323 Sflfl M'TMQD 5 & $, .d\~/;sL^ SS1AN noocnftaeiMViwyiocTcxMOt,^ 2-^:52*4^4? RAPPOPI 'R.2.2.1 RUSSIAN GRAMMAR. HOSSFELD'S NEW METHOD. HOSSFELD'S NEW PRACTICAL METHOD FOR LEARNING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BY S. HAPPOPORT B. L. (Russia); M. A.; Ph. D. Lecturer on modern Languages and Literatures at the Birkbeck Institute London. For Sale at and Trade Supplied by C. N. CASPAR CO. BOOKEMPORIUM 454 EAST WATER STREET MILWAUKEE, - WISCONSIN DRY RIG'NALTOBE ETA'.NED UL 12 1994 PRINTED IN ENGLAND First Edition printed 1903 Reprinted July, 1910 ; March, 1913 February, 1915 ; April, 1916 COPTWIOHTl fAO, RIGHTS RESERVED MAIN/ PEEFACE. The popularity of the Hossfeld practical method of learning languages has induced the publishers, Messrs. Hirschfeld Brothers, to add a Russian Grammar to their list. Neglected in the past, the Russian language has at last forced itself upon the attention of thinking men in England, and it is now coming to be regarded, not only as of value, but of actual importance. Students, desirous of becoming acquainted with the Russian tongue, however, have had to contend with diffi- culties, and it is therefore with great pleasure that I have undertaken the task of meeting the need of an easy and practical manual. Whether I have adequately fulfilled the necessary conditions is for the critic and student to determine. I can only hope that they will be indulgent. I have throughout endeavoured to illustrate the gramma- tical rules and to give a faithful and literal translation of the Russian sentences. I am fully aware that in many instances the English style has suffered, but style must often be sacrificed to method and utility in a work of this kind. The plan of the Grammar may be summarised as follows: The book contains 51 lessons, each of which occupies four page, VI The first page is devoted to grammatical Rules. The second page contains Vocabularies and Exercises on the Rules and on the Verbs given on the preceding page. The third page gives Questions on the same Rules, and Conversations illustrating these Rules. On the fourth page is a graduated Reading Exercise, which should be read aloud and translated with the assistance of words given between or under- neath the lines. To these lessons are added: 1. 25 Short Vocabularies of words in daily use. 2. Selections from Russian Prose and Poetry. These Selections have been taken from the best Russian authors and are arranged in chronological order 3. A Russian-English Vocabulary of all the words needed for the translation of the exercises and selections. 4. An English -Russian Vocabulary containing in alphabetical order most of the words given on the second page of each lesson. I trust the book will commend itself to all students desirous of acquiring a knowledge of the Russian language. In conclusion I have to express my thanks to Mr. Henry V. Me Cleland of Moscow who has kindly read the final proofs. S. Rappoport. London. CONTENT& See also Index. page Preface V The Russian Alphabet 2 The Russian written Alphabet 3 Classification of the letters of the Alphabet 3 Pronunciation of hard vowels 4 Pronunciation of soft vowels 5 Exercise 66 Pronunciation of semivowels * . . 6 Pronunciation of consonants 6 8 Accent. Division of Syllables. Capital letters. Punctuation 9 Law of Permutation. Parts of Speech 10 Gender. Case 11 Number. Declension. Table of Declensions 12 The Noun. First Declension. Auxiliary verb to be . . . 14 Second Declension. Auxiliary verb to have 18 12 Third Declension. Verbs with negation 20 Remarks on the Declension of masculine nouns . 26, 30, 34, 38, 42 Regular Verb 34, 38, 42 Remarks on the feminine Declension 46, 59 Subjunctive Mood 46, 50 Remarks on the neuter Declension 64, 58 Other Remarks on the Nouns 60 The Adjective 62 Declension of Adjectives 66 The apocopated form 70 Degrees of Comparison 74 Irregular forms of Comparison 78 The Pronoun. Personal Pronouns 84 Possessive Pronouns . 88 VHI . The reflective Conjugation ............ 88, 90, 94 Demonstrative Pronouns ............... 90 Relative and Interrogative Pronouns ...... .... 94 Definitive and Indefinite Pronouns ........... 98 The Numeral ................... 102 Declension of cardinal Numbers .......... fc . 103 Collective Numerals ................ 108 Fractional numbers ................ 109 Distributive numbers ........ ........ 110 Ordinal numbers. Hours of the day ......... 114 The Verb .................... 118 Conjugations ................. 119122 Formation of the Tenses ............ 126, 130 Participles and Gerunds ............... 134 Irregular Verbs ....... ..... 138140, 144146 Prepositions ....... .......... 150, 154 Adverbs .................. 158, 162 Conjunctions and Interjections ............ 166 Syntax. Concord of words .......... . . 172 Use of Casts. The Genitive ..... . ....... 176 Use of the Dative ................. 180 Accusative ............... 184 Instrumental ............. 188, 192 Adjectives Caiai, and casing ............. 196 Government of Verbs ........... '. . 200, 204, 208 Prepositions ................ 212, 216, 220 Construction ................... 224 Verbs with Prepositions ..... ..... ..... 228 Short Vocabularies of words in daily use ...... 232240 Selection of Russian Poetry and Prose ...... 241269 Russian-English Vocabulary ........... 270288 English-Russian Vocabulary ........ ... 289299 INDEX (Russian). page B. B.Taro 180 EjaroflapnTL 180 EH 46 BuBajio 204 BUJTO 204 BHTB, use of . . . . 192, 200 B. Beet, place in sentence ^o, with verbs . DOCTOR HL1H . . E. ECTB, meaning of . 3K. 3. 224 212 204 104 180 228 176 188 200 180 220 3a ......... 216 ,, with verbs ..... 228 HrpaiB K. page 220 192 180 JL JIHOIHTB ... ..... 184 JILCTIITB ........ 180 Jin,. ........ 104 M. MOJHTLCfl ....... 180 H. ea ......... 220 with verbs ..... 228 ....... 196 o. o, with verbs ..... 228 o6a ......... 224 ..... 208 n. no ......... 216 with verbs ..... 228 180 ..... 203 page 110 HO IIOJHOIH ....... 110 110 176 110 noxoau ........ 180 npH, with vowels .... 228 P. 180 188 y. 196 196 204 208 180 ynpasjienie ...... 192 208 ....... 208 INDEX. page JEM Accent 9 Accusative, use of the . . 184 with prep. BI . 212 Adjectives 62 apocopated form 70 Declension . . 66 possessive . . 70, 172 Syntax .... 196 place in sentence 224 Adverhs 150 derivation of . . 162 of quantity ... 172 Age 176 expression of . . . . 110 Alphabet 2 written .... 3 Apocopated termination. . 196 B. To be, use of 200 To become 188 To be born . 188 page Case 11 Cases, use of the 176, 180, 184, 188 Capital letters 9 Cardinal numbers, declension 103 Concord of words .... 172 To congratulate .... 208 Conjugations 86, 119 Conjunctions, list of ... 106 Consonants (pronunciation) 6 Construction of sentences . 224 To complain 180 Comparison, degrees of . . 74 Irregular formations 78 D. Date Dative, use of the By day Declension . . . . To deprive of . . . Distance To drink one's health 176 180 162 12 184 184 216 XI It exists 200 F. Fear 176 To flatter 200 To follow behind someone. 204 G. Gender 11 Genitive, use of the . . . 176 Gerunds, formation of . . 134 Glad of it 180 To greet 180 H. Home 162 Hours of the day .... 114 I. To imitate 204 Imperative, use of the . . 200 formation of the 130 Infinitive, use of the . . . 200 governing Dative 180 Instrumental, the . . 188, 192 Interjections, list of ... 166 L. To laugh at To learn . 208 208 M. Management 192 To marry 220 Measure 176 To menace 180 N. Name, expressed in Russian 188 Negative sentences . 176, 184 Nominative, use of the 172,176,192 Nouns, feminine .... 18 irregular 46, 50 masculine .... 14 irregular 26, 30, 34, 38, 42 Neuter 22 irregular 54, 58 irregular .... 60 Numbers, adverbial . . . 110 cardinal, place in sentence . 172, 224 compound . . . 104 distributive . . 110 Numerals, collective . . . 103 fractional ... 108 list of . . . . 102 ordinal, list . . 114 o. Obliged 208 One, declension of ... 102 P. Participle, passive . . 134, 196 formation of . . 134 Permutation, law of ... 10 Pity 180 To play 220 To pray 180 Predicate 172 Predicative 172 Prepositional, use of ... 184 with preposi- tion B-B . . . 214 Prepositions, with verbs . 228 go verning accus. 184,212 two cases 154 list of 150 Privation, verbs of ... 176 Pronoun, Definite .... 98 X1T page Pronoun, Demonstrative . . 90 Indefinite ... 94 Interrogative . . 94 Personal .... 82 place in sentence 224 Possessive ... 86 Relative 94 Punctuation 9 B. To rejoice at 180 Relationship 176 s. Same 196 To satisfy 208 Semivowels 6 Sentences, impersonal . . 172 Similar 180 Speech, parts of .... 10 To study 208 Subject 172 Surname 188 Syllables 9 Syntax 172 T. To teach 208 Tenses, use of the . 184, 200 Titles, predicates after . . 172 To train 208 To trust in. ,204 Up to u. V. 216 Verb, regular . . . 34, 38, 42 to have ...'.. 19 reflective . . 86, 90, 94, 104 division ..... 118 formation of participles 134 future, past ...... 130 formation of future, present .... 126 formation of gerund 135 Aspects ..... 118 Conjugation .... 119 Irregular 138140, 144148 Use of tenses ... 204 Governing the Dative 208 Verbs governing various ca- ses ..... 204,208 of esteem .... 192 contempt . . . 192 with Prepositions 220, 228 expressing anger. . 220 of command . . . 180 Vowels, pronunciation . . 4, 5 w. On the way ...... 162 Weight ........ 176 Worthy ....... 176 FIRST PART, ELEMENTARY. THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET The Russian Alphabet consists of 36 letters, which are as follows : A a-ah C c s B 6-b T T-t B B V y y oo r r g (as before a) D $-f a a-d X x kh e e U, a-ts 3K 3K zh (j in French) *I q ch (soft) 3 8^Z UI in sh n H ee m m shtch I i ee (used before a vowel) (sign indicating bard pro-\ nunciation of the preceding 1 consonant. / n it the same sound as bl w-y K y in bay H k w /soft pronunciation of tbe\ *" Vpreceding consonant. / JI a 1 "I* *fe e M M m 3 a a H H n H) K) you oo fl H yah n n p 8 e-f p p r V v-y Note. The student will observe that several Russian letters are very similar to some English character but have a different phonetic value ; we recommend him to take particular notice of the following letters : B B = v, H H = n, P p = r, G c = s, V y = u, X x = kh. He will also observe the distinguishing characteristics of n a in m. 8 THE RUSSIAN WRITTEN ALPHABET. . 2. In the termination of the present tense of verbs as CIIIB, CTB, 6MB, CT6. 3. In the terminations ero or efi of the instrumental singular of fern, nouns. 4. Before the gutturals r, K, x or the hissing sounds at, m; e is pronounced yaw. * sounds like ye in yes at the beginning of words; in the middle of words, however, it is pronounced more like e in let: fiipa. In the following words and their deri- vatives and compounds ii has the sound of yaw: radbfla, ' suisjuJ, otipiurb, cinjia, I^B^JII. ro is pronounced like win use or like you: Kmonia. In French words written in Russian characters, 10 expresses the sound of the French u: 6pouiiopa. J[K)TTHXI>. H is only used before consonants; it sounds like the Eng- lish e in me: HMJJ. After i or B it has the sound of ye: HM-B, HMH, i is pronounced like H: npiean,; it is always followed by a vowel or ii except in Mipi> (world, universe) to distin- guish it from MHP^B (peace). r sounds like ee. Beading of words with soft vowels. a6jiOKo, JiBJieHie, aro^a, a^po, HRT>, ^ssa, .HMIH.HK'B, aMui,HHa, paCiiea, pa6Ka, caK'B, Tarame, TaraTBca, TaatecrB, TUSKCJIO, naia, naTHo, naTB, , MHT&Kl), KCJILfl, SaHflTie, BpCMS, 6CTB, , ero, CAHHHH, atena, qepnEifi, opejrB, ocejra, na- , ejKa, ^er-OTB, 6epesa, HoiJier$, nteraB, atHBe'TX, na,a;emB, nLeiii., BLCTCJI, jraijo, JKCJITEIH, merojiB, luema, me.iK-B, icTt, iaj^HTB, isji.a, 4ji;a, BiKx, BiqemH, noMicTBe, norjia^TB, ce6i, Ci^HHii, rnis^a, BB'is^H, o6piJi r B; ci^^^* IJBi.H'B, BH^iTB, JIK)6HTB, JIK^H, JIK)66BB, ieCTOJIK)6ie, H3K)M'B, 3I03H, ji,K)acHHa, .urona, MjiHCTep-B, ^IOMOH^, ror^, HXI>, HMH, HMl, O^HH^, JH1HHH, Hrpa, Mlp-B, aTB, 6jaronojiy5ie, Biipaatenie. Pronunciation of semivowels. The semivowels are either hard: ^ or soft B, H. ^ and B have no separate sound. $ is used to give to the pre- ceding consonant a hard sound: AOMTB, ^Bopi,; B confers a liquid, slender enunciation on the preceding consonant, similar to the French gne in ivrogne. .pepB, KOCTB, KOHB (dvery 6 ). ft is only used after vowels to form a diphthong and sounds like English y in say, boy. Beading of words with semivowels. ,n,pyn&> pajp, poiiaHx, nacTyx^, BOJIKI,, Bpai ir B, ., XBaJHTi, CTOJiapI,, rOBOpHH'B, pa60TaTB, 6CTB, CyTB, KOHB, HCHB, nacTB, naxi>, HEJJIB, nujii,, CTOJII, CTOJIB, 6miB, noKofl, sjo^tfi, 6on, CTpoa, qaii, noMMyfi, capau, KasnaqeH. Pronunciation of consonants. The consonants (corjiacntia 6yKBH) are divided into: a) hard (TBep^u^): n, $> , K x T, c, ra. b) soft (MarKia): 6, B, r, #, JK, 3. c) liquid (nJiaBHEia): JT, M, H, p. According to the various organs used in pronouncing the consonants they are again divided into: a) Gutturals (ropTaanHa): r, K, x. b) Palatals (He6HHfl): JT, B, p. c) Labials (ry6HHfl): 6, B, M, n, <{), e. d) Dentals (sytfH&a): #, T, 3, c. e) Linguals (miWEun): n;. f) Hissings (mnnanUa): at, q, ui, 1. r, is generally pronounced like g in great, God: rpoM- Kiii; 2. in the words Tocno^b Lord, 6jiaro well, and in the oblique cases of Borx God, r is aspirated and pronounced like h in have; 3. at the end of words (except after 3) and before la it has the sound of K: Jiynb. 4. Before the consonants: K, m, i, in,, T, also in foreign words ending in prs and in the words Eor^ God, y66vLpoor r sounds like kh in English, ch in the Scotch foc/a or like the German g in Tag, schlagen: .aerie, jierKiS, norm. 5. In the genitive terminations of adjectives and pronouns: aro, aro, oro, ero. r sounds like v: xopoinaro. K, is pronounced like k in Jcwg: CKOJILKO. Before m (T) it sometimes has the sound of x (kh): KTO. x, sounds like Teh, the German ch in Naclit or the Scotch ch in loch: xopomo. 6. B, M, n, (|), are pronounced as b, v, m, p, f in English: liopi., GijmH, Moil, nyji,!., 4>yHTi. At the end of words before T, or whenever placed before a hard consonant 6 and B assume the sound of n and e is pronounced like , Taut, sibsjj, CLJH^, u, r BJitiM. A and 3 at the end of words before T> or whenever placed before a hard consonant assume the sound of T and c: CBasKa, .IO^KO, xy^inin. 9 T before 6, r, #, JK, 3 takes the softer sound 9f #: OTacrfTB. c in this case sounds like 3: c^ijiaTB. In 3^ and CT followed by H, ^ and T are not heard, as in the English word listen (often): npas.UHHKT., nocxHUH. In CTjiaTB m is also mute. 3K is pronounced like the English s in measure or like the French j in jour: JKejdiSo. When placed before a hard consonant JK assumes the sound of m: H sounds like the English ch in charm, china: in is pronounced like the English sh in short, cash: mars, sounds like in and i combined: jKenmima. ^ before T sounds like m: m, before H assumes the sound of m: noM6m,HHK%. Beading of words with various consonants. 3KOJT06'B, OCTpOBl,, p66ltiH, JIOBKlfl, KpOBi, KpOBB, 3y6apB, ABOP^, Ge^opi, AOHHH, WHORL, vnocTacB, npo6jieMa, npiLie'T'B, npnjHBi, npocTpaHCTso, no6 r fe,3 < HTB, SKecTOKift,' JKepetje'HOKx, atejiiso, ateHiu,HHa, HoarB, JIOJKB, JiojKKa, qHTajn,, OTBiqaTB, HTO, H'feM'B, qyatOH, HCTonncaeie, HSBosqHKx, KOjie6jiK)ni,iflca, B03Bpa- enie, Kone^no, noMOiu.HHK'B, Borx, Focno^B, Ojaro, Bora, , CHrB, 6epen, 6Kpyi ir B, Tor^a, Bcer^a, ierqe, BnpTeM6epr r B, npecc6ypr r B, norm, y66ri,, 3joro, TaKoro, xopoinaro, CHHflro, KTO, ^TO, TO^HO, , nojKKa, JiojKKa, Mym^HHa, MyafB, xopouio, S, xy.3,0, xy^niiH, XOT^TB, JK)6oBB, nojino, ifi, cjiaBa,6ijiHH, noJioateHie, ^Bopx, pa3^&,cojiHii 1 e,CTJ[aTB, 4>eJiB r ii 1 Mapniaji r B, jiaBKa, Jio^Ka, poatB, Jiyr^, .nyxt, AHTJI, ^-fe.io, ^HCTBHTeJlBHtlfl, Tpy^I., TgyOKa, Tp6raTB, TpOflKa, TpOCTOHKa, TponiiqecKiri, TpouyTB, 061,43^^, o6i>t3^HTB, o6y3,a,aTB, odaaa- TCJIBCTBO, o6pa3HHK^, Bocxn in,eme, BocKpcceHie, BOCHOMH- Hiieie, KOJICCO, OCTPHTB, pacii,B r BTaHie, pacABiiTinifi, BHK'L. Accent. No fixed rules can be given with regard to the Russian accent; the student will acquire this knowledge by practice and habit. The accent is indicated by a sign (like the French accent aigu) placed over the vowel. The tonic accent is marked throughout this Grammar. Division of Syllables. In Russian a syllable ends with a vowel and begins with a consonant. Therefore: 1. One or several consonants between two vowels begin the new syllable: HO-JKHK'L, ji,6-6pHH. Liquid con- sonants, however, belong to the preceding syllable: cojiH-i;e. 2. Of two similar consonants between two syllables one belongs to the first and the other to the second syllable: Poc-cifl, Cy6-6oTa. 3. The semivowel t between two consonants divides the syllable: ceaAL-6a; when standing between a consonant and a vowel it belongs to the same syllable as the vowel: KpeCTLfl-HHHi. 4. Compound words and derivatives are divided ac- cording to their component parts: 6paT-cKin. 5. Foreign words are divided in accordance with the rules of the original language: EB-po-na. 6. The consonants 6.1, BJI, MJI, HJI are not separated: Capital letters. In Russian capital letters are used at the beginning of a sentence or of a line in poetry. Capital letters are further employed in proper names and titles and in pro- nouns when referring to the person addressed, as: Baine Punctuation. The signs of punctuation are the same as in English, viz.: ^(,) Sangrias; (;) TOHKa c^ sanaToro; (:) .poeTOHie; (.) ToiKa; (?) snaK'B BonpocHTejiBHun; (!) snaK^ BOCKJIHII.^ TCJBHH&; [] () CK66KH; " Kas^qKH; nepxa, rape; . . MHoroTo^ie; snaKi* coeAHHHTejiBHiiH. j. 10 Law of Permutation. Vowels. After r, K, x, at, i, m, m,, there can never stand H but 11 r, K, x, a, ?, m, in;, u, x a. r, K, x, JK, ?, ni, m, n, ro ,-, y. at, ?, m, m, n, ,,unacc.obute. After r, K, x there can never stand L but i>. 1 }> ^" H. When the vowel ro is preceded by 6, B, M, n, an Ji is always inserted: juo6-jiib. Note. % and L only stand after consonants. Consonants. Before a, e, H, ro, c. r, fl, 3 are changed into at. K, T, n; i. x, c m. CK, CT m;. Parts of Speech. (Hacm ptHM.) The Russian language contains nine parts of speech: 1. The Noun HMH cymecTBirre.ii.noe. 2. The Adjective HMS npHJiara/rejiLnoe. 3. The Pronoun 4. The Numeral HMH 5. The Verb iMarojrB 6. The Adverb napi 7. The Preposition 8. The Conjunction 9. The Interjection The Noun, Adjective, Numeral, Pronoun and Verb are inflected; the other parts of speech are uninflected. There is no article in the Russian language; it is left to the sense of the sentence to in- dicate whether a Noun is determinate or indeterminate. Sometimes the words TOT-B this and HiKOTOpHft, a certain one or OJJHHL a, are used to indicate the determinate or indeterminate sense. Gender. POJ-B. In Russian, as in English, there are three genders, the masculine, the feminine and the neuter. Words representing inanimate objects, which in English are neuter, may be, in Russian, either masculine, feminine or neuter according to the following rule: Words ter- minating in r B, B, fi are masculine; in a, a, L feminine; in o, e, MS neuter. Nouns, however, representing animate beings are masculine when referring to males ^and feminine when referring to females, irrespective of the termination: erapocTa, fl,iifl.a are masc. Some nouns in Russian with a feminine termination have a common gender, i. e. are either masc. or fern. cJiyra - servant (male and female); y6iiiu,a murderer and mur- deress; cnpoTa orphan (male and female). Case. The Russian declensions have seven cases: 1. The Nominative HMeHHTCJiB 2. The Genitive PoflHTeJiBHBiH 3. The Dative ^aTejiBHH 4. The Accusative BaHHTejiBEHfi na.u.eaj'B. 5. The Vocative SsaTejiBHufi na^eati. Q. The Instrumental or Causative TBOPHTCJIBHHH 7. The Locative or Prepositional The Nom., Genit. and Accus. are employed as in Eng- lish: that is to say, the Nominative points to the subject of the Verb, the Accus. to its object and the Genitive in- dicates possession. The Dative is generally equivalent to the English objective with the preposition to. The In- strumental or Causative answers the questions ~by ivhom? In) or wiili what? and designates the means or cause; it also signifies the manner of an action. The Locative signifies the time or place when or where an action is performed; it is called Prepositional because it is only used with the prepositions: BO, B'B in; na on; o, 06^ of; no after ; npn ~by or near. The Vocative is always like the Nominative except in the Nouns Bori, Focno^B, iHcyci. (Jesus), XpncTOCt (Christ), (father), which have the independent forms: EOJKC, Incyce, Xpncxe, OTie. Number. There are two numbers in Russian. The Singular e^HHCTBCHHoe HHCJIO which is used for one person or thing; and the Plural MHoacecTBCHHoe ^HCJIO which is used for more than one person or thing. Declension. In Russian the declension is based upon the termination of the word to be declined. We divide the Russian nouns into three declensions according to their terminations. The first declension comprises all nouns with the masculine terminations: $ (hard), fi, L (soft). The second declension comprises all nouns with the feminine terminations a (hard), a, L (soft). The third declension comprises all nouns with the neuter terminations o (hard), e, Ma (soft). Table of Declensions. Masculine. HM. i, u, B Po*. a, a, a Aax. y, K), H> BHH. like HM. or P Tuop. OMI>, eMi, em IIpeA- t, t, -t HM. ii, H, H POJ. OBI,, CBl, 6M, r 'I,aT. aMi,, AMI, AMI. BHH. like HM. or PO.H. TBOp. IMH, flMH, flMH ax't, axi, axi SINGULAR. Feminine. Neuter. a, a, L o, e, Ma, H, H, H a, a, MBHH 4, 4, H J, K), MCHH y, D, B o, e, Ma OK), CID, IK) OM'L, GM'L, MCiieJ 4, 4, H 4, 4, Mean PLURAL. H, H, H 1), L, CM aM-B, Mt, flM-L like HM. or POA. dMH, /[Mil, MH axx, axx, axt a, x, Mena B, eif, M6H-B aMi., a MI, like HM. or a.MH, ;IMH ax-L, GRAMMAR, VOCABULARIES. CONVERSATIONS AND READING EXERCISES. 14 First Lesson. HepBHfi ypoira. The Noun, FIRST DECLENSION. The first declension comprises nouns ending in t, fl, L. EAHHCTBGHHOe IHCJIO. Animate. SINGULAR. Inanimate. HM. Po*. AaT. BHH. o4>Hu,ep'i, The officer MHO; o<)Hu,epy ocjmiiepa o(j)Hii 1 epoM'E 06* o(jHn,epi CTOJTL The table CTOJia ciojiy CTOJi CTOJIOMt CTOJli HM. Po*. BHH. OfJmn.epOBT, Tfiop. o the ship PLURAL. HM. Po*. repoH repdest repoaMi repoeBt BHH. Tfiop. Ilpe^. o repoax'B K0pa6jieft RULE. The accusative (singular and plural) of the masculine declension is like the genitive in the case of animate beings and like the nominative in the case of inanimate or abstract objects. In the feminine and neuter declensions this remark applies only to the plural. The auxiliary verb to be 6HTL. SINGULAR. Indicative Present. PLURAL. 1st Person a eciii, I am I MH CCMLI we are 2nd TH CCH thou art BH ecie you are 3rd OHI, OHa, OHO CCTL &HJI (oni fern, and neuter) cyit he, she, it is they are The present tense of 6HTi is only used in poetry, except the 3rd person singular and plural which are employed in prose as well. Generally, however, the present tense of GHTB is omitted, although understood. Vocabulary. (To be learned by heart, as these words will not be given again.) arid, also, H and, but, a carpenter, ILIOTUHK-B cheese, cspi court-yard, elephant, friend, fruit, here, house, joiner, in, ET> lantern, no, not, He shed, coachhouse, capat tea, ian teacher, yiirrejb there, Tasii what? TTO? where? who? &TO? Exercise No. 1, 1. Decline the following nouns in the singular and plural as shown in the examples on the preceding page: , capan, CJIOHX, npmxejit; and afterwards translate: The court-yard, the lantern, the teacher, the teachers, of the teachers, to the teachers, the car- penters (ace.), of the carpenters, the joiners, the joiner (ace.), of the joiner, with the lantern, the houses, to the houses, the cheese (ace.), of the cheese, in the shed, in the sheds, in the house, in the houses, the elephants, of the elephants, the elephants (ace.), the fruits (ace.). I am he is we are they are (fern.) thou art . 2. KTO BT, capa'fe? DjiOTHUKTb B-B capa/k F^rt ctipt? dipt na CTOjrii. KTO BA^CB? YiHTeJiB SA'^CB, a TaMX. KTO OHT>? OB^ cTOJuipx. IVvfc ({>OHapB? BI. capai. Cijpfc He UJIOA'B. XjiiOi, H naff. Where is the elephant? The elephant is here. Bread is not a fruit. The teacher's lantern is on the table. The joiner and the carpenter are in the house. Where are the friends? They are here. To whom(*) does the fruit belong ?(**) The fruit belongs to the teacher. Where is the joiner? He is working (f) in the shed. (*) KOMJ. (**) npHHafljieacHT'B. (-J-) pa66Taei"b. Questions on Grammar. 1. How can you recognise when a noun is masculine, when feminine, and when neuter? 2. When is the accus. like the Genitive? 3. What is the Vocative of Focndflt and Xpncioci? 4. What is the translation of the definite article the in Russian? 5. Why is the locative case also called prepositional? 6. What are the terminations of the nominative^ plural? 7. What are the terminations of the dative singular? 8. By what case is the English to rendered in Russian? Conversation. Good morning. Good day. Good evening. Where are the heroes? I do not know where they are. Give me the fruit. The fruit is here but the bread is there. To whom does the house be- long? The house belongs to the hero. Where is he? He is in the yard. What is he doing there? He is working. What is there on the table? Bread and tea. To whom does the lantern belong? (transl. to whom belongs?) It belongs to the officer. Where is the officer at pre- sent? (transl. at present the officer?) He is now on the ship with the carpenter. And where is the joiner? The joiner (is) also there. 3,n;paBCTByn ! rep OH? ne snaro r^ OHH. n.ao l zi, r &. , a KoMy npiraa ( a;jiejKHT r b ,HOM^ npHHa^JieatHTX repoio. TA^ OHi? OHI na $0- TaM'B Ha CTOJTE? H KoMy Hapt? Tenept o OHI Tenept na Kopa6jii HJIOTHHEOMT,. A CTOJiap' T03K6 17 Reading Exercise No. 1. TH npOBejn, 3iy ne.a.ijiK) ? Bt noHeAtaHHK'B a How you did pass this week On Monday I 6HJTB BT> UIKOJTB; BO BTOpHHK'b 6uji r b .neHB poiKAeflifl Moero was at school Tuesday . the day birth of my fli.nyiiiKH. MH, .H^TH, nijra BT qeinpe rojioca, TTO e&iy grandfather We children sang . four voices what him OICHB nonpaBHJiocB, n HOTOM'B nosApaBHjiH ero* ^iAymKa very much pleased . then congratulated him . 6ujii ^OBOILHO BecejTB, HO Kponi CBOHXI. y nero EHKOFO sufficiently gay . besides his own with him nobody He ()HJIO; OH'B BI> 3x01^ ^eHB He npHHHMaerB rocxefi. Bx was . . this . . does receive guests cpeAy y saci. 6u:i% npasAHHEi. H MH nonuiH BX Jiicx. Wednesday . . . holiday . . went . the wood YTPOMX B'B neTBeprx ytxajia TeiKa H MH HOUIJIH, KaKi) In the morning Thursday left aunt . . as 06HKHOB6HHO, BI yqrfjiHiu.e; HO BOTX MH ysHOH, HTO usual to school but there . learned . y^HTejiL Haini yiepi H BC-B BOSBpaTHiHCL .HOMOH B-B ro- the teacher our had died . all returned home with grief pi, noToiiy HTO MH ero o^eHB jiK)6HJiH. Bi miTHimy because ... . loved . Friday MH ci OTi],6Mi> noniJiH B'L nojie. Bt BOCKpecente MH with the father . . field . Sunday Bcer.n.a XO^HMT. Bt H,epKOBB, HO STOT^ pasi> HC ycniJiH. always go . church . . time B% JKHSHH nacTo MHoro ne^ajiH H Majio pa^ocTeH. r^i life often much sorrow . little joy MHOrO CB^Ta, TEMl H MHO TO T^HH. light ... shade. BjaroAapJo sa Banie npHrjiaiueme. # 3AopOBi. H no- } thank for your invitation I am well . . TOMy a .a.oBOJieH'B. TO MH r 6yAeTi> secBMa npiaiHO satisfied . to me will be very agreeable Let us be friends 18 Second Lesson. BxopoH The SECOND DECLENSION of Nouns. Comprises all feminine nouns ending in a, a, L as well as the masculine and common nouns with a feminine ter- mination. Animate. SINGULAR. Inanimate. HM. Poa. ateBiunea, the woman BHH. Tsop. Upe*. o HM. BHH. Tuop. CTina, the wall crfeHH CT-feoi CTtHOK) f o crfcH^ PLURAL. CT^HH CT'feHaM'B CTtHBI Animate SINGULAR. Inanimate HM. rpa^HHfl, the countess flax. BHH. TBOp. rpaffmHK) KOCTB, the bone KOCTH KOCTH KOCTB KOCTBH) KOCTH PLURAL. HM. BHH. Tsop. KOCTH KOCT6H KOCTflMl KOCTH KOCTflMH KOCTflX'B RULE. I. If the accent is on the last syllable in the nom. sing, it passes over to the first in the nom. plural. II. The terminations OK> and ero in the instrumental case are generally pronounced and often even written OH and en. III. According to the rules given above (v. Permutation p. 10) $ is changed into H after i, and H takes the place of t after vowels: Mojraia lightning. S.: MpJimn, MOJiHiH, MOjraiK), MOJiHiero, o Mojmiu. PL: Mojmin, MOJiHin &c. IV. The ace. pi. is like the genit. in animate objects and like the nom. in inanimate objects; in the sing, the words terminating in a or a have y or H) and those in B have always B. The auxiliary verb to have. The Russian Verb HM^TL properly means to possess; the English Verb to have is rendered by the genitive case (of the noun or pronoun) with the preposition y and the Verb GETS to be. SINGULAR. Indicative Present. PLURAL. 1st pers. y MGHH GCTB, I have 2nd pers. y ie6a ecu,, thou hast 3rd pers. y Hero, y nea, y Hero CCTL, he, she or it has. y Hact ecu,, we have y saci CCTL, you have y HHXI, eciB, they have aunt, TeTKa beauty, Kpacoia bird, iiTHU.a book, KHtira fish, J)66a fork, BHJiKa grandfather, grandmother, dafiymua height, Vocabulary. horse, Jioinajb man, Myatiaiia melon, HUHZ paper, 6ynara pear, rpyina picture, napi-ima pigeon, rojiy6b reed, xpociL roof, room, KOMHaia I saw, a I speak, you speak, Bopirre spoon, JioatK storm, 6ypa strength, BH ro- Exercise No. 2. 1. Decline in the singular and plural: the wife the door .peps, the cat Kourea, the dog co6aKa; and afterwards translate: The cat, the cats, the roofs, of the roofs, the storm, the storms, the horses (ace.), of the horses, to the horses, the book, the books, of the books, the grandfather. I have, we have, have we ? they have, has he V has she? she has, have I? thou hast 2. Y MCHH flpLRx. Y Te6a Jioraa^B. y sac^ jiojKKa. y Te6a JIH mjnma? 3;i, r l>ci> KHiira rpa^HHff. y nero cupi H rpyina, y Hero co6aKa H Koiima. y Hnx$ 6yMara. J(^i BHJIKH A^AH. y HaC'b BHEIHa. y M6Ha JIH ITTHIja? ECTI, JIH y Baci> JioniaAB Kopojia? The picture belongs to the uncle. Where are the forks and the spoons? Here is the pear. He is the teacher of the countess. The picture belongs to the grandfather. The walking-stick belongs to the teacher. The grandmother's spoons are on the table. Has the teacher an uncle? Has he an uncle? The uncle has a wife. Questions on Grammar. 1. How is the verb "to have" rendered in Russian? 2. How is the interrogative rendered in Russian? 3. When is the accus. pi. like the genitive and when is it like the nominative? 4. What is the ace. sing, of masculine nouns with feminine termina- tion? 5. How are the common nouns with feminine termination declined? Conversation. Where is the horse? The horse is in the shed. Have you an uncle? Yes, 1 have an uncle and an aunt. Has the teacher a grand- father? No, he has only a grand- mother. Where are the pictures of the countess? The pictures of the countess are here, but the spoons of the grandmother are there. I have seen a man and a woman there. Is the teacher with you? Has the house a roof? Yes, the house has a roof and a door. Where are the king's birds ? I have seen them in the countess's room. Have you a melon. Yes, I have a melon and a pear. t capaii. ECTB-JIH y Te(5a fla, y MCHS CCTB TCTKa. ECTB- , y Hero TO.IBKO 6a- 6yuiKa. KapTHHH rpa ^epeBHi not long . became an orphan . settled in the village CBoero A^AH. CejiBCKafl atn.SHB cHa^ajia eMy He nonpaBtuiacB. of his uncle Rural life at the beginning him . did please B'B pOAHTeJIBCKOM-B flOMlj OHT> MaCTO npOBO.H.HJI'b BpCMfl Bt . the paternal . . often passed the time tfesA'BHCTBiH H upasflHOCTH; sfl-ECB ate CMJ npniujioct 66:10 inactivity . leisure here . . had to was pa60TaTB H TpJAHTBCfl. Y pO^HTeJieH QEJ> npHBLIK'B Kl to work . to toil . . had become accustomed to pocKoniHOMy ciojiy, a TenepB ^.ojiateHX 6mi r B AOBOJIB- a sumptuous . . now obliged he was to be satis- CTBOBaTBCfl npocToro nHin;eK). B'B ropo^'t OH'B HHor^a fled with simple food . the town . often BecejiHJca co CBOHMH .apysBHMH AO noJiynoMn; B'B .a.epeBH'B made merry with his friends until midnight IIOCJI'B .HHGBHOH pa66Tti eMy naAo6Ho 66jio jiomHTBca-cnaTB after the daily work . . . to go to bed BI onpe^eHHoe BpeMa. fixed Tpy^no 66jio IleTpy npHBtiKaTB K^ TaKoii JKHSHH, HO Difficult . . to accustom himself . such a life OH'B BCKopi noiyBCTBOBajifc ea Btiro^ti. HpeatAe, HO^TH soon he felt its advantages Before almost Bcer^a OH'B ^HJII. 66jieHi, djit^en^ H ^acTO npHHHMaji'B always . . ill pale . . took TenepB OH'B nojiBSOBajiCH xoporaHM'B S^OPOBBCMX : . enjoyed good health 60^^ H cfitatx KaK^ BeceHHaa posa. became sprightly . fresh like spring rose 22 HM. BHH. Tuop. MM. Po*. MT. BHH. Tfiop. ceji 6, the village ce.ia cejy cejo ce.ioM-B o CCJ-B cejia ce'Jit ceja ce'JiaMH o cejiaxi speitta, time BpeMCHH BpeweHH BpeMa Third Lesson. Tpexifi The THIRD DECLENSION of Nouns comprises all nouns with the neuter terminations o, e and ten nouns in Mfl. SINGULAR. Mope, sea Mopa Mopro Mope MopeM'i, o Mopi PLURAL. I n Mopa MOpflMH Note 1. the nom. 2. In collective nouns even when denoting animate objects the accus. is like the nom. in the 1st and 3rd declensions, cia^o flock, nojKi, regiment. 3. If the accent is on the last syllable in sing., it passes over to the first syllable in plural and vice versa, wope, Mopa; CCJTO, cejia. 4. In nouns terminating in ie and me or n,e the rules of Permu- tation given above are to be observed. 5. ctMH has in gen. pi. ctM^Hi instead of C^NCHI, to distinguish it from the Proper Name GeMem,. 6. njaMa is only used in sing. BpCMCHH BpeMena Mopeii " BpeMenaMt BpeMena BpeMenaMH o BpeMenaxi The accus. of all nouns of the third declension is like Verbs with negation. The negative sentence is expressed by means of the negative particles He or H^TX. The accusative following the verb in a negative sentence, is rendered by the geni- tive. Two negatives do not make an affirmative in Russian. SINGULAR. Indicative present. PLURAL, y MCHfl H-BTI, I have not y xe6a H-ETI, thou hast not y Hero, nea, Hero niix, he, she, it has not SINGULAR. Interrogative. Hiri, JH y M6HH, have I not? Te6a, hast thou not? Hero, nea, Hero, has he, she, it not? naci, HijTL, we have not Htrt, you have not HirB, they have not. PLURAL. JIH y HacT>, have we not? sac?., have you not? HHX-L, have they not? affair, flijro Africa,, A(|>pHKa Asia, Asia beer, nneo building, a^ame, cipoeirie burden, 6pen butter, wacjio characters, nHCLMena crown of the head, family, cejiefiCTBO field, nojie flame, njiajia give, sing., saw give, pi., flaHie ill luck, nec'iaci-ie, I know nothing, a HHICFO ee searo luck, ciaciie, y^a meat, aiaco medicine, jieitapCTBO mirror, a name, HMH poetic work, riches, 6oraicTBO seed, dbia shoulder, paMeiia speaks, TOBOPHTL standard, SHana stirrup, cipeMfl in the time, BO B tree, tribe, udder, window, OKHO wine, BHHO word, CJIOBO work, Exercise No. 3. 1. Decline in the singular and plural: ciacTie luck, M^CO -meat, CJIOBO word, 6peaui burden ; and after- wards translate. The affairs, of the affairs, the families, of the families, the field, of the field, the .fields, of the flames, of the seeds, with the wine, the mirrors, of the stir- rups, of the tribes, to the tribes, about the tribes, the trees, of the trees. He has not. I have not. have I not? has she not? have they not ? they have not. she has not. it has not. have you not? 2. SI BH.u.'fcji'B sepKaJio 6a6yraKH. Hirs JIH y saci MJica? ,HaH cjryrt nana. Y naci. BpeMena wkTL. Fflfc ceMeiicTBO njtOTHHKa? ECTB JIH y nero CTpeMa? ^afi AWE xjrf>6a ci> BHHOMi. BLI roBopHxe o SHaneHaxt nenpiaTCJiefi, a a roBopro o CTpeMCHax^ jioma.nei'i. Macjio ne HJIO^. Bi 3TOMI) s^anin a BH.H'BJI'L Opaxa rpat{)HHH. She has no time. I saw the aunt's medicine. I am speaking about the buildings of the king. They have no affairs. The uncle is talking with the warrior about the tribes in Africa. Where is the joiner's family? The joiner's family is in the country. He has no bread. Give him the beer. I don't know where it is. Questions on Grammar. 1. What is the accus. sing, of IJOJKX? 2. What is the accus. sing, of cia^o? 3. What is the prepositional sing, of cnaciie? 4. What is the genitive plural of the word dJMfl? 5. By what case is the accusat. of the object in a negative sen- tence translated? 6. How are negative sentences rendered in Russian? 7. Do two negatives in Russian form an affirmative as in English? 8. Why is the dat. sing, of yiHJinme yiHjmmy and not Whither does the uncle with the stirrup? He goes into the shed. To whom do these structures belong? These structures belong to the officers of the king. Have you the beer? We have neither the beer nor the bread. Whither does he go? He goes to school. But where are his books? The teacher has his books. Has the teacher time? The teacher has no time, but the servant has. What are you reading? I am reading the poetic works of the teacher. Where is the countess's work on Asia? I know nothing about the work of the countess. Conversation. go OHT. Kony (these) 3,H,aHia. co CTpe*- B'B capafi. Kopoju JIH HHBO? HH HHBa HH xjri6a. A r.a.'B ero Ero KHHTH y ECTB m speMfl y y yqHTCJia BpeMCHH HO y c-iyrrf CCTL TR ^HTaeniB? CTHXOTBOpeHifl co^HHeme rpa$HHH Asia? HHiero ne snaro o co- 25 Heading Exercise No. 3. X H CMCpTL. The woodcutter . death. HCCI. H3-B jrkcy TajKejiyK) BasaeKy jjpOB'B. An old man was carrying from the forest a heavy -load of wood 6n.ni> o^eHB cjxa6i H ci TpyaoM-B nepe.pHraji'B Horn. very weak . . difficulty moved the feet HaKoneiVB OHI TaE^ ycTajii. HTO npHHyjK 1 a,eH r & In the end . so became tired that ohligcd c6pocnTB 6peMfl cfc mieTB, H CTajn. yMOJiait to throw off . from (his) shoulders . began to implore CJKajiHTBca na^i. EHM-B H H36aBHTL ero OTI. TaKofi TarocTHofi to have pity on him . to deliver . from . burdensome JKH3HH. Ho e,fl,Ba OHfc BHCKasajii, CBOK) acajio6y, KaKt scarcely . uttered his complaint when CMepTL Bl CaMOM'B ,3,*^ ^EHJiaCB npe^l* flKMl. H CDpO- in fact . appeared before . . CHia ero iero OHI, OTI, nea atejiaexi,? asked what . . her wished ,,H TOJILKO XOTBJTB* 4 , OTBiiiajIT, HCnyraHHLIH ^pOBOciKX, I only wanted replied the frightened ,,Tro6 r B TM 6ujia TaK^ r a,o6pa H nonooa iini no^naTL na that . . . good . help me to lift . njieiH MOID Homy". KajK^ufi qejioBiKi), KaKi> 611 roptna load Every man how so bitter HH 6u.na ero atH3HB, CTpamHTCH npH6jrH3KeHi,a ever ... is afraid of the approach II. GrapHKfc caatajii a6jioEH, Eiiy cKasaiH: . was planting apple-trees . . what for Te61> 3TH a6jioHH? ,11,6 ji ro at^aTB ci STHXI. JI^JIOHB njio^,a, (do you want) . longtime . from these . fruit H TH He cx'EiiiB CT. HHXX a6jio^Ka. CiapHKT. CKasajit: a will eat .a small apple . . ne CI/EM'B, .npyrie c^AaTi), MH-B cnacii6o cKaatyT'B. shall eat others (they) will eat to me, thanks (they) will say 26 Fourth Lesson. leTBepTBift ypoKi. Eemarks on the DECLENSION of Masculine Nouns. I. In most ,of the words terminating in the nomin. sing. in OK-L, em,, en;^, OJii,, ejit (OJIB, ejB), out, CHL. opt, epi> (OPB), OTB, the vowels o and e do not belong to the root but are inserted for the sake of euphony. They are consequently omitted in the declension, as: oxen^t, OTii,a, OTUJ &c. In the same manner are declined: Eyneivfc merchant, ^CHB day, necx dog; and many others. When o or e are preceded by two or more consonants they are not elided as: HrpoKTo the player (nrpoKa); Kys- HeuTB blacksmith (EysHeu/i). The o is likewise preserved in ypoKT* lesson , snaTOKx connoisseur, CE^OKX pas- senger, KOJIOKOJIX bell, sanop'B bolt, which are in the genii: ypoica, snaTOKa, ci^oKa, KOJioKOJia, sanopa. II. eirB and en.x preceded by a vowel change the e in the oblique cases into ft: 6oeivB fighter 6ofm,a. In the same way are declined: 3afliy& hare, naeM'B rent, sae'Mi loan, yeiit cessation which form: safii^a, nairna, safina, III. ent preceded by j, H, p, c and en,i, preceded by ji change the e in the oblique cases into B as iiajieuT,- finger najii)ii;a; xope'KT> j)olecat xoptKa. The same rule is followed by: JICBX lion, Jie^t ice, JiemB flax, HJieai'L elm-tree and eight words terminating in efi : BO- po6eii sparrow, 3Kepe6efi lot, Mypauefi ant, peneu knot of ribbon; bur, burdock, pyqefi brook, CO-IOBCI! nightingale, yjiefi beehive, Hiipefi a boil. Auxiliary verbs to be and to have. SINGULAR. Past tense. PLURAL. JI GHJII, 6njia, JIG, I was TH thou wast OH%, OHa, OHO 6HJIT), Jia, JIG, he, she, it was y Jieua 6HJH>, Jia, JTO, I had Te6a thou hadst Hero, Hea, Her6 CHJII, .ia, jio, he, she, it had MH 6ajiH, we were HH you were OHH (OH^), OHH 6HJIH, they wero y nact 6HJIT., Jia, Jio, we had you had they had ambassador, noc6n castle, sauoK'b corner, yrojit does, fliuraeit dog, nect, cof&Ka eagle, ope.ii. father, oxen/B forehead, Jio6t hatchet, ronopi. isthmus, nepeiiieeKi letter, IIHCBMO lives, JKH Bert lock, merchant, . v , mount, hill, XO-IMI mouth, poi-b on, na possessor, rt ~ psalm, ncajioMi the pupil, ygeHHK reads, is reading, ridge, xpe6er& sleep, COHT> writes, is writing, naineTt Exercise No. 4. 1. Decline in the singular and plural: xopeni, , na.ien.'B, HJCM'B, BopoOefi, ypOKx, and afterwards trans- late: Of the father, to the father, the fathers (ace.), of the ambassador, the ambassadors, the eagle (ace.), of the eagle, to the dog, the dogs (ace.), the days, of the days, of the passenger, the passenger (ace.), the passengers, of the fighter, about the fighter, of the hare, to the hares, about the loan, about the rent, of the finger, with the fingers, with the bolt, with the flax , of the flax, of the sparrow, to the sparrows. Was I ? she was, it was, I had, you had, she is, she had, they were, you were, we had, he had, have I? had I? had she? 2. Bopo6Lii na Kpuint H366 mw. T%b ncii? Den na MM roBopHMi ex OTU.OM'B o seaTOKi. Bmnb JIH y Te6a Tonopi>? Hta,, y Meea TOJTBKO saMOKx, a Tonopi. y Kys- Hen,a. F^-B COJIOBCH? MH Enufrjia. COJIOBBH Ha HJIBM^. Mu o MypaBBaxx, a Kyneu.'B roBopHT-B o safiMi. BH- JIH BM (have you seen?) C'B^OKa? H-BT-B, MEI BH^JIH 6ofiu,a. Are the dogs here? The teacher is the brother of the locksmith. The player is the father of the merchant. Did you see the ambassador? No, we only saw the fighter and the dogs. Have you a bell? We are speakiog about the lion. Have you seen the brook? The nightingale is on the elm-tree. The pupil is in the corner. 38 Questions on Grammar. 1. Why are the letters o or c in words terminating in the nom. sing, in OKI,, CK-L, oat and others, omitted in the other cases? 2. When are the letters o or e not elided in the genit. and the other cases ? 3. What is the difference between SEMORI and aaMom.? 4. When is the e of the terminations CKT, and en,* changed into t in the other cases? 5. Name a few words not terminating in CK-B and en,t that follow the same rule? 6. Name a few words in OKI, which retain the o in genit. sing, and the other cases, although this letter is preceded hy only one consonant? 7. How is the past tense of the auxiliary verb to have rendered in Russian? Conversation. i Had you not the nightingales? No, I had only the sparrows. But where are the sparrows at present? The merchant has the spar- rows now. Where is the teacher's father? The teacher's father is now in the ambassador's room. What is he doing there? He is reading psalms with the grandmother, [doing? And what is the countess The countess is writing a letter to a certain connois- seur. Where is the pupil at present? He is playing with the bell on the ridge of the mount. Who is living in this castle? I don't know who is living in the castle, but I think the owner is the ambassador. Have you seen the lion? No, we have seen only the polecats and the hares. He 6ujiH .ra y sac^ CO.IOBMI ? H-BT'B, y MCHrf 6&J1VL TOJIbKO Bopo6i>H? Tenepi, y Kynn,a. (K-B OTCU/B TenepB noc.ua OHI TaMT, OH'B TaM^ HHTaer& ex 6a6yuiKOH. A rpa(|)HHa ITO rpa<|)HHJi o^HOMy to a certain) 3Ha- TOKJ. TenepB yieHHifB? nrpaeT'B CT> KOJIOKOJOMI na xpe6 r ri xojiMa. KTO SKHBe'TTb BT> 3TOM r B SaMK'fc? R He SHaro KTO atHBe'T^ BI 9TOM1> BaMKii, HO MH't Ka- 3K6Tca, ITO HOCO.!!.. BEI MH xopBKOB'B H TOJTBKO 29 Reading Exercise No. 4. fiixept H coJiHn;e. The wind . the sun cojiHU,e H cep^HTHH ciBepnufl Bfoep-B Once . . the angry north . arranged TOMX, KTO H3I HHXl CHJIBHie. ^OJirO CHOpHJIH a contest ..... stronger . disputed OHH H, HaKOHeil.'B, pifflHJIHCB HOMEpaTBCa CHJIEMH decided to measure their strength nyTemecTBeHBHKOM'B, KOTOPLIH B$ BTO canoe BpeMa traveller who . this very same . travelled BepxoMt no 6ojiLin6fi ^opor-B. ,,IIocMOTpH" CKaaajra fiixepi., on horseback on the highway Look a najie^y na nero, TaK^ MnroMt copsy CT Hero . in a twinkling I'll tear off . ." CKasajri H naqajit AyT& HBO BciiXT, CHJIX. Ho the greatcoat . . began to blow with all 66jrfce &yjn> BtTep^, T-BM-B Kptnqe saKyTUBajrca more blew . the stronger muffled himself I CBOH njiam.'B: OH^ Bop^iajri, na BC- . . . grumbled . the noro'Ay> HO ixaj[i Bee ^.ajiBine H .najiBHie. Biiepx cep,n,HJica, bad weather . . . farther . . . was angry CBHpiiirki'B, ocEinajTB 6i,ii,Haro nyTHHKa ^oac^eM'B H cniroMx; grew furious ... with rain . snow npoKJiHHaa siiTep'B, nyTemecTBCBHHK'B Ha^i^'B njiain/B B^ cursing . . put on pyKasa H no^sasajica noacoM'B. TyTt yate Bixepi) H the sleeves . girded himself with the girdle Here already y6iAHJica, ITO njrani,a esiy He copsaTB. CojiBii.e, BH convinced himself . . for him it would be impossible to tear off . seeing 6e3CHJiie cBoero conepHHKa, yjbM6ByjiocB, B^rjiasyjio H3T>- the feebleness . . smiled looked out from sa o6jraKOB'B, o6orptjio, ocymnjio seMjiro, a BMtoli ci behind the clouds warmed dried up the ground . together with H AHaro nojiysaMepsmaro it . half frozen so Fifth Lesson. Remarks on the DECLENSION of Masculine Nouns, (Continued.) IV. Many masculine nouns signifying divisible matter when placed after words denoting weight or measure or conveying the idea of quantity, take in the genitive ' sing. the termination y, ro, instead of a, a, as ^JETT* caxapy a pound of sugar; CTaon^ ^aro (a glass of tea), Maio napo^y few people. (*) V. Many nouns, especially those referring to place or time, take in the prepositional case singular after the pre- positions BX in and Ha on the terminations y or ro instead of *. The accent is then on the final syllable, as: fit roAy in the year, B paro in Paradise. (**) In Plural. VI. Nouns designating the rank or origin of persons and terminating in the nom. sing, in ainmx, ;nunrj> omit the HHi>inthe plural and form the pi. nom.: ane, ane, gen.: an^flHi, dat: aHaurt, flnaarL. AnrjiH^anHHi) pi.: aHrjm- qane, aHrjumaHi,, aHniHiaHaMi. The sing, is regular. Nouns in HHt also omit the HEX in pi. but take either e or as: 6ojirapHH f B the Bulgarian, 6o;irape or dojirapn; the Tartar, Taiapu or TaTape.(f) Auxiliary verbs to be and to have. Future. si 6yij I shall be TH 6y,neini> thou wilt be OHX, oHa, OHO 6yAex'b, he, she, it will be MH 6yfleMt, we shall be BH GyAeie, you will be OBH, oei 6y^yrL, they will be y Mena dysex-B (6y^yTi,), I shall have yxe6a y nerd, ne Hac) or 31 bank (of a river), 6epen I life, IKHSHB box, case, MMK-B mouth, port ctzen, court-yard, cup, eye, floo oor, no.ii, forest, in a foreign land, B-B lyjROMi freeman, garden, glass, lawn, nobleman, they occupy, peasant, piece, pipe, regiment, HOJIKT. side, to smoke tobacco, KypHTB xa6aK-B soon, cKOpo still, eme sugar, caxapi Exercise No. 5. 1. Decline in the singular and plural: KycoK'B, M'Ein.aBHH'B, BojurapuH-B, and translate afterwards: A pound of tea, a piece of bread, a pound of tobacco, in the forest, on the lawn, in the mouth, of the mouth, - on the parquet, in the regiment, in the garden, in Paradise. We shall have, shall we have? will you have? he will be, it will be, I shall have, it will have, they will be, will they have? will she have? you will be, you will have. 2. JI,BOpane sanHMaroxi. jiy B^ jrfccy Kopojia CTB .HBOpaeaMH. Ha 6epery JI,afi KpecTLaaHHy qauiKy qaro H Tpy6Ky Ta6aKy. BT. qy3KOMT> Kpaib HenpiaTHa. Miinaae H Kynn;a. BOT^ Bant (J>yHTi> caxapy. I have seen the peasants on the bank of the river. We have been in the wood with the citizen. The black- smith is in the court-yard. The son of the player is now in the regiment. Give me a piece of sugar. Where are the freemen? They are in the garden with the Englishmen. (*) best. Questions on Grammar, 1. When is the termination of the gen. sing, y or H) instead of a or a? 2. What is the termination of the prepositional singular? 3. When does the prepositional take the termination y or ? 4. Name a few words that have y or ro in the genitive case sing. 5. What is the difference between the plural termination of nouns ending in :iiiiini> in the nom. sing, and of those ending in 6. Translate: In this year. 7. Name a few words that have y or in the prepositional sing. Conversation. Have you seen the ambas- sador of the Bulgarians? Yes, we have seen the am- bassador with the noble- men in the Englishman's garden Have you not a pound of tea? No, 1 have only a piece of sugar. Where is the teacher's sister now? She is at the ball with the uncle of the Boyar. And where is his brother? His brother is in a foreign land. What is he doing there? I don't know; he never writes. JIH BH nocja 60 Ji- rapx? ,H,a, MII nocjia ci, JIH y sac^ tj>yHTa , y Meim TOJIBKO CCTB KycoK-B caxapy. r^-fe TenepL cecxpa Ona na 6ajiy O 'o- Kpalo. A r.n.'B ero EpaTi ero BX ont TaM-L ne snaK); OHX HHKor^a ne rolled up Reading Exercise No. 5. Continuation. TenjiOTy cojiHe^Hnxx jiyieH, OH:B 060- Feeling the warmth of the sun rays djiarocjioBHjrB cojiHii,e, caMt CHajn> CBOH njrain.-L, . took off ci^jiy. ,,BH^HfflL JIH", . . the saddle Do you see? Kpomoe c6jmn;e cep,a,HTOMy sfopy: ,,JIacKOH the mild . to the angry . With caress MOSKHO c^BJiaTb ropas^o 66jiBnie, ^4nt rfliBOMi,." ness it is possible to do much more than with wraht blessed ero H npHBflsa.i'B tied it The pearls satfjyjioca BE nec^anofi 6e3BO,n;Hofi CTCHH. A traveller lost himself . a sandy waterless desert OHI> 6ii.3 r B OHCHB ro.nofleH'B H yacacHaa jKa3K.ua MyiHJia ero. , hungry . a terrible thirst tortured HaKonen/B, OH'B npnmej'B EX T^HHCTOMy naJiBMOBOny flepesy a shady palm tree H CBiateMy HCToiHHKy. II6,3;jrE HCTOiHHKa jieacaji'B na- . spring Near . lay a jeHBKin Mimo^eKt. ,,CjiaBa Bory", CKasajit cxpaHHHK'B, small sack Thank God noAHHMas ero: ,,3TO ^.ojiatHo 6iiTL (JJHHHKH, KOTopae MGH^ taking up * . must . dates . me cnacya"B OT/B roJio^HOHCMepTH!" OHX OTKP^JI'B ci aca^HOCTLH) will save - hunger . , opened . aridity Mi>m6ieK r & H BCKpnqajii BI Hcnyrij: wAx^, Boace, STO exclaimed . a fright ah, o God jKeMiyri!" Bi^Hfiifi nejioBiKX ^nep^ 611 ci rojio^y no^Ji-B died would have ateMiyra, KOTOPHH CTOHJI^ HicKOJiLKo THCJI^I> py6jiefi; HO . was worth several thousands of roubles noMOjrajiCfl ycep.a.HO Bory H B^pyrB npiixaji'B KI prayed fervently . , suddenly . . na Bep6jnb,a 1 'B nerp'B, cmajiHJica na^t HecnacT- . .a camel negro had pity . the un- HHMI, CTpaHHHKOMX, ^aJII. 61iy XJI'B6a H HJO^OB'B, H HOCa.ZI.H.I'B fortunate . gave . bread . fruits . placed him ero Kfc 0664 na Bep6jK),u 1 a. ,,Boii KaKi npeMy^po Borx .... . . very wisely Bee ycTpaHBaeT'B", CKasaJi nerpi: ,,noTepio atennyra a everything disposes . . the loss . . ciHTaji 6ojiBmHM'B Hec^acTieM'B; HO BTO 66jro TOJBKO - considered a great misfortune ... ciacxie. Bon ^onycTiijii axy noTepro ex TOK) ii.'ijiBH), allowed . , . that object a cro;i,a npiixajii H cnaci Te6t that . hither . . saved . 2 Sixth Lesson. mecToft Bernards on the DECLENSION of Masc. Nouns, Continuation. VII. Nouns terminating in the nom. sing, in CHOKI and designating children or young animals change this ter- mination in the plural into axa, axa; as Bo.oenoK'B wolfs cub, pi.: BOJiiaTa, BOJUja/rL, BOJiiaTaMt ] ; peoenoK'L 2 the child, pi.: pe6aia, peOjiT'B, peforraM'B. B-EceHOKt the little devil has in pi. 6tceHaTa, 6tceHflT-B. Note 1. jiLBeHOKi. a lion's whelp, MumeiiOKi a little mouse, a young dog, form, however, in pi. JILBUHKH, MHiuenKH and Note 2. Pe6flra is generally used when addressing subordinates soldiers, workmen &c. VIII. Many nouns have in the plural an accented a in- stead of H; as: 6epero> the shore; doKx the side; re- coct voice; report town; noBap'L cook; mas!. eye and others. IX. Words ending in the nom. sing, in JKT., q%, m-B, ni.'L take in the gen. pi. eft instead of OBX; as: HOSK^ knife, H03KH, Hoateii. X. In many nouns terminating in T in the nom. sing, the gen. pi. is like the nom. sing.; i. e. it has i> instead of Such are: rjiast eye (rjiasa, iMast) grenadier; Aparyni. dragoon; Ka^eTi> cadet; soldier; TypoKt Turk; canori boot; stocking; BOJIOC^ hair (gen.pl. BOJIOCI,) and the following, when preceded by a cardinal number from 5 onwards: apniHHt arsheen; pas^B time, once; caacenx fathom (gen. pi. caaceHt); HejiosiKx man. Regular Verb. 1st conjugation. JKCJIUTL, to wish. a xejiaro, I wish TH ateiaemt, thou wishest OH r L, oaa, ouo zejaeri,, he, she, it wishes MH jKejraeMx, we wish BH aiejiaexe, you wish OHH, OH'lj ateJiaiQTt, they wish to answer, to ask, cnpauiHuaTb ycang ass, ocj the bear's cub, the calf, the chicken, the foal, how, Kant the husband, the husbandman, the key, the kitten, the knife, the lamb, to listen, the sucking pig, to read, to relate, Turkey, Typuia to work, pa66xaTt Exercise No. 6. 1. Decline in the singular and plural: 6-feceHOKi, 3Kepe6eHOK%, JiLBCHOEfc, coj^aTX and afterwards translate: The children, of the children, to the lambs, the lambs (ace.), of the lambs, about the sucking pigs, of the sucking pigs, to the little devils, the little devils, to the kittens, of the kittens, of the soldiers, of the cadets, of the stockings, of the stocking, of the boots, to the little mice, to the chickens, of the chickens, of the lion's whelps, the lion's whelps, about the wolf's cubs. Do you wish ? he wishes, it wishes, I am working she is reading, we are reading, we are telling, are you listening ? she is listening, we are asking, she asks, he replies, she wishes, we are working, they are reading, are we reading? she is working. 2. MH qnTaeMt o Kopa6iax p & aHTjra i iaHt. BH pa66- Taeie B^ ca,n,y. MH BH^JIH 6epera Mopefi H ropo^a TypOK^. Ko'nl'ra Bt ca^y, JirHaia na Asopi, a MeABijKaTa BT> jiicy. Bora Ban r L napa canor%. ToBOpnTe JIH BH o acepe6aTax r B Hirs, MH qirraeirB o TejurraxTb noce.uiH'B H o ' pa6oTaDTi> iioBapa? The husbandmen are in the wood. Have you seen the nightingale? Give the soldiers a cup of tea. How many keys have you? The chickens] are in the garden. The sucking pigs are in the shed. We are listening how the cadet relates about the castles of the Turks. The cadets are reading but the grenadiers are working. Questions on Grammar. 1. What is the nom. pi. of nosapi? 2. Name a few words that have axa in the nom. pi. 3. Which words in t form the gen. pi. in eii instead of out? 4. Conjugate the verb lyMaiB - to think. 5. What is the nom. pi. of menoKi? 6. Name a few words that have the gen. pi. like the nom. sing. 7. What is the difference between BOJOCI and BOJIOCI,? 8. What is the difference between cajaeHL and caatem? Conversation. How many times have you been in Turkey? I have never yet been in Turkey. Where have you been? I have been in the dragoon regiment. [there? With whom are you talking I am talking with the soldiers. What are they asking? They are asking where their foals are. I believe that their foals are in the wood. Who is there in the room? The countess is there. What is she doing? She is telling the cadet about the lambs and the kittens. Is he listening? Yes, he is listening very attentively. CKOJIBKO past BH 66jra BI TypuiH? fl ein,e HHKor^a He diuix B-B TypuiH. ace BH 6HJIH? Cl> KiiM'B BH TaiTB rOBOpHTC? H roBopro CTE coji^axaMH. *ITO OHH cnpdraHBajOTi ? OHH cnpaniHBaroTX, Mei, Kaatexca, ^TO HX^ atepe- 6 KTO TaMX B'B ona Ona o arHaTaxt H o CjiyuiaeTX JIH ^a, ont cjiyiuaeT'B Beading Exercise No. 6. H ill CTBa oTAaMt Tony, KTO nena kingdom I will give to him who . BCi MVApen.H H ciajiH cy,n;HTB all the wise men . began to judge the shirt ,,nojTOBHHy ^ap- half of the Tor,a,a co6pajnicB will cure . assembled ijaprf EHJI^HHTB. HHKTO HC snajre. O^HHX TOJBKO iiy.npe'n.'B CKas&ii, HTO naprf only . ... MOJKHO BHJlijIHTB. Ofll CKasllfc: ,,cJTH HaHTH C^aCTJUHBarO . if one could find a happy HeJOBiKa, CHOTB ex Hero pyCmniKy H Ha^iTL na napa, . r .to put on n,apB B63 1 a;opoB r EeT'B." IJapB H nocjiajii, HCKa/rB no CBoeny will recover . . sent to search over his napCTBy ciacTjiHBaro HeJOBtKa; HO nocji6 n,ap^ ^o IJIH no ero i^apCTBy H He Morjra naniH . they could Baro qejiOBiKa. He 6mio HH o,u,Hor6 Tanoro, There was not . . . with everything BOJICHX. KTO 6ora,Ti .n.^ XBOpaeTi>; KTO s^oposi content . rich . . . healthy ; KTO H s.n.opoB'B H 601^X1,, ,na mena ne xopoina; is poor . . . ... good a y Koro ^TH He xoponra; Bet na HTO-Hn6y,a;B ,a;a ata- . . . the children . . . something . they jyroTca. OAHH'B pas^ H,n,eTfc nos^HO BeqepOM'B ^apCKiH complain Once goes late in the evening the royal CHH1, MHMO H36yfflKH, H CJIUHIHO CMy KTO -TO TOBOpHTl: son past a little hut . it is audible somebody , cjiasa Bory, Hapa6oTajicfl, HaiJica H cnaTt Jiary; . I have worked enough I have eaten enough to sleep I shall lie down ein,e Hyatno?" U,apcKin CLIHI. o6pa^OBajiCH, . is wanted . . was glad Tb 3Toro ^ejioB-BKa pydamKy, a eny ,a;aTB ordered ... . .... sa 3TO .neHer^, CKOJIBKO OHTB saxoieTx. nocjaHHHe HPHIHJIH for it money as much . will wish for . came Ki ciacTJiHBOMy ^ejiosiKy H XOT^JIH ex Hero CHHTB wanted py6auiKy; HO ciacTJiHBHH 6nji TaKi> 6i^eHi, ITO na ne'Mi him He 6mio H pydauiKH. 38 Seventh Lesson. Ce^moft ypoici. Remarks on the Declension of Masc. Nouns. Continuation. XL Many nouns in % form the pi. in La, Leufc (en), fc. Such are: brother, 6paTt 6*p&TBa, chair, ciyn ciyjita, prince, KB3L KH^HLH, en, friend, apyrx apysba, CM, Bant branch, cyKi cyiBa, cyHtesi, tuft, lOCk, lUOIfL KJOIBa, BCBX, pod, husk, shell, cipyifB cipy^Ba, BCBI, bridle, rein, DOBOAT. iiOBo^ta, BCBX, brother-in-law, husband's brother, aeuepB ^esepBa, BCB-B, cabbage-head, Koiam Ko^aHBa, BCBI,, Note. K and r are changed in the above words into i and 3. XII. The following words have many irregularities in the plural. SOU, CHHT, CHHOBBH, e"f, L^Mt godfather, KyM-B KyMOBba, eft, B^M-B neighbour, COC-BJI coci^H, coci^eff, coctoni, devil, iopTi nepiH, Hepieir, HepxaMx slave, xoj[6irB XOIOHH (also xojionta), xojioneH, sir, master, rocnoAHHi rocnoAa, rocno^'B, boyar, 6oapHH'B 6oape (also 6oapa), brother-in-law, wife's brother, mypBa, BCBI, master of the house, xosaHH-B xosaesa, XOSHCB-B, gentleman, CapHHt 6ape (6apa), 6ap'B, 6apaMi Note. The student will observe the distinction between the following Russian words. mypHHT>, brother-in-law, wife's brother , brother-in-law, sister's husband, also son-in-law , brother-in-law, husband's brother. Verb. SINGULAR. Past tense. PLURAL. 1. a asejaj'B, ja, ao, I wished I MH aeja^H, we wished 2. TH thouwishedst BH you 3. OHI, ona, OHO aejiajit, Jia, JIG, | OHH, OH'i aejiajiH, they wished he, she, it wished \ to await, to become, fl' cloak, njiam-L to command, heart, cepAH,e how many, CKOJIBKO hut, niajiami if, ecjH to know, 3Haxi my, MOM our, Hamt it pleases, yro^eo quickly, cKopo sultan, cyjTaH'L to have a talk, noroiopHT* their, HXI to-day, to-morrow, to walk, XOAHTB whence, OTKy.ua your, sanii Exercise No. 7. 1. Decline in the singular and plural: CVKI., , Corfpirax, xosaHiTB and translate afterwards: Of the godfathers, to the devils, to the sons, of the boyars, to the godfathers, about the neighbours, of the gipsies, the gipsies, of the princes, of the gentlemen, to the wife's brothers, with the neighbours, the godfathers (ace.), the chairs, of the chairs, with the chairs, the brothers, the brothers (ace.), -to the princes, to the friends, of the friends. 2. Coci^H npoBOJKaK)T r B l noKOHHHKa 2 . KTO 6paTLCBi, xosjhma? Hanra Ryan, coci^ Keasa. pa6x 3 flBVM'B rocnoflaMi He cjiyazirrBV Xosaefia BI CTOJuiii.i. CKOJILKO ^pyaefl y sacx ? y KHasen MHOFO Apyaeii. KyMOBta atejiaroxt noroBOpHTL ci coci^OMi.. Hamt niypHH'B ajHB6Ti> (lives) 6apHHOM-L (like a nobleman). CKOJILKO CTyjn,eBT> BTB KOMnaTi xosanHa? ^TO Bauii How many brothers have you? Have you seen the boyars? I have only seen the brothers of the prince and the sons of the king. My wife's brother is reading in the garden. How many chairs have you? Where are the gentlemen? They have not been here to-day. How many slaves has the sultan? My sister's husband is a dentist. My neighbour is the son of a boyar. I shall wait for you (transl. ace.) at my wife's brother's house (transl. in the house of my (MOCFO) wife's &c.). 1 accompany. 2 dead man. 8 slave* 4 he serves. 4C Questions on Grammar. 1. What is the termination of the 3rd person sing, present tense of the regular verb? 2. What is the termination of the fern, past tense? 3. What is the termination of the 2nd person pi. present tense? 4. What is the termination of the pi. past tense? 5. What is the nom. pi. of 6apHHT>? 6. What is the nom. pi. of u.Hrairi? 7. Does xosanH-L form the plural like the other nouns in HH-B that have HC in the nom. pi? Conversation. How are you, my friend? I thank you, I am well, thank God. Where do you come from? I have been with the sons of the neighbour. And where is your friend coming from? He is coming from town. Whither are you going? We are going to the proprietor, to have a talk with him about the neighbours. I wish to have a talk with you. W 7 ho is your godfather? He is a brother of the princes. Is he here? No, we expect him to-day. KaifB no jKHBaeTe, flpyrx MOH ? Bjiaro^apib BacTb, a, cjiasa Eory, SAOpOB-B. OiKyjifa BH H^exe? JI dajix y CHHOBCH cod^a. HSX BH OHI, Ky,u,a Ma H.ne'M'B K^ xosanny no- rOBOpHTL Ci EHMi CO- BaMH. KTO Bann, OHI, 6paT H oni>? MH ero Reading Exercise No. 7. BxopoH, Kyp Ky3Hen;#. Kor,a;a TOT^ npHnec-L no^KOBy, village . a black smith . . brought Tr66H noflKOBaTB Jioma^L, TO Kyp^npCTt saxoTiijrB npea^e to shoe . . . wanted nonp66oBaTB, .HOBOJIBHO JIH Kp-fenKo ona c^vi-iana. OH-B to try sufficiently . strong . was made Bsaji'B ee o6 r EHMH pyKaMH H nepejiOMHJi'B, KaKi MOpKOBt. took it with both . . broke in two like a carrot ,$Ta no^KOBa HHKy;i,a He roflirrca", CKasajii OHI, . . nowhere no is of service (1) . KOTOpHH BCJTE.H'B 3a T-BMl. npHHe'CX HiCKOJIBKO Ho Kyp neatly a dollar . . ... bent between n,aMH. 810^ Tajiepi He ro^HTca, Banie BHCO^CCTBO", . ... Your Highness CKasajii. Ky3Heii;i .jOH^ rHe'Tca Meac^y najrtn.aMH". ,,TaKi bends . . Then BOT'B jryiwp'B", cKaaa^'B Kyp^HpcxTb, ,,$TOT I I> yat'B ^OJUKCH-B here is . . . already must CHTB xopomi.". Kysneii.'B ocTajica .njOBOJieH^; a Haraejit qe^oBiKa, paBnaro ce6-6 no CHJI-B. . . . equal . in . (1) is good foor nothing. 2* 42 Eighth Lesson. OcLMoft Continuation. FOCTTOJI;!,, the Lord', XPHCTOC'B, Christ', nyTL, the way are declined in the following manner. HM. FocnojB XPHCTOC-B nyiB Poj. Focnofla Xpncra nym ' j^ai. r6cnojy XpuCTy nyiH BHH. r<5cnoaa Xpucxa nyrt Tiop. rocnojoiiii XPHCTOITB nyieux Ilpe*. o FocnoAt o Xpncii o nyiH , XPHCTOCI. have also in the Vocative: XpncTe! Incyc'B, Bort, CHHI., n,apB, Bjiaj^iiKa have also in Vocative: Incyce! BOJKC! CtiHe! I],apK)! Regular Verb. Future tense. a 6y^y atejaii, I shall wish TH 6yflem& ateiaiB, thou wilt wish' OHI, OHO, OHO Cy^eT-L atejiaTL, he,. she, it will wish MH 6yfleM-L atejraTL, we shall wish BH 6y^eie atejait, you will wish OHH, OH-6 6y^yTt atejiaiB, they will wish Auxiliary Verb. SINGULAR. Imperative. PLURAL. 2. 6yiB, be 3. nycTb OHI, a, o Gyjert, let him, her, it be 1. 6yaeM-B, let us be 2. 6yabTe, be ye [them be 3. nyciB OHH, oni 6y^yT-B, let Participle Present. cymifi, aa, ee being, that is. Participle Past. 6HBmiH, aa, ee been, that was. Participle Future. 6yjymift, aa, ee that shall be. Gerund Present. being, in being. Gerund Past. having been. beginning, to create, COTBOPHTB enemy, span, evening, se^ept to esteem, to honour, eternally, German, n heaven, He6b home, at home, to chatter, talk idly, 6ojnaT& Italian, late, light, world, long, fl6irp morning, yrpo neighbour, often, to pass, to play, Hrpa/n, pleasure, in Russian, no-pyccKH singer, irfeBeni'L tailor, nopTHoft time (long ago), to understand, noHHiiaxi yesterday, nep& Exercise No. 8. 1. Conjugate the following verbs: nrpaTt, tfojrraTB, >, nepe r E33Ka/n> and translate afterwards: God save the king. Lord have pity on me. Our father in heaven, give us our daily bread. I wish you a pleasant (t) journey (transl. c. gen.). 2. 3naeTe JIH BH 6paTa Hamero nosapa? KaK'B IIOJKH- saeTB Bani'B OIQU,T>? ^ yBaataio c i B ( n6e(**) BOJIOCH cxapija. MH o'y.neM'B oatn^aTt Te6a. Bi na^aji'B coTBOpHJit Bori HGOO H seMjiro. H CK'as&ra Bori,: ^a Oy.u.eT'B CB-BTX; H CTaji-L CB-BTT). H 6iMi Beiep^, H 66jio ^Tpo. Boffie, TH eca, TBI GLIJIX, H 6y^eniB BiiHO. MBI ne snaeMT. r^t OHI. 6uAi> Biepa. Hani'B coci^i .noaia. XpncTiane BipyioTi (believe) BO XpncTa. Focno^H noMHjryfi (have mercy). When did God create the world? Where will your father and mother be to - morrow? How late were you reading yesterday? I wish to see you very often. What is your tailor asking? We are waiting for the singer. My tailor often talks idly. The singer speaks German, but he also understands Italian. Yesterday I had the pleasure of speaking (transl. inf.) Russian with the friend of my brother. Will you be at home in the evening (transl. in- strumental case)? O of our. () grey, (f) 44 Questions on Grammar. 1. How is the Gerund. Present formed? 2. How is the Future tense of the regular verb formed? 3. What is the Vocative of Tocno^B? 4. What is the Gerund Past of CBITL? 5. How do you form the 3rd person imperative of the verb CBITB? 6. What is the Vocative of nyxt? Conversation. Can you speak Russian yet? Not yet; I wish to learn to read German first. Let us be friends. Former friends often become enemies. Let us read. With pleasure. You must not speak so quickly. I always speak as quickly as this (transl. so quickly). JLE BH V3K6 HO- pyccKH? eiu,e; a xony np&K^e HTaTB no-ei- Men,KH. K)ica ^b y.U.OBOJIBCTBeM'B. BlI H6 ftOJIJKHH TOBOpHTL TaKi, CKopo. )I BcerAa TaKx CKopo ro- Bopib. Beading Exercise No. 8. Clever judge. Pano ^Tpoiii KpecTBaHKa neceT'B na Early in the morning a peasant-woman is carrying the market a hen Ha yjiHuVE KypHija BHCKaKHBaeTB HS^ pyKi> H ydiraeT . springs out . . . runs away BORE 6jiHacaHinifl BOpoTa, KOTOpna 3a paeHnMi under the nearest gate . em,e sanepTH. Ucloeed 46 Ha CTyEfc KpeCTBrfHKH ^BOpHHKt OTBOpaeTB BOpOTa, Upon the rap . the hostler opens fc pyKax^ Kypiinj. KpecTBSHKa yate co6npaeTca holding ... . prepares tfjiaroflapHTB ^.BOpHHKa sa jno6e3HOCTB, HO TOTI. saaBJiaeTi to thank . . amiability HTO 3TO ero Kypnija. HaiRnaeTca cnop'B, Ha KOTOPHH ... . Begins a dispute . co6npaK)TCH npoxosKie. TaK-L KaKi. HHKTO ne B'B co- assemble the passers-by As . ... a CToamH paspiioiHTL cnop'B, TO HHiero ne ocTaeTC^r, KaKi, condition to decide . . nothing . remains but (than) odpaTHTca KI noMoni,H Mnposaro cy^tH. Cy^ta BiicJiymaji^ to apply e the assistance of peace justice The judge heard #4.10, HO sa OTcyicTBieMfc CBH^Tejien He Mor'B piniHTL, on account of the absence of witnesses . could Kony npHcyAHTL KypH^y. Tor^a OH^ BBJIHTI to adjudge . . . orders BHUTH B^ flpyryro KoMHaiy H cnpauiHBaeT-b to go out another room . asks the woman KOpMHJia-jiH TH ceroflHa KypH^y? have fed you to-day ,,,3,a, KopMHJia a^MeHeMi OTBiqaeT-B Ta. a Tor,u;a OHI. , . calls out ... . OH-B KOPMHJI'B cero^Ha KypH^y. ,,nnieHmi 1 eK)" with wheat oTBiT^. Cy.a.Ba EQJiwn* pasctuiBHOMy npopisaiB 306^ the reply . . .to cut through the crop H nocMOTpiTB, ^TO TaM'B co^epatHTCJi. Tor^a . . . . is contained . nocTanoBJiaeTi: Kypmij BOBBpaTHTB ordains . to return a. na flBopmiKa HajioatHTt nenio Bt 20 py6jieH. . . . to imposse a fine of . Ninth Lesson. Remarks on the Feminine Declension. I. Feminine nouns having two or .more consonants be- fore the final vowels take a euphonic o qr e in the geni- tive pi. Kan.ua drop Kiiiie.ii> ; .in BKJI shop JIRBOKX ; iiaviKa stick na.ioirB. -- B or ii: are changed in this case into e; CBji^bOa wedding CBii^edx. If the first consonant is r, K, x an o is always inserted Kyxna kitchen KJXOHB (or t). Note. Before p, however, the euphonic o or e are not necess- ary: nrpii, nrpi. or nropi., HKpa roe inq)i> or iiKop'B. The letters 3,3;, CK, CT and CTB and sometimes .IH ? pn are also not sepa- rated by the euphonic letter: ;jBf,3;i,a star SB-fea^Tb; HGBBCTa bride HCB-BCTB ; BOftcKit army soficK-B. II. Words in aea, na, ma preceded by a consonant and those in m,a as well as several in .ia, pn, Ha (espe- cially in epna), also words ending in LJI (with an accent) take in the genitive plural en instead x or B, poiu,a, grove pdmefi; Hos/iptf, nostril nos^pefi. Note 1. The masculine nouns with feminine termination as ibnoraa, nama, follow the same rule (.a.a.a.a, ^H^CH); cy^Ba judge cy^eft. Note 2. W r cl s in LH without the accent take in plural ifi: KOJi^yHbfl witch KO.I^VII iii. III. In accordance with the rules (v. p. 6) that t ^or B are only placed after consonants, feminine nouns in ia, ea, dfea take in the genitive pi. H instead of B. sarlja snake SJI^M; .miia lily JiHJiiH. Those in ia have in the dat. and instrum. sing. H instead of * (v. laws of Permutation p. 10). IV. After the letter H especially in words terminating in pna, uraa, acna, sna, cna, B is changed in the geni- tive pi. into x. Oaiuna tower danieH'B. Verb. The Subjunctive and conditional moods are wanting in Russian. They are expressed by the Indicative past with the particle 6u. n 6iot, a, o, 6&i I should be TH thouwouldstbe a, o 6u.i'L, a, o 6u he, she, it would be MH 6H.3H 6ti, we should be BH you would be OHH, oaa CHJIH Ow they would ba a band, maitaa bottle, cask, 66 ina a copeck, cushion, doll, to eat, KyinaiL earring, ceptra enemy England, girl, hope, Livonia, melon, needle, partridge, KyponaiKa petticoat, to reply, Russia, Poccia seamstress, in sea sister, cecrpa stable, week, Exercise No. 9. 1. Decline in the singular and plural OBH,a, , jiiijiia, snl^i, apnia, and afterwards translate: In Russia, of the stables, of the petticoat, of the petticoats, of the witches, of the girls, the girls (ace.), of the spoons, of the lilies, the drops, of the drops, the judges, of the judges, the snakes (ace.), of the stars. I should read, she would listen, he would ask, we should come, they would wish, you would work, they would read, we should know, they would reply, you would relate. 2. y MCHa ecTB saMOKi B^ IIlBeiiu,apiii. Y . KoMy .naeii, cecipa juLiiro. Hauii 6part BI POCCIH. CKOJIBKO noAymeKi) y Bac^? Co6aKa spars KouieKi,. CKOJIBKO K)60K!> y 3TIIXT. UIBCH ? CKOJILKO &URb Bi Ca^y? Bl 3THX1 BHHO. B-B aiofi ^epeBH-B H^T^ HHKaKHxt (no) Where are the sister's needles? There are no needles here. The girls have them. I see an abyss. The horses are in the stable. I have no hope whatever. We are eating melons. Who is now Czar of Russia? How many casks? We have never seen partridges. How many drops are there in the sea? 48 Questions on Grammar. 1. When is the euphonic o inserted in the genitive plural of the feminine declension? 2. Which letters are never separated by the euphonic o or e? 3. Do all words in BH take eft in the genitive pi.? 4. What is the genitive pi. of nauia? 5. Which words take a i in the genitive plural termination 'instead Of L? 6. Which words take eft in the genitive plural instead of t or b? 7. What is the genitive plural of saita and 6;imim? Conversation, Have you ever been in Russia? No, I have only been in England. Where is your brother now? He is now in Switzerland. Is your father at home? No, he is in Livonia. Does your sister play the piano ? I have no sisters. For whom then did you buy a pair of earrings? For my brother's bride. BLOH JIH BH Kor^a jra6o BI Poccin? HBT^, a GHJII, TOJILKO BX ABT- JUH. TenepB Baui-B B:B ,n,6Ma? HiiTi, OHfc B'B JlH(})jraHAiH. HrpaeT'B JIH Bania cecipa na BOBCe C6- Y MCHfl cxep'B. ^jia Koro ate BH Kyniijra napy ceperi,? HesicTH Moero 6pa r ra. Beading Exercise No. 9. Stranger Bt O.H.HOMI. npeKpacHOMt 3aiiKi, very beautiful castle CToanjee speaia HC OCTHJIOCB HH the present . . remained . raxufi p6u,apL. knight Ko r roparo B-B Ha- . . JKHJI'B 60- stone lived Tpa'THji-B MHOFO flCHerx na yRpameme CBoero s spent much . . of his HO (xE.a.HHM'B Rbx&jn> Majio ^o6pa. OAHajKAH npniuejii of the poor . little good. 6i;i ) HHH CTpaHnHKfcHnonpociijr& asked CTpaHHHKy B^B ero npocB6'E H CKasajrB: ,,9TOTi refused . . request . . . saMOKfc ne rocTHHHHii,a." Tor^a CTpaHHHK^ cEasajii: an inn . ,,IIo3B6jiB Mni npe^osKiiTL Te6i TOJILKO Tpn sonpoca." allow . to put . . three questions P6n,apL OTB-Eia.!!.: ,,CnpaiiiHBaH, CKOJILKO Teoi yroAeo; as much as you like a OXOTHO 6y%y OTB-fciaTt." CTpauHHKi, H cnpocHJii: ,,Kio . willingly . . .... flO T66a 3KHJI1, BX 3TOMT. 3aMK^?" ,,M()H OTQU.'L" OTB^- hefore (thee) you lived . this . My qajix pnijapB. ,,A ,3,0 TBoero OTii,a KTO SHEJTL Bt HCM'B?"- . (thy) your ..... ,,MOH xkRi>" ,,A nocjii Te6a, KTO grandfather . after ... saMKi?" jjHa.n.'BBocB, MOH CLIHI." ,,H . I trust . . . . continued CTpaHEHKl, ,,6CJIH KaatAHH 5KHB6TTb Bi 9TOM1. SaMKi TOJBKO lives ... KopOTKoe Bpena H HOTOM'B ycTynaex^ M^CTO .npyrony, TO a short . . then cedes the place to another then KTO BCi BH, KaKt H6 TOCTH? H03TOMy H6 H3,3,ep3KHBaH . if . . expend TaKfc MHoro fteHerfc na yKpamenie BTOFO ^OMa, a jyime of this . . better fllijiaH 66jiBine ^o^pa GiflHiiMx." PLHi,apB npHHu.!!, K^ cep^i^y do more . . . .to heart 3TH cjiOBa, fl&jn> CTpaHHHKy Ho^eri H ex TOFO BPGMGHH these words . . since . . cocTpa^aTejiBH-Be K became more compassionate 60 Tenth Lesson. Remarks on the Feminine Declension. (Continuation.) Irregular Nouns. V. n.epKOBB church; CBCKPOBB mother-in-law (hus- band's mother); Bomt louse; JIOJKB lie; POJKL rye and jiioOoBB love, drop the vowel o in all cases except the ace. and instrumental singular. SINGULAR. PLURAL, HM. poa& pan Pox. pan paeft ,HaT. pan paaMi BHH. poab pan Tfiop. poabso paaun IIpeA- o pan o paaxt Note. JUotfoBb as a proper noun retains the o in all cases ast JIK)66BH. VI. MaTt mother and .HOIB daughter are declined after a stem MaxepL and HM. MaTb jjaiepn Pox. Marepn naiepeH J^ar. Maiepn waiepaMi BHH. naib Maxepeii xo^i xo^epeii XOHCpbMH Tsop. Marepbro o Maiepa o Maiepaxi Conditional. SINGULAR. a aejaji, a, o 6a I should have wished TH thou wouldst have wished a, o aejaii, a, o 6n he, she or it would have wished PLURAL. MH aejiajH 611 we should have wished BH you would have wished OHH, oni aeiiiH 6a they would have wished SINGULAR. Imperative. PLURAL. I army, apm* banker, to begin, bridegroom, to converse with, fox, JIHCHII,a goose, rycL, a . joy, pajtocTt little (fern.), more, 66-1*6 niece, rind, bark, Kopi rOOt, KOpCHB to seize, cxBaxHTi Sophy, C6(J)La Sunday, BOCKpeceaie tear, cjieaa than, Ti'EM'L, neateJiH trunk, CTBOJTL week, uwkxn wherefrom, oi-Kyjia young man, youth, ibuoma Exercise No. 10. 1. Decline in the Singular and Plural: JIO:KB, n,epKOBL and afterwards translate: To Love, of Love, of the mother, the daughters (ace.), the mothers (ace.), the churches, of the church, of the churches, of the mothers, in the churches, a lie, with love, to the daughter, to the daughters, the mother-in-law (ace.), of the mother-in-law. 2. TaM^ 6mia ajeHa nocjia ci. CBOCJO (her) CBCKPOBBK) H CTO CBOHMH .noieptMH (or AO^epaMn). OTU,H qacxo 66jibine jrio6flTi ^onepeH, HeacejiH CHHOBefl. CKaatHxe c^yraant rpa- C()HHH, HTO a S^CL BT. KOMHaTB MOCH (of my) ^jtna npHHHjnb BI ^OMI> MajiesbKyro JIioftoBB, CBOK) MflHHHi;y, .noqi, CBoefl cecipH. Jl MOJITO pasroaapHBaji'B ci rpa(j)HH6K) 06^ apMin. JlHCHii,a xorfja cxsaTHTL ryca. H cyiLa noKpHTH (are covered) Kopoio. BOCKpeceHLeMi,. Tears of joy were in the mother's eyes. The daughter went to church. The youth told the mother that he had told a lie. John is playing with Sophy and nurse is playing with Love. The father loves the daughter more than the son. I spoke with the mother of her daughter's love. The princesses were not at home in the evening. Princess Love is the daughter of the Czar. Questions on Grammar. 1. How is the conditional formed in Russian? 2. What is the difference between .iioGoiiH and .1 10611 rt? 3. What is the instrument, pi. of J^OML? 4. After which stem are MaTB and OUL declined? BH Conversation; Where do you come from? I am coming from church. Whom did you see there? I saw Sophy, the daughter of the banker; she came with Love's sister and her bridegroom. Have you been to church to- day, mamma? Yes, my son. Where will your daughter dine to-day? My daughter will dine with (translate CT c. instr.) her (ea) mother-in-law to-day. Does your daughter love her mother-in-law? Yes, she loves her (ee) very much. ijepKBH. Koro BEI TaMt If BH^iiJix C6(})JbK), AOIB 6an- KHpa; ona npnuuia c'b ce- CTporo JIro66BH H ea JKC- HHXOMl). BLUM JIH BU cero.u.Hfl Bt u,epKBH, Mama? J(i\, MOfi CUHt. Bama ;I Moa AOHL 6yflftT'b cero^na ci ea CBCKPOBLIO. Bama CBCKpOBB? ,fl,a, ona ee Beading Exercise No. 10. CBH(|)T'B. Swift CBH$TI>, a.BTOp'B FyjuniBepa the author . Paai) npaxoAHTi OH^ on foot Once .... Buy roBop^Ti HTO Bci KOMHaTH sanaTti H are occupied . they propose to him HC XOICTt JIH OITL nOM^CTHTBCJI Ha nOJOBHH'B HOCTCJIH, . . to find a place . . of a bed nyTemecTBOBaTB liked to journey BeiepOMi. B^ rocTHHHHu,y. m qTo flpyraa nojroBHna ^e sanaTa by a fanner KOTOpuu npitxajrx nocjii^EHMt. arrived the last TO.IBKO q-ro OH-B Jieri, KaK'B naqajrB pasroBop'B C-B co- Scartely . . lain down . . a conversation . his ciAOMt. TOTX CTajifc .noftpoflyiiiHO pascKasusaTB HTO eny neighhour . . good-naturedly Bor& noMorB 6qeHB xopomo ycxpoHTB ^,ijia na flpMapidi. helped . . to settle . . the fair Kacaeica .noMena," npepsajii. CBH^T'B, ,,TaKi> MH^ ne As regards . interrupted . ... IIOC 9 n,or/F,: 30pKa.iLU,e little looking glass 3epRa.iLn,a 9 3epKaai>i^e r b. Note 2. no.iOTt'Hn,e towel (not being a diminutive) has no- ^oxeHULT, but genitive noJiOTeHen,!.. Note 3. Ordinary nouns in me 5 n,e also those in ace, ^e are declined regularly after those in o. yiHJiiim,e school Note 4. Nouns in ie have in the prepositional sing, in instead of i-fe (v. Laws of Permutation). to wait. a aiy, I wait TH jKfleinB, thou waitest ont, a, o, xae'T'j,, he, she, it waits MH at^e'Mi, we wait BH K^eTe, you wait OHH, OHi a^yTi, they wait 5ft borough, to build, butter, wacio to care, be anxious Christmas, i XpHCTOBa dish, ftjibflo estate, noifBCTte fox, jiHCHn,a happiness, ciacxie heart, cepw holiday, feast, PoatjecTBa to tell a He, span, CKaBar* ioxt the lodging, jKHJinme meat, Maco medicament, (jeKapciBO or) i*Kap- CTBO milk, MOJIOKO nest, mis^d riches, 6oraTCTBO school, yqHJHme sky, He6o little window, OK6mo Exercise No. 11. 1. Decline in the singular and plural iHCJi6 number; EOJIBUO ring; POSWCTBO birth; HecqacTie misfortune, and afterwards translate: Of the eyes, the eyes, to the windows, the win- dows, of the throats, of the grains, the little rings, the schools, of the schools, the little mirrors, the big clumsy houses, of the big clumsy houses, the plea- sure, in misfortune, of the riches of the nests. She is waiting, I am lying, you lie (sing.), they lie, she lies, - they are waiting, we are lying, he lies, she is waiting. JlHCHIl,H CTpOflTT, CBOH 2RHJIHni,a B'B SeMJTE. Tepn Bcer^a 3a6oTHTca o c^acxiH c6ea. ^airre C-B MaCJIOM'B H MjiCOMfc. Y M6HJI H^Tl. HHKaKHX'B paa^HHK^ Poat^ecTBa XpncTOBa. CKOJIBKO OKO- Bt ,n,6M'ii A^H? CKOJIBKO pyatefi y coji^a TH BpemB, y Hero H^T-B HHKaKHX'B CKOJIBKO y saci nojioTenen.!.? I am waiting for my brother who is in school. How many stars are there in the sky? There are (CCTB) many towns and small towns (boroughs) in Russia. Give me the ring and the little rings. (The looking-glasses belong to the merchant Questions on Grammar. 1. In what instance do neuter nouns insert an o in the genitive plural? 2. Why is the genitive pi. of no-noTeHije formed differently from that of aepKa.n.ne? 3. What is the genitive pi. of neuter nouns ending in le? 4. Name some neuter nouns that take eft in the genitive plural. 5. In what instances do neuter nouns not insert a euphonic letter in the genitive pi. although preceded by two or more consonants? 6. Name some neuter nouns that take in the nom. pi. H, w instead of a, a. Conversation. To whom do these miserable houses belong? I neither know the owner of this big clumsy house nor the owners of these mi- serable little houses. Why does the mother punish the boy? He has broken the little looking-glass and the panes in the little windows of the peasant's hut. Kony npHHaflJieacaTi STH #o- MHUIKH? H HC 3HaK) HH XOSjfHHa 3TO- ^,OMHni;a, ro HH pa36HJTB sepKajEBijo H CTCKJia B^ OKHaXTb KpeCTLJIHHHa. Heading Exercise No. 11. ,n,Ba c6na. CTapmifi . . London merchant was (had) two . The elder H31> HHXX pa^OBaJIi OTU,a CBOHM'B HpHM'fepHHM'B HOBe^C- of . delighted . . exemplary con- HieM'B; HO Mjia l ii;nii&, npe^aBmifica c^ paHHHX'B jiiTi no- duct . the younger who had addicted himself (in his early years) to poKaarB, npHinnaJTB eMy MHOFO neqajin. OropqeHHtin vices caused . . affliction The grieved 3a6ojiiji r B H, qyBCTBya npH6jrajKeme CMepTH became ill . feeling the approach . appointed ciapmaro cftna e.a.HHCTBeHHHM'B Hacjii.fl.HHKOM'B Bcero CBoerd sole heir 97 . BcEopi n6c:i'fc xoro OH'B ^Mepi. OTBepateHHufi CUHI, property Soon . ... The disowned ysH&Bt o cMepTH OTn,a, HHCTOcepAeino coJKajrfui'B, TTO OHI having loarned . . sincerely regretted . jiyiuieMy cBoeaiy Apyry H djiaro^foejiK) npH^HHiLnb CTOJIBKO the best . . . benefactor had caused so much neia.ra H oropiema; BM*CTO TOFO, HTo6i> poirraTB na grief instead of .to murmur omoBCKoe pacnopajKenie, HCKJiioqaBmee ero HBX HacjrfeACTBa, the father's arrangement which excluded . . succession OH'B nanpoTHB't Toro, cosnaBajca, HTO BnojiHi sacjyatHjnb on the contrary . confessed . fully deserved THiiB-B OTfl,a H nepGM'BHHJ'B, C^ T0r6 BpeM6HH, 66pa3'B the anger . . changed since that . his mode JKH3HH. C'rapmin 6paii, KOTOpOMy no npasy npnHa- . . . .by rights Bee OTii,6BCKoe nacjii^CTBO, yanaB'B 061 STOH nepeMini cfioero MjaAfflaro 6paTa, ci cep- change . . . . cor- pa^ocTtK), oinpaBHjica KT. neMy H CEaaaJit wkpj- dial joy set off . . . . the roiiua saM-EqaTejiBHLUi cjiosa: ,,Bpa,Tei;TE,! nami. oxeu.!. saB'fe- following remarkable . Dear brother our . has left majix MH r i Bee CBOG HMinie; HO OH^, KoeeiHO, He by will . . . certainly OTHJITB Hacjii^CTBO y CBina ^ocTOHHaro ero H to take away . . . worthy of . affection a saBtmanie, OH^ HM^JI^ B^ BH^y TO, . will, testament ... view TH B6JTB C&6A npH CFO 3CH3HH, a H6 TO, KaKi TH . conducted . during . . ... . . TenepB. H TaK^ a cqHTaro CBoeio . ... consider my duty TBOJK) 56 Twelfth Lesson. ^BHiui^aTLiM ypoici. Remarks on the Neuter Declension. (Continuation. Other irregularities.) child, is declined in the following manner: SINGULAR. PLURAL. HM. jHTa, the child ATH Po*. aHTaTH ^ar. JHTJITH BHH. JHTJI Tfiop. jHTaTeMi or jHTaiero JHTflTH The following nouns have an irregular plural form. jepeso tree aepeBia, LCBI, nepo feather, plume nepta, tesi, log nojiHWT, LeBi, wing KpHJiBfl, LCBI, apple a6iOKH, O shoulder njein, 6KO eye OIH, o^eii yxo ear yum, ymeif. Note. oCjaKO cloud has o().iaK1 ? heaven neOec.1, nefieci. wonder ^y^eed, qy^ect ship cy^tf, cy^6Bi wonders; q^a^ t monsters KOJIBHO has fftree plural inflections: , KOJiineM, Rpji^H^Mt fences , Kdi^HBCBi, KOJitHBflMt j'omte of plant or chain KOJiiei, KOjinaMi, Past tense of a ja.rB, a, o, I waited MH AaJH, we waited TH thou waitedst BH x-^ajiE, you OH-B 2K,i;ajn, he waited OHH | OHa x^a-Jia, she OH'J^ > atjj,aJiH, they waited. OHO raja-io, it OHM] 59 t angel, bucket, to call, to distil, to draw eut, pull out, EHpsaTL v. a. glory, cjasa to grease, to listen, cayman to proclaim, n to shine (glitter), stork, ancTB to surround, oapyxaii tar, aeroTB, ia the tear, cjesa to tell, twig, branch, wheel, Kojeco Exercise No, 12. 1. Decline in the singular and plural cojran.e, , s6.iOKO and translate afterwards: To the children, the children (ace.), of the children, of the apples, the apples, of the logs, the logs, of the trees, the trees, of the wings, to the wings, the shoulders, of the ears, the ears, the eyes, of the eyes, to the shoulders, the suns, of the suns, to the suns. She was waiting, he waited, they lied, *- he lied, she lied, we were waiting, you were waiting, the child is waiting, it waited, the child lied. 2. Besjvfe OKpyacaKXTi nacx qy^eca. Cjiesa cuf.ua dnrejia. MH BHA'kiH MHOPO a6^0K'L na .nepeBtaxt. BH^JIH JIH BH na AepeBLflxi, rflfe^a HTHU.!? CKOJIBKO yuieii y neJioB'EKa ? CKOJIBKO y nero masT. ? JI BHpsaJi'B niiCKo JIBKO nepBCBi> H3i> KpiiJiBeBi) aHCTa. YiHTejiB nanx pasKasuBaei'i) o qy,3,ecax^. Ha ne6i 6nBaeTi MHOFO BBis^. ^epeBBa H3I. Kopnen, CTBOJIOBX, cyiBeBi), B^TBefi H JIHCTB- KopneH H cyqBeBi) neperoHaTt KOJieca. We see with the eyes and listen with the ears. The heavens proclaim the glory of God. The possessor of these estates is now in Cronstadt. Have you seen many ships? The children are waiting for the servant. How many buckets were there? There are many trees in our (ea- nieM'B) garden. The son was on his knees. The apples are on the table. 60 Questions on Grammar. 1. How many plural forms has the word 2. What is "the tribes" in Russian? 3. What is the plural of otfjiaKo? 4. What is the difference between ly^eca and 'iy.ua 2 5. What is the difference between cy^a and Other Remarks on the nouns. Many nouns have a double plural, one regular and the other irregular, as: BOIOCI, hair BOJIOCH and soioca ro^i, year TOAH and rofla JOMI, house AOMH and flOMa ,, snow cuirn and cetra , stone HH, en and KaiieHba, KopeHb, root HH, HCH and Kopeubfl, span, border, brink Kpaa and Kpaa lesapb, physician jesapa and niicapi., clerk, scribe iracapn and yqniejib, teacher yiHieJia and XOKTOpt, doctor AOKiopbi and npotfteccop'b, professor npo^eccopn and npo^eccopa hole AHpu and , tree AepeBa and Some nouns have a double inflection in the plural in each case the meaning is different. Such are: n*, pi. FT.KH eyelids; BiiKa centuries 3y6i, pi. syOti, OBI teeth in mouth; 3yGi>;i, KGBI of a saiv or comb JHCTT>, pi. JHCTIJ, OBI sheets of paper or leaves of a book; jiHCTba leaves of a tree M-fexi, pi. Mfcxi'i, owbpair of bellows; M r l>xd 9 OB-B furs Hyxi, pi. MyZH men; jiyaiMi husbands CHHI, pi. CMHOBbH - sons ; CbiHbi only in the case of "sons" (of a particular nation) UBiTi,, pi. ijBtTbi flowers; ijuf/rii colours xji'BG'b, pi. x.TBGfci loaves; xjrfeCsi, OBI grains 66pa3-i, pi. 6Cpa3Ei forms; oGpasa images repent, pi. lepenti skulls; Mepein.H pieces of broken glass , pi. KYpmuj and; sypbi hens 61 Reading Exercise No. 12. Kyneu.!* y-Bsacajis (*) B-B flopory H went away on a journey secb CBOH 3KejrE3Hbifi TOBapi. Ha xpanenie 6ora,TOMy iron- wares into the keeping Kynn,y. Kor^a ont Bepnyjic^, OH^ npHmej'B E'B 3TOMy came back . . . . Kynuy H nonpocn^'B Hasa^^ CBOG acejiiso. back his iron BoraxtiH Eyn&i.'L npoAajix Beet acejiisntiH TOBapi H, had sold . . . roBOpHTLca qiiM r B-HH6y^L, CKasa^x: (>& TBOHMT, to exculpate himself somehow . . your a misfortune has happened ,,,Ha a ero cjio%Liijn> BX XJI^HUH an6ap r B. A TEMX Muraefi . have placed . granary . . mice nponacTt. Oni see acejiiso HCTOHHJIH. H canx m%kjii>, a great deal . . . have gnawed up . . have seen OH* rpMSJlH. ficJIH H6 HOB-fepHHIB HOAH HOCMOTpIl". . . . you believe go (and) look Bi^Htifi Kyneni ne cxajix cnopHTB. OHI> cnasajii.: ,,Her6 . . . did begin to dispute . . TB? fl H TaKi, sipK). ^ 3HaK), MhifflH Bcer^a acejtso ... ... . always . rpiisyrB. Hpomafi." H 6'k&EUE Kyn^-B ynieji. .^ Good-bye ... Ha yjiHii.'B OHT. yBH^'BJ'B, Hrpaexx MajiB^HK'B CUHT> 6oraTaro KynD;a. (*) Was making preparations to go abroad. Thirteenth Lesson. TpHHd^n;aTHft The Adjective (itna npajiaraTeJiLHoe). Adjectives are divided in Russian into: 1. Qualifying: I a 1 66pHH good; 2. Possessive: HnaHOBa KHiira John's book or Rela- tive, marking the relation of one object to a whole specie, animate or inanimate as: pyccKift Rus- sian, nlJue'ij.KiM German, ojieniffl of a deer, .nytfoBiiii of an oak. 3. Circumstantial, derived from adverbs, as: B^immS of here, TaMouiHifi of there. The adjective agrees with the noun with which it is coupled in gender, number and case. The Russian adjectives have a twofold termination: the full or attributive and the apocopated or predicative. The full terminations are: IIM, ift, ofl for the masc., aa, aa for the fern., oe, ee for the neutr., and express an already asserted quality: Aofipufi OTeu/L the good father. The apocopated termination are t (L) for the masc., a (a) for the fern., o (e) for the neuter, and denote a quality that is just being asserted: OTen.'B ji,o6p^ the father is good. Only the qualifying adjectives have both the full and the apocopated terminations. The Possessive adjectives have only the apocopated form and the Relative and Circum- stantial are used only in the full form. Note 1. Adjectives having the accent on the last syllable take 6ft in the nom sing. masc. instead of Lift or ift. xyx6fi, Cojibiiiofi. Note 2. Nouns with adjective terminations as HacoBofi sentry are declined like adjectives. Future tense of H 6yiy atiaiL, I shall wait MH 6yjeM!, at^ait, we shall wait TH fiyaeiiiL aiflaTL, thou wilt wait BH 6yAexe a^aiL, you will wait OHT, | ( he will wait omi | ona > (JyAeTt at^ait I she out > 6yAyTt atAait. they will wait OHH] lit OHH] autumn, 6ceui, H beautiful, KpacHBHM because, noiony HTO to bend, rHyii,, v. a. cold, xojrdAHHii dull, CKyiHHW extremely, OHCHL faithful, good, green, handsome, healthy, well, idle, lazy, j " immovable, law, long, the mane, rpifaa mild, KpoTKin it rains, floaiflL Hjeri rich, 6oraTHM sad, nenajiLHHH satisfied, content, jOB6jn>HHft severe, ciporifi short, KOpoiKiff studious, diligent, tail, XBOCTL terrible, trunk, body, warm, weather, nor6fl;a white, Exercise No. 13. 1. I shall wait for the father. He will wait in the garden. She will wait in the wood. We shall wait on (na) the ship. We shall bend the trees. They are bend- ing. You will bend. It bends. I bent. She bent. We bent. You will bend. You will not lie. "2. Y Jouia^H icpacHBaa rojioBa H Cojraije ecTt Heno^BimHTm SBis^a. Tu OTeuTL s^opoB'L. ;I,HTa neqajisHo, noTOny ^TO (OHO) POBO. Cec'rpa ,3,o6pa H npHJieaeHa, a 6paTi> JI'BHHB'B. Fo- jiOBa AHTJ!TH CJIHIIIKOM'B Be^iHKa. XBOCTI. Baiiieu (of your) EOHIKH CJIHIUKOMI, KOpOTOK'B. YHHTeJIL AOBOJieH'B 1TO liajIL- HHK'B npHjiesKcn-B. FpHBa ^oraaAH npeKpacHa. ^ ne 6oraxx, HO H HC Be good and you will be (sing.) handsome. The child's neck is white. The tree is green. The white house in the garden belongs to the possessor of the estate. The teacher's little sister is extremely beautiful. The father is severe but the mother is mild. The storm was terrible. The law will be very severe. The dog is very faithful. 64 Questions on Grammar. 1. How many terminations have the adjectives? 2. What is the apocopated termination for the /em.? 3. What is the full termination for the neuter $ 4. In what must the adjective agree with the noun? 5. How are the adjectives divided in Russian? 6. Which adjectives have only the apocopated termination?, 7. Which adjectives have both the full and the apocopated ter- mination ? 8. How are nouns with adjective-terminations declined? Conversation. How is the weather in summer? In summer the weather is often very hot. And how is the weather during the autumn? During the autumn it is cold and dull, and it very often rains. What is a field? A field is a considerable space of ground upon which one either grazes the herds or sows corn. What is a meadow? A low place upon which grass grows is called a me- adow. W'hat is hay? Mown and dried grass is called hay. KaKaa nor,a,a. A KaKOBa 6iiBaeT$ noro^a OcentK) noro.ua nacnypna H nojie? Ilojie ecTb npOCTpaHCTBO 3CMJIH, Ha nacyrt HJIH HHSKOC KOTOpOMX MiCTO, Ha C^HO? CKouieHHaa H Reading Exercise No. 13. Conclusion. Kynen.'B npnjacKajii coaxed (enticed) H YHCCt Kt . carried away . B3Ofc ero na Ha apyrdn fleHB 6oraTH Kyne'n.'B BCTp-fciaeTYB . * meets H pascKasiiBaeT'B CBO rope, ^TO y nero CHHI . . . grief ... . has been lost H cnpamHBaeTt: ,,He Bn,n;ajr6 JIH, He cjruxajii JTH? . ... has heard Kynen,i> H roBopHT'B: ^aK^ ate, TOJILKO CTaji^ a sqepa OTTE, Te6^ BHXO^HTL, Bray, . yesterday . . I see acTpetfi najieTiji'L npaMO na Tsoero MaJit^HKa, cxsaTHji-B pounced, darted straight . . caught ero H ynec-B." BoraTHH Kyneiii-B pascepAHJiCH H roBopHTx: ,, became angry . . shameful Te6i HaAO MHofi CMtrfTLca. PasB^ CTaTO^Hoe x&x at . to laugh Is it then possible acTpe6 r L Mori MajiL^HKa yeecTB." ,,^11., a He . . . ... do laugh ITO JK^ y^HBHTejiLHaro, HTO ^CTpe6 r B Majit^HKa yeeci. , . surprising . . . Kor,a;a M&IIIH CTO ny^oB'B JKejitsa C'B'BJIH? Bee 6HBaeT^. . . 100 poud . have eaten up . happens Tor^a 6oraTHfl Kynen.'B HOH^IJIT, H roBopHT'B: ,,M6u H . . understood . . He C'B'BJIH TBoero atejiisa, a a ero np6,n;ajrB H B^BOC ... . . double I shall pay ,,A ecjiH TaKTB, TO H Avrip^'L c&R& TBoero ne yneci: a ero ie6i Fourteenth Lesson. HexiipHa^u.aTJBiH ypoiet. Declension of Adjectives. Fern. Neuter ,n,66paro SINGULAR. Masc. HM. fl66pHH, good PO.H. aooparo BHH. likeHM.orPoa.(*) Tuop. floftpHMt [. l66pOMt PLURAL. HM. jofipae BHH. like HM. . o like MM. or like HM. or Soft termination. SINGULAR. PLURAL. Masc. Fern. Neuter Masc. Fern. Neuter HM. ciiHiff, blue CEEHH ciinee CHHie diaia criuia POA. CHHUI'O CHuefi CHH^rO CHHliXl ,3,aT. ciiHCMy ciineii CHH6My CHHHMI, BHH. like 11. or P. CHUH)R) CHHCe like H. or P. TBOp. CHHUM'fc CHH6K) CHHHMt CHHHMH llpei. CHHCMfc o cHHeS CHHCMT, CHHllXfc Note 1. The law of permutation (v. p. 10) that after a guttural or sibilant there can never stand u ? a, 10 but H, a^ y, must also be applied to adjectives: Note 2. Feminine adjectives used as nouns are declined like adjectives : ;viiTfKaa nursery; npnxoxaH anteroom. Many Relative adjectives have the following inflections: SINGULAR. HM. pH6iH,ofansh PLURAL. BHH'. like H. "or P. Tfiop. PH6L6H pHOLefi PHOLK) PH6L6IO paG&e p pHOLHXt PH6LHM-& pH6tH or pHOLHMH (*) Like the Pod., when accompanied hy animate objects and like the Jw., when accom- panied by inanimate objects. 67 to assist, help, noMoraTL aurora borealis, dfoepnoe dame black, iepHHM clever, to contain, costly, copy-book, TGTpaiL, H glove, nepiaTKa greatest, Han66jiLmift to guard, oxpanaiL high, BHCOKiw to be lighted, new, noB northern, number, obliged, often, part, pleasure, poor, red, KpacHHM to reward, BOSHarpaai^aTi,, -rpa- SHTL, v. a. sentinel, sentry, ?acoBoii sky blue, azure, rojryCon, subject, unhappy, HecqacTHn6 useful, no.ie'BHHH various, pasHaw winterly, SHMHIM yellow, ' Exercise No. 14. 1. Decline in Russian in the singular and plural: The good father, the handsome child, the unhappy woman, the high tree, and translate afterwards, of the white paper to the black dog the black dog (ace.); the black dogs (ace.), the red hair, the red rooms, in the red rooms, of the yellow tables, the green eyes, the yellow waistcoats, of the winter days, to the black horse, with the blue eyes. 2. ^e'jiTaa 6yMara S^CB, a 61iJiaa Kpacfloe sepnajio npHHa ( a,jie;KHT r & 6oraxoMy j[n y Baci> rojzy66>i nepqaTKH? 3aMHia HOIH in,aroTC^i cifiepHHM'L cuiaieMi). 7,3,0 BO jiLcxsm BpeAHH. yqHTe.iL BOSHarpaar^aeTT, npHJieatntixTb Y CMHa nainero coci^a 6oraTa# TeiKa. Jan nojTOTeei],e 6 r tAHofi c.iyjKaHK'k TaMTE. CCTB 6ojn.fflafl KOMnaTa. neciaTHaro ECTL ocB r L- oient My aunt is a bad cook. I have a new hat. Give the yellow paper to the children. You will wait in the green room of the white castle. The rich are obliged to help the poor. The faith! ul subjects love the great king. The dog guards the houses of men like a faithful sentinel. We have severe laws. A number of various tribes live (jKHByxib) in Russia. Questions on Orammar. 1. How are feminine adjectives, used as nouns, declined? 2. When is the ace. of the adjective like the genitive? 3. When is the ace. like the nom.? 4. Why is the genitive plural of Bejnndft, BejiHKHXi, without H like fl66"pHx-L or KpacHHXt? Conversation. What does our earth contain ? Our earth contains many use- ful and costly objects. What more do you know about the earth? I know that the greater part of the earth is covered with water. Which animals do you like? I like young dogs and little black cats. I think you have a little dog? Yes, I have a little black dog; it is a very clever animal, knows all the house-people and rec- ognises strangers from a distance. What is mutton? The meat of ewes and rams is called mutton. What are lambs? Young sheep are called lambs. BI Haoia? Kama seMJia saKooiaeTx B-L ce6i MHoro nojiesHELxt H .n.parou.'EHflHX'B npe^Me- TOBX. ^TO TH ein;e SHaeint o seiuii ? H snaro, q-ro 66jn>maa iacTB SCMHOH nonepxHOCTH no- KpHTa BOIOIO. KaKHXX 3KHBOTHHX r B TH JIH)- 6HIUL? JI jiK)6jilb H Mai KaateTca, HTO y ecTL MajientKaa co6aKa? ^a, y Meea CCTL MajieHLKaa co6aqKa; oea oqeHB JKHBOTHOe, 3Ha6TTE OMaUinHXTE. H H3,II,a- JIH ysnaeTi, TaKoe 6apaHHHa? Maco OBei];^ H 6apanoB r & na- 6apaHHHoro. OBD.EI Beading Exercise No. 14. The language of the birda. ifi cyjiTaHi MaxMy^-B, HOCTO^HHEIMH The Persian Sultan . with continual H JKCCTOKHM^ npaBJieeieMi), Taic^ onycTomiLii csoe n,apCTBO, with hard administration . devastated ITO nosology BHAHH 6&IH TOjiBKo paspymeme H (XBVI.HOCTB. . everywhere visible . . destruction . poverty ero BHSHPB noxBacTajica, KoneiHO TOJIBKO myia, . . vizier boasted of course . jestingly OH$ noHHMaeTt asj&Ki nTHi^. CnycT^ understands . . After cyjiTae-L H ero BHSiipB B03Bpam;ajiHCB . . . were returning BeqepOM-B ci OXOTH AOMOU. ^opororo OHH from hunting home . . remarked (noticed) COBX Ha flepeB'E, CToaBnieMi, B^ pasopennoH owls , . ruined no^-ii pasBajniBiuefica ciiH6. ^A-ESB TH MoatemB tumbled down . ... (make a CTaBHTB 6nHTT3 TBoero SHaHifl", cKasajra cyjixaH^B BHBiipK). trial) . . knowledge . . . ,,C'rynan H nocjiyuiaH, ^TO COBH roBOpaT'B Meac^y co66io!" step over . listen a little . . . between . oAKpajiCJi KI Aepesy H CAiiaJEi BH^TB, stole under .... . OHT> BHHMa'rejiBHo cjiyiiiaeTi, pasroBop^ HTHII.'B. as if . attentively . the conversation Kor,a,a OH$ BOSBpaTHJica Ki cyxrany, TO pasrofiopa COBI,, HO He CM^K) coo6iu,HTB ero BaiueMy a part . . , I dare to communicate . (To be concluded.) 70 Fifteenth Lesson. HaTHa^aTiiii: ypoict. The Apocopated Form. In forming the apocopated form of the masc. termin. the following rules must be observed: I. When x is preceded by two or more consonants o or e must be inserted: TOHKIH, thin TOHOKX , Tomcat, TOHKO. Note 1. o is inserted before KTB preceded by one of the follow- ing letters: 6, B, n, ji, H, p, i, r 5 #, T, 3 ? c: Kp^nKiR strong KpiiioK't, iiKa, HKO. Note 2. e is inserted after the sibilants a:, '1,111,111,: xajKKiii heavy TAxuaiw, T^SCKI., JKKa, JKKO. II. L and H are changed into e: ropLKin bitter ropeKt. Note. flOCTdfiHHii worthy has ^OCTOHHT. , CToiina, HO and iiCKpeimift sincere has HCKpeHeni., HCBpeHna, HCKpeniio. III. Before CT, x and p (also in some other words), o or e are not inserted: MyftpiiM, wise My^px, TOJICTHM, thick TOJiCTt. Note. The tonic accent is mostly transported to the feminine termination: BtjpuHii, right The declension of the apocopated form takes place only in the possessive adjectives. The possessive adjectives are formed from the genitive singular of Proper Nouns by changing: a into OBT>, osa, OBO a CBX, esa, CBO H HH*, nna, HHO cecTpa, n;ti ., 11,11111,5 11,111111, n,iino ^apH^a, 6paxx, aiysKX, saxL (brother-in-law, sister's husband) and JlKOBX Jacob, form 6paTHHH r &, a, o; nyaennnx, a, o; SHTHHHt, a, o; aKOBJieBTb^ a, o. Declension of apocopated form. Possessive adjectives. HM. neipdBi,, Peter's IleTpoBa HeTpoBO HexpoBH Po. HexpoBa EexpoBoft HeTpoBa HeTpoBHX'L RAT. IlerpoBy UexpOBOH HexpoBy HexpoBHMi, BHH. like H. or P. ILexpoBy IlexpoBO IlexpOBbi or axt Tsop. nexpoBHiwL IlexpoBOii IlexpOBHM'i, IlexpoBHMH Upe^. o IlexpOBOM-B o IlexpoBofi o IlexpoBOMi, o IIexp6BHXi Proper Names having the form of possessive adjectives are de- clined in the same manner. In the prepositional case, however, they nave & instead of OMI.; as: E[yiiiKHH'j> Pushkin; o HyuiKHHi. 71 aiiimal, bitter, ropiidvi camel, Bep6.aK>,fl; r B cloth, cyKn6 conscience, COB'ECTL, H covered, noKpbiii, to dine, o6i^aii> directly, at once, ceiiiaci dung, HaBoat to employ, yn of fish, piiffift food, nnma gravy, noAJTHBKa [H hair, wool,(of some animals) in epcxL, hart's tongue, ojreniH aaiiKi hot, ffiapKiii ill, 6oxm6vi . jester, gpU/y ' dog's kennel, co6a'iui Konypa I like it, MB* to live, JKHTL to live on, to be lost, nponajta/TB, v. B. maidservant, cjiyatanKa f for nothing, aapoMt pharmacy, chemist's shop, airreita quick, SHCTPHH region, cipana rice-soup, PHCOBHH cyni sad, ne4ajiLHHM satisfied, seldom, P-B.HKO skin, K6ata snow, cniri, to take, tasteful, thin, thing, object, Bemt, H tranquil, CFIOKOHHEIH virtuous, voice, rojioc-L wise, Exercise No, 15. 1. Decline in Russian in the singular and plural: the strong boy, the heavy, burden, the fishbone, the hart's tongue, the sister's teacher, the dog's kennel, and afterwaVds translate: The brother's book, the brother's house, in the brother's house, to the brother's child, with the brother's child, the queen's estate, in the queen's estate, the husband's hat to Jacob's dog, of the heavy coat, to the wise player, the worthy sons and daughters. 2. Bep(ta6#b ecTB JKHBOTHOC nojiesnoe RJI 2K,apKHX CTpaHi). iBep6jn65KBe MOJIOKO H MHCO, XOTJI H HO yuoTpe6jr,aeTCfl (is used) irk (as) mimy; HS'L Bep6jiK)3KLeH niepCTH A'.fejraiOTX CVKHO, H ^ame uaBosi, Bep6j6atifi ne npo- na^aeTi. Capon's. PIs'L ojieHBen Koatu ,a; r BJiaK)T:& MHOFO Beni,eH. Bo BpCMH BOHHH JIK)^H HHTaK)TCH Co6aqtHM r E. MHCOMX. BojiKt BT> OBeqLefi niKypi. ByAb ,a;o6p r & H TEJ 6yAemt npe- KpaceH'B. Y Bamefi .joqepii TOJIOC-L CJIHIIIKOM'B oqent ropeKT>. The conscience of the virtuous man is tranquil. This paper is too thin. The pupil is very diligent. The queen's. jester was sad to-day. Jacob's house is very high. The poor child is covered with snow. The life of man is very short. The horse is quick and strong and very useful to man. 72 Questions on Grammar. 1. In what instance do the adjectives insert an o in the apocopated form? 2. In what instances do they insert an e? 3. What is the apocopated form of ^ocToiiuwfi and HCKpeimifi? 4. In what instances are the o or e not inserted? 5. How are the possessive adjectives formed? 6. From which nouns are the possessive adjectives formed in an irregular manner? 7. How are proper nouns having the form of possessive adjectives declined? 8. What is the apocopated form of Conversation. Have you yet dined? Not yet, I am going to dine at once; I am very hungry. Do you like rice-soup? Yes, it tastes very nice. Is not the gravy too bitter? No, I like it very much; I am quite satisfied. Are you going home now? No, I must go to the che- mist's; my father is ill and requires some medi- cine. Where do you live now? We live in Peter-street in the Queen's house. How long will you remain in town? A few days only; I am going to St. Petersburg. I wish you a pleasant jour- ney (good voyage). BH yate em,e, # cefiiacx o6iji;aTL; a oieHi, ro- PHCOBMH cymb? ^a, OHX OICH& BKyceffB. A c6yc$ ne CJIHIIIKOM'B ro- ; A HTTli Bti TenepL ft RQJLW.QR'L B'B anTeKy; MOH 66jieH r B H npHHHMaeTi. Jie- KapCTBa. BH Tenept Mu mHBeM^ na CKOJILKO BpeMenn BH ocTaee- T6CB B-L TOpOjl.'B? .HHCH TOJILKO; a EI> CaHK'ineTep- ,a l 66paro nym 78 Reading Exercise No. 15. Conclusion. OTBiTOMi H nOB6- . . . or- BHSlipK), qTO^H OHt paSCERSaJIt 6MJ CJIOBO Bfc CJIOBO dered . . . for Bee TO, o qeMi COBH pasrosapHBajiH. ,,ficjiH Banie Bejin- Majesty qecTBO npHKasHBaeT^, a ^ojUKeH^ noBHHOBaTBca", CKasaJix commands . I am obliged to obey . BH3Hp&. ,,13THI],BI TOBOpHJIH ^paK^ M63K^y HXl .H.'BTBMH, the marriage H o^na H3-B HHXI CKasajia: ,,H cooacHa Ha 3TOTT& 6paKi., .... . .am consenting . HO cfc ycjiOBieMTB, HTO TH .fljauiL CBOCH j^oqepn naTB.a.ec^T'L under the condition ... . . fifty eHB BI npH^aHoe." ,,CJIH yro^no, a dower . suitable, fit (you wish) efi CTO!" OTB-BHajia raa. an TOJIBKO Bori H flojiryio atH3HB cyjiTany MaxMy,a,y: B-B ero ii.ap- health . long . . . ... CTBOsame neji,ocTaTKa BI onycTomeHHtix^ ^epeBHjx'B He a lack . . oqeHL TponyTX 31010 6acneK). moved . story OH-B Bei'BJi'B BHOBB B^CTPOHTB ropo^a H .nepeBHH, KOTOpue again to build ... 6ELIH pasopeH^i ero CTpacTiro K'B BOHH*; TaKate BI no- passion for . . se- cjii^CTBin OH^ H36'Braji r B nanpacHEix'B BOHH'B H H3t auel . avoided needless sKGCTOKaro THpaea cflfeji&xcs. My^puMi H KPOTKHMI, a cruel tyrant he became a wise mild rocy,a,apeM r &. 74 Sixteenth Lesson. IHecTHajmaTtnfc ypoirt. Degrees of Comparison. The Russian adjective has 3 degrees of comparison: the Positive, the Comparative and the Superlative. The Comparative and Superlative have also a two-fold form: the attributive or full form, and the predicative or apocopated. The Comparative is formed: 1. By adding to the positive the termination Mm iff, Mmaji, Mniee for the full form ,and *e for the apocopated: cjia6HH weak, cjiafiMmiH, an, ee, cjia6 r fe'e. 2. By prefixing the adverb 66jrfce more, to the po- sitive: 66jrfee npufTHHH more agreeable. Note 1. Adjectives terminating in rift, Kift, xifr form their comparative in aimiin, aa, ee for the full and in e for the apoco- pated form, after having changed the preceding consonant r, K, x into a;, ^5 mj as: cxporifi severe CTpox&ftmift, CTpoaiej .ierid ft easy aerqdfiinift, Jierie. Many adjectives in rifi, Kin, xift have no full form in the Comparative. Note 2. Adjectives in fltift, jjoft. Ttift, CTwft also take e in the apocopated form of the Comparative, after having changed ,a, into a: ; T into i; CT into m;: TOJICTHM thick TOJiCTBtiiiiift, T6jnu,e. The words HCSKCJIH, H*MX, TUSIKE than, are usually omitted after the Comparative, but then the following noun is placed in the genitive case; as: JI^TO npiaTH'fee 3HMii summer is more agreeable than winter. The superlative. The full or attributive form of the Superlative is formed: 1. By placing caMiiif, cauiaa, oe before the posi- tive or by prefixing nan, Bee, npe(*) to the comparative; as: caMHil npi^THHH the most agreeable, BCCMIIJIOCTH- irMiiiiii the most gracious. 2. By using the full form of the comparative Mmiir, afimifi witli the words H.TB of all. list Bciixt is often omitted: jryiinifi (HSTE. best (of all). The apocopated or predicative form of the superlative is formed by adding Bcero or sctxt to the apocopated form of the comparative; as: secna npiiiTHte BC'fex'B BpeMeH'B, Spring is the most agreeable season. (*) Sometimes npe added to the positive forms the Superlative: 76 agreeable, clean, copper, December, France, 3?paHn,i;i gold, SOJIOTO iron, lazy, idle, long, lasting, malignant, metal, object, Paris, precious, dear, silver, cepeSpo sharp, ocTpufi short, brief, spring, summer, thick, TOJTCTHH wild beast, 38-BpB, a. Exercise No. 16. 1. Form the Comparative and Superlative in Russian of strong, weak, agreeable, thin, severe, thick, simple, quiet; and afterwards translate: The summer is more agreeable than the winter. The child is much weaker to-day than yesterday. The father is more severe than the mother. The brother is lazier than the sister. What is winter than paper? Your lesson is easier than mine. The summer is hotter than the spring. The Longest day and the shortest night are on (gen.) the ninth of June (^esaTaro Irona). 2. CnoKoimaa COB^CTB flparonTEHHte aojioxa H cepe6pa. H ne Bcer.a.a necqacTH'fee 6oraTux r B. Cntri* 6yMarn. Kniira yiHTejia nojiesnie .HHAHHOH. Cecxpa 6paTa, HO 6paTi> ropasjio*) yMHie cecTp6. caMFjfi KpacHBHH ropOAt ^pan^H. Becna nasH- caMWMi npiaxHUMt BpeMeneH^ r6,a;a. KpaTqafiHiifi H ,11,0 jiiKafi man HO^L 6uEsnoTT> ,a;eB#raro (on the ninth) Snow is the whitest object. The wolf is the most ma- lignant wild beast. The uncle's knife is sharper than that of Jacob, but the father's knife is the sharpest of all. Copper is more precious than iron; silver is more pre- cious than copper, but gold is the most precious of all metals. *) Note. The word ropa3#o added to the apocopated form of the comparative intensifies the quality whilst the prefix no detracts from it: ropasflo CHJiBidje much stronger; nocja6ie a little weaker. 76 Questions on Grammar. 1. How is the comparative in the apocopated termination formed? 2. How is the comparative of adjectives terminating in rift, Kitt 5 xiii formed ? 3. How are the comparative and superlative of adjectives in ^WH and TLJH formed? 4. How is the English "than" rendered in Russian? 5. What is the effect of the word rop&s^o? 6. What is the effect of the preposition no when added to an ad- jective? Conversation. Who is the laziest pupil in your school? In our school John is the laziest pupil, but Theodore is the oldest and the most attentive one. Whose work was the neatest to-day? I think it was Alexander's or John's. How do you like the counte- nance of the German teacher? His countenance is dis-agree- able and I do not like him, but the countenance of the French teacher is much more agreeable. Are you also learning the Russian language? Yes, I have already begun to learn Russian. Can you speak it yet? Yes, I speak it a little. KTO B^ BaineM^ yqHjraiii,? Bi HauieMi. ymiranrB 9e,a,op r L caHHii cTapuiiii H CaMHH BHHMaTeJTLHHH. Koro 6ujra cero^ea canaa pa6oTa? y AjieKcaH,n;pa HJIH y Hfiana. npaBHTCfl Biipa- jiHD,a y^HTCJia H'i- Men,Karo astiKa? Ero JTHU,6 HenpiaTHo, H & ero HC JiK)6jiio; HO JIH^a y^HTejiJi CKaro jJ3WKa ropas^o npi- JIH BH T03K6 pyC- (nopyccKn)? , a yaie na^aji'B yqHTLca HO pyccKH. nopyccKH? TOBOpK) HeMHOSKKO. 77 Reading Exercise No. 16. Myn, Jester . IIIyTKH BajiaKHpeBa HpaBHJiHCB EleTpy BejiHKOMy no- The jests . pleased Tony, ITO OH* no Bcer,a;a OTjnmajEHCB ocTpoyMiearB, ... almost always excelled in ingenuity BecejiocTLio, H HepiflKO 3aK.nKm.iH B^ ce6i noyiHTejiBHyio in good humour not seldom contained . . instructive npaB^y, KOTOpyro TaKi> juo6tijn> IleTpTb. BOTI> HiKoxopEie truth which so much liked . Here are some nsfc aneK^OTOBi,, ^oiueAniax^ ji.0 nacTb. of anecdotes that have come down to us I. HtKTo BCTpiTHJica c'B BajiaKHpeBMMi, H cnpocHJii> Somebody met . . . ero: ,,Kor^,a TH yMpemL, .nypaK-L?" BaJiaKapeB'B oTBtqaji'L: . . . will (you) die fool ,,H ne snaK), KajKeTca, ^TO nocjii Te6a, noioMy I ITO BT> it seems . . . because CHHCK-B flypaKOBTb CToro ropas^o Hiime Te6a." TOTX the list . I stand much lower . . became majica H He 3Ha.it, confused II. B-B O^HOM-B co6paniH 6610 MHoatecTBO HHHOBHH- gathering (meeting) . a number KOBX, Bt TOMt nncJii naxo^HJica H BajiaKHpeBt. OAHHI, found himself npHABOpHHH, ace^iaa OAypaHHTL BajiaKiipeBa, cnpocHjn, ero courtier wishing to make a fool of . ,,,Il,aBH6 JIVL TH CTajii. AypaKOMt, BajiaKHpeB'6 ?" ,,0^ T-BXX Is it long since . . . . since nopt, KaK-B TH nepecTajit 6HTB yMHtiMi,, a BpeneHH, ceased . wise npaBo, He ynoMHro." Bci TOOTH sacniajiHCB, HO TOJIBKO He rightly . I remember . guests laughed . 78 Seventeenth Lesson. Irregular formations. The following adjectives form their Comparative irre- gularly. 6jiH3KiH, near fJjiHJKafiinifi, 6jiajKe 6oraTBift, rich SoraiitiiniH, 6oraie BejHKift, great 66jitmiif, 66jn>ine BHCORIH, high BHcmift, BHUIC rjiaflKifi, smooth rjasse rycr65, thick rycTd&Miniff, ryme iff, long jtojitrae , cheap fleraeBJ[e ifi, distant xaABii&iiiiiH, ^aJiBine :, small MeHLmiii, Menbiiie (Jienie) young MJia.niniH, MOJi6ate ifi, low, vile HHSinin, Hiiate npocToii, simple npocT^fimiS, npoiu,e CTapHH, old cTapinifi, ciapme TsepAHfi, hard, firm TBepjiiHin xoporaiii, good jiyiuiiff, Jiyiine xy^ofi, bad xy^uiiH, xyate f, frequent lacritmift, pure 'THCTiiiiiiiM, ^nme ifi, broad HiHpoiaHiiiiH, iiinpe. The following five adjectives have an irregular Super- lative. Comp. 66jn>DiiH, Sup. BHCOKIH, BHCDlifi, BHCOiafimiH HH3K1H, HHSfflifi, ciapHH, The student will observe the difference between the comparative forms of the following adjectives and the similar adverbs: Comp. ^oiBine, longer Adv. floate, a longer time flajiLine, more distant, ^a.ite, farther TOHKIH, ToiiLine, thinner, TOH'fee, thinner CoJibiiie, larger, * 6oJii;e, more MeHBine, smaller, Meate, less. 79 Asia, Asia apple-tree, attentive, bear, Me^st country-house, ,naia deep, rjiy66Kifi the Dnieper, ^H-frnpi, grandfather, ;dbyiiiKa grandmother, Cao'yiiiKa England, Holland, linen, 6"ijii>e, London, mountain, ropa [BH^HO obviously, evidently, UOH,HTHO, one- pear tree, rpyuiesoe #epeBO rare, silk, southern, IDJKHLIH the Volga, BoJira. Exercise No. 17. Form in Russian the comparative and superlative of long, high, low, rich, smooth, small, broad, young, and afterwards translate: 1. The Volga is broader, deeper and greater than the Dnieper. The highest mountain is in Asia. Cloth is cheaper than silk. The days in the month of June are longer than those in May. The queen's country-house is much more distant than you think. The aunt is much younger than the uncle, but the uncle is taller than the aunt. I am richer to-day than I was yesterday. 2. Kniira Hiiuiero yMHTeJia .nenieujie KHHFH nauiero oTu,a KTO Jiyqffle OTija H Maxepn? CecTpa ciapnie 6pa r ra. JIoH- AOHX BejiMHaSniifl ropo^t BI Mipi. OH^ caMHH CTapmifi H caMHH BHHMaTeiLHtiH yqeHHK-L. JI,OMI> A^yniKH BHme H Jiyqnie AOMa 6a6yniKH. Mope caaioe rjiy6oqaHiuee nso scixT) BOfli^ UoMicTLe Kopojifl 6jni3Ke EX ropo^y ^MI> noMicTLe ero KasHa^ea. 3-aTHHH^ cjiyra Moioate 6paTHHHa. The bear is stronger than the wolf, but the wolf is more malignant than the bear. Good people are scarcer than bad ones. The best linen is made in Holland. The apple-tree stands a little farther off than the pear-tree. The moon is smaller than the stars, but it is nearer to the earth. 80 Questions on Grammar. 1. Mention some adjectives that form the comparative irregularly. 2. What is the superlative of Be.niKiii J 3. What is the comparative of xopoinift? 4. What is the comparative of 5. What is the superlative of c 6. What is the comparative of Conversation. Who is richer, your eldest brother or my youngest sister? I think my brother is not so rich as your sister. Tell me, which wind is warm- er, the south or the north wind? The south wind is obviously warmer than the north wind. Which is bigger, the sea or the lake? The sea is bigger and deeper than the lake. Do you know what a "cloud" is? A cloud is nothing else but vapour; that is, scarcely perceptible little drops of water. What is the place called where a river discharges itself into another river? The place where a river dis- charges itself into another river or into the sea, is called the mouth (of the river). KTO 6oraie, TBOH cTapmifi 6pa r r6, HJIH Moa Mjia^inaa cecipa ? eTCfl, ITO MOH 6paT r B ne TaK 6oraTi>, cecipa. MHi, icaKOH Teniie, K>}KHHH HJIH ct- BepHHH? ^eBH^HO H)3KHHH njiie ^TO 66jiMne, rjry6jKe Mope 66jii>nie osepa. Snaexe JIH BH, TO) , 66jiaKO? 06jiaKO ecTL napt, TO ecTt HVTB npn- nasHBaeTCJi MCTO Bna^aeTi, B-L ryro piny? MicTo r^i p^K B'B ,a;pyryK) piKy HJIH Mope 81 Reading Exercise No. 17. III. Cnacafl ^pyriixt, BaJiaKHpeB'B yM-EJifc ci> HCKJCTBOM'B others . . cnacaxL H caMoro ce6a or& rn-feBa ijapCKaro. himself from wrath royal rocyAapB qpesBBmaimo na Hero pa.3cepAH.acji, nporHa.n'B ero extremely . . became angry turned away OTT> ce6a H Aa^e 3anpexHJii> eaiy ciynaxB na pyccKyro . also (even) prohibited . to walk . Russian 36MJIK). BajiaKiipeBi, noBHHOBaJica H BH-fexaji't HS'B lle r rep- soil . submitted, . . left 6ypra. CnycT^ H-BCKOJILKO ^HCH rocyAaps, cii;i,a y OKHa, After . . . seated (sitting) at BHAHT-B npoiajKaiomaro MHMO ABopija na Taiiri BajiaKH- driving past palace . four-wheeled cart peBa. B'L CHJIBHOMI. rniBii BLi6iiraeTi OHT> Ha yjiHii,y, . wrath he runs out ... npo:B33Kaji'L iiiyT'B, H KpHHHTi, Ha Hero: ,,KaKX TH the jester . ... did dare ocjyiiiaTLCfl Moero noBe.rinm H JIBHTBC^ onaTL Ha MOGH to disobey command . to appear again ,,THme, THine, pyccKifi n,api>! Si He Ha TBOCH scaurfe, Calmer . . ..... oTB r f> T ia.i f & BaiaKiipeBi). ,,KaKi He na Moeii ,,,Ha EOTE KaK'B: seauia BTB TejiirL, na KOTOpon a cHJKy, ne But . . . . . . .am seated . TBori, a niBeACKaa! ^TO BBHJII.? IIponi,aH!" H CKasasi, Swedish . . having said 3x0, BajiaKHpesi, npOAOJiatajii. cnoKofmo nyTB CBOH. Tocy- . . continued tranquilly AapL pacxoxoTiuca STOH ocxpoyMHon BLiAyMKi, nocjiajn) burst out laughing . sharp - witted invention sent BOPOTHTL ero H o6iiin,aJix npomenie. to recall . . promised forgiveness. 82 Eighteenth Lesson. BoceinHd/maTHH The Pronoun. I. Personal Pronouns. SINGULAR. First Person. PLURAL. H a, I MCHfl JJaT. MB* BHH. MeeA TfiOp. MHOK) Ilpej. 060 MB* HM. TH, thou BHH. Tfiop. To66ro Ilpe*. o xedi MM. OH-B, he Pofl. ero ^aT. eMy BHH. ero Teop. HMI . o Heir& HM. ona, she POA- ea JI,aT. ew BHH. ee Teop. e o uefi HM. OHO, it PGA- ero ,II,aT. eMy BHH. ero TBOp. HM'fc o MH, we Hac-L Second Person. BH sac-L Baci o isaci Person. masc. OHH HX-B HM'b HX-B HMH HMXi fern, oui HXi HM'i, HXT. HMH HUX'i neuter. OHH HM'B HX'L HMH HHX-B. Note 1. The accusative is always like the genitive, except in the third person fern. sing. Note 2. After a preposition the personal pronoun of the third person takes an initial H: ci> to advise, I advise, a. cosixyio agaia, onaxB always, scer^a altogether, entirely, wholly, BHOJI- Ht, COBCiMl to ask, npocrixB to believe, B^PHTL carriage, Kapexa debt, AOJir-B to depend, to divert, s flight, to forget, 3a6HBaxB, to help, IIOMOIB to laugh, letter, iraci>M6 little, music, out of, HSI (c. gen.) owl, cosa parents, pOflnxejiH to place, put, nocaflHXB, noMicxniB to produce, nponsBOflHXB to refuse, oxKaaaiB to remember, IIOMHHTB scarcely, singing, to be sorry, to supply, valuable, Exercise No. 18. 1. The parents love us and we love the parents. With me you may (Moateie) speak Russian. I have seen him with you in the garden. The teacher is satisfied with me and with you. They are in the room. 2. TOBOpHJIH JIH BH Ci HHMTb, HJIH CT> H6K) ? # AOBOJieHt To6oK), a ero a ne ^OBO-ient. HCM^ roBopMH najio, a o Bacfc O^CHB MHoro. H ee noca ( a,HJi r b Bt Kapexy. ^afi CH CTaKan r B ^aK). ^at eMy KycoKx xjii6a. OHT. Bcer,a,a TOBO- PHTI. o 166^. H ea BOBce ne SHaro. r^fe TH CIIJ'B ce- roAHa? H nHcaJKB HHCLMO. OAOJiacn (lend) MHi nosyio KHiiry. Ona ne y Mena a y A^H. & .nyMaJTB, HTO oaa y Te6^[. Bort ci. 106610. Ba^ii HpaBHTca My3HKa, 3a6aBM6T'B ninie. H coo^Ka HOMEHTTJ KTO ee Poccia nponsBOAHTTb CTOJILKO xjii6a, HTO cna6:KaeT^ H ^pyria (other) rocyji,apCTBa. COBH JiexaroTi THXO; y We are speaking about them and you are laughing. Do you see them? They are in the garden. She is very beautiful. You must not forget that time is more valuable than gold. I want the book now, for I must read out of it. If yot* will be so good. It does not depend upon (OTTE>) me. I scarcely believe it. You may (moatexe) believe me. 84 Questions on Grammar, 1. What is the accus. sing, of 2. Translate: for you, for us. 3. In what instances do the personal pronouns take an initial H? 4. When is the accus. of the pronouns like the genitive? 5. Translate: with her, with you, with them. Conversation. What did Mr. N. want here? He asked me again for money, but I refused him as he is already much in debt(transl.has many debts.) Has he not yet been to see you? Yes, he was with me yester- day, and I told him I was very sorry for him but could not help him. What do you intend to do? I do not know. What do you advise me to do? W 7 ait for me, I shall be back soon and then we shall see. When will you return? I shall soon return. 1 shall await you. I shall be eternally grateful to you. Do not mention it (transl.: it does not deserve any thanks); I have only done my duty (what I was ob- liged to do). 33>CL ^jiajrt rocno- flHH'B H.? OH-B OHHTL HPOCHJTB y Mena , HO a eMy OTKa- A y sac'B OHI, e'me He 6ujn> ? y B i ie- pa, HO a eMy OieHL COSKcttttH) He'MI,, HO He Mory eny BH naMipemi JI ne 3HaK). BH MH^ COB^TyCTe H Tor,a,a MH Kor.ua BLI B jl cKopo B03Bpam,ycB. vfl Baci. 6y^,y 3K^aTB. fl. BO B-BKTb BaMt 6 6jia- He CTOHT^ 6jiaroiapHociH; a TOJIBKO c^tjiaji^ TO, HTO a ofijfsaHfc 6nji r B 85 Reading Exercise No. 18. K'B O,H;HOM# Kyniijy B$ IIeTep6ypr4, npes'B FECKOJIBKO in . months nocjiii ateHHTBtfn -HBjraeTca Barop-BjBifi H sanHJieHBiiu wedding appears sunburnt . covered with dust ,,MOJio^eni'L" BI gyHK-B H KapTyst ,,Hauie pani. CTB . . ." young fellow . . . travelling cap ,,Te6i iero?" ,,61^ ^AyniKH Bamero HSI To66^tCKa. npHKas^HKax-B y nero cym.ecTByeM'B." -- ,,4, OTI . we exist . . . . . Garnet, ca^HCt . . . Hy, TTO CTapHKi?" ,,Bce Sit down . . . how is the old man Bor# ci. BicioiKy Ban^ npneec-B." ,,CnacH6o. A message . . Thanks CKOpie." ,,Cefiqac r B, cy^apt. HsBOJiLTe TOJILKO sa quickly Sir . for a barber to send . what for Ha^o MB/B cnaqajia rojiOBy npo6piiTB, a to shave . H npOHTeie." Kyneu.'B BCHOMHIO^, Tro ero jt$R r i> SOJIOTO- . you will read . . .... npoMiiiujreHHHKi caMO^yp^ H opnrHHaji'B Heo6uqanHHH. ... uncommon TIOCJiaJlH 3a U;EIplbjIBHHKOMi, c6pHJIH ,,MOJTO^,I],y" BOJIOCa. ,,no3KajiyfiTe ^HTafiTe - ci . . ." CKasajit TOT%, If you please . . . offering ro-ioBy. Ha o6iiajKeHHOM% TeMenn oKasajiHCB HanHcanHUMH hare KpacoMH cjii^yioni.^ cjiOBa: ,,no3,n;paBJiaK) ie6rf H MOJIO- colonrs the following . I congratulate . . the young Ayxy. Sanncajii, sac^ BS saB^n^aHie na 700000. By.3,1 woman . . . the will . . Fare- 3,3,0 pOB'B." well Nineteenth Lesson. fteBflTH&;a;ii;aTHH II. Possessive Pronouns. a) SINGULAR. PLURAL. HM. Mofi Moa nee, mine MOH Pofl. Moero MOGH Moero MOHX-B ,HaT. MoeMy MOH MoeMy MOHM-B, BHH. Moero or MOH MOJO MOG * MOHX-B Teop. MOHMt Moero MOHMX MOHMH Upe,H. MOe'MT> MOeft MOGMl MOHXt Like MOH are declined TBOH, TBO# TBO& thine and CBOH, CBori, CBoe his her, or its own. b) SINGULAR. PLURAL. HM. Harai naraa name, our Poj. Haraero Haraefi nainero Jl^ar. naraeMy nameH nameMy BHH. naraero or Hann> namy Hauie Tuop. HarnHMi, iiameio HaiuuMi, o naineM'fc oameH naraeM'b Like narat is declined the pronoun Banr&, Bama, same your, yours. - - The genitives ero, eii, ero, u\j> are used as possessive pronouns of the third person. They are not declined in this case and take no H after a preposition. They agree in gender and number with the possessor; as: Run ero cecTpn for his sister; BX ero ca#]f in his garden; a BH,U,&IT> etf OTu;a I saw her father. The reflective pronouns are CBOH and cetftf. The pronoun CBOH is used when referring to the subject of the sentence; it is translated in this case also by my, thy, our, your according to circumstances; as: a BH.H.'E.I'B CBoero OTn,a I saw my father; ona BH^ijia CBoero OTija she saw her father; BH BH^JIH csoero OTH,a you saw your father; ce6ri oneself, is used for all genders and numbers and is declined in the following manner: ce6tf, ceO'JB, ce6a, co66ro, (o) ce6 r ]&. It is translated, according to circumstances by myself, thyself &c. The reflective Conjugation: SINGULAR. Present tense. PLURAL. a yMHsajEOCt, I wash myself TH yMHBaemBCfl,thouwashest thyself OHI, a, 6 yMHBaexcfl, he, she, it washes himself, herself, itself MBI yMHBaeMca, we wash ourselves BH yMHeaerecB, you yourselves OHH, i yMHBaroxca, they wash themselves 87 cnoKofiHHH absence, oicyTCTBie air, BOSflyxi to bathe, Kyna/rBca before, to buy, calm, COld, to defend, to dress, duty, exactly, T6iHO to extend, friend, f., no^pyra glove, hen, Kypnua here is, uoit to intend, have the intention, na- large, spacious, npociopHBiH near, relation, 6jrHJKHin proposal, npefljrojReirie to rely, nojiaraiBca to remain, OCT&TBCH strength, under, Exercise No. 19. 1. Decline in Russian in the singular and plural: my new book, thy old hat, thy rich uncle, our house, your garden, and afterwards translate: Here is your book. I have my own now. Our teacher speaks with us about our country. Your life is as valuable as ours. You must always defend your friends (even) in their absence. In summer it is very agreeable to bathe in cold water. Do you bathe? They are bathing, they are undressing, he is dressing himself, she is bathing, we are dressing ourselves. 2. YienHKH Bamero 6ojn>ra6ro ymjmma He O^CHB npn- Moii 6pa r T6 ocTaeica 3ji,iiCB, HO Mori cecTpa IIOH- CT. Haara nocMOTpiTB sasuT, ca^. , ITepqaTKH MOHX^B cecTept 6$JiH H ji;6porH. YIDH Baraen KOUIKH BCJIHKH. By^BTe BipHH CBoefi o6a3aHHocTH, j^ijiaHTe ^o6po 6JIH3KHHM'B CBOHMGE,. Our parents are great friends of yours. Under our feet the calm sea extends itself and above us (Ha.n'B c. instr.) we see*the clouds. Do not rely too much upon your own strength. I intend to speak with my father about your proposal. 88 Questions on Grammar. 1. flow is the reflective pronoun CBOH rendered in English? 2. Translate: she saw her sister and: he saw his sister. 3. In what instance do you say fljia ero instead of ,a;jia nero", or HS* ea instead of list i?ea2 4. How is ceOa rendered in English? 5. Translate: a CBOIO iaTB and: TH CBOJO Conversation. Where does your father live? He lives in his own house; he bought it from our neighbour and paid a great deal of money for it. How many rooms are there in your house? I cannot tell you exactly, but the rooms are very spacious and the air in them is very pure. Have you also a garden? Yes, before our windows is a large garden. I often play there with my sister and her friend. Whom do you love better (more) your father or your mother? I have no father; he died six years ago. Is Russia your native land? Yes. I was born in Saint Petersburg. JKHBeTB Bfc CBOeM'B , ont ero KynnjFB y Haniero cod^a, H sanjia- sa nero MHOFO ^e- sa- CKOJILKO KOMHaTi ne aiory EB.WL TO^HO, HO KOMHaTH 6 l ieHB npocTOpnu H B'B HHXi O^eHB 1HCTX. Bact CCT.B Toate a, npe^i HauiHMH jieatHTi) 6ojn>ui6fi TaMt qacTO ryjuaro ci. Moefi . cecTpofi H ci ea no- Koro BH Bainero OTii,a HJIH Bainy MaTL? Y MCH^ H^T^ OTija; OH^ raecTB jiiT'B Tony Bama po^HHa Poccif? JI,a. ^ po^Hjca B'L CaHKT- neTep6yprii. Reading Exercise No, 19, HMnepaTpHija OHCHB atejiaia BWBTB ateey EajiaKHpeBa to see H npocnjia ero nosnaKOMHTB ee ci Hero, ^TO OHI. o6'Biii,aji r B to make acquainted ... . promised HC1IOJIHHTB, KaKt CKOpO 6y ( H,eTTb El TOMJ y^,66HO to fulfil as soon as . . . a convenient rocy^apL ycji6majii Heo6uKHOBeHHEiH .. . clamour, rojrocoBt Ha nojioBHH'B HMnepaTpHU.il. of women's . . apartments iK)6onHTCTBOM r & rocy.n.apB BXO^HTT& KI> Impelled by curiosity H sacTaeT-L TaMi meny BajiaKHpeBa. Oot oni finds . . . Both they o^na ^pyrofi H pasrosapHBajiH TaKHM'B 66pa30Mi> were shouting to each other . . in this manner MesKAy co66ro. IlocJii nepsaro HsyMjienia rocy^apB yseaeTi, the first astonishment . learns oii HMnepaTpHii,H, ITO meaa BajraKHpesa KI HecqacxiK) . . unfortunately myxa H ^TO ona npHHya^eH o^enB rpoMKo c^ neio deaf ... is obliged loud . a BaiaKHpeBa, Kor^a ycjiamajia, ^TO rocy.u.ap 1 * P^3- she heard . . con- ct HivmepaTpHij.eK) o6HKHOBeHHHMi, rojiocoMi, verses . . ordinary H3yMjuieTca H noooHHBiuHCB rocy^apiiHi npocirrB y having bowed . asks . npomeHifl, ^TO 6e3noKOHjia ee CBOHMI> KPHKOM^. forgiveness . had troubled . her with shouting 90 Twentieth Lesson. J^Ba/maiim ypoist. III. Demonstrative Pronouns. SINGULAR. HM. 3TOTT, Pofl. 3Toro ^ET. 3TOMy BHH. STOTT, or aioro TfiOp. dTHMl o6i> STOMI, HM. TOT-B Toro BHH. TOTB or ior6 Tsop. TiM-B Ilpe,?. o TOMI HM. ceii Po*. cer6 Aai. ceuy BHH. cefi or cer6 Teop. CHMI o 3TOH 3TOH 3TOTO 9TOH 9TO, this 3TOFO 9TOMy 3TO 3THM1 STOMX TOH TOH Ty TOK) TOH TO, that TOFO TOMy TO TOMl cia ceft ce cero cero cen cie cero ceMy cie CHM-b CGMl PLURAL. 9TH 9THMI 9TH Or 3THXt 3THMH 06-L 3THX-B Ti i-fe or T' o cin CHXX CHM1> ciii or CHXI CHMH CHXt The other demonstrative pronouns: xaKOH, aa, 6e such; xaKOBOH, aa, oe -such a one; OHiiir, oiiaii, onoe this one or that one; TO.nnjiit, aa, oe so great a, are declined like adjectives with the only difference that TtiKoft and TaKOBOH have in the genitive singular masc. and neuter ero instead of aro. Note, cefi and OHM ft are rarely used. Toaiiidft is obsolete; TaKOBOH has also an apocopated form TaKOBt, a, 6. Reflective conjugation. SINGULAR. Past tense. PLURAL. a yMHBajica, Jiact, I washed myself TH yMHBajica, Jiacb, thou washedst thyself OH-B yMHBajica, he washed himself ona yMHBajiacb, she herself OHO yMHBajocL, it itself MH yMHBajiHCB, we washed ourselves BH yMHBajiHCB, you ,, yourselves OHH \ oni >yMHBajHCB, they washed them- OHH I selves 91 fate, destiny, cyA&6a, from, on, generous, glad, pa^fc to hear, cjiymait lady, flama little river, pifKa to become acquainted, MHTLCfl to marry (when speaking of the woman), BBIHTH sa minute, MHayra moment, Mi'HOBeirie news, H6BOCTL the present, question, Bonpoci quick, to receive, to repair, reply, OTB-BTB to trouble oneself, to trust, to hope, wall, wooden, way, manner, nyiB, 66pasi>. Exercise No. 20. 1. Decline in Russian in the singular and plural: this high window, this wooden spoon such a handsome pre- sent, that generous reply; and afterwards translate: What did they hear about this? Such was his reply to this question. These books are dearer (more expensive) than those. Those pupils who work less will know less. This wooden wall must be repaired. Did he bathe? he was dressing himself, they were dressing themselves; we bathed, they bathed, they had the intention, we had the intention. 1. CqacTJiHB'B TOTS, KTO flOBOJieHfc CBoeio cyAt66io. Cjiy- BI> 3Ty (caMyro) inmyTy npnmejii) QTQU,T>. OH-B STUM'S OTBiTOMT,. MH KynaJIHCB Bfc TOH EJ> TO MFHOBeHie. BT. 9TOMI ca^y a BH / a,iji'& Baniero 6paTa ci> oient HOH AaMofi. TaKHMi> odpasoMi) MH Ha^injiHCL npii- CKOpte flOMOH. MOH HOBHH J^JFTo CHHt TOFO y^H- TQJLft. I bought myself this hat. This old merchant is very rich. His sons are living in this house. His daughter made the acquaintance of my sister and your brother yesterday. What did they tell you about my little sister? You saw her in the house of our aunt when you read to as that beautiful book. 92 Questions on Grammar. 1. Translate: You had the intention. 2. What is the difference between xaKoS and TanoB6ii? 3. What is the difference in declension between OHHH and 4. What is the difference between TRKOH and TaKOB-L? 5. How is the English ,,so great a" rendered in Russian? 6. How is the English ,,that" and ,,that one" rendered in Russian? Conversation. From whom did you receive this letter to-day? I received this letter from my friend. Do you know that my sister is married? Yes, I have heard the news and am very glad of it. And you, are you satisfied with the news? I have nothing to say to it. You think that her husband is too poor? No, I do not trouble myself about that at all. What is he employed on at present ? It seems, he is now engaged in some trade. Do you not know what trade it is? No, I do not know. At that time when I saw him, he was still rich. OTT> Koro BH ceroflna nojiy- HHJIH 9TO DHCLMO? fl HOJiyiHJI'B 9TO HHCBMO OTJt Moero Apyra. BH 3HaeTe, HTO Moa cecxpa 3Ty HOBOCTB H oieflL pa^t 9TOMy. A BH - TO ^OBOJILHH 9TOH HOBOCTBK) ? R naqero He Mory BH A/MaeTe, MTO MyjK'B e^ CJHIIUEOM'b 6 r E^eH r L. , O. TOM-L COBCtMi EC 6e3HOK010CB. oHt TenepB ITO OH-B TenepB o Top- BH ne snaeie, TTO 9TO sa ToproBjia ? H6 3HaK). TO BpeMfl, Kor^,a a ero OHI. 6uji r L en;e Reading Exercise No. 20. (Continuation.) Ona" pascKasajia, HTO Myatx ea yB r pnji r & ee, ITO her had assured BejraqecTBo oienB Kpiiraa na yxo H cTporo Majesty . hard, strong . ear (hard of hearing) severely eft, qTo6n ona He jKajrkiia rojroca csoero RJIH. . . she spare voice HMnepaTpnija ci CBOCH CTOposH o6i>jiBHJia, HTO Bajia- declared TO ate CKasaJit efi npo CBOK) aceny H AOJrro ne . concerning . ... not npHBecTH ee KX HCH, TaKi. KaK^ 6oicfl odes- did consent to bring her as . he was afraid HOKOHTB HMIiepaTpHUJ H C^HTaJII. HenpHJIH T IHlIM r B SaCTaBHTB . he considered not proper to oblige KpniaTB ee c^ CBoefi atenoro. TocyAapt H rocy.fl.apHHfl to shout ... . . MHOTO cM'MjiHCL 9TOH fflyxK r B CBoero jiEo6HMu;a. they laughed . . . favourite II. flp CBt^iHifl HMnepaxopa IlaBJia 40111.16, ^T the knorwledge . ... HSfc o(j)Hii,epoBi, neTep6yprcKaro rpenaflepCKaro grenadier HaMipeBaeica 64aiaTL sa rpaHHD,y. Focy.a.apB purposes . abroad noTpefioBajn. ero KT> ce6i. ,,CnpaBe ( a 1 JiHB r B JIVL cjiyxi*, ^TO TH correct . rumour xoieniB diacaTB sa rpaHHii;y ?" rposno cnpocnjix HMnepaTopi>. . . sternly ,,npaB^a, rocy^apB/' oTBiqaji'L CM^Jitifi H yMHufl o the creditors . do not let noHpaBHjica IlaBJiy, HTO OH-B Be.ii^ Bti^axB o$Hii;epy he ordered cyMMy .neoer-B H KynHTB RJIR Hero, Ha cqeii a considerable sura of money . . . at the expense of the crown a travelling carriage 94 Twenty-first Lesson. /^B^niaTB ne"pBH# ypoict. IV. Relative and Interrogative Pronouns. a) HM. KTO, who Pofl. Koro JJax. KOMy BHH. Koro TBOp. K-EM-B o KOMI SINGULAR. HTO, which iero TEM'B o IGM-B PLURAL. HM. Poa. BHH. left or HBer6 Tsop. o i, whose jr6 iBCMy HBHM-B ^BH Or qBHX'B %HMH 1B6H MB6H ^BH) IBCK) ^BGH The other relative pronoun: KOTOpufi, aa, oe which (who), is declined like an adjective. b) The interrogative pronouns are KaKOH, an, 6e which, what (declined like TaKoifr, having oro in the gen. sing. masc. and neuter) and the relative pronouns KTO, HTO, Heft, ROTOpuu, when employed in interrogative sen- tences. Reflective Conjugation. Future tense. SINGULAR. a 6yiy yMHBaiBCfl, I shall wash myself TH 6y^emB thou wilt wash thyself OHT> oy^ext he will himself OHa she herself OHO it itself PLURAL. we shall wash ourselves you will yourselves they themselves, MU BH 6y^6Te oini) oni > 6yAemi OHH I 95 to build, construct, CTp6HTB v. a. bush, Kycri, to cause, npHiHHaTL, HHTB clear, CB^TJIHH to contain, sanjioHaTB could, Mort dangerous, onacHbiS dress, to feel, fever, jr tO flow OUt, BBITCKaTB fortress, KptnocTi,, fresh, cool, guest, TOCTL, a illness, I imprudence, HeocTOp6atnocTB intelligence, nonarie learned, yieHBift ' memory, nauaiB, H mistake, omii6Ka little Peter, Herpyraa; Heia poison, wb progress, ycirfex-B rampart, saj-B shiver, chill, 030661. SOUrce, HCTOIHHK'B ' success, ycnfa, tablespoon, untrue, Exercise No. 21. 1. Decline in Russian in the singular and plural: Whose new waistcoat, which white handkerchief whose dress, what old servant; and afterwards translate: Of whose books about whose memory with which reply who was here? whose mistake is it? Why do you think that you must (.nojuKen^) know less than he who is older than you? What a pleasure it was for the parents when they heard of his success. I do not like people whose words are untrue With whom were you talking? We are obliged to walk with the guest who came to us last night. 2. Bi iBHXfc pyKaxt saina cy ( a,i>6a? HS-B Kanoro tfepesa Kopa6jiH? Crlma, uoippaa OKpyjKaeTfc KpinocTt, . OBI, npKuiejn> K$ CB^ateMy HCToiHHKy, HSl. HO^TE. KyCTa. BT> TJ3HQ MHHyTy OHI> 03n66 r B. jjAxi,", CKasaji^ MajieHKiii IleTp^ma, noAynaTB ^TO STOTI. CBiiJitiH HCTOHHHK'B BI ce6t TaKO& onacnuH axi>\" Ho oxeii,!* HeTpyinn CKasajnb: ,,He HCTO^HHKI npnqHHH.i'L Te6i 9Ty6o- JTE3HB, a TBOa nCOCTOpOaiHOCTB". What a learned man your father is. In whose book did you read yesterday? With whom did you talk? The pupils whose intelligence is finer, make better progress. Of whose faults are they talking? KOTOpLIH nonyBCT ,,KTO 6u 96 Questions on Grammar, 1. What is the difference between KOTOpwtt and 2. What is the genitive sing, of KOTopufi ? 3. What is the difference between qBH) and 4. What is the difference between *iero and Mi>ero, 5. What is the origin of the particle ca added to reflective verbs ? Conversation. What is the matter with you? I have a headache and fever. Take a tablespoon of this medicine every hour. t How are you to-day? To-day I am much better. To whom do those books belong? They belong to my brother who is now in St. Peters- burg. At what hour will you come to-morrow? I will come to-morrow mor- ning, but I cannot tell you at what hour. Who lives here? Rich people live here. Who knocks? It is my sister. What does it mean? It is nothing. Do not trouble yourself about it. Let her come in. ex Basra? CHJIBHO ()OJIHT r B TO- H jinxopa^Ka. qepes'B *iaci> no CTOJIOBOM JIOJKKii 3TOFO jteicapCTBa? BH cero^na? Cero.a.Ha MH:E ropas^o Jiyqine. KoMy Ofl 6paTy, KOTOpun Tenepi, BI. lieTep6ypr i B. Bx KOTOpoMi. qacy BH npn- npnji,y saBTpa ^Tposi-L, HO EC Mory saMX cRasaiB BX KTO KTO 9xo Moa cecipa. ^TO 9TO SHaqHTX? BTO HHnero. Bti o6s> STOMI ne 6e3noKoiTrec r B. IlycTL ona Beading Exercise No. 21. Eo.TLiiioii KO^tiirb. cabbage head. [, HsaHi) H Heipi, npoxo,o,HjiH workmen . . . passed once MHMO oropofla, B'B KOTopOM'B pocjia Kanycxa. JIocMoxpii Ka", orchard in which grew cabbage Just-look CKasaji'B HeTp'B, ,,KaKie 6ojiBiiiie Ko^aH6 BI> STOMI. oro- said . what . . . this po^i!" ,,Hamejii>, HCM/ y^HBJiaTBca", BQ3pa3HJi r B HBamb, replied EOTOpHH HHor^a jnofiHJTB coJiraTB: ,,Kor,a;a a nyTemecTBOBajr& sometimes . lie . travelled 3a-rpaHHn,eK) a TaM'B BH.H'BJI'B Ko^anx BejiHHHHOH) ci nopa- in foreign countries . there saw . in size ,!" IleTp'B KOTOptlH 6HJIX M'BAHHK'B HO peMCCJiy by trade 'BJL'b: ,,Bce BIO MoaieT'E 6uTB! TOJIBKO H MH c^JiaJiH can . Only also . made [, BMiCTi C1> MaCTCpOMfc, TaKOH KOTGJIX, KOTOpHH together . . such cauldron u,epKOBB 3Toro cejia." . . . church ,,Bi caMOM'B A*^?" BCKpnqaJi'B Hfiani B-B HsyMJieniH: . Really . exclaimed . . astonishment ,,HO CKajKH, noataJiyHCTa, KI neny ate BaM^ Ha,a,o6eH r B 6HJi r B pray . for what TaKOH KOT6JTB?" ,,MtI XOrfejIH BTb HCMX BapHTB TBOH wished . . boil orpOMHHH KO^ani!" OTBtnaJii) IleTp'B. ,,TenepB a nomraaK) understand for shame . invented tfOJIBIHOM'B KOTJli TOJIBKO ^Jia TOFO qT06tI UpH- tale . in order CTH^HTB MGH^i sa MOH) jioatB. BjaroAapK) Te6a sa ypOKT-, shame .... I thank . . lesson H Ha^irocB, ^TO OHT> B&JLQWTL MGHJ! OTT MOCH cipacTH I hope . cure ... rofiopiiTB nenpaB^y." 4 Twenty-second Lesson. Jljinjw&rB uxopoft ypoirL. Definite and Indefinite Pronouns, PLURAL. a) SINGULAR. HM. caM'L Pofl. caMord AaT. caMOMy BHH. caMoro Tsop. caMHMt Ilpe*. o caMOM-L SINGULAR. HM. sect Poj. Bcero Aai. BceMy BHH. secL or scerd TfiOp. BCtMt IIpeA. BCCMt caMa caMoii cajioft caMoe caMoro caMuil cai6, self camoro caMOMy caMo CaMHMt CaMOMt Bca Bcefi BC6H BCK) Bcero o Bcefi see, all Bcero Bceiay Bee BCeMl caiumn, CaMHMH o caMiix* PLURAL, set BCtXT) Bet or Bcixi o sctxi, The other definite pronouns are: caMuif, aa, e the same; KaaKftuii, aa, oe each, every; Bcjhdtt, an, oe every one, declined like adjectives. b) The Indefinite Pronouns are: KTO-TO (uiKTo), in the nomin. a certain somebody; HTO-Tp (H-feq-ro), in the nomin. something; HHKTO nobody; HHITO nothing ; KTO-Hn6f ,a,B, KTO-Jindo whoever; HTO-HH6y^B, HTO-Jiii6o whatever; Koe-KTO somebody; Koe-HTO something; H liKoropuii someone; mi 6ft, aa, oe many a (declined like TaKon); HHKaKoft, HH O^HHI, none. They are declined like KTO, HTO, KOTOPHM, KaKoft, whilst the particles irk, TO, iiHOy^L Jiri6o remain unchanged. Note 1. HH is separated from the pronoun by the preposition: HH Bt OflHOMt, HH Ct KtM'L. Note 2. After the negative pronouns the negative He or HliTL must always follow: HHKTO S^-ECL He 6ujii,, nobody was here ,a;pyn>- 1 a;pyra of each other and H licicoa i.Ko some are de- clined in the following manner: HM. H-BCKOJIBKO Poj. Apyrt-^pyra nicKOJiLKHxt JI,aT. ^pyri-Apyry HtcKOJibKHM'i, BHH. Ar't-Ara H^CKOJILKO Ilpei. pyr-fc o apyrfc o is declined like the numeral (v. p. 102). admiration, also, i6ate Anna, Anna Anthony, AHTOH-B badly, mioxo barber, basket, beginning, to carry, HGCTH v. a. she carried, Hecjra Catherine, KaTeprina cheerful, Colonel, creed, difficult, to enter, BOHTH except gardener, good-bye, npomaft, TG to grumble, BopiaiB, v. a. honest, HCCTHHH if, ecjiH for instance, HanpHM-fepi S is not, BtflB to jest, joke, occasion, Paul, na parrot, nonyrafi to repeat, noBTopaiB to run after, nornaTtca 3a (c. instr.) to seize, cxBaraiB to shave, 6pHTt tO Sigh, B3flBIXaTB starling, CKsopeivB strong, CHJBHHW to take away, OTHHTB Exercise No. 22. 1. Decline in Russian: the cojonel himself, the whole day, every good man, each creed, and afterwards translate: With nobody, with each other. I have to tell you something. Even the enemy himself had a great admiration for him. Every beginning is difficult. It is better to know something well, than much badly. An honest man will on no occasion act against his con- science or say anything that is not true. 2. JlK)6H CBonxfc po^Hiejiefi 6ojiiie scero H CBoero miro, KaKt caMoro ce6>i. He Ai^au ^.pyraM'B TOTO, ce6'b ne atejiaeniL. ^el* cjiysicaHKH IUJIH BX ropoji,!). H3i> HHXI, necjia Taace'jiyfo Kopsiray ci njiOAaMH. O^na HHXX, Anna, 6e3npecTaHHO Bopnajia H BS^EixaJia, HO caiiiiijiacB H myTHJia. Anna CKasajra: ,,KaKt TEI 6iiTB TaK^ seccJia? B'Eji.k TBoa KopaHHa TaKi ace KaKi> Moa, ^a H TH caMa ue CHJiBnie Mena". Our gardener has a starling that can speak a few words. If, for instance, some one calls: "Starling, where are you", then the starling replies each time: "I am here". Little Paul, whom the gardener loved very much, came very often into the room where the starling was and sometimes remained there a whole hour. 100 Questions on Grammar. 1. What is the difference between CBMT. and 2. What is the ace. of caaid and of caiwaa? 3. Translate: In no book. 4. What is the genit. singular masc. of 5. Decline in sing, and plural mioTi. 6. Decline ITO-TO and HHKTO. Conversation. What have you been reading with your teacher to-day? We have read about a cat and a parrot. Tell me something about it. A merchant was usually shaved by a certain barber named Anthony. When he left the merchant, the latter said to him every time: Good-bye, Mr. Anton. These words were repeated by the parrot from time to time. Once nobody was in the merchant's room except the cat and the parrot; the cat seized the parrot and hurried to- wards the door, but at the very same minute the barber entered and as the parrot cried"Good-bye, Mr. Anton", the barber at once saw what was between the cat's teeth, ran after him and took away the parrot. TH cero^Ha ME! HHTajIH KOfflKi H HO- nyraii. Tome ITO- BTOM'B. KynD,a tfpuji'B IJH- no HMCHH AH- ). Kor^a OHX OTL Kynu,a, y: npomafi Miicxep^ AH TOH'B. H cjiosa nonyrafi HOBTO- OTi BpeMCHH #0 Bpe- O^HasK^H B'B KOM- Kyni;a, KpOM^ no- nyraa H KOIHKH HHKOPO He6trjio; KoniKa cxBarajia ^TH^y H 6pocHJiacL K J L .HBepaMt. B^ 3 r ry ate ca- ny K> MHeyxy Bonieji r & ^H- H K,aKi.nonyraH : npomail MH- AHTOHl), U,MpK)JIL- HHKI) TOTiaCi yBH^'BJI'B KTO 6uji r B B^ 3y6axi> KOIIIKH, nornajica aa nefi H oymijn> nonyraa. 101 Reading Exercise No, 22, Cnaceme amfoiemi. the saving . 25 anpija 1809 ro ro^a oTpa.n'B aBCTpificKaro nojiKa . austrian 9pu,re*pn;ora Kapjia, flo-meni 6mii no Aoporfe BI> PereHc6yprfc npHKptiBaib THJI^B rjiaBHOH apMia. to protect the rear . . It came cx 3>paHu,y3aMH ^o ropjfaeg CKOH KOHnHn,H H nixOTH HaBajIHJIO CTOJIbKO, ^TO HHOTO cavalry . infantry crowded CMepTH HJH DJlliHa H6 6tIJIO. H 3Ha,Ma . . captivity . . O 6fiuio nepeiiTH Bt nenpmTejiBCKia pyKH. Tor^a e(j)pefiTOp^ GoMa KosafieK'B 6p6cnjica na snaMu, cops^Jii. ero . . threw himself . . cx ApeBKa, cnp^iajix BX cBoefi oAeat^ H no6iajajix KX staff hid ... AynaK). Ho Tyxx MOCT-B 6mi r B ocajKAeai,. Kos^eK^, ^Todx . . . besieged He,u;aTB nenpiaTejiK) snawa, p-EiiiHJica jiyiiiie caMOMy norn6- decided . . to perish 6pocHJica BX p^Ky desi. na;i,ejKAH, HTO eMy CMH nepenjiHTB. Ho OT^asHie y^BOHJio ero will have sufficient strength to swim across . despair doubled CMH. IIo^ rpa^OM^ nenpiaTejiLCKHxi, nyjiB nepeiMHJTL . hail (shower) (xiaronojiyiHO SyHau H cnac'B nojiKy seana. HMnepa- safely the Danube saved ii.t Harpa^HJii. xpa6paro Bonna SOJIOTOK) Me^ajibio . rewarded . medal ,,3a xpa6pocTB" H 1000BK) ry For bravery . florins 102 Twenty -third Lesson, The Numeral. The Cardinal Numbers. ypoin*. 1 OAHHii, o^na, OAH6 2 Asa, .ust, Asa 3 xpn 4 leTbipe 5 IIJITB 6 raecTb 7 CCMB 8 B6CCMB 9 10 11 12 13 ipHHaAuaTB 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ___ 21 ABaAuaxB OAHHI, a, 22 23 xpn Note 1. In counting, one, two, three = past, Note 2. In compound lower without the conj. COT'b HM. Poj. J,aT. BBH. Tsop. 29 30 40 COpOK'B 50 60 70 80 90 100 CTO 200 AB-BCTH 300 Tpncia 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 racaia 2000 KB* 3000 rpn 10,000 100,000 CTO 1,000,000 the English one is translated by pn:ri, ; numbers the higher always precedes the ,,H" ,,and": 1899 = THca i ia noceiib- Declension of cardinal numbers. SINGULAR. PLURAL. masc. and neuter fern. O.HHHB (odnavo) OAHOH or OKHHM-B o6'L HM. jsa, AB* (2) POA. ^Byx-F, Aax. jsyM-b BHH. like HM. or Tflop. OAHOFO OAHHM-B OAHOH OAHOM-B xpn (3) xpex-B Tpe'M-b like HM. or Po*. OAHHXl OAllHIWb O.IHtMi like HM. or Poj. OAHHMH le-rape (4) HCTblpeXTb o ipexi like HM. or Po*. ^ o 103 HM. Poa. &B.T. nara BHH. nflTB TfiOp. HflTfcK) HflTH flE-BCTH (5) BOC6MB (8) COpOKT, (40) flGBflHOCTO (QQ) BOCBMH BOCBMH BOC6MB BOCGMBK) BOCBWH copOKa copOKa COpOK-L copoKa copOKa CTO (100) era CTa CTO CTa CTa HM. Po*. BHH. Tsop. ^ByMa CTEIMH o .nByxxciax-L rpn TBICfl^H THCfllfc TBICfl%K) TpH THCfl^a TpeMa TI" o ipexi MBJIJllOHI, Mn.T.liOHOMl HM. ,3,aT. BHH. TflOp. C6MLK) o ceMH xpexi rpa ipexi It will be seen from the above that 1. with the exception of o;uni'L, ji,Ba, TPH, copOKt, ^esaHOCTO, CTO, the cardinal numbers from 5100 are declined like the feminine nouns terminating in i. 2. that in the compound numbers from 5080 both parts are declined. 3. that THcana and MHJuiioiTL are declined like nouns. DECLENSION OF CARDINAL NUMBERS (combined with nouns and adjectives). Rules. After o^iin't the noun stands in the nominative singular. After the cardinal numbers p,Ba, T p H ^ HC THpe and also 66a, 66* when used in the nominative or accusative, the following noun, when standing by itself, is put in the ge- nitive singular; the qualifying adjective, however, is put in the nominative (rarely in the genitive) plural, from naTL onwards the noun and adjective are placed in the gen. plural: 104 jjona two houses; OKna three windows; four horses; KaMeHHuxt ftOMa two stone houses; xpn HLicoinix'L OKiiii three high windows; HCTHpe HepHuxi Jiomaji.u four black horses; naTt Kiineiuiiixi flOMOBt five stone houses; inecTL RLtcoKuxT* OKOHt six high windows. In all other cases the nouns and adjectives are placed in the same case as the Numeral. In compound numbers the Nouns and adjectives agree with the last number: BepCTd 21 versts; xpii Bepcxri 63 versts; IUCCTL BepcTt 66 versts. MM. flsa BHCOKHX'B aoMa PO^. ^ByX-L BHCOKHXi flOMOB-B JI,aT. ffByUl BHCOKHM'B BHH. ^sa BHc6Kie A6n Tsop. AsyMa BUCOEHMH BHc6KHXt HM. Po^. naiii Hepnuxi /I,aT. HflTH HgpBHM'b BHH. naTL HepHHXt aoinaieii Tfiop. naTLBO HCPHHMH o nain Note 1.. Wherever TO^OBI. (genitive plural of ro^t year) has to stand, i. e. in the genitive case after ,a,Ba, xpn, lextipe and in the nom. gen. and accus. after all other cardinal numbers, it is re- placed by jiliTt (gen. pi. of Jiiro summer) ,HByxi, .i-feTi, ABa ro^a o flByxt mecTb a&Tb meciH ro^aMi, mecTBK) mecTH JifcTi raecib JI-BTX o fflecia rojiaxi Note 2. A cardinal number used after a noun denotes the quantity only approximately and must be rendered in English by about: pyd-neii TpiUuaTL about 30 roubles. Reflective Conjugation. Imperative. Sing. yMHBafica, wash thy self Plur. yMHBaHiecB, wash yourselves. 105 almost, to busy oneself, instr.) to call, 3BaiL to catch, noHHait century, column, to detach, .___ family, CCM^HCTBO huge, orpoMHHH length, AJII monument, over, no (c. prep.) palace, naiaiEi (c. to reign* renowned, HSB-BCTHHS rock, to search, to shout, similar, noa66HHH splendid, stately, majestic, street, yaima to surpass, till now, flo CHX-B nop-L to water, opomaiL, OPOCHTB, week, v. a. Exercise No. 23. 1. Decline in Russian: four black dogs three indus- trious pupils six years 200 soldiers; and afterwards translate: Four and twelve are sixteen. Day and night make to- gether 24 hours. An hour has 60 minutes. In a year there are 365 days or twelve months. A month has four weeks. Some months have 31 and some have 30 days. One month has 28 days. The length of the Volga is (consists) of 3,390 yersts. It waters 9 provinces. How many days are there in a week? 2. JIOH^OHI. coBciM^ ne BCJiHKOJi'kneH^. HpoixaBi. u;aTB TLIIH Tpa^ijaTB J!/qmHx r B yjinii.'B, a. He BHAaji^ HH najraTB, HH o^noro orpojraaro jjona. laca a xoAHJa .najieKO OTcro.a.a no Jiyry ,3,0 canaro oaepa, Kpn^ajia H ssajra Te6a. CjiyqaeTCH, HTO BI> KosmarE jKHBe'T^ HicKOJiBKO ceMCHCTB^. KOJIOHHa npeBOCXO.HHTt BUIHHHOK) BCt HSBiCTHHe HHKH no,a,66Haro po^a B'B CBirL Hyatno 66jio ji,Ba H meCTBCOTfc pa60THHKOB r & HT06^ OT^tjIHTB KaMCHB 23,798 inhabitants live in this town. In our family were 6 children, 2 boys and 4 girls. 100 years form a century. Catherine I reigned only two years. 106 Questions on Grammar. 1. What is the difference between past and 2. In what case does the noun stand after 0,1,111111? 3. In what case does the qualifying adjective stand after 4. In what case does the noun stand after qextiipe? 5. In what case does the adjective stand after Tpn? 6. How is the English about rendered in Russian? 7. In what instances is ro,u,T, replaced by JTBTO? 8. \Vhat is the order observed in Russian compound numbers? Conversation, Have you been searching for me long? Certainly , almost three hours. But where have you been till now? I saw a young hare and wanted to catch him, but he ran more quickly than I And so you have busied yourself all this time with the hare? It seems to me I had been running after him only two minutes. How old are you? I am now 12 years 3 months and 5 days old, but my brother is already 22 years old. How old is your sister? My younger sister is now 10 years old, but my elder sister is already 20 years old. And how many brothers have you? I have 3 brothers. JIH TH Henri KOHeiHO, VJKC HOITH Tpn ate TH nopi>? fl. vBH^'EJi'B MOJio^oro H \QT r kjn> ero HO OHI 61iJKa.it TH Bee 9TO speMa sa- Mei KajKCTCJi, ^TO a TOJIBKO ABi MHHyTH 6'BJKaJIt 3a HHMt. CKOJIBKO Te6i MH-B TenepB , TpH MCima H HflTB ; a Moeny 6paTy yace ,pa roAa. CKOJIBKO JI-ET!) Baineii cecTpi? Moefi Mjia^niefi cec r rpi Te- nepB fleCflTB JlliTX, HO Moefi CTapmefi cecxpi ,a;Ba^aTB JI-BTI,. A CKOJIBKO 6paTB6B% y Tpn 6paia. 107 Beading Exercise No. 23. HSfc HCH3HH IiaillJ lllfl IX. the pope HpaBJieHie naira Ilia IX Bt canoMt naiaJTE the government . ... very . was sig- BaJiocL nepTaMH ,n,o6pOT6, 6jiaroTBOpHTeJiLHocTH, ^ejio- nalised . . charity philan- BliKOJi&6ia, aneprin H yMa, KOTOptm npio6p r fejiH eny Bce66in;yio thropy energy . . acquired . general H yBaaceme. esteem I. Oji,Ham^Ei OHI npo'B33Kaji'& no o.u.Hoft HS'B oT,a;a- drove through < . one of re- yjiHii 1 f & PnMa. BoJiLmaa TOJina napo^a codpajiacL tired streets of Rome Large crowd people had assembled OKOJIO CTapHKa, pacnpocTepTaro na MOCTOBOH H ny^HB- round . extended . pavement . . tormenting maroca BI CTpaniHHx^ KOHByjrtciax'B. ,,810 JKHJI.'L," ro- himself . frightful convulsions It is a Jew BOpHJl, HapO^, H ppH STOMt KpHK^ npOKJI^Tifl HHKTO H6 said the mob . at this cry of imprecation nobody OMy noMom,H. ,,^TO qejiOBiKi)!" BCKpn- to offer the poor assistance . ex- nana, npoHHKaa B^ TOJiny, 9x0 j^ejiofiiKi! cxpaat- clairaed the pope penetrating ... . suf- .HJHUH, KOTOpOMy AOJIJKHO HOMOHL". H nO^HflBi 6'B^HflKa fering whom one must help. having lifted up the poor man caMt, OHt npHKasajix noca^HTL ero Bt CBOK) Kapeiy, npn- himself, . ordered to place . . . carriage Besx ero BO .fl.Bopeu.'B H ocTaBHJn, 6iAsaro TOJILKO Tor.ua, brought . into the palace . left . . then Kor^a OHI> npainejit B-B ^BCTBO. Dana nopy^iiji'B ero when . intrusted , CBoeny M^HKy. physician. 108 Twenty-fourth Lesson. To the class of cardinal numerals also belong: 1. The collective numerals. 2. The fractional numerals. The collective numerals are: 1. napa a pair ^B6iiKa a pair, a couple xpoHKa a set of three lexBepita a set of four nax6Ki> a set of five .necaxoKt ten pieces AK)at0Ha a dozen c6xea a hundred These are all declined like nouns and 2. 66a, 664 hoth xp6e a triplet naxepo five ceiiepo seven AeBaxepo nine a set of two four mecxepo six B6cLMepo eighth flecirxepo ten These are declined like adjectives. masc., neuter fern. HM. 66a 66* 0660x1 06^0x1 0640M'L B0H. 0660X1 Tfiop. o660M0 flpe,a;. o6t 0660x1 061 06^0x1 ^BOHXT, BHH. TpOB. nexsepo, H o . o Note. After o6, o(H& in the nom. and accus. the noun stands in the gen. sing., the adjective in the nom. pi.: 66a cxapmie 6paxa. After flBoe, xpoe and the gen. pi. is used: lexsepo jixeH. After no.iTopa fern. noJiTOpia the noun stands in the genitive singular; the adjective and pronouns, however (and when connected with words formed with noa), stand in the nom. pi.: u,ime nojiiaca. masc. and neuter fern. HM. nojxopa 4>y HT a- nojixopn Po^. nojyxopa ^yHiost nojryxopn ^ax. nojryxopy (JtynxaMi nojyxopt Tsop. no^^iopHMH 4>yHTaMH nojyxopOD Upex. o nojiyxopt (^yaxaxt o nojiyxopi 109 HM. ,H,aT. BHH. nojiyxopH TBOp. H . o Note. nojiiopacTa has in all cases, except in the ace. (which is Like the nom.) nojy. HM. nojTopacTa POK. nojyiopacTa R&T. nojiyropacTy BHH. nojiTOpacTa Tsop. nojyiopacTa o The words composed with no.i are declined in the following way: SINGULAR. PLURAL. HM. nojutent nojry,a,HH Po^. ,fl,aT. BHH. Ilpe^.o no^y^H-fe o The fractional numbers are as follows: no.iOBHHa a half Tpeit, H a third leiBepiL, H a fourth nojiTOpa one and a half nojiTpeiBa two and a half oiTopacia one hundred and fifty SINGULAR. HM. TpeiB PO.H. ipeiH XaT. ipeiH BHH. ipeiB Tsop. TpeiLD o ipeiH PLURAL. HM. ipeTH xpeieH BHH. Tsop. o 110 These fractional numbers are declined like nouns. The other fractional numbers are formed from the ordinal numbers by circumscription: J / 6 o,a,Ha naxaa, 11 / 15 , O,H,HH- Ha,n,i],aTB iraTHxi,, where nacTB part and nacTefi are to be supplied. Note 1. IIojiOBHHa means half. The English "half a" is expressed by no.1 with the genitive of the following noun: noj^Ha, HOJHOIH half a day, half a night. Note 2. HojiTopa is properly a contraction from nojioBiina Bioparo. llo.i^mi and no.iuoqu must not be confused with n6.i,i,eni> and noon and midnight. The age is expressed in Russian either by the nomina- tive of the person and the genitive of the number of years: he is 30 years old OHI> TpHHajmaTH jriyn,; or by the dative of the person and the nominative of the number. Where 6x r L po^y (since birth) are either added or under- stood. I am 30 years old MH^ TenepB 30 jrfcTi> (OTI> P 3 laca no ILOJI^EVL sad^ame. Ha yjnuri BH^HH ppk qeTBepKH jiouia^en H Tpoe caeeH. CKOJIBKO Baci> Bci>xi>? Hac r L inecTepo; ABOC JKHByTTb Bl> JIOHAOHi H qeXBCpO ^OMa. BOTi BaMfc HO ,H,Ba py6jia sa Bani'B Tpy^t. Cepe,a,HHa RESL nasMBaeTca nojiy- a cepe^HHa HO^H nojyno^BK). AjeKcan^py Be- 66jio TOJILKO Tpn^aTL TpH ro^a, Kor^a OHX fes^ nponsBOAHT'L OAHHXT, ^epeBaHHt na 80000 py6jieH cepeGpOMt, H BI> TOM^ 4 MMJijiioHa JiojKeK'B na 35000 py6jieH. Russia occupies a sixth part of the whole surface of the globe. Both his uncles are in Russia. Half of the kingdom I shall give him who will cure me, said the king. Fetch me two pounds and a half of tea. I have brought you ten pounds of sugar. Half of the inhabitants are fishermen. He drove a set of four. 119 Questions on Grammar. 1. Name a few collective numerals. 2. In what case does the noun stand after 6<5a? 3. In what case does the adjective stand after 4. How are the fractional numbers formed in Russian? 5. What is the difference between IIO.TAIIH and n&i^eHB? 6. In what case do the adjective and pronoun stand after no.iTOp.il 7. In what case does the adjective stand when preceding nouns con- nected with no.i? 8. How is the English "half a" rendered in Russian? 9. What is the etymology of no.rrop.1? LO. How are distributive numbers formed in Russian? 11. How is age expressed in Russian? 12. Translate: 100 apiece. Conversation. How old is your sister? She is seventeen years old. And (how old is) your niece? She is only six years old. What o'clock is it by your watch ? By my watch it is just noon. John, what have you bought to-day in the market? I have bought a pair of fowls and a dozen eggs. How much did you give to the workmen yester- day? I gave them half a sovereign. How many shillings has an English sovereign? An English sovereign has 20 shillings. How many copecks has a rouble? Aroublehasahundred copecks CKO JILKO Ji'ET'B Bamen cecxpi ? EH ceMHa,a,i],aTL ji'ET r & po,fl,y. A CKOJILKO Jite& Bamefi MflHHHIJ'E? Efi TOJILKO HieCTB OTTb na Ha MOUXI ITO TH Ha JI KynHJi^ napy Kypnn/B H Biepa pa- CKOJTLKO TH no.i(|)yHTa. CKOJILKO Bl> ^ CKOJILKO KoneeKTb BX py6jii? Bt py6;ii CTO 118 Reading Exercise No. 24, T lepTLI II3T, 3KH3HH IIJIIIH Ilia IX. II. OflHaa^H eBpeiicKaa .nenyTaiua, npe^CTaBjiaact nani Jewish deputation presenting itself B^ KunpHHajTE, noAHec.ua eny CTapHHHHii norapt o6pa- offered . antique chalice 311,6 BOG npoHSBe^eHie HCKyccTBa, coxpaHaBnieeca ^BicTH JI^TI production of art kept 200 years Bfc TeTTO. - ,,Xopoino, A^TH MOH," CKasaj'B nana espeiiMx ci Well children my said . to the Jews with .HotfpoTOK), a npHHioiaro Banii, noAapoKx ci> y^oBOJiL- kindness . accept your present . pleas- CTBieMi> H 6jraro,a,apK) Baci>". ure . thank you ,,CKOJIBKO 6n OHX MOFB CTOHTL might cost dollars ,,OHI) BiCHTi UflTB COTi pHMCKHX-L 6(j)HMKOBl", weighs fire hundred Roman rjiasa ,u,enyTa^H. Tor^a Ilia IX HanHcajit the chief . ... wrote 66c r rpo na uepBOMi, nonaBinefiica euy oo^Kt 6yMam: quickly . the first fallen into . small piece paper ,,Bti,a,aTB T&caqy e^HMKOBi", no^nHcajiT, H, OT^aBaa Pay 1000 . signed . giving away 6yMary eBpefiCKHiii npe.a.CTaBHTejiaM'B, cKaaajii: representatives - ,,IIpHMHTe ate BJ> CBOK) oiepe^ 3Ty cyMMy n pas^-B- Take then . your turn . sum . distri- jHTe ee OT^ HMCHH Ilia IX Meat^y 6iAHHMu ceMeficTBaMH bute . in the name . . among the poor families Terro." 114 Twenty-fifth Lesson. The Ordinal Numbers, nepBHH, afl, oe BTOppH Tpeiifi mecTofi BOCLMOH first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty first Tpexifi COpOKOBOM BOCLMHACC/iTHH COTHM CTO nepBHH flBVXlCOTHH TpeXlCOTHH HieCTHCOTHH CCMHCOTHH BOCtMHCOTHH THCfllHHR CTO THCfl l lHHH ypoicx. twenty-second twenty-third thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth 101st 200th 201st 300th 600th 700th 800th 1000th 2000th 1,00000th 1,0000,00th Ordinal numbers are declined like qualifying adjectives and agree with the noun in gender, case and number. nepBHH y^eHHEt uiopaa iacTL. nepBiifi in the sense of best, excellent has the 3 degrees of comparison: nepBliMinin, esbn.iif is declined like the adjectives in in, ta, te. In compound ordinal numbers and in the date of the year it is only the last number that has ordinal termi- nation and is declined. the year 1899 THcaia BOCCMLCOTI, The hours of the day. The hours of the day are rendered in Russian by the cardinal numbers for complete hours and by ordinals for the fractions: HHTB HacoBi> 5 o'clock; nojioBHHa aro ] /2 P ag t two; Tpn lexBepTH TpeTLuro 3 / 4 past two or 1 / 4 to three. To the ordinals belong also the following numbers which are declined like adjectives: #pyroii the other; noc.TD^Hwft the last; e^HHEifi alone; BOflRift twofold ; ABOHHOfi double. 115 August, ABrycrB to begin, Ha^HHaiB to cut through, npopy6aiB, npo- py6aiB Ceylon, IJeftjioH'B class, oaccT, dagger, cutlass, KOPTHKI to discover, orKptiBa/rB dispute, to begin a, sacnopniB guarded, nacx island, ocipoBTb lark, acaBOpOHOK'B to be mistaken, Moscow, MocKBa to order, piece, plate, pope, nana Portuguese, HopTyrajieiTB to propose, npefljaraTB to roll up, CBe'pTBiBaiB shepherd, naciyx-B silvern, cepe6paHHH to sing, ntib to strike (of the dock), npo6HTB Tuesday, BTOPHHKTJ upwards, Bsepxi. to wind up (a dock), 3aBO,a,HTB Exercise No. 25. 1. Decline in Russian: The twenty-first day, the sixth pupil, the 2 nd year and afterwards translate: I am the first pupil in our class. The sixth house in this street be- longs to my mother. His third sister is 16 years old. The 3 rd day of the week is called Tuesday. The 8 th month of the year is called August. Michael Feodorovitch was the first Russian Czar of the house of the Romanoff family (PoMaHoeuxi.). I think it is now a quarter to se- ven. I shall come at a quarter to eight. 2. Heipx BeJiHKiii, sacnopHBi, oflHaacflH ct AsrycTOM-L, KopOJieMT* nOJIbCKHMt B'L 1701 OM * 1'Ofl^, EGjAjLTt HO^aTL ce6i uiTyKy cyKna, n 6pocHBi> (having thrown) ee BBepxt, npopy6iLii onyio na i) Tpy6Ky uo Afii cepeop^Hiia sa past. JKasopOHOK'L HaiHEaeT-B H-BTL CT. BCCHEI. Y jHOftefl He^oraTtixt 6HBaeTi no ^B-B, no y caMHX't aie Oiji.HHX'b no O.H.HOH. ( Bo BTOpon uiecTHa.a.iJ.aTaro siKa JKHJII. nana CHKCT^ V, KOTOPHH Kor^a-TO 6u.ii nacTyxoaii. H naci> eaiy 66jio It is now 6 o'clock. After a battle in 1708, Peter the Great proposed peace to Charles XII. The island of Cey- lon was discovered in 1505 by the Portuguese Almeyda. Moscow was burnt down in 1812. 116 Questions on Grammar. 1. How are the hours of the day rendered in Russian? 2. Decline: jtpyrofi and nocjii^Hift. 3. What is the meaning of nepBiifimiii? 4. Translate: twice, secondly, once, thirdly. 5. What is the difference between ^BOHKiii and a no fi noil I 6. How is Ttoift declined? Conversation. Tell me what o'clock it is. It is ten minutes past eight. I thought it would soon strike ten. No, you are mistaken. At what o' clock do you wind up your watch? I wind it up at noon. How many pupils are there in your school? In the first class there are twenty pupils, in the se- cond 24 and in the third 30. Te MH-fe KOTopiiH fl. flJMaji'B, HTO yace citopo npo6te'T$ .necflTB ^lacoBX. H-fiTi,, BEI oniH6aeTeci>. B'B KOTopoMt qacy BH saso- AHTC CBOH qac6? H HXI> saBoaty B'B HOJI^CHL. CKOJILKO yieHHKOBT) Bt sa- ll,aTB KJiacci BO BTO- wmpe Reading Exercise No. 25. I. BosBpamaacL B^ anpiji-fe M ^ BCH^'B 1698 ro^a Returning . April month 'B TojuiaHji,iH), He'Tpi I 6HJi r B B-B 6ojiBni6H onac- England . Holland Peter . . . dan- HOCTH: CHJitnaa 6ypa 3a,u,epatajia ero ^eiBepo cyTOKi> na ger . storm, tempest kept . four-and-twenty hours Mopi. C'B yacacoMi CMOTpa na BHCOKUI BOJIHU, 6pocaBiuia sea . terror looking . high waves flinging BO set CTOpoHH n,apcKyio axTy, cnyiHKKH Ileipa yat^ npa- all sides imperial yacht travelling-companions , . 117 XOIHJIH ET> oTiatfrne; HO repon, HC 6o^Bmifica despair . . . being afraid onacHOCTen, coxpaHHJi r & npHcyTCTBie A^xa H BI presence of mind cjiyia-Ii H, odoApria HcnyraHHHX'B yji66KOK), myMHBO ro- occasion . encouraging the frightened with a smile BH 60HT6CB? Cji^xaHHoe JIH 310 Of what . are afraid heard of HTo6ti ijapB pyccKin yroHyji'L Bt H4Me^KOM r B Czar Russian was drowned . German II. nocjFE oflHoro cpaaceHiff, BT, 1708 ro.a.y, a fight ./i.JiojKHJi'B Kapjy XII Mnpnua ycjiOBia H nocjiajrB proposed Charles . of peace conditions . sent nojiLCKaro ,a,BOpaHHHa m uiBe^CKyio apaiiro ; through Polish nobleman . Swedish army npe^nncuBaTB MHpx CBOHMI TOJIbKO Bi HXX CTOJIHI^-B, OTFBiaJFB, HTO OHi 6/AGTl ,B, oro - capital replied BapHBaTLca o nnpi Bt MOCKB*. treat . . . Moscow Kor^a Ileipy BejiHKOMy nepe^ajiH STOTX BHCOKOMtpHufi returned , haughty OTB^T'L, OHX CKaSaJITb: reply - ,,BpaT MOH Kapji'B xoneTi 6HTL AjieKcaH^pOMi); . . wishes . an Alexander B, HTO OHi He Han^eTi BO MH^> ,3,apia". hope . . . will find . . a Darius. 118 Twenty-sixth Lesson. ^BfymaTL mecToft ypoKi. The Russian verb has 1) three moods, the infinitive, the indicative and the imperative; 2) three tenses, the present, the past and the future. There are, however, various forms of the same verb, which are used to denote the time required for the per- formance of the action. These forms are called the aspects of the Verbs. We distinguish in Russian: 1. The Imperfective Aspect. 2. The Perfective Aspect. The Imperfective Aspect denotes that the action has not yet been completed; but it can be conceived either as simply continuing: iirraTL to read, or as being repeated several times: yroBapHB.Ttt to persuade. In the latter case it forms a new aspect called 3. The Iterative Aspect. The Perfective Aspect denotes an action that has been or will be definitely completed: nocTyiaxi to knock; npoiHTaTL to read through. The Perfective Aspect has either a prepositional prefix yroBapHBaTL, yrosopHTB to persuade, or quite a different form: impf. 6paxL to take; perf. BSATL. The Perfective Aspect can also denote that the be- ginning and the end of the action have taken or will take place simultaneously: KpriKHyTB to call once. It then forms another aspect. 4. the momentaneous (semelfactive) Aspect or the Aspect of unity. This aspect must, however, not be confounded with the inchoative verbs also terminating in HyiL: racnvTB to be extinguished, and which are abbreviated in the past tense: raci>, Jia, jio, whilst KPHKHJTB has KpHKHyjrb, jia, jo. Very few verbs have all four aspects. Not all aspects again are used in all tenses and moods. The Semelfactive only is used in all tenses and moods. The perfective (and semelfactive) aspects have properly no present tense; its present form has a future signification: cKaaaTB, CKaacy I shall say. KprfKny I shall soon call (once). It has no participle pres. The Iterative has oaly a past tense: a. 119 Conjugation. In Russian there are two regular conjugations according to the terminations of the second person singular and the 3 rd person plural of the present tense. The first con- jugation has einB in the 2 nd person singular and JTL or IOTT, in the 3 rd person plural. The second conjugation has HIHB in the second person sing, and axx, HTTB in the 3 rd person plural. To the first conjugation belong 1. The polysyllabic verbs that have in the infinitive the following terminations: aTL (also asaTB, osaTB, CBaTB, HBaTB, HBaTB) flTB, OTB, HJ'TB, CpCTB. 2. The inchoative in ^TB and those that have to in the first pers. singular present tense. 3. The monosyllabic verbs ending in TB preceded by a vowel. 4. The verbs in HB, STB, CTB, TH. To the 2 nd conjugation belong 1. The polysyllabic verbs in HTB. 2. The polysyllabic in *TB that are neither inchoative nor have iiio in the first person sing, present tense 3. The polysyllabic in aTB preceded by a sibilant, which take y instead of aro in the first person singular present tense. Exceptions. 1. The following verbs belong to the second conjugation: JBCTHTB, to flatter MCTHTB, to avenge ITHTB, to respect 3ptTB, to see. , to stand a, to fear- , to drive ciiait, to sleep 2. mH6iiTt in yniH6HTL to hurt, omH6iiT!>ca to mistake belongs to the first conjugation. Verbs connected with prepositions follow the original verb from which they are derived: npnataTL is conjugated like 190 Regular Verb. 1st Conjugation. Infinitive ate.ia'TB to wish. Indicative mood. x jRe.iaio, I wish TH acejaeraB, thou wishest OH-B | | he wishes OH& > aejiaeT-B < she OHO ) |it,, Past tense. & acejiaj-B, ja, ao, I wished MH TH sejaj-B, ja, so, thou wishedst BH OHT> ffiejia.ii., he wished OHH| OHa jse.ia.ia, she on-i > OHO aejiajio, it OHH] Present tense. MH jKejraeMi, we wish BH ffiejaexe, you wish ' atejaiOT'B, they wish we wished you wished they wished Future tense. a 6yjy ateJiaTB, I shall wish TH 6yAemB sejaTB, thou wilt wish OHt | | he will wish ona > 6y,a;eT i B atejiaTB > she OHO ] J it MH BH 6y#eie OHH| OHi> OHH] we shall wish you will wish iB, they will wish 2. Sing. 3. Sing. 3. PL Imperative. wish. 2. PI. atejaHTe wish nycTB OHT., OHa, OHO mejaen let him, her, it wish nycTB OHH, oni atejaroTx let them wish. Participle Present. aa, ee he, she, it that wishes. Participle Past. a, ee he, she, it that wished. Gerund. Present. Gerund. Past. wishing. | aejasi, aceJiaBniH |having wished. Infinitive spaTL to tell a lie. Indicative mood. n Bpy, I am telling a lie TH BpeiiiL, thou art telling a lie oii'h speTi), he is telling a lie OHa she,, OHO it , Present tense. MH Bpe'Mi>, we are telling a lie BH spe'Te, you OHH | oirL > BpyTi, they are telling a lie. OHH J Past tense. * Bpajn, jra, 10, I told a lie TH BpajTL, ja, jo, thou toldst a lie OHI Bpajr&, he told a lie ona Bpa.ua, she OHO uajio, it MH spajiH, we told a lie BH Bpa-iR, you told a lie OHH | oid> > spajiH, they told a lie OHH J Future tense. a 6ny BpaiB, I shall tell a lie TH Gyjenib BpaiB,thou wilt tell a lie OHT, 6*yaeTi> apart, he will tell a lie ona she OHO it MH 6y^eMi spaiB, we shall tell a lie BH 6y^eie BpaiB, you will tell a lie OHIll OHiftfyayrt Bpaxt, they will tell a oeiij lie. Imperative. 2. Sing. Bpn tell a lie. 2. PL Bpriie tell a lie. Participle Present. aa, ee he, she, it that is telling a lie. Participle Past. , aa, ee he, she, it that told a lie. Gerund. Present. Gerund. Past. telling a lie | spaBi, BpaBmn having told a lie 2nd Conjugation. Infinitive rosopiiTL [to speak. Indicative mood. 4 roBOpro, I speak TH roBOpiiiiiL, thou speakest OHI, roBOpHTi, he speaks ona she OHO it R roBOprijTB, jia, JIG, I spoke TH roBOpri;n>, ja, JTO, thou spokest OH-b roBOpHJTb, he spoke OHa roBOprijia, she OHO rOBOpHJIO, it Present tense. MH roBOpHMi,, we speak BH roBOpriTe/ you speak OHH | OH^ \ roBOpaTt, they speak OHH) Past tense. MH roBopnJiH, we spoke BH roBopHjH, you spoke OHH I oni [ roBOpHJiH, they spoke OHH I 6yiy roBOpHTb, I shall speak TH f>y,neun>roBOpirn>,tlK)u wilt speak e will speak Future tense. MH 6^xeMi roBOpHTb,we shall speak BH 6y,neTe you will oinij OH-B> OHH! they 122 Imperative. ft. Sing. roBopri speak. 2. PI. roBopriie speak. Participle Present afl, ee he, she, it that is speaking. Participle Past. , aa, ee he, she, it that spoke. Gerund. Present. Gerund. Past. roiopj speaking. | roBOpHBX, roBopHBnm having spoken. Infinitive ^epacaTB to hold Indicative mood. Present tense. a jepmy, I hold or I am holding TH aejKHmb, thou boldest OH-L, ona, OH6 jepatHn, he, she, MH xepxHMi, we hold BH flepiKHie, you hold it holds Past tense. OHH, OH-B flepjEarB, they hold. * jep3ta.ii>, a, o, I held TH thou heldst OHT, jepJKajn,, he held OH^, xepaaja, she OHO jepatajo, it MH jepmajiH, we held BH you held OHH they held Future tense. n 6yiy Aepatait, I shall hold TH oyaeiDb ^ep^aTL, thou wilt hold OKI 6yAen> ^epatait, he will hold ona she OHO it MH 6y^eM'i> ,nepffi8m>, we shall hold BH 6yjjeTe you will hold OHH Gyjjyri, they OH'li < Imperative. 2. Sing. jepatH hold. 2. PI. sep/nnie hold. 3. Sing. nycTL OHI ^epatHii, let him hold. 3. PI. nycTL OHH aepacarb let them hold. Participle Present. ^, ee he, she, it that is holding. Participle Past. aa, ee he, she, it that was holding. Gerund. Present. Gerund. Past. holding. | Aepataa-b, BIIIH having held. 128 appearance, phenomenon, to blame, XJMHTL cause, npaiHHa consequently, cj^OBaieJiBHo to dine, oC'^aiB to dispose, pacnojraraib without fail, HenpeM^eno to fondle, spoil, GajOBaTb, v. a. fur cover (in a sledge), IIOJLOCTB, to praise, XBa-raiB, v a. to prefer, to present with, noxap&u to propose, proud, r6pflHH scholar, yie'HBiii silent, sledge, cairn to study, to take supper, various, paanbiii why, noieMy. Exercise No. 26. 1. You sleep, the others are already in the field. (They say) one says that you are now a very rich man. Your brothers were walking with our aunt and became acquainted with those proud women. Do his children already know that he is here? A renowned scholar has told us to-day about various things; he has seen many countries, towns and (nations) peoples and has written about them. 2. Te'TyniKa OHCHB jHofea H 6a:iOBaJia Mena, Te'TyniKa no^apHJia MFE mapoKie renepajiLCKie cBK) HOJIOCTLK) H napy OTKopMJieHHtJxi. KHHTKKy no^HTaTB, Ajuirafiepa HJIH & npe,3,noqHTaro qepHHH xjrfe6i 6ijioMy. F^-B noKynaeTi OHa c'BMena II.B'BTOBX. T IejroB'EKX npe.a.nojiaraeT'B a Bori pacnojiaraeT'B. BcaKoe -aBjieme HenpeM^HHO HMieTi npn- HHHy. ^[acTO JITS. BH 6nBaeTe y CBOHX^ coc^eS ? ^ojiro JIH cecTpa npo6y^;eTi y Baci? Ho^eMy TH CTOHIDB y ABepeS? OHH sanHMaiOTCfl HacTO)fni,HM r B H HO HC 3a6nBaK)Ti> H You say and we believe you. We never praise what you blame. We are taking off our clothes and shall take a bath; you are not taking off your clothes and will conse- quently have no bath. We ask you why you are so silent and you do not reply. You are talking (sing.) too-much. We are not laughing; we are sitting and studying. 194 Questions on Grammar. 1. How many Aspects has the Russian Verb? 2. What does the Perfective Aspect denote? 3. How is the Perfective Aspect formed? 4. In what tense is the Iterative Aspect used? 5. What does the Iterative Aspect denote? 6. What are the terminations of the 3rd pers. pi. of the pres. -tenset 7. What are the terminations of the 2nd pers. sing, of the pres. tense? Conversation. Why does this goose show such an attachment to the dog? Because a fox once stole into the yard and wanted to seize the goose, but the dog perceived it and drove the fox from the yard. What is a house? A house is a construction built with the intention that people shall live in it. Who is this young man? He is my best friend, we love each other like brothers. When shall you dine to-day? I shall not dine at home to-day. Do you understand what I am saying? (translate speaking.) I understand very little what (when) you speak. You speak so quickly. When shall you take supper to-night? To-night I shall take supper very late. STOTB rycL HOCTB K^ Co6aKli? lIOTOMy 1TO OAHajK^H JIHCHII.a npoRpajacB BO ^BOp-B H xoTi.ia cxBaTHTB rycfl, HO co6aKa aaMirajia H npo- rnajia ee co ,n,BOpa. TaKoe ecTB s^ame, KOTOpoe, CTpOHTCfl CJ> TOR) KTO 3TorB MOJIO^OH qe- JIOB'BK^? MOH caMHH jryimifi ; MH jiiD6HMi .Hpyra KaK BH 6^,11,6X6 cer6.a,Hfl ? cero.a.Ha ^.ona He BOpK)? JIH BH, HTO a ro- JI oqeHB MaJio noHHMaio Kor,n,a BR roBopHTe. BH roBopHTe TaKi> cKOpo. a BH 6^6X6 cero,a,Hfl Be^epoMij? eHepOM^ ,a O^CHB H03AHO. 125 Reading Exercise No. 86. n cojifla HaaiaiKiOBCKaro regiment fe^yfl HanojieoHa, KyTysos'B no.n.'B'Exaji'B Following after Napoleon Koutouzoff HsMaSjoBCKOMy nojutf, H cnpocHJ!*: ,,ECTB JH y aaci asked 'B, Bania cBfrrjiocTBl" oTBiiajra coj,a;aTH. Serene Highness replied the soldiers ,,A BHHO?" ,ffkT%, Baina CBtTJOCTB." " M T6ate beef Also rpo3HHH BH^, KHflSB KyTysoBi CKasajri: ,,H Having assumed threatening aspect the prince B6JIK) nOBiCHTB npOBiaHTCKHX'B HHHOBHHKOBl. SaBTpa Ha- command to hang of provisions commissaries To-morrow one BesyTi) Baait BHna, xjit6a, M^ca, H BH 6y,a,eTe oT,a,KixaTB. u will hring . . . have a rest ,,IIoK6pHo djiaro^apHMTb!" ,,f(& BOT^ HTO, 6paTU,u, noKa humbly, we thank But look here friends while BH CTaneie OT^uxaTB sjio^ifi-TO , ne floatHAaacB saci . will begin . robber there . waiting for yfiAeTt." jjTor^a" B'B OAHH-B ro.ioc'B BoaonHJiH rBap,n,er]i],ti: will go away . . one voice cried out the soldiers of the guards ,,HaMT> HHiero He Ha,n,o6Ho, tfes'B cyxapefi H Bnna noflAeMi, it is wanted without biscuits . . we shall go ero floroHaTB!" Hpn BTHX'B cjiOBaxi, noAH^Bi rjiasa K'B to overtake at . words having raised (his) eyes . ne6y, (J)e.iB ( !i,MapiiiajT'B npoH3Heci>: ,,BeJiHKiH Boate! M^MX (the sky) heaven the field-marshal pronounced uttered . (God) with what B036jiaro^;apHTB Te6a sa MHJIOCTB, Tro HMiro cnacTBe KO- to thank . for the favour . I hove the goodfortune to Man^oBaTB TaKiiMH MOJioAijaMH!" HeyMOJiKaenoe ypa! command . fine fellows . . OTB'liTOM'B 136 Twenty-seventh Lesson. JIXw aTt cejij.Moft Formation of the present tense. The present tense of verbs ending in the infinitive in TB is formed in the following manner. 1. iiTB is changed into aro and axt into aro: fl$jiwn>, .a/kiaK); ciaTB, to shine CLSJO ; xepaTB, to lose xeparo. 2. Verbs in axt with preceding 3, K, c, T, x, CT, CK take y in the first person after having changed the preceding consonant into ac, % m or m, (v. rules of permutation p. 10) iLiaKaTb, to cry a n.aaiy, luaHenifc ptaaiB, to cut piffiy, ptsemB imcaiB, to write nnuiy, niimeiiiB HCK&TB, to seek nmy, nmeiiiB CBHciaiB, to whistle cenmy, CBHinemB TOiiiaTB, to tread Tonny, Tonqemi, naxaiL, to plough naniy, iiainenit. Note. BTB with a preceding sibilant also takes y (HDIL in the 2nd person): aepataTb, to hold flepaty, ^epatHrai,. 3. axL with preceding 6, M, n is changed into Jiro, JieuiL: KOJie6aTfc, to shake KOJie6jiK), KOJie6jieujB. Note, cnait, to sleep has CIIJIK), CIIHIDB apeMaib, to slumber jpeMjuo, speMjiemb. 4. Verbs in OBaTL, esaTL take yro, 1010 in the first person present tense; those in auim, have aro. TpeSoeaTB, to demand Tpe6yio, 6yeiiiB ToproBaTb, to trade xopryio, yeuib BoeBaxb, to wage war BOIOK), ibemB ^asaiB, to give ^aio, aaeiiib. 5. Verbs in HTL take 10 in the first person, but those with a preceding sibilant take y: roBopHTh, roBOpro but yqHTB, to teach yqy, yquniB. They insert Ji after 6, B, M, n, (J> and change 3, c, #, T, CT into the corresponding sibilant only in the first person sing.: jiiGOHrb, to love JBOOJIK), jubfininb jibCTiiTb, to flatter iLiny, J[I,CTHIIIB. Verbs in IJTL follow those in JITB: rjiflitTb, to see r.waty, rjaAHraB BHciib, to hang samy, BHCiiinb. The inchoatives in &TB (and a few others) have ijro, to have to fast to know, understand to possess to sweat to comprehend to ache, ail to gravitate, 127 6. Verbs in OTB take ro, eraL and those in nyxB ny, neuiB: KOJIOTB, KOJIK>, KOjieniB; racHyxB,racHy, racHemt. 7. Verbs in epexB are contracted into py, peniL: xepe*xB, to rub xpy, xpeuiB; ynepexB, to die yaipy, yMpeniB. after that, then, HOTOMI, adv. to break to celebrate, Circassian, company, society, KOMnairia to deal, trade, ToproBaiL v. a. dirty, squalid, kinsman, relative, Koran, Kopam lame, xpoMofi to make laugh, to read (through), wedding, Exercise No, 27. 1. We are writing a letter to our friend. I am also writing to him. Why is the child crying? Why do you whistle? I am not whistling; I am seeking for a knife to cut the bread. The mother is already cutting it. You are treading on my book. Why is the boy hiding himself? I know that you love him. Everybody must die one day; you will also die. 2. He Bcer,a,a H&itBOT'B ^o^poe cep^e Ti, KOTOptie MHOTO njiaqyTi. HanrinieM'B HHCBMO K'B nameMy OTDJ. IlHuiyTi o CyBoposi, HTO OH'B nacio Kasajicfl He T^MI., KtMl* OHi 6HJII. B'B CaMOMl J&JL'b. KpeCTB^HHH'B nafflCTl) nojie H ctexi xjitd^ ne TOJIBKO BecnoK) HO H oceHBio. AnrjiHHaHe BOK>K)TI> ci 4>paH^y3aMH. HiM'B BH Topryexe? KaKi> ate ^epKecu npas^HyroTi csa^B^y? CHaqa^a Myjuia npo^MTaeii. HM-B qxo-TO nsi) Kopaea; HOTOMI. ^.apaxi MO- JTO^HX'B H BCtx-B HB'B pOACXBeHHHKOB'B; HOXOMl KXO-HH6y^B, Ha cKBepnofi, xpOMOH jiouia.ii.eHK'B, jioMaexca, naacHHiaexi). KOMnaniK). Who is jumping there? You are slumbering. No, I am not slumbering. Children, the father calls you. I trust (hope) that you will keep your word and come again. You are always grumbling against (Ha) God or men. It is hanging in the anteroom. 12* Questions on Grammar. 1. How is the present tense formed in Russian? 2. How is the 1st pers. of the pres. tense of the Verbs to whistle, to plough, to write, to seek formed in Russian V 3. What is the 1st pers. pres. tense of the Verb to shake? 4. Form in Russian the present tense of: to fast, to know, to die, to ache, to rub, to love. Conversation. What do you do in school? The teacher speaks and we listen; he asks and we reply. Are you sitting on the same bench as John? No, I am sitting on the first bench, but he is on the seventh. Do you only read Russian? No, I also write Russian well. Where do you buy this paper ? In the merchant N's shop. Have you a pen? I want to write. I am very sorry, but I have only a pencil. *!TO BH y^HTCJIB rOBOpHT'B, a MH CJiy- maeM'L; OHT. cnpaniHBaeTi, a MH oTB'feraeM'B. TH CH^HfflB C-L HfiaHOMX Ha H-BTX, a CHHty na nepBofi, CKaMeMKi a OH^ na ce#&- MOfi. BH TOJIBKO ^HTaeie no- pyccKH ? Hfct, a TaRJKe niiiiiy xopo- Hio no-pyccKH. r^i BH noKynaexe 3Ty 6y- Mary ? B^ JiaBKi Ky^^a H. ECTL JH y Baci nepo? fl. oqeHB coatajiiro, HO y TOJBKO KapaH.n.aui'B. Reading Exercise No. 27. AHCKJOTH o I. Ha HoTeMKHHa qacio Haxo,u;Hja xaH,a,pd. OH'B, often . whim U.'EJIHM'B CyTKaMl. CVLfl$Jn> OAHffB, EHKOFO K^B a whole four-and-twenty hours he used to sit . nobody . nycKan, B^ coBepuieHHOMX 6e3 ( a,iHCTBiH. allowing . complete inactivity no for ne 129 BI TaKOMi cocTOifmn, . . condition MHOJKCCTBO HaKoniiiocB dyMari, Tpe6oBaBraHx% neMe^JieH- a number . demanding . without delay naro ero paspimeHia; HO HHKTO He CM-BJit ict neMy BOHTH decision . . did dare ct flooaflOMx. a report MOJKWH qHHOBHJlK'B, HO HMCHH IJ-BTymKOB^ HOflCJiyniaB'B by name Pyetouchkoff having listened to TOJIKH, B&3Bajica npe^CTaBHTB nyatHiJa dynarH KHHSK) RXO. the rumours offered himself . the necessary . the prince for noAHHCu. EMy nopy^njiH HX^ ci> OXOTOIO H ci neTep- signature . they confided . . pleasure . . im- D'EHieM'B oacn^ajiH, HTO HSX axoro 6^61^. IIoTeMKHH^ patience they awaited . . . should come xajaTi, 6ocon, HenecaHHH, rpusjl HOFTH B'B sa- morning gown barefooted uncombed biting the nails . . U'BTyniKOB'B CM^JIO o6xaCHHJ r & 6M]f, B'B HCMX thoughtfalness . boldly explained him . what , H nojiojKHJifc npe^t HHMI 6yMam. , placed ... BSHJIT. nepo H no^nHcaji'B o,n;Hy sa Apyroro. ailcntly . the pen . signed ... ROB'S noooHMca H B^meji'B B'B nepe^Hroro ex Topate- . bowed . went out . the anteroom . CTByiomHM^ JIHH.OM'B: ,,no,n;nHcajix! . . ." a triumphant Bci KI HeMy KiieyjiHCB, rjia^TTb: sd* 6ynarH B^ caMOM^ rushed they look . . .in fact no^niicaHH. IliTyniKOBa nos.npaBJi^iOTx: ,,MOJIOA&];'B are signed . . Clever fellow CKasaTB". Ho KTO-TO BCMaTpHBaeTca BI no^nncB and no mistake . somebody inspects . the signature H HTO ate? Ha Bcfcb tfyMaraxi BMicio: ,,KHfl3B . . well .... KHHI>" no.a.nHcaHo: ISO Twenty-eighth Lesson. AB&JWWTL BO cLMo.fi ypoira. Formation of the Past and Future. The Past is also formed from the Infinitive by changing TL into jnb (jia, JIG): flijiaTL, to do ,u,ijiajii, jia, jio; roptrL to burn ropjr&. The inchoative verbs in HJXL have, however, T>J .ia, Jio and those in epext take epx, epjia, epjio: racnyxB, to be extinguished rac-s, racjia, racjro ctixnyxB, to dry coxt, coxjia, COXJIQ xepexB, to rub xep r j>, xep.ua, xepjio yjtepeiB, to die yiwept, yMepJia, piepao Note. The accent of the verb in the past tense is on the same syllable as in the infinitive; in the verbs of epCTt, however, and in it is thrown on the fern, termination: xepi, xepjia, xepjo Future tense. The future tense is formed by adding the future of 6xm to the infinitive: roBOpHTL a 6y&y roBOpiiTL; TH 6yAemi> roBopHTt. Sometimes the verb CTETB to be- come, to begin (ciaey, CTaeenib, CTaseT^, CTaHeMT?, cxaeeTe, CTanyTi,) is used to express the future: a CTany roBopHTL I shall begin to speak. Formation of the Imperative. The Imperative is formed from the 2nd person singular of the present tense by changing CIIIL, HHIL into \i pi. HTC, when the infinitive has the accent on the last syllable; into L pi. LTC, when the last syllable of the infinitive is un- accented and is preceded by a consonant in the 2nd pers. of the pres. tense. And into ft pi. fixe when it is preceded by a vowel: naxaxb, nameiiiL, imp. nainn, naranxe B, JIK)6HniB, JK)6H, JK)6HTe , piatemL, pirn,, piaaxe MyqBraL, My IB, MyiBxe xepaemB, xepafi, xepafixe. The third person imp. is formed with nycxL and the indicative present: nycTL OHT& miineix let him write. Note. Verbs in aiuiTL form the imp. in aBiift,, 6-feataxB, to run has Glirn, 6-ferHxe ixaxB, to go, drive, to travel - 131 adjutant, bark, Kopa Basil, BacHjrm birch-tree, 6ep33a cake, command, to consent, corjiacaiLca court, tribunal, cy^-B discover, H3o6p'j(jcTB disobedience, ocjymaHie to fire off, BbicTp'EjriiTL, v. a. fixed, HasHaiCHHHii headache, roiOBnaji 6o.uB to hesitate, KOJiefiaTLCfl Highness, Excellence, hunter, ^OXOTHHK-B Jacob, to judge, cyjjHTB Lithuania JlHTB uania, to miss, flaTB npoMaxi , to punish, put to death, pretext, npejuorL to run at full speed, jreiiiL BO secB onop-B to rush upon, 6p6o,HTBca size, greatness, seJiHMHHa supper, yaiHH'B to take away, OTH.HTB OTo6paiB thick (very) wood, ApeMyyifi to bring up for trial, OTA&TB Exercise No, 28. 1. She hesitated for along time; at last she consented; on the fixed day she was obliged not to have any supper, and go to her room feigning (under the pretext of) a head- ache. The scholars suppose that the Bohemians first of all appeared in Moldavia in the XVth century and hence they spread all over (no) Europe. He cried bitterly be- cause his mother had not written to him. He will laugh and jump about in the garden to-morrow. 2. Bt O^HOMI* flpeaiy'ieM't Ji-fecy noaBHJica o^HcmAti OrpOMHOH BeJIH^HHli. ^Ba OXOTHHKa, jlKOBfc H Jiiri, piiHHJiHCL y6HTt CTpaninaro SBipjj. Kor^a Fene- BeHMap-L OTHJIJII. o;i,Ha5KAti y CyBopOBa KOMaH^y H L ero no^t BOCHHHH cy^x, sa ocjiymanie, CyBOpOBi cKa3ajn>: ,,Cyji,HTe H KasHHxe a BceiaKH OrHHCKaro nivrB nJlHTBa cnoKonna. JI c r a,'jiaji'B CBOC ghzo rfjianTe CBoe!" ^aJiLiKKi,", OH-L saKpHqajix o.u.HaatAH, .jCKa^H cefiqac* B% neTep6ypri> KI> rpac})y 3y6oBy H ysHan OT^ nero 060 BceM^!" ,,0 HeMt sue, same ciaiejiBCTBO?'* cnpocaji^ a^i)- K)TaH r n. Cnpocii ero TOJILKO: ,,^TO? EaK^? 17$?" OTB^- qaji't CyBOpOBx: ,,CMOTpii ase JICTH CKOpin". They began to walk every day in the forest and to look for (looked for) the bear. Once they met the bear who rushed upon them. Jacob fired but missed. Cut me a piece of bread. When did Peter the Great die? Run to the baker and buy a cake. Love your parents and teachers. 132 Questions on Grammar. 1. How is the future tense formed in Russian? 2. How is the past tense formed in Russian? 3. What is the past tense of the inchoative verbs in 4. What is the past tense of jMOpeTb, coxuyTB, Tepe"Tb? 5. How is the Imperative formed in Russian? 6. How is the Imperative of iiaxaxt, Tepj'iTb, Conversation, You have most probably noticed how gaily the bark of the birch-tree crackles and burns in the fire. Yes, I have noticed it several times, but I don't know why this is so. It is because the bark of the birch-tree contains much resin. Do you know who discovered (invented) the method of salting herrings? The Dutchman Buckel invent- ed it and on this account the Dutch people have erected a monument to him. What did the teacher say to-day, when he entered the class-room? He said "Open the book and read" and when some pupil was reading too softly he cried: Read louder. O BaMiTHJTH, OKI Becejio Tpem.HT'B HnujraeTB na orHii Kopa 6epe'3H. 3TO , HO ne SHaro no- 3TO. 9 r ro noTOMy, ITO B'B Kopi 6epe'3HHJiH 6epecTi jmoro CMOJI6. Snaexe JIH BEI KTO H3o6piji r B cnoco6x COMTB CCJIB^H? H30- 9TOTX ClIOC0t H 3a 9TO rojiJiaHTOEi nocTa- BHJIH 6My HaMJiTHHK'B. roBopHJii. ceroAHfl TCJIB, Kor,u;a OHT& CKasaJTB pacKpofiTe KHiiry H ^HTafiTe, a ecjin KOTOPHH Jiii6o yqeHiiKi THXO, Reading Exercise No, 28. IIp6cB6a, no^aHHaa Boropoji.Hii,* na HMnepaTpiinj Request . our Lady II. notlewoman nponrpajia T^at6y no onpe- had lost lawsuit . de- 133 caMofi HMnepaTpHijH EKaTepHHH, H jmnrajiacB scero cision . . .... csoero HM-ima. OcTaBnracB noiTH HHmero, Bt OTiaamH, almost beggar despair ona piiniijracB np^-ErnyTB KT. nocjTEflHeMy cpe,n,CTBy. decided to have recourse to . remedy YsHaBi, *ITO HMnepaTpHija 6y,a;eTi> BX KasancKOMi, Co66p'fc, Having been informed . ... cathedral ona aBjaeTca Ty,3;a H, noMOJiHBniHCB na KOJTEHax'B nepe^ appears, repairs . . having prayed . . dfipasoMfc EoroMa/repH, nm^eTL TaMi CB06 npoci>6y. image . puts HsyMJieHHaa EnaTepHHa npHKasiiBaeT^ no^aTB ce6i 6yMary The astonished . commands . . H ci> y^HBJieHieMX BH^,HTI>, ^TO B'L nen npHHocHTca 3Kajio6a . amazement . ... is preferred a complaint BoroMaTepn Ha HMnepaTpnnj EKaTepHna OT,ii,aeTi 6yMary against . ... o^HOMy H3^ CBoeH CBHTH ct noBejiiHieMT., HTo6ii . suite, attendants . 9Ty CTpaHHyro npocB6y ^epesx Tpn AHH aBHJiacB BO BTB 8TOi"B ate .UGHB EKaTepana BiTpe6oBajia sent for, called for ero co BHHMameM'B H nocxaHOEHJia HOBOB pimenie. Bi . . attention . decreed . decision nasHaneHHoe speMa ^sopaHKa aBjaexca BO ^sop^i. Ee appointed . . . npaMO BBo^aTt K'B HMnepaTpnu.'B H ona CJI^HIHTI. KpoxKia one ushers in . . . TOJiQC'L EKaTepHHH: ,,!IpocTHTe Mena, MaTymKa, a BHHOBa/ra, Pardon . . . wrong BII npaBH; a Haeecjia sanx oropqenie H CAiJiajia necnpa- are right . caused . affliction . . in- se^JiHBOCTB. H. qejioBiKi H noTOMy noABepmena omii6- justice .... subject to er- KaMTb; TenepB a xopomo pa3CMOTpi.ua Baniy npocB6y, H rors ... . ... HMinie same Bani BOsspaTHTca, H BOTI BaMt em,e narpaji;a will be restored ... . remuneration sa MOK) norpimHOCTB." ^pocHTeJIBHH^a co cjesaMH no- . . fault, error . the petitioner D.'EJiOBajia pjKy rocy^apHBH H BoxHni,eHHaa kined . of the sovereign . delighted flOMOH. 184 Twenty-ninth Lesson. Formation of the Participles and Gerunds. 1. The active Participle present is formed from the third person plural by changing TT> into ni,iH, m,aa, in,ee. iHTaTfe, iHTaroi"L, HHTarcin.!?!, maa, mee. 2. The participle past is formed from the 1st person singular of the past tense by changing jn> into Biiiiii, Binan, Bmee roBopiLat, roBopHBiuin, man, inee. Note If the past tense terminates in i instead of Jii> the par- ticiple past ends in niiii ; cox r t, coxtniw. HCI&VB has has The Passive Participles. The passive participles hare a full and an apocopated termination. 1. The passive participle present is formed from the first person plural present tense by changing into enira, aa, oe and ion, into HMHM; aa, oe. iBiaeMHH, aa, oe. apoc. Note. Verbs in IB, 3TL, CT, TH change eit into OM&ifi and the sibilant of the verbs in IB into the original guttural: 2. The passive- participle past is formed from the past tense by changing ajrL, JUTE, ^1% into aHntiH, aHHuii, iHHHH for the full and anx &c. for the apocopated termination. iHxaji'L, HHraHHHff, HHTaai, read cfl-BiaHHHH, c^iiaHt, done. H.i't is changed into eneuH, keeping the sibilant of the present tense in case of changeable conso- nants and the inserted Ji: HOCHJT6, HOliieHHLIJI ; nyCTHJ'L, nyiHGHKHH. OJIT,, yjix and ep't are changed into OTHM, and epTLiH: KO.IOJ-B, KOJIOTHH; Tponyji-b, TpoHyiHH; Tept, Formation of the Gerunds, The Gerund is nothing but an abbreviated participle form. The Gerund present is formed from the 3rd person 135 pl. present tense by changing IOTI (yxt), HT% (an) into a. (a) or IOHH (y The Gerund past is formed from the past tense by changing Jii into fit or BIHH and % into inn. Note. Reflective Verbs never take BCH but BIUHCB in the Gerund: to abandon, desert, OCiaBHTB, IIOKHHVTB to awake, npoceyTBca comrade, to conclude, to conquer, dead, MepxBHH to disappear, HCiesaiB, HCieauyxB to dread, cTpamnTBca to drown, sarjyuiaTb, noionHTB to fear, 6oaiBca to feign, A&KJITB BH^I, npHTBO- gunpowder, nopoxi hedge, 3a66p-B hope, hut of the Highland tribes of the Caucasus, caKJia jokingly, uiyTJHBO, B* inyiKy to let pass, nponycKaiB, npo- to listen to, monk, MOHa noise, rayM-B to perceive, to receive, rumour, roBOpi to study, yiHTBCfl to try, endeavour, ciapaTBca to whisper, inenxaTB. Exercise No. 29. 1. People who do not fear God are often in dread of men. The hand that gives is better than that which receives. We do not trust him who always speaks un- truths. Perceiving the animal, one of them hid himself; the other being abandoned by his comrade feigned to be dead. Then the hunter who had hidden himself asked his friend jokingly what the bear had whispered in his ear. 2. CM^romiiicH AOJUKCHT. noKasuBaTt CBOH syoti. JIH BH namero OTija sammaiomaroc-s TOproBjreK)? MH BHA^JIH Te'TKy nairkpeBaiomyEOCfl KyiraTL 7 naci. ceroAna 6ujn> renepajii. BOHH6. yiaiu,HMca HyatHo AyMaTB. IIpocnyBiiiHCB a HTO see nc^esjio. Napoleon died after having been vanquished by his ene- mies. The lessons begin in the schools with a prayer and are concluded with another. The Bible has been trans- lated into (Ha) almost all known languages. m The feast was concluded with fireworks burnt on the banks of the river. no 136 Questions on Grammar. 1. How is the active participle present formed in Russian? 2. How is the passive participle past formed? 3. How is the Gerund present formed? 4. Form the Gerund of riiCHyTL, Tep&rb. 5. Form the Participle present and the Gerund past of the verb a- EtlM&T&CJ, 6. How is the passive participle past of nyCTHTt? Conversation. Whom do you call an old man? A man who has lived long in the ^orld is called an old man. Do you know where the Volga discharges itself? Yes, the Volga, coming from the lake Seliger falls into the Caspian Sea. Who discovered gun- pow- der? The monk Berthold Schwartz who was born in Fribourg in the middle of the 14th century discovered it. Which animals are called wild? Those that live in forests. I KTO HasHBaeTca LiOB'EK'b npojKHBniifi ^ojiro na csiTi nasHBaeTca c r ra- 3naeTe JH BH piKa B6.ira? fla, Bojra, BHTeEaromaa osepa Cejmrepa, Bna.a.aeT'B Bt KacnificKoe Mope. r KTO H3o6pi>jr& orHecTpijiB- HHH nopox^? Monaxi EepTOJiB.zii'B IIlBapn.'B, BO $pn6ypri HOJIOBHH'fe XIV aro BT> CTpijILHHH HOpOXi. KaKia atHBOTHna JI.HKHMH ? orne JKHBOT- nua, BX only twenty-year old Heading Exercise No. 29. IH;H. y 6a6n-BAOBH yMept ea woman widow died . CHE'S, nepBufi na ceii p the first . . ' workman. BapHHa, iioMiin;Hn;a TOFO canoro ceja, ysnaBi, o ropi The lady the landholder of this same . having learned grief 6a6H, nonuia Hasteim, ee WL caMea j^eHt noxopoHi. on the very . of the funeral. Ona sacTajia ee AOMa. found her at home 187 CTOH nocpe,n;H H366, nepe^ CTOJTOM'B, ona" He in the middle of the hut . . hastening jjBHJKemeMi npaBoft pyKH (rfsaa BHctjia with a regular movement of the right . the left was hanging lepnajia nyc:r6a UJ.H co xHa saKonxijiaro ropniKa H . bottom of a hesmutted pot . swallowed JIOJKKy 3a JIOJKKOH. JlHIliO 66u OCyHyjIOCB H HOTeMHtJO; spoon after . . . had grown lank . had grown dark rjrasa noKpacnijiH H onyxjrn ... HO ona AepJKajiacB HCTOBO had become red . were swollen . . shood H np^Mo, KaKt BX ijepKBH. . straight ,,r6cno,u;H! no^ynajia 6apuHa, ,,ona can MHHyiy . . . KaKia, o^naKo, y HHX-B y BC'fcxfc rpy6ua H BcnoMHHJia TyrB 6apHHa, KaKt, noxep^Bi, H^CKOJIBKO . she remembered thereupon . . having lost . JFETB Tony Hasan's, ^eBflTHMicflHHyK) flo^B, ona ci ropa years . before nine-months old . ... OTKaaajiacB HaeaTB npeKpacnyK) .na^y noji.'B IIeTep6yproM r B refused to (hire) take a very beautiful villa (country-house) near St.-Petersburg H npojKHJia ijijioe JI^TO BX ropo^-B! A 6a6a stayed the whole summer . . . jKajra xJie6aTB m,H. Eapiras He BiiTepn-BJia tinued . . could bear it at last. ,,TaTBrfna!" npOMOJBHJia ona . . . ,,IIoMHJiyH! she exclaimed . . I am astonished HeyjKejiH TH cfioeBo c6na He JK)6Hjia? KaK^ y Tetfjf He Is it possible that your . . did love .... nponajix anneTHTX? KaK^ MoatemB TH icTB TH ma! lost appetite . ..... ,,Baca Mofi noMepx," THXO nporoBopnjia 6a6a H na- softly . ... 6oji r feBfflia cJie'SH CHOBa no6'BacajiH no e-tf BnajruMi, meKaM^. . tears . . along . hollow cheeks ,,3nagHT r B H MOH npHmeJi-B KOH^-B:" c^ HJHBOH ci MCH^ It means . . has come . .... rojiosy. A iu,aM^ He npona,u;aTB ate: B-B.HB OHH no- . ... must not be lost .... . BaptiHH TOJIBKO HJienaMH noatajia H nonijia her shoulders shrugged . BOH%. EH-TO COJB .nocTaBajiocB A^nieBo. out . . was got cheaply 138 Thirtieth Lesson. Irregular Verbs. We divide the irregular verbs into two groups. 1. Verbs that have the ordinary infinitive termination and, whose irregularity consists in the present and imperative (also passive participle past) and 2ndly verbs that terminate in IB, CTI, 3Tt, TH which are irregular in the past tense. The following monosyllabic verbs ending in TL form their present tense and consequently their imperative irre- gularly. The 16 following in aTB take y in the first person of present tense and some of them insert a vowel: 1. 6paTB, to take, seize: 6epy, 6epemB, 6epri, 2. BpaiB, to lie, babble: spy, BpeniB, spn. 3. reaiB, to drive, chase: romo, rotraraB, TOHH, 4. apart, to tear, pull: aepy, flepemB, flepri, 5. atflaxB, to wait, expect: acay, ^Aeuii., KAI 6. SBaiB, to call: sosy, soseraB, SOBH, 7. xaTB, to squeeze: My, atnieuiB, KMH, 8. ataiB, to harvest, reap: ainy, sHera 9. cjiaiB, to send: DIJK), nueniB, DJIH, 10. cnaiB, to sleep: cn.iro, cnnmB, cnn. 11. CTJiaii), to stretch: CTBJIE), ciejiemB, cxejrH, 12. HaiB (only used with prepositions), to begin: naiHy (I shall begin), II cl *I K C Ml T , Hll^IHHj I3&MiITI)lI}. 13. jraiB, to lie, tell lies: Jiry, jratemB, Jiryi-B, JIFH, jranHBiii. 14. TKaiB, to weave: TKV, TK^OIB, TKH, TKaimHH. 15. ciaiB, to begin (shall, will to show the future tense): ciany, cia- H6IDB, CiaHB. 16. ^aiB, to give: flaw-B (I shall give), The following 5 in HTL form the present tense in wo and the imperative in eft: 17. 6HTB, to beat, strike: 6BK), 6BeraB, 6efi, 18. BHTB, to twist, twine: BBH>, BBSmt, seii, BHTHH, 189 19. JIHTB, to pour, shower: JTBIO, jiteraB, JFC&, JTHTH!. 20. IIHTB, to drink: IIBK>, nBeniB, neff, ira-raw. 21. mHTB, to sew, stitch: IDBK), iDBeraB, mew, The three following verbs form the present tense dif- ferently: 22. 6pHTB, to shave: 6p^K), %&eniB, 6peft, 6pnTHH. 23. THHTB, to rot, putrefy: rmro, rnieniB. 24. atHTB, to live: JKHBy, aHB6mB, atHBH, np6HTHft. The five following in HTL take oio in the present tense: 25. BHTB, to roar, cry: BOK>, soeraB, BOH. 26. KPHTB, to cover: Kporo, Kp6emB, Kpofi, 27. MHTB, to wash: MOID, MoeraB, Moff, MHTHH. 28. HHTB, to ache, to grieve: HOH), noeraB, HOH. 29. PHTB, to dig, hollow: poib, poeraB, pofi, The following four in HTL insert a consonant: 30. HJIMTB, to sail, navigate: n.iHBy, njiHBe'mB, HJIHBH. 31. CJIHTB, to be reputed: cjHBy, cjHBeinB, CJTHBH. 32. CTHII, to grow cold, cool: CTHHy, CTHHemB. 33. 6HTB, to be, exist, happen: 6y,ny, 6yji,einB, 6y^t, 6HBmi5. The following 3 in IITL are irregular: 34. ntxB, to sing, chant: noro, noeiiiB, HOH, 85. spiiB, to see, look at: spro, spnmB, spn. 86. fl-feTB, to put: fut. ^ny, apirt, to ripen, has 3pi, 140 The following 3 in HTL insert a consonant (H) in the present and imperative: 37. MaTB, to knead, crumple: MHJ, 38. naTB, to stretch: imy, nHemB, IIHH, iraflTHii (pacnaiB). 39. (OTH)JITB, to take (away): (oxH)HMy (I shall takeaway), (OTH)HMH, (OTH)STHH. > Note. nflTB and HTB are only used in connection with prepo- sitions: pacnHHaTB, pacnaiB, to crucify; aTb is connected with the preposition by an H: noflnnMaiL, noji;HaTB, to raise, lift up; o6HH- , 06 Hait, to embrace, to hug, squeeze. The following 3 verbs have an irregular formation: 40. BSflTB, to take: (fut.) BOSBMy, B03Biie'M'B, BOSBMH, 41. BHHyTL, BHHHMaiB, to take out, up: BBray, BHHemB, 42. AyTB, to blow: ayro, AyemB, xy&, The following 3 have also several irregularities: 43. 6i2taTB, to run: 64ry, 44. xoxtiB, to desire: xoiy, x6^efflB, x6^eii, XOTHMI, XOTHTO, xoran. 45. ixaiB, to travel: i*y, i^efflB, Past: ixaji, a, o. Future: noi^y, n Imp. : 141 badly, iu6xo to break through, to breathe, AHmaTL current, stream, cxpya, floor, ground, non, tO flow, furniture, linen, 6-6.11,6 pane (of glass), plant, paciGHie probably, sipoaTHO soap, song, tailor, Exercise No, 30. 1. We are now living in the country. Do not throw stones, you will break a pane. Whither are you driving the horses? Those who sow will not always reap. The husbandman reaps his corn. Whoever talks much pro- bably lies somewhat as well. He who flatters, lies and does not love those whom he flatters. Pour out a cup of tea for the child. Sing us one of your songs. 2. ECJIH coBpeniB oflnaasflH, TO H noc.dj Te6 HHRTG ne BcxaHB no yxpy, ne JTEDHCB; MHJIOM^ BHMoilca, yTpncB. Bo^a noHTi> HejiOB-BKa, H JKHBOTHOC H pacieHie. Bo,n,6K) MOBOT^ H T-fejio H BC^Kyro yisapB, H no^i B'B a;njiHiii,'B qe.ioB'EKa, H cinpaiOT'B 6ijiBe. MEI set HBCM^ BOJI.y H .U.EiniHM'B BOS^yXOMX; 663^ BO^BI H BOS^yxa MH H6 MoaceM-B JKHTB, a noTOMy r^t atHByx^ Jiro^H Taut H CCTB Bo,n;a H Bos^yx'B. CTpyfiKa JiBexca KGB CTpyfiKi, H BOT^ npo6BK)Tca oni HSX-HO^'B SCMJIH CBfejnjM^ xojro^HHMi KJID- H jiBexca no seMJii 3TO, a HOHTH noiepaj'B Ha^eac^y. 3KeHin,HHH, Hac'B, nonpaTajiHCB. BOT^ npnciji'B a y 3a66pa H CTajii. npncjiyiiiHBaTBca, CTapaacB He nponycTHTB HH o,n,Horo cJiOBa. Haor^a myn-B nicen^ H roBop H3i, caoH, sarjiyiiiajiH jno6onHTHHH .a.Jia In the morning I drink milk, but my sister drinks tea. Send your servant. My tailor sews very well. Cover the dish with your plate. Take him by (sa c. ace.) the hand, he is waiting for you. The wolves were howling round us. 142 Questions on Grammar. 1. How is the Imperative of 2. How is in Russian the passive participle past of the Verbs: to squeeze and to reap? 3. Form in Russian the Imperatives of: to sleep, to drink, to live, to roar, to wash, to blow. 4. Form the passive participle past of: to shave, to pour, t6 drink, to weave, to wait, to stretch. 5. Conjugate the Verb Conversation. Who lives in this house? Good people live in this house. Why do you sleep so late, your colleagues have already been at work a long time? I am somewhat unwell to-day. If so, then sleep a little more. Listen, John, take the glass go into the kitchen, pour out a little vinegar, and bring it here. Go, be quick. Immediately, my lady. Where is my daughter? She is in her room, sewing something. Go and tell her that I want her (translate: calling her). Who knocks at the door? It is I. Open it. Come in. The key is in the lock. What do you want? I wish to speak to you about your education. KTO MBe'TT> BTb STOMl, flOldi? BT, ATOM'S 6pue TH CIIH1HL TaKi II03J1,HO, TBOH TOBapHm,H Mirk cero^na ne3ji;op6BHTca. ECJIH TaKQb, TaK^ cnn em;e HeaiHOJKKO. IIocjiymaH, Hsam^, BOBBMH , ciynaii BTB Kyxnio HCMHOJKKO yKcyca H npHHecii ciriiiiH. *1TO- a ee Ely CB06H TO mL6TT). cKajKii efi 30By. KTO CTVHHTt BX BTO a. OmpofiTe ace. BX BH XOTHT6? xo^iy noroBopHTB ci, o BameMi> 148 Reading Exercise No. 30. Tnnie Kyueui na napi Jionia^efi no HepoBHoS ,n,op6rE, uneven 6&CTpO, KaKfc TOJILKO M05KHOJ BH^HO, TIO OHi T0p6- . precipitately (rapidly) . . . . is in iraTca. HarHajifc OHX MyacHKa n-Emexo.iiia H haste he overtook . peasant foot-passenger . ,,CKajKH, noatajiyHCTa, dpaTeii.'B, Mory JIH a KX HOTO ^o ropo^a?" MyasHK^B nocMOTp-ta. Ha Kojieca H ,,ECJIH Tiime no'fe.neinB, TO npii^eniL H paHLine. BOT'B H a ." Pascep^Hjica Kyneu,!. na rjiyimii . he became angry . . . advice jioma^efi H ycKanaji^. Ciajio TeMHiTt, llpomejii, he whipped ... It began to grow dark ' K^ sepCTTb naTL H BH^HTX: ^TO-TO CTOHT'B na flopori; verst ... . . H ysnaeTfc BHaKOMyro Teiiry, a OKOJIO ne^ cart Kyneii.'B. bustles ,,UoMorH, ^paTeu.'B'*, CKasajii. Kynen.t, Help me (imp.) . .. t 6n HOMO^L, ^a to help Kt, ,,KOJieca sepeBKaMH ne CBaateniL, a cJioMannoH OCH with ropes you cannot bind together . axle-tree H no^aBHo! IIoro^H neMHoro, a npnuijuo Te6i HOMOID;!.!'' 5 . Wait a little . I shall send . assistance H noineii. MyjKHK^ OTiicKHBaTL Ky3Heii,a, a HOTOMI, npa- he 6aBHJii niary H B^ HOJIHO^L 6ujii. yjKe ET> ropo^i. A quiclcened his pace . . .... npoHoqesajii BI Ky3HHu,i H TOJIBKO na . the smithy, forge ... o6pajica #0 ropo^a. he reached 144 Thirty-first Lesson. Tpn, 111,51x1, ngpiiBift ypoKi. Irregular Verbs. (Continuation.) Verbs terminating in HB, 3TB, CTB, TH are irregular in so far as the present tense never takes a sibilant before the y and that the past tense and the imperative are formed from the first person of the present tense by changing y into x, Jia, Jio in the past and into H in the imperative (when y is accented), or into L (when it is unaccented}'- ciepeqB, ciepery, ciepen, ja, jo, ciepern jiisiB, jrfesy, jrfesi, ia, JIG, list. Verbs in CTB, CTH take JTB, Jia, Jio in the past tense but fliiiiii, Tiuift in the participle: opeciH, 6pejy, 6pe.ai>, 6pejinifi M6CTH, MBiy, MGJ'L, The following 4 verbs in STB take sy in the first person of the present tense and are conjugated as follows: 46. BesTb, Beam, to carry: pres. sesy, 3eini>, 3yxi>; past seai, 3Jia, SJIQ; imp. B63H; BCSeHHHH. 47. rpH3TB, to gnaw: pres. rpnsy, seraL, syn; past rpnsi., 3Jia, 316; imp. rpusn; 48. i$m, to climb: pres. jisy, seraL, JiisyTi,; past jisi, 3ia, SJG imp. JiisL. 49. DOJI3TH, to creep, crawl: pres. noisy, seniB, nojisyit; past HOJISI, 3ia, 3Jio; imp. no.isii. The following 8 verbs in CTB, CTH take fly in the first person sing, of the present tense and are conjugated as follows: 50. 6.ODCTH, to keep, guard : pres. 6.iK),ay, flemb, #m>; past ftiJtai, Jia, ao ; imp. 6ji,nH; part. 6jiK)AeHHHH. 51. 6pecra, GpoflHTB, to ramble wander: pres. 6pe,ay, Aemt, 6peAyTi,; past 6peji, ja, Jio; imp. 6peji;ii. 52. BGCTH, to lead, conduet: pres. se^y, AemB, lyit; past BCJI, Jia, Ji6; imp. BCAK; part. BefleaHBiff. 53. rpacTH, to go, come: pres. rpjuy, ^emB, .nyii,; past wanting; imp. rpfltfii. 54. oacTB, to put, set, lay: pres. KJia,ny, xemB, ^yit; past KJiaji, Jia, 10; imp. KJUAU; part. 145 55. npacxB , to spin: pres. npjy, ^eraB, ayri; past npaJTB, la, Jio; imp. npjuii; part. npaAGHHUM. 56. nacxB, to fall: najy (fut. na^y), naaemt., jyxt; past iiaji-B, la, Jio; imp. The following verbs have f ry in the present tense: 57. rneciH, to press, squeeze: pres. reexy, xemB, xyxt; past wanting; imp. rnexii; part. rHexe'HHHH. 58. MCCTH, to sweep, give a sweep: pres. Mexy, xemB, xyxt; past Me'JTB, jra, Jio; imp. Mexii; part. MexeHBbifi. 59. nacxH, to perturb: pres. Maxy, xemB, xyxt; past MHJTB, Jia, Jio; imp. Mflxn; pert. MnxemiBifi. 60. njrecTH, to braid, tress: pires. njiexy, emB, yxi>; past nnem,, ja, jo; imp. njiexa, part. njieienHbiH. 61. picxH (oCpicxn), to find out (only used with prepositions): pres. piyry, einb, yxi,; past p-tjii, Jia, Jio; imp. p-fexii; part. ptxemibiH. 62. HB'bciH, to bloom, blossom: pres. u,BiTy,'enn>, yn,; past nuim-, Jia, Jo; imp. netxii; part. uBtxeimiifi. 83. no^ecxb, to regard, deem: pres. ixy, ^xemB, ixyxi; past HJIO; imp. HTH; The following 10 verbs in CTH, CTL are conjugated as follows: 64. rpecxn, to row, oar, paddle: pres. rpe6y, emr>, yx-B'; past rpe6-B, Jia, Jo; imp. rpe6a; part. rpefteHHufi. 65. CKpecxn, to scrape: pres. cKpe6y, 6einB, 6exx; past CKpefti, Jia, JIG; imp. cKpe6n; part. cKpe^enHBiif. 66. HCCXH, to carry, bear: pres. necy, ceraB, CJX-B; past HCCB, cjia, c.io; imp. HCCH; part. iieceHUHM. 67. nacxn, to pasture, graze: nacy, einB, yxi>; past naci,, cja, cj6; imp. nacn; part. iiaceiiHBiH. 68. xpflciii, to shake, jolt: pres. xp^ry, ceniB, cyxi.; past xpaci, cjia, cjo; imp. xpflcn; part. 69. pocxri, to grow, shoot: pres. pocry, eraB, yx-B; past poet, cjia, imp. pocxa; part. 70. KjACTb, to curse: pres. iu;uiy, HeraB, Hyxx; past njuun,, Jia, JO; imp. KJUIHH; part. KJ^THH. 71. ctcxL, to sit, sit down: fut. cajiy, emB, yxx; past eta, Jia, .50; imp. C^AB. 72. icxB, to eat: pres. -B-MT,, 4inB, text, -fe^HMt, t^nxe, i^Tt; past Jia, Jio; imp. traB, imbxe, iAOMHil. 73. HXXH or H^XH, to go: pres. n^y, H^einB, luert, H^yxt; past uiJta, rajio; fut. 6y^y HXXH or nofi,a;y; imp. HJJH; part rarely used. 146 The verbs in TL are conjugated in the following manner 74. 6epeHB, to take care of, watch: pres. 6epery, fiepexeiiib, 6eperyr&; past 6eperB, rjia, IMO; imp. Oepeni; part. 6epejKeHHBifi ; in the same manner is conjugated npeneSpeiB. 75. ate IB, to burn: pres. ttry, JKateiiiB, xryn; past acerx, acrjia, atrjio; imp. JKFH; part. ateHUbiii. 76. MOIB, to be able: pres. nory, MOJKeinB, Moryxi,; past HOPE, oa, MO; imp. MOFH. 77. npaiB, nparaxB, to put horses to, to join: pres. npary, JKeoiB, ryxx; past nparB, rjia, rjio; imp. nparii; npa/KeiiiiHH only used with prepositions. 78. npaxaxB, npaiB, to hide, conceal: pres. npriiy, npriieiriB, npaqyn; past upar'b; imp. npjiiB; part. aparaHHBft. 79. ciepeiB, to guard, watch: pres. ciepery, atemB, ryri,; past cie- peri,, rjia, FJIO; imp. CTepern; CTepeatennHH. 80. CTPHIB, to shear, cut (hair, wool): pres. crpnry, ateiiiB, ryn>; past cTpni'i, r.ia, r.'io; imp. cipiirH; CTpnaeaHuft. 81. Jie'iB, to lie down: fut. xnry, ji^atemB, jaryrB; past Jierx, oa, r^o; imp. Ji^ri, .lar-re. 82. BJCHB, to trail, draw along: pres. BjeKy, ^CIDB, Kyii,; past BJICK-B, KJia, KJIO; imp. BjieKy; part. BJieieHHbiM. 83. BOJOHB, to draw, drag: pres. BOJioity, ^eniB, Kyxi.; past BOJIOKI, K.ia, KJIO; imp. BOJIOKH; part. BOJiOHe'HHBiM. 84. neiB, to bake, fry: pres. neuy, iemB, Kyix; past neKi, oa, 06; imp. neiiii; part. neiemiHH. 85. neqBca, nemiicB, to be baked: pres. neKycB, -^eraBca, -Kyxca; past ueKca, -KJiacB, K.IOCB; imp. HCKHCB. 86. peiB, peuui, to speak: pres. peity, ^iemB, KJTB; past pe'Kx, K^a, 06; imp. peKii; part, pe'iennuif. 87. ciiB, to chop, mince: pres. ciny, ^emB, Kyxt; past ciK'i, iua, 06; imp. ciKH; part. ciieeaBifi. 88. TCHB, to flow, run: pres. Teuy, ^emB, KyTt; past TCKX, Kjra, KJO; imp. T6KH. 89. TOJIO%, to pound, grind: pres. xojiKy, ^ernB, Kyxi,; past TOJIOKI, KJia, KJIO; imp. XOJIKH; part. 90. ^HTB, to repose, has pres. niro; past IHJII; imp. 91. sjjaxB, build, has pres. SH^AV; past 3,a,ajn,; imp. SH/K^H; part. 3 92. ma6HXB (ymn6HXB, to hurt, wound) is used only with prepositions and has pres. yura6y, 6euiB, 6yxx; past yiiiHdt, 6ja, 6jio; imp. yiim6H; part. 147 bark, boat, 6apKa to bless, 6jiarocjioBjiaTB to care, 3a66iHTtca cloth, linen, XOICTI/ IIOJIOTHO coal, yrojL, a to complain, flax , to flow together, to load, miser, CKyneo.'L Moses, Monceft mouse, MHIHL, H passable, pretty good, pit, jraa rifle, carabine, shirt, pyGainKa sour, KHCJIHH. Exercise No. 31. 1. The miser guards his treasures (riches) day and night. In winter we burn coal; it is cheaper than wood. The Seine flows through Paris. The mice have gnawed up the shirts. Sit down. We are eating fruit. Don't eat these apples, children, they are too sour. We shall come to-day. Serpents creep on the ground but birds fly in the air. All those who could swim saved themselves. 2. KpecTBaHe npn^yT^ JLern* H TKyTt XCJCTB. He pofi SMH, caM^ ynaji,einL. Cnacmn MOK) HCCTL, TH enact 5KH3HL. He KJIUHH 6paTI, JIK)6HMHH, HO 6jiarOCJIOBJiafi. yme nopjl.a.oqHaji pi^Ka TeieT'B deperaxi.. Eiatirrt pi^Ka BCTpi^aeTca c.% cojiLK)Tca H no6iryTTE, BMicii. ILjiUEjT^ no piKi JIRO. 6apKH, Harpyate'HHEia ^,0 sepxy TOBapOM'L. p^Ea 6ojiBnim 6oraxcTBa H3T> c r rpaH6 BTB CTpan/ MH r B CBOK) jLoma^B, H a c.n.'BJiaK) Bee TJ?O TH xo^eiflB; yKpa,a,y xe6a y oTii,a jryqaiyro ero BHHTOBKy, Moses was then a shepherd and guarded Jethro's flocks. Eat only when you are hungry. Put your things where I have put mine. Care not only for yourself but also for others. There are people who care only for themselves and never help others, even when they hear them com- plain. 148 Questions on Grammar. 1. What is the past tense of 2. What is the Imperative of IIOJISTII? 3. What is the pres. tense of OJIIOCTH? 4. What is the Imperative of naexb? 5. Form in Russian the pres. tense of the verhs: to sweep, to perturb, to spin, to butt, to row, to grow. 6. Conjugate in Russian the verb to eat. 7. What is the Imperative of HTTH? 8. What is the 2nd pers. sing. pres. tense of the verb 9. What is the Imperative of sKeib? Conversation. What had John Susanin done? He had saved the Czar Michael Feodorovitch from death. Have you brought my new hat? Not yet, but I promise to bring it this evening to- gether with your summer coat. Give me some clean linen; all my linen is already soiled. Your linen is with the laundress, but there she is bringing it, I think. Is it well washed? It is as white as snow. TaKOe CycaHHHt? enact uapa Mnxaiijia OTI> CMepra. JLH TH MOIO HOBVK) ? Him* enje, HO a o6ui,aK) npunecTH cero^HH Beie- BM'BCTii CIOpTyKOM'B. Ilo^an MH Bee Moe 6 r iLe VJKC sana- pano. Bame 6ijiBe y npa^tKH, HO BOTX ona, KaateTcs, H ero HeceTi,. XopOmO JTH OHO M^TO? OHO 6ijio KaK-L Reading Exercise No. 31. II. EKaTepiraa II, B-B pascMOTpimn .zrjfejix, OCO^CHHO . . the examination specially Kacaronr.Hxcji AO o6BHH6Hm jno^eu HJIH #0 pimeHin y^acTH having regard (reference)] to the accusation of people or decision fate icjioB'EHecKOH, 6u.sa Tait^ ociopoacna, HTO cana 6jiarocTL, human . so cautious herself clemency H9 , He Morjra npeBSofiTH ee BI ^ejroB%Roj)6iH. Ofl it seems . could surpass . . philanthropy . sanHMaacB flfciaMii, qnTaeTX ona 6yMara. Bx Ka- occupied . reads . . y Hea* 6mia ,n,iiBHu,a AjieKcaH^paBacHJiLeBHaBHrejiB- cabinet (study) . . maiden Alexandra daughter of Vasily Engel- rapfl'B, mieMHHHHii;a HoTeMKiraa, KOTOpyro osa OHCHB juodiiia. gard the niece Potemkin whom . very much iKaTepHHa, no npo^TeeiH dyuarn, xorfjia no^nacaTL; HO after (the perusal . was about to sign Bflpyri ocTanoBHJiacB, no^ynajia Hearaoro, B^Banyja ^mnKt, suddenly checked herself she reflected a little she drew out a drawer noJioiKHja ee Ty.ua, H OH^TB saABHHyjia. HOTOMTE. o6paxH- placed it there . again pushed it in Then she turned round, jacB K'B fl'BBHn.'B BHrejiBrap^ H cnpocnjra ee: (addressed herself) . . .she asked ,,3flaemB JIH TH, saniM^ a ry 6ynary cnp^Tajra?" Do you know . why . I hid ,,He 3Haio, rocyAapiiHa." madam .jSaT-BMt", npoAO^JKajia EEaTepHHa, ITO Ha^o6no Because continued . . nncaTB npnroBop'B, a a nyBCTByro ce6^t . a condemnation . . I feel . dull CK^Ka BHymaeifc cyposocTB. Bs TaKOM'B dulness suggests severity . . disposition He AO-MKHO npncTynaTB K'B p-BmeniK) no^;66HLix r B one ought ... of similar ; a yme STO na^ codoro ncnmTaJia. MH* cjry i iajioCB, . already . . . nave experienced . has happened iTO 8% Bece'jiHH qaci npo^HTasi TO, TTO pimiijia BT> cheerful . having read . . , a naxo^HJia ce6^ cjininKOMi CTporoK), H caMa dull . have found . too seveie , CBOHM^ 6Bijia ne^OBOJiBHa. dissatisfied 150 Thirty-second Lesson. TptfjmaTL BTOpoft Prepositions. The Russian prepositions are either inseparable or se- parable. The inseparable prepositions govern no particular case but they often alter the meaning of the word with which they are connected: cipoHTB, to buiid i>, to disarrange. The separable prepositions govern a certain case. The genitive is required by the following: 6e3t, without nxn, for *o, till Hst, from, out of oil, from pajn, for the sake of y, at, with 6iH3t, near BflOJiT,. lengthwise BITBCTO, instead of H3-L-3a, from behind from undero.ear.fc besides MHMO, past, by OKOJTO, near OKpecTt, around , out, beyond B03JT&, beside, by, near beside, side by side , except nosaflH, behind nocjrB, after nocpe'KCTBOM'L, by means of npestfle, before npdTHBt, against nacy npOTHBt, over against, vis-a-vis noBepxt, over CBepxt, beyond, above cpeAH, in the midst. With the dative are used KI to and sonpeKH in spite of. With the accusative are used npesi (gepcst), CKBOSL through and npo The prepositions that govern the instrumental are: over, MeXay or Meatt among, between; Meatfly is also used with the genitive. With the prepositional is used npn near. 151 to arise, come from, nponsofiiH carnivorous (of prey) XHID;HHM (3B-BPL) Chinese, KHxaeirt Christmas, PoraflecTBo XPHCTOBO coin, money, Moneia to coin, leuaHHTB tO Consist, COCTOOTL (H3T,) of copper, M^HHfl cream, CJIHBKH to depend upon, to distinguish, fox, JHCHD,a inclination, HaooHe"Hie marten, Kyimua otter, BHflpa Passover, Ilacxa to pass by, npoxoflirn, in preference, npeHMymecTBeirao ^o reign, n,apcTBOBaTL rising, BOCXOJI.'L setting, BaxpatAenie social, o6mecTBeiiHHH "Whitmonday, winter corn, OBHMHM Exercise No, 32. 1. London is situated on the Thames. Peter the Great reigned from 1701 till 1725 A. D. Plato lived in the 3rd century B. C. Without water and air man cannot live. Various objects are made from wood. He passed by a hut and heard a voice. It was about 9 o'clock in the evening. Instead of your old books, you have now new ones. The Chinese drink tea without cream and without sugar, more for the sake of health than for that of pleasure. 2. HST. sojioTa qeKanflTi MoneTy; Kpon-fe Toro, noKpiiBaiOTi, pasnua cepe6paHEifl H Miirnua Beni,n. -imeis pym>eBTE> nponcxo^TT) pi^KH. HOILK) Baio r r r B BpeMJi OT'B saxoat^enui ^o Bocxo^a cojiHi;a. osHMtiM'B x,i^6aM p & npHHa.n.jiejKH'rb npeHMymecTBeHHc KpoMi Eosaro ro^,a KT> caMiim BaatHUMt npa3,a,HHKaMi B$ ro^,y npnna^ji^ataTi, TaKme Ilacxa, ^yxoBL AGHB H Poat- XpHCTOBO. Kl> XHUl.HHM'L SBipaM xopeKt, Bti^pa H Man keeps the domestic animals for his own use. The wild animals do not depend on him. Cows have horns. Among all the creatures that inhabit the earth, man occu- pies the first place. Many qualities distinguish him from the animals. Man consists of soul and body. Man has by nature an inclination to social life. 152 Questions on Grammar, 1. How are the prepositions divided in Russian. 2. Translate into Russian: to build and to disarrange. 3. Name some prepositions governing the genitive case. 4. Name some prepositions governing the instrumental. 5. Translate into Russian: in spite of. 6. Translate: beyond, over. Conversation. Is it far from your house to the school? No, it is not far. Where is your school (sit- uated) ? It is (situated) in this stone- house. Does your teacher also sit on a bench? No, only the pupils sit on benches, but the teacher sits on a chair. Shall we soon arrive? Yes, we shall soon be at the end of our journey. What is there between you? He has been laughing at me. What is your name (transl. How does one call you)? My name is John. Listen. Whither does this way lead (transl. leads this way)? This way leads directly into the village. How many versts is it from here to the town? About twenty. Must one pass over rivers? No, but one must pass over mountains. ,3,a.ieK6 JLE OTB saraero He HaxoAHTca same yra- OHO naxoflHToa B'B 3TOMi> Ka- MCHHOM'B AOM-E. Bams, ywreJiB Toace CH^HTI Ha CKaMGHE^? yqeHHKii CH^TT* na a yiHTejiL CH- na CKOpo JTH MH ^a, MH CKOpo ^ocTHrneM'L ,3,0 KOHn,a Hamero nyxeuie- TaKoe MeXny nacM-fexajica na^o MHOHX axa . Ky,a,a Mena cji ji,op6ra ^opora npano CKOJIBKO Bepc r rx OTCib.na ropo^a? Haji,o JIH ^ piKH? , HO HymHO npoisatdTB ropn. 153 Reading Exercise No. 32. I. ^odpOTa CyaiapoKOBa. HeTpoBirrB CyMapoKOB'B Bt nocjii^me Son of Peter Somnarocov . the last years CBoefi JKH3HH xy^o aannMajica xo3SHCTBeHHHMH ji$Jia,m H badly occupied himself with domestic OHH npnnuii BTE. coBepmeHHHH yna^oKt. Meac^y TEM^, npo- went to complete wreck Yet . pas- xo^a oflHajKAH B MOCKB-B no yjinii.'B, ont BCTpiTHJit ciaparo sing . ... . met HspaeeHHaro HHBaiH,zi;a, KOTOpufi nonpociiJii y nero MHJIO- covered with wounds invalid who asked CTHHK). He HMta ^ener'B HH BX KapMaei, HH AOMa, AJTGK- alms . having money neither . (his) pocket nor at home HeTpoBHqx CHajit C-B ce6^ IHHTHH renepajiLCKiH took off . general's H OT^ajni ero HHBajni^y, a caM'B BOSspaTHjica uniform . . . . . returned OHQH Bi OAHOM'B KaMBOJli. home small waistcoat. II. AneK^OTt odt EKUTepuirli II. He jno6Ma HayuiHHnecTB^. O^Haat^n ona . not did like slander nporflifiajiacL Ha O^HOFO nst CBOHX'B 1 n;oKJia r a; T iHKOB r B. got angry . one of her reporters ^pyron AOKJia^HKX, atejiaa em,e 66jiie B036y^HTL npoTHBt wishing still more to arouse, excite against CBoero TOBapHn,a Hey^OBOJiBCTBie HMnepaTpiiii,H nameji'L colleague displeasure . found y^HBifi cjiy^aa saroBOpiiTB o HCMI c^ HeB^ro^eon CTO- convenient opportunity to begin a talk . . from a disadvantageous . ponfi. EKaTepHna, BiicjiyniaB'B ero, CKasajia: ,,)! ca,Ma na- having heard out . . . myself had ^HHajia o He'MTb .nynaTt xy^o, HO BH BI MHCJiaxi, MOHXI begun . . to think ill ... thoughts ero nonpaBjijfeTe. . improve 154 Thirty-third Lesson. Tpii^aTt ip&riH ypoicx. Prepositions used with two cases. With the accusative and instrumental are used sa, for, as, behind no^t, under, near, at nepe^-i. (Hpe^t), before, beforehand. With the accusative and prepositional: BX, Ha, o (06^). 3a, noA'Bj npe^x, Bt, Ha govern the accusative when the verb of the sentence conveys the idea of motion and replies to the question- whcre-to, whither, KV,fl,a. When implying rest and replying to the question where? idn>, 3a, nojvt, npejvi, require the Instrumental and BI, Ha the pre- positional. OH-L no-fcxajrt BI nerep^ypri, he went to St. Petersburg OH-I> SHJIX, B-L HerepGypr-fe, he was in St. Petersburg. 0, o6i>, 060 in the sense of against governs the accu- sative, In the sense of about it is used with the prepos. Prepositions that govern three cases. With the genitive, accus. and Instr.: c$. In the sense of from it governs the genitive, about accus., with Instrum. With the dative, accus. and 'prepositional no. When expressing the idea of time, motion, manner it requires the dative. In the sense of till, as far it requies the accus. When meaning after it governs the prepos. Note. Prepositions terminating in a conson. with i> change the t before a word beginning with two consonants into o: KO Mirfe. is used before words beginning with a hard vowel and 060 before two consonants. 156 to attack, nanajart (Ha) bush, costly, crab, paKx (xopcsdfi) echo, 9xo, oxrojiocoKi fog, mist, TyMaHt to gather (fruits), globe, inapt (SHMHOH) hail, loud, rp6MKi5 metal, ore, pike, myKa pond, npyjt-b to resound, OT3HBaTtc* sleep, COH^J spark, HCKpa steel, useful, Exercise No. 33. 1. The earth contains in its interior many useful and costly metals. In water are found (exist) many animals such as: fishes, crabs &c. During the day (instr.) we see in the sky above us the sun and during the night the moon and many stars. Night is called the time from sunset to sunrise. The year is divided into four seasons, namely: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In spring nature awakes from its wintry sleep. 2. o6jiaKOB r B Bo;a,a , CH'EroM'B HJIH na 36010 IH,yKa ET> npy- osepax'B H piiKax'B, pocTe'T'B gpesBHqafiHO cKopo H T^ BejiH^HHOK) ct ^eJiOB-BKa; Maco ea ynoTpe6ji)ieTCJi BI nnmy CBteee, cyuie'HHoe H cojienoe. Yropt noxoact na SM^^). ETHII.!! notbTi, H BLIOTX rHisAa no JiicaM^ H ca^aMi). 3a BCCHOIO cxi^yeT'L jrixo. 3a ji^TOMt cji'bji.yeT'B OC6HB. OCCHLK) Ca^OBHHKH CEHM&WTL VL J^epeBI, fl^JIOKH, rpyiim H CJIHBIJ. Bci xpncTiane Be^y'r^ ji'BTOcqHCJieHie OTT> Poat^ecTsa Incyca Xpncxa, H TenepL npouuio yace 66- COTI> JTBT^ c^ Tixi, nop^, KaKi. OHX C r rajiB H3Aae f ri OTI ce6ri HCKpii, CCJIH ee y,n,a- O6i TBe^HH KaMCHB. The wild animals live all over the globe, but especially in those parts where there are many forests and few people. Many animals attack men. The nightingale sits (down) upon a bush or a branch of a tree and sings so loud that the echo resounds all over the forest (neighbourhood, OKpeCTHOCTB, H.). 156 Questions on Grammar. When are the prepositions BT. and Ha used with the preposi- tional? 2. "When are the prepositions sa, no^i.' and npe^t used with the accusative? 3. What is the difference between o and 061? 4. When is o used with the accusative? > 5. How would you translate into English the preposition CTB with the genitive case? 6. Translate into Russian: with me. Conversation. Is this true? Yes, it is quite true, I have seen myself how he pull- ed his hair. He must be punished for it. Where are your papers and books? He has thrown them into the fire. To which hotel do you go, gentlemen? To the St. James Hotel. You want two bedrooms on - the second floor? No, I want one double-bedded room on the first floor. BipHO JIH 9TO? ,H,a 3TO BH- ero 33, EOJIOCH. Ero ^ojiiKHo sa STO naKasaTL F^i TBOH 6yMarn H KHHTH? OH-B nxx 6pocHJi r B B^ OFOHL. Bob KpTopyro rocTHHHHii,y BH no'B.neTe rocno,u;a? rocTHHHn,y BH XOTHTC ^s cnajiBHH B^ BTOpOMt BTaJK-B? a xo^y o^ey cnajiLHio KpOBaTflMH nepBOMi Reading Exercise No. 33. llpii ,!, HiKor,n,a o.n.Ha 6 r fe,ii 1 Haa Once . . widow deserving, worthy BpeMa xoAioa B'B Cenar't c^ npouiemeMT. o weat . Senate . a petition neHcioH-B sa cjiyat6y ea nyata; HO en OTKastiBajiH HSBicT- pension . service . husband . . . with the well HOH jioroBopKofi: npHAH, MaTymKa, known saying come madam 157 , OH& npudirjia Kt Bajra'KHpeBy, H TOTI . . she had recourse . . . B3&ICH efi IIOMOI'B. he undertook to help Ha .npyron fleHB OHT& HapflAHjrt e B% lepnoe njiaTLe, he arrayed . . black dress Haji3mHJi na Hero 6yMaatHtie 6njieTH ex Ha^nnctK) : ,,npH,a,H he pasted upon . . paper - cards . the inscription H nocTaBHJi'B ee B$ BTOMX naptf.a.'E BX ciHaxi, placed ... . .the vestibule OTopua HJJKHO 6&io HPOXO.HHTB rocy^apio. through . had to pass BOTI npiisataeTi. He'ipx BeJiHKiH, BXO^HTI Ha KpmiLn;6 he comes . . staircase H . perceiving . HTO 9TO it means BaiaKHpeB'B oTBiinaeT'B: SaBTpa o6x ^TOMX ysnaeniB, At once I want exclaimed MaJIO JIH MH HTO XOTHMX, ^a H6 BC6 we want ... ; a TH BSOH^H npesK^e Bt npncyTCTBie, ji,a cnpocn enter first . court of justice ; CCJIH OH^ ne cKaateTX Te6i saBTpa, xaKt the secretary . h will say TH TOT^aCX 3K6 ySHaefflB, ^TO 3TO SHa^HTt. ra^ajica, BX qeiii> ,a,tjio, BomejrB Bt CenaTi guessed . what the matter was H rposHO cnpodiix ceKpeTapa: . sternly learB npocHT^ ateHm;HHa? H cosnajicfl, HTO ona ^aBHo yace became pale . confessed . . long XO^HTX, HO TIO H^ 6HJIO BpeM6HH ,0,OJIOSKHTB EfO to report HCHOJIHHTL e^ npoci>6y without delay to fulfil . the request H nocjiij 3Toro ^ojiro nednjio cjiHrnno: ,,npH^,H heard 158 Thirty-fourth Lesson. Tp^n;aTL Adverbs. Adverbs are divided in Russian into the following classes: 1. Adverbs of time: B^epa, yesterday cerojjHfl, to-day saBTpa, to-morrow Tpexwiro ana, the day before yesterday HHHt, at present TenepL, now npeatjue, before noc-si, afterwards yipOM-L, in the morning ueiepOMi, in the evening 2. Adverbs of place: here Tain, there thither from here, hence a, from there at home , home. nowhere everywhere hither 3. Adverbs of quality or manner: xopomo, well CKopo, quickly otherwise at random Hap6iHO, intentionally. 4. Adverbs of quantity: Ma.io, little MHoro, much TOJIBKO, only noTra, nearly E,, highly, very too, too much BOBce, entirely, a,t all HpesBHiaHiio, exceedingly, excessively HTO-TO, somewhat. 5. Adverbs of affirmation and negation; #a, yes ntTi, no HH-UH, neither, nor BI> caMOMi> itjii, indeed. 159 to caress, soothe, clever, developed, frontier, rpaHHu,a abroad, 3a rpaHHijeso graceful, rpauioanHH to grow dark, cieMH r j[>TB late, lead, to remain, ocraTtca to resemble, IIOXOAHTI, Ha Rhine, PCMHT, to shake (one's head), KaiHyit (ro- JIO stupid, riyriHii tame, truth, Exercise No. 34. 1. To-day we have been in the country but to-morrow we go back to town. I am now (instr.) writing a letter to my mother. In the morning we wash ourselves with soap. He came in the evening and remained late. My sister is at home. After the rain we went home. He arrived the day before yesterday. This wine is too sour; I only like it sweet. Your sister is exceedingly beautiful. 2. CBHHeii,i> oqent TJisKejrL. Cepe6p6 ropa^iio 30JiOTa. Hpan^y CKasa/n., a ne-oxoTHO SHIIKOMHJICH C-L pyccKHMH sa rpaHHuefi. ECTB na cnixi Taimi cqacTjiHBiia : rjin%k'n> na HHXI. BCJiKOMy JiK)6o: TOHHO OHH rpiro-rt HJIH rjia^HT^. OHa 6mia rpau,io3HO cjioateHa, HO , ne Bnojini eui,e pasBHTa. Ona HHCKOJBKO HC na CBoero 6pa r ra. ^iiBymKa yTBepAHreJiBHO TOJIOBOH. Y Hact cjiaBHO, nocMOTpHie. Tenept CKopo CTeMHieT^ H BaMx jyqnie 6y^eT r & npa On the horse we ride or put it to the carriage. In the country where we live there are many tame animals. Rich people inhabit houses which contain many rooms. Poor people have only one or two rooms. It even happens that in one room live several families. When the sun sets, night begins. Very often stupid people are happier than clever ones. 160 Questions on Grammar. 1. How are the adverbs divided in Russian? 2. Name some adverbs of place. 3. Name some adverbs of quantity. 4. Translate: neither-nor. 5. Translate: exceedingly handsome, something has happened to-day. 6. Name some adverbs of quality. Conversation. How old were you then? I was then about 25 years old. Where did you travel at that time? I travelled without any aim, stopped anywhere, where it pleased me (I liked). What occupied you at that time? At that time it was exclus- ively people that occupied me. I felt exceptionally light and glad in the 1 crowd. It was so gay to go where others went. You have doubtless also been in the Caucasus? Yes, I served there two years. Then you must have met with many an adventure there? "Yes, indeed" (translate yes, there was). Bant CKOJILKO Tor.ua? Tor,n,a HflTL. BH Tor,n,a nyTemecTBO- nyTeinecTBOBajn. 6631, BCJ!- KOH n,ijiH, ocTaHaBJiHBajica MHi HpaBH.lOCL. sanHMajio BX TO HCKJIK)- ^HTCJIBHO O^HH Mni> 6Eiji6 oc66eHHO H OTpa^HO Bi TOJIfli. Mni 66jio Becejio H^TH Bu, Bipuo, H na 6&JIH? ,Ha, a TaMi ro^a. TaK-B, MHOFO TaMt ct 6iiBajio 161 Reading- Exercise No. 34. Simplicity B'B TO BpeMfl, Kor^a Kp&MCKie TETapH ft'Ej&ajiH em; na ftsKHue npe^tjiH Poccin, Tpn MajropocciacKie invasions . southern frontier . . . KasaKa cnpaTajmcB OTT> MHoronacjieHHOH saiara cossacks hid themselves . numerous npHTaiijicji sa CToroM^ cina, na Jiyry; concealed himself behind a stack of hay EORT* MOCTt, a Tpexifi BCKapa^Kajica na ,n,epeBO. crept under . a bridge . the third clambered TaTapu, yBH^s CTOF^, COUIJIH ci jioma^fi H na^ajiH Te- perceiving . ..... to pe6nTB cieo pyKaMH, RJIZ KOpMa KOHeR. pluck . . . food sa CToroMt H CHJTLHO ^oca^.OBaji'B Ha .. . mightily was vexed . awkwardness HaKOHeu.'B ne B^iepn'BJii , H cKasaji'B: ,,,Ha B03BMH XOTB BHJIH, KOTOpHfl CTOflTT. nO^Jli H366. KTO take at least the pitch fork . .... Tepe6m ir L TaK-E cieo pyKaMn!" Taiapn odpca^OBa^HCB . were glad HeqaflHHOH naxo^Ki, cxBaTMH KasaKa .noJiro conpoTHB- of the unexpected find caught . . who jufBmarocfl, H naiajra BasaTB ero, B^ 9TO BpeMa OHH ycjiH- resisted . . to bind ... . . they niajin rojiocT) .npyraro cnji.'feBinaro no^ MOCTOMI.: ,,9H ne heard the voice . who was sitting . . . no^aBaiicfl, Jio.io.ii.eij'B!" Tpexin KaaaK^, Koxopiifi 6nji r B cxapie yield . . ... H ocTopoiKH'fee npoqnx'B, BH,n,fl ropLKyro yqacTB CBOHX'B 6es- more prudent the others seeing sad fate thoughtless . . . plaintive KOTOparo TaTapH npano^H^H ssepx'B CBOH : ,, l U,ypaKH, jjypaKii! qero 6u BaMi, KpnqaTB, He why . -. JIH 6n 6610 MOJinaTB o66nMfc!" bettor . to be silent both 162 Thirdy-flfth Lesson. Tpi^naTt luiTLiii ypoicx. Adverbs, Continuation. Adverbs are either primitive or derived. They are derived: 1. from nouns (using the instrumental sing.), as^ ^OMOH, home; Aoent, by day; HOILK), by night; BHMOFO, in winter; jitTOMT,, in summer; floporoK), on the way; BOAOBO, by water; yipOM-B, in the morning. 2. from adjectives: a) from qualifying adjectives taking the apocopated termination o or e: xopoino, BUCOKO. In this case they also have the degrees of comparison, taking the apocopated forms of the comparative and super- lative of the adjective: cKopie, CKopts Bcixx jyiine, jysuie Bctxt. Five adverbs have different forms: Mn6ro, Co.iise iiajio, TOHKO, which must be distinguished from the comparative forms of the corresponding adjectives: b) From possessive adjectives by means of the termina- tion H and the prefix no: no-pyccKH, in Russian. c) From relative adjectives by means of no with the dative: no SHMeeny, as in winter. 3. From pronouns as: no MOCMy, in my opinion no TBoeny, in thy opinion. For the adverbial numerals oflHajKAH, BflBde, BTpde, and others v. p. 110. 163 bold, bright, light, CB-BTJIHH to cover, IIOKPBIB&TL to dispose, order, pacnopaacn>ca eyelid, B^KO (pi. B^BKH) to happen, movable, music, opinion, to pass the night, quietly, CHOKOMHO to rock, swing, to roll, to strike (of a clock), npo to strike, nopaataxt, -SHTL sudden, BneaanHHfi tender, H:E;KHHH unusual, Exercise No. 35. 1. It is time to go home. God knows what the chil- dren are doing at home. Don't speak so loud; father is asleep. In winter the earth is covered with snow. In summer we live in the country. In .my opinion you had better pass the night here, He speaks Russian very well. I heard him speak German also. 2. Bflnsy 6&xo xopomo, HO n;a sepx^f ein,e' Jiyime: oc66eHHO nopasHJia HHCTOTO, H rjiy6HHa ne6a, npo3pa . fL He BH^ai'B cyni;ecTBa Oojiie HH O^HO MTHOBeHBe ona ne CH^Jia CMHPHO. Ea 6ojiBraie rjiasa^rjiJi.a.'BJiH np^Mo, CBtao, CM-BJIO, HO nnor^a B^KH e^ cjierKa mypujiHCB, H Tor^,a Baopi) e^ Bnesaimo rjiy66Ki, H To-day something unusual happened. I got up in the morning rather late, and when the servant brought me in my boots, I asked what time it was. She told me that it had struck ten long since, and I began to dress as quickly as possible (uocKOpie). 164 Questions on Grammar. 1. What is the difference between dojrfee, Meirfce, xtafee and me, 3ieHLine, jiri.ii.iiie? 2. Translate: by night, in summer, on the way. 3. Name some adverbs derived from possessive adjectives. 4. Give an adverbial expression formed by means of a pronoun. 5. Translate into Russian in the Tartar (language). , 6. Translate into Russian: according to your opinion* Conversation; What bread do you prefer? KaKofi I like (transl. eat) biscuits best of all. If you come to me this evening I will give you biscuits. I shall come to you with great pleasure but you must speak English and not Russian with, me. If you wish it, I am quite willing. I am very thankful; it will be very agreeable to me. There is nothing I would not do for you. Sir, you show me too much kindness; assuredly, I have not merited this favour (transl. favour assuredly). Well now, without ceremony, will you sup with me? No, Sir, I must get back home (transl. go away). 6ojrfee R 'bwi> oxoTHie Bcero cy- xapii. ECJIH npHAeTCKOMH'E cero,a,HH BeiepOMt TO a cyxapn. H Ct 60JI!.IIIHMT> CTBieM'B npHfly KTE> HO BH RQJl'MH& co MHOK) no-anrjiiHCKH a ne no-pyccKH. ECJH Bani. yro,3,HO, a Ha STO corjiaceni.. 9TO 6y,aieT'B Baci> ne , BH KOHCIHO a ne ,11,0- CTOHH^ 3TOH MMOCTH. sT> ijepeMomfi, xo- THT6 yjKHHaTL CO MHOK)? H'BT'B, MHJIOCT. TOC., y2,fl,TH. 165 Reading Exercise No. 35. H,apL KHHSB n. A. SydoB'B, OKasaBmifi mmepaTOpy , . . who had rendered canopy I. npn ero BOijapeHiH, BajKHtia ycjiyra, npocnji'B . ' . . . accession to the throne important services o,a,Hy npocB6y, He explaining . ona cocTOHTfc. 1 Focy^apB p,&jn>\ CJIOBO. Tor^a 3y6oB$ no^nncH, aapanie nsroTOBJieHHufi beforehand H onpe I n,'BJHTej[BHHH yKasi reeepaji'B-Maiopy pardoning . precise decree , KOTOpHH 6UJL1, BHHOBeH-L B-B TOMl, ^TO Bl guilty . . . Bofiny 1799 ro^a ynpHJica OT^ cfioero Italian . . . had hidden himself . . BO speMfl epaatenia. * . of a battle, engagement. HMnepaiopi. noMOpnjujica, o^naKo . knit his brows however BHOBB B MHHyTy, HO^OH^ KX 3y6oBy, OHI Ha^aji^ npo- coming up . . . CHTB ero TaK'B-jKe B6no.iniiTB CBOK> npocB6y. yHHHJ6HHO B^paSHJIt TOTOBHOCTB HCHOJIHHTB 6e3np6KOCJl6BHO humbly . readiness . incontestably Bee, ^TO npHKajKeTfc rocy^apB. Tor^,a AjreKcan.fl.pt CKa- pas^epiiTe no^nncaHHiifi MHOK) tear up . . pacTepajica, noKpacnjii, HO, stood abashed blushed neiero, pasopsaJEt 6yMary. he tore up Thirty sixth Lesson. TpHnjaT* mecToft ypoira. Conjunctions and Interjections. Conjunctions are either simple, derived or compound. The simple conjunctions most frequently in use are as follows. a, and, but H, and n6o, because JH, if, whether HH, HH-HH, neither-nor HO, but and the popular affixes, -ita, -era flafi-Ka, noiEajiyfiCTa, please. The derived conjunctions are: a) from pronouns TO, then TO-TO, sometimes-sometimes the more-the more that , only, merely Kant, as, when. b) from verbs xo-ra, although let. 6H, and The compound conjunctions are: HJL, HJH, Or H(5o, because jn6o, either, or flaJKe, even eme, still, yet i, when, if i, if than never in order that ecjm-f)H, if sa-6a, in order, lest noxoMy ITO, because ciiAOBaiejLHO, consequently, Interjections. The Interjections most frequently used are the following: axt, oxt, axxH, ah, expressing pain ysa, alas aii, yxt, OH, indicating fear T&, indicating fatigue ey, nyate, now then, expressing encouragement ypa, ra, expressing joy Bon,, lo, look UHITB, be still, hush CTI, TCT., St. asking silence jKajiL, it is a pity, what a pity, alas eft, eft, truly eft Bory, surely Kapayji, police! npoiB, begone. 167 artful blade, sly dog, x to begin, HRI&TL to carry away, CHOCHTL to conceal, cKpHBaTL to consider as, noiHiaTL, noieciL to detach, unfasten, OTB^miL to fall into the hands of, to be caught, nonacTbca fortress, Kp-JknocTt, H to gallop off, ycKanaTL / to lie some time, npoje&aTB native, native land, necessary ravisher, strange, to succeed, be successful, trick, miyKa that is the main point, B-B TOM* TO H iniyKa to understand, CMGKHJTB. Exercise No. 36. 1. Day begins in the morning (instr.) or with sunrise, and finishes in the evening (instr.) or with sunset. Man can live all over the globe, but an animal dies or loses its strength, when it is taken away from its native place and brought into a strange country. I have only just arrived. Please, come to me when you have finished your work. 2. noBipnTe-jra, OBTB TaKt npojiejKajTB ^o noB^Hefi HOIH H Hi-ziyio HOHL? TojitKO Ha Apyroe yxpo npauiejii OHi B-B KpiHOCTB H CTaJIi npOCHTB, ^106^ CMy HOXHTHTCJIH. HacoBofi, KOTOpHn BH.a.'BJi'B KaK^ OTBasajn* KOH^ H ycKaKaji'B na HCMTB, ne noqejrB sa H06 CKDHBaTL. ^TO-JKi OT^^? JI,a Bt TOMt-TO H K TIO ero Easdnq't He Haine'JTB: OHI. Ky,a,a-To yisjKaJi'B na mecTB, a TO y,n;ajiocB-jiH 6n AsanaTy ysesTH cecrpy? A Kor^a OTCII,!, BOSBparajica , TO HH ^oiepn HH c6na ne 6iiJio. TaKoii xHTpeii.!,: B^AB caieKHyji,, TTO ne CHOCHTL emy nonajrca. What a pity I lost the ring my grandmother gave me. Have you not found it? Surely not. Lo, here they are. Hush, children; do not make such a noise. I turned my head away in disgust and cried: Begone! Now then, boys, do your work. Questions on Grammar. 1. How are the conjunctions divided in Russian? 2. isame some conjunctions derived from verbs. 3. Name some compound conjunctions. 4. Translate into Russian: only, as, because, and, but, still, yet, than. 5. What is the Russian for alas, surely, truly. 6. Translate: Bonn, tapay**, npoub, efi B6ry. Conversation. Why did little Peter be- come so dangerously ill of fever? Because he was very im- prudent. How did it happen? It happened in this way. He had been warned more than once never to drink cold water when he was hot. But he had quite forgotten this injunction and on one hot summer day, when his face was aglow and a great thirst was tormenting him, he came to a fresh spring and drank. What happened then? What happened ? When he came home he fell ill with fever. Can you write this story in Russian? (in the Russian language). I shall try my best to do so; I have learned Russian by the Hossfeld method. neTpyma onacnoK) JIHXO- EOTOMy TTO OHT. HeocTopoateH'B H ney- ace 3TO ciymiocL? BOTI KaKt. Ero He npe^ocTeperajiH 1T66H OHI, pasropa^HBniHCL ne HH.Ifc XOJIO.H.HOH BOAH. Ho OWL safaoi aio ripe^o- CTepeatenie H B^ o,a,nHi ajapKin AeHB Kor^,^, jiHn.0 ero nn^ajio OTI scapy H ero OHT) npHmeii KI> af oMy HCTO^EHKy H HanMca. ate CJIJWIJIQCE HOTOM^? cjiyqiuiocL? Kor^a npHIJieJIi ^OMOH OHfc Moateie JIH BH 3TOT^& pascKasx na pyc- CKOMX asHKi? JI nocTapaioct c^ijiaTB STO; a y^HJica pyccKOMy no Reading Exercise No, 38. IIj[THr6peKB. TaKi HasHBaeica orB TOFO, ^TO OHI Bein^-Tay. A Bemt IISTB, Tay-ropa. HSTB STOH rop6 CTOHTTE, Ha ropi Bein^-Tay. A Bemt no TaTapCKH sna- in Tartar hot . Ona ropaia, KaK^ KHIDITOK'B, H sulphurous .... boiling water . Bo,n;a HSI rop6, Bcerji;a CTOHTX, nap'B, . . . vapour, steam caMOBapOMt. Bee Mteo, r^i CTOHTI> ropo.a.'B tea-nrn .... . Bece'jioe. rop^ TeK^T'B ropjrde PO^HHKH, no^i> ropofi springs piiKa noAKyMOK-L. Ho ropi Jiica, KpyroMi nojia, a Bcer^a BH^,HH 6ojn,mia KaBEascKia ropu. Ha far off .. . . . ropax'B cnir'B HEKorjiia ne TaeT't, H oni Bcer,a;a . melts, thaws . (xkma KaKT* caxap-L. O^na 6ojiBuiafl ropa 9jiB6pyc r B, caxapnaa ^ijiaa rojioBa BH^na OTOBCK^y, KOF- ji,a jfcnaa noro^a. Ha roptfiie KJIIO^H . clear weather ... jiiiHTBca H na.n'B Kjiro^aMH c^ijiaHH 6eci;i;KH, . summer-houses canopies KpyroM'B pas6HTM ca,a,ii H .nopojKKH. * . are laid out . . paths. Ho yTpaM'B nrpaeTi MystiKa H napo.n'B HBBT^ B6,a;y, MH H ryji^eTi. CaMHH ropo^T. CTOHTI na ropi, a ropon ecTB cjro6oji,a. suburb. Pp. JL TOJOTOH. 6* SECOND PART. SYNTAX. 172 Thirty-serenth Lesson. Syntax. In Russian a sentence must contain a subject and a, predicate. The Subject may be a noun or any other word used as a noun: pa66xaTB nojresHo, to work, is useful. The predicate may be a verb, an adjective or a noun in connection with CHTL: Ry6i> CCTL ftepeBO the oak is a tree. Concord of words. The predicate agrees with the subject in gender, number and case. The adjective is put in the apocopated form. Kama aeMjuf o6nrapHa, our country is wide. If the pre- dicate is a noun, then it agrees with the subject only in case. Mori CHjia BorTb, my strength is God. If the predicate is a noun that has two different forms, a masculine and a feminine, then it also agrees with the subject in gender: JleBi* n;apL SB^pea, the lion is the king of animals. Jlyna cnjTHHija SCMJIH, the moon is the satellite of the earth. In a sentence containing two or more subjects, the predi- cate stands in the plural: 6paT r B H cecipa npifcxajra, the brother and sister have arrived. If the subjects are nouns of different genders then (when an adjective) preference is given to the masc. before the fern, and neutr. and to the 1st person before the 2nd and 3rd. If the subject consists of two nouns, a Proper and an Appellative one, the predicate agrees with the appellative noun: P1JK& ^ninpi> sHanenirra the river Dnieper is famous. report MocKBa oieHL KpacinrB, In titles the predicate agrees with the gender of the person to whom the title refers as: Ero CB^TJIOCTL npii- ., His Serene Highness arrived. Eri HsmepaTopCKoe Bejin- ocTajiacL Tant, Her Imperial Majesty remained there. After the adverbs of quantity: MHOFO, siajio, HCMHoro, CROJILKO, CTOJIBKO, H^CKOJIBKO, flOBOJiLHO, also after in- finitives used as subjects of a sentence the predicate is placed in the singular. Mnoro cobalt y6^TO, many sol- diers were killed. The sentence thus becomes impersonal. When cardinal numbers are employed as the subject, the predicate stands in the singular when the emphasis is laid on the number, but in the plural when it is on the object itself, as: OCT^JIOCL em,e' A^CHTB coji^aTi, EC* .necsTL y6HTH. 173 ark, ROBi4i"& capital, to carry over, endure, nepenocHTL conscience, costcTB, H creature, isapB dear, MHJTBIH to eat up, C1.4CTB existence, cymecxBOBanie flood, noTOKt human, T iejioBiiecKiH immortal, 6e3CMepTHHH mamma, majesty, native land, necessary, papa, iianeeBiia patient, T Peterhof, privation, Remus, Pesn to remain, ocxaT&ca Romulus, to rot, satellite, travelling companion, cnyiHHKi to trust, universal, unwell, Exercise No. 37. 1. The nightingale, the queen of the singers of the forest, is a little, grey bird. A pure conscience and a good heart are the best travelling companions in human life. You and your brother will remain in town. My father and 1 arrived yesterday. Fire, water, earth and air are necessary for the existence of all creatures. The moon is a satellite of the earth. My father and mother trust that you will soon come to see us. 2. Hanfc poftHHa Bcer.n.a MHJia. Tijio name crnieTT., HO j^yx'B Ham's 6e3CMepT6H^ H BOSBpaTHTca KT, Toaiy, KTo HaMX ero ^aju,. He sa TO BOJIKa 6LH)T r B, ^TO C^pl), a 3a TO, 1TO OBD,y CTE.'BJI'B. BUJ11> MaJH>HHKi>; naneHtKa HI MaMCHLKa nociajiH ero Bt PyccKin coji^aTt He TOJLKO xpa6p r t, HO H H MOaJCTI. HepeHOCHTL BeJIHqaHmiH Tpy,fl,HOCTH H jiniueHifl. Topa ApapaT-B snaMeHHTa Tiaii, HTO 3,a;icB KaK'B CKasano B^b 6n6jiiH, ocTanoBHJica, BO Bpena BceMfpnaro noTona, KOBqerT) Hoa. TaK^ npomjio naca ABa. How many soldiers have been killed in this war? Peterhof is the Imperial summer -residence. Mount St. Gothard in Switzerland is well known. The town of Rome was built by Romulus and Remus and is the capital of Italy. The river Dnieper is large and deep. His Royal Highness left the capital to-day. Her Imperial Majesty is unwell. How many guests were at your father's house yesterday? 174 Grammatical questions. 1. Has the adjective, when used as a predicate, the full or the apo- copated form? 2. In what number is the verb placed when the sentence contains more than one subject? 3. How far must a noun used as predicate agree with the subject? 4. In what number is the predicate put when the subject 13 an ad- verb of quality? 5. With which noun does the predicate agree in a sentence where the subject consists of two nouns, one appellative and the other a proper noun? 6. When is the predicate put in the plural in a sentence where a cardinal number is employed as subject? Conversation. Dear Sir, I am happy to see you in my house; I am very much in need of your useful advice. I am glad that you are in need of me and I wish with all my heart that all your family should like- wise be in need of me. You do me too much honour. One does not see every day such a patient as you. Your servant, Sir. [begin ? When does the new year The first day of January is the first day of the new year. MMOCTHBHH BtlC'B CiaCTJIHB r & ce6#; a. B'B Baranx'B nojiesBux'B co- 6n . pa.n'B HTO BH BO Mni; H OTL Bcero Bee same ceMeficTBo r raK- 3K6 HyjK^ajIOCB BO MHil. BH MHii fl-EJiaeTe CJIHIIIKOM'B MHoro ^ecTH. HHCKOJIBKO; ne Kaat^ufi ^.ens TaKoro 6o;iBHaro BH. Cjryra Banii, MHJIOCTHBHH naiiraaeTCH HOBLH! IlepBoe HHCJIO anBapa CCTB nepBHH ^CHB Hoaaro 175 Is your brother still well? 0! he has an iron constitu- tion. I have always to tell him to take care of himself. We know the value of health onlv when we have lost it. A dpaTi saint s^opo H Bcer^a? 0! y nero atejiisHoe 3,11,0- poBBe. JI nocToaHHo co- BiTyro eMy 6epegBCJi. MH yseaearB BCH) i^tny TOJIBKO T OHO noTepano. Reading Exercise No. 37. V., KOpojiB HcnaHCKiu 1 oT^ajnijica 2 ORE&IK&U Ha OXOTB OTI> CBoeii CBHTH. Bpo^,H 3 no rfcy, OHt noAouie^t Kt XHmHH'B ,3,pOBOCiKa B-L KOTOpOH pilUHJICH HCMHOFO H OTAOXHyiB. Kor^a OH-B Boniejix BI, Hs6y, TaMT> neTupext qe^OBiKx, jreiKaeniHX'B na YjKe no HX-L BH^y Ka/K^ua aiort saK.iioqiiTB 4 , ^TO BIO 66jiH paaCoiimiKH \ KopojiB noTpedoBajit HHTB. Ho JIHniB 6 TOJIBKO OHI, EUUllJL% CTaKaHt BO^il, KaKt O.U.HH'B Hat pasftofmnKOB'B no^omejit K r B Hewy H CKasajit: ,,MH4 CHiijiocB 7 ceii^iacTb, ^TO Bauia mneejiB 8 Mni 6y^,eTt BI nopy 9 H cHMTb ct Kopojra ninneiB. BcJi'Is^x 3a T^M^ no- KT& Kapjiy ^.pyrofi pa36oHHHK'B, roBopa": MH'B CHHJIOCB, HTO sarnt Ka^Tant 6y,u,eTt MH^ K H npn 3THXI, cjioBax r L CHflji-B Ka^Tan-B C-B vocy^apa. 1. Spanish. 2. to stray, wander away. 3. rambling. 4. to con- clude. 5. robbers. 6. only, but. 7. I dreamt. 8. greatcoat, cloak 9. will suit me well. 10. will fit me. 176 Thirty-eighth Lesson, Tp^n;aTL BOCIMOE yp6Ki. Use of the Gases, The nominative is used for the subject, and for the predicate when it is connected with the subject, by means of the verb CCTB which expresses a permanent quality: ' The Genitive is used: 1. To denote possession and property: AOMI, the father's house. The Genitive is replaced in this case by the possessive adjectives: OTH,OB'E floirB, except when the genitive is accompanied by a qualifying adjective or pronoun: flOMfc naniero OTua, the house of our father. Note. When expressing relationship and after the words ivfcua, price; pocimcdHie, pticiracfc, index ; KauLiort, catalogue; ciracoKi,, register; c^exi., account; n^peieHL, extract the dative is (often) substituted: OHI, Kriic^oMy apyK, he is the friend of everybody; Kaiajiori, BTDM-L KHi'miMi., the catalogue of these books. 2. To designate a quality and age. ^CJIOB iiK'L BHCOKaro pocxa, a man of high stature; OH^ 6ujn> TpH,n,i],aTH JCBTI, he was 30 years old. 3. To indicate the whole, a part of which is taken: Thus designating number, weight, measure-, therefore also after numerals and adverbs of quantity: CKOJILKO, iili- CKOJILRO, MHOrO, HCMHOrO, 3IJUIO, ^OBOJIBHO, 66^*6, MeH r Be. Also after verbs when the action only extends to a part: npimecH BOftri, bring some water. 4. To designate the date: Tpextaro RRK, the day be- fore yesterday. 5. After adjectives and adverbs in the comparative degree, when not followed by nejKejiH or ?:BMI: SOJIOTO floposie cepe6pa, gold is more expensive than silver. 6. After the adjectives J^OCTOMHLIM, worthy; HOJUIHU, full', Hyac,a,Liii, stranger to and the adverb SKRJIL, it is a pity: 3KeHni,HHa ^ocTofinaa yBaacenia, a woman worthy of respect. 7. In negative sentences, i. e. after verbs preceded by the, negative He and after Hiiro, ne CTJUIO, He C.IL'IIIIHO, ne HM r lieiCa: H^TI, HHKaKOH HOJ1L3M. 8. After active verbs expressing the idea of privation, fear, expectation, asldng, desire, &c., npociiTt cosliTa, to ask an advice; oacH^aTi, iiarpaftii, to expect a remunera- tion. The genitive is also used after Verbs formed with 177 the prepositions na and no, where the action only extends to a part of the object, as: najiHTL BO^H (cf. No. 3). 9. After prepositions and adverbs (v. p. 150). Note. The genetive is also used after verbs containing the idea of being oversatiated, as : na-BCTtca, HIIIIUTLCJI, iiamiT&TLoi &c. and after some reflexive verbs. to acknowledge, to avoid, bottle, 6yTHJ[Ka catalogue, declaration, o6i,}iBJieme evildoer, S to invade, judgment, laziness, j library, 6H6.d6TeRa pot, ropraoK'B punishment (capital), CMepmaa Rhine-wine, to shun, society, 66mecTBO, co6panie tray, teaboard, Exercise No. 38. 1. She is a woman of intelligence. Young men of sixteen often think they are wiser than men of sixty. Virtue is better than beauty. Avoid the society of evil- doers. Laziness is the mother of all crimes. In the times of Katherine II. capital punishment still existed in Russia. 2. Il,api> MaxaHjit OT^ 16 ro ro^a CBOCH JKHSHH #0 caMofi Toii MHHyTH, Kor^a Poccia npnsHaJia ero CBOHMI, rocy^-apeMX, 6njir& ^yJK^^ He TOJIBKO ,a,'feji r & npaBjieHia, HO H caaiaro csiTa. Oni B^Boe'Mi) neoni 6ojiLui6fi no r a,Hoc r B ci> ropniKOMi, MQjioKa, TapejiicaMH, .loatKaMH caxapoMx, ona ^H^HJiacb Mena. JI ne BK^ajii cymecTBa, 66.Tiiie no;i,BH5KHaro. OH-L BCJi'tji^ npunecTH CyTiJwiKy peira- ; MH Hamjni Aero y CJepera, HHEOFO yatL ne 6mio na npoiHBoiiojiojKHOM'B 6epery. Ils't 9,257 paa- CTpoeeifi, 6HBniHxi>, BT> 1812 ro^y B r L MOCKB^, cropijio 6,496. HanOvieont BToprnyjica BI> Pocciro 6esi. Buy silk of the best quality. Evildoers fear the judgment of God. My teacher is worthy of respect. I have written the catalogue of the books in my father's library. Are you afraid of the water? The king asked the advice of his counselors. 178 Questions on Grammar. 1. When is the possessive genitive not replaced by a possessive ad- jective? 2. Name some adjectives requiring the noun in the genitive case. 3. Name some verbs that require the genitive? 4. In what instances is the genitive replaced by the dative? 5. In what case is the genitive employed after an adjective in the comparative degree? Conversation. Which is cheaper; silver or gold? Silver is much cheaper than gold. From silver money is coined. What is made from gold? From gold we coin money and make rings, earrings and little chains. What feast have you to- day? To-day is my birthday. I was born on the 5th of September 1869. What news at your father's? I do not know, I was not there yesterday. You know, I liked your father from the first mo- ment I saw him. I am very glad that you have made his acquaintance. This gives (causes) me much pleasure. ;i,enieBjie SOJIOTO cepe6po? Cepe6po ropas^o cepe6pa l lro 30JIOTa Hexy H cepi>ni H y Baci HST, MO- KOJiBi;a, . sa Cer6,T,H,a ^QE\n. )I CeHTJi6pa Moero poat- miraro BpceMt ,a;eBji- Taro ro^a. cjiiiumo noBaro y Ba- mero OTii,a. He snaro, Mena Bqepa ne 6iiJio. BH seaeie, Baui'L oxen^t CT. nepsaro ero yBH^iiJii,. o^ieni, pa^, ^TO BH no- 3HaKOMHJIHCL C^ HHMTb. 9TO MHoro 179 Reading Exercise No. 38. (Continuation.) Tpexin pa366fmHKT> BBHJII y Hero TRKHM^ sue 66pasoM r B a ^eTBepTHH xox'E.i'B OBJia^iTL ero OXOTHHHBHM^ porous 1 , KOToptiii Kapjii. HOCHJTB Ha inei, na SOJIOTOH u.inoiKi. ,JIo3B6jiB 2 MH^, cKasaj-L KOPOJIB, npejK^e no- Te6i ynoTpe6.ieHie Moero pora, a noTOMt yjKi, ero ce6 r k" H npn STHXTE, cjiOBaxi> ont saipy- OTKp^TOe OKHO XHHHH H30 BCTEX^ CHJITj. B'B T03K6 MrnOBGHie c6'BJEaJIHCB 4 CO BC'liXT, CTOpOH'B JIK)AH KO- POM, KOTOpne, EG BH^ ero, yate ^BHO HCK!IIH ero no jiicy. MO;KHO ce6i npe^CTaBHTB 5 , KaK^ ncnyrajiHCB pas- 66iiHHKH, Kor^a OHH coBepuienHo 6 HeoatH^aHHo cpe/i,H MHoroiHCieHHaro 66ni;ecTBa OXOTHHEOB-B. JHO^'lMl), CKaSaJTB KOpOJIB, CHHJIOCB TO, ^CFO OHH HO TenepB o^epeAB 8 ,n,oiiuia ,n;o Men^. Mni CHHJIOCB, 3TH 3jro,a,iH BHC^JIH na BHc4jiHi;i 9 ; H a x0 6tuio Hcnojmeno cefiHaci ace, nepe.n.'B ,3,BepBMH 3TOH 1. hunting-horn. 2. Allow me. 3. 3arpy6HT6 to begin to trumpet. 4. came running. 5. one can imagine. 6. entirely. 7. oiyiHTLca, to appear to find one self in. 8. turn. 9. gallows 180 Thirty-ninth Lesson. Tpnji;n;aTB ^eBiiTLifi ypoira. Use of the Gases. (Continuation.) The Dative is the case of appropriation and aim, an- sWering to the question Whom: KOMy? qeaiy? It i& used 1. to denote the person to whose advantage or dis- advantage an action or a quality takes place. 2. With impersonal verbs, to denote the person to whom the action refers: MITE Kaaeexca, it appears to me. Also after yro^eo, suitable; MOJKHO, BOSMOJKHO, it is possible; Hcinotfuo, it is necessary; .HOJIJKHO, one must; and in connection with rope, affliction; cjiasa, glory; 3Kajii>, pity; nopa, time. 3. To express relationship (v. p. 174, Note I, No. 3). 4. With certain verbs conveying the idea of command, prohibition, submission, resistance, pleasure, as: SKaJiOBaTtcfl, to complain; rposHTL, yrposKaTt, to menace; MinnaxL, to disturb; MOJiMTLca, to pray, worship; HanoiffiniaTL, to remind; JILCTHTL, to flatter; KJitoiTLCff, to bow, to greet; iipe^aTLCfl, to give one self up to; paftOBaTLCfl, to rejoice at. Note. Nouns and adjectives derived from these verbs also require the dative: noKJOHenie n^ojiaM'b, worship of idols; a pa^t axoaiy, I am (glad of it) rejoice at it. 5. With the Infinitive when used in the sense of im- perative and future: ne BH^aTB MH* cojmeHHHxi. Jiyqefi! I shall see no sun-rays. 6. With verbs formed with the prepositions co and npeft-L as well as with the adverbs 6jiaro, npoTiiBi,, npeKO, as: npOTiiB[)1i i iiiTL, to contradict. EjiaroftapiiTL, to thank is used with the accus. and dative. 7. After oertain prepositions and adverbs, as: KI, no, ' BX yro^y, na-3Ji6, na-CM'BXTb. 8. To indicate the age (v. p. 174). Note. 110^,66110, similar is used with the dative, but the verb and the adjective noxoasi. are followed by the accus. with the preposition Ha: BOJIK'I, UOXOSKI* na codasy, the wolf resembles the dog. to abandon, ocTaBirrt, to communicate, coo6mHTi>, nocea- THTh to disturb, 6e3noKOHT&, to flatter, JBCTHTB flexible, pliant, gingerbread, n to give one self up to, npe^a- to hasten, nocirfcniHTB idol, HJCOJTB incautionsness, HeociopoJKHOCTB monkey, occupation, sannrie painting, JKHBOIIHCB panther, namepa promise, o6imaiiie to rejoice, to remind, to reproach, ynpeKHyit science, to sell, soda-water, to threaten, norposHTB tourist, TypacrB worship, noooHeme. Exercise No. 39. 1. Do not flatter the rich. Obey your parents. It appears as if I had known you a very long time. You must study, if you wish to know something. Do not disturb them in their occupations. We rejoice at your fortune. Remind him of his promise. He was 48 years old, when he died. All nations will then abandon the worship of idols. 2. KoMjf xpqeTCa MHOFO snaTt, Tony H Ha.n.oo'HO amoro HHTaTt. Te6i xsajia H necTL. JI nocnimHjnb OTBOPHTB eny ^sept. OHI> coo6ui,HJi^ MH^ CBOH njiaHH na 6yAym.ee. OH'B xoxtli. nocBflTHTB ce6a MBonncH. JI OTEPOBCHHO B^CKasaji'B eary Moe MHinie. OH^ norposHJiT. efi najimeaiT., Aca rpOMKo yiipeKHyjia ee BT> HCOCTOPOJEHOCTH. BH Jiyqme nojj,HBHTeci, CMHiiuie'HOCTH 3ji,4niHHxi, 3RWTQJ1QE. Ona npo- ia TypiicTaMt DHBO, npanHKH H seJiLTepCKyK) BO^y. 6ujiH OICHL MHJIH, HO MH^, nonpesKHeny, na nee, XOTS a. nesojiLHo JiK)6oBajica ea H JIOBKOCTBK). JlHCHii.a o^eHb noxoata Ha co- 6aKy; HO Tto ea rpai^iosniie, rii6qe, rojioBa 6ojiime; yiun Kopoie, rjiaaa MeHLme H Kocf>e, XBOCTT> ^JiHHHie ^iMx y It is time for you to go to bed. We thank you very much. The panther resembles the cat but is much bigger. The monkey resembles a man more than an animal. He gave himself up to science. Children, you are disturbing me. You have to be silent (inf.). 182 Questions on Grammar. 1. Name a few impersonal verbs requiring the dative. 2. When does the infinitive require the noun in the dative? 3. Name a few nouns requiring the dative case. 4. What case does the adjective noxoati. require? 5. What case does the verb noxo^HTL require? 6. Name some prepositions requiring the dative. 7. What case does the Verb (wraroaapHTB require? Conversation. Should you not like to pass the night here? It will be very agreeable for me. I shall be very pleased. I wish you a good night. What do you drink in the morning? In the morning I like to drink coffee with milk. I have made an excellent breakfast. You must make a good breakfast, for you must work afterwards. And what shall you do? I shall go into the garden, because I don't wish to disturb you. You don't disturb me at all. Remain here, I pray (please). If so, then I shall remain. I like sitting here. Why did you not say so? You may do here what and as you like. I am very much obliged to you. He yr6,a,HO JLVL Bant nepe- eBaTL 3;yBCB? MH-B 6y^eTTb BaM-B ^o6pofi HOIH. BH HBe'Te no a. jno6jiK) DHTL K0(f>e CT> MOJIOKOMfc. Si npejiecTHO nosaBTpaKajrt. BH AOJHKHH xopomo saBTpa- noTOMy pa6oTaTB A BH ITO 6y^eTe ft. noHfty B'B ca.a.'B, HOTOM/ qxo ne xoiy saMi, BH MH-B BOBce ne OCTaHBTCCB ECJIH TaKi., TaKt a H ocTa- nycB. MH^ OICHB BH He CKasajiH BH MOJKCTe ^ijaTB ^TO H KaKGb BaMi JI saM-B OICHB o6asaHX. 183 Beading Exercise N. 39. , PropHKi) nepe^aii, KmiaceHie Ojre*ry, CBoeiay Dying . gave over the principality . . BeHHHKy; eny ace nopymjii H c6na CBoero Hropfl, kinsman . also intrusted . noTOMy ITO liropB 6MT. ein,e MJia.H.eHn.eM'.B. Ojienb, co- 6paBiBH MHoro BoncKa, nomejrB KI> ibry, H nomi6jrB no having gathered . . . the south . sailed CHaiajia ropo^-L KpHBH^efi, a noTOMTb JIMwb, H nocawt Tan^ CBonxt / . put . his governors no^njnJBaa K-L Kiesy, Orient oc r raBHJi f & O^EHX^ BOHHOBI, Sailing near . . . left only a ^pyrHM^ npnKaaaJii cnp^TaTLca BTB to hide one self . ate KB canoMy ropo^y, jierx Bniwi> na Having sailed . . the very . . . . 6epenb c^ HropeM'B H nocjiajr& CKasaTB AcKOJiL^y H ,3,Hpy: hank .... . ... ,,Mu Kymi,6 H.a.eM'B B r B FpeiJ,iK), nocjianH OT^ Ojiera H are going . Greece sent from Hropa: npn^HTe noBH^aTtca ci> HaMH." Kor,u,a ace Ac- H ^Hpi Cfc CBOHMH pOJI.HliMH npHHIJIH, TO BOHUH kinsmen ojieroBH B^CKO^HJIH H oKpya&HJiH HXI. H CKasajii Ojieri> Oleg's jumped out . surrounded ... ACKOJIBJIJ H ^npy: ,,BH He KHjisBH H ne KHflatecKaro po,ny, princes . . of princely origin a BOTfc H CHHX pIOpHKOBTb." ACKOJB^a H JI,Hpa y6lUH, and here is . . Ruric's . . nonecjiH Ha ropy H Tan^ norpe6jiH. 0-iery O^CHB no- . the mountain . . buried HpaBHJOCB Bi KiCB-B, OET> OCTaJICfl KHJiatHTB TaMT, H pleased . . . remained to reign : ,,IIycTB aioTi ropo.u.'B 6y f a,eTi> Ma-repBio 184 Fortieth Lesson. CopoKOBot ypon. Use of the Cases. (Continuation.) The accusative is the case of the object and is used: 1. After active verbs when the action extendsi to the whole of the object: a Baacy HeJiosiKa, cofiaity, I see a man, a dog. Nouns formed from these verbs require, however, the genitive: yKpameme JOM6BX, the ornamenting of the houses. 2. To indicate the time or distance over which an action extends: WH nun BMicrfc 11,-BJiyH) BepPTy, we walked together a whole verst, a HHTajn. secb ^enb, I have been reading the whole day. 3. After certain prepositions as, ^peai, CKB03L &c. (v. p. 150 and 154). When the negation does not refer to the verb, the sentence is not a negative one and the accusative is used instead of the genitive: a BHJKy He jracihjy a The verb JunnriTL, to deprive of is used with the accusative of the person and the genitive of the object: cjiyry ero M-scxa, to deprive the servant of his place. The prepositional is only used with certain prepositions as: B'B, na, o, 06%, no, npn (v. p. 150 and 154). 185 at, na behaviour, conduct, belOW, BHH3J to clap to, saxjroireyTB clearly, ABHO to conquer, course, xeieeie cruel, to deprive, Egypt, Ernnext glorious, cjiaBHHH to lose, noiepaTL mile, MHJIL part, character, to play out, pasurpaxL to point, yKasHBaiL to ride on horseback, txaiL sep- XOM-B round about, ruin, pasBaiHna it is all the same, see to save, cnaciii scarf, inapA-L n ' silly, aypaKt to sleep, cnaiL to swallow, train, nots^i beautiful woman, Kpaca,BHn;a. Exercise No. 40. 1. He lost his life, wishing to save his son. Alexander the Great conquered many countries. Have we not spoken the truth? I have not slept two nights. I have been in Egypt the whole winter. One swallow does not make a summer. 2. BH HaxoAHTe HOC noBe^eme HenpH.iH, Kasa- JIOCL, roBOpiLio e# Jinii,6: -- see paBHo: H. 3Haro, BH MHOH jno6yeTecL. MH o6oin^H pasBiuwny KpyroMt. Ona CJTO- ^jrHHHyro B^TKy, nojioaiHJia ee K-B ceot na pyjKLe, noBasajia ce6i rojiOBy niap^OMi,. Efi paBiirpaTL nepe^o MHOIO HOByro pojiL. B,a;pyri METE npnuiio na yM^, Tro st Te i ienie Be^epa a HH paay ne BcnoMHH,ii> o Moefi JKCCTOKOH KpacaBnii,i. JI cKopo ero HOHfljTB. ^aca neTijpe npoBejin MH ct nHMi) B^Boeai-B. Ona saxjiOHHyja OKHO. OH'L npoTimyji'B MHi, MOJi^a, stey. JI,o CTaHu,iH ocTajiocL ein,e ex sepcT^. Take bread and salt, if you have nothing else to eat We travelled together the whole night. I have passed the whole summer in Switzerland. I rode on horseback ten miles. Do not deprive this poor man of his daily bread. We passed two nights in the train. To-morrow will be glorious weather, said I. He said nothing, but pointed with his finger towards the high mountain that was in front of us. He is not so silly as to believe it. The servant is waiting below. All this was done at his own expense. The house was valued at 600 roubles. 186 Questions on Grammar. 1. When is the accusative required after He? 2. What case is required by the verb .THIIIHTL? 3. Name a few prepositions requiring the accusative. 4. Name some prepositions requiring the prepositional case. 5. What is the other definition for the prepositional case? Do you know your lesson? I think I know it well. Have you brought a note (saying) that you were ill yesterday? Yes, I have brought it. Here it is. Where is your inkstand? I have broken my inkstand. Open the book. I have lost my book. And where is your exercise book? My brother has taken my exercise book. Find page 34. Open at page 34. What shall I read here? Read whatever you like, only cease chattering. Well, that will do (enough) you still read very badly. Is your drawing ready? Yes, here it is. Conversation. SnaeraB JH TH CBOH JI .u^MaK) ^TO snaro xopomo. JLVL TH sanncKy HTO 66jieH r B Biepa? JI,a, npHHect. BOTX osa. TBOS pa36HJTB CBOK) OiKpofi KHiiry. fl. noTep^Jii> CBOK) A r^ii TBoa MOH B3HJ11> MOK) TC- c r rpaHHu,y MHi HTO xoieuiB TOJIBKO 6ojiTaTB. Hy, ^OBOJIBHO ; TH em,e OICHB HJIOXO qHTaeiiiB. FOTOBI JIH TBOH JI,a, 187 Reading Exercise No. 40. MOCBB. ropoAx flpeBHifi 2 , TH BM^CTHJI'B B-B CBOH KOH^6 H nocajm 3 , R tfepeBHH, H najiaTH H JI.BOPII.H! OnoacaH'B 4 jieHTofi naineHi> 5 , BCCL necipiemB TH fit ca^axt; CKOJBKO XpaMOBt 6 , CKOJILKO 6ainGH r B Ha CCMH TBOHXi xcjiMaxi)! HcnoJiHHCKOK) 7 pyKoro TH, KaKt xapTia 8 , pas- BHT; H na.n'B najioio p^Koro ciajii BejiHEt H snaMeHHTi,! 9 Ha TBOHXI u,epKBaxx ciapHHEHx^ EHpocTaiOTi, ^epesa; OaSl HG CXBaTHTI, yjIHD.'B ^HHHHXt . . . CJTO MaTyillKa MocKBa! KTO, cnjiaii), B03LM6TT. B^ oxairay 10 XOJIMI 6oraTHpa? 11 KTO co6teT^ sJiaTyio manKy y KTO D,apB-KOJioKOJii> ia no^HMeT't? KTO ijapL-nymKy eTi)? HJji^nH KTO, rop 1 a,en, r & 13 , He CHMMCTX y CB.H- THXi B-B KpeMJli BOpOTt? . . . TH, KaKi MyqeHHHKi), ropijia, 6ijiOKaMeHHafl! H B'B 166* KHn-fcjia 6yponjiaMeHHaa. H iiofljb nenjoMT, 14 TH jie^ajia nojioneHHOK); H nenja TH soscTajia HensMinHoro! . . . Hpou.B'BTaH ate cJiaBOH B^HOH, ropo^t xpaMOB-B H na- jaTi)! rpa^ cpe^HHHHH, rpa^ cepAeiKHH, KOpeHHofi POCCIH rpa^! 0. 1. wonderful. 2. ancient. 3. suburb. 4. girdled. 5. plough-land, corn-land. 6. temple, church. 7. ncnojiHHCKifi , giant, gigantic. 8. paper, parchment. 9. celebrated. 10. embrace, BS^TI. B-B oxaHity, to seize round the body. 11. athlete, valiant knight. 12. the king of bells. 13. proud or haughty man. 14. ashes. 188 Forty-first lesson. CopOK-L n6pBiifi Use of the Cases. (Continuation.) The Instrumental indicates the instrument, agent or means by which an action is performed or a qualification expressed. It is used: 1. With passive and reflective verbs to indicate the object or person by which the action is performed: OHI JK>6HMT> cBoiiMii ^pysLHMH, he is beloved by his friends; OHI saHHMaeicfl ToproBJieio, he occupies himself with trade. 2. With active and neuter verbs to indicate the instru- ment or means by means of which an action takes place: OH-B nnmeix nepOMx, he is writing with a pen. 3." With Adjectives and nouns to indicate the part of an object which is distinguished by a particular quality: pale in the face; weak in health. 4. With the comparative to designate the measure by which one object exceeds another: OH-L roJOBOH) BHme Meea, he is taller than I am by a head. 5. To designate name, surname, dignity and quality given to an object or to indicate what it becomes. It is there- fore used with such verbs as: to call; nasMBUTb, to name; , to announce, proclain as; , to consider; B, to elect; to make. Also with: , to be born as; C.IBITB, to have the reputation of; , cxaHOBHTBCH, to become. 189 position, Providence, to reach, to recommend oneself, to shine, solitude, strong, CHJBHHH supply, npojtOBO to surround, talent, victory, whisper, monoi-i accident, bountiful, GJiarofl'BTeJiBHHS to be celebrated, clever, cnoc66Hbift to coquet, flirt, daring, CM^jraff to divert oneself, endeavour, ciapaaie fasting, nocTi gain, npriSBMB to give oneself up to, goal, uiijiB inhabitant, odniaTejiB loss, noxepa Exercise No. 41. 1. Your talent is given you by God. The English soldiers have obtained the victory at a too high price. Many have paid for it with their lives. Napoleon was small in stature but great in intelligence and a genius in undertaking. The princess Olga was considered a clever ruler; the Church named her holy and history called her wise. 2. Qua 6mia oqeHB xopoma co66n H ysma, KOKeTmi- qajia co BC'BMH. JI noqejTB j^ojiroMfc npe^aTBca na H'EKO- Topoe BPCMH neiaJiH H ojLHHOiecTBy qiMi> MOJIOAOCTB ne TilHHTCfl. TopO^OKi 3TOT^B Mni HOHpaBHJICfl CBOHaTB Il4- - a oaBHoe, CBOHSTB xoponiHM'B BHHOMX. peKOMen^OBaTBca: nena soByT^ FarHHHMTE), a BOTI) 9TO MOJI CeCTpa. JI T iyBCTBOBaJI r B Ce6fl CiaCTJIHBHM'B. Bee 6jraroA'BTejiBHO ycTpoeno npoMHCJioM'B BoadHMx. IIoji- HOTC, cKa^c'u'B MH^ nionoTOM'B TarHniu MOJIO^OCTB He KH- iri>j[a ET> neaii) Kjrro^eMx; oea CBiTiuracB THXHMTE) CBiTOMt. Osepo BafiKajiTb HOJKHO HasBaiB P^HHM-L narasHHOM-B KJK- HOH CH6HpH, HCT6qHHKOMI> HapO^HarO npOAOBOJIBCTBm BO BpeMfl nOCTOBi, OdHTaTCJIH H-BKOTOpUX^ M-BCTHOCTCH POC- C1H CJiaBJITCJI Oc66eHHHM'B HCKyCTBOMt Bi KaKOM'B-JIH^O 3a- HaTiH HJTH peMec.ii. The islands are surrounded on all (co with the gen.) sides with water. Many a gain has been obtained by a great loss. Peter the Great, although young in years, began to govern himself. He was strong in body and daring in undertaking. Many a man has reached his goal not by accident or the help of others but by his own perseverence and endeavours. 190 Questions on Grammar. 1. When is a verb followed by the instrumental case? 2. In what case is the comparative followed by the noun in the in- strumental ? 3. Name some verbs that require the instrumental. 4. In what case is the qualifying adjective followed by the noun in the instrumental case? > 5. Name some prepositions requiring the instrumental case. Conversation, What was the name of his new acquaintance? His new acquaintance was called Alexander son of David. What did Ratch do when he entered the room? He opened (widely) his large mouth, and began laughing with a harsh voice (laugh) striking himself on the thigh with his palm. You considered F. a happy man? In my eyes (estimation) F. was the happiest person in the world. Where did you make his acquaintance ? I made his acquaintance once in a coffee-house. I happened to be a witness of a protracted chess match between two players. SBaJiH Houaro ero 3Ha- KOMIja? Houaro ero snaKOMija AjieKcan.a.poM'B Kor,a;a B r L OHT> innpoKo pasHEiyjri. COJ niOfl CBOll pOTL, H 3QXOXO- TaJit MeTajuniqecKHMt xo- XOTOMI), XieCTKO ce6i jaAOHLK) no csa^n. BH CIHTaJIH ^CJIOB'EKOM'L? rjiasax'B $. 6ujn> CiaCTJIHBLIM'L ^6- Ha CBiTt. BH c^ HHM^ nosnaKo- MMHCL? Ct HHM1) HOSHaKOMITJICa BI KO({)ennoH. CBHJI.'BTeJieM'B Hofi Hi Me3K,u,y 6axa- nrpo- 191 Reading Exercise No. 41, Kiest. BHCOKO nepe^o MHOFO CTapun KieBt Ha#& r Hn > fcnp6M r b; CBepKaers no^-L roporo nepejuiBHiiMt J cepe6pOM r t. Cjiasa, KIGB-L MeoroBiqEUH, pyccKoS cjiaBH ftOJiti6&iB! 2 Cjiasa, flH'Enp'B nam'B 6ncTpoTeqHHH, Pycn ^HCTaa KynejiL 3 ! FpOMKO nicHH pa3,n;ajiHCff, Bt ne6'fe CTHX^ Beqepmfi 3BOHi>: o6pajiiic^, 6oroMOJiBii 1 H 4 J na noooex 8 ? ,,fl CTpyaTca raxifi ^OH-L, Kpaca nojiefi." ,,H oy6iiTCJi 6 6e3npe,a, r BJiLHHfi EHHceii 7 !" -- Kpaii MOH ,,Tenjnjn 6peri> 9BKCHna!" Kpa5 MOH 6peri> T'ixi. flajiLHHX'L crpaB'B, r^ o^na cnjiomHaa 8 jn>,piHa 9 10 oKeaHi.." ,.,HHKI, H CTpauieai, Bepx-L Ajixaa, 6;iecK r B ero CHir6Bi>; TaMt CTpana MOJI po^naa!" CTapufi ncKOBx." ,,^ OTI CHOHXTE, BOJIH^ HeBii." ,, MHoroBO^Hoii." ,,^ OTI MaxyniKH MocKBii." BOJIHH! Cjiasa, KieB'B nyA 1S TBOHX^B desMOJiBHufi 14 Kpame i;ap- najiaT'B, SHaenx MH: B'B Bina 6n.rae, BI HO^L H MpaKi, rjry6oKt, Ha.u.'b ToCon Poccia, coJiHii,a Btqnaro BOCTOKTE*! XOMflKOBl. 1. transfused, recast. 2. cradle. 3. font. 4. pilgrim. 5. greeting, reverence. 6. to roll, whirl round. 7. Yenisei. 8. continuous. 9. ice- field. 10. to put in fetters. 11. native land. 12. gloom. 13. cavern 14. silent. 192 Forty-second Lesson. CopOKi BTopoft Use of the Instrumental, (Continuation.) 6. With verbs conveying the idea of esteem, contempt, possession, management, sacrifice &c. as: o6jraflaTB, to possess, , to be proud of, , to \)Q satisfied with, to prize, to respire, , to sacrifice, H30f)HJiOBaTB, to have in abundance, to abound in, KJiflCTBca, to swear, KOMan.noBaTB, to command, , to rejoice at, to enjoy, , to take possession of, , to limit one's self, , to profit by, to avail, npaBHTB, ynpaBJiaiL, to govern, npene6"peraTB, to have contempt for, to neglect. 7. With the nouns derived from such verbs, as: ynpaB- , the management of the estate. Note. 6iiTL, cxaxL, KasaTLCfl, ,o, r I>jiaTLca have the ad- jective in the instrumental case only when they are used in the infinitive- CJckjI&nCR O'OJBHHM'B, but otherwise the nominative is employed: BHTL, when used as complement to MOHL or has, however the adjective in the nominative: TH MoaeniB SBITB cnoKdeni,, you may be tranquil. 8. As an adverb of time or place and especially with the seasons and parts of the day: 3101610, in the winter in the night. 9. After certain prepositions as: aa, Ha/i,!,, no^i, &c. and the adverb M^sK/jy (v. p. 150 and 154). 193 autumn, OCCHB beak, KJK>BI> chambermaid, i China, Kniafi desert, nyciBraa, cienB garret, ^ep^aK-B honour, ICCTB immense, orpOMraS lane, alley, nepeyaoieK-B old, Beixiu protection, to reap, roof, KP sculpture, carving, secret, ' to sow, to sparkle, flash, spring, secna of tile, wood, Exercise No. 42. Every man must prize his honour. Do not swear, either by the sky or by the earth. He was proud of his knowledge and had a contempt for those who knew less than he. Many monarchs know the secret how to govern the hearts of their subjects. The king him- self commanded the immense army. You* have availed yourselves of my kindness to neglect your duties. 2. EHTB xy^oatHUKOMi, . . . MH nycTHJinct B$ ropo.a.'B, H, CBepnyBuiH B^ ysKiir, KPHBOH, nepeyjioHeK neper's Demon's B^ ^Ba OKHa mnpHH6 H BMEIHHOD T6pe STaaca. BCCB .fljOMt CT> CBOCH Beixofl pt.3B66H, TOJICTHMH cTOJi6aMH BHHSjf, ocTpofi ^epcnaqHOH KpOBJiefi H npOTjfHyTHM r & B^ BH^'B KjiiOBa BopOTOMTb Ha ^ep^aK'fe, Ka- sajica orpoMHofi, crop6jieHHOH nTHii;eH. Mni saxorfjiocB pyCCKHM-B BOS.HyXOMT*, XO,3,HTB HO pyCCKOH 3CMJI4. ^yBCTBOBaJii> ce6^ HOHTH pascepateHHHM'B H .nojiro ne ycnoKOHTBca. Aca noKasajracB MH-B coBepmenHo PYCCKOH ^ByniKOH, .na, npociOK) .niBymKofi, ^yTB ne rop- HH^HOH. Ona jiiO^B KanHTana MHponoBa, TOFO caMaro, HTO 6ujn> KOMCH.ZI.aHTOM'B Bi O^HOfi H3i Op6H6yprCKHX r B Kpi- nocTefi. Thank God morning and evening for (sa) his kindness and protection. We sow in the spring, but we reap in the autumn. Elephants live in many hundreds in the woods of Africa and Asia. China abounds in various productions of nature. The camel is called the ship of the desert. In what sort of money (instr.) do you wish to receive the amount (cyMMa). Give it to me in Eng- lish gold. 7 194 Questions on Grammar. 1. When does the verb ciaib require the following adjective in the instrumental case? 2. Name some nouns governing the instrumental. 3. "When does the verb GHTB in the infinitive form require the fol- lowing adjective in the nominative? 4. Name some prepositions that require the instrumental. Conversation. How was your friend Fus- toff's temper? F's temper was remarkable by its evenness and its pleasant but somewhat re- served politeness. And why does he call him- self a veteran of the year 12? At the time of the fire he remained in Moscow and lost all his property; that is all his service. What are you doing here on the banks of the Khine? I am trying to occupy my- self here with painting. Where is the small town of S. situated? The small town of S. is situ- ated (at a distance of) two versts from the Rhine. I have been there often in summer. Why did you like this little town so much? I liked it (this little town) for its position, and espe- cially for its wine. KaKOBi 6UJLT> Bamero HpaBi, <{>ycTOBa H KaKOK)-TO JIHBOCTLIO. A noqeMy ont ce6jf BeTepa- Bo BpeMfl noiKapa OHT, BT, MoCKBi OCTaBOJICH H HMy- iu,ecTBa Bcero JIHIIIHJICJI. BOTI> sea ero sacjryra. BH ^ijaeTe s^icL na 6eperaxTb PeHna? CTaparocL sann- atHBOHHCBK). jieatHTt ropo^OK-B 3.? 3. JieJKHT'B B'B JliTOMi TaMi HaCTO 6H- 3TOTX TOpO.HOK'B nonpaBHjica? 3TOTI. MH^ HO- CBOHMi M^CTO- noj03KeHieM'B a CBOHMI> BHHOMX. 195 Beading Exercise No, 42. n cjionii. iH l U,apB BeJTBJLl C00paTB H Kor,a,a OHH npmmiH, Be.a'BMi'B HM-B noKasa/TB CBOHXT. Cjiintie nomjiH BI KOHromnpo H CTaJin m,ynaTB 2 CJIOHOBI,. OAHH'B omynaJTi nory, ^pyrofl-XBOCT'B, 6pK)xo 3 , qexBepTun-cnHHy, miTUH-yinn, mec IIoTOMi i^apB nosBaJTB cji'tn^xt KT> ce6t H cnpocH-ii: Ka- KOBIJ MOH cjion6? O^HHI> cji'LnoH CKaaajT): ,,CJIOHLI TBOH JIOXOJKH na CTOJi6H"; 9TOTI cjinofl mynajii Horn, cjitnofi CKa^ajix: ,,OHH HOXOH^H na BtHHicn 5 "; STOT-B XBOCTI.. TpeTin CKa3ajn>: ,,OHH HOXOHIH na Kyqy 6 36M.1H; BTOTi mynajn, JKHBOT^ 7 . TOTX, HTO lujnajTB 6oKa, CKasajn.: ,,OHH DOXOJKH na CTiiHy"; TOTT&, ^ITO mynajii cnimy, CKa- saji-B: ,,OHH noxoatH Ha ropy"; TOT-B, ^TO myna^i yiiw, CKasajn; ,,OHH noxo^H Ha njiaiKii"; TOT^, qio ni.ynaji'B xo6oT r B, CKasajTB: ,,qTO OHH noxoatH na TOJiCTyro BepeBKy" H uc'Ii cjiinue cTajin cnopiiTB H ccopniBca. 1. Indian. 2. to feel. 3. belly. 4. trunk. 5. besom. 6. heap 7 stomach, belly. 196 Forty-third Lesson. CopoKT, Tp&rift ypoKi. The adjective and the passive participle have the full termination even when employed as predicatives in the following cases: 1. When the predicative noun is omitted: .HCHL 6ujLT> xojio;i,HLift ? the day was cold; ji,eHL is here omitted ^CHL 6HJFB XOJrOflHHH fleHB. 2. After the noun to put more emphasis on the quality: UeTp-B BeJiHKifi 6nJi r B n,apL yMHHH, xpa6puH, cnpaBe,a;jiHBHH, Peter the Great was a clever, brave and just Czar. The apocopated termination is used even when the ad- jective is employed as attribute: 1. in poetry, as: KacnincKO nope, the Caspian sea. 2. In some expressions, as HHCaTL Ha-HHCTO, Majr& Maja MeHBme one smaller than the other Cam and CIOILIH. The pronoun caara is used in connection with personal pronouns and with animate beings: TH caMX 3TO SHaeniB, you know it yourself, KHariraa caMa npiixajia, the princess herself has arrived, caxnii on the other hand is employed with demonstrative pronouns and inanimate objects: 3TOTi> caMHH MajiL^HK^B, the very same boy, B'B TOM^-ace C^MOM^ HanpaBjieniH, in the very same direction. (The prepositional of can^ is 197 arena, field, nonpnme celestial, conqueror direction, Hanpasjienie to distinguish oneself, OTJIH- mild, EpdiKifi pensive, power, might, MorymeciBO predecessor, to prick, pure, chaste, nenopoiHufi enthusiastic, BOCTOpateHHHH j ruler, extraordinary, HeotfHKBOBeHHHH i speech, to follow, crBxosaTfc surname, nposBaaie to gain, npioSpiiaii wonderful, jUSt, TOJItKO 5TO Exercise No. 43, Alexander, great and wise among the rulers, was also an extraordinary man. The Victorian age distinguishes itself in many points from those of her predecessors. How can one live by oneself, love only oneself and be use- ful to nobody? The great victory gained at that very same time obtained for the king the surname, the conqueror. 66.ua qy^ecHaa. OHI Jiert pa^pMi co^ MHOEO, H yjKB TJTL CBo66,n;Ho noTeoH MOJio^6a nanm piqn, TO ropH^ia, TO sa^yM^HBHa, TO BocTopaceHHEia, HO HOITH Bcer^a He^ceMa piqn, B^ KOTOPHXT. TaK^ OXOTHO pasjiii- BaeTca pyccKiu qejioBiK^. ft. caMTE, CKOpo npocrajica C-B rarHHtrMi. Kor,a;a cepjuje BOO^ynieBjieHo 1 ^o6po^'feTejii,K), Tor^a aKejiama ero Henopoqeu, na^eac^H He6ecHHJi, juo6oB& K'B Bory ^HCTtHuiaa. IIo Bceny 6&io saniTHO, ^TO^ BOC- nHTanie ona nojiyqiijia CTpaHHoe, neo66qHoe, ne HMiBinee HH^ero 66m,aro ct BocnHTanieM^ canoro rarnna. Bx STO caMoe speMa MCH^ CHJIBHO KOJiLHyjio B^ rpy,n;L noHHace npaBaro njieqa, a yniii H JiHinnjica qyBCTBi,. CaMoe Ma- jiOBaatnoe npoHcinecTBie Hnor^a OTKpHBaeTi npefl'B nonpHin,e Moryu;ecTBa H After the death of Peter the Great nis wife Katherina governed, mild in character and beloved by the people. In the very same moment the door opened and he ap- peared. Follow in the very same direction which he has just taken. The children came out of school, one smaller than the other. Questions on Grammar. 1. What is the difference between the pronouns caMi and 2. Which of these two pronouns is used with demonstrative pro- nouns ? 3. When is the full form of the adjective employed even when used as a predicative? 4. When is the apocopated form of the adjective used, even when employed as attribute? Conversation. Ivan Demyanitch? asked my friend from behind the door. He himself it is, answered the new-comer. How is the weather to-day? Bad weather. How do you like my new house? (rooms!) I like it very much; the rooms in it are not large, but they contain many nice objects (things). How did the thief enter your room? I don't know myself; the door is closed and the gate of the garden was also closed. Is there no servants' room near? Yes, it is near the kitchen. Are there cupboards in the servants' room? Yes, there are. Perhaps the thief was hidden there. Very possibly. I have also forgotten to tell you that there is also near the antechamber a dark closet, which is generally used as a lumber-room. o6tiKHOBeHHo cnpo- CHJI'B H3!>-3a ^BeH MOH caMUH H ecTL OTTO- jicfl BOineAimfL KaKOBa cero^na noro^a? noro^a. HpaBHTCfl BaMX MOfl KBaprapa? Ona MH^ OICHB npaBHTca, BX HCIi KOMHaTH H6 B6JIHKH, HO BX HHX^ MHoro npc- Bein,ef]. 66pa30MX Bopx BO- BX Bamy KOMHa r ry? Caaii, He-3HaK). ^BepL sa- uepTa H BOpOTa ca^a xoate 6HJIH 3anepTH. HiiTx JIVL KOMHaTH RJia npn- cjiyrn 6JIH3KO? ^a, ona Bos-iii Kyxen. ECTL JIH CTinnee inKanH BX npncjiyrn? 6HTB, ^TO TaMX (6ujii> CKpHTT>). B03M03KHO. T03K6 3a6HJIX BaM'B CKa- 3aTB 199 Beading Exercise No. 43. H jmciiu;a. Grapua 6ojiLHOH jiGBi, jiGJKajifc E% nemepi. 1 H,apa, TOJILKO Jincnua HG BOTX BOOK'S o6pa r a,OBaJica cjiyiaio H CTajn. npe^ JILBOMI, orosapHBaTL 2 jiHCHii,y. Ona, roBopirr'B, Te6a HH BO qTO ., HH pasy Ha samjia u,apjf npoBi^aTB. Ha 3TH H npH6ijrH 3 JIVLCKW. Ona ycjinxajra, TTO BOJIK'B ro- , H .nyMaerB: ,,noroAH at%, BOJIK^, a Te6-B BHMemy 4 ". jres-L sapinajii) 5 na jmcnnj, a ona roBopiiT^: ,,He B6JIH KaSHHTB, B6JIH CJIOBO B&MOJIBHTB. )I OTTOI'6 HG 6tt- sajia, ^TO He^ocyri 6 6mio. A neAOcyri. 6ujio OTTOFO, HTO no BC'BMy CBfey 64rajia, y ^'LKapeS A-M Te6ji JiiKap- CTBa cnpaniHBajia. TOJTBKO Tenepi> naimia, BOTTB H npn- diatajia". JTest H roBOpHTi: KaKoe ji-BKapCTBo? A. BOTI, KaKoe: ecjin atHBoro BOJiKa o6,n l epemB, ^a niKypy ero TenjieHKyro Ha^ r BHeaiB . . . pacTanyjii, 7 JIGBI> BOJKa, lHCH^a sacMiajiacB H : TaKfc-TO, dpaxi; rocno^i HG na 3Jio, a Ha ,a,o6p6 Ha,fl,0. 1. to make inquiries. 2. to find fault, to blame. 3. imp. instead of past tense. 4. to avenge. 5. to begin to roar. 6. want of leisure time. 7. to lay along the ground. 8. to bring on. 900 Forty-fourth Lesson. C6pOKt HCTBepTuii ypoira. Verbs. With regard to the use of the tenses it may be re- marked that to give more vivacity to the description, the present tense is used instead of the past and the fature. The Infinitive is used in Kussian: 1. Instead of the future tense: OIJTI, tfij.a;*, there will be misfortune, GIJTB BoflHii there will be a war. 2. In the sense of a categorical imperative: MOJiaiB, Jsilence. The Imperative is often expressed in Russian by the second person where the third is expected: J(a,n Bor-b Ban-B SAOposBe, God grant you health; or by the singular where the plural might be expected: Croft pe6aia, stand still children. Remarks on the Verb OLITL, to be. 1. When the subject and the predicate are both nouns, the third person of OHTL (CCTB, cyTt) is omitted: ope.TL nTi'ma, the eagle is a bird. 2. ecTL has often the sense of it exists-, in this case it is always used in the singular even when the subject stands in plural: ECTL .iM> r T,ir ? there are people. The past and future, however, of 6iiTB always agree with the subject: HsaHfc foui MHJoe ^nia, Ivan was a lovely child. 3. With 6u.Ti> 9 6y,a,y, 6y^,L the noun used as predi- cate stands in the instrumental when it expresses only an accidental or temporary condition: a GHJI-L TOJBKO 3piiTo.ioMii 9 I was only a spectator. When expressing a permanent quality, the nominative is useo 1 : Poaa ijapiina ^B l tT6Bx, the rose is the queen of flowers. 301 affable, kind, bashful, CTHJJIHBHH blessing, fijiarociOBeme bold, CM^JIHH critical, to describe, easy, free, economical (housewifely), BHTHH to feel, grave, to guess, industrious, TpyflOJi6HBiiS tp look, MHfl'ETL timid, p66Kift timidity, title-page, sarjaeie vexation, joca^a to be vexed at, Exercise No. 44. 1. Never shall we meet again on this side of the grave. What shall we think of such friends, who do not wish to know us in the time of our misfortune? How shall I describe to you what I felt in that critical position? Getting very angry, the king exclaimed: Bring (the man) him here, before me. 2. ECTB na CBTi TaKia ciacTJiHBHa jniu;a; rjffArB Ha BcaKOMy Ji66o: TOIHO OHH rpirox-B Bacx HJIH rjia- Y TarHHa 66jio HMCHHO Tanoe JIHU.O, MHJioe, Jia- CKOBoe. KaK'B TH .nyMaeniB, ACJI, nofiTii naai'L ^,OMOH? Ilo npupo.fl.'E CTH^JiKBaa H pp6Kaa, ona ^ocaAOBajia ea H ex .noca^H HacHJiLCTBeHHo cxapajiacB H CMijiOH, qTo en ne Bcer,a,a y^aBaJiocL. Ha sarjiasie KHHrn: BTO 611^11 KaKoii-To $paHii,y3CKifi ponaH-B. Ha cji'B^yroni.iH ACHB a OHHTB ne ysnaji'B ea, noKa ne ^ora^ajica, ^TO efi Bj.pyri) BOIIIJIO B-L rojiosy: GBITB AOMOBHTOH H CTeneHHofi KaKi> 6jiarocjiOBeHie cuny MoeMy; nycTB ne , CKaM eMy. HOBBIXX Apy^en HaajHBaft, a ne 3a6BiBan. Ia deTTb Boja ero. The means to do some good, every man has and al- ways will have. This young man who was a soldier five years ago, is now an officer and will in time be a general. Let us be friends. Be satisfied with the condition in which you live. God is my strength and my protection. The younger brother will not be so industrious as the elder one. 202 Questions on Grammar. 1. In what instance is the verb GHTB always used in the singular? 2. When does the noun used as predicate, stand in the instrumental case after the verb GHTB? 3. When dees it stand in the nominative? 4. When does the adjective stand in the nominative after 6nTb? 5. When is CCTB omitted? 6. Mention some instances where the infinitive is employed. Conversation. What are you doing? I am reading; to read books is useful. How many pupils are in your class? Forty-five. Are they all industrious? No, there are industrious and lazy ones, clever and stu- pid pupils. In what way did you become acquainted with him? You have not been at school this morning (to-day in the morning in school). I could not come because I was ill. Have you brought a note (to say) that you were ill? Yes, there it is. TH wraTL CKOJILKO yieHHKOBT, Kjacci? Ba- HflTL. JLVL OHH ecTL npujiKHije JTBHHBEie, yMHHe H KaKHMi, 66pa30M^ BH nos- HaKOMHMCB Cl HEMlV TEJ ne 6ujLi> cero^na noyxpy Bl yiHJIHIIl.'B. S. ne npinTH 66jieHi>. JIH TH saniicKy BOTI. ona. 208 Beading Exercise No. 44. CHJIHHHH. 7 KHTaficKaro HMneparopa Toanqn 6mia jro6HMaa HMnepaTOpi, xoiiji^, *rro6H BGCL Ha- HOMBUJFB ero JH)6HMyK) n;apHii,y. OHI. noKasaji^ mejiKOBinHaro x ^epBa 2 H CKasaJi^ ,,HayHHCL, HTO ci 9THM% ^epBaKOMi ,0,'E.iaTL H KaKX CFO BO,fl,HTL, H Te6fl HC 3a6n,eT r B." CTajia CMOTpiTt ^epsefi H yBH^ajra, HTO Kor^a OHH saarapaEOTx, TO na HHX'B 6tiBaeT^ nayTHna 3 . Ona 4 axy nayTHHy, cnpajia ee BI HHTKH H coTKajra njiaTOKi.. HOTOMI ona npnMijTHjra, Ha TyTOBuxt 5 ^epeBBax^. Ona ciajra CT> TyiOBaro ^.epesa H KOPMHTL HM^ nepBefi. Oea MHoro nepBen H nay^HJia CBOH napoji.'B KaK'B BO- HXl. C% T-BXTB nopt npomjro naTB T&icai'B JI-BT'B, a KHTaH^RI ^;o CHX'B nop^ noMHSTX HMnepaTpHO,y CHMHHH H B$ HCCTB ea 1. 2. Silkworm. 3. cobweb. 4. to unwind. 5. of mulberry. 804 Forty-fifth Lesson. Copoxi (Continued.) Verb, EIIJIO with the infinitive expresses a necessity: Bant 6610 pa66iaTL, you had to work. With the past tense it denotes an action that had no result, or that is about to be accomplished: fl co6pajica 6iuio BCTaih, I was just going to get up. OrjflHyjica GHJIO, HO nomejra onaxi,, he had turned round but went on again. on the other hand conveys the idea that the action often repeated is still continuing: BtiBaio saKpiraHTi, it happened that when he began to shout. It also gives the idea of being in the habit of doing a thing. Many verbs govern in Russian various cases. Such are B lipu TL. In the sense of "to trust in" it is used with the dative: ft B^pE) saraeMy CJLOBY. In the sense of "to believe in" it takes the accus. with the preposition BJ>: R B^pro BI Eora, I believe in God. CJiii^OBaTB in the sense of "to imitate" is used with the dative, as: JI cji^yD BaraeMy npuwcfepy, I follow your example. It is used, however, with the instrumental and the preposition sa when it means literally to follow behind someone: sa MOHMI OTijeM'B, I followed my father. 905 acacia-tree, aptitude, bower, cough, example, faithful, imitation, immortality, landowner, omniscience, path, aopojK philosopher, at all risks, to keep silence, npHKycniL to turn back, Exercise No. 45. 1. The faithful servant followed his master everywhere. Many ancient philosophers believed in the immortality of the soul, the omniscience and kindness of the Almighty. Children, follow the examples of your parents and teachers. The apes imitate the movements of human beings. We had to do our lessons first. 2. nojrao, ,ACH, ycnoKOHca, roBopnjTB FarHH'B: TH BHaeniB, a Te6 sipio. He^ajieKO OT'B STOFO nicxa, Bt CTOponi OTTE. .nopoJKKH, Haxo^HJiacB He6o^Lmaa HSI. aKaii,iH; a nopOBH^Jica CTE> Hero H yjue npouiejii. MHMO ... a MeatAy T^MI, Ha ccp^e y Henri 66-io ropLKO. H nyBCTByro K^ sani) ,a,oBipie, H pascicaaty see. - - TaKi> BOT^ ^TO . . . npOMOJiBHjrB 66jro a, H npn- Kyciiji-B as^KX. H BaMi, He CKyqno 6iiJio Cesx Haci? na^ajia Ac. 0, a yMiio OTra^HBaTL! npo^ojiatajia ona: 6tiBaJTo, a no o^Hony nanauiHHy Kanuiio HST. .a.pyrofi KOMHaTH ysHaBajia, ^OBOJieH^ JIH OH-B MHOH, H^H nfcb. Hi>Ti> napo.a.a, KOTopuH 6ti 6"6jrtnie pyccKHx^ Cuj'L o^,apeHi> cnocodnocTiio KI> nepeiiM^HBocTH H noApaacaHiro. HHOH noMiimHKfc nanpHM'Bp'B BOSLMeTi, ^HBOO Hay^aqy ni- CKOJILKO CBOHXI> KpinOCTHHX'B MaJILHHKOB'B H, H6 OCBi- ^OMJIflflCL O6l> HXT. HaKJIOHHOCTH RT> ^eMy-JIH6o, SaCTaBHTX yHHTLCfl, o^Horo -- canojKHOMy MacxepCTBy, ,a,pyraro-2KH- BoniicH H 66a OHH A^ajiHjTHCL xopouiHMH MaciepaMH. When you do good, you follow the example of God. Socrates believed in the immortality of the soul. I trust in jour honour and sense of justice. Follow him wherever he goes. I was just going to open, when I turned back and went away. One does not trust a liar, even when he speaks the truth. 206 Questions on Grammar. 1. When does the verb B^PHTB require the dative? 2. What case does cji-BjoBaTB require, when used in the sense of "to follow". 3. What is the difference between 6axo and GHBEUO? 4. How do we render in English 6u&o with the infinitive? Conversation. Where do you come from? I intended to go to my grandfather, but was de- tained on the way and turned back. Come in. I am very sorry, but I can- not stop here. Then wait a moment, we shall go together. Walk a little slower; I can- not follow you. They say your brother went for a soldier? Not at all; do not trust every report (rumour). I always believe people who speak the truth. Not everybody is to be trust- ed. Not everybody must be believed on his word. You are right; but after all we often believe a thing, because it is easy to be- lieve what is agreeable to us. BH noinaii 6njio fli^yiiiid}, HO 6uji r L sa^epJKaHfc H sep- nyjica BecLMa coatajiiro, ITO ne nory MIJ no THIIIC, a He Mory cxEflOBaTL sa nomejii ET> a H-fcTi; He scaKOMy npa- B.a.y a Bcer,a;a sipro. He Bipu. He BcaKOMy BtpHTB Ha CJIOBO. BH npaBH; HO see TaKH BipHMi 16My HH- noTOMy ^TO OXOTHO TOMy, HTO npiaTHO. 207 Reading Exercise No, 45. IIoxopoiiii H (27 ro IBOM, 1859 ro ro^a), pano yTpont, npn- MH-B BH^TB cn,eHy, KOTOpaa flojiro ocTaneT&a y BQ& naamTH. 'B MaTpocoBx Ha Kopa6ji'B cKOH^ajica npo- HOHB. Tijio noKOHHaro ji.0 cero^Hfliimaro yipa CTOJIJIO no?(T> o^pasaMH 2 ; cero^Hfl ero xopOHHJiH. B'BK'B meCTB MaTpOCOBl, COnpOBOJK^eMHe 3 HaiUHMI, CBflmeHHHKOMX, B6H6CJIH nOKO^HHEa Ha BepXHIOK) na.iy6y 4 . Tijo 6tiJio njioxHO 5 sauiHTO B'B caBani, 6 : K^ Horaaii 6mia npuKpiiLieHa gyryaHaa 6ajiacTHHa 7 . JepeBaaHaa peineTKa 8 , aaKpuBaiomaa rjiaBHHH cp^fliH 6opTX 9 . PeTBHsana, 6m[a CHaxa; Ha dopTi, HOJOSKHJIH ,fl,6cKy, KOHeii,^ KOTOpofi ; na AOCKy onycTHjm T-BJIO noKonHHKa; otjmn.epa 10 npn^epajHEajiH .nocKy. BaHTH 11 yc^nann Hap6jj,OMx; o(j)Hi;epH OKpyatajin 66eHiaro CBoero cocjiy- HBll,a 12 . Bt TO BpeMfl, KaK^ CBflHI,eHHHKl. ^HTaJI'B MO- JIHTBH, a HCBOJIBHO HarHyjica Bnepe^ H BsrjiaHyjii BHHSI. Ha Mope. BOJIHH rjiyxo iiiyntiH, TO BHCOKO. no- ,a,iiMaacB H BCMecKHBaa 18 niny 14 , TO poa BOKpyrt ce6a 1. I happened. 2. images. 3. accompanied. 4 deck. 5. closely. 6. shroud. 7. ballast. 8. grating. 9. board. 10. non-commissioned officer. 11. shrouds. 12. fellow soldier. 13. to splash up. 14. foam. 908 Forty-sixth Lesson. CopOKi mecxoft (Continued.) CM-MILCH "to laugh at" is used with the dative when it refers to an abstract reason or cause: MH cM-fceMca onacHOCTH, we laugh at the danger. If it refers to a person, the instrumental with the pre- position UiiRL is employed: He CMtHTecL na^t saraHMi ome'Mt, do not laugh at your father. , o6ynaTL, to teach, to train, require the dative for the object of the lesson and the accus. for the person taught: OHI yiHr& MCH rpaMManiK-fe, he teaches me grammar. yiHTi, er6 BC-EMI, HayKaMt, he teaches him all the sciences. , to learn, to study, is consequently used only with the dative of the object learned: OHL yiHicfl pyccKOMy asuKy, he studies the Russian language. , to satisfy, requires the accusative when relating to a personal object, otherwise it is used with the dative: yaoBJieTBOpaeT'L ymiejia, the pupil satisfies the teacher; but: OHI yflOBJieTBOpaei"& jnoSonHTCTBy cecrpH, he satisfies the curiosity of the sister. IIo3ji,paBJiiTB, to congratulate, requires the personal object in the accusative and the reason or cause in the instrumental with the preposition ex: Bac-L CL HOBHMI, ro^oM!,, I wish you a happy new year sact ct BHB^opOBJieineM'B, I congratulate you upon your recovery. 06a3aHHHii, obliged, requires the dative and instrumental: Si oSaaaHt eMy noiienieMi., I owe him respect. OHI oCasaHt ie6i cnaceHieMi,, he is obliged to you for his safety. 209 birthday, bow, Jiy creditor, curiosity, JTBO^OHHTCTBO to dig, KonaTL heartily, HcnpeHHO, heathen, loss, damage, martyr, Persian, sound, 3ByK/b threat, yrpoaa. Exercise No. 46. 1. Do not satisfy your passions for pleasures. Do not laugh at people in their absence. You must learn some- thing useful. Congratulate your parents upon their birth- days. He taught me the Russian and French languages. You owe respect to those who have taught you some knowledge. We thank you for your kindness. The martyr laughed at the threat of the heathen general. 2. JpeBHie IlepCH ctinoBefi CBOHxt yqiijn Tpe'Mt npe;i;MeTaM!>: isAHTL BepxoM^, CTpiiJiflTB H3T> jiyKa H ro- BopHTB npaBAy. - - HOTOMI, Ji fl^Majia ITO MH-B Ha^o6HO yiHTBCff. n03,3,paBJIflK) BaCi C'L HOBMMi TO^OMI), OTI> cep,a;iiia H ^ymii jKejiaro Baanb Bcero Jiyqinaro. He caiMcs qyjKOH 6kji$, CBO^ Ha rp^i. OHH naj^-B saMH npocTO CM r K)Tca. OH^B ne Mo^eTi, y^oBJieTBOpHTt CBOHXI, 3aMo- ,n,aBii,eB'B. OHH 6y,3,yT^ erapaTLca qTo6i> yji,OBJieTBopHTL saci. 3a y6HTKH. fl. snaio HTO a ^ojiacent 6ujn> R&TL BaMT yAOBieTBOpeHie. ^ejiOBte*, KOTOPHH He BHyqHjicfl BX MO- JIO^OCTH, BO BCK) 3CH3HI> HH^6My HC BMyqHTCH. Kor^a fl s6yqy CBOH ypoK^, TO 6y^y Br * ca^y KonaTL rp^M H ca- ataTt u,BiT6. He BipLTe BceMy, HTO roBopaTt, H HC ro- BopHTe Bcero, ^TO .nyMaexe. In the schools the pupils are taught many languages and various sciences. Her father taught her the English, language and her mother taught her Russian songs. We satisfied our curiosity and went nearer to the place whence the sound came. We laughed heartily at that ridiculous person. We shall try to make you reparation. I set you and your threats at defiance. (*) He was the first to teach me the Russian letters. To set at defiance cuiaTbca 210 Questions on Grammar. 1. When does the verb ciiiaTLca require the noun in the instrumental case? 2. When is it used with the dative? 3. What case does the verb yinTt require? 4. In what instance does the verb y^OBjrerBOpaTL require the accu- sative? 5. Which construction does the word otfaaanHHH require? Whither did R. go to in such a hurry! Another pupil expects him. Conversation; Ky^a 3To P. TaK-B cKopo .Hpyrofi nTeneRTB ero OJKH- He teaches him mythology. Is he a teacher of various subjects V Yes. He teaches mathematics, geography, statistics, Ita- lian bookkeeping and music. Are you going to your brother now? Yes, he expects me. Then will you, please, give him my regards and con- gratulate him upon his recovery. I am very much obliged to you for your kind dis- position towards us. When shall we see you again ? That is still uncertain; I hope next week. Remember me very kindly to your parents. MHeojioriH ero yum,. paa- ,n,a. OH^ yiHTi reorpacjrin, 6yxrajrrephi BH Tenept n^e'ie K^ Baineny 6paTy ? JI,a. OHI. Mena nooo- eMy OT^ MCHS H no3,zi;paBjiaHTe ero ct BHS- oqenB sa .nodpoe pacnojioatenie same KI. Kor,3,a MH OUflTL ? em,e neHSBicTHo, a na , ate OT^ N.QEH HCKpCHHO TCJIflM'B. 211 Reading Exercise No. 46. (Continued.) ,,IIoMflHH, FocnoflH, BO ijapcTBiH TBOCMX pa6a TBoero THXO nporoBOpiiirfc CBain,eHHHKX. npomeirrajiH B$ TOJini. ,,CnycKafi!" . . . CKasaji^ KTO-TO. JI,ocKa HaooHiLiacB Kfc Mopro; T-fejo naiajio M^JienHo CKaTHBaTBca, eme ceKyn^a 2 -- H OHO nponajio BI BOJI- naxi . . . BH npe,a,CTaBHTL cedi ne Moateie, KaKoe Bne- HaTJiinie rpycTH, ^.aate CTpaxa ociaBHjiH BO MH'fe BTH no- XOpOHH. ^TO HH TOBOpH 3 ; geJOB^Ky CBOHCTB6HH0 4 TOJIBKO acHTt H yMHpaTL na seMjrk; Kor,n,a nejioBiKa xoponaTt fit 36MJIH), pasjiyKa 5 ero c^ JHO,II,I>MH KaaceTLca Bee ne HOKOHHHK^ 6jniate KI CBOHM^, Ki H6My 6jltt3&Q; HXi paS^JiaGTi CJIOH 8 Bcero B^ ^Ba apmnna; HO Tyro Ha Mopi Ky.a.a OHTE,? . . . BI KaKyro nycT^Hio, B^B Kanoe CTpanmoe o^HHoqecTBo sanecjio ero? . . . B'B cym,HOCTH, KOH^HO, He see JIH 3TO pasno? Ho npnxo.HHT'B canoe A^O, Kor^a cjiyqaeTca 6HTB TaKHX'B noxopoHX, cep,a,u;e H roBOpa r rx rpoMne 1. Jimen. 2. second. 3. whatever you may say. 4. natural, proper. 5. separation. 6. perceptible, sensible. 7. as if though. 8. layer. 9. soil, ground. 10. habit. 11. philosophy. 212 Forty-seventh Lesson. Copoirt cejjLMoft Prepositions. The preposition fit is used with the accusative in the following instances: 1. To denote (similarity or) resemblance as: BT> oma, the daughter resembles the father. 2. To indicate measure, ivciglit and price'. BI ipn ny^a, three pouds; B-L meciL apiimtii>, six arsheen. 3. To indicate promotion, the rank or society into which someone enters, as: noiue'jrb BI COJASITH, became a soldier; nepemeji. ui K,ynii,H, became a merchant; B-L MOHaxH, was made a monk; BT, oi, promoted to be an officer. The rank is expressed in Eussian by the plural of the persons belonging to it. Kynn;ii means not only the merchants but the guild of merchants. It is a collective noun and the accusative is consequently like the Nominative. 4. When answering to the question how long? or when? B-B jsa row, in two years; Bt noHCA'B.'iHHK'i,, on Monday; BO BpeMa Herpa BejHKaro, at the time of Peter the Great Bt is used with the prepositional 1. to indicate distance, as: Bt jByxi, BepcxaxT,, at a distance of two versts. 2. After verbs conveying the idea of accusation, denial, confession and repentance as: BT> rpijxaxi,, to repent one's sins; &cfl BT> omiio'K'B, to confess one's guilt, mistake; BI BOpoucxBi, to accuse one of theft. 213 Poltava, in remembrance, BI Swedish, mBe^cKift to throw down, to plunge, no- sepraTL wedding, 6paKocoHeTaHie workmanship, HCKyccTBO. of" non-commissioned officer, K)HKepCKift to attack, author, to celebrate, n to fall into, nonaciLca BI Latin, jraTHHCKiii a military school, Exercise No. 47. 1. Sometimes this little bird attacks other birds 20 times bigger than herself. The deputation presented him with a clock of rare workmanship and containing gold and diamonds for 150000 roubles. Czarskoe Selo is situated 25 versts from St. Petersburg. We celebrate this day in remem- brance of our happy wedding. On Monday I visited my brother, who has just been promoted to be an officer. 2. IIonaBfflH BI HeTep^ypri, a CKopo nosadtiJTB name Te'MHoe H HeBece'jioe TH^ES^O. # nocTyniiJi'B B'L roHKepCKyio , a HSTB HIKOJIH nepenie'ji'B BI> FBap^eHCKiH HOJIKTB. 3. JiesKHT^ BI ^Byxx BepcTaxT> OTI Penea. S. He xoTtjix sarjia^HBaTB B^B caMoro ce6^. JI nome'ji'B BI> JI. H OCTaJICfl TaMl. U.'BJIEIH ^6HB. Bl> nepBHC flHH HOCJlt CMepxH, OTii,a, npa O^HOM-B BByKi noero ro^oca, ee toa jHxopa,a;Ka, jiacKH MOH noBeprajiH ee BI Tocsy. Ona ^o CHXI nop'B He MOHteTTb 3a6HTB MEHyxy, Kor^a en BI nep- BIJH pasi) naAijiH nie'jiKOBoe njiaTte H nou,foiOBajiH y HCH pyiKy. HaniH cojiAaTH nonajiHCB BT, pyKH HenpmTe;ia. ft B^epa nonajii. Ha CBa^i>6y. Bi ^.sa ro^a CBoero yiema OHJ> yate BC-BXt JaTHHCKHXI. aBTOpOBl.. JBi meCTH BCp- IIojiTaBR naxo^HTca TaKi, HasiJBaeMaa ,,uiBe^CKaJi Moraia." Daughters are not always like the mother and sons are not always like the father. It is easier to accuse others of their faults than to confess our own guilt. The innocent is often accused of a crime which he has not committed. Lord Roberts has been promoted to the dignity of Com- mander-in-Chief of the English armies. 214 Questions on Grammar. 1. Name some verbs that require the prepositional with the prepo- sition Bl. 2. In what other instances is the prepositional with BI employed? 3. In what instances is the accusative with the preposition BT> used? 4. How do you translate into Russian: he is just like his uncle? Conversation, Where is your uncle's country- house situated? My uncle's country-house is situated beyond the moun- tain a hundred versts from the town. He seems to be very rich. Yes. One may value his estate at a million roubles. Where is his son? His son entered the military service and was promoted (to the rank of) officer at the age of twenty; during the Turkish war he was wounded in the shoulder and tendered his resig- nation. Did he come home by him- self (on his account)? No; his mother left for St. Petersburg and then for the place where her son was, and at any cost he was obliged to tender his resignation. Bdmero ,Ha?a Moero sa roporo BO cia BepCTaxi OTB ropo.ua. OH-B, KaateTca, ,Ha. Ero HMtme MOJKHO II,iHHTB B'B MH.OiOH'B pyfaefi. Tfl$ ero CKHX? CHHI. ero BCTVIIH.I'B BI BOCH- cjiyjK6y H na ^Ba^D;aTOMi Toj-, BO BpeMflTypeniKOH BOHH& OHX 6ujn> paneni B'B H no^aji^ B'B OH-B caM^ npiixaji'B ; MaTB OTnpaBHJiacB Bt HeTep6ypr^ H HOTOM'B Ty^a r^i 6ujL'L ea. CHHI, H BO ^T06H TO HH CTaJIO OHI. .n.oJiateH'B 6fiiji r B no- i OTCTaBKJ. 216 Reading Exercise No. 47 Cy^ona. B'B EcKOBCKofi rytfepmH, Bt IIopoxoBCKOMi CCTL pfriKa CyflQMa H na 6epera'x'B TOH piiKH BCTB ropH, flpyri, npoTHBt flpyacKH. Ha oflHofi ropi 611:1% npejK.a.'E ropoflOK'B BHmropo.niOK'B Ha flpyroii ropi B^ np^3KHia BpeMena cy^HJiHCt CjaBjrae. C'rapHKH pa3CKa,3HBaK)T%, HTO Ha STOH ropi Bt CTapnny c^ ne6a BHcijra n.-EHL 2 , H ^TO, KTO 6nji% npasi, TOTI .no H,ijira 1 fl,ocTaBaj r B 8 pyKOK), a KTO 6ujrc BBHOB^TX, TOT^ ne Mor% flocTaTL. O^HHt ^ejiofiiKt saH^jit y flpyroro .nenLrn H OTnepca 4 . IIpHsejiH nxt o6onx r B Hd ropy Cy^ony H AOCTRTL ,a;o uinn. TOTB, KTO .a.aBdji'L ^HLFH, no.ii,- pyKy H cpdsy ^ocTaJii. npnnieji r & ^epe^ BHHO- ocTasaTB. OHI> ne OTHnpajica, a TOJBKO CBOH KOCT^JIB 5 HO^epSKaTB TOMy, C K'BM'B Cy^HJIC jioBH-Be 6uxo pyKaiiH ^ocxaTB ^o n.tnH H flocTajn.. Tor^a nap 6^,1, y^BBBJicfl: KaK^ o6a npaBu? A y BHHosaTaro KOCTUJIB 6HJI f B nyCTOH, H B% KOCTHJI-B 6tIJIH SanpflTaHBI 6 Ti cawufl ^eHBrn, B% KaKiixx OH'B OTnnpajicfl. Kor,n;a OTji.ai'B B'B pyKH KOCTHJIB ci> ^eHBraMH no^epataTB KOMy OH% ^ojrateHi 6Hjii>, OH'B ci KOCTBiJieMi. oT^aJii H OH'B o6MaHyji'B BC-BXI. Ho c^ Tix'B nopi Ha ne6o H 6ojiBine ne cnycKajacB. TaK'B paa- CKaBHBaiOT'B CTapHKH. 1. district. 2. chain. 3. to reach. 4. to deny, disavow. 5. crutch, leaning-stick. 6. hidden. 216 Forty-eighth Lesson. CopOK-L BOCLMO& (Continuation.) 3a requires the accusative when it expresses distance or time: aa xpn ro.ua xoiiy nasa^t, three years ago. It is also used with verbs conveying the idea of taking hold off, grasping by, &c., as: BBHTB 3d pyicy, to take someone by the hand; XepasaTb sa nyjiBci, to hold one by the pulse; BSHTB sa mi'mopon,, to take one by the neck, to collar one. 3a with the instrumental is used with the verb: to send for, as: nocjraTB aa iimn,, to send for him; sa aityinepKOio, for the midwife; sa flOKTOpOMi,, for the doctor. The preposition aa with the instrumental also an- swers to the question; for what reason: sa tfesyMieM-B, on the ground of insanity. To drink one's health is rendered in Russian by HHTL sa 3^,opoBLe Kor6-HH6y,n;&. Ho with the dative means according to as: no siiKony, according to the law; no CBU^tTejiBCTBy, according to the testimony. It also indicates the repetition of an action either at a certain time or in a certain space, as: no Beiepaurb, on evenings; no M'fcCT&M'Bj at (certain) places. Ho with the accusative indicates limit either in space or in time, as: no KO.THfl, up to the knees; no meio BI BOA^, up to the neck in water; no cie Bpeauj, up to this time. It is translated in English by "up to", as far as: ,0,0. II o with the prepositional means after = nocjrij: no CMepiH, after the death. 217 chameleon, xaMeieoni cunning, sly, custom, o important, insanity, 6esyMie to jam, pinch, m to justify, exculpate, to meet, to surprise, aacxaiL to pass (the time), npOBec-ra personage, oco(5a priest, CBameHHHKt to hold a reception, to sit or stay, saca tavern, cookshop, xapiesHa to turn out, Exercise No. 48. 1. He simply took him by the neck and turned him out. We shall send our servant for your luggage. Peter the Great used to wear the same coat a year and two years. He used to pass every day (daily) a few hours at work. On Wednesdays we visit our grandmother. Madam N. holds her receptions on Mondays. On mornings and evenings we say a short prayer. 2. 06epHyBiHHCL BO MH$, OHT, : 3a sflopoBBe ,n,aMH Bamero cep^ija! ^TO aa xanejieoHx 3Ta fliBymKa! JI saciaji^ ee pas^ ct KHiirofl, o^ny. KTO nxi) npHHyjKji.aji'B Bu^aBaTL ce6a sa po^CTBen- HHKOBI,? BnponeM^, a CTapajica o HHXI, ne AyMaTt; 6po- Nijn> He cirEnia, no ropaM't n JHOJIVLESLWL, Bt .nepeBCHCKHX^ xap^eBHHX'b, MHpno decijiya c H rocTaMtf, XOT^[ na cep^i y MCHJI m,eMHJio no fl. BSfljrt ero sa pyKy. Hepsoe jiHu,6 BCxpiTHBinee na npoTHBonojiojKHOMi) 6epery, 6HJii> caMufi TQTT> npuxo^HJi'L KG MH^ no yxpy. Ofli 6njii. onpaB- sa CTcapocTiro JI-BTI,. 06paTHiecL EE BanieMy no He speaks French, German and Kussian perfectly well. Up to this minute I thought she was his sister. We sent at once for the priest. The poor child was already up to its knees in water. According to the testimony of many important personages he was innocent. He was acquitted on the ground of insanity. According to an ancient custom. 218 Questions on Grammar. 1. Name some verbs which require the instrumental with the prepo- sition sa. 2. In what instances is no used with the dative? 3. In what instances is it used with the accusative? 4. How do we render the English "up to" into Russian? 5. In what instances is 3a used with the accusative? Conversation. You have travelled by land ? Yes. I do not like to travel by sea. You have removed from your house? No, we are still living there, beyond the river. Where is your daughter? I have sent her to the chem- ist's for medecine. Tell me, please, where is your old servant Ivan? My servant Ivan was taken as a recruit in the place of his brother, and now he is freed from service on account of his wounds. Has he up to this time not yet recovered? Yes. Be has recovered, but he cannot work any more, on account of old age. A year ago I helped him as much as I could, but now I am over head and ears in debt myself. BEI a. ne no Mopro. BH BirBxajiH ns'b KBapTiipti ? BameH JKHBCM-B, Bama ee sa pf>KOK). B-L airreKy sam^ CTapHH cjiyra H Bain>? Mon cjiyra HBan^ BSHT^ 6uji^ B'B peKpyru sa 6paTa, a TenepL yBOJieni, OTI cjiywi6u sa OHT. no cie Bpena eiu,e ne BHSJl.OpOB'BJIX ? ^a. OH'B Btis^opOB'Bjix, HS ne MOJECT^ 66,iBnie paOo- TaTt sa CTapocTiro 3a ro^i> a eM CKOJIBKO MOF'B, HO TCOepB O. caMi no yniii B'B 219 Reading Exercise No. 48. 1000 EoraTHH le-noB-EKi, xoTtaB oT,a,aTB 1000 6'EflHHM'B, HO H6 BHaJTB EaKHM'B 6 r fe^,HEIM r B flaTB 3TH OHT. npHniejr& Kt CBameHHHKy H roBopnTB: ,,xoqy 1000 sojiOTtoB 6i,3,HHM r B, fla ne snaro Kony .a.aTB. Bo3LMHTe fleetm H pas^aHTG, KOMy snaeTe." CBan^eHHHK-L CKasajiTE,: ,,AeHLrH OojiBiDm, H Toace ne snaio, KOMy ,/i.aTL: MoaceT't OHTB, a o^HOMy .ji.aM-B MHOFO, a najio. CKaaiHTe, KaKHM'B 6'i ( 3 ) HLiM'B H no ,n;eHerx." BoraTuu cKasajix: ,,ecjiH BH ne BHaexe, KOMy , TO Bor^ snaeTi,: KTO nepBHH npH,n,eTTb K^ Tony H OT,a,aHTe ^HLFH." B'B TOM'S ace npiixo^'B 1 atHJii. 6 r fe,3 1 HHfi ^ejioBiKX. Y Hero 6ujo MHOFO ^-Bxefj, a cau'B OH r B 6ujn> 66jreH r B H He Mori, pa6oTaTB. BtAHtiH qejiOBiKi HHTajrb pasx ncajiT^pB 2 H npo^ejii) 3TH cjiosa H 6wjn> MOJioto u cocmoptbMX, u He npdeednaio ocmdejiennaio 8 u dnmeu eio no.nyMajT'B: ,,a BOT% ocTaBJieHi BoroMi! a a Aypnoro HH^ero He c&&ia4&. ^aw no5,a,y KI, cBflui,eHHHKy cnpomy ero, KaKi, xaKt nenpaB^a CKasana OH-B nomejix KI> cBflui,eHHHKy. CBam^HHHKTb yBH^ajni ero H cieasaji'B: ,,3TOTi nepBHH npameji'B KO MH^, H OT^ajii eny Bci 1000 SQJIO- doraxaro 1. parish. 2. psalter. 3. abandoned. 4. Holy Scripture. 220 Forty-ninth Lesson. CopOEi AeB&Tiift ypoira. (Continued.) Ha is used with the accusative in the following cases: 1. With verbs conveying the idea of exchanging one thing for another or dividing into parts, as: Ha Kopony, to exchange a horse for a cow; JHTJI Ha flB-fc qacTH, to divide the child into two parts. Verbs expressing the idea of dividing can also be used with the preposition Bt and the accusative. 2. With verbs expressing anger or complaint: Eon, pasrHtsajca Ha HamnxT, npeflKOBt, God grew angry with our ancestors; OH'L acajoBa.TCJi Ha CBoero cocija, he complained against his neighbour. Ha requires the prepositional. 1. After the verb acemrrBca, to marry when applied to the man as: MOH 6paTt xeHHJica Ha AHr.Tii 9 my brother has married an Englishwoman. When applied to the woman to marry is translated into Russian by: BHXO^HTL iuitfpKi* sa Koro-Hn6y,ii,i.: Moa cecipa BHouia sasiyati aa $paau;y3a, my sister has married a Frenchman. 2. With the verb iirpaiL "to play" to indicate the musical instrument as: Moa cecrpa nrpaen Ha MaH^oji'iiifc, my sister plays on the mandolin; or na CKprinKi, on the violin; Ha (JjopxeniaHO (not declined), on the piano. HrpaTL, in the sense of "to play a game" requires the accusative with the preposition BT>, as: HrpaTL Bt aciuypKH, to ^lay at blindman's buff; nrpaiL B't Kapia, to play cards. 221 chess, maxuaTH to cut, paspis to delight, pa Denmark, ,3,aHia to disturb or agitate, to draw, Edward, elderly, frankness, OIKPOBCHHOCTI game, nrp& ill-treatment, Aypnpc-o6pam6eie pianoforte, (^opTeniaHO plaything, Hrpymsa prisoner, apeciaHTt province, skittles, nine-pins, KCTJIH. Exercise No. 49. 1. Russia is divided into many provinces. King Edward of England married Alexandra, daughter of the king of Denmark. His mother, Queen Victoria, had married Prince Albert. Men very often complain against Providence. The children exchanged their old books for playthings. King Solomon said: Cut the child into two parts. Never exchange your old friends for new ones. 2. Ea ABHjKema ^jm OICHB MHJIH, HO MH^ no np&K- , CHJIO Aoca^no Ha nee. fl ne yniro yrpaiL na OH^ BCTaBaa: noTOMy HTO Bi,n;B BH na Act He aceHHTecB. OHI> yniejix, a a 6pocH.ica na .HHBani, H saKpturx rjiasa. H. ,n;ocaji;oBajii na oTKpoBeHHocTB ParHHa, a. ^oca^OBaji'B na Aero, ea JIB066BB H pa^OBajia H cMym;aJia. HtcKOJiBKO yace HOJKHJIBIXI. nrpajiH B-B In the evenings they play cards or chess. The globe is divided into 5 parts. She was playing on the zither. The prisoners complained against their ill-treatment. Yesterday we passed the afternoon in playing various games. Ni- colas II, Emperor of Russia, married an English princess. 222 Questions on Grammar. 1. What is the difference between jKeHHTtcfl and BHHTH sawyafE. 2. How do you express in Russian "he married his niece"? 3. In what instances is na used with the accusative. 4. In what instances is it used with the prepositional. 5. Which is the construction of the verb "to play" in Russian? Conversation. What did Susanna reply? Susanna made no reply, but Eleonora Karpovna sud- denly approached and said that Susanna liked music very much and played on the piano most beautifully. Then Mr. Ratch must have married a widow the first time? Probably. Did F. also play that evening ? Yes. I have already said that he played excellently on the zither. Do you like this instrument? Yes; but I have a horror of the piano since my door- porter's daughter has taken to playing on it (plays on it). You are right. The fact is, that one does not know where to take rooms to be out of hearing of the piano; it pursues one (you) every- where. I !TO OTB^ajia Cycaena? CycaHHa Hniero He OTBiTHjia, no 9jeoHopa KapnoBHa B^pyri> no^ouiJia K^ Haai^ 11 CKasajia TTO CycaeHa MySHKy 016HB JIK)6'HT r B, H cana O^CHB npeKpdcHO nrpaerL Ha (jjopxeniano. - 6iiTB , rocno^HHi, 3K6HHJICH BI> IiepBHH past na BAOBi? Bipoarno. TOTX Beiept? ,Ha. A yjKe CKasajix TTO OHT. OTjjiiqHo Hrpaix na BaM-L npaBHTca 3TOTi> HH- CTpyJICHTI) ? ,U,a; no jr HeHaBH?i;y (j)opTe- niano ci> Tixi. nop^ K.IKI, ^OHB MOeil ^BOpHH^HXH Ha HCM'B P>IJ IlpaBH. ,HlO B'B TOMI,, ^TO ne 3HaeniB 6ojiBnie r^t B3UTB ce6i KBaprapy qToOti HsCijKaTB 4>opTeniaHo; OHO 223 Reading Exercise No. 49. lii H Haixa.i'B 1 D,apL HeTp^ na MyjKHKa BI afccy. MyatHKi, I],apL roBopHTB: ,,BOJKLH noMoni,L, HK'B H roBopirrB: ,,H TO MH^ HyatHa BojKBa n6- cnpainnBaeT'B: ,,a BejiHKa JIH y Tetfjf ceMB^? rt - Y Mentf ceMBH ABa c6ea ^a %*& ,a,6qepH. Hy He BejiHKa TBoe ceMeiicTBO. Ky^a atx TH ,n,eflBrH A a .neHBFH na Tpn ^acxn Kja^: BO-nepBHXT. , BO BTOpux'B BI> ^oJirt Aaro 2 , BX TperLHxx BI. BO.u.y Me^y 3 . HapB no,a,yMaji'B H ne aeaeT^, TTO aro snaqHTi, qio CTapHKB H flO-iri, HJiaTHTX H Bi &QJITT> ^QT'L H A ciapHKx roBopHTx: ,,,a;ojir r L njia^y OTii,a, ; BT> .a.ojir'B .naro CHHOBCH KopMjub; a BX Bo.a.y flo^epen pomy." l],apL H rofiopHTt: ,,yMHaa TBOH rojiOBa, CTapn^eKi.. TenepL BLIBGAH Mena HSTB jiicy fit nojie, a ,a;op6rH ne ." MyjKHKi roBopHTi: ^aii^eiiiB H caMTb ^opory; np^MO, nOTOMl) CBepHH BHpaBO, nOTOMt BJliBO, HO- onaiB snpaBO." 1. to run against somebody (driving or riding). 2. to give on trust, to credit. 3. to throw. 224 Fiftieth Lesson. IlaTHji.eoiTiift ypoira. Construction. With regard to construction and the order of words in a sentence we shall add the following remarks: 1. Adjectives generally precede the noun. If a noun is accompanied by several attributes the most important and necessary one stands nearest to it, as: MOM HOBHff, 6-E.iHH, mejiKOBHH jKHjeT'B, my new, white, silk waistcoat. 2. Pronouns are usually placed before the other attri- buts. Often, however, the pronoun is placed after the noun, as: ciapHH flpyrfc nami., our old friend. BCCB and 66a always precede the noun: set 3TH npnjieatHLie yiemiKH, all these industrious pupils. 3. Cardinal numbers as a rule precede the noun: eiiy flecfliL itix, he is ten years old. 4. Adjectives and cardinal numbers are often placed after the noun either to lay special emphasis upon the quality or to express an approximate number, as: Heciacxie cxpanmoe cjiynniocL ct HHWL, a terrible misfortune has happened to him; eMy jiti-b jecflTt, he is about 10 years old. In titles adjectives and numerals are put after the sub- stantive: HeTpt BejiHKifi, Peter the Great; AjeKcaHApi. TperiH, Alexander the Third. It may also be remarked that KOToparo, Koero, whose are always placed after the noun when used with a pre- position: BT, AOM-B KOToparo MH atHBeMi, the landlord in whose house we live. It would be wrong to say BTB KOToparo The particle He must always be put immediately be- fore the word to which it refers. The verb is not necessarily put at the end of the sentence except when special stress is required. 225 artistical, blissful, happy, to bound, boundless, fainting, saMnpame Greek, FpeKi. harbour, raeaeb loss, destruction, merry, Be ce" .raft reluctant, reluctantly, HCOXOTHO to seem, shallow, tender, H-BJKHHH troubling, winged, Exercise No. 50; 1. Both your friends seem to have forgotten you. The Greeks were an intelligent, artistic and brave nation. I don't want any of the books you sent me. I did not sleep the whole night. The whole world knows it. I do it reluctantly. I do not care about it. With all my heart (.nyiiia). 2. )I 6ujn> Tor,u,a MtfjioflT. H 6nym;ee, STO KOpoTKoe, 66cxpoe Gyflymee, KasajiocB MB^E 6e3npe;vE.iiBHHMi. 5 3HaBaJH> ^pyriixi) aseHmnnx HO nyBCTBO, Bos^yat^eHHoe BO MH^ ACCH, TO stryiee, Htenoe ^yBCTBo, yate He HOB- TOpMOCB. H^T^ HM OflHH TJiasa HC BaMtflHJIH MH^ T^X^, Kor^a-To c^ jiK)66BtK) ycTpeMje'HHEixi. na Memf oasi, HH na qi>e cep,a;nie, npnnaBmee KI, Moea rpy^H, ne OTB^qajo MOC cep^e TaKHMx pa^ocraaM'B H cjiaAKHM H a caMx? HTO cxajiocB co MHOEO? HTO ocTajiocB OTI> 6jra5KeHHHXi H TPCBOJKHUX'B ^nen, OT'B na.nejK.ji.'B H CTpeMJiemii ? npoBHA'BHie ne cnacajio Poccip OT'B rii6ejiH. EcjratfEi JIIOAH ne 6ujm no.3,- isHaM'B, TO H^ 6nao 6n HH BpaqeS, HH an- BopaTX, ^TO 64 1 3 I HOCTB ne nopOKX. HSB^CTHO, ^TO ASOBCKOC MOpe HeotfUKHOBeHHO p66HO, HO O^CHB MCJI- KOBOAHO, H ^TO no 6eperaMx ero HbfL xopomHX'B raBaeefi. Twenty-five merry, happy, little boys came bounding out of school. My youngest sister is about 10 years old, but my brother is 12 years old. Madame L., in whose house I had seen her for the last time, was looking out of the window. I have been waiting for you nearly two hours. I have no time. 226 Questions on Grammar. 1. When are cardinal numbers placed after the noun? 2. Which is the place of the pronoun in the Russian sentence? 3. Which is the attribute that stands nearest to the noun? 4. Which pronouns always precede the noun? 5. Which place does the particle ne take in the sentence? 6. Where is the verb put in the Russian sentence? Conversation. Was she well dressed? No. She had on a very old dress, almost that of a child, with short sleeves. And did she return to the room? Yes. I did not expect her to return; but she soon came back and sitting down in a corner she glanced at me once or twice penetratingly. Where were you sitting whilst she was playing? I was sitting behind her (Su- zanne), I could not see her face; I only saw how her dark long hair often swiftly swept her shoul- ders. * How long did you remain in the house? About 3 hours. What did you think about all this, when you left? I passed that whole day thinking about R, Suzanne, (and) her parents. Ona 6RJ18L xopora6 H^TX. Ha HCH 66jio OICHB CTapCHBKOe, HOHTH A'ET- CKoe njiaTLHn,e c^ KOPOT- KHMH pVKaBqHKaMH. H ona BepHyiacB B^ KOM- naiy? ,Ha. R ne ojKH.a.aii ITO ona BepHeica; HO ona CKOpo CHOBa: H npn- BI yrojrB pasa ji,Ba nocMOTp'kia Ha BH CH,ZVEJIH nrpa^a? JI CH^'BJi r B csa^n CycaHHH, e^ JiHU,a a. ne MOF^ BH- A^TL; a BH^JII* TOJIBKO KaKx e^ Te'MHEie, ,o;jiHHHLie BOJIOCH H3p4,n,Ka npiirajiH H 6ajiHCB no nje^aMi.. CKOJILKO BpeMena BH ocTasa- JIHCB fi BH .nyMajTH o BCCMI 3TOM%, Kor.ua BH B6CL TOT'S ^6HB Bt pasMHrnjieHiax^ o o CycaHHi, 061 erf 227 Reading Exercise No. 50. (Continued.) DjapB H roBopHT'B: ,,a STOH rpaMOTH 1 ne noHHMaK), TH CBe,II,H MeHfl*." - MHi cyflapB, BO^HTB neKor^a; naMt BI EpecTB- ^6HL ^Oporo CTOHT'B. Hy floporo CTOHTX, TaKi a A OHH Ha O^HOKOJIKy 2 , .noporoK) I],apL nyatHKa cnpamHBaTL: .ajajre^e 8 JIH TH, A BHAaji'B JIH H,apa ne BH^ajix, a Ha,3,o-6'B BOTI, KaKi. BHi f a,eM'B BI nojie, H A KaK'B a ero Bci 603^ manoEi dyAyT^; O^HH^ U,apt BOT-B npiixajin OHH BX nojie. YfiHji.aji'B napo^-B IJaprf - Bci nocHHMajiH inanKH. MyajHK'B najiHTi. 4 oasa, a He OHX H cnparaHBaeix: ,,a r^t JKC H,apB?" fc CMy DCTp'B AjieKC r ieBHqX: ,,BH^HniB, TOJIBKO MH ^Boe B'B nianKaxi KTO-HH6y,a,B HSI naci ^.a Il,apK" 1. information. 2. cabriolet. 3. far. 4. to stare, gaze, open one's eyes wide. 228 Fifty-first Lesson. naTt^ed n^peuft ypoira. Verbs with prepositions, The prepositions not only denote the perfective aspect, but also alter the meaning or give a certain meaning (signification) to the action. BLI denotes out of (out) and has the accent: BbiCitTb, to beat out, BBirnaTB, to drive out, BBi.a.epasaTB, to hold out, BBiKH^aTB, to cast out, BUK.IIOHUTB, to exclude, leave out, BI4KYIIHTB, to redeem, buy off, out. ,3,0 denotes the completion of an action: ^OBO^IITB, to bring up, ,a,oropiiTB, to burn out, ^oriiaTB, to reach. 3a signifies the action sometimes as beginning: aaroBOpiiTB, to begin to speak, aaryjHTB. to begin to walk, sananaTB, to begin to drop, 3aui>BaTB 9 to begin to sing. Ha indicates that the action is being carried on to the end. iiaiiiiTLCH, to drink one's fill, HanncaTB, to have written. Ho denotes that the action takes place only during a short time: noroBOpHTB, to have a little talk, noflparB, to pull a little. or 061 conveys the idea of the entire completion of the action. OKO.IT.TB, to die, perish (of animals) oc.ifjiniTBj to blind. npii frequently expresses the diminution of an action and npo a thoroughness. npnnepeTB, to close lightly, npncT>cTB, to sit down for a moment, npoitojiOTB, to pierce through and through, npOKOiiTHTBj to smoke dry, thoroughly, npOEOBa/TB, to forge through. Prepositions terminating in a consonant and x, take o when joined to a verb beginning with two consonants: to take away. 229 to admire sufficiently, brave, 66flpHH cigar, cnrdpa clear, bright, to creak, to despise, npesnpaTL to bring to an end, npHBOjHTL KOHltf JOK6HHHT* little friend, liberal, generous, to ripen, nocni>BaTL to grow rosy, p sole (of a shoe), as soon as, KEKL TOJLKO. Exercise No. 51. 1. Now and then she looked out of (BE) the window. We sat down for a moment, and waited until he came up. As soon as I finish smoking my cigar, I shall follow you. We had just brought our letter to an end, when he appeared. 2. 'leJiOB'BK'B npojKHBinw RQJITO na CE^TE Ile'Tp'B BejHKiH m,e^;po eMy Bipno. IIoTimL me, MHJieHBKiH ^aflie Mnii HajiK)6oBaTBca na Becenme He npesapafi coB-fe'ra HH^iLero, HO npem^e ero. Hsi TOJICTOH jiomaAHHOH KOHCH BH r a 1 'BJiHBaH)T r E> no- ^OIIIBH. noMOJ^ca Bory, yjierjiaca MaTB; ^TH no HC- Mnory CTajiH sacunaTL. wAx^, OTeii,!)! npoceyBniHCB MajiB- HHR-B saKpnqaji'B. Kor^a HacTynnTt 3HMa, TO ^pKifi orone'Ki saTpem.HT'L B-L ne^ii, jroma^Ka ,a,o6po noo'ijKHT'B no ,, SapyMHHHTCa H JIHI],6 During the summer the apples will become ripe, yellow and red. Your labours, my friend, I shall never forget. She will soon begin to sing something. The nurse will not go out with the child into the garden to-day. I patted him a little (stroke) on the shoulder and he became silent* 230 Questions on Grammar 1. Name a few verbs with #0. 2. Name some verbs with npn. 3. Name some verbs with HE. 4. What does the preposition 3a prefixed to a verb indicate? 5. What does the preposition no added to a verb denote? Some Russian proverbs and idiomatic expressions. [t is easy to live under pro- tection. Who could expect this? Good-bye to our expectations. To shake one's sides with laughing. Highway. Deep play. High life. With little means, but one's own master. He is a very sober man. Nothing affects him. Whence comes all this. As if nothing had happened. Not at all. In this world. Opportunity makes the thief. He is in the way of good luck. A fine show and a small crop. Xopomo TOMy 3KHTB y Koro 6a6yinKa sopojKHTfc. cGi 6a6yniKa H CBfc flCHB. BaTHTBca EOfCL 6oKa cnixa. 6ojiB- Ero HHiero He 6epeT-B. Omy^a see STO 6epe*Tca. Kaiti. HH B^ ^eMi He 6uBaJio. HH qyTB ne 6iiBajio. Ha 6'BJIOM^ CBiTi. Iljioxo ne oa^H, Bopa BI rpix'B ne BBO^H. Eny Besexi. Oe^opa ,a;a BojiBniaa urpa. CB'fcT'B. ,n,a moS. B-B POTTE. HH^ero He 231 She turns her husband round her finger, the conversation ran. [my tongue. The word is on the tip of He does not take the least notice. [can bawl. To shout as loud as one As many men, so many minds. [his father. He is the very picture of Well, what did you gain by it ? Ona BepTHTi. MyjKeMt, efi xoieTca, pasrosopt BTO CJIOBO y MCH^ na H yxoMfc He [CKVK). Ha BCK) HBaHOB- BCflKaro CBOH HH ^aTB HH B3STB CFO BSflJlt? Heading Exercise No. 51. Kopa^Jit 060010^1, BOKpyrt CB^ia H BOBBpa- .HOMOH. BHJia raxaa nor6,n;a, BCCL HapoAt ^HJITB na najiyC-B. Hocpe^n Hapa,a;a BepTijiacB 6ojn>maa o6e3L- ana H 3a6aBJiajia Bcix'B. 06e8BaHa 3Ta Kop^HJiacB, npH- raia, A^ajia CM-BniHHfl poatn, nepeApasHHBajia jno^efi, H BH^HO 6HJio ona snajia, ^TO efi) 3a6aBJiaroTca, H OTTOFO eme 6ojiLine pacxo,u,HjacB. Ona no,n,nptirHyjia KI> 12 JiixnoMy MajiB^HKy, ciiny Kopa6jm, copsajia CTE> ero TOJIOBH nuiany, na- H atHBO B3o6pajiacB na 232 Short Vocabularies of words in daily use: 1. HpHpo^a, nature. 2. ftepe'sHJi, country. 3. .UparoiVBHHHe KaMHH H MeTa.oH, (precious) stones and metals. 4. noje, field. 5. Ca.j.'L, garden. 6. ^peso, tree. 7. lIjio.fl.'B, fruit. 8. IjB-feTx, flower. 9. nTHija, bird. 10. iKHBOTHua, animals. 11. Hac r kKOMLifl, insects. 12. Bo^a, water. 13. ropo^t, town. 14. floMi, house. 15. Me6ejiB, furniture. 16. IlHCLMeHHiia npHHa^Ji^atHocTH, writing-materials. 17. TiJio, body. 18. O^ea^a, clothing. 19. Hnma H nniBe, Food and Drink. 20. PeMecjieHHHKH, artisans. 21. npHHaflJiejKHocTH CTOJia, table utensils. 22. fl$ji&Rie BP^MCHH, division of time. 23. Micai^H H ^;HH ne^ijiH, months and days of the week. 24. npasflHHKH, festivals. 25. 2Kejri3Haa .nopora, railway. 238 Nature. air n66o, heaven, sky 3CMJH, earth oroHB, fire CTHxiu, elements c6iHn,e, sun, jyea, MicaivB, moon sfiia^a, star xyia, cloud s, fog, mist , rain CHi>i"B, snow Mopo, frost Teiuoia, warmth b, cold thunder MOKpoia, moisture 2. stone sand clay , dust sopora, nyxt, road KaeaBa, ditch TponaHKa, path ropa, mountain XCJIMX, hill j-feci, forest, wood barn plain light darkness , CB-BT'B, universe, world shade pajyra, rainbow zaps, heat , lightning storm wind hail ce poca, dew jyHHHft csiTt, jryHnaa HOTO, moon- light HOBOjiyeie, new moon ie, full moon. , Country. ayrfc, meadow AOJHBa, valley n6jie, field cejo,^ village CK-iJJLj l*OCl yKasareiBHHH CTOJi6%, finger-post HpoceJOK'B, cross-road xyxopi, farm xyTopHHKi, farmer seMje^'BJiie, husbandry H364,, hut HM-feaie, country-seat. 3. ^paron.'feHHue KaMHH H Precious Stones and Metals. 30JOTO, gold cepe6p6, silver MiflL, copper xeiiso, iron JKCCTB, 6JIOBO, tin brass piyiB, quicksilver ore metal steel cast iron yrojB, coal 6pdH8a, bronze tin-plate jewel Mnnepa.Tt, mineral jHrarypa, alloy CBHHCIVB, lead KpeMent, flint Mpaiwopi, marble. ajiMasi, diamont py6HH'B, ruby ewerald sapphire pearl rpanai-B, garnet amber asper coral ncpjaMyxpi, mother-of-pearl. 8* 234 4. H6jie, Field. i, wheat poser,, rye os^ct, oats aiueHL, barley Kapi6(J)eJb, potato 6piDKBa, turnip JfGH7>y rltX Kieaepi, clover ctMena, seeds CTajjo OBeuT., flock of sheep cojiowa, straw CHO, hay njiyra, plough 6op6Ha, harrow CTa.no, herd cxajo cKOia, herd of cattle 3a66px, hedge 6op03fl,a, furrow acre 'ijjrie, agriculture , harvest nacTyx'E, shepherd 2 7 / 10 acres. 5. i, gardener njo^oBoe ^epeso, fruit-tree shrub bush pacxenie, plant Kanycxa, cabbage UB-BTHaa Kanycra, cauliflower cajarB, salad nexpyniKa, parsley ropbxi, pea 6061, bean 4>pyKT6BHH ca^t, orchard , Garden. pora,a, grove RjyM6a, bed JHCTX, leaf grass lawn H3TJ rpa6jiH, rake jionara, spade jiefiKa, watering-pot (y6nTaa necKOMt ajuiefl, gravel, path) \, thicket. arbour 6. ,U,epeBO, Trees. oak 6yK-L, beech anna, lime Bflsx, HjreMt, elm ^HHap-L, plane 6epe3a, birch cocHa, pine jiceHL, ash ocnea, aspen leaf poplar THCX, yew ejib, fir KJieHt, maple JIHCTBeHHH^a, larch naJiLiia, palm opixoBoe jepeBO, walnut-tree fl6joHB, apple-tree , snowdrop r, waterlily f>, honeysuckle HIGH*, MapBHHii KopeuB, peony jajiifl, dahlia repaHifi, geranium reJiioTpom, heliotrope ^ia^HHT'B, hyacinth cnpeHB, lilac Hapu,HCi>, narcissus, daffodil auricula rose-bush. , Birds. Kypa, fowls rycB, goose duck , turkey-cock , swallow , nightingale KyKyuma, cuckoo 2KaBopOHOKi), lark atypaBjiB, crane rojy6B, pigeon. 10. SKHBOTHHH, Animals. , horse atepeoeiiOK-B, foal 6HKT,, OX Koposa, cow K03a, goat calf sheep lamb BOJ-B, TCJC^, steer Ko6ajia, mare CBHHBA, pig OCCJI-B, ass jreonapflt, leopard KpdjHK-B, rabbit KouiKa, cat cooaKa, dog 236 elephant bear fox JICBI, lion lioness , stag, deer THrpi, tiger BOJKI, wolf o6e3b;ma, monkej MHIUL, mouse Kp6ca, rat. 11. HaciiKOMHfl, Insects. naysi, spider 6joxa, flea Bomb, louse Kjon-b, bug wyxa, fly meia, be 6a6o^Kae, butterfly ryceHHU,a, caterpillar Mypasefi, ant oc&, wasp ., beetle ,, grasshopper gnat cricket , glow-worm. 12. Bo,a,a, Water. Mope, sea 63epo, lake p*Ka, river pyHeeKt KJDHI, brook HCioiHHK-b, source, spring ycTbe, mouth of river o"epei"L, shore 6yxxa, bay npojiHBT>, strait ctp^a, stream H npnjiHBi,, ebb and flow Seperi, npnMopie, coast pond ford KOJi6ji;e3x, well 6oji6TO, swamp (JjOHTaHx, fountain BOJHH, waves noTOKx, torrent, current noprb, port. 13. Topo.a.i, Town. OKpeciHOCTH, environs ropojcKoft ^OMX, town-hall PIIHOKX, market-place yjHu,a, street Bopoia, gate CKBepi, square MOCTOsaa, pavement no^xa, post-office Tearp-b, theatre 6Bpxa, exchange raKOjra, school rocTHHHHija, hotel MOCTI, bridge apojsKH, cab train flop6ra, railway jopoatnaa CTauuia way-station palace bank t, church 6n6jii6TeKa, library co6opi>, cathedral Kasapna, barracks 6oibHHua, hospital xropMa, osxpori, prison ynHBepCHTexi, university CHp6xcKifi ^OM-b, orphanage tavern rail- 287 jftrma, shop aureKa, chemist's shop jasKa, bookseller's shop pa66iifi or workhouse, reformatory nocipoHKa, building gutter. 14. House. spfinia, roof ci-fena, wall OKHO, window JIOJTB, floor norpe6i>, cellar ceiling story staircase ciynHH, steps room , sitting-room bedroom drawing-room dining-room kitchen , ground-floor , door gateway KOJEOKOJIBIHKT,, bell ,, lock , key , knocker , stove Maranna, lift noport, threshold nepnjia, bannisters cxyneHBKa, landing-tep , shutter nished room. 15. Me6ejiB, Furniture. , table Kpecjio, arm-chair , chair , footstool picture sofa , chest of drawers cupboard , wardrobe CTOJH>, washstand , curtains cradle , pillow mattress, fur- pano nociejiB, bed Jit, writing-desk io, mrror clock KOBepx, carpet 6y<{)eTi, sideboard jiawna, lamp neiKa, stove chandelier candlestick cs-feia, candle CIIHIKH, matches. 16. IlHCBMeHHHs npHHa^JKHOCTH, Writing-Material. 6yMara, paper nponycKnaa 6yM., blotting-paper JHCTI, sheet KoaBepTi, envelope nepo, pen pyssa, penholder seal cypry^x, sealing-wax x, pencil ink inkstand letter-box. 238 17. lino, Body. head hair 1061., forehead rjiasi, eye HOCI, nose porb, mouth noflfiopoflOKi, chin mesa, cheek yxo, ear inefl, neck JJ3HK1,, tongue' ry6a, lips 6p6sH, eyebrows , chest pyKa, arm, hand aejiyAOK'b, stomach rojieHb, shin nora, foot, leg KyjiaKi, fist najieivb, finger KOJHO, knee HoroTB, nail 3y6i, tooth ropjio, throat Copo^a, beard yea, moustaches. 18. py6amKa, shirt mxaHH, trousers nyjioKT., stocking can6r-Jb, boot CauiMani,, shoe in.irina, hat manKa, cap HHejiB, cloak , overcoat , waistcoat cepxyKi,, coat ManaieTKH, cuffs BopoTHHKi, collar- rajiciyx-L, necktie Clothing. nep^aiKH, gloves noi r ra;KKH, braces i, drawers >, handkerchief nepejiHHK'i., apron KKJKa, petticoat bonnet y, veil >, cap (lady's) My<[)Ta, muff jiema, ribbon HJiaibe, gown Kopcerb, stays. 19. Food and Drink. , bread 6yjiKa, roll wac^o, butter cyxapn, biscuits cupt, cheese 6.1HHH, pancakes caxapt, sugar naif, tea K6(|)e, coffee moKOJia^i, chocolate MOJOKO, milk cynt, soup sejeHb, vegetables waco, meat beef , roast meat , veal 6apa,HHHa, mutton AH^B, game K,ypHU,a, fowl mjnjreHOKi, chicken aHiHHii,a, omelet KOJi6aca, sausage , pudding , pastry, patty , cucumber ropiHii.a, mustard yKcyci, vinegar BHHO, wine IIHBO, beer , vodki , brandy 20. baker butcher , brewer man-cook joiner bootmaker tinker blacksmith n,bipi6jibHHK r i>, barber nopxHOK, tailor Artisans. upholsterer carpenter x, chimney-sweep gardener miller H3BomHK'L, driver artist , painter THnorpa(f)ii;HKt, printer. 21. cup 6jiK>AO, dish plate glass o. saucer wine-glass i-pa(J)MH'L, decanter tea-urn tea-pot KO(|)eMHHKi>, coffee-pot tea-spoon CTOJia, Table Utensils. tea-tray npH66p r fc, cover ,, knife fork spoon caxapnHua, sugar-basin 6yTHJina, bottle cojiOHKa, salt-cellar np66oiHHKT,, corksscrew tablecloth napkin. 22. century year b, month BpeMena Becna, spring J'^TO, summer oceHt, autumn 3HMa, winter week day night seasons , Division of Time. yipo, morning nojiaeHb, noon Beiept, evening midnight hour MHnyia, minute ccKynia, second ceroAHfl, to-day Biepa, yesterday saBipa, to-morrow. 23. H ,JI;HH aHBapb, January , September ocTaGpt, October Hoa6pL, November December. 240 , Sunday K'B, Monday Tuesday cpeja, Wednesday 24. , Christmas HOBHH roju-L, New-year Ilacxa, Easter Heat** naxa AecaTHHi;H, Whit- suntide BepoHoe BOCKpeceHLe, Palm-Sun- day HeTBe"pri, Thursday naTHHija, Friday cy666ra, Saturday. Festivals. Bosnecenie, Ascension BeiHKaa nai-HHija, Good Friday nocri, Lent n6cxHHM ACHL, fast day Ladyday Bcixi CBflTbtx-L, All Saints. 25. station niaT(j)6pua, platform ndtsAi*, train IOKOMOT^BI, engine carriage departure ticket Gar&JRi, luggage ^.opora, Railway. pejLCH, rails HaiajiLBHR-LCTaH^H^tation-mastei KOHjyKTOpt, guard CTopoai, watchman porter trunk , portmanteau. 241 Selection of Russian Poetry and Prose. 'L noMomiro MOHXI> jiK)6e3HiJxi> seauiaKOB'L HamejrB SL OKCO$OPTCKOH yjnmii, 6jiH3 r B Cavendish Square, npe- Tpn KOMHaTH sa nojirimeK) Bi HeA-kiR); oni co- B6CB BTOpOU STaatT) ,H,OMa, Bt KOTOpOM'B JKHByTTb cecTpH xoaaHKH, cjiyajaHKa JKeHHH, Bami, ^pyrt H HHKoro. ,,0,a,HH r & Mymaea c^ TpeMa 3Keein,HHaMn! CTpauiHO HJIH BCCCJIO!" HH najio. XosafiKH MOH yKpaineHM npaBCTBeHHHMH ^odpOAiTejiflMH n C-BAHMH BO- JiocaMH; a cjiyjKaHKa ycnijia yate pascKasaTt MH^ TaimyK) HCTOpiro cBoero cepAU.a: H'feMei^'L penecjieHHHK'L mrEHHJica ero, H CKOpo 6y^,eix ciacTjiHBHM'B ea cynpyroM^. B^ 8 gacoBfc yxpa npimocHT^ ona MH-B nafi c^ cyxapaMH, H pasroBapHBaeTX co MHOK) o ^HJiB^HHroBEixt H COHOBHXTE, poMaHaxi.. BKyci. y Heii cTpaHHufi: na Jlosejiaci. KajKCTca en necpaBHeHHo jno6e3H'Be F 06o3Kaa K^eMCHTHHy, .HateHHH cM^eTca n a Kjrapiiccy HaaiiBaeT'B ynHOK) Aypo^. TaKOBLi Karamzin. Fragment from the comedy "The Minor". F-wa UpocmaKOGa. BOT^ B^ qeM'B ^,'BJro, 6aTK)iiiKa. 3a MOJIHTBLI po^HTejieii Hdmnxi. ^aposajri, naM^ rocno^B MH see %bjLdi.m, HTo6fc OHX y Haci TaKOBT., KaKTE) HSBOJIHIEL CFO BH.O.'BTL. He yr6,fl,HO-jIB, MOH 6aTK)inKa, BSSTL Ha ce6a Tpy.a.'B H nocMOTptTL, KaK*B OHI> y nact BHyqen^? CmapodyMb. 0, cy^aptinn, .no MOHX-B yinen yaie Aonuio, ^ITO OH'B TenepB TOJIBKO H OTyiHTBca HSBO.IHJI'B. fl. cjr6- 06^ ero yiHTe.nax'B H Biiaty HanepeA'B, KaKOMy rpa- eMy 6nxB Ha^oOflo, yiacs y KyTenKHHa, H 242 yiaca y Hjj^iipKHHa. (Ih> Tlpaeduny) JTrotfo- 6n SL 611.11 nocjiyniaTL, ^eMy H'EMeu.i.-TO ero BH- UpocmaKoea. Bcint nayoM-B, 6a,TK)iiiKa. Bceny, MOH OTGD.'B. Mumpocfiam. Bceny, qeaiy HSBOJUUIIB. Hpaedum. ^eMy-aci, 6w HanpHM r ipi? Mumpocpam (nodaetwb eMy miuy). BOTX, UpaeduHb (Bssiffb KHUIIJ). Biiaty, BTO BH Bi H6H SHReTG? Mumpofiam. Mnoro. CymecTBH'rejifcHa, ^a npnjiara- BHa . . . Upaedum. ^BepB, nanpHMip^, KaKoe HMH: Cyiu,ecTBH- HJIH npnaaraTeJiBHoe ? ^sepB? Koxopa ,n,BepB? Up. KoTopa ABepB? BOTI 3Ta. Mumpocpam. Mump. HoTOMj HTO ona npHJioacena KX CBOBM^ BoH'B y ^yjana mecia EQ^JISL .usepB CTOHT-B eme ne na- BtineHa: TaE'B Ta noKaM'BCT^ cymecTBHTejiBHa. Up. TaK^ noaiOMy y Te6^ CJIOBO .njpaKTb aoe, noTOMy ^TO OHO npHJiaraeTca Ki oynoMy Mump. H Bi^OMO. F-wa Upocm. ^TO, KaKOBO, MOH CaTfomKa? IIpocmaKOffb. KaKOBO, MOH oiei^E? HeJiBsa jiyiuie. B'B rpaMMaTHKi OHI. Fon Vizin Y,ate CKJEOHHJICJI BI> 6arpaHHa BOJIII, 343 HO*IB MOJi^ajrHBaa Mipno a no .noport 3t|)HpHOH, H TecnepTb JIGTHT^ nepe^x nefi Ci> npeKpacHOH 33^3,21,610 CBOBH. H, o ne6ecHas, KTB BOJUUeCHHM^ TBOHMt iiiipa CBOHMI, CBOHM-B yio ^yiiiy TOCKOH, MaxepB ^HT,a ycKOKofi. Zhukovsky. KTO CKaqeTT,, KTO MIHTC^ no^ xja^HOK) MFJIOH, no3^ajrHw, ci> HHM-B CHH-B MOJIO^OH. oTuy BecB Hs^pornyB-B, MajiroiKa npnHHK%; ero ^ep JKHT ^ H rpieT^ CTapHKi>. TIO KO MHt TH TaKTb p66KO , JliCHOH IjapB BTb Oa3a MHt BI TeMHofi Kop^Hi, c^ rycTOH 6opo,n,65; niTTb, TO 6ijiieT r B Tynans orjiflHiica; MJiaAeHeii;!) KO MH-B; Bece.iaro MHOFO Bt MOGH CTOponi: H3T> SOJOTa CJIHTH qepTOFH MOH.", , JliCHOH ^apB CO MHOH OET> 30JOTO, nepJH H pa^ocT - H^TX, MOH MJia^eeen,!., ocjiHrnajica TH: To B^TepI., npOCHyBHIHCB, KOJIHXHyjIt JIHCT6. ,,Ko HB^, MOH MjraAenen'B; BI Ay6p6B-B noefi YsnaeuiB npeKpacn&ix'B MOHX'B IIpH Mtcai^i 6y^;yTt nrpaTB H Hrpaa, Jieiaa, r re6a 244 , JTBCHOH n,apB cosBajTB BHJKV, KHBatoTTb HSt TeMHUXt H-feTT), BC6 CIIOKOHHO B'B HOIHOH TO BeTJIH (TBA&a CTOaTi Bt CTOpOffiB. ,,,HHTa, a njTEHioca TBoefi KpacoTon: HeBOJiefi HJI, BOJiefi, a 6y l a,eniB TH MOH". Po.a.HMtiS, jitcHofi uapt nac^ Ya;i> BOTX OHX; Mni .nymeo, Opo6 r BJIHH H6 CKaieTTB, 16THTI,; TOCKyexx, MJia.neHeii.i. KPHIHTI. noronaeTt, is^OK'B ,n,ocKaKaji'L . . . pyKaxt ero MepiBRu MJia^eneii.!* Jieajajri.. Zhukovsky. SI nysy BOHyro, BcTpiqaJi^ Ely nojpyHHofi CToponi, H B^oxHOBeHie Jiexajio CT> He6^ci>, HessaHHoe KO Ha see seMHoe Haso^HJio dfKHBOTBOpjfmiS Jiy^'t OHO, H ^jia wena B^ TO Bpesia 3KH3HL H noasia Ho .naposaTejiL nicHoniniH Meea .naBHO ne H Ero Jtoat.naTBca JIB MH Kor.a.a OHSTB? HJIH HaB^KTb Moa yipaxa, H Bi^no ap$i ne Ho Bee, ^TO 01% BpeMeH'B Kor.ua OH'B MHt ^ocT^nen^ 6mi r &, Bee, ^ITO OTI, IHX'B ^.nefi a coxpannjn . MC1TH Kja,a,y na TBO^ ajiTapB reHifl HHCTofi KpacoT&! 245 He SHa'lO, CBiTJ!HX r & Kor^a BOpOTHTca Hpe,n,a; Ho TH BHaKOMT, MHi, iHCTHH remfi H CB'ETHT'B MH^ TB03 IIoKa em,e ea .Hyrna He ynepjio Zhukovsky. TpiimKHHi* Kii(j)Tam>. 7 TpiimKH na sa Hoy IIo HeTBepTH o6p r B3aji r B pyKaBOB'B H JIOKTH sanjiaTHJi'B. KaTant onaTB na neisepTB rojie pynn a ^TO ,u;o ^TOFO neiajin? ate CMieTca TpnniKi A TpnniKa roBopHT'B: ,,TaK^ a me He H Ty d'E.ny nonpasjiK): ^JinHHte npeaimiro a pyicasa nacTasJiK)". P TpnuiKa MajiBiH ne npocTon! 06p r fe3aJI r B ^^A^ OHt H nOJTH, pynasa, H secant TpnniKa MOH, XOTL HOCHTX OHTB KatJjTaH'B TaKOH, KoTOparo ^jiHHHie H TaKHMi, ate 66pa3pM'B, BH,a,aji^ a, nnor.a.a rocnoji.a, IIOCMOTpHHIB: B-B TpHIHKHHOM'B Kruilov. IIojiesHO JL npocBiui,eHLe? IIojiesHO, cjiosa H^T^ o TOMI. Ho npocBiin.emeM'B SOBCMI, MH qacTo pocKomn npejiBii;^HLe, H .naate npaBOBi. pa3Bpam,eHBe: Hd,a,o6HO ropas^o 246 cT&HemB rpf 6ocTH Bop^f c^ JUOR&K CT> H6H H ^o6pIIXi CBOHCTB'B y HHXIi H6 He ocjiatfHTB Ayxfc HXI, HG HcnopmTB He pasjrynHTB HX^ c'B npocTOTofi, H, ^aBIHH TOJIBKO 6jieCKT& nyCTOH, He naBJie^L HMI BM^CTO 3TOH HCTHH'B CBflTOH, 6ti p^qeS na n.iuiy KHury 3,a saatHo TOBOPHTB ne TaKt c$ myTKofi 6dcHefi .aOKasaTL ee npocTaK'B, KaKHxt Bes.a.'B ne aiajro, Hameji'B I ^epB6He^ r E, Ha seMJii. 6HJH> sanaqKaHT) H BT. 'B HHTaKOB-L npHrOpmHH Ha o6M'BH r & KpeCTBHHHHy ,,nocTOH ae", jiyMaeT-L MyaH JIpn.nyMaji'L KOH-^TO a TaKoe, ^TO y MCHA ero ct pynaMH OTOPB^TI>" TyTt, B3flBi necKy, flpecBii H MOH npncTynaeTi H co Bcero H Hy cjroBOM'B, TaKt KaKt atap^ ero nocTaBHTL H nofljiHHHO KaK-B j(& TOJIBKO BT> He'M-B B-fecy H n,iny npeatHiOD HepBonen.'B Kruilov. IIoKa He Tpe6yeT r B HOBTR KTE. CBanteHHOH atepTBi Anoj[J!6H r B, 3a6oTaxi cyeTHaro ero ,3,ynia BKymaeT'B xjia^HHH COHI. 247 H Meat's .a.'BTen HHTTOJKHHX'B Mipa BHTB MoateTi, Bcixx HHqTOJKHtn ont. HO JTHDIB 6omeCTB6HHHH TJL&] JI,o cjiyxa qyTKaro KOCHeTca, npo6y,a;HBiiiiucfl ppeji'B. OH'L B-B 3a6aBax r B Mipa, ^ HoraMi> napo^naro Kyupa He KJIOHHTI rop^OH rojiOBH; BiSKHT^ OH^, AHKiH H CypOBMH, H SByKOBi H CMflT6HLa BOJIH'B, Ha 6epera nycTiiHHiJX'B BOJIH'B, Tojma xojro^Haa noaxa oKpymaeT'B H paBHOAymHua XBaJi6 eMy Ho paBHOflyiiiHO efl, H SByqHofl jinporo paaciaHHO Pushkin. B-B osyT^ OTn,a: ,,TjiTfl! TaTfl! nainn ciiTH IIpHTaiiiiHJiH MepxBeija". - BpHTe, Bp SaBOp'uui'B na HHXI> Oxi., yjKfc am MHi pe6aTa! saM't yme MepTBeu;x! Cl. HHMX a BB-BKTb H6 neiero! Ka(j)TaHi>: yatTb noiureTycB . . . JK^ MepTBeili'B? jjBoHi, TflTfl, 3-BOTi! BT. caMOMi. .o.iji'B npn piiKi F.fl.'B paSOCTJiaHfc MOKpHH HeBO.fl.'B, MepTBtifi BH^iiH^ Ha necKi. 248 Beso6pa3Ho Tpyni. riocHH'kii'B H secB pacnyxi. FopeMLiKa-jra HecnacTHHfi IIory6HjrB CBOH rpiniHHH Pll60Jl6B'B-JIH BSfl AJIH XMijILHHH MOJIO.Hei],^ AJB orpa6jieHHHft BopaMH ,u,tjio? noTonjieHHoe Bi BOAy sa Horn H OT^ 6epera KpyToro, OTTOJiKnyji'L ero BGCJIOM^ H MepTBefl,!. BHH3B JLOEJl&JLJ* CHOEa 3a MoriijioH H KpecTOMi. MepTBHH MeSKTb BOJIHaMH HJIHJIX, Ka^aacB npOBO,fliHB r B ero Hain-B MyjKHKT. nome'ji'B ,,BtJ, meHKH, sa MHOH B^eT^ Baat^ no ^a CMOTpHTG-JKT., H6 6oJITaHTe, A ne TO HOHB noro^a B'B ^LIMHOH xaxi J^TH CIIflTX, X03flHKa Ha najiaTflxi, Bypa BOBT-B; B,a,pyrB omB KTO-TO TaM^ B^ OKHO u 9ft, Bnycra, ,,Hy, Kana TH H01BK) sanec-B xe6a 249 BOSHTBca ami c% ,fl,6Ma TiCHO H T6MHO." H JTEHHBOK) pyKOK) OKHO. Jiyna nepe.n.'L HEMI: Bo,a;a OTKpfeB H Bee B'B EGMX CTparano pyKH BI pacnyxnyBmee BHHJIHCB. H MyHK r & OKHO FOCTH rojiaro TaKt H o6Mep^. j^ToCt TH IIpoinenTajii OHX, Grpakeo M^CJIH Tprfcca HOHB OHI nanpoJieTi, H #0 yxpa see CTynajiHCB. HO.ZI.'B OKHOM'B H y BOpO'fB. ECTB BI Hapo,3, r Ci TOM nop6 MyatHK'B Bi ^eHB ypoiHiifi rocTa Ya'b ci> yxpa noro^a HOHBK) 6ypa H yTonjieHH OKHOMTb H y BOpOTi. Pushkin. BTJ ,fl 1 Bep.}ix r B d^BMa aHFGJi'B H^HCHLIH FjiaBOH noHHKineK) cia, A ^eMOHl, MpaiHHH H Ha,a,'B a^CKofl 6e3, ^yxi) OTpHD,dHBJI, AJAJ> wui Ha ^yxa ^HCTaro B3Hpajn> H atap^ HeBpJiBHLiH yMH^ej BnepBue 250 ,,IIpocTH, OHI pens, Te6a a H TH HCAapoM-B MH^ cia\iTb: He see a BI Mipi He see a Bt Mip-fe Exegi monumentum. fl. naMaTBHK'B ce64 Kt HCMJ ne sapocieTi Hapo^Haa Tpona: BosHccca B6me ont rjiaBOK) HenoKopnofi AjreKcaH^pificKaro CTOJina. H-BTL! BCCB a ne yMpy! ^yina BT> saBiTHOH Mofi npaxt nepeatHB6Ti> H TJitnLa H cJiaBeni. 6y,aiy a, .HOKOJB B^ no.n.ji^flHOii'B Mipi ^KHBT, 6y,3ieT r B XOTL o^HHt niHTi,. Cjiyx^ 060 MHl> npofiAeT^B no seen Pycn H HasoBeTi Mena scaK't cym.ift B'B E&L H rop^HH BHyK^ cjiaB^H^ H $HHHI>, H HHH!J Tyeryci, H Apyrfc cienen KaJM^Kt. H ,u;ojiro 6y.a;y T^M-B jiK)6e3eH^ a napo^y, ^TO qyBCTBa ,a;66pH[a a jnipofi npo6yaj^aji'B, ^TO B'B MOH atecTOKifi B^KX BOBCJiaBHJii. a H MHJiocTt KI na,a;inHM^ npnsMBaji'B. BeJitHBR) BojKiro, o Mysa, 6yAB nocjiyniHa, 060 ^H ne CTpamacL, ne Tpe6ya B'BHii.a; H K^eseTy npieujiH H EC ocnapHBan rjiynn.! MOJIHTBa. MHHyTy rpycTi; 0;i,Hy Tsepaty a ECTB CHJia 6iaro,n,aTHaa B'B COSBy^BH CJIOBl H A^meTX nenonaTHaa CsaTaa np^JiecTB BI HHX'B. 251 OB flymH KaK^b 6pe*M H BipHTca H EL xaKt jierKo, JLQTJUO . . . Baxoacy ORWL a na flopory: CBBOSB TynaHx KpeMHiicTiifi nyTB 6jrecTHTi; HO^B Tiixa; nycTBiHa BH^MjieT^ Bory, H SB^a C'B CBis^OK) TOBOpHTTb. He6ecax^ TOpatecTBeHHO H seMJ-a B^ ciflHBH rojty6oMi . . . MHi TaKi 60JBHO H TaK'B iero? xajiiro JIH o HG a:^y OTI JKHSHH HHHero a, H ne atajiB MH^ nponuiaro HnqyTB, )I HIHJ CB066^,H H HOKOfl: 5 6Gb XOT'fcjI'B 3a66TBCfl H SaCH^TB . . . HO HC T-EMTE, XOJIO^HHM'B CHOMt MOrHJIH H 6i> acejiaji'B na-BtKH TaKi sacnyTB rpy,n;H .upoatajiH JKHSHH CHJTH, B3,u;tiMaJiacB THXO HT06I, Bcro HO^B, BBCB ^CHB nofi cjiyx-B IIpo jiroCoBB MHi cjia^Kin TOJIOCX nijii>, HaAO MHOH ^T06-B B-BHHO 36JieH r Ba, Te'MHHH .nydx CKJ[OHOca H inyMijii. Lermontov. C r B-TBX r B-nop r B KaKi BiiHHH Mnt flai^ BceBi^HBe npopOKa, Bi o^axi juo^eM qHTaro a CTpaHHIl.!! 3JI66H H HOpOKa. a ciaji'B JiK)6BH H HP^BAH ^HCTna yi^HBa: Bfc MGH^ set 6ji^atHie MOH BpociOH 6traeno 252 Roc&mjii> nemoMX a Hax ropo^OBTE. 6 r E3Kaji f B a HHTEUH H BOTfc BX nycTjiH-B a. atusy, HTHIJEI, flapOM^ 66atteH xpana, MH-B TBapB noKopea TaMi H SBis^H CJi^maJOT pa,3,ocTHo nrpaa. Kor^a ate qepes^ niyMHHH JI npo6ypaK)CB TOponjiiiBO, TaM-L CTapii;Ei ^fcaM' caMOJiH)6HBOH: ,CMOTpHTe: BOT-B OH-L ropA'B 611^^, ne yatHJica ex oTijrx ysipHTB naci, Bori, rjacHTi ero ,,CMOTpHie atB, Aira, na Hero, OHX yrprfmi, H xy.n'B, H aKx OHX nari H Kaicx npe3HpaK)TX sci ero!" Lermontov. Ho He6y noJiyno^H AHPCJIT. H raxyro nicHro OHX ntj H Mican,!), H SBis^H, H T^HH TOJIHOH ToS nicHH o 6^aateHCTB'B 6e3rpiniHHx r B Kym,aMH paficRHx'B ca.a.OB'B, 6 B6rt BCJIHKOM'B OHI> H^JIi H Ero HenpnTBOpna 6HJia. Mjia.a.y*) BX o6i)aTiaxi Mfpa ne^ajiH H cjieai,^ EL SByKi ero nicHH BI> .nyini MOJIOAOH Ocxajica desi. CJIOB-B HO JKHBOU. 253 H fldjrro Ha cB^Ti TOMHJiaCB OH&, JKejiameMfc Hy^HHMi nojraa, H 3ByKOBT> He6eCl> SaM^HHTL H6 MOIMH EH cKyiHHa nicHH SGMJIH. Lermontov. Mfli, T%k TH pocjia r^i TEI n,Bijia? KaKHX'B XDJIMOBX, KaKOH ROJIULEU TH yKpamemeM'B 6tuia? JIH BocTOKa jiyi'B Te6a HO^HOH JLVL B^TP^ Bt ropaxi Te6a MoJIHTBy JIB THXyro jin nicHH JIHCTH TBOH CUH6? H najiLMa Ta atHBa JIL no Bee TaKJKe JIB MaHHTi. BI> jiiTum SHOH Oea npoxoacaro B HJIH B^ pasji^Ki 6e30Tpa,ii;HOH, Oaa yBrfjia KaK r L H TH, H .nojiBHia npaxi jroacHxca Ha noatejiTiBinie JIHCT&? Ha6oatHofi pyKoio KTO B-B axoTi Kpaa Te6a Tpycmi^ OHi) qacTo Ha^i. To66ro? XpanHfflB TH cjikKb ropio l iHx r B HJIL, 66atBen paTH Jiy^min BOKHX, KaK'B TH Bcer^a ne6ec% JtK),I],BMH H 254 3a66Tofi TafinoK) xpaniiMa, Eepe^i HKOHOH BOJIOTOH CTOHIIIB TH B^ETBB EpycajiHMa lacoBOH. IIpo3paiHHH cyMpaifB, jyii. KHBOT'B H KpecTi, CHMBOJI'B CBHTOH Bee nojiHo Miipa H oTpa^a Te6a H Ha^ To66fi. Lermontov. pasi> no CHHBO HOJIK), na TOMX KOH:B; pas-B na JKHSHB H BOJTEO, na qyjK^yro MH-B no6jiHe MH:B Cx nojiycrHHBniero HapyCX CipIJH H KOCMaTHH OsnaKOMjieHBEJH c^ rposofi: ^ Tor^a nymyca BI> Mope Be33a66 r reH r B H O^HHI>; PasryjrarocL na npocTOpi H noTimycB na 6yfinoM'B Mopi Ci flHKOH npHXOTBD BHCOKlH H KpyroMi sejieHHH cafl'B, T^HH er6 fflHpOKOH ({jOHTaH'B, H6 MpaMOpHOM-B H MCHS B^ MeiTaHBax'B paa, i^JiBK) oponiaa, Lermontov, 255 THXO 66jio Bee na He6i H Ha senji, OKI BX MHHjTy yTpeHHefi MOJIHTBEI; TOJIBKO n npoxjia^Hmfi Bfeep'B C'B BOCTOO, rpHBy jroniaAeH, noKpHTyro iraeeM'B. MEI TponyjiHCB BX nyTL; ci> Tpy.a.OM'B naTB xy^HXi Kjrjjqi. TamHjrH nainn no- BOSKH no H3BH.1HCTOH ^.opori Ha TyrE-Fopy. 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IIpeBOCxo.a.HHH apxeojiori, OH^ noain- 16CKH BOCnpOH3BO,II,HJIl) CpeAHie B r Ka, CO BCefi HXI> 06- CTaHOBKOK). PoManH ero HM'BJIH rpOMa^nafi ycnixi, H nopo^HJiH TBMy noApajKaHifi. eny H BTE, Poccin. IlepBHH 6ujLi> nanncaHi. SarocKHHHM'B no^Tb K)pin MnjiocjiaBCKiH. ^HCTBie ero nponc- xo.a.HTi Bt 1612 ro^y, BI> 9noxy ocBo6o3K^eHia MOCKBBI OTI> nojiaKOB'B MHEHEHM-B H EojKapcKHM'B. PoMant Ha- DHCaH'B XOpODUHMI, flSHKOM^ H HOJIOHX KapTHHaMH pyCCKOH npocTonapo^Hofi JKHSHH. 9noxy 1612 ro^a SarocKHHi 3Hajrc TOJIBKO HSI, HCTOpin KapaMSHHa, HO ny6jHKa 6mra ne BsucKaTejiBHa H Taic^ He CHJIBHa BTb OTeieCTBeHHOH HCTOpiH, HTO fl&Wie CB'B.a.'BHia, H3-B KapaM3HHa, 6miH ,u;jra Hea ,H,OBOJIBHO HOBH. roBopimi H ^McTBOBajiH, KaKi pyc- CKie npocTOJiio^HHH B^ name Bpena; HO wra r rejiw, cospe- H3^,ama lOpia MnjiociaBCKaro, coBciM^ He B-B TaKia pasjiHqia, H ^o^po^y XIX B^Ka 3a COBpeMenHHKOBX MHHHHa- H xapaKTepi repoa ponana .HOBOJIBHO MHOPO CaHTHMeHTa-IBHOCTH, COBepfflCHHO HeCBOHCTBCHHOH pyCCKOMy 6oapHHy XVII BiKa; HO H 9TO He OTTajiKHBajio ny6jraKH, noTOMy TTO caHTHMBHTaJiBHoe HanpaBJieme, coo6in,eHHoe poMany KapaMSHHHM'B, em;e npoflOJUKa-iocB. Y^HEM xapaE- Tepx sanopoacija, npe^aHHaroMmiocJiaBCKOMy, saTpy^HHTeJiL- Hua nojioatenia, BX KOTOPHH nona^aexca STOT^ sanopoa:eu r &, H JIOBKOCTB, C'B KaKOK) OHt BHBepTHBaeTCH HS'B HHX'Bj npH^asaJiH poMany saHHMaTe^BHOCTB, a naTpioTHqecKia qyBCTBa, BT. HCM-B BEipaaceHHHa, ynpo^HJH ero ycnixi). BTOPOH poMan^ SarocKana, PocjiaBJieBi., Bonny 1812 H 1813 TO^OBI,. Ho repofi poMana BI> yme flBHJica coBepmeHHon MapioneTKOH, Aorajia ^,0 npHTOpHOCTH. IlaTpioTHSMfc H xoponiin cnacjiH poMan-B OT'B na^enia. JlerKOCTB npe^CTasjiaTB .n.peBHHX'B pyccKHxi B coBpeMeHHHxi, MyjKHKOB'B ^o TaKofi CTeneHH ysjieKJia 3a- rocKHHa, ^TO OH-B HanHcaji'B poManx HSI. BpeMenx Mipa CsaTaro jjAcKOJiB.noBa Mornjia". ,H,aa;e Kor,a;a BI Te^eHin 30 JTETT. pyccKaa HCTOpia H apxeojioria HHTejiBHHe ycnixn, -- e^Ba JIH KTO pimnjica nncaTB pyccKifi HCTOpn^ecKiH ponan-B BpeMenx TO& , HO y SarocKHHa ^ocxajio CM^JIOCTH. B'B STOM^ OH'B OnaTB BHBeJI'B ^OBOJIBHO y^a^HHH, OTiaCTH na 3anopoacu,a, xapaKTepi. ToponEH B'B j^paHCKHx^ ji^cax^" 3arocKHH r B BB^yMaj-B Hanmxx pacKOJiBHHKOB'i,. Hx^ ace nocToaHHO Ha cijeny BX csonxx posianaxx ^pyrofl nncaTejiB, MocajiB- cidfi. Ho HH SarocKHH'B HH MocajiBCKin He HsyqnjiH OCHO- pacKOJia, a orpaHHinjiHCL O,H;HOH ero BHiiueocTiK) . . . o6ni,ecTBeHHHH 6HTi ne pasBHjica ex KaKx BX Anrjiin. 9io CTpana cipornxx npaBOB-B, npHJinqifi H HO ,n,Jia jraqHocTCH CTpacTHLixx 6pHTancKoe o6m,ecTBO CT-BCHHTCJIBHO. Ilo BTOMy HMCHHO B'B AHFJliH aBHJICa B6- 9* 066 JIHKhl n03TT>, CTpeMHBmifiCfl H306pa3ITTL MOry^lH npOTGCT'B JIHHHOCTH npOTHBTa o6m,ecTBeHHHX r B ycjroBifi. Ero repon fleMOHH^eCKH B03BHUTaK)TCfl HaflX otflHeCTBOM'B H 6opK)TCH ci HEMI., H ecjin naflaiOTfc TO ci yjiLi6KOK> npespimfl na ycTaxi. CBOHMT> Be.iH'rieM'B OHH HGBOJIBHO JJ,ijiaK)TCa SaHHMaTGJILHHMH H B036y^,fl;aK)T r B FpOMa^euH ycnfex Bafipona 6HJIX npn^HHOK) MHoacecTBa noApaacaTCJiefi ; HO na^o HM^TB CHJIBHHH Ta- ,a,Jia TOFO, iTo6u nanncaTB 3aMiqaT6JiBHoe nponsBe- BI> ero po^i. ,3,jrfl co3^,aHiji 6afipoHOBCKaro repoa SHaqiiiejiBHo B03BLiniaTBCs Ha^i ypOBHeMi. o6m,e- CTBa, nna^e STOTI. repofi Cy^eTi, cM-BmnuMt. Jsa pyccKiixi nepBOKJiaccHHX'B noaxa 6ajiH no^paata- TGJIJIMH BaiipOHa, BT. CMHCJI* o6ni;aro .nyxa nponaBeAeHifi. HyniKHH'B B'B HaHajrE CBOCH ^HTepaTypnoH ,a, r BflTejii,HocTH, H JlepMOHTOEVB. CeprieBH^i, IlymKHHTE, po^HJiCfl Bt 1799 r., B'B IJapcKocejiBCKOM'B jiHue-B. Em,e BT, Haji'L jiyqfflHX'B Hamefi JiHTepaTypu KapaM3HHa H ajiaHTTb o6HapymnjiCH B'B neM^ eme HfB nanncajiTb MHOTO CTHxcTBOpeniu, Bt HHX'B JKyKOBCKOMy, BaTioiiJKOBy, ApiocTy, la(j)OHTeny, IlapHH. ^epacaBHHX, npncyTCTBya na JIH^ei^cKOM r B 3K3a- Men-B, saM'BTHj'B TajiaHTi IlymKHHa H npHBiiTCTBOBaji'L ero. 2KH3H& CBoro IlyfflKHBT, npoBejit B'B jry^nieMt o6m;ecTB'B. Hyiinie coBpeMGHHHe noaTu: jKyKOBCKifi, BapaTHHCKiii, KHASB BaseMCKiH H daponi ,HejiLBHr^ 6ujiu. ero B'B KOHirii CB06H atHSHH, OH1> ySHajII. FOTOJia H Ct HIIMTb. Tlo o6CTOflTeJII>CTBaMI> OH^ HOCiTHJ'L Beccapa6iro H KaBKast, H nosnaKOMiiJica CT& MiCTHOCTHMH H o6pa30Mt H3HBT. HeCiaCT cjinrnKOM^ pano OTHUJia ero y pyccKoii JiHTepaTypu, E% 1837r., na 38 r. ero aiHSHH. IlymKHHV e^Ba HCDOJIHHJIOCL 20 JI^T% Kant OH^ yaje 267 npio6pij['B orpoMnyro HSB^CTHOCTL CBoefi HOSMOH ,,PycjiaH r L H Jlro^MiTjia". BT> STO spena BI Haineft KPHTHK^ nponc- Ha3iiBaeMaa 6opB6a EJiaccunjiBMa CT pOMan- MeHCM^ HocJii^earo pasyMijracB nossia 2KyEOBCEaro H ero noflpaat aTejiefi ; oaccHKaMH ciHTajiH XepacKOBa, CyMapoKosa, HeTposa H npo^i. 3am,HTHHKii STHXTE, TaatejioB'tcHHX'L KJiaccHEOB'B co^jiH PycjiaHa H JIiojiiMHJiy sa ponaHTH^ecKoe npoH3Be,n;eHie, H oatecToqeHHo Ha nee Hanajra. BTO em,e 6o.iie co^McTBOBajio ea ycnixy, KOTOpufi nocToaHHo conpoac.naeTi npOH3Be,a;eHia, B0,s6yat- ^aromia oco6eHHyio apocTB no6'B3K r zi 1 eHHHx r & jiHTepaTypHexx napTifi. Ho Hamn nccs^oKJiaccHKH coBepuieHHo OIDH^JIHCL B-L PyoaHi H JIiOAMHJii: B-B Hen HiiTt HHHero aKOBH 6njiH npOH3Be,3ieHia BX OAHOH H.S^ ea oaBT, naxo^HTca y^a^naa napo^ia na JsiHa^aTB cnam,Hx r & A^BTQ, JKyEoncEaro. Oea noji,pa- acame Apiocxy, JIa(j)OHTeHy, IlapHH H Bor^aHOBHHy. Ycni- XOMI. CBOHMI, ona o6asaHa T'BM-B ate csoficTBaMi,, KaK'B H ,,Jl,ynieHBKa" Bor^anoBH^a. Ho pa3HH^a BI, TOMI,, *JTO PycjiaHi> H JIiOAMHJia Hanncana CTHXOM'B, KaKHM'B AO TOFO BpeiieHH He nncajH) HH OAHHI H3^ pyccKaxt no3TOBTb. OHI 3By^eHi>, CHJICHI., H m6oKi>. O^HKHOBCHHue CTHxa npe^niecTBOBaBinHX'B noaiOBi), H HeiipaBHJiBHaa pascTanosEa CJIOBTB ne nona^aroTca. Bnocji-BACTBin BpeMenn CTHXI EyniEHHa, JlepMOHTOBa, 3KyEOBCEaro B^ ero nocjii^Hnx't npoHSBe.a.eHijixt, H H:EEO- TOpHXIi .HpyrHXi nOSTOB'B OCTaBH.H. 3a C060K> CTEXX Pycjiana H Jlroo.piHJitj; HO ^,0 1820 ro,a;a, KO BPCMGHH noaBJieHia 9TOH H03MH He 6njio HH^ero no,ii;o6Haro BX pyccEofi JiHTepaTyp-B; EPOM-B Toro, yate BT> BTOH nepBOH HOSM-B IlymEHHa BH^HO CTpeM^eHie ET, A'SHCTBHTCJILHOCTH H Hapo,u,HOCTH. nocjiiAHee, BnpoqeM-B, BiipasHJiocB cjia6o- TOJILEO BX npojiori H nepBiix'L CTHxaxx HOBMH. B'B noc.i-B- sa PycjiaHonx H BJiiamro Baflpona. IIofl'B STHMB HanzcaHii HM-B: KaBKascKin ILi'EHHHK'B, BaxiHcapaHCKifi ,, H,tiraHe H EpaTBa pa36oimHKH. JlyimyK) KpHTHKy Ha KaBKascicaro ILi'EHHnKa IlyilJEHH'B, npOCMOTp'EB'B pyKOHHCB 3TOH H03MH HliCEOJIBKO JTBT'B HO BHXO.fl.'B CH ET> CBiiTT.. BOTI ^TO OH'L roBopHT^ o nefi: ,,BCC 9TO cjra6o, MOJIOAO, He HOJIHO, no MHO roe yraflaHo H BHpaateno Bipno. KaBKascitifi HJTBHHHK'L- Hey^a^HHiH OOHTX xapaKTepa, ex KOTOPHM^ a cJia.n.HJi'B; OH-B 6^1^ npiiHflTi jiyqnie scero, ^TO a. He HanacaJi'B, 6jraro^apa H-BKOTOPHMT. BJierHqecKHMi. H OHHCaTeJIBHHMl, CTHXaMi". ,3/BHCTBHTeJIBHO OHHCaHie KaB- KascKofi npnpo^H H npaBOB'B B'B HCMX npeBOCxo,n;HH. Co,nep- a;aHie O^CHB npocTO. PyccKifi nona^aeTca BI, HJI%>RI> ropii;aMi. Bi HCM^ npHHHMaeTi. yqacxie ^epKeuieHKa H HOTOM'B BJIEO- 6jaeTca BI nero. Ho OHT& roBopHTi en, HTO yate yTpaTHJii HEI.I'B CTpaCTH H CBliJKeCTB ^yBCTBa, H HC MOatCTI, JIK>6HTB ee TaKi., KaKt CTOHT^ ea jno6oBB. Ona ocBO^oat.n.aeT'B ero repofi IlyraKiraa sa^yMani no o6pa3ii;y repoeBi Bafipona, HO y nero em;e He^ociajio CHJH, cos^aTB o,n,Hy HSI Tix'B rpan^iosHEix'B jraqHocTen, 06HKHOB6HHO BCTpi^aiOTca Ei> nosMaxi 6pHTancKaro meHKa Toace CKonnpoBana ct repOHHB Bafipona, HO H,a;eaJiH3HpOBaHa, ITO coBepmeHHo HCB^pHa .niifi- CTBHT6JIBHOCTH ...... JlepMOHTOB'B po^Hjica BI MOCKB^ B'B 1814 ro^y, MHOFO BX Boil's CBoefi 6a6yniKH y KOiopofi socnHTEiBajica, Maiepn em,e B^ .U.'BTCTB'B; OHX He KoeqHji'B Kypca B'B MOCKOBCKOM-B yHHBepCHTeT'B, H DOTOMfc y^HJICfl Bl K)HKepCKoft inKOJi'B. CjiyatHjnE> B'B rycapaxt, noTOMi na KasKasi; CTHxoTBOpeme na cnepiB nyniKHHa ,n,ocTaBHJia JlepMOHTOBy JiHTepaTypHyK) HSB-BCTHOCTB. Ha KaBKasi, BX 1841 ro,n;y, OH^ 6n.?Tb y6HT^ na ^y9JiH, na 27 ro,n;y OTI po^y. Ilo3MLi JlepMOHTOBa: Xa.u.mH A6peKt, HsMaHJix Ben, M 6ojrEe HJIH Meeie, npOHHKeyTH nanpas- Bafipoea, oco6eHHO nocjrBAHaa WL HHXI. Fepoa 6pirraHCKaro noaTa, 6opacL ci ycjiOBiflMH o6m;ecTBa, XOTH necqacTHH, HO Heo6HKHOBeHnaa cnjia ji,yxa no^ji.epsKHBaeT'B Hxi> Bi nepaBHOH 6opL6i. Canaa MjHHTeJiLKaa Kasnt HX^ Bt TOM^, ^TO npH 3TOMI OHH Ty6aT r B BC'BX'B, KOFO JlK)6flTl) H K^M% jiK)6HMu. TaKi H Tauapa radHeTt OTX 270 Russian-English Vocabulary. , author ifr, hellish, infernal , actress [drian Alexan- ajrrapt, altar aHrejrL, angel AnojiJioHT>, Apollo ap$a, harp. 6a6ymKa, grandmother 6arpsHHH, purple-coloured 6apHH^, the master 6aTK>mKa, (little) father OesrpiniHBiH, sinless 6e3,n,Ha, abyss 6e33a6oTHHit, unconcerned, thoughtless 6e33KajiocTHEiH, pitiless 6e3M r pHHH, immense, enor- mous 6eso6jiaqHiiin, cloudless 6e3o6pa3Hun, ugly, unbe- coming 6e30Tpa^HLifi, inconsolable 6e3CHJiie, want of strength , ticket 6HpK)30BHH, sea-green, tur- quoise-coloured 6HTLCS v. r., to palpitate, throb 6jiaroroBinHHH, reverent, re- spectful [ous 6jraro,a;aTHHH, blessed, grace- 6jajKeHCTBO, beatitude, hap- piness djiecKi, splendour, lustre 6jrecTiTL, ceyTt, v. n., to shine, glitter 6.iH3KHin, relation, kinsman 6jni3Kin, near 6jioxa, flea 6j&fl t Ru&, pale BorB, God 603K6CTBO, divinity, deity 6ojKecTBeHHHH, divine Boadn, adj., God's, divine 6on, fight 66.ILHO, painfully 6ojn>uioH, great 6opo^a, beard 6opo,a,aTHi, bearded 6opB6a, struggle, strife 6paHHTL, to scold, to abuse O'paTeu.'B, dim. of 6paT r b 6pe^,HTF>, v. n., to rave, to talk nonsense 6peMfl, burden 6pOBB, eyebrow 6po ( a,HTB, 6pecTH, v. n., to ramble 6pocaTB, CHTB, v. a., to throw, fling 6pflH T iaTB, 6p,aqa,TB, v. a., to jingle, rattle 6yHHHii, turbulent, impetuous 6ypMHCTp r B, bailiff in a village 6ypa, storm 6nBajiHH, that happened, that befell poor to grow, appear white 6 < fccenoK r B, little devil 6imeHHLifi, mad, frantic. B. lie, inspiration >, suddenly i, everywhere BC3THCB, B03HTBCJI, tO bustle, make a stir HKIH, great :aBHH, stately tie, order, command >, v. a., to order, com- mand BepxiiTB, BepnyrB, v. a., to turn Bepnuiea, ridge, top, summit ejinn, gay, cheerful Becjo, oar B6T.ua, common white willow BSHpaTL, B033piTL, V. a., tO look upon, to consider B306paTBCfl, B3H6paTLCH, tO climb up, to ascent , look ie, seeing, apparition, vision BHHorpa,a; r L, grapes BKyci,, taste Bjiac'B, Blase BHCMJIK), V., BHHMaTb BHHMaTB, BH^TB, V. a., to attend, pay attention BHOBB, again , grandson , v. r., to take root B0,a,a, water waterfall , (n. m.), return ys^iiniB, v. a,, awaken, arouse B^BHraTB, rnyTB, v. a., to set up, reerect ), air , possible pasriTB, v. a., to reply, object BOspojK^eme, regeneration BOSCTaHOBJiaTB, BHTB, V. a., tO reestablish, restore BOH, n. m., howl , warrior 272 uoKp/ri, (prp.), around a, wave, billow , fleecy, woolly to fluctuate, vacillate , magical i, free BOJHI, freedom, liberty BopOTci, Bopoia, n. pi, gates, gate , to return , thief BocnHTame, education BOCTOKT., orient, East (sunrise) BOHTLca, v. r., to stick Bpai"B, enemy BpeMH, time BceB'B f a, i BHie, omniscience BCMaTpHBaiBca, v. r., to look into, observe BCIIOMHHTB, v. a., to recollect, call to mind BCTpeueHyTfcca, to shudder, shake one self BTOpomix'B, adv., in a hurry Biepa, yesterday [self , to exhaust one , to escape BRTHpaTB, BHTepeTB, V. a., tO wipe out BuyqHBaTt, BEiy^HTB, v.a., to teach, train > indeed, notoriously , century, age, life, eternity , crown, wreath , faithful, trusty ), wind , s. f., twig, branch , small twig or branch B-BHHO, eternally. r. renifi, genius recnept, Hesperus rn6KiH, flexible, supple a, head, chief , adj., chief , verb HTB, to speak, to express one self m, deep , depth, deep ), stupid fellow stupid, silly oyxofi, deaf, still , suitable, fit , proud ropo.a.'B, town H (n. m.), constable TOCTB, guest IOJIOCT&, voice roJiifi, naked rojiy66H (adj.), azure ropen^Ka, miserable crea- ture, poor wretch ropoflHiiqiu, prefect,borough- master iii, bitter 273 ropmifi (adj.), burning rocTHHHnn,a, hotel, inn roTOBBifi, ready rpaMMaTHKa, grammar rpaMOTifi, scholar rpa.n.'B, v. ropo.a.'B rpHBa, mane rpo6'B, coffin rposa, threat, menace, tem- pest, thunder-storm rpOT'B, two copecks, money rpy6ocTB, s. f., coarseness , s. f., breast, bosom rpycTB, s. f., melancholy, sadness rpjfeHHH, miry, dirty rpiTB, to warm ry6u, f. pi., lips , v. n., to sound , v. n., to walk, pro- menade rycTofl, thick, bushy X ,HaBH6, lorg ago ^ajieKifi, distant, fa'r ,n;aHB, tribute , to give ^apirrB, to make a present, grant , adv., in vain , s. f., door , movement court, palace , day , f. pi., money ., demon ,3;epeBHfl, village to hold , to marvel, to be surprised (adj.), wild , child IJIHHHHH, long ji,o6po r ii ) 'BTejiB, s. f., virtue ,3,06610, booty, prey ^OBOAHTBCa, B6CTHCB, V. I, tO happen ^.OBOJIBHO, adv., enough, suf- ficiently floroHHTB, naiB, v. a,, to over- take floropaTB, P^TB, v. a., to burr. out? , to reach , v. r., to wait for, expect , KOJIB, so long as dale, valley , s. f., part , interrogation, exa- mination way, path , KaTB, V. E., to gallop up to , sufficient , worthy (adj.), accessible 274 , of plank, boarded v. a., to tear, grate , to doze a, gravel oni, f. pi., a hearse , v. n., to tremble (adj.), oaken ,a,y6paBa, ,a;y6p6Ba, forest of oak thought , to think a, soul, heart (adv.), it is stifling, suffocating , fool, idiot spirit ie, breathing, breath, respiration uxaiB, v. n., to breathe maid, girl girl to do Q, matter, affair AiHCTBOBaTB, v. n., to act, have an influence riTCKifi, childish U.4TCTBO, childhood. 3K. greedy thirst ajajo6a, complaint , v. n., to be sorry for; v. a., Koro-xo, to re- gret glow, ardour, warmth atejianie, s. m., wish , iron , victim , adj., living, vivid TL, v. a., to vivify , s. f., life , vein acyKaTB, v. n., to buzz, to humi , journalist , KHyTB, v. n., to murmur. 3. sa6aBa, diversion [amuse 3a6aBjiaTB, BHTB, v. a., to 3a6aBHiifl, diverting, amusing satfBCHBe, oblivion sa6oTa, care, anxiety 3a6oTHTBca, v. r., to care, busy one self 3a6uBaTB, 6iiTB, v. a., to forget 3a6&TBca, to forget one self SaBO^HTBCfl, SaBCCTHCB, V. r., to set up saBopnaTB, v. n., to begin to grumble 3a rpannijy, abroad 3a,n,p03KaTB, v. n., to begin to tremble 275 pensve , sacred , law, covenant , saurpaTB, to be- gin to play , law , saKycHTt, v. a., to take a bite , room , v. n., to become silent M^HaTL, HHTB, V. a., to substitute, compensate , remarkable SaHOCHTB, H6CTH, V. a., tO carry away , smeared, dirty TB, to pay, reimburse, to patch implicate , late , TaiB,to entangle, rait, v. a., to frighten v. n., to begin to sob sacnyTB, v. n., to fall asleep , to begin to groan , neyTL, v. a., to clap to 3am,HTa, defence, protection 3am,HEi,aTBca, v. r., to defend one self , v. a., to ask, call , sound 3By?a,TB, v. n., to sound , star , healthy green , v. n., to turn green , land-surveyor 3eMjniD,a, small estate , compatriot 36MH6S, earthly, terrestrial 3JiHTBca, to rage, grow furious 3Ji66a, malice , v. a., to make (one) acquainted , acquainted SHOH, s. m., sultriness 30JIOTO, gold SOJIOTOH, golden , whizzing 3-BTB, s. m., to ripen (1 st p. 3HliH)). lisa, willow, willow-tree nrpaTB, v. a., to play Hrnama, dim of Ignatius H^,TH, XO^HTB, V. n., to gO, walk H3BHJIHCTLIH, sinuous, wind- ing [tremble H3,a,porHyTB, ^pornyTB, to HSMyqHBaTB, HHTB, v. a., to jade, tire out 276 rarely, seldom , pretty tolerable, decent HSCTynjienie, ecstasy, enthu- siasm HKona, an image H'MH, name HHOH, another (v. a.), to seek, search , exclusive , sncere ncnyri,, fright HCTpedJISTB, 6HTB, V. a., tO exterminate, abolish. lepycajiHM'B, Jerusalem Jordan. K. , to appear Cain , a small loaf with a handle , Kalmuck , stone KanajiBCTBo, knavish trick KapeTa, carriage , pocket , picture i, KocnyTBCfl, to come in contact , to slide, ride 'B, coat ca, to balance, swing, waver police-station , BHyTB, v. n., to nod, beckon ,, brick , v. a., to lay, put a, calumny, slander jade (sorry horse) Kojieco, wheel KOJIHXaTB, XHyTB, V. a., tO rock, swing Ko.oejKecKiH, collegiate, of a college KOHB, s. m., horse, courser Kopa, bark, rind Kopona, crown Kopmymb, kite, vulture , shaggy jamb, post (of a door or window) s. m., country, shore Kpaxa, s. f., once; carat KpacoTa, beauty stony KpecTi, cross KpecTB^HHH'B, peasant KPOBB, s. f., blood KpoBaBufi, bloody Kpyri, round, circle ie, whirling , v. r., to be giddy KpinocTHHfi, of a fortress , idol , couplet, verse KPVTOH (adj.), steep Kyiep-B, coachman Kynja, hut, cot. JL (adj.), azure image, lamp v. a., to caress in, light, easy , to indulge, to fondle, cherish, pet , to fly, to fleet , Lebanon aTB, v. n., to rejoice, exult jinpa, lyre leaf usurer , dissembling jran,6, face JIOKOTB (s. m.), elbow jionaTB, HyTB, v. n., to burst, crack , tray ray HHa, splint, match , to climb, clamber , lazy, idle H, adj., summer JTBCHOH (adj.), forest jiic-B, wood jiK)6e'3HLifi, lovely jno6oBB, s. f., love jH)6on6THHfi, curious , m. pi., men, people , human M. , chickenhearted , youth, minority i, little, small little one, infant manner, way , mathematician , mother a, mist, fog , sudden , slow Me^y, between, among MepTBen.'B, corpse MCCTB, s. f., revenge fancying vision, fancy MHJIOCTHBEIH, gracious MHJIOCTB, kindness MHJiBifi, lovely MHpno, peacefully (adj.), past , minute peace , peace-making world infant, baby MHoro, much , wet, moist report 278 ie, prayer, suppli- cation Mojieuie, supplication prayer youDg , youth , silent MOJiiame, silence Mope, sea MO IB (v. a.), can MpaMOpHHH (adj.), marble M] aiHHfi, dark, sombre , peasant, boor muse Myxa, fly MnaTBca, to hurry away, whirl MIICJIB, s. f., thought, idea , muscle , chalk , moon, month (v. a.), to disturb , seditious, rebel- lious. H. Ha6ojKHHH, devout, pious HaBOJJHTB, B6CTH (v. a.), tO lead or bring on HaBiinHBaTB, maTB (v. a.), to ' hang on HaBjfsEJBaTBca, to obtrude nar ofi, nar'B, naked , it is wanted (adv.), by rote, by heart at the end HI;HTB (v. a.), to wrinkle, to knit Hanajjeme, attack , -caTB, to write , -HHTB (v. a.), tO fill , for instance HapncosaTB (v. a.), to draw napOAHtifi, popular, public napymaTB, -HTHTB (v. a.), to infringe, disturb , succession , to insist , of subsistance HaTama, dim. of HaTajrin, Natalia nayKa, science, barning nayqaTBca (v. r.), to learn ne6ecHHH, heavenly ne6o, heaven, sky , fishing-net in, late, recent , immovable slow of ap- preciation jiyr^, sickness , week (adv.), one cannot HeHaBH,iii'BTB (v. a.), to hate, detest nenacTBe, bad weather nenactiTHBiH, insatiated HeHHJia, Norn, propr. 279 Heo6HKHOBeeHEi5, uncommon HenoHaTHHii, inconceivable HenOROpHHH, V. nOKOpHHM, unsubmissive H, HOCHTB (v. a.), to carry cornfield HHTTOJKHHH, vain, vile HHm,iH, poor, beggar HOBHH, new Hora, foot nocTb, nose HOIB, night , moral , m. pi., manners HV (interj.), well, come! , want, need = HUfffc, to-:lay, now a German. O. o6,naBaTL, #aTB, v. a., to cover o6H,n,a, offence, wrong 66jiaKo, cloud o6MaHMBaTB, HyTt, to cheat. deceive o6MHpa/TB, MepeTB, v. n., to faint o6Mf J H r &, barter o6HHMaTB, o6HHTB, to clasp, embrace o6oataTB, v. a., to adore, to worship o6pi3HBaTB, saTB, to cut off , o6oflTHCB, qero, to do without' o6m,iH, common o6'BaTBa,n.pl., embraces, arms v. n., to dine to look round one orpa6nTB, to rob , dress in, KOBMH, same, equal o,a,HaKO, but, however 03HpaTB, to look round oKpyacaTB, -JKHTB, v. a., to surround [darken OMpaia/TB, -^HTB, v. a., to , dumb, numb to weep, bewail, deplore opo6 r kra&, adj., timid oporaaTB, OPOCHTB, v. a., to sprinkle ocjiwinaTBca, to mishear oco6eHHO, specially ocxaBaTBca, -TaTBc^a, v. r., to remain v. a., to stop, to arrest OCTETLCH, to remain OTBOp^TB, HTB, V. a., to , answer, reply OT,n;oxHyTB, v. n., to repose rest father [uncover OTKpHBaTB, -KpHTB, to Open, 280 , excellent , to become weak , oinliTB, v. a., to sing out, chant a requiem OTpa,u;a, comforts, consolation OTpHijame, negation OTpiSHBaTL, 3aTB, V. a., tO cut away OTTajiKHBaxB, to push away OTiaraTB, v. a., to gain by a lawsuit oxyiHTBCfl, to leave off learn- ing OTiarfeie, despair oiapoBam'e, enchantment OHKH, n. pi., spectacles omymeme, feeling, sensation. n. na^nie, falling , Palestine palm-tree ., monument s. f., recollection , little lad napyci., sail ashes , to be removed nepejKHTB, to outlive nepe^HTB, to thwart, contra- dict nepjia, nepjio, pearl necoKi,, sand, grit neiajiB, s. f., affliction , interj., take sporting nnpi, feast , food nieca, piece nHTT> = v. n., to weep, cry ., the cry, weeping IUOXOH, adj., bad in, knavish rogne, knave , v. r., to be taken, charmed noB03Ka, carriage noBTOpaTB, PHTB, v. a., to repeat noBt,n,aTB, v. a., to announce, tell , weather v. n., to wait a little noroHJiTB, nornaTB, v. n., to drive on norpyiKaTB, rpysHTB, v. a., to immerse noryoHTB, 6jr^TB, v. a., to ruin, destroy , subterranean , original , adj., sublunar , like, similar substitute of a sentry [yellow , v. n., to grow , to go away noKa, so long as, until, while 281 , to appear , meanwhile, in the meantime noKJioH'B, curtsy, bow IIOKOH, rest, repose noKOJia^HBaTB, HOKOJIOTHTB, to knock a little noKopHLifi, obedient noicpHBajio, cover, veil nojra, lap, hem, skirt nojie, field IIOJIHOIB, midnight HOJIHHH, full nojiK)6HTB, v. a., to fall in love with , v. a., to understand , to steal away , BHTB, to correct, improve nopa, time, season nopajKaTB, pasHTB, v. a., to strike nopOK-B, fault, vice nopTHTB, to spoil, mar HOCHHHTB, to blue a little , obedient CTaBHTB, v. a., to set, put, set up nocTofi, interj., stop, wait nocunaTB, ctinaTB, v. a., to strew, sprinkle nocimaTB, HOC-BTHTB, v. a., to visit , loss , ceiling noTOMy ^TO, because noTOponHTB, to hurry noTimHTBca, to sport, enjoy, amuse one self nO^HHHBaTB, HHTB, V. a., to mend, repair no^THTejiBHHH, respectful nomjiocTB, triviality no'fe^aTB, noiciB, to eat a little no93m, poesy, poetry , truth npax'B, dust , former npesnpaTB, -spiiB, v. a., to despise, scorn, disdain , beautiful npejiecTB, s. f., charm e, charm , to approach HpHBiTCTBOBaTB, V. a., tO welcome, greet, , both hands full , adjective npnjiaraTB, npHEJia^BiBaTB, v. a., to add, to affix npHJiHBa*TB, JIHTB, to pour out , laid to, put to , to adhere to ., example to stoop , nacTB, v. n., to fall down npapo^a, nature 282 fancy , s. f., caprice, whim, , fantastical /TB, -ptci'B, v. a., to acquire nprE3JKaTB, nprixaTB, v. n., to come npo6npaTBca, -6pa,TBC,a, v. r , to make one's way through npo6yjK,naTB, ^VAHTB, v. a., to awaken TB, -rjiacHTL,v.a., to proclaim npo,npcaTBCfl, v. pass., to be torn npOKJIHHaTB, KJIHCTB, V. a., tO curse, damn npooaTie, curse, damnation npoaeTB, s. m., flight npoJiexaTB, to fly past npOMOJIBlUBaTB, MOJIBHTB, v. a., to put in a word, to utter npona,a,aTB, nacTB, v. n., to be lost nponycEaTB, nycTHTB, to let through, to pass npopoK'B, prophet npocB'fcTJi'ETB, to become se- rene, to clear up apocBin^eHie, education npocHTB, v. a., to ask npocHyxBCfl, to awake npocTOH, plain, simple, ordi- nary npocTop'B, room, space npoTHBHufi, contrary, repug- nant , cool npoxoaiin, passer by npou.B'BTaTB, u,BicTH,'v. n., to blosson nponienxaTB, to whisper npoiiMBiH, adj., past nponi,aTB, npocTHTB, v. a., to forgive, to excuse npoisataTB, ixaTB, to tra- verse, drive through npotoKaronuH, passing through npannKi,, gingerbread 11x1111,3, bird nytfjiHKa, the public nyHKTi, point , nycTHTB, to let, allow nycraTBCH, v. r., to set off, to start nyTemecTBOBaTB, to travel nycTtrnfl, wilderness, desert nyiHHa, abyss, gulf v. n., to burn, glow HIJJIB, s. f., dust nime, singing niiCHonime, chanting D-TB, v. a., to sing, chant on foot song ,, a five copeck piece in copper 283 paBHHHa, plain 'Ae, balance i, indifferent F, equal, like [, joyful joy [vestigate ' pa36npa,TB, pa3o6pa/rB, to in- enie, depravity i, except, unless >, A'BTB, v. a., to distinguish, to examine i3ry.MTBCfl, v. r., to walk off, (to rouse one's self) i, parting, separation TB, v. a., to distinguish, discern L3MHIUJiaTB, MHCJHTB, V. a., to reflect upon >, -sopBaTB, v. a., to rend asunder, tear to pieces relater , -socTJiaTB, v. a,, to spread acyjKAaTB, -cy^HTB, to con- sider, judge absentminded , reason iH, of paradise pan, paradise paK^, cancer pacnpocTpamiTB, -HHTB, v. a., to spread, diffuse pacnyTHBaTB, -nyxaTB, v. a. to disentangle pacnyxnyTB, v. n., to be much swollen pacxeeie, vegetation, plant pacTOJiKOBaiB, v. a., to explain paTB, s. f., army (war) , a registrar , mechanic, ar- tisan H, timid , birthplace PO.HHMLIH, kinsman, father , coarse , m. pi., parents , to be born pocKomB, s. f., luxury POCTH, v. n., to grow , sleeve , produced by hand pyccmfi, Russian ., fisher p'Bvi,Kifi, rare Bca, v. r., to sport, play , speech. C. , garden caMOJiK)6HBtiH, self-loving canor'B, boot c6nBaTBC^, to deviate c6tiTBCfl, to happen 284 , wedding CBepKaTB, CBepKHyTB, to flash, glimmer CBHHBjf, pig, swine CBo66,n;a, freedom CBOfl-B, vault CBOHCTBO, essence CBtaiiH, clear, bright, lu- minous CBfcB, world CBSTOH, adj., holy, sacred CBHTHHJI, holiness, sanctity CBfliu,eHHBiH, sanctified CrHHBaTB, CFHHTB, V. n., to rot, putrefy cepflHTHH, angry cep,o;D,e, heart cep,n,o66jiBHLifl, tender cepiosHHfi, serious , behind v. n., to sit CHJBHHH, strong strength , symbol CHHIH, blue cmme, light, lustre, shining , to say, tell , s. f., bench , CKO^HTB, to leap, skip CKa'raTBCtf, to roll up CKB03B, through cKjioHHTBca, to swerve cKopo, soon , creak , wearisome, tedious cjia6BiH, weak , a Slave J, famous , sweet cjiesa, s. f., tear cjiHBaTB, CJIHTB, to cast, blend CJIOBO, word , servant-maid report CJTE.H'B, trace CMHpaxB, -pHTB,fv. a., to tame, subdue [able CMora/rB, CMOHB, v. a., to be CMoxpiTB, CMaxpHBaTB, v. a., to look , confused , laughter ie, riot, confusion CHOBa, adj., anew, again CH-fcrB, snow co6panie, collection, meeting coBepmeHHHH, complete coBepinencTBo, perfection cosByiie, consonance C03BIBaTB, C03BaTB, V. a., tO call together, converse coji^a/FB, soldier COJIHTB, to salt coMnime, doubt COH^, sleep coci^CTBO, neighbourhood coct,a, r B, neighbour coxpanaTB, HHTB, v. a., to keep, save, preserve 286 , author [self cnacaTBca, v.r., to save one cnaTB, to sleep cnjieTaTB, cmiecTB, v. a., to plait together, intertwine cnoKoimo, calm cnopHTB, to dispute cnopi,, contest, dispute cnpaBe^iHBocTB, justice, equity, righteousness cniniHTB, v. n., to hasten cp 6,3,11, in the middle, amid , centre , old man itf, old fashioned old man CTapnHa, old times cxapocTB, s. f., old age CTapiiH, old CTapyniKa, old woman [sert CTCDB, s.f., steppe, heath, de- CTHXT*, verse (cTHniKa) CTO.i6x, cTOjiiii, pillar CTOHS, groan, sigh CTopnija, the centuple CTOpona, side, part CTOSTB, v. n., to stand CTpa,u;aHie, suffering CTpaHHii,a, page CTpaHHHH, strange, odd cxpaxi., fear CTporift, severe , to stream, ripple stream, wave (streak) ifi, an attorney to knock against , shame, disgrace , s. m., judge cyeTHBifl, vain, futile cyiHTB, to offer, to promise dusk, twilight , husband , coarse, harsh cyxapB, dried bread cymecTBHTejiBHLiH, adj., sub- stantive CXOAHTB, COHTH, to descend cn,eHa, scene ciacTBe, -ie, happiness CHHOKi = CBIHi , son on, adj., grey v. n., to sit down CBTH, f. pi., nets frock-coat T. , adj., secret TBapB, s. f., creature TBepAHTB, v. a., to rehearse, confirm TeaTp'B, theatre TeMHHii,a, dungeon TCMHLIH, dark TCMH^TB, to grow dark , warm THxin, still, quiet, soft Tjrime, corruptibility 286 1 , crowd TOMHTB, to weary TOMHTBCH, v. r., to languish, pine TOHKifi, thin, fine Topraini), dealer, jobber TopJKecTBeHDHH, adj., solemn ToponjiHBBifi, hasty TOCK&, anguish TOCKOBaTB, KaTB, V. D., to grieve TOIHTB,- v. a., to whet, grind, sharpen Tpasa, grass, herb , tavern v. a., to alarm, disturb TporaTB. TpoeyTBCfl, to budge, to move Tpona, a path Tpy^HHH, difficult TPV;VB, trouble, difficulty TpyirB, corpse to shiver Tynans, fog, mist Tynryc-L, a Tungouse ryia, cloud, storm , body , s. f., shade T^CHHTBOT, tO Crowd TicHtifj, narrow, close TopeMHiifi, adj., prison , adj., heavily. y. y6tjKaTB, y6traTB, v. n., to escape VBH^HTB, to perceive , alas , PHTB, v.-a., to per- suade a^aTB, yBjiHyTB, v. n., to wither oBapHBaTB, yroBopiiTB, to persuade oaj^aTB, -ro^HTB, v. n., to please , surly, morose , to retire r, convenient , solitary , to live long at a person's house yseasaTB, -snaTB, v. a., to recognise, know yKpa,pjBaTB,yKpacTB,to steal, v. a. yKpainenie, adornment yjraii,a, street yjr66Ka, smile ysiepeiB, to die ie, affecting, emotion KaTB, KnyTB, v. n., to be- come silent, to cease ynonaeie, hope [tor ynpaBHrejifc, steward, direc- ypojKait, crop, harvest , fixed, periodical 287 ycjiosie, condition [appease ycnoKOHBaTB, ycnoKOHTB, to ycTa, n. pi., mouth , tired, wearied , som- niferous nuTB, v. a., to lull ec'B, crag, cliff , drowned man , matutinal yrpo, morning yrEniaTB, -IIIHTB, to console one self ^xo, ear yieHie, teaching yraTejiB, teacher ym,ejiie, cleft, cave y-EBJKaTB, yixaTB, v. n., to ride away, drive awayj $a6pHKa, manufactory, fac- tory, mill (|)aji^;a, fold, plait aHTa3iff, imagination, fancy , Finn , a phial r B philosopher, pianoforte, piece, niTj pike, pit, to place, put, noca,n ( HTB, no- MicTHTB plant, pacxeeie plate, TapejiKa to play out, pasiirpa/TL plaything, nrpyniKa to point, poison Poltava, pond, pope, nana Portuguese, nopTyrajien;'L position, pot, power, might, Moryni,ecTBO to praise, xeajiHTL, v. a. predecessor, HHK'B to prefer, in preference , npeHMym,e- CTB6HHO the present, no^apoK-L to present with, no,a,apiiTL pretext, to prick, priest, CBfliD,eHHHKi prisoner privation, jrnnieeie probably, to produce, progress, ycnta. promise, otfimjaHie property, HMym,ecTBO > proposal, npejpojKeHie to propose, protection, proud, r Providence, Boatia province, npOBHHU,ia to punish, put to death, HHTB punishment (capital), cnepT- pure, chaste, a. question, quick, CKOpufl B. rampart, ravisher, to reach, ,n;ocTHraTB to read (through), npowrai'B to reap, maTB to receive, nojiyiHTB to hold a reception, npuHH- MaTB to recommend oneself, pe- 297 to refuse, to reign, u,apCTBOBaTL to rejoice, pa^OBaTBca reluctant, HepinraTeji&HHH to rely, no-naraTBca to remain, ocTaTBca to remember, IIOMHHTB to remind, HanoMHHaTi, renowned, HSB'BCTHHH to repair, nonpasjiaTB to repeat, reply, to reproach, ynpeKnyTB to resemble, HOXOAHTB Ha to resound, Rhine, Pef Rhine-wine, to ride on horseback, ixaTB BCpXOM'B rifle, carabine, to ripen, rising, BOCXO.H.'B at all risks, rock, CKajia to rock, swing, to roll, to roll up, tO rot, THHTB roof, KpOBJia to grow rosy, round about, KpyroM-B ruin, pasBaJiHHa ruler, npaBHieJiB rumour, rofiopi to run after, nornaTBca 3a to run at full speed, BO secB onopi. to rush upon, 6pocHTBca. S. satellite, cnyTHHKi to save, cnacra scarcely, e.pa scarf, niaptjj'B scholar, yqeniig sculpture, carving, p'B3B6a to search, secret, to seem, to seize, to sell, npo,u;aBaTB setting, saxosK^eme to shake (one's head), HyTB (rOJIOBOfl) Shallow, to shave, 6pHTB shepherd, to shine, CB^THTB shirt, py6auiKa shiver, chill, to shout, to shun, to sigh, B3ji;HxaTL to keep silence, silent, silly, silvern, similar, no;i,66HHH to sing, life. 298 singing, irferie to sit or stay, sitting, session, size, greatness, Bejraiiraa skittle, KeiMa sledge, cana sleep, COHI, to sleep, cnaTB soap, MHJIO social, o6iu,ecTBeHHH5 society, 66m;ecTBo soda-water, sole (of a shoe) song, nicHH as soon as, KaKt TOJIBKO to be sorry, coatajiiTt sound, ssyKTb sour, KHCJIEIH SOUrCe, HCTOqHHE'B to sow, sac-BBaTB to sparkle, CBepKeyTL spark, HCKpa speech, p-fe^L splendid, Be.3HKOJiinHHH spring, OCCHL starling, CKBOpeii.x stately, majestic, CTBeHHHn steel, strange, street, yJIH^a strength, cnjia to strike, nopaataTL, -SHTL to strike (of a clock), npo- 6HTL Strong, to study, 3aHHMaTLca,yHiiTBCfl stupid, rjiynnfi to succeed, to be successful success, sudden, supper, to take supper, to supply, CHa6acaTB to suppress, surface, nosepxHocTB surname, nposBaeie to surpass, Swedish, T. table-spoon, tailor, nopTHon to take away, OTHSTB, OTO- 6paTB talent, tame, tavern, cookshop, xapqesna tender, H^JKHEIH that is the main point, BT TOMi TO H thick (very) wood, threat, yrposa to threaten, norposiiTB to throw down, to plunge noBepraTB tiled, HepeiiiiqHHH till now, ,11,0 CHXI nop% 299 timid, timidity, 3acr&H t iHBOCT& title page, sarjiaBie tourist, TypncTt train, nois^t tray, teaboard, to bring up for trial, trick, nrryKa troubling, to trust, to hope, to try, endeavour, Tuesday, to turn back, to turn out ; TL under, no^i to understand, universal, untrue, unusual, Heo6uKHOBeHHHM unwell, upwards, useful, V. valuable, n, r BHHHn various, vexation, to be vexed at, victory, visible, W. wall, ware, to water, opouiaTL, opocHTB, v. a. way, manner, HVTB, 66pas t B wedding, week, whisper, nionoT'B to whisper, Whit Monday, ,HyxoBB why, no^eny to wind up (a clock), winged, Kpiu&THfi wintercorn, OSHMHH wonderful, Hy^ecHUH wood, JI-BCT, wooden, ,n,epeBiiHHHH work, pa6oTa workmanship, HCKyccTBO worship, noooseme. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 2 LD 21-100m-ll,'49(B7146sl6)476 YB 60319 /' -. U.C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES 344708 OF CAUFQBHIA LIBRARY