what was false and contradictory. Smith was the enchanter who educed 
 order out of this chaos, — 
 
 " E tenebris tantis tarn clarum extollere lumen 
 Qui primus potuisti, inlustrans commoda vitae," — 
 and in such complicated and diiBcult subjects, a higher degree of merit belongs to 
 the party who first establishes the truth of a new doctrine, and traces its con- 
 sequences and limitations, than to him who may previously have stumbled upon it 
 by accident, and dismissed it as if it were valueless. He did not, like the greater 
 number of his predecessors, build his conclusions on metaphysical abstractions, 
 or on the partial and distorted statements of interested or prejudiced parties, but 
 on a careful review and analysis of the more prominent circumstances connected 
 with the progi-ess of society from antiquity down to his own times. And none 
 will be surprised that in taking for the first time so wide a sui-vey, he sometimes 
 overlooked a principle, or was deceived in regard to its influence or operation, and 
 that, in consequence, some parts of his book are defective or erroneous. This, 
 however, is but rarely the case. He had none of that impetuous rashness which, 
 while it satisfies itself with hasty and superficial investigations, pushes with 
 unhesitating confidence every theory, however narrow or ill-founded, to an 
 extreme. On the contrary, he was slow and circumspect. And without seeking 
 to establish new doctrines, was influenced by a sincere desire to trace and discover 
 the natural and sound principles of public economy, however obscured by sophistry 
 or encumbered by error, and to exhibit what he believed would be found to be 
 their practical working, if allowed to come into free operation. In pursuing his 
 laborious inquiries, his caution and his unequalled sagacity never forsook him. 
 And the real wonder is, that a work involving so many abstruse researches and 
 conflicting considerations, should have so few blemishes, and be so nearly perfect 
 as we find it to be. 
 
 By showing that the real and lasting interests of nations are always best promoted 
 by cultivating a fair and friendly intercourse with their neighbours, and that the 
 jealousies and fears that were formerly entertained of the advance of others in 
 wealth and civilization are as unfounded as they are malevolent, the Wealth of 
 Nations has contributed in no ordinary degree to weaken national antipathies, and 
 to lessen the chances of war. Its influence in this respect has been most powerful 
 and it has materially affected and moulded the policy and conduct of nations. In 
 consequence, Mr. Buckle does not hesitate to affirm, that " Adam Smith contri- 
 buted more by the publication of this single work towards the happiness of man, 
 than has been efl'ected by the united abilities of all the statesmen and legislators of 
 whom history has preserved an authentic account " (Life of Smith in Ency. 
 Britannica). 
 
 The following statements show what the Editor has attempted in preparing his 
 edition of the Wealth of Nations : — 
 
 1. "The majority of those who refer to any work of authority or celebrity being 
 anxious to learn something of the author, a sketch is given of the life and 
 writings of Smith. This has been partly founded upon Dugald Stewart's memoirs. 
 But we have collected numerous facts and details fi-om other sources, some of 
 which are alike curious and instructive, and have taken our own view of the 
 inferences to be drawn from them. 
 
 2. " Following the life is an introductory discourse, in which an attempt is made to 
 trace the rise and progress of the science of wealth down to the publication of the 
 "Wealth of Nations ;' to estimate the principal merits and defects of that work, 
 and to point out the distinguishing steps in the subsequent advance of the science. 
 This, which is now considerably enlarged, is believed to have been, when first 
 
Political Economy, Works on— co/it. 
 
 published, the only sketch of its kind tliat had appeared in the English lanp-uape. 
 It seemed to be necessary, as well to enable the reader fairly to estimate the 
 services rendered by Smith in this interostinp; department of human knowledge, 
 as to do justice to those who in less enlightened times laid the foundations of that 
 liberal system of commercial policy that has already done so much to promote 
 the well-being of mankind, and to those who, at a later period, Jiave assisted 
 in bringing the science to the advanced state in which we now find it 
 " Numerous foot notes are subjoined to the text. These are sometimes of a con- 
 troversial character ; but their principal purpose is to point out the more prominent 
 changes that have occurred in the laws, customs, and institutions referred to by 
 the author. The supplemental notes or dissertations are given together at the end 
 of the volume. The latter have a twofold object in view ; being i)artly intended 
 to make the reader aware of the fallacy or insufficiency of the theories vhich 
 Smith has sometimes adopted, and partly to exhibit a view of the principal dis- 
 coveries and improvements made in economical science, and of the more important 
 changes introduced into our commercial legislation since theclose of the American 
 war. They also embrace several additional speculations on subjects of general 
 interest and importance. One of the dissertations contains an admirable letter of 
 Smith to Dr CuUen on University degrees. 
 " Such are the objects which the Editor had in view in preparing this edition. To 
 have executed it in a manner worthy the original work would have required 
 talents and acquirements to which he makes no pretensions. But if industry, long 
 continued attention to the subject, and an anxious desire to acquit himself creditably 
 of his task, can at all qualify for such an arduous undertaking, he is not without 
 hopes that what he has done may be approved by the public."— (Preface.) 
 
 See, also. Smith in the alphabetical order. 
 
 Spence : Tracts on Political Economy (including Britain Inde- 
 pendent of Commerce), with Prefatory Remarks, by William 
 Spence, Esq., F.L.S. 8vo. London, 1822. 
 
 Steuart : An Inquiry into tile Principles of Political Economy ; 
 
 being an Essay on the Science of Domestic Policy in Free 
 Nations, by Sir James Steuart, Bart. 4to. 2 vols. London, 
 1767. 
 
 Stewart's Lectures on Political Economy. See Stewart, Dugald, 
 
 Works of. 
 
 Storch : Cours d'Economie Politique, ou Exposition des Principes 
 
 qui determiuent la Prosperite des Nations, parM. Henri 
 Storch, avec des Notes de Say. Svo. 4 vols. Paris, 
 1823. Calf, ex., Ilayday. 
 
 Uniform Avith the above is the Work of Storch, entitled 
 
 " Considerations sur la Nature du Revenu National." 
 8vo. Paris, 1824. 
 
 Thiers : Traite de la Propriete, par M. Thiers. Svo. Paris, 1848. 
 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 Torreus : An Essay on the Production of Wealth, bv Colonel 
 
 Torrens. 8vo. London, 1821. Calf, ex. 
 On Wages and Combinations. 8vo. London. 
 
 Tracy : Traite d'Economie Politique, par M. Le Comte Destutt 
 
 Tracy. Svo. Paris, 181.5. 
 This copy of the book is unique. It is that portion of one of the volumes of the 
 " Kh'mens dTdeologie " which consists of Political Economy, with an appropriate 
 title page. 
 
 The same book as published by the Author. 24mo. Paris, 
 
 1823. 
 Having been published before the true doctrines in regard to rent and profits had 
 been established, this book is, in some respects, defective ; but it is, ugtwithstand- 
 
294 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — co7it. 
 
 ing, highly deserving of the reader's attention, and is, probahly, on the whole, 
 preferable to any work on political economy that had been published in France 
 when it appeared. The nature of production has never been so well explained 
 as in the following paragraph : — 
 
 " Toutes les operations de la nature et de I'art se reduisent a des transmutations, a 
 des changemens de formes et de lieux. Non-seulement nous ne creons jamais 
 rien, mais il nous est meme impossible de concevoir ce que c'est que creer, ou 
 aneantir, si nous entendons rigoureusement par ces mots, faire quelque chose 
 de rien, ou reduire quelque chose a rien ; car nous n'avons jamais vu un etre 
 quelconque sortir du neant ni y rentrer. De la cet axiome admis par toute 
 I'antiquite : rien ne vient de rien, et ne pent redevenir rien. Que faisons-nous 
 done par notre travail, par notre action sur tons les ctres qui nous entourent ? 
 Jamais rien, qu'opc'rer dans ces ctres des changemens de forme ou de lieu qui 
 les approprient a notre usage, qui les rendent utiles a la satisfaction de nos 
 besoins. Voila ce que nous devons entendre par produire ,- c'est donner aux 
 choses une utilite qu'elles n'avaient pas. Quelque soit notre travail, s'il n'en 
 resulte point d'utilite. il est infructueux ; s'il en resulte, il est pruductif." . 
 
 The following paragraph is at once original, ingenious, and just : — 
 
 " Maintenant qu'est-ce done que la socicte ? Je ne crains point de le dire : la 
 societe est purement et uniquement une sirie continuelle d'echanges; elle n'est 
 jamais autre chose dans aucune epoque de sa duree, depuis son commencement le 
 plus informe jusqu'a sa plus grande perfection ; et c'est la le plus grand eloge 
 qu'on en puisse faire, car I'echange est une transaction admirable dans laquelle 
 les deux contractans gagnent toujours tons deux ; par consequent la societe est 
 une suite non interrompue d'avantages sans cesse renaissans pour tous ses mem- 
 bres." And he goes on to show that such is uniformly the case. 
 
 We regret that our limits will not admit of our making any fiirther extracts ; but 
 those that we have made are enough to show the originality and superiority of 
 the work. The style is concise, clear, and forcible. 
 
 Trades Societies and Strikes, being the Eeport of the Com- 
 
 mittee on such Societies to the Social Science Meeting, held at 
 Glasgow in 1860. 8vo. London, 1860. 
 
 This publication contains a great deal of useful information, on a very important 
 and difficult subject. 
 
 Tucker : Tracts on Economical Subjects, by Josiah Tucker, D.D., 
 
 Dean of Gloucester. 8vo. 3 vols. London, &c., V.Y. 
 
 A very complete collection of scarce and valuable tracts. 
 
 • Turgot : Q^uvres de M. Turgot, avec des Mcmoircs sur sa Vie 
 
 (par M. Dupont de Nemours). 8vo. 9 vols. Paris, 1811. 
 
 ■■ Reflections on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth, 
 
 from the French of, &c. (Tract.) 8vo. London, 1793. 
 
 Having been reprinted by Lord Overstone, I prefixed to this tract the following 
 notice : — 
 
 "This tract was originally published in 1767, nine years before the publication of 
 the ' Wealth of Nations.' But there do not seem to be any good grounds for 
 regarding it, as some have done, as the ' germ ' of the latter. In addition to it. 
 Smith had before him the lucubrations of Quesnay, the founder of the theory, with 
 those of Dupont, the elder Mirabeau, the Abbe Baudeau, Letrosne, and other 
 zealous apostles of the new doctrines. And Smith has himself stated that he was 
 in the habit of teaching in Glasgow so early as 1753 those liberal and enlarged 
 views with respect to the intercourse between nations that form so important a 
 part of the Wealth of Nations.' But though they did not originate his views, the 
 writings of Turgot and other leading economists undoubtedly gave a decided bias 
 to the reasonings of Smith. He stout'y resisted their conclusions in regard to the 
 unproductiveness of manufactures and commerce ; but, in compliance with their 
 theory, he so far deviated from the sound principles of his own system as to admit 
 
'29 o 
 
 Political Economy, Works on — co/it. 
 
 that there are other tests than tlie rate of profit whicli they respectively yield by 
 ■which to estimate the productiveness of the various branches of industry. Hence 
 ■we doubt whether Smith was really indebted for much that was valuable to the 
 economists. lie did not profit to so great an extent as he might have done by the 
 precision of their definitions, and the scientific manner in which they usually con- 
 ducted their investigations. And his masterly exposition of the advantages of 
 industrial freedom, and of the injurious operation of the protective systeui, owes 
 nothing to their labours. Nevertheless, their system i.s both liberal and ingenious. 
 And despite the fundamental eiTors which it involves, Smith was justified in 
 saying that when it appeared ' it was the nearest approximation to the truth that 
 had been published upon the subject of political economy.' — (Wealth of Nations, 
 p. 307.) 
 
 "Besides the tract on the Fonnation of Wealth, Turgot published a number of 
 memoirs, letters, and pamiihlets, mostly on subjects connected with public 
 economy. Ke was not, however, a mere theorist. On the contrary, he was 
 engaged for a considerable period in the public service ; and his experience, and 
 the observations wh'ch he made in conducting the affairs entrusted to his super- 
 intendence, furnished the materia!s for some of his most valuable publications. lu 
 17C1 he became Intendant of Limoges, a situation in which he distinguished him- 
 self by his efforts to improve the provincial administration, by providing, in as 
 far as practicable, for the more equal assessment of the taxes, commuting or 
 abolishing the charge of compulsory labour (corvces) on account of the high roads, 
 and so forth. After being for a short while Minister of Marine, he was finally 
 chosen in 1774, by Louis XVI., to fill the important place of Comptroller- 
 General of Finance. Much was expected of him in this position, and these 
 expectations were not disappointed. He established the freedom of the internal 
 corn trade throughout the kingdom, abolished the system of compulsoiy labour, 
 and began to introduce sundry reforms of a searching and efficient character into 
 the various departments connected with the assessment, collection, and disposal of 
 the public revenue. Hut these measures, though indispensable, gave rise to a vast 
 deal of opposition ; and the outcry against them, raised by the nobility, clergy, 
 and others, who profited, or supposed that they profited, by the abuses which Turgot 
 had detennined to suppress, was so very violent that it speedily drove him trom 
 power. It is but fair to Louis XV^I. to state that he approved generally of the 
 proceedings of his minister ; and had he possessed sufficient firmness and decision 
 of character to give him an effectual support, it is possible that such improvements 
 ■would have been effected in the administration as might have gone far to avert th« 
 revolution. But Louis was totally unequal to the crisis. And the dismissal of 
 Turgot having put an end to all hopes of anything like an adequate reform being 
 brought about by constitutional means, nothing was left to obstruct, or turn aside, 
 the tremendous catastrophe which soon after precipitated the throne, the 
 aristocracy, the clergy, and the entire system of government into the abyss of 
 ruin." 
 
 Turgot died in 1781, in his 54th vear. 
 
 Twiss : View of the Progi-ess of Politienl Economy since the 
 
 16th Century, by Travers Twi.'^s, D.C.L. 8vo. London, 
 
 1847. 
 Verri : Meditazioni sulla Economia Politica, del Conte Pielro 
 Verri, Svo. Milano, 1771. 
 
 Opere Filosofiche e d'Economia Politica. Ediz. compinta. 
 
 12mo. 4 vols. Milano, 1818. 
 Wakctield : An Essay on Political Economy, by Daniel Wakefield, 
 
 Esq. Post Svo. 2d edition. London, 1804. 
 Whately : Lectures introductory to a Cour.se on the Science of 
 
 Political Economy, by Dr. Whately. Archbishop of Dublin. 
 
 8vo. London, 1831. 
 
296 
 
 Political Economy, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. A Discourse on the Science of Political Economy, by J. K. " 
 
 M'Culloch, 1824. 
 
 2. Syllabus of a Com-se of Lectures on Political Economy by the 
 
 same, 1835. 
 
 3. Discourse delivered at the Opening of the City of London 
 
 Literary and Scientific Institution, by the same, 1825. 
 
 4. Introductory Lecture to a Com'se of Political Economy, de- 
 
 livered at Columbia College, New York, by the Eev. J. 
 M'Vickar, D.D. 1830. 
 
 5. Observations on some Topics in Political Economy, 1825. 
 
 6. Political Economy Condensed, or the Natural Cause and Proper 
 
 Means of Improving the Human Intellect, &c., by the 
 Author of the Effects of Property, &c. 
 New and Easy Introduction to the Principles of Political 
 Economy. 
 8. An Essay on the Political Economy of Nations, 1821. 
 
 • 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 1. Tracts on Political Economy, by William Spence, Esq., F.R.S. 
 
 1822. 
 
 2. The Measure of Value, by the Eev. T. R. Malthus, M.A., F.R.S. 
 
 1823. 
 
 3. An Examination of the Doctrines of Value, by Charles Eorster 
 
 Cotterell, 1831. 
 
 4. An Essay on the Standard of Value, 1832. 
 
 5. Inquiry into the Operation of Tithes upon Rent, by John 
 
 Buckle, Esq., M.A. 1827. 
 
 6. Essay on the Rent of Land, 1825. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Reflections on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth, by "" 
 
 M. Turgot, from the French, 1793. 
 The Essential Principles of the Wealth of Nations Illustrated, 
 
 in opposition to some False Doctrines of Dr. Adam Smith and 
 
 others, 1797. 
 New and Old Principles of Trade Compared, or a Treatise on 
 
 the Principles of Commerce between Nations, 1788. 
 
 . 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 1. Considerations sur ITnstitution des Principales Banques de 
 
 I'Europe, par M. Monbrion, 1805. 
 
 2. Sur la Banque de France, 1806. 
 
 3. Memoires sur le Pret a Interet et sur le Commerce des Fers, 
 
 par M. Turgot, 1789. 
 
 4. Britain Independent of Commerce, by W. Spence, 1808. 
 
 5. Commerce Defended, an Answer to the above, by J. Mill, Esq. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 1. An Inaugural Address on History and Political Economy, by 
 
 Francis Lieber, LL.D. 1836. 
 
 2. System of Political Economy, by Charles Henry Hagen, LL.D. 
 
 1844. 
 
 3. The Measure of Value Stated and Illustrated by the Rev. T. R. 
 
 Malthus, M.A., F.R.S. 1823. 
 
 4. Considerations on the Accumulation of Capital, &c. 1822. 
 
 5. Notices on Political Economy, &c., 1821. 
 
 6. Six Letters to the Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel, Bart., by 
 
 a Political Economist (Thomas C. Banfield), 1843. 
 
 7. The Question of Population, &c., being an Answer to the 
 
 Article in the 70th Number of Edinburgh Review on Godwin 
 on Population, 1821. 
 8 Remarks on the Averages of Hamburg, &c., 1833. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
297 
 
 
 (- 8v'o. 1 vol. 
 
 Political Economy, Tracts on — con t. 
 
 1. A Free Trade Essential to the Wclftire of Great Britain, by"] 
 
 John Clay. Ksq. 1819. 
 
 2. On the Trade to China, by Charles Assey, Esq. 1819. 
 
 3. A Letter on a Direct Communication with India, by Silcnus 
 
 (William IJain, Ksq.), 181'.>. 
 
 4. Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on rolitical Economy, by 
 
 George IVyme, Esq., M.A. 1819. 
 
 5. Crombie's j'etters on the Present State of the Agricultural In- 
 
 terest, 1816. 
 
 6. Tolicy and Justice of Prohibiting the Use of Grain in Distil- 
 
 leries, by Archibald Bell, Esq. 1808. 
 
 7. Letter E.v'planatory of the Uses of Salt, by Samuel Parkes, Esq. 
 
 1819. 
 
 1 . Four Lectures on Poor Laws, by ^L Longfield, Esq. 18.34. "] 
 
 2. Three Lectures on Commerce, and one on Absenteeism, by Af. | 
 
 Longfield, Em]. 1835. ' J- yyo. 1 vol. 
 
 3. Introductory I>ecture delivered before the University of Dublin, 
 
 by Isaac Butt, LL.B., Professor of Political Economy, 1837. J 
 
 Annals of Banks for Savings, 1818. 
 
 Jtlr. Grenfell's Speech on the Allowances to the Bank, 13th 
 
 February 1816. 
 Jlr. Grenfell's Speech on the Subject of applying the Sinking 
 
 Fund as part of the Loan, 28th April 1814. 
 Webster's Account of Scottish Money and Coins, 1817. 
 Chalmers' Comparative View of the State of Great Britain and 
 
 Ireland before and after the War, 1817. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 1. Townsend on the Poor Laws, originally publi.^hed in 1786, and 
 
 reprinted in 1817, with a Preface by Lord (irenville. 
 
 2. Jlr. Brougham's Speech on the State of«the Nation, 13th March, 
 
 1817. 
 
 3. Essay on the Application of Capital to Land, by a Fellow of the 
 
 University of Oxford, 1815. 
 
 4. Reply to ilr. Bosanquet's Observations on the Keport of the 
 
 IJullion Committee, by David liicardo, ICsq. 1811. 
 
 5. Ob.servations for the Use of Landed Gentlemen, by Eusticus, 
 
 1817. 
 
 1 
 
 !> 8vo. I vol. 
 
 System of Political Economy, from the German of Charles "] 
 Henry riagen, LL.D. 1844. I 
 
 2. Introductory Lecture on the Study of Political Economy, by 
 
 Herman Merivale, A.M. 1837. " | 
 
 3. Introductory Lecture, by Isaac Butt. LL.B. 1837. 1> 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 4. Introductory Lecture on Political p]conomy, &c., by the Bev. 
 
 B. Jones, M.A. 1833. 
 
 5. Five Lectures on Political Economy, by James Anthony Law- 
 
 son, LL.B. 1844. J 
 
 Political Tracts, viz.: — 
 
 1. Observations on Coin in General, with Proposals for Regulating "" 
 
 the Value of Coin in Ireland, by Mr. Thomas Prior, 1729. 
 
 2. The Present State of Ireland Considered, 1730. 
 
 3. The Interest of England Considered with respect to the Woollen 
 
 Manufactures, &c., or Remarks on a late Pamphlet, entitled 
 Some Thoughts on the Woollen Manufactures of England, 
 1731. 
 
 4. Some Obsers-ations on the Present State of Ireland, particu- 
 
 larly with relation to the Woollen Manufacture, in a Letter to 
 his Excellency the Duke of Dorset, by the Hon. John Per- 
 cival, Esq. 1731. 
 
298 
 
 Political Tracts — cont. 
 
 5. Observations on the Bill now Depending in the House of Lords 
 
 with relation to the Woollen Manufacture, by a Clothier (Mr. 
 Bindon), 1731. 
 
 6. Some Thoughts on the Woollen IManufactures of England, in 
 
 a Letter from the same to a Member of Parliament, 1731. 
 
 7. Observations on the Trade between Ireland and the English \- 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 and Foreign Colonies in America in a Letter to a Friend, by 
 Mr. Prior, 1731. 
 
 8. Some Eemarks on the Conduct of the Parliament of England, 
 
 as far as relates to the Woollen Manufacture, by the Honour- 
 able John Percival, Esq. 1731. 
 
 9. An Enquiry into some of the causes of the 111 Situation of the 
 
 Affairs of Ireland ; with some Refleccions on the Trade, Manu- 
 factures, &c. of England, 1732. 
 
 10. Proposals for preventing the running of Wool, and Encourag- 
 
 ing the Woollen Manufacture, 1731. 
 
 11. Schemes for Ireland, for the Benefit of the Body Natural, 
 
 Ecclesiastical, and Politick, &c. By Dean Swift, 1732. 
 
 12. The Infallible Scheme to pay the Publick Debt of this Nation 
 
 in Six Months, by the same, 1732. 
 
 13. Some Remarks occasioned by the Eev. Mr. Madden's Scheme, 
 
 and Objections raised against it, 1732. 
 
 1. Statement of the Question of Parliamentary Reform. 1821. 
 
 2. Speech of John George Lambton, Esq., in the House of Com- 
 
 mons, 17th April 1821, with aBill for aReform of Parliament. 
 
 3. Declaration of England against the Holy Alliance, 1821. 
 
 4. Reflections on the Conduct of the Allies, 1821. 
 
 5. A Guide to the Electors of Great Britain, 1820. 
 
 6. A Peep at the Peers. [• gvo. 1 vol. 
 
 7. A Peep at the Commons. 
 
 8. Letter from a Grecian Traveller respecting the Intended Cession 
 
 of Parga, 1819. 
 
 9. Debate in the House of Commons on Punishment of Death, 
 
 2d March 1819. 
 10. Buonapartephobia. The Origin of Dr. Slop's Name. 1820. 
 
 1. Lord Erskine's Short Defence of the Whigs, 1819. 
 
 2. Mr. Francis Place's Reply to Lord Erskine, 1819. 
 
 3. Second Defence of the Whigs, by Lord Erskine, 1819. 
 
 4. Defence of the People, by J. C. Hobhouse, Esq., 1819. 
 
 5. Speech of Sir Francis Burdett on Parliamentary Reform, 1st J- 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 July 1819. 
 
 6. Representation to Ferdinand VII. by Estrada, 1819. 
 
 7. Letter to Lord Plolland on Foreign Politics, by Lord John 
 
 Eussell, 1819. 
 \. The Question of Reform Considered, with Hints for a Plan. 
 2d edition. 1831. 
 
 2. Essentials of Parliamentary Eeforra, by George Grote, Esq. 
 
 1831. 
 
 3. Popular Opinions on Parliamentary Reform Considered, by Sir 
 
 J. Walsh, Bart, M.P. 1831. 
 
 4. A Dialogue on Election by Ballot, by W. H. Ord, Esq. 1831. 
 
 5. Reflections on the Ballot, 1831. 
 
 6. Objections to the Ballot, 1831. J 
 
 POLOGNE, Histoire des Dietes de, pour les Elections des Rois, par M. de 
 
 la Bizardiere. 12ino. Paris, 1697. Mor., ex. 
 PoMBAL : Anecdotes du Ministere de Marquis de Pombal. Nouvelle 
 
 edition. 8vo. a Varsovie, 1784. Mor. 
 PoMPEiANA. See Gell. 
 
 Svo. 1 vol. 
 
299 
 
 PoMrEii, in Ihe Library of Entertaining Knowledge. Sec Long. 
 
 Poor and Poon Laws : — 
 
 Alison : Observations on the Management of the Poor"] 
 
 in Scotland, by W. P. Alison, M.D. 1840. poj,^ 8vo 
 
 Keply to ]\Ir, ^I()ny])enny's Pamphlet on the > j . * 
 
 Proposed Alteration of the Scottish Poor 
 Laws. 1840. J 
 
 Buret : De la Misere des Classes Laborieuses en Angleterre et en 
 
 France, par Eugene Buret. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1840. Calf, ex. 
 
 • Burn : The Ilisturv of the Poor Laws, with Observations, by 
 
 Kichard Burn, LI^.D. 8vo. London, 17G4. 
 
 Cassagiiac (Granier de) : Ilistoire des Classes Ouvrieres, et des 
 
 Classes Bourgeoises, par M. G. Do Cassagnac. 12mo. Bruxelles, 
 
 1838. 
 Clement : Recherches sur les Causes de I'lndigence, par A. Clement. 
 
 8vo. Paris, 1846. Calf, ex., Hayday. 
 ■ Crumpe : An Essay on the Best Means of Providing Employment 
 
 for the People, by Samuel Crumpe, M.D. 2d edition. Svo. 
 
 London, 1795. 
 
 Defoe : Giving Alms no Charity, and Employing the Poor a 
 
 Grievance to the Nation (by Defoe). Tract in 4to. 1704. 
 
 Very scarce. 
 This is one of the scarcest as well as most celebrated of the minor -vrorks of the 
 author of " Kobinson Crusoe." It was written in opposition to a bill introduced into 
 Parliament by .Sir Humphrey Mackworth, to authorize the levy of a parochial rate 
 for the carrjing on of manufactures in workhouses, at which the inmates in these 
 establishments were to be employed. Though highly instrumental in stopping the 
 progress of the bill, and often referred t6, this Tract, fi-oui its extreme rarity, has 
 been seen by few of the economists of tliis century. And this circumstimce, and the 
 attention that is still given to the project, have procured for it a place in this collec- 
 tion. It would be easy to show that, except in very peculiar cases, the adoption of 
 Mackworth's or of any similar scheme would unavoidably lead to mismanagement, 
 jobbing, and abiuse. Ikit Defoe did not re.st his opposition to it on these grounds. 
 He attacked its principle, and contended that it was founded on an entirely eiTo- 
 neous tlieon,-. " For every skein of worsted the poor children in a workhouse spin 
 there must (said he) be a skein the less spun by some poor family or person that 
 spim it before." And hence he concluded tliat by adopting the scheme Parliament 
 would merely change the scats of employment and pauperism ; taking, as he ex- 
 presses it, " the bread out of the mouths of the poor of one part of the country to 
 put it into the mouths of the poor of anotlier part." 
 But, though plau-sible, these arguments are not so conclusive as many have sup- 
 posed. The occupiers of workhoases and prisons have to be supported, whether they 
 are employed or kept in idleness. And such being the ca.se, and supposing it Mere 
 practicable to employ them, so tliat the produce of their labour should sell for more 
 than the co.st of the material on which it is exerted, would it be prudent to refu.se to 
 avail ourselves of their services ? Whatever they produce while in confinement is 
 so much added to the public wealth, and the sums required for their support may be 
 in so far reduced. It is no good rea.son for refusing to profit by their labour to 
 allege, with Defoe, that so much less labour must be performed el.sewhere. The 
 fact is quite otherwise. Labour is not a constant quantitj'. On the contrary, the 
 demand for its produce, and therefore for itself, is altogether illimitable. Occa- 
 sionally there may be an excess of one or of a few things; but it is impo.ssible, 
 seeing the endless cravings of the human mind, that there should ever be a surplus 
 of the various products of art and industry; or that if work-people be thrown out 
 of one bu.siness or employment, there should not be an equivalent demand for them 
 in others. 
 
 " Nee Crcesi fortnna unquam nee Persica regna 
 Sufficient aninio " 
 
.soo 
 
 Poor and Poor Laws — cont. 
 
 Defoe has repeated the identical sophism which is always in the mouths of those who 
 are opposed to every improvement. It might have been, and no doubt was, objected 
 to Arkwright's inventions, that for every skein of yarn spun by a spinning-frame a 
 skein the less would be spun by the common hand- wheel ; and if that had been held 
 to be a reason why the former should not be inti'oduced, the cotton manufacture, 
 which supplies fi-om 1,250,000 to 1,500,000 persons in the United Ivingdom with 
 subsistence and the means of rising to distinction, would never have had auy footing 
 amongst us. 
 
 But it is needless to insist upon what is now so generally admitted and so very obvious. 
 In matters of this sort the author of " Robinson Crusoe" was quite as prejudiced 
 and pm-blind as the mass of those around him. He had not read, or if he had read, 
 he at all events had not profited by the reasonings by which Sir Dudley North and 
 the author of the tract on the " East India Trade," have conclusively shown the advan- 
 tage of new and cheaper markets, and of new and improved methods of production. 
 
 But notwithstanding he en-ed in objecting to the principle of Mackwoilh's project, 
 and not to the abuses inseparable from every attempt to carry it into practice, 
 Defoe's Tract is extremely valuable. His observations on the condition of the poor 
 and the causes of poverty, and on the proper method of bestowing charity, are alike 
 able and discriminating. They evince sound good sense, free from all affectation 
 of sentiment or philanthropy, and are but little less applicable at present than at the 
 period when they were written. (This Tract is contained in the volume of Miscel- 
 laneous Tracts reprinted by Lord Overstone, and to it I prefixed the preceding 
 notice.) 
 
 Degerando : De la Bienfaisance Publique, par M. le Baron De- 
 
 gerando. 8vo. 4 vols. Paris, 1839. Calf, ex. 
 Visiteur du Pauvre. 4me ed. 12mo. Bruxelles, 1829. 
 
 Dupin : Histoire de I'Administration des Secours Publics, par 
 
 M. le Baron Dupin. 8vo. Paris, 1821. Calf, ex.. Rare. 
 
 Eden : The State of the Poor, or an History of the Labouring 
 
 Classes in England from the Conquest to the Present Period, 
 by Sir F. M. Eden, Bart. 4to. 3 vols. London, 1797. 
 This important work contains a vast body of authentic information respecting the 
 condition of the labouring classes of the populaticm, from the Conquest down to the 
 close of last century The first volume comprises a general history of the poor, the 
 fruit of much laborious and painstaking research ; the second volume, and part 
 of the third, consist principally of parochial reports on the state of the poor from 
 all parts of the country, some of which extend to remote epochs. The Appendix 
 includes an extensive and elaborate table of prices, a collection of statutes relating 
 to the poor, a notice of the poor of Scotland, and the most complete catalogue that 
 has ever been published of the various works in the English language that had 
 then appeared relative to the poor. Altogether this is the grand storehouse of 
 information respecting the labouring classes of England, and should have a 
 prominent place in every library. 
 
 Fix : Observations sur I'Etat des Classes Ouvrieres, par Theodore 
 
 Fix. 8vo. Paris, 1846. Calf, ex.. Hay day. 
 There is included in the volume a Biographical Notice of the Author, and a Cata- 
 logue of his Library. 
 
 Fodere : Essai Historique et Morale sur la Pauvrete des Nations, 
 
 la Population, la Mendicite, etc., par M. Fodere. 8vo. Paris, 
 1825. 
 
 Lees : A Treatise on the Existing Poor Laws of Scotland, by 
 
 James Lees, Esq. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1847. 
 
 Mayhew : London Labour and London Poor, by Henry Mayhew. 
 
 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1851. 
 Comprises many curious and interesting details not to be usually met with. 
 
301 
 
 Poor and Poou Laws — cont. 
 
 ' Meudicite : Los Moyens do Detruiro la Mcndicite en France, en 
 
 reiidant les Mondians utiles a TEtat sans los rciulrc niallicureux ; 
 tires des iNIomoires qui out eoncouru pour le J'rix accorde en 
 I'Annoe 1777 par rAcadeuiie do Cliulons-sur-Marne. 2 parties 
 en 1 vol. 8vo. Chalons-sur-Marne, 1780. Very lare. 
 
 Mezieres : L'Economie, on Kemede an Pauperisme, par M. Me- 
 
 zieres. 2de edition. Post 8vo. Paris, 18.53. 
 
 Monypenny : Remarks on the Poor Laws, and"^ 
 
 on tlie Method of Providing for the Poor | 
 of Scotland, by David Monypenuy, Esq. 
 (previously a J^ord of Session), 1836. \- 
 
 On the Proposed Alteration of the Scottish 
 
 Poor Laws and their Administration, 
 1840. 
 The Pi'inciplo of the English Poor Laws Illustrated and 
 to which are added Observations on the State of the 
 
 vo. 3d edition. 
 
 vol. Svo. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 Page 
 
 Defended, 
 
 Indigent Poor in Ireland, by F. Page, Esq. 
 
 London, 1830. 
 
 Pashley : Pauperism and Poor Laws, by Robert Pashley, Esq., 
 
 Q.C. Svo. London, 1852. 
 
 The volume includes a Tract by Mr. P. on the Poor Removal Bill, 1854. 
 
 Townsend : A Dissertation on the Poor Laws, by the Rev. Joseph 
 
 Townsend. See Townsend. 
 
 Poor, Tracts on, viz. : — • 
 
 1. Remarks on the Laws relating to the Poor. By an M.P. 1751. 
 
 2. Account of the Care taken in most Civilised Nations for the 
 
 Rehef of the Poor, by the Rev. Richard Onely, 1772. 
 
 3. Remarks on the Poor Laws, &c. 1802. 
 
 4. Considerations on the Poor Laws, by John Davidson, M.A. 
 
 1817. ) 8V0. 1 vol. 
 
 5. Remarks on the Report of the Commons Cononuttee on Poor 
 
 Laws, 1818. 
 
 6. The Settlement and Removal of the Poor considered, 1847. 
 
 7. The English Poor Law and Poor Law Commission in 1847. 
 
 1847. 
 
 1 . Con.siderations on several Proposals for the better Maintenance of " 
 
 the Poor, 1751. 
 
 2. Examination of a Pamphlet intitled " Considerations, &c." 1752. 
 
 3. Remarks on the Laws relating to the Poor, 1751. 
 
 4. Some Account of the Slu-ewsburj- House of Industry, by J. Wood. 
 
 3d edition. With Appendix, containing Correspondence with 
 Rev. J. Ilowlett, &c. 1792. 
 
 5. Nature, Extent, and Management of the Poor Rates in Scotland, }» 8vo. 
 
 &c. 1807. 
 C. Instructions for the Establisliment of Savings Banks, 1837. 
 
 7. Instructions for the Establishment of Parochial Societies for 
 
 Granting Govermnent Annuities, 1837. 
 
 8. lastructions for the Establisluuent of a Society for Endowments, 
 
 184.3. 
 
 9. View of the Low Moral and Physical Condition of the Agricul- 
 
 tural Labourers, by the Hon. and Rev. Sydney G. Osborne, 
 1844. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
502 
 
 PooK, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 1. Collection relative to the Systematic Relief of the Poor at diffe- 
 
 rent Periods and in diiferent Countries, 1815. 
 
 2. The Principle of the English Poor Law Illustrated and Defended, 
 
 by F. Page, Esq. 1822. 
 
 3. Nature, Extent, and Effects of Pauperism, by Thomas Walker, 
 
 M.A. 1826. 
 
 4. Letter in reply to Obsen-ations on the Administration of the Poor 
 
 Laws in Agricultural Districts, by W. Copland, 1824. 
 
 1. Observations on tlie Report of Select Committee of Commons on ^ 
 
 the Laws respecting Friendly Societies, by the Rev. J. T. 
 Beecher, M.A. 1826. 
 
 2. Remarks on the Opposition to the Poor Law .i\jnendment Bill, [_ 8vo. 1 VO 
 
 184L 
 
 3. The Poor Laws and their Bearing on Society, by E. G. Geijer, 
 
 1840. 
 
 4. Four Lectures on Poor Laws, by M. Longfield, 1834. J 
 1. A Treatise on the Law of Scotland relative to the Poor, by ^ 
 
 I 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 3. 
 Pope 
 
 Uniform, 
 
 olive- 
 coloured 
 calf. 
 
 Alexander Dunlop, Esq. 2d edition. 1828. 
 Report for the Directors of the Towns Hospital of Glasgow on 
 
 the Management of the Poor of that City, &c., by James 
 
 Ewing, Esq. 1818. 
 An Inquiry into the Poor Laws, by J. E. Bicheno, Esq. 1824. J 
 
 : The Works of Alexander Pope, Esq., with Notes" 
 and Illustrations, by Joseph Warton, D.D., and 
 others. 8vo. 9 vols. 1797. 
 This edition of Pope's "Works has been criticised with much 
 bitterness in the Pursuits of Literature (pp. 386-396, 8th edit.). 
 But though deficient in many respects and justly chargeable with 
 one grave offence, the criticism referred to is probably too severe. 
 Certainly, however, a good edition of this great classic continues 
 to be a desideratum. Perhaps Warburton's is preferable to I 
 those of Warton and Roscoe. We have been long promised f 
 a new life of Pope and a new edition of his works ; and we trust 
 they will be executed so as to give satisfaction to the admirers of 
 the poet and the public. Were I to be called upon to specify which 
 of the books in this Collection has afforded me most grati- 
 fication, I believe I should answer Pope's Works. 
 
 Supplementary Volume to Works. 1807. 
 
 Essay on the Genius and Writings of Pope, by 
 
 Joseph Warton, D.D. 8vo. 2 vols. 1806. J 
 
 Homer, with Notes, by Wakefield. 8vo. 11 vols. 1796. 
 
 Homer, with Warburton's Notes. Svo. 11 vols. London, 1760. 
 
 Blue mor., gilt, fine. 
 
 Mr. Pope received in all above £6,000 for the translation of the Hiad, which, though 
 not more than enough for so noble a work, was more than had been previously 
 received by the author of any English publication. At first he was apprehensive 
 lest the contract should ruin Lintot, the bookseller. But the result was far other- 
 wise, the success of the work being so great as at once to enrich the latter, and to 
 prove a productive property to his family. — (Spence's Anecdotes, p. 295.) 
 
 The Works of. Warburton's edition. 8vo. 9 vols. London, 1770. 
 
 Old calf, gilt. 
 
 " Mr. Pope's Ethical Epistles deserve to be mentioned with signal honour, as a model 
 next to perfect of this kind of poetry (the didactic). Here, perhaps, the strength 
 of his genius appeared. In the more sublime parts of poetry he is not so distin- 
 guished. In the enthusiasm, the fire, the force, and copiousness of poetic genius, 
 Dryden, though a much less correct writer, appears to have been superior to him. 
 
303 
 
 PoPK — cont. 
 
 One can scarce think that he was capable of epic or trajjic poctrj' ; but within a 
 certain limited region he has been outdone by no poet. His translation of tiie Iliad 
 Mill remiiin a lasting monument to his honour, as the most elegant and highly 
 finished translation that, perhaps, ever was given of any poetical work. That he 
 was not incapable of tender poetry, appeai-s fi-om the epi.stle of Kloisa to Abelard, 
 and from tlie verses to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady, which are almo.st his 
 only sentimental productions ; and whicli, indeed, are excellent in tlieir kind. But 
 the qualities for which he is chiefly distinguished are judgment and wit, with a 
 concise and happy expression, and a melodious versification. Few poets ever had 
 more wit, and at tlie same time more judgment to direct the proper employment of 
 that wit This rcndei-s the Kape of the Lock the greatest ma.ster-piece that, per- 
 haps, was ever composed in tlie gay and sprightly style ; and in his serious works, 
 such as his Essay on I\Ian, and his ethic epistles, his wit just discovers itself as 
 much as to give a proper seasoning to grave reflections. His imitations of Horace 
 are so peculiarly happy, that one is at a loss whether mo.st to admire the original 
 or tlie copy ; and they are among the few imitations extant that have all the 
 grace and ea.se of an original. His paintings of characters are natural and lively 
 in a high degree ; and never was any writer so happy in that concise spirited 
 stvle, which gives animation to satires and epistles. We are never so sensible of the 
 good eflfects of rhATue in English verse as in reading these parts of his works. We 
 see it adding to the style and elevation which otherwise it could not have possessed ; 
 Avhile at the same time he manages it so artfully that it never appears in the lea.st to 
 encumber him ; but, on the contrary, ser^-es to increase the liveliness of his manner. 
 He tells us himself, that he could express moral observations more concisely, and, 
 therefore, more forcibly, in rhjTiie than he could do it in prose." — (Blair's Lectures, 
 iii. 146.) 
 
 The Merchant, Ship-owner, and Ship-master's Import and Ex- 
 
 port Guide, by Charles Pope. 8vo. London, 1831. 
 
 Population, Works on, viz. — , 
 
 Botero : The Cause of the Greatnesse of Cities, from the Italian 
 
 of Botero, by Robert Peterson. 4to. London, 1606. 
 
 Bruckner : Theorie du Systeme Animal, par M. Bruckner. 12mo. 
 
 Leide, 1767. 
 
 The same Work in English, under the Title of " A Philosophical 
 
 Survey of the Animal Creation, an Es.say wherein," &c. 
 12mo. London, 1768. Reprinted in 8vo., 1860. 
 
 The former edition of this Tract is very scarce, and, how contradictory soever it 
 may seem, the reprint is still scarcer. We have prefixed to the latter the following 
 notice of the Author and the Tract : — 
 
 " ' The Kev. John Bruckner, born in the island of Cadsand, 1720, educated at Franeker 
 and_ Leyden, where he obtained a pastorship, and profited by the society of 
 Ilemsterhuis, Valckenaer, and the elder Schultens. In 17.53 he became minister 
 of the Walloon church at Norwich, and afterwards of the Dutch, till his death. 
 May 1 2, 1 804. In 1 7 G7, was printed at Leyden. his T/u'oric du Systeme Animal, in the 
 7th and 10th chapters of the second part of which there is much anticipation of the 
 sentiments lately evolved and corroborated in the writings of Mr. Malthus.' "—(Pre- 
 face by Mr. Richard Taylor to his edition of the Diversions of Purley.) 
 
 " A translation of the Theorie Animal was published in 1 2mo, in London, in 1768. It 
 is very badly executed ; and if, as is most probable, it is the work of the author, it 
 shows that he was then but little acquainted with English. We have subjected it 
 to a severe revision. It redounds but little to the discredit of Bruckner that, 
 like so many others, he has completely failed to account for the origin of 
 evil. 15ut it is not so easy to apologize for the dogmatical and familiar way in 
 which he treats the most sacred and diflicult subjects. We have endeavoured 
 to soften these peculiarities as much as possible in the translation, but they are still 
 far too evident. The work, however, contains various just as well as striking 
 obser\ations, and is, on the whole, well worth looking into." 
 
304 
 
 Population, Works on — cont. 
 
 Dr. Parr said, in a note on a copy of the Theorie Animal, in his library, that 
 
 Bruckner told him he was its author, and that for " prudential reasons," he told 
 
 the secret to few. 
 This Tract was originally intended to be included in the volume of Miscellaneous 
 
 Economical Tracts reprinted by Lord Overstone. But, on further consideration 
 
 it was deemed, for reasons that will readily occur to the reader, unadvisableto give 
 
 it a place in that collection. Only ten copies were struck off, of which this is one. 
 Bruckner also wrote a Treatise entitled " Cassander," being criticisms on Tooke's 
 
 ]3iversions of Purley. They are said by J)r. Parr (Cat, p. 700), to be " acute and 
 
 temperate." 
 
 Cumberland : Origines Gentium AntiquissimcE, or Attempts for 
 
 Discovering the Times of the First Planting of Nations, by 
 Dr. Cumberland, Bishop of Peterborough. 8vo. London, 1724. 
 
 Hale : The Primitive Origination of Mankind Considered and 
 
 Explained, by Sir Matthew Hale. Folio. London, 1677. 
 
 Malthus : An Essay on the Principle of Population as it Affects 
 
 the Future Improvement of Society, by the Rev. T. R. 
 Malthus. 5th edition. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1817. 
 Same Work. 1st edition. 8vo. London, 1798. 
 
 This work made, when published, a powerful impression, and was supposed, for 
 awhile, to have exhausted the important subject of which it treats. It had, how- 
 ever, but few claims to attention on the score of originality, the fundamental prin- 
 ciple maintained by Malthus, that population never fails, without any artificial 
 stimulus, to rise to the level of subsistence, having been already set in the clearest 
 point of view by a great number of eminent writers. But Malthus did not stop 
 at this point. He contended, with Mr. Townsend {see post), that population 
 necessarily tends to outrun the means of subsistence, and that, unless this ten- 
 dency be effectually countervailed by the prudence and forethought of the mass of 
 the people, of which there has not hitherto been any example, it must necessarily 
 keep the lower classes in a state of want and destitution. ^lalthus drew this con- 
 clusion from observing that population, deducting immigrants, has gone on 
 doubling itself in newly settled colonies and other favourable situations for a 
 lengthened period once every 25 or 30 years ; and as the principle of increase is 
 everj-where the same, he concluded that were food and other necessaiy accommo- 
 dations as easily procured in England, France, Holland, and other densely peopled 
 countries, the population would increase with equal rapidity. But every one 
 knows that the means of supporting population cannot be so easily increased in 
 the last-mentioned countries. Malthus, indeed, lays it down as a general principle, 
 that while food and other accommodations increase in old settled countries in an 
 arithmetical progression only, the inhabitants have an uniform tendency to increase 
 in a geometrical progression, so that their numbers are constantly getting beyond 
 the means of subsistence, and the land is overspread with poverty and misery. 
 And he endeavours to support this theory by an examination of the state of popu- 
 lation and subsistence in different countries. 
 
 Such, in a few words, is the theory of Malthus ; and no one can deny that it em- 
 bodies a large admixture of truth. It is true that population has, under favourable 
 circiunstances, been doubled in 25 or 30 years ; and it is equally true that the 
 same power which has effected this doubling of the population in Kentucky and 
 Illinois exists in England, Holland, France, &c. But it is, at the same time, to be 
 borne in mind that man is not the mere slave of appetite or instinct, and it is 
 everj'where found that the principle of increase adjusts itself to the means of sup- 
 porting additional nimibers. Despite all that has been alleged by Malthus and 
 others to the contrary, population, unless it has been excited by artificial means, 
 is not, as compared with the means of subsistence, more dense in old settled than 
 in new countries. Indeed, every one who has any acquaintance, however slight, 
 with the history and condition of the people of this or any other European country, 
 a thousand, five hundred, or a hundred years ago, knows that it has been vastly 
 improved in the interval ; that instead of population outrunning subsistence^ the 
 
305 
 
 PoruLVTiox, Works on — co)it. 
 
 latter has outrun population, and that the mass of the people have been gradually 
 aequiring an increased command over necessaries and conveniences. And where 
 are the grounds for supposing that it should be otherwise in time to come ? 
 In his anxiety to establish his theory, JIalthus overlooked and undervalued 
 the influence of the principles which countervail the tendency to increase, and 
 Avhich uniformly keep it within due bounds, lie has stated a part of the truth, 
 but he has not stated the whole truth : — " Eschtve d'une idee dominante, Vauteur de 
 rm.isai stir la Population s\i/ abnudoiinc satis reserve ; en comhattant dcs CTUcjira- 
 tions, il se Hire a dis exaf/i'mlions contraires; a des v6riti!s utiles sc mclcnt dcs 
 apergus qui ne sont que sp6cieu.v ; ct pour vouhiir en tirer dcs applications absolucs 
 il en/aussc les cmiscqucnces." — (Degerando, IJienfaisance Publique, i. Introd. p. 23.) 
 Food is indispensable to existence ; and it might be correctly laid down as a 
 general principle that the necessity of a sujiply of food on the one hand, and the 
 difficulty of getting it on the other, tend to make every man die of hunger. Hap- 
 pily, however, the countervailing influences are so very powerful, that, though 
 many die of repletion, not one individual in ten thousand dies of want ; and such 
 being the case, a theory, or a work on the subject, which shoidd in great measure 
 overlook these influences, would not, we imagine, be considered good for much. 
 And this, we apprehend, is the case with the " Essay on the Principle of Popula- 
 tion." 
 
 JIalthus's work was valuable for the attention which it drew to the subject of popu- 
 lation, and for its showing that the principle of increase is sufficiently powerful 
 without any artificial stimulus to keep population on a level with the supply of 
 food and other accommodations. In other respects it leads to false conclusions. 
 The principle of increase is not the bugbear, the invincible obstacle to all improve- 
 ment, it appeared to be as described by him, and still more by Dr. Chalmers and 
 others of his school. A vast improvement has everywhere taken place. And it 
 is easy to see that the principle of increase, instead of being adverse to, has really 
 occasioned this progress. 
 
 Had this principle not existed, or been comparatively feeble, activity would have been 
 superseded by indolence, and men, frorti being entei-prising and ambitious, would 
 have gradually sunk into a state of torpor; for in such case every additional acqui- 
 sition, whether of skill or wealth, by lessening the necessity for, or the motive 
 to make, fresh acquisitions, would have occasioned a decline in the spirit of im- 
 provement; so that, instead of proceeding, as it became older, with accelerated 
 steps in the career of discovery, the fair inference is, that society would either 
 have been entirely arrested in its progress, or its advance rendered proportio ally 
 slow. But it is so ordered that, whatever may at any time occasion a decline < f 
 the inventive powers, must be of an ephemeral character, and cannot originate in 
 a diminution of the advantages resulting from their exercise. Even in the most 
 improved and richest societies, the principle of increase inspires by far the largest 
 class — tho.se who depend on their labour for the means of support — with all those 
 powerftil motives to contrive, produce, and accumulate, that actuated the whole 
 community in more early ages. No people can rest satisfied with acquisitions 
 already made. The increase of population is always sufllieiently powerful to keep 
 invention on the stretch, rendering the demand for fresh inventions and discoveries 
 as great at one time as at another, and securing the forward progress of the species. 
 A deficiency of subsistence at home leads to migrations to distant countries ; and 
 thus, not only provides for the gradual occupation of the earth, but carries the 
 languages, arts, and sciences of those who have made the farthest advances in 
 civilisation to those who may be only emerging from barbarism. It may, no doubt, 
 happen, owing to accidental and temporary circumstances, that population may, 
 for awhile, so far outrun production that the condition of society should be 
 changed for the worse. Hut such contingencies are of rare occurrence ; and Mhen 
 they do occur, the evils thence arising bring with them a provision for their cure ; 
 for they make all cla.sses better acquainted with the circumstances which determine 
 their situation; and while they call forth fresh displays of invention and economy, 
 they, at the same time, dignify and exalt the character, by teaching us to exercise 
 the prudential virtues, and to subject the passions to the control of reason. 
 
 To suppose, as some have done, that the astonishing improvements in the arts, and 
 the all but immeasurable additions that have in consequence been made to the 
 
 U 
 
30G 
 
 PoPULATiox, Works on — coiit. 
 
 comforts and enjojments of man, •would have been equal or greater, had the prin- 
 ciple of increase been less powerful, is at once contradictory and absurd; for it is 
 equivalent to supposing that industry and invention would not be affected by 
 weakening the motives to their exercise, and lessening the advantages of which 
 they are productive ! There might, perhaps, though that be very doubtful, have 
 been less squalid poverty amongst the dregs of the population had there been no 
 principle of increase ; but it is idle to pretend, had such been the case, that the 
 powers and resources of industiy would have been so astonishingly developed, 
 that scientific investigati(ras would have been prosecuted with equal perseverance 
 and zeal, that so much wealth would have been accumulated, or that the same 
 circumstances which impelled society forward in its infancy, should have con- 
 tinued, in every subsequent age, to preserve their energy unimpaired. And it may 
 well be doubted whether an exemption from the evils incident to poverty would 
 not be dearly purchased, even by the lowest classes, by the sacrifice of the hopes 
 and fears attached to their present condition, and the gratification they now reap 
 from successful industry, economy, and forbearance. 
 
 Messance : Recherclies sur la Population des Generalites d'Au- 
 
 vercne, &c., avec des Reflexions sur la Valeur du Bled depuis 
 1674 jusq'au 1764, par M. Messance. 4to. Paris, 1766. 
 
 Mirabeau : L'Ami des Homines, ou Traite de la Population, par 
 
 M. le Marquis de Mirabeau. 4to. 3 vols. Avignon, 1756. 
 Orange mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 Molieau : Recbercbes et Considerations sur la Population de la 
 
 France. 8vo. Paris, 1778. 
 Newenbam's Inquiry into tbe Population of Ireland. /See Ireland, 
 
 Works on. 
 ' Sbort : A Comparative History of tbe Increase and Decrease of 
 
 Mankind in England and Several Countries abroad, &c., by 
 
 Tbomas Sbort, M.D. 4to. London, 1767. 
 Wallace on tbe Numbers of Mankind. See Wallace. 
 
 Population of England and Wales, Tracts on^ viz. : — 
 
 1. Proposals for Numbering the People, by Arthur Young, 1771. 
 
 2. An Essay on the Population of England, from the Revolution to 
 
 the Present Time, by Richard Price, D.D. 1780. 
 
 3. An Examination of the above Essay of Dr. Price, by the Rev. 
 
 John Howlett, A.B. 1781. )■ Svo. 1 vol. 
 
 4. An Inquiry into the Present State of Population in England and 
 
 Wales, by William Wales, F.R.S. 1781. 
 
 5. An Estimate of the Number of Inhabitants in Great Britain and 
 
 Ireland, by Sir F. M. Eden, Bart. 1800. 
 
 Porter, Sir James : Observations on tbe Religion, Law, &c. of the Turks, 
 (by Sir J. Porter, Bart.) 2d edition, enlarged, to wbich is 
 added the State of tbe Turkey Trade. Svo. London, 1771. 
 
 • The Progress of the Nation, in its Various Social and Economical 
 
 Relations, from the Beginning of tbe Present Century, by 
 G. R. Porter, Esq., F.R.S. New edition. Svo. London, 1S51. 
 
 PosTE degli Antichi, Dissertazione Recitata nell' Academia degli Apatisti. 
 4to. Firenze, 1746. Old red mor., ex. 
 
 Postlethwayt's Dictionary of Trade and Commerce. See Commerce. 
 
 POTTiNGER : Travels in Beloocbistan and Scinde, with a Geographical 
 and Historical Account of those Countries, and a Map, by Lieutenant 
 Hem'y Pottinger. 4to. London, 1816. 
 
;>()7 
 
 PoucHET : De la Pluralite dos Races IIuinaincH, par Georges Pouchct. 
 8vo. Paris, I808. 
 
 PiJESCOTT : History of the Reip;n of Ferdinand and Tsaholla"^ 
 the Catholic of Spain, by William II. Prescott, 
 Esq, A new edition. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 
 1839. 
 
 History of the Conquest of ^Mexico, with a Pre- 
 
 liminary View of the Ancient Mexican Civiliza- Uniform, 
 
 tion, and a Life of the Conqueror Hernando 1 uncut, 
 
 Cortes. 4th edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, | half Spanish 
 
 1849. morocco. 
 
 History of the Conquest of Peru, wilha Prelimi- 
 
 nary View of the Civilization of the Incas. 
 3d edition. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1848. 
 
 History of the Reign of Philip II., King of Spain. 
 
 Svo, 3 vols. London, 1855, &c. 
 
 These seem to he, on the whole, the most valuable works with -which the genius of 
 American writers has enriched modern literature. They relate to subjects of 
 paramount importance, for they embrace the rise, consolidation, and progress of 
 the Spanish power ; the discovery and conquest of America, with the establish- 
 ment of the inquisition, and of that arbitrary system of government in the 
 peninsula Mhich has proved so destructive of its power and well-being. Owing 
 to the decease of the author before his account of the reign of Philip II. was 
 completed, the full extent of the fatal influence of the intolerance and despotism 
 which he did so much to strengthen, is not so evident as it became towards the 
 close of his reign. But the gloom which had been gradually deepening over 
 Spain ever since the a;ra, in many respects glorious, of Ferdinand and Isabella, 
 attained to a maximum in the latter days of I'hilip and under his successors of 
 the Austrian line. And though it was somewhat abated under the Bourbon 
 princes, it is only very recently that Spain seems to have revived from her long 
 trance, and has regained some portion of her former influence, and entered on a 
 new career of improvement. 
 
 llr. Prescott's works are worthy of their subjects. He has spared neither labour 
 nor expense to obtain the most accurate information in regard to the various 
 matters he has had to discuss, and in this he has succeeded to an extent that 
 could not have been previously anticipated. And hence the originality and 
 peculiar value of his works. 
 
 The principal fault of Mr. Prescott consists in his either glossing over or extenuating 
 the mischievous influence of despotic and intolerant institutions. He is well 
 aware that they are pernicious, but he endeavours to show that their introduction 
 w,as, if not necessary, a natural or not very objectionable proceeding. And out of 
 regard for the prejudices or weakness of a sovereign (such as Isabella), he 
 palliates the establishment of a principle that may far more than nullify all the 
 good which may have been effected in an otherwise prosperous reign. But 
 despite this serious drawback, Prescott's works are entitled to rank in the first 
 class of historical publications, and are at once interesting and instructive. 
 
 Prkvost : Histoire Generale des Voyages, par M. I'Abbe Provost. 4to. 
 20 vols. Paris, 1746, &c. Large paper. French calf, ex. 
 
 Price (Dr. Richard) : The following Works of, viz. : — 
 
 Observations on Reversionary Payments, Annuities, &c., 7th edi- 
 
 tion, by Morgan. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1812. 
 
 Review of the Principal Questions in Morals. 3d edition, 8vo. 
 
 1787. 
 
 Four Dissertations on Providence, &c, 4th edition. Svo. 
 
 Sermons, with Appendix, by Priestley. 2d edition. Svo. 1787. 
 
 u 2 
 
308 
 
 Pkice (Dr. Richard) : Financial and Political Tracts by, viz. : — 
 
 1. Two Tracts on Civil Liberty, the War with America, &c., by 
 
 Eichard Price, D.D. 1778. 
 
 2. Additional Observations on ditto, by ditto. 3d edition. 1777. 
 
 3. An Essay on Population, by ditto, 1780. 
 
 4. Appeal to the Public on the Subject of the National Debt, by )■ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 ditto, 1774. 
 
 5. The State of the Public Debt and Finances, January 1783, by 
 
 the same, 1783. 
 
 6. Postscript to ditto, by ditto, 1784. 
 Essays on the Picturesque as Compared with the Sublime and 
 
 Beautiful, and on the Use of Studying Pictures, &c., by Uvedale 
 Price, Esq. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1810. Calf, ex. 
 Prices, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 An Inquiry into the Prices of AVheat, Malt, and occasionally of other Pro^^sions, &c., 
 from the Year 1000 to 1765, by Michael Combrune, Esq., with a Variety of Par- 
 
 Folio. 
 
 1 vol. London, V.Y. 
 
 8vo. I vol. 
 HalfRussia. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 liamentary and other interesting Docimients. 
 Half calf 
 
 1. Arthur Young on the Pise of Prices in Europe during the last 
 
 25 Years, 1815. 
 
 2. Edict of Diocletian, fixing a INIaximum of Prices in the Eoman 
 
 Empire, by Colonel Leake, 1826. 
 
 3. Kemarks on Fiar Prices and Produce Eents, by J. H. Maclean, 
 
 Esq. 1825. 
 
 4. Detei-mination of the Average Depression of the Price of Wheat 
 
 in War, by J. Brand, M.A. 1800. 
 
 1. Inquiiy into the Causes of the High Price of Provisions, by Na- ~ 
 
 thaniel Forster, A.M. 1767. 
 
 2. Thoughts on the Causes and Consequences of the High Price of 
 
 Provisions, by Soame Jenyns, Esq. 1767. 
 
 3. Causes of the Dearaess of Provisions Assigned, &c. Ascribed to 
 
 Dean Tucker. 1766. 
 
 4. Considerations on the Exorbitant Prices of Provisions, by Francis 
 
 Moore, 1773. 
 
 5. Proposals Offered to the Publick for an Association against 
 
 Engrossers, Forestallers, Jobbers, &c., by James Burgh, 1766. 
 
 6. Eeflections on the High Price of Provisions, 1766. 
 
 7. Serious Eeflections on the High Price of Provisions, 1768. 
 
 8. Popular Considerations on the Dearness of Provisions, 1768. 
 
 1. Lloyd's Accoimt of the Prices of Corn in Oxford in the 14th" 
 
 Century and from 1558 to 1830. 
 
 2. Account of the Prices of various Articles in the Peculiar of 
 
 Snaith in the W. K. of Yorkshire in the 16th, 17th, and 18th 
 Centuries, 1858. 
 
 3. Extracts from Tooke and Newmarch's Work on Prices. 
 
 4. Arthur Young's Inquiiy into the Else of Prices in Europe, 
 
 during the last 25 years, 1815. J 
 
 Pkichard : Researches into the Physical History of Mankind, by J. C. 
 
 Prichard, M.D. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1826. Calf, ex. 
 
 — The same Work, in a greatly Improved State, with a Life of 
 
 Dr. Prichard inserted. 4th edition. 8vo. 5 vols. London, 1841, 
 &c. Blue mor., ex. 
 A work which displays great learning and very extensive and laborious research. 
 It would hardly be more improper to introduce the religious element into 
 geological, or astronomical, or chemical investigations, than it would be to intro- 
 duce it into an anthropological question of this sort. And laying it aside, and 
 considering the subject merely in a philosophical and ethnological point of view, we 
 incline to think that the principle which pervades Prichard's work, or the monogenist 
 origin of the different varieties of the human race, has no real foundation. The 
 Whites are, most probably, descended from a single pair. But that they and the 
 
 
 8vo. 1 vo 
 
809 
 
 PltlCIIARD — CO)lt. 
 
 Negroes, copper-coloured Indians, Australians, &c., differing as they do, in many 
 respects, radically from c;)eh other, should all he descended from the same pair is 
 a supposition which appears to he opposed alike to common sense and scientific 
 considerations. Svc, on this suhject, the very clever work of roiichet, Dc la 
 Pliiraltli' dt.i liaces Hiimaines, and the authorities therein referred to ; Lawrence's 
 Lectures, &c. 
 
 Prtdealx : The Old and New Testament Connected in the History of the 
 Jews and Neighbourinjj; Nations, by Iluniphfey Prideaux, D.D. 3d 
 edition. Folio. 2 vols. London, 1717. 
 This has been an extremely popular book. " It contains," says Mr. Orme, " a large 
 mass of erudition and accurate information on every topic of .Jewish history and 
 antiquities, and in all the links which connected that i)eculiar people with the 
 surrounding nations. It is indispensable to the biblical, and interesting to the 
 general reader." — (Bibliotheca Biblica.) 
 PuiESTLEV : Lectures on History and General Policy, to wliich is pro- 
 fixed an Essay on a Cour.^^e of Liberal Education for Civil an<l 
 Active Life, by Joseph Priestley, LL.D., F.ll.S. 4to. l)ir- 
 niinghani, 1788. Eussia. 
 
 A Comparison of the Institutions of Moses with those of the 
 
 Hindoos and other Ancient Nations, &c. 8vo. Northumberland, 
 1799. Calf, ex. 
 
 An Essay on the First Principles of Government, and the Nature 
 
 of Political, Civil, and Religious Liberty, by Joseph Priestley, 
 LL.D. 2d edition. 8vo. Loudon, 1771. 
 Primogeniture : 
 
 1. Du Droit d'Ainesse, par M. Dupin, Avocat. 2de edition. 1826. 
 
 2. Observations sur le Principe du Droit cl'Ainesse, et sur son Appli- 
 
 cation aux Eaniilles Electorales, par M. Cottu, 1826. 
 
 3. De la Famille Agricole, de la Faniille Industrielle, et du Droit [ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 d'Ainesse, par M. le Vieomte de Bonald, 1826. 
 
 4. Matt'riaux pour Aider a la Uecherches des Effets Pa.sses, Pn'sens, 
 
 et Futurs du Slorcelleinent de la Propricte Fonciere en France, 
 par Sir Francis d'lvemois, 1826. 
 
 Prior : Poems on Several Occasions, by Matthew Prior, Esq. 12mo. 
 2 vols. London, 1754. 
 
 Memoir of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, by James Prior, Esq. 
 
 3d edition. 8vo. London, 1839. 
 
 Life of Goldsmith, by the same. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1837. 
 
 PROGitESSiox, The Theory of Human. 8vo. London, 1850. 
 Propertius : That Book of the Elegies of Propertius entitled Cynthia, 
 
 translated into English V^erse, with Notes. 8vo. London, 1783. Calf, 
 
 gilt. 
 
 Provand : The Franciscan Friar, a Satire, and the Ode on the Marriage 
 
 of Francis of Valois and Mary, Queen of Scotland, translated fium tlio 
 
 Latin of Buchanan into English Verse, by George Provand. 8vo. 
 
 Glasgow, 1809. Calf, ex., uncut. 
 
 Prussia : Essai sur I'Organisation Militaire de la Prusse, "< 
 
 par le General De Caraman. 1831. 
 
 • Notes et Reflexions sur la Prusse eu 1833, par 
 
 M. de Chaml)ray. ^ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 • Rapport sur I'Etatdc ITnstruction Publique dans 
 
 quelques Pays de rAllemngne, et particuliere- 
 ment en Prusse, par M. V. Cou.sin. 1833. 
 
310 
 
 Prtme : An Introductory I,ecture to a Course of Political Economy, by 
 
 George Pryme, Esq., M. A. 8vo. Cambridge, 1823. 
 Public Credit, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. An Essay on the Nature and Principles of Public Credit, 1784. 
 
 2. A Second Essay on the Nature and Principles of Public Credit, 
 
 1784. 
 S. Letters on Credit, with an Account of the Bank of Amsterdam, 
 by John Hope, Esq. 1784. 
 
 4. Considerations on the National Debt, and Nett Produce of the [» 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Eevenue, 1784. 
 
 5. Comparative State of the Public Revenues for the Years ending 
 
 10th October 1783 and 10th October 1784, by the Earl of 
 Stair, 1785. 
 
 6. Manufactures Improper Subjects of Taxation, 1785. J 
 PuFFENDORF — Barbeyrac : Le Droit de la Nature et des Gens, par le 
 
 Baron de Puifendorff, traduit du Latin, avec des Notes, par 
 M. Jean Barbeyrac. 5me edition. 4to. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 
 1734. 
 Puffendorff (bom 1632, died 1694,) is a more systematic writer than Grotius. He 
 attempts, after the method ofHobbes, to deduce the rules and conclusions of 
 public law from what is called natural law ; that is, from certain fixed and con- 
 stantly acting moral and political principles (in regard to some of which there is, 
 however, much difference of opinion), neglecting, or laying comparatively little 
 stress on historical facts and the treaties or conventional agreements between 
 nations. It is easy, however, to see that all really useful systems must be con- 
 structed partly on the former of these foundations, and partly on the latter. But 
 despite the narrowness of his plan, and the many discussions in which he engages 
 in regard to subjects that have little or no connexion with the law of nations, 
 there is a good deal that is valuable in his work. The censure of Leibnitz, who 
 pronounces Puffendorff to be vir parum jurisconsultiis, et minime philosophus, is 
 much too severe. His great fault is his want of vigour and prolixity. His work 
 has, in truth, no attractions of any kind, other than the information it communi- 
 cates ; and as this may be acquired much more conveniently than by digging 
 in its immense tomes, it is now but little read or referred to. 
 The preface, contributed by Barbeyrac to his translation, is by far the most inter- 
 esting portion of the work. It gives a history of moral science, and notices of the 
 peculiar doctrines of some of the principal writers by whom it has been illustrated 
 from the remotest antiquity downwards. In this sketch the Fathers of the Church 
 make, speaking generally, a miserable appearance. The notes of Barbeyrac are, 
 also, very valuable. 
 
 Les Devoirs de I'Homme et du Citoyen, traduits du Latin de, etc., 
 
 par M. Barbeyrac. 12mo. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1723. 
 
 PuLTENEY : Historical and Biographical Sketches of the Progress of 
 Botany in England, to the Introduction of the Linntean System, by 
 R. Pulteney, M.D., F.R.S. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1790. 
 
 PuLTENEY AND Walpole, Tracts relating to, viz. : — 
 
 1. The Politicks on Both Sides with regard to Foreign Affairs, with~ 
 
 some Observations on the Present State of Affairs in Great 
 Britain. 2d edition. 1734. 
 
 2. An Inquiry into the Conduct of our Domestick Affairs, from the 
 
 Year 1721 to Christmas, 1733, being a Sequel to Politicks on 
 Both Sides. 3d edition. 1734. 
 
 3. Some Considerations concerning the Public Funds, the Public )■ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Revenues, and the Annual Supplies granted by Parliament. 2d 
 edition. 1735. 
 
 4. Remarks upon a Pamphlet intituled " Some Considerations con- 
 
 cerning the Publick Funds." 1735. 
 
 5. The Case of the Sinking Fund, being a Defence of an Inquiry 
 
 into the Conduct of our Domestick Affairs, 1735. 
 
Nil 
 
 PrRsi;iT:5 ol' Litcraliirc. Set M:ii]ii;i 
 rYKKHU.s Ilistoiro do. -SVe JourdiUi 
 
 QuATLE : General View of the Ajrrieultnre of the Ish' of Man, &c., by 
 
 Thomas Qunyle, Esq. 8vo. London, 1812. 
 Ql'ETELET : Sur rilomme, et h^ Developpcmcnt do ses Facultes, par A. 
 
 Qiietelet. 8vo. 2 vols. Taris, 183.5. 
 QriLLETi Callipa?dia, sen dc Pulchr;e Prolis hahenda) Ratione, Poeraa 
 
 Didaeticon ; aeeedit S. Sanimarthani Pa;dotrophia, sive de Pueroruni 
 
 Kdueatione. Post 8vo. Londini, 170S. Red nior. 
 
 R. 
 
 Rabelais : CEuvres de Maitre F. Rabelais. Nouvelle edition, avec les 
 Remarques de Duchat et autres. Svo. 6 vols. Paris, 1732. Large 
 paper. Olive nior. 
 Rabelais— OzELL : The Works of Francis Rabelais, M.D., by Mr. Ozell 
 and others. 12mo. 5 vols. London, 1737. Old calf, gilt. 
 Mr. Tytlcr refers to this translation as follows, viz. : — " The history of the Engli.sh 
 translation of this work is in itself a proof of its very hijjh merit. The three 
 first books were translated by iSir 'Jhomas Urquhait, but only two of them were 
 published in his lifetime. Mr. !Motteux, a Frenchman by birth, but whose long 
 residence in England had given him an equal connuand of both languages, re- 
 published the work of Urquhart, and added the remaining three books translated 
 by himself, with a variety of curious notes. In this publication he allows the 
 excellence of the work of his predecessor, whom he declares to have been a 
 complete master of the French language, and to have posse.ssed both learning and 
 fancy equal to the ta.sk he undertook. He adds, that he has preserved in his trans- 
 lation ' the very stjle and air of his original ;' and, finally, ' that the English 
 readers may now understand that author better in their own tongue than many of 
 the French can do in theirs.' The work thus completed in Engli.sh was taken up by 
 Mr. Ozell, a person of considerable literary abilities, and who possessed an uncom- 
 mon knowledge both of the ancient and modern languages. Of the merits of the 
 translation none could be a better judge, and to these he ha.s given the strongest 
 testimony by adopting it entirely in his new edition, and limiting his own under- 
 taking solely to the correction of the text of Urquhart and Motleux, with additional 
 notes of his own ; to which he has added a translation of the notes of INI. Du Chut, 
 who spent, as Mr. ( )zell inlbnns us, 40 years in composing annotations on the 
 original work. The English version of Rabelais thus improved may be consic ered, 
 in its present form, as one of the most perlect specimens of the art of ti-anslation. 
 The best critics in both languages have borae testimony to its faithful transtiision of 
 the sense and happy imitation of the style of the original ; and even- English reader 
 will acknowledge that it possesses all the ease of original composition." — (Tytler 
 on Translation, p. 398, ed. 1813.) 
 
 Racine : CEuvres dc Jean Racine, avec des Conimentaires, par M. Lnnenu 
 
 des Boisjerniain. 8vo. 7 vols. Paris, 1768. Thick paper ; nior. 
 
 Bozerian, exceedingly line. 
 
 " Comeille s'etait fonnc tout seul ; mais Louis XIV., Colbert, Sophocle, et Euripide 
 
 contribuerent tons a fomier Kacine. Une ode qn'il composa a I'lige de dix-huit 
 
 ans, pour le manage du roi. lui attira nn pn'sent (lu'ii n"attendait jias, et le deter- 
 
31i 
 
 RaCIXE —COfit. 
 
 mina a la poesie. Sa reputation s'est accrue de jour en jour, et celle des ou^Tages 
 de Comeille a un peu dimiuue. La raison en est que Racine, dans tous ses 
 ouvi-ages, depuis son ' Alexandi-e,' est toujoiu-s elegant, toujours correct, toujours 
 vrai, qu'il parle an cceur, et que I'autre manque trop souvent a tous ces devoirs. 
 Racine passa de bien loin et les Grecs et Comeille dans I'intelligence des passions, 
 et porta la douce harmonic de la poesie, ainsi que les graces de la parole, au plus 
 haut point ou elles puissent parvenir. Ces hommes enseignerent a la nation a 
 penser, a sentir, et a s'exprimer. Leurs auditeurs, instiiiits par eux seuls, devinrent 
 enfin des juges severes pour ceux memes qui les avaient eclaires. 
 " II y avait trcs peu de personnes en France, du temps du Cardinal de Richelieu, 
 capables de discemer les defauts du ' Cid ' ; et en 1702, quand ' Athalie,' le chef- 
 d'oeu\Te de la scene, fut representee chez madame la Duchesse de Eourgogne, les 
 courtisans se crurent assez habiles pour la condamner. Le temps a venge I'auteur ; 
 mais ce grand homme est mort sans jouir du succes de son plus admirable ouvrage. 
 Un nombreux parti se piqua toujours de ne pas rendre justice a Racine. Madame 
 de Sevigne, la premiere personne de son siecle pour le style epistolaire, et surtout 
 pour conter des bagatelles avec grace, croit toujours que Racine n'ira pas loin. 
 Elle en jugeait comme ducafe, dont elle dit qu'on se desabusera bien tot. II faut 
 du temps pour que les reputations murissent." — (Voltaire, biecle de Louis XIV., 
 ii. 236.) 
 
 Rae : History of the Rebellion against His Majesty Geoi-ge I., by the 
 Rev. Peter Rae. 2d edition. 8vo, with Appendix. London, 1746. 
 Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Raffles : The History of Java, by the late Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, 
 F.R.S. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1830. 
 
 1- 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Railways, &c., Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Railroads. — Speech of James Morrison, Esq., M.P., in the House ' 
 
 of Commons, 17th May 1836. 1836. 
 
 2. Defects of the English 8ystem of Railway Legislation, &c., by 
 
 the same, 1846. 
 
 3. Railways in England and France, by David Salomons, Esq. 
 
 1847. 
 
 4. A Review of Railways and Railway Legislation at Home and 
 
 Abroad, by Samuel Straen, jun. 1847. 
 
 5. Government Railways, by William Entwistle, Esq., ]M. P. 1847. 
 
 6. Railways. — The Gauge Question, by Wj-ndham Harding, 1847. | 
 
 7. The Broad Gauge the best adapted to the Commercial Wants of the 
 
 Nation, 1846. 
 
 8. The Broad Gauge the Bane of the Great Western Railway Com- 
 
 pany. 4th edition. 1846. 
 
 9. Narrow Gauge Railways Speedier than Broad Gauge, as well as 
 
 Cheaper, by II. J. Melville, Esq. 3d edition. 1846. 
 
 1. Letter on the Proposed Railway between Liverpool and Man 1 
 
 Chester, by Joseph Sanders. 3d edition. 1824. 
 
 2. Claim of the Subscribers to the Birmingham and Liverpool Rail- 
 
 road to an Act of Parliament, by Joseph Parkes. 2d edition, 
 1825. \. 
 
 3. Beware the Bubbles ! ! ! Remarks on Proposed Railways. 2d 
 
 edition. 1831. 
 
 4. Historical and Practical Treatise on Elemental Locomotion, by 
 
 Alexander Gordon, Civil Engineer, 1832. 
 
 Raleigh : The History of the World, in Five Books, by Sir Walter 
 Raleigh, Kt., wherennto is added the Life and Trial of the Author. 
 Folio. London, 1687. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
Kaleigii : The Works oi' Sir Wiiltcr Kalciirli. Kt., tt» which is profixeJ a 
 New Account of his Life, by Thomas Birch. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 1751. Calf, ex. 
 Hume says that " If tlie reader of Raleigh's Historj- can have the patience to wade 
 through the Jewish and IJabbinicallearning which compose the half of the vohime. 
 he will find, when he conies to the Greek and Konian story, that his pains are 
 not unrewarded." — (History of England Appen., James I.) But the portion 
 alluded to by Hume is so largely alloyed with the most unprofitable and indeed 
 ludicrous discussions and inquiries, that the reader had better pass it over 
 entirely, and enter at once on what is more worthy of the author. We subjoin 
 his character of Epaniinondas : — " So died Epaniinondas, the worthiest man that 
 ever was bred in that nation of Greece, and hardly to be matched in any age or 
 country ; for he equalled all others in the several virtues which in each of them 
 ■were singular. His justice and sincerity, his temperance, wisdom, and high 
 magnanimity, were no way inferior to his military virtues, in every part whereof 
 he so excelled, that he could not but properly be called a warj-, a valiant, a politic, 
 a bountiful, and a provident captain. Neither was his private conversation 
 unanswerable to those high parts which gave him praise abroad ; for he was 
 grave, and yet very affable and courteous; resolute in public business, but in his 
 own, particuhir, easy, and of much mildness ; a lover of his people, — bearing with 
 men's infirmities ; witty and pleasant in speech, — far from insolence; master of 
 his own affections, and furnished with all qualities that might win and keep love. 
 To tiiese graces were added great ability of body, and much eloquence, and very 
 deep knowledge in all parts of philosophy and learning ; wherewith his mind 
 being enlightened, rested not in the sweetness of contemplation, but broke forth 
 into such effects as gave unto Thebes, which had ever been an underling, a dreadful 
 reputation among all people adjoining, and the highest command in Greece." 
 The best account of Kaleigh that has hitherto appeared will be found in the work of 
 Napier (Macvey), Escj.. previously referred to. Gibbon had once some idea, 
 which, however, he speedily abandoned, of writing a life of Haleigh. 
 It is alleged by D'Israeli, in the Curipsities of Literature (iii. 145, 14th ed.). that 
 Kaleigh had been largely assisted in writing the History of the World ; that the 
 learning in it had been supplied, and the drudgery executed for him by others ; and 
 that, in truth, he had done little more than contribute the important and striking 
 passages. But Mr. Bolton Corney has conclusively shown that there is no good 
 foundation for this depreciatory statement ; aid that Kaleigh is not merely the 
 author of the more ambitious paragraphs in the History of the World, but of the 
 entire work. — (Curiosities of Literature, illustiated, 2d ed., pp. 65-87.) 
 Rams.^t : An Essay on the Treatment, &c. of African Slaves in the 
 British Colonies, by the Rev. James Ramsay, M.A. 8vo. 
 London, 1784. 
 
 The Poems of AHan Ramsay ; a New Edition, Corrected and 
 
 Enhirged, with a Glossary ; to Avhich are prefixed, a Life of 
 
 the Author, from Authentic Documents, (by George Chalmers,) 
 
 and a Critique on the Poems, (by Lord Woodhouselee.) 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1800. Calf, ex., gilt leaves. 
 
 R.\NKE — Austin : The Ecclesiastical and Political History of the Popes 
 
 of Rome during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, by Leopold 
 
 Ranke, from the German, by Sarah Austin. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1841. 
 
 Raper. See Money, Coins, &c., Works on. 
 
 Rapix — TiXDAL : The History of England, by ]M. Rapin de Thoyras, 
 
 translated into English, and continued to the Accession of George II., 
 
 by N. Tindal, M.A. Folio. 5 vols. Complete in every respect, 
 
 with all the Plates, Plans, &c. London, 1732-47. Calf, ex. 
 
 A very valuable and important work, which has not been, and will not speedily be, 
 
 superseded. 
 
S14 
 
 Rapini (Ren.) Hortorum libri IV. et Cultura Hortensis ; cum Notis et 
 Historia Hortorum Gab. Brotierii. 12mo. Barbou, Paris, 1780. Calf, 
 gilt leaves. 
 
 The classical poem of Eapin was franslated by Evelyn and Gardiner. See the 
 latter. 
 
 Rat : Select Remains of the Learned John Ray, M.A. & F.R.S., with his 
 Life, by the late William Derham, D.D., published by George 
 Scott, 'M. A. Royal 8vo. London, 1760. Calf, ex., Hayday. 
 
 By the same learned Author, a Compleat Collection of English 
 
 Proverbs, with the most Celebrated Proverbs of the Scotch, 
 Italian, French, Spanish, and other Languages, and a Collec- 
 tion of English Words not generally used. 8vo. 4th edition, 
 with many Additions by the Editor. London, 1768. 
 
 The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation, in 
 
 Two Parts, by, &c. 8vo. 12th and best ed. London, 1759. 
 Uncut, calf, ex. 
 
 The Correspondence of John Ray, edited by Edwin Liukester, 
 
 M.D., &c. Svo. London, 1848. 
 
 The following extract from the Eemains of this great natiu'alist and most excellent 
 person will be read with interest. It is a good specimen of the writer's style ; and 
 it gives a striking picture of the condition 200 years ago of what is now the garden 
 of Scotland : — 
 
 " We travelled to Dunbar, a town noted for the fight between the English and Scots. 
 The Scots generally (that is the poorer sort) wear, the men blue bonnets on their 
 heads, and some russet ; the women only white linnen, which hangs down their 
 backs as if a napkin were pinned about them. When they go abroad none of them 
 wear hats, but a party-coloured blanket, which they call a plad, over their heads and 
 shoulders. The women generally to us seemed none of the handsomest. They are 
 not very cleanly in their houses, and but slutish in dressing their meat. Their way 
 of washing linnen is to tuck up their coats, and tread them with their feet in a tub. 
 They have a custom to make up the fronts of tl«?ir houses, even in their principal 
 towns, with firr boards nailed one over another, in which are often made many 
 round holes or windows to put out their heads. In the best Scottish houses, even 
 the King's Palaces, the windows are not glazed throughout, but the upper part only, 
 the lower have two wooden shuts or folds to open at pleasure, and admit the fresh 
 air. The Scots cannot endure to hear their countiy or countrymen spoken against. 
 Thev have neither good bread, cheese, or drink. They cannot make them, nor will 
 thev learn. Their butter is veiy indifferent, and one would wonder how they could 
 contrive to make it so bad. They use much pottage made of coalwort, which they 
 call keal, sometimes broth of decorticated barley. The ordinarj' countiy houses are 
 pitiful cots, built of stone and covered with turves, having in them but one room 
 many of them no chimneys, the windows veiy small holes, and not glazed. In the 
 most stately and feshionable houses, in great towns, instead of ceiling they cover 
 the chambers with fiiT boards, nailed on the roof within side. They have rarely 
 any bellows or warming-pans. It is the manner in some places there to lay on but 
 one sheet as large as two, turned up from the feet upwards. The ground in the 
 valleys and plains bears good corn ; but especially beer, barley, or bigge, and oats, 
 rarely wheat or rye. We observed little or no fallow grounds in Scotland ; some 
 layed ground we saw, which they manured with sea-wreck. The people seem 
 to be very lazv, at least the men, and may be frequently observ-ed to plow in their 
 cloaks. It is'the fashion of them to wear cloaks when they go abroad, but espe- 
 cially on Sundays. They lay out most they are worth in cloaths ; and a fellow 
 that hath scarce ten groats besides to help himself with you shall see come out of 
 his smoaky cottage clad like a gentleman" (p. 186). 
 
315 
 
 Ratnal : Histoiro Philosophiquo ct Politiquo lies Etftltlisseiiiens ct du 
 Commerce des Europeens dniis les Deux Indcs, per Guilluume-Tliomiis 
 Ra}'nal. 4to. 5 vols. Geneve, 1780. . Old red iiior. 
 
 Turgot has characterised this work as follows, in a letftT ndihesst'd to the AH'o 
 Morelk't, then in England : — 
 
 " Jc siiis curiiMix de savoir ce que les Anplois auront pensr de I'llistoire des Deux 
 Indes. .ravouo qu'en adniirant le talent de Tauteur et son ouvragc, j"ai etc un 
 pen choqiio de I'ineohi'renee de ces idt'es, ef de voir les paradoxes les plus opposes 
 mis en avant et dt fendus avec la uicine ehaleur, la uk lue eloepieuce, le nit'iue fana- 
 tisme. U esttantot rigoriste couiiue Hiehardson, tantot inunoral eoiunu' lielvetius, 
 tantot enthusiaste des vertus donees et tendres, tantot de hi dthauehe, tantot du 
 courage tVroce ; traitant I'esclavage d'abominable, et voulant des eselaves ; d( rai- 
 sonnant en phjsi(pie, diraisonnant en nu'taphysique, et souvent en politique ; iLne 
 n'sulte rien de son livre sinon que I'auteur est un homnie de heaucouj) d'esprit, 
 tres-instruit. niais qui n'a aueune idee aiTetee, qui se laisse einporter par I'entliou- 
 siasme d'un jeune rhettur. II senihle avoir pris a tjiche de soutenir sueeessivenient 
 tons les paradoxes qui se sont pn'senti'es a lui dans ses lectures et dans ses reves. 
 II est plus instruit, |)lus sensible, et a une t'lociuence plus naturelle qu'lielvi'tius ; 
 mais il est, en virite, aussi incolu'rent dans ses idi'es, et aussi etranger au vrai 
 systenie de rhommc." — (Alenioires de rAbbe Morellet, i. 2"22.) 
 
 But, despite the sophistry, declamation, and paradoxes by wliich this work is dis- 
 figured, it contains much valuable nuitter respecting tlie colonial establishments of 
 the ditierent European powers. Inasmuch, however, as the author rarely refers to 
 authorities, his statements, even wlien well founded, cannot be safely depended 
 upon by those who are ignorant of tlie sources whence they have been derived ; 
 so that the historical and statistical parts of the work have fallen, though unde- 
 servedly, into nearly the same discredit as the others. 
 
 Jiot withstanding Raynal had the courage to address, in 1791, a letter to the National 
 Assembly, in which he strongly censured the excesses by which the revolution had 
 even then been disgraced, he was fortunate enough to escape falling a sacrifice to 
 the vindictive jealousy of the Jacobin tribunals, and died in 1796 (Literature of 
 Political Economy). 
 
 Recherches Curicuses d'Antiquitc. See Spoil. 
 
 Reddie's Researches in Maritime Law. See that Subject. 
 
 Redi : Bacco in Toscana, Ditirambo di Francesco Redi, con le Anno- 
 tazioni. 4to. Firenzc, 1685. Old mor. 
 
 A choice copy of the best edition of this classical poem from the library of Mad. de 
 Pompadour. 
 
 Bacco in Toscana e altrc Pocsie. 8vo. Firenze, 1822. Mor., ex. 
 
 The dithjTamb, or hymn in honour of Bacchus, is a chef <rrpuvre, a model for 
 that species of composition. Tiraboschi says it has had no equal, and that it is 
 not very likely it will have any. Le I'oesic del Redi xono per (jriizia e per elegama 
 vaghissime, ma sopra ogni cosa e stimato il suo Bacco in Toscana, Ditirambo, a 
 citi non si era ancoi a vednto I'uguale, e forse non si e poscia ancora vedutu." — 
 (Storia della I^etteratura, viii. 457.) 
 
 The reader may not, perhaps, be aware that this enthusiastic poet was also one ot 
 the most accurate observers and most eminent natural philosophers of his day. 
 But such was the case. — (Tiraboschi, viii. 291.) 
 
 Rees : Cyclopnedia, conducted by Abraham Rees, D.D. 4to. 45 vols. 
 London, 1819. Boards. 
 Tills book has fallen so low in price, that T do not know whether it be i)<)ssible to 
 lay out a few pounds (6/. or 7/.) in the acquisition of useful information more 
 profitably than in its purchase. 
 
316 
 
 Regiam Majestatem : The Auld Lawes and Constitutions of Scotland, 
 
 Collected out of the Eegister and other auld authentic Bukes fra the 
 
 dayes of King Malcolm II. until the time of King James I., &c., by Sir 
 
 John Skene, with the Order of Proces in Civil and Criminal Cases. 4to. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1774. Uncut, calf, ex. 
 
 This book would be alike curious and vahiable if it really were what it purports to 
 
 be. This, however, is more than doubtful. A very high authority. Sir Thomas 
 
 Craig, says, that it is wholly filched from or is identical with Glanville's book 
 
 on the laws and customs of England in the reign of Henry II., and that it is of 
 
 no authority in Scotland. (Jus Feudale, lib. i. c. 8.) And Lord Hailes has 
 
 shown, in a treatise on the Regiani Majestalem, published in 1769, that Craig's 
 
 statements are substantially correct. — {See Dalryraple's Tracts in this Catalogue.) 
 
 Eeid : The Works of Thomas Reid, D.D., F.R.S. Edinburgh, with Life, 
 by Dugald Stewart. 8vo. 4 vols. Edinburgh, 1803. Calf, ex. 
 
 To oppose, and, if possible, to subvert the sceptical doctrines of Hume, and the ideal 
 theory on which they were founded, is the grand object of the works of Reid. 
 In various respects he may be said to have been successful, though in the greater 
 number he has totally failed. Sir Wm. Hamilton, while he defends Reid from 
 the indiscriminate and generally mistaken attacks of Brown, and shows wherein 
 his statements and doctrines are erroneous and deficient, has amended and adopted 
 a considerable part of his system. 
 
 In his remarks on Reid's philosophical writings Stewart observes : — " His limited 
 range of metaphysical reading, by forcing him to draw the materials of his 
 philosophical speculations almost entirely from his own reflections, has given 
 to his style, both of thinking and of writing, a characteristical unity and 
 simplicity seldom to be met with in so voluminous an author. He sometimes, 
 indeed, repeats, with an air of originality, Avhat had been previously said by his 
 predecessors ; but on these, as on all other occasions, he has at least the merit of 
 thinking for himself, and of sanctioning, by the weight of his unbiassed judgment, 
 the conclusions which he adopts. It is this uniformity of thought and design 
 which, according to Dr. Butler, is the best test of an author's sincerity ; and I am 
 apt to regard it also, in these abstruse disquisitions, as one of the surest marks of 
 liberal and unfettered inquiry." — (Works, i. 465). 
 
 Rejected Addresses. See Smith, James and Horace. 
 Relandi (Had.) Palfestiua ex Monumeutis Veteribus lUustrata. 4to. 
 2 vols. Trajecti Bat., 1714. Uncut, calf, ex. 
 
 La Religion des Mahometans, tire du Latin de M. Reland, et 
 
 augmente d'une Confession de Foi Mahometaue. Post 8vo. a 
 La Hay e, 1721. Old mor. 
 This, which is rather a paraphrase than a translation, is a very interesting work. 
 Keland, who was exceedingly well versed in Arabic learning, has rendered to 
 the memory of Mahomet a service similar to that which Gassendi rendered to the 
 memory of Epicurus, that is, he has vindicated his character and doctrines from 
 many calumnious imputations by showing that they are wholly unfounded ; and 
 he has done this good service to the cause of truth and fair dealing without 
 becoming either the apologist or the defender of the Mahometan faith. 
 
 (Pet. et Had.) Fasti Consularis, &c. 8vo. Trajecti Bat. 1715. 
 
 Uncut, calf, ex. 
 Religion (La), Ancienne et Moderne, des Muscovites. 12mo. Cologne, 
 
 1698. Russia, uncut. 
 Remusat : Essai sur la Langue et la Litterature Chinoise, par M. Abel 
 
 Remusat. Bvo. Paris, 1811. 
 
 Melanges, et Nouveaux Melanges, Asiatiques. 8vo. 4 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1825-29. Uncut, half "calf. 
 
317 
 
 KexauduT: Ancient Accounts of India and C'liiii:i, by Two IMiilionuncdiui 
 Trjivellcrs of the 9th Century, from the Arabic, by Kenandot, witli 
 Notes, Illustrations, &c. 8vo. London, 1733. 
 
 Kennell : Memoir of a IMap of Ilindoostan, or the ^logul Empire, by 
 James Rennell, Esq., F.K.S. 3d edition. 4to. London, 1793. 
 
 The Geojjjraphical Svsteni of Herodotus Examined and Exi)hiined. 
 
 4to. London, 1800. Knssia, 
 
 The same Work. 2d edition. Bvo. 2 vols. London, 1830. 
 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 Illustrations, chiefly Geographical, of the History of the Expedi- 
 
 tion of Cyrus, and the Retreat of the 10,000 Greeks from 
 Babylonia to Treltisonde and Lydia. 4to. London, 181(3. 
 
 A Treatise on the Comparative Geography of Western Asia, -with 
 
 Maps. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1831. 
 
 Renouvier : Manuel de la Philosophie Moderne, par M. Rcnouvier. Post 
 
 8vo. Paris, 1842. 
 Repp on Juries. See Marriage, Report on. 
 Republique (La) des Ilebreux. Nouvelle edition, revue, corrigee, et 
 
 augmentce. 8vo. 3 vols. Amsterdam, 1713. Old calf. 
 
 This is a translation of the work of Cunaeus, Dc Rflsptihlica fJebrcForian, by M. Goeree. 
 It is preferred to the original, and is a valuable work. Basnage, to whom it has 
 sometimes been ascribed, added to it a supplement entitled AntiquiUs JudaTqucs, ou 
 Heinarques Critiques sitr la liepublique des Hibreux, in 2 vols. 
 
 RespubltCjE ELZEViRiANiE, the name given to a collection of statistical 
 
 and descriptive works published by. the Elzevirs, in the first half of the 
 
 17th century. 
 
 They are of small size (24mo.), and rarely extend to more than a single volimie. But 
 
 though so very abridged, they were, for the most part, carefully compiled, contained 
 
 a great deal of authentic information, and were, when they appeared, exceedingly 
 
 popular. They have, however, for many years past, gone entirely out of fa.shion, 
 
 and are now only sought after by the curious, by whom they continue to be highly 
 
 prized. A complete set comprises about 50 or 55 vols. A detailed notice of the 
 
 different Republics, and of the best editions of each, is given by Hallengre in the 
 
 Memoires de Litteraturc, 4me partie, p. 149. We annex the following list of the 
 
 best of these works : — 
 
 Pet. Cunaeus de Respublica Hebraeorum. Lugd., 1617, and Amst., 1632. 
 
 De Imperio Magni Mogulis, sive India; verae Commentarius. Lugd., 1631. 
 
 Kespublicae Graecorum Ubbonis Emmii. 2 vols. Lugd., 1632. 
 
 Respublica Romana, Scriverii. Lugd., 1626. 
 
 Persia, sen Regni Persici status. Lugd., 1 633. 
 
 B. Varenii descriptio Regni Japoniae. Amst., 1649. 
 
 Respublica Constantinopolitana, P. Gyllii. Lugd., 1632. 
 
 Turcici Imperii status. Lugd., 1634. 
 
 Respublica Anglorum, Th. Smith et aliorum. Lugd., 1630. 
 
 ]{espublica sive status Scotiac et Iliberniac. Lugd., 1627. 
 
 Respublica et status Imperii Romano-Germanici. Lugd., 1634. 
 
 Respublica Bohemia', P. Stransky. Lugd., 1634. 
 
 Werdenhagen de Rebus Pub. Ilanseatici.s. 4 vols. Lugd., 1631. 
 
 Simleri, Vallesia;, et Alpium descriptio. Lugd., 1634. 
 
 Respublica et status Regni Ilungaria;. Lugd., 1634. 
 
 Respublicac Namurcencis, Hannonia;, et Luxemburgensis, Descriptio etilistoria 
 Amst., 1634. 
 
 Respublica Bata^-iac, Adr. Houttyn. Ilaga;, 1G89. 
 
 Respublica Belgii confoederati. Lugd., 1630. 
 
318 
 
 Respublic.e Elzevirian.^ — cont. 
 
 Respubllca Hollandise et Urbes. Lugd., 1630. 
 
 Gallia, sive de Francorum Regis dominiis et opibus Commentarius. Lugd., 
 
 1629. 
 Respublica, sive status Regr.i Galliae, divers, autorum. Lugd., 1626. 
 HispaniEB, sive de Regis Hispania; regnis et opibus Commentarias. Lugd., 
 
 1629. 
 Respublica Helvetiorum, div. autor. Lugd., 1627. 
 Coatareni de Republica Venetorum libri v. Lugd., 1626 and 1628. 
 Th. Campanella de Monarchia Hispanica. Amst, 1641. 
 Rortugallia, sive de Regis Portugallise regnis et opibus Commentarius. Lugd., 
 
 1641. 
 Respublica et Historia Rhetiae. Lugd., 1633. 
 Respublica et Historia Sabaudia?. Lugd.. 1627 and 1634. 
 De Regno Danise et Norwegise, &c. Lugd., 1629. 
 Regni Chinensis descriptio. Lugd., 1639. 
 De Principatibus Italise, Tractatus varii. Lugd., 1631. 
 
 Suecia, sive de Suecorum Regis dominiis et opibus Commentarius. Lugd., 1631. 
 Respublica, sive status Polonice, Lituania, Prussise, Livonia, &c. Lugd., 1627. 
 Russia, seu Moscovia et Tartaria, Commentario Topographico atque Politico, 
 
 illustrata;. Lugd., 1630. 
 I have about a half of these volumes, and may, perhaps, be able to complete the set. 
 
 Retz : Memoires du Cardinal de Retz. 12mo. 5 vols. Geneve, 1777. 
 
 Reuilly : Voyage en Crimee et sur les Bords de la Mer Noire, pendant 
 I'Annee 1803, par J. Reuilly. 8vo. Paris, 1806. 
 This volume also includes Accounts of Thibet, of the Nogais Tartars (Karkov, 
 1816), &c. 
 
 Reusner. See Icones, sive Imagines. 
 
 Reynolds : The Literary Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Knt., with his 
 Life, by Malone, 4to. 2 vols. London, 1797. Calf, ex., fine. 
 
 The discourses of this great master, delivered at the Royal Academy, have been com- 
 mended by the best judges for the solidity of their instruction, the justness of their 
 precepts, and the appropriateness of the examples by -which they are illustrated. 
 We subjoin the following notice of Sir Joshua by his illustrious friend, Mr. 
 Edmund Burke : — 
 
 " Sir Joshua Reynolds was, on very many accounts, one of the most memorable men of 
 his time. He was the first Englishman who added the praise of the elegant arts to 
 the other glories of his country. In taste, in grace, in facility, in happy invention, 
 and in the richness and harmony of colouring, he was equal to the great masters 
 of the renowned ages. In portrait he went beyond them ; for he communicated to 
 that description of the art, in which English artists are the most engaged, a 
 variety, a fancy, and a dignity derived from the higher branches, which even 
 those who professed them in a superior manner did not always preserve, when 
 they delineated individual nature. His portraits remind the spectator of the 
 invention of history, and the amenity of landscape. In painting portraits 
 he appeared not to be raised upon that platform, but to descend to it from a higher 
 sphere. His paintings illustrate his lessons, and his lessons seem to be derived 
 from his paintings. 
 
 " He possessed the theory as perfectly as the practice of his art. To be such 
 a painter, he was a profound and penetrating philosopher. 
 
 " In full affluence of foreign and domestic fame, admired by the expert in art, and 
 by the learned in science, courted by the great, caressed by sovereign powers, and 
 celebrated by distinguished poets, his native humility, modesty, and candour never 
 forsook him, even on surprise or provocation ; nor was the least degree of 
 arrogance or assumption visible to the most scrutinizing eye in any part of his 
 conduct or discourse. " 
 
319 
 
 KiCARDo's Works. Sec Politicjil Economy. 
 
 Kicii : Narrative of a Joiirnoy to the Sito of Bahyloii in isi 1 ; M,iii,,ir 
 on the Kuins, Remarks on the Topo^zraphy of Ancient Bal>vl()ii, Ikv., 
 by the hite Clauilius James Kieh, Ks<i. Kdited l.y his Widow. Hvo! 
 London, 1839. 
 
 EiCHARDERiE : Bibliotheqnc Universelle des Voyaj^'cs, on Notice Com- 
 plete et Raisonneo de tons les Voyages Aneiens et Modernes dans lea 
 ditTerentes parties du monde, publies tant en huigne Fran(;aisc qu'en 
 langues etrangeres, classes par ordre de pays dans leur serie 
 chronologiqne ; avec des extraits phis on moins rapides des voyages les 
 phis estimes do chatpie pays, et (U'S jugeinens motives snr les relatious 
 ancienncs qni ont le plus de eelebrite, par M. De hi Rieliarderie. 8vo. 
 6 vols. Paris, 1808. Calf, gilt. 
 The title of this work, which is given at length, suiBciently indicates tlie magnitude 
 and importance of its subject. The author has carried out liis plan with con- 
 siderable ability and success. The titles of a vast many works are given in classes 
 and in the order in Mhich they appeared ; with occasional re.sunu's of their 
 contents, and extracts from those that are most important. These, however, are 
 not always so perfect or complete as they might have been ; and there is a great 
 deficiency of critical and historical information. 
 A work of this sort, Avere it reasonably well executed, and made applicable 
 to the present time, would be invaluable. Collections of voyages and travels 
 are much too voluminous to be suited for extensive circulation ; and they 
 all but invariably, and perhaps necessarily, contain a great deal of rubbish 
 and repetition. But a Mork of the kind now under consideration might be 
 comprised within reasonable limits ; and while it supplied the inquisitive or 
 curious scholar with the titles and dates of the dilferent works to which he 
 may have occasion to refer, it would give the general reader sufficient information 
 with regard to the state of different countries at dif!'erent periods, stripped of 
 the verbiage and useless detail, of which there is generally an excess even in 
 the best books of travel. It is singular that we have no such work. It could 
 hardly fail, supposing it to be of medium quality, to have an extensive sale. 
 
 Richards : Antiqufe Liugnte Britannicte Thesaurus ; lieing a Welsh and 
 English Dictionary, with a compendious Welsh Grammar, by Thomas 
 Richards. 8vo. Bristol, 17o3. Calf, ex. 
 
 RiCHARDSOX : The Works of Mr. Jonathan Richardson, consisting of — 
 
 1. The Theory of Painting. "1 
 
 2. Es.say on the Art of Criticism, so far as it relates to Svo. 
 
 Painting. I London, 
 
 3. The Science of a Connoisseur. By his Son, Mr. 4 1773. 
 
 John Richardson. J 
 
 A new edition of the same Work, corrected and enlarged, with 
 
 Portraits. 4to. London, 1792. Uncut, Russia. 
 
 See Walpole. 
 
 A new Dictionary of the English Language, by Charles Richardson, 
 
 LL.D. Abridged, 2d edition. Svo. London, 1844. Mor., ex., 
 gilt leaves. 
 
 RicnELiEU : Testament Politique du Cardinal dc Richelieu, avec Les 
 Observations Ilistoriqnes et la Lettre de M. de Foucemagne. Editio 
 Optima. 8vo. Paris, 1764. 
 
 RiCKMAN : An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of Architecture in 
 England, from the Conquest to the Reformation, by Thomas Rickman, 
 F.S.xV. oth edition. 8vo. London, 1848. 
 
320 
 
 EiQUET : Histoire du Canal de Langucdoc par les Dcscendaus de Pierre- 
 Paul Kiqiiet de Bonrepos. 8vo. Paris, 1805, 
 RiTSON : A Select Collection of Englit-h Songs, with an Historical Essay on 
 
 the Origin and Progress ol'National Song, by Joseph Ritson,Esq. 
 
 2d edition, by Thomas Park, F.S.A. Post Bvo. 3 vols. 
 
 London, 1813 Half mor., uncut. 
 
 Scottish Songs, with an Historical Essny by, &c. Post Bvo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1794. Uniform with the preceding. Very scarce. 
 Bitter: Geographie Generale Comparee de I'Afrique, d'Allemand de 
 KarlRitterr 8vo. 3 vols. 1845. Calf, ex. 
 
 See, also, Philosophy, History of. 
 
 Riviere (Mercier de la) : L'Ordre Naturel, &c. See Political Economy. 
 
 Roberts' Merchant's Map of Commerce. See Commerce, Works on. 
 
 . The Social History of the People of tlie Southern Counties of 
 
 England in Past Centuries, illustrated in their Habits, Muni- 
 cipal Byelaws, Civil Progress, &c., by George Roberts. Bvo. 
 London, 1856. 
 
 Sketches of the Holy Land, Syria, Egypt, &c., by David Roberts, 
 
 R.A,, with Historical Notices by the Rev. Dr. Croly and 
 W. Brockedon, Esq. Folio. 6 vols. Half mor., uncut. 
 The plates, which are reduced from those in the larger work, are tinted, and give a 
 very good idea of the objects they are intended to represent. But the notices are 
 destitute of those historical details and discussions which could alone have made 
 them interesting. 
 Robertson : Works of William Robertson, D.D., viz. : — 
 
 History of Scotland, including Stewart's Life of^ 
 
 Robertson. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1791. 
 
 History of Charles V. 4to. 3 vols. London, 1769. I Uniform in 
 
 History of America. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1778. [ Russia. 
 
 — Disquisition on Ancient India. 4to. 1 vol. Lon- 
 don, 1791. J 
 
 History of Scotland, including Life, by Stewart. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 
 London, 1809. 
 
 History of Charles V. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1782. 
 
 History of America. Bvo. 3 vols. London, 1783. 
 
 Works, uniform. Bvo. Bright calf, viz., Scotland, 2 vols. Lon- 
 
 don, 1787 ; Charles V., 4 vols., London, 1787 ; America, 
 
 3 vols., 1788. 
 Eobertson constitutes with Hume and Smith the famous triumvirate that was at the 
 head of the literature and philosophy of Scotland, if not of Great Britain, during 
 a considerahle portion of last century. He was distinguished as a preacher, speaker, 
 and leader in the Church Courts. But it is only as a historian that he is now 
 known ; and in this grand department he is equal, or, if not equal, inferior 
 only to Hume and Gibbon. He is less prejudiced than either of these great writers; 
 and he is throughout liberal, rational, and dignified. The History of Charles V. 
 is reckoned his master-piece. Owing to the appearance of various State papers and 
 other documents, which were not accessible when Eobertson 's work was published, the 
 statements contained in it have been found to be, in a few instances, incomplete or 
 inaccm'ate. But diese are of little importance, and do not affect or detract in any 
 degree from the substantial merits of the work. The first vol. of Charles V. or that 
 which gives, an account of the progress of society during the Middle Ages, and its 
 state at the accession of Charles, is both comprehensive and excellent. It is not, 
 however, unusual to carp at Eobei-tson. But we apprehend that a very long- 
 period will elapse before the best of his deti-actors publishes anything half so good as 
 the least valuable o\ his works. Born 1721, died 1793 
 
321 
 
 Robertson's Rmal Recollections. See Ajjriciilture, Woi-ks on. 
 
 RoBixsox : Travels in Palestine and Syria, by George Robinson, Esq. 
 8vo. 2 vols. Loudon, 1837. 
 
 Ronsox : An Account of Six Years' Residence in Hudson's Bay, by 
 Joseph Robsou, Esq. 8vo. London, I7o2. 
 
 Roccus (Fran.) See Maritime Law. 
 
 Rochefoucauld : LcsPensees, Maxinies, ct Reflexions Morales du Due do 
 
 la Rochefoucauld, avec des Remarques ct Notes Critiques, etc. 
 
 I2nio. Paris, 1777. 
 Maxiines et Reflexions Morales dn Due do la Rochefoucauld, 
 
 snivies d'uu Manuel Moral. 12nio. Paris, 1785. Veuu fauve, 
 
 gilt leaves. 
 
 The Duke of La Kochefoucaiild, author of the INIaxims, was bom in 1 Gl.T, and died in 
 1680. The early part of his education -was neglected ; hut the disadvantages he 
 laboured under in consequence of this circumstance he in great measure overcame 
 by the force of his own talents. According to Mad. de Maintenon, who knew 
 him well, " He was possessed of a countenance prepossessing and interesting ; of 
 manners graceful and dignified ; of much genius, and little actpiired knowledge." 
 The same excellent judge adds of him, that " He was intriguing, accommodating, 
 and cautious ; but that she had never known a friend more firm, more open, or 
 whose counsels were of greater value. He loved raillery ; and used to say that 
 personal bravery appeared to him nothing better than folly, and yet he himself 
 was brave to an extreme. He preserved to the last the vivacity of his mind, which 
 was always agreeable, though naturally serious." — (Dugald Stewart.) 
 
 " Un des ouvrages qui contribucrent le plus a former le gout de la nation, et a lui 
 donner un esprit de ju.stcsse et de pivcision, fut le petit recueil de Maximes de 
 Francois Due de la Eochefoucauld. Quoiqu'il n'y ait presque qu'une verite dans 
 tfe livre, qui est que I'aniour-propre est le mobile de tout, cependant cette pensce se 
 presente sous tant d'a.spects varies, qu'elle est presque toujours piquante. C'est 
 moins un livre que des mattriau.x pour onier un livre. On hit avidement ce petit 
 recueil ( il accoutuma a penser et a renfermer ses pensees dans un tour vif, precis 
 et dolicat. C'etait un merite que personne n'avait eu avant lui en Europe depuis 
 la renaissance des lettres." — (Voltaire, Siccle de Louis XIV. ii. 246.) 
 
 Lord Chesterfield, between whom and La Rochefoucauld there is a good deal of 
 resemblance, defends the philosophy of the latter as follows :— 
 
 " I will recommend to your attentive perusal, now you are going into the world, two 
 hooks, which will let you as much into the characters of men as books can do. I 
 mean, Les Reflexions Morales de Monsieur de la liocliejhuca uld -dnd Les Caractcres 
 de La Bruyere; but remember, at the same time, that I only recommend them to you 
 as the best general maps, to assist you in your journey, and not as marking out 
 every particular turning and winding that you will meet with. There, your own 
 sagacity and observation must come to their aid. La Kochefoucauld is, I know, 
 blamed, but I think without reason, for deriving all our actions from the source of 
 self-love. For my own part, 1 see a great deal of truth, and no harm at all, in 
 that opinion. It is certain, that we seek our own happiness in every thing we do ; 
 and it is as certain, that we can only find it in doing well, and in conforming all 
 our actions to the rule of right reason, which is the great law of Nature. It is only 
 a mistaken self-love that is a blameable motive, when we take the immediate and 
 indiscriminate gratification of a passion, or appetite, for real happiness. But am I 
 blameable, if I do a good action, upon account of the happiness which that honest 
 consciousness will give me ? Surely not. On the contrary, that pleasing con- 
 Kciou.sness is a proof of my virtue. The reflection, which is the most censured in 
 M. de la Rochefoucauld's book, as a very ill-natured one is this ; on trouve dans le 
 mal/ieur de son meilleiir ami, (jueh/iie chose qui ne ddplait jias. And why not ? Why 
 may I not feel a verj- tender and real concern for the misfortune of my friend, and 
 yet at the same time feel a pleasing consciousness at having discharged my duty to 
 him, by comforting and assisting him to the utmost of my power in that misfortune ? 
 
 X 
 
322 
 
 EOCHEFOUCAULD — COllt. 
 
 Give me but virtuous actions, and I will not quibble and chicane about the motives. 
 And I will give anybody their choice of these two truths, which amount to the 
 same thing : He who loves hiir self best is the honestestmau ; or the honestest man 
 loves himself best"— (Letters, II., 54, edit. 1775.) 
 RocHETTE (Raoul) : Histoire Critique de I'Etablissement des Colonies 
 Grecques, par M. Raoul-Rocliette. 8vo. 4 vols. Paris, 1815. Calf, ex., 
 H. & B. 
 One of the many valuable gifts with which my liberal fi-iend, Mr. Gibson Craig, of 
 Edinburgh, has enriched this collection. 
 Rodney and GKAiiA^r, Messrs., the Reports of, on the Present State of the 
 
 United Provinces of South America, Svo. London, 1819. 
 RoGEKS : Italy ; a Poem, by Samuel Rogers. 1st edit. Post Svo. London, 
 
 1829. Calf, gilt, uncut. 
 Rolle: Recherches sur le Culte de Bacchus, par P.N. Rolle. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1824. Half mor., uncut. 
 ROLLIAD. The 22d edition. Svo. London, 1812. Calf, ex. 
 RoLLiN : Les Oiuvres de M. Rollin, viz. : — 
 
 Traite de Belles Lettres. 4to. 2 vols."| 
 
 Paris, 1740. Old French calf, gilt, 
 
 Histoire Ancienne. 4to. 6 vols. Paris, I uniform with Cre- 
 
 1740, ( vier's " Empereurs 
 
 Histoire Romaine. 4to. 8 vols. Paris, 1 Romains." 
 
 1740. J 
 
 Maniered'Enseigneret d'Etudier les Belles Lettres. 12mo, 4 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1748, Veau fauve. 
 
 The Works of M. Rollin, translated into English, viz. : — , 
 
 Ancient History. Svo. 7 vols. London,"^ 
 
 T^ ^ "^^'tt- . o -..^ 1 T 1 I Light calf, gilt, uni- 
 
 Roman History. Svo. 10 vols. London, "form^vitti Mill's 
 
 1768. > 
 
 Arts and Sciences. Svo. 3 vols, Loudon, 
 
 1768. 
 Belles Lettres, Svo. 3 vols, London, 1768, 
 
 Translation of Cre- 
 vier. 
 
 Despite the excess of his credulity, the extraordinary popularity of Eollin's works, 
 when first published, is still in some measure deservedly maintained, Chateaubriand 
 called him the Fcnclon of history ; and his style has all the simplicity, elegance, 
 and facility which distinguish that of the author of Telemaque. His Ancient 
 History is an eloquent and admirable display of its principal divisions, founded 
 on the statements of the sacred writers and the classics, but without any 
 tincture of criticism. It is exceedingly interesting ; and we shoidd be disposed to 
 entertain an indifferent opinion of a young person who began to read it and did not 
 finish it. His treatise on the Belles Lettres is one of the best hitherto published. 
 Kollin was piu-e and primitive, wholly devoted to the faithfal discharge of his duties 
 as a teacher and a divine, without intermeddling in the contentions of his day. 
 Montesquieu said of him, " Un honnete Itomme a, par ses ouvrages, enchante le 
 public^ Oest le cceur qui parle au cceur ; on sent une secrete satisfaction d'entendre 
 purler la vertu. C'est I'abeille de la France." 
 
 Romans, De I'Usage des, ou. Ton fait voir leur Utilite, &c., avec une 
 Bibliotheque des Romans (par Lenglet Dufresnoy). 12mo. 2 vols, a 
 Amsterdam, 1734. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 Romains : Les Moeurs ct les Usages des Romains. 12mo, 2 vols. Paris, 
 1744. Calf, gilt. 
 
323 
 
 Roman IIistouy, viz.: — 
 
 History of the Progress and Termination of the Koman Republic, 
 
 by Adam Ferguson, LL.D. 4to. 3 vols. London, 17H3. 
 
 ■ — History of the Decline and Fall ol" the Roman Empire, by Edward 
 
 (iibiuui. Esq. 4to. 6 vols. London, ITHl. 
 
 ^ledallic History of Imperial Rome, by William Cooke, M.A. 4to. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1781. 
 These three works uniform in Russia. 
 Rome : Historical Essay on the Laws and Government of Rome. 8vo. 
 
 Cambridge, 1827. Pale calf, ex. 
 RoMiLLV : Memoirs of the Life of Sir Samuel Romilly, written by himself, 
 edited by his Sons. 2d edition. Svo. 3 vols. London, 1840. 
 An interesting account of a great lawyer and most excellent person. 
 
 RosALES : Essai (Statistique) sur le Chile, par O. Perez-Rosales. Svo. 
 Hambourg, 18.57. Half mor., uncut. 
 A valuable and authentic publication. 
 Ro:?cOE : Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth, by William ■^ 
 
 Roscoe. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1827. I Uniform,calf, 
 
 Life of Lorenzo de Medici. 8vo. London, 1846. (ex., Hayday. 
 
 Life of Pope. 8vo. London, 1847. J 
 
 Eoscoe's Lives of Lorenzo de INIedici and Leo X. were for awhile exceedingly popular. 
 They refer to one of the most interesting periods in modern history, and made 
 the reader acquainted with many distinguished persons of Mhom he previously 
 knew but little— with the statesmen, the poets, the scholars, and the artists who 
 have immortalized the " golden days " of Lorenzo and his yet more illustrious son. 
 But the great and valuable qualities of, the majority of the personages who figure 
 in the pages of Koscoe were alloyed with some of the worst vices. And it is 
 alleged that in estimating the principal characters he is inclined, while he brings 
 the former into strong relief, to conceal or excuse the latter. It is right, however, to 
 observe that he has endeavoured to vindicate himself from the charge of partiality ; 
 though, as it appears to us, with but indifferent success. Neither has he done 
 justice to the reformers, with whom Leo had to contend. That they were coarse 
 and intolerant is generally true ; but they were sincere. They emancipated the 
 human mind from tlie shackles impo.sed upon it, and paved the way for the free 
 exercise of opinion and the ilhmiination that now prevails. Koscoe's style is easy, 
 fluent, and pleasing. But he is deficient in vigour, and dwells too much upon 
 trifles. 
 
 Eoscoe's character of Leo X. occupies no fewer than 46 pages. Sarpi, on the con- 
 trarj-, disposes of it in the brief but striking paragraph which we take leave to 
 lay before the reader: — 
 
 " Ia'OU apporta an Pontificat de grandes qualitcs, qui otoient le fruit de la naissance 
 illustre et de I'excellente education qu'il avoit recue. II avoit entre autres une 
 grande connois-sance des belles-lettres, une inclination particuliere a favoriser les 
 gens savans et vertueux, de I'humanitc, de la bontt', une extreme liberalite, et une 
 si grande affabiliti; a traiter avec tout le monde, qu'on trouvoit quelque cho.se de 
 plus qu'humain dans toutes ses manieres, et que depuis tres longtems on n'avoit 
 point vu sur le Saint Siege de Pape qui eiit eu de si grandes qualites, ou meme 
 d'approchantes. Et il cut etc un Pontife parfait, si a tant de perfections il eut joint 
 quelque connaissance des choses de la religion, et un pen plus d'inciination il la 
 piuto, choses dont il ne parut jamais se mettre beaucoup en peine." — (Hist, du 
 Concile de Trente, trad. deCourayer, i. 10.) 
 
 Rose : Letters from the North of Italy, by W. S. Rose, Esq. Svo. 2 vols. 
 
 in 1. London, 1S19. 
 RosiNT (Joan.) Antiquitatum Romanarum Corpus, cum Notis Th. 
 
 Dcmpsteri et aliorum. 4to. Amst., 1743. Vellura. 
 
 X 2 
 
32* 
 
 Eossi : Coiirs d'Economie Politique. See Political Economy. 
 
 Rousseau : CEuvres Completes de J. J. Rousseau. 12mo. 38 vols. 
 Neuf'chatel, 1783. Mor., ex., gilt leaves. 
 
 RovTLANDS : Mona Antiqua Restaurata ; an Arcbfeological Discourse, &c. 
 of the Isle of Anglesey, by Henry Rowlands, Esq. To which is added, 
 History of the Island of Anglesey. 4to. London, 1766 and 1775. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 RowNiXG : A Compendious System of Natural Philosophy, with Notes, &c., 
 by J. Rowuing, M.A. 8th edition, with additions. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 London, 1779. 
 
 Roy : The Military Antiquities of the Romans in N. Britain, and par- 
 ticularly their ancient System of Castranietation, illustrated with Maps 
 and Plans, by Major-General Roy ; published at the expense of the 
 Society of Antiquaries. Royal folio. London, 1793. Half Russia. 
 A very valuable ■work. 
 
 RoTAL Society, (The History of the,) for the Improving of Natural Know- 
 ledge, by Thomas Sprat, D.D. 2d edition. 4to. London, 1702. See, 
 also, Thomson (Thomas). 
 
 Royle: The Fibrous Plants of India, by J. Forbes Royle, M.D., F.R.S. 
 8vo. London, 1855. 
 
 RuDDiJiAX : An Introduction to Mr. James Anderson's Diplomata Scotise, 
 by Thomas Ruddiman, A.M. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1773. 
 
 RuDixG : Annals of the Coinage. See Money, Coins, &c.. Works on. 
 
 RuGGLE : Ignoramus, Comoedia, scriptore Georgio Ruggle, A.M., cum 
 Vita Auctoris, Notis, Glossario, &c., curante J. S. Hawkins. Loudini, 
 1787. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 This once celebrated play, Tvritten by a scholar of Cambridge, was intended to 
 ridicule the pedantry, and to expose the ignorance, arrogance, craft, and fraud of 
 the inferior common law practitioners of his time. Brakyn, the Recorder of the 
 town, is represented under the name of Ignoramus. The idea of the piece is 
 taken from an Italian play on the same subject, but it is by no means a trans- 
 lation of the latter. It was acted before James I. on two occasions when he 
 visited Cambridge, and was much applauded by the Eoyal pedant ; who, besides 
 enjoying the coarse wit of the dialogue, was well pleased with the ridicule of the 
 common law, its comparatively liberal doctrines being very tmfavourable to his 
 notions of kingly power. 
 
 Hawkins has given all the illustration to this work of which it appears to be sus- 
 ceptible. All that is known of the author, and of the play, is stated ; and the 
 obscurities and allusions in the latter are fully cleared up. 
 
 RuiNAET : Abrege de la Yie de Dom. Mabillon par Dom. Thierry Ruinart, 
 12mo. Paris, 1709. Old mor., gilt. 
 
 RuLHiERE : Histoire de I'Anarchie de Pologne et du Demembrement de 
 cette Republique, par Charles Rulhiere. 12mo. 4 vols. Paris, 1807. 
 
 Russell : An Essay on the History of the English Government and Con- 
 stitution, by Lord John (now Earl) Russell. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 
 1823. Calf, ex. 
 
825 
 
 Russell : The Nalural History ol' Aleppo, coutaiiiinji: a Description of 
 the City, and Natural Productions of the Neipchbonriiood, with 
 an Account of the Climate, Inhabitants, Diseases (esj)ecially 
 the Plajine). 8fc., by Alexander Russell, M.D. 2d edition, re- 
 vised and enlarged by his IJrother, Patrick Russell, M.D. 4to. 
 2 vols. London, 1794. Russia. 
 Dr. Eu«sell. the Author of this work, a well instructed physician, and familiar also with 
 Oriental literature, was for many years physician to Uie Enpjlish factory at Aleppo, 
 ■where, and in the adjoininfj country, he enjoyed an extensive practice. He, there- 
 fore, had the best opportunities for acquiring correct information in regard to the 
 habits and manners of the Turks, both of the country and the city ; and of these 
 he is admitted to have judiciously availed himself Hence his book, which 
 was edited by his brother, also a physician at Aleppo, has been long regarded as 
 one of the very best to which those can liave recourse who wish to obtain full 
 and trustwortliy information in regard to the Turks. It is probable, indeed, 
 that they have retrograded a little since the days of Russell ; at all events, they 
 have not advanced. 
 
 The History of Modern Europe, in a Scries of Letters from a 
 
 Nobleman to his Son (by William Russell, LL.D.) New edit. 
 
 8vo. o vols. London, 1789. 
 This is the best sketch of Modern History in the English language. It was brought 
 down by Russell to the accession of George III., since which epoch it has been 
 continued by various -writers. But the continuation is very inferior to the original 
 work. 
 
 History of Ancient Europe, in a Series of Letters to a Youn<; 
 
 Nobleman (also by Russell). Svo. 2 vols. London, 1793. 
 
 A Tour in Germany and some of the Southern Provinces of the 
 
 Austrian Empire in 182Q, 1821, and 1822, by James Russell, 
 
 Esq. 12mo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1824. 
 ■ North America, its Agriculture and Climate, &c., by Robert 
 
 RusselL 8vo. Edinburgh, 1857. Calf, ex. 
 This, which is one of the best works on North America that I have seen, is the 
 production of a skilful practical farmer. It gives very full details with respect to 
 the soil, climate, and agriculture of the LTnited States, Canada, and Cuba, 
 especially the fii-st. But it is chietiy valuable for its showing the circumstances 
 which, at present, make slave labour all but indispensable in many of the States, 
 and those that, by rendering it unprofitable, will in the end bring about the 
 extinction of slavery. Altogetlicr it is a work of a very superior description. 
 
 Russia and Turkey : Accounts of, by J. R. M'Culloch. Post 8vo. 
 
 London, 1853. 
 Russii? : Essui sur le Commerce de Russie, avec I'llistoire de ses Decou- 
 
 vertes. 12mo. 1 vol. Amsterdam, 1777. 
 Rutiiekford; A View of Ancient History, including the I'rogress 
 of Literature and the Fine Arts, by William Rutherford, D.D. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1788. 
 In reality by John Logan, M.A., Minister of S. Leith, and author of a volume of 
 poems. 
 
 RuTiiERFOUTii : An Essay on the Nature and Obligations of Virtue, by 
 T. Rutherforth, D.D., F.R.S., &c. 4to. Cambridge, 1744. 
 
 Institutes of Natural Law, being the Substance of a Course of 
 
 Lectures on Grotius de Jure Belli ac Pacis. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 Cambridge, 1754. 
 Ryax : The History of the Effects of Religion on Maidiind, in Countries 
 Ancient and Modern, &c., by the Rev. Edward Ryan, D.D. Svo. 
 2 vols. London, 1788. 
 
S2G 
 
 Rtmer : Focdera, Conventiones, Literre, el. Acta Publica inter Keges 
 AnglifB et alios Principes, collecta a Th. Rymer. Editio tertia, curante 
 Georgio Holmes. Folio. 10 vols. Hagai Comitis, 1739. Old gilt calf, 
 fine copy. 
 The gift of one of my particular friends. The best edition of a most important 
 publication. An edition projected and in part completed by the Record Commis- 
 sioners, has not been finished. 
 
 Sainte-Croix : Examen des Historiens d' Alexandre le Grand, par M. de 
 Sainte-Croix. 2de edition. 4to. Paris, 1810. 
 
 De I'Etat et du Sort des Anciennes Colonies. 8vo. Pliiladelpliie, 
 
 (Paris,) 1779. 
 
 • Des Anciens Gouvernements Federatifs et de la Legislation de 
 
 Crete. Svo. Philadelphie, (Paris,) 1799. 
 
 Recherclies Historiques et Critiques sur les Mysteres du Pagan- 
 
 isme, par M. de vSainte-Croix. 2de edition, revue et corrigee 
 par M. le Baron de Silvestre de Sacy. Svo. 2 vols. Phila- 
 delphie, (Paris,) 1817. Calf, ex., gilt leaves. 
 St. Pierre : Etudes de la Nature, par M. Bernardin de Saint Pierre. 
 12mo. 5 vols. Paris, 1784-5. 
 The inimitable tale of Paul and Virginia is in vol. iv. The Indian Cottage {Chau- 
 miire Indienne) is in vol. v. 
 
 Saint-Fargeau : Dictionnaire Geographique, Historique, &c., de toutes 
 les Communes de la France, illustre des Gravures, &c., par M. De 
 Saint-Fargeau. 4to. 3 vols. Paris, 1850. 
 A carefully compiled and valuable work. 
 Saint-Hilaire, Lettres sur I'Egypte de M. Svo. Paris, 1856. 
 
 An extremely -well written , interesting book. 
 Saladix — Marix : Histoire de Saladin, Sultan d'Egypte et de Syrie, par 
 
 M. Marin. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1758. 
 Sale — Korax : The Koran, or Alkoran, of Mahommed, translated into 
 English, vv^ith Explanatory Notes and a Preliminary Discourse, by 
 George Sale, Gent. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1764. Old calf, ex. 
 The great merit of this work has been very generally acknowledged. The best 
 Arabic scholars have borne testimony to the faithfulness and excellence of the 
 translation. The introductory Discourse is a very elaborate performance. It 
 describes the state of the Arabs, Jews, &c., when the Koran was originally pro- 
 mulgated, explains the doctrines inculcated in it, discriminates the sects into which 
 the Mohammedans have been divided, &c. Sale has, however, been accused of 
 partiality in the execution of this task, or of being the apologist and panegyrist, 
 rather than the historian and critic of jSIahomet and his doctrines. But the 
 imputation is entirely destitute of any good foundation. It appears to have 
 originated in the circumstance of his having, for the first time, at least in this 
 country,* endeavoured to do justice to a most important subject, which it had 
 previously been the custom to treat, generally in an ignorant, and always in a 
 prejudiced and abusive manner. 
 Sale contributed some of the most valuable portions of the ancient Universal Historj-, 
 and of the General Biographical Dictionary. 
 
:]27 
 
 Salt.exouk : Mc'moiros do Litti'raturo (p.'ir A. II. SiiUciiLrrc). 12mo. 
 4 parties en 2 tomes, a La llaye, 171o-17. Cult", j^ilt. It has lino 
 portraits of Postel, Poggio, Malherbe, and Coster of Haarlem. 
 This is an entertaining literary an-l critical miscellany, containinjr a great variety of 
 original aiticles by ditTereut authors. In the 4th part (pi). 14".i-l 02) is a Cata- 
 logue of the once famous licspiihliccc of the Klzevirs, i>ointing out the best editions 
 of each.* Though only 3t) years of age at his death in 172;5, such was Sallengre's 
 industry that, in addition to tliese MtJmoircs, he had published a Novtis Tlicsaiirns 
 Aiitiqiiiliitiim lioiiiaiuirum, folio, 3 vols., as a Sujjplement to (Jracvius, and various 
 other works. See Biographic Uuiverselle, &c. 
 S.VLTFOOT (Tilt:) CoxTUOViiRSV, as it appeared iu Blackwood's Magazine 
 (1818). 8vo. Edinburgh. Calf, ex. 
 This is a curious publication, of which only 100 copies were printed. It refers 
 principally to a genealogical question alTecting the vStewarts of Allanton, Ike. 
 Their pretensions to a royal descent appear to be of a very visionary description. 
 
 Salvadou : Ilistoire dcs Institutions de Moise ct du Pciiplc llebreu, 
 par M. J. Salvador. 3me ed. Svo. 2 vols. Paris, 1862. 
 The object of the author is to prove the truth of the statement of Bossuet, that the 
 ]\Iosaical law est fondc snr la premiere de toutes ks luis, ijui est celle de Iu nature, 
 c'esl-(i-dire, sur la droilc raison et sur Vequitc iiaturclle. — (Politique Sacrce, liv. 1.) 
 In doing this he seeks no aid from divine commands, miracles, or supernatural 
 agency of any kind, but treats the laws and institutions of Moses as he might treat 
 those of Confucius or ilahomet. He everywhere discovers great learning, 
 acuteness, and ingenuity ; and he most commonly succeeds in setting the discern- 
 ment and superior talent of the Hebrew legislator in a very striking light. But he 
 is, on the whole, less profound and philosophical than Michaelis. In some instances, 
 however, as in his vindication of the invasion of the Promised Land, and the de- 
 struction of the tribes by whom it Avas inhabited, he is the more satisfactory, or, at 
 least, plausible of the two. The great fault of the book is its all but uniform style 
 of eulogy. IMoses appears to be as incapable of doing anything wrong or ques- 
 tionable as if he had been really inspired. M. Salvador even attempts to vindicate 
 the intolerant, unsocial, and repulsive spirit of the Jewish polity ; and he boldly 
 defends the conduct of the judges and the people in the proceedings in the most 
 celebrated case that ever came before a Jewish tribunal (i. pp. 383-393). 
 
 Saxctii (Franc.) : Minerva sen De CausisLingmw Latina? Commentarius, 
 
 cum Additionlbus Scioppii, et Notis Perozouii. Ed. sexta. 8vo. Amste- 
 
 laidami, 1754. Mor., gilt leaves. 
 
 Baillet (Jugemens des Savans, ii. 311) has an article on Sanctius (Sanchez, a 
 
 Spaniard) in which this work is spoken of in the highest tenns of commendation. 
 
 Sandby : A Collection of 150 Views in England, Scotland, and Ireland, 
 draAvn by P. Sandby, Esq., R.A. Oblong folio. 2 vols. London, 1781. 
 Sandford : A Genealogical History of the Kings and Queens of England 
 and Monarchs of Great Britain, from the Conquest to the Year 1707, by 
 Francis Sandford, Esq. 2d edition, by Samuel Stebbing, E.sq. Folio. 
 London, 1707. llussia, ex., gilt leaves, Bedford. 
 Sandys : A Relation of a Journey begun Anno Domini 1610, in Four 
 Books, containing a Descri{)tion of the Turkish Emj)ire, Egypt, the Holy 
 Land, the Remote Parts of Italy, &c. 4th edition. Folio. London, 1637. 
 Fine portrait in.serted. 
 The best work on the Levant that had appeared when it was published. 
 We invite the reader's attention to the following paragraph from the preface to this 
 work : — 
 
 ♦ Pietors refers in his Annates de I'Imprimerie dcs Elzevicr (2(1 od. p. 82, ic.) to this list aa 
 giving all the ueccs.-iary information with respect to these publications. 
 
328 
 
 Sandys — cont. 
 
 " The parts I speake of are the most renowned countries and kingdomes ; once the 
 seats of most glorious and ti'iumphant empires ; the theaters of valour and 
 heroicall actions ; the soiles enriched with all earthly felicities ; the places where 
 Natiire hath produced her wonderfull works ; where arts and sciences have beene 
 invented and perfited ; where wisedome, veitue, policie, and civilitie have beene 
 planted, have flourished ; and lastly, where God himselfe did place his owne com- 
 mon-wealth, gave lawes and oracles, inspired his prophets, sent angels to converse 
 with men ; above all, where the Sonne of God descended to become man ; where 
 he honoured the earth with his beautifull steps, wrought the worke of our redemp- 
 tion, ti-iumphed over death, and ascended into glory. Which counti-ies once so 
 glorious, and famous for their happy estate, are now, through vice and ingratitude, 
 become the most deplored spectacles of extreme misery : the wild beasts of man- 
 kinde having broken in upon them, and rooted out all civilitie, and the pride of a 
 Sterne and barbarous tjTant possessing the thrones of ancient and just dominion. 
 "Who aj-ming onely at the height of greatnesse and sensualitie, hath in tract of 
 time reduced so great and goodly a part of the world to that lamentable disti-esse 
 and servitude, under which (to the astonishment of the understanding beholders) 
 it now faints and groneth. Those rich lands at this present remaine waste and 
 Overgrowne with bushes, receptacles of wild beasts, of theives and murderers, 
 large territories dispeopled, or thinly inhabited; goodly cities made desolate; 
 sumptuous buildings become iiiines, glorious temples either subverted or prosti- 
 tuted to impietie ; ti'ue religion discountenanced and oppressed ; all nobilitie 
 extinguished ; no light of learning permitted, nor vertue cherished ; violence and 
 rapine insulting over all, and leaving no securitie save to an abject mind, and 
 unlookt on povertie." 
 This most eloquent and admirable paragraph is as applicable to the countries referred 
 to at this date as it was when it was written, 250 years ago. And it may be safely 
 affirmed that it will continue to be applicable so long as these countries are sub- 
 jected to their present rulei's. It is doubtful whether the Turks are capable of any 
 considerable degree of civilization ; and though they were, the religion of 
 Mahomet opposes an invincible obstacle to any real improvement being made among 
 its votaries. And hence it is that the subjugation of the Tm-ks, or their expulsion 
 from the countries in which they have so long been pennitted to encamp, is 
 necessary as a preliminary measure to enable these countries to enter again on 
 that career in which they were of old so distinguished. 
 
 Sannazarii (A. S.) : Opera ex secundis curis Jani Broukhnsii, cum notis 
 A^ariorum, &c. 8vo. Amstelgedami, 1727. Mor., gilt leaves, fine copy. 
 Sannazaro contends with Fracastor and Vida for the superiority in writing Latin 
 poetry. His excellency in this respect is universally admitted. Salfi has given 
 an analysis of his principal poem, De Partu Virginis, with notices of the others.* 
 And Ilallam remarks upon him as follows : — 
 " Three names of great reputation adorn this period, Sannazarius, Vida, Fracastorius. 
 The first of these, Sannazarius, or San Nazaro, or Actius Sincerus, n-as a Neapo- 
 litan, attached to the fortunes of the Aragonese line of kings ; and following the 
 last of their number, Frederic, after his unjust spoliation, into France, remained 
 there till his master's death. Jluch of his poetiy was written under this reign, 
 before 1.503 ; but his principal work, De Partu Virginis, did not appear till 15:^2. 
 This has incm-red not unjust blame for the intemiixture of classical mythology, at 
 lea.st in language, with the Gospel story ; nor is the latter veiy skilfully managed. 
 But it would be difficult to find its equal for purity, elegance, and harmony of 
 versification. The imauthorized word, the doubtful idiom, the modern tm-n of 
 thought so common in Latin verse, scarce ever appear in Sannazarius. A pure taste 
 enabled him to diffuse a Virgilian hue over his language ; and a just ear, united 
 with facility in command of words, rendered his versification melodious and varied 
 beyond any competitor. The Piscatory Fclogues of Sannazarius, which are perhaps 
 ■better known, deserve at least equal praise ; they seem to breathe the beauty and 
 sweetness of that fair bay they describe. His Elegies ai*e such as may compete 
 
 * Ginpucuu and Salfi, Hist. Lit. de I'ltaiic, i. 297. 
 
.S29 
 
 SaXXAZARII (A. S.) C07lt. 
 
 ■with Tibullus. If Siinnazarius does not affect sublimity, he never sinks below his 
 aim. The sense is sonu'tinies inferior to the style, as he is not wholly free from 
 conceits; but it would probably be more diltieult to find cold and prosaic pa-ssages in 
 his works than in tliose of any other Latin poet in modern times " (i. ;")<)()). 
 Among the epigrams in this volume is the famous one on the city of Venice : — 
 " Viderat Hadriacis Venetani Neptunus in undis 
 Stare urbem, et toto ponere jura niari : 
 Nunc niihi Tarpeias (juantumvis Juppiter, arces 
 
 Objice, et ilia tui mcenia JNIartis, ait ; 
 Si pelago Tybrim prajfers, urbem aspice utramque ; 
 111am homines dices, banc posuisse deos." 
 It is said in a note to this epigram that the poet received a douceur of 400 pieces of 
 gold from the Venetian government for writing it. A liberal, certainly, if not an 
 extravagant reward, Coryat says the douceur amounted to 600 crowns (Crudities, 
 1. p. 197", ed. 177(i). 
 
 Sapiiary, L'Ecole Kolectiqiie et I'Ecole Fran^ait^o, par j\I. Svo. Paris, 1844. 
 
 SAKniKvii (]Mat. Cas.) Carmina. Editio nova. 12ino. Barboii, Paris, 
 
 17o9. Calf, gilt. 
 
 Sarbievns is usually said to be " Poelarum lyricorum post Iloratium princeps." Gro- 
 
 tius says that Sarbievns has sometimes not only equalled, but even surpassed 
 
 Horace.— (Jugemens des Savans, iv. 226.) 
 
 Sarpi. See Paolo (Fra.), and Trent, Council of. 
 
 Savage — Joiixsox : The Works of Richard Savage, Esq., -with an Account 
 
 of his Life and Writings, by Samuel Johnson, LL.D. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1777. 
 Savary : Letters on Egypt, containing a Parallel between the Manners 
 of its Ancient and Modern Inhabitants, kc, from the French 
 of M. Savary. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1787. 
 
 Letters on Greece. 8vo. London, 1788. 
 
 Sa VERTEX : Histoirc des Progres de i'Esprit Ilumain dans les Sciences 
 
 lutellectuelles, par M. Saverieu. 8vo. Paris, 1777. 
 Savixgs Baxks, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Essay on the Nature and Advantage of Parish Banks, by tlie Eev. "■ 
 
 Henry Duncan. 2d edition. 1816. 
 
 2. Observations on Banks for Savings, by J. H. Forbes, Esq., 1817. 
 
 3. Postscript to a Letter to the Editor of the Quarterly Keview, by the 
 
 same, 18 1 7. 
 
 4. Short Account of the Edinburgh Bank for Savings. 4tli edition. 
 ' 1816. 
 
 5. Progress of Savings Banks, extracted from Official Eetums of 
 
 J. Tidd Pratt, Esq. 1845. 
 
 S.\Y : Traite d'Economic Politique, &c. See Political Economy, Works on. 
 Scapulae (Joan.) Lexicon Grajco-Latinum. Folio. Amst., 1652. Old 
 
 calf, gilt. See Lexicon. 
 Scarcity, Forestalling, &c., Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Representation of the Committee of Council on Trade upon the 
 
 Pi-esent State of the Laws for Regulating the Importation and 
 Exportation of Corn, 1800. 
 
 2. Thoughts and Details on Scarcity, November 1795, by tlie late 
 
 Right Hon. Edmund Burke, 1800. 
 
 3. Inquiry into the Causes and Remedies of the Late and Present 
 
 Scarcity. 1800. 
 
 4. Short Inquiry into the Nature of Monopoly and Forestalling, by 
 
 Edward Morris, Esq. 3d edition. 1800. 
 
 }>8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 - 8vo. 1 vol 
 
330 
 
 ScAURUS (Le Palais de), ou Description d'une Maison Romaine, vers la 
 fin de la Republique (par M. de Mazois, arcliitecte.) 2de edition. 8vo. 
 Paris, 1822. Uncut, half mor. 
 
 SciiEFFER (Joa.) : De Militia Navali Veteruni, Libri IV. 4to. Ubsalia?, 
 1654. 
 
 Tableau Politique de rAUemagne, par C. A. SchefFer, with other 
 
 Tracts. Svo. Paris, 1816. 
 SciiELLER : Lexicon Totius Lalinitatis ; A Dictionary of the Latin 
 Language from the German of J. J. G. Scheller, by J. E. Riddle, 
 M.A. Folio. Oxford, 1835. 
 
 A Copious Grammar of the Latin Language, from the German 
 
 of L. F. G. Scheller, with Notes, &c. by George Walker, M.A. 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1825. Calf, gilt. 
 SciiERER : Histoire Raisonnee du Commerce de la Russie, par Jean Benoit 
 
 Scherer. Svo. 2 vols, in 1. Paris, 1788. 
 Schiller — Woltman : Histoire de la Guerre de Trente Ans, par Schiller, 
 et de la Paix de Westphalie, par M. Woltman. Svo. 2 vols. Paris, 1820. 
 ScHLEGEL — Black : A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Litera- 
 ture, by A. W. Schlegel ; translated from the original German by John 
 Black. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1815. 
 Schmalz : Le Droit des Gens Europeen, traduit de I'Allemand de M. 
 Schmalz. Svo. Paris, 1823. See, also, Political Economy, Works on. 
 Schmidt : Histoire des AUemands, traduit de I'Allemand de M. Schmidt, 
 par M. de la Veaux. Svo, 8 vols. Liege, 1784. 
 This is a valuable work. It is the fruit of a great deal of research ; and though the 
 author -was a Catholic priest, it is, on the whole, written in what may be said to 
 be a fair and impartial spirit. In addition to the history of wars and of dynas- 
 ties and their changes, veiy ample details are given of the progress of society. 
 Thus we have the history of religion; of learning, including that of schools and 
 universities; of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, with various other 
 subjects. Emperors and kings occupy their proper place in this work; but it 
 is essentially a history of the German nation ; and this circumstance makes it 
 peculiarly valuable. 
 ScHNiTZLER : Statistiquc et Itineraire de la Russie, par J. H. Schnitzler. 
 
 12mo. Paris, 1829. 
 . De la Creation de la Richesse, ou des Interets Materiels en 
 
 France. Svo. 4 vols. Paris, 1842. 
 ScHOMANN : A Dissertation on the Assemblies of the Athenians, from the 
 Latin of G. F. Schomann. Svo. Cambridge, 1838. 
 
 ScHOMBERG : Tracts by, viz. : — 
 
 An Historical and Chronological View of the Eoman Law,l)y A. C.] g^^ t ^ j 
 
 Schomberg, M.A. Oxford, 1785. ^ „ „ 
 
 A Treatise on the Maritime Laws of Rhodes. Oxford, 1786. J v^alt. 
 
 The above Tracts, with the Tract, also ascribed to Schomberg, entitled Historical 
 
 and Political Remarks on the Tariff of the Commercial Treaty of 1786, &c., 
 
 London, 1787, in 1 vol. Svo. Half mor. 
 These Tracts are brief, learned, and Avritten in a clear and interesting manner. 
 
 . The Life of Maecenas, with Critical, Historical, and Geographical 
 
 Notes, by Ralph Schomberg, M.D. 2d ed. 12mo. London, 
 1766. 
 
 Sciences PniLOSOrniQUES, Dictiounaire des. See Philosophy, History of. 
 
331 
 
 Sciriox, Ilistoire do. See Lnlour. 
 
 ScoRKSBY : An Account of the Arctic Ropjions, with a History and De- 
 scription of the Northern Whale Fishery, hy William Scoresby, 
 Jan., F.R.S.E. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1820. 
 The most complete work on the subject, and now of rather rare occurrence. 
 
 A Journal of a Voyage to the Northern Whale Fishery, including 
 
 Researches and Discoveries on the Eastern Coast of West 
 Greenland, &c. 8vo. Edinl)urgh, 1823. Uniform, calf, ex., 
 Mackenzie. 
 Scotland : Reports on the State of certain Paiishcs in Scotland, made to 
 His M:ijesty's Commissioners for Plantation of Kirks, itc., in 
 pu! suauce of their Ordnance dated April 12, 1G27. 4to. 
 Edinburirh, 1835. 
 
 Tytler's History of Scotland Examined, a Review. 12mo. Edin- 
 
 'burgh, 1848. 
 
 History of: Remarks on the History of Scotland, by Sir David 
 
 Dalrvmple, Lord Hailes, and Lord Elibank. Ediidnirgh, 
 1773, ^c. 
 
 The New Statistical Account of. 8vo. 52 Nos. Edinburgh, 
 
 V. Y. 
 — Acts of the Parliament of, from the Earliest Period to the Union, 
 
 by Thomas Thomson and Cosmo Junes, Es([uires. Folio, 
 
 11 vols. Edinburgh, V. Y. 
 ScOTSMAX, The, or Edinburgh Political and Literary Journal, from its 
 Commencement in 1817 to 1827, ,or during the period that I had any 
 connexion with it. Folio. 11 vols. Edinburgh, 1817, &c. 
 At the time when this paper was set on foot, the newspaper press of Scotland was in 
 the most degraded state imaginable, without talent, or even the pretence of 
 independence. And in truth it was then no easy matter for a Scottish journalist 
 to be independent — to criticise any act of the general government, or to hint at 
 a defect in the institutions or administration of Scotland. For, owing to the vicious 
 constitution of the criminal court, than which, indeed, no tribunal could be worse, 
 and the practice of packing juries, a prosecution at the instance of the Lord 
 Advocate against the editor, printer, or proprietor of a paper was all but certain, 
 •whatever might be the nature of the case, to terminate in his imprisonment or in 
 his being sent on a tour to the Antipodes. The Scotsman, hoM'ever, partly by 
 good management and partly by good luck, escaped this danger ; and speedily 
 attained to a large circulation and great influence. I believe, indeed, that its 
 establishment did infinitely more to liberalise jmblic opinion nor.th of the Tweed 
 than any other event that has taken place in the course of this century. The over- 
 throw of the Dundas dynast)', and of the abominable caricature of a representative 
 system that formerly existed in Scotland, were greatly facilitated by the vigorous 
 and continued exertions of the Scotsman. 
 I had nothing to do with the establishment of this journal ; but I became a contri- 
 butor to it soon after its conmiencemcnt. and was for a considerable time its editor. 
 I was succeeded in the latter capacity by ^Ir. Charles ]\Iaclaren, one of its pro- 
 jectors, an able writer, and an excellent person. Jlr. Wm. Ivitchie, a solicitor, 
 one of its projectors, was a ready contributor and most zealous for its success. 
 This has deservedly been very great. 
 
 ScoTT : Elements of Intellectual Philosophy, or an Analysis of the Powers 
 of the Human Understanding, by R. E. Scott, A.M. 8vo. 
 Edinburgh, 1805. 
 
 Inquiry into the Limits and Peculiar Objects of Physical and 
 
 Metaphysical Science, chiefly intended to illustrate the Nature 
 of Causation, by R. E. Scott. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1810. 
 
332 
 
 Scott : The Novels of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Best edition. 8vo. 
 25 vols. Edinburgh, 1852. 
 A donation from my old and much esteemed fi-iend, Mr. Black, M.P., the Publisher. 
 
 Poems, by ditto. Royal 8vo. Edinburgh, 1841. 
 
 Life of Napoleon, by ditto. Royal 8vo. Edinburgh. 
 
 Life of, by Lockhart. See Lockhart. 
 
 Scott — Ballantyne : Refutation of the Mis-statements and Calumnies 
 contained in Mr. Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart., respecting 
 the Messrs. Ballantyne. 3d edition. 8vo. London, 1838. 
 
 Scottish Descriptive Poems ; with some Illustrations of Scottish 
 Literary Antiquities, by John Leyden. Post 8vo. Edinburgh, 1803. 
 Clyde, the principal poem of this volume, and one of very considerable merit, was 
 written by John Wilson, the youngest son of a small farmer on the banks of that 
 river, born in 1720. Though of a delicate constitution, he made such progress at 
 school as procured for him the notice of some of the local magnates ; and in 1 74G 
 he was chosen parochial schoolmaster of the parish of Lesmahago. When in this 
 situation he produced his pnem of the Clyde. But in those days, when an intolerant 
 spirit was all but universally prevalent, and the author of Douglas was driven from 
 the church, the verses of Wilson, though smooth and flowing, met with little 
 encouragement. His reputation, however, as an intelligent and successful teacher, 
 extended to some distance. And the magistrates of Greenock having, amongst 
 others, heard of his merits and pursuits, and being anxious to secure his services 
 for their increasing biu-gh, without encouraging what they believed to be his 
 evil tendencies, offered him, in 1767, the situation of rector of the Grammar 
 school, with and under the express condition that he should abandon " the profane 
 and unprofitable art of poem-making .'" And Wilson, who had to choose between 
 his devotion to the IMuse on the one hand, and the claims of a wife and children 
 on the other, was reluctantly compelled to renounce the former. He adhered to 
 his engagement, and never after touched the lyre ; but he bitterly regretted his 
 hard fate ; and hence, perhaps, his discontent with his profession. In a letter 
 addressed to his son at Glasgow College, in 1779, he says, " I am condemned to 
 bawl myself to hoarseness among wayward brats, to cultivate sand, and wash 
 Ethiopians, for all the dreary days of an obscure life, the contempt of shop- 
 keepers and brutish skippers." He died in 1789. 
 
 SCRIVENOR : History of the Iron Trade, from the Earliest Records to the 
 Present Period, by Harry Scrivenor. 8vo. London, 1854. 
 
 SCROFE : Principles of Political Economy. See Works on that Science. 
 
 Seager : Supplement to Johnson's Dictionary, by the Rev. John Seager, 
 A.B. 4to. London, 1819. Calf, ex. 
 
 Search, Right of. Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Enquiry into the Eight of Visitation and Search of American "| 
 
 Vessels, by Henry Wheaton, LL.U. 1842. j 
 
 2. Etply to an iVmerican Examination of the Bight of Search, by ! 
 
 an Englishman, 1842. ( 8"^0- 1 vol. 
 
 3. Letter on the Questions of International Law raised in the Message 
 of the American President, by Eobert Phillimore, 1842. 
 
 ■ Visitation and Search ; an Historical Sketch of the British Claim 
 
 to exercise a Maritime Police over the Vessels of all Nations in 
 
 Peace as well as in War, by W. B. Lawrence. 8vo. Boston 
 
 ((J. S.), 1858. 
 
 Selbt : A History of British Forest Trees, indigenous and introduced, by 
 
 P. J. Selby, F.L.S., &c. 8vo. London, 1842. 
 
 This is a well-written and an interesting work. The numerous woodcuts (nearly 
 
 200) by which it is illustrated are both beautiful and accurate. It is in all respects, 
 
 indeed, worthy alike of the reputation of its distinguished author and of the subject. 
 
333 
 
 Sklden : The Table Talk of John SrUkii, Ks(i , with a JJio?;vapliical 
 Preface and Notes by !S. W. Singer, Esq. Tost 8vo. 
 3d edit. London, 18()0. Large pajier. 
 
 with Notes by David Irving, Esq., LL.D. Post 8vo. 
 
 Edinburgh, 18o4. 
 
 Seldf-XI (Joan. J. C.) : De DiisSyris. Syntagmata II. Editio novissinia. 
 
 12nio. Lugd. Bat. (Elzevir), 1G29. 
 ■ Additamentis et Indicibus copiosissimis locuplctata A. Beyeri. 
 
 Post 8vo. Amstelodami, 1G80. Calf, gilt leaves. 
 Gibbon speaks in the hifrhest tcmis of this work : — " Le petit traito de Selden de 
 Diis Syris est un chef-d'ceuvre d'erudition. Tout ce que les recherches k's plus 
 singiilieres peuvent Iburnir de curji-ux sur cettc niatiere, ce savant honnne I'a mis 
 en oeuvre. S. Bochart, excellent juge en cette niaticre, Tappele Ubellum aureum ; et 
 le colcbre Vossius I'a presqu'entierement copio dans son traito de I'idohitrie, qui est 
 aussi dans son genre ce que nous avons de plus acheve. Sca;dius, a I'imitation de 
 8elden, a fait aussi un traito des diviniti's Gerniaines. Mais excepte ce qu'il puise 
 dans I'auteiu" anglois, il n'a rien de fort curieux ; ce sont des rechcrcli€s vagues, 
 des conjectures souvent sans ibndement, et qui apprennent peu de chose." — (Alisc. 
 "Works, V. 507.) 
 Gibbon says that he used the edition of Leyden, 1629. But it wants the valuable 
 additions of Beyer, which are nearly as large as the original work. 
 
 • Mare Clausum. See Maritime Law. For Life of Selden, see 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Selkirk : Observations on the Present State of the Highlands of Scot- 
 land, with a View of the Causes and Probable Consequences of 
 Emigrationj^by the Earl of Selkirk. 2d edition. 8vo. Edinburgh, 
 1806. 
 
 SEiirERE : Considerations sur les Causes de la Grandeur et de la Deca- 
 dence de la Mouarchie Espaguole, par M. Sempere. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 Paris, 1826. 
 
 Sejip^re y Guarinos : Historia del Luxo, y de las Leyes Suntuarias de 
 Espaiia, por Don Juan Sempere y Guarinos. 12mo. Madrid, 1788. 
 
 Septennial Act, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. A Compleat History of the Late Septennial Parliament, 1722. ~| 
 
 2. The Benefits and Advantages (iain'd by the Late Septennial Parlia- | 
 
 ment, Set in a Clear Light by their Acts and Deeds. 2d edition. 
 
 3. A True and Correct Jiist of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, as 
 
 also of the IIou.se of Commons, 1722. 
 
 4. A Letter of Advice to the Freeholders of Great Britain, 1722. J> gvo, 1 vol. 
 
 5. The Clergyman's Caution to tlie Freeholders of Great Britain, 
 
 1722. 
 
 6. The Danger of Mercenary Parliaments, with a Preface, by the 
 
 Editor of the Earl of Shaftesbury's Letters to Lord Molesworth, 
 1722. 
 
 Serres : Voyage dans le Tyrol et une Partie de la Baviere pendant I'Annee 
 1811, par Marcel de Serres. Bvo. 2 vols. Paris, 1823. 
 
 Serviez : Les Imperatrices Romaines, ou Ilistoire de la Vie et des In- 
 trigues des Femmes de Douze Cicsars, de eel les des Empereurs Remains 
 et des Princesses de leur Sang, par M. de Serviez. 12nio. 3 vols. 
 Paris, 1744. 
 
 Session, Court of: An Historical Account of the Senators of the College 
 of Justice, from its Institution in 1532, by George Bruuton and David 
 Huig. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1832. 
 
334 
 
 Sethos. See Terasson. 
 
 Sevigne — AuBENAs : Histoire de Madame de Sevigne, de sa Famille, et 
 des ses Amis, &c.. par J. A. Aubenas. 8vo. Paris^ 1842. 
 
 . Lettres de Madame de Sevigne, de sa Famille, et des ses Amis, 
 
 avec Ics Notes de tous les Commentateurs. 8vo. 12 vols. 
 Paris, 1826. Calf, ex. 
 These Letters have heen the theme of very general praise, and it -would indeed be 
 difficult to speak of them too highly. They form, perhaps, the only great work that 
 was ever composed without a thought of the public. The excess of affection which 
 the authoress lavishes on all occasions upon her daughter Madame Grignan is apt to 
 become rather wearisome. But the style is so refined, and, at the same time, so easy, 
 free, and natural, that it can hardly fail to make everything interesting. And she 
 has in perfection the art of setting any jnatter in the clearest light by a few origi- 
 nal and unexpected touches. Many of her Letters refer only to things of trifling 
 interest ; but in others she notices subjects of the greatest importance, such as the 
 cabals and contentions of the Com-t, the prosecution of Fouquet, the death of 
 Turenne, SiC And in her brief sketches she has invested these topics with 
 an interest which is not given to them by the lengthened eflPorts of the most 
 eloquent lawyers, preachers, and writers. This extraordinary woman has certainly 
 carried the art of letter writing nearer to perfection than any one else. Pro- 
 bably, indeed, she has brought it to that impassable limit. Madame de Sevigne 
 died the 18th April 1696. 
 
 Seymour : Eussia on tlie Black Sea and the Sea of Azof, by H. D. Sey- 
 mour, Esq., M.P. 8vo. Loudon, 1855. 
 Shaftesbury : Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, and Times, by 
 the Right Hon. Anthony Earl of Shaftesbury. 8vo. 3 vols. Baskerville, 
 Birmingham, 1773. Russia, ex., fine. 
 " His lordship can express nothing with simplicity. He seems to have considered it 
 as vulgar, and beneath the dignity of a man of quality, to speak like other men. 
 Hence he is ever in buskins, and dressed out with magnificent elegance. In every 
 sentence we see the marks of labour and art ; nothing of that ease which expresses 
 a sentiment coming natural and warm from the heart. Of figures and ornament 
 of every kind he is exceedingly fond, sometimes happy in them, but his fondness 
 for them is too visible ; and having once laid hold of some metaphor or allusion 
 that pleased him, he knows not how to part with it. What is most wonderful, he 
 was a pi'ofessed admirer of simplicity ; is always extolling it in the antients, 
 and censuring the moderns for the want of it, though he departs from it himself 
 as far as any one modern whatever. Lord Shaftesbury possessed delicacy and 
 refinement of taste to a degree that we may call excessive and sickly, but he had 
 little warmth of passion ; few sti'ong or vigorous feelings ; and the coldness of his 
 character led him to that artificial and stately manner which appears in his writ- 
 ings. He was fonder of nothing than of wit and railleiy ; but he is far from being 
 happy in it. He attempts it often, but always awkwardly. He is stiff even in his 
 pleasantry ; and laughs in form, like an author, and not like a man." — (Blair's 
 Lectures, ii. 40.) 
 Bad, however, as his lordship's style undoubtedly is, he has had many imitators. 
 Of these Dr. Blackwell of Aberdeen, author of a Life of Homer, Letters on Mytho- 
 logy, and the Court of Augustus (see Blackwell), was, perhaps, the most distin- 
 tinguished. But his learning and genius are more than neutralised by his efforts 
 to copy the style and manner of Shaftesbury, which have almost necessarily led to 
 the exaggeration of both. 
 
 Shakespeare. See Dramatic Works. 
 
 Sharp : Letters and Essays in Prose and Verse, by Richard Sharp, Esq. 
 
 8vo, London, 1834. 
 
 These essays, though otherwise of no great value, are elegantly written, and do 
 
 credit to the taste and liberality of the author. The latter was, indeed, in many 
 
 respects, a very remarkable person. This will be evident fi'om the following 
 
 statements which we borrow from a late number of Eraser's Magazine : — 
 
335 
 
 " Richard Sharp, generally called ' Conversation Sharp,' was the son of a British 
 otlicer who died in the child's infancy. He was born in Hritish America, in 17(13. 
 AiTivin<]c young in England, he had to work his way up-hill in lite, and was first 
 employed in the shop of a city hatter. He succeeded this worthy tradesman in 
 business, and afterwards, when he had amassed a considerable capital, became a 
 member of the well-known firm of Hodiiigton and Sharp, West Indian merchants. 
 While in this house he was elected M.V. for the bor. of t'a.stle Rising, in Norfolk, 
 for which place he sat in more ihan one parliament, and he subsecpiently sat for 
 Portarlington. Sharp, as well as his friend Mackintosh, liked to dabble in 
 joiu-nalism, and contributed to the ' Morning Chronicle' in the long interval between 
 1790 and 1821 ; but he is best known as the author of a delightful little work, 
 ■written in the purest Knglish, and entitled Essays and Letters. It was published, 
 if I mistake not, in 1833 or 1834." 
 
 SiiAKPE : The Ilistoiy of Eiiypl, by Samuel Sharpe. 8vo. Loudon, 
 1846. 
 Subjoined to this Work are tlie Chronology and Geography of Ancient Egypt. 
 
 Shaav : Travels, oi' Observations relative to several Parts of Barbary and 
 
 the Levant, by Thomas Shaw, D.D. 2d edition. 4to. London, 1757. 
 
 Uncut, calf, ex. 
 
 Dr. Shaw was, perhaps, the most learned Englishmen -who has visited the Levant, and 
 
 he was also a careful obsers-er, and a good writer. lie resided for a lengthened 
 
 period in the countries which he describes, and his travels are of the highest 
 
 excellence. It would, indeed, be no easy matter to refer to a more perfect specimen 
 
 of what such, works ought to be. 
 
 Shee : Elements of Art, a Poem in Six Cantos, with Notes and a Preface, 
 
 by Martin Archer Shee, R. A. 8vo. London, 1809. 
 Sheffield : Observations on the Manufactures, Trade, &c., of Ireland, 
 
 by John Lord Sheffield. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1785. 
 Shelvocke : A Voyage Round the World, by Way of the Great South 
 Sea, by Captain George Shelvocke. Many plates. 2d edition. 8vo. 
 London, 1757. Old calf, fine. 
 Shenstoxe : The Works, in Verse and Prose, of William Shenstone, Esq. 
 
 12mo. 3 vols. London, 1765-69. Calf, ex. 
 Shepherd : Life of Poggio Bracciolini, by the Rev. W. Shepherd, LL.D. 
 2d edition. 8vo. Liverpool, 1837. 
 The success of Roscoe's Life of Lorenzo de Medici appears to have stimulated his 
 friend, the Rev. Dr. Shepherd, an Unitarian clergyman of Liverpool, to undertake 
 the Life of Poggio Bracciolini. It is an elaborate work, the fruit of much careful 
 and discriminating research. Poggio, a Florentine citizen, born in i;580, was 
 instructed by the most eminent scholars of his day, and is reckoned among the 
 principal restorers of a taste for classical learning, lie was employed officially by 
 no fewer than eight successive popes, was engaged in various missions, and visited 
 England and other countries. But he was particularly distinguished by his 
 energj- in searching for, and his success in recovering copies of the manuscripts of 
 the ancient classics. Among these were Quinctilian's Institutes, Columella on 
 Husbandry, Silius Italicus, Vegetius, and others. He was an eye witness of the trial 
 and execution of Jerome of Prague; and has given a singularly interesting 
 account of the fortitude, self-possession, and noble bearing displayed by Jerome 
 during that most atrocious proceeding. We subjoin an extract: — 
 " It may be mentioned as the greatest proof of Jerome's abilities, that though he 
 •was frequently interrupted by various noises, and was teased by some people who 
 cavilled at his expressions, he replied to them all, and compelled them either to 
 blush or to be silent. When the clamour incommoded him, he ceased speaking, 
 and sometimes reproved those who disturbed him. He then coatinued his speech, 
 
336 
 
 SnEP HERD — cont. 
 
 begging and entreating them to suffer him to speak, since this was the last time 
 they would hear him. He was never terrified by the murmurs of his adversaries, 
 but' uniformly maintained the firmness and intrepidity of his mind. It was a 
 wonderful instance of the strength of his memory, that though he had been con- 
 fined three hundred and forty days in a dark dungeon, where it was impossible 
 for him to read, and where he must have daily suffered from the utmost anxiety of 
 mind, yet he quoted so many learned writers in defence of his opinions, and sup- 
 ported his sentiments by the authority of so many doctors of the church, that any 
 one would have been led to believe that he had devoted all the time of his impri- 
 sonment to the peaceful and undistm'bed study of philosophy. His voice was 
 sweet, clear, and sonorous ; his action dignified, and well adapted either to express 
 indignation, or to excite compassion, which, however, he neither asked nor wished 
 for. He stood undaunted and intrepid, not merely contemning, but like another 
 Cato longing for death. He was a man worthy to be held in everlasting remem- 
 brance. I do not commend him for entertaining sentiments hostile to the consti- 
 tution of the church ; but I admire his learning, his extensive knowledge, the 
 suavity of his eloquence, and his ability in reply. But I am afi-aid that all these 
 endowments were bestowed on him by nature in order to effect his destruction. 
 As he was allowed two days for repentance, several learned men, and amongst the 
 rest the Cardinal of Florence, visited him, with a view of persuading him to change 
 his sentiments, and tm-n from the error of his ways. But as he pertinaciously per- 
 sisted in his false notions, he was condemned as guiltj' of heresy, and consigned to 
 the flames. No stoic ever suffered death with such constancy of mind. AVhen he 
 arrived at the place of execution, he stripped himself of his garments, and knelt 
 down before the stake, to which he was soon after tied with wet ropes and a 
 chain. Then great pieces of wood, intermixed with straw, were piled as high as 
 his breast. When fire was set to the pile, he began to sing a hymn, which was 
 scarcely interrupted by the smoke and flame. I must not omit a striking circum- 
 stance, which shows the firmness of his mind. "When the executioner was going 
 to apply the fire behind him, in order that he might not see it, he said, ' Come this 
 way, and kindle it in my sight ; for had I been afraid of it, I should never have 
 come to this place.' Thus perished a man in every respect exemplary, except in 
 the eiToneousness of his faith. I was a witness of his end, and obsei-ved every par- 
 ticular of its process. He may have been heretical in his notions, and obstinate 
 in persevering in them, but he certainly died like a philosopher. I have rehearsed 
 a long story, as I wished to employ my leisure in relating a transaction which 
 surpasses the events of ancient history. For neither did Mutius suffer his hand to 
 be burnt so patiently as Jerome endm-ed the burning of his whole body, nor did 
 Socrates drink the hemlock as cheerfully as Jerome submitted to the fire." — 
 (Shepherd, p. 77.) 
 This paragraph will prepare the reader for learning that Poggio has in many places 
 forcibly exposed the hypocrisy, avarice, and other vices of the clergy. And for 
 these and other reasons he had many warm friends and not a few bitter enemies. 
 With some of the latter he carried on controversies, in which he indulges, after the 
 fashion of his day and of his opponents, in the most outrageous abuse. — (Shepherd, 
 p. 456.) He died in 1459, 
 
 Sheridan : The Life of the Rev. Dr. Jonathan Swift, by Thomas She- 
 ridan, A.M. 2d edition. London, 1787. 
 
 . — Lectures on Elocution, by. 8vo. London, 178 L 
 
 . A Complete Dictionary of the English Language, with regard 
 
 both to Sound and Meaning, by, &c. 4th edition. 2 vols. 
 London, 1797. Russia. 
 
 . See Moore. 
 
 Sheriff : A Tour through North America, containing a Comprehensive 
 View of Canada and the United States, by Patrick Sherifl; Farmer. 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1835. 
 
337 
 
 Sherlock: Several Discourses preached nt (he Teinpk' Chiireh. hy 
 Thomas Sherhiek, D.I). ()lh edition. 8vo. G vols. Loudou, 1772. 
 OM calf, gilt. 
 
 SnirLEY : The Works of Jonatlian Shipley, D.D., Bishop of St. Asaph. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1792. 
 Short : New Observations, Natural, Moral, Civil, Political, and Medical, 
 on City, Town, and Country Bills of Mortality, &c., by Thomas 
 Short,' M.D. 8vo. London, 17o0. 
 
 A Comparative History of the Increase and Decrease of Mankind 
 
 in Enjrland, and several Countries Abroad, &c., by Thomas 
 Short,'M.D, 4to. London, 1767. 
 Shuckford : The Sacred and Profane History of the World Connected, 
 by Samuel Shuckford, D.D. 3d edition. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1743. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 SiBBALD : The History, Ancient and Modern, of the Sheriffdoms of Fife 
 and Kinross, with a Description of both, &c., by Sir Robert Sibbald, 
 M.D. A new edition, with Notes and Illustrations. 8vo. Cupar, Fife, 
 1803. 
 
 Sibylline Oracles, Works on, viz. : — 
 
 Sibyllina Oracula collecta, et Notis illustrata, Johanne Opsopjeo ; 
 
 cum luterpretatioue Latina Sebastian! Castalionis. 8vo. Paris, 
 
 1607. 
 Crasset : Dissertation sur les Oracles des Sibylles, par le Rev. Pere 
 
 J. Crasset. 12mo. Paris, 1678. 
 Translated from the best Greek Copies, and compared with the 
 
 Sacred Prophecies, &c., by Sir John Floyer, Knight. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1713. 
 This is the best I^nglish translation of the Sibylline Oracles, in the authenticity of 
 which (Sir John was a firm believer. 
 
 A Vindication of the Sibylline Oracles, by William AVhiston, M.A 
 
 8vo. London, 1715. 
 The Sibylline Prophecies were oracles, or predictions, said to have been delivered by 
 female soothsayers, and had a very high reputation. Everybody is acquainted 
 with the story of the sibyl who ottered nine books of prophecies to Tanjuin the 
 Proud for a certain sum, and he, thinking the price too much, refused to buy them. 
 The sibyl then took them, and having burned three books, demanded the same 
 price for the six ; but this oifer being also declined, she burat three more, when 
 the king, whose curiosity had been excited, and who feared lest the whole might 
 be destroyed, consented to buy the remaining three books at the price originally 
 asked lor the nine ! The books said to have been obtained after this interesting, 
 but apochryphal looking negotiation, were preserved with tlie greatest care in the 
 Capitol till its destruction by fire in the time of Sylla, B.d 83, when tliey were 
 involved in its fate. They were consulted only on rare occasions, and then 
 with nmch solemnity. After the loss of the original sibylline books, others were 
 collected at different times from different parts of Italy and Sicily ; but they did 
 not enjoy anything like the consideration that attached to the original books. 
 Latterly they consisted principally of forgeries, made with a pious intention bj' 
 the Christians, who resorted lo this device to make it be believed that the sibyls 
 had foretold the coming of C hrist ! The spuriousness of the prophecies collected 
 by Opsopseus and others is now universally admitted. Some of them may be 
 ancient ; but there are no means, except in extreme cases, of distinguishing thera 
 from such as are more recent, or that have been tampered witli. 
 We do not think that the loss of the old sibylline books is much to be regretted. 
 They must have been sad trash. The predictions derived from these books ,likc 
 
 Y 
 
1 vol. 
 
 338 
 
 SiBYLLixE Oracles, Works on — cont. 
 
 the responses of Delphi, Dodona, &c., would, no doubt, frequently appear to be 
 singularly pertinent ; but this -was owing to the sagacity of the priests or others 
 by whom the books were consulted or the oracles interpi'eted. They could make 
 anything of unintelligible ravings that they pleased. 
 There is an excellent "article on the Sibylline Oracles in Banier, Traite de Mytho- 
 logie, i. pp. 334-363, edit. 1738. It exiausts the subject. 
 
 Siebold: Manners and Customs of the Japanese in the Nineteenth 
 Century from recent Dutcli Visitors of Japan, and the German of 
 Dr. Ph. Fr. Von Siebold. 8vo. London, 1841. 
 
 Silk ai^d Wool, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Speeches of Mr. J. Williams, Eight Hon. Wm. Huskisson and 
 
 Eight Jlon. George Canning, in the House of Commons, 24th 
 February 1826, on the Silk^Trade, 1826. 
 
 2. A View of the Silk Trade, by Eichard Badnall, Esq. 1828. 
 
 3. Mr. Badnall's Eeply to the Eemarks of Mr. Ballance on the Silk 
 
 Trade, 1829. 
 
 4. Brief Eeplv to the Second Pamphlet of Mr. R. Badnall, jun., on 
 
 the Silk trade, by John Ballance, 1829. 
 
 5. Speech of C. Foulett Thomson, Esq., M.P., in the House of 
 
 Commons, on 14th April 1829, on the State of the Silk Trade, 
 1829. 
 
 6. The Wool Question Considered, by James Bischoff, 1828. 
 
 SiMOK on Irish Coins. See Money, Works on. 
 
 SiMOND : Journal of a Tour and Residence in Great Britain during the 
 Years 1810 and 1811, by Louis Simond. 2d edition. 8vo. 
 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1817. 
 
 A Tour in Italy and Sicily, by L. Simond. 8vo. London, 1828. 
 
 SiMSON, Robert, M.D., the foIloAving Works of, viz. : — 
 
 Euclidis Elementorum Libri Priores VI., tl-c. See Classics, &c. 
 
 The same Work in English. See Classics, &c. 
 
 Apolonii Pergaji Locorum Planorum Libri IL, restituit, &c. 4to. 
 
 Foulis, Glasguae, 1749. 
 Sectionum Conicarum Libri V. Editio secunda. 4to. Edinburgi, 
 
 1750. 
 . Opera quasdam reliqua Geometrica post mortein Auctoris in lucem 
 
 edita, impensis Philippi Comitis Stanhope, cura Jacobi Clow. 
 
 4to. Foulis, Glasguse, 1776. 
 
 Earl Stanhope printed at his own expense 300 copies of this volume, which he dis- 
 tributed as presents to the principal libraries, and the most celebrated mathema- 
 ticians, of this country and the continent. As no copies were sold the book has 
 always been very scarce. A full account of the circumstances connected with 
 its publication was given by IMr. Clow, the editor, in a letter written in 1777, 
 addressed to the Hon. Mr. E., a copy of which is inserted in this copy of the 
 work. 
 
 The above vols., with the exception of the English Euclid, uniform in Russia. 
 
 Account of the Life and Writings of, by the Rev. William Traill, 
 
 LL.D. 4to. Bath, 1812. Russia, uniform with Latin Works. 
 
 Dr. Simson, who was bom in 1687 and died in 1768, was distinguished by the zeal 
 with which he sought to revive the methods of the ancient geometers, and by the 
 success which attended his efforts. This is set forth in the following inscription. 
 
330 
 
 SiMSOX — CO)tt. 
 
 written under his portrait in the College Hall, Glasgow, viz. :—(7c(MHe^ri</m sub 
 Tj/ramw harbaro sa-va scrvititte diu sinuikntcm, in Uhcrtatem et dccus antiquum 
 vindicavil unus. 
 
 Sinclair's History of tlio Pulilic Rovonuo. Sec Taxation, Works on, 
 
 ■ ^Scotticisms, or Observatious on the Scotlisli Dialect. 8vo. London 
 
 17S2. 
 
 Sixr.KR : Researclies into the History of Playinp; Cards, with Illnstrations 
 of tlie Ori^rin of Printing and Eiiirraving on Wood, by S. W. Sin'^er. 
 4to. London, 18 IG. Calf, ex., H'. & B. 
 
 This scarce and valuable work embodies a great deal of learned and elaborate 
 research relating to the subjects referred to, and others connected therewith. 
 
 Uniform, 
 
 SiSMOXDi : Histoire des Republiques Italiennes du Moyen" 
 
 Ago, par J. C. L. Simoiide de Sismondi. 2dc i i w 
 
 edition. 8vo. 10 vols. Paris, 1840. f "'^'^ "^or., 
 
 Histoire des Franfais. 8vo. 31 vols. Paris, V.Y. J ""*-'«»• 
 
 Sismondi is conscientious and liberal. But in his History of the Italian Eepublics 
 he attempted a task in which it could hardly be expected that he should succeed. 
 The republics were so numerous, the affairs of each were so much interwoven 
 with those of others, and often so obscure, that to bring the history of the whola 
 into one general and distinct narrative must, if practicable, be a work of extreme 
 ditHculty. And though he has not been able entirely to overcome these obstacles, 
 for his naiTative is sometimes confused and sometimes tedious, yet. on the whole, 
 he is more luminous and interesting than could have been reasonably anticipated. 
 
 His History of France is superior to that of the Italian Kepublics. The subject has 
 greater continuity, and is of vastly grer^ter importance. The author, however, is 
 unequal to so great a theme. The narrative is, indeed, impartial and compara- 
 tively clear ; but it often displays a narrow sectarian .spirit ; and the reflections, 
 though in general just, are, like thoi^e in the Italian Republics, deficient in depth 
 and originality. He, in truth, had neither the vigour of mind nor of style required 
 in a great historian. 
 
 Skene, Sir John. See Rcgiam Majestatcm. 
 
 Sktxxer : The Life of General Monk, Duke of Albemarle, by Thomas 
 vSkinner, M.D. Svo. London, 1724. Calf, ex. 
 
 Skrixe : A General Account of all the Rivers of Note in Great Britain, 
 by Henry Skrine, Esq., LL.B. Svo. London, 1801. 
 
 Smart : Tables of Interest, Discount, Annuities, &c., by John Smart, Gent. 
 4to. London, 1726. Mor. ex. 
 
 Smellie : The Philosophy of Natural History, by Wm. Smellie, F.R.S. Ed. 
 4to. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1790-1799. Russia, ex. 
 
 Smellie — Kerr : Memoirs of the Life, Writings, &c., of William Smellie, 
 by Robert Kerr, F.R.S., &c. Svo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1811. 
 
 Smellie was a meritorious individual ; and his Life, had it been confined within 50 
 or even 100 pages, would have been a desirable acquisition. But two pretty large 
 volumes upon such a subject are no better than an attempt to convert a mole-hill 
 into a mountain. No doubt they are eked out with notices of Dr. Gilbert Stuart 
 and others. Still, however, the work is at least four or five times as large as it should 
 have been. 
 
 Y 2 
 
340 
 
 Smiles: Lives of the Engineers, with an Acconnt of their principal Works ; 
 compi-ising, also, a History of Inland Communication in Britain, by- 
 Samuel Smiles, 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1861. 
 
 " Bid Harbom-s open. Public "Ways extend ; 
 Bid Temples, -northier of God, ascend ; 
 Bid the broad Arch the dang'rous flood cont.:in, 
 The Mole projected, break the roaring main ; 
 Back to his bounds their subject sea command, 
 And roll obedient rivers through the land. 
 These honours, Peace to happy Britain brings ; 
 These are imperial works, and worthy kings." 
 
 Pope. 
 Mr. Smiles has given in this work very interesting biographical notices of our most 
 eminent engineers ; with ample and authentic details in regard to the origin and 
 progress of the great works in which they have been engaged. There are, indeed, 
 few more valuable publications. 
 
 Smith: Works of the Rev. Sjdnev Smith. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1845. 
 Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Ditto, in 1 vol. London, 1850. 
 
 Elementary Sketches of Moral Philosophy. Svo. London, 1850. 
 
 Sermons. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1809. 
 
 Memoirs of the Life of, by his daughter (Lady Holland), Avith a 
 
 Selection from his Correspondence (by Mrs. Austin). Svo. 
 2 vols. London, 1855. 
 
 I had the honour to be acquainted with Sydney Smith. His works will transmit 
 his name to the latest posterity as one of the ablest thinkers and best writers that 
 this countrj' has produced. He combined the greatest clearness and force of ex- 
 pression with strength of argument and vivacity. Some of his articles are 
 quite irresistible, and contributed more than anything else to bring about the 
 measures which he recommended. His wit. in which he was prone to indulge, 
 though pungent and pertinent, was never personal or offensive. Perhaps he was 
 too fond of jokes and joking ; but, if so, his perfect good humour, and the zest 
 with which he enjoyed whatever was well said, either by others or by himself, 
 became so verj- contagious that every one went along with him. His conversa- 
 tional remarks, whether of a serious or ludicrous cast, were uniformly terse, to the 
 point, and pregnant with good sense. He had no wish, like some great ta kers 
 of his day, to engross an undue share of the conversation. On the contrarj-, he 
 was always ready to give way to others; and was distinguished by the brevity as 
 much as by the vigour, the wit, and the aptness of his observations. 
 
 The Works of Adam Smith, LL.D., comprising Accounts of his 
 
 Life and Writings, by Dugald Stewart and J. R. M'Calloch, 
 with a Discourse prefixed to the Wealth of Nations, by the 
 latter, and new Title Pages. Svo. 5 vols. 1811 and 1855. 
 Half mor., uncut. 
 This copy of the work is unique. 
 
 Wealth of Nations. See Political Economy. 
 
 Moral Sentiments. 6th edition, Svo. 2 vols. London, 1790. 
 
 Do. 7th edition. (With Life of the Author, by J. R. M'C, and 
 
 Two portraits.) Svo. 2 vols. London, 1792. Calf, ex. 
 Smith had been engaged for a very cons'derable period in the composition of this 
 work, which is finished throughout with the greatest care. It is bottomed on the 
 principle that sympathy forms the real foundation of morals ; that we do not 
 immediately approve or disapprove of an action on becoming acquainted with the 
 intention of the agent and the consequences of what he has done, but that we pre- 
 
341 
 
 Smith — cont. 
 
 vioiisly enter, by means of that sjnnpafhctic affection wliich is natural to lis, into 
 the feelings of the agent and those to whom the action relates ; that, having con- 
 sidered all the motives and passions by m hich the agent was actuated, we pronounce 
 with respect to the propriety or impropriety of the action, according as we sympa- 
 tliise or not with liim ; while we pronounce, with respect to the merit or demerit 
 of the action, according as we sympathise with the gratitude or resentment of those 
 who were its objects, and that we necessarily judge of our conduct by comparing 
 it with such maxims and rules as we have deduced from obsersations previously 
 made on the conduct of others. 
 
 " Whatever judgment," says Smith, " we form with respect to our own motives and 
 actions, must always bear some secret reference either to what are, or to what, 
 upon a certain condition, would be, or to what we imagine ought to be, the judg- 
 ment of others. \Ve endeavour to examine our own conduct as we imagine any 
 other fair and impartial spectator would examine it. If, upon placing ourselves in 
 his situation, we tiioroughly enter into all the passions and motives which in- 
 fluenced it, we approve of it by sympathy with the approbation of this supposed 
 equitable judge. If otherwise, we enter into his disapprobation, and condemn it." 
 
 Several, and as it is now generally admitted, some unanswerable objections have been 
 urged against this very ingenious theory. But whatever opinion may be enter- 
 tained with regard to the truth of the leading principle which it invoIve.s, the 
 Theory of Moral Sentiments is incomparably the best, or rather it is the only 
 great ethical work in the English language. It everywhere evinces great 
 ingenuity, subtlety, and depth of thought. These, however, are the least of its 
 excellencies. Its conclusions are all practical, just, and true. The different 
 passions, affections, and characters of the different classes of men are delineated 
 with singular fidelity. "What is proper and praiseworthy in them is carefully 
 discriminated from what is improper and blameworthy. The disturbing influences 
 of fortune and of custom over our estimates of merit and demerit are skilfully appre- 
 ciated ; and the soundest maxims for the regulation of our conduct under every 
 variety of circumstances are everywhere met with, and set in so clear a light that 
 they are impressed even on the most careless readers. The style, which is un- 
 affected, copious, and eloquent, gives additional force to the powerful recommenda- 
 tions of generous, upright, and viituous conduct, that are profusely scattered 
 throughout the work. 
 
 The accounts which Smith has given in his last volume of the principal systems of 
 moral philosophy are infinitely superior to anything of the kind that had previously 
 appeared ; and are said by an excellent judge, M. Cousin, to be imbued with the 
 true spirit of philosophical histoiy. The account of the "Stoical rhilosophy" 
 deserves especial notice. It is an admirable exposition of a difficult subject, and is 
 as correct in its statements as it is felicitous in its language. 
 
 Life of, by J. R. M'CuUoch, (50 copies printed.) Edinburgh, 
 
 1855. 
 
 Do. One of two copies printed on vellum. 
 
 Accounts of Cork, Kerry, and Wuterford, l)y Chiirles Smith. See 
 
 Ireland, Works on. 
 
 Chronicon Rusticum Commerciale, or Memoirs of Wool, &c., by 
 
 John Smith, LL.B. 2d edition. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1757. 
 
 This is one of the most carefully compiled and valuable works that has been pub- 
 lished on the history of any branch of trade. It brings together from eveiy source, 
 however remote, and mostly in the words of the author, almost all the information 
 that had been previously given to the world respecting the progress of the woollen 
 trade and manufacture, more especially in Great Uritain, and incidentally throws 
 a strong and steady light on other deiiartments of economical history. 
 
 The common rule ha.s been reversed in the publication of this work ; the 1st edition 
 having been in 8vo, whereas the 2nd edition, which appeared in 1757, ten years 
 after the former, wa.s, as seen above, in 4to. Neither edition is common, and the 
 latter is very scarce. 
 
Half mor. 
 >. uniform, 
 
 uncut. 
 
 342 
 
 Smith : Notes made during a Tour in the Northern Countries of Europe, 
 with Observations on the Foreign Corn Trade, by R. Smith, 
 Esq. 8vo. London, 1827. 
 
 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, by " 
 
 William Smith, LL.D., and others. 8vo. Lon- 
 don, 1848. 
 
 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and 
 
 Mythology. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1849. 
 
 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. London, ] 855, &c. 
 These are very ufseful and valuable works ; and a vast improvement on those of the 
 same description in circulation when they appeared. 
 
 A New and Abridged Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mytho- 
 
 logy, and Geography. 8vo. London, 1850. 
 
 A New Latin and English Dictionary, 8vo. London, 1855. 
 
 ■ Tracts on the Corn Trade and Corn Laws, &c., by Charles Smith, 
 
 with Life of the Author and additions by G. Chalmers. 8vo. 
 London, 1804. 
 
 These tracts are by far the best of the earlier works on the com trade, or of those 
 published previously to the appearance of the Wealth of Nations. They contain 
 much valuable information in regard to the com laws of England and other 
 countries ; the prices, imports, and exports of com ; the sums paid in bounties on 
 exportation ; the numbers of the people (of England) using different sorts of 
 corn, the quantities used of each, &c. The well-informed author, an extensive 
 miller, was killed by a fall from his horse in 1777. 
 
 A New Voyage to Guinea, describing the Customs, &c. of the 
 
 Natives, by William Smith, Esq. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 
 1745. 
 
 Harmonics, or the Philosophy of Musical Sounds, by Robert Smith, 
 
 D.D., F.R.S. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1759. 
 
 • A Compleat System of Opticks, in Four Books, by the same. 4to. 
 
 2 vols. Cambridge, 1738. Calf, ex. 
 Smith's Thucydides. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 ' Rejected Addresses, or the New Theatrum Poetarum, by James 
 
 and Horace Smith. 18th ed. 12mo. London, 1833. 
 One of the best poetical jeux iTesprit that has ever been published. The imitations 
 of Wordsworth and Sir Walter Scott are all but perfect, and some of the others 
 are of nearly equal merit. 
 
 Smollett : Plays and Poems, by T. Smollett, M.D. 12mo. London, 
 
 1777. 
 Travels through France, Italy, he. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1766. 
 In vol. ii. p. 197, is a remarkable anticipation of the French Revolution. 
 . The History of England from the Revolution to the Death of 
 
 George IL 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1830. Calf, ex., Clark. 
 Smyth : Memoir Descriptive of the Resources, Inhabitants, and Hydro- 
 graphy of Sicily and its Islands, by Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N., 
 
 K.S.F. 4to. London, 1823. 
 Sketch of the Present State of the Island of Sardinia. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1828. Calf, ex. 
 The Mediterranean, a Memoir Physical, Historical, and Nautical. 
 
 8vo. London, 1854. 
 
343 
 
 Snellixg. Sec Money and Coins. 
 
 Societies, Friendly : Report on Friendly or Benefit Societies, by the 
 Highland Society of Scotland. 8vo. 1824. 1 voL Half calf. 
 Annexed to this Kcport are Ixeniaiks on the Scheme for the Conversion of Assess- 
 ments on I'uhlic Salaries into a I'rovident Fund ; and Official Instructions for the 
 Establishment of Friendly Societies. 
 
 SoLis : Historia de la Conqnista de Mexico por Don Antonio do Solis. 
 4to. 2 vols. Madrid, 1783. Olive mor. 
 
 SoMERViLLE : The History of Political Transactions, and of Parties, from 
 the Restoration of Charles II. to the Death of William III., by 
 Thomas Somerville, D.D. 4to. London, 1792. 
 
 The History of Great Britain during the Reign of Queen Anne, 
 
 by Thomas Somerville, D.D, 4to. London, 1798. Calf, ex., 
 Kalthoeber. 
 
 My Own Life and Times, 1741-1814, by Thomas Somerville, D.D., 
 
 ^Minister of Jedburgh. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1861. 
 
 These are vahiahle -works. The Ilistorj' of William lU. has been pronounced by 
 a competent jiidfje to be "on the whole the best history of his reign we as yet 
 have."* The History of Queen Anne is a similar and not less meritorious work. 
 But, though carefully composed, in a liberal and impartial spirit, they have not 
 been successful. This, we apprehend, has been mainly owing to their deficiency 
 in vivacity and interest. They are very respectable publications, and will always 
 be resorted to by those who wish to become well acquainted with the period to 
 which they refer. But they are too dull and heavy for the general, the impatient, 
 or the careless reader. 
 
 Somerville seems to have been much hurt by Fox. in his historical fragment, classing 
 his works with the Tory histories of the period ; and certainly no classification 
 could be more entirely erroneous ; but the circumstance merely illustrates the 
 carelessness of Fox. and had no influence over the fate of the books. 
 
 The Memoirs of His Life and Times contain a good deal of information in regard to 
 the affairs of the Church, with some scattered notices respecting the extremely back- 
 ward state of the country previously to the American war, and other matters. 
 They come down to a later period than those of Carlyle, but are destitute of the 
 vigour and interest of the latter. 
 
 Physical Geography, by Mary Somerville. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1849. 
 SoNNixi : Travels in Upper and Lower Egypt, undertaken by Order of 
 
 Government : from the French of M. C. S. Sonnini. 4to. 
 
 London, 1800. Russia. 
 -Travels in Greece -ind Turkey, translated from the French. 8vo. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1801. 
 SouTHEY : The Doctor, &c., by Robert Southey, edited by J. W. Warter, 
 
 B.D. 8vo. London, 1848. 
 
 The Life of Wesley, and the Rise and Progress of Methodism. 
 
 2d edition. Svo." 2 vols. London, 1820. Calf, ex. 
 
 The last is a rather valuable work. The subject, however, is one of much interest and 
 importance, and should be handled by a more philosophical writer. 
 
 I confess I have no respect for the memory of Southey. In his youth he was more 
 than a radical, for he was one of a coterie that projected retiring to and fonning 
 a pansocratic society in America, where everything was to be in common. It re- 
 dounds to his credit, that in no very long time he became sensible of the folly of such 
 
 • Smyth, Lectures on Modem History, i. 17, 4th ed. 
 
344 
 
 [- 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 S0VTaEY — C0?lt. 
 
 opinions. But like all vreak or very impulsive people, he -went from one extreme 
 to another— from ultra-radicalism to ultra-toryism— everything, whether men or 
 principles, that he had admired, or that had been the theme of his eulogy, becom- 
 ing the object of his bitterest censure and abuse. We believe, however, that he 
 was sincere throughout. His opinions never having any foundation in reason or 
 principle were alike variable and worthless. His solitary merit consisted in his 
 writing a clear good style. 
 
 South Sea Scheme, Tracts ou, viz. : — 
 
 1. Examination and Explanation of the South Sea Company's" 
 
 Scheme, 1720. 
 
 2. Eemarks on the Calculations of the Value of South Sea Stock in 
 
 the Flying Post of 9th April 1720. 1720. 
 
 3. Three Letters relating to the South Sea Company and the Bank, 
 
 by James Milner. Esq., 1720. 
 
 4. Letter to a Friend in the Country on a Design of the late Direc- 
 
 tors of the South Sea Company, by Eustace Budgell, Esq., 1721. 
 
 5. Case of Private and National Corruption and Bribery. 2d edi- 
 
 tion, 1721. 
 . A IModest Apology occasioned by the late Unhappy Turn -of 
 Affairs, 1721. 
 
 7. A True State of the South Sea Scheme, and Conduct of the 
 
 Directors, 1732. 
 
 8. Eemarks on the Occurrences of the Years 1720-21, relating o 
 
 the Execution of the South Sea Scheme, 1732. 
 
 9. The Secret History of the late Directors of the South Sea Com- 
 
 pany, by D. Templeman, 1735. 
 
 Spain, Cadiz, &c. : — 
 
 1. Essai sur le Commerce de I'Espagne, par F. A. de Christophoro 
 
 D'Avalos, 1819. 
 
 2. Notice sur Cadiz et sur son Be, par M. Le Baron de Fcrussac, 
 
 1823. ... )> 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 3. Expos J Historique des Finances des Pays-Ba.s, 1830. 
 
 4. Du Royaume de Naples, de ses Finances et son Industrie, par 
 
 aiillenet de Naples, 1830. 
 
 Spain : Letters from an English Traveller in Spain, in 1778, on the 
 Origin and Progress of Poetry in that Kingdom. Svo. London, 178L 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 Spakrman : A Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, towards the Antarctic 
 Circle, and Round the World, by Andrew Sparrman, M.D. 4to. 
 2 vols, in 1. London, 1785. Russia. 
 
 Spence : Polymetis, or an Inquiry concerning the Agreement between 
 the Works of the Roman Poets and the Remains of the Ancient 
 Artists, by the Rev. Mr. Spence. 2d edition. Folio. London, 
 1755. Russia, ex. 
 Anecdotes, Observations, and Characters of Books and Men : col- 
 lected from the conversation of Mr. Pope and other eminent 
 Persons of his Time, by the Rev. Joseph Spence ; with Notes 
 and Life of Author, by S. W. Singer. 8vo. London, 1820. 
 This is a highly interesting work. It consists principally of statements made by 
 Mr. Pope himself, and of anecdotes of the great poet by his contemporaries and 
 friends. Hence it forais an authentic record of the principal events of his life, and 
 of the opinions he entertained on most subjects of importance. It is, also, en- 
 riched with numerous notices of some of the personages with whom Pope was 
 acquainted, or to whom he has referred in his works. 
 
345 
 
 SrENCic — cont. 
 
 Spence having a sincere admiration of bis illusti-ious friend, it may, perhaps, be 
 suspected that in controTcrted matters he will be biassed in liis favour. But, 
 speaking generally, he is remarkably fair and dispassionate. \\\A it would have 
 been well had the subseciueiit bi()grai)liers of Tope imitated the caiulour and im- 
 partiality displayed in this work. The notes of the editor contain a good deal of 
 information ; but, unlike the text to which they are subjoined, they are decidedly 
 anti-Popian. 
 - A Parallel, in the Planner of Plutairh, between a most celebrated 
 
 Man of Florence (]\Iaj^liabecbi), anil one scarce ever heard of 
 in Fn^Iand (Mr. Hill), by the Kev. Mr. Spence. Post 8vo. 
 Strawberry Hill, 17o8. Calf, gilt, uncut. 
 Spexser : The Fairy Queen, by Edmund Spenser, with a Glossary, ex- 
 phxininu the old and obscure words. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1758. 
 
 Observations on the. See Warton. 
 
 Spilsbury : Lincoln's Inn, its Ancient and Modern Buildinjrs, with an 
 Account of the Library, by W. II. Spilsbury, Librarian. 12mo. London, 
 1850. 
 Spinoza : Qiluvres de Spinoza, traduites par Emile Saisset. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 Paris, 1842. 
 " Spinoza entre dans la route speculative de I'ecole Cartt'sienne avec toute la puis- 
 sance d'un genie original et d'une penetration profonde. Ne a Amsterdam en 
 1632, il se signala, des son enfance, par son ardent dt'sir de connaitre la vcrite. 
 Ses doutes sur les doctrines du Talmud, et ses sentimens religieux, mais exempte 
 de toute superstition, le rendirent indifFi'rent a I'egard des ceremonies du culte 
 dans lequel il etait ne, et lui attirerent beaucoup de persecutions de la part de ces 
 coreligionnaires. II se tint cache dans quelques maisons de chretiens, ctudia le 
 latin, le grec, les mathematiques et la pjiilosophie, specialement celle de Descartes, 
 dont la clarte I'attirait, sans contenter, son esprit rigoureux et penetrant. II 
 mourut a La Haye en 1677, apres avoir consacre sa vie a la meditation dans le 
 silence et la retraite, avec la reputation d'un -^Tai sage et d'un homme de bien. 
 Spinoza s'etait fait la loi de ne tenir pour la verite que ce qui lui apparaitrait avec 
 toute evidence, etconime consequence manifeste de principes suffisamment demon- 
 stratifs. C'est ainsi qu'il tenta de former un systeme, dans lequel il pretendit 
 exposer les principes de la vie morale en les deduisant, avec toute la rigueur de la 
 methode mathematique, des notions les plus elevees de la raison, telles que nous 
 les avons re9ues de Dieu, et c'est dans ce but qu'il donna le nom d'Ethique a son 
 systeme." — (Tennemann, Manuel de I'llistoire de la Philo.sophie,par Cousin, ii. 1 05.) 
 
 . Reflexions Curieuses d'un Esprit desinteres.se, traduites du 
 
 Latin de Spinoza (par M. de Saint Glain). 12rao. Cologne, 1678. 
 Spinoza — Saintes : Ilistoire de la Vie et des Ouvrages de Spinoza, par 
 
 M. Amand Saintes. 8vo. Paris, 1842. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 Spirits, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. The Trial of the Spirits. 2d edition. 1736. 
 
 2. A Proper Keply to a Scandalous Libel, intituled " The Trial of 
 
 the Spirits." 
 
 3. Vindication of a Pamphlet, intituled " The Tryal of the Spirits," 
 
 by Adam Ilolden, 17."36. 
 
 4. Distilled Spirituous Liquors the Bane of the Nation, 1736. 
 
 5. Appendix containing the Presentments of the Grand Juries of 
 
 London, Middlesex, &c.. 1735-36. 
 
 6. The Present State of the British Distillerj-. 2d edition. 1736. 
 Spox : Recherches Curieuses d'Antiquit($, ou Dissertations sur des 
 
 Mcdailles, &c., par M. Spon. 4to. Lyon, 1683. Calf, gilt leaves. 
 6 TON ET Wheeler. Sec Voyage d'ltalie, &c. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 "Very scarce 
 and curious. 
 
346 
 
 Spruner. See Atlas. 
 
 Squier : Nicaragua, its People, Scenery, Monuments, and the proposed 
 Interoceanic Canal, &c., by E. G. Squier, Charge d' Affaires of U.S. in 
 Central America. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1852. 
 
 Squire : An Enquiry into the Foundation of the English Constitution ; 
 or an Historical Essay upon the Anglo-Saxon Government, both in 
 Germany and England, by Samuel Squire, D.D. A new edition. Svo. 
 London, 1753. Old mor. 
 
 Stackhouse : A New History of the Bible, from the Beginning of the 
 World to the Establishment of Christianity, by the Rev. Thomas 
 Stackhouse, A.M. 2d edition. Folio. 2 vols. London, 1744. Calf, ex. 
 
 Stafford : A Compendious or Briefe Examination of Certayne Ordinary 
 Complaints of Divers of our Countrymen in these our Days, by W. S., 
 Gentleman. 4to. London, 1581. Olive mor., original edition, black letter. 
 
 This tract has been ascribed to Shakespeare ; but it has been conclusively shown 
 that it was not written by him, but by a Mr. William Stafford (Literature of 
 Political Economy, p. 350). It contains some curious statements respecting the 
 rise of prices that was taking place, when it was published, through the influx of 
 gold from America and the increase of pasturage. 
 
 Stanhope : History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace 
 of Versailles, 1713-1784, by Lord Mahon (Stanhope). Svo. 
 7 vols. London, 1839-54. 
 
 Life of the Right Hon. William Pitt, by Earl Stanhope. Svo. 
 
 4 vols. London, 1861-62. 
 
 These are works of a superior class. They are perspicuous and unafFected ; and 
 though not profound, are impartial and liberal, and give a good general view 
 of the events to which they refer. Lord Stanhope has been able, through his con- 
 nexion with the Pitt family, to lay before the reader letters and other information 
 that sets some parts of the conduct of the late Mr. Pitt in a new and interesting 
 light. 
 
 All the authentic information that transpires with respect to the public and private 
 life of this great statesman contributes to raise his character. Nothing, indeed, 
 was required to increase the estimate that was long ago formed of his extraordi- 
 nary talent. But he is now seen to have been as independent, liberal, and dis- 
 interested as he was able. It has been much questioned whether he did right or 
 wrong in engaging in the contest with revolutionary France. The question, 
 however, is really of very little importance, seeing that the struggle could not have 
 been avoided for any length of time. This much, indeed, is certain, despite all 
 that has been said and believed to the contrary, that Mr. Pitt was sincerely 
 anxious that the peace with France, of which he well knew the importance, should 
 be preserved. He, in truth, did all that could be done to avert the calamity of 
 ■war. And he was dragged into the contest by circumstances that could not be 
 resisted by him, or by any other minister, unless he had consented to purchase 
 a hollow and fleeting truce by deeply compromising the honour and the safety of 
 the empire. Neutrality on our part was entirely out of the question. The 
 proceedings of the French, whether they were so intended or not, were of such 
 an outrageous character that they could not fail to force us into a war. And it 
 may be safely aflirmed that in undertaking it Mr. Pitt was supported by nine- 
 tenths of the property and intelligence of the country, and by a very great majority 
 of the people. 
 
 Much blame has been attached to the way in which the war was at first carried on. 
 But it is easy to criticise after the event. I\Ir. Pitt had to make use of the instru- 
 ments at his command ; and it is not his fault if those belonging to the army were 
 about as bad as possible. Had he been able to employ a Wellington, the result 
 would have been widely different. At sea he could employ Howe, St. Vincent, 
 and Nelson, and his naval operations were crowned with the most entire success. 
 
347 
 
 SxANiiorE — cant. 
 
 There can be little or no doubt that, but for the occurrence of the revolutionary war, 
 Mr. IMtt -would have ellected some important reforms both in the political and 
 commercial policy of tlie country. But that contest was soon seen to be pro 
 oris et focis, and coupled with the tremendous convulsion by which it had been 
 ushered in, it engrossed the attention and roused the fears of the great bulk of the 
 people, and made them decidedly opposed to projects of change. There is. how- 
 ever, no ground for thinking, because Mr. Pitt bowed to and in part shared this 
 feeling, and opposed, in the meantime, all projects for tampering with the con- 
 stitution, that he was disposed to abandon the principles lie had early avowed 
 respecting a refonu of the representation. 15ut he wisely deferred the introduc- 
 tion- of measures to that etfect till the subsidence of the revolutionary phrensy, 
 and the return of tranquillity, might enable them to be safely and calmly con- 
 sidered. 
 
 It is a subject of just regret that the bigotry and obstinacy of George III. should 
 have prevented Mr. Pitt from effecting that settlement of the Catholic question, 
 including a provision for the Catholic clergy, which he intended as supplemen- 
 tary- to the union. It is not easy to estimate the influence that such measures, 
 had they been then adopted, would have had in promoting the peace and prosperity 
 of Ireland ; but there can be no doubt that it would have been alike great and 
 salutary. 
 
 It is singular that the Sinking Fund bubble should have imposed on Pitt. This, 
 however, was a delusion under which he laboured in common with all the politi- 
 cians of his time. 
 
 It would not be difficult to show that the plan adopted, or followed, by Mr. Pitt, of 
 funding large amoimts of capital at a low rate of interest, rather than less amounts 
 of capital at a higher rate of interest, has proved to be exceedingly injurious. 
 This, however, is not a place in which to discuss a question of this sort. 
 
 Pitt illustrated in his conduct the maxim De minimis non curat Prator. "While he 
 exerted himself to introduce and enforce regularitj-, good order, and economy in the 
 public expenditure, his own household was a scene of the greatest disorder. His 
 embarrassments, which caused him vcfy great annoyance, and Avere eventually paid 
 off by the public, did not originate in any extravagance on his part, but in 
 his neglecting to establish any efficient check over the proceedings of his servants. 
 A carelessness productive of such consequences is not, however, to be excused ; 
 and they are in the right who think that even Mr. Pitt's character would have 
 stood higher if to his disinterestedness he had added a more vigilant attention 
 to the practice of economy in his domestic affairs.. 
 
 Stanley : Anacreon, Bion, Moschus, &c. ; translated from the Greek, 
 by Thomas Stanley, Esq. New edition. 12mo. London, 1815. 
 
 History of Philosophy. See Philosophy, History of. 
 
 Stanyan : The Grecian History from the Original of Greece to the End 
 
 of the Peloponnesian War, by Temple Stanyan, Esq. 2nd edition. 
 
 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1739. Mor. gilt, fine. 
 Stakk : Picture of Edinburgh, containing a Description of the City and 
 
 its Environs, by J. Stark. 5th edition. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1830. 
 Statistics : Elements de Statistique, comprenant les Principes Generaux 
 de cette Science, par M. Moreau de Jonnes. Post 8vo. Paris, 1847. 
 
 Of Great Britain and Ireland in 1855, by A. Thorn. 8vo. 
 
 Dublin, 1855. 
 
 Statistics, Tracts on, in 8vo, viz. : — 
 
 1. Statistical Account of the Population, Cultivation, Produce, and~ 
 
 Consumption of England and Wales, by Benjamin Pitts Capper, 
 1801. 
 
 2. Statistics of the Trade, Industry, and Kesources of Canada and 
 
 the other Plantations in British America, by Henry Bliss, Esq., 
 1833. 
 
348 
 
 Statistics, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 3. The Past and Present State of the Tea Trade 
 by K. M. Martin, Esq., 1832. 
 
 England, &c , \ \ vol. 
 
 4. Brief Examination into the Increase of the Revenue, Commerce, 
 and Navigation of Great Britain dm-ing the Administration of 
 the Right Hon. W. Pitt, by the Right Hon. George Rose, M.P., 
 1806. 
 
 1. Progress of the Two Sicilies under the Spanish Bourbons, from" 
 
 the year 1734-35 to 1840, by John Goodwin, Esq. (from Sta- 
 tistical Journal.) 
 
 2. Egypt as it is in 1838, by Thomas Waghorn, 1838. 
 
 3. Organization of the Army of Prussia, and her Civil Institutions, 
 
 by M. De Chambray, 1834. 
 
 4. Geographical, Statistical, and Commercial Account of the Russian 
 
 Ports of the Black Sea, &c., 1837. 
 
 5. Cenni Statistici e Geographic! della Reggenza di Algeri, di 
 
 Graberg D'Heraso, 1830. 
 
 6. Coup d'QEil sur la Valachie et la Moldavie, par Raoul Perrin, 
 
 1839. 
 
 7. Giornale di Statistica, 1836. 
 
 8. Census of the Population of France in 1837, from the Bulletin des 
 
 Lois, No. 485. 
 
 \ 1 vol. 
 
 1. Statistics of the Municipal Institutions of the English Towns, by 
 
 Joseph Fletcher, Esq. (From the Journal of Statistical 
 Society.) 
 
 2. Progress of the Two Sicilies under the Spanish Bourbons, from 
 
 1734-35 to 1840, by John Goodwin, Esq. (From the above.) 
 
 3. Papers on the Average Duration of Human Life, &c., by John 
 
 Rickman, Esq. (From the Medical Gazette.) 
 
 4. Article on Austrian Statistics, from the British and Foreign 
 
 Review, by Thomas C. Banfield, Esq. 
 
 5. On the Duration of Life, &c., by Edwin Chadwick, Esq. (From 
 
 the Statistical Journal.) 
 
 6. The Former and Present State of Gla.sgow, by James Cleland, 
 
 LL.D. 1840. 
 
 \ 1 vol. 
 
 1. Ai-ticle on the British Empire, from the 2d edition of the Geo-~ 
 
 graphical Dictionary, by J. R. M'Culloch, 1845. 
 
 2. Certain Tests of a Thriving Population, by Travers Twiss, D.C.L. 
 
 1845. 
 
 3. Remarks on the Evils at present affecting the Highlands and 
 
 Islands of Scotland, by Allan Fullarton and Charles R. Baird, 
 Esq., 1838. 
 
 4. South Australia in 1842. 1843. 
 
 5. Account of the Number of Depositors and of the Sums deposited 
 
 in Savings Banks in Great Britain and Ireland, by John Tidd 
 Pratt, Esq., 1845. 
 
 6. Instructions for the Establishment of a Society for Endowments 
 
 for the Provident Classes, 1843. 
 
 7. Statistics of Popular Education in Bristol, by C. B. Fripp, Esq., 
 
 1837. 
 
 8. Account of the Machine-wrought Hosiery Trade, &c., &c., by 
 
 W. Felkin, Esq., F.L.S., 1845. 
 
 9. Analysis of the Returns made to the Commissioners of Stamps 
 
 and Taxes by the Private and Joint Stock Banks of London, 
 by James W. Gilbart, Esq., 1843. 
 
 10. Railway Reform, its Expediency and Practicability Considered, 
 
 1843. 
 
 11, Tables Illustrative of Austrian Statistics. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
319 
 
 Statistics of Iloalth, Tiaots on, in 8vo., viz, : — 
 
 1. Elements of Medical Statistics, by F. B. Hawkins, M.D., 1829. 
 
 2. Effects of Arts, Trades, &c., on Health and Longevity, by C. T. 
 
 Thackrah, 18;52. 
 
 3. Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes employed 
 
 in the Cotton Manufacture in ilauchcster, by J. V. Kay, M.D., )■ J vol 
 1832. 
 
 4. Inquiry into the State of the Manufacturing Population, 18.31. 
 
 5. An Article on the Census of the I'opulation. (From the Edin- | 
 
 burgh Review, No. 97.) J 
 
 Statistics, Vital, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. The Vital Statistics of Gla.sgow for 1843 and 1844, by Alexander 
 
 "Watt, LL.l)., 1846. 
 
 2. Statistics of the Population of Glasgow, 184fi. 
 
 3. Probable Cause of the Continued Prevalence and Fatality of 
 
 Small Pox, by James Stark, M.I)., 1845. 
 
 4. Report on the Mortality of Edinburgh and Leith, September, 
 
 (ictober, and November, 1848, by the same. 1848. 
 
 5. The Mortality of Edinburgh and Leith for the Year 1848, by 
 
 the same. 1849. 
 
 6. Contribution to the Vital Statistics of Scotland, by the same, 
 
 1851. 
 
 7. Vital Statistics of New Orleans, by the same, 1851. 
 
 8. Mortalito et la Duree de la Vie dans la Ville de Dijon, par 
 
 M. L. Noirot, 1850. 
 
 ^ 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 Stepham (Rob.), Thesaurus Lingua? Latiute. 
 1734. Calf, ex. 
 
 Foli 
 
 4 vols. Londini, 
 
 Stephens : Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan, 
 by John L. Stephens. New edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1844. 
 
 The Rise and Progress of the Engli.sh Constitution, being the 
 
 Treatise of Delolnie, witli a Hi.storical and Legal Introduction 
 and Notes, by A. J. Stephens, M.A., F.R.S. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Loudon, 1838. 
 
 by 
 
 Sterxe : The Works of Laurence Sterne, -w-ith his Life, written 
 him.«elf. 12mo. 4 voKs. London, 1815. Calf, e.x. 
 " What is called sentimental writing," says Horace Walpole, " though it be understood 
 to appeal solely to the heart, may be the product of a very bad one. One would 
 imagine that Sterne had been a man of a very tender heart, yet [ know from 
 indubitable authority, that his mother, who kept a school, having nm in debt on 
 account of an extravagant daughter, would have rotted in gaol, if the parents of her 
 scholars had not raised a subscription for her. Her son had too much sentiment to 
 
 have any feeling. A dead ass was more important to him than a livin" mother " 
 
 (Walpoiiana i. 133.) ° 
 
 But this anecdote, though in the highest degree discreditable to Sterne, has 
 nothing to do with his books. These are to be judged by their own merits, and 
 not by the moral character of their author. In his own line Sterne is a very 
 great artist. Ferriar in his "Illustrations of Sterne " (.see Ferriar ) has shown 
 that he is largely indebted to Rabelais, Hurton's Anatomy of Melancholy, &c. 
 But, to use the words of an able writer in Knight's Cyclopaedia of Biography^ 
 "He is, in his conceptions and delineations .separately considered, as well as in 
 his general spirit and manner, one of the most original of writers. His humour 
 is quite as much sui ijeneris as that of either Rabelais, or Cervantes, or Swift. 
 Whatever he may have in common with any or all of these he has much more in 
 which he dillers from them, and that is wholly his own. He is, of all English 
 humourists at least, the airiest and most buoyant. And it is wonderful what a 
 truth an I real humanity there is even in his most startling and eccentric crea- 
 tiomi; how pertlct'y unity of character and every artistic probability is preserved 
 
350 
 
 Sterne — cont. 
 
 in each of them ; how they all draw our sympathies towards them ; how they 
 live like actual existences in our memoi'ies and our hearts. In the mere art of 
 writing also, his execution, amid much apparent extravagance, is singularly 
 heautiful and perfect ; it will be found that every touch has been well considered, 
 has its proper purpose and meaning, and performs its part in producing the eifect ; 
 but the art of arts, the ars celare artein, never was possessed in a higher degree 
 by any writer than by Sterne. His greatest work, out of all comparison, is 
 undoubtedly his ' Tristi-am Shandy,' although among foreigners the ' Sentimental 
 Journey ' seems to stand in the highest estimation. But that will hardly be the 
 judgment of an Englishman, though it may be of some Englishwomen." 
 
 Steuakt's Principles of Political Economy. See Works on that Science. 
 
 Steven : The History of the High School of Edinburgh, by William 
 Steven, D.D. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1849. 
 
 Stevenson : Sketch of the Civil Engineering of North America, by David 
 Stevenson. Svo. London, 1838. 
 
 Historical Sketch of the Progress of Discovery, Navigation, and 
 
 Commerce, from the Earliest Records to the Beginning of the 
 19th Century, by William Stevenson, Esq. 8vo. Edinburgh, 
 1824. 
 
 Stewart : Outlines of Moral Philosophy, by Dugald" 
 Stewart ; with Tracts on Election of Sir John 
 Leslie. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1808. 
 
 Biographical Sketches of Smith, Robertson, and 
 
 Reid. Svo. Edinburgh, V.Y. 1 Calf, gilt, 
 
 Philosophy of the Human Mind. Svo. 2 vols. ( uniform. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1808. 
 
 Philosophical Essays. Svo. Edinburgh, 1818. 
 
 Active and Moral Powers of Man. Svo. 2 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1828. 
 The Collected Works of Dugald Stewart, F.R.S., &c., edited by 
 
 Sir William Hamilton, Bart., with a Life of Stewart by 
 
 — Veitch, M.A., &c. Svo. 11 vols. Edinburgh, 1854, &c. 
 
 Uncut, mor., ex., H. & B. 
 This very beautiful copy of the works of Stewart, being one of two that were printed 
 on large and thick paper, was given to me by my friend Mr. James Gibson 
 Craig. The Editors should not have left out the tracts published by Stewart 
 on the famous question regarding the election of Leslie to the Chair of Mathe- 
 matics. (See Leslie.) 
 This edition could not be said to be wanted, and would not have been published 
 had not a simi of money been left for the purpose. Stewart, though an eloquent, 
 is a diffuse writer. His works contain many judicious, learned, and valuable 
 remarks and speculations, and are pervaded by a liberal and enlarged spirit, and 
 an elevated moral tone. But they are at the same time singularly deficient in 
 originalitj', grasp, and vigour. The Dissertations are perhaps the best, and next 
 to them the Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind. The Lectures on Poli- 
 tical Economy are in great measure made up from notes taken by students, and 
 should not have been published. They consist, for the most part, of an endless 
 series of flimsy criticisms on some of the secondary theories and statements embodied 
 in the " Wealth of Nations," the phrase " ISIr. Smith " recumng with a distressing 
 frequency. Indeed, one could not a priori have supposed that they would have been 
 so very poor. Probably, however, as Stewart was formerly very much overrated, 
 one may now be unconsciously disposed to join those by whom he is underrated. 
 
331 
 
 Stewart : Outlines of Moral Philosojthy, with a Memoir of the Author. 
 6th edition. Post 8vo. Edinburgh, 1837. 
 
 Account of the Life and Writings of William Robertson, D.D. 
 
 Svo. London, 1801. 
 
 Tracts Physical and Mathematical, by Dr. Matthew Stewart, 
 
 Prof. Math. Univ. Edin. Svo. Edinburgh, 1761. Calf, ex. 
 
 Stillingfleet : Origines Sacne, or a Rational Account of the Grounds 
 of Natural and Revealed Religion, by the Rev. Edward vStillingfleet, 
 D.D. Svo. 2 vols. Oxford, 1797. 
 
 Stipends : Collection of Papers regarding the Augmentation of the 
 Stipends of the Clergy of Scotland. 4to. Edinburgh, 1751. Calf, ex., 
 uncut. 
 
 Stirling : The Australian and Californian Gold Discoveries, with their 
 Probable Consequences, by Pat. J. Stirling, Esq. Svo. 
 Edinburgh, 18.53. See, also. Commerce, Corn Trade, he. 
 
 Annals of the Artists of Spain, by William Stirling, M.A. (and 
 
 M.P.) Svo. 3 vols. Avith plates. London, 1848. 
 
 This is a remarkably handsome, and, I believe, a very excellent work. I do not 
 pretend to form any opinion of the justness of its estimates of the great Spanish 
 artists ; but they have every appearance of being perfectly correct. The book 
 contains much interesting biographical and historical matter, and is very well 
 written. 'I'he reader may be interested by the following extract from the remarks 
 on the Escorial : — 
 
 " With the Escorial is blended much of the history of Philip II. He redeemed 
 his vow to St. Lawrence, offered up amid the roar of battle at St. Quentin, by 
 rearing this superb edifice in all the pomp and beauty of holiness on the site of a 
 miserable convent, the chapel of which had once been a bedchamber, and could 
 boast no better altar-piece than a crucifix sketched in charcoal on the wall. 
 Whilst perfonning his devotions in the unfinished temple, he received tidings 
 of the great naval victory at Lepanto, and returned thanks for the overthrow of 
 the Turk. Here he joined in the Te Deum for the Conquest of Portugal, and 
 offered up solemn prayers for the discomfiture of the heretics of Holland, and for 
 the success of his " Invincible Armada." Hence, too, he derived one of those 
 lessons which Providence sometimes reads to conquerors ; for this his house of 
 pride, planned in the hour of victory, was not complete until the decline of his 
 power; and the very year of its consecration (1.59.5) was memorable for the 
 overthrow of the Spanish arms at Fontaine-Fran^oise. Here he pertbrmed those 
 acts of humility and devotion which gained him the character, amongst friars 
 and inqui.sitors, of a crowned saint ; and enjoyed the converse of his artists and 
 monks, with so little of royal show and state, that being met in the cloister one 
 day by a countryman, he was taken for a dependent of the establishment, — an 
 idea which the king humoured by showing the stranger the wonders of the 
 place. From the Escorial, too, he issued the decrees which were law on the 
 banks of the Po, and the shores of the Pacific ; and here in a little alcove 
 adjoining the church — on the wall of which hung a grim allegoiy of the Seven 
 Deadly Sins, by Jerome Bos— amidst the solemn sounds of the organ and the choir, 
 and clasping to his brea.st the veil of our Lady of Montserrat, he died. 
 
 " The Escorial is, without doubt, one of the most interesting edifices in Europe. 
 Castilian writers are never weary of extolling it, as an eighth wonder of the world, 
 ' or rather,' says Villegas, the Hagiologist, ' all the seven comprehended in one.' 
 In point of size, it will bear comparison with the nn'ghtiest works of the Pharaohs 
 or the Caesars, with Karnak and the Colosseum ; and it is probably the greatest 
 architectural undertaking ever conceived and executed by one man. No Egyptian 
 or Roman builder is recorded to have completed a pile of which the doors, like 
 those of the Kscorial, if we may credit Fray Francisco de los Santos, required 
 1.250 pounds weight of iron to make their keys. The church and palace on the 
 Vatican Mount have been three centuries and a half in growing to their present 
 
352 
 
 Stirling — cont. 
 
 magnitude, under the rule of fifty Popes, -with a treasury recruited by oblations 
 from all parts of Christendom. Excepting its Pantheon or Koyal Cemetery, 
 which M'as built in its present form by Philip IV., the Escorial o-sves nothing of 
 importance to the successors of Philip II. There is a peculiar grandeur in its 
 five-fold purpose as a convent, a college, a church, a palace, and royal mauso- 
 leum. No great structure was ever more strongly stamped with the character of 
 its founder, and the spirit of his age. Seated amidst the rocks and deserts of the 
 Guadaramas, it was the fitting abode of the austere brotherhood of St. Jerome ; 
 and its dim halls and cloisters are the scenes which imagination most loves to 
 people with the ecstatic monk, and the iron-visaged inquisitor, and the dark and 
 terrible figures of the ancient fanaticism. The cheerless prison-like palace 
 seemed adapted solely to shelter the old age of that relentless prince, who, in the 
 prime of his manhood, welcomed to Spain his young and beautiful bride, Isabella 
 of Valois. with fire and faggot, and the human sacrifices of an auto-da-fe. Where 
 is the mind in which the veiy name of the Escorial does not awaken thought, and 
 evoke high associations? To the student of history, it stands like a land-mark ou 
 the hills of Castile ; a relic of the days that are gone, Avhen it was the pride 
 of the Spaniard, and the envy of the foreigner ; an outward and visible type of 
 the glory and pre-eminence of Spain. To the pious Catholic, it is an object of 
 affectionate reverence as the noblest monastic foundation ever consecrated by his 
 church, ' to daily and nightly prayer and praise, to contemplation and holiness, 
 to alms deeds and study,' and to the honour of his faith. The scholar may still 
 regard it with interest as once the stately home of learning and research, and as a 
 mine not yet exhausted of Arabian and Castilian lore ; and the artist as one of 
 the greatest shrines of painting, for which Titian and Velasquez laboured, where 
 Rubens and Murillo studied, and where a line of kings for two centuries hived 
 the treasures of European art " (i. 170). 
 
 St. John : Observations on the Land Revenues of the Crown. See 
 
 Taxation, Works on. 
 St. Marie : Dissertations Historiqnes et Critiques sur la Chevalerie 
 
 Ancienue et Moderne, par le Rev. Pere Ilonore de St. Marie. 4to. 
 
 Paris, 1718. 
 
 Stolberg : Travels through Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Sicily, 
 translated from the German of Count Stolberg by Thomas Holcroft. 
 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1797. 
 
 Storch : Cours d'Economie Politique. See Political Economy, Works on. 
 
 Sur le Revenu National. See Political Economy, AVorks on. 
 
 Stow : A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster, and the 
 
 Borough of Southwark, by John Stow, Citizen and Native of London ; 
 
 corrected and improved and very much enlarged by John Strype, M.A., 
 
 and brought down to the Present Time by careful Hands. 6th edition. 
 
 Folio. 2 vols. London, 1754 and 1757. Russia, ex.. Hay day. 
 Stowe : A Description of the House and Gardens of the Marquis of 
 
 Buckingham. 8vo. London, 1797. Green mor. 
 St. Palaye : Memoires sur I'Ancienne Chevalerie, par M. de la Curne 
 de St. Palaye. 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1759. Veau fauve. 
 
 Histoire Litteraire des Troubadours. 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1774. 
 
 St. Pierre : Etudes de la Nature, par J. H. B. de St. Pierre. 12mo. 
 
 5 vols. Paris, 1784. Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 Strad^ (Fam.) Libri XX. de Bello Belgico, ed. 6ta. Folio. 2 vols. 
 Romaj, 1640 et 1647. Old calf, gilt. 
 A fine copy of the best edition of this partial but classical work. 
 
353 
 
 Strang : Tlio Progress of Glasgow in ropulation, Woullli, Manufactures, 
 &c., by John Strang, LL.D. 8vo. Glasgow, 1850, and subsequent years. 
 The gift of my learned friend the author. 
 
 Stra-wbkrrt Hill, a Description of the "Villa of Mr. II, Walpole at. 
 4to. Strawberry Hill, 1784. Russia, ex. See Walpole. 
 
 SiRiKES, Trades Societies, &c. See Political Economy. 
 
 Strong : Greece as a Kingdom; a Statistical Description of that Country, 
 from 1833 down to the Present Time, by Frederick Strong, Esq. 8vo. 
 London, 1842. 
 
 Strutiiers : The History of Scotland from the Union to the Abolition 
 of Heritable Jurisdictions in 1748, by John Struthcrs. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 Glasgow, 1829. 
 
 Struts : Les Voyages de Jean Struys en Moscovie, en Tartaric, en Perse, 
 aux Indes, ct en plusicurs autres Pays etrangers, &c. 4to. Amsterdam, 
 1G81. Old calf. 
 
 Strzelecki: Physical Description of New South Wales and Van Diemen's 
 Land, by Count J. P. Strzelecki, C.B. 8vo. London, 1845. 
 
 Stuart : Letters to the Right Honourable Lord Mansfield, from Andrew 
 Stuart, Esq. 4to and 8vo. Loudon, 1773. 
 
 These Letters refer to the conduct of Lord Mansfield in the famous Douglas cause. 
 Stuart, the author, and agent of the Hamilton family, collected evidence in France 
 to prove that the children said to be bom of Lady Jane Douglas were not really 
 hers. In deciding the cause, Lord Mansfield made some observations seriously re- 
 flecting upon Stuart's conduct in the performance of his duty. This gave the latter 
 a fair ground for coming forward to defend himself ; but not satisfied with this, he 
 dragged his Lordship before the bar of public opinion, examined his proceedings 
 in the cause, and endeavoured to show that they were throughout partial and 
 unjust. The Letters are extremely well written, in a serious, sustained tone, 
 without diverging from their object. It is creditable to the good sense of Lord 
 ^Mansfield that he took no notice of their publication. 
 
 The Douglas cause excited great interest at the time ; and the judgment pronounced 
 by the House of Lords was extremely popular. But it is difficult for those who 
 now look into the papers to believe that the persons pretending to be Douglases 
 were other than spurious ; and that, also, was the opinion of most men of sense at 
 the time. Hume, who was then in London, though little disposed to quarrel with 
 authority, notices the decision of the cause as follows : — 
 
 " I was struck with a very sensible indignation at the decision of the Douglas cause, 
 though I foresaw it for some time. It was abominable with regard to poor Andrew 
 Stuart, who had conducted that cause with singular ability and integrity; and was 
 at last exposed to reproach, which unfortunately never can be wiped off. For the 
 cause, though not in the least intricate, is so complicated that it never will be 
 reviewed by the public, who are besides perfectly pleased with the sentence, 
 being swayed by compassion and a few popular topics. To one who understands 
 the cause as I do, nothing could appear more scandalous than the pleadings of the 
 two law lords. Such gross misrepresentation, such impudent assertions, such 
 groundless imputations, never came from that place. But all was good enough 
 for their audience, who, bating their quality, are most of them little better than 
 their brethren the Wilkites in the streets." — (Burton's Life of Hume, ii. 423.) 
 
 Genealogical History of the Stewarts, by Andrew Stuart, Esq., 
 
 M.P. 4to. London, 1798. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 The Genealogy of the Stewarts Refuted, in a Letter to Andrew 
 
 Stuart, Esq., M.P. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1799. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 z 
 
354 
 
 Stuart : Three Years in North America, by James Stuart, Esq. 2d 
 edition. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1833. 
 
 The autlior of this work, James Stuart, Esq., of Dunearn, was an intimate friend 
 of mine. Having taken an active part in Scotch politics at a time when party 
 spirit ran veiy high, ahuse of all sorts was heaped upon him. IMost part of it, 
 indeed, was too scurrilous and contemptible to deserve notice ; and had it not been 
 ascertained that Sir Alexander Boswell, Bart, (the eldest son of Johnson's Boswell), 
 was one of its principal authors, it would have been very speedily forgotten. 
 But this unlucky discovery led to the duel in which Boswell expiated his libels 
 by his death. Having been unfortunate in some speculations in land, Stuart 
 Avithdrew for awhile to the United States, where he collected materials for the work 
 quoted above. After his return he was appointed a Factory Inspector. He died 
 in 1849, in his 74th year. 
 
 His too great sensibility, his impetuosity, and his obstinate adherence to whatever 
 opinions or steps he had either avowed or taken, sometimes hurried Mr. Stuart 
 into difficulties and embaiTassments which more dispassionate, though not 
 abler or better men, would have avoided. In his bearing and manner lie was 
 a perfect gentleman. He was distinguished by his taste in, and knowledge 
 of, the fine arts. And his many excellent qualities made him be highly 
 esteemed by a wide circle of attached and intelligent friends. If ever the history 
 be wi'itten, as it well deserves to be, of the rise and progress of liberal opinions in 
 Scotland during the present centurj', the name of James Stuart will occupy an 
 honom-able and conspicuous place in its pages. 
 
 The History of Scotland from the Establishment of the Reforma- 
 
 tion till the Death of Queen Mary, by Gilbert Stuart, LL.D. 
 2d edition. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1783. 
 
 A View of Society in Europe. 2d edition. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1792. 
 
 An Historical Dissertation concerning the Antiquity of the English 
 
 Constitution. 2d edition. Svo. London, 1771. 
 
 01)servations concerning the Public Law and the Constitutional 
 
 History of Scotland, &c. Svo. Edinburgh, 1779. 
 
 The History of the Establishment of the Reformation in Scotland. 
 
 4to. London, 1780. 
 
 The works of Gilbert Stuart discover much learning and research, and are written 
 in that compact and forcible style which the French call serre et vigoureux, of 
 which, indeed, they afford one of the best specimens. It is to be regretted 
 that they do no credit unless it be to the ability of the Author. Having been an 
 unsuccessful candidate for a professorship in the University of Edinburgh, he 
 ascribed his defeat, which was entirely owing to his own very questionable 
 character, to the hostility of Dr. Robertson, of whom he henceforth became the 
 implacable enemy. And it is a curious fact that all, or mostly all, his works are 
 written on subjects that had been previously treated by Robertson, he being 
 determined, as he alleged, to show how much better he could handle the same 
 topics. But despite his talent and ability, the popularity of Robertson was not 
 impaired. And while Stuart's own works speedily ceased to attract any consider- 
 able degree of attention, those of his illustrious rival were translated into all the 
 languages of Em-ope, and progressively increased in sale and consideration. 
 
 Besides his separate publications, Stuart was an extensive contributor to Magazines 
 and Reviews, both in Edinburgh and London. But his rcA-iews having been 
 frequently distinguished more by their coarseness and unfairness than by their 
 learning or anj-thing else, produced a great deal of irritation and clamour. 
 The excitement occasioned by these proceedings, coupled with his habits of 
 intemperance, having undermined his constitution, he died in 1786 in the 44th 
 year of his age. 
 
 Caledonia Romana ; a Descriptive Account of the Roman Anti- 
 
 quities of Scotland, with an Introductory View of the State of 
 the Country in the First Century of the Christian Era, by 
 Robert Stuart. 4to. Edinburgh, 1845. 
 
355 
 
 Stuart : A History of Infantry, from tlio earliest times to the present, 
 by 11. B. Stuart, Bengal Army. 8vo. London, 1862. 
 A well-written, interestiug, and valuable, though abridged, work. 
 
 Stuakt and Revett : Antiquities of Athens Measured and Delineated by 
 James Stuart and Nicholas ilevett. Imp. folio. 3 vols. London, 1762- 
 1794. Russia. 
 
 Stckeley : Stonchenge and Abury, Temples of the British Druids, de- 
 scribed and illustrated by William Stukeley, M.D. Reprints. 
 Folio. London. Russia, ex., Bedford. 
 
 Itiuerarium Curiosum ; an Account of the Antiquities and Re- 
 markable Curiosities in Nature or Art in Groat Britain. The 
 2d edition, Avith large additions. Folio. 2 vols. Loudon, 1776. 
 Russia, marbled leaves. 
 
 SuETOXius: Lives of the First Twelve Ccesars. See Classics and Trans- 
 lations. 
 
 Suffolk : Letters to ar>d from Henrietta Countess of Suffolk and her 
 Second Husband, the Hon. George Berkeley, from 1712 to 1767. 8vo. 
 2 vols. Loudon, 1824. 
 
 Sugar : West Indian, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Claims and Eesources of the West Indian Colonies, by the Hon." 
 
 E. Stanley, M.P. 2d edition, 1850. 
 
 2. Farther Tracts connected with the West Indies, by Lord Stanley, 
 
 M.P., 1851. 
 
 3. Is Cheap Sugar the Triumph of Free Trade, by Jacob Omnium, J- 8v0. 1 vol. 
 
 1847. A Letter to the Right Hon! Lord John Russell. 
 
 4. A Second Letter to ditto, by ditto, 1848. 
 
 5. A Third Letter to ditto, by ditto, 1848. 
 
 6. The Use of Sugar and INIolasses in the Public Breweries, 184G. 
 
 SuLLiVAJ^ — Stuart : Lectures on the Constitution and Laws of Enf- 
 laud, with a Commentary on Magna Charta, &c., by F. H. Sullivan ; 
 to which Authorities are added, and a Discourse is prefixed, concerning 
 the Laws and Government of England, by Gilbert Stuart, LL.D. 2d 
 edition. 4to. Loudon, 1776. 
 Sully : Memoires de Maximilien de Bethune, Due de Sully. 4to. 3 vols. 
 
 Londres, (Paris,) 1745. Old mor., gilt. Plates by Odieuvre. 
 ■ The same Avork in English, translated by Charlotte Lennox. 
 
 8vo. 5 vols. London, 1757. Old calf, gilt, ex. 
 SunrxER : A Treatise on the Records of the Creation, and on the Moral 
 Attributes of the Creator, by J. B. Sumner, M.A. (Archbishop of 
 Canterbury). 4th edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1825. 
 SuTTOx, Thomas, Esq. See Bearcroft. 
 
 Swift : The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, D.D., Dean of St. 
 
 Patrick, Dublin, with his Life by Sheridan. A new edition by John 
 
 Nichols, F.S. A. 8vo. 19 vols. London, 1801. Russia, marbled leaves. 
 
 " Dean Swift may be placed at the head of those that have employed the plain 
 
 style. Few writers have discovered more capacity. He treats every subject which 
 
 he handles, whether serious or ludicrous, in a masterly manner. He knew, almost 
 
 beyond any man, the purity, the extent, the precision of the English language ; 
 
 and therefore, to such as wish to attain a pure and correct style, he is one of the 
 
 most useful models. But we must not look for much ornament and grace in his 
 
 z 2 
 
356 
 
 Swift— cow;. 
 
 language. His haughty and morose genius made him despise any embellishment 
 of this kind as beneath his dignity. He delivers his sentiments in a plain, 
 downright, positive manner, like one who is sure he is in the right ; and is very 
 indifferent whether you be pleased or not. His sentences are commonly negli- 
 gently arranged ; distinctly enough as to the sense ; but without any regard to 
 smoothness of sound -, often without much regard to compactness or elegance. If 
 a metaphor, or any other figure, chanced to render his satire more poignant, he 
 would, perhaps, vouchsafe to adopt it, when it came in his way ; but if it tended 
 only to embellish and illustrate, he would rather throw it aside. Hence, in his 
 serious pieces, his style often borders upon the dry and unpleasing ; in his humo- 
 rous ones, the plainness of his manner sets off his wit to the highest advantage. 
 There is no froth nor affectation in it ; it seems native and unstudied ; and while 
 he hardly appears to smile himself, he makes his reader laugh heartily." — (Blair's 
 Lectures, ii. 22.) 
 " His style is, in its kind, one of the models of English composition ; it is proper, 
 pure, precise, perspicuous, significant, nervous, deriving a certain dignity fi-om a 
 masterly contempt of puerile ornaments, in which every word seems to convey the 
 intended meaning with the decision of the writer's character ; not adapted, indeed, 
 to express nice distinctions of thought or shades of feeling, or to convey those 
 new and large ideas which must be illustrated by imagery ; but qualified beyond 
 any other to discuss the common business of life, in such a manner as to convince 
 and persuade the generality of men ; and where occasion allows it, meriting, in 
 its vehement plainness, the praise of the most genuine eloquence. His verse is 
 only, apparently, distinguished by the accident of measure ; it has no quality of 
 poetry, and like his prose, is remarkable for sense and wit." — (Mackintosh, Life of, 
 li. 182.) 
 
 Swinburne : Travels through Spain in the Years 1755 and 1756, by 
 Henry Swinburne, Esq. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1787. Calf, ex. 
 
 Travels in the Two Sicilies, in the Years 1777, 1778, 1779, and 
 
 1780. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1783. 
 
 Switzerland: An Account of, written in the Year 1714. 8vo. London, 
 1714. 
 
 Sydney: The Works of Algernon Sydney. 4to. London, 1772. Eussia, ex. 
 
 Symes : An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava in 1795, by 
 Michael Symes, Esq. 4to. London, 1800. Russia. 
 
 Symmons — Milton : Life of John Milton, by Charles Symmons, D.D. 
 8vo. London, 1806. 
 
 Symson : A Large Description of Galloway, by Andrew Symson, Minister 
 of Kirkinner, 1684. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1823. 
 
 T. 
 
 Talents, All The, and other Satirical Poems. Svo. London, 1807. 
 Very scarce. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Tamerlan, Histoire de, ou Timour Bee, Empereur des Mogols, &c. 12mo. 
 2 vols. Paris, 1739. 
 
 Tanner : Notitia Monastica, or an Account of all the Abbeys, Priories, 
 and Houses of Friars formerly in England and Wales, and also of all the 
 Colleges and Hospitals founded before a.d. 1540, by Thomas Tanner, 
 D.D., Bishop of St. Asaph ; revised by James Nasmyth, M.A. Illus- 
 trated by many additional Plates. Folio. Cambi'idge, 1787. Uncut, 
 Russia, ex., H. 
 
;}57 
 
 Tanski : Tableau Statistiquo, roliti(|iu', ct Moral ilii Systrim- Mililaire do 
 
 la Eussie, par M. Jos. Tauski. Svo. Paris, IHXL "Calf, ex. 
 Targa : Pondorazioni sopra le Contrattazioni Marittimo, del Dottoro 
 Carlo Taif!:a, colla giuiita dellc Lcgge Navali di' Ivodii, ikv. 4to. 
 Livorno, 17oo. 
 Taschekau — CoRNEiLLE : Ilistoirc de la Vie et des Ouvrage.s de 1*. Cor- 
 
 iieille, par M. Tascherau. Svo. Paris, 1829. 
 TASCnEKAU — Molieke: Ilistoire de la Vic ct dcs Ouvragcs do Moliere, 
 
 par M. Tasclieraii. Svo. Paris, 1825. 
 Tasso : La Geriisalemme Libcrata di Torquato Tasso. Many Plates. 
 Svo. 2 vols. Parigi, 1771. Old French red mor. 
 " To me," says Dr. Blair, " it appears clear that the ' Jerusalem ' is in rank and 
 dignity the third epic poem in the world, and comes next to the Iliad and 
 jEneid. Tasso may be justly held inferior to Homer in simplicity and in force ; 
 to Virgil, in tenderness ; to Milton, in daring sublimity of genius ; but to no 
 other he yields in any poetical talents ; and for fertility of invention, variety of 
 incidents, expression of characters, richness of description, and beauty of style, I 
 know no poet except the three just named, that can be compared to him." — 
 (Lectures, iii. 253.) 
 
 Translated into English Heroical Verse hj Edward 
 
 Fairfax. Post Svo. 2 vols. Windsor, 1817. 
 
 The same Work, with a Glossary and Index. 4th edition. 
 
 Svo. London, 1749. 
 
 Translated by Hoole. 5th edition. Svo. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1783. 
 These translations are both good. That by Fairfax, who flourished in the reign of 
 Elizabeth, is divided into stanzas, likie the original, and is rendered line for line 
 ■with an accuracy and ease that are quite surprising. Hoole, on the other hand, 
 belongs to the school of Dryden and f*ope ; and his translation is modelled upon 
 tlie vEneid and Iliad of his masters; and though very inferior to its archetypes, it is 
 executed with spirit and elegance. The former is, of course, preferred by those 
 ■who affect a taste for the literature of the Elizabethan age, but the latter is by 
 far the most popular. 
 
 La Vita di Torquato Tasso, scritta del Pierantonio Serassi. 4to. 
 
 Roma, 1785. Calf, ex., H. &B. 
 Tassoxi : La Secchia Rapita di AlessandroTassoni. con sa Vita scritta da 
 L. A. Muratori. Svo. 2 vols. Parigi, 1766. Large paper, 
 
 calf, nrilt. 
 
 ■ See Walker, for Life of Tassoni. 
 
 Tati.er. See Essayists. 
 
 Tavehxier : Les Six Voyages de Jean B. Tavernier, en Turqnio, en 
 
 Perse, et aux Indes. 12mo. 3 tomes. Amsterdam, 1679. J\Ior., gilt 
 
 leaves. 
 
 " Tavernier, that rambling jeweller, who had read nothing, but had seen so much 
 and so well."— (Gibbon, Decline and Fall, iv. CKi, 4to ed.) 
 
 Taxation and Fcndixg, Works on, viz. : — 
 
 Beeke : Observations on the Produce of the Income Tax, and on 
 
 its Proportion to the whole Revenue of Great Britain, by the 
 Rev. Henry Beeke, D.D. (Dean of Bristol). Svo. London, 
 1800. 
 
 Bernard : Case of the Salt Duties, with Proofs and Illustrations, 
 
 by Sir Thomas Bernard, Bart. 12mo. London, 1 HI 7. 
 
358 
 
 Taxation and Funding, Works on — cont. 
 
 Boislandry : Des Impots et des Charges des Peuples en France, par 
 
 M. de Boislandry. 8vo. Paris, 1824. 
 
 - . ' Boucliaud : De I'lmpot du Vingtieme sur les Successions, et de 
 
 I'lmpot sur les Marchandises chez les Remains, par M. Bouchaud 
 Svo. Paris, 1766. Old red mor. 
 ■ Buchanan : Inquiry into the Taxation and Commercial Policy of 
 Great Britain, by David Buchanan. Svo. Edinburgh, 1844. 
 
 Burmani (Petri), de Vectigalibus Populi Romani Dissertatio. 4to. 
 
 Leidaj, 1734. 
 
 - Dutot : Reflexions Politiques sur les Finances et le Commerce, 
 
 par M. Dutot. Post 8vo. 2 vols. La Haye (Paris). 
 " Duverney : Histoire du Systeme des Finances sous la Minorite de 
 
 Louis XV., pendant les Annees 1700 et 1720, par M. 
 
 Duverney. 12mo. 6 vols. La Haye, (Paris,) 1739. 
 ■ ■ Examen du Livre intitule Reflexions Politiques sur les 
 
 Finances et le Commerce, par M. Duverney. 12mo. 
 
 2 vols. La Haye, (Paris,) 1740. 
 • Traite des Finances et de la Fausse Monnoie des Remains (par 
 
 M. Chassipol). 12mo. Paris, 1740. 
 • Same Work in English. Svo. London, 1741. 
 
 Financial Reform : Tracts published by the Liverpool Financial 
 
 Reform Association, from 1848 to 1851. Svo. V.Y. 
 — — — Hamilton : An Inquiry into the Principles of Taxation, chiefly 
 applicable to Articles of Immediate Consumption (by 
 Hamilton, Esq.). 4to. London, 1790. 
 
 ■ ■ ■■ An Inquiry concerning the Rise and Progress, the Re- 
 
 demption and Present State, and the IManagement of the 
 National Debt of Great Britain and Ireland, by Robert 
 Hamilton, LL.D., &c. 3d edition. Svo. Edinburgh, 
 1818. Calf, ex. 
 
 Hill : Post-Ofiice Reform, its Importance and Practicability, by 
 
 Rowland HiU. Svo. London, 1837. 
 
 — ' Local Taxation : Report of the Poor-Law Commissioners on the 
 
 Subject of Local Taxation. Svo. 1843. 
 
 ■ Madox : The History and Antiquities of the Exchequer of the 
 
 Kings of England, from the Norman Conquest to the End of 
 the Reign of Edward II., by Thomas Madox, Esq. 2d edition. 
 4to. 2 vols. London, 1769. Old Russia. 
 A valuable and, indeed, standard work. 
 
 Martin : Taxation of the British Empire, by R. Montgomery 
 
 Martin. 12mo. London, 1833. 
 — — — M'CuUoch : A Treatise on the Principles and Practical Influence 
 of Taxation and the Funding System, by J. R. M'Culloch. 2d 
 edition. Svo. London, 1852. 
 
 ■ Mirabeau : Theorie de I'lmpot, par le Marquis de Mirabeau. 4to. 
 
 Avignon, 1760. Orange mor. 
 
 — The same Work in 12mo. Avignon, 1760, Veau fauve, 
 
 gilt leaves. 
 
r\50 
 
 Taxation an'o FuNmNC, Works on — ('O)if. 
 
 Monthion : Quelle Influence ont les divcrscs Especcs do I'lmpotH 
 
 Pur la IMoralite, I'Activile, et I'ludustrie dcs Peuplcs ? par 
 M. de Monthion. 8vo. Paris, 1808. 
 
 Particularites ct Observations sur les Ministrcs dca 
 
 Finances de France le plus Cclebrcs, dcpuis I60O 
 jusqu'en 1791. 8vo. Paris, 1812. Calf, ex. 
 
 Parnell: On Financial Reform, by Sir Henry Parnell, Bart,, M.P. 
 
 (afterwards Lord Contjleton). 4th edition. 12mo. London, 
 1832. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Petty : A Treatise of Taxes and Contributions, showing the 
 
 Nature and Measures of Crown Lands, Assessments, Cxistonis, 
 Poll Money, Lotteries, Benevolence, &c. &c., by {Sir William 
 Petty. 4to. London, 1679. 
 
 Sinclair : The History of the Public Revcmie of the British 
 
 Empire, containing an account of the Puldic Income and 
 Expenditure from "the Remotest Periods to Michaelmas 1802, 
 with an Account of the Revenue of Scotland and Ireland, &c., 
 by Sir John Sinclair, Bart, M.P. 3d edition. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 London, 1804. 
 
 St. John : Observations on the Land Revenue of the Crown, by 
 
 the Hon. John St. John. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1792. 
 
 St. Leon : Etudes de Credit Public et des Dettes Publiques, par 
 
 M. Dufresne St. Leon. Bvo. Paris, 1824. 
 
 Tennent : Wine, its Use and Taxation, an Inquiry into the Ope- 
 
 ration of the Wine Duties on Consumption and Revenue, by 
 Sir James Em. Tennent. , Svo. London, 1855. 
 The gift of the author. 
 
 Thomson : A Treatise on the Old Territorial Taxation of Scot- 
 
 land, by Thomas Thomson, Esq. Advocate, 4to. Edinburgh, 
 1816. Russia, gilt. 
 This very learned Treatise appeared as a Memorial in the case of Cranstoun v. 
 Gibson, in the Court of Session in 1816. The title-page is peculiar to this coj)y. 
 The author of this elaborate paper, an eminent advocate at the Scottish bar, was 
 distinguished alike by his superior acquaintance with the history and antiquities 
 of Scotland, the liberality of his opinions, and his urbanity. lie held for many 
 years the office of Depute Clerk Register, and in that capacity rendered valuable 
 service to the public, by collecting and arranging the National Kccords, and 
 making them readily accessible. Latterly he became one of the Principal Clerks 
 of Session. But instead of writing out the judgments of others, his profound legal 
 attainments and gentlemanly manners might have been expected to raise himself 
 to the Bench. And so they most probably would, but for his indolent and procras- 
 tinating habits. These marred his great talents, and enabled others, though of 
 inferior ability, to caiTj- off the prizes which he ought to have secured. It is 
 especially to be regretted that he did not write a history of Scotland. His intimate 
 knowledge of the subject, and his clear and admirable style, would have ensm-ed 
 its excellence. 
 Torrens : The Budget, a Series of Letters on Financial. Com- 
 mercial, and Colonial Policy, by a Member of the Political 
 Economy Club (Colonel Torrens). 8vo. London, 1841-43. 
 
 Vauban: Projet d'une Dixme Royale, qui, supprimant la Taille, 
 
 les Aydes, et les Douanes d'une Province a I'autre, &c., pro- 
 duiroit au Roy un Rcvcnu certain ct^suffisant, &c., par M. lo 
 Marechal de Vauban. 4to. Rouen, 1707. 
 
360 
 
 Taxation and Funding, Tracts on, in 8vo, viz. : — 
 
 1. Lottery Schemes in General, by John "Woodcock, 1757. 
 
 2. Thoughts on the Present Mode of Taxation in Great Britain, by 
 
 Francis Dobbs, Esq. 1784. 
 
 3. Thirty Years Observations on the Effects of Taxing Provisions 
 
 instead of Incontie, 1836. 
 
 4. Letter to the Editor of the Courier Newspaper on the Tea Duties, 
 
 by John Travers. 2d edition. 1834. 
 
 5. Tobacco Question. 3d edition. 1837. 
 
 6. Brief Considerations on the Licome Tax and Tariff Eeform, by 
 
 R. K Douglas, 1842. 
 
 7. Who pays the Taxes ? By John Taylor. 2d edition. 1844. 
 
 8. Handbook of Financial Statistics, by Henry Thomas Biddell, 
 
 1848. 
 
 9. Road Reform and Horse Tax, by T. M. Gemmell, 1848. 
 
 10. A Letter on the Assessed Taxes, 1850. 
 
 11. England as it Is and as it Might and Ought to Be, by Justus 
 
 Wild, 1852. 
 
 12. Evidence of G. C. Lewis, Esq., M.P., before Lords' Committee 
 
 on Parochial Assessments, Session 1850. 1850. 
 
 13. Foreign Tariffs, their Injurious Effects on British Manufactures, 
 
 by James Bischoff, Esq. 1843. 
 
 14. Equitable Adjustment between the Nation and its Creditors, by 
 
 the Hon. J. S. Wortley. 1833. 
 
 1. Observations on the Duty on Sea-borne Coal, and on the Peculiar") 
 
 Duties and Charges on Coal in the Port of London, by J. R. 
 M'Culloch. 1830. 
 
 2. Observations illustrative of the Practical Operation and Real 
 
 Effect of the Duties on Paper, by J. R. M'Culloch. 1836. 
 
 3. The Newspaper Stamp and the Newspaper Postage Compared, 
 
 by John Crawfurd, F.R.S. 1836. 
 
 4. Taxes on Ivnowledge : a Financial and Historical View of 
 
 the Taxes which impede the Education of the People, by 
 John Crawfurd, Ksq., F.R.S. 1836. 
 
 5. The Newspaper Stamp and the Duty on Paper Viewed in 
 
 Relation to their Effects upon the Diffusion of Ivnowledge, by 
 Charles Knight, Esq. 1836. 
 
 6. The Newspaper Stamp and Advertisement Duties, &c. 1836. 
 
 7. The Tin Duties, by Sir C. Lemon, Bart., M.P. 1853. 
 
 8. The Justice and Utility of a Property Tax. 
 
 9. Post-Office Reform, its Importance and Practicability, by Row- 
 
 land Hill, 1837. 
 
 10. Observations on the Produce of the Income Tax, and on its 
 
 Proportion to the Whole Income of Great Britain, by the Rev 
 H. Beeke, B.D. 1800. 
 
 11. The Constitutional Right to a Revision of the Land Tax, &c. 
 
 2d edition. 1842 
 
 1. Report of the Poor Law Commissioners on Local Taxation, ^ 
 
 1844. 
 
 2. Evidence of G. C. Lewis, Esq., M.P., before Lords' Committee 
 
 on Parochial Assessments, Session 1850. 1850. 
 
 3. The Indian Revenue System as it Is, by Harvey Tuckett, Gent j 
 
 1840. I 
 
 4. The Constitutional Right to a Revision of the Land Tax, 1842. J 
 
 1. The Comparative Merits of Direct and Indirect Taxation by~ 
 
 W. B. 1846. 
 
 2. Thoughts on the Principles of Taxation, by Charles Babbage, 
 
 Esq. 1848. 
 
 3. A Per-centage Tax on Domestic Expenditure to Supply the 
 
 Whole of the Public Revenue, by John Revans, 1847, 
 
 4. Property Tax versus Income Tax, 1848. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 [ 1 vol. 
 
 1 voL 
 
361 
 
 Taxation and Fcnpino, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 5. Speech in the House of Commons. 24th Febniary 1848, on the 
 
 Ecpeal of the Window Tax, by Lord Dunoan, 184S. 
 
 6. A Few Words on Behalf of the Middle Classes on tJie Subject of 
 
 Income Tax, 1847. 
 
 7. Suggestions for the Kepcalof the Assessed Taxes, &c., 1848. 
 
 8. Two Letters contaiuinf^ Sngfrestions for a I'roperty Tax on an 
 
 Improved Basis, by K. S. B. 1848. 
 
 9. The Financial and Commercial Crisis Considered, by Lord 
 
 Ashburton. 1847. )■ 1 vol. 
 
 10. A Letter to the Eight lion, the Earl of Clarendon on the Copper 
 
 Ore Duties, 1847, by Sir Charles Lemon, Bart 
 
 11. A Letter to Lord Clarendon on the same Subject, in Reply to 
 
 Sir C. Lemon, by Charles Brownell, Esq. 1847. 
 
 12. Eeniarks upon Recent Commercial Legislation, by the Right 
 
 Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P. 1845. 
 
 13. A Popular Treatise on our Financial System, 1846. 
 
 14. A Letter to Sir Robert Peel on the Tea Duties, 1845. 
 
 15. The Income Tax Extended to all Classes, by William Rae 
 
 Smee. 
 ] 6. Financial Statement of the Right Hon. II. Goulbum, Chancellor 
 
 of the Exchequer, 29th ]\Iay 1846. 1846. 
 17. The New American Tariff of 30th August 1842. 
 
 1. Taxation, its Nature and Properties, by Alexander Gibbon, Esq.,"| 
 
 1851. 
 
 2. Tax on Successions and Burdens on Land, by P. B. Brodie, Esq. 
 
 with MS. note, 1850. 
 
 3. The Tin Duties, 1833. 
 
 4. The Pressure of Taxation in this and other Countries, by G. W. 
 
 Norman, Esq., 1850. 
 
 5. Financial Reform, by John Macgregor, Esq., M.P. 1849. 
 
 6. Remarks on Some Popular Objections to the present Income 
 
 Tax, by J. M. Maeleod, 1849. 
 
 7. Obsen-ations on the Elements of Taxation, &c., by S. Sanders, J- 1 vol. 
 
 1850. 
 
 8. Reasons for the Repeal of the Railway Passenger Tax, by G. II. 
 
 Lang, 1851. 
 
 9. Struggles of a Book against Excessive Taxation, by Charles 
 
 Knight, 1850. 
 
 10. Fallacies of Taxation, by Richard Ileathfield, 1851. 
 
 11. The Wine Trade, and its History and Taxation, by T. G. Shaw, 
 
 1851. 
 
 12. The Incidence of the Annuity Tax, by Thomas Murray, LL.D. 
 
 2d edition, 1848. 
 
 1. "Speech of C. Poulett Thomson, Esq., in the House of Commons," 
 
 26th March 1830, on the Taxation of the United Kingdom, 
 1830. 
 
 2. Observations on the Duty on Sea-borne Coal, 1830. 
 
 3. Remarks upon the Revenue of Customs, 1830. 
 
 4. Letter to Lord Althorp on the Duty on Printed Cottons, 1830. 
 
 5. Debate on Mr. Hyde Villiers' Motion respecting the Oporto 
 
 Wine Company, 15th June 1830. 1830. 
 
 6. Letters on the Duties on Coffee, by Edgar Corrie, Esq. 2d edi- 
 
 tion, 1808. 
 
 7. Considerations on the Expediency of Continuing the Property 
 
 Tax, 1815. 1.1 
 
 8. Theory and Facts regarding the Imposition of Tithes, by Jlajor f ^ ^ "^' 
 
 M. J. Court, 1826. 
 
 9. The Injurious Effects of Tithes, 1830. 
 10. Thoughts on a Poll Tux, 1825. 
 
362 
 
 . 8vo. 1 voL 
 
 Taxation and Funding, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 11. Questions respecting the National Debt Stated and Answered, by 
 
 John Cazenove, 1829. 
 
 12. Letter respecting Taxes on Knowledge, 1831. 
 
 13. Taxes on Knowledge, Debate on the House of Commons, 15th 
 
 June 1832. 1832. 
 
 14. Manufactures Improper Subjects of Taxation, 1785. 
 
 15. Letters on the Hardships of the Excise Laws relating to Malt 
 
 and Beer, 1774. 
 
 1. Essay on the Supposed Advantages of a Sinking Fund, by Lord 
 
 Grenville, 1828. 
 
 2. A Letter to Lord Grenville on the Sinking Fund, by J. P. 
 
 Courtenay, Esq., M.P., 1828. 
 
 3. A Letter to the Duke of Wellington in answer to Lord Grenville's 
 
 Essay, 1828. 
 
 4. Three Letters to the Duke of Wellington on the Nature and 
 
 Tendency of a Sinking Fund, by the Earl of Lauderdale, 1829. 
 
 5. The Public Debt, its Influence and Management, by M. B., 1831. 
 
 6. Article on the Finance Accounts of 1822, from the Edinburgh 
 
 Review, No. 77. 
 
 7. Article on the Progress of the National Debt, and best Method 
 
 of Funding, from the Edinburgh Review, No 93. 
 
 ' Newmarch on the Loans raised by Mr. Pitt during the War, from 
 1793 to 1801. Svo. 1855. 
 Taylor : Elements of the Civil Law, by John Taylor, LL.D. 3d edition. 
 4to. London, 1786. 
 The gift of my old fi-iend Alexander Henderson, Esq. 
 
 " A work," says Gibbon, " of amusing, though various reading ; but which cannot be 
 praised for philosophical precision." — (Decline and Fall, c. 44, note.) 
 
 A Summary of the Roman Law, taken from Dr. Taylor's Elements. 
 
 8vo. London, 1772. 
 Tegoboeski : Des Finances et du Credit Public de I'Autriche, par M. 
 
 L. de Tegoborski. Svo. 2 vols. Paris, 1843. 
 
 Forces Productives de la Russie. 8vo. 4 vols. Paris, V.Y. 
 
 The latter Work in English. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1855-6. 
 
 Essai sur les Consequences Eventuelles de la Decouverte des Gites 
 
 Auriferes en Californie et Australie. Svo. Paris, 1853. 
 
 Teissier : Les Eloges des Hommes savans, tirez de I'Histoire de M. de 
 Thou, avec des Additions par M. Teissier. 4me edition. 12mo. 4 vols. 
 a Leyde, 1715. 
 A work containing a great deal of literary history and information. It is but seldom 
 to be met with. 
 
 Telejiaque. See Fenelon. 
 
 Temminck : Coup-d'O^il General sur les Possessions Neerlandaises dans 
 
 ITnde Archipelagique, par O. J. Temminck. Svo. 3 vols. Leide, 
 
 1846, &c. 
 
 Temple : The Works of Sir William Temple, Bart., to which is prefixed 
 an Account of his Life and Character. Folio. 2 vols. London, 
 1750. Old Russia, gilt. 
 
 The same. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1757. Bright old calf, ex. 
 
 Excursions in the Mediterranean, Algiers, and Tunis, by Sir 
 
 Grenville T. Temple, Bart. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1835. 
 
363 
 
 Temples, Dissertation siir Ics. 12mo. Geneva, 171G. 
 Tennemann — JoiixsON : A Manual of the History of Philopoplij, from 
 the German of Tonneraann, by the Rev. Arthur Johnson. 8vo. Ox- 
 ford, 1832. Calf, ex. <S'cc, also, Philosophy, History of. 
 Tennent (Sir James Emerson) : Ceylon, an Aecount of the Island, 
 Physical, Historical, and Topographical, by, &c. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 London, l8o9. 
 A vahiable and very successful work, the gift of my intelligent friend the author. 
 On the Wine Duties. See Taxation, Works on ; see, also, Emer- 
 son. 
 Terence : The Comedies of Terence, by George Colman. See Classics 
 and Translations. 
 
 Teurassox: Sethos, Histoire ou Vic tireo des Monumens Anecdotes do 
 I'Ancienne Egypte, (par M. I'Abbe Terrasson). 12mo. 3 vols. 
 Paris, 1731. 
 
 "I borro-wed of M. B. a French moral and political romance of the Abbe' Terrasson, 
 called Sethos. The beginning is fine, the description of the manners of the Court 
 of Memphis is -worthy of Tacitus; and the system of the Egyptian initiation is a 
 very happy thought ; but unluckily the interest of the piece gradually diminishes 
 in every book till you arrive at the catastrophe, -which is very cold and unnatural. 
 As to the stjle, it is pure and elegant, scarcely ever elevated, and never animated. 
 The Abbe Terrasson had too mathematical a head to excel in the language of 
 description, and too stoic a heart to shine in that of the passions. His feelings, 
 ho-wever, are just, though not -warm. The -whole -work breathes a spirit of virtue 
 and humanity, -which renders it veiy amiable." — (Gibbon, Misc. Works, v. 288 ; 
 see. also, iv. 49.5.) 
 
 And elsewhere the historian observes : — V The author of Sethos was a scholar and 
 philosopher. His book has far more originality and variety than Telemachus, 
 yet Sethos is forgotten, and Telemachus will be immortal. That harmony of stjle, 
 and the great talent of speaking to the heart and passions, which Fcnelon pos- 
 sessed, was unknown to TeiTasson. I am not suii)rised that Homer was admired 
 by the one and criticised by the other." — (Misc. Works, iv. 195.) 
 
 ■ Histoire de la Jurisprudence Romaine, par M. Ant. Terrasson. 
 
 Folio. Paris, 1750. Calf, ex., gilt leaves. 
 This work has been spoken slightingly of by Gibbon, and Berriat de St. Prix says 
 that it is verj' inferior to the works of Gravina, Heineccius, &c., on the same sub- 
 ject. But, despite its defects, there is brought together in it a great deal of valuable 
 information, judiciously aiTanged, and set in a clear point of view. 
 
 Test Act, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. History of the Test Act. 
 
 2. The Dispute Adjusted, &c., 1790. 
 
 3. A Full and Fair Discus.sion of the Pretensions of the Dissenters, 
 
 1790. 
 
 4. Bishop Sherlock's Argument Against a Eepeal of the Test Act, 
 
 1790. 
 
 5. Bishop Hoadley's Befutation of Bishop Sherlock. 
 
 6. Dr. Priestley's Sermon on the Conduct to be observed by Dis- 
 
 senters, 1789. 
 
 7. The Bight of Protestant Dissenters to a Compleat Toleration 
 
 Asserted, by a Layman. 3d edition, 1790. 
 
 8. Dr. Price's Discourse on the Love of our Country, Nov. 4th, . „ i ^i 
 
 1789, with an Apjl^ndix. j> 8\0. 1 \0l. 
 
 9. f)bser\ations on Dr. Price's Bevolution Sermon, 1790. 
 10. ()bser\'ations on the Case of Dissenters, by Dr. Hornc, (after- 
 wards Bi.shop of Norwich). 1 790. 
 
364. 
 
 Test Act, Tracts on — cont. 
 
 11. Letters to the People of England on the Kepeal of the Test Act, 
 
 by a Graduate of Oxford, 1790. 
 
 12. Speeches of Lord North on tlie Test Act in the House of Com- 
 
 mons, March 28th, 1787, and May 8th, 1789. 
 
 13. Debate in the House of Commons on the Repeal of the Corpora- 
 
 tion and Test Acts, March 2d, 1790. 2d edition. 
 
 14. Lord Petre's Letter to the Right Rev. Dr. Horsley, Bishop of St. 
 
 David's, 1790. 
 
 A very curious collection, and now all but impossible to be formed. 
 Testamentum Novum Jesu Christi, Theodoro Beza interprete. Small 
 
 8vo. Loudou, 1574. Mor., gilt. 
 Teten's Considerations. See Maritime Law, &c. 
 Theatre. See Drama, Works on. 
 Theophrastus — Hill: The History of Stones, by Theophrastus; with 
 
 an English Version and Notes, by John Hill. 8vo. London, 1746. 
 Thierry : Histoire de la Conquete de I'Angleterre par les Normands 
 de ses Causes et de ses Suites, par M. Augustin Thierry, 
 6me ed. 8vo. 5 vols. Paris, 1843. Calf, ex. 
 .. Dix Ans d'Etudes Historiques, par Augustin Thierry. 8vo. 
 Paris, 1836. 
 
 Lettres sur I'Histoire de France. 8vo. 1834. 
 
 Thiers : Histoire de la Revolution Fran9aise, par M. A. Thiers. 13me 
 ed. 8vo. 10 vols. Paris, 1847. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 De la Propriete. See Political Economy. 
 
 Brochures de M. Thiers. 8vo. Paris, V.Y. Half calf. 
 
 Thirl WALL : The History of Greece, by Counop Thirlwall, D.D., Bishop 
 of St, David's. A new edition. 8vo. 8 vols. London, 1845, &c. 
 From Messrs. Longman, the publishers. 
 Thomas : QEuvres de M. Thomas, de I'Academie Fran9oise. Nouvelle 
 edition, revue, corrigee, et augmentee. 8vo. 4 vols. Amst., 1773. 
 Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 Thomson : Travels in Sweden during the Autumn of 1812, by Thomas 
 Thomson, M.D.,F.R.S. 4to. Loudou, 1813. 
 
 The History of the Royal Society from its Institution to the end 
 
 of the Eighteenth Century, by Thomas Thomson, M.D., F.R.S. 
 4to. London, 1812. Russia. 
 " This work was published as a companion to the Abridgment of the Philosophical 
 Transactions in 18 vols. 4to. It gives a view of the rise and progress of the 
 various sciences which form the subjects of the contributions to that voluminous 
 and important work, interspersed with biographical sketches of many of the most 
 illustrious contributors. It contains two complete lists of the Fellows of the Royal 
 Society, from its foundation ; the one chronological ; the other alphabetically 
 arranged." 
 
 . (James) : The Works of, with a Life of the Author, by Patrick 
 
 Murdoch, D.D. Post 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1788. 
 . • The same. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1788. Large paper, calf, ex. 
 
 Johnson says of Thomson, — " As a writer he is entitled to one praise of the highest 
 kind ; his mode of thinking, and of expressing his thoughts, is original. His 
 blank verse is no more the blank verse of Milton, or of any other poet, than the 
 rhymes of Prior are the rhymes of Cowley. His numbers, his pauses, his diction. 
 
365 
 
 Thomson — cont. 
 
 are of liis own growth, without transcription, without imitation. lie thinks in a 
 peculiar train, and he thinks always as a man of genius ; he looks round on 
 nature and on life with the eye which nature hcstows only on a p^et ; the eye 
 that distinguishes in everything presented to its view, whatever there is on 
 which imagination can delight to he detiiincd, and with a mind that at once 
 compreheuds the vast, and attends to the minute. The reader of the " Seasons " 
 wonders that lie never saw before what Thomson shows him, and that he never 
 yet has felt what Thomson impresses." — (Life of Thomson.) 
 
 A System of Chemistry, by Thomas Thomson, M.D., Professor of 
 
 Chemistry, University of Ghvsgow. 8vo. 4 vols, London, 1817. 
 
 Treatise on the Territorial Taxation of Scotland. See Taxation, 
 
 &c., AVorks on. 
 Thomson — Ixnes : Memoir of Tliomas Tliomson, Advocate, hy Cosmo 
 Inncs, Esq, Svo. Edinluirjih, 18.34, with the Catalogue of Mr. Thomson's 
 Books sold by auction in 1841. 1 vol, Mor,, ex. 
 
 The ^temoir was printed at the expense of my friend, Mr. Gibson Craig, of Edin- 
 burgh, by whom the volume was given to me. 
 
 TnORXTOX : The Present State of Turkey, or Description of the Political 
 
 Civil, and Religious Constitution, Government, and Laws of the 
 
 Ottoman Empire, by Thomas Thornton, Esq. 2d edition. Svo. 
 
 2 vols. London, 1809. 
 
 Lord Broughton, than whom there can be no higher authority, states, that in his 
 
 judgment Mr. Thornton has given " the truest and most satisfactory account of the 
 
 Tm-kish government." — (Travels in Albania, &c., ii. 293, ed. 1855.) 
 
 A Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the East 
 
 India Company, and of the* Native States on the Continent of 
 Lidia, by Edward Thornton, Esq. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1854. 
 
 Presentation copy from the author. 
 
 A work compiled with great care and industry. 
 
 Thuanus, De Thou. See Collinson. 
 
 TiGHE : Statistical Observations relative to the County of Kilkenny in 
 1800 and 1801. Svo. Dublin, 1802. 
 
 TiLLEMONT : Histoire des Empereurs Romains, par Sebastian le Nain de 
 Tillemont. 4to. 6 vols. Paris, 1690, &c. Old red mor. 
 Gibbon says that " Tillemont's inimitable accuracy almost assumes the character 
 of genius." — (Misc. Works, 1. 313.) And elsewhere he observes : — " Here 
 I jaust take leave for ever of that incomparable guide, whose bigotry is 
 overbalanced by the merits of erudition, diligence, veracity, and scrupulous 
 minuteness." — (Decline and Fall, c. 47.) 
 
 TiLLOTSON : The Works of Dr. John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury. Svo. 12 vols. London, 1757. Old calf, gilt. 
 " Although Tillotson cannot be recommended as an elegant and polished writer, yet 
 his style is remarkably simple and unaffected. It has already been observed that 
 he has no pretensions to genuine eloquence, if that term be understood to include 
 vehemence and stn-ngth of expression, the beauties of figurative language, and the 
 correct and harmonious arrangement of sentences. His real merit, however, must 
 not he overlooked. A constant vein of piety and good sense runs through all his 
 works ; his manner is earnest and serious ; and so much useful instruction is con- 
 veyed in a natural style, that his works can never be suffered to fall into disrepute. 
 They will be held in estimation as long as the English language is understood ; 
 not indeed as models of eloquence, but as the productions of an amiable writer 
 •whose manner is strongly expressive of his innate goodness of heart. ' There is,' 
 
366 
 
 TiLLOTSON — conf. 
 
 says Goldsmith, 'nothing peculiar in the language of Archbishop Tillotson, but 
 his manner of writing is inimitable ; for one who reads him wonders why he him- 
 self did not speak and think in that very manner. The turn of his periods is 
 agreeable, though artless ; and everything he says seems to flow spontaneously 
 from inward convictions.' " — (Irving on Composition, 236.) 
 
 Life of. See Birch. 
 
 TiiUKOWSKi : Travels through Mon,2:olia to China, and Residence in Pekin, 
 in 1820 and 1821, by George Timkowski, with Notes by Klaproth. 
 Translated by H. C. Lloyd. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1827. 
 
 TiMOUR : Instituts de Tamerlan, proprement appelle Timour, par L. Lan- 
 gles. Svo. Paris, 1787. 
 
 TiRABOSCHi : Storia della Letteratura Italiana del Abate Girolamo Tira- 
 
 boschi. 2da edizione Modenese. 4to. In 16 parts. Modena, 1787. 
 
 Italian vellum. 
 
 This is the greatest and most perfect literary history of which any country can boast. 
 
 It includes every department of literature; and comprises the whole series of years 
 
 from the Etruscan and early Koman periods down to the close of the 17th century. 
 
 It is elaborated throughout with the greatest care, and is one of the highest 
 
 authorities to which it is possible to refer in regard to the various matters of which 
 
 it treats. " In full and clear exposition, in minute and exact investigation of facts, 
 
 Tiraboschi has few superiors ; and such is his good sense in criticism that we must 
 
 regret the sparing use he has made of it." — (Preface to Ilallam's Literature of 
 
 Europe.) 
 
 ToCQTTEViLLE : L'Ancien Regime at la Revolution, parM. De Tocqueville. 
 Svo. Paris, 1856. 
 
 ToDERiNi : Trattato deUa Letteratura Turchesca, dell' Abate Giam. To- 
 derini. Svo. 3 vols. Venezia, 1787. Calf, ex. 
 
 ToFiNO : Espana Maritima, or Spanish Coasting Pilot, by Tofino. From 
 the Spanish, by John Dougall. 4to. London, 1812. 
 
 ToLAND : A Collection of Several Pieces of Mr. John Toland (including 
 History of the Druids) ; now first published, with Memoirs of his Life 
 and Writings, by M. Des Maizeaux. Svo. 2 vols. London, 1726. 
 
 ToLANDi : Adeisidasmon, sive Titus Livius a Superstitione vindicatus, 
 et Origines Judaicae, auct. J. Tolando. 12mo. Hag. Comitis, 
 170S. 
 
 Defensio Religionis, necnon Mosis et Gentis Judaicse, contra 
 
 Dissertationes J. Tolandi, auct. Jacobo Fayo. 12mo. Ultra- 
 jecti, 1709. 
 These Dissertations, -which are very scarce, are bound together in 1 vol., old red 
 mor. 
 
 ToMLiNE : A Dissertation on Calvinism, by George Tomline, D.D. 
 Bishop of Lincoln. Svo. London, 1811. Calf, ex. 
 
 TooKE : "Eirea XTre/jsevTa, or the Diversions of Purley, by John Home 
 Tooke, revised by Richard Taylor, F.S.A., F.S.S. Svo. 
 2 vols. London, 1829. 
 ■ The Pantheon, representing the Histories of the Heathen Gods, 
 &c., by Andrew Tooke, A.M. 12mo. London, 1783. 
 
367 
 
 Tooke: a History of Prices, and of llic SJato of the Circulation, from 
 1793 to 1847, -with Remarks on the Corn Laws, &c., by Thomas Tooke, 
 Esq., F.R.S. 8vo. 6 vols. London, 1838-56. 
 The girt of my late excellent friend tlie author. 
 
 Mr. Tooke was largely assisted in the compilation of the last two volumes by 
 Mr. Wni. iS'cwmarch, of the (J lobe Insurance Office, who is advantageously known 
 by his skill in statistical coniimtations. The work embodies much valuable 
 information. Besides sjiecifying the prices of a vast variety of articles at different 
 times and for lengthened periods, it traces the causes of their rise and fall, &c. 
 There is occasionally room for doubt whether some of the conclusions come to 
 be quite correct. l?ut there can be no doubt in regard to the care with which the 
 details that serve for their foundation have been brought together. And these 
 furnish means by which to test and rectify the inferences derived from them. 
 
 ToKUEXS (Colonel). See Commerce, Political Economy, &c. 
 
 TouLMiN : An Historical View of the State of the Protestant Dissenters 
 
 in England, by Joshua Toulmin, D.D. 8vo. 1814. 
 TouRNEFORT : Relation d'un Voyage du Levant, par M. Pitton de Tourne- 
 fort. 4to. 2 vols. Paris, 1717. Old green mor., Derome. 
 This is one of the very best of the innumerable works on the Levant. Owing to the 
 author being a distinguished botanist, botanical investigations are a good deal 
 attended to. But the state of the coimtries which he visited, and the famous ruins 
 with which they are studded, are concisely and learnedly described, and illustrated 
 by short notices of their history. 
 
 ToussAiXT (Fr. Vine), Les Mocurs de M. 12mo. 3 parties en 1 vol. 
 
 Paris, 1748. Olive mor., gilt. 
 TOAVNSEXD, The Rev. Joseph, the following Works of, viz. : — 
 ■ ' A Journey through Spain in 1786 and 1787, with Particular 
 
 Attention to the Agriculture, JManufactures, Commerce, 8fC. of 
 that Country. 2d edition. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1792. 
 
 N.B. — A copy of Arrowsmith's excellent map of Spain, and a portrait, are inserted 
 in this copy. 
 
 This is an able, a philosophical, and an excellent work. The industry, the govern- 
 ment, and the institutions of Spain are accurately described, Ard the circumstances 
 that had reduced them to the condition of semi-paralysis and degradation, in 
 which they were then involved, are carefully traced and exhibited. There are few 
 works that furnish so much valuable information in regard to the political economy 
 of nations. 
 
 Free Thoughts on Despotic and Free Governments.^ -r, 
 
 1781. I ^°^* ^^°- 
 
 'A Dissertation on the Poor Laws, by a Well-wisher f" r^ Z 
 
 to Mankind. 1786. J <-alf, ex. 
 
 This Dissertation is extremely well written. And though I beg entirely to dissent from 
 the author's views in regard to the impolicy of a statutory pro-\asion for the support 
 of the poor, it must be admitted that he has set some of the principal objections to 
 such pro\-ision in the clearest light, and has, also, exposed many of the abuses with 
 which the administration of the poor laws was formerly infected. But the Tract is 
 chiefly remarkable for its supposed elucidation of the theory of population. 
 The following extract affords, indeed, as perfect an illustration as can well be 
 imagined of the balance, where the lower animals only are concerned, between 
 population and food, and of their influence on each other. It is not so much a 
 foreshadowing of Malthus' theory as the theoiy itself. Had it been presented in 
 a more detailed and systematic manner it would have anticipated the Essay on 
 Population. 
 
 ** In the South Seas there is an island, which from the first discoverer is called Juan 
 Feruaudtis. In this bequestcrcd spot John ITemando placed a colony of goats, 
 
368 
 
 TowNSEND — cont. 
 
 consisting of one male attended by his female. This happy couple, finding pasture 
 in abundance, could readily obey the first commandment, to increase and multiply, 
 till in process of time they had replenished their little island.* In advancing to 
 this period they were strangers to misery and want, and seemed to glory in their 
 numbers ; but fi-om this unhappy moment they began to suffer hunger ; yet con- 
 tinuing for a time to increase their numbers, had they been endued with reason, 
 they must have apprehended the extremity of famine. In this situation the 
 weakest first gave way, and plenty was again restored. Thus they fluctuated 
 between happiness and misery, and either suffered want or rejoiced inabundance, 
 according as their numbers were diminished or increased, never at a stay, yet nearly 
 balancing at all times their quantity of food. This degree of sequipoise was from 
 time to time destroyed, either by epidemical diseases or by the arrival of some 
 vessel in distress. On such occasions their numbers were considerably reduced ; 
 but to compensate for this alarm, and to comfort them for the loss of their com- 
 panions, the survivors never failed immediately to meet returning plenty. They 
 ■were no longer in fear of famine ; they ceased to regard each other with an evil 
 eye ; all had abundance, all were contented, all were happy. Thus, what might 
 have been considered as misfortunes proved a source of comfort ; and to them, at 
 least, partial evil was universal good. 
 
 " When the Spaniards found that the English privateers resorted to this island for 
 provisions they resolved on the total extirpation of the goats, and for this purpose 
 they put on shore a greyhound dog and a bitch -.t these in their turn increased and 
 multiplied in proportion to the quantity of food they met with ; but in consequence, 
 as the Spaniards had foreseen, the breed of goats diminished. Had they been 
 totally destroyed, the dogs likewise must have perished ; but, as many of the goats 
 retired to the craggy rocks, where the dogs could never follow them, descending only 
 for short intervals to feed with fear and circumspection in the vallies, few of these, 
 besides the careless and the rash, became a prey ; and none but the most watchful, 
 strong, and active of the dogs could get a sufficiency of food. Thus a new kind 
 of balance was established. The weakest of both species were among the first to 
 pay the debt of nature. The most active and vigorous preserved their lives." 
 
 Nothing can be more appropriate than this illustration when applied to the case of 
 the lower animals, but it fails altogether in its application to men. And yet the 
 apparently not very recondite consideration that the latter are neither goats nor 
 dogs, and are not alone governed by that animal instinct that governs these usefiil 
 creatures does not seem ever to have occurred to Mr. Townsend or Mr. Malthus. 
 But, whatever these gentlemen may allege to the contrary, men look forward to the 
 consequences of their actions ; and except, perhaps, in the case of the least civilized 
 and most barbarous hordes, population is never checked by the mere want of food. 
 On the contrary, the supply of necessary accommodations has continued in almost 
 all countries to outrun the increase of population, as is shown by the condition of 
 society having been almost everywhere progressively and greatly improved. It 
 is singular, indeed, how, with the example of the civilized world before them, 
 Messrs. Townsend, Malthus, Chalmers, and others should have all but wholly lost 
 sight of the circumstances which naturally grow out of the progress of society to 
 countervail the principle of increase, and to make its influence harmonize with 
 and depend upon the supplies of food and other accommodations. 
 
 TeACTS (Ancient) concerning the Management of Landed Property. 8vo. 
 
 Reprinted. London, 1767. Calf, ex. 
 — — Miscellaneous, separate Tracts, half-bound, viz. : — 
 
 Mackintosh on the Law of Nature and Nations, 1800. 
 
 A Vindication of Commerce and the Arts, 1758. 
 
 Hamilton's Report on Manufactures, 1793. 
 
 Fielding's Inquiry into the Increase of Robbers, 1751. 
 
 Alcock on the Poor Laws, 1752. 
 
 Proposals by the Prince of Orange on Trade of Holland, 1751. Rare. 
 
 Dampier, i. c. 4. t Ulloa, lib. ii. c. 4. 
 
369 
 
 Tracts — cont. 
 
 Beeke on the Produce of the Income Tax, 1800. 
 
 Price on the American Hevolution, 1785. 
 
 Duke of Ivichniond'.s Bill on I'arlianientary Kcfonn, 178.T. 
 
 Tracts in answer to Dr. Price's Publications on the National DcM, 17 72. 
 
 Blake's Obsenations on Exchange, 1810. 
 
 Sieves. Qu'est-ce que les Tiers Etat ? 1789. 
 
 SirF. M. Eden. Bart., on Insurance. 180r.. 
 
 Historical Sketch of the Bank of Enj^land (M'Culloch), 18.31. 
 
 Biographical Notices (^I'Cnliocli), V. Y. 
 
 Survey of Animal ("reation (Ke[)rint). 1800. 
 
 Baper's Imiuiry into the Vahie of (ireek and Boman Money. IS.OG. 
 
 An Inquiry into the Price of Provisions, by a Eanner, 177."i. 
 
 State of tlie Nation in 172(1. 
 
 AVheeler's Treatise of Commerce, IGOl. Bare. 
 
 Beccaria's Introductory Discourse on Political Economy, 17C9. 
 
 Biilessioni sulla Moneta. 
 
 Townsend's Dissertation on the Poor Laws, 178G. 
 
 Falconer's Voyage of Ilanno, 1797. 
 
 Dr. Bell on the Peasantry of Ireland, 1804. 
 
 Turgot on the Distribution of AVealth, 1793. 
 
 Considerations on the Million Bill, 1787. 
 
 Considerations sur les Intercts du Tiers Etat, 1 788. 
 
 Rea.sons for a Limited Exportation of Wool, 1677. Bare. 
 
 Dialogues on Value, 1824. (De Quincey.) 
 
 Constant, Coramentaire sm- Filangieri, 1822. 
 
 Philippine Islands, 1828. 
 
 Price's Tracts on the National Debt, and ^Morgan's Beview, 1774-92. 
 
 Sir Thomas Turton's Defence of Corn Dealers, 1800. 
 
 Mirabeau, Dt'nonciation de I'Agiotage, 1787. 
 
 Anderson (Dr.) on Corn Laws and tjcarcity, 1777-1801. Verj^ scarce. 
 
 Schomberg's Laws of Rhodes, 1786. 
 
 Gray's Tracts on the Wealth of Nations and the Income Tax, 1797-1802. 
 
 War in Disguise, 180.5. 
 
 Taxation no Tyranny, 1775. 
 
 Sir Dudley North on Trade (original edition), 1691. See Commerce, &c. 
 
 Comyn, Estado de las Islas Filipinas en 1810. 
 
 Deslande's Essay on Maritime Power, 1743. 
 
 Malynes on Free Trade, 1622. 
 
 Malynes' Canker of England's Commonwealth, 1601. 
 
 Barbon on Money, 1696. 
 
 Internal Policy of Great Britain, 1764. 
 
 Faction detected by the Evidence of Facts, 1743. 
 
 1. Considerations Historiques et Diplomatiques sur les Ambassade 
 
 des Bomains, par C. A. AVeiske, 1834. 
 
 2. Mcmoire sur le Preambule d'un Edit de I'Empereur Diocletien, \- 8vo. 1 \o\. 
 
 par M. de Fonscolombe, 1829. 
 
 3. Notice sur la Vie de M. Poivre, 1 786. 
 
 Collection of, by Mes.srs. Trencliard iind Gordon. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1751. Calf, ex. 
 
 Tr.vcy : Traitc d'Economie Politique. See Politicjil Economy, Works on, 
 
 (De:^tutt) : Commentaire .sur I'Esprit dt-s Loi.s de Monte.'^quieu' 
 
 par M. D. Tracy. 8vo. Pur i.s, 1819. 
 
 Trades Societies and Strikes. See Political Economy, Work.s on. 
 Trexcii : On the Study of Words, in Six Lectures, hy Dian Trench. 
 8th edit. London, 18.)8 
 
 Eiiirlish, Past and Present, in Five Lectures. yd cd. Loudon 
 
 18oG. 
 
 A A 
 
 J 
 
370 
 
 Trench : Proverbs and their Lessons. 4tli ed. London, 1857. 
 
 These works, by the Rev. Dr. R. C. Trench, Dean of Westminster, are in post 8vo. 
 vols. They are original, ingenious, and interesting, and well deserve the popularity 
 they enjoy. 
 
 Trent : The Catechism of the Council of, published by command of Pope 
 Pius V. Translated from the Latin by the Rev. J. Donovan. 
 8vo. Dublin, 1829. Calf, ex. 
 
 " The Council of Trent had reco|nmended to the Pope to publish a catechism. By 
 the Pope's recommendation a catechism was composed, under the direction of 
 Cardinal BoiToma^o, by several eminent theologians, principally by Father Francis 
 Forciro, a Dominican fi-iar, who had attended the Council in quality of theologian 
 to the King of Portugal. The style was afterwards polished by Julius Poggiani. 
 It is indifferently called the Catechism of the Council of Trent, the Roman 
 Catechism, and the Catechismus ad Parochos. 
 
 " It was first published at Rome, in one volume octavo, by Paulus Manutius, under 
 the title, ' Catechismus Romanus, ex decreto Concilii Tridentini, ad parochos, 
 Pii V. Pontificis Maximi, editus.' It is recommended by the erudition, exactness, 
 and conciseness with which it is written, and by the neatness and elegance of 
 its style. It is, perhaps, the best work which a person who seeks to obtain a 
 clear and comprehensive knowledge of the Roman Catholic creed can peruse." 
 — (Butler on Confessions of Faith, p. 15.) 
 
 The translation by one of the professors at Maynooth is faithful and well written. 
 It were much to be wished that not a few of those who are so eager to engage in 
 discussions affecting the church of Rome would previously make themselves 
 acquainted with this authoritative exposition of her faith and doctiines. This would 
 obviate many mistakes on the part both of her friends and foes. 
 
 Histoire du Concile de Trente, par Fra Paolo Sarpi, traduite en 
 
 Francois, avec Notes, par le Dr. P. F. le Courayer. 4to. 3 voir-. 
 Amsterdam, 1751. Calf, ex., gilt leaves. 
 
 The author of this famous history was one of the most determined enemies of the 
 Popes. He availed himself of every opportunity to oppose their pretensions. He 
 did not, however, withdraw from the Romish communion, and this circumstance, 
 combined with his extraordinary talent, his boldness, and his being protected by 
 the Venetian Government, made him a most formidable opponent. This, which 
 is his principal work, is written with great care, and displays throughout equal 
 art and ability. But despite his efforts to appear impartial, his bias is obvious, and 
 Bossuet is not supposed to have gone too far when he said that Sarpi " n'cst pas 
 tant Vhistorien que Venncmi dechtre du Concile de Trente." (Hist, des Variations, 
 liv. vii. c. 123.) Hence the popularity which the work enjoys among Protestants 
 and the dislike to it prevalent among Catholics. To restore the equilibrimn which 
 Sai-pi had deranged. Cardinal Pallavicino wi'ote a history of the Council of Trent 
 from the opposite, or Catholic, point of view. But though his work is acknow- 
 ledged to be ably executed, and he has exposed some of Sarpi's mistakes and 
 misrepresentations, no more dependance can be placed on his statements and 
 conclusions than on those of his rival. Both of them were partizans, and each 
 was more anxious to promote the success of the cause to which he was attached, 
 than to place the proceedings of the Council in a correct point of view. 
 
 Tiraboschi has treated this subject with great fairness. He does justice to the style 
 and talent of Sarpi, and leaves his trustworthiness to be determined by those who 
 may compare his statements with those of Pallavicino. and with the acts and 
 proceedings of the Council. — (Storia della Letteratura, viii. 131.) 
 
 The translation of Sarpi's work by Courayer, a semi- Protestant divine, is preferred 
 to the original. Prefixed to it is a life of the author and a preface, and it is accom- 
 panied by valuable notes and marginal references. The Protestant tendencies in 
 the work are reproduced and strengthened in the translation. 
 
 It has been qvxestioned whether Sarpi was really attached to Protestant principles, 
 or merely opposed to the usurpations and abuses of the church of Rome. The 
 latter is most probable. There certainly is not much of Protestantism in the 
 advice which Daru tells us he secretly gave to the Council of Ten during the 
 
371 
 
 Ctilciuta, 
 
 TitF.XT — cant. 
 
 quarrel with Paul V. Among other things, he says, 5'<' ncWc cWcmstnvze 
 pubbh'che c hnoiia ri(jitornn:a dd commune, en quella della fedec ncccssaria ; that 
 is, " if in political matters the ignorance of the public is advantageous, in matters 
 of faith it is necessary." — (l)aru, Hist, de Venise, iv. 314, ed. 18:21.) 
 Tkevelyax : A IJeport upon tlio lulaml Custom.^ &c., of the B(Mi<ral 
 rresiik'ncy, by Sir C. E. Trcvclvaii, K.C.B. 8vo 
 183o. 
 On Education in India. 8vo. London, 1838. 
 
 Ti:or : Collection of Tracts on Troy and the Trojan War, viz 
 
 1. Chevalier's Description of the Plain of Troy, translated by Dalzell.~ 
 
 Edinburgh, 1791. 
 
 2. A Dissertation concerning the War of Troy and the Expedition 
 
 of the Greeks, showing that there was no such city in Phrygia, 
 and that no sucii Expedition was ever undertaken, by Jacob 
 Bryant. Eton (1792 ?) 
 
 3. Observations upon a Treatise entitled a " Description of the Plain 
 
 of Troy." by Jacob Bryant. Eton, 179.5. 
 
 4. Some Observations upon the Vindication of Homer, &c., written 
 
 by ]\Ir. ;Morritt, by Jacob Bryant. Eton, 1799. 
 
 5. A Letter to Jacob Brvant, Esq., on his Dissertation on the War 
 
 of Troy, by Gilbert Wakefield, B.A. London, 1797. ■ 
 
 6. Eemarks and Observations on the Plain of Troy, by Captain 
 
 Erancklin, H.E.I.C.S. London, 1800. 
 
 1. A Vindication of Homer and of the Ancient Poets and Historians^ 
 
 who have recorded the Siege and Eall of Troy, by J. B. S. 
 Mon-itt, Esq. London, 1798. 
 
 2. Additional Remarks on the Topography of Troy, &c., in answer 
 
 to I\Ir. Brvant's last Publications, ,by J* B. S. Morritt, Esq. 
 London, 1800. f 
 
 4to. 1 vol. 
 Kussia, 
 uncut. 
 
 4to. 1 vol. 
 Russia, 
 uncut. 
 
 3. The History of Hium or Troy (by Richard Chandler, D.D.) 
 
 London, 1802. 
 
 4. Observations on the Topography of the Plain of Troy, &c., Ijy 
 
 James Rennell, F.R.S., &c. London, 1814. 
 
 See, also, Bryant, Dallaway (Constantinople), Hobhousc (Lord 
 Broughton), Travels in Albania, &c., Maclaien, &c. 
 
 TscuOKKE : Histoire do la Nation Suisse, par M, Henri Tschoklcc, tra- 
 duite de TAUemand par Cb. Monnard. Bvo. Paris, 1823. 
 
 Tlx'ker : A Treatise concerning Civil Government, in Three Parts, by 
 Josiah Tucker, D.D.,l)ean of Gloucester. 8vo. London, 1781. 
 
 'Tracts on Economical Subjects. 8vo. 3 vols. V.Y. 
 
 A very complete and valuable collection. 
 
 Seventeen Sermons. 8vo. Gloucester, 1776. 
 
 The Liaht of Nature Pur.-^ued, by Abraham Tucker, Esq., with 
 
 some'^Account of his Life, by Sir II. P. St. John Mikhnay, 
 Bart., M.P. 2d edition. 8vo. 7 vols. London, 180.5. 
 This is a work that has been much and justly commended. Palcy refers to it ns 
 follows :— " There is, however, one work to which I owe so much, that it would 
 be ungrateful not to confess the obligation ; I mean tlie writings of the late 
 Abraham Tucker, Esq., part of which were published by himself, and the 
 remainder since his death, under the title of ' The Light of Nature Pursued, by 
 Edward Search, Esq.' I have found in this writer more original thinking and 
 observation upon the several subjects that he has taken in hand, than in any 
 other, not to say, than in all others put together. His talent also for illustration 
 is unrivalled. P.ut his thoughts are diffused through a long, various, and irre- 
 
 A A 2 
 
872 
 
 Tucker — cont. 
 
 gular work. I shall account it no mean praise, if I have been sometimes able to 
 dispose into method, to collect into heads and articles, or to exhibit in more com- 
 pact and tangible masses, what, in that otherwise excellent performance, is spread 
 over too much surface."— (Preface to Moral Philosophy.) 
 But notwithstanding this commendation, the work has been but little read. This 
 has been a consequence partly of the author's diffu.se and rambling style, but more of 
 his proneness to repetition, and extreme prolixity. Hence the work is peculiarly 
 well fitted for abridgment. And though a good abridgment be almost as rare as a 
 good original, the dilBculty has in this instance been successfully overcome ; the 
 Abridgment of Tucker by Hazlitt being everything that such a work ought to be. 
 It is executed with great judgment ; and while repetitions are avoided, and use- 
 less verbiage excluded, nothing is omitted that might sei-ve to illustrate and 
 enforce any doctrine or moral discourse of the author. The abridgment has 
 become rather scarce, and it is not creditable to the public taste that it has not 
 been reprinted long ago. 
 
 An Abridgment of the Light of Nature Pursued, (by William 
 
 Hazlitt.) 8vo. London, 1807. Calf, ex. 
 
 A Review of the Financial Situation of the East India Company 
 
 in 1824, by H. St. George Tucker, Esq. 8vo. London, 1825. 
 
 TuRENNE, Memoires du Vicomte de, par M. Ramsay. 12mo. 4 vols. 
 Paris, 1773. Calf, ex. 
 
 Turkey and Greece, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Considerations on the War with the Turks, from the French oV\ 
 
 M. De Volney. 1788. 
 
 2. Eemarks on the Present State of Turkey, &c. 1821. 
 
 3. War in Greece. 1821. 
 
 4. The Cause of Greece the Cause of Europe, from the German. 
 
 1821. 
 
 5. Thoughts on the Greek Revolution, by C. B. Sheridan, Esq. 
 
 1822. 
 
 6. The Policy of England and France at the Present Crisis, with 
 
 respect to the Greeks. Reprinted from the Letters of Viator 
 in the Morning Chronicle. 1822. 
 
 7. An Address to the People of England in the Cause of the 
 
 Greeks, &c., by the Rev. T. S. Hughes. 1822. 
 
 8. Address in Behalf of the Greeks, &c. 1822. 
 
 9. A Letter to the Earl of Liverpool, on the Subject of the Greeks, 
 
 by Thomas Lord Erskine. 3d edition. 1823. 
 
 Turkish Spy. 12mo. 9 vols. London, V.Y. Calf, gilt. 
 
 This work appears to have been planned by Marana, a Genoese. The first volume was 
 published at Paris, in French, whence it was tran.slatedinto English. But Hallam 
 endeavours to show that the subsequent volumes are of English origin (iv. .'iSS), 
 a conclusion which appears to be extremely probable. We, however, are inclined to 
 think that the learned historian has rather overrated the merits of these Letters. 
 The idea on which they proceed is a happy one ; but, speaking generally, they do 
 not appear to be written by a person particularly well versed in the politics of 
 the time, and are of inferior interest to Howell's Letters, which refer to nearly the 
 same period. The mask under which he conceals himself gives the author 
 the means of safely ridiculing some of the practices and doctrines involved in the 
 Catholic and other creeds, and in philosophical systems. 
 
 TuRNBULL : Travels in and Account of Austria, by P. E. Turnbull, Esq., 
 F.R.S. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1840. Calf, ex. Map inserted. 
 
 The Principles of Moral Philosophy, an Inquiry into the Wise and 
 
 Good Government of the Moral World, by George Turnbull, 
 LL.D. 8vo. 2 vols. London. 1740. 
 
 vol. 
 
37;> 
 
 TuRNBULL : A Mi'tliodical System of Universal Law, from the Latin of 
 
 J. (t. Ileiner^cins, with Notes and a Discourse upon tlie Natnr(> and 
 
 Obligation of Moral and Civil Laws. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1741. 
 
 Tl'RXEK : The History of the Anglo-Saxons, from the Earliest Period to 
 
 the Norman Conquest, l>v Siuiron Turner, F.K.S. &e. otli 
 
 edition. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1828. Calf, ex., II. i(c B. 
 
 Aeeount of an Embassy to Tibet, by Captain Sam. Turner. 4to. 
 
 London, 1800. Russia, ex. 
 Tliumx : Ilistoire du Gouvernemcnt des Anciennes Republiques, par 
 
 yi. Turpin. 12mo. Paris, 1769. Veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 Twiss : View of the Progress of Political Economy. See Political 
 
 Economy, Works on. 
 
 Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772 and 1773, by Richard 
 
 Twiss, Esq., F.R.S. 4to, London, 177o. 
 TvxDAi.L : The Island of Saidinia, including Pictures of the Manners and 
 Customs of the Sardinians, with Notices of their Antiqnitii's, History, 
 &c., by J. W. Tyndall, M.A. Post 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1849. Calf, 
 ex. 
 TvKT.EUS : Spartan Lessons, or The Praise of Valour, by Greek and 
 English. 4to. Foulis, Glasgow, 1759. Mor., uncut. Beautifully 
 printed. 
 Tytler : Essay on the Principles of Translation, by A. F. Tytler (Lord 
 Woodhouselee). London, 1813. Calf, ex. 
 A classical publication, to which we have frequently refeiTcd. 
 
 Elements of General History, Ancient and Modern, with a Con- 
 
 tinuation to 18oo, by Edward Narcs, D.D., and J. H. Burton, 
 8vo. London, 18oo. 
 A well-executed, useful abridgment. 
 
 Life of Karnes. See Kames. 
 
 History of Scotland, by P. F. Tytler, 3d edition. 8vo. 7 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1845. Pale calf, H. & B. 
 A valuable work, though in many respects deficient. The pretensions put forward 
 by the author very much exceed his performance. 
 
 PiEDOTKOPiiiA, or the Art of Nursing and Rearing Children ; a 
 
 Poem from the Latin of S. De St. Marthe, with a Life of the 
 Author, &c., by H. W. Tytler, M.D. 8vo. London, 1797. 
 Calf, ex. 
 
 u. 
 
 Ubicini : Lettres sur la Turquie, ou Tableau Statistiquc de I'Empire 
 Ottoman, par M. Ubicini. Post Svo. 2 vols. Paris, 1854. 
 A very excellent work, being the best by far of those recently published on Turkey, 
 
 Ulloa — Juan : Voyage Ilistorique de I'Amerique Meridionale, fait par 
 Ordre du Roi d'Espagne, traduit de I'Espagnol de Don George Juan et 
 Don Antonio de Ulloa ; avec I'Histoire des Yncas du Perou, et des 
 Observations Astronomiques. 4to. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1752. Old 
 French red mor. 
 
374; 
 
 Ulloa — Juan : The same work in Englisli. 3tl edition, 8vo. 2 vols, 
 Loudon,- 1772. Old calf, gilt. 
 This is a very valuable work. It gives an authentic and interesting account of the 
 great countries of Chili and Peru, with notices of other parts of the American 
 continent, and full details of the character and condition of the Indians. The 
 authors were sent out by the Spanish Government to assist in determining the 
 figure of the earth, by measuring a degree of the ten-estrial meridian near the 
 equator ; and their work is, in all respects, of the highest authority. The French 
 translation is incomparably superior to the English. The histoiy of the Incas 
 and the astronomical observations are wanting in the latter, and it also wants the 
 fine plates by which the French work is illustrated. 
 
 Ulloa : Noticias Americanas, por Don Antonio de Ulloa. 4to, Madrid, 
 1772, 
 
 This work consists of a collection of interesting essays on various matters connected 
 with the soil, climate, natural productions, antiquities, languages, &c. of South 
 America. 
 
 Universal History : Ancient Part, 8vo, 21 vol 
 
 'm 
 
 -r T ,w_, * I Old calf, uni- 
 
 London, 17o4, > n^,^ 
 
 1 -r-« , ,^ A , ^ T 1 _ 1 *T -r> I lOl ] 
 
 Modern Part, 8vo. 44 vols. London, l7o9. 
 
 There must, of course, be great differences in so extensive a work, written by a 
 number of persons. Some portions " are executed with much erudition, taste, and 
 judgment " (Gibbon). I have often had occasion to consult it, and have generally 
 met with full and trustworthy information. 
 
 University of London (now University College), the Deed of Settle- 
 ment of the, with Tracts having reference to the Establishment of the 
 same, 8vo, London, 1826. 
 
 Upcott : A Bibliographical Account of the Principal Works relating to 
 English Topography, by William Upcott. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1818. 
 Half mor., uncut. 
 
 Urban : Essai sur I'Origine de I'Ecriture, avec d'autres Brochures, par le 
 Marquis Fortia d'Urban. 8vo. Paris, 1832. 
 
 Ure : The Philosophy of Manufactures, or an Exposition of the Scientific, 
 Moral, and Commercial Economy of the Factory System of 
 Great Britain, by Andrew Ure, M.D. 8vo. Loudon, 1835. 
 
 A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines. 8vo. London, 
 
 1839. 
 
 The History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride, by David Ure, A.M. 
 
 8vo. Glasgow, 1793. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 UrQUHART : Commentaries on Classical Learning, by the Rev. D. H. 
 Urquhart, M.A. 8vo. Loudon, 1803. 
 
 UsTARiz. See Commerce. 
 
 UsuKY', Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Tract against the High Rate of Usury, 1641. 
 
 2. A Discourse showing the many Advantages that will result to 
 
 this Kingdom by the Abatement of Usury, by Sir Thomas 
 Culpeper, 1668. 
 
 3. Brief Observations concerning Trade and Interest of Money, by 
 
 J. C. (Sir Josiah Child), 1668. 
 
 4. Interest of Money Mistaken, showing that the Abatement of i i Af 
 
 Interest is the Effect and not the Cause of the Kiches of a \J^^' 
 Nation, 1668. ^ Half mor. 
 
375 
 
 UsuuY, Tracts ou—cont. 
 
 5. A Tract against the High IJatc of I'sury, by Sir Thomas 
 Ciilpepcr, senior. The 4th edition, with a rreface by Sir 
 Thomas Ciilpcper, jmiior, KUIS. 
 G. Usury at Six per Cent, examined, and found unjustly charged 
 with many Crimes and Oppressions, by Thomas JIaniey, Gent. 
 1669. 
 7. An Essay on the Governing Causes of the Natwal Hate of 
 Interest by Jos. Massie, 1750. 
 
 The above Tracts ai"e mostly very scarce. 
 Utopia : LTTtopie de Thomas Moms, trtuliiito eu Fr:xn9oi.s, ct ornco do 
 tros-bc'lles Figures. Post 8vo. a Leide, 1715. 
 This is a verj- handsome edition. See Warner. 
 
 Vaixes (Dom. do) : Dictioimaire Di[>Iom:itiquc, par Doiii. dc Vaincs. 
 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1773. 
 A learned and excellent compendium. 
 Yalix. See jNIaritime Law, &c. 
 
 Vajs'ierii (Jac.) Pra?dium Rusticum. Nova editio, cantoris emeudatior. 
 8vo. Barbou, Parisiis, 1774. Calf, gilt leaves. 
 " De I'aveu des meillem-s critiques, le P. Vaniere s'est approchc de Virgile autant 
 qu'il est permis a un moderne d'eu approcher en latin." — (Biographie Universelle.) 
 
 Vaxixi : La Vie et les Sentiraens de Lucilio Vanini, 12mo. Kotterdani, 
 
 1717. Same book in English. 8vo. London, 1730. 
 Yarexius : Geographia Generalis anctore Bernhard Yarenio, M.D. 12mo. 
 
 Amsterdam, 1664. Old mor. 
 Vasco della Moneta. See Money and Coins. 
 
 Vattel : The Law of Nations, or Principles of the Law of Nature 
 applied to the Conduct and Ailairs of Nations and Sovereigns, from the 
 French of M. de Yattel. 4to. London, 1760. 
 Mackintosh says of Vattel (born 1714, died 1767,) that he is "a diffuse and unscien- 
 tific, but clear and liberal writer, whose work still maintains its place as the 
 most convenient abridgment of a part of knowledge which calls for the skill of a 
 new builder" (Discourse, Law of Natm-e and Nations). 
 
 Yauba^^ : Projet d'une Dixme Royale, par M. le Marechal de Yauban. 
 
 8me edition. 12mo. 1708. 
 Vaugiiax : The Age of Great Cities, by Robert Yaughan, D.D. 8vo. 
 London, 1843. 
 It is singular that Dr. Vaughan in treating this subject has not referred to Seneca's 
 account of the motives that drew such crowds of people to Imperial Rome. Jt is 
 brief and comprehensive ; and is as applicable to London, I'aris, and other great 
 cities of the present time, as it was to the capital of the Koman world. 
 "Aspice agedum banc frequentiani, cui vix urbis immensa; tecta sufficiunt. Ex 
 municipiis et coloniis suis, ex toto denique orbe terrarum confluxerunt. Alios 
 adducit ambitio, alios necessitas officii publici, alios imposila legatio, alios luxuria, 
 opulentum et opportunum vitiis locum quierens ; alios liberalium studionim cupi- 
 dita'i, alios spectacula ; quosdam traxit amicitia, quosdam industria, latam osten- 
 dendffi virtuti nacta materiam : cpudam venalem foniiam attulerunt, quidam 
 venalem eloquentiam. Nullum non hominum genus concurrit in urbem, et virtu- 
 tibus et vitiis magna praemia ponentem." — (Consolat. ad Helviom, cap. 6.) 
 
376 
 
 Vaugiian : Memorials of the Stnart Dynasty, 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 1831. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Discourse of Coin, &c. See Money, Works on. 
 
 Vaugondy : Essai sur I'llistoire de la Geographic, son Origine, ses Progres, 
 et son Etat Actuel, par M. de Vaugondy, fils. 12mo. Paris, 1755. 
 
 Vaux : 'Nineveh and Persepolis, an Historical Sketch of Ancient Assyria 
 and Persia, by W. S. W. Vaux. 2d edition. 8vo, London, 1850. 
 
 Vegetable Substances used for the Food of Man. Library of Enter- 
 taining Knowledge. 12nio. 1 vol. London, 1832. 
 
 Venables : Domestic Scenes in Russia, in Letters describing a Year's 
 Residence in the Interior of that Country, by the Rev. R. L. Venables, 
 M.A. 8vo. London, 1839. 
 
 Venus : Memoire sur Venus, ses Attributs, son Culte, &c., par M. Larcher. 
 12mo. Paris, 1775. Thick paper. 
 
 Dissertation sur les Attributs de Venus, par M. de la Chau. 4 to. 
 
 Paris, 1780. Mor., ex. 
 
 From the Library of M. Pixerecourt, being No. 2,046 of his Sale Catalogue, where it 
 is justly said to be an exemplaire siiperhe. Eight fine phites are inserted, including a 
 proof of the Venus Anadyoraene of St. Aubin, the same avant la coquilk, the 
 Venus qui se peigne, &c. 
 
 La Populaire, ou Apologie des Maisons de Joye. 12mo. London, 
 
 1727. Calf, gilt. 
 
 Venuti : Descrizione Topografica delle Antichita di Roma, dell' Abate 
 R. Venuti. Ediz. 3za. 4to. 2 vols. Roma, 1824. 
 
 Vertot (M. I'Abbe de), GEuvres de, viz. — 
 
 Histoire de Chevaliers Hospitallers de S. Jean de Jerusalem. 
 
 4to. 4 vols. Paris, 1726. Old mor., gilt. 
 
 Histoire des Revolutions de la Republique Romaine. 6me ed. 
 
 12mo. 3 vols, Paris, 1767. 
 
 Revolutions de Portugal. J2mo. Paris, 1758." 
 
 Histoire des Revolutions de Suede. 12mo. Paris, 1768. 
 
 Last three Works uniform, veau fauve, gilt leaves. 
 
 Origine de la Grandeur de la Cour de Rome, &c. 12mo. Lau- 
 
 sanne, 1753. 
 For the Statements of Vertot in regard to the Eoman Senate, see Hooke. 
 Verri, Opere di Conte di. 12mo. 4 tomes. Milano. 1818. Calf, ex. 
 
 The treatises of Verri on subjects connected with Political Economy are all valuable, 
 especially the Meditazioni suJhi Econoinia Politica, and the Riflessioni sidle Lecjge 
 Vincolanti nel Commeicio de' Grant. The latter is an able and conclusive treatise. 
 The arguments of the writer are principally directed against restrictions on the 
 exportation of corn, which were then enforced in the Milanese and most parts of 
 Italy. But they are equally applicable to restrictions on its importation. The 
 following paragraph leaves nothing to be desired : — 
 
 " La terra che abitiamo riproduce ogni anno una quantita corrispondente alia 
 universale consumazione ; il commercio supplisce col superfluo di una terra al 
 bisogno deir altra, e colla legge de continuita si equilibrano, dopo alcune 
 oscillazioni, periodicamente bisogno ed abbondanza. Quel che suggeriscono i vincoli 
 risguardano gli uomini sulla terra come ridotti a gettar il dado a chi debba morir 
 di fame ; risguardiamoli con occhio tranquillo e riceveremo idee piu consolanti o 
 vere, conoscendoci fratelli di una vasta famiglia sparsa sul globe, spinti a darci 
 vicendevolmente soccorso, e provveduti largamente dal gran motore della 
 
377 
 
 Vicrau — con(. 
 
 vcgetazione a quanta fa d'uopo por sostencre i bisopni della vita. T soli vinooli 
 artitic'iali, imniaginata dalla tiiuida iijiioranza o dull' astuta aiubizionc, lianno 
 
 ridotti jili stati ai tiuiori della fame ed a sotfriria L'lioiuo 
 
 che ha ineditato sulla societa, vede ehe nella politica piu pjiova 11 lasciar fare che 
 il fare ; che la libeila o I'aniina dell' industria, la produttrico della concorrenza, la 
 livellatrice de' prezzi, la consen-atrice dell' abbondanza, la divinita preside, in somnia, 
 alia vita e alia prosperity delle nazioni " (iii. 33-35). 
 
 Vesplcci : Vita e Lettere di Amerigo Vespucci, &c. Dall' Abate A. M. 
 
 liaiidini. 4to. Fii'cnze, 174o. 
 VESUVIUS : Hamilton's Observations on, and Fordyce's Account of Iler- 
 
 culaneum. 8vo. 1 vol. Loudon, 1772 and 1750. 
 Vm.K (^M. H.) Cremonensis Alba3 Episcopi, Opera omnia, cura Vulpiorum. 
 4to. 2 vols, in 1. Patav., 1731. 
 
 De Arte Poetica libri III,, cum Annotationibus Tii. Tristram. 4to. 
 
 Oxonii, 1722. Old mor., gilt. 
 ViD.-E (M. IL) Opera Poetica, cura Tristram. 8vo. 2 vols. Oxonii, 
 1722-25. Calf, ex. 
 A very beautiful edition. 
 
 Great as are the merits of Vida, the splendid eulogium of Pope has conferred on hiin 
 a more than con'esponding degree of celebrity. 
 
 " But see ! each INIuse, in Leo's golden days, 
 Starts from her trance, and trims her wither'd bays, 
 Rome's ancient genius o'er its ruins spread, 
 Shakes off the dust, and rears his rev'rend head, 
 Then sculpture, and her si.ster arts revive ; 
 Stones leap'd to fonu, and rocks began to live ; 
 With sweeter notes each rising temple rung ; 
 A Kaphael painted and a Vida sung. 
 Immortal Vida, on whose honour'd brow 
 The poet's bays and critic's ivy grow ; 
 Cremona* now shall ever boast thy name 
 As next in place to Mantua,f next in fame ! " 
 
 (Essay on Critici.sm, 1. 697.) 
 Of the poems of Vida, the Ars Poetica, from its subject, and having been well trans- 
 lated by I'itt and Ilampson, is the best known in this country ; but the ablest 
 critics are of opinion that it is inferior to his poems on the Rearing of Silkwomis, 
 and on Chess. 
 In his poetics he depreciates Homer, and is too much a partisan of Virgil, from whose 
 works he derives almost all his precepts. And though he displays great judgment 
 and elegance of expression, he is very inferior in the variety of his topics and the 
 terseness and vigour of his descriptions, to the Essay on Criticism of Pope, and 
 still more to L'Art Poetique of Boileau.:]: 
 The Christiad, an epic poem, in six books, on the Death of Christ, is the most ex- 
 tensive of Vida's performances; but, despite its many beauties, the general opinion 
 of the learned world seems to be that it is deficient in the delicacy and dignity re- 
 quired in the treatment of such a subject. § Vida, indeed, has apologised for the 
 undertaking by stating that he engaged in it in deference to the solicitations, or 
 rather commands of their Ilolinesses Leo X. and Clement VII. The Christiad 
 has been translated into English verse by the Rev. Mr, Cranwell, and the Poem 
 on Silkworms by the Rev. Mr. PuUein. 
 
 • The birthplace of Vida, where he first saw the light, probably in 1490, but tlicro is some doubt 
 about the date. 
 
 t The birthplace of Virgil. 
 
 t The Am Poetica is included, with a translation, in the Quafre Foitiqucs of the Abb6 
 Batteux. ii. \-2M. 
 
 § Sec BaDlct, ./iigcmcns des Sacans, iv, 88, ic. 
 
378 
 
 ViDA — IIampson : The Poetics of M. H. Vida, Bishop of Alba, with Trans- 
 lations from the Latin of Gray, Lowth, and others, by John IIampson, 
 A.M. 8vo. Sunderland, 1793. 
 
 Vies des Gouv.erneurs Generaux, avec FHistoire des Etablissemens Hol- 
 landais aux Indes Orientales, par Du Bois, avec des Portraits, &c. 
 4to. La Haye, 1763. Calf, gilt. 
 
 ViLLAKS : Vie du Marechal Due de Villars, ecrite par lui-meme. 12mo. 
 4 vols. Paris, 1785. 
 
 ViLLERS : Essai sur I'Esprit et ITnfluence de la Reformation de Lather, 
 par Charles Villers. 8vo, Paris, 1808. Calf, ex., Hayday. 
 
 — ■ The same Work in English, with Notes, by James Mill, Author of 
 
 the History of British India. 8vo. 
 This work made some noise -when it first appeared, and was praised for merits which 
 it did not possess. "It appears to me," says Hallam, "to be the work of a man 
 who had not taken the pains to read any one contemporary work, or even any 
 compihition which contains many extracts. No wonder that it does not represent, 
 in the slightest degree, the real spirit of the times, or the tenets of the Reformers " 
 (Literature of Europe, i. 420). 
 
 Virgil, by Dryden. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 ViTRDVius M. See Classics and Translations. 
 
 Virginia, The History of, in Four Parts, by a Native and Inhabitant of 
 the Place. 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1722. 
 
 VoGEL : Le Portugal et ses Colonies ; Tableau Politique et Commercial de 
 
 la Monarchie Portugaise dans son Etat actuel, par M. Charles Vogel. 
 
 8vo. Paris, 1860. 
 
 VoLNEY : Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte, pendant les Annees 1783, 1784, 
 
 et 1785, par M. C. F. Volney. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris, 1787. Vellum 
 
 paper, red mor. 
 
 The same Work in English. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 
 
 1788. 
 A valuable, and, indeed, excellent work. 
 
 Voltaire : CEuvres Completes de Voltaire. Edition de Renouard. 8vo. 
 64 vols. Paris, 1822. 
 
 Lettres inedites de Voltaire, a Mademoiselle a M. d'Argen- 
 
 tal, au President Henault, a M. Damilaville, a Madame d'Epinay, 
 
 et autres Personnages Remarquables. 8vo. 1 vol. Paris, 1822. 
 ■ . . ^ . La Henriade, Poeme avec les Variantes et Pieces additionels. 
 
 Preuves des Figures d'Eisen. 8vo. 2 vols. Paris (Barbou), 
 
 1768-70. Old red mor., fine. 
 Notwithstanding his many defects Voltaire is undoubtedly the greatest litterateur that 
 ever existed. He has attempted most varieties of composition, and he excels in 
 them all. It may be far more truly said of him than of any one else, nullum tetigit 
 quod non ornavit. His tragedies are of first-rate excellence ; and his poems gene- 
 rally, his historical works, his romances, and his letters, will always be held in 
 high estimation. His attacks on the Sacred Writings and on Christianity, and 
 the manner in which they are made, are greatly to be regretted. But the abuses 
 connected with the administration of religion in France at the time were gross, 
 flagrant, and scandalous ; and though we may lament, we cannot be much sur- 
 prised that it should itself have incurred a portion of that odium that should have 
 fallen on them onlv. 
 
379 
 
 Voltaire — cont. ♦ 
 
 We cannot help tliinkinp that in his celebrated work, the Siicle de Louis XI V., 
 Voltaire is, on the whole, nuich too favourable to that IVince, and that he has 
 contributed to give a false impression of his reign. lie had, no doubt, a good 
 deal to recounnend him. His fondness ior pomp and display gratified the 
 national taste. Though excessively ill educated. Mazarine had given liim les.sons 
 in the aftairs of state. " He had,"' says IJolingbroke, " ac<i«ired habits of secresy 
 and method in business ; of reserve, discretion, decency and dignitj-, in behaviour. 
 If he was not the greatest king, lie was the best actor of majesty, at least, that ever 
 filled a throne" (.On the Study of History). IJut he unfortunately wanted all 
 the elements of real greatness. He should have been the monarch of a theatre, or 
 of a petty German principality, not of a great kingdom. Whatever valuable 
 qualities "he may have possessed originally were either, in great measure, rooted 
 out, or perverted by a long course of prosperity, and of refined and fulsome 
 flattery. The severe teaching of adversity came too late to be of much use to 
 him; "and throughout his long reign he "was, in the last degree, vain, selfish, 
 and sensual. He identified the State with himself, and looked upon his people 
 as a player looks upon the cards or dice in his hands. His patronage of 
 learning and learned men was atfected and ostentatious, and had in it more of 
 the nature of a bribe than a gift. The incessant wars in which he wasted the 
 blood and treasure of France were not, till near the close of his career, waged to 
 repel foreign aggression, or to secure the aggrandisement of the nation, but to 
 increase his own power and pre-eminence ; and they were sometimes charac- 
 terized, as in the invasion of the Palatinate, by the most unnecessary and wanton 
 devastation.* But his bigotry was the worst feature of his character. To 
 secure the favour of heaven, which he vainly imagined was manifested in 
 the venal and worthless eulogies of the confessors and Jesuits by whom he was 
 surrounded, he was besotted enough to repeal the edict of Nantes, and to engage 
 in a crusade against the most industrious and valuable portion of his subjects ; 
 ■who, to escape persecution, and preserve their religious liberty, carried them- 
 selves, their arts, their capital, and their industry, to foreign and hostile 
 countries. It is no apology for such suicidal conduct to say that he was sincere, 
 that he really believed he "was doing what was right; for that is only another 
 way of saying that he was an excessively ignorant as well as an intolerant despot. 
 It is further to be observed that the great statesmen, the great captains, and the 
 great authors by whom his age has been immortalised, did not grow up imder 
 his fostering care. They had been bred under Kichelieu and Mazarine, and 
 descended to him with his kingdom. Latterly, too, or after the death of Luxem- 
 bourg, he lacked discernment to make a proper selection among the generals in 
 his service, and intrusted to his incapable favourites, Tallard, JIarsin, Villeroy, 
 and his son the Duke of Maine, annies over which he might have set Catinat, 
 Berwick, Boufflers, and Villars. And strange to say, he even attempted, by his 
 last will and testament, to set aside that principle of legitimacy for which he 
 had so long and so strenuously contended. But this attempt proved to be as 
 abortive as the motives by which he was influenced in making it were mean and 
 unworthy. 
 We subjoin some excellent remarks by the famous Lord Chesterfield on the history 
 
 of Louis XIV. and ihe Henriade : — 
 " Voltaire sent me from Berlin his History du Steele de Louis XIV. It came at a 
 very proper time ; Lord Bolingbroke had just taught me how history should be 
 read ; Voltaire shows me how it should be written. I am sensible, that it will 
 meet with almost as many critics as readers. Voltaire must be criticised : besides, 
 every man's favourite is attacked ; for every prejudice is exposed, and our preju- 
 dices are our mistresses • reason is at best our wife, veiy often heard indeed, but 
 seldom minded. It is the history of the human understanding, written by a man 
 of parts, for the u.se of men of parts. Weak minds will not like it, even though 
 they do not understand it ; which is commonly the measure of their admiration. 
 
 • It has been attempted to throw the blame of this devastation on Louvois ; but he was far too 
 cautious to incur the responsibility of such a proceeding, or even to suggest it, unless he had been 
 pretty well satisfied that the suggestion would be favourably received. 
 
380 
 
 Voltaire — cont. 
 
 Dull ones will want those minute and uninteresting details, witli which most other 
 histories are incumbered. He tells me all I want to know, and nothing more. 
 His reflections are short, just, and produce others in his readers. Free from reli- 
 gious, philosophical, political, and national prejudice, beyond any historian I ever 
 met with, he relates all those matters as truly and as impartially, as certain regards, 
 which must always be to some degree observed, will allow him : for one sees 
 plainly, that he often says much less than he would say, if he might. He hath 
 made me much better acquainted with the times of Lewis XIV., than the innu- 
 merable volumes which I had read could do; and hath suggested this reflection to 
 me, which I had never made before. His vanity, not his knowledge, made him 
 encourage all, and introduce many arts and sciences in his country. He opened 
 in a manner the human understanding in France, and brought it to its utmost 
 perfection ; his age equalled in all, and greatly exceeded in many things (pardon 
 me. Pedants !) the Augustan. This was great and rapid ; but still it might be 
 done, by the encouragement, the applause, and the rewards of a vain, liberal, and 
 magnificent Prince. What is much more surprising, is, that he stopped the ope- 
 rations of the human mind, just where he pleased ; and seemed to say, ' thus far 
 shalt thou go, and no farther.' For, a bigot to his religion, and jealous of his 
 power, fi-ee and rational thoughts upon either never entered into a French head 
 during his reign ; and the greatest geniuses that ever any age produced, never 
 entertained a doubt of the divine right of Kings, or the infallibility of the Church. 
 Poets, Orators, and Philosophers, ignorant of their natural rights, cherished their 
 chains ; and blind, active faith triumphed, in those great minds, over silent and 
 passive reason. The reverse of this seems now to be the case in France : reason 
 opens itself ; fancy and invention fade and decline. 
 " The Henriade is all sense from the beginning to the end, often adorned by the 
 justest and liveliest reflections, the most beautiful descriptions, the noblest images, 
 and the sublimest sentiments ; not to mention the harmony of the verse, in which 
 Voltaire undoubtedly exceeds all the French poets • should you insist upon an 
 exception in favour of Racine, I must insist, on my part, that he at least equals 
 him. What hero ever interested more than Henry the Fourth, who, according to 
 the rules of epic poetry, carries on one great and long action, and succeeds in 
 it at last ? What description ever excited more hon-or than those, first of the 
 Massacre, and then of the Famine, at Paris ? Was love ever painted with more 
 truth and morbidezza than in the ninth hook ? Kot better, in my mind, even in 
 the fourth of Virgil. Upon the whole, with all your classical rigour, if you will 
 but suppose St. Louis a God, a Devil, or a Witch, and that he appears in person, 
 and not in a dream, the Henriade will be an epic poem, according to the strictest 
 statute laws of the Epopee ; but in my court of equity it is one as it is." — ("Letters, 
 1752.) 
 
 Vossius : G. J. Vossii Etymologicon Lingutc Latiiife. Folio. Amstelodami, 
 
 1622. Red mor., ex. 
 Voyage de Deux Fran9ais en Allemagne, Danemarck, Suede, Russie, 
 
 et Pologne, fait en 1790-1792, 8vo. 5 vols. Paris, 1796. 
 Voyage d'ltalie, de Dalmatie, de Grece, et du Levant, fait aux Annees 
 
 1675 et 1676, par Jacob Spon et George Wheeler. 12mo. 2 vols. 
 
 La Haye, 1724. 
 Voyages au Nord. 3 vols. Rouen, 1716, 
 
 w. 
 
 Wade : History of tlie Middle and Working Classes, &c., by J. Wade, Esq, 
 
 12mo. London, 1833. 
 Wages, A Treatise on. See Political Economy, 
 Wahabis, Histoire dcs. 8vo. Loudon, 1810. 
 
381 
 
 Wakefielp : Enghuul and Amrr'u-ii, a Coinpariscm of tiie Social and 
 Political State of both Nations, l.y E. G. Wakoliold. 8vo. 
 2 vols. London, 1833. 
 
 On Political Economy. See Works on that Scioncc. 
 
 Ou Ireland. See Works on Ireland. 
 
 Walker: The Original, by Thomas Walker, i\I. A. (Police Magistrate.) 
 4tli edition. 8vo. London, 1838. Calf, ex. 
 
 Historical Memoirs of the Irish Bards, interspersed with Anec- 
 
 dotes and Observations on the Mnsic of Ireland, &c., by J. C. 
 Walker, M.IM. A. 4to. London, 1786. 
 
 By the same Author, an Historical Memoir on Italian Tragedy 
 
 from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. 4to. London, 
 179:). 
 These two vols, calf, ex., unil'orm, II. & B. 
 
 ^Memoirs of Alessandro Tassoni, author of La Sccchin Tlnplta, or 
 
 the Rape of the Bucket, with Notices of his Literary Con- 
 temporaries, 8cc., by the late J. C. Walkt'r,- Esq., M.K.I.A. 
 8vo. London, 18 L5. Calf, ex. 
 Walker's works evince taste, ingenuity, and learning. 
 
 Wallace : The Nature and Descent of Ancient Peerages connected with 
 the State of »Scotland, &c., by George Wallace, Esq., Advocate. 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 1785. 
 
 An Account of the Islands of Orkney, by James Wallace, M.D. 
 
 8vo. London, 1700. 
 
 A Dissertation on the Numbers of Mankinil in Ancient and Modern 
 
 Times, by Kobert Wallace, D.D. 8vo. Edinburgh, 17-33. 
 Ilume's Essay " Of the Populousncss of Ancient Nations," a perfect specimen of an 
 inquirj' into an important department of the public economy of the ancients, ap- 
 peared in 1752. In it he contends for, and, as M-e think, establishes, in the most 
 convincing manner the superior population of Europe in modern times. But 
 Dr. Wallace, being of a different opinion, published a dissertation in the following 
 year, in which he argues in favour of the superior population of Europe in anti- 
 quitj-. The rev. gentleman, who was neither deficient in learning nor in ability, 
 subjoined an Appendix to the Dissertation, in which he specially examines the 
 reasonings, and endeavours to controvert the conclusions arrived at by Hume. 
 But though he succeeded in pointing out a few errors in the statements of his 
 illustrious antagonist, which were I'ectified in subsequent editions of the Essay, he 
 totally failed in his main object ; that is, to show that Europe was less populous 
 i& 1753 than in the tcra of the Antonines. It is now admitted on all hands that 
 Hume was right in this controversy. 
 
 Wallace: Various Prospects of Mankind, Nature, and Providence. 8vo. 
 London, 1761. 
 
 Characteristics of the Present Political State of Great Britain. 
 
 8vo. London, 1758. 
 Both these works are by Wallace. 
 
 Wallox : flistoire de rEscIavage dans I'Antiquite, par 11. Wallon. Svo. 
 3 vols. Paris, 1848. 
 
 Wai.pole : Fugitive Pieces in Verse and Prose, by tlie Hon. Horace 
 Walpole. Post 8vo. Strawberry Hill, 1758. Calf, uncut. 
 
382 
 
 Walpole: a Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors of England, Scot- 
 land, and Ireland, with Lists of their Works, by the late 
 Horatio, Earl of Orford, revised and continued to the Present 
 Time by Thomas Park, F.S.A. 8vo. 5 vols. London, 1806. 
 Many Portraits. Russia, choice. 
 
 A Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors of England, with 
 
 Lists of their Works. 12mo. 2 vols. London, 1759. Old 
 calf, gilt, fine. 
 
 The Letters of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, including many 
 
 now first published, from the Original Manuscripts. Svo. 6 vols. 
 London, 1840. 
 
 Anecdotes of Painting in England, with a Catalogue of Engravers, 
 
 by Mr. Horace Walpole, original editions. 4to. 5 vols. Straw- 
 berry Hill, 1762-71. Uncut, Russia. 
 
 Supplement to the above, by Richardson. Uniform. 4to. Lon- 
 
 don, 1790. (<SVe Richardson.) 
 
 The Life of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, written by Himself. 4to. 
 
 Strawberry Hill, 1764. Old red mor. 
 
 Anecdotes of Painting in England, with Additions by the Rev. 
 
 James Dallaway. A new edition, revised, with Additional 
 Notes by R. N.Wornum. Svo. 3 vols. London, 1849. 
 
 Strawberry Hill, Seat of Mr. Walpole. See Strawberry Hill. 
 
 Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of Richard HI."] 1 vol. 
 
 4to. London, 1768. I Answer 
 
 An Answer to the above by F. W. Gr. of the Middle [ very 
 
 Temple. 4to. London, 1768 J scarce. 
 
 See, also, Hentzner, Whitworth, &c. 
 
 Horace Walpole's Gothic villa, near Twickenham, has acquired a renown to -which 
 it was in itself but ill-entitled. It was in truth a mere sham. The battlements 
 and Gothic pinnacles were of lath and plaster ; and the wood and cai-ved work 
 inside was of the coarsest possible description. It contained, however, a -very- 
 extraordinary collection of articles of virtu, collected, with great industiy through 
 many years, from all countries, and at a heavy expense. They were sold by 
 auction in 1842. 
 
 "Walpole's works are curious and valuable. His best are probably his Anecdotes of 
 English Tainters; Koyal and Noble Authors ; The Castle of Otranto, a romance; 
 The Mysterious Mother, a tragedy ; Historical Doubts, in regard to Richard III., 
 &c. But his fame rests principally, if not entirely, on his Letters. In the depart- 
 ment of letter writing, indeed, he has no superior, unless it be Madame de f^ovignO. 
 " Walter Scott," says a writer in Knight's Cyclopaedia, " called him ' the best letter 
 ■writer in the English language,' and Byron speaks of his letters as ' incomparable.' 
 Another writer remarks that ' his epistolaiy talents have shown our language to 
 be capable of all the charms of the French of Madame de Scvigne.' No one, 
 indeed, can fail to be entertained by the inexhaustible fund of anecdote, of gossip, 
 of lively and fanciful conceits, of scandal and bon mots, with which nearly every 
 page is enriched. The style is gay and sprightly, and admirably suited for corre- 
 spondence," 
 
 Having said this much the critic proceeds to detract from the eulogy by telling us 
 that the letters were not off-hand effusions, but the result of careful study and 
 elaboration. But though this statement, supposing it to be true, may detract from 
 our estimate of the ability of the writer, it has nothing to do with the letters. Their 
 merit is to be estimated by what they are, not by the way in which they were 
 produced. Madame de Suvigne's letters would not rank cither higher or loMcr 
 than they do, had she spent a week upon each. 
 
383 
 
 Walpole : An Auswcm- Id llu' latter part ol" Lord Holiii^^rl,,-,,]^,/.^ Letters on 
 
 the Study of History, by Lord Walpole of Wooltertoii. 4to. 
 
 London, 1762. Old ]*ed mor. 
 IMemoirs and Travels relatinpj to Eurojxan and Asiatic Turkey, 
 
 bv liolxrt Walpole, M.A. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1817 and 
 
 1820. llalfKussia. 
 
 "Walsh : Narrative of a Journey from Constantinople to England, liv tlio 
 Kev. R. Walsh, LL.D. 4th edition. 12mo. London, 1831. 
 
 Waltheri (Joan.) Lexicon Diplomaticum, cum Proefationc Fran. lien. 
 Jungii. Folio. Gottinga% 1747. Veau fauve, fine. 
 In this valuable -work examples are given of the various abbreviations in syllables 
 and words that occur in diplomas, charters, and uianuscri])ts, from the ei^dith to 
 the sixteenth century inclusive. With the exception of tlic preface of .lungius, 
 and the tables, -vrhich are printed, the -work is entirely engraved. Copies are very 
 scarce, the greater number having been destroyed by fire. This copy is from the 
 library of Mr. TixerOcourt, and is quite perfect. 
 
 "Wai.tox : Lives of Donne, VVotton, Hooker, Herbert, and Sanderson, by 
 Izaak Walton, with a Life of Walton and Notes by Thomas 
 Zouch, M.A. 4to. York, 1796. Russia. 
 
 The Complete Angler, or Contenij)lative JMan's Recreation, being a 
 
 Discourse of Kiver.s, Fi.sh-ponds, Fi.sh, and Fishing. In Two 
 Parts ; the first by Mr. Izaak Walton, and the second by Mr. 
 Charles Cotton, with Lives. Notes, &c., by Sir John Hawkins 
 and the Editor. 8vo. Loudon, 1815. Dark mor. 
 This, as everybody knows, is not only the Bible of anglers, but one of the most 
 popular books in the English language.' It owes this distinction to various causes, 
 to the simplicity and beauty of its style, the naturalness and quiet lumiour of the 
 dialogues, its pastoral scenery, and the unaffected piety and pure morality by which 
 it is pervaded. It has been very often reprinted, generally with notes, and some- 
 times in a most expensive fonii. The edition referred to above is one of the best 
 and most sen-iceable. Walton died in 16s3, and Cotton in 1087. The portion of 
 the volume contributed by the latter is very inferior to Walton's portion. 
 Walton's Lives are much esteemed, and have many of the qualities that distinguish 
 his work on Angling. 
 
 The Life of Isaac Walton, including Notices of his Contemporaries, 
 
 by Thomas Zouch, D.D., F.L.S. 8vo. London, 1823. Pro- 
 fusely illustrated v/ith many fine plates. Mor., ex. Only 100 
 copies printed. 
 
 Wakuurtox : The Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion, occa- 
 sionally Opened and Explained in a Course of Sermons preached 
 before the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn, by the Rev. 
 Mr. Warburton. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1753. 
 
 The Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated, by Bishop 
 
 Warburton. 4th edition. 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1755. 
 
 The Divine Legation is now little read. But it will always be remembered as a work 
 of singular learning and ingenuity, though debased by the extremes of j)aradox and 
 arrogance. That the absence of any allusion to a future state in the writings of 
 Moses is a proof of his divine mission, is confessed on ail hands to be a very 
 doubtful hypothesis, and is generally, indeed, regarded as incredible and absurd. 
 And yet Warburton treatsevery one, liow eminent soever for talents, piety, or station, 
 who hesitates about asseutiiig to this dogma, a.'i fit only to be assailed with the most 
 
384 
 
 Wahburton — cont. 
 
 outrageous abuse. All this, however, has proved ineffectual ; and despite his pain- 
 ful efforts, the edifice he had altempted to raise has crumbled into dust. But, as 
 Gibbon has observed, "some episodes of the work, on the Greek philosophy, the 
 hieroglyphics of Egypt, &c., are entitled to the praise of learning, imagination, and 
 discernment" (Misc. Works, i. 212). 
 Johnson gives the following account of Warburton's style : — " About this time 
 Wai'burton began to make his appearance in the first ranks of learning. He was a 
 man of vigorous faculties, a mind fervid and vehement, supplied by incessant and 
 unlimited inquiry, with wonderful extent and variety of knowledge, which yet had 
 not oppressed his imagination, nor clouded his perspicacity. To every work he 
 brouglit a memory full fraught, together with a fancy fertile of original combina- 
 tions, and at once exerted the powers of the scholar, the reasoner, and the wit. 
 But his knowledge was too multifarious to be always exact, and his pursuits too 
 eager to be always cautious. His abilities gave him an haughty confidence, which 
 hedisdained to conceal or molliiy ; and his impatience of opposition disposed him 
 to treat his adversai ies with such contemptuous superiority as made his readers 
 commonly his enemies, and excited against the advocate the wishes of some who 
 favoured the cause. He seems to have adopted the Roman emperor's determination, 
 oderint dum vietuant ; he used no allurements of gentle language, but wished to 
 compel rather than persuade. His style is copious witliout selection, and forcible 
 without neatness ; he took the words that presented themselves ; his diction is 
 coarse and impure, and his sentences are unmeasured." — (Johnson's Life of Pope.) 
 
 The Alliance between Church and State. 2d edition. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1751. 
 
 Julian, or a Discourse concerning the Earthquake which defeated 
 
 Julian's attempt to rebuild the Temple at Jerusalem. 2d edition. 
 8vo. London, 1751. 
 
 A View of Lord Bolingbroke's Philosophy. 3d edition. 8vo. 
 
 London, 1756. 
 
 N.B. — The above works (9 vols.) of Warburtdh are in the 
 finest condition, in bright old calf. 
 
 The Doctrine of Grace, or the Office and Operation of the Holy 
 
 Spirit, by Bishop Warburton. 2d edition. Svo. London, 
 1763. Calf, gilt. 
 
 Essai sur Ies Hieroglyphes des Egyptiens, traduit de I'Anglais 
 
 de M. Warburton. 12mo. 2 vols. Paris, 1744. 
 
 • A Critical Inquiry into the Opinions and Practice of Ancient 
 
 Philosophers concerning the Nature of the Soul, &c., with a 
 Preface, by Mr. Warburton. 2d edition. Svo. London, 1748. 
 
 Ward : Mexico, by H. G. Ward, Esq., His Majesty's Charge d* Affaires 
 in that Country in 1825, 1826, and part of 1827. 2d edition, 
 enlarged. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1829. 
 
 . An Enquiry into the Foundation and History of the Law of Na- 
 tions in Europe, by Robert Ward. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1795. 
 
 ■ — On Neutrals. See Maritime Law, &c. 
 
 Ware : De Hibernia. See Ireland. 
 
 Warner — More : Memoirs of the Life of Sir Thomas More, to which is 
 
 added his History of Utopia, translated into English, by Ferd. Warner, 
 
 LL.D. 8vo. London, 1758. Calf, ex. 
 
 The Utopia is an account of an imaginary state, somewhat after the manner of the 
 
 Eepublic of Plato. It was most probably composed by IMore, partly that he might 
 
 state his own views in regard to the best constitution of a commonwealth, and 
 
 partly, also, as affording a convenient means of indirectly pointing out certaiu 
 
385 
 
 VVaunku — cout. 
 
 defects in the policy of England. It is a singular medley of sound and unsound 
 principles. Notwithstanding the contrary practice of the author and of the age, 
 the fullest toleration in religious matters is established in Utopia. But on the other 
 hand, a connnunity of wealth is a fundamental principle in the policy of the State. 
 And such being the case, it is needless to inquire farther res])ecting it. The 
 Utopia is veiT well written ; and it is principally indebted to that circumstance, and 
 the interest attaching to the history of its author, for whatever attention is now 
 paid to it, 
 
 AVaiixer : Antigiiitafes Culinaricp, or Curious Tracts relating to the Culi- 
 nary Affairs of the Old English, with a Preliminary Discourse, &c., by 
 the Rev. Richanl Warner. 4to. London, 1791. 
 
 This work contains many curious details and statements, illustrative of the habits 
 and condition of our ancestors, and the progress of civilization. 
 
 WarnkceniCt : Ilistoire Externe du Droit Romain, par M. L. A. Warn- 
 kocnig. Bruxelles, 1836. Calf, ex., II. & B. 
 
 AVarton, Thomas and Joseph, Works of, viz. : — 
 
 The History of English Poetry, from the close of the 11th to the 
 
 commencement of the 18th century, by Thomas Warton, B.D., 
 with a Letter to the Author, by Joseph Ritson, Esq. 4to. 
 4 vols. London, 1775-1782. Russia, ex. 
 
 The same, from the Edition of Richard Price, Esq. 8vo. 3 vols. 
 
 London, 1840. 
 
 The Poetical Works of Thomas Warton, B.D., with his Life, by 
 
 Richard Mant, M.A. 8vo. 2 vols. Oxford, 1802. 
 
 ;Milton's Minor Poems, by T. W. See Milton. 
 
 Life of Sir Thomas Pope, Founder of Trinity College, Oxford, 
 
 by T. W. 2d edition. 8vo. Loudon, 1780. 
 
 An Essay on the Genius and Writings of Pope, by Joseph Warton. 
 
 4th edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1782. 
 
 The above 9 vols, uniform, calf, ex., Ilayday. 
 
 Observations on the Fairy Queen of Spenser, b}'- T. Warton, 
 
 M.A. 2d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1762. Calf, ex. 
 
 Watson : The History of the Reign of Philip XL, King of Spain, by 
 Robert Watson, LL.D. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1777. Mor. 
 
 The History of the Reign of Philip HI, of Spain ; the first Four 
 
 Books by Robert Watson, LL.D., the Two last by William 
 Thomson, LL.D. 4to. London, 1783. Mor. 
 
 "Works formed on the model of those of Robertson, and possessing, in a high degree, 
 the merits of their prototype. 
 
 Apologies for Christianity and the Bible, by Richard Watson, D.D., 
 
 BLshop of Llandaff. 8vo. London, 1806. 
 
 Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Physic, by Thomas 
 
 Watson, M.D., &c., &c. 4th edit. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 18o7. 
 A most excellent and useful work by the first physician of his time. 
 
 Watt : Bibliotheca Britannica. See Bibliography. 
 
 ■ Progress and Present State of Life Insurance, by Peter Watt. 
 
 8vo. Eduiburgh, 1837. 
 
 James, Life of. See Arago and Williamson. 
 
 B B 
 
386 
 
 Watts : Logick, or the Eiglit Use of Reason in the Inquiry after Truth, 
 by Isaac Watts, D.D. 9th edition. 8vo. London, 1741. Fine 
 portrait inserted. 
 
 The Improvement of the Mind, or a Supplement to the Art of 
 
 Logick. 3d edition. 8vo. London 1753. Fine copies. 
 Good and useful, and, for a lengthened period, very popular works. 
 Webb : Remarks on the Beauties of Poetry, by Daniel Webb, Esq. Post 
 8vo. London, 1762. Calf, ex. 
 
 ■ An Inquiry into the Beauties of Painting, and into the Merits of 
 
 the most Celebrated Painters, Ancient and Modern. Post Svo. 
 London, 1769. Calf, ex. 
 Wedgwood : A Dictionary of English Etymology, by Hensleigh Wedg- 
 wood, M.A. Svo. vols. London, 1859, &c. 
 Weever : Ancient Funeral Monuments, by John Weever. 4to. London, 
 
 1767. Russia, gilt. 
 Weights and Measures, Works on, viz. : — 
 
 Adams : Report upon Weights and Measures, by John Quincey 
 
 Adams, Secretary of State to the United States (afterwards 
 President). Prepared in obedience to a Resolution of the 
 Senate of the 3d of March 1817. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1821. 
 
 Arbuthnot — Langwith : Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights, and 
 
 Measures, by John Arbuthnot, M.D. ; with Observations on Dr. 
 Arbuthuot's Work, by Benjamin Langwith, D.D. 2d edition. 
 4to. Loudon, 1754. 
 Arbuthnot's work is replete with curious information. But it is deficient in accu- 
 racy, and is now of little authority. 
 
 Bernard, Edwardus, D.D., De Mensuris et Ponderibus Anti- 
 
 quorum. Svo. Oxonii, 1683. 
 
 ■ Buchanan : Tables for converting the Weights and Measures 
 
 hitherto in Use in Great Britain into those of the Imperial 
 
 Standards, &c., by George Buchanan. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1829. 
 Cristiani : Delle Misure d'ogni Genere Antiche e Moderne, con 
 
 Note Letterarie, Fisico-Matematiche, &c., di G. F. Cristiani. 
 
 4to. Brescia, 1760. 
 Cumberland : An Essay towards the Recovery of the Jewish 
 
 Measures and Weights, comprehending their Moneys, by help 
 
 of Ancient Standards compared with ours of England, by 
 
 Richard Cumberland, D.D. (afterwards Bishop of Peterborough), 
 
 12mo. London, 1686. 
 . Doursther : Dictionnaire Universel des Poids et Mesures Anciens 
 
 et Modernes, par M. Horace Doursther. Royal 8vo. BruxeUes, 
 
 1840. Calf, gilt. 
 .1 Eisenschmid, J. C, De Ponderibus et Mensuris Veterum 
 
 Romanorum, Grsecorum, Hebraeorum, &c. 12mo. Argentorati, 
 
 1737. 
 
 ■ Greaves' Discourse on the Roman Foot and Denarius. See 
 
 Greaves' Miscellaneous Works. 
 
 Hooper : An Inquiry into the State of the Ancient Measures, the 
 
 Attick, the Roman, and especially the Jewish, with an Appendix 
 concerning our old English Money and Measures of Content, 
 by Dr. Hooper, Bishop of Bath and Wells. Svo. London, 1721. 
 
387 
 
 Weights and jMeasuuks, Works on — cant. 
 
 Ilussoy : An Essay on tlio Ancient Wcijrlils and Money, and flio 
 
 Ixoinan and Greek Liquid JMeasures, i<ce., by the Kev. Robert 
 llussey, AJI. 8vo. Oxford, 1S;U5. Calf, ex., II. it li, 
 
 I Nelkenbrecher : ^Manuel I'niversel a rUsajre des Neijocians, ou 
 
 Traite de.s Monnoies, Poids, et Mesurcs, traduit de rAlleniande. 
 8vo. Bruxelles, 1830. 
 
 Paucton : ]Metrologie, ou Traite des Mesurcs, Poids, et Monnoies 
 
 des Anciens Peuples et des Modcrnes, par M. Paucton. 4to. 
 Paris, 1780. Calf, ex. 
 This and the work of Cristiani mentioned above are among the best and most 
 valuable treatises on metrology. They are skilfully and carefully compiled, aud 
 are of high authority. 
 
 Reynardsou : A State of the Enjjlish Weights and Measures of 
 
 Capacity, as well Ancient as Modern, with some Considerations 
 thereon, by Samuel Reynardson, Esq., F.R.S, 4to. London, 
 1750. In a Volume of Tracts, lettered outside, "Raper on 
 IMoney, &c." 
 
 Two Reports from the Select Committee of the House of Commons 
 
 appointed to inquire into the Original Standards of Weiglit 
 and Measure, and the Laws relating thereto. Folio. 17o8, 17o9. 
 
 Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. Observations on "Weights, Measures, &c., by Col. C. W. ~) 
 
 Pasley, C.E. 1834. I 
 
 2. Tables for the Conversion of French into English Measures, by | 
 
 Lieutenant Sanders, 1825. J. 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 3. Tables of Continental Lineal and Square Measures, by W. S. B. 
 
 Woolhouse, Esq. 1S;36. 
 
 4. The Modern Cambist, by William Tate, Esq. 1842. 
 Formerly much inconvenience was caused by there being a considerable discrepancy 
 
 between weights and measures of the same denominations used in different parts 
 of the countiy. But this discrepancy was put an end to by the Act 5 Geo. IV. 
 c. 74, -which introduced the Imperial system of weights and measures ; and this 
 system has been still farther improved by the Act 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 63, for the 
 abolition of local and customary measures, aud of the absurd practice of selling by 
 heaped measure. The local mea.sures which are still sometimes refeired to, such 
 as the Scotch acre, being most commonly stated with their equivalents in imperial 
 measiu-e, ai-e productive of little or no practical inconvenience, and are gradually 
 getting out of use. But we should object, even if the existing system did not work 
 BO -well as it is doing, to anything farther being attempted in this matter in the 
 way of legislation ; and especially to any attempt to introduce any new system or 
 standards of weight and measure, or to any considerable change in the "existing 
 system. Attempts of the kind now mentioned, supposing them to be carried 
 into effect, would inevitably occasion great and long-continued inconvenience, 
 -while the advantages, if any, resulting from their adoption, would be quite incon- 
 siderable. 
 Projects for the adoption of a uniform system of weights, &c. among the principal 
 nations of the world seem to be quite as visionary as the projects for a perpetual 
 peace. Contiguous nations (like the United States and Canada), speaking the 
 same language, or closely allied languages, and having nmch intercourse, 
 may perhaps think fit to use the same weights, measures, monies, &c. ; but it is 
 idle to suppose that different and distant nations, or neighbouring nations using 
 different languages, and with very different customs and standards of weight, &c., 
 should ever agree to assimilate their standards. These can never be changed 
 -without vast difficulty and in a long series of years. And why should they be 
 changed ? It is an ea.sy matter to tell the equivalents of our pounds, bushels, 
 gallons, &c., in the weights and measures of other countries ; and when the com- 
 putations arc once made, they are at the disposal of every one, and may be applied 
 
388 
 
 Weights and Measures, Works on — cont. 
 
 with the utmost facility. Hence it is plain that little or nothing would be gained 
 were that impossible equalization of weights and measures, which is so much 
 talked of, carried into effect. 
 Weld : Statistical Survey of the County of Roscommon, by Isaac Weld. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. Dublin, 1832. 
 Wells : An Historical Geography of the Old and New Testament, by 
 
 Edward Wells, D.D. Svo. 4 vols. London, 1721-34. Old calf, gilt. 
 Wellsted : Travels in Arabia, by Lieutentant J. R. Wellsted, F.R.S. 
 
 Svo. 2 vols. London, 1838. 
 West : An Inquiry into the Origin and Manner of Creating Peers, by 
 Richard West, Esq., Lord Chancellor of Ireland. 8vo. London, 1782. 
 Calf, ex. 
 This pamphlet was originally published in 1719, in support of the bill introduced 
 into Parliament in that year by the Earl of Sunderland for limiting the number 
 of Peers. ^Yest endeavours with great talent and ingenuity to show that such 
 limitation would be conformable to the original constitution of Parliament. Mr. 
 Hallam observes of this tract, that " though written with a party motive to serve 
 the ministry of 1719* in the Peerage Bill, it deserves, from the perspicuity of the 
 method and style, to be reckoned among the best of our constitutional disserta- 
 tions" (Middle Ages, iii. 180. edit. 1819). West, who was a distinguished 
 lawyer, after having sat for some years in the House of Commons, was appointed 
 Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1725. He only held that high office for a brief 
 period, having died on the 3rd of December 1726. 
 
 Whateley : Observations on Modern Gardening, by Thomas Whateley, 
 
 Esq. 4th edition. Svo. London, 1777. 
 Whately : Introductory Lectures on Political Economy, by Richard 
 Whately, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin. Svo. London, 1831. 
 
 Elements of Rhetoric. 7th edition. Svo. London, 1846. Calf, ex. 
 
 Elements of Logic. 2d edition. Svo. London, 1827. Calf, ex. 
 
 See, also, Bacon and Paley. 
 
 Wheatley's Remarks on Currency and Commerce. See Works on 
 Commerce. 
 
 An Essay on the Theory of Money and Principles of Commerce, 
 
 by John Wheatley. 4to. London, 1822. 
 Wheaton : Elements of International Law, with a Sketch of the History 
 of the Science, by Henry Wheaton,LL.D. Svo. 2 vols. London, 
 1836. Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 
 Histoire des Progres du Droit des Gens en Europe et en Ame- 
 
 rique, depuis la Paix de Westphalie ju.squ'a nos Jours, avee 
 nne Introduction sur les Progres du Droit des Gens en Europe 
 avant la Paix de Westphalie. 3me edition. Svo. 2 vols. 
 Leipsig, 1853. 
 These are, on the whole, very excellent works. But they evince what is, perhaps, 
 an excusable bias in favour of the American views in regard to the rights of 
 neutrals, the privileges of the flag, &c. 
 Wheelee — HERODOTrs : The Geography of Herodotus, developed and 
 illustrated from Modern Researches and Discoveries, by J. T. Wheeler, 
 F.R.G.S. Svo. London, 1854. 
 Whewell : Four Sermons on the Foundation of Morals, by the Rev. 
 
 William WhcAvell, B.D. 2d edition. Svo. Cambridge, 
 
 See, also, Philosophy, History of. 
 
 * For an accoimt of the Peerage Bill, see Coxe's Life of AValpole, i. cap. IS. 
 
S89 
 
 WnisTON. See Earth, Tlicory of. 
 
 "NVhitaker : The Genuine History of the Britons Asserted, ^ 
 
 l)VtheRev. Mr. Wliitaker. 8vo. London, 1772. (Unilnrm, calf, 
 
 The History of Manchester, in Four UdoUs. 2(1 r ex., 11. cSj B. 
 
 edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1773. J 
 
 White : The Natural History and Anticjuities of Selborne, by the Rev. 
 Gilbert White, ^I.A., with the Naturalist's Calendar, &c. A new 
 edition, by E. T. Bennett, Es(i. 8vo. London, 183G. Dark 
 mor., gilt leaves. 
 One of the most pleasing and deservedly popular books in the language. 
 
 A Voyage to Cochin China, by John White. Svo. London, 1824. 
 
 WiiiTWOUTii : An Account of Russia as it was in 1710, (by Charles Lord 
 Whitworth,) with the Life of Signor Magliabechi. Post 8vo. Straw- 
 berry Hill, 17o8. 
 
 WiCQUEFORT : L'Ambassadcur et ses Fonctions, &c., par M. de Wicquefort, 
 avec le Juge Competent des Ambassadeurs, par M. Bynkershoek, tra- 
 duit par Barbeyrac. 2de edition. 4to. 2 vols. Anist., 1730. 
 Wicquefort is the principal authority on all that relates to ambassadors, their ap- 
 pointments, functions, immunities, Sec. But owing, in some degree, perhaps, to 
 the fact of its having been composed during his imprisonment in Holland, and 
 ■while he laboured under many disadvantages, his treatise is desultory, and far 
 from being so -well compacted as it should have been. The dissertation of Byn- 
 kershoek constitutes the most valuable portion of the work. 
 Wheaton notices Wicquefort as follows, viz.: — " Get auteur naquit a Amsterdam en 
 151tS, et devint ministre resident de I'electeur de Brandebourg a Paris en lCr2G. 
 II resta dans ce poste jusqu'en 1G58, quand le Cardinal IMazarin, ayant intercejjte 
 sa con-espondance d'un caractere off'ensant pour ce ministre, lui ordonna de quitter 
 le royaiune, et, sur son refus le fit emprisonner a la Bastille, et I'envoya ensuite 
 sous escorte a Calais, oh il fut embarque pour I'Angleterre. A son retour dans 
 son pays natal, Wicquefort fut nomme, a la rccommandation dugrand-pensionnaire 
 Jean de Witt, historiographe de la republique et secretaire interprcte des dt'peches. 
 II recevait en meme temps une pension secrete de Louis XIV. II fut nomme par 
 le Due de Lunebourg son resident a la Haye, et ayant tte accuse, en 167.5, d'avoir 
 communique Ics secrets de I'etat aux etrangers, il fut juge par la cour supreme de 
 la province de la Ilollande, et condamne a etre emprisonne pour la vie. II resta 
 en prison jusqu'en 1679, quand I'adresse et I'amour filial de sa fille Taiderent a 
 s'evader. 11 .se retira a Zelle, dans le pays de Ilanovre, ou il mourut, a I'age de 
 quatre-vingt-cinq ans en 1682." — (Ilistoire du Droit des Gens, 3me td. i. 
 288.) 
 
 WiLKiE : The E]Mgoniad, a Poem in Nine Book.?, by the Rev. Dr. Wilkie, 
 8vo. Edinburgh, 17o7. 
 
 The same work. 2nd ed. Edinburgh, 1759. 
 
 This poem, the production of a clergyman, who afterwards became Professor of 
 Natural Philosophy in the University of St. Andrew's, was published at Edinburgh 
 in 1757. The subject is the Second Siege and Capture of Thebes by the Ej)igoni 
 (whence the name), or descendants of the heroes engaged in the first siege. There 
 was a tradition amongst the Greeks that Homer had wTitten a jioem on this sub- 
 ject. And "Wilkie in attempting to supply the lost epic has endeavoured to give 
 the plan and conduct of his poem as much of a Homeric cast as possible. He has 
 imitated Pope in the style and versification. This will be seen from the following 
 specimen : — 
 
 " This theme did once your favourite bard employ, 
 Whose verse immortalized the Fall of Troy. 
 But Time's oblivious gulf, whose circle draws 
 All mortal things by Fate's eternal laws, 
 
390 
 
 WiLKiE — cont. 
 
 In whose wide vortex worlds themselves are tost, 
 
 And rounding swift successively are lost, 
 
 This song hath snatch'd. I now resiune the strain. 
 
 Not from proud hope and emulation vain, 
 
 By this attempt to merit equal praise 
 
 With worth heroic, horn in happier days. 
 
 Sooner the weed, that with the spring appears, 
 
 And in the summer's heat its hlossom hears, 
 
 But, shriv'ling at the touch of winter hoar. 
 
 Sinks to its native earth and is no more. 
 
 Might watch the lofty oak, which long has stood 
 
 From age to age, the monarch of the wood. 
 
 But love excites me, and desire to trace 
 
 His glorious steps, though with unequal pace. 
 
 Before me still I see his awful shade. 
 
 With garlands crown'd of leaves which never fade ; 
 
 He points the path to fame, and hids me scale 
 
 Parnassus' slippeiy height, where thousands fail ; 
 
 I follow trembling, for the clifFs are high, 
 
 And hov'ring round them watchful harpies fly, 
 
 To snatch the poet's -srreath with envious claws, 
 
 And hiss contempt for merited applause." 
 But, despite the skill with which Wilkie executed his task, and the undoubted merits 
 of his poem, it was not, and could hardly indeed be expected to be popular. The 
 first edition was verj' unfavourably noticed in the " Critical Review," then one of 
 the principal authorities in the literary world. But a second edition having appeared 
 in 1759, Hume, who was a fi-iend of the author, and most anxious to promote 
 the success of all works that could boast of a Scottish parentage, exerted himself 
 to counteract the impression made by the article referred to. In furtherance of 
 this object he wrote a lengthened and verj* able letter to the conductors of the 
 Review. He gives in it an account of the poem, repels the objections of the 
 reviewers, and illustrates its many merits. This letter is given entire in Ritchie's 
 Life of Hume, and is well worth the reader's attention. 
 
 WiLKixs : Leges Anglo S.vxonicfe Ecclesiasticfe et Civiles ; accedunt 
 Leges Edvardi Latinne, Gulielrai Conquestoris Gallo-Nor- 
 niannicaB, et Henrici I. LatinjB, &c ; cum Codd. MSS. contulit, 
 Notas, Versionem et Glossarium adjecit David Wilkins, S.T.P., 
 &c. Folio. Londini, 1721. Blue morocco, gilt and marbled 
 leaves. 
 
 The Antiquities of Magna Grascia, by William Wilkins. Imp. fol. 
 
 Cambridge, 1807. Russia, ex. 
 
 Atheniensia, or Remarks on the Topography and Buildings of 
 
 Athens. 8vo. London, 1816. Russia. 
 Wilkinson : An Account of the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, 
 by W. Wilkinson, Esq. 8vo. London, 1820. 
 
 Dalraatia and Montenegro, by Sir J. G. Wilkinson. Svo. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1848. White calf, ex., Hay day. 
 
 Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, &c., &c., by 
 
 J. G. Wilkinson, F.R.S., M.R.S.L., &c. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 
 1837. 
 Williams : Select Views in Greece, with Classical Illustrations, by 
 
 H. W. Williams, Esq., F.R.S.E. 4to. 2 vols. London, 1829. 
 Williamson : Memorials of the Lineage, Early Life, Education, and 
 Development of the Genius of James Watt, by George Williamson, Esq. 
 4to. Edinburgh, 1856. 
 A very interesting work, privately printed. The author was for a long tijne President 
 of the Watt Club of Greenock." 
 
S91 
 
 Willis : Notitia Parliamcntaria ; or, a History of the Counties, Cities 
 and Boroughs in England and Wales, by Browne Willis, Esq. 
 8vo. 3 vols, London, 1730-50. Russia, ex. 
 
 A Survey of the Cathedrals of England ; to which is added the 
 
 Parochiale Aiighcaiium. 4to. 3 vols, in 2. London, 1742. 
 Russia, gilt leaves. Life and Portrait of Willis inserted. 
 
 History of Mitred Parliamentary Abbies and Conventual Cathe- 
 
 dral Churches, &c. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1718-19. Russia, 
 
 gilt leaves. 
 Mr. Browne Willis, a country gentleman of good family and fortune, bom 1682, 
 died 1760. lie -was passionately Ibnd of the study of antiquities. His uninter- 
 mitted labours did much to elucidate the parliamentary and ecclesiastical history 
 of the country ; and he contributed liberally to the renovating and rebuilding 
 of sundrj- religious edifices. The above are his principal works. His Notitia 
 railiamenturia was much referred to, previously to the passing of the Itefonn Act, 
 in cases of contested elections, and continues to be of high authority. 
 
 Wilson : An Archaeological Dictionary, or Classical Antiquities of the 
 Jews, Greeks, and Romans, &c., by the Rev. T. Wilson. 8vo. London, 
 1783. 
 
 Wine Trade, Tracts on, viz. : — 
 
 1. The Present, Past, and Probable Future State of the Wine Trade," 
 
 by James Warre. 2d edition. 1824. 
 
 2. SjTiopsis of the Petition of James Warre to the House of Com- 
 
 mons. 
 
 3. Observations on the State of the Wine Trade, by Fleet-wood 
 
 Williams. 2d edition. 1824. 
 
 4. The Wine Question Considered, by a Portuguese. 1824. 
 
 5. On the Abolition of the General Company for the Cultivation of 
 
 the Vines in the Upper Douro, by a Portuguese, 1826. 
 
 6. Four Accounts relative to Spirits and Wine. Parliamentary 
 
 Paper, No. 450. Sesson 18^7. 
 
 WiNKELMA>^N : Histoire de I'Art cliez I'Antiquite, par M. Winkelmann 
 
 traduite de I'Allemand, par M. Huber. 4to. 3 vols. Leipzig, 1781. 
 
 Calf, ex., H. & B. 
 Wise : Some Inquiries concerning the First Inhabitants, Language, 
 
 Religion, &c., of Europe. 4to. Oxford, 1758. 
 Witt, De : The True Interest and Political Maxims of the Republic of 
 
 Holland, by John De Witt. From the Dutch. 8vo. London, 1746. 
 WoDROW : The History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland from 
 
 the Restoration to the Revolution, by the Rev. Robert Wodrow, with his 
 
 Life and Notes, by Dr. Burns. 8vo. 4 vols. Glasgow, 1835. Calf, 
 
 ex., H. & B. 
 This is a work which has long been very popular in Scotland. It gives a minute 
 account of the outrageous persecution to which the Presbyterians, or people, of 
 Scotland were subjected through the insane efforts of Charles II. and James VU 
 to compel them to adopt the Episcopal form of church government. There can 
 be no doubt of the exemplary industry of the author in collecting materials for his 
 work, and of his good faith in their employment. Unluckily, however, he was as 
 prejudiced and intolerant as his adversaries. In his estimation Presbyterianism 
 was of divine origin, and its supporters were defending the cause of truth and of 
 genuine religion against the enemies of both. A narrative drawn up in such a 
 spirit, and in parts resting on hearsay evidence, must necessarily be liable to a 
 good deal of suspicion. And though in most ca.ses Wodrow's statements of facts 
 have been found to be in the main correct, it must be admitted that they are not 
 unfrequently presented under a highly coloured and deceptive aspect. The notes 
 of Dr. liurns add to the value of the work, and are quite in keeping with its spirit. 
 
 8vo. 1 vol. 
 Scarce and 
 valuable. 
 
- 8vo. 1 vol. 
 
 392 
 
 WoLLASTON : The Religion of Nature Delineated (by Mr. William Wollas- 
 ton). 4to. London, 1725. Calf, ex., uncut, with a fine print 
 of Wollaston. 
 
 The same work. 8th edition. 8vo, London, 1759. Old calf, gilt. 
 
 Wood : A Survey of Trade, in Four Parts, together with Considerations 
 
 on our Money and Bullion, by William Wood. 8vo. London, 
 1718. 
 
 An Essay on the Original Genius and Writings of Homer, by 
 
 Robert Wood, Esq. 4to. London, 1785. 
 Gibbon says that though " pompous and superficial," this book is " not without 
 taste and merit " (Misc. Works, v. 583). 
 "Wood — Law : Memoirs of the Life of John Law of Lauriston, by John 
 
 Philip Wood, Esq. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1824. 
 WooDFALL. See Junius. 
 Woods : Lettei's of an Architect from France, Italy, and Greece, by 
 
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 Woodward, Bishop of Cloyne, Tracts by, viz. : — 
 
 1. Expediency of a Regular Plan for the Maintenance and Govern- 
 
 ment of the Poor, by Eichard Woodward, LL.D., Dean of 
 Clogher, &c. 1775. 
 
 2. Argument in support of the Right of the Poor in the Kingdom 
 
 of Ireland to a National Provision, by the same. 
 
 3. The Present State of the Church of Ireland, by the same. 1787. 
 
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 1728-29. Uncut, calf, ex. 
 Wordsworth : Athens and Attica, by the Rev. C. Wordsworth, M.A. 
 
 2d edition. 8vo. London, 1837. Calf, ex. 
 WoRLiDGE : A Select Collection of Engravings from Antique Gems, by 
 
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 Wright : Observations made in Travelling through France, Italy, &c., in 
 
 the Years 1720, 1721, and 1722, by E. Wright, Esq. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1730. 
 
 X. 
 
 XiMENES, Cardinal. See Flechier. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yarrell : The History of British Birds, by William Yarrell, V.P.L.S. 
 &c. 3d edition. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1856. 
 
 History of British Fishes. 2d edit. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1841. 
 
 Yates : Textrimim Antiquorum : An Account of the Art of Weaving 
 
 among the Ancients. Part. I. (all published), Raw Materials used 
 for Weaving, by James Yates, M.A. 8vo. London, 1843. 
 
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 work. 
 
 Young : The Works of Edward Young, D.D. Royal 8vo. 3 vols. 
 London, 1802. Calf, gilt, Kalthoeber. 
 
 The History of Athens Politically and Philosophically considered. 
 
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 in a Free Commercial State, by William Young, Esq. 4to. 
 London, 1786. Calf, ex. 
 
393 
 
 Uniform, old 
 cult; irilt. 
 
 YouxG : The Farmer's Letters to the People of England, on various 
 vSubjects of Great Importance, by Arthur Young, Esq., F.R.S. 
 3d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1771. Portrait inserted. 
 
 A Tour in h-eland. Sec Works on that Country. 
 
 A vSix Weeks' Tour through the Southern Coun-' 
 
 ties of England and Wales, by the Author of the 
 Farmer's Letters (Arthur Young). 2d edition. 
 Svo. London, 1769. 
 
 The Farmer's Tour through the East of England. 
 
 8vo. 4 vols. London, 1771. 
 
 A Six Months' Tour through the North of Eng- 
 
 land. 2d edition. Svo. 4 vols. London, 
 1771. 
 
 Travels in F'rance during the Years 1787, I788,''and 1789, with 
 
 a View of Ascertaining the Cultivation, Wealth, Resources, and 
 National Prosperity of that Kingdom. 2d edition. 4to. 2 vols, 
 in 1. Bury St. Edmunds, 1794. 
 By far the best account of the state of France at the period of the devolution. 
 
 Political Arithmetic. Svo. Parts I. and IL, in 1 vol. London, 
 
 1774-79. 
 
 M 
 
 M. 
 
 1 vol. 
 
 Z, 
 
 Zexobie : Histoire de Zenobie, Imperatrice-Reine de Palmyre, par M. de 
 
 HauteviUe, B.D.C., &c. 12mo. La Haye, 1758. Old calf. 
 Zodiac, Works on the, viz. : — 
 
 Memoire Explicatif du Zodiaque, par M. Dupuis, avec des Notes 
 
 manuscrites par de La Lande. 4to. Paris, 1806. 
 
 Le Zodiaque Explique, traduit du Suedois. 8vo. 
 
 Paris, 1809. 
 
 Recherches sur les Zodiaques Egyptiens, par 
 
 Latreille. Svo. Paris, 1821. 
 
 Sur le Zodiaque Circulaire de Denderah, par 
 
 Jomard. Svo. Paris, 1822. 
 
 A Dissertation on the Calendar and Zodiac of Ancient Egypt, 
 
 William JMure, Esq. Svo. Edinburgh, 1832. 
 
 Memoir on the Antiquity of the Zodiacs of Esneh and Dendera, 
 
 . by (Sir) William Drummond. 8vo. London, 1821. 
 
 " Memoire sur le Zodiaque Circulaire de Denderah," being the work 
 
 entitled "Recherches sur pJusieurs Points de I'Astronomie 
 Egyptienne," par M. Biot. Svo. Paris, 1823. 
 De Origine et Usu Obeliscorum, auctore Georgio Zoega, Dano. 
 Romte, 1797. Blue mor., marbled leaves. 
 
 ZOEGA : 
 
 Folio. 
 This 
 
 a very complete work. It contains full details in regard to the history, the 
 purposes, and the construction of obelisks, from the remotest periods. It is illus- 
 trated by prints of the more celebrated of these monuments. 
 
 ZuMPT : A Grammar of the Latin Language, from the German of C. G. 
 Zumpt, with Additions by the Rev. John Kenrick, M.A. 4th edition. 
 Svo. London, 1836. Calf, ex. 
 
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394 
 
 BOOKS OMITTED. 
 
 Ana, ou Collection de Bons Mots, Contes, Pensees Detachees, Traits 
 
 d'Histoire, Anecdotes, &c. 8vo. 10 vols. Amsterdam et Paris, 
 
 1789-91. Large paper, half mor., uncut, with many fine prints, peculiar 
 
 to this copy, of the more distinguished individuals referred to. 
 
 This is an interesting work. The Ana are not intermixed. Those of each author 
 
 are given separately, so that we have the Fureteriana, Poggiana, Huetiana, Me- 
 
 nagiana, Sevigniana, &e. The editor, G. T. Gamier, has prefixed short lives of 
 
 the authors to most of the collections, and has further illustrated them with useful 
 
 notes. 
 
 Bewick : A Memoir of Thomas Bewick, written by himself. Embellished 
 by numerous wood engravings, designed and engraved by Bewick for a 
 work on British fishes, and not previously published. Svo. Newcastle- 
 on-Tyne, 1862. 
 
 CoMiNES : Memoires de Messire Philippe de Comines, ou Ton trouve 
 I'Histoire des Rois de France Louis XL et Charles VIII. Editio 
 optima. 4to. 4 vols. Paris, 1747. 
 
 Egger : Essai de I'Histoire de la Critique chez les Grecs, suivi d'une Tra- 
 duction de la Poetique d'Ai-istote, &c. Par M. E. Egger. 8vo, Paris, 
 1849. 
 
 Eectjeil d'Epitaphes Serieuses, Badines, Satiriques, et Burlesques de la 
 plupart des Hormnes celebres par leurs vertus, leurs vices, &c. Par 
 M. D. L. P. Post 8vo. 3 vols. BruxeUes, 1782. 
 An interesting work. 
 
 Sarpi : Istoria del Concilio Tridentino di Fra Paolo Sarpi, con la Vita del 
 Autore da Micanzio. Svo. 4 vols. Firenze, 1858. Half mor., uncut. 
 
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