v*- 
 

 SADDLEANnSIRLOIN; 
 
 OR, 
 
 ENGLISH FARM AND SPORTING 
 WORTHIES. 
 
 BY 
 
 THE DRUID, 
 
 AUTHOR OF "SCOTT AND SEBRIGHT," " SILK AND SCARLET, 
 "POST AND PADDOCK." 
 
 WITH ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL. 
 NEW EDITION. 
 
 LONDON : 
 VINTON AND CO., LIMITED, 
 
 9, NEW BRIDGE STREET, LUDGATE CIRCUS, E.G. 
 
iv Preface. 
 
 slight pleasure now that I can have no more " quiet 
 evenings," listening to and noting down their ex- 
 periences. 
 
 In compiling this book I have endeavoured to 
 relieve the general reader by throwing mere matters 
 of flock and herd detail into the notes. I could do 
 no more than touch on what appear to be leading 
 points in a county, and as these matters are appreci- 
 ated differently by different minds, I shall no doubt 
 be found guilty of many dreadful acts of omission. 
 It is, however, a comfort to think that one enthusiastic 
 purveyor, who painted " Saddle and Sirloin" over 
 his sign as soon as the title was announced, and has 
 amused himself ever since by listening to the com- 
 ments of the passers-by, is bound to stand by me 
 and my selection for better for worse ; and I trust 
 that those who have not committed themselves after 
 this fashion may not find much to condemn. 
 
 H. H. DIXON. 
 
PREFACE TO NEW EDITION. 
 
 THE copyright of the " Druid Sporting 
 Library " having been acquired by .the present 
 publishers, the question of revision was duly con- 
 sidered. Any idea of materially interfering with 
 the text was abandoned, and it was determined to 
 introduce as few changes as possible, but to care- 
 fully revise the work, correcting little inaccuracies 
 that had escaped the notice of the author. Instead 
 of altering the framework of the four books consti- 
 tuting the library, it was decided to add a fifth to 
 the number, and the publishers have been fortunate 
 in obtaining the co-operation of the Honourable 
 Francis Lawley, who has carried out the congenial 
 task of writing the " Life and Times of ' The 
 Druid,' " which will now form a companion volume 
 to the series, adding to their completeness in a 
 more satisfactory manner than could have been 
 accomplished in any other way. The titles of the 
 volumes of the " Druid Sporting Library " are as 
 follows : 
 
 THE POST AND THE PADDOCK. 
 
 SILK AND SCARLET. 
 
 SCOTT AND SEBRIGHT. 
 
 SADDLE AND SIRLOIN. 
 
 LIFE AND TIMES OF " THE DRUID." 
 
 February, 1895. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Over the Border Professor Dick Mr. Hall Maxwell Mr. Ivie 
 Campbell John Benzies, the Herdsman John White, the 
 Gamekeeper The Master of the Teviotdale The Earl of 
 Glasgow I 32 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The late Sir James Graham, his farming tastes Recollections 
 of Carlisle Meeting the Judges Old Posting Times Loyal 
 Tom King Jack Ainslie and his Gretna-green tactics 
 
 3246 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Mail and Coach Days Shap Fells Drivers, Regular and 
 Amateur Guards Horses Carlisle Races ; the late Mr. 
 Daley The Wrestling Ring Cumberland Wrestling Cham- 
 pions 47 78 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Whitehall Killhow Sale of Shorthorns Scaleby Castle The 
 Western Plain of Cumberland Mr. Watson's and the late 
 Mr. Brown's Pigs Mr. Curwen's Agricultural Gathering at 
 the Schooze Farm Champion Bulls The late Captain 
 Spencer's Greyhounds 79 93 
 
viii Contents. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Shropshire Sheep Lord Berwick's Herefords Sir Bellingham 
 Graham Coursing at Sundorne Mr. Corbet Old Bob 
 Luther 434 451 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Clayton and Shuttleworth's Works at Lincoln Lincoln Flocks 
 Tom Brooks and John Thompson Ayiesby Manor Tux- 
 ford and Sons' Works at Boston 452 471 
 
SADDLE AND SIRLOIN; 
 
 OR, 
 
 ENGLISH COUNTRY LIFE. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 " At Doncaster, at York, and Leeds, 
 And merry Carlisle had he been ; 
 And all along the lowlands fair, 
 All through the bonny shire of Ayr ; 
 And far as Aberdeen. 
 
 " And he had seen Caernarvon's towers, 
 And well he knew the spire of Sarum, 
 And he had been where Lincoln's bell 
 Flings o'er the fen that ponderous knell 
 His far renowned alarum 1" 
 
 Wordsworth. 
 
 Over the Border Professor Dick Mr. Hall Maxwell Mr. Ivie Camp- 
 bell John Benzies, the Herdsman John White, the Gamekeeper 
 The Master of the Teviotdale The Earl of Glasgow. 
 
 TOLLMAN OF GLYNDE loved a day with his 
 LJ lemon-and-white beagles. If a hare beat him 
 at nightfall he would mark with a stick the spot 
 where they last spoke to her, and return there first 
 thing next morning. How he dealt with " the situ- 
 ation" in the early dews we know not. This we do 
 know, that when another summer found us in cannie 
 Cumberland, to take up our " field and fern" tale for 
 England, our first impulse was to cast back over the 
 Border. 
 
 B 
 
2 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Some good friends live only in memory. Professor 
 Dick, " the old white lion," as his pupils called him, 
 sleeps in Glasnevin cemetery. We always found him 
 as kind as he was quaint. Ask him what we might about 
 Clydesdales or anything else, and he never grudged 
 us oil from his cruise. Write to him, and five or six 
 words were our portion in reply. He liked to be paid 
 off in his own coin ; hence our joint correspondence 
 about his photograph comprised some thirteen words 
 on four square inches of note paper. You saw the 
 man best when he was trying a roarer on " Dick's 
 Constitution Hill," or when he admitted you by the 
 side-door on to the stage of his theatre, and placed 
 you in shadow during a lecture. He would then grasp 
 the thigh-bone of a horse, or whatever else he was 
 about to illustrate, and speak in the same tone, with- 
 out check or cadence for an hour. If he did pause, 
 it was only to rebuke with a stony British stare 
 some foolish " interruption and laughter." We are 
 told that he rather prided himself on quelling such 
 offenders by the una : ded power of his eye. 
 
 He was in truth, a fine, rugged, old fellow, with 
 
 "A skin of copper, - 
 Quite professional and proper," 
 
 a rambling, half-corpulent figure, shaggy white 
 tresses, and thoughts full of marrow. He had a 
 large stock of spare activities, whereon to use them ; 
 as public matters, both political and civic, had always 
 a great charm for him. A more sturdy Liberal never 
 drew breath, and in 1852 his friends thought of 
 putting him up for Edinburgh. He never entered 
 very heartily into the idea, but it suited his humour 
 to put out an elaborate and searching analysis of the 
 great questions, which " must be considered settled," 
 and those which belonged to the future. Among the 
 latter he gave special prominence to the Irish Church 
 and a Second Reform Bill. He never married, and 
 
Mr. Hall Maxwell. 3 
 
 he left the whole of his money, subject to the life- 
 interest of Miss Dick, who had been to him a sister 
 indeed, to endow the Veterinary College, where he 
 had lived and laboured for two-and-forty years. 
 
 Edinburgh seems still stranger to us without Mr. 
 Hall Maxwell, of Dargavel, and those pleasant half- 
 hour chats at Albyn Place, where he was quite the 
 moving spirit and Secretary of the Highland 
 Society. His object, as he once said to us, was " to 
 hold Scotland in one great Society's network, and 
 never let a mesh be out of order." In this he was 
 most ably backed up by his confidential clerk, Mr. 
 Duncan, and they both seemed to have the power of 
 laying their finger in an instant on the most minute 
 spring of the vast system they had reared. None 
 were kinder and more ready to assist us on every 
 point within their range. No matter how intricate 
 the search for it might seem in prospective, Mr. 
 Maxwell would ring his bell : " Mr. Duncan, would 
 you please find me, &c. ?" and in five or six minutes 
 his fidus Achates would return with all the particu- 
 lars tabulated, as if by magic. 
 
 In 1846 Mr. Maxwell succeeded Sir Charles 
 Gordon, who died at his post, and he held office 
 until the gih of May, 1866. His first meeting was 
 at Inverness, in 1846; and there, nineteen years 
 after, he made his farewell speech. He was pressed 
 not to resign ; but Glasgow, where the business of 
 the meeting is always unusually heavy, stood next on 
 the list, and his heart-symptoms had long given him 
 no uncertain warning that he must seek rest. But 
 for the ill-health of his successor, Mr. Macduff (who 
 died without taking office), his connexion with the 
 Society would have ceased some months earlier. He 
 was bred to the law, and practised regularly, previous 
 to his acceptance of office; and those in the profession 
 who knew his powers and remembered his speaking, 
 more especially in a great murder-defence, believed 
 
 B 2 
 
4 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 that he would have infallibly risen to be a Lord of 
 Session. With commanding sense and marvellous 
 shrewdness he combined a perfect mastery of tongue- 
 fence, and he was as quick as lightning in his thrust 
 or parry. 
 
 No one was more jealous of his own or his Society's 
 dignity, and his eye would flash and the colour would 
 mount to his cheek at a word. He delighted most in 
 marshalling statistics and annexing districts at his 
 desk, but still he was supremely happy in the show- 
 yard. Everything was done there with great dignity 
 and order, and the Scottish bench would sometimes 
 chaff their coadjutors from England overnight, and 
 tell them that Hall Maxwell never admitted a judge 
 into the show yard unless he presented himself in full 
 court-dress. On the opening morning he might be 
 found in the pay-box for a few minutes, helping to 
 gather the crowns, and exchanging a word or a nod 
 with each member as he came in ; but he soon retired, 
 and for the rest of the week the saddle was his throne. 
 He would be galloping here, there, and everywhere, 
 as field-marshal, on his bay cob, setting lords, baro- 
 nets, and lairds to work as " attending members" to 
 the different sets of judges ; and he was a plainish 
 speaker, sometimes, if things did not go just to his 
 mind. 
 
 In short, both there and at Albyn Place, he was 
 quite the autocrat of the Society ; but, although they 
 somewhat felt the bondage, they were very proud ol 
 him, and quite content to set off the marvels he had 
 wrought for them against what many thought, and 
 some termed "dictation." If any of the members were 
 unduly captious, he caught them without more ado 
 and made directors of them, and they soon ceased 
 from troubling. This mode of bland absorption was 
 very transparent, but was never known to fail. 
 
 Public business often took him to London, and no 
 one could take charge of a Parliamentary bill better. 
 
Mr Hall Maxwell. 5 
 
 If he appeared in a Committee-room to support or 
 oppose on behalf of the Society, it was with such a 
 well-marshalled and serried mass of facts and wit- 
 nesses that it was always odds on him. At Battersea 
 and Paris he was quite in his element, looking after 
 Scottish interests. When in '62 he led the hundred- 
 and-twenty herdsmen and shepherds to Battersea- 
 fields, he lodged them in Edgington tents, and fur- 
 nished them with beds borrowed expressly from the 
 Tower. They had regular night-watches like soldiers ; 
 certain detachments of them made holiday at the 
 Exhibition or the Crystal Palace, and on Sunday they 
 were marched to Westminster Abbey. This was the 
 only time that we ever saw him in complete sympathy 
 with the stock classes. He seemed to care nothing 
 about the very finest show animals or their points, 
 and to merely regard them as necessary links in his 
 system. Neither Belville, nor old Charlotte, nor 
 Colly Hill, nor Loudon Tarn, " that very Blair Athole 
 among Clydesdales," had made any impression on 
 him. He only wished to see the classes worthily 
 filled ; the cracks he left to his friend, Mr. Gourlay 
 Steell, " to be translated." 
 
 As a private companion none could excel 1 him, 
 and to us his stories were all the more salient, when 
 they turned on his recollections of his own Society. 
 He loved to recount the Parisian speculations and 
 observations of " Boghall," who did him such yeoman 
 service as cattle manager on that famous international 
 trip ; and he unconsciously gave us a delightful speci- 
 men of his best official manner in his recital of 
 " Duncan's Arrest at Perth." It seems that the late 
 Duke of Athole, who was then president of the 
 Society, went to Mr. Duncan the night before the 
 show opened at Perth and demanded a stock cata- 
 logue. With unswerving fidelity to his chief, who had 
 given express orders to the contrary, Mr. Duncan re- 
 spectfully declined to hand over, and the Duke (whose 
 
6 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Highland blood was very easily roused) ordered him 
 forthwith into a cab, and taking his seat beside him, 
 drove straight off to Mr. Maxwell's inn. The latter 
 was summoned from dinner, and, on going into the 
 lobby, heard the indictment which the Duke delivered 
 with immense emphasis, holding the accused by the 
 collar. Then Mr. Maxwell struck in, appealing to the 
 Duke as one who had been in the army, and knew the 
 value of rigid discipline, and showing his Grace that 
 " my orders are only your orders even a president 
 cannot break his own rules ;" and so the upshot of it 
 was that the Duke doffed his bonnet, and made a 
 most gracious bow " Mr. Duncan, I humbly beg your 
 pardon? 
 
 Such was Hall Maxwell ; and Scotland did not let 
 one who had served her so well and so long retire 
 without a substantial reward. On January I7th, 1866, 
 he was presented with lOOO guineas and a handsome 
 service of plate, and was also requested by the direc- 
 tors of the Society to sit to Mr. Gourlay Steell for his 
 portrait. They little thought how soon that portrait 
 (which is hung, among the few that have attained 
 such honour, in their council-chamber) would be all 
 they could look upon. He was still in the very 
 prime of his mental vigour ; and, if health had been 
 granted to him, he might have reasonably looked for- 
 ward to another twenty years of usefulness in his 
 county. It was not to be He held up just so long 
 as the connexion between him and the Society was 
 unbroken, and then his friends saw with sorrow that 
 Edinburgh would soon know him no more. About 
 the middle of May he quitted it, in very feeble 
 health ; his fainting-fits became more frequent as the 
 summer sped on, and on August 25th he died, at his 
 own house, Torr Hall, Renfrewshire, in the 55th year 
 of his age. 
 
 A quiet evening with some really good coursers is 
 no light privilege, especially if the kettle is singing a 
 
Mr. Ivie Campbell. 7 
 
 pleasant winter tune, and a greyhound that has " done 
 the state some service" lies stretched in dreams on the 
 hearth-rug. We have listened with delight as Mr. 
 Nightingale recounted the points of each crack course 
 at the meetings where he wore the scarlet ; and 
 though the cold February wind whistled loud and 
 shrill round the Ayrshire barn-tops, and away to the 
 moors behind, what cared we as the servant lassie 
 brought in tea, and fresh logs to the fire, and the late 
 Mr. Campbell, with Canaradzo at his feet, dwelt fondly 
 on the race of Scotland Yet. In his build Mr. 
 Campbell would remind us of the late Mr. Kirby of 
 York a man of burly frame, in a capacious black tail 
 coat from which he had rather shrunk. He was good- 
 tempered, but always able to hold his own, with in- 
 cisive Quaker-like retorts, against a host, when he was 
 chaffed. He sold all his greyhounds, save Coodareena, 
 in the spring of '65, Canaradzo for ioo/. to Mr. 
 Knowles, and Calabaroono for 2OO/., to the late Lord 
 Uffington, with a view to the Waterloo Cup, for which 
 he came, after the frost, far too fat to the slips. Few 
 men began coursing so late, and none have made such 
 prices ; but his dogs were always well placed, and well 
 trained by his son and " Jock o' Dalgig." 
 
 He was much " exercised" in the manufacture of 
 greyhound names, and was wont to say that it often 
 relieved him from severe fits of toothache. The pursuit 
 had its origin as follows. He had a red dog, " Crom- 
 well," winner of the Biggar (Open) Cup of sixty-four 
 dogs, in 1853 ; and shortly after another " Cromwell," 
 to his intense disgust, started up in the English entries. 
 Then he called a brace " Scotland Yet" and " High- 
 land Home" after favourite Scottish songs, and when 
 the Ridgway Club entries came out, Mr. Sharpe had 
 a Scotland Yet as well. After that he would have 
 " no common names," and followed up a limited use 
 of Ossian, by making them for himself. His first-born 
 was " Coomerango," of which Boomerang was the key- 
 
8 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 note. "Crested Lochiel" and "Cam Ye by Athol," were 
 the only names he would ever accept from his son. 
 He said that his dogs had no luck unless they were 
 named by himself, and as the above two died from in- 
 juries at a fence, he had some grounds for his prejudice. 
 
 His son really began the family coursing in 1841, 
 when Mr. McTurk gave him a puppy. After that 
 " Young Dalgig" always kept one ; but his father took 
 no notice whatever of the sport until 1847, when he 
 saw him with Kenmore, the dam of Dido, and con- 
 ceived a violent admiration for her. He then learnt 
 to love coursing at private meetings round home, and 
 his maiden win was a farmer's stake at Closeburn 
 five shillings entrance and thirty runners. Dido won, 
 and followed suit at Closeburn public meeting the 
 next year. 
 
 He first tried Canaradzo in the Dalgig meadows with 
 Mr. Hyslop's Forty-Six. If he was anxious for a trial 
 he would walk from morning till evening to have one. 
 On one occasion he and his son walked all Monday 
 and Tuesday on the hills, and did not find a hare. 
 On Wednesday they began again, and at two o'clock 
 those plucky pilgrims at last " spied her sitting." He 
 did not feel it a martyrdom, and no amount of wet 
 would make him put back. The only alloy, in his 
 mind, to these private trials was when "Jock" pro- 
 claimed the death of a doe hare. Occasionally, he 
 took an odd fit, and would run a dog three or four 
 trials in a day. Much as he loved Coodareena, he 
 would sometimes try the whole team with her, and he 
 was "as deaf as Ailsa Craig" to every expostulation 
 on the point. She was the stoutest hearted of all the 
 Scotland Yets a sort which is either very game or very 
 soft ; and but for these severe trials she would have 
 won more than she did. As it was, she was left in 
 among the last eight with Meg in Mr. Campbell's last 
 Waterloo Cup essay ; and she ran well at Kyle in 
 the winter, after having had three litters. 
 
Mr. Ivie Campbell. 9 
 
 Dalgig* was not far from the springs of Nitli, and 
 every Edie Ochiltree and Madge Wildfire who wan- 
 dered among those moors was sure of a night's shelter 
 and plenty of porridge and milk. Mr. Campbell was 
 a great student of human nature, and he loved a bit of 
 character wherever he could find it, especially if it 
 indulged in unshackelled Scotch. He made a point 
 of asking every tramp their name, and they invariably 
 said " Campbell." The outlying members of the clan 
 seemed to increase in a most marvellous manner, 
 but still he was content to ask no more questions. 
 "Campbell" was not the only key to his heart. On 
 one occasion he had some words with a vagrant, and 
 denied him bed and board, but when the cunning 
 fellow told him that his name was " Bruce," everything 
 was forgiven and forgotten. They repaid his kindness 
 by very seldom stealing from him. One of the worst of 
 the lot was once heard to say to his child behind a 
 hedge " Nab what you can, laddie, btit no at Dalgig 
 for yer life'' His charity was once rather chilled 
 by learning that two married couples had enjoyed 
 his hospitality from Saturday till Monday, and occu 
 pied their barn leisure in negotiating an exchange of 
 wives. The arrangement was carried into effect, and 
 " Old Dalgig" was so scandalized when he heard of 
 it, that for a long time he housed no beggars but aged 
 ones. 
 
 He seldom changed his servants, and looked upon 
 the seniors as quite family standards. " Sandy Dun" 
 was with him and his father for fifty-seven years, and 
 died at eighty-four, without redeeming the matrimo- 
 nial promise which he made annually to his master, 
 under the influence of ale, at Auchinleck Lamb Fair. 
 Another of them, Willy Wilson, delighted to tell how 
 a rough drover tried to prevent him and his master 
 
 * For a visU to Dalgig see " Field and Fern" (South), pp. 249-66. 
 
i o Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 from passing a certain point in the fair with their 
 lambs, and how the latter laid the fellow prostrate in 
 the mud, and when he had extracted an apology, 
 assisted him to rise and gave him sixpence to drink 
 his health. If he scolded his servants or any one else 
 he seldom got beyond, " You Saucestcr T (a Scotch 
 word for a kind of pudding) ; but when his preface 
 was " My Good Sir" he was felt to be in earnest 
 indeed. Hugh Wyllie, who had been thirty-five years 
 about Dalgig, was often " had in" for a chat at night. 
 He was full of all the country news, and knew many 
 curious stories, two traits which exactly suited his 
 master. The finest scenes took place between " Old 
 Dalgig" and his negro Black Geordie. At one time, 
 Geordie was a sailor, then he cruised about the 
 country selling pebbles and curious stones, and when 
 that, game was up, he became a sort of groom to Mr. 
 Campbell, for five-and-twenty years. He was very 
 lazy, and nearly as bad tempered as old Pluto of Gibbet 
 Island, and scenes, rich and rare, took place between 
 him and his master, if the gig was not ready in time. 
 Geordie would think out loud upon these occasions, 
 and it was upon this aggravating habit that issue was 
 joined. 
 
 Mr. Campbell was very fond of reading, but con- 
 fined himself principally to religious works, and more 
 especially to Edward Irving's and Dr. Cumming's. He 
 kept several terms at Glasgow University, where he 
 studied Greek and Latin, and attended the Divinity 
 Hall with no small zest. With a view to going out to 
 China, he began to learn the language, but he was 
 prevailed upon, in consequence of his father's advanced 
 years, to cease from gathering " the blossom of the 
 flying term," and to assist him in his farm duties.* 
 
 * As a breeder of Ayrshires, horses, and sheep he had great expe- 
 rience ; few men were in higher request as a judge at shows in Scotland, 
 and, in 1864, he made his third and last journey to Ireland on the same 
 
Mr. Ivie Campbell. 1 1 
 
 Still, amid Ayrshire cows and arable, he always 
 yearned after his first love his college cap and gown. 
 Robert Pollok, the author of " The Course of Time," 
 was a fellow student in the Divinity school, and many 
 
 errand. Whatever he did, he did with all his might. For instance, 
 when Lord James Stewart, as principal trustee for the young Marquis of 
 Bute, offered four silver medals for different classes of farm stock, he 
 felt sure of being first for the " Dairy Stock," and anything but sure of 
 the " Single Ayrshire Milch Cow," the " Clydesdale Brood Mare," and 
 the " Two-year-old Ayrshire Quey." Defeat was not to be thought of, 
 and (like the late Duke of Hamilton when he determined to be foremost 
 among the best at Battersea) he bought one in Dumfriesshire, another in 
 Lanarkshire, and the third in a distant part of Ayrshire, and kept the 
 medals together. In 1833 he reclaimed 570 acres of waste hill land 
 by ploughing and liming, and then sowing it out in first-rate pasture, 
 and for this improvement he gained the Highland and Agricultural 
 Society's gold medal. Three years after that, he commenced with his 
 brother-in-law, Mr. Richmond (of Bridgehouse), as his mentor, breed- 
 ing " Superior Ayrshire Stock," and they bought between them the 
 celebrated "Tarn" from Mr. Allan, of Dairy. Tarn's cows and queys 
 carried almost everything before them from 1843 to 1854 ; and were 
 first on five different occasions, when the competition was open to all 
 Ayrshire. His next purchase, Cardigan, from Mr. Parker, gained 
 twenty-seven first prizes, and was never beaten while at Dalgig, and it 
 was for this bull that he refused ioo/. in 1856. Mr. Parker's stalls also 
 furnished him with Clarendon, who fined down very much after his 
 arrival, and was first both at Ayr and Glasgow in '60. 
 
 With all this good milk material, do what he might, he could never 
 get to the top of the tree in cheese-making. His dairy could win at 
 New and Old Cumnock, but they were never even commended in the 
 county competition at Kilmarnock. He spared no expense to have his 
 dairy-maids instructed in the Cheddar system, and both Mr. Harding 
 and Mr. Norton from Somersetshire set up their cheese-presses for a 
 time at Dalgig. Still he never succeeded in making a first-class article, 
 and he attributed his failure to the wet soil and the cold, damp air. 
 
 Blackfaced sheep were also his fancy, and he won prizes with them, 
 but never showed after Mr. Richmond's death in '44. He began his 
 horse-labours simultaneously with his assault on waste land, and Kleber 
 and Lamartine, both Lanarkshire-bred Clydesdales, were his best sires. 
 Still, much as he might like good draught horses, he liked good saddle 
 horses better, and by the purchase of Revolter (a son of Grand Turk, 
 "the Cumberland coacher" and Merrylegs, a trotting mare) which he 
 put to six or seven nearly thorough-bred mares, he achieved a great 
 success both for himself and those who sent mares to " the old lame 
 horse." For a man of his weight he was a very fearless rider, and he 
 never cared what sort of savage he had in a gig, as he would soon teach 
 it how to go. 
 
r 2 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 of their Glasgow evenings were spent together. Their 
 friendship knew no change, and the very year that 
 Pollok died, he had promised to spend part of the 
 summer at Dalgig. 
 
 Curling and draughts were his chief amusements 
 until he commenced coursing, and he kept up the 
 former for fully forty years. He would drive seven- 
 teen miles to Sanquhar to play, and although he 
 never won the Picture, he held the New Cumnock 
 Challenge Medal for several seasons. As a director 
 of the game he was first-rate, but his temper not un- 
 frequently went if any of his own players were care- 
 less. However, the anger was soon off him, and he 
 always said he was sorry for " blowing them up." 
 Into draughts he entered with the same devotion, and 
 on very special occasions he and a neighbour would 
 be at it till three in the morning. For two or three 
 years he had been very poorly, and six months before 
 his death he was stricken with palsy. After that he 
 grew weaker and weaker, but he was able to ride out 
 in his gig until the October of '67, when a great 
 change for the worse took place, and a peaceful end 
 soon followed. 
 
 Mr. McCombie's late herdsman, John Benzies, was 
 another character whom we always liked to meet by 
 the side of his heavy blacks, either at Islington or in 
 the Vale of Alford. Owing to a constitutional in- 
 firmity in his legs, he was not always able to compass 
 his thousand miles each December, but in 1867, when 
 he came South with the Black Prince Cup ox and 
 swept everything he could try for, both at Birming- 
 ham and London, we never saw him more active. 
 His appearance " by special command" with his ox 
 before Her Majesty at the Windsor Home Farm 
 was a grand event, and of course he was pretty often 
 waylaid as he went smiling down the Islington 
 avenues, and was requested to stand and deliver a 
 Court Journal account of himself. Despite all this 
 
John White, the Gamekeeper. 13 
 
 notice in high places, John did not lose his head, and 
 when a celebrated English feeder put a chaffing 
 question to him as to his ox's dietary, he had his 
 guard up in an instant, and wouldn't allow that it 
 ever ate anything but " Heather bloom ! heather 
 bloom /" He seemed very well, but when he was 
 met at the station on his return, he told his fellow 
 servant, as if with a sort of sad prescience, that he 
 had now won all he could win, and that he didn't 
 care whether he ever saw the South again. Then 
 came two quiet days to recruit him after his journey, 
 and some long, two-handed cracks with his master 
 about the black he had left behind him, and then to 
 work once more in his nice, cheerful way among the 
 prize beasts for '68. Still his treacherous complaint 
 knew of no lengthened compromise. Another short 
 week and his labour was done, and this true- 
 hearted servant was borne up the valley to his 
 grave. 
 
 We have also lost our honest, downright friend of 
 many years standing, John White, or " Hawthorne." 
 No more each August shall we hail his forecast of the 
 grouse on the Grampians, so often prefaced by the 
 lines which told of the muircock's crow, the eagle's 
 haunt in the glen, the sweet moss where the roe deer 
 browse, and all the other delights of his heart, and 
 ending up with an exhortation to his brother sports- 
 men to " on wi' the tartan, and off wi' me ride." He 
 was head-keeper to the Earl of Mansfield, in whose 
 service he had been for nineteen years. His com- 
 mand extended over the Lowland shootings round 
 Scone and Lynedoch one on the banks of the Tay, 
 and the other of the Almond. Lynedoch, which is 
 some six miles out of Perth, is a lovely wild spot, and 
 he lived in the heart of it, not much more than a 
 hundred yards from the now ruined cottage where 
 the venerable General Lynedoch, as long as his eye- 
 sight lasted, spent three months of his summer. 
 
1 4 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Pheasants, partridges, roe deer, " fur" in abundance, 
 wild ducks, and a sprinkling of capercailzie composed 
 John's charge. The graves of Bessie Bell and Mary 
 Gray are by the rocky stream of the Almond in 
 those grounds, and drew many picknickers with leave 
 and without. Sometimes these outlaws would let 
 themselves in by a key at the great gate under the 
 cliff, and we often laughed to hear the rout when 
 the " lion of Lynedoch" bore down upon them 
 with dishevelled mane, and exacted ample apologies 
 and submission, when they thought that all was 
 serene. 
 
 He learnt his game-lesson well with his father, who 
 was head keeper at Arniston, near Edinburgh ; and 
 when quite a lad, he was constantly out coursing with 
 Sir Walter Scott. The bard liked his enthusiasm, 
 and had many a chat with him as he led his dogs, 
 and thus indirectly fostered the taste which he always 
 had for a bit of verse and prose on field sports. After 
 this he was fifteen years at Abercairney with Mr. 
 James Moray and his brother, the major. The former 
 kept a pack of hounds in Perthshire, and John was a 
 keen preserver of foxes, and had lots of good mounts 
 for his fealty. As " Brushwood," he used to send Old 
 Maga many a line about them, and when they were 
 given up, he had plenty to tell of " Merry John " 
 Walker, and his great doings in Fife. He was a 
 much lighter weight in those days, and generally 
 there or thereabouts, not unfrequently on Walker's 
 own horses. 
 
 In later days he took to coursing, and he won, and 
 then divided the Cup with his Duncan Gray at the 
 Carse of Gowrie Meeting. He was also a great 
 fisher, and there was scarcely a stream or loch in 
 Scotland where he had not cast his fly, and to good 
 purpose. He landed many a noble salmon on the 
 banks of the Tay, and preferred it before all other 
 sports ; but when he told us (who had never seen him 
 
John White, the Gamekeeper. 15 
 
 perform) of his agility, and his playing a fish for more 
 than an hour, we could only gaze in wonder at his 
 burly figure, and congratulate him upon being " got 
 so fit" for the Derby week with a salmon to " lead 
 work" all spring. He was out deer-stalking with the 
 Prince Consort in Glenartney Forest, when H.R.H. 
 first came to Scotland, and he had some capital stories 
 of his keeper's experiences, "owre the muir amang 
 the heather." The frost always found his eye true 
 and his hand steady for the curling stones, and he 
 won a prize not many winters since at that game. 
 He was also a capital rifle shot, and he especially 
 cherished a silver medal which he won in 1829 at the 
 Border Club, when a stripling of twenty, as " the 
 Ettrick Shepherd" with whom he had often lived 
 and fished and shot near the Braes of Yarrow hung 
 it round his neck in public, and made a short speech 
 in his honour. Few better game shots went into a 
 cover ; he delighted in his profession, and in such a 
 retired spot, among the laurels, " where once a garden 
 smiled, and still where many a garden flower runs 
 wild," he had a fine cover for his pheasants close 
 round his lodge, which was almost hid in jessamine 
 and honeysuckle. We often stayed with him there 
 and listened to his good stories, amplified rather at 
 times by the repetition of his pet phrase, "/ said to 
 Mr. says 7," but very amusing, and full of cha- 
 racter, for which he was a keen watcher. 
 
 As each Derby began to loom, he was anxious to 
 be up and on the Downs, but he said every year that 
 he should " never come again." If there was a great 
 pigeon handicap, he would go and load for his young 
 master, Lord Stormont, and the North Countrie men 
 always delighted to see John's honest, hearty face 
 among them. He had known lots of them as chil- 
 dren, but he had hardly a grey hair in his head. He 
 also knew a leading book-maker, and from him he 
 received tips, but to judge from the state of his book, 
 
1 6 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 when he arrived in the metropolis, John was not very 
 constant to his Derby love during the winter. At 
 Perth he was a well-known character, driving through 
 in his trap to Scone, or in Paton the gunsmith's shop, 
 up to his crupper in fishing-rods and breech-loaders, 
 or talking to Speedie about his salmon takes. He 
 died after a very short illness at Scone, and he was 
 buried at Moneydie Church, about two miles from 
 Lynedoch, on the banks of a little stream which falls 
 into that Tay he loved so dearly, near the salmon- 
 breeding ponds at Stormontfield.* 
 
 Time has wrought some changes at Dr. Grant's 
 since we first wrote of the doings of the Master of 
 the Teviotdale.t First and foremost, the Doctor has 
 foresworn celibacy, and has found a helpmate as fond 
 and as beloved of the hounds as himself, and as 
 daring in the saddle, when she dons her blue habit on 
 a fox or otter-hunting morning. The Liddesdale 
 Hunt remembers well how five or six seasons since 
 she won the brush on her grey pony. In fact, the 
 Doctor has consistently reversed George Herbert's 
 saying of " a horse made, and a wife to make." The 
 step quite took Hawick by surprise. The Kirk 
 Session clerk thought it was a hoax-, when the Doctor 
 handed him the guinea and the proclamation for kirk 
 
 * A local paper, the Crieff Journal, has the following lines to his 
 memory, which shows that in his humble walk, he has left some " foot- 
 prints on the sands of Time," in both the places where he lived and did 
 his duty so well. They run as follows : " Weeping echoes in the Braes 
 of Lynedoch and Abercairney :" 
 
 " Alas ! he's gone. Who's gone? 
 Honest John White gone ; 
 Neither laird nor statesman he, 
 Nor boasting of high pedigree, 
 But proud of country and of home, 
 A leal true-hearted Scotsman, gone ; 
 Firm in duty, sportsman rare, 
 Constant friend, man everywhere." 
 
 t See ''Field and Fern" (South), pp. 171-201. 
 
The Master of the Teviotdale. 17 
 
 next day, and he positively refused to handle the one 
 or believe the other till a mutual friend solemnly 
 vouched for it. Even when he read it out in kirk, he 
 was in fear and trembling, and "thought the Doctor 
 might be getting himself into trouble with another of 
 his odd tricks." The great fear among the Hawick 
 " lads" when the secret came out that Sunday was, 
 that the days of the Teviotdale pack were numbered 
 No such thing. The whole of the premises in Hawick 
 were knocked down, and new opes of a very different 
 stamp grew out of the same spot in their place. 
 Horses and dogs lived pro tern, just where they could 
 among the debris. The brown pony of the fair " first 
 whip" (Mrs. G.) was located in a little boarded corner 
 of the barn, with Frank, the terrier (a staunch badger 
 dog, but unentered at otter) in perpetual attendance. 
 The grey half-Arab mare, a rare goer on the road, and 
 a wonderfully steady one when you come to a wade 
 in " silver Teviot's tide," and the bay whose life was 
 spent between the rubbish cart and professional tours 
 in the gig were stabled in a house without a gable 
 end, where three " families" used to live. The pack 
 found shelter in the old hunting-break shed, and the 
 break was poked away behind divers roof beams and 
 laths. Slash, the big black Labrador of io81bs. 
 weight, was tied up in the back surgery with the 
 turtledove of apocryphal age, which has lollowed the 
 Doctor's fortunes from three houses in Hawick. The 
 black had been so accustomed to watch for poachers, 
 that before he fairly understood " Hints on Etiquette" 
 in the house, he was suspicious when he winded a 
 patient after dark, and on one occasion he made a 
 well-meant effort to eat a flesher, who had come to 
 have his tooth drawn. 
 
 Billy and Bobby generally lived with two cats in 
 the garret, and the latter, when he was in an ill- 
 humour, kept the tabbies in strong exercise. Billy 
 paid off a servant-girl, against whom he had a slight 
 
 C 
 
1 8 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 grudge. He would share her bed every night ; but 
 once when she had to get out and go downstairs to 
 fetch something, he took a surly fit, and would never 
 let her in again at least, under the blankets and that 
 long-suffering woman had to sleep in her shift on the 
 outside. Teddy and the cat were mostly in bed- 
 partnership with the boy ; but Billy stuck to the 
 girls, and old half-blind Stormer, who fights every- 
 thing in kennel, roamed about at will. After trying 
 in vain on a pouring night for a settlement in some 
 parish, he discovered a happy hermitage, in this brick- 
 and-mortar waste, at the bottom of an old chimney, 
 and, having laid the coals in order, entered into re- 
 sidence at once. My Mary, by Shamrock, is inde- 
 pendent of alterations, and resides entirely in the 
 gigs at least, the one which has the apron on and 
 makes sundry sallies during the night on to the rats, 
 which hold holiday in the yard. On one occasion, 
 she was found with five, which she must have carried 
 up, step by step, through the wheel spokes, and then 
 borne, Blondin-fashion, along the side-shaft to her 
 lair. As the Doctor says, she " lies with them in her 
 arms, as if they were puppies the darling wee thing!" 
 She lives well among the patients in her daily 
 gig rides, but cream and meat don't make her idle. 
 Occasionally she enlivens these professional rounds 
 by taking the drains after a rabbit, and she has car- 
 ried one alive into the gig. Like her, the Doctor 
 does a good deal of sleeping in the gig, but to ensure 
 peaceful repose he must have two pair of reins, and 
 hold the one while his wife drives with the other. 
 Gouty old MalakhofFs white skin is in the best bed- 
 room, and you now tread over " old John Peel's" and 
 Fairplay's somewhere on the landing. Shamrock's is 
 in the big room, and gives you the notion, as you first 
 look and recall the little grey-and-tan warrior of 
 eighteen seasons, that a quarry stone has tumbled on 
 him, and flattened him out. His is indeed a precious 
 
The Master of the Teviotdale. 1 9 
 
 memory with the Doctor. " When Broadwith could 
 find no vermin for him he killed collies on the spot 
 he had such destructive power he suffered very 
 much at last ; I tapped him twice, and took away 
 about 1 60 ounces of fluid in all." He left more 
 daughters than sons behind him ; and the former more 
 especially followed him in colour. Teddy, his son, 
 is quite as determined with otters, and by dint of 
 practice as artistic as himself, though he is not quite 
 so heavy. 
 
 The badgers needed no close borough of their own 
 amid all this yard confusion, as they were all poisoned 
 that summer on one and the self-same night. They 
 would catch rats like a dog, as the vermin stole to 
 their feeding trough in " the sweet moonshine ; " but 
 they killed and ate one too many. A poisoned rat 
 came among the rest, and all three seemed to have 
 partaken of him, as they were found curled up stiff 
 and dead in one tub. The Doctor had no idea that 
 poisoning was in process next door, or he would 
 have adopted his usual preventive of feeding up the 
 out-lying terriers and the badgers, so that they would 
 not eat their spoil. He mourned sadly over the big 
 badger, as nearly every terrier in the place had been 
 highly tried with him in his time. This badger main- 
 tained the very pleasantest relations with the stable- 
 boy and servant-girl, who cleaned him out and fed 
 him. Let but the Doctor appear, and he growled 
 fearfully, and as often as not tried to break through 
 his iron poker guard, and have a touch at his learned 
 legs. He was quite different in attitude and expres- 
 sion when one of the Doctor's wire-haired brigade 
 went in, and he would at once entrench himself in a 
 corner, " to receive cavalry," knowing right well what 
 to expect. If it was merely a stranger he scorned 
 such work, and went in for a merry ding-dong, which 
 soon settled matters. A very expensive brace were 
 so heavily beaten in their trial, that their disgusted 
 
 C 2 
 
2O Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 owner packed them off that night, and said he thought 
 they " would be good enough for London." Teddy 
 nailed him at eleven months, and got bitten through 
 his nose and shoulder, but he went in at him a few 
 days after, as resolute as ever. Badger-baiting is in 
 the blood, as Shammy's grandsire, " The Patriotic 
 Pep," killed a badger in a drain when he was quite 
 old and blind. This was at William Broadwith's, who 
 used often to turn out a badger on Longnewton 
 Forest with one and a half hours' law, whenever 
 Sir George Douglas's pack were unusually short of 
 otters. 
 
 The performing chestnut horse was put down early 
 in '67, and was generally supposed to be rising twenty- 
 seven years, of which he had spent eleven with the 
 Doctor. As a jumper, whether of stone walls, banks, 
 or timber, he had few to touch him, and with the 
 Doctor's leaping-pole on the top of it, he cared no- 
 thing for a wire fence. He would follow his master 
 over any jump, and never separate from him when he 
 was over, however good a head hounds might be 
 carrying. For some time past he had been troubled 
 in his wind, and was found, on a careful post mortem, 
 to have aneurism of the heart and malignant disease 
 of the liver. In fact it was about time for him to 
 render up his flesh to the hounds he loved so well, and 
 his " flag," skin, and hoofs (the latter in the shape of 
 polished snuff-boxes) serve as adornments to the big 
 room of 3Oft. by I Sift., above the stables. His carcase 
 was pickled for the pack and was " as good beef as 
 ever you saw ; but perhaps not so fat as some we've 
 known." They put a sack over his head, and the 
 poor beast began to waltz with his fore feet, as if he 
 was expecting to be taught his lOist performance, 
 when down he went with No. 5 shot through the fore- 
 head. The Doctor cannot bear ball in such a crisis, 
 as his five-barrelled revolver once failed with a Bird- 
 catcher mare, and he only killed her by opening a 
 
The Master of the Teviotdale. 2 i 
 
 vein, and blowing into it, when she died with a hearty 
 nicker in her nostrils. The one-eyed thorough-bred 
 mare has been disposed of long since. Her original 
 price was thirty shillings, because no one could get on 
 her back, and the Doctor consistently reached that 
 proud elevation up to the day of her death by a 
 series of flying jumps on the blind off-side. He 
 has a capital harness mare, looking like a hunter, 
 which wont ride a yard, and never will. It once took 
 three and a half hours to do two miles on her, and her 
 rider only effected that by sitting down on her, and 
 working the journey tail forem6st the only way in 
 which she will go under a saddle, although she will 
 kneel, and take quite naturally to hanky-panky tricks. 
 The Doctor takes the precaution of having his harness 
 made throughout with spring hooks so that if he has 
 an accident he can hold the horse with the left hand, 
 and set it free with the right. 
 
 There are about five otter hounds, eight Dandies, 
 and Billy in the pack ; but there is nothing the 
 Doctor relies on more than Slash the Labrador, with 
 his jet-black coat and his fine grey muzzle. This 
 warrior came from Broadwith's, and hunted with the 
 Doctor for many a season before he was " reduced into 
 possession." He was helping in night-work at the 
 same time ; but it became at last dangerous to take 
 him out, as he could wind a poacher at any distance, 
 and his growls of linked sweetness long drawn out, 
 when they held him " for fear of murder," told too 
 much. Hence the Doctor, to his great joy, was al- 
 lowed to take him home, and he has become a groom 
 of the bedchamber. Slash believes in no dog not 
 excepting Ringwood unless he has felt at the spot 
 for himself. Hunting alone is his delight, and he is 
 always questing either up or down stream, yards apart 
 from the body of the pack. He quarters the stream 
 just like a setter dog after partridges sometimes with 
 his nose right under the water, and his head on one 
 
22 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 side, as if listening, and sometimes with it flat on the 
 surface. When there is a worry he takes care to have 
 his back nip ; whereas old Stormer only tugs away 
 at the tail, and Ringwood is quite open to let up Billy 
 and the terriers at such a crisis. Slash was the only 
 dog which ever beat the Doctor when he wanted to 
 save his otter. That devoted man had the rest at bay 
 under an elder bush on the Ale, and the terriers would 
 not act on account of the heavy stream ; but Slash 
 would not be denied, floored him in the mud, and took 
 the otter from him then and there. The " auctioneer," 
 which MalakhofF dreaded so much, was no use what- 
 ever against such a "Molyneux the Black." The 
 Doctor remarks " that he does not know pain. Look 
 at the thumps he got from that iron hook of Bill's : 
 his nervous system is not like other dogs he's a dog 
 of metallic nerves." 
 
 The long room above the stables is now (i 870) finished, 
 but not furnished ; a fox has been kept there since it was 
 a cub, and ere long the trick training will commence. 
 A badger again forms one of the establishment, to the 
 great delight of Betsy ; and a man hunted a buck 
 tbulmart for six weeks as a consort for the ferrets, 
 which had grown slack in the Doctor's eyes, and re- 
 quired a fresh strain of blood. It was run to ground 
 several times, and made such an example of its pur- 
 suer's fingers, that the latter was perpetually under 
 medical treatment till he conquered. The Doctor has 
 made a platform nine feet from the ground round his 
 yard, and stocked it with all kinds of British flowers. 
 This is what he understands by sitting under his own 
 fig-tree in years to come, and what cares he even if 
 the otter-bites in his hands do become " the seats of 
 rheumatism." Above the long room he has a shoot- 
 ing gallery of twenty-five yards, finishing in his extra 
 bedroom, which commands a view of Chapel Hill, 
 Borthaugh, and Gala Law covers. Through an artful 
 tube in the wall, he commands the illuminated face of 
 
The Master of the Teviotdale. 23 
 
 the Town Clock as he lies in his bed, which saves all 
 candle reference to his watch on an otter-hunting 
 morning. 
 
 Some of the otter hounds have been working with 
 Sandy in the Carlisle pack ; but Royal, Collier, and 
 Ringwood are still (1870) in kennel with Teddy, Piper, 
 Tom, and the other terriers, who " get round the otter 
 like a collar of leeches." Two greyhounds (one of 
 them old Artful), Slash, old Major (who is almost 
 blind), Judge (the setter), and Stormer have tickets- 
 of-leave in the stable ; Billy, Bobby, and Ragman 
 are a trio by themselves ; and Black Jack, who 
 will fight any mortal thing, occupies the boot of the 
 break. There is also a magnificent bitch, Melody, 
 from Mr. Stonehewer's which has no superior in a cold 
 scent, and Little Pod, a puppy of The Dwarfs, is quite 
 a character. 
 
 The Doctor's deposition touching the attempted 
 capture of Billy is worth preserving : " I saw the man 
 at the head of Baker's Close, coquetting with Billy, 
 and marked him as a stranger, with an eye to the dog. 
 The two disappeared. I got into position at the 
 other end of the Close, and took him by the throat ; 
 he threw down the rope, and I made him pick it up 
 again. He tried to break my arm ; but I knew the 
 old dodge. He seized me by the wrist, and ran 
 under it. I stopped him with one on the larynx ; 
 he opened his mouth wider than any otter hound 
 he was nearly asphyxiated. It was such a nasty 
 trick trying to put out a gentleman's arm for claim- 
 ing his own dog. Billy was quite conscience-stricken 
 at finding himself in such low company. He knew 
 he had done something wrong. The man had to 
 stand in the yard with his back against the wall, 
 and hold the rope as evidence against himself, till 
 a Serjeant of police came. The rope was the link of 
 union ; it kept them all nicely connected together 
 The man began in a most piteous way. He told me 
 
24 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 he had only just finished his t\vo years in Perth 
 Penitentiary for taking a mouthful of flesh out of a 
 policeman's leg. I had some pity on him, and I 
 wouldn't value Billy at io/., so he couldn't be sent 
 to Jedburgh. He had the full benefit of ten days. 
 The baillie would have given him more for Billy's 
 sake, if he could. As for the man, he was gratitude 
 to the mast-head. * /'// never steal another dog from 
 yon' I thought he would come and call ; but I am 
 glad to say he didn't. ' Pve got a good dog at Dal- 
 keitJi ; yon can have it if yon like. If yon ever want 
 one, write me' That is what he said : it showed his 
 heart was in the right place. It was a tremendous 
 undertaking stealing a public character like Billy a 
 dog that everybody here knows and respects a privi- 
 leged dog goes round the town every forenoon, and 
 visits on his own hook not a butcher's shop he dosen't 
 know, and he's very fond of confectionery too. He 
 may well be fat.' ; 
 
 The Doctor " took a notion" shortly after our visit, 
 and sallied forth with Ringwood, Royal, Collier, 
 Stormer, and Melody to look for an otter at Shields- 
 wood, where Jack Deans the keeper had several fox 
 litters. The otter had been a great night-traveller, 
 and between Ashkirk and Shieldswood loch the scent 
 was as hot as fire. Mrs. Grant commanded the terrier 
 contingent, of Teddy, Tom, Piper, Vixen, and My 
 Mary ; while Slash the Labrador, Billy, and the five 
 otter hounds were the Doctor's aides-de-camp as 
 usual. Jack was in a dreadful fright when the Din- 
 monts went to ground, lest it should be a vixen 
 fox, but it was the "right stuff," a regular thirty- 
 pounder, and out it came through the pack and into 
 the loch. There was plenty of music, and when it had 
 swum a ring it earthed again, and was drawn out by 
 the terriers. It was nearly off the second time, but 
 the Doctor dashed into the loch, seized it by the hind 
 legs, and fell trying to swing it up the bank. As the 
 
The Master of the Teviotdale. 2 5 
 
 Doctor fell, some of his dogs, whose blood was regu- 
 larly up, caught him by the hip in the melee, and bit 
 hirn so severely that the leg became benumbed down 
 to the foot, and he could not get up again. Jack then 
 slipped and went down in trying to land him, and was 
 bitten by one of the dogs in the hand. Mrs. Grant, 
 as reserve corps, then flew to their aid, and the Doctor 
 was got out of the loch, still holding on to the hind 
 legs of the otter, which just prevented his coat and 
 vest from being pulled right over his head. There 
 was a most fearful battle on the bank, and but for 
 Slash and his tremendous " back nip," the otter might 
 have won the day. Poor Billy was of no use; he hung 
 on " like grim death/' and tried to chew, but he seemed 
 to do no harm. On examination it was found that he 
 had struck two of his long tusks through his upper-lip, 
 and had thus fairly muzzled himself. There never 
 was such a bloody death, and the terriers, to use the 
 Doctor's noble simile, " looked as if scarlet nightcaps 
 had been drawn over their heads and necks." Billy 
 was in high fever next day, with a head so fearfully 
 swollen that the Doctor thought he could not recover, 
 and carried him perfectly blind to the photographer, 
 for a parting reminiscence. 
 
 His head when submitted to the photographer was 
 just as broad as it was long, whereas in health the 
 length is about twice the width. He is now quite well 
 again and ripe for duty, and another photograph was 
 taken of him ; so that his friends at a distance might 
 see, with the aid of a magnifying-glass, what a tre- 
 mendous jobation he received during his " lock jaw." 
 The Doctor firmly believes that the dog owes his life 
 to the tender nursing and devotion of his mate, the 
 ex-pugilist Bobby, who took possession of him that 
 night, and never left him till all his face-wounds were 
 healed up. He lay with his patient on the kitchen 
 sofa, and never ceased to lick the raw spots. If Billy 
 went into the yard he accompanied him, and would 
 
26 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 not let him out of his sight for an instant. His tongue 
 was in fact a perpetual poultice and antidote to inflam- 
 mation. The Doctor tried hard one day to get him 
 to dress the wounds of the Dandies, but he would not 
 even look at them. Some years ago he and Billy 
 fought till they were exhausted, and ever since they 
 seem to have been quite content to look upon it as a 
 drawn match, and never quarrel about victuals or any- 
 thing else. 
 
 " Well, den ! Hard Koppig Peter ben gone at last," 
 said the Dutchman of New Amsterdam, as they puffed 
 the pensive pipe, and gazed into his grave. Now that 
 his beloved Newmarket will know him no more, turf- 
 ites have a still warmer remembrance of their " Peter 
 the Headstrong," or "Old Glasgow!" The Dutch 
 and Scottish heroes were of the same kidney. One 
 prorogued a meeting of the burghers sine die by kick- 
 ing it bodily downstairs with his silver-mounted 
 wooden leg ; and then posted himself in full regimen- 
 tals and cocked hat, with a blunderbuss at a garret 
 window of Government-house, rather than sign the 
 surrender of his town. The other looked upon the 
 Press much from the same point of view as Peter did 
 on the troublesome tribes of Preserved Fish and 
 Determined Cock, and did nothing on the turf like 
 anybody else. 
 
 He went to sea at a tender age, and he never lost 
 the salt flavour. To the last he was a true descendant 
 of the old Norsemen in his manners and in his blood. 
 Grafton, Rutland, Exeter, and Jersey were courtly 
 models to which he did not care to conform. Under 
 the auspices of his one-armed tutor, "Sir Wolly," who, 
 for lack of more worlds to conquer, on his proud St. 
 Leger Eve thrust his walking-stick through the pier 
 glasses of the Rein Deer, the young lieutenant soon 
 became seasoned to life ashore. They would sit at 
 the window of the Black Swan at York with magnums 
 of claret before them after midnight, and hand it out 
 
The Earl of Glasgow. 2 7 
 
 in tumblers to the passers-by. Old racing men first 
 remember the pupil jumping on the table at the Star 
 in Stonegate, when Mr. Gully entered and offered 25 
 to I in hundreds against Brutandorf for the St. Leger, 
 and repeating the offer in thousands. Having once 
 begun to " plunge," he won I7,ooo/. on Jerry, and lost 
 27,ooo/. on Mameluke at Doncaster ; and trusting in 
 Bay Middleton, and Bay Middleton alone, he offered 
 9O,ooo/, to 3O,ooo/. against Venison for the Derby, 
 " each man to post the money." Of late years he had 
 made some big bets, and offered bigger, but be the 
 issue what it might, no one could tell by his features 
 whether he had won or lost. It was dangerous for a 
 trainer or jockey to advise his lordship to put ioo/. 
 on a horse, as he was sure to multiply the advice by 
 five. Very often he would take no advice, and with a 
 colt at least two stone better in the stable he charac- 
 teristically enough backed Dare Devil to win 5O,ooo/., 
 and put his first jockey on him in the St. Leger. 
 Combined with all this off-hand daring, there was the 
 fine, simple faith of a Jack Tar, and the most rugged 
 honesty. Finesse or generalship, such as letting the 
 worst horse finish first in the trial when a good "taste" 
 had been taken a quarter of a mile from home, was a 
 thing he could not understand. Hence, he never 
 fairly mastered the fact that Actseon was much better 
 than Jerry ; and Purity's hollow defeat in the first two 
 heats out of five at Doncaster, despite Croft's assu- 
 rance that " the fun of the fair is only beginning, my 
 lord," seemed a purely Chinese puzzle to him. 
 
 As Lord Kelburne, when his racing aspirations did 
 not often range further south than York and Don- 
 caster, he lived a good deal in Scotland, at his seat of 
 Hawkhead, near Paisley. That daring soul, Lord 
 Kennedy, was then in his zenith, ready to shoot (at 
 grouse or pigeons), or walk, or drive, against any 
 mortal man, for any conceivable sum, and, as may 
 be i inagined, his lordship found a foeman, with a long 
 
28 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 purse, ready for him at any hour of the day or night. 
 The later the hour, the wilder the bet ; and it is on 
 record that they had a driving match after midnight, 
 and that Lord Kelburne lost by choosing the wrong 
 road, and nearly plunging his team among the breakers 
 off Ardrossan. 
 
 In sturdy emphasis of speech, whether at Jockey 
 Club Cabinets, or addressing his trainer, he was the 
 same " Downright Shippon" to the last. For him the 
 Presbytery of Strathbogie had lived and laboured in 
 vain. To discuss a subject of turf polity with him 
 was about as hopeless as to ask his opinion respecting 
 the new veterinary discovery of a small supplementary 
 muscle in the eye of an ass. He once ordered a handi- 
 capper to put 7lbs. more on his own mare. When, 
 as Lord Kelburne, he hunted Ayrshire, if anything 
 went wrong with the sport, he immediately turned 
 upon the huntsman, and chased that devoted man, 
 thong in hand, half a league v over hedge and fallow. 
 Fashion and Usage could forge no fetters for him. 
 
 Hodgson in a pair of gloves, 
 
 Shades of Meynell and of Mytton 1 
 
 Vainly Venus sent her doves, 
 With a pair of her own knitting, 
 
 expressed a home truth about a Master of the Quorn, 
 which would have equally applied to the old Earl. 
 He never appeared in such modern knick-knacks as 
 knickerbockers. To the last he stood by the side of 
 the cords, with low shoes a world too wide, white 
 trousers, in which T. P. Cooke himself could have 
 conscientiously danced a hornpipe, and not unfre- 
 quently in a blue coat with gilt buttons. See him 
 when you might, there was the same nervous irrita- 
 tion, which ruined all natural rest, and made his span 
 of nearly seventy-seven years, eked out as it was 
 nightly by chloroform or laudanum, very little short 
 of miraculous. 
 
 He was not exactly, as Aytoun said of Lord 
 
The Earl of Glasgow. 29 
 
 Eglinton, " one of the heroic stamp of Montrose and 
 Dundee," but still a grand Turf patriarch, whom no 
 defeat could quench. He had spent hundreds of 
 thousands during nearly half a century of racing life, 
 and yet not one of the three great events fell to his 
 " white body, crimson sleeves and cap," in which 
 Harry Edwards on Actaeon, that most ungenerous of 
 finishers, defeated by a head the terrific rush of Sam 
 Chifney on Memnon. This York Subscription Purse 
 was, after all, the victory of his life. " Lord Glasgow 
 wins," was heard at the Two Thousand finish in 
 General Peel's year, and no shout was taken up with 
 greater zest by the multitude. " Old Glasgow always 
 goes straight to the winning-post," and " Rogues can 
 take no change out of him." Like Lord Exeter, he 
 could furnish his " surprises," and none greater than 
 when Rapid Rhone defeated Lord Clifden for the 
 Claret Stakes. Cheered on by the warmth and high 
 spirits of a Jocky Club dinner, he would match any- 
 thing in his stable, and when he could come to New- 
 market no longer, he wrote and desired his trainer to 
 turn his attention that way, so that while absent at 
 Hawkhead, he might still be doing something. To 
 one or two of his most wary opponents he was as good 
 as an annuity ; but on a memorable Houghton Satur- 
 day he laughed them all to scorn, and won six 
 matches in succession. No one was so wayward and 
 difficult to please, or so munificent when he was 
 pleased. His trainers " came and went like the 
 simoon," till at last men of standing in the profession 
 would not engage themselves to him without a 
 guarantee for at least three years. When he had 
 gone the round he would come back to the old ones, 
 although he had vowed, by all his gods, that they had 
 ruined his horses. Every trainer did that. Still, his 
 cheque was always there to the moment, and that was 
 like wine and oil to the wounds he inflicted with his 
 tongue. As for his favourite jockey, Tom Aldcroft, 
 
3O Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 he had nearly as many " reconciliations" with him as 
 Tom Sayers had with Heenan at the Alhambra ; but 
 he could never quite forgive John Scott for "leaving 
 him alone so severely," when, in his thirst for con- 
 troversy about his colt General Peel, he shot quite a 
 sheaf of arrows at Whitewall. 
 
 Above all things he hated naming his horses, and 
 preferred to leave the public which never really took 
 any trouble in the matter, as it dare not back one out 
 of fifty on its merits to grope helplessly among the 
 Miss Whip, Physalis, or dam by Gameboy sorts, from 
 which sprang the noble race of Flutter and " the 
 tight'uns by Barbatus." It had been the self- 
 same story in earlier days, with Jerry, Retainer, 
 Albany, and Retriever. Half the evenings at the 
 Club, when Lord Derby led the revels, with the 
 Earl of Strafford, General Peel, Admiral Rous, Mr. 
 Greville, and Mr. Payne friends who could always 
 touch the right chord in that testy old Scot were 
 spent in trying to name his horses for him. Getting 
 the " royal assent" was the real difficulty, and once 
 "the rich relics of" what promised to be "a well- 
 spent hour" only resulted in the registration with 
 Messrs. Weatherby of "He has a name," and " Give 
 him a name." The Black Duck Stakes of 1000, h-ft, 
 jumped so much with his humour, that " The Drake," 
 and " The White Duck" which had a double aspect, 
 bearing on the above stake and his own seafaring 
 trousers as well were readily adopted ; but " Light 
 Bob," by Voltigeur, was hardly expected of him, 
 except, perhaps, in the light of a cut at the rival pro- 
 fession. Tom Bowline, one of the few yearlings he 
 ever bought, came to his hand at the hammer ready 
 named, and there were melting moments when he 
 could not resist the offers of his friends to be sponsors 
 for his best. " Knowsley" was but due to the genial 
 Earl who had made many a match with him in his 
 day ; " Strafford" and " General Peel," might well 
 

 VNJV 
 
 The Earl of Glasgow. 3 1 
 
 have a pleasant sound ; a chestnut with such a 
 peculiar white mark under the knee was of course 
 Knight of the Garter ; and " Rapid Rhone" was a 
 sterling compliment, such as that roan tribe might 
 not know again in the course of the century. Both 
 Knowsley and the Drake have repaid breeders well in 
 different lines, and The Earl was one of the results of 
 that " nick" of Orlando mares with his Young Mel- 
 bourne, which General Peel made so fashionable. 
 Hence, thanks to old Clarissa, he could turn the laugh 
 against stud critics at last. 
 
 The more they jeered at his stud tribes, the more 
 he stuck by them, and the more assiduously he 
 matched the produce. He cared nothing what he 
 spent out of a reputed 6o,ooo/. a year. If a privileged 
 queen of the card-women hit him a little too hard with 
 her chaff, he would rub his neck or back, as was his 
 nervous way, a little more vigorously than usual, and 
 throw her a sovereign to get rid of her. He liked 
 having his racing blood to himself, and therefore 
 he put his sires' fees at a pretty prohibitive figure. 
 In fact, he would rather lend than let, and infinitely 
 sooner shoot than sell. He has been known to go 
 down to Middleham out of the season, summon four 
 or five resident jockeys over-night to ride a score or 
 more of trials for him the next morning, and finish up 
 by shooting half-a-dozen of the worst twos and threes, 
 without benefit of clergy. Stern of mood as he might 
 be when he was crossed, " his hand was ever open, his 
 heart was ever warm." It was said that he once fed 
 half Paisley in a time of distress, and that yet not 
 even a baillie dare thank him on behalf of his brother- 
 townsmen, for fear of being assaulted. A io/. 
 note or a " pony" was the very least he would pull 
 out of his pocket, if the hat went round, and good 
 cause was shown for some Turfite who had fallen 
 behind the world. For forty years after their con- 
 nexion had ceased, he would send one of his earliest 
 
32 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 jockeys a 5<D/. note, if he had won a good event, simply 
 " for auld lang syne." With all his foibles, he was a 
 glorious old landmark to the Turf; and while he was 
 still among us, defying the roll of the ages, with his 
 quaint garb and blunt speech, some may perchance 
 have felt that his presence was a wholesome cor- 
 rective to the modern spirit, which has lowered " the 
 sport of kings" into a doubtful trade a contest for 
 honour into a lust for long odds, 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 11 He loved the twilight that surrounds 
 The border land of old romance ; 
 Where glitter hauberk, helm, and lance, 
 And banner waves and trumpet sounds 
 And ladies ride with hawk on wrist 
 
 And mighty warriors sweep along, 
 Magnified by the purple mist, 
 
 The dusk of centuries and of song. " 
 
 Longfellow. 
 
 The late Sir James Graham, his farming tastes Recollections of Car- 
 lisle Meeting the Judges Old Posting Times Loyal Tom King 
 Jack Ainslie and his Gretna Green tactics. 
 
 FROM Longtown to Land's End is our allotted 
 journey. When our Scottish travels on the 
 Cheviot side of the country were ended, and we were 
 once more in the Border land, we tied our mare to the 
 church wicket at Arthuret, and sought the grave of 
 Sir James Graham. There he rests from his toil, be- 
 neath the ash and the sycamore on the north-east side 
 of the chancel. Nothing is placed over it save a red 
 sandstone flag with the inscription, " J. R. G. Graham, 
 Bart., born June 1st, 1792, died Oct. 2$tk, 1861." It 
 was his last wish that he should have this simple burial 
 among his tenants and neighbours. 
 
 Sir James's stay at Netherby depended very much 
 

 The late Sir James Graham. 33 
 
 upon his engagements in London, but he generally 
 contrived to come down for different periods twice a- 
 year. He would always spend the first fortnight after 
 his return in riding about the farms with his steward, 
 the late Mr. Yule, and then with Mr. Brown, seeing 
 and suggesting improvements, till at length the whole 
 estate bore unmistakable impress of his practical 
 knowledge and broad aims, and became quite a pro- 
 verb of good farming in the North. Farmers, whose 
 only account-books were their right and left pockets, 
 might well take a lesson from the Netherby tenantry. 
 Croft Head where he lived during some very happy 
 years, as Mr. Graham, after his marriage and some 
 additional fields, or about 1000 acres in all, made up 
 his home-farm ; and he also from time to time took 
 other farms in hand to improve. Green crop fallows 
 were latterly a special point with him, as a prepara- 
 tory measure of permanent improvement. Hence in 
 his leases the out-going tenant was bound not to have 
 more than one-fourth of his fallow-share in bare fallow. 
 In many districts, but more especially the low-lying 
 ones of the Netherby estate, he recommended the 
 culture of green crops and grass, as, owing to the 
 almost periodical rains in July, which raised the rivers 
 Esk and Liddle, the water was backed up through the 
 porous soil to the roots of the wheat, which at once 
 retarded its growth, and produced a rough sample. 
 In the valleys of these rivers there is a good alluvial 
 soil, a small portion is on a strong clay and well 
 adapted for fallow wheat, and fully a half consists of 
 what is called black topped land, with mostly a good 
 red clay subsoil, or, in some cases, a hungry white, 
 sandy-seamed clay, which is the worst soil on the 
 estate. Good farm-houses and farmsteads were his 
 delight. After his father's death he subdivided and 
 remodelled his farms, put all the buildings in order, 
 made good occupation roads, and commenced an ex- 
 tensive system of tile-draining, which is still being 
 
 D 
 
34 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 carried on. He was equally given to woodcraft, and 
 spent a great deal of time with his foresters, advising 
 them as to judicious thinning. He planted 1000 acres 
 in addition to the 1500 he found on the estate. Larch 
 was his favourite as regards profit, and oak, beech, and 
 lime as ornamental trees. 
 
 Of Shorthorns and Galloways Sir James was an 
 excellent judge. He began with the former and soon 
 established a good herd, but experience convinced 
 him that they were not suitable to the soil and climate 
 of the bulk of his estate, and they had, therefore, to 
 give way to "a black dairy." He did not declare 
 himself in favour of any particular breed of sheep, but 
 he introduced sheep-farming on to his estate. It 
 is a noteworthy fact, that all the old Netherby leases 
 which were in existence when he became baronet in 
 1854, contained a clause prohibiting the farmers from 
 keeping sheep, on account of their being destructive to 
 the fences. Few men knew better about a horse's 
 points, and he liked the cross between a blood sire and 
 Cleveland mares, but he never made any high prices. 
 
 In 1821-25, before he entered on public life, he 
 hunted a good deal in Yorkshire, and generally 
 stayed with his old friend Mr. Starkie, near Golds- 
 borough. In after years he gave his mind more to 
 shooting ; like most tall men, he was a good, steady 
 shot, and during his session labours he always looked 
 keenly forward to the Twelfth, and the ten days 
 among the grouse at The Flatt in Bewcastle. It was 
 in defence of his rights as lord of the manor of Nichol 
 Forest, that he had to fight the case of Graham v. 
 Ewart through the Exchequer, the Exchequer Cham- 
 ber, and the House of Lords, before it was solemnly 
 decided that he was entitled to hunt, shoot, fish, and 
 fowl over Bailey Hope, a stinted pasture within that 
 manor, under the preamble of the Enclosure Act, 
 which reserved his right to " other rights, royalties, 
 liberties, and privileges in and over the same." Lord 
 
The late Sir James Graham. 35 
 
 Stanley and Mr. Sidney Herbert both joined him at 
 The Flatt, and Sir Robert Peel shot his covers with 
 him at Netherby, where Mr. Gladstone was a frequent 
 summer visitor. The party roughed it considerably 
 at The Flatt, as the house was small, and some of 
 them had to adjourn to shepherds' huts. They always 
 shot over dogs, as driving was not then the fashion. 
 Occasionally Sir James would try his hand at salmon- 
 fishing in the Esk with old John Wilson as henchman, 
 but the gaff which John shouldered was not often 
 brought into requisition. John still " minds on" how 
 when Sir James had had an unlucky day, he handed 
 over the rod to himself. After a further trial of the 
 game of patience, a salmon was hooked, and Sir 
 James resumed the rod, and John the gaff, but " the 
 speckled monarch of the tide" escaped to the Solway 
 after some nice play, and John said, in sly allusion to 
 election matters, " / never seed Sir James look sae blue 
 afore!' 
 
 He was singularly punctual in his habits, and very 
 abstemious, tasting very little between a light break- 
 fast and a late dinner. Sir Benjamin Brodie once 
 said to us of him, that when he was working hardest, 
 he only took meat three times a week. We cannot 
 recall a finer election sight than when he and Mr. 
 Blamire were borne, side by side, through Carlisle, 
 one in a dark-blue and the other in a light-blue chair ; 
 but Sir James's height and weight made the task 
 rather difficult to the bearers, and they changed so 
 often, that in Castle-street we once thought that the 
 baronet would have descended more swiftly than 
 agreeably from his calico and laurel throne. A 
 handsomer couple than Lady Graham and himself 
 were seldom seen in a ball-room, and a few Carlisle 
 people still remember how every other dancing group 
 was suddenly broken up, and how one and all crowded 
 round to look, and t never forgot that rare quartet of 
 beauty, when the present Duchess of Somerset, Lady 
 
 D 2 
 
3 6 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Graham, Lady Vane, and Mrs. Johnson of Walton 
 House were partners in a quadrille with Sir James, 
 Sir Frederick Vane, Mr. Johnson, and Cantain 
 Campbell.* 
 
 As years went on, there was sterner work than this 
 for Sir James to do both in Downing-street and St. 
 Stephens, and Cumberland might well be proud of her 
 " Bright Sword of the Border." No country had ever 
 sent, not once, but twice, such a pair of home-breds as 
 " Sir Jamie" and " Willie Blamire" as their members. 
 The one had mastered the great problem of Tithe and 
 Enclosure, perhaps, with the exception of the Irish 
 Church, the most delicate and difficult that has per- 
 plexed the century ; and the other was for nearly 
 thirty years " a potent voice of Parliament," and the 
 friend of Sir Robert Peel. There was a long severance, 
 it is true, between him and his county, but " The 
 wanderer," to use his own words, " came home at 
 last." After fifteen years of political exile, he showed 
 himself once more at the windows of the Coffee 
 House, and then came that carefully-studied combina- 
 tion of close reasoning, playful local illustration, and 
 magnificent irony, which gave his speeches such a 
 peculiar edge, and which again bore all down before 
 it both on the hustings and at the poll. Every shaft 
 told, and it went ill with the man who tried to 
 parry his chaff, upon finger and toe in turnips, 
 or any other topic. Two points in his political 
 life were especially marked, to wit, his wish to play 
 a strong second rather than to lead, and his utter 
 indifference, if he believed himself to be in the right, 
 how much he might cut public opinion against the 
 grain. The one might indicate lack of nerve, but 
 the other proved its possession in the very highest 
 degree. 
 
 * Our infoimtwt. who was a looker-on, fe sure as to seven oat c 
 the eight 
 
Recollections of Carlisle, 37 
 
 On the Carlisle hustings in '52 he said that he might 
 " now claim to close the book," but he was bound to 
 take his place by the Earl of Aberdeen that winter 
 now that Sir Robert was gone. He had begun to 
 fail very much after his grand climacteric in 1855, and 
 went down gradually until his death. Still the well- 
 known words, " Sir James is up" which, to the last, 
 never failed to empty the library and the smoking- 
 room, were heard in the May before his death, when 
 he spoke upon the question of a tack to a Bill of 
 Supply. We happened to be in the Speaker's Gallery, 
 and painfully noted the ravages which a few years had 
 made, since he and his colleague for Ripon, the Hon. 
 Edwin Lascelles, two of the handsomest men in Eng- 
 land, were listening to a protection debate in the 
 House of Lords. Earl Derby then adjusted his eye- 
 glass and glanced up at his old colleague, as he sat 
 with a look of half-indifference, half-scorn on his face, 
 and his finely-moulded hands folded on the top of his 
 stick. When he made that last great speech in the 
 Commons the political poet might still have written of 
 him, 
 
 " So cute and cunning he of fence, 
 We count him worth a host ;" 
 
 but he said when he rose from the last bench behind 
 the ministers, that his days of conflict were gone by, 
 and that he claimed an old man's privilege to lift the 
 question out of a mere party arena, and deal with it 
 strictly as a constitutional one. He spoke leaning on 
 his stick, and though his measured accents lacked the 
 fire of the days when he bade the House at least to 
 " get out of Nisi Prius" or made " he knows the 
 reason why" the key-note of a speech which recounted 
 the blessings of Free Trade, there was the same beau- 
 tiful precision and flow of language which so distin- 
 guished him in his prime. The house sat in rapt 
 silence so as not to lose one word, and all seemed 
 to feel that his voice would be heard again no 
 
38 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 more. He alluded to his growing weakness, and 
 there was that in his manner when he met his friends 
 on the hustings, and on the show-field at Carlisle, 
 which pointed too truly to the end. The two-finger 
 salutation was exchanged for the hand-shake, and 
 those with whom he had any political difference felt 
 from his tones, how anxious he was that all should be 
 forgotten. 
 
 Jeremy Taylor's Holy Living and Dying was his 
 constant companion on his death-bed, and when he 
 knew that he was very near the entrance of the dark 
 valley, he calmly laid it by and conversed upon the 
 symptoms of death, as one by one they gathered round 
 him in the twilight of that October morning. Cum- 
 berland might well mourn for him. 
 
 " The sower stayed his hand to hear, 
 The honest "grey coat" sighed, 
 The message seemed so strange and drear, 
 That Friday when he died." 
 
 Not many months before, he had travelled, feeble as 
 he was, many a weary league, to stand by the grave of 
 Sidney Herbert, as he had done by Peel's and Goul- 
 burn's. The Secretary at War was the third of that 
 band of Peelites who had fallen, and there were none 
 of them that Sir James loved more dearly. Writing to 
 the Duke of Newcastle, only a week before his death, 
 respecting a Sidney Herbert memorial he said : " I 
 think a statue of him in Salisbury will be a most 
 suitable monument, under the shadows of the cathedral 
 spire, which points to that Heaven where his hopes 
 were centred, and where I trust he has received his 
 great reward." We too may trust that they are not 
 divided. 
 
 Old Fuller tells us that St. Alsike, whose name is 
 now only had in honour as a grass seed, was born in 
 a wood near Carlisle. He adds that pearls were 
 found in the Irthing, a point which " Sandy" in all his 
 otter hunts has never been able to verify. These notes 
 
Recollections of Carlisle. 39 
 
 of two hundred years ago have much less interest for 
 us than our own recollections of Stanwix Brow, when 
 six mail-guards were " sounding the cheerful horn," 
 and the little mail (as the girl said of the ghost) "went 
 by like a flash." Great were the cricket struggles in 
 that meadow on the right, when the 34th Regiment 
 played the county. Private Allen, who was supposed 
 to live by suction, was invariably taken out of the 
 Black Hole for the afternoon, and he sometimes rose 
 to the occasion with " 50 not out," while Lieutenant 
 Simpson and Corporal Moss played a good and a 
 much safer game. Blues and Yellows united most 
 harmoniously in the County Eleven Colonel Low- 
 ther,* with his slow round-handers, at one end, and Mr. 
 
 * Of the once familiar faces absent at the Smithfield Club Show, 
 none are more missed than Colonel Lowther's. His Barleythorpe ewes 
 and wethers could always come into a front place, either at Oakham or 
 Islington. It was to attend the show at the little Rutlandshire assize 
 town, that he left London early in the December of '66, and never re- 
 turned. He was born in '90, and entering the yth Hussars at 17, saw 
 active Peninsular service under Sir John Moore and The Duke. His 
 fine horsemanship, health, and heart carried him well through every 
 peril. During the retreat of Corunna he was exposed to sleet and snow 
 for nearly sixteen days, without shelter ; and on one occasion he rode, 
 or rather "nursed" one horse eighty miles with despatches, without 
 change or rest. Few men had a finer hand on a bit, and old sergeants 
 of the W. and C. Yeomamy Cavalry love to tell how he would ride up 
 to a yeoman, if his horse was too much for him, and beg to "let me 
 try him," and soon send him back perfectly quiet to the ranks. He 
 was a first flight man in the palmy days of the Quorn and the Cottes- 
 more, of which he was field-master, when his father, the late Earl, 
 became blind. Dick Christian used to speak of his ride with Sir James 
 Musgrave, Mr. Maxse, Mr. Gilmour, and Captain White, as "the 
 finest bit of jealousy I ever see from Glaston pasture to Ketton village ; 
 you could have covered them with a sheet." The hounds were kept in 
 great style at Cottesmore ; but Lambert, the huntsman, latterly became 
 rather slack, and they did not kill their foxes as they had once done. 
 Such an establishment, situated in the heart of such a country, had an 
 old English flavour about it which hunting-men declared to be without 
 rival elsewhere. "The Master of Cottesmore" seemed to hunting what 
 "The Master of Trinity" is to the scholar, and hence the Meltonians 
 for many a year have earnestly desired to see a Cottesmore Hunt once 
 more, with a Lowther at the head of it. Such a rare sportsman as the 
 Colonel never quite fell in with the modern style of hunting, as he 
 
40 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Howard, cf Greystoke, with a unique species of throw, 
 so to speak, at the other. For neatness all round, no 
 one excelled Mr. Ripon ; and his daring catch, as he 
 followed up his ball mid -wicket, and held it with his 
 right hand close to his side, when Mr. Foster had 
 "opened his shoulders," and returned it with com- 
 pound interest, made the lookers-on almost tremble. 
 Mr. Orridge the Governor of the gaol, and a very tall 
 and handsome man, with the exception of rather high 
 shoulders, was a most remarkable bowler. He took 
 his sight with the ball to his eye, at an angle of some 
 60, and fully six or seven yards on the right of his 
 wicket, and then made a very straight delivery, and 
 with a most remarkable wrist-screw. 
 
 The carnage horses were better in those days, and 
 the Corby Castle blacks, the Harker chestnuts, the 
 Rickerby greys, and the Warwick Hall bays, whose 
 
 loved, like Sir Charles Knightley, to see hounds puzzle it out, without 
 being over- ridden. Not many days before he died, the Cottesmore 
 brought a fox at a splitting pace from Ranksboro' over some beautiful 
 country, and raced into him after a quarter of an hour, on the very 
 door-step of Barleythorpe. This was the last sight he had of hunting. 
 As a J.P. he was well known by the poachers in the Lowther district, 
 and woe betide those "fly-by-nights" if they were caught trying their 
 hands on those wonderful hares the ' ' Shap Beckers, " which know Mr. 
 Warwick in his scarlet and old Baggott so well. When Lord Palmer- 
 ston died he became the Father of the House, which he entered in 1812 
 for Westmoreland. For 55 years he sat for that county, and yet his 
 speeches during the whole period would not fill two columns of an 
 ordinary newspaper. We believe that he never spoke in the House. 
 Sir James Graham, who was never at a loss for a simile, described his 
 politics as of the "old long-horned breed," an allusion which the Dale 
 tanners caught up with great gusto. His hardest Westmoreland fight 
 was with Harry Brougham, then in the excellency of his strength. The 
 Blues objected to two brothers standing for one county, and desired 
 "not to eradicate the old family tree," but to have "a laurel of our 
 own planting." The Colonel did not see it, and said that Earl Lons- 
 dale was nothing to him. " I have no connexion with him ; I will 
 stand whether he pleases or not. " And so he did, and won, after a 
 seven days' fight, by 1412 :o 1349. Lord Lonsdale was at the head of 
 the poll, and duly made his acknowledgments; but when it came to the 
 Colonel's turn he would say nothing but "Least said is soonest mended 
 I point to the poll." 
 
Recollections of Carlisle. 4 1 
 
 regulation allowance for the four and a quarter miles 
 to Carlisle was five-and-twenty minutes, were dear to 
 " the stable mind." Three of these pairs, with leaders 
 to match, did good service in their owner's High 
 Sheriff year ; but Harker was not true on that occa- 
 sion to its original colour. Meeting the judges was 
 then a most stirring ceremony. Their lordships did 
 not merely descend from their first-class carriage, and 
 robe in the waiting-room before they opened the com- 
 mission, but approached from Newcastle, preceded or 
 followed by a cloud of barristers in chaises, and 
 "General" Watson on horseback. The high and 
 under sheriffs, cassocked chaplain, the footmen and 
 the postillions (the family coachman generally on 
 the wheeler, if his figure suited), and Mr. Rooke, of 
 the Cathedral choir, with his trumpet, were kept for 
 hours in a sort of transition state that day ; and 
 as for the javelin men bar the one or two who 
 were generally disabled by ale early on, and walked 
 with 
 
 "A short, uneasy motion," 
 
 if they walked at all they never put their javelins in 
 rest after noon. One of the most trustworthy of their 
 number acted as mounted scout, and might be seen 
 tearing back all dust or mud on a very tired horse, 
 like a defeated standard-bearer from Marston Moot. 
 The news he brought was that my lords of assize 
 were rapidly approaching from the east. The Under 
 Sheriff in a chaise-and-pair, attended by two mounted 
 javelin men, set out from Carlisle early to meet them, 
 and took a luncheon with him. Roley Boustead was 
 always in attendance, mounted on his favourite cob, 
 and it was his task to gallop forward to the top of 
 Windy Law, and catch the first glance of the legal 
 cavalcade. When Temon Bridge, six miles beyond 
 Brampton, was reached, their lordships lunched and 
 robed at Temon House, a farm in the occupation of 
 
42 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the late Mr. Wright, a very extensive and hospitable 
 carrier and farmer. The High Sheriff generally met 
 them, in great state, at Rule Holme Bridge. Mr. 
 Justice Coleridge would have had no opening for his 
 joke in after-years, when a lot of little urchins 
 crowded on a dismal night round the station-door: 
 "Are these, Mr. High Sheriff, your posse comitatus?" 
 
 Posting was a sad mockery to the briefless ; but it 
 gave the Queen's Counsel importance when they 
 drove into a town with their own carriages, and an 
 Attorney or Solicitor-General coming down special 
 with four horses was an event indeed. Lancaster 
 saw a good deal of this during the eternal Tatham 
 Case, in which by degrees nearly every judge on the 
 bench was retained, till the choice of Northern Circuit 
 judges had to be made specially with reference to 
 it ; and at Carlisle you might see Cresswell's and 
 Alexander's carriages drawn out when the assizes 
 were over, and packed with law reports, &c., before 
 an admiring audience in front of their lodgings in 
 English-street. As for the former, he took matters 
 so easily that, even when he was leader, he never 
 seemed to do any work out of Court hours ; and we 
 used to look at him with boyish awe loitering along 
 Etterby Scaur, and trying to hench stones over the 
 Eden. 
 
 Coachmen and guards could endure much fatigue, 
 but the post-boys of the great north road were quite 
 their equals in this way. Jack Story, of the Crown at 
 Penrith, once rode at a pinch 108 miles twice to 
 Carlisle and back, and once to Keswick in a day, 
 when he was past seventy. It was a very " throng 
 time," as parliament had just risen, and tourists were 
 flocking to the lakes, but such a ride made no diffe- 
 rence to him, and he ultimately died at the age of 
 eighty-five. He was full of odd tales about those he 
 had driven, and considered that on the whole barris- 
 ters were more devoted to their dinners than any of 
 
Old Posting Times* 43 
 
 them. He based this on what he saw of Sir Gregory 
 Lewin, Mr. Blackburn, Q.C., and one or two others, 
 learned in the law, who, if the assize at Carlisle ex- 
 tended over a Sunday, generally posted down after 
 their consultations to Penrith, and dined most sump- 
 tuously at the Crown. The story of the brace of wild 
 ducks lingered for many a year about the Crown bar. 
 To the horror of these men of eclectic appetite, they 
 had been stuffed by mistake with sage and onions. 
 Upon ascertaining this violation of all true art, the 
 president nearly pulled the bell down in his indigna- 
 tion, and ordering in a kettle of water, scooped out all 
 the stuffing, and carefully rinsed the birds' interiors 
 before they were re-consigned to the cook. The 
 waiter, however, bid the cook to be of good cheer, and 
 gave it as his opinion (without fee) that those lawyers 
 need not have pretended to possess such very delicate 
 appetites, as, when he came back with the ducks, they 
 had eaten all the ejected stuffing, and a small loaf of 
 bread along with it. Jemmy Anderson of Shap was 
 another great character, and quite equal to any crisis. 
 He was once driving a carriage from there to Penrith, 
 when the hirer put out his head and roared, with quite 
 Harry Brougham emphasis, "Postillion, I shan't give 
 you a farthing for your horses or yourself ; youve driven 
 like a snail" Jemmy pulled up immediately, and 
 turning half round in his saddle, faced the foe. " You 
 won't pay me a farthing, won't you ; then Tve come far 
 enough for nowt" and so saying, he descended swiftly, 
 and began to take out his horses. Jemmy was a man 
 of his word, and nothing but the offer of a handsome 
 compromise " money down " induced him to put 
 them to again. 
 
 The postboys never seemed to have a holiday, and 
 if they had, it would have been a source of deep dif- 
 ficulty to them how to spend it. One of their Southern 
 brethren, Tom King of the Old Crown at Amersham, 
 spent his in a most peculiar manner. He had the 
 
44 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 honour on one occasion of driving "Farmer George," 
 after hunting with the Royal staghounds, from Amer- 
 sham to Windsor. To the end of his life that loyal 
 subject would do no work on the anniversary of that 
 day ; and after breakfast he repaired to the same yel- 
 low post-chaise, and sat in it till nightfall, on the side 
 where his sovereign had been. He refreshed himself 
 liberally with pots of ale, and if he took his pipe from 
 his lips at intervals, it was only to replace it with a 
 key-bugle, and play " God save the King." His mas- 
 ter humoured his fancy, and visited the post-chaise 
 with many others during the day, to see Tom indulg- 
 ing in these quaint Pleasures of Memory. 
 
 The Gretna Green marriages were a fruitful 
 source of revenue to postboys at this period ; as 
 the fugitive lovers paid on a higher and higher 
 scale in their fervour the nearer they approached the 
 shrine, a sort of private clearing had to be estab- 
 lished, and if there was anything like a good pay- 
 ing " love job," the fees were passed down the road 
 and equalised. They were seldom better than when 
 the Prince of Capua espoused Miss Penelope Smith. 
 
 A parlour at the Crown was the scene of a curious 
 fracas. A happy pair had arrived from Lincolnshire 
 for Gretna, and were lunching, when the father and 
 the rejected lover drove up. The latter thought that 
 the very sight of himself would be sufficient to create 
 remorse, and yet took no active part for fear of 
 " setting " the girl ; but the father promptly essayed 
 a passage of arms, first with his umbrella and then 
 with his fists, and was finally seized by the collar, 
 half throttled, and forced on to the sofa. His son- 
 in-law elect (who was about his weight, and of a 
 theatrical turn of mind) then turned the key on both 
 of them, and got a rare start with his love, more 
 especially as the old gentleman would drive to Cap- 
 tain Hebson's to try and get a summons for as- 
 sault. Somehow or other they squared matters, 
 
Jack A ins lie and his Gr etna- Green Tactics. 45 
 
 and the four came back that evening in two post- 
 chaises, with white favours, and dined together in 
 great peace. 
 
 It was said of the first Duke of Cleveland, who 
 loved life in a post-chaise, and his orders to the post- 
 boys were always, " Now, drive like the devil ! " If 
 he gave them the word at Catterick Bridge, Mr. Fer- 
 guson, the landlord, was wont to say out loud, and 
 with much apparent feeling, " Now, lads, you II attend 
 to his graces orders!' and then under his breath, to the 
 lads, " Don't overboil tJie eggs" It would have been 
 no use for Mrs. Holmes to give any such second orders, 
 if a runaway pair dashed up to the Bush and it hap- 
 pened to be Jack Ainslie's turn for " Horses on" Jack 
 was a sworn foe to parents and guardians at such 
 seasons, and believed with Mr. Toots's " Chicken," 
 that, if everything else failed, doubling them up with 
 a dig in the waistcoat was a move in the right direc- 
 tion. He would have recommended precisely the 
 same treatment in the case of a Lord Chancellor, if 
 he had come, 
 
 " Racing and chasing on Cannobie lea," 
 
 after some fair ward of his high court. Jack was per- 
 petually signing his name as witness to marriages, 
 and was in fact quite a consulting counsel to lovelorn 
 knights and damsels. To have him, in his yellow 
 cord jacket on the near wheeler, was worth as many 
 points to them as it was to an attorney for the plain- 
 tiff to retain Garrow or Follett. If he was pushed 
 hard, Jack knew of cunning bye lanes and woods to 
 hide them in, and had lines of gates across farms, and 
 all that sort of geography, in his eye, for an emer- 
 gency. 
 
 On one occasion, he quite "outdid his own out- 
 doings." He had driven a couple, who had forgotten 
 to " ask mamma," early in the day to Longtown, and 
 as he thought they were taking it rather easily, he 
 
-j.6 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 strongly advised them to cross the Border and get 
 married before they dined. They were weary and 
 would not be advised, and he took his horses back to 
 Carlisle, and thought them just " poor silly things." 
 He had not been back long, when the mother and a 
 Bow-street officer dashed up to the Bush. There was 
 not a second to lose, so Jack jumped on a horse, with- 
 out asking anyone, and galloped to Longtown. He 
 had barely time to get the dawdlers huddled into a 
 post-chaise, take his seat on the box as commander-in- 
 chief, and clear the " lang toun," when the pursuers 
 loomed in sight. The pursuit was so hot that the 
 only way was to turn sharp down a lane, and Jack 
 and his party had the satisfaction of watching, through 
 a leafy screen, "the maternal " flypast towards Gretna, 
 and so on to Annan, where she came to a long and 
 hopeless check, and finally gave it up. When she was 
 got rid of Jack would stand no more nonsense, but 
 saw his couple married, and witnessed, before he went 
 back to Carlisle. The signatures of that marriage 
 were always looked at with a certain sad interest, as 
 the bridegroom was killed next year at Waterloo. 
 This was quite Jack's leading case, and he is still 
 remembered by many warm admirers of talent and 
 generalship in a peculiar line, as " a civil old fellow, 
 perhaps five feet seven if he was stretched out, and 
 with such nice crooked legs." 
 
47 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 " Ah ! sure it was a coat of steel 
 
 Or good tough oak he wore, 
 Who first unto the ticklish wheel 
 
 'Gan harness horses four ; 
 Nor shuddered, as he rolled along, 
 To tread the mazy, whirling throng 
 Of furious coach with sluggish dray, 
 Contesting every inch of way 
 Through Holborn and the direful strait 
 Of Temple Bar or Bishop Gate." 
 
 Sporting Magazine, 1832. 
 
 The Mail and Coach Days Shap Fells Drivers, Regular and Amateur 
 Guards Horses Carlisle Races ; the late Mr. Daley The 
 Wrestling Ring Cumberland Wrestling Champions. 
 
 SUCH was part of the ode, modelled after " Sic te 
 Diva potens Cypri," which was addressed to 
 the driver of The Times in 1827, when corn-chest 
 poets only sang of steam as " a demon foul," and 
 " better make a railroad to the moon " was a witty 
 retort, not to say quite a settler for the question, which 
 was stirring a few far-seeing souls. After all, the hor- 
 rors of Holborn or Temple Bar were far below those 
 of Shap and Stainmoor on a winter's night, when 
 coachman, guard, and passengers battled. along in the 
 blast, or bore a hand with the snow shovels, and then 
 looked out anxiously for that tavern sign of " Welcome 
 into Cumberland," which told of deliverance from the 
 wilds of Westmoreland, and that snug little Penrith 
 was nigh. 
 
 There were not many amateur coachmen on the 
 road, and the guards steadily set their faces against 
 the system, except in very particular instances. Any 
 passenger could object, and if the reins were not given 
 up at once to the regular coachman, the General Post- 
 
48 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Office authorities came down hot and heavy upon the 
 guard when they were appealed to. A traveller was 
 most indignant on one occasion, and actually seized 
 hold of the reins, because, when Mr. Teather, junior, 
 was driving his own horses, the guard would not inter- 
 fere. He achieved nothing by his letter to " the 
 powers that be," as there was a change of cabinet 
 about that time, and Mr. Teather's request to know 
 which Postmaster-General he was to address in his 
 defence, was allowed to remain unanswered. Mr. 
 James Parkin was one of the privileged ones, and his 
 favourite ground was out of Penrith to Carlisle. He 
 gave it up when the railways encroached and the 
 horses became worse, as he did not care to be " a 
 screw-driver." He was a very steady coachman, but 
 rather too slow for the mail, as he had not the energy 
 to slip it into them over the galloping ground, and 
 make up his time. In fact, the guard was perpetually 
 holding u D his watch, and admonishing him to send 
 them along. Mr. Ramsay,* of Barnton, was " good 
 enough, when the cattle were good," but he liked to 
 choose his ground. Mr. Nightingale, the great cours- 
 ing judge of that day, was the man to " take a coach 
 through the country." He took the horses as they 
 came, kickers or jibbers, and thanks to very fine 
 hands and strong nerves, he kept his time to a second. 
 Parson Bird was also well up to his work, and he 
 was such a good-hearted fellow, that when the regular 
 coachman from Keswick to Kendal broke his leg, he 
 took his place for six weeks, and collected the fees for 
 him. A lady gave the parson half-a-crown, and going 
 to a ball at Kendal that night, was introduced to her 
 coachman of the morning, who at once asked her to 
 dance. She was highly indignant ; but, on the matter 
 
 * For particulars of the late Mr. Ramsay's coaching career in con. 
 nexion with Captain Barclay and The Defiance, see " Field and Fern' 1 
 (North), pp. 195-210. 
 
Drivers Regtdar and Amateur. 49 
 
 being explained to her, she became so gracious ovei 
 it, that she ultimately became Mrs. Bird. 
 
 Among the regular coachmen, John Reed took a 
 very high place. He was a stout and very silent 
 man in fact, " all for his horses." He drove the 
 Glasgow mail from Carlisle to Abington, never tasted 
 ale or wine, and never had an accident. This was the 
 more remarkable, as Mr. Johnstone of Hallheaths, the 
 owner of Charles XII., horsed one stage with nothing 
 but thorough-breds ; and if they did take off, even 
 Reed, strong-wristed as he was, could hardly hold 
 them. John Brydon was, in one respect, the very 
 reverse of John Reed, and full of jollity and good 
 stories on the box. The two Drydens were more 
 dashing in their style. One of them had the art of 
 teaching his horses to trot when most men would have 
 them on the gallop, and his brother was a wonderful 
 singer. Whenever the mail reached a long ascent, 
 and he had to slacken speed, he would beguile the 
 way with " She wore a Wreath of Roses," or " I know 
 a Flower within my Garden growing," in a rich tenor, 
 which would have secured him a good concert-room 
 engagement. Little Isaac Johnson was going for 
 thirty-five years, and never had an accident. He was 
 supreme with a kicking horse, and always took care 
 to make him his near-side leader. When they were 
 put there, he could punish them more severely, and 
 they were not in the way of the coach. He liked to 
 hit them inside the thigh, and he could fairly wale 
 them up if they continued to rebel. The Telfers were 
 good coachmen of the same school, and were well 
 known over Shap Fells. Jem Barnes was rather fat 
 and lumbersome, and lacked fire. People did say 
 that he had his sleeping ground as well as his gallop- 
 ing ground. There was, however, little chance of 
 sleeping one night going north over Shap. He had 
 not only to gallop at all the snow-drifts, but to put a 
 postboy and pair on in front. The pole-hook broke, 
 
 
 
50 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 and the hand of Jim Byrns, the guard, was almost 
 frozen to the screw-wrench, when he brought out a 
 spare pole-hook, and fastened it on. The snow fell in 
 flakes large enough to blind them, and the only comic 
 bit was the voice of a heavy swell issuing from beneath 
 a perfect tortoise-shell covering of capes and furs on 
 the box-seat : " What are you fellozvs keeping me here 
 in the cold for, and warming your own hands at the 
 lamp ?" 
 
 George Eade was very deaf, but still he had hearing 
 enough left to be cognisant of a great many objurga- 
 tions from Mr. Richardson of the Greyhound at Shap 
 for taking it out of his horses. One day Mr. Richardson 
 came out and was peculiarly bland, but George con- 
 cluded that he was on the old subject, and had his 
 back up in an instant, " Hang you ! I'm not before my 
 time ; F II bet you ^L of it, look at my watch!" Jack 
 Pooley was a great character, and drove in earlier 
 days over Stainmoor. When he retired he joined the 
 Yeomanry Cavalry, and entered his horse for a cavalry 
 plate. Two of the principal conditions were that it 
 must never have won 50?., and, also, be half-bred. 
 Some objections having been raised to Jack's nomi- 
 nation, it became necessary to examine Jack before a 
 committee of the regiment. To the first question, 
 whether his horse had ever won 5<D/., he replied, " No, 
 indeed ! but he's helped to lose many a fifty he ran 
 three years in an opposition coach" The next question 
 was, "What is he by, Mr. Pooley T "By?" said Jack, 
 " I should say he was by a shorthorn bull, he's such a 
 devil of a roarer" and Jack's answers were considered 
 eminently satisfactory. Jack Creery was a good 
 coachman, and drove a pair-horse mail from Lancaster 
 to Kirby Stephen. He had a guard, Joe Lord, who 
 had been with Van Amburgh, and the pair got lost 
 one night between Kirby Stephen and Kirby Lons- 
 dale. Jack was so sleepy that he crept inside. Lord 
 drove for him, and being sleepy as well, turned right 
 
Mail Guards. 5 1 
 
 off the road down a lane in the snow. Things got 
 from bad to worse, so Jack had to be roused, and Joe 
 was pushed up the side of a sign-post on Jack's 
 shoulders, to " try and read the address." There was 
 not light enough to decipher much, and when they 
 reached a village (according to the song which Jim 
 Byrns wrote to their confusion), they " knocked long 
 and loud at a village church-door" by mistake for a 
 public-house. 
 
 The coachman's fees were generally two shillings 
 for fifty miles, and some of them made 3OO/. a year. 
 It was, however, "light come, light go" with them, 
 as they were very fond of betting and card-playing. 
 One of them, who was rather a Malaprop in his 
 speech, accounted for losing all his winnings of one 
 evening, by saying that he was "positively discom- 
 pelled to play the last ensuing game" They were 
 strictly the servants of the contractors, and looked 
 after the passengers' luggage, whereas the guards 
 were the servants of Government, and in full charge 
 of the mail and the bags. The appointment was 
 obtained through members of Parliament, who made 
 interest in due form with the Postmaster-General of 
 the day. An inspector of guards travelled four days 
 a week on the mails, and reported weak harness and 
 bad horses, and other shortcomings, to Government, 
 and the guards, who had half-a-guinea per week, 
 made all their private reports through him. For a 
 long time safety-drags were a subject of dispute be- 
 tween the contractors and the Post-Office, and they 
 were not adopted until the former made a very 
 decided stand on the point. Three guards were 
 especially well known and esteemed for their courtesy 
 on the road Skaife, who was a great musician, more 
 especially on the bass violin ; Adam Burgess, who 
 died landlord of the Graham Arms, at Longtown ; 
 and Jim Byrns, who was for many years the station- 
 master at Preston. Jim's forte was verse-making 
 
 E 2 
 
 
5 2 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 rather than music, and if any little thing happened 
 during the journeys that tickled his fancy, he would 
 drop Mr. Teather junior, not a line, but a few rhymes, 
 describing it. Those who were up in mail-coach 
 politics, used to have many a roar over the songs 
 which he wrote, whenever anything very good came 
 off; and Jack Creery and Joe Lord never heard the 
 last of his touching description of their sign-post and 
 church-door troubles. According to it, they must 
 have been in as strange a jumble as the Keswick man 
 and his sow, when they tumbled out of Brundholme 
 Wood down a steep bank into the Greta below. The 
 man was asked to describe his sensations as he fell, 
 but he could only say, " Varra queer. First it was 
 sow der me, and then I der soiv ; then soiv top dt me, 
 and I top dt sow rum start a thegither!' 
 
 Jim Byrns was a very handsome and well-educated 
 man, and no one understood his business better. For 
 many years he was on the Edinburgh mail from 
 Derby to Manchester, and afterwards from Preston to 
 Carlisle, over Shap Fells, the most difficult mail-road 
 in England. Those who slip through it now in half 
 an hour, snoozing on comfortable first-class cushions, 
 can never compass the weariness of Hucks Brow, or 
 guess what a guard had to endure, standing up for 
 miles together through those dark and dismal fogs 
 which infest it on a winter's night, and eternally blow- 
 ing his horn to prevent a collision. Sometimes snow 
 would bring the mail to a dead lock, and then the un- 
 happy guard would have to wade, or get out his saddle 
 and ride one of the leaders to a farm-house, and rouse 
 the labourers to come with their shovels. Jim was the 
 right man in the right place, a rare hand at the head 
 of a fatigue party with shovels, and a perfect master 
 of his carpenter's tools, in case there was a breakdown. 
 The heaviest night, as regards correspondence, was 
 when the American mail had come in. On those oc- 
 casions the bags have been known to weigh above 
 
Horses. 53 
 
 1 6 cwt. They were contained in sacks seven feet long, 
 which were laid in three tiers across the top, so high 
 that no guard, unless he were a Chang in stature, 
 could look over them, and the waist (i.e., the seat 
 behind the coachman) and the hind-boot were filled 
 with bags as well. 
 
 The best teams went out of Carlisle, where eighty 
 horses were once kept for eight mails and seven 
 coaches. The Carlisle teams always looked well, as 
 the contractors principally lived there in the midst of 
 their own ground, and hence the coachmen tried if 
 possible to make up their time before they got to it. 
 " The little mail," as it was called, was on for a short 
 time. It had only two horses, and they always 
 seemed to be running away with their load. Its 
 owners professed to do the 96 miles between Carlisle 
 and Glasgow in 8h. 32|m., and it pretty often came 
 to time ; but there were so many accidents, that pas- 
 sengers wholly shunned it at last. It was established 
 to let the Glasgow people who were jealous on the 
 point, and thought that their London correspondence 
 was delayed by coming through Yorkshire have their 
 letters an hour or so earlier from Carlisle than by the 
 regular mail. The route of the London and Edin- 
 burgh mail was by Derby and Manchester, and it and 
 the old Glasgow mail so arranged their time, with a 
 view to the Glasgow mal-contents, as to meet in the 
 Crown Inn Square, at Penrith, at four o'clock in the 
 morning, and come on to Carlisle together. Up mails, 
 which left Carlisle at six in the evening, reached 
 London at five o'clock on the second morning. The 
 fare was 61. 6s. inside, and 3/. $s. out ; but fees to 
 coachmen and guards, with refreshment on the road, 
 brought it up considerably. Well may those who are 
 rightly informed about things as they were, not 
 grumble at things as they are, when instead of being 
 cramped and sleepless for nearly thirty-six hours, with 
 every hair standing up like a porcupine's quill, and 
 
54 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 with rain and dew and hoar-frost as your dreary por- 
 tion you can leave Euston-square at a quarter to 
 nine, and see the summer sun " shine fair on Carlisle 
 wall" before six o'clock. 
 
 Mr. Teather was the principal mail contractor ; but 
 he gave up working the south side of Carlisle in 1837, 
 and his son (who very often tooled his own teams), 
 took it, as well as the Carlisle and Longtown stage. 
 When the rail was completed to Carlisle, the latter 
 entered into the northern contract with Mr. Croall, 
 and when the Caledonian Railway reached Beattock 
 Bridge, the plant was removed there, and the horses 
 had for a time to be stabled under canvas. Some five 
 years before steam became lord of all, there was a 
 curious dispute about the Government contract, and 
 Mr. Barton, who had been in partnership with Mr. 
 Teather, senior, claimed the ground from Hesketh to 
 Penrith, and sent his horses and helpers to Hesketh. 
 It was a regular fight between the men, day by day, 
 which set of horses should be put in first. Parson 
 Bird favoured the Bartonians, whose chief had never 
 really signed the Government contract, and Mr. Parkin 
 invariably rode down from Greenways, and sat watch- 
 ing the faction fight from his saddle. It went on for 
 several days, and then the Bartonians gave in. 
 
 The mails were chocolate-bodied, picked out with 
 scarlet, and wheels, perch, waist, bars, and pole all 
 scarlet. The harness was perfectly plain, with the 
 exception of the initials and coach-bars on the 
 blinkers. Hucks Brow was a severe pull of a mile, 
 and the seven miles going south from Shap to the 
 Brow were also all on the collar. Accidents were 
 wonderfully few, and the principal one befel a country 
 mail, whose horses shied at a water-wheel just as they 
 crossed Kirbythore Bridge. The drop was eight feet, 
 and one horse was killed ; but there the damage 
 ended. A stalwart Yorkshire woolstapler performed 
 a somersault quite equal to the Keswick sow-leader, 
 
Horses. 
 
 55 
 
 and just as he lighted on his legs, he " caught at mid 
 off" a parcel, which shot with wondrous velocity out 
 of a woman's arms, and proved on inspection to be her 
 baby. He said, in his dry way, when they congratu- 
 lated him on his fine fielding, " that a stray baby isn't 
 generally a good catch for a man." 
 
 None of the contractors cared to get their teams of 
 a colour, as it was too expensive. A wheeler must 
 measure fifteen one at least ; but anything that would 
 keep straight, and get out of the way of the bars, was 
 generally thought good enough for a leader, and if it 
 had not what Mr. Murray calls " pretty manners," 
 John Reed would undertake to turn it out " complete 
 in six lessons." The average price for a leader was 
 I//., and for a good wheeler 22/. to 25/., but never 
 more than 3<D/. Ireland furnished the greater portion 
 of them, and they were picked up at the Rosley Hill 
 fairs. None under five years old were ever purchased, 
 and the average of service in a fast mail was three 
 years, although there were some brilliant exceptions. 
 The worn-outs were sold back to farmers at 5/. or 6/ M 
 and mares of course commanded the best price. 
 Occasionally a horse was purchased with rather a 
 doubtful title, and to prevent his being claimed, he 
 was always worked in the night-mail. They got very 
 few beans ; but two-year-old hay and the best of 
 oats were made especial points of. Tapster, a dark 
 chestnut stallion, was the most remarkable horse on 
 the road. For some offence or other he was condemned 
 to be a near-side leader, when he was only rising 
 four, but he " went off like an old cow" from the start. 
 From Penrith to Shap was his bit of road, and he 
 worked for ten years. When he became slow he did 
 duty as a wheeler for a short time, but he was too 
 small for the place, and a blacksmith got him for 4/., 
 and put him at the service of his country. The 
 Waterloo mare was of a very different disposition. 
 She was one of Mr. Contractor Buchanan's lot, and 
 
56 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 she had stopped with every coachman in turn at the 
 end of two miles. At last they all wearied of her, 
 and the orders were, if she rebelled again, not to bring 
 her back alive. She accordingly left Penrith, and got 
 a few miles in the Glasgow mail, when, according to 
 her wont, she suddenly sulked, and sat down upon her 
 haunches like a dog, with her fore-legs straight out 
 before her. The coachman got down, took a rail out 
 of the hedge, and struck her nine times below the 
 knees with the flat side of it. Such energetic treat- 
 ment brought her to, and she and her drivers " lived 
 happily together ever after." 
 
 It was once a regular money contest between the 
 London papers which could spend most in posting so 
 as to beat the mail, and each other, when they re- 
 ported a great dinner or trial in the country. At the 
 coronation the Sun was printed in letters of gold , 
 and when the Reform Bill of 1832 was proposed, it 
 had expresses to catch up the mails with a second 
 edition containing Lord John's speech to the latest 
 hour. When Sir Robert Peel spoke at Glasgow, its 
 outer form was printed off and taken down to Kendal, 
 where the reporters from Glasgow met it, with their 
 speech notes all ready written out. The inner form 
 was printed off there, and thus the people in Glasgow 
 read the speech printed in a London paper before, by 
 ordinary calculation, it had time to . reach London. 
 When Bolam was tried, one London reporter left 
 Newcastle by the mail without the verdict, while 
 another waited for it, and caught up the mail by hard 
 galloping, after bribing the postboys to hold their 
 tongues. The two reporters went on side by side all 
 the way to London, and the Times never murmured 
 its secret in dreams. 
 
 Our Recollections of Carlisle Swifts go back some 
 three-and-forty years. Springkell and Fair Helen's 
 day was over, and the Maxwell family had ceased to 
 have perpetual seisin of the massive gold cup. Mr. 
 
Carlisle Races. 5 7 
 
 Houldsworth's green and gold jacket was occasionally 
 seen, and The Earl was a great hand at four mile 
 heats for the Queen's Plate. He liked to have his 
 ugly head first in heats one and two, whereas some 
 used to wait away entirely for the first heat, and just 
 save their distance. The man with his flag in the 
 distance chair was an absolute necessity in those heat 
 days, and one of the most vigorous protests we re- 
 member against his judgment was Jem Mason's at 
 Mie Kensington Hippodrome, in '39. Capital horses 
 rrived at Carlisle, year after year, from Middleham, 
 each September, many of them en route to the Cale- 
 donian Hunt, but up to the present date there have 
 been only two St. Leger winners among them. One 
 of them, Caller Ou, won the Guineas, but Warlock's 
 jockey mistook the winning-post, when he had every- 
 thing beat in the Cumberland Plate. We remember 
 seeing Theodore on " the sands" at an agricultural 
 show, but Gregson, " that great swell of a grey," was 
 there too, in his prime, and the St. Leger mouse-brown, 
 with the corny feet, was hardly looked at by the 
 judges, except for the interest which attaches to a 
 horse who wins such a race with ioo/. to a walking- 
 stick or a bottle of soda-water against him. Co- 
 rinthian, who ran fourth to him, was, if we remember 
 rightly, not sent from Barrock Lodge that day, but 
 Royalist came as usual from Holme House in his blue 
 rosettes. He was a good-looking, lightrboned horse, 
 with a very strong neck, and Templeman considers 
 him to be one of the slowest and gamest he ever 
 crossed. " Sim," who was always very fond of Carlisle 
 course, and formed one of a large Yorkshire party at 
 Mrs. Tweedell's in Rickergate, won twice with him for 
 Mr. Lambton, the first year he rode there. The pace 
 was so hot in one race that Royalist was beaten a 
 mile from home, but reached his horses inch by inch. 
 " Sim's" luck was not so great, when at a pinch he 
 had to ride Lady Moore Carew in a big exercise 
 
58 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 saddle, and was beaten half a length. His feet 
 slipped through the stirrups, and he couldn't finish 
 on her. 
 
 The Swifts are full of curious Turf recollections. 
 The jockeys seemed much taller men then, and 
 "wasted" to thread-paper. As for Jem Jacques,* he 
 was promptly "transmuted" from a well-fed innkeeper 
 at Penrith into a seven-stone skeleton, when poverty 
 overtook him, and he rode successfully for Colonel 
 Cradock again. Vinegar and poached eggs were his 
 only support at times, and a lad who rode the rear 
 horse, and drove the leader in the canal-boat, The 
 Arrow, from Carlisle to Port Carlisle, tried the same 
 fare rather than lose his place for overweight, and 
 killed himself by it. John Cartwright was in immense 
 force when he came out about 1829 ; and Mr. Aglionby 
 engaged him three years in advance to ride a colt of 
 his Petterill, for a Cumberland Produce Stakes, which 
 he won. Juba made a memorable level-ground jump 
 near the last turn at exercise. It was measured to be 
 thirty feet ; and the lad vowed that his black would 
 have the Eden with a little more practice, and advised 
 his being turned loose in future. No two-year-old 
 ever excited such interest as General Chasse, when he 
 went to the post for the Corby Castle Stakes with his 
 trainer Fobert leading him, and Bob Johnson on his 
 back ; and he showed the field his light tail from the 
 start to the finish. Muley Moloch was a lion in those 
 days when the Raby pink and black stripes were 
 annually looked out for with Tommy Lye to ride, 
 and burly John Smith in charge. That " fine black 
 hunter" Inheritor, and " Lazy Lanercost," were both 
 winners ; and the wiry little Doctor galloped away 
 from his field in the Queen's Plate through water and 
 
 * This old jockey became a jobbing gardener near Doncaster, and 
 had a small pension from the Bentinck Club. He died in 1868 from an 
 over-dose of laudanum. 
 
The late Mr. Daley. 59 
 
 mud half way up his hocks. The course had been 
 quite covered on the previous day, and lads were 
 actually sailing in washing-tubs from tent to tent. On 
 another occasion we are told that lanterns were tied 
 to the posts, and the last heats, in which Ben Smith 
 rode, were run off by their glimmer. 
 
 Harry Edwards, in his white kid gloves and ruffles, 
 was quite a lion when he came out and won upon 
 Naworth over the T.Y.C. This colt was a very diffi- 
 cult one to ride, as he had mastered his lad, jumped 
 a wall, and chased a mare from the High Moor at 
 Middleham to Dawson's stables. Hence he turned re- 
 bellious in public, and only finished fourth at New- 
 castle; but " Slashing Harry" paid him off, and steered 
 him with an energy and leverage of arm, such as no 
 other jockey, save Sam Chifney, ever seemed to us 
 quite to possess. If his temper had been better he 
 would have been a clipper. When Edwards rode him 
 in an exercise gallop behind Pyramid five years at Car- 
 lisle, the grey could not get rid of him, and the weights 
 were as nearly even as possible. Lord George gave 
 500 guineas for him, and he ran for nine seasons, and 
 then had a turn, by way of finish, at " The Liverpool 
 Grand National." 
 
 Mr. Daley, " the Incledon of the Turf," was not then 
 Clerk of the Course. When he became a Carlisle 
 notable and lived in the Corporation-road, his little 
 parlour was quite radiant with pictures -of our best 
 actors, many of them presentation copies, and among 
 them, duly framed, a very cordial letter from Mr. 
 Charles Dickens. In his own photograph, the unfail- 
 ing glass is in his eye, and he is supposed to be taking 
 stock of his great opponent as they meet in English- 
 street. It might have been truly said of either of them, 
 that 
 
 " Whene'er he walks the street, the paviours cry 
 ' God bless you, sir,' and lay their rammers bye ; " 
 
 so here was a double advantage. It needed but one 
 
60 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 more to complete the group illustrious Aaron, who 
 listened over his pipe for fully six weeks to discus- 
 sions about the " Durham Letter," and then failing to 
 master the matter in hand, asked a friend in confi- 
 dence, " Whtfs this 'ere Colonel Wiseman they've been a 
 talking about?" Mr. Daley would occasionally take 
 to the harefoot again, and bring down the house as 
 Dennis Bulgruddery, Dr. O'Toole, or the first grave- 
 digger in " Hamlet," when any good local cause re- 
 quired a benefit ; and his Irish songs and recitations 
 were often heard at the trainers' parties during race 
 meetings, and the Albert Club at Carlisle. He was 
 very fond of racing, but he never studied it vigorously, 
 and always shrank from putting handicaps together. 
 Newcastle, Chester, and Liverpool were favourite 
 meetings with him, and we seldom "drew" the iron 
 seats under the grand stand portico blank for him on a 
 Doncaster Tuesday. 
 
 He began life in an attorney's office, but he " did 
 not enjoy calf-skin," and finding himself a baritone 
 bird of song he wished to be a perspiring hero as well. 
 For many years he scarcely made 30^. a week, and 
 sometimes had " only my share of the candles," and 
 we have heard him recount how Mr. Sims Reeves was 
 the companion of this soldier of fortune life, with a 
 salary of the same dimensions and share of his poo~ 
 lodgings. Hopeless as matters then seemed, he was 
 always telling his young friend that he should turn his 
 mind to Italy and improve his " organ" there, and 
 that he would certainly beat everything out. When 
 that dream of Italy was fulfilled, he presented the 
 debutant with the costume in which he first took the 
 town by storm, as Edgardo in " Lucia di Lammer- 
 moor." In his hot youth Mr. Daley had a notion that 
 his own forte was tragedy, and he appeared as Othello 
 one or twice and " got a hand" to boot. Still -the 
 manager didn't see it, and asked him if he couldn't be 
 " a Lord Mayor or something of that kind in future" 
 
The late Mr. Daley. 6 1 
 
 "and, therefore, Mr. Chairman" (as he observed at 
 the Shakspeare dinner), " I have to thank Shakspeare 
 for making me a Lord Mayor." This pleasantry told 
 all the better, because the Mayor of Carlisle would 
 not attend that dinner, and had declared officially that 
 Shakspeare was no doubt a talented but an overrated 
 man, and might have turned his talents to better 
 account. Hence curiously enough the Earl and the 
 Mayor of Carlisle were in the front and the rear of 
 the movement on the Tercentenary day. The one 
 presided at the Stratford-on-Avon banquet, and told 
 with noble emphasis of that great Quadrilateral, in 
 which "Warwickshire Will" had entrenched himself 
 against the assaults of envious Time ; the other, 
 although stupendous efforts, both clerical and lay, 
 were made to convert him, hardened his heart and 
 spake as above. 
 
 Mr. Daley was Clerk of the Course for nearly twenty 
 years, and he left some QO/. to their credit in the bank 
 when he died. No one could look more anxious till 
 he was quite sure that there would be a race for " The 
 Queen's Guineas." He confided to us as the cause of 
 this passing cloud that the country people held a 
 belief that if that race was walked over for, it was all 
 his doing, and that he made much booty by such 
 procedure. He was popular with all classes, always 
 ready to help a good cause with his purse and his 
 acting, and never said an unkind word of. any one. A 
 handsome testimonial was presented to him a few 
 years before his death, which was very sudden at last ; 
 and now that he and poor John Sowerby (his C.C. 
 predecessor) have gone, any amateur casual who 
 wanders into Carlisle, and wants to hear the latest 
 thing out in sporting, does not know where to bend 
 his steps. 
 
 Both were alive in '64, and thirty-one horses had 
 come to the meeting, which was opened by Woodbine 
 running away twice round the course, with young Job 
 
62 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 M arson up. Not a carriage was to be seen, whereas 
 " in the days of old Springkell" the course was lined 
 on one side with them down to the distance ; and there 
 were only four men on horseback, where we have seen 
 three hundred, some of whom would extemporize a 
 hurdle race to wind up the day. But Grand Stand 
 enclosures and railways are great levellers, and as the 
 new fashion brings more added money, it has its uses 
 after all. We have it on Judge Johnson's authority, 
 that more women and children attend at Carlisle than 
 at any meeting he knows of. The boys made a most 
 remarkable bit of coping to the wall just beyond the 
 winning-post ; and the " Mr. Gamblers" outside the 
 enclosure confined their operations to balls of different 
 colours, which performed a curious course through 
 pegs, and were backed most spiritedly for pennies. 
 A half-witted fellow, absolutely in rags, fancied he 
 was starter, and performed a sort of shadow-dance to 
 Mr. Elliot, waving back the jockeys (one of them a 
 little Scotchman between seventy and eighty and 
 scaling 6st. slbs. with his saddle) and lecturing them 
 on his own account. The bye-play was too good to 
 disturb, and Mr. Elliot just let him run on. Jem Snow- 
 don rode a most beautiful stern chase for the Cumber- 
 land Plate on Royal John, keeping his top weight at 
 it, and yet never oversetting him, and just "shot" 
 Castle Espie, who forced the pace from end to end, by 
 a head in the last two strides. 
 
 There was no lack of little scenes in the enclosure. 
 A welcher was found to have I3/. in his pocket, when 
 he wouldn't pay, and being a boot-closer, his boots 
 were playfully pulled off for a token and flung aloft, 
 and he had to walk over the sands minus his coat and 
 hat as well, with Young Carlisle in close attendance, 
 examining him as if he were an escaped racoon. Then 
 a small betting man hinted a doubt as to one horse 
 running on the squat e, within earshot of the owner, 
 who landed on his nose " with such unerring instinct" 
 
The Wrestling Ring. 63 
 
 (as Mr. D'Israeli observes of the Commons) that 
 "Philip the Doubter" walked about snorting like a 
 walrus for the rest of the afternoon. After that there 
 was an elderly welcher, who had done a hardy bor- 
 derer out of 3/. three years before. The latter had 
 been on his watch tower at every subsequent meeting, 
 and darting down upon him at last, and scorning to 
 strike a man below his weight, he took out his divi- 
 dend in a Cumbrian fashion by giving him the but- 
 tock and flinging him into the air. The welcher had 
 tried to get in without paying and had been headed 
 back by John Sowerby, and how his friends closed 
 round him and got him out again no one knows. He 
 went like a shadow. The jockey arrivals and depar- 
 tures were rather complicated. Snowdon left for 
 Newmarket, and Challoner (who had ridden in the 
 July Stakes the day before) came North to ride 
 Caller Ou for " The Guineas." Mr. Daley's despon- 
 dency increased visibly, as The Clown and " Back 
 Kitchen Sarah" (Backtchi Serai) had gone home, and 
 Honest John's owner had no notion of giving us a 
 match between the double winners of the Cumberland 
 and Northumberland Plates. In the nick of time, 
 Royal John, who had a race in him already, was 
 ordered out at Mrs. Masterman's intercession, and the 
 hairy-heeled old mare was led into the enclosure to 
 meet him. Challoner was anxious to be at New- 
 market again, and he soon looked up Loates and 
 came into the weighing tent. " We may as well be 
 settling this little matter, Mr. Johnson ;" and settle 
 it he did, pretty quickly, as the mare never went 
 freer or better, with her head up in the "old, old 
 style." 
 
 The wrestling begins at nine o'clock with the heavy 
 weights, and goes on till the saddling-bell rings, and 
 at six o'clock it begins again with the middle weights, 
 to the music as before of the Brampton and Volunteer 
 bands. Next morning the Committee resume their 
 
64 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 labours from nine to two with the light weights, and 
 then the most energetic of white-waistcoated func- 
 tionaries rests from his labours. It is no longer held 
 in that fine natural ring under the hill, but in a 
 boarded enclosure at the edge of the racecourse, and 
 6d. is the entry fee. When we were last there, Jem 
 Scott was quite the man of the hour, and the leading 
 jeweller's window was adorned with a silver testi- 
 monial to his talent from his numerous " friends and 
 admirers." Among the middle-weights he was still 
 the nonpareil, and so was " lal Tiffin" in the light 
 brigade. The latter was also quite the Beau Brum- 
 mell of the hour in his mauve suit, with white stripe 
 and garter. 
 
 As you enter the enclosure, there is a small space 
 for the Committee, who sit with silver cups in front of 
 them, a wheel for drawing out the couples, and two 
 sand-glasses. The latter were perpetually travelling 
 into the ring as a menace to men who would not take 
 hold. The three umpires have generally two couples 
 out at a time, and the audience sit and lie round the 
 ring, while the policemen keep walking about to re- 
 press their exuberance, and keep them in position. 
 C 19 was most fussy. " Sit ye doon, lad, or F II fetch 
 ye oot" was his style ; but the sergeant was much more 
 " saponaceous." With him it was, " Noo, tak* my 
 advice, lad, and ye 1 II see just as weel?- to a very ardent 
 Scottite. With the above it was, " Pll tati odds 
 Jameson don't get the Cup!' and of course he was ac- 
 commodated. " Jamesons just worried him" said 
 another at our side, when Dick Wright in the purple 
 went down before the stripes, which must have covered 
 a thick-set frame of fully sixteen stone. Maxwell (a 
 blacksmith) and Jem Scott were a long time taking 
 hold, as Scott was going away more than two stone, 
 and was bound to be very leary ; but Jem did his man 
 with what they called an " under-click." 
 
 A tall young fellow, as fragile as ;m osier wand, anc 1 
 
l/.NIVERSI 1 
 
 Of 
 
 Cumberland Wrestling Chamj. ' 
 
 standing at an angle of quite 120, was swiftly sent to 
 mother earth by Jameson, with whom Scott had no 
 chance at the weight, when they met for the final fall. 
 Once the rush to seize on the victor, and bear him off 
 shoulder high to some favoured tent, was quite the 
 fashion ; but crowds are not so demonstrative nowa- 
 days, and Jameson is not so very portable. There 
 was therefore only a little cheering, and each man 
 squeezed out of the narrow doorway as he could. The 
 toilets of Scott and Jameson were pretty well attended 
 by their friends and admirers, and then they walked 
 up to the committee-table in the most business-like 
 way. There was no crown of oak leaves no ode by 
 the Pindar of the wrestling committee. The secretary 
 simply shook hands with Jameson, who squeezed the 
 Cup with much ado into his inside-coat pocket, drew 
 his I5/., or whatever it might be, and returned a small 
 portion to the fund. The process was alike simple in 
 Scott's case. " There, Jemmy, that will be 61. for you." 
 " Thank you, gentlemen" and exit Jemmy.* 
 
 WINNERS OF THE ALL- WEIGHT WRESTLING SINCE 1830. 
 FIRST. SECOND. 
 
 1830 W. Robinson, Renwick G. Graham, Rigg 
 
 1831 J. Little, Sebergham I. Irving, Bolton Gate 
 
 1832 J. Mason, Blencogo F. Nichol, Bothel 
 
 1833 R. Chapman, Patterdale J. Graham, Loweswater 
 
 1834 J. Thomlinson, Embleton J. Little, Sebergham 
 
 1835 John Blair, Solport Mill J. Elliott, Cumrew 
 
 1836 Robert Gordon, Plumpton J. Nichol, Bothel 
 
 1837 Joseph Sergant, Brampton R. Gordon, Plumpton 
 
 1838 R. Chapman, Patterdale R. Pert, Torpenhow 
 
 1839 R. Chapman, Patterdale R. Gordon, Plumpton 
 
 1840 R. Chapman, Patterdale R. Gordon, Plumptcn 
 
 1841 W. Jackson, Kennyside T. Baty, Oulton 
 
 1842 W. Jackson, Kennyside H. James, Bogside 
 
 1843 W. Jackson, Kennyside R. Chapman, Patterdale 
 
 1844 W. Jackson, Kennyside T. Longmire, Troutbeck 
 
 1845 I. Taylor, Wythmoor R. Gordon, Plumpton 
 
 1846 R. Gordon, Plumpton I. Taylor, Wythmoor 
 
 1847 R. Atkinson, Sleagill J. Heslop, Paulton Mire 
 
 1848 J. Milburn, Weardale R. Gordon, Plumptoo 
 
66 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Christopher North tells of a strange puzzle into 
 which an old gentleman fell. A general election was 
 pending, and he was all for the Lowther interest. As 
 he journeyed through the lake country, he heard the 
 name of fresh candidates mentioned with much appa- 
 rent favour, for Westmoreland. Meeting with a friend 
 at the White Lion in Bowness, he told him with a 
 very downcast countenance, that Lord Lowther would 
 be ousted, and that the struggle, as far as he could 
 learn, would be " between Thomas Ford of Egremont, 
 and William Richardson of Caldbeck, men of no 
 landed property, and probably radicals." The con- 
 versations which had disquieted him, were really with 
 reference to a great wrestling match, which was then 
 causing as much doubt and searching of hearts in 
 Cumberland and Westmoreland as any election could 
 
 FIRST. SECOND. 
 
 1849 J. Milburn, Weardale T. Todd, Plurabland 
 
 1850 J. Moss, Templesowerby R. Irving, Church House 
 
 1851 J. Palmer, Bewcastle T. Little, Thomas Close 
 
 1852 W. Roldaw, Egremont J. Halliwell, Penrith 
 
 1853 W. Donald, Dearham A. Miller, Kirkbride 
 
 1854 T. Longmire, Troutbeck W. Dickinson, Calderbridge 
 
 1855 T. Longmire, Bowness R. Williams, Egremont 
 
 1856 K. Wright, Longtown W. Glaister, Greenah Hall 
 
 1856 T. Longmire, Bowness T. Robson, Weardale 
 
 1857 W. Hawksworth, Shap Benjamin Cooper, Carlisle 
 
 1857 J. Murgatroyd, Cockerm'th Benjamin Cooper, Carlisle 
 
 1858 Noble Ewbank, Eampton T. Davidson, Castleside 
 
 1859 J. Pattison, Weardale W. Hawkesworth, Shap 
 
 1860 W. Jameson, Penrith J. Pattinson, Weardale 
 
 1 86 1 W. Jameson, Penrith T. Kirkup, Longtown 
 
 1862 R. Wright, Longtown W. Jameson, Penrith 
 
 1863 G. Maxwell, Rockliffe J. Fisher, Appleby 
 
 1864 W. Jameson, Penrith James Scott, Carlisle 
 
 1865 W. Jameson, Penrith James Scott, Carlisle 
 
 1866 R. Wright, Longtown John Milbum, Weardale 
 
 1867 R. Wright, Longtown Matthew Lee, Lyneside 
 
 1868 W. Jameson, Penrith N. Ewbank, Bampton 
 
 I am indebted for this list and for much of the wrestling matter up to 
 1830, to an article in the Carlisle Journal. There were two sets of all* 
 weight prizes in 1856-57, 
 
Cumberland Wrestling Champions. 67 
 
 have done. Far more money is now given in prizes ; 
 but somehow or other these rival counties do not take 
 the same pride in their champions as of yore. You 
 rarely hear the sport mentioned, except about Easter 
 or Carlisle Race time. Champions are not reveren- 
 tially pointed out to the rising generation at market 
 or on the road ; and two young fellows having a bout 
 on a summer evening, would seem nearly as strange a 
 sight, even to a resident, as if a couple of the Yeo- 
 manry cavalry had suddenly mounted their uniforms 
 and their chargers, and gone into a meadow or down 
 a " green lonning," to practise the sword exercise. 
 
 The first prize, a purse with " five gold guineas" in 
 it, was contended for at Carlisle races, in September, 
 1809, and was won by Tom Nicholson of Threlkeld. 
 " Two purses of gold" were given the next year ; and 
 for three years in succession Nicholson was the cham- 
 pion. The prize on the third occasion was twenty 
 guineas, and " all persons emulous of distinguishing 
 themselves in these athletic exercises, so much ex- 
 celled in by our forefathers, are desired to appear on 
 the ground at nine o'clock in the morning." This re- 
 ference to antiquity was made in 1811 ; but the most 
 diligent ghoul in the matter has failed to discover the 
 existence of any records before the era of Tom Nichol- 
 son. Will Richardson of Caldbeck was second to that 
 hero of 1810, and the science, which was gradually 
 developed, brought matters up to fever-heat in 1813, 
 when a ring, seventy yards in diameter, was enclosed 
 by ropes, and about fifteen thousand people, headed 
 by the Duke of Norfolk, the Marquis of Queensberry, 
 and Earl Lonsdale, stood or sat round it. " Barney" 
 was not much in vogue. The buttock and the cross- 
 buttock were the favourite chips, and " many of the 
 men were struck from the ground upwards of five 
 feet." "The Cumberland Shepherd" won the belt; 
 and amongst those who went to grass was George 
 Dennison, the bone-setter, who dislocated an oppo- 
 
 F 2 
 
68 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 nent's shoulder. With a fine eye to business, he 
 would not have him taken to an hospital, but set the 
 shoulder then and there, amid loud cheers. Prize- 
 fighting was introduced as a wind-up the next year ; 
 and Tom Nicholson, and a seaman called Ridley, 
 alias " The Glutton," had a slogging half-hour ; but 
 the police interfered, and the Fist never again held a 
 place at those revels. 
 
 For a few years the wrestling was removed from the 
 old tryst under the hill, and not far from the T.Y.C. 
 starting post, to a circus, and became a private specu- 
 lation ; but on September 6th, 1821, it was restored, 
 thanks to the late Mr. Henry Pearson, a Carlisle 
 solicitor of great size, to its old haunts, and Will 
 Richardson added another belt to his almost countless 
 store. The entry was very large, and very few of the 
 men were under fourteen stone. Weightman of Hay- 
 ton, the second man, was more than a stone above 
 this weight, twenty-two years of age, and 6ft. 2in. in 
 his stockings. He was second the next year, and 
 came first in 1825-26. Then the knights of King 
 Arthur's Round Table were determined to be in the 
 fashion, and gave two prizes at " The Table," near 
 Penrith. The " Harry Brougham" of that day was a 
 spectator, and the knights entered so much into the 
 spirit of the thing, that as the term "Muscular Chris- 
 tian" had not then been invented, they drank the 
 bishop's health, as " the tallest and handsomest man 
 in his diocese." 
 
 From nineteen to twenty-five is the best age, and 
 few men are really supple after that time. A school, 
 near Bampton, in Westmoreland, was once the great 
 nursing mother of wrestlers, and chips innumerable 
 were put in by future " Belted Wills" upon its green ; 
 while the Cumbrians were especially keen of it about 
 Sebergham and Sowerby Row. Dearham was also a 
 stronghold of the sport, and Weardale has had three 
 capital men in the ring during the last twelve years. 
 
Cumberland Wrestling Champions. 69 
 
 Its great advantage over the Devon and Cornish mode 
 is, that it is unattended with the same savage play, 
 and therefore does not create any ill blood. Two men 
 will come in a gig to Carlisle, and go into the ring ; 
 one will throw the other, if he chances to be drawn 
 against him, and they will ride back together at 
 night as good friends as ever. We do not read of 
 " the dreadful execution of the toe" in connexion 
 with it, and how " some of the young Cornwall men 
 are trying the toe, but whether they will for a long 
 time be able to bear the punishment, and keep their 
 tempers like the Devonshire men, is doubtful." 
 Again, the practice of the rival counties is assimilated, 
 and we have no involved challenges like that from 
 Abraham Cann,* of whom the Cornish men sang, 
 with more fealty than truth, that he 
 
 " was not the man 
 To wrestle with Polkinghorne." 
 
 Be this as it may, among the champions of the 
 Carlisle ring who were still wrestling, or whose memo- 
 ries were still green in '30, Nicholson of Threlkeld, old 
 Will Rutson" of Caldbeck, Will Weightman of Hay- 
 ton, and George Irving of Bolton Gate all of them 
 Cumberland men stood pre-eminent. Nicholson 
 wrestled principally in Carlisle and at Windeimere. 
 His great chip' was the click on the outside of the 
 heel, and he always stood well up to hi's man. His 
 stature was six feet, by thirteen stone : and old 
 " Roan," or Rowland Long of Ambleside, who weighed 
 fully five stone more, was like the Dixons of Gras- 
 mere, of " no use till him." Will Richardson, or 
 
 * Cann wrote: "Polkinghorne, I will take off my stockings and 
 play bare-legged with you, and you may have two of the hardest and 
 heaviest shoes you like that can be made of leather in the county of 
 Cornwall, and you shall be allowed to stuff yourself as high as the arm- 
 pits, to any extent, not exceeding the size of a Cornish peck of WOOT ; 
 and I will further engage not to kick you, if you do not kick me." 
 
70 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 " Rutson," as he was called, was another old standard, 
 and he and Tom Nicholson, Jonathan Watson (a rare 
 buttocker) and " Roan" Long, were in constant requi- 
 sition as umpires after they left the ring. Will won 
 at Carlisle when he was quite a veteran of forty-six. 
 He had not very high science, and used generally to 
 hug his men down, but he could hype and strike 
 pretty well with the left leg. Fauld's Brow, near 
 Caldbeck, was his chief ring, and he won the head 
 prize there nine or ten times. This gathering gene- 
 rally took place in October, about a month after 
 Carlisle races whose fixture has been changed and 
 its belt was quite as hard to win as that on The 
 Swifts. 
 
 William Cass was a noted wrestler. He was a very 
 thick-set, burly man, 6ft. lin., and seventeen stone, 
 and therefore very difficult to lift, and active withal. 
 In his science he was not first-class, though he struck 
 well with the left leg. He had a match with George 
 Irving at the Castle Inn and won. Chapman also 
 met him at Carlisle, and threw him in the two 
 first falls out of three ; but he was then past his best. 
 Another noted wrestler was Thomas Richardson of 
 Caldbeck, commonly called " Tom Dyer." His 
 principal chip was the hype with either leg. Being 
 almost 6ft. and a thirteen-stone man, he was remark- 
 ably clean in his falls, and most men were afraid of 
 him. As the Carlisle wrestling was discontinued for 
 some years, the Crow Park ring at the Keswick 
 regatta and races became the most important in 
 Cumberland. The head prize, in 1819, was won by 
 William Wilson of Ambleside, an active wrestler of 
 the same build and size as Jackson of Kennyside. In 
 1821 the head prize was carried off by a young eleven- 
 stone man from Torpenhow, and in 1823 by Jonathan 
 Watson. The former day's wrestling gave great 
 impetus to the art ; it brought lighter men forward, 
 and revived the wrestling that year at Carlisle, where 
 
Cumberland Wrestling Champions. 71 
 
 it has been continued ever since. Crow Park before 
 the time of Gray the poet was a grove of immense 
 oaks, and when the Greenwich Hospital Estate at 
 Keswick, of which it forms part, passed by purchase 
 to the Marshall family, the races and wrestling were 
 given up. 
 
 Weightman was a very tall and good-looking man, 
 and won his falls by great power and length of arm, 
 which made up for his lack of science. George Irving, 
 who was 5ft. ioin., and nearly fourteen stone, seemed 
 quite small in the arms of such a lifeguard ; but 
 " Geordie" was a man of dauntless pluck, and did not 
 care whom he met. His final fall with the gigantic 
 McLauchlin who was 6ft. 5 in., and above twenty 
 stone was always a disputed one, and furnished food 
 for discussion and edification in farm-kitchen ingles 
 for many a month. It seems that when they had " gat 
 hod," and were wrestling for the final fall, Irving 
 begged the giant " not to throw yourself on the top 
 of me," and McLauchlin, thinking that he was down 
 and the bout over, quitted his hold. Upon this Irving 
 nimbly lit on his legs again, and claimed the fall, and 
 after a great scene round the umpires the belt was 
 handed to him. His science was magnificent, and 
 he liked to have a very tight hold of his man, and 
 as a right-legged striker and a cross-buttocker with 
 the left leg he was supreme. This favourite chip of 
 his was as keenly watched for all round the ring as 
 Jemmy Little's buttock and Chapman's right leg hype. 
 
 George Irving and Robinson of Renwick (a very 
 cunning wrestler) were much of the same build, -and 
 two smarter fellows never entered the ring, but 
 " Geordie was still maister of him." J. Little from 
 Sebergham was a less and lighter man than Irving. 
 The latter had got rather slow and stale when they 
 met at Carlisle for the last fall in 1831. It was an 
 anxious moment for the backers of the old champion. 
 " Geordie " went in to do or die, and got his man up 
 
72 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 in the old style amid a shout which might have been 
 heard at Crossfell, but just missed him when he struck 
 with the right leg, and Little put in his unfailing but- 
 tock. Mason of-Blencogo was a strong fellow, with 
 no great science or action, and how he disposed of 
 Nichol of Bothel, who was one of the best hypers 
 of the day puzzled not a few. No one understood 
 the art better than Nichol whose big, curly head 
 and a double-eyed squint made him "good to tell" 
 in a ring ; but he was generally rather big in 
 condition, and turned nervous when he was pushed 
 hard. 
 
 Richard Chapman, vvho won the belt, like Jack- 
 son, of Kennyside, four times at Carlisle, was only 
 " nineteen come Martinmas," weighed twelve stone, 
 and stood five-foot-ten in his stockings, when he made 
 his first journey, in 1833, to The ^Swifts. He had 
 never been there before, and he and two others drove 
 from Penrith in a gig, and didn't know a single soul 
 in the town, or where they could put up. As it hap- 
 pened, Chapman and one of his gig partners entered 
 the ring together, and just as the former and his first 
 opponent were taking hold, he saw his friend "flying 
 over a man's head'.' The omen was not a very plea- 
 sant one, but he set to work nothing daunted, and 
 disposed of Armstrong (" Little "), of Bushel Bank, 
 who strained his shoulder in the tussle. In the third 
 round he was drawn against George Irving. "Geordie" 
 started with his right leg and struck quick ; then he 
 tried the cross-buttock, but Chapman slipped by both 
 legs, and threw him right back out of his arms. The 
 old champion was above bearing any malice to " the 
 young lad oot of Lancashire," as he was generally 
 rumoured to be, although he was born and bred in 
 Patterdale. " Geordie " was then a publican at Bolton 
 Gate which never will forget him and had a tent 
 
Cumber tund Wrestling Champions. 73 
 
 on The Swifts. Spying Chapman a few minutes 
 afterwards from his tent door, as the lad was putting 
 on his coat and waistcoat, he came up to him with a 
 bottle and a glass " Here, young man, thoo mun have 
 a glass of porter, Pll stand treat, 1 ' and so saying, he 
 creamed it up, and dismissed him with the cheering 
 prophecy, "Never a man threw me in Carlisle ring 
 but he won." Chapman was rather shy at first, and 
 he afterwards confessed that, living as he did in such 
 a quiet place as Patterdale, he was not sure that he 
 had ever seen porter before, or what its effects might 
 be. They seemed to be rather invigorating than other- 
 wise, and it was also something that the " Irving of 
 Cumberland " should be on his side, arid specially 
 looking out for him. The eighteen-stone Messenger 
 met him in the fifth round, but he struck him with his 
 left leg, and cross-buttocked him very easily. Gra- 
 ham, of Loweswater, was the last stander, and pursued 
 the same tactics as Chapman had done with the " big 
 un," but he was stopped, and thrown in very similar 
 style to Irving. 
 
 It was a very fine opening to a great career, which 
 produced about a hundred prizes in twelve seasons at 
 Carlisle, the Flan, Fauld's Brow, and all over the north. 
 " Chapman's chip " was hyping with the right and 
 striking outside with the left leg, and always at a loose 
 hold. He could hype with either leg, but thought it 
 safer to use the right, as it was easier to' keep hold. 
 He always told the young wrestlers, " If you hype 
 with the left leg, and miss, and don't throw your man, 
 you are liable to lose hold, and then you are at his 
 mercy. The left leg hype requires a very tight grip ; 
 and, in fact, the finest hype is with the right leg, as 
 the slack hold gives you such a rare swing off." Since 
 his retirement he has frequently acted as umpire, and 
 those who frequented the Bridekirk coursing meetings 
 will remember his directing the beaters on the 380- 
 acre " Tarnities," as head-gamekeeper to Major Green 
 
74 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Thompson, and always sweet on Beckford and Sun- 
 beam. 
 
 Thomlinson, of Embleton, and Chapman had many 
 a hard bout, and it was a very near thing between 
 them. Jonathan was a strong and a desperate fellow, a 
 leary man in taking hold, but a still worse one to deal 
 with when he had taken it. His forte was left leg 
 striking, and clicking inside the heel ; and he never 
 could tell how he was "flung like a bairn at Peerith" 
 by Joe Abbot. The latter was brought up a farmer ; 
 but had as much as would keep him, and loved wrest- 
 ling better than mud studies. He was very clever 
 when he put out his full powers ; but " he required a 
 little clapping on the back " when a champion was 
 crossing the ring to meet him. Banks Bowe was a 
 big one and a tough one, and John Blair, of Solport 
 Mill, a strong, good man. He threw in the final fall for 
 the belt at Carlisle a great fell-side champion, Elliott 
 of Cumrew, who had the credit of bringing up the 
 hank chip. If he put in the buttock, and was stopped, 
 he then tried on this hank, and, as it were, twisted his 
 leg round his opponent's leg, and locked it. The old 
 school thought it " about nowt." In fact, a man is 
 generally beaten when he puts it in, and when it comes 
 to a hug, he loses four falls out of five through it. 
 
 Few men are better remembered than Robert Gor- 
 don, who stood wide of his man, won twice, and was 
 five times second at Carlisle. He was about five feet 
 nine, and never more than twelve stone, and scarcely 
 a man in England could throw him, if they missed 
 him with their first chip. Those who wrestled with 
 him said that he was " nowt but a heap of bones" and 
 he held his- man so tight, that many of them lay down 
 to him rather than be " squeezed to bits in yon vice'' 
 He could hold Chapman, although " Dick " threw him 
 twice for the belt at Carlisle, and had the best of him on 
 the balance of falls. " Bob," as it were, " wrought his 
 man down!' when the chip had missed, and pulled 
 
Cumberland Wrestling Champions. 75 
 
 him quietly over his knee with almost a giant's thew. 
 One of the defeated once graphically described to us 
 his sensations during the period that Bob had hold of 
 him. " He reached his right arm over and wrought 
 me, and clicked me and felt me almost before I took hod" 
 Science was a thing he did not trouble himself much 
 about, but his hug was about equal in tenderness to 
 that of an Arctic bear. He was in the ring for at least 
 fourteen or fifteen years, and nearly as good as ever to 
 the last, and then, like poor Jackson of Kennyside, he 
 died of consumption. Sergeant of Brampton once 
 deprived him of the Carlisle belt, and, as the Cum- 
 brians put it, he " was owre kittle for him" Joe was 
 a neat twelve-stone man, and could reduce himself 
 sufficiently to wrestle in the eleven-stone ring. The 
 middle-weights didn't care to see him there, as he had 
 the swinging hype off to perfection. 
 
 He was not long in the ring ; but no man has left a 
 more enduring memory than William Jackson, of 
 Kennyside. He won four years 1841-1844 at Car- 
 lisle, and was in fact " a representative man" among 
 Cumberland wrestlers, as Chapman was among those 
 of Westmoreland. The pair met seven times, and 
 Jackson had just the best of it ; but Chapman belonged 
 to an earlier period, and was not then in his heyday. 
 Jackson was fully six-feet-one in his stockings, and 
 weighed about fourteen stone. He had grand, open 
 shoulders, and, in fact, he was beautifully made to the 
 hips, but, like Tom King, the ex-pugilist, rather small 
 across the loins. He was too tall to put in the 
 buttock, but he could hype with the right leg, and 
 strike as well as click inside the heel with the left, with 
 marvellous quickness and precision. There was no 
 finer and better behaved wrestler, and never was such 
 universal sympathy felt for a man, as when he was 
 matched with Atkinson and defeated. Big as he was, 
 he looked a mere stripling by the side of the Magog 
 of Sleagill, when he came out to meet him for the 
 
76 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 best of five falls in that Flan ring, which has never 
 had so many thousands round it either before or since. 
 George Donaldson, " stood the giant," and counselled 
 him most strictly not to make play, or Jackson was 
 certain to have him, and his word proved true enough 
 in one round. After going to grass, Atkinson was 
 more obedient, and gave away no more chances, but 
 stood like a rock, and fairly crushed his man down. 
 The late Lord Carlisle, who was looking on, presented 
 Jackson with 5/., but no pulleys could bring up the 
 poor fellow's heart, and he was never the same man 
 again. 
 
 Taylor of Wythmoor, who threw " Bob" Gordon in 
 the final fall at Carlisle in '45, and had the tables 
 turned on him the next year, was a rare buttocker ; 
 and Thomas Longmire, a man of about Chapman's 
 size, was all science, and equally great in buttocking, 
 striking, and hyping. Todd, of Plumbland, was good 
 for a year or two ; and Mobs, of Temple-Sowerby, 
 wrestled well as a "colt," and went through his men 
 in great style for the Carlisle belt. Palmer of New- 
 castle was also a good man, and took Gordon as his 
 model ; and Haliwell of Penrith, an eleven-stone man, 
 was " full of chips." W. Donald of Dearham the 
 home of " lal Tiffin," the nine-and-a-half-stone hero, 
 who " has everything off" had a unique method of 
 pulling men on to his knee. Dick Wright of Long- 
 town, who keeps his wrestling year after year as well as 
 Lord Wilton does his riding to hounds, also relies 
 very much on a specialty. It can only be described 
 as a peculiar and most effective jerk off the breast, 
 which no one save Mossop of Egremont, ever seemed 
 to practice. Mossop threw Longmire twice out of 
 three times with it, Chapman twice, and Jackson 
 once ; and they all said afterwards that they didn't 
 know how to meet it. 
 
 W T eardale has been fertile in champions. Its Pattin- 
 son was an eleven-stone man, and good enough to win 
 
Cumberland Wrestling Champions. 77 
 
 and be second at Carlisle ; and Milburn, after winning 
 in 1848-49, turned up second to Dick Wright in 1866. 
 Robson of Weardale was good ; but he was over- 
 matched when he met Longmire for the belt at Car- 
 lisle, where Ben Cooper, a man who could do any- 
 thing, strike with either leg or cross-buttock, was 
 second in successive bouts to Hawksworth of Shap 
 and Murgatroyd of Cockermouth. The latter began 
 wrestling when he was about twenty, and has gone on 
 for fully thirty years. Chips* were not much in his 
 way ; but his figure, fourteen stone, by 5 feet 7 inches, 
 rendered him a difficult man to throw, and he 
 " has settled a vast of men" at one time or another. 
 Noble Ewbank of Bampton was hardly so good as his 
 father Joseph, whose style of buttocking was almost 
 equal to Little's. As for George Donaldson (one of 
 three clever brothers) he was as cunning as he was 
 
 * A friend has kindly defined for us the principal chips : 
 
 1. HYPE. Formerly called striking inside, or getting your knee be- 
 tween your opponent's legs when lifting him, and striking his leg out so 
 as to drop him down. 
 
 2. SWINGING HYPE. The same thing, but swinging your man after 
 lifting him, once or twice round and striking. When the motions are 
 done quickly, these two are considered the crack chips of the ring, and 
 when well done they are decisive. 
 
 3. BUTTOCKING. Getting your buttock or haunch quickly under 
 your opponent's stomach as a fulcrum, and throwing him bodily over 
 your head or shoulder. 
 
 4. CROSS-BUTTOCKING. The same thing, only getting your man 
 into motion, and your buttock more under him. 
 
 5. HANK. Getting your leg twisted round your opponent's leg, so 
 that he cannot clear it, and by superior strength and height forcing 
 yourself over him, when he must fall under. 
 
 6. BACK-HEELING. Putting your heel behind your opponent's heel, 
 and running over him. 
 
 7. CLICK INSIDE. Clicking inside your opponent's heel, and forcing 
 him back. 
 
 8. OUTSIDE STROKE. Lifting your man, striking outside his knee 
 with yours, and dropping him down. 
 
 The two safest chips, and, generally speaking, the cleanest, are hyp- 
 ing or striking inside with the right leg, and striking outside with you*- 
 left leg : your right arm being under, gives you, with :hese motions, 
 great command over your man. 
 
7 8 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 clever, and though only an eleven-stone man, he was 
 nearly a match for Jackson, and in fact threw him 
 once. Like Gordon, he was a " varra slippery takker 
 hod ;" whereas Jackson stepped up to his man, and 
 gave the umpires no trouble with either sand-glass or 
 trumpet. 
 
 It was a matter of a few ounces between Donaldson 
 and Whitehead ; but Jonathan won the match when 
 they met at Waverton. Jonathan was a great hyper 
 and buttocker, as well as a right-leg outside-striker, 
 and used the last chip with daring shrewdness, when 
 more cautious men would have left it alone. There 
 are very few good strikers with the right leg. Chap- 
 man and other cracks would never put it in, as, if you 
 miss, it is mostly fatal. There has never been a 
 more finished eleven-stone wrestler, both as a striker 
 and a buttocker, and in fact all round, than Jim Scott. 
 At Whitehaven he won the eleven-stone purse eight 
 or nine years in succession, and stood twice second to 
 Jameson at Carlisle. Of course, to adopt his friends' 
 language, it was safe to predict that the big'un would 
 " worry him down ;" but Jameson is wonderfully lithe 
 of his weight, both in pole-jumping and wrestling, and 
 can both hype and strike with the left whenever occa- 
 sion serves. 
 
79 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 " 'Twos Strafford raised his sand-glass, and Thornton held the pen, 
 When to a Windsor coffee-room flocked scores of Shorthorn men. 
 They crowded round the table, they fairly blocked the door 
 He stood champagne, did Sheldon, of Geneva, Illinois. 
 They talked of Oxford heifers, Duchess bulls, and how the States 
 Had come into the market with another ' Bit of Bates. ' 
 Their expression is so solemn, and so earnest is their tone, 
 That nought would seem worth living for but ' Red and White and 
 
 Roan.' 
 
 All ready for the contest, I view a dauntless three 
 The Mclntosh from Essex, a canny chiel is he. 
 
 There's Leneyfrom the hop-yards 'twill be strange if he knocks under, 
 When once the chords are wakened of that Kentish ' Son of Thunder. ' 
 The Talleyrand of ' trainers' is their 'cute but modest foe, 
 Him whom the gods call ' Culshaw,' and men on earth call 'Joe.' 
 He loves them ' points all over,' with bright dew on the nose ; 
 And in his heart of hearts is writ, ' A touch of Barmpton Rose. ' 
 And, sure, it well might puzzle ' The Gentleman in Black,' 
 When the three nod on ' by twenties,' to know which you should back ! 
 And, sure, the laws of Nature must have burst each ancient bound, 
 When a yearling heifer fetches more than seven hundred pound ! 
 Bulls bring their weight in bullion, and I guess we'll hear of more 
 Arriving from the pastures of Geneva, Illinois." 
 
 "THE GOLDEN SHORTHORNS." Punch. 
 
 Whitehall Killhow Sale of Shorthorns Scaleby Castle The Western 
 Plain of Cumberland Mr. Watson's and the late Mr. Brown's Pigs 
 Mr. Curwen's Agricultural Gathering at the Schooze Farm 
 Champion Bulls The late Captain Spencer's Greyhounds. 
 
 WE have approached " Merrie Carlisle" by the 
 North, and we must make note-book forays 
 from it west, south, and east ere we leave it. 
 Skiddaw had got her wonted rain-signal from CrifTell 
 that day, and we met with a curious student of 
 meteorology on our way to Mr. George Moore's. He 
 got into the train at Wigton, and desired to commu- 
 nicate. His language was very dark, and somewhat 
 on this wise : " Wind's in sou'-west ; noo, it's gatting 
 
8o Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 roond tit sooth ye'll see sun ; be it dusk, ye'll see stars 
 better ; if there's nobbut fog, it's a job." With these 
 observations he collapsed, and we changed trains at 
 Aspatria for Whitehall, once " The Fair Ladies" in 
 the parish of All Hallows. 
 
 There is a tradition that it was the home of the 
 Misses Arthuret, of whose hospitality Alan Fairford 
 speaks in " Redgauntlet." A skilful modern hand has 
 been at work since then ; but the old spirit lingers 
 there in all its fulness, and " Welcome the coming 
 speed the parting Guest" may well be carved in stone 
 above the door. There they come during the summer 
 in one continuous stream archbishops, bishops, cler- 
 gymen, school-inspectors, M.P.'s out of business for 
 the recess, recorders, authors, sculptors, artists with 
 the rich harvest of many a happy vale and mountain 
 hour in their portfolios, devotees of St. Partridge, and 
 brother-merchants en route from the lakes. Lord 
 Brougham has left traces of his stay in a complete 
 collection of his works, with his rugged autograph in 
 each. London Scripture-readers and their wives re- 
 cruit their strength with quiet strolls and fresh moun- 
 tain air ; and some bright afternoon the whole force 
 of the establishment is brought to bear vigorously on 
 tea for 1200 school children and their teachers. If we 
 look seawards down the Vale of Ellon, we are re- 
 minded how the Salmon-Fishery Commissioners, Mr. 
 Walpole and Mr. Frank Buckland, issued forth one 
 morning from those portals ; and how they waded 
 about all day like Newfoundlands, and conducted 
 diplomatic negotiations with millers under their very 
 water-wheels. Some of the Fantail, Musical, and 
 Charmer shorthorn tribes are tenants of the park, and 
 the venerable white horse, which Mr. George Payne 
 rode when he hunted the Pytchley, is still earning his 
 corn in the carriage. 
 
 Mr. Foster, like his neighbour and old schoolfellow, 
 comes back to the scenes of his boyhood in summer 
 
< ' / >L 
 
 THE 
 
 UNIVRSIT V 
 
 or 
 
 - . - 
 
 Killhow Sale of Shorthorns. 8 1 
 
 and there for a while shakes off the moil and dust of 
 the great city. The bulk of his estate is at Killhow, 
 which is separated from Quarry Hill by the village of 
 Bolton Gate, whose glorious limestone spring " flows 
 on for ever." Hard by The Bow is that little cottage- 
 ruin where " Blackbird Wilson" held his village-school 
 seven-and-forty years ago, and employed his leisure 
 hours in whistling and suction, but not at the spring! 
 Bolton Church was " built in a night," and the ghostly 
 masons in their hurry put the steeple at the wrong 
 end. But we have to do here with the building up of 
 Mr. Foster's pure-bred herd, which is always kept at 
 Killhow, while Quarry Hill carries the feeding stock. 
 When he took the six hundred acres into his own 
 hands in '6 1, his ideas did not rise beyond Irish cattle. 
 Mr. Drewry, who was born near him, was the tempter, 
 and they went together to the Babraham second sale 
 in June '63, and bought Young Celia (42 guineas). 
 She won at Wigton and Ireby ; but did him no good. 
 White Lily (36 guineas) of the same tribe came with 
 her, and helped her to win the first victory (in a pair) 
 against Sir Wilfrid Lawson's, and had three heifer 
 calves to boot. In process of time Mr. Foster treated 
 himself to two Fantails at the Yardley sale, Polly 
 Gwynne and Duchess Gwynne, at Middle Farm, near 
 Brampton ; Moss Rose (230 guineas) on that memo- 
 rable May morning at Mr. Betts's ; and Princess 2nd 
 and 3rd at Mr. Macintosh's next day. Thus the " Bit 
 of Bates" expanded, and in little more than five years 
 his labours were publicly endorsed by an average of 
 67 /. ^s. gd. for sixty-six head. 
 
 The sale-ring had Art and Nature in aid, with the 
 massive white stone turrets of Killhow in the back- 
 ground, and Skiddaw looking down upon many a deep 
 valley and silent tarn in the distance. The quiet 
 dalesmen, who don't care much about pedigree, but 
 like a roan bull and a " sken at the dam as well," if 
 they can get one, trudged merrily to the scene of 
 
 G 
 
82 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 action. After a sale luncheon, which was of a truth to 
 the North what Mr. Macintosh's memorable one had 
 been to the South, the agricultural worthies, headed 
 by Tom Gibbons, might be seen cosily seated round 
 the ring for four long hours, cheering whenever the 
 biddings rose to fever heat for Moss Rose and the 
 Princesses, and smoking their "churchwardens" in 
 supreme delight. Mr. D. R. Davies, Mr. Brogden 
 (who was then successfully wooing Wednesbury), and 
 Mr. Drewry mounted a low platform, with Mr. Thorn- 
 ton as a " Herd Book in breeches" on the box of a 
 drag at their elbow, and a very " hot corner" it proved, 
 when business fairly began. 
 
 Mr. Stafford, who, as usual, held a commission for 
 " the Kentish Son of Thunder," fought Mr. Davies by 
 ID-guinea bids from 300 (where five bidders had 
 dropped off) up to 400 for Moss Rose. This was her 
 fourth appearance in a sale-ring. First she fell as a 
 blooming Cobham calf for 260 guineas to Mr. Hales's 
 nod ; then it was " 245 guineas, Mr. Betts," " 230 
 guineas, Mr. Foster ;" and now 400 guineas for the 
 Mere Old Hall herd completed her Tale of a Time 
 Glass. Duchess Gwynne (180 guineas), Princess 2nd 
 (300 guineas), and Princess 3rd (330 guineas), were 
 fought out between Lord Kenlis and Mr. Brogden, 
 and his lordship won the rubber. Nothing daunted, 
 in went Mr. Brogden for Countess Gwynne (240 
 guineas), and got her. At this juncture, the platform 
 could bear such heavy volleys no longer, and collapsed 
 amid a roar of merriment ; and when Mr. Brogden 
 and Mr. Davies lighted on their legs, and presented 
 themselves again on a surer footing, they were greeted 
 with the assurance that " weight of brass brokt doon" 
 Sir Wilfrid Lawson was not long in making up his 
 mind for Royal Cambridge, a massive son of Moss 
 Rose, and at 240 guineas the roan was booked for 
 Brayton. His brother, Royal Cumberland, tempted 
 Mr. Fawcett at 160 guineas, and he and the wealthy 
 
The Western Plain of Cumberland. 83 
 
 Fantail 4th, at nearly the same sum, departed for 
 Scaleby Castle together. And so did most of the 
 company, cheered by the beams of a double rainbow, 
 to buy the descendants of the Elvira or Princess sort 
 on the morrow.* 
 
 The blacksmith at the Red Dial warned us that it 
 was " an uneasy road," as we sought Mr. Watson's. 
 The mist was on the Solway, and half veiled Wedham 
 Flow (beloved of snipes) and those salt-marshes on 
 whose edge the natives set fixed engines for salmon, 
 and " stick it out" before the Commissioners that they 
 only aspire to flounders. As we climb the side of 
 Cattland Fell, the great north-west plain of Cumber- 
 land lies at our feet. " This is the old border land, 
 memorable alike for strife and song. The impress of 
 its troubled history may here and there be seen in the 
 massive square towers, which yet rear their time-worn 
 walls, telling of many a storm and siege." We feel 
 too on another score that we hold the keystone of a 
 strong position. Beyond the Solway, we see the 
 birthplace of Pride of Southwick in a wooded spur of 
 
 * Scaleby Castle was built about the time of Henry I., or subse- 
 quently by the Norman Tilliolfs, who got a large grant of the adjacent 
 county both as their residence, and also as a place of refuge from the 
 attacks of the marauding Scots of that period. When the sentinel sta- 
 tioned on the "Toot Hill" (now Scaleby Hall) sounded his horn, the 
 people with all haste collected their stock within the precincts of the 
 double moat, or, in case of greater emergency, within the quadrangular 
 courtyard of the castle. The outer moat is still in perfect preservation ; 
 but the inner one has for years been filled in. An old donjon keep 
 rises to a considerable height above the other parts of the building, and 
 has long been an almost inaccessible ivy-clad tower, tenanted only by 
 the bat or the moping owl, while the large black martins wheel in rapid 
 flight, and chase each other with defiant scream round the battlements. 
 The walnut-tree, which spread its lateral arms far and wide, and the 
 gigantic elms which threatened to push the old walls from their founda- 
 tions, have all gone ; but still many a fine gnarled oak holds the ancient 
 keep in countenance. Mr. Fawcett has kept shorthorns of the Princess 
 blood, so famed for the pail, ever since he was under Mr. Bates's roof as 
 a pupil. Of late years he has purchased some high-priced heavy-fleshed 
 cows, chiefly of Bates blood, and he gave 155 guineas for Fourteenth 
 Dyke of Oxford at His Grace the Duke of Devonshire's sale. 
 
 G 2 
 
84 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Criffell ; Lady Solway, that great nursing mother of 
 Cumberland ham, flourished at Solway House ; Maid 
 of the Mill, Beckford, and the Blackstock "belles" 
 have done their work near Allonby for Lytham and 
 Waterloo ; Casson's future gold medal hunter Com- 
 missioner hails from Burgh ; and Crafty,* " the queen 
 of the hackneys," is in her box at Howsenrigg, with 
 George Mulcaster as her proud esquire. Amid the 
 rich pastures and " black dairies " of the Abbey 
 Holme, lived " Sammy Rigg," that head-centre of 
 Cumberland "statesmen," as famed for his swedes 
 and Galloways as Mr. Rooke for his views on " Corn 
 and Currency." There, too, once upon a time, Pearson 
 of Langrigg had forty greys, all by Old Conqueror, 
 from mares by The Earl and Grand Turk. Brayton, 
 
 * Crafty, bred by Mr. A. Dalzell, of Stainburn Hall, Workington, 
 in 1858, is by The Judge, out of a mare by Nimrod (h.-b. son of Muley), 
 her dam a hackney mare of unknown pedigree, the property of the late 
 Dr. Dickinson, of Workington. The Judge, bred by Mr. A. Dalzell 
 in 1850, was by Galaor, out of Cerito (sister to The Currier) by The 
 Saddler, out of Amaryllis by Cervantes. The Judge was not much of a 
 racehorse, though he ran repeatedly in Mr. Dalzell's colours ; while we 
 hear he is the sire of very good riding stock in the Carlisle and Cumber- 
 land country. Crafty was purchased when a yearling at 2O/. for Mr. 
 H. J. Percy, of Howsenrigg, Aspatria, by his manager, the now well- 
 known George Mulcaster, who brought her out in the same year 1859, 
 when she was first shown and placed third to' two half-brothers by The 
 Judge, in the yearling class of hunting colts and fillies at the Cockermouth 
 Meeting of the Cumberland and Westmoreland Agricultural Society. 
 In the same year Crafty took the first prize of 2 sovs. for yearling fillies 
 by The Judge, and the second prize for yearling saddle or harness fillies, 
 at the Wigton Agricultural Society's Show, &c. Crafty is a rich 
 dappled brown mare, standing fifteen hands one inch and a half high, 
 and girthing six feet two and a half. She has a neat sensible head, with 
 a good eye and a nicely crested neck, running into well-raised withers. 
 She has a full chest, with beautifully laid shoulders, a capital barrel 
 and back, with good round quarters and well-developed arms and 
 thighs. Then her joints are excellent, her legs and feet first-rate, while 
 she is full of power without lumber, but with plenty of length, hardy 
 looks, and especially grand-taking action, &c. Farmers' Magazine. 
 [Since the above was written, she has won an enormous number of 
 prizes. She has had three colts and a filly, two of the former by Motley, 
 and the tatter by her own sire.] 
 
Mr. Watsons and Mr. Browns Pigs. 85 
 
 the scene of some very dashing bids by Mr. Saunders, 
 when the herd was dispersed, is a little further down 
 the line ; and so is Blennerhasset, that Sebastopol 
 of the vegetarians, where the engines "Cain" and 
 " Abel " groan on their miry way, where a professor 
 is ever composing manures, and where Christmas was 
 kept with apples and biscuits, potatoes, and oilcake 
 sauce. 
 
 A Saturday Revieiver once directed our attention 
 to the fact that we seem to regard a country as be- 
 nighted, except in those spots which are hallowed by 
 the presence or recollection of some distinguished 
 thing on four feet. If this be so, very little of that 
 Cumberland landscape was in shadow, as we passed 
 through the two greyhounds in stone at Mr. Watson's 
 gates, and looked over it from his garden terrace. 
 This ex-Cumberland champion of the pig lists began 
 with the Lady Solway* breed, and then gave Mr. 
 Unthank five guineas for a little sow pig of Sober 
 
 * This foundress of the Sol way House blood was sent by Mr. George 
 Donald from Newtown House, near Durham, to the late Mr. Wester 
 Wilson, of Thistlewood. She was a combination of Mason of Chilton's 
 and Ferguson of Catterick's blood, and her daughter, Lady Solway, 
 was a prize winner at the Bristol Royal, as well as at several local 
 shows. Mr. Brown, of The High, had some of the sort, and they pro- 
 duced several fine lengthy pigs. Besides Liberator, Mr. Watson used 
 another of his blood, and also bought Protection (a first at Carlisle and 
 Whitehaven) from Mr. Unthank, for a double dip. into Thormanby. 
 Mr. Watson showed first at the Highland and Agricultural Society's 
 Perth meeting in 1850, and Carlisle, Chelmsford, and Salisbury in 
 1855-57 were his three most successful Royal meetings. He never 
 showed at the Smithfield Club ; but he won two prizes at Bingley Hall, 
 after he gave up The Royal. His piggery was not large, and he had at 
 no time more than four sows, and generally sold their produce at io/. to 
 I5/. off the teat. The breed had a great run while the trade lasted. 
 Mr. Majoribanks gave 25/. each for some sows, and Mr. Wilson (for the 
 Prince Consort and the Duke of Richmond), and Messrs. Crisp and 
 Mangles (a pupil of Mr. Watson's father) had all a taste. Mr. Brown's 
 showing career lasted for nearly twelve years, and the small breed paid 
 him best. Liberator, Lord Wenlock, Thormanby (first at the Norwich 
 Royal), and Wenlock (first at the Newcastle Royal) were his leading 
 boars ; and Liberator went from his styes at a high price to Australia. 
 
86 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Watkins's Thormanby and Wiley blood, which he 
 brought back from Netherscales in his dog-cart. She 
 was crossed in due time with Earl Ducie's Liberator, 
 which proved a rare " nick," both for form and hand, 
 and did a good turn for the small Cumberland Whites. 
 Mr. Watson may be said to owe his heads and hams 
 to Liberator, and his backs to Thormanby, and to 
 make assurance sure, he had double crosses of the 
 sort. Miss West* was quite a prima donna among 
 sows at the Carlisle Royal ; but Faith (by Liberator, 
 out of the Unthank sow) was not only bigger, but 
 more level, and sweeter in the head. The former was 
 never beaten ; and if Mr. Watson could have war- 
 ranted her in pig, he might once have had upwards of 
 40 guineas for her. Faith, Hope, and Charity were 
 his first prize pen of sow pigs under six months at 
 Carlisle, and their names created some comment. 
 " And pray which of these three is Charity ?" said an 
 old lady, after duly adjusting her spectacles, and 
 taking a protracted survey of the pen. " Which is 
 Charity, marm ?" said the attendant, " of course the 
 biggest on 'em is Charity." " My dears," said the old 
 lady, turning to her daughters, " I never saw it just 
 put in that practical way before." Charity was found 
 at the Chelmsford Royal next year with the first prize 
 orange card over her head, and six pigs at the teat. 
 She had only pigged two days before she left Cum- 
 berland, and some of them were sold for ten and the 
 rest for fifteen guineas a piece. The journey knocked 
 her about considerably, and she was beaten soon after 
 by the Duke of Northumberland's sow at Cornhill. 
 " We," " Shall," " Win," was another sample of Mr. 
 Watson's neat nomenclature, and the three made 
 nearly 8o/. at Salisbury two years afterwards. Mr. 
 Fisher amplified the idea into "Advance Quality," 
 
 * Miss West was by Liberator, dam by Jimmy from York. 
 
Mr. Watsons and Mr. Browns Pigs. 8 7 
 
 "Advance Symmetry," and " No Surrender!" and it 
 sank at last into " Aint," " We," " Stunners ?" 
 
 Mr. Watson's were generally of a less and rather 
 finer-boned sort than his neighbour's, Mr. Brown's, of 
 The High, and were kept like his, principally upon 
 new milk and oatmeal and barley mixed. After a 
 fortnight, they would be coaxed into drinking a quart 
 of new milk at three or four times. They would then 
 have a pint at each end of the day, but never more 
 than two quarts. No sleeping draught could be more 
 potent, and sleep is the chief promoter of pork. The 
 Highland and Agricultural Society was Mr. Brown's 
 favourite show sphere, and Liberator, Wenlock, and 
 Thormanby blood his delight. His pigs might often 
 be picked out by the blue spots on their quarters and 
 backs. It was give and take between him and Mr. 
 Watson when they met in the show-ring, and Faith, 
 Hope, and Charity had opponents worthy of them at 
 Carlisle. Mrs. Brown was an excellent home secre- 
 tary in pig matters ; but her husband never knew 
 when to sell. He refused good prices, and brought 
 back sows, tried to reduce them for a year or two, and 
 found them only barren fig-trees after all. Prices 
 went down when he and others were watching for 
 them to go up, and at last 4/. or 5/. could hardly be 
 got, where io/. or I2/. had been given without scruple 
 before.* 
 
 A little further West, and we reach Workington 
 Hall, once the Holkham or Woburn of the North. The 
 late Mr. John Grey had seen a great deal, and spoke 
 much to us of Mr. Curwen and his nephew Mr. Bla- 
 mire.t According to him, the future Tithe Commis- 
 sioner was at that time " a quiet subject, and very 
 much under his uncle." He attended Rosley Hill 
 
 * For a sketch of the Cumberland bacon trade, see "Field and 
 Fern" (South) pp. 326-332. 
 
 For whom in detail, see Dr. Lonsdale's "Cumberland Worthies." 
 
88 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 and nearly all the Northern cattle and sheep fairs, 
 either in person or through his man Armstrong ; and 
 he had not unfrequently eight or ten horses for sale at 
 Newcastle. When he judged he was all for quality, 
 and the next time Mr. Grey met him, " shuffling with 
 his hands in his pockets down Parliament-street to the 
 House," he could not refrain from asking him if he 
 still remembered the heifers (Mr. Grey's own) to 
 which he gave prizes at Kelso in '31. He never 
 judged again, and enclosures and tithe apportionments 
 engrossed him, till after some twenty years of official 
 life he retired a broken-down man to Thackwood Nook 
 to die. 
 
 Mr. Grey had no great belief in Mr. Curwen, but 
 he thought him " very clever," and he thoroughly 
 enjoyed his annual autumn ride to Workington Hall, 
 with his brother farmers from the Tyneside. The 
 preparation of these modern moss-troopers for the 
 Workington carnival was not very extensive. They 
 came clad in the peaceful guise of top boots, or brown 
 breeches and gaiters, and merely carried their slippers, 
 a razor, and a couple of shirts, &c., in front of them. 
 Jobson, from New Town, near Chillingham, would 
 have a quiet day's farming on the road with his old 
 pupil Joseph Dixon, at Broadwath, and discuss with 
 him the merits of " Wetheral" and " Constitution," or 
 the white bull of his " sort." Early next morning the 
 two would set out on their ride together, and there 
 was a good muster of pilgrims to breakfast at Cock 
 Bridge. Workington Hall was reached by midday. 
 There they had two days' farming at The Schooze, 
 and dined in a large wooden booth, where Mr. Stanley, 
 then the great " blue parson" of the West, was the 
 chief speaker. Mr. Curwen was at that time member 
 for Cumberland, and the gathering had rather a 
 political tinge about it. The host was field-marshal, 
 and Mr. Blamire was always there to help him. Every 
 one rode through the fields and saw the ploughs at 
 
Mr. Cur wen's Agricultural Gathering. 89 
 
 work, and scanned the turnip drills, and then came 
 back to finish the business portion of the day among 
 the cattle in the yards, or at the sale of Shorthorn 
 heifers. Mr. Curwen had also a good deal to say on 
 new manures and the subject of salt as an antidote to 
 sheep-rot. It was placed on slates all round the fields 
 for sheep, and the shepherd on his mule with a sack 
 of small blocks of it behind him was quite a feature 
 of the day. 
 
 Mr. Curwen conducted, A.D. 1810, some fattening 
 experiments, for the report of which the Board of 
 Agriculture awarded him a 5O/. prize. His "experi- 
 mental cattle" consisted of a couple of Shorthorns, 
 Herefords, Glamorgans, Galloways, and Longhorns, 
 and a solitary Sussex. The greatest profit was 
 8/. los. \d. on Shorthorn No. 2, which increased in 
 weight from QOst. to I i5st. ; and the second best was 
 6L i6s. 5</. on a Hereford, which began at 6ist. /Ibs., 
 *txid made 28st. /Ibs. In the case of the former, the 
 food, in wnich 6st. 61bs. of oilcake was the only arti- 
 ficial stimulant, cost 7/. i?s. jd^ and in the latter 
 7/. 19^-. nd. ; and each of them was purchased at 43. 
 and sold at 6s. per stone. 
 
 A race of cattle closely akin to the " Hereford rent- 
 payers," but whose origin has never be^n quite un- 
 ravelled, flourished about this period in Cumberland, 
 and were familiarly known as " Lamplugh Hawkies." 
 In his prize essay on the Agriculture of West Cum- 
 berland, Mr. Dickinson thus describes their pecu- 
 liarities : " They were chiefly dark red or brown, and 
 some of them nearly black with white faces and legs, 
 and usually a stripe of white along the back. The 
 eyes were commonly margined by a narrow strip of 
 colour, as if bound about with coloured tape." Our 
 historian adds that they stood low on the leg, with 
 very large carcases, thick joints and hides, and 
 " abundance of neck leather and dewlap." As to their 
 horns, there is no telling what future naturalists might 
 
9O Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 have said from a bison or antediluvian point of view, 
 if Mr. Grey had not explained that the Lorton Long- 
 horns of that period could hardly enter a house until 
 they had acquired the dodge of twisting their heads 
 on one side, so as to arrive at the proper angle of 
 admission. The Longhorns cut a good figure in the 
 Schooze experiment, but they were not sufficiently 
 thrifty to hold their own against the Shorthorns and 
 Galloways, with which the county was gradually 
 overspread. The pure white Lysicks, so called from 
 the Hall of that name, disappeared about the same 
 time, and Mr. Dickinson recalls their fine spreading 
 horns, and that smart figure and carnage, which ren- 
 dered them so valuable for topping the dealer's lots. 
 
 In West Cumberland, Mr. Curwen, thanks to 
 General Simpson, was a Shorthorn pioneer, and the 
 Rev. John Benson who introduced Western Comet 
 and bred Prince Regent and Messrs. Barrow, Mil- 
 ham Hartley, and Thompson, did good service to the 
 cause when the Schooze herd was sold off. The 
 East owed not a little to the West, which sent them 
 " Studholme's Little Monarch," as he was fondly 
 termed, to spread the Regent blood, but, unlike Maxi- 
 mus by Magnum Bonum, he was not a show bull. 
 
 There was not such a thing as a pure Shorthorn in 
 the Vale of Eden when Charles Colling held his great 
 Ketton sale in 1810. The ardour of" Mr. Richardson 
 (great grandfather of the present Mr. Saunders of 
 Nunwick Hall) and Mr. Mat Atkinson was so in- 
 flamed by the news of the average, that they rode 
 off forthwith across Stainmoor to the new Durham 
 land of promise. They made no secret of their mis- 
 sion, and farmers flocked from all parts to see the two 
 white and two roan heifers, which were the upshot of 
 it. The pilgrims drew lots for choice, and Mr. Atkin- 
 son sent his pair to one of the late Earl Lonsdale's 
 bulls. His lordship from very early times had never 
 lacked a good bull at Lowther. The late Mr. Hudle- 
 
Champion Bidls. 91 
 
 ston preserved a tradition (which he propounded at 
 two agricultural dinners), that the Blue Boar of 
 Brougham and the Yellow Boar of Lowther got loose, 
 and fought in a pen at Penrith, but the yellow 
 bulls of the East and the blue bulls of the West 
 preserved a far more peaceful rivalry. It was 
 a bad day for Cumberland breeders when the 
 Lowther herd was sold, and none have noted the 
 change so much as the jobbers and the show judges. 
 The former always said that they would give away 
 the point of his steers being at times rather thin 
 through the heart, if they could only have another 
 crop of Gainford hind-quarters. It was with this 
 massive red bull, who so especially distinguished him- 
 self as a heifer getter, and was ultimately sold back to 
 Mr. Crofton for 100 guineas, that the bull competition 
 sprung up, which once gave such zest to the country 
 showyards. 
 
 It virtually began with Mr. Buston, of Dolphinby, 
 who came to the county about 1829, and brought with 
 him Crofton's Cripple, and Young Rockingham. At 
 last a proposition was mooted and carried to have a five- 
 guinea sweepstakes at Penrith, and shortly before the 
 day it oozed out that Lord Lonsdale had bought a new 
 bull from Colonel Cradock, at Richmond race-time, for 
 100 guineas, which was to cut everything down. His 
 lordship had not drawn his bow at a venture ; and 
 when the great unknown descended from his van on 
 to the show ground, in the shape of a three-year-old 
 scion of Thorpe and old Cherry, the owners of his 
 opponents too truly foresaw that their chances were 
 quite out Mr. Buston had sent Sir William ; and 
 Priam and Wallace* represented the Denton and 
 Troutbeck herds ; but the fiat of the judges was fully 
 endorsed by the great majority of the spectators, and 
 Mr. Blamire declared in his speech that evening, that 
 he did not think there was a better bull than Gainford 
 in England. However, a different opinion obtained 
 
92 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 next year, at the Carlisle show, where Priam, nothing 
 loth, confronted him again, and Mr. Studholme's 
 Maximus was declared the winner. 
 
 Mr. Sober Watkin was generally pretty handy in 
 the show yard, and Cumberland came boldly out, at 
 Mr. John Maynard of Harlsey's sale, with ninety-five 
 guineas for the yearling bull Chorister, by Velocipede. 
 This bull was let to Mr. Troutbeck, of Blencow, and 
 his calves as well as Wallace's heifers formed a strong 
 item in that gentleman's catalogue when in 1838 he 
 for the first time gave his conventional invitation to 
 his "friends and well-wishers at Blencow, at 12 o'clock, 
 where they may rely upon farmers' fare and a hearty 
 welcome." Old Dorothy Draggletail, by Marmion, was 
 purchased by Mr. Parkinson for 29 guineas, and re- 
 named Dorothy Gwynne. Mr. Curwen took Straw- 
 berry (19 guineas), which was descended from a cow 
 bought at Bishop Goodenough's sale. Thus two rare 
 keen judges picked out the cows which afterwards 
 made the herd, and founded two essentially " Cumber- 
 land tribes."* 
 
 We are not going to wander so far as Ravenglass 
 and the grave of Velocipede,t but we must not leave 
 the neighbourhood without a word for the late Cap- 
 tain Spencer, an equally good judge of a greyhound 
 and a Shorthorn. John Irvine, whose good-humoured 
 face and burly form in a green coat and a rough cap 
 are so familiar to every public courser, was his trainer. 
 When " the season," as he styled it, was over he might 
 be seen as busy as a bee, now with the greyhounds, 
 now with the silver pheasants or the fowls, now with 
 Leila, Lizzy, Sappho, Bloom, and the rest of the 
 Shorthorn herd, in fact putting a helping hand to any- 
 
 * The Blencow herd was sold off by Mr. Strafford, in 1859, at an 
 average of $61. I2s. 6d. for 41 head. Twenty-six Gwynnes averaged 
 66/. i6s. gd. 
 
 f See " Silk and Scarlet," pp. 223-26. 
 
The late Captain Spencer s Greyhounds. 93 
 
 thing and everything, just as it came. The Captain 
 used to say that he never heard of him being 
 thoroughly out of temper, except when a brother- 
 trainer came to the kennel, and would insist that 
 Sunbeam's tail was not rightly set on. He might have 
 said what he liked about John himself, but the runner 
 up to King Lear for the Waterloo Cup was too che- 
 rished an object for such critiques. John despised jelly 
 in training, and did not care for flesh. Biscuits dipped 
 in beast's or sheep's head broth were his great specific, 
 but try as he might, he could not get up Sunbeam's 
 muscle for his third Waterloo Cup effort, and he sent 
 a highly-laconic telegram from Altcar announcing the 
 fact to the Captain, who was detained on a special 
 jury at Carlisle. Sunbeam was a delicate dog to train 
 and always a light feeder. He had a mild eye, and a 
 small and beautifully turned head, which might have 
 belonged to a bitch. An open country with drains 
 suited him, as he hated fencing, and would hardly face 
 a gate. His speed was good though not quite first- 
 class, and his work when he got in very level and beau- 
 tiful. John used to watch with such rapture for " the 
 white belly as he cam roond with his hare." The 
 Captain often gave an imitation of John when he ar- 
 rived from the Scottish National, leading Sunbeam 
 with one hand, and carrying the Douglas Cup wrapped 
 up in his handkerchief with the other. The presenta- 
 tion of "the mug" to him on the drive by John was 
 the first intimation he had of his victory. Seagull 
 was a totally different dog to Sunbeam, a great 
 rusher and very resolute, and requiring a very strong 
 hare to steady him down and let a judge see how good 
 he was. His temper was nasty to the last degree. He 
 wouldn't play and he wouldn't let the others play, and 
 he cut "the Seagull crest" all over them to that extent 
 that he had to be muzzled both in kenned and at ex- 
 ercise. 
 
94 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 " A very important toast has been placed in my hands. It is no less 
 a toast than the health of the Lord-Lieutenant and the Magistracy. 
 Well, now, the Lord- Lieutenant is a very celebrated agriculturist, and 
 so great is the interest he takes in agriculture, that he has carried his 
 agricultural improvements to the top of Shap Fells. I believe, gentle- 
 men, that is the ordinary speech to make about the Lord-Lieutenant on 
 these occasions (great laughter). As to the magistracy, ' the great un- 
 paid, ' they have always conducted themselves in a manner honourable, 
 consistent, satisfactory, and disinterested in every way, and we can have 
 no doubt that they will in future continue to do the same (hear hear). 
 That, gentlemen, is, I believe, the proper thing to say about the magis- 
 trates (cheers and great laughter). * * * Now as to draining and 
 the steam plough. There is another thing that wants draining, perhaps 
 more than the land. I think people's minds want draining (cheers and 
 laughter). Get the fences removed ; get the stones removed ; and above 
 all, get old prejudices removed, and steam cultivation will pay." Mr. 
 William Lawson, at the Penrith Farmers' Club Dinner, 1865. 
 
 Mr. Unthank Old Cherry and Captain Shaftoe Nunwick Hall 
 Among the Herd wicks Mr. Crozier's Hounds Wetheral Farlam 
 Hall and its Greyhounds The Brampton Coursing Meeting. 
 
 MR. UNTHANK is a familiar figure to the fre- 
 quenters of our shows, not exactly from the 
 white bulls of Chillingham to the pilchards of 
 Penzance, but at all events from the Tweed to the 
 Medway, and in the Isle of Man. He gave up his 
 Galloways about 1834 in favour of Venus, by Crof- 
 ton's Cripple, and old Cherry came on to the scene 
 at Netherscales about the beginning of 1843. She 
 was calved in the summer of '28 : but nature seemed 
 to have exhausted itself, and she was tied up to feed. 
 For years she had been a sort of heroine in Mr. 
 Unthank's mind, although he had never seen her ; 
 and when, by the merest chance, he heard of her 
 doom, he set out at once for Yorkshire, in quite a 
 spirit of knight-errantry, and bought her, with her 
 
Mr. Unthank. 95 
 
 fifteen years on her head, for nearly twice as many 
 pounds. He had rather a weary time of it getting her 
 across the Westmoreland moors, and the venture did 
 not look very hopeful, as her first calf " Wonders" 
 was a very bad one. Captain Shaftoe* had arrived 
 at Netherscales the same year, and the cherished 
 object appeared at last on September 4th, 1845, in the 
 shape of his daughter, Queen of Trumps. The old 
 cow was so weak after calving, that when Mr. Unthank 
 left her to fetch a drink, she fell sideways on to her 
 calf, and nothing but the greatest care and incessant 
 
 * This bull's history was a less chequered one. Mr. Unthank had 
 become deeply smitten at Richmond with his short legs, rich quality, 
 and gay looks, when he was the first-prize yearling of the Yorkshire 
 Agricultural, against Belleville, Cramer, and Belted Will ; but there was 
 no little difficulty in persuading Mr. Lax to part with him for 200!. 
 The late Mr. Benn, always enthusiastic in the shorthorn cause, lent the 
 Lowther van, and as Mr. Unthank sold " The Captain" after a couple 
 of seasons for a loo/, advance to Mr. Loft, of Lincolnshire, his second 
 Richmond thoughts proved as good as his first. Mr. Parkinson, of 
 Leyfields, gave the last bid of 325 guineas for him at the Trusthorpe 
 sale, and won in the aged class with him at the Northampton Royal, the 
 same year that his half-brother, Baron Ravensworth, gained that honour 
 among the yearling bulls. After coming second to Mr. Bates's First 
 Duke of Oxford, at the Yorkshire show of that year, he changed hands 
 a fourth time, for 140 guineas, to Mr. Smith, of West Razen, who kept 
 him for five years, and then sold him to his brother, in whose hands he 
 died. He had a great propensity to fatten, and got his cows very good 
 and compact, but rather too small. Prince Imperial, a winner, and a 
 very neat little bull, with a good deal of his blood on both sides, was at 
 Netherscales on the day of our visit, fresh from beating the "swell 
 racing bull," Mr. Wetherell's Statesman, and a large field at Cold- 
 stream ; and Master Hopewell, who was quite a " silky laddie" in his 
 coat, and bred by Mr. Barnes, was in the stall which Booth's Benedict 
 and Freemason have both held in their day. Daphne Gwynne was also 
 there, and equal to upwards of 26 quarts a day in the height of the 
 grass ; but Valiant and Emily (the dam of the celebrated Emma) had 
 been sold to Colonel Towneley, Blue Bell to Mr. Douglas, and Em- 
 peror Napoleon to Sir Charles Tempest, and since then Mr. Unthank 
 has gone in steadily for Booth. On one occasion he all but " skinned 
 the lamb, " when the " Cumberland and Westmoreland" met at Appleby, 
 by taking nine animals, and getting eight firsts and one second ; and 
 the defeat of the prize heifer of this Society, and the Carlisle prize heifer 
 of the year as well, by Baroness Amelia, at Penrith, was his last achieve- 
 ment in the ring. 
 
94 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 " A very important toast has been placed in my hands. It is no less 
 a toast than the health of the Lord-Lieutenant and the Magistracy. 
 Well, now, the Lord-Lieutenant is a very celebrated agriculturist, and 
 so great is the interest he takes in agriculture, that he has carried his 
 agricultural improvements to the top of Shap Fells. I believe, gentle- 
 men, that is the ordinary speech to make about the Lord- Lieutenant on 
 these occasions (great laughter). As to the magistracy, ' the great un- 
 paid,' they have always conducted themselves in a manner honourable, 
 consistent, satisfactory, and disinterested in every way, and we can have 
 no doubt that they will in future continue to do the same (hear hear). 
 That, gentlemen, is, I believe, the proper thing to say about the magis- 
 trates (cheers and great laughter). * * * Now as to draining and 
 the steam plough. There is another thing that wants draining, perhaps 
 more than the land. I think people's minds want draining (cheers and 
 laughter). Get the fences removed ; get the stones removed ; and above 
 all, get old prejudices removed, and steam cultivation will pay." Mr. 
 William Laivson, at the Penrith Farmers' Club Dinner, 1865. 
 
 Mr. Unthank Old Cherry and Captain Shaftoe Nunwick Hall 
 Among the Herdwicks Mr. Crozier's Hounds Wetheral Farlam 
 Hall and its Greyhounds The Brampton Coursing Meeting. 
 
 MR. UNTHANK is a familiar figure to the fre- 
 quenters of our shows, not exactly from the 
 white bulls of Chillingham to the pilchards of 
 Penzance, but at all events from the Tweed to the 
 Medway, and in the Isle of Man. He gave up his 
 Galloways about 1834 in favour of Venus, by Crof- 
 ton's Cripple, and old Cherry came on to the scene 
 at Netherscales about the beginning of 1843. She 
 was calved in the summer of '28 : but nature seemed 
 to have exhausted itself, and she was tied up to feed. 
 For years she had been a sort of heroine in Mr. 
 Unthank's mind, although he had never seen her ; 
 and when, by the merest chance, he heard of her 
 doom, he set out at once for Yorkshire, in quite a 
 spirit of knight-errantry, and bought her, with her 
 
Mr. Unthank. 95 
 
 fifteen years on her head, for nearly twice as many 
 pounds. He had rather a weary time of it getting her 
 across the Westmoreland moors, and the venture did 
 not look very hopeful, as her first calf " Wonders" 
 was a very bad one. Captain Shaftoe* had arrived 
 at Netherscales the same year, and the cherished 
 object appeared at last on September 4th, 1845, in the 
 shape of his daughter, Queen of Trumps. The old 
 cow was so weak after calving, that when Mr. Unthank 
 left her to fetch a drink, she fell sideways on to her 
 calf, and nothing but the greatest care and incessant 
 
 * This bull's history was a less chequered one. Mr. Unthank had 
 become deeply smitten at Richmond with his short legs, rich quality, 
 and gay looks, when he was the first-prize yearling of the Yorkshire 
 Agricultural, against Belleville, Cramer, and Belted Will ; but there was 
 no little difficulty in persuading Mr. Lax to part with him for 2oo/. 
 The late Mr. Benn, always enthusiastic in the shorthorn cause, lent the 
 Lowther van, and as Mr. Unthank sold " The Captain" after a couple 
 of seasons for a zoo/, advance to Mr. Loft, of Lincolnshire, his second 
 Richmond thoughts proved as good as his first. Mr. Parkinson, of 
 Leyfields, gave the last bid of 325 guineas for him at the Trusthorpe 
 sale, and won in the aged class with him at the Northampton Royal, the 
 same year that his half-brother, Baron Ravensworth, gained that honour 
 among the yearling bulls. After coming second to Mr. Bates's First 
 Duke of Oxford, at the Yorkshire show of that year, he changed hands 
 a fourth time, for 140 guineas, to Mr. Smith, of West Razen, who kept 
 him for five years, and then sold him to his brother, in whose hands he 
 died. He had a great propensity to fatten, and got his cows very good 
 and compact, but rather too small. Prince Imperial, a winner, and a 
 very neat little bull, with a good deal of his blood on both sides, was at 
 Netherscales on the day of our visit, fresh from beating the "swell 
 racing bull," Mr. WetherelPs Statesman, and a large field at Cold- 
 stream ; and Master Hopewell, who was quite a "silky laddie" in his 
 coat, and bred by Mr. Barnes, was in the stall which Booth's Benedict 
 and Freemason have both held in their day. Daphne Gwynne was also 
 there, and equal to upwards of 26 quarts a day in the height of the 
 grass ; but Valiant and Emily (the dam of the celebrated Emma) had 
 been sold to Colonel Towneley, Blue Bell to Mr. Douglas, and Em- 
 peror Napoleon to Sir Charles Tempest, and since then Mr. Unthank 
 has gone in steadily for Booth. On one occasion he all but " skinned 
 the lamb, " when the " Cumberland and Westmoreland" met at Appleby, 
 by taking nine animals, and getting eight firsts and one second ; and 
 the defeat of the prize heifer of this Society, and the Carlisle prize heifer 
 of the year as well, by Baroness Amelia, at Penrith, was his last achieve- 
 ment in the ring. 
 
98 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the hills was won at last, and the holly berries near 
 Buttermere Church (which has been built afresh, and 
 has been duly cut and scribbled upon by tourists) 
 foretold Christmas Eve. Hollies also formed quite a 
 dark emerald parapet to a hand-bridge, as we followed 
 the side of the lake. The Scotch firs were mirrored 
 in its waters ; and as the bitter wind went through 
 them, and mingled its sigh with the roar of the water- 
 falls, it seemed as if we had come to the shore of a 
 dreary, unknown sea, which breaks eternally on the 
 shingle, and never ebbs or flows. There was a snug 
 home amid trees and shrubs, with some well-to-do 
 wethers in its meadow, and then, again, there was 
 nothing but dark waters and a leaden lack-lustre sky, 
 while the comment of a native, " We've no corn only 
 a few acres for taties" made things seem drearier still. 
 
 Mr. Nelson lives at Gatesgarth, at the head of the 
 lake. Knights of the Garter sit with their banners 
 over their stalls, and this celebrated breeder of Herd- 
 wicks is somewhat in the Windsor-Chapel fashion. 
 Three beams and the cornices of his best parlour are 
 covered with the prize-cards and rosettes of victories, 
 which he has won in the show-yards during six-and- 
 twenty years. There are some three hundred in all 
 with the blue and orange cards of the Newcastle 
 Royal, signed by " Brandreth Gibbs" The. rest have 
 been won principally at Cockermouth, Keswick, and 
 Whitehaven, and " I have had my share," as he 
 modestly says, " at Fell Dales." Red rosettes pre- 
 dominate, mingled with magenta ; Whitehaven sports 
 " true blue ;" and Keswick is faithful to the tricolour. 
 There is such a profusion of them, that " a year or 
 two have got missed, and thrown into cupboards 
 somewhere." The head of the departed tup, Thou- 
 sand-a-Year, was away at the curer's, and hence there 
 was nothing in the shape of still life, save that of a 
 frosty-nosed gimmer. 
 
 Cumberland and Westmoreland, and a very small 
 
Among the Herdwicks. 99 
 
 portion of Lancashire, may be said to monopolise the 
 Herdwicks ; and Eskdale, Wasdale, Buttermere, 
 Ennerdale, and Loweswater meet in peaceful rivalry 
 at the Fell Dales Association. Shap and Ulverston 
 knew them well. 
 
 " Secure they graze, 
 Around the stones of Dunmail-raise," 
 
 where the last king of Rocky Cumberland set up his 
 mountain throne ; and they wander over the slopes of 
 Skiddaw and Saddleback, and the south-west side of 
 Cross Fell. The scattered and primitive "statesmen" 
 who hold the slopes of Helvellyn and Loughrig, or 
 till the small farms near Grasmere and Langdale 
 Pike, consider them as worthy rivals to the Lonks, 
 and steadily disdain a cross. Once upon a time there 
 was such a difference between the sheep bred "Above 
 and Below Derwent," that they had separate classes 
 on the Fell Dales day. Gradually, however, the Above 
 Derwent men, by taking pains and not sparing their 
 hay in winter, went up to their rivals' heads, and in 
 the county tongue they " have now got to be maister" 
 There are occasionally as many as forty Fell Dales 
 exhibitors, and some of the largest will bring a 
 hundred sheep with them, " of one mark or another" 
 and show them for prizes or sweepstakes. 
 
 Of their origin we have no very clear account, but 
 there is a local belief that the progenitors of the race 
 escaped from a Spanish ship, which was wrecked 
 near Morecambe Bay. At all events they picked 
 their country well, and have established their name 
 so surely from a perfectly wonderful endurance of 
 short commons, that some of the flocks numbered 
 between seven and nine hundred ewes. Blackfaces 
 have been tried, but the ewes more especially failed, 
 in consequence of the climate and the scanty nature 
 of the grass ; and there is the same tale to tell of 
 the Cheviots. In fact, it has been found impossible 
 to farm against the Herdwicks, which have been im- 
 
 H 2 
 
TOO Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 proved in some hands into " a thick, foody sheep," 
 with points which a few years ago might have been 
 looked for in vain. 
 
 Each fell preserves the same ear-mark for genera- 
 tions, and the farmer takes to the flock with his farm, 
 and leaves it at a fresh valuation (which very much 
 depends upon whether he has given them hay or not) 
 to his successor. All the marks are registered in a 
 quarto Shepherds' Guide for Cumberland, Westmore- 
 land, and Lonsdale North, and the flockmasters meet 
 annually at Kirkstone Top for the exchange of the 
 sheep which have gone astray during the course of the 
 year. The star on the face or the far side, as at Coat- 
 how, is among its symbols ; and one which " is just a 
 raven clapped on near side," typifies 
 
 " Ravencrag black as the storm." 
 
 Red pops on the crown and tail head have their con- 
 ventional significance, and so have strokes over the 
 fillets ; while, except in the case of Ravencrag, the 
 ears are generally cut or keybitted or under-keybitted, 
 or cropped, till very little of the original is left. The 
 mark on the Gatesgarth side is both ears cropped and 
 a pop on the tail head. " Twinters " or shearlings 
 have a red pop on the head, and wethers a black pop 
 in all flocks. Sometimes the tails or the top of the 
 head are all red, or the ear will be " square forked " or 
 cut at three. 
 
 So marked, they wander away into " the land of 
 mist and snow " over the fells (where there is often 
 nothing but " the water deal" to show the boundaries 
 of the different farms), and live there half the year.* 
 
 * " The flocks are sometimes the property of the landlord. On entry 
 on to the farm, or on the 5th of April, "viewers" on each side, usually 
 neighbouring farmers well up to the work, are appointed who report on 
 the various numbers and classes, such as rams, ewes, wethers, and hoggs, 
 specifying the proportions, with the value of each per head. The tenant 
 gives bond for the value, and is to deliver similar numbers of like value 
 
A mong the Herdwicks. i o i 
 
 Still they do not stray very far from their own haunts, 
 and by way of saving trouble and enabling the ewes 
 to make for the tup, he is generally ruddled. The 
 loss on such perilous rambles is by no means slight, | 
 and fifty out of six hundred ewes is not thought a 
 very large percentage. Some are clumsy, or venture 
 in a hard time too far on to the rock edge for a few 
 fresh " pickles," and a sudden blast clicks them off. 
 The farmer can watch them tumbling more than half 
 a mile from the top of Honister Crag, and we have 
 seen three ewes lying dead at its foot together. When 
 they survive such perils they have been known to live 
 to eighteen and even beyond. It is in their ability to 
 tide through a Siberian winter that the real "blue 
 blood" of the Herdwick comes out. Sometimes they 
 are so snowed up on the hill side that it is impossible 
 to get at them, and they can do little more than scratch 
 
 and condition, or make good any deficiency at the end of his tenancy. 
 In other cases the sheep-stock belongs to the tenant, who, nevertheless, 
 takes and leaves them at a valuation, as if once the ' heaf be lost it is 
 difficult to recover. The right of common of pasture is appurtenant to 
 the ancient tenement, and is described in letting a farm as unlimited. 
 * * * Those having most land adjoining or near the fell, and living 
 convenient to it, will take more than their proper share, so long as 
 human nature remains as it is, and always has been, while those further 
 off must be content with less or nothing. The keen competition amongst 
 the stock-owners and shepherds now and then leads to sheep-hounding, 
 worrying, assault and battery, and work for the lawyers. Among the 
 old hands, Sunday is often the favourite day for a quiet dogging of the 
 neighbours' sheep off the best ground. The sheep have" wit enough from 
 experience to move off sharply on hearing the whistle of the hostile 
 shepherd, without waiting for his dog. As a general rule, each flock 
 knows and keeps its own 'heaf,' or particular part of the common, 
 usually known by pretty well-defined boundaries, such as a 'skye,' 
 prominent rock, or a watershed, but this is a mere matter of convenience 
 only ; there is no exclusive privilege, the whole common is open, and 
 sheep can be turned on any part so long as there is no ' dogging' or 
 driving off others. The Herdwicks in particular possess a strong natural 
 instinct in keeping to the heaf where they are yeaned, and have been 
 known to return thereto from very long distances, crossing rivers and 
 other obstacles, sometimes with the lamb following." Crayston 
 Webster's Prize Essay on "The Farming of Westmoreland," R. A. 
 Society's Journal, vol. iv. pp. 13-14, second series. 
 
IO2 Saddle and Sir loin. 
 
 for a bit of dead bracken. In a storm they are excel- 
 lent generals, forming themselves into solid squares on 
 the most exposed part of the hill until it sweeps past, 
 and then trying to trample down the snow by a com- 
 bined movement.* 
 
 If the wethers are left till they are four or five years 
 old with only mountain fare, they will average about 
 I2lbs. a quarter and the ewes from 81bs. to lolbs. 
 " The better end " of the former are generally sold out 
 at from 25 s. to 30^., whereas a few years since, I/, was 
 quite a " rest-and-be-thankful " price. The fleeces 
 have also moved with the times, and are no longer 
 such a curious compound of coarse grey hair and 
 
 * From the end of July till November is the most cheery time for the 
 flock-master. The nip of winter begins about Martinmas, and it. is 
 always the first, and often the middle of June, before the grass is ready. 
 Hence it is no wonder that Herdwick maturity is a thing of slow growth. 
 On the higher fells the ewes have no lambs until they are three years old, 
 or "showing" (to use the Fell Dales term) "more than four broad teeth." 
 They are generally drawn by hundreds, according to their fleece or bone, 
 so as to suit each tup, and are put to as late as possible, so as not to 
 lamb much before May-day, when they are brought off the fell and sent 
 back again with their lambs at the end of three weeks. Except at 
 lambing and tupping times, wethers and ewes range together ; and the 
 gimmers in the intakes are carefully "clothed up." If 560 lambs can 
 be got from 600 ewes it is a great matter of congratulation. The lambs 
 suck until October 4th, and are then taken to the lower ground, and 
 after receiving their " hogg" title with the butter and tar, they are sent 
 away to milder climates for the winter Arable farmers will take them 
 in at 3-r. 6d. per head up till March 25th, but as it is' such an especial point 
 to place them out near the sea, prices will run up to five or six shillings. 
 They are stationed all along the coast from St. Bees' rocks, southwards 
 to Ulverston, but still many flock-masters only send their "tops" and 
 "tails," and let the " middles" take their chance on the intakes. The 
 sickness from which the hoggs suffer, and for which "a change to the 
 salt water" seems the only cure, is like blackwater in calves, and of all 
 durations from half an hour to two days. 
 
 The choice of the cast ewes does not depend so much on age as on 
 selection and the wants of the customer, and they will vary from 2or. to 
 23.?., but a great many are sold for 17^. or iSs. For a picked lot of 
 twenty in a dear time as much as 30^. has been got. Many of them go 
 off into the lower enclosed commons about Lorton, Wythop, Embleton, 
 c., which have been well limed and drained ; and the lambs, of which 
 they have sometimes three crops by a Leicester, will make their i61bs. 
 
Among the Herdwicks. 103 
 
 kemp. If there are a few grey hairs now " it sars the 
 buyers to talk about," which is something gained. 
 They vary very much, according to the severity of the 
 winter, from I Jibs, upwards ; and Mr. Nelson's Royal 
 Newcastle prize wool averaged 5 Jibs, unwashed from 
 five-year-old wethers. The fleece, which is coarse and 
 open, is divided into two or three qualities, as the 
 hecklings and breechings cannot be used with the rest. 
 Kendal, where monthly sales by auction have been 
 established, is the great mart for it, and i8s. gd. per 
 stone is thought a good price. Much of it is used 
 for coarse woollens and rugs, and it often returns 
 to its native dales in the shape of full cloth suits 
 
 or I7lbs. a quarter as well-fed shearlings. "What will they say at 
 Cockermouth?" is a question which has long since lost its political 
 meaning, but still it is never out of the dalesman's head, as that little 
 town is their auction mart, both for fat and store sheep, each autumn. 
 
 The face and legs of the breed are speckled, or rather grey mottled, 
 and become greyer and whiter with age. If the face is grey, it should 
 shade off to white towards the nose to suit the keen Fell Dales critic. 
 Tups have generally two or three curls to their horns, and the absence 
 of horn in a female is not a desirable sign. The horns should be white 
 and " slape," not too small or too close, and rising well out of the back 
 of the head. A light grey or ' ' hoar frost nose" betokens constitution, 
 and the nostrils should be wide and strong, and affixed to a long and 
 bold head. The ears should be white and sharp, and stand well up, as 
 any tendency to droop betokens a want of spirit to grapple with hill life. 
 A good eye, a broad forehead with a tuft on it, and a rustiness about the 
 poll, are all solid requirements, as well as wool up to the ears, and 
 good " heckling," which in some tups looks like a lion's mane. It is 
 also one of the flock-master's chief aims to get them aS wide as possible 
 between the fore-legs, and with a broad breast placed well forward, as 
 the forequarter is chiefly relied upon both for constitution and the scales. 
 The knees should also be strong, and " the bone thin to the fetlock, 
 and then a big white foot to follow." Despite the difficult ground 
 which they have to traverse, the best breeders try to get them well filled 
 in behind the shoulders, and round in the rib, and the less false rib they 
 have the greater their power of bearing hunger. There is a tribe 
 amongst them which has fourteen ribs, and these are preferred whenever 
 they can be got. They should also be straight on the hind-leg and 
 well muttoned down to "the camerals" or hocks, while the tail should be 
 thick at the root, and just long enough so as never to want cutting. 
 These are the show points, but the majority of flocks fall very far short 
 of them. Royal Agricultural Society's Prize Essay (H. H. D.). 1866. 
 
104 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 for the winter. Clipping day in July is the dales- 
 man's only festival of the year; and the flockmasters 
 all make a point of coming to help each other. There 
 is generally a good deal of arguing as to which has 
 the best tup, but " it is all agreeably settled over a 
 glass and a pipe." They also discuss the prowess of 
 " the Patterdale dogs," nine couple of foxhounds and 
 four terriers (which Mr. Marshall sends over for a fort- 
 night at intervals to keep down the foxes), and they 
 pass the rest of the time with " cheerful bits of sangs," 
 and in drinking " Confusion to the Scab " and " Pack 
 Sheets and Ready Money," until the barrel of nut- 
 brown ale is ready for turning at last. 
 
 Mr. Nelson's father was originally shepherd to Mr. 
 Marshall, and he and his son had a sheep farm at 
 Loweswater Church Stile. The son has occupied 
 Gatesgarth for some twenty years, and holds his fell 
 under Lord Leconfield and Mr. Marshall. He and 
 his three sons work the flock, and use dogs, mostly 
 black, and descended from an old bitch, which had 
 1 02 pups in her time. She was of " old Geordie Nel- 
 son's breed," and quite a public character on a Fell 
 Dales day. " Bright " and " Blink," her lineal descen- 
 dants, are in full force, now with the " Up Bank ! " 
 and " Down Bank ! " business, for which prizes are 
 given annually at Kirby Stephen. Mr. Nelson lets 
 about 100 tups at all prices, from 2 guineas to 5 guineas, 
 and the selling tariff rages as high as 12 guineas. For 
 very noted tups more can be got, and Thousand-a- 
 Year brought $o/. His g.g.g g.d. won at Ennerdale in 
 1845, an d his g.g.g.d. lived till she was eighteen, and 
 then died from an accident. This monarch of the 
 lakes (who got his lambs rather dark-necked) is brother 
 to Prince Talleyrand, and their own sister is dam of 
 " Joe, the Gatesgarth Champion." Joe " could always 
 bang the rest," save once, when he was second (a posi- 
 tion which his uncle, Prince Talleyrand, held five 
 times over to him) ; but " he was not in fettle," and 
 
"Lai Jack? 105 
 
 could not go to the Newcastle Royal. Mr. Allan 
 Pearson's " Blue Joe " is by Joe, and the blood is so 
 diffused through the dales, that Mr. Nelson is " almost 
 beat to get a tup not akin to him." The Joe ewes 
 have been great winners in his hands, and it is upon 
 them rather than tups that he depends on show-days.* 
 Old Talleyrand, with his somewhat coarse coat, and 
 mane like a lion, came out of his pasture to greet us. 
 So did General, who had more of the Exmoor style 
 about him, and a very pretty lot of prize ewes. 
 
 Pure-bred shorthorns have found their way to this 
 quiet lake-head. Cent.-per-Cent., by Booth's Wel- 
 come Guest, came, as his smart name would almost 
 denote, from Mr. Jefferson. St. George was there 
 from Nunwick Hall, and the herd were " as far bred 
 as a deal of folks," which is true enough. They have 
 won at Keswick and Cockermouth, and walk the 
 twelve miles to victory in the good old fashion. De- 
 licate as they may be deemed, there were turkeys in 
 the farmyard, and there, too, was " Lai Jack," from 
 Borrowdale, one of the most affectionate of foxes. 
 He is generally kept on porridge to prevent any 
 offensive smell ; but he seemed on that day to have 
 had a slight dividend from the Christmas black- 
 pudding preliminaries. The lake foxes are a great 
 nuisance, and Mount Beale in Burton's Combe is per- 
 
 * Mr. Nelson showed but did not win at the Carlisle Royal, where 
 Mr. Robinson, of Orton, swept the board. Among the other great 
 breeders and showers are Mr. George Irving, of Wythop Hall (the 
 owner of Sportsman, of Mr. Allan Pearson of Lorton's breed) ; Mr. T. 
 Pearson, of Ennerdale ; Mr. George Brown, of Troutbeck, Ambleside ; 
 Mr. William Robson and Mr. Robert Briggs, of Wasdale Head 
 ("master of them all once"); Mr. Allan Pearson; Mr. C. Rawson, 
 of Nether Wasdale ; the Ritsons of Caldbeck ; Mr. John Tyson, of 
 Gillerthwaite, Ennerdale ; Mr. John Tyson, of Torr House, Ennerdale ; 
 Mr. Joseph Roger, of Threlkeld, Eskdale ; Mr. Ralph Tyson and Mr. 
 John Birkett, of Seathwaite, Borrowdale ; Mr. John Clarke, of Butter- 
 mere ; and Mr. John Sanderson, of Thornthwaite, near Keswick, &c. 
 Of these, Mr. John Tyson will lamb from 800 to 900 ewes, Mr. Nelson 
 about 600, and the rest from 500 to 400. 
 
1 06 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 fectly honeycombed with earths. Two of Mr. Nelson's 
 sons were off to blast a burn at Burnscarth, to try and 
 recover a terrier which had been lost to sight for five 
 days after a fox. Its two companions had gradually 
 backed out of the earth, and just as we were talking 
 of " Dandy," he limped up, a perfect skeleton, and very 
 sore from the in-fighting. A fell fox, which Mr. 
 Jackson Gilbanks describes as being " fierce as a tiger, 
 and long as a hay-band, and with an amiable cast of 
 features very like the Chancellor of the Exchequer," 
 is very bad to kill " top o' t' ground," and still worse 
 when he gets into a burn. Not long since a single 
 foxhound ran one till both could hardly trot, down 
 to Gatesgarth, and into the lake, where, greatly to the 
 foxhound's relief, " Bright" gave the finishing throat- 
 nip. 
 
 Old John Peel was for many years the hunting hero 
 of Cumberland ; and Cumbrians, who never met 
 before, have grasped each other's hands, and joyfully 
 claimed county kindred in the Indian bungalow or the 
 log-hut of the backwoods, when one of them being 
 called on for a song, struck up 
 
 " D'ye ken John Peel with his coat so grey?" 
 
 He seems to have come into this world only to send 
 foxes out of it, and liked plenty of elbow-room for his 
 sport. Briton was a very favourite hound ; and when 
 old John died/* and his pack was broken up, young 
 John sent the little black-and-tan to Mr. Crozier, of 
 the Riddings, near Keswick. This gentleman hunted 
 the Blencathra pack while old John was still in the 
 flesh, and the hounds joined drags two or three times 
 on the mountains. Saddleback, which is just behind 
 his home, and " the dark brow of the lofty Helvellyn," 
 
 * " D'ye ken John Peel," &c., is quite the Cumberland anthem, and 
 has been very admirably set to music by Mr. Metcalfe, Chiswick Street, 
 Carlisle, 
 
Mr. Crazier s Hounds. 107 
 
 which fills up the distance as you look from his 
 snuggery window, and flanks the vale of St. John, are, 
 along with Skiddaw, his three great hunting grounds. 
 Still, he is at times all over the lake country, and goes 
 right away into Lancashire. A few years since, when 
 he had been master for more than a quarter of a 
 century, the Cumberland and Westmoreland men 
 gave him a very handsome testimonial. It was a silver 
 tureen, with a mounted huntsman and hounds on the 
 cover, and round the stem some hounds among the 
 fern running into a fox and a hare. The handle of 
 the punch-ladle for punch, not hare-soup, was its 
 more peculiar destiny was the brush of a Skiddaw 
 fox. Poor little Isaac, the huntsman, was not for- 
 gotten ; and he received ten guineas and a " new rig 
 out" of scarlet and green. Two old men, Joshua 
 Fearon and John Wilkinson, each aged 78, who had 
 been, as the Scottish shepherds phrase it, " at a deal 
 of banes-breaking" (i.e., breaking-up a fox) ever since 
 childhood, attended the presentation ; but the senior 
 was John Hodgson, a Nimrod of 84, from near the 
 " ruined towers of Threlkeld Hall," in whose parish 
 hounds have been now kept for more than one hundred 
 years consecutively. 
 
 Mr. Crozier supports the village custom well, and 
 has quite the goodwill of the lake district. He says 
 that, whether he is benighted or hungry, or feels weak 
 with fatigue on the mountains, he never lacks a wel- 
 come from farmer or cottager. The farmers' wives 
 and daughters " walk" the puppies, while the fathers 
 and brothers hunt with him ; and Wordsworth tells 
 of the love of the lakers for a hunt. As in Devon- 
 shire 
 
 " What cared they 
 For shepherding or tillage ? 
 To nobler sports did Simon rouse 
 The sleepers of the village." 
 
 The Blencathra pack has been in Mr. Crozier's 
 
1 08 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 hands for eight-and-twenty years, and he brings up 
 four or five couple annually. He drafts about two 
 couple each season, and since the railway ran so near 
 him, he loses two couple on an average. Ten couple 
 form his regular pack. Soon after he commenced 
 hunting, he had a hound named Butler, which is still 
 spoken of as the crack of the district, for carrying a 
 cold scent down a road. Many of the hounds are 
 kept by the neighbouring farmers ; and when Mr. 
 Crozier went into his yard, and wound his horn for 
 the hunt, the unfailing Butler was the first to come 
 cantering up, Threlkeld way, waving his stern with 
 delight at the prospect of another day's fun on the fell, 
 dasher, Blueman, Briton, Ruffler, Tilter, and Brewer 
 were all good hounds : the last-named would gene- 
 rally lead in his day ; and white Rally, Ruby, Fairy, 
 Young Fairy, and Cruel supported the honour of their 
 sex. 
 
 The pack meet between eight and nine o'clock in 
 the winter ; but from February to May, which is the 
 regular fell season, they cast off at daylight or soon 
 after. Up to Christmas they hunt hares in the vales ; 
 but if they do strike the line of a fox, they never 
 refuse to give him a run for his life. Foxes are often 
 found on Carrock, The Dodd, Castlerigg Fell, Wallow 
 Crag near Derwent Lake, the Armboth Moor, and 
 Naddle Rocks, Barfe, as well as Braithwaite and the 
 Newland Fells, and in Brundholme Wood occasionally. 
 
 The best runs and the largest number of kills are 
 on Skiddaw. Carrock is a great hunting ground ; 
 but its foxes are very hard to kill, as there are so 
 many strong bields or rock earths. Of late years 
 Castlerigg and Wallow Crag have been surer finds 
 than of yore. The foxes are generally dug out when 
 it is practicable, as the farmers have been made 
 anxious about their lambs ; but there are many places 
 whence they cannot be dislodged, unless the terriers 
 are up before they have had time to get their wind 
 
Mr. Crosier s /founds. 109 
 
 again. On an average, ten brace are killed in the 
 season. The field varies from half-a-dozen to two 
 score of pedestrians, according to the population of 
 the district. Horsemen seldom venture, as the bogs 
 and fells would be too much for them. Twelve years 
 ago these hounds ran a fox from Skiddaw, and next 
 morning they were discovered asleep near Coniston 
 Crag. He was found about two P.M., and after two 
 or three rings he went away by Millbeck and Apple- 
 thwaite, past Crosthwaite Church and Portinscale, to 
 Sir John Woodford's cover, from which he stole along 
 Catbells, through all the rocky ground in Borrowdale, 
 then away to Black Hill in Ulpha, where he went to 
 earth about midnight. Some of the shepherds in the 
 Vale heard the pack marking him at the earth, but 
 before they got there he had bolted towards Brough- 
 ton-in-Furness. From point to point, the run was 
 thirty-five miles, and it would be quite safe to add 
 twelve or fifteen more for the rings and the up-hill and 
 down-dale journeys. It was through the most rugged 
 part of the lake district, and no one ever knew whether 
 the fox, like Sir Roger de Coverley, " made a good 
 end of it" in the huntsman's sense of the word. Runs 
 of from three to four hours are not unfrequent, and as 
 the fox, with the open fells before him, is very loth to 
 leave the one on which he was bred, he runs in circles 
 like a hare. They are of all sorts and sizes, and nearly 
 all shades of colour, and in pretty settled' weather the 
 scent is as good, if not better, on the mountains than 
 anywhere else. Tongue is very desirable, and Mr. 
 Crozier's strain of harrier blood enables him to keep 
 his basses and tenors in perfection. 
 
 The Saddleback, or more properly the Blencathra 
 range, has no cover for a fox except the rocks, a little 
 ling, and a few juniper bushes among the heather. 
 The base of Skiddaw, including the Dodd and the 
 Barfe, is best covered with larch and whins. The 
 Castlerigg, Borrowdale, and Armboth Fells have 
 
i to Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 good covers of oak and hazel ;* but the fox prefers 
 keeping to the rocks rather than the woods, and they 
 generally drag up to him rather than chase him. 
 Calm and rather damp weather suits scent best on the 
 high fells, and it will often hold on the hills when it 
 will not do so in the valleys, and vice versa; but scent 
 is such a delicate and difficult problem, that many 
 think that it varies very much with the bodily health 
 of the game. 
 
 Joshua Fearon was the old huntsman, and the one 
 under whom Mr. Crozier graduated, and he still lives 
 hearty and well at eighty. He had a capital voice 
 and good hound language, and knew every move of 
 his game, from a fox to a water-rat Isaac Todhunter, 
 or " Lai Isaac," succeeded him, and hunted the pack 
 for just a quarter of a century. He had " a good 
 deal of Josh's science off," and was always clad in a 
 Lincoln green coat, scarlet waistcoat, and corduroy 
 breeches. The poor little fellow died after a few 
 days' illness of bronchitis in November, and John 
 Porter reigns in his stead. Besides Mr. Marshall's, the 
 Mell Break, the Cockermouth beagles, and the Bow- 
 ness, and Mr. J. Hartley of Moresby's harriers also 
 hunt the lake district. Trail hunts are hardly so much 
 practised as they were. Twenty or thirty years ago, 
 the prizes ranged from 5^. and a pair of couples to 5/. 
 The distance was from five to twelve miles, and Threl- 
 keld Hall Rattler and Stark's Towler, Parker's Rattler 
 and Wilson's Gambler (both Caldbeck dogs), Gilker- 
 son's of Carlisle and Roger's of Preston, were the 
 leading winners. 
 
 But we have dwelt, perhaps, too long on Cumber- 
 land and its associations, and we must pass on to 
 another part of the border land. The brown garron 
 
 * "As far as I am able to judge, larches and Scotch firs grow stunted 
 at an elevation of 1200 to 1500 feet, and hazel, dwarf oak whins, and 
 other native underwood at one of 1000 to 1200 feet." J. C. 
 
Wetheral. 
 
 in 
 
 which did us such good service from The Orkneys to 
 Kensington, is sold, and cropping the Midland pas- 
 tures. There was no need for her in a land of bound- 
 less railways ; the pad was hung up with the macin- 
 tosh as a trophy to the God of Storms ; and valise in 
 hand we book at Wetheral for our English tour. 
 The Carlisle and Newcastle is a patent safety line, 
 more than thirty years old and equal to sixty miles in 
 three hours with punctuality and despatch. Express 
 trains it considers to be a delusion and a snare, and 
 every train, bar one, stops at every station. When it 
 was opened in state, the Mayors of Newcastle and 
 Carlisle returned to the Carlisle banquet in a truck, 
 with sword, mace, and serjeant, protected only from 
 the pour-down by a tarpaulin. Its up and down trains 
 ran for years on the reverse side to every railway in 
 existence. By way of compensation to the pockets of 
 the coachmen and guards, which it originally threw 
 out of work, it engaged them in the latter capacity, 
 and, by way of consoling them, it enacted that they 
 should eschew the conventional green, and stick to 
 white hats and scarlet coats. A neighbouring railway 
 elected a policeman with a wooden leg ; but our old 
 friend was not to be outdone, as it had, years before, 
 selected a man with no legs as station-master, and 
 when the train arrived he rode about the Blaydon 
 platform on a donkey collecting the tickets. 
 
 It is "the leafy month of June" and Corby's woods 
 look down in all their freshness on the Eden below, 
 and seem to fling their shadow over the church, be- 
 neath whose " marble hearse," which the genius of Nol- 
 lekens called into being, their rare old master, Henry 
 Howard, lies buried. Three or four " perpetual cu- 
 rates" have stood in that Wetheral pulpit since the 
 days of Mr. Stanger, that lean and learned sixth 
 wrangler, whom no bishop could tame. Bluff Good- 
 enough or courtly Percy was all one to him ; and if 
 the. latter asked him by circular for a return of the 
 
1 1 2 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 value of his preferment, he only responded by a full 
 list from the Churchman! s Guide of " the sinecures 
 held by your lordship." Morning service and sermon 
 seemed with him a matter of barely an hour and ten 
 minutes, and an egg and a soda-powder formed his 
 Sabbath midday portion. His conversation was not 
 so homoeopathic, but the pace was the same. He 
 was as staunch to his principles as his church brethren, 
 Mr. Stanley and Mr. Ramshay, and on an election 
 morning the Liberals knew without canvassing that he 
 would arrive in his chaise at the Carlisle booth and 
 poll for them in the first ten minutes. John Hodgson, 
 the clerk, was another equally steadfast pillar of the 
 Church, and right proud of his office and his pitch- 
 pipe. His solemn shakes of the head, as he led the 
 responses and the choir, were most telling ; and he 
 took care that there should be no mistake as to his 
 professional status when he wrote to the railway 
 directors for a gate-keeper's place, and assured them 
 that " / and my stout sons can not only keep but carry 
 the gates ; yea even the gates of Gaza? 
 
 A strong taste for letter writing once cost him a 
 world of anxiety. He was one of the parties to a 
 chancery suit, and nothing would serve him, but he 
 must drop a line to Lord Lyndhurst who was then on 
 the Woolsack. No notice was taken of it, but for 
 weeks, one neighbour or another " learned in the law" 
 kept suggesting that he had been guilty of contempt 
 of court, a phrase of dreadful import which " hung 
 about me like a cold." A knot of farmers were wont 
 to make a point of taking counsel with him on the 
 subject among the tombstones before morning service, 
 and as they invariably summed-up with " John, your 
 life's forfeit" his desk-devotions for several sabbaths 
 were of rather a wandering class, and he hardly dared 
 to meet a postman on the week days. But we must 
 quit these parish elders. 
 
 Our first halt was at the Milton Station, and we 
 
Far lam Church. 113 
 
 walked down the line to Kirkhouse, a great coal-mine 
 depot, which old George Stephenson knew well, when 
 he was merely an assistant engineer. He presented 
 the late Mr. Thompson, sen., with his first engine, 
 " The Rocket," and it stood there for many years, 
 and was then sent to the Kensington Museum. 
 Talkin Tarn, where Lord Wensleydale was wont to 
 admire the wrestling " chips" of Dick Wright, is not 
 half a league away, and boating men love to tell how 
 Bob Chambers came to its regatta as a stripling. 
 Alas ! a "weed" sown by wind or birds, or, as some 
 say, by a careless pleasure-seeker, has overgrown the 
 lake, and spoiled the fine reaches where the " Had- 
 away Bob !" was so thrilling. At all events, we may 
 say with Wordsworth 
 
 " The wind had better been asleep, 
 The bird caught in a snare." 
 
 Farlam Church had fallen since we were last there, 
 two dozen years ago, and a new one is built on the 
 knoll above the old graveyard. It was on this " fair 
 hill-side" that Lord Carlisle laid the first stone in one of 
 those summer periods of political leisure, which he spent 
 among his schools and with his neighbours, and ever 
 about his Master's business in and around his beloved 
 Border tower of Naworth. Now that he is gone, many 
 remember fondly how he alluded on that day to his 
 departure for the last scene of his labours in Ireland, 
 and how he asked them sometimes to " Follow me 
 in thought down that silver strip of the Solway you 
 may see from this hill, across the broad waters to the 
 shores beyond, and then remember me in the prayers 
 that you shall put up within the walls now to rise here, 
 that I as well as you may be strengthened and guided 
 for all the work to which our God may call us." 
 
 Behind the church is the mile gallop over which the 
 late Mr. G. A. Thompson's dogs used to take their 
 breathings. The ground has plenty of undulation in 
 
 I 
 
H4 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 it, and they finished on the sheep-hills behind. On 
 the other side of the road, west of the church, is the 
 " Waterloo Ground," with abundance of ditches ; but 
 the trials have generally come off at Brougham. Mr. 
 Thompson lived about half a mile from Kirkhouse, at 
 Farlam Hall, whose beautiful garden, with its rich 
 variations of ground and flower-plots, and its brook, 
 where the water-cress grows, might well divide his 
 allegiance with the long-tails. The latter taste was 
 in-bred, as his father always loved a brace of grey- 
 hounds, and won the first Brampton Cup in 1830 with 
 Burke. Mr. Thompson began in 1846 with a borrowed 
 dog, Clarke's Tindal, at Lytham. He was immensely 
 fast, and on this occasion he had no less than eight 
 undecided courses, and ran up after all. In due time 
 Mr. Thompson began to fight for his own hand, and 
 bred a Brampton Cup winner, Titmouse, by John 
 James Henderson's Nutman, from Merrybird (sister 
 to Emigration). She was a wonderfully clever SQlb. 
 brindle, rather long on the leg, and like Lobelia for 
 lightness "no substance below, and all muscle on 
 the back." Plough-land was her forte, and she ran 
 remarkably well in Scotland, where she divided with 
 Jacobite. 
 
 It was the running of Mariner when a puppy at the 
 Caledonian meeting, when he was put out in his first 
 course, that decided Mr. Thompson .to send Titmouse 
 to him ; but all of the litter save Truth died. Truth 
 (481bs.) was very great over the Ashdown hills ; but 
 she lost her third course in the Waterloo Cup, where 
 the Cumberland men backed her for a hatful of 
 money. Poor John Gill looked the picture of misery 
 on the bank when the fatal flag went up. They have 
 always had a fancy for "Thompson's nomination," 
 and their allegiance has been sorely tried, as Tempest, 
 the first that Mr. Thompson ever ran in the Waterloo 
 Cup, was fourth, Theatre Royal third, and Trovatore 
 fourth. Fate was certainly most coy with Farlam. 
 
Far lam Hall and its Greyhou 
 
 Tirzah (481bs.) was the best of the second Mariner 
 
 and Titmouse litter very quick out of the slips, and 
 
 fastest of all the bitches to the hare. She led Sea 
 
 Foam to the hare when a puppy for the Waterloo 
 
 Cup, and was drawn after an undecided course, and 
 
 ran second to Ewesdale for the Bridekirk Cup. Mr. 
 
 Thompson also bred King Death during the three 
 
 seasons that he hired Annoyance. He had the choice 
 
 of two puppies from her Canaradzo litter, and took 
 
 that nice light runner Tullochgorum and Theresa (who 
 
 never ran in public), while King Death, Armstrong 
 
 Gun, and Gertrude were passed over to Dr. Richard- 
 
 son. Tullochgorum (581bs.) was a Brampton Cup 
 
 winner, and he and Ticket of-Leave (by Bridegroom, 
 
 out of Shepherdess) were in the last three for the 
 
 Altcar Stakes of 60 dog puppies, when Brundritt's 
 
 Burgomaster won. Tullochgorum was very fast and 
 
 clever not a stayer, but a rattling killer, and he gene- 
 
 rally managed it in the fifth or sixth turn before the 
 
 soft spot came out. Ticket-of-Leave (62lbs.) on the 
 
 contrary was " a regular Lanercost for staying," rather 
 
 short in the body, and so savage and determined, that 
 
 he would go on when his feet were almost cut to 
 
 pieces. He was a good Ashdown dog, and he won 
 
 two cups in Whitehaven and Galloway. Mr. Thomp- 
 
 son always considered Tullochgorum the fastest and 
 
 handsomest dog he ever had, and Tirzah his fastest 
 
 bitch, and in their trial the former had the foot of 
 
 the two. 
 
 Theatre Royal (481bs.) was the best friend to the 
 kennel exchequer, and always went best on plough 
 land. She was by Cardinal York, out of Meg-o'-the- 
 Mill, and of the same litter as Princess Royal, who 
 was given away as a puppy. Latterly, she had her 
 liberty, and required little training. As her trainer, 
 Willie Scott, said of Tullochgorum, she was "very 
 easy-minded." She was not long in showing herself, 
 seeing that as a sapling she turned up a hare single- 
 
 I 2 
 
1 1 6 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 handed in great style near Kirkhouse, and she always 
 worked her way up through the ties, and finished 
 first or very nigh, though a trifle deficient in pace. 
 They considered her faster than Trovatore (5olbs.), 
 until their Waterloo trial at Brougham. Trovatore 
 was a very durable bitch, and quite as clever, and 
 decidedly better at Altcar on the grass than at South- 
 port on the plough. Lobelia and she were a " tight 
 fit ;" but, although Trovatore was great when she was 
 " the woman in possession," she had not quite the 
 pace of the Waterloo winner. Sackcloth did a good 
 deal in his Waterloo year, and so did Patent ; but she 
 worked nearly as hard as either of them, and ran well 
 in high company at the Altcar Club, the Waterloo, 
 the Southport, and the Scottish National within six 
 weeks. In her first season she was of no use, and, 
 sad to say, had puppies by a cur dog. She derived 
 her staying power from Ticket-of-Leave (62lbs.), and 
 there was no great hereditary pace on her dam Touch- 
 wood's side, who was a clever killer, and quite a 
 " plough farmer." Touchwood avenged her sister 
 Tirzah's defeat upon old Cheer Boys ; but she came 
 in season too often to train well. Tempest (6olbs.) by 
 Telemachus, out of Governess, was a good puppy, but 
 very hard to train. Sunbeam beat him in the 
 Waterloo Cup when he was only sixteen months old, 
 and he had won at Lowther before that. He was a 
 remarkably savage dog, and very nearly had his pound 
 of flesh out of the cockneys when he went to the 
 London Show. 
 
 Tirzah and Traviata (sister to Animus, and then 
 only a mere whelp), were among the four or five which 
 Mr. Thompson retained when he sold off his grey- 
 hounds at Aldridge's in the spring of '67. All 
 Tirzah's litters, save one, have had a brindle in them, 
 which shows the stain of old Titmouse. It came out 
 in the Terrific litter through Trustee, who was a slash- 
 ing runner in his puppy days, and made the highest 
 
The Brampton Coursing Meeting. 117 
 
 price (60 guineas) at the sale. This colour-lot fell in 
 the Cauld Kail litter on a 29-inch dog, which was 
 tried to be the best of the half-dozen at Brougham, 
 and was no manner of use at the Altcar Club. His 
 own brother, Test Act, divided the Sefton Stakes with 
 Grey Steel at this meeting, and this was the last time 
 that Mr. Thompson ran a dog in public. When we 
 were at Farlam Hall that autumn, his Rather Im- 
 proved saplings from Tirzah were duly ushered in 
 after dinner for inspection, and they were certainly, 
 as he said, " true greyhounds to the eye." He left 
 word for his friends, as he passed through London 
 about Christmas time, that he would see them on his 
 return from Nice ; but it was ordered otherwise, and 
 when we entered Lynn's on the Waterloo Tuesday, we 
 learnt the news of his death. He lies not on " the 
 fair hill-s/de," but far away on the shores of the 
 Mediterranean, and he will always be remembered as 
 the kindest-hearted of men, and one of those genuine 
 coursers who could bear both defeat and victory. 
 
 The coursing is a very great feature of the Bramp- 
 ton year. It was nearly a third of a century since we 
 had been at it, and then it was merely an eight-dog 
 stake, and run off near Naworth Gate. We had good 
 reason to remember it, as it was the first bit of report- 
 ing which we had ever tried. A rough dog from 
 Little Corby won it, which " had trained itsel'," and 
 the owner, to his great amazement, got a five-pound 
 note for it the next week, and attributed it in a 
 measure to the " blazing report" in the paper. A 
 week before thirty shillings would have parted them. 
 Now the venue is shifted to Askerton, some five 
 miles over country on the Bewcastle side. Kingwater 
 is in this district, and it was at a farmhouse there 
 that the celebrated flyer of that name was walked. 
 Coursing is quite a Cumberland weakness ; but we 
 met a couple of farmers en route, one of whom de- 
 clared that he preferred the harriers, and would only 
 
1 1 8 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 plead guilty to one bet, " a glass of cold ale with a 
 publican" on the Cup. The Tile-kiln was in view at 
 last, and the two bits of scarlet among the rushes 
 showed that business had begun, The red cloak of 
 Bella was also a most conspicuous object, and " only 
 second to the judge," as she herself observed. This 
 lively old lady keeps " The Travellers' Rest," some- 
 where near Gilsland, alias St. Ronan's Well, and she 
 appeared here with a basket full of spirits, and paid 
 ten shillings for the vivandiere privilege of following 
 the line of march. The Committee have been obliged 
 to make this rule, as they were annoyed last year 
 with a regular army of sutlers, " They aw ken me 
 weel" said Bella, and certainly Bella makes them ken 
 her. She does use such potent words of exhortation 
 to bachelors, and cracks such jokes on Benedicts, that 
 she may well be a popular character. Her red cloak 
 was quite a banner at last, and really after seeing her 
 ditch-jumping and general performance on all manner 
 of ground, we can take for granted what that vene- 
 rable woman says of herself, at nearly seventy, that 
 " Pse as clean in the shank as ever I was" She adds : 
 " I can loup dykes and climb a hill gey ly w eel yet Fd 
 run ony of the young 'uns, but I must have it doon hill" 
 Askerton Castle, an old Border keep, whose tenants 
 keep open-house during the meeting, is a leading 
 feature of the first day. A great many rushes had 
 been cut since last year, and those which were left 
 produced boundless runs. In fact, one philosopher 
 laid it at ''ten hares to half^a-yacre" in one field. 
 Tullochgorum, Crossfell, Titmouse, and other cracks 
 have all won or divided the Cup here, and Fanatic, 
 who ran up for the Douglas Cup, was among the 
 thirty-two Cup dogs that morning. Strange Idea was 
 a great favourite, and was drawn against Bay Middle- 
 ton, from the Wetheral district. Twice over they had 
 a " No go," and at the third time of asking, Strange 
 Idea didn't seem to run with any fire. The Secretary 
 
The Brampton Coursing Meeting. 1 19 
 
 was his owner, and on the second day his farm-house 
 at Greenburn, where the oat-cake is supreme, followed 
 suit with ^.skerton Castle. Little Watercress, from 
 the Farlam kennel, made capital work when she beat 
 Earl Grey. We were amused at the demurrer which 
 her sub-trainer put in to the suggestion of one of the 
 London Press, that the hare had favoured her in the 
 run-up : "May be; but they 1 II still place themselves with 
 sic gentlemen as yon? Despite the rough and "chancy" 
 ground over which we coursed, the day was an 
 amusing one, and the enthusiasm extended into the 
 very bowels of the earth, as there would scarcely be a 
 man at Messrs. Thompson's colliery who was not in 
 some sweep or other on the two events, and keenly 
 alive to the victories of Destiny and Mabel Smith. 
 
I2O 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 * I wandered through the lofty halls 
 
 Trod by the Percys of old fame, 
 And traced upon the chapel walls 
 
 Each high heroic name, 
 From him who once his standard set 
 Where now, o'er mosque and minaret, 
 Glitter the Sultan's crescent moons j 
 To him who, when a younger son, 
 Fought for King George at Lexington, 
 As major of dragoons. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 This last half stanza it has dashed 
 
 From my warm lip the sparkling cup. 
 The light that o'er my eyebeam flashed, 
 
 The power that bore my spirit up 
 Above this bank-note world, is gone ; 
 And Alnwick's but a market-town. 
 And this, alas ! its market day, 
 And beasts and borderers throng the way ; 
 Oxen and bleating lambs in lots, 
 Northumbrians and plaided Scots, 
 Men in the coal and cattle line ; 
 From Teviot's bard and hero land, 
 From Royal Berwick's beach of sand, 
 From Wooller, Morpeth, Hexham, and 
 Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 
 
 Fitz Greene Halleck. 
 
 Visit to Mr. John Grey Recollections of the Booths and Mary of Bui 
 termere Sir John Sinclair and his Merino Wool The Turbulent 
 Bull Lord Althorp and his Shorthorns A Downing-street Inter- 
 view Newcastle Races, the Slipping Race Sir Charles Monck 
 Woodhorn A Felton Festival From Morpeth to Belford The 
 Wild Cattle of Chillingham The Border Leicesters. 
 
 WE bid good-bye to Cumberland, and look out at 
 parting for the towers of Naworth, and that 
 wooded vale of Lanercost, whose sanctuary moulders 
 in calm decay amid the fertility which it called into 
 being. There are well-known faces at the station for 
 
The Booths and Mary of Buttermere. 1 2 1 
 
 Gilsland, and anon a walk of a couple of miles from 
 Haydon bridge finds us grasping the hand of John 
 Grey of Dilston, a very honoured name in all the 
 North Countrie. To sit with the fine old man was 
 indeed like 
 
 " Converse with old Time ;" 
 
 but we once only had that happiness, and although 
 we often corresponded, we never met again. It was 
 something even for that short space to quarry in such 
 a rich mine of thought and experience. 
 
 He was at Dr. Tate's of Richmond, that renowned 
 " grinder of gerunds," and " digger of Greek roots," 
 along with the two Booths. Richard was stout then 
 and did not care for running, but in water he was 
 " good enough to drown a salmon." He would float 
 miles out to sea, and he would sit and tie his shoes in 
 some of those twelve-feet pools on the Swale. The 
 pair lodged in the market-place at Mis. Gelderd's, 
 who gave them the character of being "both quiet 
 boys." John was not then given to those constant 
 flashes of drollery, which made him the best of all 
 good companie at manhood. Mr. Grey was also with 
 the Rev. William Sewell in the Vale of Lorton, and he 
 entertained the most lively recollections of reading 
 Virgil in the yew tree, and of the steaming brown 
 dishes of potato pot, which every dalesman loves. It 
 was for the latter that the poor students from St. 
 Bees looked out so affectionately at noontide when 
 they served the churches in the lake district, in con- 
 sideration of a hempsack, 2os. a year, and a whittle- 
 gate or free dinner run. Once there came a man who 
 did better at the whittlegate than the service. To 
 explain it in his own words, " I was in such a hurry to 
 be at them with the homily, that I quite forgot the 
 litany." Mary of Buttermere had bloomed when Mr. 
 Grey was at Richmond, but he never failed to tell 
 how, when he visited Lorton and Buttermere again, he 
 
1 2 2 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 danced with her at " a bidden wedding." She was a 
 tall, comely woman with auburn hair flowing down 
 her back, but " a bad partner in a dance, as I was 
 always losing her, when she ran to attend to customers 
 in the bar or look after the oatcake." 
 
 Mr. Grey was the friend of Culley on the Border, 
 and his Richmond school-life secured him introduc- 
 tions to the Collings, Charge, and Maynard. With 
 them he spent his holidays, and when Dr. Tate asked 
 him what they mostly talked about, he replied in 
 classic phrase, " Comet et id genus omne." Farming 
 was in a very rough way when he first learnt it. 
 " There was nothing but foldyard manure ; they 
 hardly knew how to sow away clover seeds. Havre, 
 and Havre again, give it a bit of management, and 
 sow it in barley or its geyly grass prood so just 
 let it lie to rest." Being of a literary turn Mr. Grey 
 was generally engaged with some agricultural report 
 or other, and one of his earliest labours was looking 
 over the proof-sheets of Sir John Sinclair's " Code of 
 Agriculture." He became acquainted with Mr. God- 
 frey Sinclair when he was a pupil with Mr. Jobson. 
 Sir John was great at that time upon Merino sheep, 
 whose price rose considerably during the Spanish war. 
 It chanced that the baronet was visiting at Floors 
 Castle, and every one made a point of handling his 
 coat, which was merino-woven, and of complimenting 
 him on its texture. Sir Harry McDougall, after 
 hearing a discussion upon the wool specimens, 
 declared that he had some as good, and produced a 
 sample. Sir John handled it, and declared that it 
 wouldn't work as there were some coarse hairs in it ; 
 and when Sir Harry was questioned as to what it was, 
 he turned the laugh by saying that he got it out of 
 the pocket of Sir John's own carriage as it stood in 
 the stable-yard. A good deal of jealousy was felt 
 about Sir John, and the story did not fail to circulate. 
 
 In 1833, when he was in his very prime at 47, Mr. 
 
" Grey of Dilston" 123 
 
 Grey was made the Commissioner of the Greenwich 
 Hospital, and his management of the estates, in 
 which he was followed by his son Charles, will 
 always mark an era in Northumberland. No man's 
 mind ever ran less in ruts. " Grey of Dilston" was 
 henceforth a great name in Northern Agriculture, 
 and continued to be so to the last. He was a ripe, 
 good farmer, always among the first to adopt every 
 agricultural improvement, and a thoroughly safe one 
 for tenants to follow. There could not have been a 
 more felicitous choice on the part of the council than 
 when they entrusted him with " The Labouring 
 Classes of the Land n at the Royal Agricultural So- 
 ciety's dinner at Newcastle in '46. He was loudly 
 cheered throughout, and more especially when he 
 argued in favour of leases v. tenancies at will. " We 
 have been told," he said in conclusion, " that there 
 is a limit to agricultural improvement. It will not be 
 reached in our day. So long as we have unimproved 
 land and tenants at will we shall never reach it." 
 
 He began the Tweedside Society, which was ulti- 
 mately blended with the Border as " The Border 
 Union ;" and when he was in his zenith as a shorthorn 
 breeder, he once took the first and second prizes for 
 bulls, or nearly 5<D/. in one day. His herd was prin- 
 cipally built up from General Simpson's North Star 
 (full brother to Comet), and he also bred direct to the 
 Collings through Mr. Donkin of Sandhoe's blood. 
 The General journeyed from Fifeshire to Buxton 
 every summer, and always stopped at Millfield, by 
 Glendale on Tweedside, by the way ; and he died at 
 Ferrybridge on his return. Young Star was the best 
 bull he ever sent to Millfield, and Mr. Curwen and Mr. 
 Blamire could not resist riding over to see him. Some 
 of the Fifeshire farmers pleasantly assured Mr. Grey 
 when he bought him, "Aye ! man, what a price for 
 nowt ! but he's a bonny beast 'an he had been black!' 
 " If he had been black!' said Mr. Grey, to their speech- 
 
1 24 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 less amazement, " Pd not have carried him home" 
 Th* General had bred from Mason as well as Col- 
 ling, but Mr. Grey did not care about the former, as 
 he thought him tricky and all for form, and that 
 his herd became hard in the touch and lacked con- 
 stitution. 
 
 At Lord Althorp's suggestion he wrote the first 
 county essay (on " Northumberland and its Agricul- 
 ture") in the Royal Agricultural Journal. Mr. Grey's 
 intimacy with his lordship arose out of a constant in- 
 terchange of Leicesters and Shorthorns. The Wiseton 
 sheep were small and of Buckley blood, and crossed 
 well with Charles Ceiling's larger sheep, which were 
 then fast occupying the Scottish frontier. Mr. Grey 
 had let the rams of the cross for many years, and the 
 G wethers soon had plenty of butchers on their track. 
 At Wiseton seventy cows and heifers would generally 
 come up to the sunk fence, in front of the dining- 
 room, and Mr. Grey did not need much rousing for 
 "just another look, Grey" It was his lordship's boast 
 that he had reformed his whole stock with Regent, 
 when he was condemned to the butcher as useless. 
 Nonpareil (370 guineas) did him no great good, and 
 he was " never really successful till he got the Chil- 
 tons." Sweet William, Orontes, Wiseton, which 
 figures in the picture of a " Quiet Day at Wiseton," 
 and Ranunculus (the sire of Belinda) were all leading 
 bulls, and so was Usurer, of which Lord Ducie said 
 that he " could give shoulders to anything." Lord 
 Ducie and Sir Charles Knightley were men of like 
 passions, but in Plenipo's year they couldn't resist the 
 Doncaster Cup Day, while Lord Althorp and Mr. 
 Grey went off to look over Mr. Champion's herd at 
 Blyth. Hunting was what Mr. Grey loved best, and 
 he enjoyed it much in his youth with the hounds of 
 Mr. Bailey of Mellerstein. We remember with what 
 keen delight he quoted to us the remark of an old 
 shepherd, upon the riding of one of his grandchildren : 
 
Lord Althorp and hi* Shorthorns. 125 
 
 " It's just yen of those Greys it's in the bluidthey 
 canna help it" 
 
 Lord Althorp came to Millfield to see the agricul- 
 ture of the Tweed, and his keen shorthorn eye never 
 failed to mark a Midas wherever he met one. He 
 hired Duke from Mr. Donkin, and also sent down one 
 of his huntsman's sons to learn how to farm, and turn 
 the penny the right way. " Coke has two or three 
 crack farms," he was wont to say, " where the tenant 
 dare not have a weed ; here there's uniformity, the 
 land's farmed for farming's sake." One of Mr. Grey's 
 stories about a bull delighted him. " Aye ! he's gone 
 again" said the poor man, when he led his visitor to 
 see his bull, and only found a mighty debris of bricks 
 with earth and dead gorse ; " he often breaks out here ; 
 he's like Samson, he carries off the door-posts and a 
 lump of the wall at once ; all our place is so bad, we've 
 not a house that will hold him ; we call him Lord 
 Brougham? The Chancellor of the Exchequer might 
 well say, " I'll tell that story to Brougham, when I 
 get back to London." 
 
 Lord Althorp cared nothing for politics in com- 
 parison with his shorthorns. The Reform banner 
 might 
 
 " Float over Althorp, Russell, and Grey, 
 And the manhood of Harry Brougham j" 
 
 but he loved rather to sit under one at an agricul- 
 tural meeting, which told of " Hoof and Horn" and 
 " Speed the Plough." When Mr. Grey called upon 
 him at Downing-street, and saw " George" as a pre- 
 liminary, the latter remembered him and gave a little 
 dry laugh : " You've come about cows, sir, so you'll not 
 have to wait long'' Sure enough his Herd Book lay 
 beside him on the desk when Mr. Grey was announced, 
 and formed the text for the next half hour. Every 
 Monday morning, his lordship received the most ac- 
 curate budget of what cows had calved during the 
 week, with the calf marks, and he did very little work 
 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
1 26 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 till it was all transcribed into his private herd book. 
 This morning he handed Mr. Grey a letter. " There's 
 a letter" he said, "from Carnegie ; he admires my 
 political course, and he writes from the Lothians to say 
 that I shall have the first refusal of his bull" Then 
 he so characteristically added " I've written to thank 
 him for his political confidence, but I've told him that 
 there is a flaw in his bull's pedigree; he traces him 
 back to Red Rose, but Red Rose never had a heifer calf" 
 At Smithfield or the Royal he would work a whole 
 day in his shirt-sleeves, and at Shrewsbury, the very 
 year before his death, no one bore such an active part 
 in putting the stock into their proper stalls. " Once 
 out of office" he was wont to say, " and they'll never 
 catch me in again" Nothing but the strongest sense 
 of duty bound him to the Exchequer. " I find a little 
 relief on a Saturday night : but on Monday morning 
 I just know how a man feels who'll throw himself over 
 London Bridge''* 
 
 * For more than forty years John Grey of Dilston was a very promi- 
 nent and a very honoured name in the North Country. He was born 
 not far from Flodden Field, and both by his farming success on the 
 Tweed and Tillside, as well as by his political energy on the hustings 
 by the side of Mr. Lambton and Lord Howick, in " times enough to 
 shake a man's soul " if he dared to be a Reformer, he soon took a place 
 in the van. He was just in the prime of life at 47, when he was made 
 Commissioner of the Greenwich Hospital Estates, and he built hi? 
 future home at Dilston, not far from the spot where the last Earl ot 
 Radcliffe lies buried with his head under his arm, and his heart em- 
 balmed at his side. 
 
 No man had enjoyed a finer training, and Earl Grey, Sir John Sin- 
 clair, and Clarkson were among those whom he could call friend. His 
 own deep and abiding sense of religion and regard for his widowed 
 mother moulded him early for the important part which he had to play 
 in life. He honoured John Culley for always asking him to rise early 
 from the Wooller market-table, and to be the companion of his home- 
 ward ride ; and his first public speech was for the Bible Society in the 
 church of that town. In process of time he met with Hannah Annett. 
 He resisted the feeling at first, till a gust of jealousy, on seeing her 
 helped into the saddle by a rival, impelled him in his own decisive way 
 to grasp her pony's bridle, and say some few words which both under- 
 stood. A few months later, and she was riding as his bride from 
 
Lord A Ithorp. 1 2 7 
 
 We bid our old friend good-bye, little thinking we 
 should never meet again, and sped on our way to New- 
 castle. The Tyne was running in a muddy, turbulent 
 torrent beneath the Stocksfield bridge. It once over- 
 
 church in a pale-blue embroidered habit. She was worthy of the hus- 
 hand of her choice ; and so the years go on, till at last he learns 
 abruptly from the lips of his groom that she is dead ; and henceforward 
 the days when she was by his side, and a merry freight of children in 
 the carriage, during those happy woodland rides, seem to the old man 
 like part and parcel of a dream. 
 
 Whatever he did he did with all his might, and he invariably did it 
 well. No man had a finer eye to hounds, or better hands and nerve, 
 whether on Rose of Raby or " the flyer which stands in the stall at the 
 top." In the heat of his Lambton canvass he worked on all day with 
 two fractured ribs. Sir John Sinclair entrusted him to revise the proof- 
 sheets of his "Code of Agriculture;" and even in his 82nd year he 
 delivered a lecture of nearly two hours' length on poetry, at Haydon 
 Bridge. Bone manure, draining, subsoil ploughing, and the application 
 of animal and vegetable chemistry to agricultural objects were his theme 
 in days when to talk of such things was almost enough to stamp a man 
 as a Jacobin and a visionary. He dared to denounce the corn laws as 
 "the parent of scarcity, clearness, and uncertainty," when 99 people 
 out of 100 thought him a man of profane lips for saying so, and Bright 
 and Cobden were mere boys. When he was "up" for a speech, the 
 audience always knew that they would hear some sturdy truths ; but no 
 one was more uncompromising, and yet more full of tact. His oppo- 
 nents might dislike what he said, but they could not object to the lan- 
 guage in which it was clothed. Only a week before his death he 
 mediated in an excellent speech between landlord and tenant, when an 
 offensively couched resolution about game had been passed at the 
 Hexham Farmers' Club. "The Black Prince of the North," as he had 
 been called in his hot political youth, was never in better tune for 
 speaking than at the Newcastle Royal Dinner of '46, and an after- 
 dinner remark of the second Duke of Cleveland's, to the effect that 
 agricultural improvement had reached its utmost limit, drew from him 
 an indignant denial, and a stout argument on tenancies-at-will as against 
 leases. It was in '59 that he spoke what he called his " Peace and 
 Plenty" speech, in which Prince Albert delighted, and his last at a 
 public dinner was made at the Highland Society's meeting of 1867, 
 where he attended as judge. 
 
 As an agent he practised what he preached. Strong as his political 
 predilections were, he never interfered, directly or indirectly, with a 
 voter. The Greenwich estates, when they came into his hand, pro- 
 duced 29,ooo/. clear, and gradually rose, under the draining and other 
 improvements which he planned and carried out, to 4O,ooo/. With the 
 labourers he had peculiar sympathy, and, "let the oppressed go free 
 and break every yoke," was a saying that seemed ever present with him. 
 
1 28 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 flowed the Bywell village to such an extent, that the 
 Fenwick hunters had to be stabled in " The Black 
 Church ; " and it not only drowned a huntsman who 
 
 He did not deem that even the poorest were "born just to be handled 
 by those above them like I/, notes." It was the feeling that "John 
 Grey is a just man" which was the secret of his power. The desire to 
 help every one to the utmost was another great feature in him. During 
 the cattle plague no magistrate was more active ; and although he was 
 past eighty, he would attend every sale, however small, within reach of 
 his home, so that he might spare the buyers the trouble of coming to 
 him to get the papers signed. His powers and his bodily strength 
 seemed unimpaired to the last, although, as he would say, his children 
 and grandchildren, by their affectionate thought for his comforts, whe- 
 her at home or when he went to spend the Christmas at Millfield, 
 would "try to make an old man of me." That task would have been 
 above their hands, with such a tough, square-jawed borderer to deal 
 with. The lecture on poetry the year before he died, beginning as it 
 did with Chaucer and the loyth Psalm, and dealing largely in Sir 
 Walter Scott, the poet of "Teviot's bard and hero land," near which 
 his lot had been cast, was given almost entirely from memory. His 
 bodily force had abated as little as his mental, and when his son would 
 insist, overnight, on sending his luggage down to the railway for him, 
 the sturdy octogenarian rose an hour earlier, packed his big portmanteau, 
 and carried it on his shoulder half a mile to the station. 
 
 In him there was hardly even that "gentle decay" which precedes 
 death. He had a slight ailment, and to his daughter's tender eye there 
 might be an unusual solemnity of manner when he read family prayers 
 on his last night on earth, but still nothing to cause alarm. She ex- 
 changed a few words with him in the morning. " My wants are few, 
 very few," were the last he spoke ; and when she next saw him he was 
 dead, seated on the stairs with "his forefinger raised, as if to enjoin 
 silence, or as if he heard some one calling him." And so every scene 
 in his life, from dawn to sunset, from sunset to the close, is touched, in 
 his daughter's memoir of him, with the same bold and yet tender hand. 
 The last of all was on that wild Saturday before his funeral, when, as in 
 Tennyson's "Dead Earl," "the wind was howling through turret and 
 tree," the very window-panes broken with a crash, the glass shivered 
 about the floor, and the white sheet which had been thrown over the 
 corpse blown rudely away. Sunday came in calm and clear, and 
 hardly stirred a leaf of the bright, shining evergreen with which daugh- 
 ters' hands then wreathed his coffin. "He looked so grand when he 
 was dead," with that union of tenderness and strength in the whole out- 
 line of his head and face which was the key to his successful manhood 
 and his honoured old age. He has gone to his rest, but the impress of 
 his practical knowledge and broad aims will be seen and remembered 
 for many a long year in the " Sweet Glendale" of his earlier days, and 
 the rich vale of the Tyne. 
 
Mr. Atkinson, Peepy. 129 
 
 tried to cross, but it carried him (so the villagers vow), 
 by the force of its current, right across the German 
 Ocean, and cast him up, with his horn still slung over 
 his shoulder, on the beach at Ostend. A short cut 
 over the Park in which Matchem and The Duchess 
 took their breathings, and won upwards of twenty 
 thousand, both at the post and in the paddock, when 
 Fenwick was Lord of Bywell leads to Mr. Atkinson's 
 farm, more commonly known as " Peepy." It belongs 
 to Mr. Beaumont, the member for the southern divi- 
 sion of the county, who lives at Bywell Hall, and it 
 includes the Park in its seven hundred acres. Three- 
 sevenths of it are in grass, and the Park, which, judg- 
 ing from the limits of the old course, was hardly thirty 
 acres in Matchem's day, has now swelled to a hundred. 
 
 The brothers Atkinson are by no means the pio- 
 neers of Shorthorns in this particular spot. Styford 
 High and Low Woods recall to a Herd Book ear the 
 memory of " Jobling's old sort." A narrow strip be- 
 tween them shows the early haunt of Wellington (who 
 was let for fifteen years at ioo/. per year), and the firs 
 rang at times with his bellowing, much less musically 
 than they do now when The Tyndale are finding. 
 Those were days when Tithe Commutation was un- 
 dreamt of, and hence Wellington calves came in due 
 course to Mr. Johnson the clergyman of the parish, 
 and one found its way to Mr. Atkinsons at the old 
 man's sale. 
 
 Mr. Atkinson senior knew Mr. Bates, but the prophet 
 had no honour in his own country, and although he 
 went over to see him, he did not care to buy. Arch- 
 duke Charles was Mr. Atkinson's first bull. After 
 him came Sir Harry, from Mr. Thomas Jobling, who 
 bred direct from Mr. Colling's sort ; and then his son 
 Bangup, who was never in the Herd Book, and had 
 fall after fall of red calves. Sir Harry was duly en- 
 tered for the Ovingham prize of 20 guineas, which he 
 won, and Mr. Jobling was so jealous of his looking 
 
 K 
 
1 30 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 well, that Mr. Atkinson's earliest recollection was see- 
 ing him come, and " off horseback and at the bull with 
 his scissors," to get his curly frontlet into perfect trim 
 for the judges/* 
 
 It is many years since we saw Newcastle races, and 
 our recollections are not with Underhand or Caller Ou 
 words hard for Northumbrian lips nor yet with 
 Dr. Syntax or Gallopade. They go back to an in- 
 termediate period, when " Slashing Harry collared 
 Henriade," when Beeswing beat Black Diamond, when 
 Harry Edwards by a mighty effort shoved "Lazy 
 Lanercost's" head in front of the Hydra's, and when a 
 Yorkshireman was so cleaned out by Naworth's defeat, 
 that he put up his slippers for sale in the coffee-room 
 at the Queen's Head that night. We remember, too, 
 the grief which fell like a pall on the Moor when 
 Lanercost, with Calypso handy, beat Beeswing on the 
 post through the deep ground for the Cup, and how 
 every tongue was loosened when she paid off him and 
 his corns next year in the dry. We like to recall that 
 time and all its actors dark-eyed " Sim " in his hey- 
 day ; Job Marson, a young fellow of five-and-twenty, 
 just earning his spurs on Charles XII. ; Mr. Ramsay 
 at Lanercost's head, as Noble saddled him, and listen- 
 ing to the pale enthusiast from the Bush Inn, Car- 
 lisle, who was taking up his parable ; and old Bob 
 Johnson, in his long black coat, drab breeches, and 
 gaiters among the glasses and decanters (like Baron 
 Nathan among the eggs at Rosherville), retreating 
 suddenly ere he stammered out a sentence before 
 the coat-tail pull of the Squire of Nunnykirk, who 
 
 * In later years the Atkinsons bred from Col. Towneley's stock. 
 and had several of the Beauty tribe which the Colonel got from Mr. 
 Bannerman, and he from Mr. John Booth. They used Abraham Parker 
 and " Dick" (who did a great deal for them), and when they began to 
 go in more for BooJh, they had Prince Patrick, a pure Booth bull, from 
 Mr. Grove Wood, of Ireland, and hired Manfred from Mr. Thomas 
 Booth, 
 
/NiVERSiTY i 
 
 The Slipping Race. " 131 
 
 flings down his scarecrow hat, puts himself in " the 
 teapot attitude " on the table, and pours out his Attic 
 eloquence in old Beeswing's name. 
 
 It was at Newcastle that Sir Tatton Sykes (Scott) 
 took part in a great* sliding-match, which utterly 
 ruined Fancy Boy. Four started for that Northern 
 Derby, and the ground was so soaked with rain that 
 Bill Scott, after many ups and downs, was finally 
 left at the Newcastle turn with Little Jack Horner 
 (Francis) to keep him company. The memory of the 
 Derby which he had just lost " on the Surrey side" did 
 not tend to tone down Bill's ire, and never was Mother 
 Earth more emphatically denounced. Fancy Boy was 
 also on his hind-quarters at that point ; but Sim re- 
 covered him, and abjured Job on Dolo to " Keep wide 
 of me at the Coal Pit turn, for fear we slide up again'' 
 The presentiment was too true, as when they reached 
 it Fancy Boy slipped, and slid some five-and-twenty 
 yards, Sim sticking to him with his arms round his 
 neck. Even in this fashion the pace was pretty good ; 
 but Dolo got so far ahead that he was never reached 
 again, and the chapter of accidents put some 600 
 guineas into Lord Eglinton's pocket. Two hunters 
 out of four came to grief in the next race ; but a nice, 
 drying night set things quite square for the morrow. 
 
 It was a favourite saying on Tyneside, when poor 
 Bob Chambers was in his rowing prime, " Bob isn't a 
 man he's a steam-engine ; he was ' cast' 1 at Hawks', 
 and 'fitted' at Stephenson's" and we think of both 
 man and " fitter" as we leave the coaly Tyne, and spy 
 on our northward way the cottage and birthplace of 
 George Stephenson amongst the anything but " sunny 
 farms of Killingworth." All the great spots of interest 
 at first lie to the left of the line, beginning with Cram- 
 lington, which sent a first-prize cow to the Newcastle 
 Royal, and is familiar to another generation in con- 
 nexion with Sir Matthew, Mr. Boag, and the hounds. 
 Sir Walter and Lady Trevelyan's herd, which showed 
 
 K 2 
 
1 3 2 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 a good Newcastle front against " the proud invader," 
 browses west beyond Belsay. Nunnykirk is " some 
 miles over yonder," and so is Belsay Castle, where the 
 hatchment is just up for " the old baronet, with blue 
 bandages on his fore-legs" (as a " memoir man," 
 writing about him and Gamester observed), who died 
 when he was upwards of 88, and won his maiden St. 
 Leger at 80. His racing-tree had its tap-root in 
 Twinkle by Orville, and it bore a crop of paying fruit 
 in Cast Steel, Vanguard, Vindex, Gamester, Vanity, 
 Gadabout, Hunca Munca, Hepatica, Prelude, and 
 Galanthus. He was very fond of them, and very 
 fidgety about them, and on one occasion he took the 
 whim, and wrote his trainer specially, to counter-order 
 Vanguard for Newcastle ; but the letter miscarried, 
 and the horse won. Still, he would always have pre- 
 ferred an afternoon with The Antiquary or the Iliad 
 to a racing one, and he was still translating the latter 
 when he died. 
 
 After Morpeth, the scene shifts to the other side 
 of the line, and the portly form of Mr. Angus, of 
 Whitfield, standing in a field of fog among his Border 
 Leicester lambs, is to us quite a herald of the district. 
 Beyond the fine coursing fields of Bothal,* where Jane 
 Anne first won, and which the " Els" know well, is 
 Woodhorn, whence Mr. Jacob Wilson brought his gay, 
 aged bull, Duke of Tyne, by " Dick," to win the first 
 
 * The Bothal meeting is held over sixteen thousand acres of the Duke 
 of Portland's property, near Morpeth. A large portion is permanent 
 grass land in ridge and furrow. The fields are not generally above 
 fifteen acres ; but many hedges are being removed at the Club's ex- 
 pense. Hares are so plentiful that they recently ran off a 134-dog-and- 
 bitch puppy stakes, and a 32-dog all-aged stake in five days, and yet 
 only beat one-third of the ground. The present Club is a renewal of 
 that which flourished twenty years ago, and the second founder and 
 president is the Hon. Mr. Ellis, nephew to the Duke of Portland. In 
 addition to the Spring and Autumn (open) Meetings, there are fort- 
 nightly ones, which are well attended. There is no truer type of a 
 pleasant club to promote good sport and good feeling in a county. 
 
Felton Agricultural Show. 133 
 
 Royal prize at Worcester. He was bred by Mr. 
 Spraggon, of Nafferton, on the Tyne side ; but his 
 new owner marked him for his own as a calf, and but 
 for Forth, he would have taken first Scottish honours 
 as well. Since his day, a pair of Fowler's ten-horse 
 engines have been at work, and " torn up" some four 
 thousand acres, and Dream of Pretence and Golden 
 Link and Lady York are fast laying the foundations 
 of a second Carrhead hard by the Eastern seaboard. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Donkin is not " bending in adoration 
 before the divinities of the sea-shore" to day ; but 
 Felton is all alive at his bidding, and as secretary of 
 its Agricultural Society, he " receives" both in a flower- 
 show marquee among the Castle Woods, and also in 
 the show-field. Thirteen gold cups won by Dr. 
 Syntax, XYZ, and Gallopade are ranged among the 
 flowers ; and if " Doctor" had only won the Preston 
 Cup at the last time of asking, four gold shoes would 
 have been added to that store. The sun shone bright 
 on a very animated show-field. Voyageur, the eternal, 
 was there, to the deep grief of the exhibitors of 
 hunters, for crab him as they may in private, judges 
 always had him handy at the finish. There was a fine 
 Colsterdale mare with first-prize ribbons on her head, 
 and just then all the more looked at for Lecturer's 
 sake. Littlecote, Gamester, and Canny Fellow foals, 
 and some very good ones among them, were grouped 
 with their dams all over the field, and there was many 
 a good word spoken to Gamester's memory, though 
 the Royal judges said that he " could neither walk nor 
 trot" on the day when he and Laughing Stock and 
 Cavendish were before them at Newcastle. Mr. Jacob 
 Wilson had a four-year-old grey hunter and a chestnut 
 " racing pony," and both won first prizes ; and (with 
 Golden Link and Lady York in aid) he and Mr. 
 Annett achieved so many honours that, after dinner 
 in the booth, one or the other seemed always on the 
 tramp to the chairman for cups or bank-notes. There 
 
1 34 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 was " the marvellous exposition of the fine arts of the 
 dairy" in a tent, where butter temples were built to 
 the sylvan gods, and rare skinned eggs were arranged 
 in plates. Of course we drank to the fair designers of 
 such architecture ; and Mr. Donkin, who had recently 
 told us, with his wonted wealth of expression, of a 
 villa near Corbridge, " an embellished abode fit for 
 Juno and her peacocks," and "the splendour of whose 
 floral and arbiferous productions might tempt an 
 angel down," eulogised the ladies generally to their 
 faces as " the roses and the lilies" of the day. 
 
 There is gladness too at the board when Sir 
 Matthew (the chairman) tells that the Privy Council 
 have withdrawn their edict, and that the Irish ram 
 buyers will be at Kelso that year. As we travel 
 towards Chillingham next day, " the Barmshires" 
 seem to be everywhere, save in Chevington Wood, 
 that reclaimed fox cover, where the shaggy stots from 
 Falkirk are up to their knees amid the young oaks 
 and heather. We have them in the foreground, as we 
 sweep past Chrisp's, of Hawkhill, whose bulls Manfred 
 and Phoenix are not the least in the annals of the 
 " Herd Book" and the show-yard. Mr. Bosanquet, of 
 The Rock, has another century of rams coming for- 
 ward for Kelso, with rare size and skins, on those fine 
 undulating slopes not far from Howick Hall. The 
 Coquet, so renowned for its fishing songs, flows over 
 its rocky bed from the moors, and we connect to its 
 name, not with trout merely, but with many a good 
 coursing day, Dr. Richardson and King Death. A 
 peep at Falloden as our train hurries past reveals Sir 
 George Grey " slaking the thirst of battle" in St. 
 Stephens, with a quiet book on his drive ; and now we 
 are bowling into the little town of Belford, to whose 
 Old Bell, with those comfortable red curtains, Lord 
 Wemyss comes thrice a season for a fortnight at a 
 time. The way from there to Chillingham is over a 
 fine, wild moor, of which Will Williamson might say 
 
The Wild Cattle of Chillingham. 135 
 
 in truth, " Well, be thanked, the fox and the hounds 
 have their liberty." Kyloe Crags, the Field of Flod- 
 den, Ford Castle, on whom old Cheviot himself looks 
 down, Ross Castle with its heronry, and Hepburn 
 Wood, dear to the woodcock, are all in that expanse 
 of rock and ling, while Chillingham Park rises as it 
 were terrace upon terrace, with the white dots not far 
 below the sky-line, which tell of its famous " cattle." 
 There 
 
 " They are grazing, their heads never raising 
 There are forty feeding like one," 
 
 and we have to discard at the first glance every wild- 
 bull-thought for Wordsworth's milder rhymes. Our 
 ideas change an hour after, as on the keeper's old 
 horse we ride the hill, and cautiously keeping near a 
 strongly-fenced plantation, so as to be able to abandon 
 the horse on an emergency, and retreat over the rails, 
 we get within a hundred yards of them. We might 
 have got nearer ; but a herd of startled bucks trotted 
 past them, and as one rose they all rose, and moved 
 off at a foot's pace, the old bull behind, and the king 
 bull leading. The latter will find years tell on him 
 in his turn, and when he is seven or eight, two younger 
 ones will attack him fore and aft and he will walk 
 moody and downcast like that deposed monarch in 
 the rear. The herd is generally kept up to 1 1 bulls, 
 17 steers, and 32 females, or three score in all. They 
 are made steers of even up to four years old, and it is 
 found even at that stage to improve the beef. It was 
 the practice to do so when they were dropped ; but it 
 was a very dangerous one, and spoilt the bull selec- 
 tion as well. They are tempted into a yard with hay, 
 and there snared, and tied by the neck and horn 
 during the process, and returned next day without 
 any cautery. The steers always grow larger horns, 
 and weigh from 4Ost. to 5ost. of I4lbs. If it is fair 
 weather they go up the hill, and if stormy they re- 
 main below. They eat very much at night, and mostly 
 
1 36 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 in company, and often scour a good deal in warm 
 weather. The bulls are of a more tawny shade than 
 the cows, as they fling the dirt very much over their 
 shoulders when they kneel to challenge. Both sexes 
 have black nostrils, horns tipped with black, and a 
 little red within the ears ; and in their general look 
 they partake of the Charolais and Highlander com- 
 bined. Their offal is rather coarse, and they have 
 sometimes a tendency to be high on the tail, as well 
 as upright on the shoulder. Like Highland herds 
 going along a road, they are subject to panics, and two 
 gallops in the course of a week one season, owing per- 
 haps to the rustling of deer near them, cost nearly 
 every cow her calf. The calves are dropped in the 
 fern, but they are sad little Tartars ; and if they have 
 been housed, it takes nearly two months to take off 
 the tame smell. 
 
 A steer and cow were once tamed in a fashion ; 
 but their principal affections centred on hay and 
 bean-meal, while turnips had no charm for them. In 
 winter they follow the hay-cart like any other cattle, 
 and sometimes they have been shot out of it. Their 
 sense of smell is exceedingly acute, and a cow has 
 been seen to run a man's foot like a sleuth-hound, 
 when he had run for his life to a tree. While Sir 
 Edwin Landseer was taking sketches for his cele- 
 brated pictures, the herd went into action, and he was 
 glad to fly to the forest as they passed by. A study 
 of a bull by Sir Edwin, along with several butterflies 
 and birds on a screen, are among the choicest art 
 treasures at the Castle, where he spends many a sum- 
 mer day, and so is a head of Sir Rowland Errington, 
 once Master of the Quorn, which is merely dashed off 
 on a door panel. 
 
 But we must turn from these "tameless beef" 
 studies to the more prosaic sheep of the district 
 those Barmshires or Border Leicesters, which are pecu- 
 liar to the Border counties of Roxburgh, Berwick 
 
The Wild Cattle of Chillingham. 137 
 
 and Northumberland, or, as some phrase it, " the little 
 kingdom of Kelso and Northumberland." The Dishley 
 blood found its way to the Border in 1767, through 
 Messrs. George and Matthew Culley, one of Crookham 
 Eastfield, and the other of Wark, who went from the 
 banks of the Tees to the Tweedside. One or both of 
 the brothers had been pupils of Mr. Bakewell. They 
 were in partnership to the end of their lives, but took 
 up different lines George undertaking the manage- 
 ment of the flock, while Matthew was more devoted to 
 agriculture, irrigation, and essays. In process of time 
 Mr. Robert Thompson, who had also studied under 
 Mr. Bakewell, established a Dishley flock first at Lil- 
 burn, and then at Chillingham Barns. The late Mr. 
 Grey of Dilston confirms Mr. Wilson's pamphlet as to 
 this point, and adds that there were two distinct 
 Dishley families upon these Border farms. We meet 
 with no notice of these two tribes of " blue caps" and 
 "red legs" in any Bakewell records, but they have 
 been described to us by Mr. Grey. The blue-headed 
 Leicesters, which are now quite out of favour on the 
 Border, were generally rather tender when lambed, 
 and soft-woolled on the scalp, which made them very 
 sensitive to fly-galls. They were handsomer and of 
 greater length than the " red legs," very good feeders, 
 but rather delicate and light in their wool. Mr. Ro- 
 bertson of Ladykirk and Mr. Thompson of Bogend 
 (his tenant) bought " blue caps" from Mr. Stone, which 
 came, three or four in a cart, from Leicestershire, and 
 were met half-way. The "red legs" were nearer the 
 ground, very compact, with less fat and more fibre, 
 and were generally hardier, and had a more closely- 
 planted fleece. 
 
 The Culleys and Robert Thompson, and the Kelso 
 and Northumberland men, came to the Ladykirk 
 lettings, as well as McDougall's of Cessford. At 
 Chillingham Barns the fleeces were hung up and 
 ticketed for the early show, which gradually merged 
 
1 38 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 into the September one. A few small men had Cots- 
 wolds and Lincolns ; but a great upstanding sheep 
 was not then the fashion on or over the Border. Mr. 
 Grey, who joined the ranks of the flockmasters soon 
 after the beginning of the century, had his " large Gs" 
 from Messrs. Culley and Mr. Thompson ; but he liked 
 the thick, short-legged Buckleys better, and stuck to the 
 sort for wether breeding. About 1815-20 Lord Pol- 
 warth's agent bought some of his " large G" gimmers, 
 and also went for rams to Mr. Jobson of Chillingham 
 New Town. Luke Scott of Easington Grange, near 
 Belford, was a great character in those days. He clung 
 to his little flock of twenty Bakewells with desperate 
 tenacity, even when his farm was gone, and he had to 
 board them out. After Mr. Robert Thompson's re- 
 tirement, he would use no rams but his own, and when 
 a very favourite ewe broke bounds and was tupped by 
 a " neighbour's mongrel" (as he called it), he slaugh- 
 tered her without mercy. 
 
 They flourish on the banks of the Beaumont- 
 Water, and all along the spurs of the Cheviot range, 
 but more especially in the warm and shcJ f cred barley 
 and turnip soils round Kelso and Coldstream. Un- 
 less a hill-farm is annexed to the arable, the whole 
 flock consists of Border Leicesters, and the South 
 Country Leicester, or "blue head," is proudly es- 
 chewed. The leading flocks iiave rather marked 
 peculiarities. Some excel both in size and fleece, 
 while others have lighter fleeces and smaller scrags, 
 but more quality and fashion. A very big head is 
 the characteristic of one or two flocks, and another 
 can generally be told by " the bridge in front of the 
 hock." Still, of late years, there has been so much 
 interchange of blood, that they are fast becoming 
 of one type, especially in their wool, which has 
 acquired much more staple and curl. The ewes, 
 wnich are remarkably good milkers, should lamb 
 about the middle of March, and when weaning time 
 
The Border Leicester*. 139 
 
 is come, the farmer will often give you the choice 
 of " yow or cow " when the cheese is put upon the 
 table. The lambs are dipped a week after the ewes 
 are clipped, so as to keep the ewes clean. Wether 
 hoggs should be quick off the shears, and not be 
 kept above fourteen months, when they generally 
 reach from 18 to iQlbs. a quarter."* Their wool 
 averages from 7 to 81bs. all round, and a highly-fed 
 
 * Since the introduction of so much artificial feeding, the size has 
 been considerably increased, and the ewes are generally fatted off after 
 three crops of lambs at from 261bs. to 3olbs. a quarter. St. Ninian's, 
 near Wooller, is the great fair, late in September, for the cast ewes, but 
 some are sold at Cornhill, where they made as much as 63^. to 6os. 
 three autumns since. Penrith dealers have been the principal ewr 
 buyers at St. Ninian's for the last five-and-forty years, and take on 
 nearly all the lots to the York and Harewood fairs. The best ewes are 
 nearly always picked up by the dealers in the pastures, and the price is 
 governed by St. Ninian's. Mid-ewe lambs are not sold, but are gene- 
 rally fed off as shearlings with the wether hoggs and the shot gimmers. 
 Some of the best gimmers have fetched 2O/. apiece to go to Ireland. 
 Lord Polwarth's rams, as well as those of a few other flock-masters, 
 were sold by auction at home for many years. In 1846 the Kelso 
 public sales were established on the second Thursday in September, and 
 350 rams were entered, but I3/. was the highest price. Lord Polwarth's 
 were first brought to Kelso in 1852. In 1820 his lordship's home- 
 average had only been 3/. 15^. for 35 ; whereas in 1865 it was 
 37/. iSs. lo^d. at Kelso for the same number. His lordship's top 
 sheep went for 957. that year, and for io6/. in 1867. The supply of 
 rams has become so large, that some breeders have preferred taking 
 their lots into the Edinburgh sale-ring ; but even with this slight take 
 off, upwards of 2300 rams, the property of between fifty and sixty 
 breeders, are sold annually in the four rings at Kelso.' There are two 
 or three grades of purchasers among the Irishmen, who come over in 
 large numbers. Some go up to I5/., but a great many cannot be 
 tempted beyond 7/. The Caithness men bid with great spirit, and there 
 is generally a commission from North Wales, at least every other year. 
 Lord Penrhyn is in the habit of getting them to cross his pure Leicesters. 
 The cross produces a hardier sheep, with wool as fine and a little 
 longer in the staple. The order of sale in the four rings is decided by 
 lot. Lord Polwarth's always make a very high average, however low 
 down in the list they may be drawn ; but it militates very severely 
 against the great majority of the lots if they are put up after two o'clock. 
 Still, a lot of 85 from a noted breeder has made as much as ill. 2s. 8J., 
 and 100 have also gone off pretty late in the afternoon at io/. I2s. yd. 
 [For description of Kelso Ram Fair, see "Field and Fern" (South), 
 pp. 150-56.] 
 
1 40 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 tup-hogg will clip to I2lbs., according to the nature 
 of the soil. Clay land is favourable for wool on the 
 belly ; but the finer bred they are the greater the 
 difficulty in preventing it from peeling. The lambs 
 are generally born with a top-knot, but it comes off, 
 and if their whisker or their scrag wool is very plenti- 
 ful, they are pretty certain to peel below. Rams 
 which have this tendency are generally capital graziers, 
 and get better fat lambs, and are therefore in good 
 request for crossing. Their hocks should be rather 
 away from them if they are to follow Cheviot ewes on 
 the hill-side, and to travel on the undulating farms 
 from the banks of the Tweed to the Beaumont. They 
 should also have plenty of bone, and not be round in 
 the shank, and, as with the Dartmoors, a wide tail 
 is a great point. The heads should be long and 
 thin, without any tendency to a blue shade, the ears 
 broad and erect, the nose brown coloured or hazel, 
 with an open nostril and a large expressive eye. The 
 scrags are hard to keep up to the proper thickness, 
 but still the leg of mutton or the gigot is the prime 
 difficulty, and there is also a tendency to be too fat 
 on the rib. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 " We eat prodigiously indeed, so great is our love of good cheer, 
 that we name our children after our favourite dishes. If a person in 
 good society is not called ' Sir Rosbif,' he will probably answer to the 
 name of 'Lord Bifstek/ in honour of the two great national dishes, 
 which we have spelt in that manner from time immemorial." 
 "FOREIGNERS' PORTRAITS." Household Words. 
 
 Bakewell's Longhorns The Holdemess and Teeswater Great Short- 
 horn Breeders Mr. Bates Mr. Fawcett's Recollections of him 
 Show of Terriers at Yarm Shoeing Contest Hound Show at 
 Redcar Photographing the Huntsmen The Neasham Hall Stud 
 Sparkler of the Hurworth Mr. Wetherell's Herds. 
 
 ODERN history has been much too sparing 
 in its prose pictures of pastoral life. A great 
 
 M 
 
Bakeweirs Longhorns. 141 
 
 general or statesman has never lacked the love of a 
 biographer ; but the thoughts and labours of men 
 who lived " remote from cities," and silently built up 
 an improved race of sheep or cattle, whose influence 
 was to be felt in every market, have had no adequate 
 record. One slight sketch in the Gentleman 's Magazine 
 is nearly all that remains to us. We can go back, 
 through its guidance, to the days when Bakewell was 
 a living name, and Dishley the head-quarters to which 
 all the best breeders of farm stock made resort. The 
 scene rises up through the dim vista of more than a 
 hundred years. There are the willow clumps which 
 were cut on a seven years' rotation ; the water mea- 
 dows, which grew four grass crops in the season ; the 
 mimic Dutch canal, which supplied the sluices and 
 carried boats laden with produce and manure between 
 different parts of the farm, and on whose sluggish 
 stream turnips were floated down to the stock, and 
 washed in the course of their sail ! " Two Pounder " 
 is brought out by the shepherd, with all the respect 
 due to such a patriarch of the long-wools. Will Peet 
 is on parade with the black cart stallion ; and John 
 Breeder and Will Arnold, hazel wand in hand, have 
 gathered the herd into a corner of the Long Pasture, 
 and listen eagerly for any word that may be dropped 
 about their favourites. In the business room there 
 are not only skeletons but pickled carcases of sheep, 
 whose points were most after their breeder's heart ; 
 but he shows with no less relish some beef joints, the 
 relics of his " Old Comely," which died at twenty-six, 
 and the outside fat of a sirloin fully four inches thick. 
 
 The latter were his Longhorn trophies, and no man 
 could boast of a herd with deeper flesh and lighter 
 offal. In his eyes the breed was fated to represent 
 the roast beef of Old England for ever and aye ; and 
 the thought that the very glory of their heads would 
 be objected to as taking up too much room in the 
 strawyards, and that a race with shorter horns and 
 
1 42 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 earlier maturity from " the banks of the stately Tees" 
 would ruthlessly push them from their place and 
 reduce them to a mere fraction in the Midlands, never 
 vexed his soul. Their hold of public favour had been 
 long and sure, and their greatest triumph was to 
 come. If " Two Pounder" had then the reputation of 
 earning 800 guineas in one season and serving some 
 picked home ewes as well, the Dishley bull, " Two 
 Penny," was fated to make the herd of Fowler of 
 Rollright, and swell its sale average to 8 1/. 14^. 3^. for 
 fifty-one ! 
 
 Longhorns of some kind or another, and generally 
 with good milk marks and the faculty of fattening at 
 a great age, were at this period the farmers' friends. 
 They excited the admiration of Dr. Johnson in Derby- 
 shire, and led him to note that his host "whose talk is 
 of bullocks," sold one of them for 100 guineas ; and 
 as good prices were obtained for the armenta fronte 
 laid those blacks with white backs, which Sir A. 
 Ramsay took to Scotland as a cross for the Aberdeen- 
 shire, and whose horn practice in Garstang market 
 was duly felt and recorded by Pennant as he journeyed 
 towards the Hebrides. 
 
 The Holderness, a fine, large-framed breed, with 
 good backs, long quarters, remarkably clean, straight 
 legs, and well-developed udders, grazed in the district 
 north of the Humber. Many of them were white, 
 with blue or bay flecks ; but the largest number were 
 dark mouse and white, and, as was natural from their 
 proximity to Hull and their general appearance, they 
 were thought to be of Dutch origin. Milk was their 
 specialty, and Mr. Curwen was wont to value the dairy 
 produce of his twenty at 25/. a year. Under the local 
 name of " Teeswaters," the Shorthorns, to which the 
 Holderness seemed to bear most affinity in character, 
 had got a strong hold in Durham several years before 
 the close of the century ; but still it was not until 
 "The Durham Ox" commenced his six years of 
 
The Teeswaters. 143 
 
 caravan life in 1801 that the doom of the Longhorns 
 was virtually sealed. 
 
 The Teeswaters* were cattle of great substance, 
 but somewhat ungainly in form, and were thought to 
 give less but richer milk than the Holderness. The 
 fragments of history on which their origin rests are 
 somewhat shadowy and uncertain. Some contend 
 therefrom that they must be of Dutch origin, and 
 only another version of the Holderness ; and others, 
 with equal zeal, that their tap-root is to be found in 
 the West Highlands, or that the earlier breeders 
 always fell back on its bulls for a cross if they thought 
 that their herd was losing constitution. There is 
 certainly some confirmation of this opinion in the 
 peculiarly sharp horns and ink-black noses which will 
 appear at intervals. The admirers of the " Princesses" 
 make good " the claims of long descent" as far back 
 as 1739, on Stephenson's farm at Ketton; and it is also 
 said that the ancestress of the "Duchesses" roamed 
 in Stanwick Park two hundred years ago, and that 
 none of the tribe had been out of the Northumberland 
 family until Charles Colling bought them. Be this 
 as it may, the Teeswaters' capability of development, 
 which the St. Quintin, the Pennyman, and the 
 Milbank families were among the first to recognise, 
 had suggested itself to many a long-headed Durham 
 farmer as well as the Brothers Colling ; but private 
 herd-books were hardly in *ogue, and the patient 
 pilgrimage of Coates, through sunshine and shower, 
 with his grey pony and saddle-bags, has not had the 
 
 * An eminent living authority thus writes us of the Teeswater breed 
 of sheep : "They were nearly as big as a jackass, and had nearly as 
 large bone. Gradually they went out of use, and there is not a sem- 
 blance of them left. They had raw lugs and no horns, long watery 
 wool, of which you could count the strings, some of which seemed six- 
 teen inches long. I have heard of fleeces weighing 22lbs. Some of 
 them killed with ordinary keep to 4Olbs. a quarter, but they were gra- 
 dually crossed out by Leicester rams, which lessened the size, and im- 
 proved the grazing qualities." 
 
 or THE 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
144 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 effect of tracing the breed further back than four 
 crosses beyond " Hubback" (319), who was calved 
 in 1777- 
 
 If the red-and-white Studley bull (626), bred by 
 Sharter of Chilton, and the founder of the Gwynne or 
 " Princess" tribe, may claim to be the " Abraham of 
 shorthorns," James Brown's red bull (97) and Jolly's 
 bull (337) are very early names on the roll. Seventeen 
 or eighteen crosses separate the Duchesses from the 
 one, and the Maynard and Mason tribes are in direct 
 descent from the other. Only 7 10 bulls were registered 
 in the first volume of Coates' Herd-book, which was 
 published in 1822; but the fifteenth showed, under 
 Mr. Strafford's care, an accession of 1959 in two years, 
 and the seventeenth brought up the numbers to 
 Zemi (25,481). 
 
 The germ of this wonderful array must have been 
 considered an " improved" county breed as far back 
 as 1787. Hutchinson of Sockburn had then a cow 
 good enough to be modelled for the cathedral vane, 
 and had also beaten Robert Colling in a bull class. 
 Other Durham breeders stood proudly on their family 
 tribes. The " Lizzies" were with Charge of Newton, 
 and Rose's and Fisher's stock can be traced to Corn- 
 forth of Barforth. Robert Colling had set his seal to 
 Hill of Blackwell's herd, and nearly all the best men 
 were dipping into the blood of Millbank of Barning- 
 ham. It was from his sort that there sprang the 
 " old yellow cow by ' Punch,' " which was grandam 
 of " the white heifer that travelled," The Maynards* 
 
 * Maynard's "Favourite" tribe was very early in repute, and 
 Charles Colling (who had previously picked up his "Cherry" or 
 " Peeress" tribe in Yarm Market) never rested till he had bought the 
 cow and her calf, " Young Strawberry," by Charge's " Dal ton Duke " 
 (1 88). He then changed the cow's name to " Lady Maynard," and it 
 was upon her tribe that he used the Galloway or "alloy blood" 
 through "Grandson of Bolingbroke" (280), which made the highest 
 average in its hour of trial at Ketton. Her descendant* were also 
 
Great Shorthorn Breeders. 145 
 
 were also in the front rank, and it became their sound 
 family custom to pitch eight bullocks and as many 
 heifers in Darlington market, on the first Monday of 
 March, as a sample of the Eryholme pastures. The 
 bullocks were from four to five years old, with fine, 
 wide horns, good bone, and very deep flesh ; and they 
 were keenly looked out for, year after year, on the 
 pavement opposite the King's Head. 
 
 The aim of the Brothers Colling was to reduce the 
 size and improve the general symmetry and flesh- 
 points of their beasts. " Beauty," sister to " Punch" 
 (531), had spread their fame beyond the county ; and 
 in 1799 "the Durham Ox," by " Favourite" (252) came 
 out first at Darlington with his half-sister of the 
 "Duchess" tribe. The latter was quite as great a 
 wonder in her way, and confirmed Mr. Bates's fancy 
 for the sort which was hereafter to be linked with his 
 name. The subsequent travels of the Ox brought a 
 large bull trade to Ketton and Barmpton. It would 
 have been strange if they had not, as his live weight 
 was 216 stones of I4lbs., and that not got by un- 
 wieldly bulk, but by the ripeness of all his points. He 
 ultimately dislocated his hip and was slaughtered, 
 and, curiously enough, his show career ended at 
 Oxford, where, nearly a third of a century later, that 
 of the Royal Agricultural Society began. 
 
 Even at the Ketton sale in 1810, the taste for 
 shorthorns was confined within a narrow compass, as 
 Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Northumberland, 
 and Westmoreland were the only counties which pur- 
 chased. Some of the few survivors of the assembly 
 
 crossed most successfully with "Foljambe" (263), the sire of 
 "Phoenix," the dam of the bull "Favourite" (252), who was in his 
 turn the sire of the thousand-guinea "Comet" (155). " Hubback" 
 (319) has always been considered the great regenerator of shorthorns ; 
 but he did not do Charles Colling so much good as " Foljambe," who 
 was from a ' ' Hubback" cow, and he was parted with at the end of 
 two seasons. 
 
 L 
 
146 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 on that day still speak of " Comet" as the most 
 symmetrical bull they have ever seen. He was not 
 very large, but with that infallible sign of constitu- 
 tion, a good wide scorp or frontlet, a fine placid eye, 
 a well-filled twist, and an undeniable back. His price 
 caused breeders everywhere to prick up their ears. 
 They had already heard of Fowler refusing 1000 guineas 
 for a longhorn bull and three cows, as well as for a 
 cow and her produce of eight seasons ; but never of 
 one bull achieving that sum. The spirit south of the 
 Humber was fairly roused at last, and when, eight 
 years after, the Barmpton herd came to the hammer, 
 the representatives of four or five more counties were 
 found at the ring-side. The Rev. Thomas Harrison 
 and Mr. Edmonds of Boughton had often talked to 
 Lord Althorp, Sir Charles Knightley, and Mr. 
 Arbuthnot, in the Pytchley Club or woodlands, of the 
 great day at Ketton, and his lordship sent a commis- 
 sion to Barmpton, when Robert Colling parted with 
 everything but his heifer calves, for three heifers and 
 a bull ; while a Nottinghamshire and a Leicestershire 
 man joined in the highest-priced lot, " Lancaster" 
 (621 guineas), which had some five crosses of 
 " Favourite" (252) in his veins. 
 
 For many years previous to this sale Mr. Bates had 
 been breeding shorthorns by the Tyne side, and 
 bringing his beasts, as Sir Hugh Smythson had done 
 before him, to periodical scale tests. Still, he does 
 not seem to have struck out any especial herd-line for 
 himself till he took up his fancy for the Duchess tribe. 
 Charles Colling assured him that the cow which he 
 bought in 1784 out of Stanwick Park was the best he 
 ever had or ever saw, and sold him her great-grand- 
 daughter " Duchess," by " Daisy Bull" (186). She was 
 the prelude to Mr. Bates's purchase of " Duchess 1st" 
 by " Comet" (155), the only " Duchess" at the Ketton 
 sale, and a very cheap lot at 1 86 guineas, as, inde- 
 pendently of her produce, her new owner left it on 
 
Mr. Bates. 147 
 
 record that she gave I4lbs. of butter (21 ozs.to the Ib.) 
 per week for six weeks after calving. 
 
 " Belvedere" (1706), of the " Princess" tribe, was the 
 bull which Mr. Bates selected to " bring out the 
 Duchesses." He was small and plain, and with 
 rather rough shoulders, but as soft as a mole in his 
 touch. The Brothers Colling had a most faithful 
 disciple in the Kirklevington philosopher, as his cele- 
 brated show-bull " Duke of Northumberland" (1940) 
 was by " Belvedere," dam by " Belvedere ;" and was 
 thus bred on precisely the same principle as four of 
 their leading animals, "Comet" and "The Ox," 
 " Punch" and " Broken Horn" rather an instructive 
 comment on the popular timidity which eschews 
 even an approach to in-breeding. Mr. Bates led the 
 shorthorn ranks of the Royal Agricultural Society 
 both at Oxford and Cambridge, and it was his lot to 
 breed the second one thousand guinea bull, and to 
 fashion the model of the moulds in which such cows 
 as "Second Grand Duchess," "Oxford I5th," and 
 " Duchess 77th," were duly cast and quickened. Still 
 no one contributed more towards shorthorn progress 
 than Mason of Chilton, who got rid of the open 
 shoulders and improved the fore-quarters generally. 
 His sale in 1829 was to breeders quite a season of re- 
 freshing after a long and dreary drought. Earl 
 Spencer took heart of grace, and bought a bull and 
 sixteen cows and heifers ; and Captain Barclay (who 
 began in 1822) laid a still more solid foundation with, 
 " Lot 20, ' Lady Sarah.' " Such a splendid lo| of 
 cows as those at Chilton were seldom seen together, 
 and the one from which Earl Spencer bred most was 
 No. 25 (36 guineas), or Wiseton's dam. 
 
 Whitaker of Burley held his first sale soon after. 
 He had always gone for milking tribes in his quiet 
 Yorkshire valley, and laid much stress upon the pur- 
 chase of " Magdalena," by "Comet" (155), the only 
 cow which was kept out of the Ketton sale catalogue. 
 
 L 2 
 
i 48 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 The Americans, and more especially Colonel Powell 
 and the Ohio Company, had heard of her and her 
 32 quarts a day in their repeated visits to Burley. 
 They generally left Yorkshire with the belief that 
 " a man might ride four hacks to death in the North, 
 and not find twenty such cows as Mr. Whitaker's ;" 
 and they were among his best customers for a series 
 of years. 
 
 Sir Charles Knightley gradually became quite a 
 Whitaker to the Midlands, when he gave up hounds 
 about 1818, and laid himself in with the " Rosy" and 
 " Ruby" tribes, and his friend Arbuthnot's bulls. He 
 always said that it was " quite an acquired taste," but 
 he took to it with singular heartiness. He strove to 
 put shoulders on his cattle as perfect as those of his 
 own hunters, " Benvolio" and " Sir Marinel." Beau- 
 tiful fore-quarters, gay carriage, general elegance, and 
 a strong family likeness distinguished his tribes, and 
 their fine milking powers placed them (like " Cold 
 Cream" and " Alix," of the Royal Home Farm) at the 
 head of many a dairy. " A Fawsley fill-pail" soon 
 passed into a herd proverb ; and a dip into the blood 
 of the " Earl of Dublin" (10,178) and the " Friars" 
 White or Grey was pretty sure to make one. 
 
 The " Old Cherry," by " Pirate" (2430) tribe, which 
 came originally from William Colling of Stapleton, 
 was in high force when " Gainford steers" were told at 
 a glance, and valued at a good pound more, and when 
 Mr. Crofton had taken such rare prize heifers by him 
 and " The Provost" (4846) to the Highland Society 
 and other shows. Colonel Cradock liked the sort for 
 their size and milk, and they " nicked" well both wkh 
 the Booth and the Bates blood. Crossed with 
 "Grand Duke" (10,284), they founded the "Cherry 
 Dukes" and " Duchesses ;" and it was to "Mussulman" 
 (4525) that John Booth sent his celebrated " Bracelet," 
 and had " Buckingham" (3239) for his reward. 
 
 The Booth family began at Studley about 1790, 
 
The Booth Family. 149 
 
 with Teeswaters and "Twin Brother to Ben" (660) ; 
 and lengthening the hind-quarters, filling up the fore- 
 flank, and breeding with a view to that fine deep flesh 
 and constitution which bears any amount of forcing, 
 have been their especial aim. It was the late Mr. 
 Richard Booth's opinion that no bull had done his herd 
 so much good as " Albion" (14), of "the alloy blood," 
 and Mr. Whitaker and Mr. Wetherell were quite with 
 him on the point. It may be said that shorthorns 
 generally have grown smaller in frame, and that there 
 is perhaps not that rich coat and uniformity of 
 character which marked some of the earlier herds ; 
 but still those who can make the comparison from 
 memory are fain to allow that, in their flesh-points 
 and general weights, the breed knows no decay. What 
 the Brothers Colling were in earlier days, the Brothers 
 Booth have been in later. If the elder could boast of 
 " Necklace" with the wondrous crops, and " Bracelet," 
 in whom none could find a fault, save a trifling defi- 
 ciency in the fore-rib, it was left to the younger to 
 keep up the type with the beautiful " Charity," whose 
 twist and hind-legs might have been modelled from, 
 and to follow it up with " Plum Blossom," " Nectarine 
 Blossom," " Queen of the Ocean," and " Queen of the 
 May." Richard Booth and Crofton might be said to 
 have initiated the modern plan of keeping beasts far 
 more in the house, and preparing them specially with 
 a view to shows. No blood has been more widely 
 spread than that of " Warlaby" and " Killerby" 
 throughout the United Kingdom, or commanded a 
 finer bull-hiring trade ; and it was from " Buttercup," 
 a daughter of " Barmpton Rose," and crossed with 
 Booth's " Jeweller" (10,354) that " Butterfly" sprang, 
 the chief foundress, with "Frederick," (11,489) of the 
 Towneley herd, whose victories in the store and fat 
 shows combined are wholly without parallel. 
 
 A very painful chord was struck at the Yorkshire 
 Agricultural Meeting of '49, when hundreds of friends 
 
150 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 who expected once more to grasp him by the hand, 
 and to enjoy the half-sportive, half-sarcastic lecture 
 on each prize beast of " the old man eloquent" of 
 Kirklevington, learnt for the first time that Mr. Bates 
 had gone to his rest, and that their shorthorn festival 
 was on his funeral day. His heart was with horn and 
 hoof to the last, and there was no " cruel Phyllis" to 
 cross him in that love. Those who have strolled with 
 him in his pastures, can recall how the cows and even 
 the young heifers would lick his hand, and seem to 
 listen to every gentle word and keen comment, as if 
 they penetrated its import ; and even when the last 
 struggle was nigh, and he could wander amongst them 
 no more, he reclined on some straw in the cow-house, 
 that his eye might not lack its solace. 
 
 We had never been in the neighbourhood before a 
 meeting of the Cleveland Society tempted us to 
 Yarm, on one of whose inn signs the bull " Duke" 
 still flourishes. When the hound prizes were decided, 
 we strolled out to Kirklevington. Hard by the 
 churchyard is the calf-house, in which Fourth Duke of 
 Northumberland and the Duchesses and Oxfords were 
 reared, but the great philosopher* of shorthorns lay 
 
 * Mr. James Fawcett, who often stayed with him at Halton Castle, 
 in Northumberland, some two-and-fifty years ago, thus writes us : "I 
 have endeavoured to recall from the depths of memory some of the 
 byegone days spent with my old friend and tutor, Mr. Bates. Having 
 studied at the Edinburgh University, he was well up to the chemical 
 and scientific part of his business, and far beyond his neighbours in 
 that respect. The chief enjoyment, however, of his life was in his cow 
 pastures, which were generally visited once or twice a day, and the 
 history and points of each animal made known to any visitor as it came 
 up to have its head rubbed. On these occasions he was in the habit of 
 manipulating the animals all over, pressing them gently with his fingers, 
 thereby to detect any unevenness or want of quality in any particular 
 part, and guard against the patchy appearance that so many shorthorns 
 exhibit, being overloaded in one place and bare in another. I well re- 
 member the interest and pains he took to initiate me into the mysteries 
 of 'handling.' 
 
 '* What he termed quality, he considered the most essential point 
 in cattle, and under this designation he included aptitude to fatten, 
 
Mr. Bates. 1 5 1 
 
 in the churchyard just over the wall, without a stone 
 to mark his resting-place.* 
 
 early maturity, symmetry, fineness of bone, and, above all, the cover- 
 ing of the frame evenly with flesh of a delicate fibre and well intermixed 
 with fat, and to his steady perseverance towards this end his breed 
 undoubtedly owe their fame. In those days he had very few pure 
 Duchesses and Kettons, but a number of beautiful cows by Ketton 
 and Ketton 2nd from choice Argyleshire heifers, which he had selected 
 with the view of rearing an original herd like Charles Ceiling's, 
 whose success he attributed to the judicious blending of that blood obtained 
 through Grandson of Bolingbroke with the best shorthorns of the day. 
 
 " From some cause or other he lost the Argyleshire tribes after leav- 
 ing Northumberland, and steadily cultivated the Duchesses, and one or 
 two other tribes, among the best of which were Red Rose and Fairy, 
 two splendid cows from Mr. Hustler. From the former he bred Second 
 Hubback by The Earl, which he considered the best bull he ever had, 
 and destined to become quite a regenerator of shorthorns. He was 
 a light red bull, with a lemon muzzle, and as perfect in his points as 
 could be desired, at the same time evenly and smoothly covered with 
 flesh of the best possible quality. Mr. Bates considered Mr. Charles 
 Colling to have been the most thorough judge of cattle of his day, and, 
 in fact, the originator of the improved shorthorn, having imbibed his 
 knowledge from Mr. Bakewell of Dishley, with whom he lived some 
 time in statu puplllari. He thought that his brother Robert's fame as 
 a breeder was entirely due to the superior judgment of Charles, whose 
 bull Favourite was the undoubted fountain-head of pedigrees and the 
 source of their distinction, being the sire of Comet, Ketton, &c., &c., 
 as well as of the famous old cow Princess and of her daughter, the 
 Favourite cow, the dam of the first Duchess. Princess and her daughter 
 were purchased by Mr. Bates from Mr. Charles Colling, and were the 
 foundation of his herd. 
 
 "Mr. Bates used to describe Favourite as a very rich roan, robust, 
 and massive animal, with a very fine, long, and downy coat and superb 
 handling, but by no means so pointy a bull as his son. Comet, although 
 a much better sire. He thought him so much better than the other 
 that he did not scruple to breed in-and-in with him several times, and 
 with success. He was an advocate for that mode of breeding, and at 
 last preferred it to having recourse to impure blood, as there was appa- 
 rently (in that day at least) no bad result from it in his cattle, which 
 were distinguished by their vigour and healthy appearance. To dairy 
 properties, a thing too often overlooked, he paid great attention, and 
 very few of his cows were deficient in this respect. He was a man of 
 warm feelings, and either a strong friend or a bitter enemy. Though 
 most acute and observing, he was liable to prejudice, and a splendid 
 4ogmatizer, but none have left a more decided mark on our shorthorn 
 history. " 
 
 * Thanks to the exertions of Mr. Housman and a few other lovers of 
 shorthorns, a tombstone has been erected since then. 
 
152 Saddle and Sir Coin, 
 
 Now, that perhaps less prejudiced but not more 
 clear-cutting brains are left to work their way up that 
 channel of science which he buoyed out, each year 
 confirms the belief that he was not so very far wrong 
 when, in speaking of one of his best Duchesses, he 
 said to Lord Althorp, " The destiny of shorthorns de- 
 pends on this calf this slender thread of a calf."* 
 
 In the following year Mr. Bates saw the merits of 
 the Princess or St. Albans tribe (which had recovered 
 the quality that Jupiter lost) so keenly at Mason's 
 sale, that he determined, if possible, to get his new 
 cross from it. At that time St. Albans, who went 
 back direct to Favourite and Hubback, missing the 
 dreaded Punch, was about fifteen years old, and he 
 had been lot for three years into Northumberland. 
 Mason had got him in a sly way at first for 2O/., 
 through a butcher, whom he sent as his agent ; and 
 when Mr. Wood was at Chilton three years after, and 
 only caught a glimpse of his head, he exclaimed, 
 " Why, there's my old Prince ; he was bougJit to kill" 
 And sure enough it was Prince, but canonized in life 
 as " St. Albans !" 
 
 How to bring about his long-cherished combination 
 
 * Although he had got as far as (63), he had made but little figure 
 with the Duchesses, when he moved from the Tyneside to Kirkleving- 
 ton, whither Red Rose, who had been bought from Mr. Hustler, ac- 
 companied him. She was three removes from Favourite on one side 
 and two on the other, and from the union of her and the Earl (646) 
 came Second Hubback (1423). His idolatry for this bull did his herd 
 no small harm ; and it was only when he found that he had lost 28 
 calves in one year, solely through lack of constitution, that he began 
 to cast about, and in vain applied to Mr. Whitaker for his famous 
 Frederick. Perhaps on no occasion was Mr. Bates so offended with 
 any one as he was with poor old Coates, when, in 1828, he met him 
 with Mr. Whitaker and Colonel Powell, of Pennsylvania, in the yard 
 at Greenholme. His aim was to get him, as a great authority, to go 
 and lay his hand, in the presence of that pioneer of our shorthorns in 
 America, solemnly on the bull, and speaking from the hoary depths of 
 experience, to proclaim him quite equal to the First Hubback ; but the 
 author of the " Herd-Book was not the man to speak against his 
 convictions. 
 
Mr. Bates. 153 
 
 of the Princess of Barmpton and the Duchess of Ketton 
 blood was now the problem which puzzled the lord of 
 Kirklevington, and which Belvedere so happily solved. 
 Oddly enough, this bull had been living only ten miles 
 off him, and for two long years his friend, Mr. Atkin- 
 son Greenwell, had urged him to go and have a look. 
 One day he did condescend to drive over, and strange 
 as the coincidence may seem, the moment he in his 
 turn merely glanced at the bull's head through a 
 square hole, he knew that it was the blood he was 
 seeking ; and he said to himself, " Thou art mine, if 
 money 'II buy thee" And buy him he did, then and 
 there, for 5o/., which he drew in notes from his pocket, 
 and permission to " send cows to the bull while he 
 lives." The man demurred when the money was paid, 
 and said rather sorrowfully to a friend afterwards, 
 " I might as well have had a hundred from Tommy 
 Bates he was so varra keen of him''* 
 
 * The Waterloo and Wild Eyes were fresh additions about the era of 
 Belvedere, from whose cross with Red Rose 9th came Cambridge Rose 
 ist ; and so well did it nick, that Belvedere was put on her in turn. At 
 the sale, however, this tribe was reduced to Cambridge Rose 5th, and 
 her two calves by Third Duke of York. The great triumph of Belve- 
 dere was still to come from another cross with his own daughter, 
 Duchess 34th, who beat Necklace at York. She had broken her fore- 
 leg, and Mr. Bates was within an ace of selling her to the Americans, 
 but luckily Mr. Whitaker got him off it, and she lived to produce the 
 Duke of Northumberland a few months after. With the exception of 
 this famous roan, she never bred any but red and whites, and Mr. Bates 
 was determined to try the effect of a third Belvedere cross with his prize 
 yearling at Oxford (which was own sister to the Fourth Duke of 
 Northumberland) if she had not been prematurely choked with a turnip. 
 To the eye of a well-known authority on these matters, " Duke" looked 
 a very delicate calf at five months ; but his owner, strong in the faith 
 of the double Favourite cross in Comet, which he had here striven to 
 emulate, drew himself proudly up, and said, " Well! sir, I have the 
 greatest hopes of him" After all his honours, " Duke" came to no very 
 glorious end, as he had been kept low for the purpose of being put on 
 Cleveland Lad's stock, and he died fairly maw-bound from the effects of 
 some mouldy hay, leaving the 2nd Duke of Oxford as the inheritor of 
 his honours. It was with " Duke" and the Oxford Cow, and his two 
 Duchess heifers, that Mr. Bates set forth and won every prize he showed 
 for at the first Meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society in 1839. 
 
154 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Mr. Bates had two very favourite maxims one 
 that he " could find forty men fit to be a Premier, for 
 one fit to judge shorthorns ;" and the other that there 
 was " no place for shorthorns, like the Valley of the 
 Wharfe." The late Mr. Whitaker and Mr. Fawkes of 
 Farnley have proved this to the full ; but it was left 
 
 They came in a steamboat to London, and walked to Oxford, and it 
 was said at the time that nothing but the presence of Mr. Bates, and 
 the soothing effect of his pat and his ''poor Duke!" prevented the bull 
 from slipping off the stage into the water when he turned awkward, 
 and declined to re-embark. With the victory of his Cambridge cow, 
 and eight months' bull-calf at Cambridge next year, and his bull Cleve- 
 land Lad at Liverpool, the Royal prize winning era of Mr. Bates 
 virtually ceased (in fact, he hardly ever showed again), and that of the 
 Booths began. 
 
 The Oxford tribe sprang from a cow by Matchem, supposed by St. 
 Albans, whom Mr. Bates accidentally bought after Mason's sale. He 
 did not admire his choice, and when she had bred a calf to Duke of 
 Cleveland, who ripened into the Oxford premium cow, she was packed 
 off to Darlington. Mr. Bates' lucky star was in the ascendant that 
 market-day, as no one would bid within 2/. of the 1 1/, which he had 
 set on her, and she afterwards calved Cleveland Lad, Cleveland 2nd 
 (the sire of Grand Duke), and Oxford 2nd, all to Shorttail by Belve- 
 dere. Her Oxford premium cow was deficient in girth and gaudy be- 
 hind, and in fact her owner was so ashamed of her in that point, that 
 when she was beaten by Bracelet at Berwick, he hung not a " calf-skin" 
 but a horse-rug "on those recreant limbs," and vowed he would show 
 her no more. Failure as she might be, there was no mistake as to the 
 cross between the Duke of Northumberland and her half-sister Oxford 
 2nd, resulting as it did in that fine bull, 2nd Duke of Oxford, who was 
 put on the Duchess tribe, and got five out of the eight plums on the 
 Kirklevington day. 
 
 At Mr. Bates's sale Lord Ducie was as undaunted as ever, and it was 
 nothing but being, in racing phrase, " a good beginner" which secured 
 him the 4th Duke of York so cheap. He had "determined to buy him, 
 or make him dear for some one ;" and he put him in so promptly at 
 200 guineas, that although one gentleman at least wished to have him 
 at two hundred more, a sort of stagnation supervened, amid which Mr. 
 Stafford's glass ran down. If the first bid had only been a hundred, 
 three at least would have gone on. It was this sale which first opened 
 that Duchess tribe to the world, which had been increasing, and then 
 dwindling at Kirklevington, during the forty years since " T. Bates, 
 Esq.," had been written opposite "38. Young Duchess, 2 years old, 
 by Comet, dam by Favourite, 183 guineas ;" in Mr. Kingston's catalogue 
 on the Ketton day. She was bulled by Comet at the time, and Mr. 
 Bates had never once deserted the blood except for one cross with 
 Stephenson's Belvedere. 
 
r THE 
 VN/VERS/TY 
 
 Tortworth 
 
 to Major Gunter to found a second Kirklevington on 
 its banks, and to vow that eternal allegiance to the 
 Duchesses and the Oxfords which their great founder 
 had done. His Wetherby Grange estate is well 
 adapted for its new colony, which moved there in the 
 August of 1857, from Earl's Court, near Kensington. 
 It consists of 600 acres on both sides of the river, 400 
 of which are kept in grass. The house once belonged 
 to " Kit Wilson," the owner of Comus, and the father 
 of the Turf, and some of his horses were trained in the 
 Park. 
 
 It was at Tortworth that the Major's steward, Mr. 
 Knowles, confirmed the rich experience he had gained 
 under Mr. Thomas Mason at Broughton, and gathered 
 the germs of that herd which he has so ably helped to 
 found for his new master. Tortworth, on August 24th, 
 l %53> was a veritable Bunker's Hill removed. Eng- 
 land was pitted against America once more the 
 guineas of the old country against the " almighty 
 dollars" of the new. Messrs. Morris and Becar bid by 
 their agent ; but Mr. Thorne did his own business, in a 
 cool Quaker-like style, with which it was almost hope- 
 less to cope. His first English purchase for Thorn- 
 dale was a 14-guinea bull-calf at Captain Pelham's 
 sale, which he afterwards sold for upwards of 300 
 guineas to the West of America. It is calculated that 
 he laid out at least fifteen thousand in five years on 
 shorthorns ; and he bought up fifty-two lots when the 
 Morris and Becar confederacy was dissolved by the 
 latter's untimely death, at prices which had hitherto 
 only been read of by his countrymen in the English 
 prints. But for Major Gunter and Mr. Tanqueray, 
 who upset all the wise counsels which had been taken 
 at the Gloucester caucus over-night, the Duchess tribe 
 would have departed bodily across the Atlantic.* 
 
 * Previous to the Tortworth sale, Major Gunter had only a few 
 A-lderneys and ordinary Shorthorns, and he had not made up his mind as 
 
156 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 The specialty of the Cleveland Show, when it was 
 held at Yarm, proved to be the fox terriers. On our 
 way down we tried in vain to impress upon a man, 
 whose Twitch and Viper and Myrtle were as fat as 
 guinea pigs, that the small and smooth whites were 
 the only orthodox sort, and that he must banish hope. 
 Of course he wouldn't have it. His dogs had Lamb- 
 ton and Fitzwilliam blood in them, and the former 
 " wur always hairy." That didn't convince us, so he 
 urged that " the Hurworth have been glad enough, 
 time upon times, to send for yon dog's grandfather to 
 get a fox out for them," and " as for his dam, she's 
 been painted ten times over." However, the owner of 
 the trio and sundry other vagrant professors of fox 
 drawing took nothing by their journey. One Peeping 
 
 to whether he should buy on that day ; but the bitter complaints of some 
 Gloucestershire farmers, who shared his waggon, as to the Americans 
 getting Duchess 59th fired him into action at last. He accordingly bid 
 200 guineas for the twentieth lot, Duchess 64th, but it was hardly 
 taken, and his 400 guineas was soon left in the rear by the Trans- 
 atlantic rivals. He did not touch the 7oo-guinea Duchess 66th, but 
 Duchess 67th, the fifteen-months' heifer by Usurer out of Duchess 59th 
 (the highest-priced female at the Kirklevington sale), fell to his nod for 
 350 guineas, and then Duchess 7<Dth by Duke of Glo'ster (11,382), out 
 of Duchess 66th, followed suit for 310 gs. She was only a trifle over 
 six weeks, and the Americans had no idea of leaving her ; but as one of 
 them said afterwards, it was " the way in which that other bidder said 
 * and ten guineas ' almost before my bidding was out of my mouth, 
 that made me falter and give in. " It was with these two and Duchess 
 6gth by 4th Duke of York, whom he afterwards bought privately at 
 nine months for 500 guineas from Mr. Tanqueray, that Major Gunter 
 commenced his herd. Duchess 67th was sent at a 25-guinea fee to 4th 
 Duke of Oxford, and Duchess 69th to Mr. Tanqueray's Duke of Cam- 
 bridge, who was afterwards so famed at Fawsley, and Duchess 72nd 
 and Archduke were the respective results. His next purchase was the 
 6th Duke of Oxford at Hendon, for 200 guineas, and his dam Oxford 
 nth for 500 guineas more, when she was just four years old. He 
 originally intended to have bought the Duke of Cambridge ; but Mr. 
 Strafford's glass ran out in favour of the Fawsley baronet, who, strange 
 to say, had his eye rather on the 6th Duke of Oxford. Lord Fever- 
 sham had shown his opinion of 5th Duke of Oxford by giving 300 
 guineas for him as a five months' calf at Tortworth, and he won at 
 Chester and Northallerton. 
 
Show of Terriers at Yarm. 157 
 
 Tom, who had found a friendly rent in the canvas of 
 the terrier tent soon told a cluster of owners their fate. 
 "Ah! man" says he to his next friend, " that lang 
 chap i't trearis reet eneugh ; they're leuking at nowt but 
 the slape coats and the white uns" And so it was, for 
 Captain Williams, a true lover of the sort, for Venom 
 and Rage of the Rufford's sake, had selected three 
 out of the sixteen whites for the prizes. Ben Morgan's 
 fourth son, little Joe, was lying on the top platform, 
 caressing Nettle vigorously in honour of her being 
 second. She was seven years old, and had done Ben 
 a world of honest service both in drawing and breed- 
 ing. Once she was land locked in an East Riding 
 earth with four badgers in front of her and two behind, 
 and Ben said it was like discovering a subterranean 
 Zoological Gardens. Martin Care of the Morpeth was 
 first with his two-year-old, Pincher, which had only 
 been three times in an earth, but as foxes take to 
 rocks, pit drifts, sandhills, and conduits pretty freely 
 in that country, he was in for a very rich and varied 
 experience. Charles Treadwell was third, with Wasp 
 or Tickler, but he hung rather more to Gyp, a broad- 
 breasted black-and-tan whose grandfather Jack had 
 been with him at Quorn and Coldstream. The six- 
 teen in the rough interest were of all colours, blue, 
 white, yellow, black-and-tan, and brown-and-white. 
 Their owners, of course, said that they wouldn't ex- 
 change theirs for the winners "no, not for two of em" 
 and also drew much comfort from the fact that a soli- 
 tary white " slape coat" had a wall eye. Mr. Hill's 
 Bonny Bell was the " sensation" foxhound of the day, 
 and the greatest character among the huntsmen was 
 Robert Bruce of the Haydon. He was a tall, lean, 
 hard-bitten sort of old fellow, clad in a velvet cap and 
 well stained scarlet swallow tails. He brought two 
 couple, but they were of a coarse, queer stamp, no 
 doubt " beggars to gari' among their native heather 
 and Scotch fir plantings, and ready, in the words of 
 
158 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 their guide, to " teer doon a fox lang afore these grand 
 bred uns they mak soe much talk of have f tin him" 
 
 After this we paid our tribute to the district's taste 
 for iron, and went for a little change among the com- 
 peting blacksmiths. Each of them had to forge a fore 
 and hind foot shoe out of scrap iron, to dress the fore 
 foot, and to fix the fore shoe only ; and a striker was 
 allowed in forging the shoes. A few village adherents 
 had got round some of the men, and gradually worked 
 them up into steam arm pace. One aspiring Tubal 
 Cain strung up his nerves to " do or die" in fifteen 
 minutes, and when the last nail was rivetted, he flung 
 himself, with grimy beads of perspiration starting from 
 his brow, quite melodramatically among a knot of his 
 supporters, with the ejaculation : " Hell be a queer y un 
 who licks me" We felt quite an interest in him after 
 such a Pogram defiance, and eventually discovered 
 him with the second prize ticket in his button-hole. 
 Still he did not conceal his chagrin that " a slow 28- 
 minute fellow" should have beaten him. The ruck 
 were much more demonstrative. One of them, who 
 said that he was " highly commended," shook his fist 
 quite savagely at his fellow, and said, " Dang ! Pll 
 have you for afi-pun note ony day" and desired to strip 
 then and there, and show his muscle gratis. 
 
 Two years glide by and we are once more passing 
 Yarm, its high-level bridge and its orchards, on a fine 
 August morning on our way to another Cleveland 
 Show at Redcar. Mr. Booth's Beechwood, after 
 winning at Grantham the day before, has been 
 scratched for the hunter prize and has left the train 
 at Northallerton, and his owner elects to stand on the 
 Van Galen gelding. There was no Preston Junction 
 hitch this year, but still sixteen miles an hour seems 
 our average rate of progression. On our right is the 
 new Stockton racecourse, commanding that " view of 
 the mineral hills," which the committee impressed so 
 much on race-horse owners in their Weatherby Book 
 
Hound Show at Redcar. 159 
 
 Calendar description of the ground. A few worn 
 posters of the previous October which tell that Mr. 
 Gladstone is underlined for a speech at Middlesboro', 
 and that those desirous to hear him can do so for 
 " one fare, there and back," prophesy of that dreary- 
 looking meadow where Voltigeur, The Cure, Fan- 
 dango, and Lord Fauconberg were first, second, and 
 highly commended for the " Cleveland Hundred 
 Pounds." On the left is the great estuary of the Tees, 
 studded with beacons looking like pigeon-houses to 
 mark its original channel, and a few gulls and a re- 
 cumbent donkey ar^ the only tenants of the broad 
 acres of ooze. To the right is the Cleveland vale, 
 above the grey remains of Guisboro' Abbey ; then the 
 sand-hills thicken, and grow most appropriately yellow 
 with dog standards, and the Redcar field, gay with 
 tents and union-jacks, and bits of scarlet bunting, and 
 with its hunters through which Lord Combermere 
 and Sir Watkin are just taking a run all in a row ; 
 to say nothing of Mr. Booth's Queen of the Vale and 
 Lord Zetland's white bull Savile, is safely reached at 
 last. 
 
 Captain Percy Williams was the Cresswell of the 
 hound bench, and we never saw him work harder and 
 balance the points more carefully in the course of his 
 enormous judicial practice, both sitting as judge at 
 Nisi Prins at Brocklesby and In Banco in the West 
 and North Ridings. Mr. Anstruther Thomson, who, 
 like his man " Fred," looked from the first as if he was 
 mentally laying two to one on his chance, sat about 
 the centre of the front row, with his arm in a sling, 
 the result of a chop in the woodlands not with his 
 hounds, but an axe. There, too, were Sir David 
 Baird and Mr. Kinloch, with their entries from the 
 Lothians, the present Lord Feversham, and, though 
 last not least, Mr. Tom Andrews, who was all anxiety 
 to see " Our Old Sultan" brought out. The old dog 
 was rather bashful in such high company, and went to 
 
1 60 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 ground under the flooring of the temporary kennel. 
 In vain did the whip lie on his stomach for minutes, 
 and practise every endearing wile : " Come Sultan ! 
 poor auld fellow, come here man ! Poor atild dog ! 
 there's natbody sal hot thou /" as he had finally to be 
 drawn for inspection like a badger. 
 
 When the Cheshire and Lord Wemyss's had come 
 and gone back, Turpin, who had been making himself 
 generally useful as first whip on the flags, opened the 
 Fife kennel. Out came the three couple looking all 
 life and freshness, as well they might, seeing that Mr. 
 Thomson and " Fred" had given them a long scamper 
 over the sand and among the breakers like a troop of 
 mermaids, that morning. Father Neptune owed them 
 a good turn, as the year before he made such a dread- 
 ful rough night of it on the Frith of Forth that they 
 could not be got across, so they were all left behind 
 save Syren. That beauty of Guisboro' had been 
 kicked and killed since then, and her daughter Sym- 
 pathy was one of these three couple. Dairymaid 
 was also put in for Rector, but though she let them 
 down a bit, Captain Williams declared that, save and 
 except the Belvoir Dryden bitches, he had never seen 
 finer. 
 
 The Cheshire were out again, and again Sir Watkin 
 was sweet on the yellow pyes ; then-the Yarborough, 
 and lastly Earl Wemyss's and the final discussion 
 began in earnest. Captain Williams whipped out his 
 tape-line once more ; and had a few last words with 
 Major Fletcher. Mr. Milbanke took one of his long 
 quiet surveys, pencil in hand ; and Sir Watkin drew 
 his hand anxiously across his face, as if he was in 
 judicial difficulties, as indeed they all were. The 
 Cheshire could not win on the strength of one couple, 
 and they had too much flesh ; while the Yarborough 
 lots were not well put together, and seemed uneven, 
 " when it came to a squeeze." It was clearly reduced 
 to a Scottish contest Fife v. Coldstream. The Bench 
 
Photographing the Huntsmen. 161 
 
 directed Turpin " to show cause" once more. Then 
 there was another hitch, but the issue was narrowed 
 to two and a half couple, by settling that Dairymaid 
 should be set off against Rubicon (the very weak point 
 of the Coldstream lot) ; and then the Fife had it 
 unanimously. When the stallion hounds were brought 
 out, it was a grand sight to see Jack Parker, of the 
 Sinnington, once more in his red waistcoat, bring up 
 Clinker, and discuss his points with the judges in the 
 slender intervals he could spare from the more pleasing 
 discussion of that gigantic sandwich which he grasped 
 in his sturdy left. However, Clinker soon came to 
 grief like the sandwich. 
 
 Then the photographing of the huntsmen began, 
 and Mr. Thomson sat on the reserve benches as a 
 sort of committee of taste. Jack Parker had nw im- 
 mense difficulty as to the disposal of his hands for 
 posterity. He got them out of sight at last, while 
 Ben Morgan placed his right on his shoulder. William 
 Smith looked injured at the decisions, but still the 
 very picture of calm resignation. Turpin's air, on the 
 contrary, was decidedly jubilant ; he folded his arms 
 like a Canning, and put his right foot forward. Will 
 Chaning's neat lissom figure needed no pose but the 
 natural one. Either a busy, big man with a stick or 
 the photographer-in-chief objected to his holding his 
 hands behind his back ; but Mr. Thomson was down 
 upon him in an instant : " No ! no ! that's the way 
 he always stands. As you were, Will'' Then there 
 was a difficulty about Mr. Tom Parrington, but three 
 chairs were brought, and "Tom" was seated on one 
 of them next the table, which was radiant with silver 
 prizes, and two huntsmen were grouped on each side 
 of him. So far so good. The offside sitter was told 
 to nurse his leg, and the other to direct his gaze 
 more at Mr. Parrington, who held a hunting-whip. 
 Then the operator adjured them all to " look as pleasant 
 as possible" and Jack Parker (with an expression bor- 
 
 M 
 
1 62 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 dering on the seraphic) straightway inquired, " A re we 
 to leuk right forard at that thing ? proceed /" and 
 the operator did proceed, and hit them off the 
 first time, and several visitors ordered a copy on the 
 spot. 
 
 Croft, at wh<*se inn Thormanby, Lord of the Isles, 
 Oxford, Costa, Scottish Chief, and Loiterer have all 
 stood under Tom Winteringham's charge, anJ in whose 
 paddock the weary bones of old Alice Hawthorne 
 are at rest, is about three miles from Neasham Hall. 
 We pass the well-remembered kennels of the Hur- 
 worth, where Will Danby held rule so long, and the 
 paddocks of the old mare Shot. Of late years a 
 totally new set of boxes have been built at Neasham 
 Hall. The old ones did their duty, as Kettledrum, 
 Dundee, Regalia, and Mincemeat were reared there, 
 and the new have made their mark early with For- 
 mosa a Two Thousand, One Thousand, Oaks, and 
 St. Leger winner combined as well as " the trim 
 Brigantine." Mr. Cookson has bred four Oaks win- 
 ners in sixteen years, three of them in the last four 
 years, the first and second for the Derby in 1861, and 
 the first and second for the St. Leger in 1868. Until 
 he purchased Sweetmeat in 1 847 for 300 guineas at 
 Mr. A. W. Hill's sale, he only kept two brood mares. 
 His first sire Sweetmeat stayed at Neasham for three 
 seasons, and was succeeded by Cossack, Fandango, 
 and Buccaneer for two seasons each, and by Caterer 
 and Macaroni for one each, and now Lord Lyon and 
 The Earl are in residence. The air is fine and bracing, 
 and in the far distance the sheeted strings may be 
 seen, through a glass, at exercise near the Richmond 
 "Grey Stone Inn." There is every kind of ground in 
 the paddocks, and it is Mr. Cookson's principle never 
 to let the foals and yearlings be out longer than three 
 hours at a time. They are then taken in for two 
 hours, and, weather permitting, turned out again in 
 the course of the afternoon, and always taken m at 
 
The Neasham Hall Stud. 163 
 
 night. The rest at noon for two hours is particularly 
 advantageous, as the mares are tied up and the foals 
 have the chance of eating their corn and lying down 
 when they have done so. They are thus refreshed and 
 able to enjoy the afternoon's turn-out. 
 
 Mr. Cookson began with an old mare, Gadfly, by 
 Irish Mayfly, which once belonged to Colonel West- 
 enera. Then came the one-eyed Hybla by The 
 Provost, and the dam of Kettledrum, which was given 
 him by his uncle, Mr. John Cookson, as a four-year- 
 old. Marmalade (the dam of Dundee) was bred by 
 Mr. Wood of Aycliffe, and only cost 4.0!. The late John 
 Gill had her and trained her for two months, but could 
 not " report progress," and hence her price. Fan- 
 dango, Sweet Pea, The Gem, and Lady Macdonald 
 all of them by Touchstone, after whose blood Mr 
 Cookson has sought most eagerly were gradually 
 added to the Neasham store, as well as four mares at 
 the Sledmere .Sale, three of them by Daniel O'Rourke. 
 The grey Ella, came from Lord Londesborough's sale, 
 and Secret and Miss Julia became component parts 
 of the dozen, which has generally been the full strength 
 of the company. Miss Julia has been very unlucky, 
 and lost her three first foals. 
 
 The Gem only cost 120 guineas at a York auction, 
 and was sold by Mr. Cookson to the Austrians. After 
 Regalia had won the Oaks, he sold Buccaneer to them, 
 and got The Gem in part payment with a two-year- 
 old Sister to Regalia, a whole-coloured brown mare. 
 He had always a great fancy for Buccaneer, but the 
 horse did not take with the public, and it was only by 
 skilful management that he secured his thirty mares, 
 the very least that a young sire should have for a real 
 chance of early success. Only half the foals on an 
 average come to the post, and the dams of many of 
 those may not " nick " with the horse in blood. Some 
 hold that half-a-dozen of good mares are more likely 
 to make a horse than twenty bad ones ; but numeri- 
 
 M 2 
 
1 64 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 cally a horse must be served, if he is ever to make a 
 name, and some of the best racers have sprung from 
 the most unlikely dams. His yearlings held the 
 yard when we were last there, and we could not help 
 remarking that a great many of them were like Fan 
 dango in their type. Boucan (own brother to Brigan- 
 tine) most especially, bore a strong resemblance to 
 that horse, and curiously enough Brigantine is in shape 
 precisely the sort of filly Fandango got. Formosa 
 was the queen of the lot that year, and Mr. Cookson 
 could hardly make up his mind not to train her. He 
 bought her in at Doncaster for 700 guineas, and slept 
 upon it, and next morning he sought Mr. Graham, 
 who had bid 690 guineas out of respect to Regalia. 
 That lucky gentleman was seated at breakfast, and 
 when he heard Mr. Cookson's mission, he signed a 
 cheque for 700 guineas without more ado, and then 
 resumed his egg. The bargain did not take up two 
 minutes, and the mare won him 2O,38o/. in her first 
 two seasons. So much for prompt decision and " fol- 
 lowing the blood." 
 
 The now-deserted kennels at Neasham Abbey re- 
 mind the hunting man of many a good day, when the 
 late Mr. Wilkinson had the Hurworth. His last day 
 in the field was on December i/th, 1861, when the 
 hounds met at Croft, and found a fox in Forty Acres, 
 which was killed at Warmire, near Halnaby, after a 
 clipper of \\ hours. The chestnut brood mare Shot 
 survived her master by five years, and then she ended 
 her days honourably in the copper of the Hurworth. 
 Will Danby is now at his old home near Askham 
 Bogs. The last time we saw him he was paying his 
 annual visit to York Races, and he and Captain Percy 
 Williams, whom he claims to have entered to hounds, 
 were talking of old days in Holderness by the side of 
 the cords, instead of attending to Lady Allcash and 
 the Members' Plate. It was there Will told us the 
 story of Sparkler (by Badsworth Dashwood from York 
 
Sparkler of the Hurwor, 
 
 and Ainsty Susan), one of a litter of three couple, all at 
 work in their third season, and all good. This dog's at- 
 tachment to Mr. Tom Parrington when he hunted the 
 pack was marvellous ; and when he broke his arm, 
 and sat down on a bank by a gate-post, waiting for a 
 chaise to take him home, George who had got the rest 
 of the pack away with great difficulty, was obliged to 
 leave Sparkler sitting beside him, and looking up 
 quite sorrowfully into his huntsman's face. He fol- 
 lowed the chaise on the road as far as the kennels, and 
 when it did not turn in there, but drove right on to 
 Hurworth, poor Sparkler could not make it out at all. 
 His argument was curt enough : my huntsman always 
 turns in there when we come back from hunting ; he 
 hasn't done so ; therefore, he cannot be in that chaise 
 which I have been following. Hence, to the astonish- 
 ment of Will Danby, Sparkler felt for the line for a 
 few minutes in the kennel field, and then galloped 
 back a mile to the place of the accident once more. 
 George found him there that night ; and the poor dog's 
 joy when his huntsman spoke to him next day through 
 the peep-hole into the kennel, and more especially 
 when he was admitted to an interview in the feeding- 
 house, was quite overwhelming. Sparkler clave to 
 Mr. Parrington when he ceased to hunt the Hurworth, 
 and he now lies buried under the large Portugal laurel 
 in his garden at Normanby. 
 
 But we must hie across the country to Aldborough, 
 to have a word with the " Nestor of Shorthorns." It 
 is more than half a century since Mr. Wetherell com- 
 menced with shorthorns on the farm near Pierce Bridge, 
 where he was born. The shorthorn fame of his native 
 county had been about coeval with his own birth in 
 1792, and long before he commenced his maiden herd 
 at Holm House in 1816, "the haughty southrons" had 
 learnt to regard Durham as a very Goshen of cream 
 and beef, and as holding a sort of charmed existence, 
 under such proverbially cold and weeping skies. Those 
 
1 66 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 spirited biddings which he heard as a lad beneath the 
 lime-trees at Ketton were not lost upon him ; and 
 hence, eight years afterwards, he set out on the 
 Barmpton day with a determination to go in merrily 
 on his own account. Thirty-four of the cows, and 
 four of the heifers under twelve months old, had been 
 knocked down before he caught Mr. Robinson's eye ; 
 and then lots 41 and 43 Lady Anne and Cleopatra, 
 both of them full of George and Favourite blood 
 became his for 100 and 133 guineas, and wended their 
 way to Holm House that night* 
 
 * Their luck was rather chequered, as Lady Anne died in calving 
 twins, and Cleopatra followed up a heifer which never bred, with the 
 very first-class bull Belzoni (1709) by North Star (459). As he had 
 hired this bull from Robert Colling, and used him for two seasons before 
 the sale, Mr. Wethsrell did not care to bid for him : but, although he 
 was eleven years old, the "by Favourite, dam by Punch" strain induced 
 that rare judge, Mr. Lax, to give 72 guineas for him. Time, however, 
 proved him to have been the real lode-star of the Holm House fortunes, 
 as he got not only the famous Rosanna during his stay, but two rare 
 bulls, Magnet (2240) and St. Leger (1414), the latter of which Mr. 
 Wetherell sold to Mr. John Rennie, of Haddingtonshire, for 250 
 guineas. Young St. Leger was also no small favourite. 
 
 In 1828 Mr. Wetherell sold off all his Shorthorns, and left Holm 
 House; and in 1833 we find him living "beneath the Gothic shade" 
 of Durham Cathedral, and commencing a new herd at Newton Hall, 
 some three miles distant. His spirit and fine judgment had still greater 
 scope in this second essay. He bred the Duke of Clarence (9040) and 
 King Dick (9269), and sold the latter at fourteen months old to Lord 
 Hill for 120 guineas. He also gave 250 guineas for the Earl of Dur- 
 ham (5965) to Mr. Miller, of Ballumby, Perthshire, but "The Earl" 
 died in less than six months, leaving only three of his get behind him, 
 which, by way of set-off to such ill luck, averaged 106 guineas at the 
 hammer, when under twelve months old. Duke of Cornwall cost him 
 a hundred guineas, but he used him and then let him for that sum, and 
 sold him for 200 guineas to Earl Ducie in 1842. The estimation in 
 which the herd was held speaks best through the fact that at the sale in 
 1*847 f ur animals realised 50x3 guineas. 
 
 It had been strengthened from time to time by very spirited pur- 
 chases. Emperor (1839), with his dam Blossom, and his grandam 
 Spring Flower, passed into it at Mr. Button's, of Gate Burton, sale for 
 250 guineas. 100 guineas, and 70 guineas eacTi ; and in 1846 Emperor 
 justified his price by upholding the honour of the district, as first prize- 
 man in the second class, at the Royal Show at Newcastle, against two 
 dozen rivals. Mr. Banks Stanhope's prize heifer also met sixteen at the 
 
Mr. Wether ell's Herds. 167 
 
 His last or fourth herd numbered about fifty head, 
 fifteen of them bulls, and was located at the High 
 Grange, near Melsonby, where Mr. Wetherell took 
 quarters for them in consequence of not meeting with 
 a suitable farm. A drive of three miles from Aid- 
 borough brings you to the spot, which is nearly the 
 
 same show, and Lord Feversham's, Mr. Booth's, Mr. Trotter's, and 
 Mr. Wetherell's were all highly commended. Barmpton Rose was also 
 an illustrious unit in the Newton Hall herd ; but after Mr. Wetherell 
 had bred Princess Royal from her, he sold her in calf with Buttercup to 
 Mr. Henry Watson, of Walkeringham, at her prime cost, 53 guineas ; 
 and at that gentleman's sale she and her nine descendants made 1033 
 guineas. Mr. Wetherell had originally purchased the mare Morsel for 
 about the same sum, sent her to Physician, and sold her when she was 
 in foal of The Cure ; and so, in this instance, the embryo calf Butter- 
 cup became the dam of Butterfly, who, when crossed with the once- 
 neglected Frederick, produced not only the unbeaten, but the highest- 
 priced bull that the world ever saw. This is not Mr. Wetherell's only 
 connexion with the Towneley herd, as Mr. Eastwood purchased 
 Blanche 5th, by Bates's renowned Duke of Northumberland, out of 
 Blanche 2nd, from him, and bore off Roan Duchess, by Whittington,' 
 out of Red Duchess, by Cleveland Lad 2nd, as well. Red Duchess 
 and Blanche 5th were both bought by Mr. Wetherell from Mr. Maw, 
 who had in his turn bought Blanche 5th from Mr. Bates. Mr. East- 
 wood's pair kept each other company, not only in the journey to Lan- 
 cashire, but through their daughters in after years, in the yard at the 
 Chelmsford Royal, where, after passing into Colonel Towneley's hands, 
 Roan Duchess 2nd was first in the cow class, and the red-and-white 
 Blanche 6th next to her. 
 
 It was with Blanche 5th and Red Duchess that Mr. Wetherell com- 
 menced his third herd at Kirkbridge in 1848 ; and three years after 
 The Earl of Scarborough (by Roan Duke, a pure Bates bull) who was 
 bred by Mr. Maw, : and bought along with his dam at the Tetley sale, 
 carried off the head prize at Windsor, for the best bull in Class I. 
 Still, his success had many serious drawbacks, as twenty- four of his 
 cows died of pleuro-pneumonia, and thirty-three cast their calves ; but 
 the herd was gradually rising into note once more, when, in conse- 
 quence of circumstances well known, Mr. Wetherell gave up his Kirk- 
 bridge farm, where he had once hoped to end his days, and went to 
 reside about a mile off at Aldborough. He did not, however, relinquish 
 breeding entirely ; and, faithful to the blood of The Earl of Scar- 
 borough, he brought his daughters, Lady Scarborough and The Duchess 
 of Northumberland (who goes back with two crosses of Belvedere to 
 "Sockburn Sail," by John Coates's bull) along with him ; and these, 
 with M' *s Rose, Cosy, and a few others, formed the germ of the fourth 
 herd. 
 
1 68 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 most elevated in the neighbourhood. Diddersley 
 Hill, with its sparse covering of whin and heather, 
 stands bleak and brown on the south, partially inter- 
 cepting the view towards Richmond, which is seven 
 miles away. There was once a castle on it, and as 
 you pass through a half-crumbling turreted archway, 
 you fancy that, even if it be only tenanted by the 
 owls and the bats, there must of a surety be one 
 still ; but not one stone is left upon another. You 
 soon find that your castle is in the air, and that you 
 have just passed through the mere portal to a moor. 
 Mr. Wetherell's holding was up two or three fields 
 to the left. The farm-buildings look desolate enough, 
 and exposed to all the fury of the west wind, but 
 there was a snugness and comfort in all the arrange- 
 ments, down to the canvas curtains and the whin 
 bushes on the gates, which proved, without even 
 seeing the result in the beautiful condition of the 
 cattle, that Mr. Wetherell and his trusty herdsman, 
 John Ward, had not battled with the elements in vain. 
 Lady Scarboro', an old dame of stately presence, 
 broad back, and prominent breast, and the roan Cosy 
 vere the leading dowagers of those sheds, and the 
 roan Moss Rose, whose public life had been one 
 series of brilliant seconds to Nectarine Blossom, was 
 grouped in a Ward bouquet with . her daughters 
 Ayrshire and the buxom Stanley Rose. John's lot 
 was cast with her in troubled times hereafter, in the 
 " fatal walk she took through Holyhead ;" but now 
 she had only to lift her gay little head, and come 
 marching straight towards us with that massive Bride 
 Elect bosom, as if the Durham County wreath were 
 already her own. Next came the curly, white head 
 of that handsome bull Statesman, with those rare 
 lengthy quarters, and a 26-inch measurement from 
 the tail to the huggins. Much as Mr. Wetherell liked 
 this bull, he considers that his best was one by Young 
 Albion, from the dam of Rosanna, for which he would 
 
Mr. Wet her ell's Herds. 169 
 
 not have taken 500 guineas, and yet he had to shoot 
 him for fear of manslaughter. 
 
 The sale day was one to be much remembered, 
 and the Moor looked all life as the shorthorn men, 
 who had been entertained^ royally at the King's Head 
 over-night, poured into it, and found their host in his 
 white waistcoat on a pony, acting as field-marshal, 
 while the 48 lots, bar infants, were being marched 
 round in tribes. A blue bullock-van, with "The 
 Cumberland Ox" in six-inch letters on its side, did 
 duty as catalogue and counting-house. The Union 
 Jack floated above the Durham Horticultural tent, 
 and the voice of the revellers was pitched in its 
 highest key, when Mr. Wetherell said a few feeling 
 words to neighbours and " auld acquentance" (as 
 Billy Pierce always phrased it), and poor Jackson, then 
 just midway in his race career " at lusty one-and- 
 thirty," returned thanks for the Turf, coupled with 
 himself and Saunterer. Mr. Sam Wiley and Mr. 
 Charge were both there, and the latter called to mind, 
 as he stood bowed and feeble with years, and leaning 
 on the arm of a friend, how nearly nine-and-forty 
 years before, he had joined to buy " a leg of Comet," 
 and how none of his three partners remained to tell 
 the tale. Mr. Jacques, a great winner and breeder 
 when dementi was in the land, looked on, and so did 
 Mr. Nesham, the owner of old Usurer, who lasted 
 until his fourteenth year. Mr. Richard Booth stood 
 by with a quiet chuckle, and Mr. John Booth was the 
 Branches Commissioner. Her ladyship listened 
 anxiously in her brougham, till the relentless "and 
 ten" upon " ten" stopped at " 300 for Lady Pigot" 
 (loud cheering), and Stanley Rose was proclaimed the 
 prima donna of the day. Mr. Drewry was not to be 
 denied for Cosy and Comfort, nor Mr. Doig for Moss 
 Rose and Ayrshire Rose. 73 gs. average for 48 
 lots was the final return from the waggon, and a roan 
 heifer-calf by King Arthur, from Duchess of North- 
 
1 70 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 umberland, was the only memento left. After that, 
 Mr. Wetherell formed no more herds, and wound up 
 by breeding two or three thoroughbred foals from a 
 Flying Dutchman mare. The neighbourhood was 
 not drained of prize shorthorns when the forty-eight 
 had gone. Mr. Wood of Stanwick, a close neighbour 
 of Mr. Wetherell's, won the first aged prize with Lord 
 Adolphus, against both Lord of the Harem and Prince 
 Frederick at Battersea in '62. Four years after, his 
 beautiful cow Corinne stood first at the Plymouth 
 Royal and the Yorkshire, and it was from heifers of 
 his breeding that Mr. Mitchell of Alloa bred some 
 Highland Society prize winners. 
 
 " Nestor's" little home at Aldborough has many 
 a herd memento on its walls. There is the cow bred 
 by Mr. Thomas Booth, which he sold at two years 
 old to Mr. Carter of Theakstone, and then bought 
 back at beef price and put to Comus (1861). She had 
 three heifers, and Mr. Rennie, senior, of Phantassie, 
 bid him 500 guineas for them, and ended by buying 
 the oldest out of the pasture for 250 guineas. The 
 second went to Mr. Whitaker. Three roans are there 
 from Herring's hand, and painted in Memnon's year, 
 when he was a struggling coachman artist in Spring 
 Gardens, Doncaster. Comet (155) is said to be the 
 only one by Weaver in existence.* Mr. Wetherell 
 always thought Comet too long, but still a more 
 elegant bull than Duke of Northumberland, who 
 had also to struggle against rather upright shoulders. 
 Comet's kith and kin are there in St. John and Gaudy* 
 by Favourite, bred by Mason, who always loved good 
 hair. Still, perhaps one of the greatest triumphs is 
 the old sow of the Elemore, or rather the Bakewell 
 breed. She was one of a litter of eight sows and two 
 boars, and the former won the first prize in eight 
 successive years at CoKdilleras, near Richmond. 
 
 " Bid me discourse" is an invitation Mr. Wetherell 
 never shrank from ; and, with the Brothers Colling, 
 
 * These pictures are now in Mr. Thornton's office^ in London, 
 
Mr. Wether ell's Herds. 171 
 
 Mr. Thomas Booth, Sir Tatton Sykes, Captain Bar- 
 clay, and Mr. Wiley on his walls, it would be strange 
 if he did not sit by the hour in his easy chair, and tell 
 of old times and shorthorn doings when they were all 
 in the flesh. At times the gig comes for the Chief 
 Baron to go over and spend a few days at Killerby 
 and Warlaby. He presides there in great state at 
 those " high private trials" of shorthorns under the: 
 trees in the home garth, and cites the Charity prece- 
 dents. Mr. John Outhwaite frequently assists, and 
 adopting a mode of practice quite unknown to the 
 Westminster law courts, that learned baron generally 
 backs his opinion from the bench for one, if not two, 
 new hats. On the knotty subject of the Leicester 
 yearling heifers, the Court, which never objects to 
 " liquor up" during the most weighty discussion, 
 divided two and two. 
 
 " Great constitution" is Mr. Wetherell's leading 
 tenet, but " great size" never was ; and if he does 
 illustrate it, he goes to Colonel Cradock, who gloried 
 in it, and whose " Magnum Bonum was like the Great 
 Eastern." He always considers that Earl Spencer 
 began the bull trade, and made shorthorns, so to 
 speak, fashionable with the landlords. It was the 
 thing to go to Wiseton, more especially about the St. 
 Leger time, and if visitors liked a cow, they bargained 
 to give 5<D/. for the produce. The Earl crossed in till 
 he sacrificed constitution they had thin fore-quarters 
 and no breasts ; and it was then that Mason, a very 
 clever first-rate judge, a hater of " fool's fat" and open 
 shoulders, and most decided about fore-quarters and 
 a good neck-vein, came to the Earl's aid. Whitaker 
 was a great keeper, and all for the milk-bag, and 
 Bates' mellow, light-fleshed sort grew less and less 
 robust they would get fat, but they would not swell 
 and thicken like the Booths, which will stand any 
 amount of high pressure. Such is a mere fragment 
 of his confession of shorthorn faith. 
 
1 72 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Prices may at times have been wild and fanciful, 
 and 250 guineas may seem an extravagant bull-hire, 
 but still buying good beasts and holding to approved 
 tribes, even at a large outlay, is the most profitable 
 policy in the long run. There is some method in the 
 " madness" which would give 125 guineas for " Oxford 
 nth" as a calf, 250 guineas for her as a three-year- 
 old, and 500 guineas for her as a cow, on the only three 
 occasions that this dam of " Fifth Duke of Oxford"- 
 the first prize aged bull at Chester, and a 3OOguinea 
 purchase at six months old was brought into the 
 sale-ring. When we look back to the calm foresight 
 of the Brothers Colling ; the courageous confidence of 
 Mason, the Rev. Henry Berry, and Whitaker ; " Tommy 
 Bates," and all his animated lectures on touch and 
 form in his pastures, or on the show-ground ; " A 
 quiet day at Wiseton ;" the dashing cow and heifer 
 contests between Towneley, Booth, and Douglas ; the 
 victories of " Duchess 77th" and " The Twins ;" the 
 dispersion of the late Jonas Webb's herd at the steady, 
 paying average of 55/. los. for 145 ; the brilliant 
 gathering which appraised the " Butterflies ;" the 
 8i8o/. at Willis's Rooms for seventeen Grand Dukes 
 and Duchesses ; and the two May Meetings of '67 
 in Kent and Essex, and then scan the result in so 
 many fairs and pastures, we may well feel that short- 
 horns have repaid all the money, thought, and labour 
 which have been expended upon them. Still, in one 
 way only can their supremacy be made permanent 
 by always keeping in mind the rule by which our first 
 breeders have been guided, that " a good beast must 
 be a good beast, however it has come ; but that it is to 
 pedigree alone that we can trust for succession."* 
 
 * A great portion of this chapter is extracted from a Prize Essay on 
 Shorthorns (H. H. D. ) in the Royal Agricultural Society's Journal for 
 1865. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 *' If civilized people were ever to lapse into the worship of animals, 
 the cow would certainly be their chief goddess. What a fountain oi 
 blessing is a cow ! She is the mother of beef, the source of butter, 
 the original cause of cheese, to say nothing of shoe-horns, hair- 
 combs, and upper leathers. A gentle, amiable, ever-yielding creature, 
 who has no joy in her family affairs which she does not share with man. 
 We rob her of her children, that we may rob her of her milk, and we 
 only care for her that the robbery may be perpetuated. " 
 
 Household Words. 
 
 Eccentric Sporting Characters Mr. Bruere's Herd His Booth Tree 
 John Osborne Mr. Anthony Maynard Killerby and Warlaby Re- 
 collections Mr. John Jackson Lord Feversham's Herd "Old 
 Anna" Mr. Samuel Wiley Mr. Borton's Leicesters. 
 
 YORKSHIRE is so essentially the county of 
 sportsmen, orthodox or eccentric, that it may 
 not be out of place to say a word about the latter in 
 every part of England before we deal with its Sykes, 
 its Gully, and its Tom Hodgson, &c. The records of 
 them are very slight, in fact often nothing more than 
 a mere passing mention in the Gentleman 's Magazine. 
 Of Miss Ann Richards of the Ashdown Club, we 
 have spoken.* Miss Mary Breeze of Lynn had also 
 good greyhounds, and took out a shooting licence, 
 and when she died she left special Suttee sort of 
 orders, that her mare and her dogs should be shot, 
 and all buried with her. Among eccentric-clerico 
 characters, we find Cotton, a clergyman of Kew, 
 whose snare was his dog and gun, and who had them 
 generally waiting for him at his vestry door as soon as 
 service was over. It was, we believe, said of him, that 
 he put on his surplice in order to get a better shot at 
 snipes in snow time. Robinson of Kendal had a horse, 
 but he never got on to it. In fact, he always led it on 
 
 * " Scott and Sebright," p. 244. 
 
1 74 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 its journeys, and if any friend asked the loan of it, 
 there was the stereotyped excuse, " / cannot go to lead 
 for tkee" He invariably took out a game licence, and 
 kept several setters, but he never fired a gun, although 
 he was always going to become a British sportsman 
 " next season," up to his death, at 84. The nastiest 
 part about him was, that if he knew that a man coveted 
 a dog or a gun at a sale, or elsewhere, he would buy 
 it at any price, purely to deprive him of it. 
 
 Mr. Vernon, one of the " fathers of the turf," was 
 great as a wall-fruit amateur, and he astonished the 
 Newmarket gardeners by his new mode of forcing 
 peaches. " Count" O'Kelly, the owner of Eclipse, 
 divided his attentions between the mighty chestnut 
 and a parrot, for which he gave 50 guineas, besides 
 paying the woman's expenses with it from South- 
 ampton. It was a wonderful musician, and they do 
 say that it would go back to the erring bar if it made 
 a mistake in whistling a tune. The Count, however, 
 recited no parrot formula to his nephew about betting, 
 but left pretty plain instructions in his will that he 
 was to forfeit 5OO/. for every bet he made. When 
 Mr. Trinket died, it was written of him that he was a 
 " perfumer without Temple Bar, and well known at 
 Newmarket ;" and Edward Pennyman, the saddler of 
 Holborn, earned a posthumous chaplet, to the effect 
 that he " first invented the hogskin saddle, and rode a 
 match over the Beacon." Bartley, the boot-maker, 
 must have been jealous of his fame, when he rode 
 Pegasus in Phosphorus's year. Mark Cobden's prowess 
 was confined to " making the largest arm" of any man 
 breathing at Goodwood, as he threw a 5^-ounce 
 cricket-ball there 119 yards, and beat Earl Win- 
 chilsea by 3. 
 
 The very odd racing characters seem to have 
 lived chiefly in the North and Midlands. One died 
 net so many years since, so let him rest ; his pecu- 
 liarities are embalmed in the records of a great trial ; 
 
Eccentric Sporting Characters. 175 
 
 but why not a word for Mr. Matthew Briggs, who re- 
 spected the turf so much that he only condescended 
 to wear a shirt when he went to Derby and Lichfield 
 races ! The life of Hurst of Rawcliffe is, we are told, 
 the only light reading in which the water-drinkers at 
 Askern Spa, near Doncaster, indulge. About 1830, 
 he was quite a hero in that district. A fox, a bull, 
 and an otter were his chosen pets, and his coffin did 
 chest duty. When he went out shooting he rode the 
 bull, and taught the pigs and the dogs to do the 
 quartering and retrieving. His waistcoat was com- 
 posed of drakes' necks, and when he drove his asses 
 or dogs in his own home-made carnage to the St. 
 Leger, he distributed notes for $\d., " payable to John 
 Bull on the Bank of Rawcliffe." Lumley Kettlewell 
 was of a far higher caste, and horses, dogs (which kept 
 up a roving commission among the shambles to save 
 their lives), a fox, a Maltese ass, ducks, and a monkey 
 were the solace of his existence, and resided under his 
 roof. He got in at his window by a ladder, and 
 packed himself at nights into a crate of straw for heat. 
 While his bank notes were lying about his drawers, 
 and were on one occasion devoured by rats, he was 
 eating cocks' heads and rabbits' feet, and any offal he 
 could light on. Looking up racehorse pedigrees was 
 his delight, and if he went to a friend's, he would seat 
 himself right in front of the fire, plant his elbows 
 between his knees, and study the Calendar in silence 
 from morning till night. 
 
 Fox and hare-hunting have had some very queer 
 votaries. An American writer remarks that we musf 
 be a cheerful-hearted people, as we clip our garden 
 hedges into fantastic shapes here an urn, and there 
 a crowing cock. A turnpike man beguiled his weari- 
 ness in somewhat the same way, but he would not 
 rest short of a horse and rider, and during the hunting- 
 season he put the man into a scarlet coat. Other 
 enthusiasts have been even more practical and per- 
 
1 76 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 severing in their homage. Stephen Wood, who was 
 blind, followed the hounds at 84 without a guide. 
 Those who do not " dread to speak of '98" may re- 
 member how well the Rev. E. Stokes of Blaby rode, 
 and how a little bell was rung by his attendant when- 
 ever there was a fence. A blind officer performed 
 still more boldly with The Duke's, but a friend's 
 voice was sufficient for him. George Kirton attended 
 "the unkennelling of the fox" ("Sylvanus Urban" is 
 rather funny among terms of art) till he was turned a 
 hundred. Geordie Robinson's enthusiasm carried him 
 through many a hard day on foot with the Sherborne, 
 and under the belief that he was a duke, he bedecked 
 himself with ribbons and laurel. He was, however, as 
 nothing to Tom Roberts, who hunted harriers at Kir- 
 mond, in Lincolnshire. Calves he had none, and he 
 was equally ill off below the elbow. Still he had a 
 voice of great volume, and a little excrescence like 
 the joint of a thumb on one elbow, which seemed to 
 answer for hands, and everything else. Ned of the 
 West was an excellent master of harriers ; and glasses, 
 engraved with horses and dogs, were his household 
 specialty. Bridges divided his allegiance between 
 harriers and silk-handkerchiefs ; but there was nothing 
 of the man milliner about him for all that, as he once 
 rode down the Brighton Devil's Dyke at full gallop, 
 for a bet of 5OO/. Even in their last hours the peculiar 
 tastes of these worthies did not leave them. John 
 Hornby was buried in 1739, near Newmarket, wearing 
 his jockey cap " by express desire," and with a whip 
 in his hand ; and far more recently one Thomas 
 Phillips, a brewer, was carried to his grave by all the 
 huntsmen and whips of Berkshire. The passion of 
 his life had been to amass pads, and if any resurrec- 
 tionist could dig down to him at the churchyard 
 of Speen, near Newbury, they would find his gristly 
 fingers still grasping that relic of a Craven " Charley." 
 There is no need to speak of the scenery through 
 
Mr. Brueres Herd. 177 
 
 which we passed on the branch line from North- 
 allerton to Leyburn. It was done to hand in a 
 Richmond paper by the Robins of the district. " You 
 can stand," he says, "and see almost to Sedberg 
 north-west, with a valley bursting forth with living 
 beauty and grandeur ; and the river moving in its 
 serpentine form, and in all its silvery brightness. You 
 can then turn round and you will be able to see on a 
 clear day eastward the Cathedral at York, and a 
 landscape of living beauty that becomes overwhelming 
 with grandeur to the intelligent admirers of greatness 
 and beauty. I look forward to the time when the 
 railway shall pass through the valley to every part of 
 England ; and when the princely manufacturers shall 
 be drawn by the beauties of the Dale, to come and 
 reside here, and fill the Dale with their splendid man- 
 sions, so that it should become like Sharon, Carmel, 
 or Lebanon for splendour and grandeur." 
 
 Parson's Barn is soon in sight, that once great 
 trysting-place of the Edie Ochiltrees of every age and 
 degree, and for which Yorkshiremen say that they 
 have heard summer appointments made by vagrants 
 when they have been strolling in Hyde Park. A 
 little to the right is Spennithorne, in whose "Throstle's 
 Nest" poor Job Marson, the jockey, made his last in- 
 vestment, not long before he was carried to its church- 
 yard. Middleham, with its castle on the hill, we leave 
 to the right, and wind round by East Witton, where 
 the grass is hardly grown on the grave of Tommy 
 Lye, through lanes, into which two carts cannot pass 
 without considerable generalship, up the sycamore 
 avenue, and so to Mr. Bruere's hermitage at Braith- 
 waite. It stands in the midst of a rose tree prairie, 
 among which white Dorkings, which proved hardier 
 than Spanish, lead a merry sort of life. The three 
 gables, which look like ivy bushes, were said to have 
 been built by three sisters, and they bear the date of 
 1672. Everything is in keeping with the wide en- 
 
 N 
 
1 78 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 trance-hall and massive stairs, and the low black oak 
 wainscoted parlour, with no emblazonment but " the 
 Booth bull tree on its walls."* Modern taste has 
 crept in with a small dairy, in whose midst a foun- 
 tain, of iron and painted glass, plays for shorthorn 
 men. China of many patterns, with yellow, blue, 
 green, and claret as the ground work, is on the shelves, 
 and the new milk is held in dishes of iron coated with 
 pot. 
 
 The Coverdale valley, down which so many jocks 
 have "wasted" in their day, lies in front, with the 
 river Cover winding through its deep dingle of ash 
 and sycamore. In the distance is the ridge of the 
 Low Moor, with occasional sheeted strings of racers 
 glancing along its skyline, like the scenes in the magic 
 lantern, and stretching away to the High Moor, which 
 has the frowning Penhill to back it. The old church 
 at Coverham is hard by the Cover stream, and many 
 a racing celebrity lies under its shadow. There sleep 
 old Bob Johnson, the steersman of Beeswing and Dr. 
 Syntax ; Ben Smith, as green as a young turkey on 
 his mother earth, but a very Talleyrand in the saddle 
 and the winner of six St. Legers ; Harry Grimshaw, 
 of Gladiateur fame ; and there too, old John Osborne 
 now rests his dreamless head. Ashgill. in whose quiet 
 little parlour he used to sit like a wizard, not consult- 
 ing the stars or perusing the prophets, but weighing 
 handicaps in his good brain balance, is perched high 
 on the hill-side. Below is Tupgill, from which Tom- 
 boy and Caccia Piatti used to go forth to clear their 
 pipes in good air ; and beyond is Brecon Gill, which is 
 also associated with some of Tom Dawson's best tri- 
 umphs of the tartan, and the dark blue, the Johnstone 
 crimson, the Jardine " blue with silver braid," and the 
 "Jamie Meiklam" stripes. 
 
 Mr. Bruere farms about 300 acres under General 
 Wood, and two hundred of muirland. Of the rest, 
 which has been gradually enclosed from the slopes of 
 
 * This is now in the possession of Lord Polwarth at Mertoun. 
 
Mr. Brueres Herd. 1 79 
 
 Braithwaite Fell, only 38 acres are arable, and 12 of 
 them turnip. The blackcocks club within three hun- 
 dred yards of the house, and, when the wind is in the 
 west, the hill sides are full of grouse, but an easterly 
 blast drives them further over to Dally Gill Moors or 
 Masham Moor Head. About 150 black-faced ewes 
 are kept for the heather, and crossed with a blue- 
 faced Leicester. The produce are sold off as lambs 
 and shearling wethers, the latter of them generally 
 weighing from 2olbs. to 22lbs. per quarter, and ave- 
 raging 61bs. per fleece ; while the best of the shearling 
 gimmers are kept to make up the ranks of a half-bred 
 flock to 50. The cross invariably knocks the horn 
 out of the gimmers ; and those of the wethers which 
 retain their horns are coarser, but make bigger sheep. 
 The white-faced Leicester has never suited the half- 
 bred ewes so well, and his stock never seemed to 
 travel so well through the ling. Mr. Bruere considers 
 that he owes most to a black Leicester, who gave 
 plenty of "japan" to the face and legs, and yet only 
 got four black sheep in the course of his four sea- 
 sons.* 
 
 * The Lincolns have been introduced on the Yorkshire Wolds, but 
 they did not answer, and required higher keeping. Many farmers both 
 in this and other counties have tried one cross of the Lincoln on their 
 Leicester ewes, and gained wool and size without a sacrifice of that 
 aptitude to feed which is the Leicester's great characteristic ; but the 
 second cross does not answer, as the mutton has a tendency to be coarse. 
 A few Lincolns are still sent annually to the Masham districts of York- 
 shire, which have what they call a "Mug" tup, or Leicester of their 
 own. He is not a relic of the Teeswater; and a "New Leicester" man 
 will not look at him. He stands well on his legs, and can travel through 
 the heather after the active speckled-faced ewes better than the short- 
 legged Leicester, who would " weary to nothing" in such ground. The 
 rams are hardy, and clip from 81bs. to lolbs. of wool, and in veiy 
 rare instances I2lbs. ; while the ewes average 61bs. to ylbs. of wool, 
 and are very prolific. The wethers will make up with good keep from 
 2olbs. to 24lbs. in eighteen months ; but several of them are not cut, 
 and dealers carry on a large trade by taking them to Scotland. Many 
 of the best ones find a ready sale at Masham, Kettlewell, and Skipton, 
 where the farmers won't look at a pure Leicester, and i$l. has been 
 made for a " regular topper." They seem to spring from a union of the 
 
 N 2 
 
1 80 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Mr. Bruere came to Braithwaite about nineteen 
 years ago, after spending fourteen years at Aggle- 
 thorpe in Coverdale. His Booth devotion dates back 
 
 Leicester and Teeswater, but there has been no "crossing out" for 
 many years. A tendency to feather down below the hocks is avoided as 
 much as possible in the rams, and so is too much wool on the head. 
 The heaviest woolled sheep are not chosen for the moor, but rather 
 those with a light ringlet staple. 
 
 Almost every farmer in Wensleydale who has a little lowland keeps 
 a few "good-breed ewes" of the sort, which they put to rams with the 
 biggest fleece they can find. Many of them are also bought about Ask- 
 rigg Midsummer Fair, but the best are kept back until later in the year. 
 This "Blue-cap" sort, as many term them, came into special notice 
 some seven-and-twenty years ago, when one of them by a pure Leicester 
 from a half- Leicester and Teeswater was shown at the Liverpool Meet- 
 ing of the Royal Agricultural Society. In shape and make he was a 
 pure Leicester, but he was thought rather too big. 
 
 The ewes which the " Mug Leicester" follows on the moors are prin- 
 cipally brought as gimmers to Askrigg Market, from Lanarkshire, 
 and have fetched as much as 45^. each. Such is the eagerness of the 
 farmers in the district, that they go the day before to meet the droves, 
 and buy them up before they see "the hill." The Craven fanners 
 have the longest purses, and hence the small dalesman have to be 
 content with their leavings. The "shot ewes" do not come from 
 Scotland until the autumn, and are bought for making fat lambs in the 
 lowlands. 
 
 " Masham lambs," or the half-bred produce of the "Mug Leicester" 
 and the Scotch ewes on the moor, are generally bought by dealers and 
 resold at York Market for Derbyshire and the Midland Counties, as 
 well as for many districts of the East and West Ridings. They are 
 first put on the stubbles after harvest, and these, if late, always affect 
 their price, which has ranged from iBs. to 35 s. for the best. The Moor 
 ewes generally run there for four or five years, and if a ram suits them, 
 no money will tempt his owner, and he is kept till he is almost a 
 skeleton. Sometimes these half-bred or "mule " gimmers are crossed 
 again with the " Mug Leicester" for fat lambs or stores, and in weight 
 of wool and carcase they run the Leicester hard if well done to through- 
 out. The half-bred ewe generally breeds and nurses well, but she is 
 seldom kept more than two years on the moor ; and after one crop of 
 lambs on the lowlands she goes off fat to the butcher. "The Swale- 
 dale lambs" are another and a very hardy sort, between the " Mug 
 Leicester" and the native horned sheep, which abound in Swaledale, 
 Colsterdale, Dallowgill, and Akengarth, &c. , and have close short coats 
 and a hard touch. They go to the wildest parts of Derbyshire at very 
 much lower prices than the lambs from the Scotch ewes, and are not 
 nearly such good feeders as shearlings. Prize Essay (H. H. D.), Royal 
 Agricultural Journal, 1868. 
 
Mr. Bruere s Herd. 1 8 1 
 
 to 1824, when he was a school-lad at Ripon. Mr. 
 Richard Booth used to invite him and his two brothers 
 over to Studley, where those buxom matrons, the red 
 Anna and roan Isabella, stole his youthful heart. A 
 fine white bull, Young Albion (15), also held him in a 
 spell, and so completely deadened an early longing for 
 Australia, that he settled quietly down to farming at 
 Agglethorpe. He began a herd with Lily and Damsel, 
 half-sisters by Cleveland (3404), and Lily's dam and 
 Leaf, both by Burton 1(3250) a son of Comet (155), and 
 bred by Mr. Wyville,' of Burton Hall. He has gra- 
 dually formed six tribes from Kate, Damsel, Leaf, 
 Lily, Vesper, and Garnet, and distinguishes them re- 
 spectively in his nomenclature as " Sweets," " Roses," 
 " Leafs," " Flowers," " Stars," and " Precious Stones." 
 Chance, the first bull who came to Agglethorpe, 
 was succeeded by Shipton, from Mr. Edwards . of 
 Market Weighton. Shipton only got one heifer 
 (Strawberry) that has left any descendants in the 
 female line, and he went back to Lady Sarah, own 
 sister to Isabella by Pilot. He had also pretty nearly 
 made an end of Mr. Bruere, as he flung him on to 
 some lime-heaps in a lane ; and if his cloak had not 
 become unclasped and wound itself round his horns 
 for a few seconds, his victim could not have crept 
 through the hedge. This was our Braithwaite friend's 
 first and " positively last appearance" in the Spanish 
 matador line of business.* 
 
 * After Rouge, Silky Laddie (which claimed descent from Mr. John 
 Ceiling's Rachel, eighteen of which averaged g2l. 6s. at his sale in '39), 
 and Sylvan King (half-brother to Silky Laddie), the pure Booth period 
 set in with King Arthur, half-brother to Venus de Medicis, who was 
 hired from the late Mr. John Booth for 100 guineas a year. Thirty-two 
 .calves, a moiety of them heifers, were the produce of the visit ; and, as 
 "he had gone home three months before his time, Prince George arrived 
 to finish out the two years, and never left Braithwaite except for the 
 block. Windsor was also kindly lent to Mr. Bruere by Mr. Richard 
 Booth, from May, '60, to February, '61, on his return from Mr. Carr's. 
 Thirteen cows and heifers held to this Royal white, who looked the 
 
1 82 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Our evening was chiefly spent over the Booth Chart 
 1790, or " Warlaby, Killerby, and Studley Bradshaw." 
 We had all the more pleasure in helping to prop it on 
 the table, and exciting Mr. Bruere into a lecture 
 thereon, as, according to him, we had the honour of 
 being its sponsor. During a visit to Braithwaite in the 
 Christmas of 'Sixty, we found Mr. Bruere armed with 
 numberless rolls of pedigree papers, which he unfolded 
 upon us to a sea-serpent length. The prospect was 
 appalling, and our spirits sank when we heard that 
 Bates and the Duchesses, on the same principle, would 
 be the programme of the following evening. " Why 
 not pull yourself together," we said, " and combine all 
 this into one chart, on the fashion of the Temperance 
 Allegory, or the Morrison's Pills tree ?" So he set to 
 work that very winter. Here was " the self-support- 
 ing herd," drawn out, after many a weary night's 
 labour, with pencil and brush, into one vast sheet, 
 bristling with names and dates, and resplendent with 
 the banners of its ten great tribes. The ten flags were 
 each painted into their place, and also grouped at the 
 top, five and five, with the Booth crest three boars' 
 heads, and three drops of blood on them. Under the 
 dedication is the record of the Anna tribe, going back 
 through eight generations. Mr. Richard Booth always 
 loved to tell how Anna walked to a Manchester show, 
 and bore a calf afterwards, and how she was such a 
 high grazier, that he had nicked fat with his penknife 
 out of lumps on her side, and preserved it as a curio- 
 sity. As between her and Isabella, he always said, 
 
 mere outline of his once great self; and two of the thirteen cast twins ; 
 but three bulls and seven heifers were the produce of the rest. Prince 
 George was rather yellow-red in his colour, and infused a good deal 
 of red with white legs into the stock, as well as his round Booth rib 
 and soft, well-covered huggins. Baron Booth, from Vesper, was his 
 son, and was used for a time, before his sale for 200 guineas, to Mr. 
 Barclay, and "won a silver mug, between hours," at Bedale, as the 
 best beast in the yard. His calves were first and second at the High- 
 land Society's Show in 1869. 
 
John Osborne. 183 
 
 " Let both divide the crown." If you praised the one, 
 he turned on to you with the other. 
 
 The top is quite a pedigreed Bashan bulls bred 
 by Booth to the right, and bulls introduced into the 
 herd to the left. Easby of the Blossom, and Aga- 
 memnon of the Anna tribes with Isaac, Julius Caesar, 
 Red Rover, and Young Alexander are among the 
 ''' Ayes to the right," as they say in the House of 
 Commons. So is Raspberry, the first Warlaby bull, 
 and perhaps the biggest that ever stood in its stalls, 
 where he unhappily got hung. On the left, there 
 are mighty heroes in Albion, a purchase at Charles 
 Colling's sale in 1810 ; Pilot, a rather small bull, from 
 Robert Colling's sale in 1818, who was once let and 
 recovered again ; and Mason's Matchem who did so 
 much for Killerby. Mr. Booth sent Young Carnation 
 to him, and having thus put the blood through his 
 own filter, he used Young Matchem to the Broughton 
 family with remarkable effect. There too are Raine's 
 Lord Lieutenant, " a short-legged, thick and lusty dog, 
 but rather lacking in hair," the sire of Leonard, whose 
 daughters, Bliss and Bianca to wit, ran more to milk, 
 as Buckingham's did to beef; Mussulman, of Cra- 
 dock's Cherry blood, who got Buckingham ; and Lord 
 Stanley, who brought back the family blood from 
 Castle Howard, and was the sire of Birthday. 
 
 John Osborne seemed quite an Old Parr in onr 
 minds, and yet he had hardly been known on the turf 
 much before Charles the Twelfth's year. He was at 
 one time head lad under Skaife, when the Duke of 
 Leeds kept race-horses at Hornby Castle, with " Sim" 
 Templeman as his jockey. " Chocolate and black 
 cap" were the Leeds colours, and he adopted them 
 when His Grace died. Our first remembrance of him 
 on the turf is in connexion with Mr. Loy's Ararat, one 
 of the colts which, in conjunction with The Commo- 
 dore, Malvolio, and Lanercost, made Mr. Ramshay's 
 Liverpool so popular. The bay was a pretty good 
 
1 84 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 one in his time ; and once he went so far as to get 
 Beeswing's head for the Stockton Cup, and it was all 
 Cartwright could do to prevent him from getting 
 " bang up." Old Bob Johnson was never so astonished 
 in his life ; and, " in course," he had some reason 
 for them at Tupgill when they at last ventured to 
 mention it. 
 
 John Osborne was known in connexion with many 
 other horses besides Ararat, but they were generally 
 rank bad ones. In later years he was quite as great a 
 pillar to the northern racing as " B. Green" had been 
 in his time ; and labourers in the fields used to say, 
 "Likely enough, some of Jolm Osborne s" if they saw 
 a long string journeying towards a northern town the 
 day before the races. About 1840-41, the same ex- 
 pression was used in a different sense ; and if a horse 
 was beat off below the distance, the betting-men had 
 that phrase almost stereotyped for reply, when any 
 Grand Stand neighbours asked them whose was the 
 unfortunate. 
 
 With 1842 came a new order of things, and John 
 had the Marquis of Westminster's string Sleight-of- 
 Hand, Maria Day, Auckland, and a lot of others in 
 his keeping. Auckland by Touchstone was a colt 
 upon which the late Marquis was wondrously sweet, 
 and, from his foalhood, he set a monstrous figure on 
 him. He was reared at the Moor Park paddocks, and 
 was coming north in the early days of the London and 
 North-Western with a black filly, when an engine 
 burst, and nearly boiled the filly, and took some skin 
 off the colt. They were taken to the Eagle Inn at 
 Rugby, where the filly soon died, and the Marquis 
 went in for something like 3OOO/. compensation for the 
 two, and we believe he got it. Auckland was very 
 little the worse, and, as it proved, " The London and 
 North-Western Boiling Stakes" were the best he ever 
 won. The millionaire Marquis fondly hoped on for 
 the Derby ; but, although the illustrious patient did 
 
John Osborne. 185 
 
 not win that race, in the process of years it fell with 
 Caractacus to the young Rugby V.S. (Mr. Snewing), 
 who attended him. 
 
 Such was poor John's Eaton episode with the 
 Derby, and he did not care for another season as 
 guardian of the yellow jacket, which was enough to 
 give him the jaundice. Maria Day, a very sweet 
 little animal, and Job Marson very nearly put things 
 right at Doncaster ; but " The Yeoman" was in the 
 way, and John was not sorry to have his crust of 
 bread and liberty, and begin at the bottom ring of the 
 ladder of fame once more. The Heir by Inheritor 
 was one of his horses, but it was a sad weary time, 
 although with George Abdale, his future son-in-law, 
 to ride, he did a little for his employers, and on his 
 own account, till his son and heir, the redoubtable 
 " Johnny" appeared in the saddle. We remember the 
 old man quite opening out (for him) in the train one 
 day about his lad, and his delight that Sir Joseph had 
 engaged him to ride at 5st. 61bs. on Van Diemen in 
 the Goodwood Stakes. The next year (1850) brought 
 the great turn in his family fortunes with Black 
 Doctor. The little horse ran four times, and did 
 nothing, then he began to "come," and lost his 
 maidenhood in that grand Eglinton Stakes finish, 
 which he won by a neck from Beehunter and Nancy, 
 and had Neasham, Payment, Pitsford, and Mildew 
 behind him as well. The black went in the course of 
 the week to Mr. Saxon for 800 guineas, and henceforth 
 the star of Osborne and Ashgill steadily rose. John 
 was marked dangerous for his two-year-olds, and his 
 great axiom of " if they are to be sweated, let them 
 sweat" (not on Middleham Moor* for love, but all 
 over England) " for the brass," stood him in fine stead. 
 As an early tryer and bringer out of ripe two-year- 
 
 1 For a description of Middleham Moor, see "Silk and Scarlet," 
 [36. 
 
1 86 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 olds, and as an artist for keeping them on their legs 
 when they were brought out, he had no superior. 
 During the '52 season, Exact and Lambton were like 
 the man and woman in the clock when one wasn't 
 out, the other was. Exact ran sixteen times, and 
 won nine ; and Lambton was out once less, and won 
 once more. Very often they were in the same stake, 
 and John had some little difficulty in deciding which was 
 to go. At the York August of that year, his London 
 commissioner backed the wrong one for a race, and 
 John had to follow the "wires," and change his tactics 
 forthwith. They drew about iooo/. between them in 
 stakes that meeting, which John thought a great thing, 
 as he had not then dealt in Little Stag, or Prince 
 Arthur, King Arthur, Wild Agnes, and the rest of 
 that lucky Agnes family, of which he sold two, 
 " Little" and " Miss," to the present Sir Tatton Sykes. 
 It might be the bargain was better, and therefore he 
 liked to send his best mares en masse to a horse if the 
 blood suited, and Birdcatcher, Weatherbit, and The 
 Cure were all his particulars. For Colsterdale, which 
 he purchased for 3OO/. at the Sledmere sale, he had 
 some fancy, and his brood mares had gradually 
 increased and multiplied till there were forty of them. 
 No one did more with The Cures, and he had a strong 
 attachment to Wild Dayrell, though he did not use 
 him in the same wholesale way. He also left a good 
 word behind him for Piccador. 
 
 Brown Brandy and Cherry Brandy and Lord 
 Alfred were ready to appear at the footlights, when 
 Exact and Lambton (for no one knew the exact 
 moment to sell better) had departed south. The 
 grey was a son of Chanticleer and Agnes, and for 
 soundness a wonder. He began on March 29th, and 
 had run 24 races, and won 9 of them on Oct. 28th, 
 the day after his companion Lady Tatton had won 
 the Nursery Stakes. Next year, Manganese, giving 
 2st. 4lbs. to Shelah, was second for the Nursery 
 
John Osborne. 187 
 
 Stakes, and the year after that old John nailed one of 
 the classes again with Mongrel, under no very flatter- 
 ing weight, so that the Newmarket Houghton Friday 
 had nothing but good omens for him. Great weight- 
 for-age races were not his forte, although he did 
 drop on to Blair Athol at York with The Miner. 
 Lady Tatton was third for him in the St. Leger, but 
 he never got so near for a Derby or Oaks. Honey- 
 wood's friends made a braying of trumpets about the 
 black, which not a little disturbed the repose of the 
 backers of "The West," but John was wrong that 
 time. He looked very downcast, following Saunterer 
 in the paddock on the Derby day, and threw up his 
 hands and told his friends he " knew nothing about 
 him ;" but the public watched the money, and knew as 
 much as he could tell them as to the " pencil fever," 
 which was slowly consuming the colt in the interior. 
 
 In his day he trained for a number of good men 
 Lord Zetland, Lord Londesborough, Sir Charles 
 Monck, and others ; but he was very independent, 
 and he had every right to be so. What was better 
 still, prosperity never puffed him up. He was really 
 and truly " Plain John" to the last " Little fish" in 
 the way of stakes and little meetings were what he 
 loved. Handicap studies were \usfarte; and go past 
 who might, he hardly looked up from the desk at the 
 office-window, which looked into the yard at Ashgill. 
 The calculations he had in his head about 'forms were 
 as clear and well arranged as a senior wrangler's 
 differentials and integrals, and we never heard of but 
 one man who could thoroughly tackle him over 
 weights, and make him ring hurriedly for his slippers 
 at the inn, and say, " I think P II be off to bed'.' 
 
 The last time we saw him was at the Doncaster 
 meeting. He came in that long trainers' train, in 
 which Blair Athol's box was placed before General 
 Peel's, and so many accepted the omen. There was 
 the crush hat and the salmon-coloured handkerchief 
 
1 88 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 looking out of the train, and then old John descended 
 and walked up the line, but took no part, as Johnny 
 " unshipped" The Miner. There seemed a worm at 
 the root then, and we felt sure he would never see 
 another St. Leger. He came to the town once more for 
 the spring meeting, whose first Hopeful stakes he had 
 won with Saunterer ; but he was hardly seen out 
 again, and he was on his deathbed ere Stockbridge 
 came round, and henceforth all the entries were made 
 in John Osborne junior's name. That confirmed in 
 words what the racing world had long known too well 
 by report, that the old man's days were numbered. 
 His was a homely style, and a homely school, but it 
 was a most efficient one, and few, if any, can boast of 
 having reared up such jockeys as John Osborne, 
 Challoner, and Harry Grimshaw, who all begun their 
 saddle-life in his colours. 
 
 If there is ever a gallery devoted to the heroes of 
 " field and fold," the late Mr. Anthony Maynard will 
 infallibly have a place. He came from quite a short- 
 horn and horse-loving family. " Maynard's bull " is 
 a name of note in the "Herd-book," and "t'auld yellow 
 cow," to which he so often reverted, made her peculiar 
 mark. Crusade (7898), by Cotherstone, by Bates's 
 Cleveland Lad, from a granddaughter of John Col- 
 ling's celebrated cow Rachel, was his most famous 
 show beast ; but he had done nothing in that way for 
 some time past. He leant decidedly to the Bates' 
 blood, but bullocks were his secret pride. He de- 
 lighted to recount what toppers (the best of which was 
 nearly lost in the snow) he and his father before him 
 had pitched at Yarm ; and how both of them would 
 take " to boot and horse, lad," and ride thirty miles 
 across country by daylight to be at market betimes. 
 He was always a very active man, a keen sportsman, 
 and rode well to hounds ; and it was, we believe, a 
 hard-riding accident which caused that peculiar crick 
 about one shoulder which, with his keen, intelligent 
 
Mr. Anthony Maynard. 189 
 
 face, made him " so good to know." For twenty years 
 he kept the Boro' Bridge harriers, and showed excel- 
 lent sport. The Raby country then extended as far 
 as Boro' Bridge, and the Duke always charged him, 
 " If you find an outlying fox do your best to handle him 
 before he reaches a cover" He hunted both with the 
 Bedale and the Raby, and when either of the masters 
 appealed to him at a check : " Which way, Anthony ?" 
 the general reply was, " Overridden by those young 
 officers cast behind them" On hunting days he was 
 up at five, and rode over his six hundred acres before 
 breakfast, and then fifteen or sixteen miles to cover ; 
 and no man told better Yorkshire hunting tales over 
 a bottle of '20 port. He was one of the oldest short- 
 horn breeders in the kingdom, and we heard that his 
 herd numbered about 120 head at his death. To the 
 " Herd-book " he had been a contributor since its 
 commencement, and his numerous entries traced to 
 good and ancient families. 
 
 Marton-le-Moor, a few miles from Ripon, was his 
 pleasant, old bachelor home. The handsome Crusade, 
 with a portrait of his owner and his herdsman, formed 
 a leading feature of the snuggery, and a large paint- 
 ing of " the best side of Comet " (as he did not fail to 
 tell you), held the place of honour in the dining-room. 
 A Yorkshire show-ring hardly looked itself without 
 " old Anthony " or Crofton inside it, and he was quite 
 regarded as a " chief justice " in shorthorn matters. A 
 more upright judge did not exist, but he had very 
 strong dislikes and " crotchets," and did not scruple 
 to express them when he was not on the bench. To 
 the Butterfly tribe he was never reconciled. The 
 Royal had his services as judge at Chester, in 1858, 
 and again at Leeds, in 1861 ; and he liked the busi- 
 ness so much, that, when he was verging on seventy, 
 he crossed the Channel to officiate at the Dublin 
 Spring, and proved himself in the possession of won- 
 derful " sea legs." In judging he generally gave more 
 
i go Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 points for mellow handling than for gaiety of form. 
 He went not so much for size as for neatness and 
 quality, and at Dublin he was in the minority when 
 Rosette was drawn against Sweetheart for the first 
 cow prize, and he took good care to let his opinions 
 be known. He couldn't see it at all, and led many a 
 breeder up to the pair in the course of the day, and 
 with that odd jerk of his stick, proceeded to argue 
 out the point on which " Mr. Stratton had been so 
 stiff." Very few, if any, had finer taste, but he was 
 not free from that peculiar cynicism in describing a 
 beast which is the vice of so many good judges. Part 
 is spoken of as though it were the whole, and there is 
 no balance of points. Thus, if he spoke of Belleville, 
 he would say, " If you backed his hind-quarters into 
 a hedge he was good enough," and left it ; and unless 
 you pressed him hard you heard nothing of his beau- 
 tiful head and forequarters, and " soft, molelike skin." 
 We believe that he had been at very few shows since 
 the Leeds Royal, and that for many months back he 
 had been in a very failing state so much so, that it 
 was hardly thought that he would see the New Year 
 in. He was one of the last of those "grave and 
 potent seniors " whose fine experience we can so ill 
 afford to lose. 
 
 His brother, Mr. J. C. Maynard, was known as the 
 owner of the bull Match'em and the cow Portia, but 
 his fame principally rested on his horses. Mr. Dyson 
 called him " the Yorkshire judge," and he had gene- 
 rally ten to twenty carriage horses for the London 
 dealers at Northallerton Candlemas Fair. His son 
 Anthony of Skinningrove inherits his tastes, and 
 frequently judges in the Northern rings. For five- 
 and-twenty years, while Mr. Maynard lived at his 
 Harlsey estate, he kept harriers in the Northallerton 
 country. He dearly loved Old President and Sir 
 Harry Dinsdale horses. It was on Example by the 
 former, when he was riding i6st, that he had the best 
 
i/t'llVE'RSITY 
 
 Cattenck Races. 
 
 of it in a great 4O-minutes' run, with a brush at the 
 end of it, from Streatham Whin to Harlsey ; and 
 it was in something nearly as good, with the Hur- 
 worth from Dinsdale to Windlestone, that he jumped 
 the Skerne near Aycliffe on Miss Marske by Sir 
 Harry, and sold her soon after for 200 guineas. Cock 
 Robin and The Peacock were his best Woldsman 
 horses. 
 
 We have always had a peculiar feeling for Catterick 
 Bridge and its race-course, from their association with 
 the old coaching and posting days. The Stand is 
 " quite a primitive little shop," with cottages under it 
 opening out into the road. The big meadow, which 
 is entered through those iron gates in front of the 
 Bridge Inn, is generally mown for hay, and some years 
 since the T.Y.C. course was extended, and now runs 
 at the edge of an arable farm. The course is I mile 
 246 yards round, and is the scene of the post colloquy* 
 between the gentleman-rider and the starter, which 
 the pencil of a lady in the neighbourhood duly im- 
 mortalized in Punch. The snow never lies as it does 
 on the Richmond hills, and often in stress of weather 
 the strings are sent over from there to gallop each 
 morning. Lord Zetland's horses have been mostly 
 tried in Catterick, and it is still more memorable for 
 the " sensation gallops " of Plaudit, when he went 
 puffing along, led by Strathconan and Lozenge, and 
 yet found some to believe in him and ' his Two 
 Thousand fortunes to the last. Touts generally come 
 on these occasions, and hang about the Bridge all day 
 till they "get tight," and are well up to correspondence 
 pitch. Inheritress hated the course, but was quite 
 devoted to the ups and downs of Richmond. Never 
 was mare more sensitive ; and if the course or the day 
 
 * He was asked by the starter why he didn't go, and replied that as 
 he had orders to make a waiting race of it, he might as well wait there 
 as anywhere else. 
 
192 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 didn't just please her, her head and tail were never at 
 rest. Old Jacky Ferguson haunted the spot for many 
 a long day, or loitered down towards Bainesse and 
 Killerby to have a turn with the partridge-shooters or 
 a cast with his fly. This lean old man was an odd 
 link with a byegone day, when his brother's 
 
 " Big coach-horse, Antonio, 
 Went rumbling to the fore" 
 
 in the St. Leger ; but the sixth Duke of Leeds and 
 Skaife and Sim Templeman have played a far more 
 important part in the history of this little race-course. 
 Hornby Castle seldom failed to win the Cup, and on one 
 occasion His Grace was first and second with Zohrab 
 and Longinus. " Sim"* always fancied the former 
 most of the two, and elected to ride him ; but he felt 
 more proud of his victory on Lot against old Bob 
 Johnson on Tomboy. In these latter days a cloud of 
 two-year-olds go to the post, and writers rejoice in 
 "the tulip garden" of jackets. Give us old times 
 the pink and black stripes of old Raby, the geranium 
 
 * Templeman's first mount was for Doctor Bell, of Pocklington, in 
 1818, on Unity, at Mai ton, and his last was on Eller for the Oaks in 
 '59. He " walked" for Lord Zetland's Derby colt Lanchester the next 
 year ; but his foot gave way on the well-known stretch between Leather- 
 head and Box Hill, where he and Bill Scott had toiled along so often 
 for Whitewall. He could then have scaled 8st. ulb., but 8st. 7lb. was 
 the weight in those days. The first race he ever won was at Northaller- 
 ton. Up to that point he had ridden two dozen times ; but when the 
 ice was once broken, he began and won right away, principally for old 
 Tommy Sykes's stable. In one of his early races he had three heats in 
 one day, and a fourth on the next, and he pulled it off. He was on 
 Octavius, and in the third heat John Jackson, "a dark-looking little 
 fellow," crossed him, and "Sim" immediately collared and shook "the 
 old 'un," youngster as he was, and on his complaining to the stewards, 
 Jackson was distanced, and hardly ever rode again. Ben Smith was a 
 great man in those days, but too quiet and gentle a spirit to try on 
 a cross or jostle. Ben never failed to give good advice in his waste 
 walks, and "always tak care and be a good boy, and -walk regular, and 
 you're sure to get on" was his mild form of adjuration to any youthful 
 hero in a strong perspiration at his side. 
 
Killerby and Warlaby Recollections. 193 
 
 red of Bell, the black and white stripes of Sir James 
 Boswell, the crimson and white of Lord Glasgow, the 
 green and yellow of Ramsay, the blue and white 
 stripes of Meiklam, with men to wear them, and we 
 have starters enow. 
 
 The late Mr. John Booth ran a few horses at Cat- 
 terick, and Sir Tatton came specially to don his ' pink 
 body, black sleeves and cap" on Honesty. This horse 
 was one of Octavian's get during his sojourn at Oran, 
 and could compass four miles well. Sir Tatton always 
 " liked to have those four white legs under me," and 
 he also rode Joker for Mr. Booth at Northallerton. 
 He pulled up after winning as he thought, when there 
 was really another round to go. It was the year of 
 his marriage, and her ladyship was in the stand as a 
 bride. " fm very sorry, sir, but you must blame Lady 
 Sykes, not me, for the mistake" he said, when he met 
 Mr. Booth after the race, "/ was thinking more of her 
 than my work.'' 
 
 Mr. Booth was a very fine-looking man, upwards of 
 six feet and fifteen stone, and with rare hands and a 
 fine eye to hounds. This was the sport he loved best, 
 and when he was on Jack o' Lantern or Rob Roy few 
 men could cross the Bedale country with him. The 
 former was purchased from " Chief" Plews a paro- 
 chial constable and farmer, and the sponsor of " Plews's 
 Garden, or Fleetham Whin," in a rather peculiar 
 fashion. Mr. Booth went to see the horse late at 
 night, and his owner, not content with showing him, 
 added in a confidential way : " You hang about a bit, 
 nobbut let my old woman and her clatter get to bed, and 
 I'll let you see him loup? Accordingly he employed 
 the midnight hour in getting a couple of lanterns, and 
 tying them to the gate-posts, and put the horse twice 
 or thrice over the gate, cleverly. It was his delight to 
 teach them those tricks, and Mr. Booth was so pleased 
 that he gave 2OoL for the horse, and named him then 
 and there. Rob Roy was an entire horse, and as well 
 
 O 
 
194 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 known as Jack o' Lantern with Lord Darlington's 
 hounds, when the Duke's country extended from 
 Borough Bridge to Sunderland Bridge, and took in 
 the Badsworth as well. Mr. Booth was never more 
 in his element than at the Catterick horse show, which 
 was held on the town green each October, until an 
 unhappy lawsuit divided the committee. There were 
 about 30 classes and sometimes 300 entries from foals 
 upwards. Ratan, The Cure, Bay President, and Young 
 Priam were generally well represented, and four three- 
 year-olds by the last-named horse once fetched 2oo/. 
 apiece shortly after the show. The Killerby-bred 
 one went South and made 5OO/. the next year. This 
 colt's own brother, Saltfish, a favourite mount of Mr. 
 Cradock's for eight seasons, won twice on the town 
 green. 
 
 By land Mr. Booth had quite the best of his brother 
 Richard, who was never given to active pursuits, and 
 was only a quiet gig man from very early days. It 
 was very different in water, where Richard was a 
 wonder. In fact, from the time he was a round, rosy 
 boy at Tate's there was no sinking him ; he could 
 swim over the low deeps at Richmond with a lad on 
 his back ; at Redcar he once floated two miles out to 
 sea, and a boat was sent after him by the lookers on ; 
 and he could sit and wash his feet in twelve feet of 
 water and support himself by a slight rocking motion. 
 Mr. Booth was no singer, but full of joviality and good 
 stories as well as the neatest practical jokes. Among 
 his best stories was " Forbidding the Banns," which 
 he told of a woman with an impediment in her speech, 
 who always said " Gin-a-giri' by way of preliminary, 
 and not only forbid the wrong banns, but stuttered 
 out before all the congregation that she did it on the 
 authority of " Squire Booth of Killerby." His friend 
 Wetherell generally had his guard up, but when he 
 received a letter, apparently from Earl Tankerville, 
 saying that he was to lot and sell the wild cattle of 
 
Killer by and War lady Recollections. 195 
 
 Chillingham, he puzzled for minutes as to how on earth 
 his lordship ever intended him to catch them and 
 bring them into ring, before he guessed the joke and 
 its author. These two, with Torr, Philip Skipworth, 
 and Hugh Watson judged a great deal in Ireland to- 
 gether, and had a very memorable trip to Athlone. 
 At every town they came to, Mr. Booth put it about, 
 and the post-boys aided him, that Mr, Wetherell, who 
 occupied the box-seat in portly state, was O'Connell. 
 Thousands of the Irish had never looked on the great 
 agitator's face and quite believed it ; and then in his 
 turn Mr. Booth found that he was believed to be Tom 
 Steel. As for poor old Philip, they primed a gipsy 
 woman and set her on him, and she told his fortune and 
 many little Aylesby matters with such marvellous 
 accuracy, that he was very glad to give her half-a- 
 crown to get rid of her. Mr. Booth judged a great deal 
 in England, and never went for great size either in a bull 
 or a cow. As a man of fine, steady judgment in a cattle 
 ring, he has perhaps never had an equal. Gem, which 
 died calving as a two-year-old heifer, was his model 
 for compactness, beautiful hair, and fine, even quality 
 of flesh ; Hope was his type of a thick loin and heavy 
 flesh ; and he thought Hamlet the best bull he ever 
 bred. He died in 1857, after a weary twelvemonths' 
 illness, in his seventieth year, at Killerby, and a me- 
 morial window at Catterick, where he rests, was put 
 up by his friends and neighbours and the -Shorthorn 
 world as well.'* 
 
 Bainesse, one of the grandest farms in the North 
 Riding, lies between that little town and Killerby, and 
 on the left is that loi-acre field, out of which, when it 
 was all in swedes, the late Duke of Leeds, a friend, 
 
 * At his sale (Sept. 21, 1852), the 44 lots averaged 4.8/. I2s. Sd. 
 Bloom (no guineas, Mr. Ambler), Birthright (105 guineas, Mr. 
 Douglas), Pearly (105 guineas, Mr. Eastwood), and Hamlet (66 
 guineas, Mr. E. Bate), were amongst them. Wide Awake and Fare- 
 well (Mr. Emmerson) averaged 154 guineas. 
 
 O 2 
 
196 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 and his grace's head -keeper, killed 126 brace of par- 
 tridges in two days. The Hornby coursing meeting 
 generally began hard by Killerby park gate, and Lar- 
 riston won his first course for the Cup in the 33-acre 
 " Jack Close." Mr. Booth was very fond of the sport, 
 and had a capital dog " Nips," which v/on the Wens- 
 leydale Cup at Leyburn. 
 
 There are two roads across the park, in which 
 thorns and wild cherry trees dear to starlings and 
 thrushes as well as cherry brandy lovers abound ; 
 and walnut trees and pink chestnuts from Holderness 
 flank the road on the Catterick side. One of the 
 thorns recalls the fate of Bracelet, whose thigh was 
 broken by a cow jumping on her as she sheltered 
 beneath it. She bred again, but became so hopelessly 
 lame that she was slaughtered. Necklace was made 
 up and won the gold medal at Smithfield. She had 
 only one heifer, Jewel, the dam of the famous Jeweller, 
 who, crossed with the Barmpton Rose tribe, built up 
 the Towneley herd. The present Mr. John Booth's 
 tastes take the same double-barrelled range as his 
 father; and Jeweller, Beechwood, Vaulter, Ballet 
 Girl, Brigadier, Brian Borue, Bannagah, Bird of Pas- 
 sage, and British Queen all attest his showyard 
 prowess, with more than threescore of first hunter 
 prizes alone. The raw material, Sister to Bird of 
 Passage, own sister to British Queen, a Cavendish two- 
 year-old, and a Young Dutchman foal were all in the 
 Park, and there too was Becky Sharpe in foal to 
 The Drake again. In the stable were Beacon, the 
 grey which has carried his present owner for ten 
 seasons, and only once come to grief, Brilliant, and 
 four other useful adjutants of the Bedale Hunt, of 
 which Mr. Booth has been for three seasons master.* 
 
 * Foxes became so scarce in the best part of the Bedale country that 
 it was some time before a successor could be found to the present Earl 
 of Feversham, when his lordship ceased to be master in 1867. It was not 
 
The Brothers Colling. 197 
 
 Necklace, Bracelet, Birthday, Pearl, Gem, Manta- 
 lina, Venus. Victrix, and Soldier's Nurse were once 
 calves in the lambing paddock, and Dickey Leyfield 
 presided over their fortunes. Hecuba was the matron 
 of the herd at the time of our visit, and Forest Queen 
 and four more daughters roamed the Park with her, 
 while Brigade Major, by Valasco from Soldier's 
 Nurse ; Knight Errant, by Sir Samuel from Vivan- 
 diere ; Lord Albert, by Lord of the Valley from 
 Dora, by Windsor ; and Merry Monarch, by Lord of 
 the Valley, from Lady Mirth, made up the bulls at 
 hire. 
 
 When the Brothers Colling retired from Shorthorn 
 life, the Booth family gradually filled their place. 
 Charles Colling lived quietly at Croft after his sale, 
 but he was a slovenly farmer by all accounts. He was 
 wont to think rather mournfully of his old triumphs 
 and to say, " If I had only my eyesight perfect and the 
 use of my fingers, I should not despair of a new herd? 
 
 until every effort had been made in vain to get a master that Mr. J. B. 
 Booth consented to undertake that office, with Mr. H. F. C. Vyner, 
 Mr. J. Hutton, Col. Straubenzee, and Mr. Bruere as his co-guarantors. 
 Mr. Booth thereupon bought 33 couple of the old pack for the country, 
 and sufficient funds were raised, in reply to a circular announcing that 
 fact, to pay for the hounds and some drafts from other kennels, as well 
 as to lay down some new gorses. Foxes have of late years been short, 
 more especially in the Hutton Moor and Hornby Castle covers ; but the 
 Master and his huntsman Carr have shown a great deal of good sport 
 under circumstances of considerable difficulty. There is no finer scent- 
 ing ground in England than that part of the Bedale North of the Swale, 
 from Catterick Bridge to Morton Bridge, with Uckerby, Pepper Hall, 
 Kiplin, and Cowton Whin as its favourite covers, and although some 
 people complain of its being "all plough," still those who rode from 
 Kiplin to Middleton Tyas Quarries on Jan. 2Oth, 1868, thought that 
 " the Bedale ladies" were quite fast enough for any country. The south 
 or Ripon side of the country is more open and easier to ride ove% but 
 does not hold so good a scent as a rule ; whilst the west side, Hipswell, 
 Hauxwell, Leyburn, &c., has more grass and frequently affords some 
 good runs, though the country is very rough and hilly. The runs of 
 Nov. 6th, 1867, from Hunton Moor (Thornhill's Whin) to Bolton Hall 
 and back to Leyburn (where they killed) ; and of April 1 8th, 1868, 
 from Scorton with a kill at the Richmond Paper Mills both of them 
 over 2$ hours will long be memorable ones. 
 
198 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 His brother Robert, who went more into Leicesters, 
 often said that there was nothing much better than 
 another in Charles's herd unless it might be the 
 Phoenix tribe. Mr. Thomas Booth, whose Shorthorn 
 career dates from his residence at Studley, A.D. 1790, 
 hired Ben and Twin Brother to Ben, and he bought 
 Albion at Charles Ceiling's sale, and Pilot at Robert's. 
 Pilot was rather small, and old breeders tell us that 
 the sight ot the Young Albion cows at Studley in Mr. 
 Richard Booth's day is one of which they have never 
 seen the equal.* 
 
 Warlaby does not rank very high in the British 
 census, and a few cottages, which hardly rise into the 
 dignity of a street, and three farm houses besides Mr. 
 Booth's, compose " the tottle" of a village the sound of 
 whose name has passed into every beef and mutton 
 land, with Babraham and Holmpierrepont. Mr. 
 Booth's farm flanks the road to Borough-bridge on 
 each side, arable on the right, and nurse cows and 
 bullocks, some of them with two or three Warlaby 
 crosses, on the left, and extends for nearly a mile up 
 the grass vale of the Wiske. On a clear day you can 
 see the " Minster ;" but so they say in almost every 
 part of Yorkshire we have been in yet. Still there is 
 no doubt, when you are in the High Field, that you 
 can command the whole range of the Hambleton Hills, 
 so* suggestive of Mameluke, Kingston and Velocipede ; 
 of the distant range of Cleveland ; of the White Mare 
 of Whissencliffe ; and of Roseberry Topping, which is 
 
 * Leonard was a nice little bull with great loins and well-sprung 
 ribs, but rather strong in the horn. Buckingham was a fair-sized bull, 
 a little forward in the shoulders, and with a great inclination to lay 
 on flesh. In shape Baron Warlaby excelled him, but he was rather 
 too long, and Mr. Wetherell was wont to say that he should like to put 
 him into a lemon-squeezer and reduce him a size. Vanguard was a 
 bull of great size with a rare loin and back ; Hopewell with his curly 
 scorp was not so good-looking ; and Harbinger was a short-legged, 
 thrifty fellow, with an almost unrivalled power of getting his stock all 
 alike. 
 
Killer by and War lady Recollections. 199 
 
 as proud a beacon to the Yorkshireman as " Belvoir's 
 wooded height is to the Leicestershire Nimrod, or the 
 ^Eginetan Oros to the Grecian manner." 
 
 "October $ist, Richard Booth, of War laby, aged 
 76." Such was the trite and fitting line in which the 
 Times announced (A.D 1864) the death of this premier 
 of shorthorn breeders. It was grand in its simplicity, 
 as it so exactly typified the conscious power and 
 sturdy self-reliance of the man whose name embodies 
 a family career, with its tap-root in the days when 
 Comet's great grandam was still a calf, and when Sam 
 Wiley had not abandoned his marbles and his satchel. 
 Richard Booth was in truth a very Pope among breeders, 
 and dispensed his thirty bulls with a high and lordly 
 hand. Still there was the great fact which none could 
 gainsay, that go where they might they left a good and 
 lasting impress on a herd and an average, and that 
 they had wrought a peaceful revolution in Ireland. 
 Hence all Shorthorn breeders found it politic to stand 
 well with the master of Warlaby ; and even then the 
 difficulty of getting a bull was somewhat analogous at 
 times to election at The Athenaeum. The demand 
 was invariably in excess of the supply, and therefore 
 prices might well keep up, and 300 guineas (as in'Crown 
 Prince's case) be once more bid in vain for one year's 
 hire, when Prince of Battersea from Queen of the 
 Ocean was destined to be " in residence." Few men 
 had the courage to talk to him in praise of any other 
 sort. He stood on the deep flesh, the compact frame, 
 the rare foreflank, the unmistakeable family likeness, 
 &c. ; and when he made a suspected cynic point him 
 out one or two of the most robust of the lot, he would 
 tell him that Lady Grace, for instance, was about the 
 closest bred, and leave him to think out for himself 
 the marvellous constitution of a herd which could 
 stand hard forcing and in-breeding so well. He began 
 at Studley when he was twenty-nine, and when he 
 sold off in 1834, many of the lots were, as an eye- 
 
2OO Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 witness expressed it, " fine strapping lasses of the 
 Anna tribe," in direct descent from Twin Brother to 
 Ben. The only one he retained was " a large patchy 
 cow," Isabella, whose first calf after she came to War- 
 laby was a roan bull by Young Matchem. She then 
 produced one of his great Royal and Yorkshire win- 
 ners, Isabella Buckingham. 
 
 He was " a king out of business" for a year, which he 
 might well describe as the weariest he ever spent ; but 
 he had not long to wait for his sceptre, and in the 
 prime of his life he sat down under his roof tree at 
 Warlaby and began to build up another and a more 
 enduring herd. Nine years more, and the era oi 
 Royal Shows had fairly set in. In 1844 he broke 
 ground with Bud, as second yearling heifer to his 
 brother's Modish at Richmond ; and gathering strength 
 as he went on, he made his first great stand at the 
 Northampton Royal, and swept the first cow, two-year- 
 old, and yearling heifer prizes with Cherry Blossom, 
 Isabella Buckingham, and Charity, own sisters to 
 Baron Warlaby, Vanguard, and Hopewell respectively. 
 The new century had dawned on the Brothers Colling 
 a? the champion breeders of the Durhams, and when 
 it reached its meridian it found the Brothers Booth 
 with nineteen Royal, thirty Yorkshire, and three High- 
 land Society firsts, besides divers seconds (to their 
 own beasts), the rich harvest of a dozen summers. 
 Many of his friends pressed him to retire from the 
 show-yards in the flush of his Chester victories with 
 Nectarine Blossom and Queen of the Isles, but he 
 would not hear of it. His line of Queens was not half 
 exhausted with Queen of the Vale as a calf in his 
 stalls, and Queen of the Ocean in perspective ; and 
 why was the old general to sound a retreat ? With 
 his Nectarine Blossom and his Queen Mab he charged 
 that very summer right into the Royal North Lan- 
 cashire district to confront the Towneley cows, and 
 the pair were first and second in the cow class. He 
 
Killer by and Warlaby Recollections. 20 1 
 
 always placed his candidates well ; and in due season 
 he cried quits with Duchesses 7/th and 78th when he 
 met them at the Durham County. His Queen of the 
 Ocean, as the Buttersea judges said, was " all that a 
 cow should be," and earned that very rare privilege, 
 and generally accorded to none but dead statesmen, a 
 note of admiration from Lord Palmerston and Mr. 
 Disraeli who both had their hands on her on one 
 and the selfsame day. He very seldom showed bulls, 
 and Hopewell, Windsor, Bullion, Prince Alfred, Sir 
 James, Lord of the Valley (who was kept latterly to 
 cross the whites, and brought him a fine fall of heifer 
 calves), and British Crown were the only others that 
 ever won anything for him ; and three of them only 
 one prize apiece. His show luck burnt brightly to 
 the close, and in his very last Yorkshire, the young 
 ones not only went well to the front ; but old Prince 
 Alfred, after making a perfect Ulysses of himself in 
 the home farms of princes, emperors, and baronets, 
 came out and was first in the bull class in the eleventh 
 year of his age. 
 
 A more remarkable contrast than these two cele- 
 brated brothers, both in form and temperament, is 
 seldom met with in practice. John, the elder, was, 
 like Robert Colling, perhaps the more original thinker 
 of the two, but not the same steady worker. He was 
 more the man of the world, fond of a gallop with the 
 Bedale, and always ripe and ready for a little fun ; 
 while Richard was much more of the dignified recluse, 
 and thought " no place like home." John delighted 
 to go off on judging expeditions ; while Richard never 
 donned the ermine, and only cared for a good lodging 
 or his " ease at mine inn" during a great show, that he 
 might see a few select standard-bearers, who would 
 share his winning pleasure, or sympathize with him if 
 he was beaten, John was an apt and ready speaker, 
 and never sat down without some quaint racy senti- 
 ment, which set the table in a roar ; Richard merely 
 
202 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 rose, and bowed to the chairman and vice in turn, and 
 let himself down again, with a simple word of thanks 
 to the company. One was more off-handed, and 
 hardly valued his herd enough ; the other was the 
 man of business, who appraised it to a nicety. The 
 one was more catholic in his cattle tastes, and had 
 boldly sought and found, with infinite judgment, 
 among the pastures round Richmond, a fresh cross 
 for Bliss in Lord Lieutenant, and for Bracelet in 
 Mussulman ; while the other, though no one knew 
 better the worth of Leonard and Buckingham, de- 
 termined, after Exquisite's warning, to leave well 
 alone, and solved the fearfully difficult problem of 
 crossing his closely-related families with all that tact 
 which Jonas Webb displayed in another department 
 of stock science. The public did not know what was 
 doing at Babraham, but still they felt sure it would 
 succeed. They knew the bulls of the season at 
 Warlaby, and predicted that the herd must go down 
 for lack of a cross. The old sage only smiled at their 
 fears ; and left Commander-in-Chief and Lady Fra- 
 grant behind him to confound the prophets. 
 
 He attended the Cobham and the Aldborough 
 sales in 1859, an d after the summer of that year, the 
 Royal and the Yorkshire knew .him no more. 
 Absence did not weaken his ancient love, and when he 
 was confined to his bed or chair, he watched as keenly 
 as ever for " a wire" from his nephews on the afternoon 
 of a great show. He broke down with rheumatic 
 gout on his return from the Warwick Royal, and for 
 the last two years of his life he was almost bedridden. 
 The " quiet days at Warlaby," when he would walk or 
 go round the stock in his gig, were over at least in his 
 generation, but still old friends would come as usual, 
 and tell him how everything was looking, and go 
 through all the heifer chronicle of herds in general, 
 and those in particular which had (or were thought 
 to have) " a flyer" or two for the Royal. There was 
 
Killer by and Warlaby Recollections. 203 
 
 quite a Warlaby gathering on the occasion of a 
 neighbouring sale ; all the medals and prize cups were 
 set out in array, and not a few shorthorn men were 
 admitted for a hand shake to his inner room. Still 
 no hope was ever held out of his recovery ; and when, 
 two or three weeks before his death, he was obliged to 
 deny himself to all but his immediate relatives, the 
 word went through Yorkshire that that great change 
 was near for which his whole life had been one long 
 and earnest preparation. 
 
 He was buried at Ainderby, within a short distance 
 of his home ; and was followed to his grave by up- 
 wards of four hundred gentlemen, and farmers, and 
 others who had known him in life. Owing to so few 
 at a distance being aware of his death, the attendance 
 of shorthorn breeders was almost entirely confined to 
 those of Yorkshire and Durham. Like the late Lord 
 Delamere and Turner the artist (whom he somewhat 
 resembled in figure), he had an especial dislike to 
 being painted, and how and when the little litho- 
 graphed sketch was taken, which some friends used to 
 show you by stealth, in his lifetime, we could never 
 exactly learn. His herd was left to his nephews and 
 nieces, and Mr. Thomas Booth took it at a valuation. 
 
 Our remembrance of Warlaby and Killerby are 
 only of eleven years date. The two places are about 
 seven miles apart, and the route lies through Ainder- 
 by, where Velocipede adjourned from Whitewall and 
 " commanded" the country for some seasons. The 
 late Sir Maxwell Wallace had a word with our com- 
 panion as we passed his garden hedge, and, of course, 
 they got on to Bedale Hunt matters. A gamer man 
 than the old baronet never put on scarlet for the battle 
 or the bullfinch, and he was " blazing away" till he 
 had turned eighty and got a severe fall. Still even to 
 the last, he did not take to an old man's hack, but 
 steered .Rathconan, which had won the Howden 
 Steeplechase the year before. 
 
2O4 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Warlaby, which is on a stronger soil than Killerby, 
 lies somewhat in a hollow beneath Ainderby steeple, 
 and consists of 310 acres, over which Sir Samuel, in 
 his anti-gate-opening head gear, then seemed to act as 
 advanced guard. The late Mr. Booth did not care for 
 pictures of his winners. There was the big bull Navi- 
 gator in oil colours, but the rest were merely little en- 
 gravings on stone, such as might have been cut out of 
 the " Herd Book," and framed, and they were hardly 
 in harmony with the massive challenge cup on the side- 
 board. Cuddy in his brown jerkin and a checked 
 handkerchief, twisted like a hay-wisp round his neck, 
 and an aged hunting-whip in his hand, was on Ban- 
 niston Hill, where old Satin, Vivandiere, and Princess 
 Elizabeth and Red Rose were grazing. Satin, the 
 dam of General Havelock, was a white with a roan 
 neck, and rather upright horns. She milked well 
 enough to keep a show calf, and help the dairy as well, 
 and Mr. Booth had been in vain solicited to show her 
 in the milch-cow class. Vivandiere had a much 
 pleasanter head and horn ; Princess Elizabeth, dam of 
 Queen of the Isles, was a little on leg ; and the neat- 
 breasted but somewhat ragged-hipped Red Rose by 
 Harbinger, had only the year before added Queen of 
 the Ocean, to Queen of the May, Queen Mab, and 
 Queen of the Vale. The future gold medallist and 
 Soldier's Nurse were calves together. Crown Prince 
 stood by the gate leading into the straw-yard, and old 
 Hopewell, then sadly crippled, behind him. " The 
 Prince" was not a prize bull, but what was better, the 
 sire of prize winners, and at one time, the late Mr. 
 Booth had sixteen bulls out on hire by him. He had 
 capital fore-quarters, and was rather of a fawn roan, 
 and his horns were slightly curved, owing to the con- 
 stant use of the board which he carried for safety. 
 Then we passed on to that glorious group of Bride 
 Elect, with a bosom which seemed to require a second 
 pair of forelegs to support it ; " the Greek beauty" 
 
Mr. John Jackson. 205 
 
 Queen Mab, and that slashing and rather masculine- 
 headed cow Nectarine Blossom, which had bloomed 
 five months before at Chester and Northallerton. She 
 was the biggest cow that ever left Warlaby for the 
 show-yard ; rather more square in her make than 
 Plum Blossom, and with a capital udder. After the 
 sight of such a trio, Queen of the Vale, good as she 
 was, had hardly class enough. Poor Queen of the 
 May had been brought on to her knees with training 
 and railway trucks, and had eaten quite a bare space 
 round her as she knelt to graze. In the house she 
 " favoured" herself the same way, so that you could 
 hardly judge of those magnificent shoulders. Queen 
 of the Isles was a marvel for wealth, but her calf bed 
 was imperfect, and she went to the butcher. 
 
 Eight years later and hardly one of them, save 
 Queen of the Ocean and Soldier's Bride and Lord of 
 the Valley were left, but the young Commander-in- 
 Chief and Lady Fragrant were in their glory, and 
 there too in her blooming heiferdom was the beautiful 
 looo-guinea Bride of the Vale, which was sold with 
 Merry Peal (500 guineas) and Royal Briton (500 
 guineas) to go to Canada. Sir James was going out 
 again on hire in the thirteenth year of his age.* 
 
 Yorkshire has had two John Jacksons of no small 
 turf renown. One rode seven St. Leger winners, and 
 counted Beningbrough and Altisidora among them ; 
 and the other, who was only a lad of eleven when the 
 old jockey died nearly blind, at Northallerton, became 
 
 * The Warlaby herd was in great peril during the cattle-plague, 
 which raged for six months within i^ miles of the homestead, and 
 nearly 300 beasts went down by disease or poleaxe. The final out- 
 break was not more than a quarter of a mile off, and the fate of this 
 great herd seemed to tremble in the balance. Vaccination and 
 M'Dougall's disinfectant were freely used, but Mr. Booth's main re- 
 liance was on burning tar in braziers at several points of the farmyard. 
 , The fires were carefully looked to first thing in the morning and last at 
 night, and might be smelt down wind for a couple of miles. No case of 
 any kind occurred. 
 
206 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the noted " Jock o' Fairfield," breeder and owner of 
 racehorses, a leviathan bettor at " the Corner," on a 
 carriage top, or in " any place set apart for that pur- 
 pose," a mighty Nimrod with the Bedale and Sir 
 Charles's, and an " all-round" man as far as any sport 
 was concerned. It was by the side of the Catterick 
 cords that Jackson, who then " whistled at the plough," 
 first learnt to love races, and to risk half-crowns on his 
 fancy. That life, with all its curious and often mis- 
 directed activities, was closed early. Nature had given 
 him a fine farmer's-lad constitution to begin with ; 
 but he had been too prodigal of it, and she had her 
 revenge at last, when he was only forty-one. Well 
 might he say (when he knew his doom) that he had 
 seen more life in his time than most men of eighty. 
 His temperament was, in fact, far too excitable for the 
 stirring scenes in which his lot had been cast for nearly 
 twenty years. 
 
 His connexion with the Turf dates from The Flying 
 Dutchman's year, and it was with the money he then 
 won upon the tartan that he gradually became a 
 leading member and a very Stentor of the Ring. He 
 did not, like a living hero of Earl Winchilsea's lyre, 
 simply take his stand at Newmarket, 
 
 " Supreme upon the pump, 
 Clear his fine voice, and give a warning thump ;" 
 
 but he was ever on the move, a very locomotive Turf 
 exchange. Davis was restless in his day ; but as 
 regards powers of speech, he was a " dumb man of 
 Manchester" in comparison. Be the din ever so loud, 
 Jackson's voice was heard above it, booming forth in 
 quarter-minute guns, shotted to the muzzle with the 
 unshackled Doric of the North Riding, his offers to 
 lay or take. There he strode about, with his betting- 
 book in one hand, and his favourite short stick in the 
 other, and if there was a row or a scrimmage of any 
 kind, he was sure to project himself violently into the 
 
Mr. John Jackson. 207 
 
 midst of it as bottle-holder or commentator. He 
 always displayed great partiality for Lord Glasgow's 
 horses, and would field strongly when anything of the 
 old Earl's was running at Newmarket or elsewhere ; 
 and his jubilant shout, "Lord Glasger wins T will be 
 remembered by all racegoers at that time. Fortune 
 was generally on his side. He was said to have won 
 nearly 4O,ooo/. on Ellington, and those who saw him 
 after Blair Athol's Derby needed no telling that he 
 could have been happy with either the chestnut or the 
 Glasgow bay as the winner. In his way he was a 
 Ring institution, and was as much behind the scenes 
 in the North as " Lord Frederick" in the South. 
 
 He was emphatically a man of action everywhere. 
 The pounding-match, for a thousand a side, from 
 Crick, with Sir Frederick Johnstone, would have 
 been quite in his way ; but there was a desperate 
 hardihood about the affair which made Mr. Payne, 
 the umpire, and the friends of both parties, feel not 
 a little relieved when it fell through, as they were 
 sure that one of such a never-say-die pair would have 
 been carried off the ground on a stretcher. Sir 
 Frederick had recently jurnped a mill dam in the 
 Burton country on a bay horse with a white stripe 
 down his face, which was afterwards in Mr. Clowes's 
 stable at Quorn, and his other deeds of daring were 
 legion. Mr. Jackson had six hunters up at the time 
 Tippler and Highwayman, which he bought at 
 Mr. Hall's sale ; Barney, by Barnton, the horse on 
 which he jumped a flight of double posts and rails 
 (16 feet, measured inside) with the Bedale ; Ross 
 (by Hospodar), Redcar, and Duke. Highwayman 
 won a four-year-old prize at the Yorkshire Show, 
 and Tippler the Cup at Driffield in '64. He would 
 have ridden the latter at 14 stone if the match had 
 come off, and given more than two stone away. Grey- 
 hounds were not much in his line ; but if he was at 
 /Utcar, he went striding over the ditches, betting- 
 
208 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 book in hand, and shouting, " Live hare F " Well 
 done, black !" &c., during the courses, with a. glee that 
 was quite infectious and irrepressible ; and he was 
 certain to be never far off if there was " a cheerful 
 fight" on the field. Again, when his constant friend 
 to the last, Mr. Tom Parrington, became secretary to 
 the Yorkshire Agricultural Society in '65, he deter- 
 mined to give him a good " cheer from the shore" 
 at Doncaster, and sent Blair Athol as a special 
 entry, who was located in a stall-box lined with 
 green and yellow calico, and attracted not a few 
 visitors. Cricket had no faster friend. The " three 
 Cambridge men" were constantly his guests during 
 the winter at Oran, and Newmarket was witness to 
 the quaint single-wicket match (" Bat v. Broomstick") 
 between him and Diver. It was played on the Bury 
 side of the town, and the Heath was the scene of his 
 catch-weight match on Neptunus against Fordham on 
 Levity, when he gave away some five stone, and got 
 beaten by twenty lengths. 
 
 Racing was, after all, his sport of sports, as was 
 certain to be the case ^vith a man born at Catterick, 
 where his brother still farms the paternal acres, and 
 the " blue, white sleeves, red cap," often caught the 
 judge's eye. Saunterer and Tim . WhifHer are the 
 horses by which he will be best remembered, and the 
 Chester Cup with the latter, and the Great Metro- 
 politan with Haddington, were his most important 
 handicap victories. " Tim," as he strode along shaking 
 one ear, was a wonder, and the style in which, after 
 his sale to the late Duke of Cleveland, he fairly broke 
 the heart of Asteroid (when he forced the pace from the 
 Rifle Butts in Lord Derby's Plate at Doncaster) and 
 won both Goodwood and Doncaster Cups, left no 
 doubt upon that head. Two such horses as " Tim" 
 and " Mat's black" rarely fell to the share of one man. 
 Another "honest nigger," Haddington, who eventually 
 went to China, was a good second for the Chester 
 
Mr. John Jackson. 209 
 
 Cup in '63, and ranked high in the second class both 
 as a racer and a stayer of the great Blacklock line. 
 When Mr. Jackson last visited the Root stud, he took 
 an immense fancy to Buttercup, then a two-year-old, 
 and offered Mr. Eastwood in vain every racehorse he 
 had in exchange for her. 
 
 No one grudged less a good price for a yearling, 
 and the moment he was seen with that jaunty step 
 and open-mouthed laugh at the side of the ring, 
 bidders had to waken up to some purpose, as they 
 knew he would " follow the blood" if it had given him 
 a good turn before. He gave some high yearling 
 prices in his time to wit, Elland, 300 guineas ; 
 Precious Stone 500 guineas ; Jupiter, 620 guineas ; 
 Repulse, 750 guineas; and so on; and when he 
 removed from Oran to Fairfield, and began as a 
 regular breeder of blood-stock in that model stud- 
 farm, 700 guineas for Woodbine and 75OO/. for Blair 
 Athol did not stand in his way for an instant. Was 
 "Jock o' Fairfield" to bow his head to "old New- 
 minster and the Rawcliffe shop?" a likely thing, 
 indeed ! 
 
 There were few horses he delighted in more than 
 the handsome little Neptunus, who was fourth for the 
 Derby, and, although he and Jupiter disappointed 
 him, he never seemed to falter in his fancy for the 
 Weatherbit blood. He also hired Carnival for three 
 seasons, but unfortunately paid forfeit to be off his 
 bargain after the first one. 
 
 Cost what it might, like the late Mr. Theobald, he 
 would have the best of everything, and play the 
 Napoleon, if possible, in whatever he undertook. He 
 would have a stud of first-class brood-mares, and a 
 stud-farm inferior in its arrangements to none in the 
 kingdom, and Palmitine, Flower Girl, The Swift, and 
 Witchcraft were amongst the winners he bred and 
 sold. In 1868, two dozen yearlings were sold at his 
 sale on the Tuesday before York Meeting, and they 
 
 P 
 
2 io Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 averaged 215 guineas. A Knowsley- Violet colt (870 
 guineas) and a St. Albans-Hecate colt (700 guineas) 
 were the best prices. Although he only weighed six 
 stone, and his countenance was almost that of a corpse, 
 he was out in his Bath chair throughout that August 
 afternoon. As he sat there, in his pith hat and his 
 drab great coat which might have folded twice round 
 him there was a painful fixedness in his eye which 
 told too truly -that all hope was gone. Still he was 
 very cheerful, and had a smile and a shake of the 
 hand for every friend, and occasionally joined in as 
 " the loving cup" went round. He also sent up a 
 catalogue correction to Mr. Tattersall, and even 
 mounted for a few minutes, when the Knowsley colt 
 was selling, into a barouche, along with Mr. Morris 
 and Mr. Hodgman. It was strange to see one who 
 was so soon to pass away standing like a pale spectre 
 amongst his fellow men, and quietly gazing for the 
 last time at a scene, the marrow of those in which he 
 had so often pushed his way to the front at Doncaster 
 and Eltham in the days of his lusty manhood. No 
 one ever expected to see him again, and it was an- 
 nounced that he had determined to sell everything in 
 a month. During the York week he made a great 
 point of old friends riding up to see him that he might 
 say " good-bye." On the sale-night he was so worn 
 out that his attendants thought he was dying as they 
 bore him upstairs, but once there, and after he had 
 taken some grouse and port wine, his indomitable 
 spirit revived. Throughout the whole of the next 
 month, the little excitement of speculating in his own 
 mind on what his blood-stock would fetch, seemed to 
 do him good, and when the ring was once more formed 
 in his yard on the Saturday after Doncaster races, he 
 seemed much better and quite gay among his friends 
 in a barouche. 
 
 It was a remarkable sale. Efifie made 1 100 guineas 
 and Tunstall Maid 1000 guineas, and these two, with 
 
Mr. John Jackson. 2 i I 
 
 Terrific, Lady Louisa, Nutbush, Hecate, Woodbine, 
 and Violet, averaged 696 guineas. After a good con- 
 test between Mr. Blenkiron and Count Renard, Blair 
 Athol, of whom we believe that Mr. I'Anson had still 
 a leg, went to Eltham at 5000 guineas ; and six of his 
 foals, many of them quite little gems, averaged 246 
 guineas. The highest price was 310 guineas for a filly 
 from Effie, and the same was made for a Thormanby 
 filly from Woodbine. It is rather remarkable that 
 while the foals were making these prices, the three 
 two-year-olds by Blair Athol only averaged 237 
 guineas. The sum-total of the 119 lots at the two 
 sales was about 28,5<DO/. It was, we believe, some 
 5ooo/. more than Mr. Jackson had laid them at, 
 and his mind seemed much easier when they were 
 gone. The bodily improvement was, however, quite 
 fallacious, and he began to droop again, and finally 
 passed away within a few days of his forty-first 
 birthday. With all his curious ways, we could ill 
 spare him, and through many a rolling year " poor 
 Jock of Fairfield" will be remembered at Yorkshire 
 firesides for his daring pluck and open-handed kind- 
 ness. 
 
 From the pleasant parts about Northallerton, we 
 make our way into the East Riding by the line from 
 Thirsk to Malton. Mr. Samuel Wiley,* who has sur- 
 
 * Mr. Samuel Wiley, who was born on January 2oth, 1777, came to 
 Brandsby as a boy of ten, and in 1803 he was a tup-letter. He might 
 be said to have begun on his own account by giving Mr. Mason of 
 Chilton 50 guineas for the use of Butter Lump for the season, and then 
 for fourteen years in succession he hired tups from Robert Colling. 
 Shoulders, Carcase, Brother to Carcase, Ditto, a son of Symmetry, and 
 Blossom (sire of the ram Ajax, for whom Sir Tatton bid up to 
 156 guineas, against Mr. George Baker of Elemore) were the upshot of 
 his hiring journeys ; but Mr. Wiley valued none of them more than a 
 6o-guinea two-shear, for which he drew cuts with Major Rudd. When 
 the Barmpton flock was dispersed, he used his own tups for three or 
 four seasons. He was then faithful for twenty or more to the Burgess 
 blood at Cotgrave Place and Holmpierrepont. Then a three-shear, 
 which he bought at Mr. John Stone's sale, did him immense good for 
 
 P 2 
 
212 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 passed by two years the days of Sir Tatton, and is 
 as brisk as ever at a Leicester, pig, or shorthorn 
 bargain, lives at Brandsby about five miles to the 
 right ; and a ride of a few miles farther brings us to 
 Helmsley Station. The scenery of the country is a 
 striking combination of wildness and fertility. Few 
 foxes would care to be at home in Grange Whin or 
 Waterloo Plantation or among the laurels of the Ter- 
 
 five seasons in succession. He was the top price, and Mr. Stone always 
 said that he should not have left Quorndon if he could have gone on 
 with his flock. Since then Mr. Wiley has relied on his own flock for 
 tups, with occasional dips by sale or hire into the Burgess and the 
 Buckley blood from head-quarters, as long as the Cotgrave Place and 
 Normanton flocks were kept up. With such antecedents, he may well 
 pride himself on a flock of really " Pure Bakewells." He lets on an 
 average about sixty tups a year by private bargain, and he has always 
 shown sheep with great success at the Highland and Agricultural 
 Society and the Yorkshire Society, and taken prizes, more especially 
 with his gimmers, which also won him a second at the Royal Agricul- 
 tural Society at Chester. He was first with them at the Newcastle 
 Royal in 1864, and beat Colonel Inge, after a sharp contest, with quite 
 a model pen. At the Manchester Royal in 1869 he was second to Mr. 
 Borton. 
 
 His long, low-pitched house, with the dark green Cotoniastus creep- 
 ing over it, and peeping with its red flowerets in at every lattice, is quite 
 the realization of a snug Yorkshire home. Young Painter (a son of the 
 sheep in Mr. Wiley's picture), Young Fajback, Landseer, and others, 
 were nibbling close up to the garden wicket ; and. one of Chester Sym- 
 metry's daughters was roving along the hedge-side, and seasoning her 
 bacon by anticipation with a dainty meal beneath the "cock-pits," 
 which have been specially chosen from among apple trees, on account 
 of their peculiarly thin and open wood, to engraft upon crab-stocks in 
 the neat hedge-rows of the farm. 
 
 Mr. Wiley's holding consists of 500 acres, and seems to take in three 
 sides of a square. The ewes are kept principally on seeds, at his 
 Warren House Farm, which is higher and lighter land, near the Wigan- 
 thorpe moors, while the tups are brought down during the summer to 
 the Brandsby pastures. Sixty acres of the latter is glebe, and the re- 
 mainder, a great portion of which is park, belongs to the Cholmeley 
 family at the Hall. 
 
 Long and steady success as a breeder of Shorthorns, Leicesters, and 
 pigs has not one whit weakened the belief in Mr. Wiley's mind that the 
 plough is the first great creditor of a nation, and he has followed rigidly in 
 the track of his father, who began with thorns and stones upon the 
 Mosswood Farm in Craike parish, in 1763 (twenty- four years prior to 
 his taking the Brandsby farms in addition), and then became one of the 
 
Or 
 
 Fever sham's Herd. 213 
 
 race walk, if they could know when Jack Parker and 
 the Sinnington intend to call ; and although the 
 hounds are merely collected the night before, and drop 
 off one by one after hunting to their farm settlements, 
 till Jack is a mounted general without an army, they 
 can account for twenty brace a season. 
 
 The Trafalgar Column, which the first lord reared 
 to the hero of immortal memory, towers above the 
 
 pioneers of hollow draining in Yorkshire. On his father's death in 
 1805, Moss wood was handed over to a half-brother, and Mr. Wiley 
 entered on Brandsby. With his shorthorns, which number about forty 
 head, he has adopted the safe old rule of never refusing a likely offer 
 when he can get it ; and hence, except when he had something very 
 much out of the common, he has never held for the mere chances of the 
 show-yard. 
 
 The blood of Comet was at fever-heat in the market when he hired 
 his first bull in 1814, and Mr. Wright of Cleasby (one of the joint pur- 
 chasers of the thousand-guinea wonder) found a youthful Lubin (388) 
 exactly to suit him. Adonis, another son of Comet, from Beauty, and 
 bred by Charles Colling, did him such good service the two next seasons, 
 that he followed him up with his own brother, Jupiter (343), and the 
 succession was kept alive by North Star (459) and Harold (291), which 
 were sent home when Robert had his sale in 1818. Two years before 
 that, Mr. Wiley had bought Mida from the Rev. Thomas Vaughan, of 
 Houghton, near Darlington, and the strain pleased him so much that 
 he bore off her sire Midas (435) in his tenth year hi the Barmpton ring, 
 after a tough rally with Sir William Cooke, for 270 guineas, and a 
 yearling heifer from Trinket as well. The money which was laid out 
 on this tribe has never been a source of regret, as Grazier (1085), by 
 Midas, more than brought it back. Old Anna's, of Helmsley, is not 
 the only tongue which has waxed eloquent in the ancient red's behalf. 
 Sir John Johnstone, of Hackness, used him for three seasons, and when 
 Lord Feversham, Mr. Smith of West Razen, Mr. Slater of North 
 Carlton, and Mr. Wiley himself had all dipped pretty deeply into him, 
 he ended his days at fourteen at Byram Hall. Ganthorpe (2049), of the 
 Castle Howard herd, in which he was used, was one of his principal 
 sons, and he was in his turn the sire of Malibran, for whom her breeder, 
 Mr. Henry Edwards, got 300 guineas. Mr. Whitaker of Greenholme's 
 blood was also introduced at Brandsby, both through His Highness 
 (2125), own brother to the 2io-guinea Highflyer at. the Chilton sale, and 
 Abernethy (1602). Sultan (1485), for whose ancestress, Mary, General 
 Simpson gave 300 guineas to Charles Colling, was purchased from Mr. 
 William Johnson, after he had been extensively engaged in Northum- 
 berland in circulating what the borderers still fondly style "the good 
 old Jobson sort." The principal result of the one year's service which 
 be had out of him was Sultana ; and from her union with Belshazzar 
 
214 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 park, which extends along a richly-wooded plateau ; 
 while at your feet there seems to be a vast plain in 
 every stage of the four-crop rotation for miles, and 
 then fading away in the far distance into some 
 heather forelands, which almost shut out the view of 
 the German Ocean. This Kirby Moor was at once 
 the hunting ground and the death scene of the 
 Duke of Buckingham, in days when the rafters of 
 Helmsley Castle rang again with his revels, after he 
 
 (1704), whom he hired from Castle Howard, there came a bull-calf, 
 which had good looks enough to be honoured at once with Mr. Wiley's 
 favourite cognomen of Carcase, and was sold as a yearling for 200 guineas. 
 
 Belshazzar, who got his stock very large and good-looking, was the 
 sire of Victoria, which was sold from the Brandsby herd for 160 guineas ; 
 but Carcase (3285) was the greatest hit. The latter won the yearling 
 bull prize in 1838 both at Thirsk and at York, where he divided the 
 winner Hecatomb and the great two-year-old Duke of Northumberland 
 in the classes for all ages ; but still Mr. Bates was enabled to say that 
 his crack was never beaten by a bull of his own age. His Van Dunck 
 (10,992) was a second Carcase in the show-yard. He not only took the 
 first 25/. prize at the Yorkshire Society's Meeting at Thirsk as the best 
 bull of any age, but carried off the prize for the best two-year-old bull 
 at the Highland Society, and after being placed second to Mr. Anthony 
 Maynard's Crusade in the Sweepstakes, passed for 125 guineas into the 
 hands of Mr. Whitehead of Little Methlie, near Aberdeen. Since then 
 Mr. Wiley has not cared much to show store stock ; but he has not un- 
 frequently had a prize bullock at the York fat show. Still, the leading 
 honour of the show-year was in store for him, and in 1869 he took the 
 first prize (4O/.) for the best aged bull at the Manchester Royal with 
 Earl of Derby against 23 bulls, and was second at the Yorkshire to Mr. 
 Booth's Commander- in- Chief, the first-prize Royal winner at Leicester. 
 
 Till within the last few years he showed small white pigs with good 
 success at the Birmingham fat show, and also at the Royal Agricultural 
 and Yorkshire, at whose Chester and Northallerton shows in 1858 a 
 pen of young sows by Useful from Symmetry took first prizes. One of 
 the Chester trio was sold to Sir Edward Kerrison, Bart., M.P., but 
 there was another quite as good at home to complete the county prize- 
 lot, which fetched 12 guineas apiece, thus making up 50 guineas for the 
 four. The breed is the small Yorkshire white. This rare line of winners 
 owes its origin to Mr. Colling ; but it has been carefully crossed with 
 boars from Castle Howard, Mr. Hall's of Kiveton, and Mr. Cook's of 
 Owston. There are now few leading pig breeders who have not set 
 themselves up with a " Wiley" at some period of their existence ; and 
 Carcase, Young Carcase, Optimus, Dumfries, Dreadnought, Priam, and 
 Stanley (Young and Old) have all upheld the Brandsby bacon dynasty, 
 which has gone on at the rate of about half a dozen litters a year, 
 
"Old Anna? 215 
 
 had retired from the court and cabinet of Charles 
 the Second. The old castle lies just within the Dun- 
 combe Park gates, in the midst of the little primitive 
 market town of Helmsley ; but the wild music of the 
 cannon which was once levelled against it for six 
 weeks by the Ironsides under Fairfax, is exchanged 
 in these happier times for the caw of the rooks, 
 which sail solemnly in circles round its ramparts. 
 The only room left in it is used on rent days, and 
 few farmers on all that vast property, which stretches 
 away fifteen miles to Cleveland bank, and seventeen 
 to the East Moors, once passed through the lodge at 
 those levees, whether they loved shorthorns or whether 
 they did not, without exchanging a word with " Old 
 Anna." 
 
 It is many years since she resigned office as head 
 cow- woman, and her Herd Book memory seemed to 
 have stopped short at that point. She had caught 
 no reflected glory from the Fifth Duke of Oxford 
 and Symphony, and professed, we grieve to say, quite 
 a fashionable unconsciousness of their very existence. 
 Her love was irretrievably lost some thirty years before 
 to a " Young Grazier," and her love had known no 
 change. As for Bates and Booth, she " might have 
 heard their names ;" but Mr. Colling and Mr. Wiley, 
 they were the men for her. Grazier would be by one 
 of Mr. Wiley's bulls, and he was always buying from 
 Mr. Colling. No wonder there was such a sympathetic 
 chord ! W 7 hat were modern breeders, and their Bates 
 grandeur, and Booth substance, and Fawsley neatness 
 to her ? Give her the cows of her buxom womanhood 
 " big roomy yansT Then, warming with her subject, 
 after this general sentiment, she ticked her ancient 
 favourites off on her fingers. " There would be Em- 
 peror" she said, " and Baron, and Baroness, all oot of 
 one coo Wildair ; THEM WERE just the shorthorns ! 
 I could tell my lord, when the gentlemen came, every 
 one of their yages for fifteen years back, and all aboot 
 
2 1 6 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 them" When we saw that fond and yet triumphant 
 leer, we did not wonder (though in stature she was 
 not the woman to wrestle with a bull) at the recital of 
 that mysterious fascination on which she next dwelt, 
 when the mention of Young Graziertouched another and 
 a still tenderer key. Away she went at score, leaving 
 our pencil and note-book staggering hopelessly behind. 
 " Aye ! Young Grazier you've got that right enough ; 
 he was a savage one, but I could just handle him 
 as I liked. None could lead him out to please my 
 lord, like old Anna'' Waxing bolder, we then cross- 
 examined her as to their parting scene. " Took him 
 away when he was sold? Now who's been telling you 
 that ? Of course I did. No one else dar come nigh 
 him. I walked seven miles on end with him, that I 
 did. I had clogs on in those ^valks, and I could use 
 'em quick too'' To a last inquiry as to whether she 
 had not extended her walks in another direction, and 
 driven True Blue's dam to the butcher at Stillington, 
 she gave us to understand that she had a slight weak- 
 ness for that " coo " as well, and was determined to 
 " see the far end of her'.' And on we strolled from this 
 old marvel to see the modern herd. We had received 
 a parting assurance that " they can give a good pedigree 
 of me at the farm up yonder a five-and-forty year 
 yan," which would place the commencement of her 
 premiership back to about 1818. Before that date, 
 the first Lord Feversham, then Mr. Charles Duncombe, 
 had nothing but Devons, and found them too delicate 
 for the climate, and the Barmpton sale was the begin- 
 ning of his shorthorn herd. 
 
 Duncombe Park is bounded on the west by the 
 valley of the Rye. The broken ground across the 
 river, which terminates in one point in the dark green 
 of the Waterloo plantation, which was planted as a 
 wood of victory by the late lord 's father, is singularly 
 rugged and beautiful ; and a distant peep of the hills 
 of Hambleton may atone, to " a stable mind/' for 
 
Fifth Duke of Oxford. 217 
 
 getting none of the ruins of Rivaulx Abbey, a little 
 further down the valley. The Griff Farm, the scene 
 of Old Anna's glories, to which we were bound, lies 
 about a quarter of a mile from the park, along a field 
 route, lined at intervals with those dark green holly 
 trees peculiar to this Riding, and which catch a 
 stranger's eye at once from their enormous size. Ear 
 however, came into play before eye, when we at last 
 neared the box of the Fifth Duke of Oxford, and 
 were saluted with a roar quite worthy, in its depth and 
 tone, of a Libyan King of Beasts. He looked the 
 character to the life, with that shaggy lion-like old 
 head and mane, as he was at last led forth, snorting, 
 in blinkers. The fine length, beautiful touch, and rare 
 union of hip, loin, and rump take the eye as much as 
 ever ; but although he had been reduced some twenty 
 stone since he wore the Chester and Northallerton 
 prize ribbons, his day of usefulness, like his temper, 
 was gone. Feeding for show had done its fatal work. 
 The 5/. prize at the Cleveland Show was his maiden 
 one at two years old. In 1856 he took the bronze 
 medal, -.which is equivalent to an H. C. at Paris ; and 
 at Rotherham that year he only bowed to Grand 
 Turk. His son Skyrocket, from Swift, who faced 
 Prince Imperial in the next place, did not serve till he 
 was banished for penance to some poor land at 
 Cockayne, adjoining the moors ; and it was his fate to 
 stand at the head of that splendid class of old bulls, 
 at the Leeds Royal, with Royal Turk as his second. 
 In the winter of that year he was presented to the 
 poor of that town, and finished his career in the soup 
 caldron. 
 
 Lord Feversham was not exactly a sportsman, 
 although he lent a solid support to the Bedale and 
 Sinnington packs. We never remember meeting his 
 lordship on any race-course but Doncaster, and then 
 he would generally see the St. Leger from about the 
 centre of the " Badsworth Gallery." He was not 
 
2 1 8 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 demonstrative on such occasions, but no one seemed 
 to take more interest in Johnny Osborne's and Lord 
 Clifden's memorable " game of patience." Still, after 
 all, " shorthorn racing" suited him best, and it was at 
 Doncaster, two years later, that he won the head 
 prize in the milch cow class with Pride of Southwicke, 
 which never looked more blooming. His lordship 
 gave 100 guineas for her at Lady Pigot's sale, where 
 he arrived after the good old fashion from New- 
 market in a chaise-and-four a sight which created 
 quite a healthy stir. When he came back to Dun- 
 combe Park after the session he would as often as not 
 step off to the stedding to see the new calf arrivals 
 before he entered the house. A good hack was also 
 one of his fancies, and he generally ran his eye over 
 Mr. Milward's lot and sometimes made a purchase. 
 Be it where it might, he always liked to bid for him- 
 self. In his manner his lordship was reserved, but 
 always courteous and chatty upon shorthorns, espe- 
 cially when he was in his favourite bidding spot, a 
 little behind Mr. Strafford's waggon with his umbrella 
 under his arm. On the Willis's Rooms day he took 
 the chair at the sale luncheon and declared his Kirk- 
 levington faith in such an unwavering fashion, that 
 the Booth men said with justice that he rather ignored 
 Bridecake's share in the Grand Duchesses. Whether 
 in Hanover-square or at the Smithfield Club (where 
 he was second with a good heifer the year before his 
 death) he was alike zealous and pleasant to work with, 
 and he was sorely missed from his accustomed spot on 
 those May mornings in '67, when Kent and Essex 
 raised the standard of Bates.* 
 
 * After his lordship's death in 1867, a draft sale of shorthorns took 
 place, and an average of 33/. 19*. 2d. was made for 38. Two of the 
 females of each tribe were retained by the present Earl, and Orestes 
 (22,443) of the Knightley blood was used. At the Milcote sale in 
 1869, Hospitality, who combines Princess and Bates blood with that of 
 the old Fawsley Cyrilla or Cold Cream, was bought for 50 guineas. 
 
Mr. Bortoris Leicester*. 2 1 9 
 
 A ride of twelve miles further up the fertile Vale of 
 Rydal lands us at the station for Barton-le-Street, the 
 home of the Yorkshire champion of the Leicesters, 
 Mr. John Borton. He learnt his lesson as flockmaster 
 in a good school under his grandfather, Mr. William 
 Key, at Northolme and Musley Bank near Malton. 
 The old gentlemen, who died in 1832, and whose 
 portrait is preserved to us on the canvas of Jackson, 
 with his hand on the head of one of his greyhounds, 
 was along with Mr. Marshall of East Newton, Mr. 
 Dowker of Salton, Mr. Kendall of Ness, and Mr. 
 Richardson of Lund Cote, a leading Leicester breeder 
 in the Malton district. On his grandfather's death, 
 Mr. Borton's uncle, who succeeded to the property, pre- 
 sented him with ten ewes out of the hundred which 
 composed the ram breeding portion of the flock. 
 These he took to Habton, where he commenced in 
 1833 to " paddle his own canoe," and eventually settled 
 at Barton-le-Street, five miles from Malton.* 
 
 * In 1834 Mr. Borton bought a score of ewes at Mr. Dowker*s sale, 
 and began as a ram-breeder at once, while his father pursued the same 
 business at Kirby Misperton. His fourth year of farm life found our 
 young flockmaster in the show-field ; and the two firsts and a second for 
 shearling rams at Hackness and Thirsk were the best proof that he had 
 not reckoned prematurely on his strength. When the Yorkshire Agri- 
 cultural Show met at York in 1839, the hero of these two firsts was beaten 
 by a sheep which Mr. Wetherell bought at Mr. Edwards' sale; but the 
 much-coveted head prize for shearlings was won at Leeds the following 
 year. In 1842-46 he showed very little, but brought up his reserves in 
 full strength when the Royal came to York, and he had 75/. of cash to 
 receive from the secretary, as first with the shearlings and aged sheep, 
 and first for the local prize. Since then his entries have seldom been 
 lacking at the Royal or the Yorkshire ; and with Sanday, Creswell, 
 Inge, Wiley, Jordan, Turner, Pawlett (whose Chester ram he bought), 
 and "all the swells" in the field, he has never shrunk from battle, and 
 has seen the winning rosettes over his pen nearly two hundred times. 
 At Doncaster, in 1865, he had two firsts and two seconds for rams, and 
 a first for gimmers, and his winnings in one year reached lyo/. 
 
 As time went on he kept reinforcing his ewe flock from Mr. Allen's 
 of Malton, and bought a score of gimmers from Sir Tatton and Mr. 
 Sanday. For five seasons old Sledmere was his mainstay, and before 
 he purchased him (for 25 guineas) he had sent ewes to him. The 
 blood was partly his own, as he gave 28 guineas for his grandsire, then 
 
22O Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 The present farm, which belongs to Mr. Meynell 
 Ingram, consists of 460 acres of limestone rock. It is 
 mostly arable, and there is very little old grass. It 
 suits swedes, greystone, and whitestone turnips very 
 
 a shearling, at the sale of Mr. Owston's of Thorpe Bassett, who not vm- 
 frequently accompanied Sir Tatton on his rides to Leicestershire. The 
 old baronet attended the sale of his dead friend, and liked this shearling 
 so much that he sent ten ewes to him. There were only two tup lambs 
 among the produce, and Sir Tatton never parted with one, which was 
 the sire of Sleclmere. Mr. Borton bid 60 guineas for it when the Sled- 
 mere flock was sold, but Mr. Hall, who has (as might have been 
 expected of so keen a judge) been very often after the same numbers, 
 got him for half a guinea more. Hence, Mr. Borton had to be content 
 with the son, instead of the sire, and "by Sledmere" is in the pedigree 
 of Blair Athol, Sir Tatton Sykes, and in fact, most of his best prize 
 sheep for four or five years back. The old ram only died this year, 
 and was honourably buried in his skin. His son Sir Tatton Sykes, from 
 an Eddlethorpe ewe, won at Worcester Royal in '63, and upwards of 
 thirty times as well. He formed part of a trio which won Lord Londes- 
 borough's Cup, at Market Weighton, which Mr. Borton has carried off 
 twice ; in fact, on the only occasions that he tried for it. Mr. Jordan 
 took this ram twice at 30 guineas and 40 guineas, then he stayed two 
 seasons in Cornwall with Mr. Tremayne, at 4O/., and Mr. Hendy at 
 35 guineas, and has been used at home for two seasons. His own bro- 
 ther, Blair Athol, began well by beating forty-two shearlings at Ply- 
 mouth Royal, and since then he has been principally let, and won his 
 prizes in Mr. Hutchinson of Catterick's hands. Mr. Borton may well 
 say, that the fusion of Sledmere and Owston blood on Dowker, has 
 been his mainstay. His Sir Tatton by Sledmere, from Eddlethorpe 
 ewe, and bred by the late Sir Tatton Sykes, was also a good sheep, and 
 won at the Yorkshire Show at York in '66 ; and Black Eye by Ebor 
 (another York winner), from a Sanday ewe was his champion at the 
 Newcastle Royal. So far Mr. Borton has sold and let rams as high as 
 40 guineas, and given Mr. Sanday 60 guineas for a hire. The ewe 
 flock generally ranges from 150 to 170 in number, and upwards of 50 
 rams are let annually, at an average of 12 to 15 guineas. In some years 
 it has been as high as i6/. Customers come principally from Yorkshire, 
 Notts, Devonshire, and Ireland. Mr. Foljambe hired rams from him 
 in 1866-67, an d the first Yorkshire shearling was to have gone to Osber- 
 ton in 1868, but he unfortunately died when he was being prepared for 
 the Scarborough Show, and Mr. Borton stood first and second in the 
 class without him. His death was quite unaccountable, except it was 
 from high feeding, as he was found to weigh 42lbs. per quarter. Mr. 
 Borton has also a good selling trade, and sent four rams in 1868 to 
 Prussia. At the Manchester Royal meeting in 1869, he won a first, 
 second and third for rams, and a third for gimmers ; and at the York- 
 shire (Beverley) two firsts, two seconds, and a third for rams, and a first 
 for gimmers. 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. $21 
 
 well, but no mangel is grown, as Mr. Borton does not 
 admire it for sheep food. The little show meadow is 
 just behind the house, but it looked dreary to what it 
 did when we visited it the year before and found the 
 hirers round the pens, the union jack flying on the 
 refreshment-booth, and Mr. I'Anson in his green and 
 yellow cravat, and with " a correct card" of the sheep 
 to be let in his hand, gravely examining Blair Athol. 
 The old ram, however, was here again by the side of 
 Sir Tatton Sykes, and so were the Royal and the 
 Yorkshire sheep, with the twins Blue Cap and Blue 
 Face, the first and second at Scarboro', while Brid- 
 lington was on the broken-down list. The fifteen- 
 year-old ewe, which we had seen such a perfect 
 skeleton, and taking her grass on her knees, had 
 joined old Sledmere in the Happy Pastures, and the 
 capital second pen of Royal gimmers will be lucky if 
 they can earn such a character as this " Belgravian 
 mother of the flock." 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 "I would only advise you, Mr. Spectator," applying himself to me, 
 "to take care how you meddle with country Squires. They are the 
 ornaments of the English nation, men of good heads and sound bodies, 
 and, let me tell you, some of them take it ill of you that you mention 
 foxhunters with so little respect." Spectator. 
 
 The late Sir Tatton Sykes Life at Sledmere Old Bob Ramsden 
 Market Weighton Trotters A visit to Givendale The late Mr. 
 Etty, R.A. A Morning on Langton Wold Blair Athol. 
 
 hands across the breast, and labour is done," 
 was a thought which Yorkshire seemed to put 
 far from it in connexion with Sir Tatton. " Grand- 
 father Whitehead" vowed that his heart was as young 
 and his step as firm as when he was twenty-five ; and 
 when a third generation beheld his vigorous old age, 
 
222 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 they were half tempted to believe'that his rapier had 
 done good service for the cavaliers at Marston Moor, 
 and that the oak tree for his coffin was a sapling yet. 
 The reverence felt for him in Yorkshire was akin to 
 idolatry. To see him riding out of the Eddlethorpe 
 paddock after a September ram-letting on his Colwick 
 black, which then numbered with its rider 108 years, 
 accompanied by the clergyman of Sledmere, and re- 
 turning the greetings of friends and tenants, and to 
 hear the half-whispered ' God bless him ! how hearty 
 he is he'll put in for a hundred" read to us like a 
 chapter out of the Spectator. 
 
 " How's Sir Tatton looking ?" was one of the first 
 questions asked as each York and Doncaster meeting 
 came round. Strangers might well descend from the 
 Grand Stand as soon as he had been pointed out to 
 them at his wonted place by the rails, and make a 
 series of mysterious gyrations round him, in order to 
 do full justice to the assurance, " You II never see such 
 a man again? Then they would hear the regular 
 string of anecdotes which have long been told of him 
 by the woldsmen's firesides how he had seen every 
 St. Leger but Charles XII.'s since he was fourteen 
 how he nearly missed Blacklock's by riding 720 miles 
 to " cannie Aberdeen" for a mount on Kutusoff, with 
 only a clean shirt and a razor for his baggage how 
 he rose with the lark and slashed his own hedges, and 
 how bluff Jack Shirley, the huntsman, complimented 
 him upon the excellence of his work, near the Eddle- 
 thorpe kennels, before he guessed who " my old gentle- 
 man" was how he helped to dig the big pond in his 
 park how deftly he could rebuke forwardness in the 
 field or on the carpet, or give the retort courteous to 
 a bizarre politician how he often walked by the side 
 of his young horses to and from the Marshes, and drove 
 his first lot of Leicester ewes a three days' journey 
 from Lincoln to Barton Ferry how " Gentleman 
 Jackson" and Jem Belcher had taught him their best 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 22$ 
 
 hits, and to " clear a lane of such men" as once chose 
 to measure the gentleness of his fist by his voice, and 
 insult him at a wayside inn and how he had consis- 
 tently nurtured himself on these deeds of daring on 
 ale and apple-pie. 
 
 Time had taken off nearly all his old acquaintances, 
 except Mr. Bethell of Rise, who was three months 
 older ; but it never made him faithless to the old garb 
 of Yorkshire the long straight-cut black coat, the 
 ample frill, the beaver gloves, the expansive umbrella, 
 the drab breeches, and the mahogany tops, which 
 were quite as much part and parcel of the constitution 
 as " Old Glory's." Both in dress and manner he was 
 one of those few men, who, like Charles Davis and 
 Tom Sebright, had such a stamped individuality 
 that you feel that the mould must have been broken. 
 He had been fashioned in stirring times, and there 
 was not the faintest analogy to him in life or book. 
 He could almost recollect the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence, and he had got one glimpse of Doctor Johnson, 
 after much judicious perseverance, with his brothers 
 Mark and Christopher, the latter of whom bred Fleur 
 de Lis. 
 
 He first longed to " take silk" himself after watch- 
 ing the Kavesmire running from a stile with his 
 brothers, when they were all three under a tutor at 
 Bishopthorpe. When he had risen to the dignity of 
 an " Old Westminster," he spent some terms at Braze- 
 nose, and then, during a short clerkship with Messrs. 
 Atkinson and Farrer, he listened to the awful accents 
 of Lord Thurlow in the Chancery Courts, or haunted 
 Westminster Hall when Erskine was in his zenith, 
 and the four judges who were destined for "the golden 
 time" of the King's Bench were still at the outer bar. 
 These days must have been very happy ones, varied 
 as they were by a couple of Derbies (a race which he 
 never saw after '92), and visits to Ranelagh and the 
 Five Courts. His recollections of them lent a strong 
 
224 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 tincture to his conversation with those who cared more 
 for the ermined Daniels of the past than the dark 
 chestnut ones of the present, and invariably led on 
 over a bottle of claret to the " Chameleon coach," the 
 " Delpini colt," of the Grand Jury, and his other assize 
 tales of York.* 
 
 His banking probation at Hull dwelt less by him, 
 except in connexion with his first essays at sheep- 
 breeding, but a tradition still lingers there as to how 
 he astonished his townsmen by leaving his lodgings in 
 Dagger-lane on a Saturday afternoon, walking the 
 thirty-two miles to Sledmere to spend the Sunday, 
 and appearing by the same conveyance all fresh for 
 the bank business on Monday morning. He was well 
 built for the task, as five feet eleven by eleven stone 
 five " would about fetch him." His forty seasons as 
 master of foxhounds began some years before he suc- 
 ceeded to the baronetcy, and from 1823, the year 
 after his marriage, his Sledmere life had flowed on in 
 one almost unvaried round. " Statesmen might howl, 
 and patriots bray," but he did not care to be one of 
 " the faithful Commons" for the privilege of hearing 
 them. His friend, Sir George, could tell him all about 
 them when he came down in August ; and, as for 
 eloquence, his quotation from Mr. Jofrocks of " Muck's 
 your man!' could bring down far heartier cheers at a 
 Malton or Driffield agricultural dinner than any which 
 were echoed back from the panels of St. Stephen's. 
 His honest old Church and King creed found its best 
 public vent in building and endowing schools and 
 churches. Peel, Derby, and Palmerston might go out, 
 but Snarry's Cabinet, with the tally-board of the 
 yearling marks for its portfolio, and Cragg's Flat as 
 its Downing-street, was perfectly immortal. Besides 
 occasional fairs and horse-shows, there was the annual 
 
 See "Scott and Sebright," pp. 9-14 and 131-143. 
 
Sir Tatlon Sykes. 225 
 
 ride with Tom Carter his huntsman ;* the Leicester- 
 shire ram-lettings ; the three visits to York and Don- 
 caster races ; and then, at the fall of the leaf, his 
 friends in Holderness knew that he would be there to 
 an hour to sell his bullocks, and marshal his young 
 horses on the marshes, and meet the old party once 
 more. Her ladyship might go to London for the 
 season, but he was not to be tempted away from 
 Sledmere when the spring grass was bringing out " the 
 Buckley legs of mutton" in the lambs, and the year- 
 lings were fast coming to hand for York. 
 
 There was no spot more fitted by nature for this 
 pleasant pastoral of the Wolds. The inscription on 
 the pillared fountain by the road-side bore testimony 
 to what his father Sir Christopher had done in re- 
 claiming those primitive hunting-grounds of Squire 
 Draper of Beswick and his daughter Di ; and for forty 
 years Sir Tatton had followed steadily in his track, 
 with his hedges, farm-buildings, ponds, and planting. 
 Now, not one stone is left upon another of Falconer's 
 Hall, and if Sans Quartier that Nana Sahib of fal- 
 cons could be unhooded among the partridges, he 
 would not know his old haunts again, and career over 
 the enclosures far away from his lure. You wend your 
 four miles from Fimber station to Sledmere, past rich 
 wheat or turnip crops, or down an ever-winding ashen 
 glade. The gallop at Marramat, over which " the 
 long, thin, and lazy lad" from Newmarket alias the 
 redoubtable Sam Chifney used to give Sir Mark's 
 horses their breathers in Searle's day, is quite hid ; 
 and it takes all Snarry's eloquence to convince you, as 
 you look from the Castle Field, that Tibthorpe Farm 
 was once only a breezy wold, and " a good bit of 
 Boddle a rabbit-warren." Sledmere lies deeply em- 
 bosomed in woods, with its church scarcely a bow- 
 
 See " Scott and Sebright," p. 325= 
 
 Q 
 
226 Saddle and Sirtoin. 
 
 shot from the house. No frowning fence severs the 
 living from the dead : 
 
 " Where holy ground begins, unhallowed ends, 
 Is marked by no distinguishable line," 
 
 and the lawn seems gradually to ripple off into grassy 
 hillocks, 'neath the yew and the silver fir. Many a 
 stone can tell of family-servants grown hoary, and 
 gone to their rest. A simple cross is there, not to 
 mark a sleeper, but " to preserve in his native village" 
 the memory of a Sledmere soldier-lad who fell in the 
 Crimea ; and among them, on the north side of the 
 chancel shared with one whiD spent nearly forty 
 years in works of good at his side is the grave of Sir 
 Tatton. 
 
 The park vista, from the front door away to the 
 Castle Field woods, presented an ever varying group 
 of mares and foals ; but among them, day after day, 
 as two o'clock draws near, there is no longer the well- 
 known figure on the black, and latterly the dark 
 chestnut, and Snarry, in his snow-white jacket, as in- 
 terpreter to a small troop of friends on foot or horse- 
 back, who have " come to look round." Now they 
 would be scanning a short-legged chestnut Hampton, 
 or a bigger white-legged one by Pyrrhus, such as only 
 the King of Italy could tempt from those pastures ; 
 then a brown, thick-set Caster; a smart chestnut, 
 whose dark mahogany hue and tail-crest " testify of 
 Daniel ;" and bays and browns by Sleight-of-Hand, 
 of which Snarry observes, in an almost defiant tone, 
 " We can challenge any stud in England with our 
 Sleight-of-Hand mares. Bring what they like, we'll 
 meet them /" There, too, " giving colour" to the land- 
 scape, are a few White Stumps mares, the last of their 
 clan, and emblems of a time when Delpini and Sir 
 Mark's Camillus made the Yorkshire greys such effec- 
 tive place-getters. Still, of all his greys, Sfr Tatton 
 liked a Smolensko mare best the Stumps necks did 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 227 
 
 not quite please him, as " they are like the old horse's, 
 a trifle the wrong way up." 
 
 Nearly every great sire of England has left some 
 mark by proxy at Sledmere, on a Comus or Camillus 
 foundation. Whalebone made his with Stumps, the 
 first that Sir Tatton ever bought, Sultan with Hamp- 
 ton, Pantaloon with Sleight-of-Hand and The Libel, 
 Defence with Pyrrhus, Touchstone with Rifleman, Bay 
 Middleton with Andover, Venison with Fernhill, Emi- 
 lius with Mathematician, Birdcatcher with Daniel and 
 Womersley, Lanercost with Colsterdale, and Black- 
 lock, whose sire Whitelock was owned by Sir Mark, 
 with his great-grandson Fandango. Sir Tatton sold 
 a few draught mares, with Wicket among them, to the 
 Rawcliffe stud, when it began operations, and it was 
 well for it that he did not like Newminster's slow 
 paces, and declined him ; though he did homage to 
 his after-prowess by going out of his course to buy 
 one of his fillies. There were, we believe, about 120 
 brood mares, but several were not put to, and what 
 with other casualties, about 66 foals was the largest 
 return to Weatherby. How Snarry knew them all so 
 accurately, and talked like a book of their breed (and 
 always in italics when they were of " the Darling or 
 Daniel sort"), puzzled wiser heads than ours: Amati's 
 dam was the queen in point of success, cross her as 
 you might, as Gorsehill and Elcho followed " the 
 fiddle-maker; and she had a chesnut, Marquis of 
 Bowmont by " Daniel," almost as elegant a little 
 fellow as Elcho, whose skeleton has been preserved as 
 a model by the Royal Veterinary College. In fact, 
 we scarcely remember an.pdd-looking horse at Sled- 
 mere, except one of the 170 Daniels, and he seemed 
 to have strained back to a Flemish stock. It was a 
 puzzle why The Libel (the maternal grandsire of St. 
 Albans) should ever have been there, as he was so far 
 above the fifteen-two standard, but he was bought 
 without being seen, and then scarcely used. Mathe- 
 
 Q 2 
 
228 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 matician was not long in residence, and then only be- 
 cause Mr. Drinkald, a great customer for yearlings, to 
 the extent of five or six at a time, begged so hard. 
 He had only two or three mares, but he begot the 
 dam of Lecturer. Cervantes always got a good word, 
 as it was from a mare by him that the brothers Grey 
 Momus and Grey Milton, the 5<DO-guinea yearling and 
 foal, sprang ; and it was his great-grandson which 
 called forth Sir Tatton's reply to congratulations after 
 his win at Doncaster, " Well, sir, it is worth one's while 
 to breed an honest Lawyer" Old Comus filled the 
 paddocks with white-legged chestnuts, which the cross 
 with Camillus changed to grey ; and, like Hampton 
 and Womersley, his blood nicked right well with 
 Sleight-of-Hand. Daniel suited the Hampton mares, 
 but a " Sleight" cross put more substance on his foals. 
 It was something for one man to have bred Grey 
 Momus, The Lawyer, St. Giles, Gaspard, Elcho, 
 Dalby, and Lecturer, to say nothing of several smaller 
 winners ; and he used to observe that if he could 
 never breed a St. Leger winner, he got nearer the 
 Derby each time, with Grey Momus and Black 
 Tommy. His best sale was in 1861, when Brother to 
 Gaspard headed the poll at 500 guineas, and five by 
 Rifleman and Daniel averaged 386 guineas. Some of 
 his sires he thought beyond their market-price, but he 
 invariably sold them and all his horse-flesh remark- 
 ably well. He would only part with the " thin end of 
 the yearling fillies," and thus the sires had little more 
 than half a chance. We often thought, as we looked 
 at those mares, which had never heard the roar of the 
 Stand, or done a day's work in their lives, that per- 
 chance a Queen of Trumps or an Ellerdale might be 
 blushing unseen, and wasting her sweetness in merely 
 throwing fillies to wander on seeds, till they were at 
 matron's estate in their turn. Ellerdale was a mare to 
 whom Sir Tatton always hung, as she seldom failed 
 to run well over York and Doncaster, and hence he 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 229 
 
 did not grudge thirteen hundred for her own brother, 
 Colsterdale. His original intention was to buy her 
 half-brother, Loup-Garou, and he went to Cawston 
 paddocks to look at him, but thought him too light 
 below the knee. In his judgment of horses Sir Tatton 
 was very much what Jem Hills was in hounds he did 
 not want them large and showy, but they must be 
 thoroughly active and workmanlike. He was asked 
 to form one of the bench at Middlesboro', but he de- 
 clined on account of his failing sight, and speaking 
 from what he remembered of the horses from time to 
 time, we gleaned that Saunterer, although rather light- 
 boned, was more after his own heart than any of the 
 cracks in that ring. For Kingston he had a great 
 fancy, and if Mr. Blenkiron had not got the first refu- 
 sal, he would have given 3OOO/. for him. 
 
 His opinions were invariably given in the most 
 gentle way, and prefaced with " / may be wrong, sir'' 
 Unlike Mr. Bates, he was a listener rather than an 
 expounder in his pastures. He loved to get the best 
 judges in Yorkshire and the racing world there, and to 
 hear their judgments (which he never forgot) on the 
 yearlings, as they were brought out one by one, and 
 perhaps called for again, and compared in couples, 
 Snarry always .putting in a good word for a Daniel, 
 more especially when Fandango began to " starve" 
 him. Sometimes Sir Tatton would move an adjourn- 
 ment of " the taste committee" to the road, and the 
 wayfarer, who had doubtless just passed some four- 
 year-olds in the breaking bits, under Grayson's charge, 
 would suddenly find himself pulling up close to a 
 laurel hedge, to let a couple of young rivals, Rifleman 
 and Daniel, swing past him at full trot. Perhaps Ben 
 Morgan (a great favourite with the baronet) and the 
 hounds would call at this juncture, and hound shows 
 would be talked over while the ale was sent for to the 
 court-yard, and Ben would call up Warrener and his 
 lovely Languish to give an account of themselves, and 
 
230 Saddle and Sirloin, 
 
 the way they had dropped on to Tom Sebright at The 
 Cleveland Hound Show. 
 
 Then, if the party were so inclined, the grand circuit 
 of the mares began Diall's Field, Swale's Wold, 
 Cottage Pasture, Cherry Wood End, Cragg's Flat, 
 Castle Field, King's Field, and so home by the Park, 
 to Daniel's Paddock. One canter round it, with his 
 flag flying, just to show his muscle, was a ceremony 
 the chestnut never omitted ; and after that he stood 
 nibbling at his old master's stick, or letting him pass 
 his hand admiringly down his back, which was " cloven 
 like a ram's." Rifleman omitted the gallop, and was 
 quiet as a sheep throughout, but Snarry had some 
 sharp admonitions for Colsterdale (who was always 
 tearing at his irritable silky skin), when his half- 
 playful, half-mischievous " dot and go one" began, and 
 there was never any love lost between them from the 
 first. Fandango we never saw in a paddock ; but we 
 remember well Dick Stockdale's beaming face, when 
 he begged Sir Tatton to send him to Drirfield Show, 
 and how with that point of the right forefinger, which 
 he often adopted when he was making a jocular hjt, 
 while his face mantled with a hearty but noiseless 
 laugh, the baronet slyly intimated that he dare not 
 meet Maroon. Then Dick, who hadn't cared much 
 for shows since his horse was " put "aside" at Lincoln, 
 said that he wouldn't send Maroon, and offered to lead 
 Fandango with his own fair hands into the ring, and 
 Sir Tatton rejoined that it " certainly was a tempta- 
 tion," and so they had their laugh out.* Mr. Blenk- 
 
 * Dick Stockdale met with his death by a fall from his pony (which 
 brought on apoplexy), within 100 yards of his own stable at Skerne. 
 He was, in fact, just concluding his last round of the season with Walk- 
 ington. His stallion and colt lore was immense, beginning generally 
 with Tramp, and so through Brutandorf, Melbourne, St. Bennett, and 
 Robinson, down to Maroon. He began life with Mr. Whiting of Leven, 
 near Beverley, who had the first two horses, and he once acted as his 
 foreman on the farm as well. As a stacker and thatcher he could give 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 231 
 
 iron intended at one time to bid for Fandango, but he 
 saw that Sir Tatton was set upon the bay, and he did 
 not open his mouth. Such was the old baronet's 
 desire to have him, that he bid 3100, and forgot, till 
 Mr. Richard Tattersall reminded him, that he had 
 made the last bid as well, at 3000. On receiving this 
 hint, he merely pulled out his watch : " Well, sir, it's 
 nearly time for the first race, you'd better knock him 
 down ;" and a very dear bargain he proved. 
 
 He was perhaps never in higher spirits than when 
 he had " Mr. William" from Woodyeates as the com- 
 panion of his paddock strolls, as that " young man 
 
 weight to most of them. Brutandorf filled the country with hunters, 
 many of which were esteemed quite Gaylads if they had been trained ; 
 but still he was not the horse of Dick's heart. Dick's stories had in- 
 variably a Maroon moral, and were full of deep warning about men who 
 had spoken lightly of him or his stock, and endured unspeakable anguish 
 and loss of fortune in consequence. When the praises of some of 
 Maroon's rivals were often slyly uttered in his guardian's presence say, 
 on the Driffield platform, to which his portly frame was quite an appen- 
 dage, he never would stand it, and his standing retort was, that " They 
 had brok two men, and made another hang hisself" He was in a strange 
 state of delight when Mr. Philipps gave him the horse, and he gave 
 himself seisin with a most affectionate dig in the crimson bay's ribs and 
 a second corn supper. In that moment of triumph he quite forgot all 
 the bitter associations of the Lincoln Royal, when he was tempted across 
 the Humber to be told that he might go back to his shed, and retired 
 not with "a conquering hero step," but in a walking swoon, only to see 
 the card of victory over " that thing Loutherbourg. " He seemed to be 
 ever on the move after a foal or a trotting horse, or doing something in 
 obedience to " a letter from the Captain," and we liked well to see him 
 come bustling down Beverley to keep an early appointment at the Rose 
 and Crown, looking like a jolly Triton just emerged from Spurn Head. 
 An "At Home" with Dick at Skerne was also a marvellous sight out- 
 of-doors when he had Maroon up for a lecture on the knoll ; inside 
 when he was helping with the frying-pan, and beaming over our recital 
 of Sir Tatton's prophecy, "Afr. Stockdale will give you some excellent 
 ham for breakfast to-morrow" 
 
 When the news did come that some of the Maroon colts had been 
 sold into the Royal stables, one might have supposed that he expected 
 a summons to court, and a knighthood when he got there. August and 
 September were very happy months to him among the horse and foal 
 shows ; but he was not thought a particularly good judge of horses. 
 Foals were more his forte, and he read their horoscopes well. The 
 
232 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 from the country" always meant business, and gene- 
 rally arrived on the quiet after a good trial to look for 
 some more of the sort. It was he who made the great 
 hit for Womersley, when in 1855, the first year that 
 Sir Tatton sold his yearlings at York, four, with St. 
 Giles among them, returned without a bid, and he 
 took them at sixty all round. He then tried some 
 Womersley fillies ; but they did no good, and were 
 sent back to Sledmere. 
 
 Lord George Bentinck was once at Sledmere, but 
 his lordship did nothing particular but pursue his pet 
 system of rattling his hat to make the yearlings gallop 
 
 judges often went to have a little chaff with him, and ask him what the 
 people were saying, and of course Dick laid bare his own feelings in the 
 matter, and fathered them most liberally on to "They say." At 
 Northallerton, where he led General Williams into the ring, "by 
 special request, " he informed them that he ' ' he heard a man say, and a 
 varra good judge too, that you ought all to be hung " Latterly, he was 
 more of a spectator, except at foal shows. He got stout, and he 
 couldn't run much, and he didn't care to strip off his coat and go at it 
 like " Franky" (though he was quite open to a running match with him) 
 for the special amusement of the outsiders. He loitered about generally 
 at one corner of the ring, putting his lip down (which he always did, like 
 Tom Sebright, when he was going to have a sly dig), wagging his head 
 slightly, and giving his friends such a grip of the hand when he met 
 them. When he was chaffed about his picture in " Silk and Scarlet," 
 he always said that Mr. and Mrs. Scott had got him in at Whitewall 
 specially to compare its lineaments with the original, and that "they 
 didrit think it half handsome enough" 
 
 A day at Sir Tatton's once a year, if he could manage it, was a great 
 point with him. Dick at lunch with Sir Tatton in the dining-room at 
 Sledmere, with one glass of ale in him, was a sight for men and gods, 
 as his host kept poking him up about Maroon and divers incidents in 
 his travels. Every little shot told, as Sir Tatton knew everything 
 going ; but Dick only replied, with a most jolly continuous grin, and 
 went on to glass No. 2, to show Sir Tatton that he did not acquiesce in 
 his remark, " You live so -well at Driffield you all get the gout." The 
 bye-play between them was quite a bit of rich genuine Yorkshire 
 comedy. Dick's retort that Maroon had only one fault, being "a 
 little over-big for Sir Tat fan Sykes" delighted the old baronet amazingly 
 by its felicity and neatness ; but, generally, it was more the way he said 
 things than the things he said which distinguished him as a character, 
 nothing but the East Riding country could have produced two men so 
 different, and yet so united in their horse-love. 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 233 
 
 in the paddocks, so as to find out whether they were 
 roarers. " Send me all the Grey Momus family, Sir 
 Tatton" were his words when the grey turned out so 
 well, but he tired of them when Grey Milton disap- 
 pointed him so sorely. While the grey was in his 
 zenith his lordship extended his love to everything of 
 Comus blood, and gave Sir Tatton 750 guineas for 
 three young hunters unbroken. Of Grey Momus he 
 was wont to say that " nothing put him amiss ; he was 
 equally fit for a harness horse, hunter, or racer his 
 only fault was not winning the Derby." The Sledmere 
 mares did not average above fifteen-one-and-a-half, 
 and many of them looked mere ponies in the stable. 
 They had been so little handled that they were very 
 nervous about having their heads touched, and several, 
 we are told, died from their own violence in the stable, 
 when they left Sledmere. They were in fact pure 
 children of the prairie. 
 
 There were too many of them, and hence no stud 
 lived so hard out of doors. When grass was very 
 scarce they had hay, varied at times by oats and 
 chopped straw. Only two sets of twins were reared, 
 and yet the Sir Hercules mare, which suckled her own, 
 was not allowed any corn, and was put in Mr. Hill's 
 field that they might not favour her. Instead of re- 
 ducing, Sir Tatton kept increasing his stock of brood 
 mares ; and unaccountable as it might seem, while he 
 had some 320 head of horse stock, including hacks, 
 in his stables and his paddocks, he would never Iceep 
 a pair of carriage horses, but hired post-horses from 
 Malton, and latterly the Sledmere Inn. At first he 
 did not give a long price for his stallions, and Hamp- 
 ton and Sleight-of-Hand only cost him about 3OO/. 
 each. Hampton, after whom the Home Paddock 
 was called " Hampton Court," left something 
 more than his name on the shed. He was 
 rather undersized, but he got his stock full of 
 quality. The paddock, into which you might see 
 
234 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Snarry and his assistants drive a herd of twenty or 
 thirty mares to be tried on a spring morning, by 
 Colsterdale or Fandango, might well bear his name 
 as " he was the first one to call our own," as Snarry 
 has it. Stumps was also one of its tenants, and so 
 were Spotted Boy, Comus ("a great horse with us 
 once on a time "), Spencer, own-brother to Green 
 Mantle, Rifleman, and lastly Colsterdale. Sir Tatton 
 delighted in Andover, whose walk and trot were as 
 taking as his gallop, but he never " let down " or 
 furnished, and he was also a little too near of kin to 
 the Hampton mares. He was bought for 14507. 
 and sold for 2OOO/., while Rifleman came at the 
 latter sum and departed, after two years of good 
 service, at a 5<DO/. advance. " A good joke was 
 Daniel what a flying leap he took in Hampton 
 Paddock " is a great saying of Snarry's, who never 
 had so much sympathy with, or talked so confiden- 
 tially to any one of the sires as he did to him. His 
 price was 8oo/. and he made it over again at the end 
 of seven seasons. Sir Tatton's last yearling average 
 was 131 guineas for thirteen, none of which fetched 
 more than 350 guineas, and the 310 lots at the sale 
 made (58 foals inclusive) 24,571 guineas.* Among 
 the latter was Lecturer at the foot of Algebra, and the 
 pair fell to the Hon. C. W. Fitzwilliam for 70 guineas. 
 A Fandango yearling from Monge's dam developed 
 most remarkable trotting power one morning in the 
 paddocks when he got separated from his mate. The 
 late Mr. Crisp must have got the office from some one, 
 as he bought him for 140 guineas, and he beat the 
 Norfolk trotters at the County Show of '68. Cousin 
 Bet with her Blair Athol colt, Glenalmond, at her foot 
 made 1000 guineas at York, and the colt as a year- 
 
 * The highest priced brood mare (Sister to The Lawyer), yearling, 
 two-year-old, three-year-old, and four-year-old made 260 guineas, 
 165 guineas, 135 guineas, 135 guineas, and 150 guineas respectively. 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 235 
 
 ling cleared the purchase money at Doncaster, and 
 Mr. Blenkiron averaged in 1866-67, exactly 1312^ 
 guineas for yearlings from Gaspard's and Elcho's 
 dams. People said that the old blood would come 
 out, and Lord Berners and Mr. Borton have won with 
 a strong stain of it at the Royal, the Yorkshire, and 
 the Smithfield Club. 
 
 In his dining room, his own presentation picture by 
 Sir Francis Grant had the post of honour; and it 
 often elicited the story of how he rode the little chest- 
 nut to London, and how Sir Francis shared a bottle 
 of pale ale with him by way of " improving my com- 
 plexion " for the picture. Mr. Morrell rested on the 
 floor below, with Mr. R. Duckfield Astley and his 
 harriers. King Cob the greyhound, Grey Momus, 
 Bay Middleton, and Pyrrhus the First formed the rest 
 of this curious collection, along with a hunting print, 
 in which old Will Carter, who never would wear a hat 
 or carry a horn, is getting away from cover on the 
 blood chestnut Anna Maria. Yorkshiremen some- 
 times wondered that Lottery had not found admission, 
 but Sir Tatton gave a very good reason for it, that 
 he had sent eleven mares to him one season and only 
 had one foal. 
 
 The picture of the two Sir Tatton Sykes's, horse 
 and man, which hung on the staircase gallery, would 
 lead on to the tale of his visit to Mr. Herring, and his 
 grotesque reception. The servant-girl could not speak 
 when she opened the door, but shrieked with laughter 
 for a minute or two, and then ran to her master's 
 studio. There she did no better, and could only sit in 
 a chair and gasp out, " The old gentleman with the 
 stick" and then " off again " like a woman bewitched, 
 till Mr. Herring, rinding that she would not "rise to 
 explain," went to the door himself. The girl had 
 evidently paused amid her sweeping labours, and 
 conned over the likeness of " the old gentleman " at 
 the head of the horse Sir Tatton Sykes, and the see- 
 
236 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 ing it suddenly embodied in flesh and blood had quite 
 overcome her. Sir Tatton was peculiarly tenacious 
 of old friendships, and kept them in constant repair, 
 and he would just as soon have thought of omitting 
 this Camberwell visit to the great " Master of the 
 Horse," or his Christmas present of game to Sam 
 Day and other old racing friends, as he would have 
 left York races without calling on Mr. Kirby, when he 
 saw him under the portico of the Stand no more. He 
 often reminded Mr. Gully that they were born on the 
 same day, " but eleven years apart, Sir Tatton," as 
 " King John " used to reply ; and as for Mr. Joe 
 Whittaker's buff-waistcoat, he thought that he had 
 known it at Doncaster as long as the Stand itself. 
 Since his eyesight became worse, he did not photo- 
 graph so well, and his face seemed to fall away. 
 
 The last he sat, or rather stood for, was that small 
 group of himself, Sir George Cholmley, and Snarry 
 looking at Fandango, in " Scott and Sebright." The 
 sight of one eye was quite gone for some years before 
 his death ; but impaired as the other was, it grew no 
 worse. Mr. Phillips thought it too acute on that me- 
 morable day of '62, when he arrived with Prince Cari- 
 gnan and Count Cigala (who bore the King of Italy's 
 likeness as a present from His Majesty), and found 
 himself dropped upon in the treasonable act of slip- 
 ping a little water into the ale, in which the health of 
 the King's second batch of purchases was to be 
 drunk. The King got six Pyrrhus mares among his 
 eight, and a hamper of that Sledmere ale, whose 
 potency his London commissioner had so much 
 dreaded, accompanied the second lot. 
 
 It was Sir Tatton's habit to get up at half-past 
 five in the winter, shave himself in cold water, and 
 wash his head. He would then go into the library, 
 on the side of the house looking out into the park, 
 and walk in his dressing-gown, slippers, and breeches. 
 The library is ninety feet in length, and he used to 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 237 
 
 calculate how many miles he walked by filling his 
 pocket with silver, and depositing a piece of it on a 
 table at one end every time he had finished the 
 return journey. Sometimes the ultimate array of 
 monitors would speak to a strong four-mile exercise 
 before breakfast. For three years previous to his 
 death he was seldom up before six, and latterly seven 
 o'clock, and ere he was eighty he gave up his early 
 rides to Garton, Kirby, and Wetwang. When he 
 took them he was always back to an eight o'clock 
 breakfast, and a basin of milk with apple or goose- 
 berry tart was his delight. Bread he rarely touched, 
 and he took tea occasionally, but the only meat he 
 really cared for was a very fat shoulder of mutton. 
 He always ate a great deal of fat, but he and it did 
 not " assimilate," as Liebig could have wished, and he 
 never grew fat, and at no time of his life could he do 
 more than just turn the beam at I2st. Vegetables he 
 cared very little for, and eggs and puddings were 
 equally in the cold shade with him. For many years 
 he only ate breakfast and dinner, and although he had 
 friends almost every day to luncheon, he seldom took 
 anything up to his six o'clock dinner except a glass of 
 wine. The greater part of his days were spent with 
 Snarry in the paddock or with his shepherd. He sat 
 reading in his private room, which had 'pictures of 
 almost every Yorkshire and world-wide sporting cele- 
 brity on its walls, while three photographs of Tom 
 Sayers in fighting costume hung in his dressing-room. 
 He had been introduced to Tom and shaken hands 
 with him most cordially at Doncaster. Nat Langham 
 saw the ring which the spectators formed, and subse- 
 quently seeking out Sir Tatton at his wonted place 
 near the judge's chair, he informed him that he was 
 the only man that ever beat Tom. " Well then, sir," 
 said Sir Tatton, putting out his hand instantly, "/ shall 
 have the honour of shaking hands with two brave 
 men" It was quite a point with him to see the 
 
238 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 champion of the year, and Jem Mace came in for a 
 congratulation, but he only looked at " The Staley- 
 bridge Infant." We, however, never remember him 
 asking us so earnestly to try and point any one out to 
 him as Sir Joseph Hawley, whom he looked upon as 
 quite the Turf hero of the day. 
 
 He prided himself not a little on his field ponds, at 
 which he often laboured hard with his coat off. Their 
 formation was on this wise. A thin half-inch layer 
 of lime was laid down to prevent the worm from 
 getting through, and upon this was put a four-inch 
 layer of clay puddled to the consistency of paste. This 
 was limed again and the whole formed a surface as 
 impervious as pot. A thin covering of straw was then 
 put to prevent the stones, which he would often break 
 himself, from perforating the clay, and upon that a 
 layer of three-inch stones to prevent the beasts from 
 slipping when they came to the water. When there 
 was no vein of clay on the farm, supplies had to be 
 sought from some of those dun and drab egg-shaped 
 pockets of Kimmeridge, which crop out among the 
 chalk strata. Sir Tatton was also fond of road-mak- 
 ing, and he would take a turn with the turnip hoers if 
 there was nothing special going on at the paddocks 
 that morning. 
 
 Of the weight of a beast he was an excellent judge, 
 but, unlike the present baronet, he took no interest in 
 pedigreed stock. It was his invariable custom to 
 attend Malton Michaelmas Fair and buy twenty or 
 thirty West Highland stirks for the park, where they 
 ran their first winter and were finished off in the 
 smaller pastures. Agricultural shows were not much 
 in his way, but he never missed going to see the 
 hunter show at Drifiield, where he stood, in the centre 
 of the ring with the judges. The Yorkshire Show 
 very seldom tempted him out for the day, but he could 
 not resist a visit to the York Royal, and dined and 
 spoke at the banquet. 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 239 
 
 Leicester sheep were his delight, and he would keep 
 at least twenty score of ewes. He let from 100 to 
 no rams annually to ram breeders and tenants, and 
 liked a small, compact sheep as the most thrifty for 
 Wold purposes. Mr. Hall of Scorbro' generally gave 
 the highest price (which never exceeded 3O/.) for a 
 ram at his letting, and took from one to three every 
 year. Fat lambs Sir Tatton never would sell, and 
 latterly he only gave his wethers one winter on tur- 
 nips. Buckley, Burgess, and Stone had laid the 
 corner-stone of his flock, but for nearly twenty years he 
 had used no rams save his own. His sheep had grass, 
 turnips, and hay, but they were as ignorant of cake 
 and peas as the " Welshmen" on Snowdon. For early 
 sheep-feeding, he more especially preferred White 
 Stone Globe, and he finished up with Swedes. It was 
 his rule never to sow mangolds and turnips before the 
 first of June, as he did not consider that the land had 
 absorbed sufficient heat, Cabbage he tried once, but 
 gave it up ; he only grew potatoes for home consump- 
 tion, and oats while he had hunters and hounds to eat 
 it. Bones were a great point with him ; he first intro- 
 duced them at Pockthorpe, and broke them up to 
 half-an-inch with hammers. 
 
 The Wolds are essentially a sheep district, and 
 horse-breeding has not been found to answer so well 
 as in Holderness. Hence, Sir Tatton always held 
 thirty-five acres of marsh land at his Ryehill estate, 
 and made a practice of going down there once a year 
 with his three and four-year-old hunter colts. The 
 yearling and two-year-old colts he put out "on seeds 
 along with the fillies which joined the stud at four 
 years old. The tenth of May was " Marsh Morning," 
 and soon after four o'clock Sir Tatton on his hack 
 would head the cavalcade. He had generally three 
 or four men with him to drive and help at the bye- 
 lanes and corners. When he kept hounds, his hunters 
 had three and a half months of this Marsh life, and 
 
240 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 came back early in September, as soon as the ram- 
 letting was over. Tom Carter looked to them, but 
 the younger ones were brought back into residence at 
 Sledmere by Sir Tatton himself, when he paid his 
 second visit to Holderness in October, and stayed two 
 or three days with his tenant Mr. Dickenson, of Hum- 
 bleton Hall. 
 
 There were no degrees in his courtesy ; and it is 
 rarely that such guileless simplicity of heart is united 
 to such a keen intuitive perception of men, and a 
 power of taking their measure. There was always 
 the right word for them in the right place, to check or 
 encourage ; he was quite as patient a listener as he 
 was a race-rider, and liked to answer questions ; and 
 if they left him without twenty curious scraps of 
 knowledge, quite unconnected with Kutusoff, " Split 
 Post Douglas," or the Beverley Club, they had only 
 themselves to blame. " Mr. Argus," as he always 
 termed him, when they met, was his great racing 
 writer, and he loved dearly to have his feuilletons read 
 to him, and to see him at Sledmere in person on his 
 last grand field-day there with John Scott. Cows he 
 did not care about, but sheep would soon bring out 
 the story of Ajax, and the day when he would not let 
 Mr. Sanday's father pick his first lot of ewes, and then 
 found his mistake in going for all the most transparent 
 ears. He preferred sheep of a smaller size than the 
 Wold farmers liked, and his belief that they were more 
 thrifty was so rooted, that he would not alter the style, 
 and declared that he could build one of the modern 
 Leicestejs out of a fleece and a rail. 
 
 Then he would turn to hounds and those " Sykes 
 Goneaway" days, when he hunted all the York 
 country from Spurn Point to Coxwold, and when the 
 York Wednesday generally found them leaving off 
 about forty miles from home. As the years of Sir 
 Tatton and Tom lengthened, their hunting days grew 
 shorter, and there was often time left for a little hedge- 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 241 
 
 slashing in the afternoon. Sir Tatton was always a 
 quiet rider, as some men count riding, and if he liked 
 to see Bill Scott on Ainderby and the rest go along, 
 he never cared more than once to try and follow 
 " that terrible man, Mr. Ridsdale." A few years 
 before his death he appeared at the cover side in a 
 new scarlet coat, and when he was warmly congratu- 
 lated on the omen, he replied that he was wearing it 
 strictly under protest from her ladyship, who thought 
 him too old to kill foxes. 
 
 For hunting he never really cared, and although very 
 cool and a capital judge of pace, he rode too long to 
 finish well on the flat The " orange body and purple 
 satin sleeves and cap" have been in abeyance since he 
 wore them at Beverley. He liked best schooling a young 
 horse, and never was man more patient and gentle with 
 them. His best young one was generally chosen for 
 the Leicestershire ram journeys, and then most of his 
 day's ride was done, when other people were in their 
 beds. He never failed to get off and lead in his horse 
 for the last mile. A great hunting maxim of his was 
 " Give your servants good horses, and they wont abuse 
 them." Eight or nine years before his death he gave 
 up going to Leicestershire, and in fact he did not care 
 for the journey after his old huntsman Tom Carter 
 died. He really received his own death-stroke two 
 years before his death. The road between Sledmere 
 and Fimber was being lowered, and he had worked 
 very hard in his shirt sleeves at breaking stones. 
 " Richard" took him his ale and sandwich for lun- 
 cheon, and he went out of the sun, and sat down on a 
 tree root in the plantation to eat it, and there fell fast 
 asleep : and the draught brought on a chill which he 
 never got over. 
 
 When Tom died, his master was no longer seen 
 coming, all dusty, down Hall Gate on the Doncaster 
 Monday, from a twelve hours' ride by Booth Ferry, 
 but he quietly adopted the rail. In fact, he had no 
 
 R 
 
242 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 querulous sighings after old times, and was content 
 to enjoy the good of the present without comparing 
 it with the past. At the death of the cowkeeper, 
 where he put up for forty years, he moved to Bennit- 
 thorpe, and lodged during the meeting with Sir 
 George Cholmley* and his son. About half-past ten 
 the three would be seen coming over the Hall Cross 
 hill to the sale-rings ; and there Sir Tatton stood on 
 Mr. Tattersall's left, with his faithful " Richard" at 
 hand to note the prices for him. The crack men 
 would always have a word and a joke with him : he 
 said that Captain White's cheery laugh did him as 
 much good as anything in the whole year ; and Mr. 
 Greville and all of them drew up, when it oozed out 
 
 * Sir George Cholmley divides his " Cholmley chestnuts" between 
 Boynton, Howsham, and Newton. Hubert's paddocks are at the first- 
 named place, and Angelus is the guardian angel of the last. For many 
 years Sir George did not keep a sire, but used Sir Tatton's. When 
 they were at Doncaster together one year, Sir George recommended 
 Womersley to his old friend, and hence that Irish Birdcatcher chestnut 
 went to Sledmere for a season. Codrington (who got his stock with 
 rare shoulders and pretty little heads) was by him, and was one of those 
 which William Day passed over, when he had his choice of "all the 
 sort." Sir George declared that he had passed the best, and offered 
 40 guineas to have his pick of the draft. Codrington lamed himself off 
 a mare, and was ultimately sold to Vienna. Record by Emilius was 
 another purchase ; and Orpheus, who is still on the Wolds at Kilham, 
 cost 40 guineas at Tattersall's. Angelus was by him from Nutmeg, a 
 Nassau Stakes winner of Lord Exeter's, which was purchased at Don- 
 caster. He ran five times as a two-year-old, and was second to Little 
 Stag at Beverley. At one time he was rather talked of for the St. 
 Leger ; but he was a large, fat colt, and therefore excessively difficult 
 to prepare. Sir George has about twenty thorough-bred and ten half- 
 bred mares ; and winners of the Great National Steeplechase and 
 Hunters Stakes are his specialty. The park seems full of matrons with 
 chestnut Angelus and brown Hubert foals. Among the mares we note 
 Barnacles, the dam of Highflyer the steeple-chaser ; Whitefeet of the 
 Hexgrave family ; Miss Taylor by Orpheus, the dam of Belinda ; and 
 Hexgrave's dam, a Sleight-of-Hand mare, with white spots round the 
 eyes. There are three cups at Newton, won respectively by Adonis, 
 The Don, and Peep o' Day Boy j and Mr. Thompson, Mr. Boynton, 
 end Mr. Spence have been in the " bbvcfe-yellow sleeves and black 
 
 P-" 
 
 Angelus has vron three Yorkshire prizes in succession, and during 
 
\ w - 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 or 
 
 / 
 
 43 
 
 that he might, perhaps, go to the three thousand 
 reserve for Fandango. With an endurance abso- 
 lutely miraculous for a man of his years, he used to 
 stand each day at the sales and races for nearly 
 seven hours on a stretch, and shook hands with scores 
 of people who claimed acquaintance, and whom, he 
 said, he had never seen to his knowledge. However, 
 he had a good-humoured word for each ; and no 
 one was more ready. The card and list women 
 always lay in wait for him ; and the colloquies 
 between them, all claiming a vested interest in his 
 custom, and appealing to him if it wasn't so, must 
 have cost him many an extra shilling to settle 
 amicably when "you ladies are so very quarrelsome /" 
 
 1868 with the Royal in aid, he made 140 guineas in the show-yards. 
 Bob Brignall was in 'great force as he opened door after door, and told 
 his chestnuts' story. There stood the five-year- old Julius, who never 
 ran, but won in shows ; and Belinda, a small Orpheus hack, which has 
 won as a lady's horse both at Wetherby and Scarborough and London ; 
 but Don John was the crack of the stable. His head is a little plain, 
 but his quarters are beautiful, and taking him throughout, we have seen 
 few three-year-old hunters like him. As a four-year-old, he beat the 
 almost invincible Topstall and all the hunters in the yard for the Royal 
 Gold Medal at Manchester. He is by A*gelus, from Whitefeet by 
 Codrington. Emperor's dam was purchased from Mr. Anne without a 
 pedigree. Emperor IV. by Angelus, now a four-year-old, is at How- 
 sham, and is a chestnut, like nearly all his kinsfolk, and full sixteen 
 hands high. Emperor I. was a bay, and was sold to Mr. Little Gilmour 
 for three hundred guineas. He was hunted at Melton for eight seasons, 
 and was shot last spring. He was by Record, the sire of many good 
 hunters, and Sir George's eldest son rode him for some time, before he 
 (Mr. Gilmour) had him. Emperor II. was a bay by Orpheus ; Mr. 
 James Hall bought him from Sir George for 300 guineas, and he was 
 put up for sale at York, and Mr. Chaplin gave 400 guineas for him. 
 He won his first race for the "all rose," to wit, the National Steeple- 
 chase at Wetherby, whose fine scope of course and large fences suited 
 him to a nicety. Emperor III. was by Cock Robin, a horse of Mr. 
 George Payne's, by Chanticleer dam by Charles XII. Mr. Chaplin 
 gave 400 guineas for him, and he won the same race at Bedford. Sir 
 George also bred Rosamond, the ten-year-old mare which was sold at 
 the late Sir Charles Slingsby's sale for 430 guineas. Caradon I. by 
 Orpheus is a crack hunter of Mr. Hall's, and the hero of a very great 
 day ; and Caradon II. is full of promise, and has taken a head prize a.t 
 the Yorkshire Show. 
 
 R 2 
 
244 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Still he seemed a most willing annual victim, and 
 " parted" so well, that, if he got value received, he 
 must have consumed nearly a ream of return-lists. 
 He first became such an especial character at Don- 
 caster when he led back his namesake to scale. He 
 was only seventy-four then ; but, ever after that, the 
 St. Leger jockeys looked for his hand-shake as the 
 seal of victory when they passed through the little 
 white gate of Fame. After Bill Scott died, he seemed 
 to have a great partiality for Nat. The last winning 
 horse he ever went to meet was The Lawyer, but he 
 did not lead him in. The trainers of the cracks 
 generally made a point of sending him word when 
 they would strip their horses for him to look 
 over, and he made a special point of visiting Old 
 Calabar. 
 
 He was very fond of a morning at Whitewall, and 
 till within a fortnight of his death, he often said, " I 
 shall be able to go and see Mr. Scott again," and, in 
 fact, he quite built on that visit, which was never to 
 be. There was a languor and general failing about 
 him at Doncaster in " The Marquis's" year, and when 
 his friends noted that he gladly sat down between 
 the races, and came to the course in a carriage on the 
 Friday, they might well feel a foreboding that he had 
 paid his last visit to the " Moor." The real truth was 
 that he had rather martyred himself with a new pair 
 of top-boots (which he always had made at Don- 
 caster), and would not send home for a pair of easy 
 ones ; but still the decline had begun. 
 
 A little quiet after Doncaster revived him, and he 
 was once more away by the early train to Holderness. 
 The late Mr. Leonard, of Hull, to whom he had sold 
 his beasts for many years, was too ill to meet him, as 
 of yore, and he did business with his son, and calcu- 
 lated the weight and value as closely as ever. He 
 talked with apparent zest of old friends and times in 
 Hull, but there were not lacking symptoms that his 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 245 
 
 hour v/as nigh. An attack of bronchitis in November 
 shook him still more, and it was aggravated by his 
 dislike to doctoring, and his forgetfulness of age 
 During the winter, he liked to sit by the fire and be 
 read to, and scarcely cared to go near his mares 
 and foals, which those about him felt to be the 
 strongest involuntary confession of growing weakness, 
 more especially in a man, who was always thought to 
 have a strong secret wish of living to be a hundred. 
 Early in March he had an attack of gout, which 
 rather amused him than otherwise, seeing that his 
 family had been subject to it, and here he was the 
 premier sportsman of England, in immediate succes- 
 sion to " Old Kit Wilson," only caught by it at ninety- 
 and-a-half. When it quitted him eight days before 
 his death, dropsy rapidly set in, and the sad whisper, 
 scarcely believed at first, went over Yorkshire, that 
 " Sir Tatton is dying." Some hoped he might rally 
 as he had done before, but the once iron frame had 
 found its conqueror. He lay almost insensible, but 
 breathing very heavily, from Tuesday to Saturday, 
 and then his brave old heart went out with the 
 dawn.* 
 
 The chestnut Wensleydale is the only one of the 
 old blood that the present baronet retains, and he 
 chose her out of a lot of eighteen three-year-old 
 fillies. She is by Colsterdale and strains back to the 
 
 * The funeral took place on Friday, 27th March, 1863, and was 
 attended by nearly three thousand of all classes from the East and North 
 Ridings. At half-past twelve the coffin was placed on a rest at the west 
 front of the house, before which the tenantry were arranged in pairs, 
 and the procession was then formed to the church. Lord Hotham, 
 Lord Middleton, Sir F. Legard, Admiral Buncombe, Mr. L. Thomp- 
 son, Mr. R. Bower, Mr. James Hall, and Mr. Hill were the pall 
 bearers. The day was clear but cold, and Sledmere, with the troops of 
 deer moving in the distance, and the brood mares and foals throwing up 
 their heads and trotting round the park, and then stopping to gaze at 
 the multitude which had invaded their solitudes, never looked more 
 beautiful. 
 
246 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 dam of Grey Momus, that fountain head of Sled- 
 mere stud honour. Miss Agnes by Birdcatcher and 
 her daughter Little Agnes by The Cure were then 
 purchased from the late John Osborne, who would not 
 part with Agnes by Clarion, the foundress of the 
 tribe. Bernice by Stockwell had a short sojourn of a 
 year, and left Sophie by Lord Clifden behind her, and 
 the speedy lop-eared Marigold by Teddington is one 
 of the four perpetually in residence. It is a strange 
 contrast to old times, when three or four stacks with 
 eight or nine foals haltered to each, so that they might 
 learn to lead, were the object of a morning's walk. 
 The new order of things, limited as it is, has so far 
 borne better fruits than the old. The Agneses 
 arrived in foal with Bismark (500 guineas) and Tib- 
 thorpe, both of them winners, and the latter a cracker 
 if his pipes had been as good as his pace. A Little 
 Agnes filly has also won in a small way, and so has 
 Amendment, the daughter of Wensleydale, and when 
 we were in " Hampton Court" paddock one Sep- 
 tember we found Snarry lunging Frivolity, a pretty 
 chestnut daughter of Macaroni and Miss Agnes and 
 expressing pretty confident hopes that " my beauty" 
 would let him read something to her advantage ere 
 long in his Manchester paper. She. did not belie his 
 hopes with 500 guineas at the hammer, and she won 
 the Althorp Stakes by a neck, with six or seven future 
 winners behind her, the very first time she was stripped. 
 Her dam had no foal at her foot in the paddocks, 
 where three chestnuts, two Stockwells, and a Thor- 
 manby, which averaged 400 guineas at Doncaster, 
 
 ' Were glad, nosing the mother's udder," 
 
 and playing havoc with the countless mushrooms in 
 their gambols. Morphia, her half brother from Wens- 
 leydale, came in for a smaller share of Snarry's heart, 
 but leggy and unlikely to " come to hand early" as he 
 
Sir Tat ton's Monument. 247 
 
 then seemed, he won the Goodwood Nursery on a 
 Friday, and on the Monday he was giving a stone 
 and finishing level with Catalonia for the Nursery at 
 Ripon. Six winners out of four mares in three 
 seasons is no small allowance. 
 
 Pedigreed shorthorn cows with rich-haired Duke of 
 Towneley calves are also to be found in the spots 
 once specially dedicated to blood stock, and two 
 drape cows were laying on Christmas beef in the well 
 walled acres of " Daniel's own." Coates's Herd Book 
 is at last having its claim allowed by the side of 
 Wetherby's Calendar^ and the red Duke of Towneley, 
 with a man on each side of that handsome but 
 treacherous fore-hand, is ushered into the yard, and 
 walks snorting down the high road. 
 
 The mares are always taken up when the hounds 
 come. In old Sir Tatton's time Lord Middleton 
 never drew the Sledmere covers (which are full of 
 foxes, and require an enormous amount of routing), 
 but whipped off, as the troops of mares would have 
 taken to galloping half the day, and have probably 
 cast their foals. The litters were, of course, carefully 
 looked after, and carried off to another part of the 
 country. However, when the railroad was made, the 
 whips could very seldom stop them, and they ran to 
 Sledmere oftener during the first three years after the 
 line was opened than they had done in the previous 
 twr nty. Pry Whin is a beautiful cover for cubs, with 
 that grand pear-shaped bit of whin, gorse and briars 
 in its centre, from which we have seen a brace of old 
 foxes leisurely cross the riding on a summer afternoon. 
 Beyond it, at the end of this line of woodland, is the 
 Gothic tower, which has been erected to Sir Tatton's 
 memory on Garton Hill. A laboured inscription 
 would have only mocked a memory so rich in grand 
 simplicity. Few words were needed, and none are 
 there save " The memory of the just is blessed." A 
 hot haze denied us a distant view as we scaled the 
 
248 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 winding stair, and stood at last in the little guest- 
 chamber near the top. On one side were the deep 
 green woods of Sledmere ; to the seaward the 
 4< waves of wheat which ripple round the lonely 
 Grange" (where Mr. Major had just shown us the 
 paces of his first prize hackney mare Polly) and down 
 the Crussdale Valley. Driffield church stood out in 
 the distance among those vast ash-tree hedge-rows 
 which have been recently thinned out with Dutch 
 regularity to one in fifteen yards, and the sky-line 
 on the south stretches over many a rich arable farm, 
 to the country of Philip Ramsden, once the patron 
 saint of roadsters " by Huggate and Pocklington 
 way." 
 
 Old Bob Ramsden of Market Weighton had Pre- 
 tender and Reformer (both trotting sires) from Norfolk. 
 At eighty he dressed the character to the life, in white 
 stockings and shoes, long black coat, low broad hat, 
 and kerseymere breeches. Even at that age he could 
 show a trotter's paces with any man at Market 
 Weighton each market Wednesday in May. He was 
 never in a hurry about it, but sat in his chimney 
 corner, and let the others trot on till his pipe was 
 finished. Then he 'would reach down his spurs, buckle 
 them on to his shoes, and mount his galloway to show 
 off his stallion. Performer was his delight ; he would 
 gallop his galloway by his side on the turnpike, and 
 then shift the saddle on to the horse, and, as he was 
 wont to say, " Trot over their backs" No horse could 
 trot with Performer, and he trotted faster than he 
 could gallop. Old Bob was six feet high when in his 
 prime, and game to the backbone. He was consi- 
 derably above seventy when he fetched the cap and 
 jacket of other days out of a drawer, and it was all 
 his friends could do to prevent him coming up to 
 London then and there to ride a friend's horse for a 
 ten miles' trotting match. His son Philip, who died 
 a few years since, did a great deal towards improving 
 
Yorkshire Trotting Conversation. 249 
 
 the size of Yorkshire roadsters, by introducing Roan 
 Phenomenon.* 
 
 We are now in the great Vale of York, to which 
 Mr. Bancroft could find no parallel save the plain of 
 Lornbardy. It comprises every kind of soil, from stiff 
 
 * The following is a specimen of a Yorkshire trotting conversation 
 which we had with a noted Market Weighton character: "Ourauld 
 black horse was first horse we had our auld bay mare was dam of her 
 as bred Merrylegs, and all of them good 'uns. That first chestnut horse 
 we selt him to Catlin. That Howden Show week he trotted two miles 
 in 5 min. 20 sec. on York and Hull Road. That was bay boss as Duke 
 of Gordon got, as had the match he trots his first eight miles in 
 33 minutes. They said, ' he'll loss the match.' I says, ' he weant 
 touch him over shoolder, Bill.' Little Bill, they called him, rode black 
 mare the hundred miles in lih. 48 min. She had I3h. 15 min. to do 
 it in. She was only three that spring if we had only roped her in that 
 hundred miles we'd have brokken all Weighton. The bay horse I sold 
 to the Duke of Gordon was the worst horse to get up a hill he didn't 
 pull, he met the hill. I never tell noe man in England yet what the 
 Duke of Gordon gave me, and I never will. Creeper was mighty fast, 
 but an uneven tempered horse, nae style aboot him : T'auld mare was 
 tremendous fast ; some days beat owt in the world some days we 
 could mak' nowt of her. When she was 22 years old, she carried little 
 Bill 2 miles 200 yards in 5 min. 16 sees., with a flying start. I knew 
 when I went into the stable i't morning whether she meant trotting or 
 not. If she was in one of her tantrums she would rear up, and squat 
 on the ground. She had a way of whisking her tail round if she didn't 
 want to act. 
 
 " I once ploughed a yacre of ground with her, and then trotted 
 1 6 miles to Beverley races and back. T'auld bay meer come of a black 
 meer by Harrison's Sportsman, gitten with syke a horse as come of 
 Jerry Boughton little bit of fash down the legs, but go for yae summer 
 day after another. They lived like racehorses there never were noe mair 
 syke. We had Merrylegs, and good job if we'd never had him. We 
 selt him for 6307. to Squire Dennison. Black Fireaway he was half- 
 bredblack and blood. Old Pretender, a black, he was very bloodlike 
 I doubt if there was a better fine legs and short fetlocks. He got 
 Performer, a dark brown ; and Merrylegs, a dark chestnut, was gitten 
 with Performer. He had a queer white mark on foot that all the Per- 
 formers had. It was white round the coronet, and down the front of 
 the hoof. Merrylegs was about the last, and got bad ones. They tried 
 to cross the blood, and stronger animals didn't do. 
 
 "The Norfolk Phenomenon did no great good. Philip Ramsden 
 and Kirby bought them. There was a Fireaway and a Shales. The 
 Prickwillows were rum'uns to trot. I've seen such goes from Hull to 
 
 Hayton. The fellows used to pull up, ' , /'// have nee mair of you 
 
 you tome from Market Weighton.'' 
 
250 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 clay to sand, and has grown all produce, from white 
 wheat to chicory. The pleasant little town of Pock- 
 lington had just been making merry with a flower- 
 show, and a banner flapped lazily in its honour from 
 the old church tower. We paused at Teresa Cottage, 
 where Neville the racehorse was foaled, and Dalton 
 the greyhound was buried, and then set our face 
 steadily towards Givendale, on the Wolds. It lies 
 about four miles away, on the high road to Malton. 
 Everingham Park, where Tom Hodgson's old black 
 horse of Holderness and Quorn fame lies buried, was 
 deep in woods on our right. The country was once 
 all open from Warter Wood to Mount Farrow, and 
 for sixteen or seventeen miles there was no shelter for 
 a travelling fox. Everything is changed now, and old 
 Singleton, the celebrated jockey and grandsire of the 
 brothers John and James, would look in vain for the 
 springy turf, along which he could canter his horses 
 gently for miles up the valley, before they put on the 
 sweaters at Thixendale. 
 
 '* The sylvan slopes with corn-clad fields 
 Are hung, as if with golden shields, 
 Bright trophies of the sun ;" 
 
 and both plains and wolds seemed white unto the 
 harvest. A band of women on Grimthorpe were 
 picking a crop of teasels, which are sown after bare 
 fallow or green crop, and require at least two years 
 to come to perfection, for the Leeds cloth-makers. 
 Owsethorpe is the last farm on the road before we 
 leave the level and climb the wolds ; and our com- 
 panions did not fail to tell us how a Lincolnshire man 
 had moralized over Cousin Bet and her foal, which 
 were " gnawing the pasture," and advised bullocks in 
 their stead, and how the laugh was against him after 
 Doncaster. 
 
 But the eyebrow of the hill is reached at last, and 
 we find ourselves on a sort of table-land, with a lake, 
 
Visit to Givendate. 251 
 
 on which a widowed swan is sailing, in the glen below, 
 hard by a little church. A turn to the left brings us 
 to the hamlet of Givendale, which lies among snug 
 gardens and garths, on a great natural platform over- 
 looking the Vale of York and its distant Minster 
 towers. Mr. Singleton's holding comprises 640 acres, 
 all on the wold, and belonging to his mother and 
 himself. It lies from 500 to 800 feet above the sea 
 level, and on the range of the chalk hills, which extend 
 to Langton Wold, and straight across the East Riding 
 to Filey. Oats, barley, and turnips all flourish well, 
 but mangolds are rarely tried. The Lincolns do nicely 
 enough in Holderness, but they fail on the chalk of 
 the wolds, which is not strong enough feeding for 
 them. There is no mistaking Mr. Singleton's home- 
 stead. To the left is the letting yard, where Mr. 
 Boulton's voice is heard in the land as each first Wed- 
 nesday after the 2Oth of August comes round, and the 
 Leicester rams, and red and red-flecked shorthorns, 
 headed by old Graceful, in the home garth make 
 assurance doubly sure. We thought of poor John 
 Thompson of Anlaby, and his remark on his last visit, 
 " That's the right sort of flesh," as that wealthy troop 
 of Lady Waterloos, Miss Waterloos, Ruths, and 
 Floras, with their wondrous family likeness and 
 "warm Christmas colours," grazed right up to the 
 garden rails. Thousands have been thrown away on 
 scores of pedigreed herds, and no such really solid 
 and useful result has been attained.* 
 
 * Their owner was entered to Shorthorns, like many other good men, 
 at the Kirklevington sale in '50, where he bought Waterloo 4th by 
 Cleveland Lad (3407), in calf to Third Duke of Oxford. The produce 
 was Lady Waterloo, which she supplemented with Miss Waterloo by 
 Surplice (10,901). Lady Waterloo bred in her turn Lady Waterloo 
 2nd, which broke its neck as a calf, and Lady Waterloo 3rd, both of 
 them by Mr. Wiley's George (12,941). Lady Waterloo 4th and Count 
 Waterloo were her calves by Mr. Sanday's Ferdinand (12,871) a Royal 
 H. C. at Lincoln, and a loo-guinea purchase by auction but her finest 
 calf, both in point of substance, size, and hair, was Lady Waterloo 6th, 
 
252 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 After these home studies, we had quite an excur- 
 sion among the ewes a wide, short-legged lot, full of 
 Buckley and Sir Tatton's blood and the drinking- 
 ponds, which are made much after the Sledmere 
 fashion. There were some Masham sheep lacking 
 the horns, seventeen Galloway heifers with Bride- 
 groom (23,453) as their esquire, and a very neat filly 
 foal by The Cure from a Cawston mare, and one of 
 the last he ever got. With these " musings by the 
 way," we reached the far gallop in the plantations. It 
 has been a time-honoured axiom that for every ten 
 acres of wold one should be planted for shelter. The 
 belief has obtained to the full at Givendale, where the 
 
 by her own son Count Waterloo another fact for those who wont hear 
 of in-and-in breeding. The latter unfortunately bred nothing but bulls. 
 v esta's dam was bought about this time, in calf of Bullion (15,706), 
 who nicked well with Lady Waterloo 3rd in Lord of Waterloo, whose 
 hocks went from long confinement during a snowstorm, when there was 
 some idea of "going on with him" for shows. Bullion had two crosses 
 of Booth blood in him, and Patriot from Jacinthe by Leonidas (10,414) (a 
 purchase as a cow at the Panton sale) two or three more crosses. From 
 the very first, Mr. Singleton joined in with neither of the "great Herd- 
 Book factions." He once stood upon four tribes the Waterloos ; the 
 Floras, from Watson of Wauldby's ; the Ruths, from Emmerson's of 
 Eryholme ; and the Medoras, which go back, through the Rev. Thos. 
 Gator's Hecuba and Mr. Fawkes's Fair Maid of Athens, to Booth's 
 Medora. He rears his bull-calves for sale, and shows very little, and 
 has, in fact, only come out five times at the Yorkshire, but always been 
 placed or thereabouts Alice was highly commended in the calf class, 
 which Booth's Queen of the Isles headed at York in '57, and was sold 
 after winning at Driffield to Mr. Emmerson for 70 guineas. Prince Tom 
 of the Flora tribe earned the same honour that day behind Lord of the 
 Valley and Great Mogul. Miss Waterloo 4th separated Second Queen 
 of May and Rosedale, and took the second prize ; Mirth was second to 
 a cow of Mr. Radcliffe's of Brandsby when Pride of Southwicke was dis- 
 qualified ; and Fourth Squire of Waterloo was third yearling at Be- 
 verley. Mirth was by Ferdinand, dam by Surplice, grandam Doris by 
 Belshazzar (1703). She "died well" at Liverpool in '64, after winning 
 the io/. prize in her class, and the special cup as the best beast in the 
 fat yard. The whole of the Waterloo females have since been sold at a 
 high price to Mr. Cheney, and replaced by cows from Mr. Angus 01 
 Broomley. 
 
 Mr. Singleton began with Leicesters in 1844, by hiring a ram from 
 Sir Tatton, and was pretty constant in his visits to the old baronet at 
 
Sir Tatton Sykes. 253 
 
 firs have been planted with no sparing hand, and a 
 training gallop of nearly two miles cut through them. 
 It was used for some years after the old man's death 
 by the present Mr. John Singleton and his father ; 
 but the ruts have become deep, and no work is done, 
 and " no questions asked" there now. From thence 
 the transition was easy to Etty's favourite walk twice 
 a day by the church. For many years this great 
 Yorkshire painter spent much of his summer here, 
 under the roof of Mr. Singleton's father. No spot 
 pleased him so well, when he could escape from his 
 easel and the olive-tinted haze of London. " I often 
 in fancy," he wrote, " fly away to Givendale, as the 
 
 the Eddlethorpe lettings, where he once gave 6o| guineas, after a sharp 
 contest with Mr. John Simpson. In 1845 he went to Mr. Wiley for 
 the first time, and for fourteen years never missed drawing on his 
 beloved "union of Buckley and Burgess, with a dash of Stone." He 
 has also visited the last-named breeder at Barrow on his own account. 
 His first Sanday essay was in 1854, with a two-shear, which took a first 
 prize in Mr. Sanday's hands at the Royal Carlisle Show, and in one of 
 his many hirings from Holmpierrepont, he took the shearling which Mr. 
 Cresswell bought at the sale. Mr. Edwards, of Market Weighton's 
 draft ewes of Sledmere-Burgess blood, started him in 1840, and he con- 
 tinued to get a few each year through a friend. In 1854 he bought ten 
 ewe and a ram from Mr. Buckley, and as many more at Mr. Hewitt's 
 second sale, in the same year, and half a dozen at Mr. Sanday's first sale 
 in 1860. He generally lambs about 180, and lets from 50 to 60 tups. 
 This year and last they averaged about io/., but none of them have 
 quite touched the Sanday and Wiley Tibthorpe, who was let to Mr. 
 Stavely of Tibthorpe for 37/. los. as a two-shear, and for 3o/. lew. the 
 next year. Firm mutton, thick wool, and purity of blood have been all 
 Mr. Singleton's aim, and, unlike many flock-masters on the Wolds, he 
 never would have a dash of Lincoln. His first public auction was in 
 1855, and his customers are almost entirely Yorkshire men, and include 
 six or seven ram-breeders. " Sim" Templeman is a regular customer 
 and he is pretty generally brought in for a speech when " The Turf" is 
 drunk with all the honours, as is only fitting in a Yorkshire congress. 
 In 1867, Commander-in- Chief, so called after the celebrated Warlaby 
 bull, stood at the head of the list, and there was no mistaking, when 
 you glanced at his fleece, "the reason why" Mr. George Lane Fox's 
 agent had given 28/. 5^. for him. Young Commander- in- Chief was 
 hired by Sir Tatton Sykes in 1869 for 4i/. The best shearling at 
 that letting made 35/. IOT., and the best two-shear 37/. IQJ., for 
 Ireland. 
 
254 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 most rural and quietest country retreat I know, like 
 the bird that flees to the hill to be at rest." He 
 would saunter for hours down that glen to his wonted 
 bench beneath the elm near the cottages. There he 
 would sit and sketch, as his fancy took him, the elm, 
 ash, larch, beech, willow, elderberry, or Lombardy 
 poplar in Pit's planting, or Beck's, just across the 
 little brook. His walk seldom extended beyond a 
 mile, to the common below Riding's Plantation, which 
 Lord Middleton's know so well. He mourned over 
 the pulling down of the old church a very favourite 
 subject, as he did whenever any ancient houses were 
 cleared away in York, and he lost another bit of 
 colour in the tiles. Sometimes he would gather 
 flowers to copy indoors after tea, which, with all the 
 eccentricity of genius, he would insist upon making 
 for himself, putting cold water in to preserve the 
 aroma. There are many proud family relics of the 
 past in that parlour the silver cup with " Success to 
 Fox-hunting" on it, the goldsmith's racing cups in 
 their quaint leather cases, and the goblet with horses' 
 heads for handles which the Marquis of Rockingham 
 gave his jockey Singleton for his riding of Bay Malton 
 and among them, Etty's painting of a pheasant, and 
 some equally vigorous heads, will always be ranked as 
 a memento of a very happy friendship, which only 
 ended with his life. 
 
 A cry went forth some years since, that Langton 
 Wold was doomed, and that Whitewall and the other 
 training stables would shortly be desolate. Old 
 Maltonians might well say that the site of their 
 pleasant little town might be ploughed over and sown 
 with salt, if their four trainers were to be thus driven 
 into exile. Things at one time seemed gloomy 
 enough ; but happily a compromise was effected. 
 The racecourse, over which the Brothers Scott tried 
 many a winner, is now in turnips or white crops ; the 
 little stand is transmuted into a farm building, and 
 
Mr. Bowes and his Trainer. 255 
 
 420 acres have been taken at one slice out of the Wold. 
 Still there is a large portion left, a sort of mixture ol 
 hill and valley, with abundance of thorn trees and 
 Leicester sheep. The tan gallop is laid out in the 
 most intricate fashion, along the bottom of the valley, 
 in order to eke out distance ; but when some critical 
 curves have been slipped round, there is a long strid- 
 ing reach up-hill of fully a mile. The fanning man, 
 who harrows over the tan every morning, had just 
 unyoked his horses when we arrived, and the White- 
 wall lot were to be seen quietly walking over the brow 
 of the hill, with Jem Perren on his bay pony in 
 attendance. Mr. Scott soon arrived in his fly, which 
 the old grey, that Doncaster knows well, draws no 
 longer. 
 
 Not long before this Mr. Bowes was by his trainer's 
 side on two successive mornings, and the veteran may 
 well be proud, in these petty days of chop and change, 
 to think that he has now trained for that " approved 
 good master" for nearly forty seasons, and that they 
 have never had the shadow of a misunderstanding. 
 Four Derbies, a couple of Two Thousands, and one 
 St. Leger, with Mundig, Meteor, Cotherstone, Daniel 
 O'Rourke, and West Australian, have formed but a 
 small portion of their spoils, and yet Isaac Walker, 
 the Streatlam Castle stud-groom, has seldom arrived 
 each September with more than four yearlings " for 
 school." Mr. Bowes very rarely goes to a race, and 
 we believe that Fordham, who has so often worn his 
 black and gold of late years, does not even know him 
 by sight. 
 
 Before work begins another fly drives up, and a 
 well-favoured " special commissioner," in a grey coat 
 and crush hat, steps forth on to the sward, and goes 
 to pay his respects to Mr. Scott. He is here en route 
 from Middleham, where Pretender has had his best 
 attention, and he brings a glowing account of the 
 chances of "Johnny" and the blue and silver braid. 
 
256 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 There is but doubtful news of Martyrdom, and Pero 
 Gomez is mentioned with as much respect as if he 
 were Mr. Peabody himself. The other spectators are 
 few. The three " Jacks," Robson, Holmes, Charlton, 
 whom we have seen on this spot so often, are all in 
 their graves, and now that he has no Blair Athol in 
 hand, Mr. I'Anson does not even spare an hour from 
 his farming. It hardly seems like the Saturday before 
 the St. Leger. Yorkshire is busy among her partridges 
 and her sheaves, and cannot compass the idea that 
 even John Scott, great as his triumphs have been, can 
 descend on the cracks, and wrest his seventeenth St. 
 Leger from them with a dark and an untried horse. 
 As a general thing, they have more belief round 
 Malton in George Osbaldeston, but still there are 
 plenty to shake their heads, and ask if the Belshazzar 
 and Barbatus blood is the thing to bring a horse home 
 in a St. Leger. 
 
 " George " has a small party of his own to look on, 
 and three " literary touts," two of them regularly 
 attached to the London sporting papers, note him 
 and the rest of the lots as they do their work. Re- 
 ports from training quarters have now become a sort 
 of necessity, and as long as these writers keep their 
 distance, and do not tamper with the boys, trainers 
 and owners do not resent their presence. In fact, 
 many of them rather like the reports, as they can 
 hear what horses are doing elsewhere, and thus know 
 better what they are likely to meet. There was a 
 time, " long, long ago," when there were only two 
 touts at Newmarket the portly York, who could 
 pull down eighteen stone on the scales, and a little 
 ex-jockey called Garratt. The latter wore a smock 
 when he was professionally engaged that is to say, 
 when he " roamed through the dew ;" and when Lord 
 Foley once dropped across him before a trial, lying 
 as snug as a hare behind a roller on the Heath, 
 and asked him who he was, he promptly replied, that 
 
Schooling on the Tan. 257 
 
 he was "a shepherd." "Are you, indeed ?" rejoined his 
 lordship ; " I don't think you look after your flock much." 
 But a truce to these Scottiana. As ten o'clock 
 approaches the schooling on the tan begins in earnest. 
 Shepherd's, Peck's, and a couple of FAnson's come 
 striding along by twos and threes, and then Perren 
 takes the Whitewall lot into the bottom. The Spy, 
 with his plainish head and long legs, is not out, and 
 Viscount is also taking it easy at home. Goldsboro' 
 is reported coughing ; and Westwick, that good-look- 
 ing half-brother to West Australian, has never run 
 since the Alexandra Plate of last year. Nobleman 
 goes merrily through his work, and Toison d'Or toils 
 away with a fair chance of Park Hill honours before 
 her eyes. Old War, the King of the Slows, seems 
 very much fined down, and in great heart, as if he 
 knew that the wet which he loves so well has de- 
 scended on the three Ridings in earnest at last. Five or 
 six more, Silver Band, Tarna, Viscountess, &c. flash past 
 in succession, and Mr. Scott calls out of his brougham 
 to a lad to " keep your hands down." Then the 
 straight-backed Taraban is seen creeping up the hill 
 with his head well down, and H. Robertson in the 
 saddle. The pretty little Royal Oak, a lighter chest- 
 nut with a white face and white on the off fore foot, 
 comes " fighting," hard held by Grimshaw, and look- 
 ing as if he were ready at any moment to 'go up and 
 settle him. There was a time when Taraban was 
 obliged to " liquor up " before every great race. 
 Whisky did not stay long with him, and he infinitely 
 preferred old port of a good vintage, but he is said 
 now to be quite a reformed character, and no horse 
 can play the schoolmaster more patiently. The funny 
 man of the piece is a Malton publican on a roan racing 
 pony. She has been winning at Margate in the early 
 part of the week, but she is back again at her old 
 quarters, looking as hard as nails. Still her owner is 
 anxious to put on a little more "polish," and he rattles 
 
 S 
 
258 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 up the tan twice or thrice in the course of the morn- 
 ing, going like great guns, with his coat tails flying in 
 the breeze. After their first gallop the Whitewall 
 team walked across the top of the Wold, and when 
 Mr. Scott has followed and had them on parade for 
 some twenty minutes, they are sent up the gallop 
 again. Taraban takes his pupil three times up it, and 
 then the morning's work is ended. All looked serene, 
 and in our mind's-eye we saw the chestnut running 
 home fourth or fifth ; but the morning brought bron- 
 chitis, and his leg began to fill, and the Johnsonian 
 pen went through his name. 
 
 Blair Athol, the last St. Leger winner that was 
 prepared on the Wold, was " a perfect glutton," and 
 Mr. I'Anson says of him, that he did more work in 
 the three weeks between York and Doncaster, and 
 ate more corn than Lanercost, Vestment, or Inheritor, 
 who once seemed almost invincible in this respect. 
 His first Malton trial was at even weights with Borea- 
 lis, after she had run in the Cambridgeshire Stakes, 
 and he beat her by two lengths. Mr. I'Anson then 
 asked him to give her /Ibs., but he rather ran out at 
 the turn, and Challoner on the mare beat him by a 
 head. Ten weeks before the Derby he was found to 
 be very much injured in the muscles of the thigh, and 
 his boy was discharged, and it was fully five weeks ere 
 he was allowed to go out of a walk. At Paris he ran 
 big, as it was impossible to gallop him, and yet, then 
 sore as he was with the hard ground, he came back 
 across the Channel to Ascot, and cut down Ely on 
 the Friday over the New Mile. He was not intended 
 for York, as, in consequence of his shoe coming off 
 half as he walked and half in the Rubbing House, he 
 had missed a sweat. Borealis and Caller Ou gene- 
 rally led him in his work, and a hard time they had 
 of it. Mr. I'Anson never knew how good he was, 
 and thinks that he never had a horse with such true 
 action, as even in distress he never rolled or rocked. 
 
259 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 A trainer on a lonely hill 
 
 Will do a deed of mystery, 
 And 'scribes' will several columns fill, 
 
 With that trial and all its history. 
 The trainer will be all surprise 
 
 At the facts they have collected, 
 And the owner when they meet his eyes 
 
 Will be equally affected." 
 
 Sporting Life. 
 
 word on Knavesmire Sir William Milner The Hunting Tragedy 
 on the Ure Drax Abbey Warping Harrogate Yorkshire Stock 
 and Hound Show at Wetherby Captain Gunter's Herd Farnley 
 
 AMID the whirl and rattle of the present turf times, 
 when the secrets of a man's stable are pro- 
 claimed on the house-top almost before he knows them 
 himself, and touts send off telegrams far and wide the 
 instant a trial is won, it is a treat to hear a Yorkshire 
 elder have his say. Once set him going, with the full 
 consciousness that he has a sympathetic listener, and 
 he soon pierces into the bowels of the past, and re- 
 counts each loved recollection of " the horse and his 
 rider." He will tell you how a great jockey " got 
 into money," and rather let the cat out of the bag by 
 offering a rooo/. note instead of a ioo/. one in change 
 to the horse's owner on settling day ; how Bob Rids- 
 dale, who began as body footman to Lady Lambton, 
 made 3O,ooo/. only to lose every halfpenny of it again 
 in the ring ; of Colonel Cradock saying to Sam Chif- 
 ney in amazement as they gazed on the saddle con- 
 tortions of little Johnny Gray at a finish, " Is he 
 pricking, Sam, or is he pulling?" of a noble duke only 
 giving his jockey " a pony," when he had won the 
 
 S 2 
 
260 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Oaks, and thinking he had done the correct thing ; ol 
 Old Forth having his weighing beam in two rooms, so 
 that his jockeys might not see what weight they 
 carried in a trial ; of Lord Suffield and his confede- 
 rate taking their Bamboo revenge with Newlight to 
 the tune of I2,ooo/. on Lord George Bentinck, when 
 his lordship managed the green and gold interest 
 for Mr. Houldsworth, and had such a fancy for 
 Destiny ; and of Bill Scott making the judge and 
 jury laugh when he was a witness about the " three 
 clean, Bank of England notes, clean notes for IOOO/. 
 each, my lord," which he got for his horse Sir Tatton 
 Sykes. 
 
 We have always had a great fondness for Orton's 
 Turf Annals of York and Doncaster. We remember 
 the poor fellow before he fell, no one exactly knew 
 why, under the ban of Lord George who always left 
 his mark on a man as keeper of the match-box, and 
 clerk of the course at York, as well as judge there, and 
 at Preston Guild, and several other northern meetings. 
 He was also, the " Alfred Highflyer" of the Sporting 
 Magazine, a third of a century ago, and his descrip- 
 tions of York and Catterick Bridge Meetings had a 
 freshness and an interest, we shall never know again. 
 In his introduction to his work he does not fail to do 
 justice to the horse-loving tendencies of each county 
 family. As the Dutchmen of Communipaw, men 
 fabled to have sprung from oysters, and each clad in 
 ten pair of linsey wolsey breeches, marched to a blood- 
 less battle under the banner of an oyster recumbent 
 upon a sea green field, so, according to our historian, 
 the Darleys of Aldby should have a Childers, and the 
 Huttons of Marske an Eclipse on their family quar- 
 terings, as having imported the Arab, or reared the 
 sire to which the renowned bay and chestnut owe their 
 descent. 
 
 One of the very finest races ever run at York was 
 that Subscription Purse in which Actseon, with Harry 
 
A Word on Knavesmire. 261 
 
 Edwards up, defeated Memnon and Sam Chifney at 
 York, and a painting of the finish, by Herring, hung in 
 the dining-room at Hawkhead. We have looked over 
 many hundreds of Mr. Herring's portfolio horse 
 sketches, and we still think Actaeon the most beauti- 
 ful. The chestnut's great peculiarity was that he 
 would never leave his horses. He once had a race 
 with Florismart, at York, when the latter broke down 
 at the Bishopthorpe turn. Clift scrambled along as 
 he could to the finish, and Actseon stuck resolutely to 
 him in a slow trot, and it was all his jockey could do 
 by clapping and encouraging him to get him to win 
 by a neck. In the great race for the Purse, Harry 
 Edwards made his effort, about a hundred yards 
 from home, and got a neck in front, but the chestnut 
 put his toes into the ground and " retracted" so ter- 
 ribly in the last three strides, that when Sam Chifney 
 " collected" Memnon and came with one of his rushes, 
 victory was only cut out of the chestnut by a head. 
 Edwards struck him three times, and, as they say, 
 " with a will." 
 
 The race in which Newminster was defeated by 
 Calculator, was the most sensational we ever witnessed 
 at York,* but we have heard that it was nothing to 
 the scene when The Miner seemed suddenly to start 
 
 * Weights, which began at a thumping twelve stone early in the 
 eighteenth century at York, gradually slid down to Qst. in 1751. By 
 1756 the 8st. 7lbs., which held its own for a century, had appeared at 
 Doncaster ; and in 1 760 the York Subscription Purses were at 8st. 3lbs. 
 Six years later, matches at four miles were made at 7st. ; and, in 1786, 
 three-year-olds were carrying 5st. 7lbs. and a feather. Of course, in 
 Give and Take Plates the weights had been very low for many years 
 before that, and were even calculated by ounces. They had been given 
 up and quite forgotten until some clerk of the course or other, in 1839, 
 introduced one into Scotland, without having duly mastered the proper 
 distance between the fore and hind feet when the horse is measured. 
 Accordingly, the old stone was disinterred from one of the York rub- 
 bing houses ; and it was ascertained that 5ft. was the distance, and that 
 2ft. was allowed between each of the hind as well as the fore feet. 
 Under the system, horses of thirteen hands carried 7st., and 1402. were 
 
262 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 up at Blair Athol's side, and beat him. It was on 
 Knavesmire also that we remember poor Bill Scott 
 having his last mount, a second on Snowball to Alfred 
 Day on Tuscan. It is only twenty-two years ago, 
 and yet seven out of the nine jockeys who rode in 
 that race are dead. 
 
 In his way there were few more genuine Yorkshire 
 lovers of racing than the late Sir William Milner. We 
 seem to see him still, with his tall, light figure, his 
 aquiline nose, his rather lank, black hair, and his glass 
 in his eye, following a winner out of the York enclo- 
 sure to have another peep at him before he was 
 sheeted up, or on the pavement (or rather the horse- 
 block) at the Salutation, getting a good " oversight" 
 of a yearling, which old Mr. Tattersall or his son were 
 knocking down. Lord Strathmore was just coming 
 into notice then, and a good-looking young fellow 
 he was, with that curious way of toeing the ground 
 in his walk, and that off-hand devil-me-care toss of the 
 head, as he seized the passing hour, and little thought 
 that Sweetmeat would beget Saccharometer to his 
 sorrow. 
 
 Racing was in the Milner family, as turf chronicles 
 knew well, and gradually came out in the Oxonian. 
 " Mr. Milner" was christened after him. He had a few 
 race-horses in his time, along with the Aske string, of 
 which Grapeshot was much the best though he re- 
 
 put on for every eighth of an inch ; so that horses of fourteen hands 
 carried 9st., and of fifteen hands, list. 
 
 Two-year-old racing had its origin in a match between Mr. Hutchin- 
 son the genius of Langton Wold in his day, as well as the breeder of 
 Hambletonian and trainer of Beningborough and a Rev. Mr. Good- 
 ricke. In 1799 the first race of the kind was run at York, and won by 
 Mr. Robinson's Belle Fillie, the first favourite, Allspice, running last ; 
 and in the following year Lord Darlington won the maiden race of the 
 kind at Doncaster with the first of his two Muley Molochs. It was not 
 until eleven years later that Oiseau, by running away, at weights for 
 age over a mile and a half at Doncaster, from a four-year-old and a five- 
 year-old St. Leger winner, proved what good two-year-olds really can 
 do in the autumn. 
 
Hunting Casiialties. 26 
 
 quired a fortune in whalebone. Sir William followed 
 the Voltigeur fortunes like a man, and then, without 
 telling the stable, laid heavily against Lightfoot (whom 
 Bobby Hill believed to be a clinker) for the next 
 year's Derby. Most probably Voltigeur was quite out 
 of form, or else Lightfoot would never have won the 
 trial as he did.* However, it seemed high enough to 
 put Sir William in a sad pucker how to shape his 
 course and get out ; but Chester showed the horse 
 eventually in his real colours. As a politician, Sir 
 William promised well, and took a good part in the 
 conferences of the Orange party, to whom an Upper 
 Room at Normanton was gen erally the Woburn Abbey. 
 York had in him a painstaking member, and he quite 
 astonished Mr. Leeman by the verve with which he 
 spoke on one occasion ; but his health began gra- 
 dually to fail from that point. 
 It has been well said that 
 
 " The image of a man who died 
 
 In his heyday of renown, 
 Has a fearful power, unto which the pride 
 Of fiery life bows down." 
 
 England has had many such lessons. London re- 
 members yet the painful thrill when Lord Cantelupe 
 lay dead in the very height of the season. Lord 
 George Bentinck was found in his father's flood 
 meadow, with the hoar-frost of an autumn morning 
 on that finely-cut face, which had been so often 
 turned defiantly on his foes in the House. The 
 Duke of Dorset, one of the best sportsmen of his day, 
 died jumping a small fence with his harriers ; and the 
 Marquis of Waterford, who had come off scatheless 
 among the " oxers" of Northamptonshire and the 
 doubles of the Vale, met his doom at a little stone 
 wall into a road. Death is more fearful when it is 
 
 11 Scott and Sebright," pp. 206-209 
 
264 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 in direct contrast with pleasure, and the little ferry 
 on the Ure will be remembered, so long as that river 
 rolls its dark waters from the moors to the Ouse, as 
 the scene of the most fearful tragedy in hunting 
 history. 
 
 Yorkshire could hardly believe the sad tidings. 
 The cathedral city was in the very height of her 
 hunting term. There were visitors in plenty, and the 
 Club was full of the doings of Sir Charles on Saltfish 
 or Rosamond, and of news of good sport with Mr. 
 Hall and the Holderness. Four familiar faces were 
 suddenly lacking, and three of them were the very 
 life-blood of the hunt master, crack rider, and first 
 whip. The meet on that fatal day (February 4th) 
 was Stainley, upwards of twenty miles from York, 
 but accessible by rail, and a special train was run on 
 the occasion. Sir Charles soon found a fox, which 
 took them straight for Newby Park, where it crossed 
 the river. He had found, as he thought, the same fox 
 twice before that season, and it had baffled him by 
 the same trick. It was no doubt this double beating 
 which made him rather more keen and less sensible 
 of his danger than usual, for both he and Mr. Lloyd 
 and Mr. Robinson were generally timid and careful 
 in a boat, though hard, and fearless riders as could be 
 across country.* " Bill" or rather -Powter, the first 
 
 * The boat was managed by a cog-wheel, which takes hold of a chain 
 stretched across the river, and it is worked over by hand. This chain, 
 which is of some weight, lies in ordinary times on the bottom of the 
 river, and is picked up by the boat as it goes along ; but when the river 
 is full of water the weight of the chain is off the ground and upon the 
 boat. It is usual in a fresh (i.e. when the water is very high, but 
 within its bounds) to cast the chain adrift, and ferry the boat over in the 
 usual manner, but n this occasion the plan was not resorted to. The 
 chain is on the down-stream side, and the weight of it naturally keeps 
 that side of the boat a little down in the water, and therefore when any 
 extra weight, like a horse, is added on that side, the up-stream side of 
 the boat rises, and the stream rushing down underneath it, sends it right 
 over on the chain side. So it happened on this sad day. 
 
 There was a scrimmage and an " exchange" or two among the horses, 
 
The Hunting Tragedy on the Ure. 265 
 
 whip, (for whom an equally sad fate was in store), 
 went round by Borough Bridge and stopped the 
 hounds, which lost their fox in the Newby covers, 
 and he had the sad mission of taking home the news 
 to Mrs. Orveys. 
 
 Sir Charles, Mr. Lloyd, and Mr. Robinson were 
 
 and Sir Charles's " Saltfish," an old and a very good one, jumped out, 
 and getting entangled fast in the chain, added to the weight on that side 
 of the boat, and upset it. Sir Charles had, we believe, his reins twisted 
 round his wrist. At first he struck out for the boat, and when he saw 
 it go over, he swam away and was within a stroke or two of the oppo- 
 site shore, where there was no one to fling him the end of a hunting- 
 whip, when he threw up his arms and went down. It is thought that 
 he took the cramp, as his legs were very much drawn up. This is not 
 improbable, as he was somewhat heated with a fast run. Mr. Lloyd 
 must at first have been under the boat with the rest of the men and 
 horses. He was the champion swimmer of his day at Eton, and he 
 struck out manfully for the nearest shore, but the weight of his boots 
 and hunting clothes in the rapid stream was too much for him. Captain 
 Robert Vyner and Mr. William Ingleby jumped in and got hold of him, 
 and for some time sustained him, but he was a very heavy man, and 
 soon overpowered them. In his last extremity he never lost his pre- 
 sence of mind. There was a total abnegation of self ; he did as they 
 directed him, putting his hands on their shoulders, and when he found 
 they were exhausted, he calmly removed them, like th noble fellow 
 that he was, rather than imperil their lives as well as his own. No 
 three men could have behaved more gallantly. 
 
 Of Mr. Robinson no one seems to know anything for certain, as he 
 disappeared almost immediately. His usual custom was never to get off 
 his horse in a boat, but whether he was off or on that morning no one 
 seems to remember. Some say he was, some say he was not. One 
 man states that he saw him rise in the water on his horse ; but this 
 looks like a mistake, for if he had been mounted in the boat, he and his 
 horse must have parted company when the boat upset sideways. 
 Orveys, the huntsman, can never have made an effort to swim, as he 
 was found next day with his hunting-whip still tightly clutched in his 
 hand. Thus he died as he lived, true to his duty. The poor ferrymen, 
 two good and valued servants, were no doubt struck by the horses, ren- 
 dered insensible, and sank at once. Of the others in the boat, Mr. 
 Clare Vyner was the first to come up, and scramble on to the boat, 
 which was then bottom upwards, and he assisted first Mr. White, then 
 Sir G. Wombwell, then Captain Molyneux and Major Mussinden on to 
 the same place. Captain Molyneux, R.N., was a good swimmer, and 
 reached the shore, as did Captain Key, who, seeing the water coming 
 into the boat, jumped out at once before she went over, and went back 
 along the chain. 
 
266 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the very cream of the hunt, and it is a remarkable 
 thing that they were the only three regular atten- 
 dants of it who habitually wore caps. Orveys of course 
 wore one. Sir Charles had shown rare sport when 
 all the packs round, with the exception of the Hol- 
 derness, had been doing very little. He was only 
 forty-five that year of fruition as it is called, when 
 the harvest of a man's experience is gathered in and 
 ever since '38 he had been at the head of either 
 harriers or foxhounds. His lady pack, among which 
 were prize ones of the Nelson and Comedy litter, was 
 about perfection at all points, cover drawing, nose, 
 and speed. For talent, and certainly for perseverance 
 no gentleman huntsman, and probably no professional 
 huntsman could have beaten him. Perhaps he was a 
 little too silent in cover and chopped foxes occasion- 
 ally that way. He did so on his very last morning, 
 but the fox was so fast asleep, that, to use his own 
 words, " I had to crack my whip twice over htm to 
 wake him." His casts were most extraordinary ; 
 when his hounds threw up, he never dwelt very long 
 on the spot, but would lay hold of them and cast half 
 a mile forward or back with almost invariable success. 
 The number of foxes (50 brace) accounted for in little 
 over four months, in a country which does not do 
 much cub-hunting, fully attest his prowess. He was 
 the nicest fellow in the field, never by any chance 
 losing his temper or saying a nasty word to any one. 
 The consequence was, that his field, though com- 
 prising an immense number of hard-riding men, was 
 perhaps the best behaved in England, and so many 
 strangers have allowed. If men got into a wrong 
 place (and no one saw it quicker than he did) he 
 would never say anything, but they were wont to say 
 in all verity, that they felt more rebuked by his quiet 
 look and his silence than if a master had been swearing 
 at them all day. In fact, no one more truly united 
 the charming companion and finished sportsman, and 
 
The Hunting Tragedy on the Ure. 267 
 
 he also rode some fine winning finishes on Eggsauce, 
 &c., over York and Thirsk. One of his ancestors 
 was drowned in the Nidd, and another forfeited his 
 head in the Royalist cause. He disliked politics 
 (although he did not care to be on the losing side in 
 Knaresborough) ; but during the Epsom and Ascot 
 weeks, when he had his very brief season in London, 
 the Carlton Club was his great resort. Still he did 
 not care much for London, and his great enjoyment 
 lay in natural history and general country pursuits. 
 
 Mr. Lloyd was also as genial a man as ever lived, 
 but he had the misfortune to be deaf. This made it 
 rather difficult to talk with him, but he was full of 
 fun, and never out of humour. He was a very fine 
 rider for a heavy man, and a most enthusiastic fox- 
 hunter, never missing a day by any chance except 
 for shooting. All through his last winter, although 
 he lived four miles away, he was in York for the 
 seven o'clock train on a Thursday, when the hounds 
 (and nearly always the lady pack) met on the side of 
 the country where the accident took place. 
 
 Mr. Robinson was quite a character. It is a big 
 word to say, but many thought him the finest rider 
 to hounds in England. The Rev. John Bovver, who 
 had perhaps not a peer in his day (Earl Jersey's was 
 over) except it might be Lord Clanricarde, was the 
 man from whom, he was proud to say, he learnt all he 
 knew in the saddle, and, like that great Holderness 
 hero, on all kinds of horses. He took them as they 
 came, and he was one of the cleverest judges of them 
 in Yorkshire. He seemed to know every horse in it, 
 its powers and its failings. No one ever saw him in 
 difficulties, but always the first man in a run ; no 
 matter what cut-me-down stranger (of which the York 
 and Ainsty sees a great many during the season) 
 might arrive, they never got any change out of him. 
 Unlike most fine riders, he had not a particle of 
 jealousy, but if he thought that he knew the way 
 
268 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 through a cover better, or had any advantage, he 
 would look round for a pal to give him the office and 
 share it. Not a few profited by his kindness in this 
 way. He was the most good natured fellow in the 
 world, the first to assist any one in difficulties, and he 
 would get off his horse and wade through dirt to put 
 a curb-chain right, or adjust any tackle that was out 
 of place. Nay more, he had always a second horse 
 out, and if a friend's nag was dead beat and his own 
 was still fresh, he was quite ready to lend. The hunt 
 might well be proud of their crack rider. Many will 
 sadly remember how, when a few seasons since, he 
 was borne away from the field with a broken leg on a 
 hurdle, he raised himself on his elbow and cheered the 
 pack as they crossed the road in full cry before him. 
 Three such men could hardly be found in a hunt, and 
 yet they are all taken at one stroke. It may be said, 
 as a testimony to the sterling worth of those who 
 are gone, that in a country where a good deal of that 
 sort of thing prevails, they never belonged to any of 
 the cliques ; they were free and independent members 
 of the hunt ; their example prevented the field from 
 being cut up into factions, and made a day with the 
 York and Ainsty one of cheery, social enjoyment. 
 Mr. Robinson's Brunow, which ra.n in the French 
 Derby, was a very remarkable one ; and he went so 
 lame, off and on, that he was given to a farmer friend 
 near York, who put him in the harrows. Here he 
 kicked so violently and injured himself so much, that 
 if the stable had not been nearer than the kennels, he 
 would have been led off to the latter. He was sent 
 back, and became so sound that Mr. Robinson rode 
 him all his last season, and he fetched 280 guineas at 
 the sale. Mr. Robinson had nine hunters up latterly, 
 and among them The Arrow and Traveller, a vicious 
 horse in the stable. 
 
 Orveys was a ripe, good servant, and quite a right 
 arm to his master, as first whip and kennel huntsman. 
 
Drax Abbey. 269 
 
 He once suffered a good deal with rheumatism in 
 " the round bone," but he had latterly hit on a won- 
 derful cure for it, and no man was more thankful for 
 the hint. His hounds which went to Scriven Park 
 in the summer were always brought out in prime 
 condition. The way he would get them out of cover 
 to Sir Charles was perfectly marvellous. He was a 
 bold rider, and as hard as pinwire, and had excellent 
 nerves for a man of his age, nearly sixty. Added to 
 this, he had a deal of quiet fun, which was heightened 
 by a squeaky voice, and a most pleasant twinkle of 
 the eye. He married the house-maid at Scriven Park 
 for his second wife about five years before his death, 
 and Sir Charles's way of repeating the annual report 
 made to him from the kennels, of u another whip, Sir 
 Charles, last night," was very droll. Like Mr. Robin- 
 son and Mr. Lloyd, he seems to have died quite easily, 
 as his features were calm and unchanged. When his 
 body was taken out of the river, the searchers leant 
 it against the trunk of a tree in order to let the water 
 flow away. As this fine old servant stood there a 
 few minutes, with his hunting-whip still in his hand, 
 those who saw him said they could hardly persuade 
 themselves that he was not still alive. 
 
 Drax Abbey was granted by Henry VIII. to the 
 Constables of Everingham for their valour at Flodden 
 Field, and Lord Herries sold it in 1849 to Colonel or 
 " Hamlet" Thompson. The Abbey is gone, but the 
 old sites still live in name. A chestnut pony and a 
 few shorthorn calves were ruminating on the herbage 
 of Ave Maria Lane, and wandering at intervals down 
 Paternoster Row. The Abbey Oak, out of which 
 many an old fox has been flogged, when the Bramham 
 Moor or the Badsworth drew the neutral cover of Bar- 
 low Hag, had still some sap in its branches, and a 
 coffin lid, a bracket, or a boss-stone half hid among 
 lobelias and fuchsias in season are now the sole anti- 
 quities. 
 
2 70 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 A view from the Abbey garth that morning was 
 full of seafaring and country life. The ashes were 
 just beginning to change in Barlow Hag, which made 
 up a dark green-and-yellow background for the Daisies 
 and the red Captain Shaftoes. Across the embank- 
 ment of the sluggish Ouse, where the eel-catchers are 
 ever bobbing, the tall spire of Hemingbrough stands 
 out against the sky, and we note the progress of a 
 barge, as it runs slowly up with the tide towards 
 Selby. A billy- boy, which turns out on further in- 
 spection to be the " Elizabeth and Anne," is busy, not 
 bringing gravel from Spurn Point this tide, but de- 
 livering its tons of linseed-cake from Hull, while 
 carts keep steadily arriving with their loads at the 
 potato " pies," which are being gradually built up on 
 the river side, ready for shipment to London. Two 
 troops of English and Irish females in every guise, 
 from sun hats to guano-bag skirts, take their allotted 
 furrows (which have been turned-up by a plough 
 without the coulter), working so jealousy against each 
 other, and so ready to raise the Sassenach and the 
 " St. George to the rescue" war cries, on the smallest 
 provocation, that we secretly admire the bailiff for 
 keeping resolutely, pitchfork in hand, between them. 
 
 A reedy swamp, half under water, with snipes 
 skimming about it, showed the raw material from 
 which that preserve of Flukes and Princes had been 
 formed. It is only at the changes of the moon 
 that the sluice watcher can report that the fertilizing 
 muddy swell, full of clay, sand, and vegetable matter, 
 has come at last, and, with a ripple sometimes nearly 
 four feet high, has 
 
 " like an eagre rode 
 In triumph o'er the tide." 
 
 In rivers like the Thames, the Severn, and the Mersey, 
 the force of the stream prevents the tide from rolling 
 the warp back. The sluggishness of its current, and 
 
Warping. 271 
 
 the width of its estuary, make the Humber the only 
 warping river in England, and thus the deposit which 
 the Trent and the Ouse leave at its mouth are not 
 carried out to sea, but can warp the lands for sixty 
 miles along its banks. It has been stated, but of 
 course, equally stoutly disputed, that the fertilizing 
 sediment is composed of the concussion of the fresh 
 water with the salt water animalcules, and that death 
 thus contributes that life to plants on which insects in 
 their turn take such a terrible revenge. It requires a 
 very strong current to keep up a proper specie; of 
 alligation between the sand and clay ; and the con- 
 stant alteration of sluices and inlets, in order to make 
 the warping level, quite rises into the dignity of a 
 science, and is as difficult a problem as can be set in 
 hydrostatics. Certain places can with prosperous tides 
 acquire four or five feet of warp in three years, and 
 years after, when the ground is examined, each tide is 
 found to have left the record of its presence in a layer 
 of about the thickness of a sixpence. A block of 
 such formation is a veritable " black-letter volume," 
 of which every leaf betokens a day or night of silent 
 and solitary toil. Coltsfoot, willow weed, and docks 
 infest the warp the first year, and the feathered and 
 the Whittlesea Mere weed have gradually given place 
 to " the American," whose roots can strike five yards 
 deep. Four feet under-draining at 10 yards apart, 
 with if -inch pipes joined with anti-sand collars, was 
 Mr. Henry Smith's next process, and the plough was 
 taken over it as soon as it could bear horses, and 
 then it was sown with oats and red clover. The latter 
 was mown for fodder, and the newly-warped land has 
 been known to require the scythe three times in a 
 season.* 
 
 * The Drax Abbey herd began with Daisy, a cow by Northumber- 
 land (466), dam by son of Twin Brother to Ben, and Mr. Smith always 
 hired bulls from Warlaby. From Daisy there came in succession Daisy 
 
272 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 It is quite a " popular error," that a Yorkshireman 
 cares about no live stock save horses. " Give her the 
 glory of going on, and still to be," from Tennyson's 
 " Wages," would certainly suggest to him an epitaph 
 for a mare that could stay a distance, and his only 
 doubt would be about adding " there or thereabouts" 
 to his author, but still sheep, pigs, and shorthorns 
 have a strong grip of his affections. The agricultural 
 year always seems to lack one of its pleasantest 
 elements if we have missed the Yorkshire meeting. 
 Some linger in the county six weeks from its date, 
 and what with Doncaster, York, and Ripon races, 
 visits to herds, racing-stables, studs, agricultural shows, 
 foal shows, and ram lettings, a gentle St. Leger ex- 
 citement, more especially if John Scott has a favourite, 
 as in "the brave days of old," with a dash of H ar- 
 rogate and Scarborough thrown in for flavour, those 
 pilgrims may well call their sojourn the very " sweet 
 o' the year." 
 
 Leeds looked more dreary than ever, as we passed 
 
 7th, the "best cow or heifer" in the yard at Birmingham in 1858. 
 Five years after Mr. Smith took the gold medal at Smithfield, but with 
 a cow bred by his brother Mr. William Smith, of West Razen. The 
 purchase of Captain Shaftoe (6833) at one of his brother's sales for 
 40 guineas was a great hit, and the sole drawback about him was his 
 aversion not to a red but to a black coat, a whim which nearly proved 
 fatal to Mr. Parkinson at the Leyfields sale. " The Captain" had then 
 seen twelve summers and he left seventeen heifer calves behind him. 
 One of their daughters, Helen from Annie, was sold to Mr. Majori- 
 banks at ten months for 80 guineas, and proved the sire of Harkaway, 
 the first Royal prize bull-calf at Canterbury. The meadows were full 
 of reds, or rich red roans, whose compact frames, level tops, and good 
 deep middles, told of the gay little Captain's handiwork, which Booth's 
 Bridesman (12,493), War Eagle, The Monk, and Prince of Warlaby 
 followed up. 
 
 The name and pedigree of each shorthorn was hung above it in the 
 byre, a process the necessity of which was enforced on Mr. Smith by 
 finding that an Irish herdsman in his absence had become puzzled, and 
 had not only given a wrong and a most tremendously high pedigree to 
 an intending purchaser, but maintained that "Sure, sir, and I was 
 right to put in the best word I could for the puir beast," 
 
ft arrogate. 273 
 
 ft on our way to Wetherby, and we esteemed the 
 vicar happy who had just escaped from it, mitre in 
 hand, to the green orchard alleys of Herefordshire. 
 On we go, past the meadow where the Royal en- 
 camped in '6 1. It was there that the Wetherby 
 Duchesses, with Duchess 77th at their head, won a 
 treble victory and retired on their laurels, that young 
 Nutbourne vanquished old Sir John Barleycorn, as 
 teetotallers never did, that Adam Bede and Overplus 
 were dons in the hunter classes, and that Wainman's 
 Silverhair was such a dainty queen among sows. 
 
 We hardly know Harrogate again, and try in vain 
 to recognise the traces of what it was, when we first 
 saw it in '34, or Touchstone's year. " Old Johnny's 
 Well," or the strong chalybeate, has received the 
 cupola from the Old Sulphur Well ; the Tewit, or 
 Iron-water Well, is roofed in at last ; the Tewit, or 
 Iron-water Well on the Moor, seems unchanged ; and 
 the cupola of the Old Sulphur Well, whose waters 
 savour of the scourings of a gun-barrel, has been re- 
 placed by one thrice as large. It was the practice in 
 those days of expensive travelling to meet the fashions 
 half-way, and therefore the moment the London 
 season closed the Bond-street dealers detached a fore- 
 man, with a large amount of unsold goods in a van, to 
 spread his nets in High Harrogate, before the 
 " mothers and daughters" of the North. To some 
 extent they do so still, but the things do not find such 
 favour, now that the metropolis can be reached by 
 rail. The Dragon, the Granby, and the Crown were, 
 at the time we are noting, the only great hotels, and 
 the peerage, the " M.P.'s," and the Lancashire visitors, 
 were supposed to be their patrons respectively. Ad- 
 mission to the Dragon's balls was the object of count- 
 less hopes and fears. It seemed to be for the summer 
 months a very Almacks of Yorkshire. We have heard 
 a Crown president speaking as mysteriously of his 
 diplomacy in a ball-room " difficulty" between the 
 
 T 
 
2 74 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 inns, as if he had been negotiating a triple alliance. 
 Being president was esteemed such an honour that, as 
 it went by seniority, one eccentric man was said 
 to arrive in March, and possess his soul in patience 
 and the solitude of the big room for months, in order 
 that he might be in office all the season round. 
 Bachelors gathered round him in plenty, quite 
 
 " ready to take their stand 
 Upon a widow's jointure land," 
 
 if a likely chance turned up. 
 
 The Queen's holds the lead now, and in the warm 
 twilight the company linger on the garden terrace, and 
 peer through the panes at the dancers within ; and 
 give little biographies of each of them. By day it is 
 the old story, Knaresborough Dripping Well, Foun- 
 tains Abbey, Plumpton, Hackfall, &c., and Brimham 
 Rocks, where Bill Scott, the winner of four Derbies, 
 three Oaks, and nine St. Legers, once rode in a donkey 
 carriage in state, with two donkey boys as outriders. 
 It needs some excitement to keep the casual visitor 
 in spirits on a dull summer's evening, and we sought 
 for it in vain before the sun went down. There was 
 not a soul in the room at the old Sulphur Spa. Those 
 who were not at dinner had gone to hear the band 
 play at a shilling a head to non-subscribers, in Mont- 
 pelier Gardens, or to attend the readings of Mr. 
 Bellew. Punch and Judy occupied the green in front 
 of the White Hart, and had many gray-haired sages 
 in their audience ; and if you did gaze carefully into 
 the windows of the front shops, you only withdrew 
 perplexed as to which was really " the last photo ever 
 taken" of a local physician recently deceased, and 
 which he had most honoured with his approbation. 
 
 Early next morning there was quite an agricultural 
 gathering on the railway platform for Wetherby. It 
 is a very small place, but its National Steeple-chase 
 ground, which Jacob Faithful, Israelite, and Em- 
 peror II., knew well, is, according to many, " the best 
 
The Yorkshire Show. 275 
 
 in Britain, bar none." The town bade its visitors 
 welcome with a few flags and a flower arch, but every- 
 thing seemed very quiet, and the fear of sunstrokes 
 kept some thousands away. Half-a-hundred goats of 
 many colours formed an army of occupation at the 
 bridge end. One word was enough to set off the 
 loquacious Irishman who led them, and he soon priced 
 us a kid at seven-and-sixpence, and a nanny, equal to 
 a fabulous number of quarts per day, " Cheap, yer 
 honner, at twenty-five." There was not the wonted 
 waterfall to drown his chaffer, as the Wharfe had col- 
 lapsed into a bed of shingle, and the whole stream 
 might have gone through an eight-inch pipe. Two 
 men and a woman, the usual company, were singing 
 the song of " The Greet Agricultural Show" as we 
 crossed the bridge, and rousing the local spirit by 
 stating that its author is " a young ^z^-chanic in 
 Wetherby." It was really an old halfpenny friend, 
 and not with a new face either, but simply the well- 
 known blanks, to be filled up by fact or fancy. 
 Micklethwaite is the township over the bridge. It has 
 evidently no church, as the overseer's list of men 
 claiming to vote is hung at an inn door. There are 
 only three claimants, and it is signed, " W. Burley y 
 Overseer" Some one, with a sad lack of reverence, 
 has drawn a fancy portrait of " ye overseer"- close by 
 his signature, in a Spanish hat and beard, and put 
 " W. B." beneath it, so that all men may know. 
 
 Captain Gunter's farm is on the opposite side of the 
 road to this work of art, and his herdsman, Taylor, 
 looks over the wall with rather a sorrowful face. He 
 remembers the days when he took Mr. Eastwood's 
 white bull, Hero, to the Worcester Royal, and brought 
 home the first prize ribbons. Hence he is pugnacious 
 in the highest sense of the word, but the Captain has 
 retired from the show lists. Taylor's regrets are not 
 lessened as the day proceeds. Two of the judges visit 
 his " American heifer," and tell him that the 
 
 T2 x<\B*ARy-^ 
 
 or TH' 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 or 
 
2 76 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Wharfedale Rose, which has been sold at loo/., to go 
 along with her, would have won to a certainty if she 
 had been entered. The pangs which he suffers in 
 consequence must be untold. Mr. Cochrane's pair 
 have a levee in their barn all day, and devotees go 
 wandering off through the hot haze into the park to 
 gaze on Duchess 86th, 8/th, 88th, and Qist, as well as 
 Mild Eyes and her daughter Bright Eyes, and a very 
 fine Waterloo heifer.* 
 
 * When we first saw the herd in '59, not long after its removal from 
 Earl's Court, we began with the earliest purchase Duchess 67th, and 
 her daughter 72nd, the first calf that Captain Gunter ever bred. Her 
 next daughter the white 75th was third in the array, and the handsomest 
 of the three, and then came "the twins" 78th and 79th which ran 
 such a splendid career in the show yard. We see the little roan and 
 white through the mist of years once more struggling with the herd 
 boys, and thought the roan rather nicer in her coat, but the white 
 neater, and in after years the bench hardly knew which to take. Having 
 thus exhausted the fruits of the first Tortworth bid, Duchess 7<Dth bore 
 her witness to the second with her calves 73rd and 77th, and we look 
 back to our comment that "the former had more substance and the 
 latter more elegance of the twain," and that she was the best, but no 
 one dare predict such a future for her. She rose the Royal ranks step 
 by step, third as a yearling at Warwick, second at Canterbury, and 
 first at Leeds. Duchess 6gth had only calved that morning, and though 
 we could not rouse her after the labours of the day, we could judge of 
 her fine scale and enjoy the gentle grandeur of the head, which had 
 been specially modelled for Mr. Brandreth Gibbs's testimonial. Sixth 
 Duke of Oxford was waiting outside to receive us ; he was a perfect 
 Esau at his birth, and there could be no doubt whence his stock derived 
 their rich hair. 
 
 ["A period of nine years must be supposed to elapse," as the play- 
 bills have it.] 
 
 The old cows were in the bottom of the park, and took a good deal 
 of finding in the heat. There was the roan Duchess 86th, with the old- 
 fashioned wide-spreading horn ; the 87th, of a lighter roan and with a 
 rare loin ; the white 88th, which had been amiss ; and gist, one of the 
 same colour and rare substance. The twins and the 77th had died or 
 been slaughtered, and 96th and 94th were in the home field, and Taylor 
 tells us how once they thought 94th the best, and that the former is the 
 >nly Duchess which lacks the Usurer cross. The numbers looth, 99th, 
 98th, and 97th once roamed together in the home pasture unbroken, 
 but Mr. Cochrane had taken his choice and borne off the last to 
 Canada at 1,000 guineas. She is from 92nd, a daughter of 84th, "which 
 broke down on us as a calf for Leeds." Her once constant companion 
 
Captain Gunter's Herd. 277 
 
 The Grange Park was placed by Captain Gunter 
 entirely at the disposal of the Yorkshire Society. It 
 was once the property of " Kit Wilson," the Father of 
 the Turf, who owned Comus, the blind chestnut, which 
 did such good to Sledmere in the days of the first Sir 
 Tatton. The whole of the arrangements, thanks to 
 Mr. Parringtori, to whom the general improvement as 
 regards the accommodation of horses in the show- 
 yards of England may primarily be said to be due, 
 
 98th from 88th was a white with roan ears, and Taylor again calls 
 to mind how she was "once held like a kitten to the teat." Writers 
 who have to encounter there night-mare numbers may well be among 
 those 
 
 " Who dread to speak of '98, 
 Who tremble at the name." 
 
 The wished-for looth was reached at last in the shape of a red roan, 
 but a two-days-old roan, half-sister to " the American lady, " was the 
 latest arrival, and Duchess iO3rd had been the Captain's private herd 
 book entry. Fourth Duke of Thorndale was the monarch of the yard, 
 and Grand Duchess 8th, from Penrhyn Castle was there to share his 
 smiles. Mild Eyes 3rd (by 4th Duke of Thorndale from Mild Eyes) 
 and a heifer by 5th Duke of Wharfedale from " the Waterloo heifer," 
 have since then arrived ; and Duchess 84th has lost the red Duchess 
 iO4th. It was jumping about its box when two months old, and burst 
 a blood-vessel in the heart. Duchess 94th has had twins a bull and 
 a red heifer, the latter taking rank as Duchess io5th. Third Duke of 
 Wharfedale (sire of Mr. Cochrane's heifer) from Duchess 86th now 
 reigns at Wetherby (after two seasons at Penrhyn), vice Fourth Duke 
 of Thorndale, who was found dead in his box last spring ; and 2nd 
 Duke of Wetherby from Duchess 77th, and 2nd Duke of Claro from 
 Duchess 79th are both let. The 3rd Duke of Wetherby by 4th Duke of 
 Thorndale from Duchess 82nd is coming on for home use. The 2nd 
 Duke of Collingham, Duke of Tregunter (a name taken from an old 
 family estate in Wales), 3rd Duke of Claro, 5th Duke of Wharfedale, 
 and 2nd Duke of Tregunter, have all been sold to English purchasers 
 for 500 guineas each. 
 
 During the cattle plague Captain Gunter's farm was in a deeply in- 
 fected parish, and cattle were dying or being slaughtered almost daily, 
 close up to the park gates, for months. Chloride of lime was used 
 liberally, but the Captain's main reliance was on the .very strictest 
 observance of the isolation principle. The Duchesses and the rest of 
 the cattle were divided into several lots of two each, and placed in 
 small sheds all over the six hundred acre occupation ; the yards attached 
 to these sheds were netted round the bottom, so as to keep out dogs, 
 
278 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 were admirable, down to the cloak-room, with cloak- 
 pegs innumerable, and " the jewel-room," where a 
 silversmith sets his wares in array, and fits up winners 
 with cups. The police bivouack thirty strong, in the 
 same " Wood Street." They have plenty of night 
 work, as the men; more especially the grooms, get 
 very drunk, and make night hideous with their hulla- 
 baloo. They cannot sleep for the heat, and therefore 
 they will, to use their own phrase, " still be lapping," 
 which means that they are always at the canteen for 
 soda-water, or something a little stronger. Under its 
 influence they run foot races with nothing on but their 
 shirts, and it is daylight before those gentlemen in 
 white finish their revels and return to their straw 
 wisps. There are some quaint characters among the 
 grooms. One of them was attacked last year by five 
 men in a garden at Scarborough. " If it had been 
 nobbut one or two, I could have warmed him," was 
 his version of the combat, " but five's owre mony ; so 
 I just put my hand in my pocket, and kep shifting 
 till somebody came. I let 'em just batter away at my 
 head ; I can stan' a deal of rough wark that way, if I 
 nobbut hod to the brass." 
 
 But we have to deal with day, and not with night 
 scenes ; and we first make our way, in obedience to 
 old instincts, to the shorthorn ring. Three good 
 judges are inside it Jamie Douglas, who once could 
 beat on " the grand tour" the heifers of the three 
 kingdoms with his Rose of Summer and his Second 
 Queen of Trumps ; Charles Howard, of Oxford Down 
 
 hares, rabbits, and other "travellers." The herdsman and his assis- 
 tants never went near any other cattle or person engaged about cattle on 
 any pretence whatever ; and if the Captain had been out hunting, or 
 anywhere else in the country, he never entered the sheds until he had 
 changed his clothes. Second Duke of Wharfedale was slaughtered 
 after a slight accident, rather than run the risk of bringing a veterinary 
 surgeon to attend upon him ; and when the butcher came for fat sheep 
 they were driven out of the field for him while he waited with his dog 
 on the roa4, 
 
The Yorkshire Show. 279 
 
 fame, who won his first Royal prize at Leeds with 
 one of twin bulls ; and Stephenson, of Fourstones, a 
 " well kent" man on the border. There is quite an 
 excited buzz of conversation, as Booth's roan bull, 
 Commander-in-Chief, has just been led out of the 
 ring with only the second prize ribbons, while Knight 
 of Knowlrnere, who was second to him at Leicester, 
 takes the first. The decision falls upon the shorthorn 
 men like a rocket upon the Life Guards of King 
 Theodore, and they know not what to make of it. It 
 goes round that Jamie " shot him down" the moment 
 the roan entered the ring, and went stoutly for the 
 white. You hear the decision hotly discussed, not 
 only at the ring side, but by lovers of shorthorns of 
 both sexes, who sit hard by on inverted pails and 
 bundles o f hay. 
 
 If Mr. Booth loses with Commander-in-Chief, there 
 is balm in Gilead with Lady Fragrant, a sweet cow 
 with a " picture head," as they phrase it, and his two 
 heifers, Lady Gaiety and Patricia, head the yearling 
 class. Neither of the pair had a chance with Lady 
 Fragrant for the Female Winner's Cup, and one walk 
 round the ring decides that Mr. Foljambe's bull-calf, 
 Knight of the Crescent, beats Knight of Knowlmere 
 and all his seniors when the males are on their trial. 
 The proud little red is hardJy in the ring an instant, and 
 Veni, vidi y vici is the word to-day. The last decision 
 is in the Extra Stock Classes, where a three-year-old 
 shorthorn ox has nothing to meet but Zelica, a little 
 half Brahmin cow. The first ribbons are handed to 
 the leader of the latter by mistake, but Mr. Charles 
 Howard dashes forward, with quite a melodramatic 
 start, and rescues them from such profanation. 
 
 Mr. Borton has it all his own way in Leicesters. For 
 more than twenty years he has held his place as the 
 Yorkshire champion, and true to the county nomen 
 clature, Blair Athol is his great ram. Southdowns 
 do not take in Yorkshire, and as there was no entry, 
 
2 : o Saddle and Sir lain. 
 
 the Society saved their 55/. Lincolns and Cot?wo!ds 
 came, and among the latter " Mr. Tombs's big sheep," 
 but the Ridings have no solid resting-place for the 
 sole of their feet. They have used the former on the 
 Wolds, but they did not thrive, and one Leicester 
 patriarch had a flying sarcasm at their expense, that 
 if three came in a cart, and all stood with their heads 
 on one side, they would infallibly upset it. The sheep 
 rival to the half Brahmin was one from the coasts of 
 Galilee, with a tail of I2lbs. weight, and described on 
 its card as " a combination of fat and marrow. 
 
 Duckering, Sagar, Dyson, Eden, and all the fami- 
 liar names are to be found among the pig-winners, 
 but the judges complain of a lack of hair. It is 
 a more popular part of the show than the sheep, 
 but still it is at the horse-ring that the most earnest 
 gazers are found. Mr. Burbidge, " Jack Skip- 
 worth," and Mr. Garfit from Cheshire, make up the 
 bench. The blood sires come in first, and for the 
 third year in succession the big-boned Angelus takes 
 the first rosette. He is the property of Sir George 
 Cholmley, the oldest horse breeder in Yorkshire, and 
 from a Nutwith dam of Lord Exeter's, which was pur- 
 chased as a draft-mare at Doncaster. King Brian is 
 second, and the neat, compact Wyndham, from Raw- 
 cliffe paddocks, to whom not a few, who remember 
 how he " came to the rescue " in his racing days, hold 
 most tenaciously, gets no mention among the ten. 
 Among the coachers we look in vain for the old Cleve- 
 land bays, such as Howdenshire loved, and w r hich once 
 drew the heavy family chariot at six miles an hour. 
 They have been gradually crossed up with blood sires, 
 so that if any foal from a Cleveland mare falls smarter 
 than usual, the breeder can cut its tail, and call it a 
 hunter. In fact, a horse which a few years since was 
 almost the champion of the hunting classes all over 
 England, began his show life in a class for young coach 
 horses. The winner on this day looked as if he had 
 
The Yorkshire Shaw. 281 
 
 an extra cross of blood in him, and won easily enough. 
 Two blacks, sire and son, the latter rejoicing in the 
 name of Sir Edwin Landseer, headed the roadster 
 class. There was only three years between them, and 
 the sire had lost an eye, but still the six-year-old was 
 fairly beaten. Trotting sires' conductors are generally 
 " a set of wild Indiains,"* and show their horses" paces 
 with remarkably jealous zest. They trot them with a 
 long rein, and use words in an almost unknown tongue, 
 and they will watch half a market-day for a rival, 
 whose owner has been ** bouncing ** in his advertise- 
 ment, so as to lay their horse alongside of his pet, 
 when he is giving him a sly trot, and thus make him 
 eat or prove his words. Each medal recording a fresh 
 victory is attached to a conquerors neck collar, and 
 one horse which came to Wetherby, and " took no- 
 thing by his motion,"" wore a breeching of medals as 
 well, and looked more like a charger of the middle 
 ages than a trotter of the nineteenth century. 
 
 The young hunters had not many among them 
 which would ** pass the college." One class was so 
 afflicted with curbs and bog spavins, that when at 
 last three were left in, it was proposed to set them 
 aside, and go on with the next class, while Professor 
 Spooner decided which was least unsound. One of 
 the judges said, with quite an injured air, "I like one 
 of the five we've put aside best, but then his bog 
 spavins aren't of a size." Sir George Cholmley and 
 his chestnuts have a rare time of it, and Bob Brignall, 
 the "first cross-country jock" to the stable, shows 
 them capitally in " black waistcoats and pants." Many 
 look at the grand chestnut three-year-old Don Juan, 
 and talk of cups in store. The riders are a study of 
 themselves. One of them wears a black and yellow 
 jockey cap, and is saluted with, "Near, Fordham* 
 wakeherup!* as he tears round on his pony. An- 
 other in a grey cap looks so stolid over it, and sits so 
 artistically (in his own eyes), that the judges cannot 
 
282 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 resist sending him a strong gallop three times round 
 for the pure enjoyment of the thing. He is so dread- 
 fully in earnest during the performance, that he does 
 not see them laughing, and his look of disgust when 
 he is put among the knock-outs at its conclusion, is 
 like the mien of the warror in the song, at once " stern 
 and high." Bob Mulcaster is a great artiste both with 
 the leading rein and in the saddle, and there is quite a 
 buzz of delight when he leads out old Crafty, " the 
 heroine of a hundred fights," as the local papers 
 delight to call her, and sends her along with her thin 
 tail extended, like the old beauty that she is. We 
 have seen fat men of eighteen stone strip to their work 
 in obedience to the call all round the ring : " Now, 
 Franky, man, it's thy turn. Thodse a bit too fat for't 
 job. Now, mettle up ! " And away went Franky, top 
 heavy, and " bad on thy pins" only to receive the 
 consolation " thoo maks a varra poor tew of it" There 
 was a man of Mr. George Holmes's who had the knee 
 in curb-chain action to such perfection, that he could 
 teach his master's horses to be steppers. He did it in 
 the ring with a face as calm as if he were carved from 
 stone, while the laughter rung as it did in the Adelphi 
 when Wright's voice was heard at the right or left 
 wing. The boys made quite a Sir Roger de Coverley 
 gallop of it on their ponies, before their ponies were 
 settled ; and a grey trotted in such style, that a hunt- 
 ing baronet declared that at last he had found the 
 cover hack he had been seeking all his life. 
 
 The hunters from three year old and upwards 
 are, after all, the cream of the thing. Lady Derwent, 
 the queen of the season, had a long contest with Bor- 
 derer and another, and once more the white rosette 
 was pinned on to her bridle. She is a beautiful mare 
 with a dish head, which she owes to her sire Codring- 
 ton, a son of Womersley, whom Sir Tatton Skyes had 
 for a season. He had given her so much quality that 
 scarcely any one suspected that she had only one cross 
 
The Yorkshire Hound Show. 283 
 
 of blood in her. Sprig of Shillelah, Iris, Mountain Dew, 
 and Cavendish, two bays, and two dark browns are in 
 the ring nearly three-quarters of an hour before the 
 judges can make up their minds. At last the battle 
 waxed hot between Mountain Dew and Iris, and the 
 saddles were ordered off. Then they were re-saddled, 
 and the judges mounted them for some scenes in the 
 circus, and iris, a horse of tremendous power, and the 
 one upon which Mr. Thomson is painted by Sir 
 Francis Grant, gained the day. The hunter first prize 
 winners are put together for the cup, and Lady Der- 
 went has no chance with Iris, who seems to gallop 
 everything down, and is ridden specially by the head 
 groom, John Pye, who " sends him out " to perfection. 
 Mr. Thomson looks on at the side of the rails, and 
 adjourns in due time to the Jewel House, to take his 
 choice of* a cup. 
 
 The hound show was held in a .quiet spot in the 
 park, just under the chain of woodlands which flank 
 the grange. " The Bramham Moor and two-and- 
 twenty couple " is the hunting toast in these parts, 
 and their name is one of the thirteen above the 
 hound cages. Sixteen or seventeen huntsmen and 
 whips from England and Scotland are there in scarlet, 
 awaiting their turn to bring their lots on to the flags. 
 Only one wears a cap, and hats and "pudding basons" 
 are all the go. There was an old Yorkshire huntsman, 
 Will Carter, who never could be pursuaded into any- 
 thing but a felt wideawake even in the field, and 
 placed a horn under the same ban. " Hard-riding 
 Ben " from Lord Middleton's is there, but we miss old 
 Tom Sebright, who fought many a good round with 
 him at Redcar, Yarm, and Guisborough, in those plea- 
 sant summer days when the Cleveland Society held 
 the lead, and gave such an impetus to agricultural 
 meetings. John Walker, Harry Ayris, Charles Payne, 
 Jack Goddard, Jack Morgan, and other celebrities do 
 not show ; but Peter Collisson, a worthy successor to 
 
284 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Joe Maiden over Cheshire, looks on from the stand 
 benches. Old Will Danby is the patriarch of the day, 
 and wears his 75 summers as lightly as a flower. 
 Will was at hunting for just fifty seasons, and then, 
 in his expressive words, " he lapped it up." He is 
 great in dates, and if you ask him the cause of his 
 vigorous old age, you hear that he has tasted nothing 
 stronger than raspberry vinegar for seven-and-forty 
 years. He " goes into less room" than he did, and in 
 his neat black coat and waistcoat, white cravat, and 
 drab breeches and gaiters, he looks his profession to 
 the life. " I can sleep like a man, and eat any mortal 
 thing," and " I never wore trousers in my life, and I 
 never will," is his general sketch of himself. In this 
 respect he differs from his successor in the York and 
 Ainsty, who comes to the fete in grey trousers, and 
 gets well joked about them, as he thrice walks up for 
 a prize. 
 
 Thirteen kennels contend, but the prizes fall to 
 the lot of four, and every county save Yorkshire and 
 Linconshire is out of it. Lord Kesteven may well 
 be in a high flow of spirits, and people may well 
 wonder how he has achieved in six seasons what 
 others cannot in a lifetime. There, too, on the front 
 bench sit a bevy of fox-hunting peers Hawke, 
 Macclesfield, Middleton, and Wenlock. Sir Charles 
 Slingsby watches the brilliant fortunes -of the Nelson 
 and Comedy litter, and Mr. Thomson of " the 
 Pitchley," as Mr. Bright once called it in the House, 
 to the inextinguishable merriment of the landed 
 interest, vibrates between the front benches and the 
 horse ring. Mr. Hall of the Holderness rides up with 
 a geranium in his button-hole, and " looking as hard 
 as stub nails," on Captain Gunter's grey Crimean 
 Arab, takes his part in the fun. The hunting-field 
 has no gamer or more battered hero, but he jests at 
 his scars ; and if his horse does roll over him and 
 squeeze the breath out, his first impulse, when the 
 
yNI 
 
 The Yorkshire Hound Show 
 
 lungs fill, is to ask to be helped on again. " John o' 
 the Bedale," and nearly every other Yorkshire master, 
 are on the back benches ; but we miss the form of Mr. 
 Foljambe, in his green coat, leaning on Mr. Parry of 
 the Puckeridge, and of Captain Percy Williams. Jack 
 Parker of the Sinnington, the very Zekiel Homespun 
 of huntsmen, is not there to tell of the feats of his 
 trencher-fed dogs ; and that Tommiad of fox-hunting 
 centaurs, Tom Smith, Tom Hodgson with his big 
 white hat and bigger white cravat and Tom Sebright, 
 are all in their graves. There are twenty-six couple 
 in the entered hound classes, and Lord Kesteven wins 
 them both. His lordship's have quality for ever ; 
 but they are too full of flesh. Still, with Foreman 
 and Primate to help in one class, and Artful, Rally, 
 and Stately in the other, they have it una voce. 
 Four of Stately's stock come with her, and one of 
 them, Seaman, who won at Thirsk the year before, is 
 among the winning lot. Yarborough Nelson a use- 
 ful, bony dog, but rather lacking fashion in his neck 
 and colour, and still holding the line as well as ever in 
 his ninth season wins the Stallion Hound Prize. 
 
 The rain, which has prophesied of itself through 
 divers thunderpeals, comes at last, rolling up the 
 valley of the Wharfe before we are half done ; and 
 the huntsmen cage themselves up with their hounds 
 till this happy harbinger of cub-hunting and drought- 
 deliverance passes briskly by. There is a tent spread 
 with dinner for the huntsmen when all is over, but 
 nothing can tempt old Will Danby under canvas ; 
 either he thinks that he will be required to make an 
 oration or to drink something, so he stoutly refuses to 
 enter, and marches about in front of the cages, with a 
 first- whip's wife, keeping the hounds in order. They 
 are quiet enough till the Tallyhos begin in the tent 
 after Mr. Fox's speech, and then they send up an 
 answering cheer. Some simple-minded visitors don't 
 understand these sounds. At York, we met two 
 
286 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 women running violently towards the spot from 
 whence they proceeded " Dearie me ! Mary Ann, 
 let's gan and see. Somebody's murdering somebody. 
 Come along, lass !" Jack Backhouse's speech has 
 accompaniments which may well make the fox cubs 
 tremble in their pads. The toast was the " Unsuc- 
 cessful Candidates," and Jack announces himself as 
 " Yorkshire Jack." First he tells how, when he and 
 his friend Ben Morgan are " ligging a long way fra 
 yam," they don't " lap it up," but they draw for a 
 second fox. Leaving the past, he dashes boldly into 
 the future ; and referring to the contests of the day, 
 he says, " I'll get a prize ye now I've been what they 
 call ' recommended.' "* It was a great speech. Mr. 
 Hall can hardly believe in such eloquence on the part 
 of Jack, when it reaches his ears later in the day, but 
 he asks a huntsman or two, and they are unanimous 
 in their testimony. The scarlets linger near the 
 hunters for the rest of the afternoon, but by the 
 morrow's morn they are far away. On Friday, the 
 sixpenny crowd are in at one o'clock, and by four, 
 man and beast are on the move homeward. Some 
 
 * No one knows that Jack was " recommended," as he states ; but 
 at Eeverley, in 1869. he fulfilled his prophecy, and took a 5/. prize and 
 a 2/. gratuity for being second in the dog puppy class with Leader. 
 The Bishop of Oxford, who was staying with Mr. Sykes, M.P., and 
 took his seat with his peers on the M. F. H. bench, could not resist the 
 beaming looks of his brother Yorkshiremen ; and the oration which 
 Jack delivered in honour of Leader, first holding him by the head and 
 then by the stern, when the dog tried to cut it, was one which the 
 eloquent prelate will not forget. Soon after this Jack was so struck 
 with the tie of one of his brother huntsmen, that he insisted that it 
 was starched and ironed on him, and wouldn't believe in "one effort" 
 " Nowt of the sort." Old Will Danby came over once more to the 
 county where he and Mr. Tom Hodgson performed such prodigies 
 among the foxes ; and when a photographer placed the huntsmen and 
 judges in a group, Mr. Tom Parrington took the modest old fellow by 
 the collar, and compelled him by "gentle violence" to come on to the 
 flags. Mr. Hall was reminding him of the Lammas Stream business 
 when Will got over on a I5/. grey, and he himself got "stabled between 
 banks" on a 4oo-guinea brown. 
 
Farnley Hall. 287 
 
 lead the foal and dam, or ride the stallions, with the 
 carpet-bag and sheets folded up in front of them. 
 The owner of Lady Derwent is of this mind. The 
 mare is in a white hood and sheet, and wears a collar 
 studded with pieces of round pasteboard on her neck, 
 each containing the printed record of a victory. He 
 rides her through Wetherby in state, and we leave 
 her standing in her groom's hands waiting to be 
 trucked, with a bunch of white ribbons flying from 
 her head, big enough for an army of brides. 
 
 " The Vale of the Wharfe is adorned with elegant 
 mansions, and the views obtained from neighbouring 
 elevations are at once noble and commanding." So 
 says a Yorkshire Directory, and so old Coates must 
 have thought from his heart, as laden with weighty 
 calf-records, and still weightier bull data, beginning 
 from Abelard, that descendant of " Booth's lame" 
 and " Booth's old white" bulls, he gained the top of 
 the wooden ridge of Sheven. Then patting his white 
 mare's neck, he descended on his winding road to the 
 homestead at Greenholme, which lay stretched, west- 
 ward of the litle market town of Otley, like a land of 
 shorthorn promise beneath. It was here that " The 
 Improved Durham Breed" found a home in those 
 dreary hopeless times which followed upon the Comet 
 mania and the war, when 30 guineas a season was a 
 great bull hire, and 80 guineas a marvellous purchase. 
 
 Mr. Whitaker never bated one jot of heart or hope, 
 and "the quiet afternoons at Greenholme" have 
 borne their rich fruit for shorthorn breeders at last. 
 Without his earnest aid, Coates would never have 
 ventured to bring out the first volume of the Herd- 
 Book in 1822, when nothing but " Corn and 
 Currency " was on every English tongue, and 
 agrarian outrage and hunger were raging across the 
 channel. It was "printed by W. Walker, at the 
 Wharf edale Stanhope Press, top of the market-place, 
 Otley ;" and a manuscript copy of it is still preserved, 
 
288 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 written out in Mr. Whitaker's own neat hand, and 
 with his red ink annotations, which now almost 
 need a microscope to decipher. It would seem as if 
 he had walked about for years with the images of 
 every great cow or bull firmly fixed in his retina. 
 Of Duchess First he merely says " fair ;" of Duchess 
 Second "droops;" while Hubback comes in among 
 other criticisms for "flank and twist wonderful, 
 shoulders rather upright' 1 Three-fourths of the 
 original list of subscribers have gone to their rest ; 
 and so too, within the last twelve years has the 
 patriarchal James Ward, R.A., who condescended to 
 draw Maria and Miranda on stone for the work, and 
 speculated on the coming fortunes of a certain young 
 self-taught mail-driver, Herring of Doncaster, who had 
 also borne a hand and sketched the heifer "Daffodil in 
 two positions." A few years later, Mr. Strafford, after- 
 wards editor of the Herd Book, then a mere lad of 15, 
 fresh from his school studies of the Durham Ox and 
 Coates's Driffield Cow, was sent over to paint Charles 
 (878) for the second volume, and like Culshaw, whose 
 boyish embassy to the same spot has still to be told, he 
 dates his chief Shorthorn impressions from that weary 
 journey, two-thirds on foot, and a third in the carrier's 
 cart. In 1844, after the death of Coates junior, he 
 took up the Herd Book with Volume 6th, and has 
 now brought it up to the i8th, besides revising and 
 reprinting the first five volumes of the series. No man 
 ever threw more energy into a great task, or made 
 such a succession of brilliant sale averages as he has 
 done for twenty years past. Tim Metcalfe, the herds- 
 man, was also a remarkable character in the Green- 
 holme drama. He " knew 'em when he saw 'em' as well 
 as any man, but as he never knew his alphabet, he 
 invariably clenched the matter with, " Give me t' pedi- 
 gree, and Fit tak it home t'it maister'' No wonder 
 then that the taste for Shorthorns should have 
 gradually spread along the Wharfe, and not only 
 
Farnley Hall. 289 
 
 brought new tenants to browse in the pastures of Farn- 
 ley, Broughton, and Denton Park, but tempted the 
 Duchess tribe to renew their strength in later years 
 near Wetherby.*' 
 
 Farnley Hall, which was originally built in the time 
 
 * Mr. Fawkes's career as a breeder of shorthorns may be said to 
 have begun in earnest with Mr. Whitaker's stock. His first purchase 
 was Norfolk (2377), a grand roan bull by Second Hubback, and then 
 such a favourite of Mr. Bates's, that he sent six heifers from Kirk- 
 levington expressly to be served by him. One of them was " my best 
 Duchess" 33rd, the great grandam of Grand Duke ; another, Blanche 
 by Belvedere, from whom Roan Duchess 2nd is in direct descent ; and 
 a third founded the Waterloos of Aylesby and Springfield fame. 
 Norfolk himself was from Nonpareil by Magnet, rather a gaudy cow, 
 from Mr. Barker of East Layton's sale, where Sir Charles Knightley 
 purchased Rosy and Primrose, which, along with Rufus and Little John 
 of Mr. Arbuthnot's breeding, virtually founded the Fawsley herd. In 
 1834, Mr. Whitaker bought Verbena (45 guineas) and the grand 
 Medora (40 guineas), both as heifer calves, at Mr. Richard Booth's 
 Studley sale, and bred nine calves from the latter. In the previous 
 year Mr. Whitaker sold off his herd, and again bought about three 
 dozen well bred cows, for the use of his work people at the Burley 
 mills. Mr. Fawkes was so much struck with the looks of some of 
 them, that he arranged with his neighbour to allow him to select 
 twenty for service principally by Norfolk. The compact was to be in 
 force for three years, and 10 guineas was to be paid for each of them, 
 doublets or not, at the expiration of a week, provided it was not a 
 black-nose, and had no symptoms of unsoundness. Hence, sixty were 
 transferred during that period from Greenholme to Farnley, and the 
 first ten bull-calves by Norfolk averaged 100 guineas each. The very 
 first bull-calf that was dropped received the title of Sir Thomas Fairfax, 
 (who won at the Bristol Royal, and twice at the Yorkshire Society) ; 
 and the Ohio Company offered 400 guineas for Norfolk in vain on that 
 trip, when, but for Mr. Whitaker's faint praise, they would have 
 carried off Duchess 34th in calf with the Duke of Northumberland. 
 However, they took away the Duke of York (1941) for 150 guineas, 
 who had been sold as a calf for 14 guineas at Mr. Whitaker's sale the 
 year before, and bought some lots at the Studley sale as well. When 
 he was rising four, 250 guineas was accepted for Sir Thomas Fairfax, 
 and he departed to Brawith, leaving eight-and-twenty " Fair"-named 
 calves behind. Old Fairy Tale long remained to testify to this beauti- 
 ful favourite, and she bravely supported his line with fourteen calves 
 since 1842. Medora had been helping meanwhile to carry on the 
 Norfolks, thrice from the old bull direct, and thrice from Sir Thomas 
 Fairfax, and when the three years' lease of Mr. Whitaker's cows had 
 expired, the Farnley herd mainly consisted of some thirty two-year-ol4 
 heifers. 
 
 U 
 
290 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 of Elizabeth, was added on to about a hundred years 
 ago, and stands on a rising ground, a mile and a half 
 to the north-east of Otley. The road winds up through 
 the well-wooded park, of a hundred and forty acres, 
 and so along an avenue thickly lined with laurels, 
 among which " the merry brown hares come leaping," 
 and the pheasants feed in troops, as if the crack of a 
 Manton was a sound unknown in Wharfedale. A road 
 to the right, just before we reach the quaint old iron 
 gates, leads across a bridge, and past the aviary to the 
 farmyard buildings, part of which once composed the 
 ancient kennels, from which Mr. Fawkes in his 
 younger days was wont to ride forth at the head of 
 his harriers. All the cattle stand on wood spars in 
 old-fashioned comfortable boxes. Robinson Crusoe, 
 a bull on the shortest leg, and with the deepest bosom 
 we ever saw, was then the principal tenant of the 
 bull paddock, but we heard of Milton and his sire 
 Rockingham, who owned no master but a certain dog 
 after his ring had been torn out of his nose. Laudable 
 was a good bull, and Bridegroom's three sons, 
 Sir Edmund Lyons, John O'Groat, and General 
 Bosquet were all Royal winners like himself. " The 
 General" was not so neat, but more massive and 
 mossy-haired than Sir Edmund Lyons, and his son 
 Bon Gargon also kept up the Farnley charter, and 
 beat Royal Butterfly as a calf at Chester. Mr. Fawkes 
 was very lucky with three, but sold the fourth, John 
 O'Groat for a good sum. Bull-breeding has always 
 been his forte, and since those days he has won first 
 prizes with Friar Tuck and his own brother Friar 
 Bacon at Plymouth Royal in '65. At Newcastle 
 Royal he took a first with Marquis, and at Manchester 
 Royal the same honours with Lord Isabeau. It is 
 his rule only to show young bulls. He has always 
 tried for roans, and it is his experience that white 
 upon red is more likely to produce them than red 
 upon white. 
 
The Pig Show at Keighley. 291 
 
 It was not, after all, an unnatural transition from 
 calves with the martial and political names without, 
 to the suits of ancient armour and the old rallying 
 room of the great Yorkshire Orange party. Sir 
 Thomas Fairfax, too, was reflected through his sword 
 and- his candlesticks, which hung, with Oliver Crom- 
 well's hat, in the rich oak-panelled entrance. There, 
 however, the chain of connexion with the herd ceased. 
 Not one bull stirred up the remembrance of its Royal 
 triumphs on canvas ; and we felt as one green silk 
 curtain after another was drawn aside by the hand of 
 our host, that there must be a deep truth in the words 
 of the author of Hora Subseciva when he spoke of the 
 six great sights of his life, and classed the Pyrenees, 
 the Venus of Melos, Titian's Entombment, and Paul 
 Veronese's Cain with his wife and child, and The 
 Rhine under a Midnight Thunderstorm at Coblentz, 
 with the wondrous Turners at Farnley Hall. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 " Mrs. Marcet admired his hams. ' Oh !' said he, ' our hams are the 
 only true hams ; yours are only Shems or Japhets.' " 
 
 Sydney Smith's Life. 
 
 The Pig Show at Keighley Celebrating a Victory Mr. Wainman's 
 Pigs Pig Scenes Abroad Mr. Waterton at Home Mr. Gully, 
 "The Squire," and Mr. Tom Hodgson Doncaster Moor Purity's 
 Five Heats "Martingale." 
 
 ABIT of good Pig- Racing," said a country philo- 
 sopher to us, " is worth all your horse-running 
 business. It's twice the fun sure-ly, and nobbut one 
 hundredth part of the expense. It taks up a yale 
 afternoon, and t'Leger don't tak four minnits." It 
 would have been hopeless to meet such an argument, 
 especially when propounded by a brawny mason in 
 
 U 2 
 
292 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 his Sunday best, with unkempt hair, and collars up to 
 his cheek-bones, and a visage absolutely beaming with 
 the proud recollection of how " old sow wan." The 
 turfite, who feebly suggested that he didn't see the 
 great difference, as an owner could now eat his horse 
 if he didn't run well, was at once suspected of " chaff- 
 ing" (which countrymen hate of all things), and re- 
 ceived a broadside in unshackled Doric, such as our 
 " steel pen" whatever Colonel Penn's might do 
 would despair of reproducing. The fact is, that pig 
 racing, alias pig showing, is a very solemn British in- 
 stitution. Go into a local agricultural show in Lan- 
 cashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire, and the 
 vast majority of the rustics never get beyond the pigs, 
 the poultry, and the washing machines. Booth and 
 Bates cows are wholly lost on them, and the hunters 
 are a drug in their eyes, except when they are " asked 
 a question" over the hurdles. 
 
 No town in those vast hives of industry is more de- 
 voted to its agricultural show thac Keighley. It is the 
 high festival of the year, and on one occasion every 
 window was illuminated. Choice quintets from the 
 Branches, Towneley, and Warlaby herds have met for 
 the cup in its ring. Sheep-dogs and rabbits are not 
 kept back from honour, and the owner of the donkey 
 in the best condition is rewarded with a sovereign. 
 The " neddies" step out very differently since this 
 stimulus was applied, when they 
 
 " Gang for the coals i' the morning," 
 
 and " prods" will soon be a thing of the past. Still, 
 Keighley reserves its highest sympathies for the pig, 
 and 3<D/. is given in " labouring men's classes" alone. 
 For this, forty to fifty pigs of about 3OO/. value, and 
 nearly all of the middle breed, compete. The pig is 
 the very Apis of the locality. At dinner-time the 
 men devote half-an-hour rigidly to the stye. They 
 sit and scratch their grunting idols if it is wet ; they 
 
The Pig Show at Keighley. 293 
 
 walk them out if it is fine ; and they seldom throw 
 away the soap-suds on Saturday night till they have 
 been put to do double duty. The Society keeps a 
 special van, which it lets out at a shilling a ride for 
 conveyance to and from the show-ground, &c., and 
 the best rug or blanket in the house is freely given up 
 for the candidate pig, if the day happens to be cold. 
 A Court of Error, quite as learned as the bench in 
 swine points, watch all round the ring ; and it is a 
 fearful moment when the cup entries have been called 
 out, and all save two or three " toppers" are put 
 back. The white, blue, pink, or green (for " extra") 
 rosettes are placed that night with as much pride over 
 the mantelpiece, as a Knight of the Garter's banner 
 above his Windsor stall. 
 
 " Drunken Barnaby," in his Northern Tour, spoke 
 of the inhabitants of Keighley as 
 
 " Jovial, jocund, jolly bowlers, 
 As if they were the world's controllers ;" 
 
 and they certainly keep up the character right 
 royally on their August show-day. There are two 
 grand stands, and three thousand people in them, or 
 looking on below, when the pigs come out for the 
 Challenge Cup, and 5OO/. has been taken at the gates. 
 Carriage loads of visitors are driven off to lunch in 
 the town, like tallies of voters going up to poll. 
 There is venison from Bolton Park, ling-fed Lonk 
 nearly equal to it in shade and flavour, and grouse 
 from every moor in the West Riding. Regalias serve 
 as toothpicks, and Roederer and Clicquot don't spoil 
 in ice. The volunteer tent was used on one occasion 
 for a bazaar, and, as a wind-up, pug-dogs and " chintz- 
 cats" were raffled for. Among the most curious com- 
 ponents of that throng are the " Cowan Headers," 
 who for many years bore the name of " the moon- 
 rakers," owing to a rooted belief that one of them 
 mistook the moon's reflection for a cheese, and tried 
 
294 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 to rake it out of a mill-dam. They are rather shy ; 
 and at their feasts lads dance with lads, and lasses 
 with lasses during the early part of the evening. 
 Later on, however, Mr. Spurgeon, who so much 
 approves of the other arrangement, would decline to 
 be M.C. The Haworth and Wath Valley one-tram 
 line puzzled them sorely. At last one of their phi- 
 losophers gave the company his mind pretty sharply 
 upon the point : " Did they think he was syke a fule 
 as pay to gan and hev to walk back you've nobbut 
 line one way." 
 
 Mr. Tuley, a Keighley weaver, first inoculated the 
 locality with high art pig-feeding. He showed at 
 The Royal, and called his cottage " Matchless House," 
 after his pet prize sow of the large breed. No small 
 portion of the eighteen shillings a week, which he and 
 his wife earned at the loom, were spent in oatmeal 
 for his pigs ; and Mrs. Tuley once " shaved a pig for 
 our maister," when the judges preferred them without 
 hair. He was a great man for pig pedigrees, and 
 he could generally get 5/. for the large sort at two 
 months. 
 
 The enthusiasm for pig-showing also rages at 
 Leeds, but does not take quite such a legitimate 
 form. The Leeds system is in fact rather pig-buying 
 than pig-breeding. Some of the owners keep public- 
 houses, where people meet, not to troll (as we have 
 known rustics to do for nearly an hour over their ale) 
 that dreary Wiltshire ditty : 
 
 " Heigho ! my dinner, oh ! 
 Bacon and potatoes, oh !" 
 
 but to hear at the bar the result of the summer " pig 
 races" by telegram, and to make sows and boars the 
 theme of their discourse. Professor Simonds and his 
 tooth-screw are names of dread, and when friends do 
 begin to let out confidentially over the ale, there are 
 some very awkward stories of pigs borrowed and rules 
 

 Celebrating a Pig Victory. 295 
 
 defied. One of their great legitimate victories was 
 when they " walked into Wainman" and Carhead 
 Duchess, with Lady Havelock at Chester. The news 
 was telegraphed to Leeds, and the whole of the 
 owner's family circle arrived on the Roodee next day. 
 The gude wife was especially communicative, and 
 said that there was " some sense in those judges," and 
 that " Tom would niver have sent her but for me." 
 They must have pretty well spent the io/. prize over 
 the trip, and at night we met them in an inn drinking 
 ginger-beer and giving away oranges in the gladness 
 of their hearts. "The missus" had a large basket of 
 them on her knee, and pressed them after her hearty 
 Yorkshire way on everyone, in honour of the event. 
 " There, maister, you're welcome if you'il ha' yen 
 old sow's wan." The pair were pretty equal, but 
 Mr. Fisher had four more shyes at her, and won the 
 odd trick. 
 
 The conductress of Lady Kate was quite as en- 
 thusiastic as the Leeds dame. She rode up and down 
 the country in the railway truck with " the lady" and 
 her litter (exciting thereby the deepest devotion on 
 the part of the porters), and sold her infant charges at 
 5/. apiece. That summer she and Lady Kate gathered 
 many a rosette in Yorkshire and Lancashire ; and 
 she delighted to sit by her sow, and to reckon up on 
 her fingers its thirteen crosses from the Chineze. 
 This was the poor girl's only summer in the show- 
 yards. The trip had been undertaken to divert her 
 mind from her fate, as she died soon after from cancer 
 of the breast. 
 
 Some of the rich Manchester men are also rather 
 fond of the sport, and do not scruple to play off prac- 
 tical jokes on each other. One of them, who was not 
 very sure that his pigs would win, overtook his friend's 
 lot on the road. " You may turn back," he said to the 
 swineherd ; " your master's dead." He had there- 
 fore the show pretty well to himself. His friend did 
 
296 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 not upbraid him when they met on 'Change, but he 
 bided his time. As Mr. Disraeli observes, " the 
 opportunity came at last, as everything does in this 
 world, if men are firm and calm." Finding his friend's 
 pigs in their crates at a station, bound to a local 
 show, and no one with them, the " dead" man changed 
 the directions and despatched them to York ; and 
 the owner soon guessed the reason of their non- 
 appearance. 
 
 Mr. Wainman of Carhead, in the Keighley district, 
 had the most remarkable career as a breeder and 
 shower of pigs during the twelve years he was at it. 
 He took very little interest in the pursuit himself; 
 and the whole management devolved on his steward, 
 Mr. John Fisher, as great a genius among pigs as Mr. 
 Culshaw, the Towneley " Talleyrand of trainers" is 
 among Shorthorns, or the late George Newton, of Mr. 
 Sanday's showing-days, amongst Leicesters. No pigs 
 to speak of were kept at Carhead until 1853, when 
 Mr. Fisher bought some of the Tuley sort, and crossed 
 them with another purchase, Mr. Swan's Midas. It 
 is not, however, our intention to go into particulars of 
 crosses, or to tell how Miss Emily, the first high pur- 
 chase, was the principal mould in which the middle 
 breed were cast and quickened. The composition 
 succeeded best by the union of a large sow and a 
 small boar ; and the Carhead average has generally 
 been about 34 stone of I4lbs. at twelve months for the 
 large breed, 30 stone for the middle, and 25 stone for 
 the small. Midas was more adapted for store pur- 
 poses than the show-yard. Still, at Ripon, Mr. " Val 
 Barford" fought hard to place him first, and kept on 
 saying to his brother judges, " Look at his gammons, 
 gentlemen !" However, if they did look, they " didn't 
 see it," and he got the blue instead of the white 
 rosette. A cottier bought him at last, and sold one 
 of his flitches to a Bradford provision merchant. Part 
 of it found its way to the kitchen of a municipal dig- 
 
Mr. Wainmans Pigs. 297 
 
 nitary ; but the fumes were all over the house when 
 the cook tried to toast a rasher for the parlour. The 
 dealer being sarcastically apprised of its strength 
 under fire, gave away the rest of the flitch to the 
 children on " Collop Monday ;" and thus freed him- 
 self for life from all " Pray ye a collop" levies, as even 
 those strong-stomached innocents would " have no 
 more of that old horse." The cottier kept very dark 
 as to what he did with the other flitch and the hams. 
 All he would say was, that he " had fettled somebody 
 with them," and that he " had made mony a waur 
 bargain than that." In truth, an aged boar should be 
 buried with all the honours, and turn, like " Imperial 
 Caesar," to clay, and not to bacon. 
 
 The first large-breed sow at Carhead was bought by 
 mere chance in Lancashire. A working-man turned 
 her out of a stye for a mid-day run into a croft near 
 Colne, and Mr. Fisher (who won the Beverley Cup on 
 Falcon as a boy, and was second horseman for ten 
 seasons to Mr. Hall of the Holderness) chancing to 
 ride past, was so delighted with her symmetry and 
 action, that he drew rein, and bought her for 8/. 2s. 6d. 
 The "uncontrollable impulse" was a correct one, 
 as she became the dam of Chelmsford Duchess, the 
 first Carhead winner at the Royal, as well as the Salis- 
 bury Boar and Carhead Duchess. Chelmsford 
 Duchess was sold for 4O/. to the French Government, 
 and Yorkshire Prioress went to Salisbury the next 
 July. She turned newt. 2qrs. 2/lbs. at Kildwick 
 station, when she was put on the rail in Yorkshire. 
 During the journey water was thrown upon her, and 
 she would stand up and drink, whereas Lady Airedale 
 never drank on her travels in the hottest weather, and 
 seemed to sulk at the sight of water, although she 
 would eat for ever. The Salisbury clock struck ten 
 when the London cattle special cleared the great 
 chalk cutting, and arrived at the station, where a 
 goodly multitude awaited it. "Dick" and "Kit," 
 
298 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 who were then Mr. Fisher's gentlemen-at-arms, drew 
 the crate, with Yorkshire Prioress in it, off the truck, 
 and distinctly remembered hearing the sow rise on to 
 her feet. She was only left for eight or ten minutes 
 while the other pigs and the luggage were looked up, 
 but she was never seen alive again. One theory was 
 that she had been suffocated by the crowd, but Mr. 
 Fisher considered that it had been done purposely 
 with a little chloroform, which w r ould tell almost in- 
 stantaneously on so fat a subject. Almost before he 
 could believe she was dead, a lot of rough fellows 
 showed an immense anxiety to purchase the carcase. 
 Her throat was cut, and after a good deal of chaffer- 
 ing, a bargain was struck at ?/. In the course of the 
 week he espied some of the most talkative vendees 
 presiding over a bread and fat bacon counter in a tent, 
 and felt more sure than ever that he had a key to the 
 sow's mysterious fate. " Dick" was inconsolable, and 
 wished to return at once to his native vale, but the 
 sale of the Carhead Duchess litter insensibly revived 
 him, and enabled him to bear up under the dispensa- 
 tion. And well it might, as they were going off by 
 10 guineas and 12 guineas apiece. One noble lord 
 stood cheapening a pair, while the agent of another 
 kept stirring the pets of his fancy on to their legs. 
 They were pigged on April I2th, and the eleven which 
 went to Salisbury cleared n6/. los. 
 
 The best of them, Sir Roger de Coverley, to whom 
 the Carhead large breed owed so much, both for good 
 and very large litters, was kept at home, and after 
 winning sixteen prizes, was sold to the Russian 
 Government at three years old for 2O/ M and got suffo- 
 cated on the road. The Golden Dream strain was not 
 so big as the Chelmsford Duchess one, but the old 
 sow was a wonder of fertility, and had 153 pigs at 
 thirteen litters ; while her daughter, Golden Days, had 
 three litters of eleven each, and won nine prizes before 
 she touched twenty-two months. Lord of the Was- 
 
Mr. Wainmans Pigs. 299 
 
 sail, the first middle breed boar that ever took a Royal 
 prize, had a coat of hair eight and a half inches long, 
 and Mr. Wainman, who is a very keen fisher both on 
 the Wharfe and the Spey, was wont to dress his flies 
 with it. He was so proud of it, that he kept a per- 
 petual sample of this porcine Esau in his pocket-book. 
 If " Wassail's" hair was the best, Fresh Hope beat 
 everything for bulk ; as when she was sold for 20 
 guineas and yielded up her hams to the slaughter, they 
 weighed 94lbs. each. Those who descended to view 
 these salted remains in the cellar, declared that but 
 for their being " nearly all real sandwich meat," they 
 might have pertained to a hippopotamus. For thick- 
 ness of hide, no pig came up to Carhead Duke. It 
 was found that it would only do for blacksmiths' 
 aprons ; but as it would not make three, and only cut 
 up to waste for two, it was converted into a partition 
 wall for a tap-room at Keighley. In that position it 
 is made the text of much sound pig doctrine, and is 
 always alluded to with the deepest respect. 
 
 Arch Trespasser was only beaten once, and ap- 
 peared at the Royal in three different characters. At 
 one year he was the small breed ; at two years old, 
 the middle, and at three years old, the large : and no 
 general or special demurrer was lodged. He died at 
 last of tumour in the chest, and was buried six feet 
 deep in the Carhead stack garth, with a silver " perfect 
 cure" ring in his nose. It has no legitimate hall mark, 
 seeing that Mr. Fisher invented it, and it will give the 
 Yorkshire archaeologists some trouble as to its date 
 and use, if a century hence they hold a picnic in Aire- 
 dale with their pickaxes, and invade this good boar's 
 barrow. One of his journeys was to. the Royal Irish 
 show at Clonmel, where he took the gold medal as 
 the best boar in all the classes. The Earl of Kim- 
 berley, the then Lord-Lieutenant, was looking at him 
 with his suite, when an outraged Paddy planted him- 
 self at his lordship's elbow, and said, " An ' sure if I 
 
300 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 had been a judge, I'd not have given that pig a prize 
 at all, at all." " Don't bother yourself," retorted Mr. 
 Fisher, " you never will be a judge at all, at all ;" and 
 the critic retired without having the best of it. Irish 
 pig-leaders are most unremitting in their blundering 
 efforts to square the judges. " Give us a prize !" said 
 one, nudging a friend of ours as he entered the yard ; 
 " by my sowle, you'll know the pig again, anyhow ; 
 he's got a big scratch with a nail on his back." 
 
 The large breed of boars are very difficult to make 
 up for show. Smaller ones sleep more, but their big 
 brothers should live in solitude, as they hear and smell 
 each other, and are always on their legs champing. 
 Silverhair, from Mr. Unthank's (of Cumberland) sort, 
 crossed with King of the West, a Watson boar, began 
 the Carhead small breed, and Silverwing, their beau- 
 tiful daughter, showed the light offal and short head 
 of that " silver" strain to perfection. She won nearly 
 thirty prizes " off malt-dust and turnips ;" but she 
 went at last both in the loins and the muscles of her 
 hams, and became lumpy, as pigs will do when they 
 are brought out over and over again. King Cube, her 
 " constant pardner," as Mrs. Gamp observes, was also 
 by King of the West, and Mr. Wainman smoked many 
 a cigar over this beautiful pair, when he did not care 
 to look at anything else. Missing Link, Happy Link, 
 and the rest of the " Links," were of the middle breed, 
 and combined the size of the large breed with the 
 thriftiness and quality of the small, but there was no 
 keeping some of them within growth bounds. At 
 Lincoln, Mr. Torr would not allow that Missing Link 
 was of the small breed, and he placed her second. She 
 was afterwards the best middle-bred sow at Battersea, 
 and finally took the cup at Keighley, when she 
 weighed nearly forty stone. 
 
 Mr. Wainman's greatest victory was at the Wor- 
 cester Royal, where he won eight firsts and a second. 
 In this year (1863), the Carhead pigs attended 33 
 
Mr. Wainmaris Pigs. 301 
 
 shows, and won 121 first prizes and 50 secords (many 
 of them "to their own stable"), making 464 1. los. be- 
 sides one silver cup, six silver medals, and one bronze. 
 Fresh Hope led the way with nineteen firsts and a 
 second, and King Cube backed her up wHi fifteen 
 and three. The last victory was at Birmingham in 
 1866, with a pen of five got by Fresh Fire, rxnd then 
 the whole were sold, Mr. Jacob Wilson going in for 
 Dream of Pretence and Golden Link. 
 
 Their show-season generally opened, at Acrrington, 
 in April, and lasted to the Leeds Fat Show. Big 
 Kit whose biceps muscle was a marvel to behold 
 and Little Kit were found everywhere from Edinburgh 
 to Exeter with the precious crates. Their heaviest 
 reverse was at Newport, on which they descended in 
 charge of four clippers, and had to strike their flag 
 without a prize or a mention, before "those Irish- 
 looking blacks and whites." Sometimes the army of 
 Wainman Whites would be off in two divisions com- 
 manded by " the Kits," and then Mr. Fisher would 
 meet them with the main body from Carhead, and 
 they would close their ranks for a grand descent on 
 the Yorkshire or the Highland Show. They very 
 seldom went to the Smithfield Club, but at Birming- 
 ham, in the halcyon days of pig prices, when a fox- 
 hunter boasted that he got three days a-week hunt- 
 ing out of two sows, Mr. Wainman has made I5/. 
 each for pigs out of a prize pen, under six months 
 old. The late Lord Berwick was the first to pay it, 
 and ten guineas to 12 guineas was by no means un- 
 usual. French buyers always fought out the point of 
 "No glnney ! No ginney ! Von pound /" and when the 
 bargain was struck, Mr. Fisher was generally seen 
 sketching in chalks the imperial fleur-de-lis of La Belle 
 France on his late charge's hams. 
 
 Nineteen young pigs, chaperoned by Silver Wing, 
 Silver Beard, Duke of York, Rival Duchess, and 
 Middle Link, went to the Hamburgh show in 1864. 
 
302 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 The seniors, as a fitting reward for their excellent sea 
 legs, got pretty nearly all they could from a committee, 
 which attached more importance to gilt cards and 
 waterfalls than prizes ; but very few of the nineteen 
 recrossed the German Ocean. At Hamburgh, a crate 
 end came out with one of Mr. Bowly's Berkshires in it, 
 just as it was being hoisted over the side, and the sow 
 sank with a deep, sullen splash into the Elbe. For 
 nearly a quarter of an hour the German sailors stood 
 craning over the side of the vessel in mute expecta- 
 tion that the fresh pork would reappear, but poor 
 Fritz saw nothing but a few bubbles for his pains. 
 Yorkshire and Suffolk worked very amicably together, 
 and especially in one instance. A foreigner came up 
 to Mr. Fisher to buy the last of the Carhead lot. 
 " Ah ! I see de beautiful gentleman ; vot de prize 
 (price)?" "Fifteen guineas!" " Fifteen ginneys. 
 Ah ! dat ginnsy again. Yah ! Fifteen pound !" The 
 bargain had reached this stage, when the mistake as 
 to sex was explained. " Ah ! de beautiful lady ; if I 
 could buy de beautiful gentleman for de beautiful 
 lady, I would buy de beautiful lady." So Mr. Fisher 
 took him round to Mr. Crisp, and for 3<D/. he got " de 
 beautiful" pair. The price was paid in thalers of three 
 shillings each, and the two Kits carried them in a 
 basket slung upon a pole. There was no telling where 
 to keep them all day, so a hole was- dug in the pen, 
 and they were buried with a crate above them till the 
 Kits could resume their burden, and convert them into 
 a banker's draft. * 
 
 " Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage ; 
 Minds innocent and quiet take that for a hermitage. " 
 
 So sang the poet of the Royalists ; and Charles 
 Waterton by that mysterious and solitary worship of 
 
 * Yorkshire and Lancashire breeders generally run on the middle or 
 large breed, and fanciers on the small. Scotland and Ireland are all 
 for the large, and so are Australia, America, Prussia, Holland, Spain, 
 
Mr. Waterton at Home. 303 
 
 animated nature, to which he had dedicated himself 
 from childhood to old age, proved the couplet true. 
 His lot brought with it no obligation to work for his 
 bread, and he became a mighty hunter with the Bads- 
 worth, when " Darlington's peer" was in his prime. 
 Sudden remorse seized him one day just before the 
 hunting season began. He felt that scampering after 
 foxes was " not life in earnest," and he longed to ex- 
 change the Tally-ho / and the Ware wheat ! for the 
 golden flash of the humming bird, the scream of the 
 parrot, and the deep toll of the campanero in the 
 forests of Brazils. A scarlet tempter in the person 
 of the Earl himself, met him a few miles from 
 London, and, jumping out of his chaise-and-four, 
 earnestly begged him to change his mind. Still, he 
 was not to be headed back, although, as he used to 
 
 and Germany ; and the Emperor of the French purchased large and 
 middle for three successive years. At one time Mr. Wainman bred 
 about 220 pigs a year, and sold about iooo/. worth. Until the cattle 
 plague came, there was a brisk trade ; but the regulations interfered 
 and closed the English and Irish markets. In England the pigs were 
 perpetually stopped at stations, owing to some informality, real or sup- 
 posed, and, to save further expense, the butchers got them. Between 
 Carhead and Forfar five passes were required ; and, after such a severe 
 check, high prices became a dream of the past. 
 
 Mr. Wiley's small breed are remarkable for neatness and quality, and 
 he has always got very high prices for them. The old gentleman has 
 not been a very extensive shower ; but he very seldom missed Birming- 
 ham, and won constantly till there were more "black judges" on the 
 bench. Lord Wenlock's pigs are always very fat, and' his lordship has 
 never shown finer pens of the small breed than those at Battersea and 
 Leeds, when the young sows were declared by the judges to be " mag- 
 nificent," as in truth they were. Before Mr. Wainman came out, Mr. 
 Harrison, of Stockport, beat everyone with small, middle, and big. 
 Carhead caught him up at Canterbury and Leeds, and Mr. Wainman 
 bought his Worcester Duke at Battersea for 23/., and won thirteen 
 firsts and four seconds with him. Victor, one of Mr. Harrison's boars, 
 did Mr. Duckering a good deal of good, and corrected the coarseness 
 of the Lincolnshire sort. Mr. Duckering has sows chiefly for the 
 middle breed, but he has shown all three for some years, and beat Mr. 
 Wainman, at Plymouth, with his Dexter Chief, who was beautifully 
 got up. His two sons assist him, and they keep a coal staith at 
 Kirton Lindsey. Mr. Hickman, of Hull, was once an extensive 
 
304 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 say as he stood before the Darlington H nnt picture 
 in his hall " those dark eyes fairly looked through you'.' 
 The spirit must have been still strong upon him, as, 
 when no convoy could be got for six weeks, he " stole 
 back" once more, and then, true to time, forsook 
 Womersley and Hemsworth Lane Ends, and dropped 
 down the Channel at last. His life from that point 
 is told in his Wanderings. As Sydney Smith wrote 
 of him, " the sun exhausted him by day, and the mos- 
 quitoes bit him by night ; but on went Mr. Charles 
 Waterton. * * He rejoices that he is the only man 
 there ; that he has left his species far away, and is at 
 last in the midst of his blessed baboons." 
 
 It seemed passing strange when, after a walk of 
 three or four miles from Wakefield, with railways to 
 right of you, railways to left of you, the park gate 
 
 shower ; and for two or three years he was very successful. Among 
 the Leeds pig fanciers, Mr. Gavin held a high place ; but Mr. Dyson 
 is quite the emperor of them now, and buys and shows a good one of 
 the large breed whenever he can. Mr. Sagar, of Sa.ltaire, is a great 
 local shower, and once took a second at the Royal, with a sow of Mr. 
 Wainman's breed, beating Golden Link. This sow won the Keighley 
 Challenge Cup, which is decided, not by marching out all the winners, 
 but by special entry before the classes are judged, so that the cup pig 
 is got out of the way, and not allowed to compete in its class. Mr. 
 Mangles is the largest Yorkshire pig breeder. He was a pupil of the 
 late Mr. Watson, of Bolton Park, Cumberland, and got a rare boar, 
 Bendigo, from him, of the small white breed. -Latterly he has stood 
 more on the middle breed and always prefers the small boar in the 
 cross. He has won two Royal prizes, but Birmingham has been his 
 field of the cloth of gold. He "composed" a nice flecked pig by 
 crossing blacks and whites ; but sometimes it only comes out with a 
 little blue on the quarters. Black-eyed Susan was a very nice sow ; 
 and she and the celebrated Brutus were both of The Squire, and full of 
 Thormanby blood. Mr. Mangles maintains that bacon should be fed 
 for less than 6d. per lb., and that pigs should pay for all they consume 
 without taxing the manure. New milk, to encourage sleepiness, 
 warmth, cleanliness, and regularity, keeping the styes rather dark, and 
 laying down ashes for the pigs to root over when they are not in the 
 field, are very salient points of the system. Mr. Peter Eden has been 
 very successful lately at the Royal meeting with the blood of King 
 Lear ; and he and Mr. Duckering seem to be the great winners of the 
 day. Each took four first prizes at the Manchester Royal. 
 
Mr. Waterton at Home. 305 
 
 opened and shut you within leafy solitudes which were 
 surrounded by a nine-foot wall. He had accurately 
 gauged the jumping power of a fox, and we think it 
 was his boast that one, and only one had ever got its 
 pads on the coping, and that it made no second 
 effort. Walton Hall seemed quite a city of refuge, 
 where a man might lay by all care and sorrow for a 
 season ; but still, no one without the high spirits of a 
 schoolboy or the heart of a naturalist could enjoy it 
 to the full. The birds were to him a living poem all 
 the year round. " The change of seasons was his 
 calendar." Rooks cawed gratefully as they dug up 
 the wire-worm at eve in the old grass, and " the 
 royal birds" built their clumsy nests, and did their 
 fishing in peace. Not a gun or a trap was known 
 about the domain. We ventured to suggest that the 
 water rats must increase terribly under the golden 
 age ; and he replied quite angrily : " Kill the water- 
 rats ! they're my greatest comfort they're the English 
 beaver !" Still a stewed carp from the lake carried 
 you back to the " good old times," and furnished a 
 dish not soon to be forgotten. 
 
 The house was girdled by a moat, and the cross 
 rising above the ivy stood near the drawbridge en- 
 trance, as the earnest and symbol of his faith. Every 
 tree had its story, or was peopled with some myste- 
 rious feathered tenant in fee. There was the owl's 
 hole in the oak beyond the bridge; a tower was pierced 
 with " chambers" for the jackdaws' parliament which 
 never " rose for the holidays ;" the American haw 
 was there in plenty, for the missle-thrush or storm- 
 cock ; and there too was the shattered elm, from whose 
 shade, as he so often recounted, under a prescience of 
 ill which made him hurry home from the confessional, 
 he warned off two visitors, just before it was struck by 
 lightning. 
 
 He delighted to point out the window from which 
 when a child the good Abbe rescued him as he 
 
 X 
 
306 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 climbed along the sill to get at a nest in the eaves ; 
 but on the point as to whether he had really tied up 
 his arm in a sling and tried to hatch an egg in his 
 armpit, and was within four days of being a mother 
 when a schoolfellow pushed him and broke it, we did 
 not find him decisive. He seemed content to let the 
 story rest in the shape which it then bore. We 
 loved best to see him in his most inspired attitude, 
 watching in the October evenings whether the rooks 
 would take their regular departure for the season 
 after their evening meal for Nostell Wood, or linger 
 one or more days " over the ninth." He would 
 almost drag you out, and stand bare-headed on the 
 lawn long after nightfall, listening to the quack of the 
 mallard, and telling each fresh water-fowl by its note, as 
 it settled on the lake, with all the quickness of Fine Ear. 
 The late Archbishop of Canterbury, who not un- 
 frequently paid him a visit from Bishopthorpe or the 
 Palace at Ripon, must have smiled, as did many others, 
 when he scaled that wonderful staircase with its pic- 
 tured walls, and found on the two landings, among 
 cases of humming birds, toucans, and the other results 
 of his Wanderings, the " English Reformation zoologi- 
 cally illustrated." If there was an uglier monkey 
 than usual in the menagerie-offerings which were made 
 to him, he stuffed it to represent O'd Nick, or labelled 
 it "John Knox." Titus Gates, Cranmer, and Bishop 
 Burnet each found their equivalent very low down in 
 the scale of reptiles ; " Mother Law, Church, and her 
 Dissenting Fry," looked like a group of toad dancers ; 
 and as for " Queen Bess at Lunch," it was a perfectly 
 appalling combination of lizards and newts, and other 
 unhallowed things. Beetles and flies, as beingta special 
 emblem of Satan, also bore their part in this strange 
 medley of polemics ; but still there was no lack of 
 high-bred courtesy on his part to those of another 
 creed. You thought only of his deep devotion when 
 you saw him bend his shrunken form before the Eu 
 
Mr. Water ton at Home. 307 
 
 charist, and heard him bear his part at vespers in the 
 hymn of St. Bernard : 
 
 " My comfort in the wilderness ; 
 But oh ! when face to face !" 
 
 He slept on the ground, with his head on a hollowed 
 out beech block, in a little room next to the chapel, 
 or in his Brazilian hammock, and always awoke him- 
 self at three by Sir Walter Raleigh's clock, which had 
 been removed from the Knight's house at Chelsea, and 
 stood near the staircase entry of his bed-room. The 
 first hour so snatched from sleep he " gave to the 
 health and preservation of the soul." Hermit as he 
 seemed in his habits and guise, he entered keenly into 
 everything in the outer world, and loved dearly to 
 find that he was not forgotten among naturalists. 
 " Well, Mr. Waterton ! The Times has got hold of 
 you to-day" we said to him, when the papers came 
 in, and we had to read twice over to him (and a very 
 pleasant task it was) a column letter signed "An Ape" 
 which treated of Professor Huxley and his hippo- 
 campus theory, and alluded most affectionately to 
 " My dear friend, Charles Waterton" If he was in 
 London, he never omitted to visit the Zoological 
 Gardens, and he went there we believe for the last 
 time to examine the retractile claws of the cheetah. 
 The people stared famously when they saw him enter 
 the cage with the keeper, holding his right hand at a 
 certain conventional distance from the ground. One 
 woman said, " Law ! I'll be bound that's the Doctor" 
 " No, madam" he replied, never taking his eye off the 
 beast as it crouched in the corner, "you're mistaken, it's 
 only the Apothecary ; " an answer which gave him great 
 delight, and puzzled the old lady still more. He left 
 home very little, but every Christmas he repaired to 
 his old college at Stonyhurst, for a week, to meet his 
 friends and see the boys act Shakspeare. 
 
 As a modern medicine man, he believed thoroughly 
 X 2 
 
308 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 in " the late Dr. Marshall's excellent purgative pills," 
 and many friends have a box of his presenting by them 
 to this day. It was regarded by him as a special mark 
 of consideration when he took out his cherished 
 wourali poison, and told how the Nottingham Cor- 
 poration had asked him to come and exercise his art 
 on a policeman, who died, unluckily for the test, a 
 few hours before the North Mail was due. The cock- 
 ade, " with which I carried Lord Cochrane's despatches 
 in 1808," was another treasure ; and so were the fatal 
 blow-pipe of the Indians, and the hammock which he 
 used when he was a wanderer in the forests from which 
 he drew those inexhaustible chronicles. Still the stuf- 
 fing of birds was his great forte, and he spoke with 
 too well-merited contempt of many modern professors 
 of the art. " Every feather is poisoned," was his in- 
 variable mode of introducing his handiwork. The 
 large picture on the staircase pourtrayed him a hale 
 young fellow of thirty, bestriding the cayman, while 
 all the forest birds of his acquaintance looked on ap- 
 provingly from the boughs. Opposite was the cayman 
 himself, which has been the very idol of three genera- 
 tions of boys, stretched out in all its scaly length, 
 and furnishing a vivid key to the picture. He 
 scarcely ever quoted any other naturalist, but of 
 Mr. Frank Buckland he expressed a very high 
 opinion. As might have been expected, he was very 
 stiff in his own theories, and did not seem to allow 
 that the world had grown older, and other men as 
 well as himself grey and white with thought. He 
 would lay down the law most positively about stags 
 and foxes, which he had not hunted for fully fifty 
 years, and the opinion of men like Charles Davis 
 and Harry Ayris on the point did not weigh one 
 ounce with him. Still it was this peculiar tenacity 
 of opinion which gave his character that unique charm 
 when once you got accustomed to him. 
 
 While you were looking through the big telescope, 
 
Mr. Waterton at Home. 309 
 
 at the herons by the lake side in all their fishing atti- 
 tudes, he would be donning his tattered sailor's jacket 
 and his large leather gloves, and then invite you to 
 stroll round his park. Every incident of that walk 
 lingers with us still. First there was a long disserta- 
 tion on the rumpless fowl, which seemed to take bed 
 and board with the jackdaws. Then we paused to 
 hear the history of the half-paralyzed vine near the 
 stables, and to handle " the paragon bull," of whose 
 august presence he had forewarned us, and of whose 
 qualities, when sorely pressed, we hardly spoke so 
 reverentially as he wished. We wound our way on- 
 ward to the grove facing the rock, in one of whose 
 recesses he sat like a prophet of the cave, the live-long 
 summer day, " musing upon many things" in his green 
 chair, and listening to the birds. It was with them 
 far more than insects that he loved to hold communion. 
 A hen-pheasant flew across the drive, and as we heard 
 her mate crow to her in the wood, he recounted to us 
 how that bird is the direct antithesis of the cock, and 
 crows before it claps its wings. " Hark ! there's a jay!' 
 he would suddenly observe, grasping our arm ; 
 "Listen! there s a jenny wren; did you ever hear 
 her singf Had he spoken of Kettledrum and 
 Duchess /^th we might have said something, but this 
 was a poser only to be made a note of. Then a 
 magpie struck in, and he was quite eloquent again. 
 But there our colloquy was interrupted for a time. He 
 suddenly discovered that some rude visitor on the 
 open days had cut his initials on the bark of a tree, 
 near the swings. Hence we had to seek out the car- 
 penter together, and get a neat little piece of wood ; 
 and ere long he had written, in his fine Roman hand, 
 and nailed up against that tree, his love, in most 
 pungent terms, for all such stupid clowns. 
 
 Once more we were on our way, past the spot where 
 the watercress grew, perhaps looking at his peculiar 
 wickets, and hearing of his charm for cattle. Not a 
 
3 1 o Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 hedge was cut within the park, which seemed fully 
 two miles round, or else " there would be no berries 
 for the blackbird or the poor man." Then he paused 
 over the thorn which " bloomed in the winter of its 
 days," like its sister of Glastonbury, and was rich 
 with white honours on Christmas morning. We saw 
 tlie keepers' huts, and then turned, near the spot he 
 had chosen for his burial over the little bridge by the 
 cranberry tree, and away to the heron nests. On our 
 left were twelve large willows, one of which had been 
 broken during a thunderstorm, and had been spliced 
 up again with iron. " There" said he, "are the Twelve 
 Apostles ; the broken one is Judas Iscariot ; I hear it 
 groaning like a troubled spirit, when the wind is high" 
 And so we left; him in his lodge in the wilderness, and 
 we saw him again no more. 
 
 Like Lord Brougham, his death was forestalled, 
 and he had the rare pleasure of reading during his 
 lifetime a singularly graceful tribute to his memory 
 in the Daily Telegraph. It showed him that a host 
 of younger men might rise, but that there was still 
 a grateful thought of one who had been foremost 
 among the best in his day. We look with sadness 
 at the last letter (Jan. 22nd, 1865) we ever had 
 from him, written in a firm hand, which told little 
 of eighty-three, and especially at the characteristic 
 postscript, which contained the gist of the whole : 
 "Walton Hall is twelve miles south of Leeds, and 
 the nightingale breeds here and sings here charm- 
 ingly. C. W." The Telegraph article was written 
 in the winter of the previous year, and he saw the 
 seasons round once more, and then sank from the 
 effects of a slight accident, a fall from the rustic bridge 
 near his future grave, when the insect world had burst 
 into life, and all nature was carolling round hii?% in 
 his favourite month of May. The sympathies o his 
 earliest years were true to him in death. He directed 
 by his will that he should be rowed to his tomb, 
 
Mr. Gully. 3 1 1 
 
 which had long been erected near the top of the 
 lake under the shade of two venerable oak trees. 
 There he is buried, in a silence broken only by the 
 cry of the heron and the waterfowl, a solitude almost 
 as deep as that in which he had lived so long in the 
 swamps of the Oronoco and the forests of the 
 Amazon. He had written, in Latin, the epitaph 
 meet for a wanderer : " Pray for the soul of Charles 
 Waterton, whose wearied bones rest here!' 
 
 We pass on to a neighbour of very different mould. 
 It is seldom, indeed, in a lifetime that you meet 
 with one whose self-respect and manly bearing entitle 
 him to your prompt fealty as a very " king among 
 men," and yet scarcely a man who knew him if only 
 by sight, would deny that title to John Gully. That 
 calm courage and inflexible decision were written on 
 every feature, which stood him in such stead in those 
 slashing Gregsonian contests, which made even Lord 
 George's Doncaster Rooms irony return unto him 
 void. It was, we believe, a remark like the "Napoleon, 
 of the Turf's," which first fired Mr. Gully, on the 
 spur of the moment, to beard the Mexborough influ- 
 ence in person at Pontefract ; and he had not mis- 
 calculated the previous influence of his character, 
 even on that mysterious, voter-bottling borough. He 
 did not care for the honour, except so far as asserting 
 a principle and giving pleasure to his townfolk ; and 
 he retired, to their deep regret, when the first purpose 
 was served, from what would have been infallibly a 
 seat for life. 
 
 It was a glory to belong to the ring, and to ascend 
 the stage at the Fives' Court, in the days when 
 he stripped to the buff, and he had no mawkish 
 scruples about referring to it. No one saluted Tom 
 Sayers more heartily with his " / wonder, Tom, how 
 ever you did it ;" when the champion met him on the 
 Heath during the Wizard's Two Thousand day ; 
 and he only smiled at Doncaster, as Alfred Day 
 
312 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 cantered Andover down to the starting post for the 
 Eglinton Stakes ; and Mr. Padwick prophesied that 
 " The Chicken beat you once, Gull}', and he'll beat 
 you again!' As a betting man he formed one of the 
 more scientific and daring school, which arose at 
 the Corner, when Gentleman Ogden and his fol- 
 lowers dropped off. Jem Bland, Jerry Cloves, his 
 nephews Peter and Davis, Tommy Swan, Highton, 
 Holliday, Crockford, Briscoe, Ridsdale, Bob Steward, 
 " Goose" Davis and Tanfield, Justice and Gully 
 were its great metallic heroes, and Gully outlived 
 them all. 
 
 What had once been more of a pastime had now 
 become hard-headed, cautious point dealing, and 
 people learnt to speak of twenty to ten thousand 
 books on the Derby, without any amazement. 
 With the Yorkshiremen, John Gully was always an 
 especial lion, and the young tykes gazed with 
 reverence at the athletic form in the blue tie, and 
 black frock coat, which had stood nearly five-and- 
 forty years before, in swallow-tails, kerseymere 
 breeches and top boots, on a St. Leger eve, in front 
 of the Salutation, and pencil in hand, led many a 
 dashing assault on those Middleham and Malton 
 favourites, for whom their sires and their grand- 
 sires fought and bled. The literary partnership of 
 Beaumont and Fletcher did not cause one whit more 
 speculation among the men of the day, than the 
 joint-book of Mr. Gully and Will Ridsdale, and 
 it was said that they got 5O,ooo/. out of St. Giles 
 for the Derby, and stood to win 8o,ooo/. on little Red 
 Rover, if the dark green of Sam Day, on Priam, had 
 not brought them to grief. 
 
 With the 4OOO-guinea Mameluke, over whom 
 he stood with a cart whip at the Leger post, he 
 became a man of mark, and desperately jealous 
 " George Guelph," and of course Jack Ratford, were 
 of him, and his white-faced five-year-old, when they 
 
Mr. Gully. 313 
 
 seemed likely to beat the Colonel for the Ascot Cup. 
 In fact, the royal vexation at some strictures which 
 he made about the Ascot arrangements to Lord 
 Maryborough gave birth to an exclusive aristocratic 
 clause in the Cup conditions, which prevented Priam 
 among other cracks from having a shy for it. The 
 coffin-headed Margrave won him his only St. Leger, 
 and Robinson remembers to this day his stentorian 
 roar of " I've won," almost before Jim felt sure on 
 the point himself, as he stood on the rails near the 
 Red House ; while Mendicant, after a kick, which 
 might have been heard to Leatherhead, and made 
 Sam Day think that all was over, managed to win the 
 Oaks, fetch 4000 guineas, and breed a winner of 
 the Derby. It was with Virago's sire that he led the 
 forlorn hope for Danebury in '46 ; and with his Bay 
 Middleton colts, Andover and Hermit, that he regu- 
 larly circumvented King Tom, after winning a Two 
 Thousand, on which he hardly felt sure he was right 
 to risk even an extra fifty to make stakes. Such 
 double luck at 71 was not to be improved ; and after 
 that he became a mere fancy bettor. He was 
 especially proud of alone holding the triple honours 
 in his hand ; but his dream of supremacy was dis- 
 pelled, when on passing through Doncaster in his 
 invalid days, the news reached him that Caller Ou 
 had at last brought I'Anson level with him. 
 
 In his conversation, " every word weighed a pound," 
 and we never remember getting so much solid 
 guidance from any one about old times, as we did in 
 a short chat with him when a Heath afternoon was 
 over. No one could sketch old chums more deftly. 
 One audience which he gave at his Newmarket 
 lodgings was of a less satisfactory character to the 
 person concerned. A most audacious young tout was 
 standing near him as he sat on horseback, cigar in 
 mouth, and book and card in hand at the cords, and 
 hearing him offer odds against a horse, shouted to 
 
314 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 him "/'// take you'' He, of course, took no notice of 
 the impertinence, and booked the bet with some 
 one else, and lost it. To his surprise the tout came 
 up, and claimed the money, and not satisfied with the 
 curt disclaimer, kept dunning " Old England," at 
 intervals, during the meeting. At last, Mr. Gully told 
 him to come to his rooms after the races, and he 
 would settle with him ; and taking him by the collar 
 when he arrived, he used his dog-whip with such 
 stinging effect on his shoulders that he howled out 
 promises of the most hearty repentance, and went to 
 another bet-market in future. However, the story got 
 wind, and the tout finding that he was universally 
 called " Young Gully," put a good face on his chasten- 
 ing, and ever after reverentially alluded to the great 
 book-maker as " my father? Once, in the May of '50 
 he wandered down to Danebury, where there was a 
 solemn Derby council of war, to tout the horses at 
 exercise ; and poor Walter Day remembered how he 
 roared to him, " Go and tell my father there, that he 
 needn't keep looking at Pits ford with Mr. Hill ; 
 Voltigeur will be first, and the chestnut will beat the 
 rest" 
 
 Hunting always had a charm for him, and during 
 " The Squire's" mastership he spent a great deal of time 
 with him at Quorn. His observation of everything, 
 Furrier and Vanquisher included, in. the field or on 
 the flags, was so keen, that if he had been obliged to 
 take the horn for a season, he would have given a 
 very good account of his foxes. He was only four or 
 five years older, but a great Mentor to " the Squire" 
 on the subject of condition, and he was so vexed at 
 seeing " The Little Wonder" insist upon riding back 
 into the town after his Newmarket match against 
 time, that he told him he deserved a whip across his 
 back, for trifling with his constitution in that way. 
 " That 'ere friendly expression," as a jack-tar would 
 have termed it, provec. their intimacy ; but a St. Leger 
 
Mr. Osbaldeston. 315 
 
 shadow came the very next year between this Robin 
 Hood and Little John, of the Charnwood Forest. At 
 no time of his life was he a hard rider, and he had 
 once a narrow escape from being drowned when with 
 the Badsworth, from his horse falling on to him in a 
 deep pond, in a farm-yard, whose surface was covered 
 with chaff. Some years before he had very severe 
 jaundice ; but it was only within the last two of his 
 life that he failed so decidedly, and latterly his surgeon 
 had to be in attendance on him three times a day. 
 The strong man was bowed at last ; his strength at 
 fourscore years had indeed become labour and sorrow, 
 and he might well long to be at rest near his old 
 Ackworth home. Jealousy he had long lived down, 
 and in the years to come he will continue to point a 
 moral in Englishmen's hearts, as the especial type 
 of one 
 
 " Who through the moil and dust of life 
 Went forward undenled." 
 
 When shall we again see such a man as Mr. Osbal- 
 deston, on such a horse as Assheton, with three such 
 hounds as Tarquin, Furrier, and Vaulter at his side, 
 and two such whips as Tom Sebright and Dick 
 Burton ? It was a rare combination of human and 
 brute talent. The ambition of "The Squire" from 
 his earliest to his latest day was to be talked about 
 Modern men have the same aspiration, but the means 
 are very easy and Sybaritic in comparison. They 
 don't care what prices they give for a hunter, a race- 
 horse, a hack, or a yacht, provided it is duly chronicled. 
 " The Squire," on the contrary, trusted not to pocket, 
 but to hand and eye for his fame. He never rested 
 till he was at the head of the hunting, the pigeon- 
 shooting, the steeple-chasing, the cricket, and the 
 billiard world. Now it is enough for a man to be 
 prominent in one branch of sporting science, but Mr. 
 Osbaldeston aspired to nearly all, and not a soul 
 breathing could touch him all round. Cue, bridle, 
 
3 1 6 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 trigger, bat, oar, and boxing-gloves came alike easy to 
 him. When the poets had called him " the very 
 worst huntsman that ever was born," they had said 
 their worst, and perhaps they were not very far wrong. 
 Among gentlemen he was never popular. The Mel- 
 tonians could not outride him, and they crabbed him 
 to make up for it. For society he cared little, and 
 the saddle was the easy-chair he loved. When he 
 got home after a short day he was quite ready to 
 have a second pack out if the humour suited him, and 
 when he got home after a long one, he liked his chop 
 and a pint of port, a chat with his friend Gully, and 
 so to bed. Sport was, in fact, his business, and 
 when he was fifty-four, and generally content to ride 
 lost. Qlbs., he wasted to ride his King Charles at 
 8st. 7lbs. in the Two Thousand. A keen limner 
 describes him even at that age, as " short and awkward, 
 shrivelled and shrunk, with round shoulders and a 
 limping walk, ill-clothed in a brown frock coat with 
 velvet collar, loose grey trousers, and cloth boots." 
 Throughout his life he was singularly light of tongue, 
 and the last time we ever saw him, when he was 
 drawn about in a Bath chair, on the beach at 
 Brighton, the unruly member was going with its 
 pristine vigour. 
 Unlike 
 
 " The shy- fed soda- watering youths, 
 Who now o'er a country sail," 
 
 and will not be troubled with kennel cares, Mr. Tom 
 Hodgson succeeded to the Badsworth at twenty-four, 
 when Sir Bellingham Graham resigned, and found, as 
 he expressed it, " twelve couple of hounds, and three 
 hacks, as a nest egg," Three seasons there, sixteen 
 in Holderness, two with the Quorn, and about one 
 and a half in part of Mr. Foljambe's country, gave 
 him plenty to do till he was about fifty, when the cry 
 of " Foljambe and Fox-hunting" and his own worth, 
 placed him at the head of the poll by 32 for the 
 
Mr. Tom Hodgson. ^7 
 
 West Riding Regfstrarship of Deeds, after a tre- 
 mendous contest (in which 3393 polled) with one of 
 the Lascelles family. 
 
 It was a lucky day for him when Jack Richards of 
 the Badsworth bethought him of Will Danby as his 
 first lieutenant in Holderness, and Will left his harriers 
 and walked forty-four miles through the night in his 
 top-boots to strike the bargain at a guinea a week. 
 No Crusoe could have had a Man Friday more to his 
 mind. For two seasons there was barely 8oo/. for four 
 days a week, and once only two horses between them. 
 Still with thirty-six couple they killed their thirty- 
 seven brace, and their spirits never flagged. Between 
 them they claimed the honour of having entered Mr. 
 Percy Williams, and it was Mr. Hodgson's boast that 
 he had built six kennels and sold twenty couple of 
 bitches for a thousand guineas. The Meltonians made 
 merry with his plain attire, and his gaunt lath-like 
 figure in the brown coat, leggings, and knee-caps ; as 
 well as his gloveless hands. Still they had no small 
 respect for him as a thorough sportsman rather out 
 of his element on Comical in such a flying country, 
 but possessed of a lady pack whose Billesdon Coplow 
 of Jan. 20, 1840, and Thorp Trussel's run in the 
 same December, were enough to set the seal on any 
 season. 
 
 The West Riding appointment gave him that com- 
 petence which he so well deserved. He married and 
 settled down after his toils at Snydale Hall, and to 
 the last he might be seen occasionally at the cover side 
 on his pony or in a four-wheel. He did not forget the 
 scarlet interest, and many a huntsman's son served a 
 clerkship in the Registrar's office. His friends might 
 well joke him and ask him whether he merely looked 
 to their back ribs and good legs and feet. Woe be to 
 them if they had presented themselves for his inspec- 
 tion with a beard or moustache ! There was much to 
 see at Snydale, both inside and outside of the house. 
 
3 1 8 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 The old grey mare Twilight wandered near the old 
 hovel on the left of the drive, where the thousand 
 guinea pack were housed a whole season, and where 
 Eclogue foaled her Prologue, Catalogue, and Virgilius. 
 He maintained that " hunting is the sport for young 
 men and racing for old," and this mare and her foals 
 were a great delight to him. Will Danby's portrait 
 from the Sporting Magazine was installed above the 
 chimney-piece of his little sanctum, which he seldom 
 allowed you to leave without bringing down the mys- 
 terious case, which was forwarded to him anony- 
 mously, with a hunting whip, in his bachelor days, 
 and giving you a hint as to his after discoveries on the 
 point. 
 
 It was delightful to see him after dinner while the 
 fire lighted up Comical, Ned Oxtoby and other 
 hunting comrades on the oak panels settle himself 
 into his great easy chair, dive into his capacious side 
 pockets, and produce a large packet of hunting letters. 
 In this respect he was quite a Registrar of Deeds, as 
 several masters, Lord Middleton among them, made 
 a point of writing to him when they had a great thing. 
 We were in for the record of the Christmas Eve when 
 his lordship's had run over nineteen parishes, and 
 swum three rivers, and our host's recital and com- 
 ments, given in his dry solemn way, were as long and 
 thrice as amusing as an inaugural address. He some- 
 times went to the hound shows, and his sinewy six- 
 foot-two form, in black, with a white hat, worn rather 
 on the back of his head, and a light linen cravat, was 
 always to be seen on the Doncaster balcony, or on 
 some hunting friend's drag opposite the stand at York. 
 Virgilius was his delight, and he made very sure of the 
 Flying Dutchman Handicap in '62, but he did not 
 care much to back his opinion, and defeat never de- 
 pressed him. We never thought him looking better 
 than he did at Doncaster in The Marquis's year. We 
 had a word with him on the grand stand stairs, and he 
 
Doncaster Moor. 
 
 told us of the death of Eclogue, and added, " Its an 
 omen for me" The foreboding was too true, as his 
 hour had come before the next May morning, and 
 three veterans in Yorkshire history, Sir Tatton, John 
 Gully, and Tom Hodgson ninety, eighty, and 
 seventy lay dead, in the same county, almost within 
 a month of each other. * 
 
 Each man sees and puts things from his own point 
 of view. The Learned Blacksmith merely esteemed 
 Melton Mowbray as a veritable Goshen of pork-pies. 
 The Scotch Minister wrote of his spouse that " she 
 was taken by a bilious attack from my bosom to 
 Abraham's ;" and Drunken Barnaby " saw nothing on 
 the banks of the Don save a lively Levite," and sang 
 not of racers and horse-copers, but - 
 
 " As all things come by natur, 
 Concerning looms from Doncastur, 
 And weaving done by w<?yter." 
 
 It is difficult for any enthusiast to get away from his 
 Doncaster theme. The Moor with its long line of 
 stands, its historical Red House, and " the hill" which 
 breaks the flat so beautifully looks more the real 
 racing thing than any other course in the kingdom. 
 The hill especially is big with the memory of Bill 
 Scott. Here, in '37, his horse Epirus (belonging to 
 " the remarkable young "un," as he always termed Mr. 
 Bowes) rolled into the ditch, and threw him into the 
 course right on the track of Harry Edwards on Prime 
 Warden. His collar-bone united quick enough, but 
 when, next year, he was on Don John, the first St. 
 Leger winner ever trained at Pigburn, and reached the 
 spot once more, he sent out his horse as if with a 
 savage determination to be by himself this time in 
 front, and Lanercost and every horse in the race felt 
 it " like an electric shock." The brothers Scott have 
 always been specially connected with Doncaster, and 
 
 * See " Scott and Sebright," pp. 327-334. 
 
320 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 it is no wonder that there is a regular rush from all 
 parts of the Moor at the Tuesday morning exercise, 
 when the Whitewall fly, with the white horse in, is 
 seen coming across it to its well-known post, two dis- 
 tances from home. 
 
 There could have been no finer treat than seeing 
 Blacklock go the first two miles in 3.37 min. of that 
 four-mile race over this course, in which he fairly 
 galloped the St. Leger winner Duchess to death. Old 
 Yorkshiremen may well hate to hear him and his 
 blood abused. They tell how he went four miles at 
 the same pace without a falter, reaching further and 
 further, as it seemed to their enraptured vision, at 
 every stride. His queer forelegs and short tail, and 
 " half-moon head," did not improve him, but his stride 
 was what they loved. Mr. Kirby used to tell us about 
 him, as he did of his dealings with the house of 
 Romanoff, and the great Scotch trotting match with 
 Lord Eglinton's father in it ; and once when we 
 sought for a little more information about General 
 Chasse, the old man rose from his chair, at eighty-five, 
 collared us, and made us support him across the room, 
 while he followed, lifting up his legs, to show how the 
 chestnut stepped on shipboard, when they had blind- 
 folded him, and he had become nervous by hitting the 
 doorstep of the stable. " Chasse" was a savage, but 
 there were many nearly as bad, and Major Yar- 
 borough wouldn't have Dumpling back to Heslington 
 when, after rearing, he knelt down and bit the ground 
 at York till he was absolutely beaten from the start- 
 ing-post with a rail. We do not remember to have 
 ever seen any demur as to starting, at Doncaster, or 
 to have heard of more than one of those extraordinary 
 waiting races, which sometimes occupy more than 
 twenty minutes, because no jockey will make play.* 
 
 * The present Duke of Buccleuch was quite puzzled when he once 
 started the horses at Dumfries, and each jockey had orders to wait on 
 
Doncaster Moor. 321 
 
 Many old customs have departed from Doncaster,* 
 and among others, the late Earl of Scarborough's, viz., 
 sending a subscription of 4/. every year to the race 
 fund. Those were the days of race-balls and carriages- 
 and-four with outriders, from the great county seats, 
 all freighted with visitors to the stand. The cup was 
 
 as we 
 were 
 
 the other. " Go, go!" said his Grace; but a walk was the only 
 response. " Go along!" " I beg your pardon, your Grace," said 
 "Sim," touching his cap, "when you've said 'go' we can do " " r ~ 
 like." "Oh, that's it," was the rejoinder; "I thought you 
 obliged to begin and gallop directly ; so good afternoon. " 
 
 * A few words will not be out of place anent the sporting antecedents 
 of the owners of the " Corporation Harriers," of which we read such 
 a curious historical notice in the Doncaster Gazette. That distinguished 
 body have always been true to the spirit of the couplet, 
 
 " God bless you, jolly gentlemen, 
 May nothing you dismay," 
 
 and put this resolution on their archives : 
 
 "27th of April, 1762, That the Corporation do allow twenty pounds 
 a year and a frock of blue shag, faced with red, for a salary for a per- 
 son that will undertake to hunt the Corporation hounds ; and that the 
 Mayor for the time being and six senior members of the Corporation be 
 a committee, to continue for one calendar month, to have the manage- 
 ment of the hunt and the procuring of the hounds ; and at the expira- 
 tion of that calendar month, the next six senior members, with the 
 Mayor for the time being, to have the management thereof, and so on 
 from month to month, to be continued annually from the first day of 
 May next ; and if none of the committee be out a hunting on a field- 
 day, the majority of the Corporation members present to have the ma- 
 nagement that day." 
 
 " Bill Stag," the huntsman, was equal to the crisis, even with alder- 
 men, on the subject of halloos, and very fond of training his hounds to 
 run a red-herring trial in the four-and-a-half acres of " Tryers' Flatt." 
 The Cookes, of Wheatley, do not seem to have been very genial in the 
 matter with Bill and his thistle-whippers ; as one of their keepers 
 was repeatedly asked, and not without reason, "Who shot the dog?" 
 When another velveteen laid impious hands on the worshipful Mr. 
 Solomon Holmes, and took a gun out of his municipal grasp, the Cor- 
 poration were fired with indignation, r.nd took counsel's opinion, and 
 wrote letters, and we know not what beside. Have their harriers they 
 would. 
 
 They turned a barn in East Laith Gate into a kennel, and built a 
 house for Bill hard by his charges. Such was the spirit with which 
 these merry souls went about the business, that in February, 1770, they 
 
 Y 
 
322 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 once simply a flagon of honour, which the stewards 
 were supposed to present to the races, and it was 
 handed round full of mulled wine at the race ball. 
 It was then washed out, and the clerk of the course 
 went the circuit of the ball-room with it, and it was 
 
 had a gala day of rejoicing when the first kennel stone was laid, and 
 "took wine" (a delicate expression for sitting the clock round) when 
 they signed the bills for payment. In fact, their hearts were so uplifted 
 with their currant-jelly prospects, that very shortly after the next season 
 began they scorned to see their Bill on foot, and met and passed another 
 resolution. It ran thus : " Ordered that Mr. Merry weather, of Ros- 
 sington, be employed to buy a good strong horse for the huntsman not 
 exceeding fifteen guineas in price ; that the huntsman shall not use the 
 horse from the ending to the beginning of the hunting season, and the 
 Corporation shall provide an agist for the horse for the summer season. " 
 This purchase did not turn out well ; but they voted their agent half-a- 
 guinea for all that, and trusted to other eyes. They seem to have been 
 very frugal in these matters, and in 1781 the hounds themselves did not 
 cost more than I4/. 4^. 3^. ; but, as they enjoyed a regular 5/. field-day 
 among the sheep the year before, the Corporate purse-strings may have 
 been seasonably tightened. These sheep-killers, by the bye, were 
 beagles, which came into favour in the I2th year (with a view to con- 
 ciliate the running and short-winded burgesses) ; and such was the 
 force of example, that, besides Sir Rowland Winn's and the Barmboro' 
 Grange dogs, which were prior to them in time, five other packs of 
 harriers soon hunted in the district. All was done well, and it was a 
 question whether the body looked more venerable and respectable, 
 starting with all their calvacade from East Laith Gate to quest among 
 the gorse bushes on the Moor, or marching to Church the mayor sup- 
 ported by eight ex-mayors and. three or four mayors expectant on the 
 race Sunday, behind the pindar and the mace bearer. All the burgesses 
 liked the hunt, and the tradesmen who kept trie hounds had many a 
 good hare in their pot. Poor " Bill Stag" began after a few years to 
 go down-hill. Like a degraded knight of old, his horse was taken 
 from him and his spurs choj psd off; but he followed the hounds and 
 Tom Bell on foot as long as his wilful brandy- and- water legs did not 
 refuse their office, and then he was found dead in his bed. After last- 
 ing just twenty years, the hounds were given up, and Mr. Wrightson, 
 who turned up his nose at them when he had the offer, established 
 what has proved the germ of the Badsworth Hunt, of whose first 
 huntsman, Frobisher, nothing is known, except that he "married 
 Widow Halliwell, the heaviest woman in Yorkshire," The hunt 
 was then opened with a concert of bugles in front of Cusworth 
 Hall, and as the sounds stole down the Don to St. Sepulchre's, 
 many an inhabitant thought with a pang of the departed glories of 
 their own Stag and Bell, or flung dull care and business to the winds 
 that day. 
 
Doncaster Moor. 323 
 
 not unfrequently filled to the brim with fivers, one- 
 pound-notes, and sovereigns. 
 
 Mercutio and Lottery were among the old cup stars, 
 and ran one of the most distressing four-mile cup 
 races ever seen at Doncaster. The start was at the 
 Red House, and some of the jockeys by mistake 
 raced in when they had gone the present cup distance, 
 and began to pull up. The people shouted at them 
 to go on, and George Gates forced Lottery once more 
 along at such a pace, that at the distance Mercutio 
 was fairly pumped out, and Lottery began to " crack" 
 as well. George, who was no great rider, took to 
 kicking, and Mercutio's jockey to nursing, which just 
 enabled him to get up on the post and win. Mercutio 
 was so exhausted that they had to support him into 
 the rubbing house ; but he came out next day and 
 beat Sandbeck. This was perhaps the most cruel tax 
 that was ever made on a horse's powers. Croft, the 
 trainer, had taken a bet of 500 to TOO about the 
 horse in the cup. He left no stock, and, in fact, died 
 not very long after of inflammation on the lungs. 
 Lottery was pulled out to defeat Barefoot, the St. 
 Leger winner of the previous year, only an hour or so 
 before he ran with Mercutio, and never was horse more 
 knocked about by his eccentric owner. Laurel was a 
 good Blacklock, and his Doncaster Cup week saw 
 three St. Leger winners, a Derby winner,. Velocipede, 
 and Bessy Bedlam on " The Moor." 
 
 One of the gamest but the slowest of the four-milers 
 was Lord Kelburne's Purity by Octavian, and she 
 finished up another remarkable Doncaster Meeting, 
 in which Humphrey Clinker (the sire of Melbourne), 
 Emma (the dam of Cotherstone and Mundig), Fleur- 
 de-Lis, Actaeon, Belzoni (the sire of so many fine, 
 brown, and forge hammer-headed hunters), and Mem- 
 non, all won, while Mulatto ran second for St. Leger 
 and Cup. It was the last race of the last day, and 
 run in five two-mile heats. Bill Scott won the first 
 
 Y 2 
 
324 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 heat on Brownlock, George Edwards running him 
 home on Crow-Catcher so called from his having 
 decapitated a crow, which alighted near him in social 
 confidence when he was in his paddock as a two-year- 
 old. In the second heat Scott led away, and Harry 
 Edwards on Purity, not fearing anything else, "flapped 
 his wings a bit," as he expressed it, as if setting to, and 
 ran in third. Thales won that heat, and Lord Kel- 
 burne began to be very anxious, and couldn't under- 
 stand it at all. He came down from the grand stand 
 for an explanation, and Croft took snuff in his quiet 
 way, when he was asked what he was going to do, 
 and replied, " 1 am going to saddle the mare, my lord: 
 theftm of the fair's only just beginning'' It was time 
 to begin with the third heat, in which Purity beat 
 Brownlock by a head, after a slashing finish. Still 
 the mare had not worn him down to her slow per- 
 petual motion level, and hence it was necessary to get 
 something to make a pace. Accordingly, as the chance 
 of Thales was clearly nil, his owner accepted 2$l. to 
 force the running. Tommy Lye worked away, and 
 as Purity's jockey kept tickling him up with his whip, 
 when he could reach him, Tommy's horse kept giving 
 a series of marvellous shoots, which were somewhat 
 puzzling at first to the little man. Scott tried to get 
 up between them, but failed ; and when he did come 
 in earnest, he made a dead heat with Purity. Half 
 the people had gone home, and Lord Kelburne, who 
 had backed his mare to win him 5OO/., said that 
 " there will be no dinner to-day" Officials were not so 
 particular then; but still it is remarkable that Bill 
 Scott did not remember that the fact of two horses, 
 which had each won a heat, running a dead heat, dis- 
 qualified even Thales, though he had won a heat, from 
 starting again. This oversight decided the fortune 
 of the day. Away went Tommy, and the tickling, 
 and the " shooting" began again; and although Purity 
 finished quite black in the flanks with sweat, and 
 
Purity's Five Heats. 325 
 
 could hardly be kept out of the judge's box, she got 
 home first and landed the Plate for "the crimson 
 body, white sleeves and cap," of Hawkhead. 
 
 We first looked on Doncaster in the mist and wet 
 of a Sunday morning, when the races began on a 
 Monday. It was then a long coach ride from Swinton 
 Station. Herring's picture of Attila was part of our 
 burden, and the Colonel's valet, who was in charge of 
 it, was telling good anecdotes of his master's mode of 
 shooting. That year some three St. Leger winners 
 were walking together in one field at the Turf Tavern 
 to wit, Blue Bonnet, Charles XII., and Satirist ; and 
 there were also two Derby winners in the town 
 Little Wonder and Attila; and all, save Satirist, 
 started. Crucifix and Bay Middleton were also at 
 the Turf paddocks. The sight of the trio was almost 
 as memorable as Blair Athol's and Gladiateur's mock 
 tournay when they marched about in a paddock, and 
 Knowsley neighed his deft over the wall. The Cure's 
 bolt in the St. Leger, two years after, was the only 
 thing of the kind in the St. Leger annals. It began 
 about sixty yards from home, and he seemed to come 
 right across the course, as if he was going to bury his 
 defeated head in the judge's box Mail Train's, in the 
 Cesarewitch, was a trifle to it. The Eglinton pro- 
 cession of Van Tromp led by Eryx, as they came out 
 with their jockeys up through the Carr House Gate, 
 with Black Jemmy as beadle, and addressing the 
 crowd, was a picture of itself ; and we never met with 
 such a model of a cup horse as " Van" was that after- 
 noon, or many neater little beauties than Eryx his 
 equerry. Templeman soon knew that it was not Cos- 
 sack's day. The stable had pressed him hard to ride 
 Foreclosure, but he had refused to do so, as he felt 
 sure that the bay was not within 2 libs, of the chest- 
 nut, and the race proved it ; though Cossack was very 
 short of preparation. 
 
 It was also a very " pleasant bit" when Tom Jen- 
 
326 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 nings took Gladiateur out of his van, behind the Don- 
 caster Arms, but fewer saw that So were Beeswing 
 hugging the rails as she went round the top turn in 
 the Cup as jealous as a surveyor, lest she should lose 
 an inch of ground ; Teddington answering to Job's 
 searching rowels, as stride by stride he caught Nat on 
 Kingston; Kettledrum flying over the hill in the Cup, 
 and twice the horse he was in the St. Leger ; Tim 
 Whiffler cutting down Asteroid at the Butts ; Jim 
 Robinson coming up, wide on the outside, and getting 
 level with Voltigeur ; " The West" and St. Albans 
 fairly romping home for the St. Leger ; the Marquis 
 just getting his head in front in answer to Challoner's 
 last stroke of the whalebone ; Lord Clifden lying 
 away, and then reaching his horses inch by inch, at 
 the Red House ; the thick fog and rain which fell like 
 a pall on the Moor, during Blair Athol's race, and 
 made men look at their fellows and wonder if it really 
 was the end of all things, and their hour was come ; 
 Lord Lyon, with a jaded, listless air, coming out once 
 more to met Savernake, whose middle showed that he 
 was at least two weeks short of work ; Hermit and 
 Thormanby refusing to face their canters, as if they 
 knew that defeat was before them ; and Formosa going 
 to the post with a skin like burnished copper, to show 
 the Yorkshiremen what an " Oaks, One Thousand, 
 and ' Guineas'" mare can do. 
 
 None loved the Town Moor "better than poor 
 James White, or "Martingale." Thirty years ago he 
 was in his zenith, with his book on " Country Scenes," 
 and as a contributor to Bentley ; and his powers knew 
 no decay. He was quite the Prose Poet of Nature, 
 and no man that we ever met with, was so keenly alive 
 to her beauties, and could word-paint them so well. 
 Edlington Wood, which seldom fails to produce a fox, 
 when the Fitzwilliam call, was one of his especial 
 haunts, when he was well and vigorous. He seemed 
 to know the haunt of every badger, the name and the 
 
* ' Martingale. " 327 
 
 note of every bird, and the genus of every wild flower 
 that grew on its banks and glades. He liked to wander 
 away from Doncaster " when the mavis and the merle 
 were singing," and regardless of the prosaic days in 
 which his lot was cast, take his dinner with him and 
 " have a word with the woods." Weaving an old legend 
 into shape pleased him best. The deserted hut, where 
 a poacher had lived and died, a very lord of the soil 
 to the last, seemed to conjure up in his mind a net- 
 work of dark romance ; and Sherwood Forest, and 
 Merrie Barnsdale were themes which never palled. 
 
 His racing writings were very numerous ; but as 
 he rarely left Doncaster, he was too often compelled 
 to take his descriptions second-hand. In dealing 
 with current racing topics he was far too discursive, 
 and pitched his key note so high, that matter of 
 fact readers grumbled, that after wandering through 
 such a labyrinth of fine words, they could hardly 
 find one grain of fact. His strength as a turf writer 
 lay in his " Turf Characters," and his recollections 
 of the Doncaster past. If he was not in the Gazette 
 office, hard at work at his beautifully small manu- 
 script, with his voluminous velvet cap on his head, 
 or in a chancel seat in the old church, or in Edling- 
 ton or Wheatley, or Sprotborough Woods, Doncas- 
 ter Moor was a sure find for him, and he was pretty 
 certain to be talking to himself. Seeing those races, 
 and the gallops as well, was his delight, and he gene- 
 rally stationed himself, from old usage, on the St. Leger 
 day somewhere between the Red House and the Hill, 
 to catch the first symptoms of the " pace complaint." 
 St. Leger after St. Leger was to him a scene he cduld 
 unfold with a master's hand. Every little incident from 
 the Duke of Hamilton's day had been treasured and 
 invested with significance ; and as John Jackson, the 
 celebrated jockey, lodged with him for a series of years, 
 he had an opportunity of " posting himself up" during 
 the week, which he took care to use to the full, 
 
3*8 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 s * Right sacred is our Ox's rump, 
 
 And history will evince, 
 If Fame deceive not with her trump, 
 
 'Twas deified long since ; 
 To Mithra's Bull great Persia bowed, 
 
 To Apis Egypt preached ; 
 To Baal's calf whole countries vowed, 
 
 And Greece her Bous beseeched. 
 
 * Like Britain's Island lies our Steak, 
 
 A sea of gravy bounds it ; 
 Shalots conms'dly scattered, make 
 
 The rockwork which surrounds it ; 
 Your Isle's best emblem there behold, 
 
 Remember ancient story ; 
 Be like your grandsires, just and bold, 
 And live and die with glory." 
 
 Captain Morris. 
 
 The Towneley Herd The Sale Great Sales of the Century Old 
 Favourites Mr. Eastwood's Herd Mr. Peel's Herd The Lonks. 
 
 THE Towneley domains, which have a private 
 station of their own, extended right down to 
 Burnley, and share with it in the discomforts oi 
 one of the wettest and rawest climates in the whole 
 of Great Britain. Pendle Hill, whose fame has 
 long been preserved in the not very smooth-running 
 couplet 
 
 Pendle Hill, Pennykant, and Little Ingleborough, 
 
 Are the largest of the hills, if you search England thorough," 
 
 rises guardian-like over the town ; and a long avenue 
 from the front-door of the hall points right away, past 
 the gamekeeper's cottage, to a range of grouse- 
 hills on the north. The Colonel's home-farm consists 
 of five hundred acres, chiefly grass. It is about one of 
 the last " bowers" in which a veritable butterfly would 
 
The Towneley Herd. 329 
 
 think of being born. The land is on a cold blue clay 
 subsoil, and the Government draining has done but 
 little for it. Harvests do not " laugh and sing" there, 
 as corn cannot be got to ripen on it one year in six ; 
 mangold wurzels will have nothing to do with it ; and 
 hence nearly all the roots and straw have to be pur- 
 chased from the Ormskirk neighbourhood. The herd 
 has had a fearful battle to fight, in order to compete 
 with the rich grazing counties, and but for the 
 undaunted energy and science of the farm bailiff, 
 Mr. Culshaw, backed up by the most liberal and 
 spirited of masters, it could never have stood its 
 ground, and brought so many great rivals low in their 
 turn. 
 
 Mr. Culshaw was bred and born at Broughtoh, 
 and used to run about and help his stepfather, who 
 was herdsman at Mr., after Sir Charles, Tempest's, 
 before he could even milk or fasten up a cow. His 
 peeps at the different herds on the banks of the 
 Wharfe had gradually inoculated him with a burning 
 taste for the thing. He was never weary of telling 
 Bob Gill, the farmer, that they ought to have some- 
 thing beyond mere dairy cows at Broughton Hall ; 
 and when Sir Charles bought Verbena and her 
 daughter Vestris, and he was sent with the latter 
 to the best bull Mr. Whitaker had at Greenholme, 
 his future destiny was clear. No ambassador to a 
 European Congress had a higher sense of his responsi- 
 bility than " Little Joe " that day. The cow lay 
 clown about twenty times in the last three miles, 
 but those toils and woes were forgotten when Mr. 
 Whitaker, admiring the lad's enthusiasm, showed him 
 all over his herd. He returned home repeating 
 " April Daisy? " Whiteface? " Pretty/ace," " Non- 
 pareil" and so on to himself, to beguile the road, 
 and at last ventured to speak up to Sir Charles, 
 who promised that he would go over and see them, 
 and take him again. The visit never came off; and 
 
33 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the appointed day dawned bitterly on the lad, when 
 after lying awake all night, he received a message to 
 the effect that Sir Charles and his party had changed 
 their minds. However, Bell by Bertram was pur- 
 chased on the Broughton account, at Mr. Whitaker's 
 sale ; and it was under Mr. Thomas Mason, who 
 soon afterwards came as agent, that the future 
 " Talleyrand of trainers " gleaned his chief experi- 
 ence. Twenty-four-years of his life were thus spent ; 
 then followed a year and a half with Mr. Ambler ; 
 and in 1849 ne came to Towneley, and, working 
 on the good material Mr. Eastwood and Mr. Straf- 
 ford had previously collected for him, he soon 
 found himself at the head of a herd which was des- 
 tined to play no second part in the annals of Short- 
 horns.* 
 
 It was in the Spring of 1859 when we first saw 
 Towneley ; and Vestris III., who won the first prize 
 in the cow class at the Paris Universal Show, when 
 she was only 2^ years old, was our first introduction. 
 She stood with Pride at the lodge byre, and a drive 
 of a mile up the avenue brought us to some farm 
 
 * Culshaw took the command of the Towneley herd on the 1st of 
 Jan. '49. While with Mr. Ambler he took Senator to the York Royal 
 Show, and beat Mr. Bates's Second and Third Dukes of Oxford. Mr. 
 Bates stood looking at the pair with his hat over his brow, and could 
 scarcely believe it. Mr. Eastwood had just sold his herd to Colonel 
 Towneley, and they were all at the low barn. The lot consisted of 
 Parkinson's Cressida, Madeline, Mantle, Gipsy (a famous breeder and 
 milker), her daughter Gem, the dam of Ruby by Lax's Duke, a very 
 thick fleshed one, and the dam of Richard Cceur de Lion, familiarly 
 called "Dick," and the yearling heifers Alice from Madeline, and 
 Beauty from Mantle. Buttercup was also there, in calf with Butterfly, 
 and quite feeble from foot and mouth, Bessy, six weeks off calving 
 Frederick, Parkinson's Lavinia the dam of Garrick, Lallah Rookh 
 and Duke of Lancaster. Jeweller was another, and so was the 
 yearling Horatio by Hamlet, from Buttercup, one of the first that 
 Colonel Towneley sold. Lord George by Leonard, from Birthday, 
 came soon after that, and got second Duke of Athol from Duchess 54th, 
 which was sold to Mr. Thorne, with Duchess of Athol, at 500 guineas 
 the pair. 
 
The Towneley Herd. 331 
 
 buildings on the left, which were termed "Jacob's 
 Barn," after a farmer who rented them. Old Butter- 
 fly, the first female, bar a free martin, that Colonel 
 Towneley ever bred, was there, but the days of her 
 glory were o'er, and she lay with her head low and 
 her quarters high on a frame. She was so treated 
 nearly all the time that she carried her last calf, 
 Royal Butterfly. Among her thirty prizes, she won 
 all the female ones at the Royal, and Culshaw 
 considers that she " should have a book to herself." 
 Precious Stone, a heifer calf and a great beauty, was 
 one of " Jacob's lot," and so was Butterfly's Nephew, 
 another white and with, perhaps, the broadest back 
 and breast we ever met with in a bull. He was from 
 Beauty 3rd, a half-sister to Beauty's Butterfly, and 
 was sold for 300 guineas to Australia. Royal Butter- 
 fly held his court at the central barn, and marched 
 out like a soldier at Culshaw's call. He was bigger 
 than his brother, but not less cylindrical in shape, 
 rather thicker in his flesh and richer in his roan,* and 
 
 * We should liked to have brought back Master Butterfly to the barn 
 from which he issued in successive years to Lincoln, Carlisle, and 
 Chelmsford, to vanquish Fifth Duke of Oxford, John o'Groat, and 
 Grand Turk ; but the wish was vain, and we could only dwell in 
 memory on that symmetrical form, which knew little or no change, 
 when it was shipped at the East India Docks, from what it was, as a 
 winning calf at Lincoln. 
 
 He knew no check to his victories either in England, Ireland, or 
 Paris ; and such was his luck, that when disease came among the cattle 
 in the French show-yard he missed it entirely. Mr. Strafford nego- 
 tiated his purchase for I2OO/. with Mr. Bostock, after he had beaten 
 Grand Turk for the first prize in the Chelmsford Royal Show-yard, and 
 he was taken off to the shippers at once. He went to Mr. Ware, of 
 Geelong, in Australia, and was exhibited soon after his arrival at half-a- 
 crown ahead for the benefit of its Agricultural Society. Nothing could 
 be more docile during his long voyage out, and while the passengers 
 fed him with biscuits, it was quite a diversion among the sailors to see 
 him answer to his name like a dog, and take so very kindly to 
 chewing tobacco. Unhappily, the man who went out in charge of 
 him died, and he showed some temper afterwards. The papers very 
 early made him play in the farce of "Twice Killed," and when he 
 
332 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 " perhaps more noble in his look." His thighs were 
 always wonderful ; and even in his thirteenth summer 
 when he entered the ring, " a mere shadow of a King 
 bull/' at the Manchester Royal, but with two cows 
 in calf to him in the yard, they had not greatly 
 wasted. 
 
 Box after box was then opened in the higher 
 yard out marched the grand prize cow Roan 
 Duchess II., who gave sixteen quarts a day after 
 her first calving ; Rose of Towneley, a future Smith- 
 field first, and Beauty's Butterfly going on steadily 
 for the next gold medal. Then we had the Chester 
 ten in pairs, Frederica's Rosa and Venilia's Butter- 
 fly, or " Master Butterfly's last ;" Alice Butterfly by 
 Master Butterfly, and Young Barmpton Rose by 
 " Dick," as. also were Emma and Pearl ; then came 
 Evadne from Emily and Violante from Roan Duchess 
 2nd ; and lastly Diadem and Fidelity, both of them 
 by Frederick. That strawberry roan bull, then ten 
 years old, was only a ruin, and we never saw his head 
 again till it hung behind Colonel Towneley's seat 
 along with Butterfly's at the sale lunch, looking down 
 with glassy eyes on the scene they had called into 
 being. Mr. Carr once claimed from the auctioneer's 
 rostrum, the premiership of winner getting for 
 Booth's Crown Prince, but in an instant " Joe" was 
 at his elbow, and asking him in the" most suggestive 
 tones if he " ever heard of a bull they called Frederick" 
 " Fred" was never shown, but the tenants used him 
 for three years, and soon found that they were getting 
 something better than their neighbours. The calves 
 
 rancorously persisted in living, they plunged him into " a very delicate 
 state of health," which was also a mere play of fancy. Eighty 
 cows calved to him his second season in Australia, and then he died 
 of a sunstroke by the roadside, after a long walk, with a stallion, to a 
 Cattle Show at Melbourne ; so he never became beef after all. He must 
 have had a rare constitution, as he was turned out among an almost in- 
 definite number of cows in a large run to fight his way for eighteen months. 
 
The Sale. 333 
 
 generally fell about equal in sex, and nearly all 
 the heifers possessed that milking specialty for which 
 his dam Bessy was so remarkable. Such were our 
 memories of '59. 
 
 Strangers and natives concur in describing Burnley 
 and the parts adjacent as a veritable "vale of tears," 
 all the year round. Mr. Jorrocks would have observed 
 that he was " saliwated by the wet ;" and profiting by 
 our previous experience, we dare not have obeyed 
 Mr. Straffbrd's " call of the house" without an un- 
 deniable dreadnought in reserve. "The Drum" has 
 been certamly a symbol of fair and not of foul 
 weather at To\vneley ; but be that as it may, Culshaw, 
 amid his other avocations, had made quite an Admiral 
 Fitzroy of himself for some time previous to the sale, 
 and derived much solid comfort from the deluge on 
 Sunday and Monday. There was quite a house 
 levee in the course of Tuesday afternoon, when the 
 cow-boxes and bull-houses were thrown open to 
 Lady Pigot, Captain Gunter, Mr. Torr, Mr. C. P. 
 Cell, and the other visitors. The entertainment was 
 more quaint than usual, and her ladyship "dallied 
 with her golden chain, and smiling put the question 
 by," as Culshaw suddenly thirsted for information, 
 not to say " paused for a reply," while Roan Knight's 
 Butterfly and Royal Butterfly's Duchess were under 
 review, as to why two Hanover Square cheques 
 should have been recently sent to Colonel Towneley 
 with certain names erased. 
 
 Wednesday's atmosphere was clear and keen, and 
 the sun went down for the last time on the first 
 Towneley herd with calm promise for the morrow. 
 Knuckles were busy on the weather glasses, from an 
 early hour on Thursday, and the advance of six 
 degrees to the good during the night in the one 
 we noted, had its setoff in a slight fall of snow 
 during breakfast ; but twelve o'clock came and de- 
 parted without any more bad symptoms, and an 
 
334 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 afternoon loomed at last well befitting The Butterfly's 
 Ball. 
 
 It is calculated that nearly 3000 people were 
 present. Messrs. Atkinson, Woodward, and Barber 
 showed up, as stanch supporters of the Towneley 
 blood ; Sir Charles Tempest and the Hon. George 
 Lascelles came, but they were not to be tempted ; 
 the two friends from Norfolk also steeled their hearts ; 
 Mr. Noakes allowed Mr. Freeman to have all the 
 "Kentish fire" to himself; and Mr. J. G. Wood, of 
 Clarionet fame, was the silent " member for all 
 Ireland." Mr. Dodds only looked on, and thought of 
 the firsts he would have scored with Grand Turk and 
 Prince Talleyrand if the " Brothers Butterfly" had not 
 stopped the way ; Mr. Knowles, of course, held " a 
 watching brief" for the Duke of Wharfedale, and 
 Mr. Thomas Booth for the Jeweller blood ; while Mr. 
 Fisher, as spruce as a bridegroom, had deserted his 
 Silver Beards and Golden Dreams for a season, and 
 received some very legitimate chaff on his taste for 
 ,' The Happy Link" There, too, was Simmy Temple- 
 man, scanning Rose of Lancashire as respectfully 
 as if she had been a first favourite for the Oaks ; 
 while the great Ex-Chief Justice of the leash was 
 surveying Royal Butterfly's Pageant, and wonder- 
 ing as to whether his favourite Indian corn had 
 a share in those plump proportions. There was 
 also a strong sprinkling of the small dairy farmers 
 from the hills, with their unmistakeable hats, and 
 of course one hand in their pockets, for the fame 
 of Barmpton Rose had spread far beyond Skipton 
 and Settle, even to Langdale Pike and Hel- 
 vellyn. 
 
 The beautiful condition of the cattle was on every 
 tongue ; and even those outsiders who, with very 
 good reason, distrust the " racing shorthorns" and 
 their breeding powers, were fain, after a turn "through 
 the nurseries," to believe the testimony of their own 
 
Mr. Eastwood's Herd. 335 
 
 eyes, that thick flesh and fertility can exist together, 
 and especially in the Butterfly tribe.* 
 
 Mr. Eastwood's career as a shorthorn breeder dates 
 
 * The heavy artillery, with the exception of that from Penrhyn, 
 seemed to be planted on Mr. Strafford's side of the ring, and we do not 
 exactly remember where the Whitworth gun was laid, when its victo- 
 rious boom was heard for Tenth Royal Butterfly. Mr. Freeman (foi 
 Mr. Betts), whose practice was very fine, took up his position on the 
 right of Mr. Strafford, and Mr. Wetherell looked on as the "Nestor" 
 of the assembly at his side. He could have told how the dam of 
 Second Roan Duchess was sold for 30 guineas at his Kirkbridge sale, 
 how his Barmpton Rose was sold to Mr. H. Watson and calved Butter- 
 cup (the dam of Butterfly) three weeks after she arrived at Walkering- 
 ham, and how he too had bred Bessy (the dam of Frederick) from her, 
 and sold her to Mr. Downs, from whose hands she passed over to Mr 
 Eastwood. Royal Butterfly's Pageant proved the champion price lot of 
 the day. She was put in at 200 guineas, and in an instant Mr. East- 
 wood covered Mr. Freeman, and had the 350, 400, and the 500. Then 
 came such a rattling cheer all round the ring, and Joe dodged about near 
 his red and white darling, and rubbed his hands, with a noiseless 
 chuckle. Then their firing grew slower ; Mr. Eastwood's measured 
 " and ten" fairly wore his opponent out. "Will you have anymore, 
 Mr. Freeman? Did you speak?" "No!" "And the glass runs, 
 and your last chance with it," at 590. And so three Royal Butterflies 
 from Young Barmpton Rose, Alice Butterfly, and Pageant, were bound 
 for Thorn eyholme, at an average of 413 guineas. " She handles like a 
 lady's muff," said Culshaw, drawing his hand daintily over the little 
 5^-months white. Captain Oliver needed no telling on that point, 
 and was not shaken off before 160 : but Mr. Freeman would not sepa- 
 rate mother and daughter, and went in boldly up to the finish, which 
 was 170. 
 
 Culshaw himself took hold of the halter of Duchess of Towneley. 
 Then came a very grand sleight-of-hand scene, as he played with her, 
 and deftly coaxed her to stand up at the mature age of a month and 
 four days, as proudly as if she was in the Royal ring for the ribbons on 
 her own account. It was an immense treat, and certainly we have 
 seen nothing like it, save Rarey at the Round House, or Jem Mason 
 handing one of Elmore's over a fence. Then "Joe" changed his tune, 
 and resigning the rope, he placed his hand on the loins of Duchess of 
 Lancaster, as if he was an anatomical professor, lecturing for the*benefit 
 of science in general and Towneley in particular, to rather an extensive 
 class. Phcebe Butterfly, a red, with a spot of white on the quarter, 
 was in consideration of its 1 7 days allowed to run loose, and with it 
 the female lots were ended, and in an instant Mr. Thornton handed 
 round the average of I23/. igs. 4^. for the 46. 
 
 All Mr. Strafford's assurances that Mr. Booth was getting a 200 
 guineas hire for bulls not one whit better bred, while here was the fee 
 simple of Baron Hoprwell, couH vot coax Mr. Mitchell, fresh as the 
 
336 
 
 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 back to 1843, two or three years after his father died. 
 His first essay was hardly to his mind, and he got rid 
 of everything, and started afresh from Mr. Henry 
 Watson's sale. " Which do you come for f" said the 
 late Earl Ducie, when they encountered each other 
 going the rounds on the Walkeringham sale morning. 
 
 bull was, quite up to half that sum, and Mr. Waldo stalled him off. 
 Then Royal Butterfly marched into the ring, with the white rosette on 
 his head, preceded by the bandmaster and two musicians of the Fifth 
 Royal Lancashire Militia, who had volunteered their services for the 
 day. With all due respect to that gallant corps, we do not think that 
 melody is its forte, and the duet they performed on cornets in honour of 
 that bull made our very blood run cold. He has known many proud 
 days in a ring, where, "after the first five minutes, he made every- 
 thing, save Dickinson's Prince of Prussia, and the mighty Soubadar 
 shrink into nothing by his side;" but it was "the proudest of them a','' 
 when five of his stock averaged 449/. 8j. The world may wax old, 
 and no man ever be able to say what Colonel Towneley can, that at 
 one and the self same time he had a Royal Butterfly with all his four- 
 year-old bloom in the paddock, and a Kettledrum at the post. 
 The real "champion of England" stood a few minutes while Mr. 
 Strafford declared that a five-guinea bid over 1200 guineas would be 
 taken ; but although many a man thought that he ought to fill a 
 five-and-twenty or thirty guinea subscription list, after such calves as 
 they had seen that day, there was only a respectful silence. " That's a 
 choker ; take him away !" The musicians assailed him in his retreat 
 with " The girl I left behind me " and after that stroke of genius they 
 collapsed. 
 
 Royal Butterfly's Duchess had mellowed into a cow of remarkably 
 grand girth. When a calf she struck us as the living fac simile of her 
 father, on a scale for inches ; and her huggins and loins are so beauti- 
 fully covered that Mr. Strafford might well say" She'll be one of the 
 pictures in my book." " Ninety," said Captain Oliver, but he stopped 
 at 1 80 ; and as Mr. Betts's and Colonel Pennant's agents fought it out 
 by tens and twenties to 500, the face of Culshaw, which had worn a 
 most blighted expression up to this point despite Mr. Strafford's 
 assurance that " the young uns will set you all going" quite lighted up 
 at last. Nothing walked more proudly round the ring than Frederick's 
 Farewell, with her grand depth of rib and well-filled fore-quarter, of 
 which she gave such promise, as, at loh. 17 min. p.m., on that Octo- 
 ber night when Culshaw "lent his soft, obstetric hand," and "The 
 Druid," watch in hand, at last saw this rich roan heroine of nine firsts 
 ' blowing her nose in the straw." There was a bottle of wine uncorked 
 forthwith in her honour, even without the aid of the "judicious bottle- 
 holder." 
 
 Every ring motion of Culshaw's was very keenly scanned, and he 
 
Mr. Eastwood's Herd. 337 
 
 " Well, my lord, that's hardly a fair question" was the 
 rejoinder ; " but if you like, as I'm pretty certain we're 
 both after the same two cows, we'll each write their 
 names on a slip of paper'' And write them they did, 
 and both wrote "Buttercup" and " Princess Royal" and 
 it was settled that his lordship would not oppose 
 
 was much more demonstrative than when we found him some years 
 after in front of the eland's cage at Smithfield, and deciding, after a 
 
 S-otracted survey, that such beef regenerators are "not for Joseph." 
 n this occasion he was very calm until Barmpton's Butterfly came 
 out, and when he advanced and patted her head all knew that a rally 
 was nigh. Flesh, hair, and fore- quarters were "all there," and so 
 was Mr. Eastwood when he came up under the sale waggon to give 
 battle for this fine combination of Royal Butterfly and " Dick." The 
 fight was short and sharp. " tfs against you at 300, Mr. Eastwood," 
 "and ten," "against you again," "and fifty," and Thorneyholme 
 was her destiny. Mr. Young, who was on the look out for Forth's 
 successor at Keir, took Royal Butterfly nth at 400 guineas, and at 
 Newcastle that very summer he avenged himself on The Hero for his 
 Worcester defeat. 
 
 The results of a day which will be a red letter one as long as 
 Englishmen love shorthorns, may be summed up in 71897. 7.$-., or a 
 total average of I28/. Is. >]\d. for 56. On reference back, we find 
 that Robert Colling has an average of I28/. 14^. \Q\d. for 61 ; while 
 Charles Colling, thanks to Comet, has 15 1/. $s. 5^d. for 47. It 
 nust also be remembered that eighteen of the Towneley lots were 
 onder a year, and seven born within the year. The Willis's Room 
 Sale, when 17 averaged 4817. 3.?., hardly comes into the sale category, 
 except merely by way of comparison with the average made by Sfee 
 Duchess blood on the two previous occasions of its being put up, viz., 
 Ii6/. 5.?. for 14, at Kirklevington, and 4427. is. for 10, at TJortworth. 
 Taking the greater sales in order since Lord Ducie's, they stand thus : 
 
 Lots. 
 
 Average. 
 ? <* 
 
 Mr. Betts's 
 
 63 ... 
 
 180 19 o 
 
 Lord Ducie's 
 
 62 
 
 150 19 II 
 
 Colonel Towneley's ... 
 
 56 ... 
 
 128 7 7 
 
 Mr. Macintosh's 
 
 57 
 
 116 12 6 
 
 Mr. Marjoribanks's (1857) 
 
 59 
 
 90 2 4 
 
 Mr. Ambler's .. 
 
 50 
 
 83 4 o 
 
 Mr. H. Combe's 
 
 63 ... 
 
 80 12 8 
 
 Sir Charles Knightley's 
 
 77 
 
 80 i o 
 
 Mr. Tanqueray's 
 Mr. Marjoribanks's (1862) 
 
 101 
 
 80 
 
 77 13 5 
 74 3 4 
 
 The average of the three leading bulls at Towneley 
 
 was thirteen Royal 
 
 Z 
 
 
338 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Mr. Eastwood for the former, which he bought for 
 130 guineas. His lordship was equally pleased with 
 his own purchase. Looking round the herd at Tort- 
 worth, some years after, with Mr. Eastwood and Mr. 
 Knowles, he stopped at each of them, and said, 
 " There s that dreadful tribe again /' but when his corn- 
 
 Butterflies at 2527., the same number of Dukes of Wharfedale, of all 
 ages, from July I2th, 1863, to Feb. 29th, 1864, at 697. 4^., and seven 
 Baron Hopewells at H5/. u. The six tribes averaged as follows : 
 
 s. 
 
 i Mantalini 105 o 
 
 8 Pearly ... 106 I 
 
 5 Vestris 3rd 103 19 
 
 9 Second Roan Duchess ... 179 II 
 
 28 Barmpton Rose 121 16 
 
 5 Alice 2nd 138 12 
 
 Having settled this little matter, we must run over, chiefly in the 
 words of one who knew them well, a few of the Towneley cracks. 
 We'll miss Royal Butterfly and Master Butterfly, and get to Royal 
 Butterfly loth ; he was from Parade by Duke of Glo'ster ; his head 
 was not first-rate ; he was a great fine bull with such a back, and such 
 dash about him ; he should have been a rich roan. Richard Cceur de 
 Lion, or "Dick" as they called him, had as good a head as was ever 
 stuck on a pair of shoulders. At the Dublin Show Mr. Baxter handled 
 " Dick," and Culshaw led Master Butterfly he never would walk, but 
 seemed to go on springs, as if Irish soil wasn't good enough for him. 
 Mr. Douglas's Captain Balco, a splendid bull, was second that day, and 
 " Dick" third. At Chelmsford, one of the judges said " he walks like 
 a gentleman, " and Culshaw nodded to Dodds at those words, and said, 
 " I've just done you." Grand Turk had not the" same beautiful blood- 
 like offal as Master Butterfly. "The Royal" was better let down in 
 the thigh, and was a little bit better in the back than Master Butterfly, 
 and his bosom was rather wider. His- breast wasn't so deep, and his 
 head was a little better and not quite so long. Dick was thick fleshed, 
 and hadn't a vulgar hair about him, and thighed down to the hock. 
 He gave Towneley stamp, thick flesh, true form, and mellow hides. 
 He got Young Barmpton Rose and Emma she was lovely and 
 Butterfly's Nephew with that wonderful back and substance. Then 
 there was Master Butterfly 4th, by him from Beauty 3rd, by Frederick 
 he was poor and delicate as a calf he went to the Emperor of the 
 French, and he had no luck. When Frederick was a calf, he did so 
 badly that they had very nearly exchanged him for a female with Mr. 
 Manning, of Rothersthorpe, but he was given to the tenants, and 
 Messrs. Willis had him for a time. From him their Lord Frederick 
 was descended, and the 1869 Birmingham medallist cow in a slight 
 
Mr. Eastwood's Herd. 339 
 
 panion brought him up with, " Well, my lord, how 
 much for the whole of them f" he only laughed, and said, 
 "/ knew what y oud be at in a minute or two : you'll 
 not have them" Mr. Eastwood had been to Killerby 
 from the very first, and his next step on getting But- 
 tercup home was to hire its red Jeweller, a son of 
 
 degree. He was the first bull bred at Towneley, and Butterfly the 
 first female, with the exception of Frederick's sister, the freemartin. 
 Frederick by Lax's Duke, and Butterfly by Booth's Jeweller, were out 
 of Bessy and Buttercup, both daughters of Barmpton Rose. Frederick 
 came home a perfect ruin at three years old. He had been on the 
 Bowland Moors. Mr. Eastwood saw his rare roan heifers at rent day, 
 and asked his price. The farmer said 8/. ios., the same price as Hub- 
 back, and Mr. Eastwood gave him a ten pound note. He was calved 
 on the 5th of February, 1849, and Master Butterfly was one of the first 
 calves he got when he came to Towneley in '52. He was rather high- 
 mettled and treacherous at times. He once regularly setatCulshaw,who 
 made a masterly retreat over the side of the box. 
 
 Barmpton Rose was beautifully filled up behind the elbow, and Cul- 
 shaw, who was then a lad, was quite "lifted up" when Tom Mason 
 first brought her home to Sir Charles Tempest's from the Walkeringham 
 sale. Her first calf was a white bull ; then she had a red heifer calf to 
 Mehemet Ali : she was a smart one, but she died at six weeks. Barmp- 
 ton Rose had head to spare to look at anything, deep and with fine 
 arched ribs, back if anything a little up, and a great milker she was a 
 good strawberry roan, not much bigger than Buttercup. Bessy was 
 smaller, and on a short leg, and much below the average for height. 
 She had such ribs and such a bag and head ! Princess Royal was more 
 of the style of her dam, and very gay. Buttercup was a sort of yellow 
 red, and like Hubback in her flecks. Briseis was another daughter of 
 Barmpton Rose. The late William Smith had her, and Christmas 
 Rose and Rosa sprang from her. 
 
 Norwich, in 1849, was the first Royal Show we visited. We took 
 Beauty and Surmise there ; one was the second yearling heifer, and 
 Surmise highly commended. Beauty was second again at the York- 
 shire, when the Duke of Lancaster was the first bull calf, and Ruby the 
 first heifer. Beauty the dam of Beauty's Butterfly, was a thick, heavy 
 fleshed one, with a splendid head and bosom and shoulders ; she held 
 her head well up and had thighs like The Royal ; she hadn't the thickest 
 of loins, and her offal might have been finer. She was the heaviest 
 and biggest framed cow we had, but she had not Butterfly's length. 
 Alice had a pleasant head, and " cheerful 'ticing looks" enough to fill 
 any one with admiration at once. She wanted perhaps a little width of 
 breast ; her hips were beautifully covered, and her underline so perfect. 
 She was a light roan, with a little on the neck and ears, of more than 
 the average size, but half a size less than Butterfly a great lady with 
 
 Z 2 
 
340 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Necklace. He was rather a short bull with a bad 
 head and a light neck, but with capital sides and 
 quality. His hirer was confidently assured in the 
 North Riding, that it would be "destruction to your 
 herd to use such a brute ;" but he wisely chose to rely 
 on his own judgment in the matter. Harlsonio, of 
 
 nice offal, and it would be well if we could breed a dozen more like her. 
 Her neck certainly did not let in nicely from the top of the shoulder, 
 but necks are only stews after all. 
 
 Ruby was a daughter of Dick and Gem, and she had a good deal of 
 Emma's style. She beat Butterfly as a yearling, but she had not her 
 style, and like Alice her neck dipped a little coming out of her shoulders! 
 The others were no use with them that year. Butterfly's breast was not 
 so deep as some, but her touch and hair was such that if a man was half 
 dead, he must revive if he could only get his hand on her. She beat 
 them all when she was four years old ; they couldn't keep their eyes off 
 her, and she knew it such grand mellow loins, and so good through 
 the breast ! Then she got a bit loose behind and looked a little lighter 
 than she was. She was a killer ; one of those ladies who sail into a 
 ball-room and seem to say by their looks, " Stand by I'm here you're 
 not in the same day with me !" She was so active too. She had to go up 
 forty steps one side of which was open to the sea at Liverpool when 
 she came from Ireland. Poor Edward led Jasper, and Culshaw Butter- 
 fly. She gave Jasper a good start and caught him up. She lay all the 
 way from Liverpool to Towneley, and then she knew the place and got 
 up and stared about her. She always lay down at once in the railway 
 box. Alice and Ruby found out the comfort of it, and there were 
 plaited straw mats in the boxes for them. Butterfly had six living 
 calves, and was very unfortunate with her heifers. She had a roan one 
 eight weeks before its time, by Frederick, and it only lived a week, and 
 her heifer, Butterfly 2nd, died in calf from lung' disease. Edward put 
 her by mistake to Gavazzi, and she had Butterfly 3rd, which broke her 
 stifle joint. Then she had a heifer by Master Butterfly 4th, one of the 
 very best we ever had, but it took fits. She finished up with Royal 
 Butterfly. 
 
 Master Butterfly went as a calf to the Lincoln Royal on July I4th, 
 1854. He was just a year old, as old as he could be for the Royal, and 
 therefore he was obliged to give several months away for the Yorkshire. 
 There was nothing but what was winning about him. At Carlisle he 
 beat John o'Groat ; he was not so heavy fleshed as The Royal, but he 
 used his legs more like a thorough-bred horse. He was first put to 
 Vestris, and she cast her calf early on. From a yearling to a two-year- 
 old he made a great stride. He left England before he was three years 
 old. In '56 he went to Paris, and was a month away ; we had four 
 there and got four gold medals the foot-and-mouth broke out, and 
 Voltigeur died. Two took it, and Master Butterfly escaped ; he was a 
 
Mr. EastwoocFs Herd. 341 
 
 Lax blood, had died just before of cancer in the nose, 
 and therefore Jeweller had no rival for the love of 
 Buttercup, and Butterfly was the issue. Bessy, half- 
 sister to Buttercup, calved Frederick by Lax's Duke, 
 and thus these two crosses produced the pair from 
 which Master Butterfly and Royal Butterfly sprang. 
 
 straightforward chap all was fish that came to his net. In colour he 
 was rather richer than Royal Butterfly. Culshaw saw him into his 
 horse-box at Chelmsford, and he went to Grays, and from there to the 
 docks. Red Butterfly was about the last of his get in England. Vestris 
 3rd was out of Venilia, and Rosemary out of Rosa. The former made 
 up best as a heifer from two to three, but she turned patchy after that. 
 Roan Duchess 2nd by Frederick, g. g. d. old Blanche 5th, was a gay 
 lady, with such a back as we seldom see ; she died worn out, and the 
 last calf came wrong way first. Some said that Blanche 6th by Frederick 
 was better ; they were nearly own sisters. Roan Duchess 2nd won 
 everything she could at the Royal and the Yorkshire, and she beat 
 Booth's Bridesmaid at Ripon. 
 
 In 1850 Butterfly and Venilia 2nd were shown at Glasgow, and were 
 beaten by a pair, one of which looked nearly pure Ayrshire. The 
 judges said that the roan wasn't good enough for the pair. At Alnwick 
 the roan was put first, but at Thirsk it was Butterfly first and Venilia 
 2nd nowhere. All three shows were within ten days. Hudibras, own 
 brother to Alice, came out about this time. He was a great leathering 
 fine bull, the same colour as his sister, but queer behind the shoulders ; 
 rather a long loose bull. In 1851, at Windsor, we had Garrick by 
 Gaylad, from Lavinia, a fine strong-backed bull, red and white. Butter- 
 fly 2nd was by him. In the two-year-old class that year, Butterfly, 
 Ruby, and Venilia 2nd were first, second, and fourth. Frederica, the 
 first yearling heifer at Lewes Royal, was sold as an in-calf heifer, with 
 Lallah Rookh, for 700 guineas, to America, and shipwrecked. Their 
 boxes were blown down on deck, but still Frederica produced a living 
 calf, and did well for Mr. Thome. The best prices besides these were 
 500 guineas from Mr. Douglas for Ringlet, the dam of his 5oo-guinea 
 Queen of Athelstane, as well as Maid of Athelstane ; iooo/. for three 
 heifer calves to go to America ; and the I2oo/. for Master Butterfly. 
 Alice, Butterfly, Frederica, and Vestris were all firsts at Lewes Royal, or 
 the Yorkshire at Sheffield in 1852. This would be the lot that took 
 Mr. Jacob Bright's timepiece at Sheffield the same year. Vestris was a 
 grand cow, but she had only one calf. She took a surfeit one frosty 
 night and it killed her. Ruby (dam of Jenny Lind) was the first cow 
 at Birmingham, where she took the female gold medal. She was also 
 first in her class at Smithfield, but a Hereford beat her for the gold 
 medal. In 1853 there was a great meeting at York, and Towneley took 
 six firsts and two seconds. Voltigeur was the first bull, and Roan 
 Duchess 2nd the first heifer calf, but Booth's Bridesmaid beat both 
 
342 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Neither Frederick nor Butterfly were born when, in 
 1848, Mr. Eastwood sold his herd of twenty to Colonel 
 Towneley, and when Frederick did come, it was in 
 twinship with Dot. For many years Mr. Eastwood 
 contented himself with watching the progress of the 
 Towneley herd under Culshaw ; but, like an old 
 
 Alice and Frederica. They didn't send anything to Glo'ster, but they 
 met Lord Berners' old bull Pat (who had won there) with jasper by 
 Jeweller, and beat him at Killarney. Jasper was a fine level bull, and 
 a twin like Dick and Frederick before him. In 1854 Master Butterfly 
 came out as a calf at Lincoln, where the herd took three firsts and two 
 seconds. Then the Yorkites got a dresser at Ripon. The Squire had 
 a first he was a thick, heavy-fleshed dog, still not so thick on his back 
 or very nice in his huggins. Hogarth by Booth's Harbinger (who got 
 many of his bulls rather big in their hips) was first in the younger bull 
 class. He was a deep roan and red on the neck. Colonel Towneley 
 only tried in seven classes and took six firsts and a second. Butterfly, 
 Columbus, Roan Duchess 2nd, and Ringlet (a calf then) were the other 
 firsts. Ringlet was by Frederick, out of Pearly. Ringlet's chief fault 
 was that her head was down a bit. Butterfly won the Purcell Challenge 
 Cup three times, and got it into possession that year at Armagh. Dub- 
 lin Show brought four firsts in 1855 ; and at the Yorkshire, Blanche 
 6th paid back Booth's Bride Elect in the two-year-old class for beating 
 her at the Carlisle Royal. At Paris, in 1856, Master Butterfly was 
 the first bull, and Pro Bono Publico the second ; Vestris 3rd was the 
 first cow and got the gold medal. She was only two and a half years 
 old then, and her first calf was six months old. Gold medals were 
 given for extra merit, and Colonel Towneley had four animals in three 
 classes (Rosemary and Voltigeur were the others) and took three firsts 
 and four gold medals. Victoria came out and won as a two-year-old 
 heifer at Chelmsford that year, and she and Blanche 6th, Roan Duchess 
 2nd, and Rose of Towneley made a great sweep at Rotherham. She 
 was a beautiful cow, and won her honours at Birmingham and Smith- 
 field, in calf with Gold Medal, which was sold for 400 guineas to the 
 Atkinsons. 
 
 There was little done in 1857, but at Chester the next year the ten 
 yearling heifers came out and were beaten by Booth's Queen of the 
 Isles. Frederick's Diadem was second, but Culshaw always thought 
 Emma the best of his lot. All of them had calves, and some of them 
 were in calf then. Royal Butterfly went and was highly commended in 
 the bull calf class, where Mr. Fawkes's Bon Gar$on won. It was the 
 first time that Culshaw ever took a nurse, but he made an exception for 
 this pet calf, as he always drank too greedily from the pail. He was 
 seized with purging, and had to retire from the yard under Professor 
 Simonds's care, but it did not interfere with his winning trip to Northal- 
 lerton a fortnight after. Queen of the Isles was beaten easily by 
 
Mr. Eastwood's Herd. 343 
 
 coachman, he still liked to hear the crack of his own 
 whip, and a small, but terribly select herd, of about 
 fifteen, with Rosette as its lady-patroness, has gra- 
 dually sprung up at the Hodder side. 
 
 Except where Mr. Peel joins in on the Sladeburn 
 side, the whole of the valley of the Hodder and the 
 
 Fidelity and Pearl, at Warwick, the next year ; and the former, after 
 producing one calf, ended her days as first prize fat cow at Liverpool. 
 Baron Hopewell's blood brought out a first and second in the bull-calf 
 class at Hull that year, where Emma, Royal Butterfly, Beauty's Butter- 
 fly, and Frederick's Diadem were all winners, and the Warwick heifers 
 replaced in the same order. Col. Towneley and Mr. Richard Booth 
 pitted the best lot of beasts against each other at Blackburn for the Cup, 
 and the former won. At Durham County, Nectarine Blossom beat 
 " The Royal" for the best beast in the yard. Save here and at Chester 
 and Manchester he never suffered defeat. They once thought Beauty's 
 Butterfly was in calf when the Duke of Athol ran with her, and in fact 
 she had every symptom of it. She was a month away with Rose of 
 Towneley on their Fat Tour in '59, and they took fourteen cups or first 
 prizes at Birmingham, London, and York. She was best in the yard at 
 all three places. She was kept more than twelve months after her 
 Smithfield Club medal, and won at Rugby the next year, without any 
 extra keep, at 3 years 9 months. Perhaps she might have been a trifle 
 heavier in the thigh, and the "dimple" at her tail-head, of which 
 Ptmch talked, might have been dispensed with. She was never weighed 
 alive, but her girth at her best was 9ft. lin. At last she was killed by 
 a butcher near Huddersfield, and her womb was found to be quite con- 
 tracted. Neither she nor any of the rest ever had a gill of porter (as 
 some people reported) but only natural food. 
 
 After this year, the showing strength of Towneley began to slacken, 
 and Romulus Butterfly was only second at Canterbury, and Royal 
 Butterfly loth second at Battersea. Frederick's back gave way early in 
 '6 1, when he was about twelve years old, and his last calf, Frederick's 
 Farewell, from Vestris 3rd, arrived in the September of that year. The 
 Towneley fortunes revived considerably at Worcester, where this heifer 
 won as a yearling, and Double Butterfly and Perfume as a pair. Roan 
 Knight's Butterfly and Royal Butterfly's Duchess also took first and 
 second honours in the in-calf heifer class, when Second Queen of May 
 and Rosedale proved barren. Culshaw's greatest disappointment was not 
 winning there with Royal Butterfly's Pageant in the calf class. She was 
 sold at the sale for 590 guineas, and died after calving. Ten firsts and 
 one second was the wind up at the North Lancashire, and the herd left 
 off in full show swing with Royal Butterfly in his seventh year, and as 
 brisk as ever. The Royal was a wonderful traveller, and Culshaw 
 always fought him with great pluck. He beat Prince of Prussia at Can- 
 terbury after Mr. Douglas had gone for the latter in Lancashire the year 
 
344 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 adjacent hills belong to Colonel Towneley ; and Mr. 
 Eastwood has about 1000 acres in the lowland, and 
 4000 on the fell in his hands. His flock consists of 
 upwards of 2300, and of these the lonks and cross-breds 
 stick to the fell, and the Shropshires and Southdowns 
 to the grass-lands and turnips of the valley. " The 
 
 before ; and when he had no more " Royal" worlds left to conquer, he 
 went to York to meet Van Tromp and Skyrocket, who beat Royal 
 Turk and such a large field of bulls at Leeds Royal the year before. In 
 his last circuit (1863) he couldn't go to Ulverston, as he went home with 
 his hind foot cut, so Master Frederick went and won there. Two days 
 after that he was at Lancaster, with his foot tied up, and then off by 
 night to Skipton, and the next night to Halifax. He then rested at 
 home for two or three days, and off to Keighley to appear in a winning 
 family party. On he went all night to Wigton for Mr. Clark Irving's 
 Cup, and beat Mr. Wilson's Duke of Tyne, who had won at Worcester 
 that year, and off all night again to Clitheroe. Thus he finished his 
 show course in the railway truck at night, and in the show field by 
 day and without a blemish. Clitheroe witnessed the close of the 
 showing, and the five that went there had each a first. At Wigton, 
 Mr. George H. Head, the Cumberland banker, offered 250 guineas for 
 Royal Butterfly nth, and Culshaw would have taken 300 guineas. 
 There were not many in calf to ' ' The Royal" at the sale, as the blood 
 suited second Duke of Wharfedale, but all the dairy cows held to him. 
 After the sale the four shorthorns which were repurchased held, and the 
 dairy cows missed. 
 
 The first herd won in fourteen years upwards of 2OOO/. in money 
 prizes, besides 22 cups, which included the Farmers' Gazette Challenge 
 Cup, which was won by Colonel Towneley the first three years it was 
 offered, and the Purcell Challenge Cup at the Royal Irish Agricultural 
 Improvement Society, which had been offered for several years and 
 had never been won thrice in succession by one breeder before. There 
 were also 26 gold medals, and more than a hundred silver and bronze 
 medals and other trophies. The situation of Towneley has always been 
 bad, both on account of " the blacks" from the chimneys, the countless 
 dogs which accompany the pedestrians along the open footpaths, and 
 the butchers and others who will handle the cows as they pass along, 
 forgetful that they may have been near diseased beasts. Belching 
 chimneys are coming nearer and nearer, to within 100 yards of the farm- 
 yard, and one where several tons of salt are burnt to glaze tiles, spreads 
 smoke like a thick white fog, and taints the air with sulphuric acid. 
 Several of the oak trees have died from its effects, and the herbage 
 suffers as well. 
 
 " The Royal" was born on August I2th, 1857, and he never showed 
 any symptoms of failing until 1867, when he had a sort of climacteric, 
 and it was thought that he must be killed. However, he got over it, 
 
Mr. Eastwood's Herd. 345 
 
 Shrops" are a new introduction, and at first only mus- 
 tered ten gimmers and a tup of Horton and Crane blood, 
 from the flock of Mr. Charles Holland, of Northwich. 
 Robert Parker, the ancient shepherd, who has been in 
 the Eastwood family since he was ten, has taken his 
 spud and spectacles, and sallied forth to make his 
 
 and although his thighs had wasted a little, there was still the grand 
 framework, as we visited him at Towneley on his eleventh birthday. 
 He drew himself up as proudly as of old when Culshaw put his arm 
 round him and bestowed some of his wonted endearments upon his 
 cheek and forehead. His daughter Alice Wharfedale's Butterfly, a 
 light roan, was at his side, and so were his Royal Butterfly 2 1st from 
 Duchess of Lancaster 2nd, Young Butterfly 2nd from his own Young 
 Butterfly in short, quite a birthday party round him, with Culshaw as 
 M. C. He looked likely to live to the age of Usurer and Rockingham, 
 and Will Edmondson watches him with the most tender anxiety ; "just 
 one more calf from Alice Wharfedale, and then, poor old follow, he'll have 
 done his duty." When that comes, Will yearns for "just another," and 
 so it goes on. Alice Wharfedale was repurchased at Mr. Carr's Rugby 
 sale in calf of Alice Wharfedale 2nd. Frederick's box was not deserted, 
 and there sat Culshaw on the manger, with the last of the sort, Royal 
 Butterfly 22nd, performing a sort of figure-dance head and tail and legs 
 before him. His only judicial comment was on this wise, "it's just 
 their way the Butterflies were always dancing," and he seemed to live 
 the proud old days over again, and to long to be "up and at them" 
 once more on a Royal Monday. Especially stylish heads told of Baron 
 Oxford, and there he was on the old parade ground, a very handsome 
 bull to meet, with Baron Oxford's Beauty arid Baron Hubback, to mark 
 his first Towneley season. 
 
 The Towneley herd is fast assuming its original dimensions, and 
 numbers between thirty and forty. The first purchase after the sale was 
 British Beauty, at Mr. Robinson's, of Clifton Pastures. . She is the dam 
 of Baron Oxford's Beauty by Baron Oxford, which took a first prize as 
 a yearling heifer in 1869 at the Manchester Royal and the Royal North 
 Lancashire shows, the only occasions on which she was exhibited. 
 Young Butterfly was bought back at an advance from the late Mr. 
 Crisp without her Baron Hopewell bull calf. Alice Wharfedale was 
 bought at Mr. Carr's Rugby sale, Royal Butterfly's Duchess at Mr. 
 Betts's, then three Duchesses of Lancaster at Mr. Bowstead's, Contord 
 at Mr. Adkins's, Baron Oxford with two Oxford heifers (from the 
 Windsor sale), and Wharfedale Butterfly and her calf Towneley Birter- 
 fly followed. The two last were bought at the late Mr. Packe's salt, the 
 cow at 1 10 guineas, or a 30 guineas advance on her Towneley sale 
 price, and the calf (bred by Mr. Packe) at 130 guineas. Alice Wb\rfe- 
 dale had four heifers and one bull, all singles, before she was six year* *ld. 
 
 Duchess of Lancaster 6th was the first great disappointment \lat 
 
346 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 observations on "these new-comers." He speaks 
 most cautiously, though, we may say, patronizingly of 
 them, but still he hardly sees why they should be 
 crossed, even for an experiment, with those cherished 
 lonks, the delight of his boyhood and the solace of 
 his old age, whose tap-root he considers as fixed in 
 the very dust of time. 
 
 The change of scene has wrought wonders with 
 Frederick's Diadem and other breeding recusants, 
 and "The Royal" has also renewed his strength by 
 the side of the salmon-haunted Hodder. The beau- 
 tiful Emma, who completed in Ireland what Rosette 
 began, and brought home the Purcell Challenge Cup,* 
 has gone and left nothing behind her, save Duke of 
 Bowland, who was sold to the Duke of Buccleuch. 
 The day of the massive, staring-coloured Esther, whose 
 cushion would have served for a cushion-dance, is 
 ended. The Hero, a fine framed white bull, with hair 
 a trifle sharp, brought back first prize Royal honours 
 from Worcester, and the ever bonny and buxom 
 Rosette, whose life has been a chequered one between 
 fat and store shows, and whose loves with Royal But- 
 terfly have been unthrift ones, was still there in August 
 (1868) with two daughters and a grand -daughter at 
 her side. There too, in the Thorneyholme meadow, 
 
 Colonel Towneley experienced in his new herd, as she flatly refused to 
 breed, and she was only 2 months 20 days above the age of the heifer 
 class at Smithfield. She was three weeks and four days on her Bir- 
 mingham, London, and Liverpool travels, and took the extra stock 
 prize for females at every place, and she was then sold by auction for 
 49/. TS. in Burnley. She went on to the weigh-bridge directly she was 
 jold, and had only lost i61bs., or just a pound per day since she 
 weighed out (2O23lbs.) at Islington, with Mr. Charles Howard and Mr. 
 Duckham as joint clerks of the scales. Culshaw might well quote this, 
 as showing the constitution of the Butterflies, and dwell with rapture on 
 "above a pack weight of good loose fat inside her," the fine blending 
 of fat and lean, and the weight of beef which was carried on that delicate 
 bone. 
 
 * Col. Towneley gave another with the same title, which Mr. East- 
 wood won. 
 
Mr. Eastwood's Herd. 347 
 
 were those relics of a great Towneley day, Double 
 Butterfly, Barmpton Butterfly, and Phoebe Butterfly 
 and Double Butterfly 2nd, which are never apart. 
 William Ward indulged in all the joys of anticipation 
 over a red heifer calf from Phoebe Butterfly, and when 
 that was over he led out the Witch of Endor to drink 
 at the fountain and show her Christmas beef. Then 
 came the delightful stroll over the drawbridge and 
 away to the stables. Heseltine was off to York with 
 fifteen yearlings, each led by one of the " Whitewell 
 Rangers," as he calls that fine clan of young fellows 
 who live in the valley, among blood stock, game, or 
 agriculture, and bear a hand when August arrives 
 with its pleasant York meeting holiday. Gutter 
 Sands, hard by the great salmon hole, in which the 
 Colonel delights on fishing days, was once the training 
 ground, b#t there was no hill in it, and how Heseltine 
 could ever prepare Doefoot and Rejoinder and win with 
 them as he did, was a miracle. Buttercup hit her leg 
 before the York meeting, when The Sawyer's running 
 with the Spy at Stockton told them that some 
 good things were in store, and she never could do 
 strong work again. Her dam Butterfly was barren in 
 her third year, and then she died producing her third 
 foal, quite a chestnut monstrosity by Kettledrum. 
 Water on the brain had swelled its head into the size 
 of a young West Highland bullock, and it took 
 eighteen " Rangers" at the ropes to bring it away. 
 The grave of Butterfly is in the hot corner of Lea 
 Wood plantation, near the gateway where Miss Grim- 
 shaw stood and brought down her twelve brace of 
 pheasants on a memorable day, and farther on we 
 reach the boxes which hold " The Kettle" and " The 
 King." The old horse's back is beginning to give a 
 little more from age, but one-and-twenty summers 
 have not been hard on him, and when he does go 
 there will not be a Velocipede sire left in the land. 
 Middleham still remembers how he used to go up the 
 
348 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 gallop, "cracking his nose," and how carefully his 
 tender heels were washed out with milk each morning. 
 The elegantly turned Breadalbane was full of spirits 
 and quality, and his attempts to dance a solo before 
 the Bishop of Nottingham were of the most graceful 
 kind. Kettledrum's white reach head has hardly a 
 peer, but with his stallion top upon him he looks a 
 trifle light in the arm. 
 
 From here as an interlude between hippothine and 
 beef, we strolled along the Hodder side to the farm, 
 and saw the twenty-three West Highland bullocks, 
 over whom Ellison presides, and which had a first 
 prize winner amongst them for the next Smithfield 
 Club Show. An active bay Clydesdale mare, which 
 had just won in a pair at Burnley, shows us her paces, 
 and then we visit the upper box yard. The mares 
 and foals to which it is devoted are bedded on the 
 proceeds of the fern harvest, which, as the valley is 
 guiltless of white crops, is the great substitute. Some- 
 times they and the foals both eat a little for a relish, 
 and thus rob the potatoes, as fern litter manure is re- 
 markably well adapted for " that esculent." The 
 mares were all stabled in boxes, with sliding doors, 
 which no chill winds can penetrate, and out of the 
 twenty-three a score had foals at their foot, and 
 seventeen of them by Kettledrum. Two of the " half- 
 bred" mares, Passion Flower and Hesperithusa, which 
 first brought out the " white with black sleeves," had 
 pledges of Cape Flyaway, and Honeydew had the 
 only black foal of the lot, which were exactly equal in 
 sex. Evadne, the dam of Evelina, had been found 
 dead in the field, and Corrivall, the dam of The 
 Sawyer, was barren. Mr. Eastwood had a very 
 tender spot for this colt from the time he first looked 
 at him as a foal, and though the chestnut was not 
 always i' the vein, he was sold for five hundred 
 guineas. There was a good omen the week we were 
 there, as one day Lord Hawthorne and Evelina both 
 
Mr. Peel's Herd. 349 
 
 won at Stockton, and The Sawyer was only beaten 
 a short head by The Spy, so that the stud won as 
 nearly as possible three races off the reel. The Moet 
 corks were drawn vigorously at Thorneyholme, when 
 the tidings arrived. It is generally brought by 
 pigeons, which are taken in by the carts to Clitheroe 
 in the morning, and there handed to a saddler, who 
 ties the telegram under their wings, and starts them 
 back. They make very short work of the twelve 
 miles, and come sailing up the valley, poised mid-air, 
 with many an anxious eye watching their flight. If 
 they don't go into their house, the saddle-room, that 
 great Tattersall's of the place, is in a feverish state, as 
 men and lads are burning to hear the home favourite's 
 fate. Oddly enough, on this especial day, the lad 
 was so busy with the York yearlings that he forgot 
 the pigeons, and Heseltine heard the news on his 
 march to York. 
 
 Knowlmere Manor is barely two miles from Thor- 
 neyholme. Nature and civilization in the shape of 
 fell and meadow have long waged a fierce strife for 
 the sovereignty of the spot, but twenty years ago 
 Mr. Peel threw a handsome Tudor house into the 
 scale of the latter, and forced Nature to fall back 
 upon her foxes, her grouse, and, we may almost add, 
 her Lonks. The valley of the Hodder is one of the 
 last places in which we should have expected to find 
 such a substantial tabernacle, and we could almost 
 fancy that some wandering band of Freemasons had 
 reared it in the days when Tudor or Plantagenet were 
 living names, carved their quaint symbol as a me- 
 morial on the stone, and departed as silently as they 
 came. To a lover of wild scenery, however, the 
 choice is fully justified. Knowl Hill is on the right, 
 with its cap of fir-trees, and in the distance the dark 
 Staple Oak ridge crosses the valley of the Hodder, so 
 dear to the Northern tourist, and looks down on the 
 Root Stud Farm. About 125 acres on millstone grit 
 
350 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 and heather make up Mr. Peel's sheep walk, and of 
 the remaining 355 acres at the Home Farm, Harrow- 
 field and Gibbs, about 50 acres are arable. The 
 estate lies on the western edge of the Great Craven 
 Fault, and the union of this limestone formation with 
 the millstone grit on the hill-side caused endless cal- 
 culations and searchings of heart both to Mr. Peel 
 and his stalwart bailiff, Henry Clapham, who ori- 
 ginally acted as foreman of the drainers. 
 
 Only one thing was certain that the grit would be 
 always above the limestone, and not directly in it ; 
 but there was no great comfort in that. A.D. 1844 
 saw the commencement of these fierce labours of 
 spade and pickaxe, and although the higher land 
 does not aspire to the glories of the Hodder side 
 meadows, which have been known to let as high as 
 seven guineas an acre, and feed off two sets of beasts 
 and sheep in summer, it has already brought back its 
 increase with compound interest, in the shape of 
 swedes, orange ovals, cabbages, and kohl-rabi. 
 
 Salmon, as well as horses and calves, have also had 
 their turn in the park, and a stream as pure as crystal, 
 from between the limestone and the grit, was trickling 
 down the now deserted beds, in which the ova boxes 
 were deposited for hatching. The stream ran over 
 the young fry for twenty-one days, at the end of 
 which they were removed to the first pond ; the 
 second became their local habitation when they were 
 yearlings, and they then took their start for life as 
 two-year-olds in the river. It was here that Mr. 
 Ramsbottom, who has been to salmon what Nesfield 
 is to landscape gardening, acquired much of the ex- 
 perience which he has brought to bear in Ireland, 
 Scotland, and Hungary, and solved the much-vexed 
 question to his entire satisfaction, as to whether 
 " smolt" are the salmon fry of the year before, or the 
 year before that. Of the merits of the controversy 
 we know nothing ; but those who feel dull when they 
 
The Lonks. 351 
 
 are waiting for the train at Clitheroe, and yearn to 
 know what a young " cock salmon" looks like when 
 it emerges from the egg, and is magnified 64 dia- 
 meters, had better stroll up street and look into 
 his shop window for some minutes as zealously as 
 we did. 
 
 We were first at Knowlmere in the days of 
 " Mountain King," who was then in his heyday, and 
 had just won his thirteenth out of some forty first 
 prizes. He made quite a picture as he stood, held by 
 a rod through holes drilled in his horns, and with a 
 fleece of i61bs. on his back, of which fully lolbs. had 
 been made since the 6th of May. Through the heart 
 and in the breast he was all that could be wished, and 
 the family failing of the Lonks over the loin was very 
 small indeed. This was in '60, and he died on 
 November I2th, 1864. 
 
 The " black mutton," as the Robin Hoods of the 
 district delicately termed it, has quite disappeared 
 from the Forest of Bowland since the fiat of dispark- 
 ing went forth. Those who just remember the 
 killing of the last buck have long since grown into 
 greybeards, and when antlers were extinct, the 
 curved horn of the Lonk King reigned paramount on 
 the fells. His prescriptive title among sheep may 
 be traced back for more than a century all round 
 the Keighley Moors, Pendle Hill, and along the 
 Forest of Bowland to Lancaster. Near Rochdale 
 the farmers are wont to cross with the Saddleworths 
 for the sake of greater size, and the blackfaced and 
 sometimes a Leicester cross comes in on the lower 
 lands near Lancaster ; but the Lonk never nicks well 
 with a Cheviot mate. Fastidious breeders consider 
 that there is a separate breed of Lonks on every 
 sheep-walk, and discern the difference not in the shape, 
 but in the lighter or darker mottle on the face and 
 legs. Quality of wool is a great Lonk attribute, and 
 hence Mr. Peel has never crossed his flock with the 
 
352 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Saddleworths, in spite of the temptation of the extra 
 size both in fleece and mutton. Width of loin is their 
 failing point, and by way of mending it, and getting 
 quality of flesh as well, Mr. Peel resorted to the 
 Shropshire Down. The experiment was, however, not 
 wholly satisfactory, and Mr. Peel returned with all 
 speed to the " pure unmitigated Lonk." The Knowl- 
 mere flock consists of about 220 ewes, of which about 
 seventy or eighty are drafted every year, and brought 
 down from the fell to the valley, where they are put 
 to a Leicester tup. The effect of this better fare is to 
 bring many more doublets, and except the foot-rot 
 (for which the fell is an invaluable specific) attacks 
 them very badly, they are never moved back again. 
 Their lambs are sold fat in the summer, and the draft 
 ewes are passed on in November to the Lancashire 
 butchers, and average from I7lbs. to iglbs. a quarter. 
 Such is their peculiarly tameless nature, acquired from 
 four roving years, that they will not bear being taken 
 up to feed.* 
 
 * The hill ranges of Yorkshire and Lancashire are believed to be the 
 earliest home of the Lonks. We find them extending north from 
 Clitheroe over the Forest of Bowland towards Lancaster, east by Colne 
 and Skipton as far as Keighley and Ben Rhydding, and south along 
 " the backbone of England, by Pendle Hill, Burnley, Todmorden, and 
 Bacup, almost to Blackstone Edge. The Penistone breed, a shorter 
 and thicker description of Lonk, then hold the hills, and Saddleworth 
 has also a large and plain sheep of its own, with a white face and legs 
 and coarse bone. The Saddleworth is a slower feeder than the common 
 Lonk, with which it is often crossed for the sake of size, and its wool, 
 which is worth as much, is a little closer and shorter in the staple. 
 Derbyshire has also Lonks on most of its hills and peaks, and its flock- 
 masters often go over to "report progress" at the Craven Show. 
 
 Where there is a mere copyhold fell-right attached to a Lonk farm, 
 the wether lambs are nearly always sold, but never where a flock-master 
 has a great fell range, as, for instance, on the hills behind Bacup. A 
 right of common is attached to many farms, and the flocks go mixed, 
 with nothing but the " Lonk Book of Marks" as a guide to the owners. 
 The old system of the flock going with the farm has been worked out 
 except in one instance. It very much tended to support purity of breed, 
 as now, if there is a flock of pure Lonks on a farm, the incoming tenant 
 will not give the price for them, and commences forthwith to cross. On 
 
The Lonks. 353 
 
 Mr. Peel's first herd was swept off at the end of five 
 years by murrain, in 1856. The disease raged without 
 intermission from the October of that year up to the 
 April of the next, and the Knowlmere homesteads 
 became one great lazar-house. A common cow, which 
 was bought in for milk, was supposed to have spread 
 
 the fells from beyond Bowland Forest to Lancaster there are Blackface 
 flocks, but some of the owners have lost on the wool, and have accord- 
 ingly fallen back on the old sort. The Falkirk Blackface ewe drafts 
 still come over Foulscales and Browsholme on their way from the 
 trysts, and sometimes wait at Birket Moor to gather a little bloom 
 before they proceed to Clitheroe Fair. Lonks in their turn have gone 
 as far as Sutherlandshire, and the Grampian ranges between Perthshire 
 and Argyllshire, and in some instances to Northumberland as a wool 
 cross. The cast ewes are generally sold at Moiser Fair near Keighley, 
 and four to five thousand of them are dispersed round the neighbour- 
 hood among the small farmers, who take one crop of lambs from them 
 by a Leicester tup. This cross knocks out the horn in the gimmers, 
 and makes capital hoggs, which feed to i61bs. a quarter at twenty 
 months on good lowland pasture, without any artificial food. Cots- 
 wolds and Southdowns have also "hit" pretty well with them, but they 
 have been but seldom tried. 
 
 Some maintain that the pure Lonk should be copper-coloured on the 
 nose, and have the face and legs of the same hue ; but fashion differs 
 from them on this point. A white face is generally eschewed as soft, 
 and any approach to a brindle shade as indicative of cross-breeding. 
 The blending of pure black and white is now generally endorsed in the 
 show-ring, more especially if the poll is white, and the white streaks 
 fall over each cheek. Lightness in the fore-quarter is a characteristic of 
 the Lonk, and, as in the Ayrshire cow, betokens good milking. Their 
 scrags are rather light, and their legs long, and the loin too often lacks 
 strength. The lambs shoot their horns with the new year, and the 
 wethers never go beyond one curl. Breeders make much of the horn, 
 and consider its strength a great proof of constitution. It ought to be 
 self-coloured and finer than that of the blackface ; but it should come 
 out low from the head, and with the same fine, gentle curl. 
 
 For cunning the Lonks are unrivalled. They are, in fact, always 
 working for themselves, with a zeal and sagacity which makes them 
 very bad neighbours. Small farmers buy the wethers from the Moor 
 by twenty or thirty at a time, and if there be one better acre than 
 another in a parish, be it garden or churchyard, the strangers very soon 
 make themselves tenants at will. Hence it is often necessary to 
 "hopple" them in spring time. On the hills they run up walls like a 
 cat, when they cannot take them "off and on ;" but a wire fence five 
 feet high is too much for their philosophy. A curious anecdote is told 
 about one which wanted to get back from the Ings to the hill. A canal 
 
 A A 
 
354 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the taint, and in less than a month it had gone through 
 nearly the whole herd. In the height of its violence 
 it seemed to obey some subtle law, as while it swept 
 all the east side of one house, two Alderneys on the 
 west side never suffered at all. Even when it attacked 
 the first in a row, it did not go on by rotation, but 
 
 was in the way, and the bridge gate was strongly barricaded ; but the 
 Lonk bided his time till a canal-boat sailed past, and then jumping on 
 to its deck, cleared the canal at twice. The story is true enough, and, 
 as our informant naively added, " What possible inducement could a man 
 have to lie about a Lonk ?" 
 
 Both ewes and lambs are very hardy, and a little cow near Skipton 
 might once be seen suckling four cades, and as proud of them as 
 if they were calves. Except on the fell tops, the lambing begins about 
 March 2Oth. Most of the ewes lamb on the enclosed ground below the 
 hill, and stay there three weeks. They are not especially hardy, and 
 require to be wintered pretty well with hay, if it is a snowy season. 
 Fell life for a certain portion of the year is essential to the Lonks, as 
 the heather gives them bone, and acts as an antidote to foot-root. The 
 hoggs are generally kept down in the lowlands from September to 
 April, and those which are meant for store or Christmas shows are 
 " fed from the post," and scarcely ever see the hill. For lean wethers 
 the quotations range according to quality from I/, to I/. ior., and for 
 fat from 2l. los. to 3/. Mr. Jonathan Peel has often proved at the 
 Smithfield Club what sheep fed below the hill could do, as his pen of 
 three prize shearling wethers once averaged 2i5lbs. each, when they 
 were weighed on October 25th, and their clip on April 4th had averaged 
 i libs. The celebrated show-sheep "Mountain King," which was bred 
 at Hould Top, and made the Knowlmere flock, was the grandsire of 
 this trio on both sides, and when he was in his heyday, his own fleece 
 weighed iSlbs. 
 
 A breeder of many years' standing once wrote to us : "I never saw 
 my mountain flock so full of wool. The average will be about 5lbs., 
 but it is generally 441bs. Those kept on the low lands will of course 
 clip more about 6 or ylbs., and some as high as 81bs." These calcu- 
 lations will, however, only apply to a flock which is well looked after 
 on a good fell range. The wool is long in the staple, but rough about 
 the breeching a point on which the Leicester cross improves it, and it 
 goes principally into the hands of the manufacturers of Rochdale for 
 blankets and the finest cloths. During 1857-65, prices varied from 
 iSs. gd. to 32^. the stone of i61bs. Three-year-old wethers from the 
 fell, when grazed out on good grass land, kill to about iSlbs. per quarter 
 of fine-grained well-mixed mutton, which a Lonk breeder would con- 
 sider it flat heresy in an epicure to rank after Southdown or Welsh. 
 With fairly good feeding and a fillip from turnips, 5lbs. to 7lbs. a 
 quarter more can be reached j but the sort cannot be ranked among 
 very fast feeders. 
 
Mr. Peel's Herd. 355 
 
 generally singled out the heaviest milkers for its 
 earliest victims. Crumbling of the lungs, which ren- 
 dered it impossible to chew the cud, was its most pro- 
 minent symptom ; and, although the lives of a few 
 were prolonged by the adoption of Horsfall's plan of 
 gruel and cod liver oil three times a day, only two or 
 three fought through, and were kept up in apparently 
 the last stage of exhaustion by iron and other tonics. 
 Old Pearl by Tom Steele (8715) withstood all in- 
 fection. 
 
 A whole host of Booth bulls The Monk, Valasco, 
 Elfin King, Sir Samuel, Fitzclarence, Sir James 
 have been in that hovel on the hill ; and, while Sir 
 Lawrence Peel and the venerable Mr. Armstrong, 
 Q.C. (who was spending part of his last summer with 
 his old Northern Circuit friend), prolong their drive a 
 little, we sit with Mr. Peel under that warm summer 
 sun, and watch the present herd, as one by one they 
 go down to the stream which joins the Hodder, hard 
 by the fishing-stone. Bashful is up to her knees, and 
 " a right-down, good, old, honest cow she is." There, 
 too, is Boundless of the same tribe, Basilisk (another 
 good one), and the big, massive Pride of the Isles by 
 Sir James from Bride. Bloom is there to tell of 
 Blush, which died at 21 score gibs, per quarter, and 
 Marion traces back to old Water Witch, through 
 Mistress Mary. The roan Banter and the white 
 Banana seldom leave each other, and old Balmful 
 keeps the top ground. Bride of the Mere by Horsa 
 has to keep the house, and oilcake is her portion for 
 Christmas.* We have seen odd markings a large 
 
 * At Mr. Peel's draft sale in July, 1861, Lalage by Prince Imperial 
 (15,095) from Lally, a pure Bates cow, brought 235 guineas (Captain 
 Oliver), and Duke of Knowlmere, then a little over three months old, 
 115 guineas, the general average being over 56/. los. The Knowlmere 
 herd has never contended for Smithfield honours. Three animals only 
 have ever been in preparation for it, and their appearance at the Great Fat 
 Show has, in each case, been prevented by circumstances so adverse as 
 to have given rise to almost a superstition on the subject. 
 A A 2 
 
356 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 belt of white, for instance, looking like a tape-line, 
 from the crops round the fore-flank ; but " The Bride" 
 looks as if one side of her face had been covered with 
 a white cloth. The bull-carriage is in the yard, but 
 Knight of Knowlmere is not in his box he is waiting 
 quietly at Clitheroe for a couple more shows, and if 
 there is a chance, to play out the rubber with Com- 
 mander-in-Chief before he rides back in state over the 
 hills. Malachite took the first yearling prize at the 
 Canterbury Royal, and he was eventually sold to Sir 
 John Sinclair of Barrock, Caithness, to cross with polls 
 and cows of the country, and many a good yearling 
 by him has gone to Georgemas Fair. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 " When North of Tweed and South of Tweed 
 Join hands at Waterloo." 
 
 Sporting Gazette. 
 
 Manchester Racecourses Heaton Park Thomas Godwin Mr. 
 Atherton's Farm Mr. Dickinson's Farm Great Coursing Grounds 
 A Visit to Chloe The late Mr. Nightingale The Duke of Devon- 
 shire's Herd Mr. Bolden's The Duchesses and Grand Duchesses 
 Sketches of Great Greyhounds A Waterloo Cup Day. 
 
 WE strolled out from Manchester to have a look 
 at the old Kersall Moor racecourse. The de- 
 serted Newmarket and Chesterford railway is nothing 
 in comparison. Part of the ballast is left, although it 
 is grass grown ; but there is nothing from which we 
 might guess the antecedents of Kersall. A church is 
 built on the top turn ; the run-in is quite effaced, and 
 no one could suppose that the trying down hill finish 
 which shook every joint in Galaor's body could have 
 existed in that troubled surface of potato enclosures 
 and rubble heaps, which now cumber the ground. 
 The Grand Stand, once so vocal with Tom Bland and 
 

 Manchester Race Courses. 357 
 
 Crutch Robinson, has wholly vanished, and there is 
 nothing save green sward within some thorn hedges. 
 
 We never saw it but once in its * glory, and 
 that was " in Satirist's year." Sim Templeman 
 was saddling Wee Willie, the first of the Liver- 
 pools ; and Bob Heseltine was looking after the 
 grey Bolus, one of the first of the Physicians ; 
 Jack Holmes was wasted to a thread paper for a 
 /st. I2lb. mount upon Kingston Robin ; Cartwright, 
 then quite a Nat of the North, twice donned the 
 Vansittart orange to win upon Galaor and had the 
 broadest of Yorkshire congratulations from John Gill ; 
 and the rough and ready M. Jones scored a race for 
 Lord Stanley on the chestnut Cornuto. Still these 
 horses were mere pigmies in point of fame to others 
 which trod " Karsy Moor." The beautiful Magistrate 
 with Bill Scott in the green and gold, and Mytton's 
 Anti-Radical and Barefoot were all winners. It was 
 here that Signorina slipped Memnon round the turns ; 
 that Longwaist, with " Uncle Sam " up, defeated Fleur 
 de Lis ; that Templeman got that marvellous head 
 on the post out of little fifteen-hand Catherina, which 
 " made history ;" and that Miss Bowe ran away in 
 a three-mile Queen's Plate from General Chasse, 
 who had to come down hill at the finish, instead of 
 having his favourite Liverpool Cup rise (on which 
 so many cracks had come back to him), when Jack 
 Holmes slipped in the whalebone and the Ripon 
 rowels. 
 
 The Committee had very hard work to secure their 
 late course at Castle Irwell. When Kersall Moor 
 was taken from them, some people said that Radcliffe 
 Bridge race ground would do. Horwich was also 
 anxious that the meeting should come to its Moor ; 
 Newton was ready to make its fixture for Whitsun 
 week, and it was only at last when White Moss had 
 been rejected, that Castle Irwell was fixed upon. 
 
 The meeting on the Irwell meadows began on May 
 
3 5 8 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 25th, 1847, with a dead heat between Louisa Newell 
 and Meaux f George Simpson on Sheraton got the 
 whip for winning the principal cup, and Tommy Lye, 
 who died at last with as many pence as he had once 
 had pounds, wrote regretting that a fall at Catterick 
 had prevented him from contending for it in the town 
 of his nativity. Peep o'Day Boy was bowled out 
 the next year by Swiss Boy for the Cup, and for some 
 time the Chesterfield and B. Green colours had quite 
 a cup patent. Legerdemain, Frantic, Black Doctor, 
 Longbow, King of Trumps, Rataplan (Qst. 3lbs.), 
 Typee, Underhand, Ivanhoff, and Ellermire have all 
 been winners over these meadows. The prophets saw 
 nothing in the future winning "pony," Saucebox, when 
 he was a Trades Cup winner, and Nat was never 
 more astonished than when he took his celebrated 
 leap over the rails on the perverse Iron Duke. On 
 September 2ist, 1867, Mr. Eastwood wound up mat- 
 ters with Rejoiner, who ran away from Merry Harp 
 and old Queen of Trumps.* His horses played a 
 prominent part when the new course was opened at 
 Old Trafford, as Lord Hastings came under the charge 
 of Arthur Briggs, and Buttercup of Watson, and each 
 had full liberty to do his best to win the silver cup 
 which the committee gave to the trainer of the first 
 Trades Cup over the new ground. They compared 
 notes the night before, and each was equally con- 
 fident ; but Butterfly's daughter made short work 
 of the "Lord." 
 
 * This hard-working old "charwoman" ran 164 times in her six 
 seasons, and won 42 times, or about every fourth time, which is any- 
 thing but " monkey's allowance" in these days of severe " competitive 
 examination" for the turf as well as the civil service. She first 
 appeared as a bad fifth in the Doncaster Trial Stakes of 1862. Oddly 
 enough, her stable mate, Moulsey, who ran his last race at Warwick 
 Autumn, came out at Doncaster Spring in '63 as a bad fourth for the 
 Betting Room Stakes ; and he retired about the same time, after having 
 run 113 times, and won 34 times. 
 
Heat on Park. 359 
 
 R. W. Procter, a Manchester poet, has told us of 
 
 " A party who went, on pleasure bent, 
 On a journey to Heaton park ;" 
 
 but the spring-carts which carried the " Rough Robins" 
 and their ladye loves on Sept. 25th, 1827, when the 
 park was opened for races, harmonized very ill with 
 the Duke of Beaufort's four-in-hand, or with the team 
 of six piebalds driven by Mr. Knowles, the coach pro- 
 prietor. There was such a crush, that at three o'clock 
 the gates were closed, and the scrambling through the 
 hedges did such damage, that in future no one was 
 admitted without a ticket, and then only on horseback 
 or in a carriage. Then the great question arose, " Is 
 a truck a carriage ? " and it was argued for the ap- 
 pellant, that anything that could carry was a carriage, 
 provided it were drawn by a horse, ox, goat or dog. 
 The best illustration as to how a " carriage " should 
 be drawn was, when " The Squire " brought Tom 
 Thumb there in his match cart, and gave him some 
 rare " steps out " round the course. He rode Catherina 
 against Chancellor (Earl Wilton) in one of the finest 
 finishes ever seen in the park, but " my lord " had the 
 best of it on the post. " The Squire's " greatest vic- 
 tory was on Rush ; and coloured engravings of it may 
 be seen to this day. For two years running, Captain 
 White, who was then in his Melton heyday, won the 
 Matilda Gold Cup ; and Becher, " the -captain with 
 the whiskers," after professionals had been admitted 
 in 1835, screwed in Jagger first to John Scott's amaze- 
 ment, despite his vile temper and a broken stirrup 
 leather. Earl Wilton had the cream of the Whitewall 
 riding, and Whitewall then meant the Westminster 
 and Chesterfield lots. His lordship walked over twice 
 on Touchstone, and won upon Hornsea and Scroggins ; 
 and he was also on Prizeflower, the great bashaw of 
 " cocktails," when Harkaway and Cruiskeen, the Irish 
 chestnuts, fell. Don John came on from Doncaster 
 
360 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 with John and Bill Scott, and Nat in his train ; Slash- 
 ing Harry and Miss Bowe ran the most slashing of 
 dead heats ; the beautiful Vanish was great in Gold 
 Cups, and the dam of Orlando did one of those " short, 
 sharp, and decisive " things, at which for half a mile 
 she has perhaps never had a rival. 
 
 About thirty years ago Lancashire had better racing 
 on the whole than Yorkshire. People can hardly 
 realize now what an event the Liverpool Tradesmen's 
 Cup was when General Chasse, Inheritor, and Charles 
 XII. were winning it, or when Harkaway first made 
 his appearance in England, and was beaten by Tommy 
 Lye on St. Bennett. Very few turfites went to bed on 
 those nights, watching for the mail guards to bring 
 the news. " The days of its glory were o'er" with 
 the Cup dead heat between John Day on Vulcan, and 
 Chappie on Rodanthe. Lord George infused such 
 energy into the Goodwood management, and Mr. Etty 
 was such a quiet-going person, that owners gradually 
 began to reserve their horses for the south, and with 
 The Baron and Van Tromp, its famous St. Leger 
 ceased to throw any shadows before. The late Lord 
 Derby's racing heart was not in his country. It might 
 be in the days of Verbena, for whose sake he always 
 fancied the Velocipede blood, but when John Scott be- 
 gan to train for him, Doncaster and the great Southern 
 meetings pleased him better. He cared for few things 
 more than going by the night train to see a trial run 
 at Doncaster at dawn, and we remember well, how 
 he seemed to enjoy walking right round the course 
 with his lot, at their morning exercise in Knight of St. 
 George's year. 
 
 During our stroll to Heaton Park, we called upon 
 Thomas Godwin (late head groom to the Earl of 
 Wilton), that fine old man, of whom Dick Christian 
 affirmed in his weird-like accents " Pleasant fellow 
 as need to be, and the best groom rider as ever come to 
 Melton'' He was born near Elton New Closes, 
 
Thomas Godwin. 361 
 
 sacred to the shade of Tom Sebright, in 1786, and 
 owed his education to the village school. Out of 
 doors he became a capital swimmer and skater ; and 
 his diving abilities were of such a high order, that 
 the " diving dog of Moscow " might have been jealous 
 of him. As it was, a Newfoundland entertained 
 some such feeling, and, seizing him as he rose to the 
 surface at about the 999th essay of throwing himself 
 into the water with the smallest possible impression, 
 very nearly shook the life out of him. When very 
 young, he entered the service of Earl Carysfort as 
 second postillion, and had such a nice seat and hand 
 that he was soon made second horseman, and dis- 
 tinguished himself early by leading throughout a run, 
 on Taffy, from Elton New Closes to Yaxley. His 
 lordship went as straight as a bird, but suffered heavily 
 from asthma ; and at times he would almost be hang- 
 ing on, gasping, by the bridle, till Godwin could dis- 
 mount and adminster the soothing dose which he 
 always carried with him. 
 
 One of Godwin's first pieces of sleight-of-hand, and 
 one that he always loved to recount, was drilling a 
 horse, which would never approach the steps of the 
 front door to be mounted ; and he seldom failed to 
 cap it with how he swam his own and his lordship's 
 horse across some flooded meadows, while my lord 
 took to the foot-bridge. The late Earl Fitzwilliam more 
 than once asked him to take a whip's place, but he 
 liked his present berth better. He gradually rose to 
 be head groom at Lord Carysfort's, and made his 
 first acquaintance with Lancashire by his trips across 
 the Channel to his lordship's Irish estates. The sight 
 of the Mersey never failed to elicit a word to the 
 memory of Vandyke, one of his master's stud, which 
 jumped overboard about a mile from Liverpool. The 
 vessel's pace was not great at the time, and the horse 
 swam in its furrow like " the bold shark," and was only 
 beaten a few lengths to the pier-head. He was none 
 
362 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the worse for his bath ; and Godwin, on the pretext 
 of getting him measured for a new saddle at Stamford, 
 soon after attended the great Cribb and Molyneux 
 meet at Thistleton Gap. 
 
 On leaving his lordship's service, he went back to 
 Elton, where he broke young horses, and there carried 
 out a notion which had long haunted him, of going 
 abroad with Lord Strathaven, afterwards Marquis of 
 Huntley, and Mr. Harvey Aston. His dancing abili- 
 ties had great scope while travelling through Spain 
 and Portugal ; and, in spite of his memories of Van- 
 dyke and Taffy, he took quite kindly to the muleteer 
 business, and enjoyed his new life all the more from 
 one or two rencontres with banditti. However, the 
 yellow jack cut his roaming short, and the doctors 
 ordered him home, Mr. Aston giving him a very plea- 
 sant berth at Aston Hall, in whose stalls he found 
 Minister and some other capital hunters standing ab- 
 solutely idle. He kept them in leaping-pole exercise 
 in summer, and sent them along very merrily for some 
 seasons while Will Head hunted the Cheshire ; and 
 taught his son to imitate him on a pony, which he had 
 got pretty sound by keeping him perpetually in bran- 
 mash boots. Mr. Aston's next visit to England was 
 not of long duration ; and when he left, he placed a 
 mysterious letter in Godwin's hands, with injunctions 
 that he was not to read it unless he heard of his death. 
 After a long absence, his master returned, without 
 notice, in the dead of night, knocked up Godwin, and 
 burnt the letter ; and then told him that the horses, 
 some of which proved worth 300 to 400 guineas each, 
 were to be sold. 
 
 For the next nine years Godwin stayed in the 
 county as the landlord of the " Ring of Bells," a great 
 house for funerals and weddings at Daresbury, where 
 he broke ladies' horses so artistically that their fair 
 owners would have it that he was one of the " Whis- 
 perer" family, of whose Irish prowess so much had 
 
Thomas Godwin. 363 
 
 been written. He didn't care what he rode ; and on 
 one occasion, when the doctor was making a call, and 
 the lad was holding his horse, the sight of Will Head 
 and the Cheshire excited Tom so much that he 
 jumped up and went well on " the unknown," in a nice 
 4O-minute thing. The doctor took it in very good 
 part when the horse arrived back with " an honourable 
 hunting diploma, such as I could never have conferred 
 on him." Mr. Hopwood's beagles occasionally came 
 into the neighbourhood, and were hunted by a pole- 
 bearing enthusiast ; and even Godwin was found aiding 
 and abetting them in treason against " Sir Harry, Will 
 Head, and the hounds," when a fox jumped up in their 
 faces, near an old pond. 
 
 Having his eyes pretty well about him, he pur- 
 chased an Irish horse for 2O/. out of a drove going to 
 Chester fair, with fuil warning that he was a hopeless 
 savage. Fighting and coaxing did its work ; and he 
 exchanged him with one of Sir Harry Mainwaring's, 
 which had defied Will Head, Tom Ranee, and all the 
 rest of the kennel division. With a good ash plant 
 and spurs newly rowelled, he commenced his task ; 
 and as sliding up to trees and houses, and planting 
 its forelegs against them, constituted a great part of 
 the performance, the pair had a lively time, to the 
 great edification of the village. The end of it was 
 that he could ride him hunting in a halter, and sold 
 him back to Sir Harry for ioo/., after a hard run, and 
 felt sure from his after performances that he was given 
 away. His little grey pony, the " three-legged horse," 
 and his terrier bitch, which, weeks after the night of 
 the robbery, marked the man who did it, by springing 
 at him as he called for some ale at the bar, were all 
 landmarks in his Cheshire stay, and through Sir 
 Richard Bulkeley's influence he was engaged to the 
 Earl of Wilton as stud-groom. Jenny Sutton and 
 Arachne (dam of Industry) were among his first 
 charges ; and it was when he stopped at Melton en 
 
.364 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 route to Newmarket with Chancellor and Bras de Fer, 
 that he had his first Leicestershire mount from his 
 lordship. This taste of old times made him rather 
 dislike the monotony of a life in the paddocks, and 
 from being stud-groom he soon succeeded Allen at the 
 head of his lordship's hunting stud. As a lady's pilot 
 across country he was first-rate, and he used to reflect 
 proudly on the brilliant riding of the Earl's family. 
 He always persisted that he knew many ladies whose 
 judgment was quite equal to gentlemen's with hounds, 
 and that they " mauled their horses about far less." 
 
 All his actions were quick, and his punctuality a 
 proverb. Sixty miles on his hack and a hundred by 
 rail, when he was looking after a horse for the Earl, 
 were nothing to him ; and if he stopped at an inn, 
 and went into the bar for a little warm beer, he would 
 drink it and fall asleep, leaving word that he was to 
 be awoke " in seven minutes." Training a horse for 
 his lordship at Heaton Park, and beating one with the 
 Whitewall polish on it, was a great joy to him ; and 
 he did not fail to have his joke with Mr. Scott about 
 home training, when he was performing his annual 
 task of driving him and his brother Bill in the Irish 
 car, to meet the coach. At these races he generally 
 acted both as starter and course clearer, and he had 
 very little sleep during that week. " Hard necks" 
 and " sensible heads," " great hind-quarters," and 
 " short legs" he regarded as the constituent elements 
 of a "regular napper," among which his lordship's 
 Brilliant, Cannon Ball, Roland the Brave, The Rose, 
 Pigeon, the Piebald mare, Spectre, and the grey pony 
 ranked very high with him. There was also the hack 
 Telegraph, which was sold and bought back some 
 time after ; and if Godwin had loved him in life, 
 his admiration of him rose to blood heat at last, 
 as he broke away from the grave-side and had a 
 gallop about the pleasure-grounds just before he was 
 shot. 
 
Thomas Godwin. 
 
 This story he generally coupled with one of Jebb, 
 the groom, who was commissioned to bring a donkey 
 from Heaton Park to Melton. At Chesterfield the 
 donkey died, and either for an excuse or under a 
 solemn belief that he was doing his duty, Jebb came 
 on the forty miles simply to announce the lamented 
 decease. In his heart he did not blame the lad for 
 seeing that journey through, which he himself enjoyed 
 so much each autumn and spring. His good nature 
 and jocularity made him quite a popular character in 
 the towns and village on his route. A more business- 
 like man never kept a stable key. He gave his horses 
 a good deal of work before his lordship rode them, 
 and after a very hard day a few drachms of aloes, but 
 always on their return from hunting as much warm 
 water as they would drink. Oatmeal he detested, 
 owing to the trouble he once had with a pony from 
 using it too freely ; and he seldom physicked a horse 
 without flinging him a batten of straw for him to pick 
 over and keep himself in action with. He rode long 
 in the stirrup, and always holding his snaffle rein 
 shorter than his curb, and with the heel of his hunting 
 boots not deep, but remarkably extensive ; and his 
 mode of getting on horseback was exactly the reverse 
 of Rarey's. When his day was over, his noble master 
 pensioned him handsomely, and he lived in Heaton 
 Park, in a little house near the old course.. When we 
 saw him he was seventy-two, and he seemed to be fail- 
 ing fast. He did not live much more than two years, 
 and died at Melton during one of his annual visits to 
 the old spot, whose cemetery holds the remains of this 
 right good and faithful servant. 
 
 Chapel House lies five miles from Liverpool, on the 
 Aigburth and Garston road, about a quarter of a 
 mile from the banks of the Mersey, which bounds it 
 on one side. The Welsh hills tower above the woods 
 of Hooton and Eastham, which run down nearly to 
 the opposite shore ; steamboats go churning on their 
 
366 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 way, and sloops with " their top-gallants set, and their 
 streamers unfurled," come dropping down with their 
 heavy cargoes of coal and rock-salt from the gloomy 
 treasure-houses of Runcorn and Warrington. The 
 farm is almost on a dead level, and laid out in seven 
 fields of nearly thirty acres each. It was originally a 
 rabbit warren, and was eventually purchased by Mr. 
 Richard Watt, the owner of Blacklock and Altisidora. 
 "Time works wonders," and in 1857 three societies 
 awarded Mr. Atherton a prize for the best cultivated 
 farm. His great shorthorn sale was in the July of 
 1862. Three Grand Dukes made 75O/. 15^., the 7th, 
 by the 3rd from Grand Duchess 4th, going at 320 
 guineas to Captain Oliver, and the 3rd at 195 guineas 
 to his neighbour Mr. Robarts. Six Cherry Duchesses 
 made 696^ 3^., and of these Cherry Duchess 7th (205 
 guineas) went to Lord Penrhyn.* 
 
 Mr. Atherton's farm was tenanted for twenty years 
 by his father (who is now at Mount Pleasant, a larger 
 farm close by), and comprises about two hundred 
 acres. Potatoes, wheat, and barley form the crop 
 rotation, and the facilities for getting manure afford 
 every inducement to farm high. There is a great 
 market for hay and straw, and it is Mr. Atherton's 
 general practice to sell the first crop of hay, and use 
 the second for his stock. Speke farming has always 
 
 * Mr. Atherton has both bred largely and had several shorthorns of 
 much value through his hands. The brothers Robert and Thomas 
 Bell, who had left Kirklevington after the great sale, came to reside in 
 his neighbourhood, and gave him the first start with pure blood. A lot 
 of heifers, with Marquis of Speke (13,307), and then Cherry Duke 2nd 
 (which he got from Mr. Bolden) to serve them, brought the herd to 50 
 strong, and these were sold in March '58 for nearly 337. a piece. 
 Cherry Duke 2nd headed the bulls, and was bought by Mr. George 
 Shepherd's son, a mere boy, for 205 guineas ; he did good service at 
 Shethin, and went thence to Rossie Priory, Inchture. Mr. Atherton's 
 second start was with Gwynnes from Mr. Caddy, and Wild Eyes from 
 Messrs. Barthropp and Crisp ; these were augmented by the Springfield 
 Duchess, Cherry, and Finella purchases. Czarovitz (17,654) was 
 bought from Knowlmere Manor. Moss Rose (which he successfully 
 
Mr. At her tori s Farm. 367 
 
 had a great character, and in the Report of the Man- 
 chester and Liverpool Society for 1853 (the year after 
 Mr. Atherton succeeded his father at Chapel House), 
 his neighbour, Mr. John Cartwright, appears as the 
 prize-taker for the best cultivated farm of not less than 
 150 acres, and Mr. William Ashton for that between 
 60 and 100 ; while Mr. James Langshaw has a prize 
 for laying down land to grass, and Mr. Atherton for 
 mangold wurzel, swedes, and yellow globes. Plenty 
 of medals and money were brought home by them and 
 Mrs. Edwards in the intervening nine years ; but '61 
 found both Mr. Atherton and Mr. Cartwright with 
 prizes for laying down land to grass, and the former 
 with a sub-soiling prize as well. 
 
 A sight of the capital midden with its 600 to 700 
 tons of " ripe, rotten dung," speaks both to eye and 
 nose of mangolds, with nearly 44 tons to the acre, and 
 turnips with 42^. Kooria Mooria guano is also called 
 in aid, and applied very freely by hand to the turnips 
 after the potatoes are taken away. Mr. Atherton has 
 been rather fond of the latter combination of green 
 crops. The potatoes are planted in March in drills, 
 and then ridged up ; in May or June a ridge of turnips 
 is sown at the side of the drill ; and in the latter end 
 of June the early potatoes are taken out and sold, and 
 the turnips remain. It was for a crop grown on this 
 
 exhibited) and another heifer or two came from Wetherby, and with 
 them the Duke of Wetherby (17,753), the first-born of Duchess 77th, 
 on hire. After a short season with him a second sale took place in '62, 
 the 51 averaging 6jL $s. &/. Since then Mr. Atherton has never 
 lacked a good animal. In '64 he bought Mr. Mark Stewart's two 
 heifers of the Cherry tribe, and one of them, Southwick Cherry Flower, 
 illustrates the i8th vol. of the Herd Book. He also bought some of 
 the Kirklevingtons, which he has recently sold at a large profit to Mr. 
 Pavin Davies. The American bull Lord Oxford 2nd (20,215) was pur- 
 chased by him soon after landing in '62 ; after nearly four years use he 
 was exchanged for Imperial Oxford (18,084), who died in a short time, 
 and was replaced by Thirteenth Duke of Oxford (21,604) (bred at 
 Holker), from Killow. The latter has lately been sold with some 
 heifers to Mr. Edgar Musgrove. 
 
368 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 principle that Mr. Atherton won a turnip prize* for 
 two years in succession. 
 
 A ride of twenty miles, with a couple of changes, 
 amid a network of railways which it is hopeless to 
 unravel on paper, found us at the Pimbo-lane station, 
 about a quarter of a mile from Mr. Dickinson's Bal- 
 cony Farm. It lies at Upholland, about four miles 
 west of Wigan, and it is now the property of the Mar- 
 quis de Rothwell, of Sharpies Hall, near Bolton. 
 The stone-mullion windows and the comfortable 
 entrance-hall, all mark the old manor house ; and the 
 Derby crest of the eagle and child is still decipherable 
 on the front. In extent the farm is a mere garden of 
 112 acres, and in such a cold and rainy spot, that 
 when Mr. Dickinson took to it in 1838, it had been 
 untenanted for a whole year. There was not a road 
 on it ; it was all undrained, and with hardly a service- 
 able fence, and very little wood except a few " hedge- 
 hog trees" upon wide caps with a crooked ditch, and 
 divers rows of stumps which required clearing. The 
 prospect was not enlivening, and the croakers were in 
 great force when they caught the new tenant at the 
 market ordinary. The most sanguine of them kindly 
 gave him a year, and the majority of them six months. 
 Most men would have thrown up the cards in despair 
 (and no blame to them either), but Mr. Dickinson 
 would not flinch. Fifteen years of steady, unresting 
 diligence brought its reward, and in 1853 he was 
 enabled to claim, at the first time of asking, the Man- 
 chester and Liverpool Agricultural Society's prize for 
 "the best cultivated farm between zooand 150 acres;" 
 and again in 1861, the earliest season for making a 
 reclaim. In the interval between the two awards, he 
 
 * Several other prizes, including the Centenary one given by the 
 Manchester and Liverpool Society, with a challenge cup of 20 guineas, 
 for the best cultivated farm in 1867, against eleven competitors, have 
 fallen to Mr. Atherton's lot. 
 
Mr. Dickinsons fiarm. 369 
 
 had drained no less than 2600 rods with two and two 
 and a half-inch pipe tiles from three to five feet deep, 
 besides carting the tiles seven miles ; and when we 
 add, that he had stubbed up 720 yards of old fences, 
 and drained the ditches with four-inch pipes, and 
 planted 1030 yards of new fences, and the whole at his 
 own expense, with the exception of the quicks and 
 planting, we have a pretty good proof of what Saxon 
 perseverance can do.* 
 
 * It was eight or nine years before he thought of shorthorns, and 
 when he did speculate in a bull-calf it could get no stock. The second 
 did not fare much better, as, after keeping it six months, it died off at a 
 day's notice. So far, so bad ; but nothing daunted, he went again to 
 the same herd (Mr. Birchall's, of Ribbleton Hall), and returned on 
 that occasion with Louisa and two bull calves. Louisa gained an H. C. 
 at the Liverpool and Manchester Show, but she would not breed to 
 Statesman, and then Mr. Birchall presented him, to make up for his 
 previous ill-luck, with Tipton (12,228) by Brewster (7847), as a mate 
 for her. From this lucky cross (which was the turning point of the Up- 
 holland herd) came Tipton Slasher (13,888), Amelia (the dam of Prince 
 of Prussia, and Duke of Holland), and the Duchess of Lancaster ; and 
 then Louisa considered her mission accomplished. 
 
 Lancashire had hitherto bounded Mr. Dickinson's journeys, but he 
 could not resist a peep at the Fawsley sale, and returned with the ten 
 months' Pope's Eye (15,071), by Duke of Cambridge (12,742), from 
 Smockfrock, by Earl of Dublin (10,178). Never were 45 guineas better 
 laid out ; and Prince of Prussia, in 1857, and Duke of Holland, in 1858, 
 were the results of the cross with Amelia, but, as if to square matters, 
 their own brother died in 1860, when he was four days old, and she 
 cast an own sister to them in the following year. 
 
 Mr. Dickinson began as an exhibitor at the little Upholland gather- 
 ing ; but he got well beaten at first, and could do nothing until he sent 
 Louisa into the ring. His first Liverpool and Manchester prize was at 
 Warrington in 1853, when " Tipton" beat a large field for the yearling 
 bull prize. Amelia was also a great winner both, at this Society and 
 others in the district ; and among her fifteen prizes she could count 
 one as " best cow or heifer in the yard," at Southport ; and that for the 
 11 best tenant farmers' cow or heifer" twice over at the North Lancashire. 
 So far Mr. Dickinson has nearly 5oo/. to his credit side in prizes, and of 
 these 7o/. (and five silver medals) were contributed by Prince of 
 Prussia. This bull was never shown till he was a yearling, and, except 
 when he thrice met Royal Butterfly, and one of Mr. Ambler's (once), 
 he never missed a first prize. It was rather hard lines to have Towneley 
 in such especial force at the time, but still a second to such a bull at the 
 Royal, with the first animal he ever showed there, and a third in the 
 
 B B 
 
3 70 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 But we have had enough beef for the present, and 
 as Lytham is so near we must be off after the grey- 
 hounds. The year of memory with modern coursers 
 goes back principally to Mr. Nightingale's rise and 
 steady reign at the head of coursing judges. In Craven 
 the young fellows take to the sport by nature. Mr. 
 Greenwood of Bank Newton, near Gargrave, was Mr. 
 Nightingale's chief instructor, and the pupil could 
 soon stand without holding, and judged his maiden 
 public course, in 1831, at Mr. Legh of Lyme's. In due 
 time his scarlet was seen at the Waterloo, and he 
 judged there eighteen times in twenty-one years. In 
 one of the other three, he was elected, but declined 
 to give up the Roman Camp. During that period 
 Speculation was a cup winner under Mr. McGeorge, 
 and Cerito under Mr. Watson and Mr. Bennett. Mr. 
 Nightingale's jurisdiction began with Fly, and ended 
 with that " merry dog" King Lear. This was his last 
 public course, and as Sunbeam ran up, he had the 
 consolation of feeling when illness began at last to lay 
 its iron grip on his sturdy frame, that he had " left off 
 with two good ones." King Lear was the freshest, 
 and led to his hare, wrenched, and turned her. Sun- 
 beam then got in, wrenched, and killed so soon, that 
 nothing under two more good points could have 
 changed the shout from "Fawn!" to " Red /" 
 
 There used to be sad dodging with stewards on 
 some coursing fields, and a judge could only sit on his 
 saddle and bear it. Stewards would wilfully shift the 
 beating on to plough when a " dangerous stranger" 
 had to be knocked out of time. Partisans would 
 " steady" the hare by getting, at such a crisis, between 
 her and a plantation or sough, so as to make the 
 
 same class the next year, behind two like Skyrocket and Royal Turk, is 
 (as the disappointed candidate always observes on the hustings) " even 
 more than a victory." Prince of Prussia was sold after the Canterbury 
 Royal for 200 guineas to go to Australia. 
 
Great Coursing Grounds. 371 
 
 course as long as possible. Ground, where it was 
 almost impossible to kill a hare, has been selected for 
 a bye ; and once, to the judge's bitter indignation, the 
 beaters were actually ordered back a mile, that " a 
 very dangerous stranger" might run among flints. The 
 admirers of the " steadying" principle did once suc- 
 ceed, as they thought, in gruelling a crack, but he 
 warmed up wonderfully next day, and although the 
 hare ran away from both in the decider, he got farthest 
 up the hill at the finish and won. 
 
 The Ridgway Club holds four meetings in the year 
 one at Ridgway ; two (open) at Lytham, where the 
 Clifton Arms is their head quarters ; and one (open) 
 at Southport, where they hail from the Bold Arms. 
 Lytham is seven miles from Ridgway, and separated 
 from it by the Ribble. When the 168 Dog Stake was 
 run for at Southport, and Rocket ran up for it as well 
 as for the Waterloo Cup, there was no coursing at 
 Lytham ; and Crosstown meadows, two miles south 
 of Southport, where the stake finished, afforded some 
 rare trials. The great, soft, grey hare, which is bred 
 on the black earth near Marton Mere, lower down, is 
 not so good ; but the Churchtown meadows have the 
 advantage of the brown sea-side hares, which are 
 driven from a strip of meadow and plough, on sandy 
 soil, by the side of the road. Mr. Knowles lives at 
 Lytham, and lends much life to the sport ; and so 
 does Mr. Hardman, the owner of the manor of Gis- 
 borne. The latter has been for thirteen years chair- 
 man of the Ridgway Club, and is as felicitous a 
 speaker as he is a good fisherman, shot, and courser. 
 The stubbles are very deep, both at Lytham and 
 Southport ; and the Lytham pastures have the advan- 
 tage of some rare moss hares, among which "John o' 
 Podd's," who lives at the bottom of the moss, had a 
 mighty renown. The Ridgway Club judging is always 
 done from a ladder eight feet high, as the ground is 
 too soft to ride. Mr. Nightingale never could bear 
 B B 2 
 
372 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the ladder, and would maintain that he was " not a 
 lamplighter." Jim Maple carried it after him till well 
 into the afternoon, and finding it a case of " Love's 
 Labour Lost," he flung it away into a ditch. Mr. 
 Bake had it fished out and varnished, and Mr. War- 
 wick and the present bench all go aloft. The ground, 
 both at Lytham and Southport, is nearly all plough 
 arid stubble, and with open dykes, like Altcar ; but it 
 is heavier work for the dogs. A few small whin covers, 
 and some whins by the side of the dykes, form the 
 only cover. 
 
 There are an immense number of hares, and many 
 of the old ones are levelled off during the summer, as 
 they are so hard upon the crops. No less than 205 
 were killed at one open meeting at Lytham. This 
 was one which Mr. Nightingale has never forgotten. 
 He had judged at Baldock, and he had to get from 
 there to Wolverton to meet the mail train. He was 
 at Lytham by a quarter before nine got a cup of 
 tea, and began and decided eighty-four courses the 
 first day. They left off five miles from Lytham, and 
 even Mr. Blake had quitted the field. However, Mr. 
 Nightingale walked home, and danced " into the small 
 hours" at the Clifton Arms. Will V/arner slipped at 
 that meeting, and Lyddesdale won. Will has grown 
 fat and pursy now, and Tom Raper is still the star, 
 while Metcalfe and Wilkinson have a good practice ; 
 but Mr. Nightingale maintained that " Will was the 
 first slipper who put the dogs in a straight line on 
 their game." The practice is now abandoned, but 
 Mr. Nightingale would always keep the slipper in 
 hand and give the distance ; and on one occasion, 
 when his " Go" was not waited for, he turned his back 
 on the dogs, and gave it a " No go." A Waterloo slip 
 will be from 100 to 120 yards. 
 
 Raper still runs well, and delivers his dogs very 
 smoothly and straight on the hare, and will stay any 
 distance. His predecessor, Dick Nobblet, was a 
 
Great Coursing Grounds. 373 
 
 short, thick-set little fellow ; but still he ran fast, and 
 in rough ground no one could lay his dogs on more 
 scientifically. 
 
 " It is a common saying," observed Mr. Nightingale, 
 " that hares run so much better after frost, but it is 
 not that the hares run so well after the frost, but that 
 the greyhound generally runs worse at that time. 
 Hares cannot bear starving in wet, and get their 
 backs up ; and dry, windy weather suits them best. 
 A good hare, under such circumstances, will wrench 
 herself to hold her ground ; and a wrench does not 
 count unless a dog is pressing her and forces her out 
 of her track. Hares are very curious, and go by hear- 
 ing far more than sight. I have seen a brace of grey- 
 hounds running actually strike them out of their form, 
 and yet they would sit down again. Shap or Knipe 
 Scar is celebrated for its wonderful hares, and the 
 ' Shapbeckers/ as they are called, have worn out 
 many a good brace of dogs in a one and a-half mile 
 race to the plantations at the top. When a ' Shap- 
 becker' gets on a hare track, with her head for home, 
 perhaps nothing in the world travels faster. The 
 Shap fields are all grass, of 300 or 400 acres each, 
 and are well fenced. There are some scars and 
 bits of boulders, and clumps of trees and smeuses in 
 plenty." 
 
 Mr. Benn, late steward to the Earl of Lowther, was 
 a very good courser in his day, and the owner of 
 Eden, who ran the international match with Dusty 
 Miller, During his great career as a judge, from 
 which (in consequence of a spinal complaint) he re- 
 tired with a handsome testimonial, Mr. Nightingale 
 never had harder work than when he drove in his gig 
 70 miles in 7^ hours, with four changes of horses, from 
 Harewood to Kendal after judging ; and he was in his 
 saddle at 9 A.M. next morning, all ready for the Shap- 
 beckers. A judge now-a-days has mail trains to 
 help him, and Mr. Warwick finished, about 5 P.M., 
 
3 74 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 in Worcestershire last season, drove fourteen miles to 
 the train, reached Stafford, changed trains, and on 
 through the night to Carlisle, down the Newcastle 
 railway, and then by " The Dandy," alias the horse- 
 tram carriage to Brampton, and on the field some six 
 miles away by ten o'clock. Six different conveyances, 
 and sleep as you can ! Such are the labours of popular 
 officials. 1 * 
 
 There was once some beautiful running at 
 Broughton, which has no plough, and fine undulating 
 grass fields, of from 50 to 100 acres. The Ox 
 Pasture, which is bounded on one side by the river 
 Air, was the queen of them ; and Selby, Clive, Hughie 
 Graham, and Dalton ran there. At one meeting they 
 had twenty-one courses out of it, but that was done 
 by drilling the beaters like soldiers. There are a few 
 hedges, but the majority of the fences are walls. Sir 
 Charles Tempest took great interest in the sport at 
 one time, but an attack which was made upon his 
 keepers by a Lancaster band of poachers disgusted 
 him, and he ordered all the hares to be shot down. It 
 was a very great grief to the Skipton people, but since 
 Sir Charles died the meeting has been renewed. 
 Harewood is bad, enclosed ground ; and Baldock, 
 which is all grass, is something like Wiltshire, with 
 plough farms, very few fences, and thin barley land. 
 Cardington Great Field is shaped like a water-dish, 
 and very little intersected with hedges. The hares 
 are in the low parts, and the skirts always take the 
 hill, and like the Dirleton hares, find them where you 
 may, they are evenly good. 
 
 " As a rule," according to Mr. Nightingale, " hares 
 are more equal on corn than grass-land. They differ 
 very much. At Eaglesham the red-legged hares were 
 
 * At Ashdown there were formerly two tryers, one at the top and 
 the other at the bottom of the hill. 
 
 For Ashdown Coursinp- see " Sqott and Sebrieht." pp. 244-248. 
 
Great Coursing Grounds. 375 
 
 very large, and miracles of stoutness, and near the 
 Three Mile House at Bendrigg, in Westmoreland, 
 there used to be a dusky-coloured breed which 
 screamed ten yards before the dogs a pretty strong 
 indication of rottenness." 
 
 Market Weighton has fine large enclosures, and 
 small hedges, but flints are sadly in the way. The 
 meadow ground at Barton-on-Humber is very good, 
 and not unlike the Churchtown and Altcar meadows ; 
 and the " Leger-field," as they call it, is a very grand 
 one for racing stretches. It was here that War Eagle 
 and Wicked Eye won the two stakes as puppies. 
 
 At the Border Union they always commence the 
 first day's coursing at Gretna Station on the Guards 
 Farm, and almost within view of Gretna Green. It is 
 a most central place, as three railways meet there. 
 The beaters then go on to the Rosetrees Farm (Mrs. 
 Gibbons'), and after that finish the day on The Bush, 
 which is tenanted by Mr. Tom Gibbons, of Burnfoot. 
 The second day's coursing was held last year over 
 English Town and Cubby Hill farms, about four miles 
 from Longtown. All the coursing about twenty years 
 ago used to be over that ground. The old Hannah, 
 or " the real Hannah," (as Jock Saunders once called 
 her when she was winning at Morpeth), The Young 
 Hannah, Tramp, and Bendigo all won or ran forward 
 there. On the third day the meet is at Longtown 
 Station, and they course over Sandbed, Oakbank 
 (Mr. Tinning, the Secretary's farm), and Smalmstown, 
 and finish up on the old Longtown racecourse or 
 adjoining fields, all tenanted by Mr. Tom Gibbons. 
 They never slip on the plough, but drive all the hares 
 off it. It is one of the most economically managed 
 clubs in the kingdom, and beats nearly all the crack 
 clubs hollow in the small percentage for expenses. 
 The list is filled very soon after it is published, and 
 Mr. Tinning's balance-sheet might inflame with envy 
 the hearts of Quilter and Ball. The draw dinner at 
 
3 76 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Longtown is also a great affair with Mr. Tom Gibbons 
 as perpetual president Mr. Wightman, the senior 
 field steward, is a notable character on his half-Arab 
 mare, " Fanny," and the way in which he drives a 
 hare up a long fallow field, nearly half-a-mile in 
 length, sometimes right in the face of a crowd, is a 
 treat to see. Although he has been born and bred a 
 foxhunter, being brother-in-law to Willy Routledge of 
 The Crook (who has owned a small pack of fox- 
 hounds for half a century), and does not care much 
 for coursing, still he lends all the help he can, and 
 is most capitally seconded by Mr. James Little of 
 Guards. 
 
 Mr. Nightingale considered the Altcar ground to 
 be in most respects superior to all other ground, 
 barring the best parts of Amesbury and Ashdown. 
 The only drawbacks are the smeuzes for hares to run 
 into and the open ditch system. Nothing spoils a 
 dog so much as to lose sight of his game just as he 
 is going to strike it. The ditches have changed the 
 fortune of many a course ; but they are wanted to 
 take off the waters from the levels into the larger 
 cuts, and from thence to the engine-house, where it 
 is pumped into the river at a higher level. The 
 great main cut to the engine-house has never been 
 jumped by pedestrians without a leaping-pole ; but 
 Mr. Nightingale once threw his whip Over and did it 
 in his riding-dress, with a pair of light buckskins and 
 long knee-boots, without a nail in the sole. After a 
 heavy fall of rain, such is the variable nature of the 
 Altcar ground, that some parts are very spongy, and 
 others firm and hard. Still, all styles of greyhounds 
 can run over it, if they only understand how to fly a 
 drain, from Judge at 6/lbs. to Lobelia at 43lbs. Be- 
 sides the Waterloo Meeting, the Altcar Club generally 
 meets there twice in the course of the season ; and 
 Lord Sefton is as true a patron of the leash in the 
 North, as Lord Craven and Sir Edmund Antrobus in 
 
Great Coursing Grounds. 377 
 
 the South. The best coursing at Altcar is in two or 
 three of the meadows or marshes, commencing at Will 
 Warner's house. The fallows, from which the hares 
 are driven on to grass, were so full of " fur " this year, 
 that when we were all ranged by the side of the engine 
 meadows on the first day, more than a score cantered 
 down almost abreast, and there were more coming. 
 
 A leisure hour in the neighbourhood of Skipton 
 found us at Chloe's home, which is about a nile from 
 Bolton Bridge, that inn dear to tourists and newly- 
 wedded pairs. The weather had broken the day 
 before, and we met two of the former toiling along into 
 Skipton under their knapsacks, grinning a most ghastly 
 smile, and trying to look as if they enjoyed the rain. 
 Next day the sun shone out, and the grass, as our 
 driver observed, was " pricking up famish" everywhere 
 in Craven from pastures which had been as brown as 
 a coffee-berry. A field of corn in those parts is a 
 rarity, and the one which was cut would not in ordi- 
 nary seasons have whitened for harvest so soon by six 
 or eight weeks. The Wharf e, which had been reduced 
 at Wetherby pretty nearly to a mass of dry shingle, 
 was rolling along once more past Bolton Abbey, which 
 is about a mile or so from Chloe's home. Our driver 
 was again most communicative : " My word, but they 
 are rarely bucked up for the occasion" was his obser- 
 vation on some of the lady visitors, who were prepar- 
 ing for that walk up the woods to the Strid. On 
 the architectural remains he was less diffuse. He 
 certainly did notice the east window, and remarked 
 that " Yon would take a rood of glass one time or 
 another to kep it going " but he dwelt most upon 
 the two greyhounds, which flank it, in memory of the 
 young De Clifford, who perished many years since in 
 the Strid. " They're greyhounds" he said, " but stone-^ 
 mason's made them a vast sight more like pointers" 
 As for their story, he referred me to the " History of 
 Craven," which records how the poor lad tried to jump 
 
3 78 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the river with a brace of them in the couples, and how 
 one held back at the critical moment and dragged him 
 into the torrent. He only made one addition to the 
 text in reply to my query, whether the greyhounds 
 were drowned. " Drowned ? he was tied to stick to 
 them it looks like it" 
 
 From the greyhounds in stone we adjourned to 
 Chloe, and found the old lady a little greyer in the 
 face, but still " beautiful for ever," without Madame 
 Rachel's aid. She had then had four litters by Ca- 
 naradzo, King Death, Reveller 2nd, Racing Hopfactor 
 (out of whose dozen only a couple lived). Old Cheer- 
 boys, that hero of Ashdown, a rough-looking never- 
 say-die gentleman, was still in good force ; and there 
 was a black puppy (Captain) by him, as well as an 
 infant brace from Royal Seal, which were consorting 
 with two lusty, smooth, liver-coloured pointer pups, 
 with spotted heads and paws, and skulls and ears such 
 as one rarely sees nowadays. Charming May is nearly 
 as pretty as her dam, and there is the same curious 
 dip behind the chine. Cock Robin was a handsome, 
 muscular dog, but a little heavy-shouldered, and his 
 running has not been so uniformly brilliant as it once 
 promised to be. Chioe's running-weight was 561bs. ; 
 and when she was once reduced to 54lbs., she wouldn't 
 struggle at all. Boynton always considers that her 
 best course was with Sapphire, at Ashdown, when she 
 was beaten " under disadvantages" in the run up for 
 the Oaks. She goes out occasionally on to the grouse 
 hills behind the house, to show the young ones the 
 way over the old Waterloo gallop. It is two miles 
 from the Harrogate Road to Popplewell House, near 
 Beamley Beacon, up-hill, and over all kinds of ground, 
 with a brook and plenty of stone walls in it. The 
 puppies learn it by a field at a time, and are tied to a 
 gate and unloosed with a hundred yards' start of each 
 other. They run in faith or by memory, following 
 each other for the first mile, and after that they can 
 
Mr. Nightingale. 379 
 
 hear Boynton calling to them. Sometimes he has a 
 live rabbit to turn down for them when they reach 
 him ; so that they soon learn the line, and keep it. It 
 is half over grass, half over heather, and the two miks 
 are generally covered in about five minutes. 
 
 The kennels were not more than four miles from 
 Skibeden, and there was nothing Mr. Nightingale 
 loved more dearly than to look out of his window and 
 see Boynton coming across the field with his " Ash- 
 down Volunteers." Of Chloe he always said that she 
 was perfection, if her forelegs had not been a trifle too 
 long. Charming May was his delight, and he he j her 
 up to his bedside shortly before the Waterloo Cup of 
 last year to pat her, and "give her some good advice." 
 Illness was irksome to a man of his eminently active 
 habits ; but we never heard him murmur. In his 
 prime he was possessed of great muscular power, able 
 to hold any mail-team, and even master of Chapman, 
 when they once met at the Greyhound Inn, Shep, and 
 had a bout at throwing half-a-hundredweight under 
 and above arm. He used to tell how a stalwart bully 
 once put his head into a coffee-room in the South 
 where he was sitting, and insinuated something about 
 his judgment of a course. " It was well," he added, 
 " that he ran down the passage, and locked himself 
 up in a parlour, and apologized through the keyhole, 
 or I know I should have killed him." Skibeden was 
 three miles from Skipton, and the hospitable welcome 
 within made up for the cold look of the house. A 
 neater farmer was not to be found in Yorkshire, or a 
 better judge of bullocks. Everything was in the most 
 rigid order" not a straw dared to be out of place." 
 When his coursing days were ended, he still took the 
 judge's chair at the Caledonian Hunt Meetings, and 
 on one occasion (so we have heard) decided " by a 
 nose." On his way back he would generally stop at 
 Mr. Sharpe's, of Hoddom, and talk over Hughie Gra- 
 ham and " the family fawn " with " The Laird " and 
 
 
380 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 poor Will Carfrae. He also enjoyed an outing at the 
 Waterloo and Lytham Meetings ; but his affection of 
 the spine and rheumatism stealthily increased uponhim, 
 and for two or three years before his death he could 
 not get further than to his sister's house at Skipton in 
 his gig. He died on September 2nd, 1869, in his 
 seventieth year, and was buried at Gisbourn, and in 
 obedience to one of his last wishes, his coffin-lid bore 
 the likeness of a greyhound. 
 
 As a coursing judge he has never been surpassed, 
 and the beautiful silver testimonial which was pre- 
 sented to him on his retirement by a subscription 
 amongst the very first coursers in England and Scot- 
 land told that his fame was unsullied to the close. A 
 more righteous judge never got into the saddle, but 
 his judgments were not always appreciated. His 
 knowledge of the science was so deep that he was apt, 
 at times, to reckon up a dog's work very differently to 
 mere ordinary observers, who are generally the most 
 captious critics. The really good judges of a course 
 knew and made allowance for his one fault viz., that 
 if he once saw a greyhound shirk its work in any way, 
 he never forgave it, and the transgression was apt to 
 be remembered the next time the offender was in the 
 slips. This was a weakness to which he was quite 
 alive, but which he could never quite shake off; and 
 there is no doubt that it sometimes led him into de- 
 cisions that were perhaps hardly warranted. Still, 
 this was a mere speck on a very brilliant career, and 
 as a public official we see few like him in any branch 
 of sporting. He never seemed to forget any incident 
 of a course, and it was his delight to sit and talk them 
 over, as if they had been run only yesterday. He 
 always inclined to Bennett's Rocket as the fastest dog 
 he ever judged, and he thought that Gregson's Neville 
 ranked next in pace, with just a shade the best of 
 Judge. 
 
 He loved to tell of the King Cob stock, which 
 
Morecambe Bay. 381 
 
 always " ran so stout, and kept their backs up and 
 their heads so well down." Sunbeam's head was his 
 idea of perfection, and he delighted in Sam and his 
 " beautiful style of running so true that you might 
 ride for miles after him, and never see his nob." 
 Waterloo was his wrencher and great " dog on 
 plough," Barrator his " acrobat," and in fact he never 
 went to Lytham without going to see the spot where 
 the black " pressed his hare to a gate, and went round 
 as if on a pivot, turned her back, and killed her in his 
 second jump." As a killer, he considered nothing 
 superior to Cerito " for safety and science ;" and 
 Ladylike's and British Lion's knack of stopping on 
 the side of a hill, along with Mocking Bird's power of 
 throwing herself at the hare further off than any grey- 
 hound he ever saw, never lacked a mention. He loved 
 the sport for its own sake, and understood field 
 management and beating to a nicety ; and he always 
 said that, however long the day, he never lacked Mr. 
 A. Graham as his companion when they left off* 
 
 From Skibeden we skirted the many " windings of 
 the silver coast," on the branch line towards Ulver- 
 stone. The sea breaks under the very wall of the 
 railway, and winds in and out among innumerable 
 creeks, clothed with dark-coloured plantations, which 
 slope down to the water's edge. In fact, the marine 
 and rural scenery are so strangely blended, that at 
 one moment there was nothing to be seen but a few 
 seagulls out for a wade, or a stately heron standing on 
 one leg and a green weed reef, ready to strike a fish, 
 and at the next there would be a troop of plump 
 pheasants feeding on a knoll. The inland side pre- 
 sents a range of rocky fir-clad terraces, with primroses 
 still lingering at their base ; just the spot in which a 
 professor of geology might choose to " spend a wedded 
 
 * For his portrait and analysis of Scottish crack greyhounds and 
 coursing fields, see "Field and Fern," vol. " South." 
 
382 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 eternity with a greywacke woman," while occasionally 
 up some gorge we could catch a glimpse of a distant 
 church, or what seemed like a beacon tower. Guides 
 and beacons have for centuries been often useless 
 across these treacherous sands ; and " one little man, 
 round-faced, drowned 1577," "a poor apprentice, and 
 officer for salt," "a native of Geneva (Domenico 
 Curatto)," and " nine in one cart," are but a tithe of 
 those which have gone down. 
 
 A walk to the top of Bigland Scaur, which looks 
 right down upon Holker Park, gave us the most com- 
 prehensive bird's-eye view of the pastures. The rocky 
 platform on which we stood seemed like a sort of 
 Arthur's Seat, amid a profusion of oaks and ashes. 
 To our right lay Ellerside Breast, pointing over some 
 thousand acres of peat towards the lake country, 
 where the snow was just seen to linger upon Coniston 
 Old Man. More in front of us was the hill of Hoad, 
 rising above the woods of Low Frith, from whence the 
 seaboard stretched boldly away past Ulverstone and 
 Conishead Priory, to the headland at Peel. Ulver- 
 stone was a fitting feature in a shorthorn landscape. 
 Its Young Ben had a few days before defeated all 
 comers in the aged bull class at Dublin ; and we had 
 but to carry our mind back to an August show, to see 
 its brace of Barons, Messrs. Torr and Sanday, adjudg- 
 ing the ten silver challenge cups, and Mr. Unthank 
 beckoned over the rails into the ring, to decide the 
 moot point between Duchess 77th, her companion 
 Moss Rose, and Mr. Eastwood's Rosette. 
 
 Just beneath us, to the right of Holker Park, lay 
 fully 130 acres of reclaimed land. The salt marsh 
 was nearly all drained by the Duke of Devonshire to 
 the depth of four feet, with two-inch pipes, covered 
 with peat moss or soil, to act as a filter and keep the 
 sand out of the drains. It has been cropped with oats, 
 green crops, wheat, and clover in succession, and the 
 latter yielded two heavy crops last year. A Fowler's 
 
The D^^,ke of 'Devonshire 's Herd. 383 
 
 plough was at work with four b' easts on, and taking 
 a half-mile field at twice ; but <Jie marsh is all grass 
 now, as it was almost impossible to keep it dry enough 
 for ploughing. 
 
 Nine years before, Cozy and Statesman's Daughter 
 were in the land, and old Sarah Gwynne, with her 
 head down and her back up, was making, according 
 to the weigh-bridge, 84lbs. per month. The Cozies 
 and the Nonsuches are given up, and The Grand 
 Duchess (i), Oxford (8), Wild Eyes (7), Blanche (8), 
 Barrington (2), Gwynne (i), Oxford Rose (3), Cleo- 
 patra (2), and Waterloo (i), are all represented. We 
 had only to seek the herd last summer in the field 
 behind Mr. Drewry's. Eighteenth Duke of Oxford 
 was the last hope of the calf-house, and Lady Oxford 
 5th (the 6oo-guinea Royal Worcester calf) was on the 
 eve of calving her Fourth Baron Oxford to that grand 
 old Duchess bull, Seventh Duke of York. 
 
 Two of her calves were sold for 500 guineas each at 
 Mr. Mclntosh's sale, and the other for 250 guineas to 
 Lord Kenlis at Killhow. Countess of Barrington 4th 
 somewhat reminds us of Duchess 77th, and has a son 
 by Tenth Grand Duke at her side. The light roan is 
 Blanche 3rd, grand-daughter of old Sylph ; and a 
 broken horn marks Seventh Grand Duchess of Oxford, 
 who also rejoices in a beautiful-haired daughter, the 
 1 2th of that line. Lady Oxford 5th is the queen of 
 the field, fit to found a world of shorthorns for sub- 
 stance and true character. Oxford Rose 2nd by Grand 
 Duke 4th from Rose of Raby makes a nice pair with 
 Oxford Rose by Baron Oxford. Old white Dustie 
 has no heifer to perpetuate her line, and Morning Star 
 is the last dying bequest of Lord Oxford. Fifth 
 Grand Duchess of Oxford is a wonderful milk and 
 butter cow. From her we pass through the park to 
 the home of Tenth Grand Duke, who is mourning the 
 loss of Mr. Davies's Moss Rose (who bore him Royal 
 Chester), and we bid him be of good cheer, as he puts 
 
384 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 forth his beautiful head to greet us, and walks most 
 vigorously the whole length of his paddock into his 
 shed for further recognition at Mr. Drewry's hands. 
 Third Grand Duchess of Oxford was up feeding, and 
 Mr. Fawcett's Eliza loth and Lady Butterfly's Duchess 
 were in quarantine in a paddock. The crosses be- 
 tween Fifteenth Duke of Oxford and Galloway heifers 
 were in " the marsh meadows" some forty strong, and 
 they prove to be grey, or jet-black, or blood-red, or 
 bronze, or rich roans, and nearly all without horns, 
 when five lads drive them up. 
 
 Grand Duke 3rd by Second Duke of Bolton (by 
 Grand Duke from Florence, a daughter of Mr. Richard 
 Booth's Fame) was in residence at Springfield Hall, 
 near Lancaster, when we first went there in '59, and 
 so was Prince Imperial, that son of Second Grand 
 Duke and Bridecake a daughter of Bridget, to whom 
 the Grand Duchesess also owe their Booth cross. He 
 was thick through the breast, and with well-laid 
 shoulders, and though not with quite the grandeur of 
 some of our best bulls, a touch must be dead or saucy 
 that did not own him mellow. We found the footsteps 
 of Fame in the Fenella family which sprung from her 
 daughter Fay crossed with Grand Duke. Mr. Bolden's 
 brother purchased Mussulman, a son of Old Cherry, 
 to take to Australia, for 150 guineas. Mr. Bolden 
 liked the sort, and had Cherry Duchess by Grand 
 Duke from a Cherry cow which he purchased at Mr. 
 Lax's sale. Her son Second Cherry Duke was sold 
 to Mr. Shepherd of Shethin. Mr. Bolden also had the 
 Waterloo tribe, on which Mr. Bates set very great 
 store. The latter bought a heifer by Waterloo (2816), 
 dam by Waterloo, from a small farmer who had 
 used the bull. She was so good that she was sent 
 with five of the best cows from Kirklevington to Mr. 
 Whitaker's Norfolk, and had a rare calf, Waterloo 3rd, 
 by him. 
 
 Mr. Bolden inherited his taste for shorthorns from 
 
Mr. B oldens Herd. 385 
 
 his father, who, like Mr. John Colling of Whitehouse, 
 and Mr. Lax of Ravensworth, caught his inspiration 
 from the Brothers Colling. He died in 1855, at Hyn- 
 ing, near Lancaster. No man was fuller of shorthorn 
 lore, intermixed with the quaint sayings and the doings 
 of the old Durham and Yorkshire worthies. He kept 
 a herd for many years, always sticking to the old- 
 fashioned, roomy, heavy-fleshed cows ; and hired Leo- 
 nidas, Leander, and Royal Buck, and other bulls, from 
 the Booths, in days when a man who gave only sixty 
 guineas for a season was considered quite an intrepid 
 character, and when Warlaby females could be had 
 for money. 
 
 Four of these then " Veiled Prophetesses," Fame, 
 Rachel, Bridget, and Vivacity, were purchased by 
 Mr. Bolden soon after he commenced breeding, in 
 1849 J an d along with cows of the Duchess, Cambridge 
 Rose, and Waterloo tribes, from Kirklevington ; the 
 Cherry tribe from Colonel Cradock, and the descen- 
 dants of No. 25 at the Chilton sale, 1829, gradually 
 formed the herd.* 
 
 * The late Mr. Bates, when he published the portrait of the Duke of 
 Northumberland in 1839, did not fail to improve the opportunity by 
 giving an abstract of the title-deeds of the Duchess tribe. Through 
 that document he traced them back to 1784, when Charles Colling 
 purchased from the agent of the Duke of Northumberland the original 
 cow, whose ancestors had for two centuries peacefully cropped the 
 Stan wick herbage, or been driven off by the mailed mosstrooper in 
 many a border foray. Hence it was that he rechristened the cow 
 Duchess "after that family, because they are justly entitled to be held 
 in commemoration for having possessed a tribe of cattle, which Mr. 
 Charles Colling assured me -was the best he ever had or ever saw, and 
 that he was never able to improve upon her, although put to his best 
 bulls." There is quite a Hebrew grandeur in the pastoral simplicity of 
 the old Kirklevington enthusiast, as he spurns the nine hundred armorial 
 ensigns of the blood royal of England and the chivalry of France, 
 commingled in the Percy banner ; and calmly paints in the old red and 
 white cow grazing. 
 
 Still, write as he might about their glories, his deep partiality for 
 them had nearly been their ruin, and although they had been in his 
 hands for five-and-forty years, they were reduced to a very low ebb 
 
 C C 
 
386 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Thirty-four years have raised the Waterloo Cup 
 from a stake of 2 sovs. each for eight dogs, to one of 
 25 sovs. each for sixty-four, and " Dog Derby" books 
 are rife in the land. The three kingdoms had stuck 
 to Blue Gown for the previous Derby, with a loyalty 
 which no Rosicrucian declarations could quench, and 
 now Lord Lurgan's crack became their greyhound 
 idol, and to see him win at Altcar a second year was 
 their leading dream of the future. There were no 
 
 when he died. Duchess 64th, the dam of Second Grand Duke, he did 
 not live to see, and she was the youngest of the eight which stood up 
 before Mr. Strafford. Her dam, Duchess 55th, has been a very 
 Barbelle in the herd world, as three of her produce were sold for 
 2300 guineas, and she was both the dam and the grandam of a thou- 
 sand-guinea bull. Mr. Bolden bought the first of the Kirklevington 
 eight, to wit Duchess 5 1st, dam of the Fourth Duke of York, for whom 
 Lord Ducie gave 200 guineas at the same sale, and sold after three 
 years' use to the Americans for 500 guineas. The salt water was fatal 
 to him, as he broke his neck in a storm ; but the change from the banks 
 of the stately Tees to "the gently curving lines of creamy spray," 
 that wash the Red Bank Farm, redeemed his dam from the curse 
 of barrenness, which had sunk her to 60 guineas. 
 
 She bred three heifer-calves, the first of which, by Leonidas, died in 
 the birth, and the others were ushered into the yard at Springfield for us, 
 in the shape of two roan cows, Grand Duchess and Grand Duchess 2nd, 
 by Grand Duke. A noble pair they were. The eldest was a beautiful 
 specimen of a "toucher," silky hair on a nice elastic hide, with that 
 peculiarly dainty cellular tissue between the hide and flesh. The head 
 too had all the most favourite characteristics of the tribe, slightly dished 
 in the forehead, with a prominent nostril, and a -great general sweetness 
 of expression. They were also well down in the twist, and great 
 milkers, combined with heavy flesh. Grand Duchess 2nd bore a strong 
 family likeness to her sister, but she had more substance and gaiety of 
 carriage ; and she held up her head, as if right conscious of her 
 lineage. 
 
 Three of the heifers were red with a few patches of white, and it was 
 curious to notice in their marks the exact resemblance to that original 
 Duchess, from whom thrice 183 guineas would hardly have separated 
 Mr. Bates at the Ketton sale. Coates's Herd Book has preserved to us 
 her picture, as she feeds on the Tyneside, with Halton Castle in the 
 distance. The white patch on the flanks and crop, the star on the 
 forehead, and the gay little beauty-spot just above the muzzle, are all 
 there ; and with the exception of Duchess 3rd, who is enrolled in the 
 Sibylline leaves of Shorthorn fate as "a light grey," there was no break 
 " " th was crossed with 
 
A Waterloo Cup Day. 387 
 
 symptoms of frost to disturb their serenity : and a 
 fervid Liverpool Fenian must have thought that " the 
 hour and the man" had come at last, when the Irish 
 packet-boats disgorged hundreds of mysterious and 
 bearded men at the landing-stage, who told each other 
 without disguise that they would " tak siven or six 
 anyhow" (evidently meaning Saxon lives), and used 
 two passwords of dire import, " Woman in Black" and 
 " Master M'Grath." These conspirators might be 
 
 Belvedere of the "White Bull," or the Princess family, and two roan 
 heifers were the produce. A double cross of Belvedere brought the 
 colour to white for the first time in Duchess 5oth from Duchess 38th, by 
 the Duke of Northumberland, from the first roan, Duchess 33rd. 
 
 Cambridge Rose 5th, by Second Cleveland Lad, was five years old 
 at the Kirklevington sale, when Mr. Bolden, senior, bought her, and 
 with the exception of Cambridge Rose 6th, who was kept as a memento 
 at Cobham, and Cambridge Rose 7th, which was purchased* by Mr. 
 Downes (and died in '67), and from him by Mr. Bolden for 70 guineas, 
 the next autumn, there were then no more descendants in the land of 
 the celebrated Hustler's Red Rose. Cobham proved the value of this 
 blood by the biddings for the gay old cow, and her Marmaduke calf, 
 Moss Rose. The First and Second Duke of Cambridge alone repre- 
 sent Cambridge Rose 7th, and as she persisted in breeding nothing but 
 bulls, the tribe was lost to Springfield at her death. 
 
 When Mr. Bolden had got home old Duchess 5 1st, and compared 
 her with some other very good Shorthorns on his farm, he became so 
 convinced of the goodness of the Bates blood, that he determined 
 to make his stand on it. His first move was to purchase Grand Duke 
 (10,284), by Second Cleveland Lad from Duchess 55th, for 205 guineas, 
 the same price that Mr. Hay of Shethin, Aberdeenshire, gave for him 
 at Kirklevington. At the time he bought him, he and 'his father had 
 several cows almost useless, after having been served repeatedly by idle 
 bulls ; but with him and successive Duchess bulls, the fertility (which 
 Mr. Bates attributed, in the case of the Duchesses, to the cross with 
 Belvedere) gradually returned. The same was observable in other 
 herds where Duchess bulls were introduced, and Earl Ducie did not 
 conceal his opinion that his was saved by the use of them. Grand Duke 
 was four years old when he came, and he departed for America two 
 years after at one thousand gs. ; and whether in addition to the 
 Dukes of Cambridge we look at May Duke and Grand Turk, from 
 Booth cows ; and two Cherry Dukes from the Cherry tribe, all of which 
 have been sold and resold at high figures, Mr. Bolden stands as a bull- 
 breeder second to none. 
 
 Grand Duke 2nd, by Fourth Duke of York, from Duchess 64th, who 
 was calved at Mr. Bolden's, had rather more white on him than Grand 
 C C 2 
 
388 Saddle and Sirloin . 
 
 found at Lynn's, as the hour for dinner and the draw 
 was at hand on Tuesday. Most of the old faces from 
 Caithness to Compton Bottom were also in the throng. 
 Mr. Bake moves about as brisk as a bee ; and a little 
 dark man, with a tall Scottish " shepherd king" at his 
 side, might have a printed bulletin on his breast, as 
 everybody asks him after " Bab." " The Emperor of 
 Coursers" tells us how he has just proposed the Home 
 Secretary for Renfrewshire, and then dashes off to the 
 favourites of his early days, Oscar and the rough- 
 coated Gilbertfield ; the tall and handsome owner 
 
 Duke, and was only two years old when he followed him, in November 
 i855,toU.S.A.,foriooogs. He had not quite the bold look of Grand 
 Duke, and although it would seem to be the perfection of a Shorthorn 
 to read good nature in his face, the Americans always thought that he 
 looked too placid. Unlike the gentleman who described himself as 
 having been absolutely unable to close his eyes from emotion, the live- 
 long night after his unexpected " Vision of Fair Women," in the shape 
 of Queen Mab, Nectarine Blossom, and Queen of the May, a recent 
 visitor to Thorndale does not seem to have been the least stirred up by 
 treading such classic soil, or much struck with anything beyond Grand 
 Turk weighing 28oolbs. He tells us, however, how he found him in 
 company with Second Grand Duke and Neptune of the Booth blood; 
 and how he calculates that Duchess 64th and 66th, Oxford 5th, 6th, 
 and I3th, and Bloom, Frederica, Lalla Rookh, Buttercup 2nd, Miss 
 Butterfly, and Pearlette would be alongside them. Such an American 
 Congress would be worth all the sea-sickness and all the expense to 
 see. Duchess 64th (600 guineas), which was generally considered the 
 best of the eight Duchesses that were sold at Tortworth, died after 
 some years in America, along with Duchess 59th (350 guineas) ; and 
 Duchess 66th (700 guineas), that "brand plucked from the fire" (as 
 Earl Ducie termed her, when the news was carried to his dressing-room 
 one morning that a calf had at last been found in Duchess 55th) was 
 among the fifty head which Mr. Thome purchased after poor Mr. Becar's 
 death, for yooo/. 
 
 In 1854 Mr. Bold en sold seven bulls at an average of 59/. &s., one of 
 them Second Duke of Cambridge, for 100 guineas. When Mr. Bolden, 
 sen., died in 1855, his herd, with some of his son's bulls, were sold at 
 Hyning, and the 28 head (including 1 1 bulls) realized an average of 
 6 1/. i6s. yd. Mr. Torr bought Gertrude (100 guineas), and Lady 
 Hopetoun (220 guineas), both of them Booth cows. In 1857 Mr. 
 Bolden sold 14, at an average of 65/. 3^. 4^., at Mr. Stafford's farm at 
 Dudding Hill. This was followed in 1860 by a sale at Springfield, 
 where 29 head averaged 87/. 17^. 6d. Of these a score were Waterloos, 
 
The Duchesses and Grand Duchesse*. 389 
 
 of Riot is quite a consulting counsel on leash law ; 
 and Lord Lurgan, a fresh-looking, hearty patrician of 
 fifteen seasons' coursing experience, passes a word of 
 good cheer to the Irish Brigade about the black dog's 
 health, and then adjourns upstairs to head the coursing 
 parliament. Cerito, that triple Waterloo Cup win- 
 ner, looks down from the walls on the sixteen Club 
 delegates, and so do the pictures of the late Earl of 
 Derby and his father, and other Lancashire worthies. 
 Then the venerable Skipaway case is discussed once 
 more, and the plaintiffs and the defendant contradict 
 
 and they averaged 92/. 13^. ^d. Sir Curtis Lampson gave 165 guineas 
 for Waterloo 2Oth, and Mr. E. Bowly 130 guineas for the Waterloo 
 bull Charger. In 1862 the herd was sold to Mr. Atherton, who soon 
 after parted with the Grand Duchesses (nine cows and four bulls), to 
 Mr. Hegan, of Dawpool, by private contract, and sold off the Cherries, 
 the Fenellas (from Booth's Fame) and the Grand Duke bulls. Mr. 
 Hegan paid 5ooo/. for his lot, and three cows were barren. He died in 
 1865, and his herd was brought to the hammer at Willis's Rooms, where 
 Mr. Strafford gave a splendid lunch to his friends and supporters. The 
 12 females were in four lots, and were all purchased by Mr. Betts, 
 whose herd was sold off in 1867. 
 
 GRAND DUCHESSES. 
 
 PRICES IN 186"?. HERD-BOOK NUMBERS. PRICES IN 1867. 
 
 Gs. Gs. 
 
 . ( tth , ... Duke of Devonshire 200 
 
 i 9 oo Prmce i f mP 7th Killed 
 
 Booth cross j th Lord Penrhyn 550 
 
 I oth F. Leney 210 
 
 1300 Si 6 " 7 Duke \ I3th Killed 
 
 Cherry cross j ^ R K Oliver 710 
 
 . * 1 loth Died 
 
 1800 Pnnce Impenal <TCth .. T. Miller 80 
 
 Booth cross J 
 
 1200 
 
 Duke 
 Cherry cross 
 
 nth 
 1 2th 
 
 J. 
 R. 
 
 E. Oliver 850 
 
 Earl Spencer 4 
 
 Died 
 Died 
 
 BRED AT PRESTON HALL. 
 
 Cherry cross (yearling) (i 9 th ......... C. H Dawson 700 
 
 Booth cross (calf) 2Oth ......... %*?%?"? f 
 
 Do (calf) (2ith ......... D. Mclntosh 33 
 
390 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 each other most lustily. The latter uses legal terms 
 "like a very learned clerk," and eventually gets a 
 majority of more than two to one to dismiss the 
 case. 
 
 Fifteen years before, we had left Liverpool for the 
 ground on Bob Castle's coach, behind four spanking 
 greys, with Mr. Nightingale on the box seat, and 
 several Scotland Yet enthusiasts as our freight. In 
 '64, Tithebarn-street station was the trysting place. 
 A man on the very outskirts of the crowd seemed 
 green and indifferent, and his mate was exhorting 
 him : " Theese com this far doanl go back, lad, its 
 sic fun they nobbut louse two dogs at yence there's 
 hot pot and dyke-jumping, and a' manner of thing**.* 
 " Owdham chaps" and " Boulton fellies" were there 
 by the dozen. They are a rough lot, and on big ex- 
 cursion days there is sometimes a regular swearing 
 match between them and those " Peter the Wild Boy" 
 sort of officials which abound in Lancashire. To do 
 the latter justice, they have no respect of persons. 
 Once upon a time, the late Secretary of the North- 
 Western was travelling along a loop Wigan and 
 Kenyon junction line, when the station-master put his 
 head into a first-class carriage and said . "Now then 
 yd chaps for Chow Bent, Checquer Bent, and Bank 
 Lane, get out wid ye /" The secretary objected to such 
 official language, and said quite indignantly, " Don't 
 you know who I am ?" " YSes," said the man ; " Huish 
 secretairy two thoosand a year" and passed on to 
 the next carriage, "Now then yd chaps, &c" There 
 seemed from the heavy train to be few Liverpool 
 laggards by the stuff this day. Away they leapt over 
 the platform rails at Hightown, and the ticket-collector 
 had to " fall back on his supports" in the station, and 
 give collecting up as a bad job. " The Rifles Inn," 
 which looks like a superior Irish cabin, had no charms 
 for them so early, and bending to the left by the stone 
 cross, they went crashing and stumbling over hedge 
 
A Waterloo Cup Day. 391 
 
 and fallow. In vain did a yokel rush from his har- 
 rows, and with outstretched hands and wild dances 
 endeavour to harry them back from the arable, as if 
 they had been sheep. The Lancashire lads laughed 
 the " Johnny Cake" to scorn, and formed, after one or 
 two light skirmishes with another protectionist, intc 
 a marching column of nearly a quarter of a mile along 
 the road. They enter into coursing as they do into 
 Bolton creels, or pigs, or flowers, or bell-ringing, or 
 glee-singing with a will. " Live Hare T is a great 
 shout of theirs when a favourite dog is beginning to 
 work off the points against him. They have bets on 
 from a pot of ale upwards, but we heard one of them 
 refuse to do anything on King Death's courses, " be- 
 cause Pse of ear' d Pd dee if I backed him? Sometimes 
 if a favourite kennel is to be sold off, they will follow 
 it from a sort of chivalrous feeling up to Aldridge's. 
 When they do get there, if they can find a carriage in 
 the sale-shed, they as often as not get in and sleep 
 through half the sale. Two were once reposing most 
 peacefully in a phaeton when a stentorian offer of 70 
 guineas for Mr. Borron's Bright Steel fairly roused 
 them up "Seventy guineas" said one to his fellow 
 sleeper, " why, you and I, lad, wouldn't fetch that the- 
 gither /" We once heard a still more emphatic senti- 
 ment as a pair of them walked over the Liverpool 
 steeple-chase ground to take up a position. A number 
 of grooms and helpers were standing near a brook 
 jump, and one of the pair caught a few words of their 
 conversation. He stopped, with quite a beaming 
 countenance, " Eh ! Jack, lad / Pll gan noe father 
 they say there's beenfowre lives lossen here dal, it's the 
 best jump of the lot well stop where we are? On the 
 coursing field itself there was an old fellow with a 
 pole collecting sixpences to jump over the great cut 
 and uniformly landing up to his waist in the middle. 
 He was not so drunk as he pretended to be, and he 
 made a nice amount by becoming " a water-baby," 
 
392 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 While the ring were settling on one course there were 
 rumours of a fight. Books were shut up instantly 
 and away they rushed. The gallant owner of Tim 
 Whiffler made a Jack Macdonald of himself in an in- 
 stant, and brought his man up to the scratch without 
 ever taking his cigar out of his mouth. As he after- 
 wards observed, " it was a most cheerful fight." And 
 indeed it was a big man and a little man a pair of 
 spectacles permanently disabled a pair of arms in a 
 white paletot and going like a windmill a white hat 
 rolling on the sod. So it was in old days, but we have 
 to tell of '69. 
 
 The morning finds us at Lynn's once more, and the 
 cards of the day show that Master M'Grath has been 
 drawn with Borealis. The latter has been winning a 
 good stake at Lytham, but " the talent" have taken 
 her measure well, as 25 to one can be "got about her 
 for the Cup, and it is only 6 to I against the black." 
 All is life and activity among the coursers. They are 
 buttoning on leggings, and lighting pipes, and driving 
 bargains with Hansoms and coaches, into which they 
 mount, looking like very jolly Cromwellian pike-men, 
 with their long mahogany-coloured leaping poles. 
 The route lies principally by the dock side, and its 
 dusky forest of masts, till we strike rather more in- 
 land at Formby, where the greyhound trainers keep 
 their charges. Seven or eight miles- bring us within 
 sight of the Altcar plains at last. On the left are in- 
 terminable sand banks, tenanted by coneys and vitriol 
 works ; while ditches of all degrees, high mounds, and 
 engine houses help to break the dreary Altcar dead 
 level of grass and fallows, which look as if they had 
 merely been pared. Be that as it may, they are full 
 of " fur," and during one portion of the meeting, Hard 
 Lines got among a wandering troop of nearly a hun- 
 dred hares, and didn't know what it meant. There 
 are a few trees, and there is a conventicle-looking 
 church in the distance, but even when the sun is out, 
 
A Waterloo Clip Day. 393 
 
 it looks quite a joyless land, inhabited by the de-* 
 scendants of Mat o' the Marsh. 
 
 There is life enough at the North End Farm, where 
 the carriages make their halt, and the official card- 
 seller sets up his basket under the lee of a barn. He 
 is wise in his generation, as if he once faced the open 
 there would be a rush at him, and, like good card- 
 sellers before him, he might be pressed into the ditch. 
 The trainers are here in great force, each with his 
 champion in hand, or snugly ensconced in a dog-van. 
 Speculation (late Red Robin) occupies the front seat 
 of a cab, and a large wisp of straw is spread artisti- 
 cally over the front window, for fear any minute 
 draught may visit his honoured head too roughly. 
 Alas ! it is of no avail, as India Rubber challenges 
 him to the slips ere two hours more are over, and 
 " wins a good trial cleverly" at his expense. Some of 
 the dog carriages are drawn in great state by three 
 donkeys, but many trainers discard them altogether. 
 Light Cavalry is at the ditch side straining for the 
 fray, and we also mark the dingy face of Bethell (by 
 Boanerges from Mischief), own brother to Bab at the 
 Bowster, and the grey features of Ewesdale, not a re- 
 markable dog in his day, but now of good repute 
 among greyhounds at the stud. The trainers are a 
 motley lot as regards dress; but the real Altcar 
 thing is supposed to be a sort of seal-skin cap, with 
 lappets for the ears, and a green coat, with mother- 
 of-pearl buttons about half the circumference of a 
 cheese-plate. What Lancashire Witch can stand 
 against that ? 
 
 It is barely five minutes past ten, and up comes 
 Mr. Warwick, the judge, in his scarlet coat and blue 
 bird's-eye, to judge for the ninth year in succession. 
 Another bit of scarlet shows that Tom Raper, the 
 slipper, has also stripped to his work. He looks very 
 worn in the face with so hard a life, but the heart is as 
 good and the legs are almost as nimble as ever. We 
 
394 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 look in vain for old Will Warner, but we are told that 
 he has " turned it up." The crowd thickens fast, and 
 as far as the eye can reach towards Formby, they 
 come steadily tramping on. The vehicles alone seem 
 to stretch for more than half a mile in the line of 
 march, and half of them are in the commissariat 
 service, and laden with pies, and cheese, and liquors. 
 Many visitors carry their own little polished drink 
 barrel slung across their shoulders, and those who 
 have the office look out, when luncheon time is nigh, 
 for the hospitable red flag with the white star in the 
 centre, which flies as a token at the top of a private 
 omnibus from Lytham. Half the point of the meet 
 at Northend was lost this year by the absence of the 
 house party from Croxteth, and we might well long 
 to see the four dark chestnuts dash up in the green 
 drag as of yore, with the Earl on the box. It seems 
 but the other day that his father was riding off 
 across country to Croxtfcth, to tell of his Sackcloth's 
 victory. 
 
 The march of the cracks round and round the farm 
 paddock is one of the most beautiful sights. We 
 have noted there before the first couple were called, 
 and the hare-boys (looking like tortoises erect) started 
 on their march the shining brindle of Streamer, the 
 dark black of the great bitch corps Spider, old Belle 
 of the Village, Rebe, and Reliance ; the blue of 
 Coodareena ; the fawn of Sea Rock ; the red of 
 Monarch and Sea Girl ; while the brindle on the tail 
 deftly told the difference between the flying whites 
 of Liverpool, Mr. Spinks's Sea Pink and Sea Foam.* 
 
 * It may not be amiss to run over a few of the principal winners from 
 Sultan's day. Oscar, British Lion, Gilbertfield, Barrator, Waterloo, 
 Canaradzo, Scotland Yet, Ciologa, Neville, Sam, Canopy, Jacobite, 
 Cardinal York and Picton, Bold Enterprise, Blue Light, Black Cloud, 
 Border Union, Matilda Gillespie, Motley, Tollwife, Ladylike, The 
 Baron, Selby, Clive, Monarch, Mercury, Hughie Graham, and King 
 Lear, &c., have all been touched upon in volume "South" of "Field 
 
A Waterloo Cup Day. 395 
 
 A quarter past ten, and there is no time to lose ; 
 off comes Mr. Warwick's overcoat, and he mounts a 
 good looking grey. Requiem and Morning Dew are 
 in the slips, but three hares get away before Raper 
 gets a slip to his mind. It was a bad beginning, as 
 both got unsighted before they had been long at it, 
 
 and Fern." The whole is in the words of Mr. Nightingale or Mr. 
 Warwick. 
 
 Sultan was own brother to Empress, " and a good dog that South- 
 port week," when he had 167 against him for the Cup ; but he was not 
 first class, either in work or pace. Empress was the best of the 
 pair, and her defeat of O Yes ! O Yes ! ! O Yes ! ! ! with one of the 
 terrific Eaglesham hares, where "fur" does "run like fury" was her 
 finest performance. She was a very handsome squarey bitch, with lots 
 of wear and tear, and good all round, and was left in amongst the last 
 six with her brother at Southport. Bugle was a short, thick, and not a 
 fashionable style of dog, with great pace and muscle, steady to his game, 
 and clever in every way, though not a smooth runner, and with a curious 
 style of pitching himself from his hind legs. His blood always united 
 remarkably well with King Cob's. Earwig was not a flyer, but he went 
 a good steady pace. Emperor, the sire of O Yes ! O Yes ! ! O Yes ! ! ! 
 was left in with Earwig, for the Waterloo Cup, but Mr. Easterby declared 
 Earwig (the worst of the two) the winner. Emperor was a very good 
 dog, but rather thick and plain. Both of them were blacks ; but one of 
 them had a white tail end, nose, and claw. When Glider was in the 
 slips with Rocket, there was no telling them apart, except by Rocket's 
 black muzzle. Lord Sefton mistook them, and galloped back, shouting 
 "Glider's won I" Mr. Robert Bennet bought Rocket, Ranger, Reuben, 
 and a bitch for 120 guineas at Chatsworth. 
 
 There is little question that Bloomsbury is the worst runner on the 
 Waterloo Cup roll. Priam, by Emperor, was, "perhaps, the best big 
 dog of this day." He ran at 74-lb., and yet he was a first-rate worker, 
 and never gave a chance away. Mr. Pollock's Major was a fast but not 
 a first-class dog, and beat, among others, Father Tom M'Guire's cele- 
 brated Irish bitch for a cool hundred a-side. Still " he couldn't use his 
 hares as some of them can." All that can be said of Titania is that she 
 was " a good steady bitch, but not a great one." British Lion was an 
 every-day dog, very game, and always ran respectably. Harlequin, a 
 slow son of Emperor, won his courses by steadiness (which was his 
 sire's specialty), and had a memorable one with Oliver Twist (brother 
 to Senate). " Oliver" was "a great dog, and a wonderful killer." He 
 won a sixty-four-dog stake at Lytham, without being once challenged, 
 and he killed every hare. This talent with his teeth was the more 
 remarkable, as he had a short thick neck. He had great power, and 
 went a rattling pace. Senate was a bad killer, but a rare wrencher, 
 and a steady racing-like dog. He ran a hare at Lytham for a quarter 
 
396 
 
 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 and then Requiem went on with the hare by herself, 
 and had such a severe singlehander, that the hearts 
 of her backers die within them, and any hopes of 
 pulling off 33 to I become a vanishing fraction. Then 
 every eye is on Lobelia as this rare granddaughter of 
 Canaradzo comes out bright and beautiful, and not 
 
 of an hour, and the very next week he won the Waterloo Cup, for 
 which Webb's Flirt ran up. He was "a wandy dog, full of muscle, 
 and his wrenching had always this grand peculiarity, that he did not 
 wrench too harddid not put them too far round, but gave no opening, 
 and kept the game to himself. It was done in the real Eglinton 
 Waterloo style he never wrenched the hare out of his line." 
 
 Shade was a useful steady bitch ; handsome, but with no remarkable 
 pretensions in pace or work. Slater's Sandy ran hares in a dodging 
 sort of a way, but he got well placed for all that. Magician was a 
 racing-like dog, with good speed to his hare ; high on the leg, but with 
 no great wear and tear about him. Hughie Graham's finest race in the 
 Waterloo Cup was with Staymaker. He got very badly away from the 
 slips, and Staymaker led in a most splendid racing stretch. Hughie got 
 up inch by inch, and headed the dog sixty yards from the hare. He 
 gave two or three wrenches, and then turned her into Staymaker's 
 mouth. (" Immense cheering.") Tom Oliver, who won a pony on it, 
 was so delighted, that he threw himself down on the bank, and roared 
 with pleasure, and kicked up his legs "like some one daft." Mr. 
 Temple, true to his usual way of expressing his satisfaction at a very 
 grand course, promptly lay on his stomach, and threw his heels over his 
 back. Hughie had another fine trial with Mocking Bird, in the Water- 
 loo Cup. She had a particularly fine eye to a hare, and when it dis- 
 appeared in a ground hollow, she exactly marked where it would 
 reappear, and gained a length or so, while Hughie ran out a bit. She 
 met two or three wrenches, and then Hughie was busy again, and she 
 killed out of his mouth. " The Bird" wanted a very fast stout hare, as 
 she was not a remarkable worker, and Ebb fairly beat her on this point 
 at Amesbury. " She threw herself at her hare farther off than any 
 greyhound I ever saw." Egypt was a thick, little, short dog, rather 
 like Jacobite. 
 
 Cerito had fine pace, and sense tc correspond; and her heaviest 
 beating at Altcar was when she met Dalton a dog who put in a great 
 deal of work in a little time for the Plate. "As a killer there was 
 nothing like her for safety and science. Her measure was perfection. 
 She would never make a flying kill, but draw herself back and be 
 ready for the turns, and kill them just on the bend or the broadside." 
 Grass was her forte. Waterloo (a bad killer), on the contrary, was all 
 for bare fallows, and went as light as a cork over it. Wicked Eye was 
 a rare drain-jumper ; in fact, she skimmed them in her stride like 
 a swallow, and could always make a couple of lengths at them. Protest 
 
A Waterloo Cup Day. 397 
 
 one mass of diachylon plaster as she was last year. 
 She hung in the slips a little, and then she warmed up 
 and raced past Exactly in the brilliant style of her 
 Trovatore days, and made a masterly kill. The Lan- 
 cashire men may well shout for her after such a per- 
 formance, and wish her well through the Cup. Now 
 
 ran very much in her style, and with great spirit ; but she was not in 
 such small compass, and took more time to settle. For pace she beat 
 Riot in a short course ; but Mr. Randell's bitch was a steadier worker. 
 Sackcloth was a good steady dog, and a very close worker, beautiful 
 both at his turns and wrenches. He was one of the British Lion 
 blood, "an every-day dog," and the amount of travelling which he 
 had to Ashdown and back before he won the Waterloo Cup has known 
 no equal. Judge, whom he beat in the fourth course for the Cup, 
 was a grand dog, and a great worker when he settled. For work, 
 pace, and fencing combined, Riot has perhaps never had a peer, but 
 like Patent she failed twice in the Waterloo Cup. Reveller (Seagull) 
 had not her pace but he ran in very determined style when he had 
 steadied down and ceased to rush. Rival was a lovely fencer ; and she 
 never gave coursers a greater treat than at Sundorne, when the hare 
 threaded a holly fence near the Castle, and she and Jebb's No Hurry 
 were "just like shuttlecocks in the air, backwards and forwards." 
 There were never so many lamentations heard at Altcar as when 
 Sunbeam failed to beat King Lear for the Cup. He had got a fearful 
 bucketting the day before, as, when he had run Tempest to a standstill, 
 he took off with a hare to Hill House. His great point was his 
 beautiful, smooth working, but his pace was not like Judge's. Effort 
 went a great pace, and put in plenty of work in the earlier part of the 
 course. If the hare lived, he would slacken and then come again. This 
 style was very observable in his courses both with Barman and Prize- 
 flower at Hampton Court. Regan went with great fire, which he did 
 not communicate to his stock, and was a rare timber and iron-hurdle 
 jumper. He had fine pace and led Woodpigeon at Patshull Park 
 farther perhaps than one greyhound ever led another. Cardinal York's 
 style was nice, but not equal to Picton's. Little Trip-the-Daisy had a 
 low, stealing way with her, and was wonderfully game. When she beat 
 Belle of the Village at Suclbury, she ran the hare till it dropped dead, 
 and was so exhausted that she had to be carried to her carriage in Mrs. 
 Cartwright's rug. Bribery had a slow, game, and persevering style. 
 She would get to her hare, drive it a mile, but not kill it. Sapphire 
 was great over the Downs. She would go through a sixty-four-dog 
 stake without ever being challenged, and make a course short by 
 killing. 
 
 Maid of the Mill was a fine big racing bitch, a little too arched in 
 her back, and a trifle lacking in length. At Waterloo she fairly ran 
 round Blue Hat in a short course ; but she beat Sampler handsomely in 
 
398 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the drain jumping begins, and sorely tests the limbs 
 that are stiff with " age's frost." Some bound over 
 them in their stride like antelopes, or use the com- 
 fortable pole ; others go at them with faces indicative 
 of resignation and agony combined, and if a foot 
 slips there is a roar like a salvo of artillery down 
 
 a noble one. Roaring Meg was very determined and steady not very 
 fast, but so very persevering. Canaradzo had very fine pace, fire, and 
 working power. He commanded himself beautifully, and was particu- 
 larly determined and clever in closing with his hare. In his Waterloo 
 Cup he gave Faldonside a regular towelling, and only let Gilbert get 
 first turn by favour of the ground. His stock are generally rather 
 quarrelsome and require work. If they are bad they are very bad, or 
 the reverse. The dogs, on the whole, have been best. His sister, Sea 
 Pink, always went best over Altcar ; but, owing to temper, she would 
 often throw out very wild turns, like Protest in her first course. She 
 was a game bitch, and she never showed it so much as when she came 
 again in a course at Sudbury, where Bribery had got her beat. Sea 
 Foam was rather faster than her, and very much steadier. Chloe's 
 thighs, hocks, and back ribs are perfection ; if she has a fault, it is that 
 she is half-an-inch too long in her fore legs. She was a little short of 
 fire from the slips, but had good pace, always greater than Rebe's in 
 her stretches, was smooth in her work, and clever with her teeth. It is 
 upon this last point that her consort King Death's fame principally 
 rests ; and some of his cross kills were very beautiful to see. Bluebell 
 had the same talent, and saved some courses out of the fire by it. 
 Ciologa, the best of the Scotland Yets, was also a wonderful flying 
 killer, and went through a 32-dog stake at Sudbury with only one point 
 against her, made by Klaphonia. 
 
 Patent was a dog of great power, not especially fast, but very cool 
 and steady, and certain to kill when he once got possession. He had 
 a nice style of driving, and went beautifully from his turns. One of 
 his cleverest kills was at Tredegar, when he fairly grabbed puss as 
 they flew a fence together, and again when he beat Calabaroono in 
 Scotland. Like all the Davids, he did not excel on marsh or ploughed 
 land. Like David, again (whose bitches don't require much work), he 
 never seemed tired. After being beaten at the Waterloo, he wound up 
 with three cups in a month at Hereford, Ashdown, and the Scottish 
 National. In the Craven Cup he had a splendid half mile straight with 
 Riotous Hoppicker. They ran almost locked from Kingston Warren 
 Bottom to Compton Bottom ; and then the dog began to draw out, and 
 reached his hare two lengths first. Save and except Master M'Grath, 
 Mr. Warwick considers him quite the best dog of the last seven or eight 
 seasons. David was a steady and cautious dog, and not a flyer. He 
 had ordinary pace, and did not close resolutely with his game. He was 
 unlucky in his Waterloo Cup, and went head over heels into a ditch ; 
 
A Waterloo Cup Day. 399 
 
 the line. Occasionally a stout gentleman determines, 
 rather than be left behind, to jump or perish in the 
 attempt. He is gravely advised by some athlete to 
 " pull himself together/' whatever that process may 
 be ; he balances his arms, rushes, regardless of family 
 considerations, at his work, funks, towers, is deposited 
 
 but his name lives in his stock, when far flashier greyhounds are forgot- 
 ten. Calabaroono had fine pace, and a deal of cleverness. Still, 
 Jessica was very nearly too much for him in the Plate at Altcar. She 
 was getting very busy at last ; but the hare did not live long enough. 
 Rebe was one of the most persevering bitches that ever was put in slips 
 at Altcar, and she went a good pace as well. She had a remarkably 
 clever way of taking a drain and then stopping herself ; and she twice 
 overdid Sea Pink by that dodge, as the latter got over and tumbled about, 
 while the black was scoring-up points. King Death had only just the 
 best of the pace with Rebe in the Waterlo Cup run-up ; but the hare 
 soughed. Theatre Royal "just wanted a little pace, or she would have 
 been quite first-class. " Kingwater's action was as smooth as oil, but he 
 was rather soft-hearted. His pace was wonderful, and he had cleverness 
 to correspond. His finest course was with Romping Girl for the 
 Douglas Cup, in the Greenfields at Abington, Crawford St. John. It 
 was a very long slip, and they ran neck and neck for three hundred 
 yards, when Romping Girl drew out and got first turn. Kingwater had 
 the second, and the bitch the third, and then she raced past him, and 
 ran her hare to a standstill. Romping Girl's daughter, Restless Belle, 
 understood driving in the highest degree. She would drive them a mile, 
 and never bring them round, and let nothing else get in. Prize Flower 
 could go a good pace, and delighted in long game courses; and Belle of 
 the Village was very staunch, and excelled in a long driving course on 
 the downs. Cauld Kail was a very steady and smooth runner, but not 
 exactly brilliant. Fieldfare was not fast, but smooth at her turns; Silk- 
 worm had good pace, but did not like to be punished; Cheer Boys was 
 a very game dog, and ran like a puppy at Ashdown in his fifth season ; 
 Grand Master was a rare puppy until he met with his accident ; and 
 Mr. Warwick always quotes the way in which he knocked about a 
 hare on the Black Hill, Abington, as a marvellous specimen of "high 
 art." 
 
 Brigadier went rarely through the Liverpool Cup, and was only once 
 challenged by Fieldfare. He was so clever with his hare, that she must 
 have jumped over him to get in. This was once done at Hordley by 
 Butterfly (by Lopez), and she won the Cup by it. Brigadier's daughter, 
 Brigade, is a beautiful bitch, with great pace, very determined, and very 
 clever withal. She goes faster from her turns than Jane Anne (now 
 Sweetbriar), who, clever and game as she was, rather lacked pace. Bab 
 at the Bowster was hardly so brilliant as Brigade last season, but very 
 determined and clever, and goes a great pace. In fact, she is good all 
 
400 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 with a splash, and ignominously crawls out up the 
 opposite bank. What comfort is it to him to be told 
 to " put on more powder" when all is over, and he is 
 wet up to his middle ? A policeman in a helmet has a 
 most tremendous reception when he jumps short, but 
 still there is not the fun there was when fewer people 
 came, and poor John Jackson, in his lusty manhood, 
 went striding and shouting with his short stick in his 
 hand, over the ditches, and when Jem Mace, or Joe 
 Goss, were putting on condition after that fashion. 
 
 And so the courses go on, and at last the crowd, 
 some six or seven thousand strong, line the high em- 
 bankment on both sides of a field where Patent ran 
 one year. A sort of nervous thrill goes through them 
 when a beautiful worked course has been run in full 
 view between Jolly Green and Innkeeper. " One 
 more bye, and then the crack comes out," is the key 
 to it. They are so closely packed that it is difficult 
 as you stand to see right along the bank. In a minute 
 a roar is heard at the distance, and we know that the 
 black is coming. Nearer and nearer, and the shout is 
 taken up all along the line, as when the St. Leger 
 horses reach the Intake turn, and the last struggle 
 begins. Mr. Warwick tears along at full gallop on the 
 grey, almost level, and twenty yards to the right of 
 the hare, in order to be handy at the finish ; and then 
 
 round, and seemed even better in her 1868-69 season. Lobelia was 
 good at all points, and never was greyhound more cut up than her in 
 her first course for the Waterloo Cup, with Lord Soulis, and yet she 
 went through the stake and won it. She was just too clever for Trova- 
 tore all that season ; but Master M'Grath was in turn too much for her 
 when they met in the Waterloo Cup. The Irish dog's pace and tact 
 were almost supernatural. He jumped a ditch into the road with Lobe- 
 lia ; the hare came short back over the hare-bridge, and the dog jumped 
 back, and nailed her as she came over, to use Mr. Warwick's words, 
 "just as a cat does a mouse." "It was," he added "the cleverest 
 thing I ever saw. " In the earlier part of the course Lobelia led on the 
 inside, he raced past her, and put the hare to her ; then he gave her 
 another go-by, and then came this remarkable kill. 
 

 A Waterloo Cup Day. 401 
 
 comes the black dog with the white breast and the 
 white neck mark, going like a whirlwind twelve lengths 
 ahead of Borealis. She looks, in fact, like a mere 
 terrier scuffling after him, and when she did get up, 
 the Irish dog had raced right into his hare, and flung 
 it up half dead into the air. Raper said that he had 
 never seen a greyhound go so fast, and the Cup 
 seemed to be over. Then Woman in Black delights 
 the Irish division once more, and Ask Mamma and 
 Charming May ran as sweetly as ever. Except Lady 
 Lyons, there was nothing more beautiful than " May" 
 on the field. Ghillie Callum then gives the Scotch- 
 men a good turn, and fastens on his hare, when he 
 kills so savagely that they are obliged to bite his ear 
 before he will resign it. Two other dogs cannot settle 
 the knotty point, and so they dash away and jump a 
 wide ditch, holding the hare between them. Luncheon 
 succeeds, and the coursers are found in carriages, or 
 on the top of them, on the grass, or sitting on a rail 
 " transacting business" with hampers and parcels 
 which would have done Epsom no discredit. Even a 
 horse and gig rolling in a ditch doesn't rouse them. 
 They were a singularly quiet and well-behaved crowd, 
 and though the stewards had left them pretty nearly 
 to their own devices, in despair of handling so many, 
 they encroached but a very few yards. It was a fine, 
 genial day, and each man seemed bent on good- 
 humoured enjoyment, and an oath or coarse word was 
 almost unheard. 
 
 Luncheon over, and we got into position for the last 
 time that day, and all along the Engine-house 
 Meadows. For some time it was hopeless to begin, as 
 " fur" was too plentiful ; but at last they came off the 
 fallows by singles, and Master M'Grath was slipped 
 once more. There was no enthusiasm over this 
 course. On he sped raking lengths away from Hard 
 Lines, but after turning his hare he tumbled and got 
 shaken, as he put in no really good work afterwards, 
 
 D D 
 
4<D2 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 and Hard Lines killed. The crowd were quite still 
 and disappointed, but there were some cheers as Lord 
 Lurgan, who loves the sport dearly, and boasted a 
 huge pair of leggings, walked up to him to pat him. 
 
 Then arose the bronchitic strains of that comical 
 old man who had gone about all day with Master 
 M'Grath blazoned on his hat and selling sweetmeats : 
 "Master M l Grath 'Umbugs T followed by a list of 
 the towns in which they were patronized, one of which 
 seemed to have an especial ludicrous suggestion in it. 
 We cannot say that " still his speech was song," but 
 on it ran, " Four a penny / puts it in the sinking 
 fund my wife taks the money, and I niver see it noe 
 moor." Malt Liquor, Ghillie Callum, and Randolph, 
 a son of Romping Girl, went with immense fire, and 
 some began to fancy Ghillie for the Cup. " India 
 Rubber ' Umbugs ! India Rubber ' Umbugs /" from 
 the old quarter, whose wares were re-christened as 
 each good dog won, told of the victory of another son 
 of Ewesdale, and we could not forbear leaving our 
 post to see the beautiful blood-red Lady Lyons rubbed 
 down after winning. But the twilight draws on, and 
 at last the hare supply begins to fail. 
 
 Not a beater can be seen, as they are far away, 
 quietly stirring up the hares, and sending them steal- 
 ing over the fallows, towards the big sough, which has 
 been such a city of refuge to them time out of mind. 
 We stand waiting for minutes while Raper has Bab 
 and Sir William in the slips. " Sporting Eagle 
 ' Umbugs niver see it noe moor" indicate the last re- 
 gistered winner and break the reverential silence 
 which falls on all good coursers, when such a prima 
 donna as Bab is coming once more on to the stage. 
 At last the word is passed that a hare is in sight ; Bab 
 is ready for her, and a beautiful course, ending with a 
 rattling kill, carries the bonnie Scotch lassie through 
 her second round. Such was the opening day, and 
 the next night found the puppies all beaten off, and 
 
Cheshire Cheese-making. 403 
 
 England and Ireland each with one, and Scotland 
 with two champions. Ireland and Scotland fought it 
 out at last, and Lord Lurgan's dog could only beat 
 Bab about a length for speed, and get very little the 
 best of the working. Perhaps two such flyers never 
 met before, as the winner has never been beaten, and 
 the loser, we believe, only once. Bonfires were lighted 
 on Friday night on the hills near Belfast, to tell of the 
 second Waterloo victory of their black dog. At 
 Waterloo, it created such enthusiasm in the bosom of 
 one Celt, that having flung away his own hat, he rushed 
 at Lord Lurgan, plucked off his lordship's wideawake, 
 flung it wildly into the air, and kicked it when it came 
 down again. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Johnson : "Mrs. Thrale's mother said of me what flattered me very 
 much. A clergyman was complaining of want of society in the country 
 where he lived ; and said, 'They talk of runts that is, young cows.' 'Sir,' 
 said Mrs. Salisbury, ' Mr. Johnson would learn to talk of runts ;' mean- 
 ing that I was a man who would make the most of my situation, what- 
 ever I was." He added, " I think myself a very polite man." 
 
 Croker's Life of Dr. Johnson, vol. vii. p. 194. 
 
 Cheese-making in Cheshire The late Captain White and Dr. Bellyse 
 Mr. D. R. Davies's Herd Cattle Plague in Cheshire Penrhyn 
 Castle Sir Watkin Wynn's Hounds Mr. Naylor's Herefords. 
 
 IF cheese had been our mission in Cheshire we 
 certainly saw plenty of it, when the County Agri- 
 cultural Society held its meeting on the Roodee, and 
 wives and spinsters crowded the long booth to look at 
 the champion lot. One of its four cheeses was 
 brought to the dinner, and was pronounced good but 
 not superfine. Mr. J. D. Harding, the professional 
 cheese-maker, who did so much towards teaching 
 Ayrshire* the Cheddar plan, spoke in the course of 
 
 * See " Field and Fern" (Soutn), pp. 278-285. 
 DD2 
 
 
 
404 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the evening with no small energy against mere rule of 
 thumb management. We heard this Makesbury 
 " Minister of Public Instruction" very well, but the 
 acoustics of the room are so bad, that although we 
 were not more than thirteenth from the chairman, Mr. 
 Barbour, the only thing we gathered from him and the 
 speakers round him, was the word " Rabbits." 
 
 Cheese-making in Cheshire runs very much in 
 families. Some have a sort of hereditary genius 
 for making it almost irrespective of the land, which 
 is generally a very strong loam, and others, with 
 every chance and appliance, never make a first-rate 
 article.* The cheese farms generally run from 100 
 
 * The following is a portion of Mr. Harding's lecture on Cheese- 
 making, delivered before the Tarporley Club: "There should be a 
 proper dairy room ; but this indispensable item in dairy practice, as a 
 rule, is wanting throughout the length and breadth of our land, in the 
 absence of which there can be seldom a guarantee for making good 
 cheese. The milk, so delicate in its nature, requires to be deposited in 
 a place entirely free from every impurity ; the floor of the room should 
 be clean, and every precaution taken to render it dry. Cement should 
 be used where necessary to fill up joints or cracks, so as to destroy 
 every lodging-place for filth ; every utensil in use should not only be 
 clean but appear with a polish. The milk should be poured into a re- 
 ceiver outside the dairy-house, and conveyed by a pipe, or rather an open 
 shoot or conduit, to the vsssel prepared for its reception in the milk- 
 house, that the milkers may not enter the dairy. Under these circum- 
 stances milk may be kept sweet in ordinary weather, in a temperature of 
 63 to 65 degrees, during the night in one vessel (say, the cheese tub), to 
 which the morning's milk may with safety be added, and a fine cheese 
 be the result. I cannot understand why persons prefer the labour of 
 making cheese twice a day, when cheese of a superior description can be 
 produced by making once as I have described. As to preparing the milk 
 for the reception of the rennet, in the absence of Cockey's or any heating 
 apparatus beyond 100 degrees, during the summer months it frequently 
 happens that no heating is required, the evening milk in the cheese tub 
 having stood at 56 to 70 degrees ; and that of the morning coming in to 
 mix with it at a temperature of 90 degrees, will at once fix the bulk at 
 78 to 80 degrees, the temperature required. The rennet, which should 
 be perfectly sweet and its strength practically known, should at once be 
 introduced and stirred into the milk so as to take immediate and univer- 
 sal effect, and at once arrest the particles of cream, and prevent their 
 escape to the surface. If the atmosphere be close and damp, and the 
 temperature high, care should be taken to prevent the over-heating of 
 
Cheshire Cheese-making. 405 
 
 to 200 acres statute measure ; some few may be 
 larger, but the majority scarcely average 150 acres. 
 The general estimate is a cow to every 4 acres, in 
 addition to which there is the usual proportion of 
 stirks and calves. Of course, where the farmers bone 
 
 any portion of it, lest its condition became affected before the rennet is 
 added. It is not safe to heat it. The evening milk may have acquired 
 sufficient acidity to slightly affect litmus paper, to which there is not 
 always much objection ; but if it has remained perfectly sweet, a little 
 sour whey of a clean acid taste may be added to assist the rennet, the 
 quantity being regulated by the experience of the dairy- woman. Break- 
 ing the Cheese : The coagulation should occupy fifty to sixty minutes, it 
 may then be cut across at right angles with a long knife or other cutting 
 instruments, when the whey should immediately begin to appear. With 
 the milk at this stage of the proceedings, in the condition I have de- 
 scribed, the character of the future cheese is entirely subject to the skill 
 of the operator. To follow the Cheddar method, after remaining a short 
 time in this state, it should be broken or cracked up carefully, to prevent 
 waste, when a little whey is taken off and warmed. When the breaking 
 is completed, this heated whey is poured over it, which tends to harden 
 the curd and clear the whey, when the curd will be found to be in small 
 and distinct particles : it is then allowed to subside. A portion of the 
 whey is then drawn off and heated for scalding, which may occupy thirty 
 or forty minutes. The curd is then stirred up, and the heated whey 
 poured amongst it until it has reached a temperature of 100 degrees. The 
 stirring is continued till the particles of curd again separate and sink, 
 when the whey remains clear. With Cockey's heating apparatus, the 
 breaking and the scalding is performed by one operation, the tempera- 
 ture being gradually increased during the stirring till it reaches 100 
 degrees. There is probably less necessity for the curd being so finely 
 broken when it is not to be scalded, as there would be some difficulty 
 in again collecting it without the application of heat of a high tempera- 
 ture. After being subjected to the heated whey for twenty-five or thirty 
 minutes, the whole of the whey is drawn ff, the curd becomes a com- 
 pact mass, which is heaped up on the convex bottom of the tub ; the 
 temperature being carefully retained, the whey readily escapes. When 
 this is effected, which may occupy from one to two hours, according to 
 circumstances, it is placed in the press to remain twenty or thirty 
 minutes, when it is removed and broken in the mill, and salted with the 
 best refined salt (which is prepared for the purpose by Titley of Bath), 
 at the rate of lib. of salt to 561bs. of curd, when it is again placed 
 in the press. The next morning it is turned in the vat, and a dry cloth 
 is given to it, which is not subsequently wetted. At the end of the 
 third day it is removed to the cheese-room and bandaged, when it is 
 turned every day for a few days ; as it hardens it is turned twice a week, 
 and ultimately once, till it is sent to market at two to four months 
 old." 
 
406 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 and manure heavily, the same land will carry many 
 more, but rich grass does not improve the quality of 
 cheese. The rent is not regulated by the price of 
 cheese, and there is no bowie system as in Ayrshire. 
 Cheese-making commences in early spring, with what 
 is termed " the Boosy Cheese ;" but the opening day 
 of "the prime season" is the I2th of May, or "the 
 turning-out day " when all cattle begin their summer 
 grazing, and cheese is made more, or less, until Octo- 
 ber 1 2th, when the ley season closes. 
 
 The principal cheese market is at Chester. There 
 is also one at Crewe, but the factors generally travel 
 about from farm to farm, and purchase the whole or 
 the greater portion of their cheese from the same 
 places, year after year. The cheese of the North or 
 North Eastern part of the county is made for the 
 Manchester market. It is lifted from the farms about 
 October, and is used in a green state ; and in fact it 
 will not keep. The farmers adopt this plan because 
 they want to have no trouble with their cheese during 
 the winter months ; they have also no loss in weight, 
 and they get their money sooner. A much smaller 
 quantity of cheese is now made on the Knutsford side, 
 as the demand for milk in Manchester has increased 
 so largely. Tarporley and the country round Chester 
 is of good report ; but perhaps the best Cheshire 
 cheese, which is generally sent to London, is made in 
 the Nantwich and Broxton Hundreds. This cheese 
 is made to keep, and is generally not lifted from the 
 farms until February or March It commands a higher 
 price in consequence, and is worth, on an average, 90^. 
 per cwt, whilst the more ordinary sorts range from 55.$-. 
 to 8os. Prices ruled high in 1869, and they were at 
 their lowest point before the cattle-plague fell upon 
 the county with such fearful virulence. 
 
 Our " Cheshire worthies " are connected more or 
 less with the Roodee. Of old Joe Maiden and his 
 doings, and the wooden leg of later life, we have told 
 
Captain White. 407 
 
 elsewhere, and we can see his smile of pleasure as 
 Captain White looked over his youngest son, one Cup 
 day, when he heard that he was intended for a whip, 
 " to see if he had good legs and feet." We never 
 remember the immortal Captain so amusing as when, 
 with Sir Watkin and two ex-masters of hounds, he 
 was helping to dig out a fox on a frosty bye afternoon 
 in the Wynnstay Woods, and stood at a bolt hole 
 with a stick, as he said, to " nobble " him. Again he 
 was very great, when he was bidding at Mr. Blenk- 
 iron's for Lord Stamford, and kept popping his head 
 at intervals out of the window of the drag, and re- 
 questing Mr. Tattersall to " knock him down." He 
 was always very good-natured if any writer asked 
 him about old times, and most pathetic on the horrors 
 of the great frost of '15, when he was obliged to leave 
 Lincolnshire, where he was hunting with Mr. Asshe- 
 ton Smith, and employed his London leisure in look- 
 ing at the skaters and the bonfires on the Thames. 
 
 He hardly understood being followed by a pencil, 
 and his scream when he saw one produced with an 
 author at the end of it, was a sort of compound of 
 Tom Ranee's and Rachel's for intensity. And then 
 his language and his power of simile, when he described 
 the points of his hunter Harlequin ! The echoes of 
 the laughter of those who heard him, must linger yet 
 in the smoking-room at Cherry Hill. If there was a 
 bit of fun, there he was in the midst of itj with a joke 
 and a comment which would have often sounded as 
 nothing in another man's mouth, but were so rich and 
 so mellow in his. He and Mr. Osbaldeston were born 
 in the same year, but the " Old Squire " outstayed 
 him, although he was reduced to his Bath chair. He 
 rode his grey mare, Alice Grey, which originally cost 
 him 2O/., for ten or twelve seasons, in fact almost to 
 the last, over Cheshire. Every year he had a week or 
 two with The Duke's at Badminton, and enjoyed the 
 stone walls amazingly. He was also a good deal at 
 
408 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Quorn, while Lord Stamford was master. He would 
 ride anything, but Comet was generally " the Captain's 
 horse," and they were wont to joke him about having 
 cut his initials on him with his spur, when the pair had 
 a bit of a scramble at an ox fence. He was Master 
 of the Horse to his lordship and then to Mr. Naylor ; 
 and one of his proudest recollections was the way in 
 which (when, in consequence of Godding's illness, he 
 and the head-lad were in charge) he hood-winked the 
 touts about Macaroni's trial. The Manchester men 
 grumbled at the hard measure which he sometimes 
 dealt out to them ; but the mirth of the land is gone, 
 and the Cheshire covert-side now lacks its most radiant 
 element. 
 
 " I would give half a hundred men, 
 Black Douglas were alive again." 
 
 Dr. Bellyse was nearly as well known in the county 
 as his father, and by virtue of his long connexion with 
 coursing he was always allowed to ride with the beaters 
 at The Waterloo. He was true to the sport to the 
 last, and a fall from his pony at the Sudbury meeting 
 somewhat hastened his end. Latterly he did not run 
 dogs in public, but still he bred a few for private cours- 
 ing. Bachelor, the founder of the Bugle blood, was 
 bred by him, and he never forsook that strain. He 
 left Audlem some years before his death, and the 
 practice which he had inherited was" transferred to his 
 son. Latterly he occupied a pretty little Cheshire home 
 at Dorfold not far from Nantwich. His love of the 
 leash peeped out a hundred ways from Cerito on the 
 wall to the " Stonehenge " and " Thacker " on the 
 table, and the greyhound couchant on the paper-weight 
 and inkstand. Everything about him was as natty 
 as himself. He did not inherit his father's taste for 
 the Turf, but he treasured the stories he had heard 
 from him of The Roodee, and the Mostyn Mile. 
 Beyond keeping the box of silver spurs (over which 
 he waxed quite eloquent when it was drawn out) and 
 
Mr. D. R. Dames Herd. 409 
 
 the lineal descendants of the black-breasted reds, he 
 had quite deserted " the Sod." We remember him 
 once saying, as he put a carving-knife into a pair of 
 noble pullets which tasted like pheasants, after their 
 final three days' bread-and-milk probation in a dark 
 pen, " It's like carving gold ; what would my poor 
 father say if he saw us ? he wouldn't have killed them 
 for two hundred guineas apiece." Our friend had, 
 however, only anticipated the change in public taste, 
 as these martial roosters did not average more than 
 ids. to 18^. per pair at the hammer. 
 
 Mr. D. R. Davies' herd is kept near his residence, 
 Mere Old Hall, at the Bucklow Hill Farms, where he 
 has nearly 400 acres, inclusive of plantation belts, in 
 his own hands.* Mr. Davies had a second herd of 
 
 * He began in February, 1862, at Mr. Grundy's, where he purchased 
 after the sale Victoria Regina of the Booth, and Roan Queen (served 
 by First Grand Duke of Wetherby) of the Bates blood, by way of 
 starting impartially. To these were added in due course Medora by 
 Master Rembrandt from Mr. Barber's, Surmise by May Duke from Mr. 
 Hales', Mildred Rose and Dairymaid (both of the Sylph tribe) from 
 Mr. Jonas Webb's, Leonora from Mr. Jolly's, Countess of Burlington 
 by Third Grand Duke and Minstrel 2nd from the Duke of Devonshire's, 
 Cherry Empress from Mr. Logan's, Stanley Roan from Mr. A. May- 
 nard's, Lady Best from Mr. Langston's, and Thorndale Duchess and 
 Thorndale Rose from Mr. Robinson's. Gradually he went for Bates, 
 weeded-out animals not of that blood, and began with Marquis of Ox- 
 ford by Sixth Duke of Oxford from Moth. After him he bought Ebor, 
 who was third to Forth in the old bull class at Newcastle Royal, and 
 second at the Manchester and Liverpool meeting. Then he went on 
 with Garibaldi by Third Grand Duke from Cambridge Rose 6th, which 
 he bought in 1864 from Miss Combe. On February 23rd, 1864, he sold 
 two dozen females and nine bulls, and made 120 guineas for Master 
 Warlaby from Leonora, whereat the Cheshire farmers, who know of no 
 tetich prices for "a bull fed on rushes," cheered lustily. The average 
 was 3 1/. os. gd., and Mr. Platt and Mr. "Whitworth were the leading 
 purchasers. Since then he has purchased Cleopatra 5th by Qth Duke 
 of Oxford and Charlotte 4th by Duke of Knowlmere (first prize at 
 Plymouth Royal) from Mr. Logan, Bracelet and Bland (own sisters) by 
 Sir James from Mr. Wythes, Moss Rose 2nd by 4th Duke of Thorn- 
 dale from Mr. E. L. Betts (Preston Hall), Moss Rose (dam of the 
 above) from Mr. Foster (Killhow), Wellingtonia by 3rd Duke of 
 Thorndale from Mr. Mclntosh (Havering Park), Harmony by Cherry 
 
4io Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 eleven cows and heifers, some of them calves when 
 the plague began. He believes that preventive mea- 
 sures failed, simply because, when the grass came, he 
 placed his cattle in the field for a short time daily, out 
 of the influence of chlorine gas. In this belief he is 
 confirmed by the experience of his near neighbour, 
 Lord Egerton of Tatton, whose milch cows and feed- 
 ing stock were subjected to the same treatment, but 
 never allowed to leave the shippons. Hence, in spite 
 of a severe attack of the plague on several farms in 
 the vicinity of the Tatton Home Farm, they all escaped, 
 while some of the West Highland bullocks in the park 
 went down. Chlorine gas was quite the fashion in 
 Cheshire, and as farmers were very "jealous" of con- 
 tagion, every rural policeman carried, at the sugges- 
 tion of Professor Stone, a wooden kit with him, as 
 well as a waterproof bag, for disinfecting his dress. 
 The kit had four compartments for bottles of muriatic 
 acid, chlorate of potash, Stockholm tar, and "soap 
 and sundries." The two former generate chlorine gas 
 by contact, and a few drops of the tar poured upon 
 some hot cinders will disinfect boots or clogs when 
 suspended on a poker within reach of its vapour. The 
 inspection dress is made of strong calico and fashioned 
 like a diver's, and it is fumigated and made ready for 
 the next visit by putting it into the bag along with a 
 perforated box in which chlorine gas has been gene- 
 rated and retained on pumice stone.* 
 
 Duke 3rd from Mr. Adkins (Millcote), Cleopatra 9th by Lord Oxford 
 from Mr. Harwood (Winterford), Grand Duke of Essex 4th by Grand 
 Duke 4th from Mr. Mclntosh (Havering Park), and Twelfth Duke 
 of Thorndale, bred by Mr. S. Thome of Thorndale, U.S. The last 
 named was one of the animals offered at the Windsor sale, and after- 
 wards purchased from Mr. Thomas when in London. 
 
 * Mr. Davies' shippon is at the junction of three roads leading 
 to Chester, Warrington, and Knutsford, and in the centre of a district 
 through which the plague wended the same fatal way that it did in the 
 last century commencing near Warrington and coming along the low 
 ground. In the small township of Tabley alone 662 beasts died ; 41 
 
Penrhyn Castle. 411 
 
 Shropshire sheep have been another great fancy of 
 Mr. Davies, and he has won at the Royal North Lan- 
 cashire, the Manchester and Liverpool, the Yorkshire 
 and Cheshire, with his rams. For the last two or 
 three years he has given a prize for the sort at the 
 Yorkshire Show. The flock numbers ten score ewes, 
 and has been established from the oldest and best 
 flocks in Shropshire Horton's, Matthews', Crane's, 
 Evans', Smith's, and others, and the wethers are all 
 sold off as shearlings. Many of his rams went last 
 year to South America, Australia, and Germany, and 
 one of the latter took the first prize at the Leipsic 
 Fair. Horton's Lord of the Isles, Duke of Kent, and 
 General Lee (all Royal prize winners) have been used, 
 and did much both for size, heavy flesh, and wool. 
 
 We did not care for the estuary of the Dee, its 
 countless small flat " lumps" of coasting vessels, and 
 
 were slaughtered, and only 20 per cent, were left. It skipped some 
 farms and attacked others, and it would sometimes in its later stages 
 take one cow and return to the same herd for another victim at the 
 lapse of three weeks. Cleanliness was of no avail, and some of the 
 very worst kept shippons escaped. Mr. Davies' precautionary efforts 
 were unintermitting from the first. Every beast about the place was 
 vaccinated; hyposulphite of soda, beginning at 3lbs. and so on to 5lbs., 
 was mixed for four or five months in 100 gallons of water, and chlorine 
 gas was used night and day in the shippon. Sawdust was substituted 
 for straw, in consequence of its absorbing the faces better, and being so 
 much more easily removed. The cattle were never more blooming than 
 when they were turned out in the middle of May, for a few hours daily, 
 into a field adjoining the shippon and abutting on the high road. 
 There was no infected farm nearer than a mile, but at the end of three 
 weeks an Alderney heifer was taken ill and died in 36 hours. She had 
 no symptoms of illness about her except a slight discharge from the 
 vagina, and until the veterinary surgeon opened her he thought she was 
 ruptured. The bull by which she had been recently served was 
 slaughtered immediately, but there was no arresting the evil, and in 
 two days more nine or ten were down with it. Leonora, from Mr, 
 Jolly's, was the first decided case, as they found her one morning with 
 her back up, her coat staring, and her head and ears drooping ; but 
 Lady Best from the late Mr. Langston's, Minstrel from Holker, Heiress 
 from Mr. Hales', Cherry Empress from Mr. Logan's, and Water Girl 
 from the late Mr. Anthony Maynard's soon followed suit. They sick- 
 ened for three or four days, and on the fourth there was a strong dis- 
 
4 1 2 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 great manure and alkali works, but we should have 
 been sorry to miss Conway Castle or Rhyl, or that 
 peep up the rich vale of Clwyd, with its black cattle 
 and scraggy sheep, its Cathedral of St. Asaph, and its 
 old castle of Ruddlan. The railway follows the line 
 of the sea-coast in all its windings, till it comes in 
 sight of the bold, rocky headland of Penmaen Mawr, 
 and the blunt surface of Priestholme or Puffin Island, 
 which is the very Bass Rock of those Western Seas. 
 Generations of fishing fowl have made it their fishing 
 residence since a Prince of North Wales fixed his eye 
 on the promontory of Penrhyn (head of the mound), 
 from which only a few miles of salt water divide it, 
 and founded the first castle of that name. The soli- 
 dity of his masonry still speaks for itself in a small 
 portion of the western side ; but he would stroke his 
 beard in amazement if he could rise for one hour be- 
 
 charge from the nose, eyes, and vagina. They could neither lie nor 
 stand ; their legs and heads were never still, and their moanings were 
 sad to hear. They would become feverish, and then shiver like a man 
 in the ague, and their faces were quite lax and costive by turns. 
 
 As they were very valuable stock, and Cheshire was at its wit's- end 
 in the hope of discovering some alleviation or remedy, the local com- 
 mittee consented to have them treated, but everything was useless except 
 the iodine ointment, a compound of iodine, mercury, and lard, which 
 was recommended by Mr. Lawson, veterinary surgeon of Manchester. 
 His object was to set up a counter-irritation if possible, and the 
 ointment rubbed twice or thrice a day on the chest gave apparent relief. 
 When applied in the early stage it seemed their only chance, but unfor- 
 tunately it was not thought of till some of the best had died. The 
 climax was generally on the fourth day, and those which died often 
 lingered on about three days more. One old cow of the Towneley 
 blood fought on for upwards of a fortnight. When the turn for the 
 better came, frequent doses of oatmeal-gruel were administered. Up 
 to that point they could not be got to take anything, as their mouths 
 were sore with inflammation, and they did not even notice water. 
 Countess of Barrington and Surmise were never so ill as the others, but 
 they wasted to skin and bone, and it took them and seven others (which 
 had all been treated with iodine ointment) several weeks to recover 
 their bloom. None of these nine survivors out of thirty-six were able 
 to carry their calves, but slunk them, a perfect mass of putridity, after 
 which they " came to hand" much quicker. Royal Agricultural Journal 
 (H. H. D.). 
 
Penrhyn Castle. 413 
 
 fore cockcrow, and visit the massive Anglo-Norman 
 keep, which his descendants have reared. For up- 
 wards of fifteen years did the Anglesea quarrymen 
 patiently hew out block after block of grey limestone, 
 to embody Mr. Hopper's designs. 
 
 A continuous ride of fifteen miles from its lodge- 
 gate through Caernarvonshire scarcely brings us to 
 the limits of the Penrhyn property, which comprises 
 other estates in the same county, and extends in the 
 shape of sheep farms to the top of the snow-peaked 
 mountains which join the Snowdon range. His lord- 
 ship has been most diligent in draining, and succeeded 
 most effectually in ruining his snipe-shooting. One 
 field of 34 acres involved an outlay of 8 SO/, for blast- 
 ing, draining, and trenching with the spade, and the 
 rough morass at the foot of the mountains required 
 10 cwt. per acre of half-inch bones, in addition to the 
 two latter processes, before it could be made suitable 
 for sheep. The mountains, however, pay something 
 more than a tribute for their surface wealth in the 
 shape of tons of slate, which are being daily raised by 
 2700 workmen in the quarries near the village of 
 Bethesda. The blocks are blasted out, and then split 
 up and cut by hand or machine, ready for transport 
 down the five or six miles of tram-road, which carries 
 them to the railway and the Bangor pier. Slates 
 haunt you everywhere. You find them fixed up 
 lengthways and bound together with iron for fences ; 
 they start up as corn-chest panels, chimney-pieces, and 
 water cisterns in the cow-houses ; they bristle on wall 
 tops as chevaux defrise ; they form the narrow passage 
 by which his attendant slipped craftily up to Marma- 
 duke whenever he required " hooking ;" and, cut into 
 countless shapes, they bear the last living tribute of 
 many a simple heart, " Er cof am" in the beautiful 
 churchyard of Llandegai. 
 
 The park wall of Penrhyn, which measures about 
 seven miles round, commences in the immediate out- 
 
414 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 skirts of Bangor, and skirts the old Chester road for 
 the first two. The dairy is close to one of the lodges, 
 and carried us back, with its cool slate slabs, its mimic 
 fountains, and its white and blue rimmed delf bowls 
 (on which the emblazoned boar and griffin surmount 
 the Bruce's heart and locket), to the dainty dairy of 
 England beneath the Belvoir woodlands. The farm 
 buildings themselves are a substantial stone pile, rather 
 noticeable for their convenience within than any archi- 
 tectural pretensions without. Many of the calf-boxes 
 in the second yard were especially built for Dorkings, 
 in the days when the fowl mania was at fever-heat. 
 
 Penrhyn has pretty well held the lead in Welsh 
 runts,* both at Birmingham and Smithfield, since 
 
 * Most money is asked for the black runts from Anglesey ; but they 
 have become "more coloury" than they once were, and many of them 
 are red. The dealers go to the yards in the spring of the year, and 
 take them younger, and they can make of them at 2^ years what they 
 used to do with a year more on their heads. The graziers in Essex and 
 Kent buy young heifers of 15 to 18 months (many of them from Caer- 
 marthenshire), call them "calves," and winter and feed them off. 
 On good land the heifers "have more swell on them" than the bul- 
 locks. The latter go principally to Leicester and Harboro' markets, 
 and not on to Northampton. Some of the best three-parts-bred, twos 
 off, make i6/. to 2O/. in good years. The Midland Counties men buy 
 bullocks in October, and keep them twelvemonths, but seldom a 
 second winter if they can help it. Mr. Bennett of Marston is an 
 especial admirer of North Wales blacks. He generally picks six of the 
 best to get up for show, and sometimes feeds a hundred. William 
 Evans buys a great many in the spring and after August for the Mid- 
 lands ; and the three brothers Roberts, and David Owen, and Jarratt 
 all bring large supplies to Daventry, Rugby, Leicester, and Harboro', 
 and the remnants on to Northampton. The Evanses (William, John, 
 and Lewis) were once very great in the trade ; but all of them are dead. 
 Richard Evans is one of the oldest in the trade, and brings many 
 Shropshires as well as Welsh beasts, and Dan Davis has had a great 
 lot down the last three years. "Spectacle Jones" has sometimes 
 brought nearly 1200 to the Midlands between March and November; 
 but he has in a measure retired now, and only looks to old customers 
 and his farm. 
 
 In Anglesey beasts generally do well, as there is plenty of green 
 crop ; and " the calves" went to Barnet Fair until the plague regulations 
 were put in force. Heifers used to go only to Essex, but now more of 
 them go to the Midlands. The bullocks have the best land, and a bull 
 
Penrhyn Castle. 415 
 
 1855. One of its heaviest was sold for 661. at 4 years 
 6 months, and cut up to 220 stone of 81bs., whereas 
 the others have generally run from 180 to 200. The 
 Chester and Warwick Royal Shows brought out the 
 heavy blacks of Penrhyn in great force. Ten out of 
 the twelve winning cards, and four of them firsts, were 
 their portion on the Roodee ; and at Warwick the 
 head bull prize, open to all breeds save three, fell to 
 their lot, with Lord Southesk's Polled Angus, and 
 H.R.H. Prince Albert's Alderney next in merit. A 
 cross between the Welsh and West Highland was 
 tried. It improved the quality of the beef, but the 
 females did not milk so well, and the calves fell small. 
 Whitaker bulls, followed by some of Mr. Fawkes's 
 
 is often put in with the heifers, so that if they do badly, there's the 
 calf. There are now many more buyers of heifers in the Midlands than 
 what there were eighteen years ago, and they turn off two sets of heifers 
 to one of bullocks. 
 
 Caermarthenshire and Cardiganshire both get Pembroke bulls. 
 The former county has them of a good sire, but coarser in quality ; and 
 Cardiganshire, for lack of green crops, hardly attends to them as it 
 might. Pembroke keeps the black line most pure ; but all these coun- 
 ties use Hereford as well as shorthorn bulls. Its Roosa and Castle 
 Martin beasts are pure. The latter have more quality and less bone, 
 and are shorter legged, and not so big as the Roosa beasts. The Castle 
 Martin lack fineness of horn ; but it is a favourite saying, " Don't buy 
 me a bull without a good thick horn his stock feed and come to the 
 weight best." The Castle Martin cows are generally good, and, like 
 most Pembrokes, with white spots, and white under the belly, and horns 
 yellow with a black tip. In Pembrokeshire horses are often seen yoked 
 in front of oxen in carts. In Caermarthenshire many of the runts are 
 brindled and black, and with " a white ribbon," like the almost extinct 
 breed near Hexham. The bulls are small, and anything but good ; and 
 even in Anglesey, West Highlanders, Galloways, and Herefords are all 
 creeping in. They are now of all colours black, brindled, dun, red, 
 black with white face, &c. ; but still the better pasture and green crops 
 keep them at the head of the poll for size. 
 
 Glamorgan has got rid of the old sort, and taken more to Herefords, 
 or white and smutty-faced black beasts. Only one or two keep the old 
 white-tailed sort, which were higher on the leg than the modern 
 Glamorgans. The moderns are not a good lot of beasts, coarser than 
 the Pembrokes, excellent workers, and good for the pail, and generally 
 red-brown or ruddy, and dragged up on bad iron ore pasture. Many 
 of the best ponies and best trotters come out of Glamorganshire. There 
 
4 1 6 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 and Sir Charles Knightley, introduced the shorthorn 
 blood to Penrhyn some skx-and-thirty years ago, and 
 about 1851 a few pedigree females were brought from 
 Edgcott, Rothersthorpe, and elsewhere. Booth's 
 King Arthur and Vanguard were both hired, and 
 Marmaduke was a very good 4OO-guinea purchase ; 
 and the herd has not only taken firsts with a Love- 
 more steer and cow at Birmingham, but the first calf 
 prize with Jessamine at the Canterbury, and again 
 with Waterloo 26th at the Leicester Royal. 
 
 Sheep-breeding has been made a great point of 
 both at the home and the mountain farm, which lies 
 at the foot of the mountains, fully five miles away. 
 The flock, which numbers about two thousand, is 
 really half Cheviot and Welsh, and the wethers are 
 kept to four years old for the sake of their mutton. 
 A disposition to kemp or hair in the Welsh fleece has 
 been very much counteracted by a cross with the 
 Cheviot, which has increased both the quantity and 
 texture of the wool, without spoiling the flavour of the 
 mutton or the natural hardness of the sheep. The 
 Leicesters and Shrops form a distinct flock of from 
 1000 to 1 200 on the lower Penrhyn Farm. The 
 
 are also many ponies in the upper part of Radnorshire. The fairs are 
 cried at Chapel, and many ppny lots are sold from 50^. to 7/. 
 
 Beddgelert, Llanllyfui, Llanberis, Capel Curig," and Bettws are all noted 
 fairs (and so is Llanbedr, between Conway and Llanrwst) in October 
 for cattle, wethers of all ages up to six, and broken-mouthed ewes. The 
 four- year-old wethers have gone as high as 2%s., and the draft ewes to 
 22s. for England. The fair at Menai Bridge is held monthly, and 
 dealers, as elsewhere, have generally had the offer of everything, so 
 that you are obliged to outbid them. Llangefui is also a fair of note, 
 and Caernarvon, Conway, and Llanerchymedd are for steers principally. 
 Caernarvonshire has good feeding between the base of Snowdon and 
 the Menai Straits, and again between the Rivals and Llyen districts. 
 Welsh mountain farms of 1000 to 1400 acres will let for 6o/. The 
 grey-black sheep don't generally die well ; in Caermarthenshire the 
 whites are better liked, and in Merionethshire yellow legs and black 
 faces are more the order of the day. July I5th is the general clipping 
 time, and they are pretty generally their own shearers. It strips away 
 from the neck, and leaves the scrag as bare as a deer's. 
 
Penrhyn Castle. 417 
 
 former were originally bred from Robert Smith's 
 stock, crossed with rams from Hewitt, Sanday, and 
 Burgess. One season they were crossed with Cots- 
 wolds, but the result was a general ungainliness of 
 frame and lumpinesss in the shoulders. First-class 
 " Shrops" have been the latest introduction. They 
 required a short time to become acclimatized ; but 
 their mutton finds Welsh purchasers at all seasons, 
 which the Leicester fails to do. 
 
 Pigs have also been successful prize-takers, and 
 many of them are sprung from a sow and two boars 
 bought at Earl Ducie's sale, and the progeny of one 
 of the sows alone made nearly 3OO/. 
 
 A mile walk from the first lodge down the great 
 Parliamentary Road, for which Wales has to thank 
 the late Sir Henry Parnell, brought us to the village 
 of Llandegai. " Twenty -four hours from London to 
 Holyhead" seems stamped on it yet, as, although the 
 grass is growing on the sides, the middle testifies how 
 carefully Telford must have executed the subpaving 
 and draining. Posterity has, however, to pay pretty 
 freely for its dashing, break-neck memories of the 
 Chester and Holyhead mails. Before road-making 
 rose to the dignity of a science, the late Lord Penrhyn 
 had made one from Capel Curig, which, by adopting 
 the base of the triangle for its route, brought grass 
 and grief to Conway ; and a picture in the castle re- 
 presents him pointing out on a map the intended route, 
 which spurned many of those valleys along which 
 Telford was content to creep. At Llandegai flower 
 worship seems to exercise the same manifold witchery 
 as the chirp of the knitting needles. The Virginian 
 creeper, the foreign currant, and the cotoniastns 
 cling round every porch, ready to burst into bloom 
 under a milder sky, and the hydrangea and fuchsia 
 are wont to peep in at many a lattice from " plaited 
 alleys of the trailing rose" half-way up the mountain.. 
 Passing up a dark-shaded avenue of yew-trees we 
 
 E E 
 
4 1 8 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 read in the chancel how the first Baron Penrbyn, a 
 Chancellor and Bishop, and the Lord Keeper Wil- 
 liams, " enriched the county with buildings, agricul- 
 ture, and plantations," and then leaving the ro^d to 
 wind itself out of sight among the trim laurel banks 
 near the school-house that fitting In Memoriam of 
 the late Mrs. Pennant we strolled through the Cistle 
 grounds on our homeward route to Bangor. 
 
 The high winds and the nature of the soil may 
 have borne hard on the oaks and ashes ; but they 
 battled with the sycamores in vain, and the laurels, 
 hollies, and rhododendrons "enjoyed themselves 
 amazingly." Looking down from the terrace of the 
 Castle near which Her Majesty planted two trees 
 on the last morning of her visit they formed one 
 richly-tangled mass of green, under which many a 
 white scut was seen darting back at each fresh foot- 
 fall, from his trip for the tiny grass blades among the 
 bracken and the briar. The ground is blue with the 
 hyacinth, and the ragged robin with its scarlet leaves, 
 creeps coyly among the fern. Far beneath, 
 
 " Where alders droop and willows weep, 
 You hear those streams repine," 
 
 as the Ogwen flows through its wooded valley to the 
 sea ; and whatever belief we might have previously 
 accorded to the legend of the Virgin Monacella who, 
 according to the guide-book, protected Welsh hares 
 under her skirts in a grove and the year of grace 604, 
 when the Prince of Powys hunted them near Pennant 
 Melangell was wholly dispelled, as the kennel cry of 
 the harriers rose above its murmur at feeding time. 
 The place seemed a complete epitome of sports and 
 agriculture, which would keep struggling for pre- 
 eminence. 
 
 A merino ram roamed in a garden meadow with 
 a steeple-chase brood mare, and an English dop- and 
 a French vixen fox (which had a litter of cubs) 
 
A Mountain Ride. 419 
 
 chained up as good genii in front of the boxes, in 
 which The Hadji succeeded Russboro', Malcolm, John 
 Cosser, Coroebus, and Mango, and where the hunters 
 for Northamptonshire are soiled down. 
 
 In the cart stable there was a score of horses, nine 
 of them greys by Matchless, the Salisbury Royal 
 winner ; and the mare at one end was pointed out as 
 the last love of Russboro'. The Eleventh Grand 
 Duke with his sweet breast and head met us right 
 well, and behind him came the deep-fleshed Duke of 
 Geneva out of Marmaduke's box, who had a two to 
 one run with Booth's venerable Prince Alfred at 
 Peterborough not long after. Messrs. Robinson and 
 Tallant were with " The Duke," but Mr. Savidge 
 would not give in. A Welsh bull and Sambo from 
 Montbletton represented the black bull interest, and 
 the latter has been put to native cows. Old Marma- 
 duke had left eighteen or nineteen roans behind him, 
 and none of them much prettier than Duchess of Lan- 
 caster 5th, and a sweet head and breast marked China 
 Rose of the Duke of Geneva's line, and reminding us 
 of Stanley Rose in her colour. Runts and Cheviot- 
 Welsh sheep are in the park, and the latter know 
 no knife till five years old, and then at I5lbs. per 
 quarter. 
 
 Now we take our road towards Snowdon, and past 
 the great slate works. " Holy Thursday" is the 
 miners' favourite holiday, and four or five hundred 
 keep it by being up betimes, and off with guns and 
 terriers after that " Welsh wolf," the fox. Nine full- 
 grown ones have been in view at one time on the side 
 of Glydyr Mawr, and the assembly of hunters in full 
 chase with whoop and halloo on their track. If they 
 can take them alive, it is a guinea for a full-grown one, 
 and half a guinea for a cub, to go in to the Grafton 
 country. These "wolves" take great tithes, and 
 twenty lambs a week have been known to go. 
 
 Scotch fir, larch, oak, and ash are all on the moun- 
 E E 2 
 
42O Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 tain sides, but they are generally clothed with larch 
 against the west winds, which are very fierce for nine 
 months in the year. To the right are the slate works, 
 looking like great bastions of rubble with steel blue 
 terraces of slate rock. There are millions of tons of 
 rubble at the tip head, and the arsenic galleries seem 
 like hermitages in the rock. The rubble has buried, 
 lava-fashion, the old church of Starns, but his lordship 
 has built a new one in lieu of it higher up the moun- 
 tain. There are others in the neighbouring town of 
 Bethesda, beyond which we come to the Vale of Nant 
 Franckon, where the tup never leaves the ewes, and 
 the gimmer is always a nursing mother. But " Nature 
 is a holy thing ;" they are titled roamers, and there is 
 not much restitution. Jones, own brother to Owen 
 (seeing that the eldest son often takes the father's, and 
 the second the mother's name), hunts them with dogs 
 upon the mountains, and gets them back with their 
 necks and half their bodies peeled. Above us is the 
 Idwal Lake, with its dark legend that birds will not 
 fly over it. In it are the one-eyed trout, which being 
 interpreted are trout too quick for men with two eyes. 
 Then there are goats, white, with blue necks and spots, 
 waiting to be milked. A solitary man is doing his 
 bush-harrowing, with furzes bound in a gate (which he 
 has taken off for the purpose), and. top-dressing with 
 the road dung he has gathered in his barrow. A 
 cormorant, with his crop full from his valley stream 
 fishing, sails off aloft to his lake, and it gets a great- 
 coat colder as we near Capel Curig, and face Snowdon 
 at last. 
 
 The North Wales sheep are generally white in the 
 face and legs, and the ewes have scarcely any horn. 
 The flocks number from 50 to 500 ewes, and some of 
 them are still larger. Very little care has been taken 
 to select proper tups; bad ones reign on from year to 
 year, and a progenies vitiosior follows in male tail. 
 The hoggs are mostly brought to the low grounds in 
 
Welsh Sheep. 421 
 
 winter, and the older wethers as well, before they go 
 to the butcher or gentlemen's parks in England to be 
 finished on grass. Among the smaller Welsh farmers 
 they only see turnips or hay occasionally. In fact, 
 they never take very kindly to turnips, from not 
 having eaten them in their youth, and they would 
 rather starve at a show than touch artificial food. 
 Like the Shetland sheep, they own no covering but 
 the sky. Many of their mountain haunts are little 
 better than large loose heaps of stones with patches of 
 coarse grass in the crevices. Others, on the contrary, 
 have good pasturage, at great heights, from 1500 to 
 1800 feet, and these are generally overstocked. Some 
 Caernarvonshire sheep-walks are 3000 feet above sea- 
 level, and are let at a rent proportioned to the quality 
 of the pasture, and not, as in some parts of Scotland, 
 according to the number of sheep kept. Several of 
 the tenants have rights of commonage for so many 
 head of sheep, but this is not generally to the flock- 
 master's advantage, as it often tempts him to put more 
 sheep on the already overstocked commons, and keeps 
 the poor animals in such a state of starvation that the 
 winter cuts them off by hundreds. 
 
 At four years old the fat pure Welsh wethers 
 do not weigh much above 4olbs. dead weight, 
 and clip from i^lbs. to 2lbs. of washed wool. The 
 Blackface cross was tried, and brought an increase 
 both in size and wool, without any sacrifice of hardi- 
 ness ; but it was not persisted in, as the wool came 
 coarse, and the mutton rather yellow. Lord Penrhyn 
 has done much by crossing the Welsh with the Cheviot 
 ram, which is bought on the first day at Kelso Ram 
 Fair ; and on one of his lordship's mountain farms 
 they have thriven well at an altitude of 1 800 feet. 
 The Penrhyn Castle crosses are bred on the mountain 
 farms, and sent down to be weaned and wintered. 
 They then return to the mountain for three years, and 
 are brought down at their fourth winter and kept on 
 
422 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 grass, a few turnips, and hay if the weather is very 
 bad, and killed off when they are ready. Sometimes, 
 but very rarely, the cross produces a true type of 
 Welsh sheep. Two crosses of Cheviot have increased 
 the Welsh sheep from 4olbs. dead weight (i.e., carcase 
 without the head or legs from the knee, when the 
 farmers sell by so much per Ib.) to about /olbs.,* and 
 have also more than doubled the wool, on which the 
 second cross seems to have good effect. Sheep of 
 this cross were too heavy for the mountain, and the 
 trial of a cross-bred ram sent down the size again. It 
 was also found that the continued use of the Cheviot 
 ram, which improved the texture of the mutton, and 
 gave it more fat, as long as it was confined to two 
 crosses, tended to make it too light in colour. No 
 pure Welsh leg of mutton should exceed 4|lbs. ; 
 larger ones are doubtful in their origin ; and even a 
 voucher that they were from the Vale of Conway and 
 the parts about Penmaen Mawr, would not satisfy a 
 man of strictly eclectic appetite. For Welsh wool, 
 pure and simple, the highest quotation has been 15^. 
 It has now come down to 8^?. or <)d., while the cross- 
 bred still touches i6d. Both are brought by the 
 Yorkshire and Lancashire wool-staplers. The Welsh 
 people still knit stockings and comforters as industri- 
 ously as ever from the old sort ; and there are mills in 
 Anglesea and Caernarvonshire where flannels, blankets, 
 and winseys (a sort of tweed) are manufactured prin- 
 cipally for home consumption. 
 
 Radnorshire, or, as it was once more termed from 
 the bench, " that little sheep-walk, which calls itself a 
 county," where pony-fairs are still given out by the 
 clerk in the porch on Sundays, has some very Astecs 
 of sheep about Cwym-dau-ddwr, or " the dingle of the 
 two rivers," Wye and Elan, near the church of St. 
 
 * Fed on hay and turnips, they have reached 90! b*. 
 
^ 
 
 Bridget. The range of hills, with hardly a hut for 
 shelter, extends for twenty miles by the course of the 
 Wye, along the upper part of the country, which in 
 Scottish phrase " marches " with Montgomeryshire, 
 and " the sweet shire of Cardigan." Rhayader is the 
 little town of the hills twenty miles from Radnor and 
 about six more from Kingston. The flocks seldom 
 number above 400 ewes ; ram selecting is a refinement 
 not much cultivated ; and the gimmers generally 
 " chance it " with the old ewes. Light scrags and big 
 bellies are among their attributes ; their sharp or "keen 
 noses " are nearly as white as their faces, and their 
 bleat is as meek as a kid's. Storms and hard fare 
 make sad havoc among the lambs, both in preventing 
 doublets, and starving nearly a fourth of the singles 
 which do come. Foxes have also a goodly portion, 
 and even the ravens and hooded crows will make a 
 sally, drive off the dam, and when they have picked 
 out the lambs' tongues and eyes, they devote their best 
 energies to the flanks. Still, with all their disadvan- 
 tages of pasture and inbreeding, " the capon-thighed 
 ones," as the jobbers call the Upper Radnorshires, 
 swell out nicely after four years old, when they have 
 left their hills for rich lowland grass. 
 
 A sheep-washing day on the Wye is a very pic- 
 turesque and primitive matter. The flock-masters and 
 their men fling them off a rock, and on they go, through 
 stream and eddy, from hole to hole and stone to stone, 
 till they reach some sure landing-place below. There 
 is also quite a muster from the sheep-farms with 
 scissors, shears, and pitch-pot on shearing and lamb- 
 marking days. The Lord of the Manor's paddock is 
 generally full of estrays, which have a withy round 
 their necks, in token of errantry ; and it is each shep- 
 herd's duty to go there periodically and claim his 
 sheep by their marks on payment of so much a week 
 for their food. The wethers are generally kept up to 
 five years old, and are then sent to Welshpool, and 
 
424 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 more especially to Newtown Fair on October 26th, 
 where the jobbers and farmers have often 1000 to 
 pick over.* 
 
 Sir Watkin Wynn may well have foxes counter- 
 salient on his quarterings. His career as M. F. H. 
 extends over nearly thirty seasons, and when John 
 Walker became huntsman, on the death of Will 
 Grice, in 1848, he found forty-five couple of hounds 
 in the kennel. Sir Watkin had given 400 guineas 
 for four couple when Mr. Foljambe's were sold off. 
 There were no stallions, and the Duke of Rutland's 
 and Lord Henry's kennels were generally resorted 
 to, as well as Mr. Foljambe's Render and Shropshire 
 Comrade. Tamerlane, by Belvoir Fencer, from Grove 
 Tempest, and Herald, by Belvoir Grappler, from 
 
 * What has been said about Upper Radnorshire applies as much to 
 the higher parts of Montgomeryshire and Cardigan, but with this ex- 
 ception, that the Cardigan wethers seldom go to a fair. Many of them 
 are bought for parks, and improve amazingly on the 5lbs. to 61bs. per 
 quarter which they would weigh on their arrival. Once the farmers 
 were glad to sell the draft ewes at all prices, from 3/. los. to 7/. a 
 score ; but although there is little or no change in their size, the jobbers 
 and the railways have brought them out, and i8/. to 2O/. has been 
 reached for them. Some jobbers will buy their 10,000 from two or 
 three counties, and have no difficulty whatever in placing them out each 
 September and October. Many of them are bought for the lower 
 ground in Montgomeryshire, and others go into Surrey, Bucks, and 
 Berks where their fame as sucklers has preceded them and breed 
 excellent early lambs by a Leicester or Southdown. A small per- 
 centage are killed in driving, and they require some shepherding before 
 they settle down to their new rural life, as they have been known to 
 break all bounds, and to be drowned in the rivers and ditches. 
 
 In the lower part of Radnorshire a different style of sheep and sheep- 
 farming prevails. Radnor Forest and Clun Forest, which form the 
 boundary-line between Montgomeryshire and Shropshire, have been 
 enclosed. The paring-plough has done its work, and seeds and turnips 
 on the hundred-acre allotments have succeeded heather and ling. The 
 hardy, close-fleeced Shrop has also been a most able adjutant, and 
 lambs by him from the Clun Forest ewes, and fed on these pastures, 
 are worth from 30^. to 35^. at seven months. Very good lambs of the 
 sort are also to be found about Knighton, and some of them near Kerry 
 Pole (which lies in the route of the sale wethers from Knighton to 
 Newtown) fetched 54^. as two-shears last year. Royal Society's 
 Journal(Yi. H. D.), 1867. 
 
Sir Watktn Wynris Hounds, 425 
 
 Wickstead's Handmaid, were the cleverest of the '48 
 entry, and Herald was used. In 1850 Walker's firs*- 
 entry was made, and Hopeful, Heroine, Harriet, and 
 Harbinger, with Primrose and Proserpine, all of them 
 by Wynnstay Admiral, were its peculiar stars. The 
 late George Wells (a first-class whipper-in, a good 
 servant in every respect, and a beautiful horseman 
 over a stiff country) and James Shaw were the whips, 
 and poor Shaw was drowned during cub-hunting in 
 the Dee near Nanty-bellun Tower. He had galloped 
 towards a ford in order to stop the hounds, which 
 were running for the Chirk Woods, and tried to 
 cross by some rocks, when the horse slipped and he 
 was dragged into deep water. Rufus, Rutland, Ruby, 
 and Ruthless, all by Belvoir Gainer, were great entries 
 in 1851-52, and the purchase of Gossamer, Gertrude, 
 Gratitude, and Gipsy, at old Mr. Drake's sale, was a 
 fine hit. The foundation of the present pack was not, 
 however, laid until 1853, and then with Cautious, 
 Captious, Chorus, Charlotte, Caroline, Cheerful, and 
 Curious, by Lord Henry's Craftsman from Wynnstay's 
 Precious (own sister to Phantom) by Bruiser by Che- 
 shire Bruiser. Like their sire, Craftsman (by Lord 
 Ducie's Comus, from Burton Sanguine), they had rare 
 quality and shoulders, were determined drawers, and 
 hardly ever smeuzed a fence. Adjutant and Anderton 
 by Herald, Phcebe and Prophetess by Belvoir Royal, 
 and Phcenix and Princess (a clipper) by Burton Cham- 
 pion, from Proserpine, were the strength of the entry 
 in 1854, and the following year brought in Goblin and 
 Governor, by Herald, both of which were used. 
 Herald was a rare dog to hold the line down a dry 
 road in the spring, when foxes run roads very much ; 
 and so was Goblin. 
 
 The year 1855 was the renowned Wynnstay Royal's 
 first season. He was one of four which came in of a 
 litter by Fitzwilliam Singer, from Wynnstay Rarity, 
 by Yarborough Harper by Yarborough Rally wood. 
 
426 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Tom Sebright always called Singer his best, and he 
 told Walker, " You've got a plum in Royal." He was 
 a great fence jumper. When the fox was sinking, he 
 once tried to fly a double post and rails up hill, near 
 Gredington Park, and fell back. However, he went 
 at it again and over, and Lord Combermere never 
 forgot it. Walker always thought him the best he 
 ever followed, and the Belvoir, Grove, Fitzhardinge, 
 Badminton, Fitzwilliam, Cheshire, and Eglinton ken- 
 nels all borrowed, or sent to him. The Beaufort Rag- 
 lan, a first prize stallion at Islington, was by him, and 
 the Belvoir kennel bred from two of his sons. Never 
 was hound more attentive to business in and out of 
 cover, and no whip ever crossed his back. He hunted 
 for ten seasons, and died in his thirteenth. Even in 
 the ninth he ran well to head ; whether going to cover 
 or returning home, it was his whim to be a quarter of 
 a mile ahead of Walker, and he would wait for him 
 and wave his stern when he came to a cross road. 
 His stock have the same habit; and Walker left 
 eighteen couple of them in the kennel. The old dog 
 was sent in a basket to London, to be painted by Sir 
 Francis Grant in the Wynnstay presentation picture 
 of Sir Watkin and Lady Wynn. Unfortunately no- 
 thing would induce him to rise in the studio, and there 
 he sat, looking steadfastly up in the face of Sir 
 Francis, who presented Walker with his sketch of him, 
 and a very cherished centre bit it is in the parlour at 
 Marchwiel. 
 
 In 1856 the produce of "We are Seven" of the 
 Craftsman and Precious litter were entered, and 
 Comely, Clara, and Conjuror proved the best of the 
 four couple. In 1857 the blood of Mameluke (by 
 Yarborough Comrade) gave much strength to the 
 entry, and Old Pyramid, whose ham-string was bitten 
 in two by a fox, contributed two couple of good ones 
 by Yarborough Harper. The Ruthless litter of seven 
 was also a hit, as Walker had taken her on specula- 
 
Sir Watkin Wynris Hounds. 427 
 
 tion to Quorn when Mr. Richard Sutton sold off, and 
 got Lord Henry's permission to use one of his pur- 
 chases, Rambler. This was a great season, and 58 
 brace of foxes were killed, principally in the Garden 
 country, Styche, and Shavington Park. The foxes 
 never went so straight, and some of them ten to twelve 
 miles. In 1858, Actress and Amazon, by Belvoir 
 Singer (by Comus, the stoutest blood in the Duke's 
 kennel), from Wynnstay Abbess, were the pride of 
 the entry, and so high couraged, that Walker had to 
 take them out eight days in succession to get master 
 of them. 
 
 Grappler, by Craftsman, from Gaiety, was another 
 pet, and we so well remember the greeting of him and 
 his guardian, in his puppy season, through the kennel 
 rails, " He's tasted three foxes, and likes them very 
 much." Ruler from Pamela was the first Royal puppy 
 in 1859, when Belvoir Guider and Yarborough Nettler 
 were dipped into pretty deeply. Rosy, by Belvoir 
 Clinker, was the crack bitch puppy of the year, and 
 Prattler, Prompter, and Proserpine, by the same dog, 
 from old lame Pyramid, were rattlers. There was 
 only one clever Warwickshire Saffron viz., Sylvia, in 
 1860 ; and in 1861 came Rustic, Rover, and Relish, 
 from Guilty, the first great lot of Royals. Six couple 
 of Beaufort Roderick's, all of them rare drawers, were 
 amongst the 1862 entry. His colour, red pye, was 
 against him ; but his stock were undeniable. Royal 
 got a first-class litter from Stately, two couple of 
 which were shown in a sweepstakes against six Royals 
 in Mr. Foljambe's kennel. Mr. Parry and Mr. Wil- 
 liamson were the judges, and declared for Mr. Fol- 
 jambe's. One of the two couple, Signal, fell off the 
 Nescliffe Rocks near Baschurch, and rolled seventy 
 feet with the fox ; and another, Stormer, was four 
 days up an earth. There was a splendid entry in 
 1863, and two stallions, Clinker and Chaser, came out 
 of the two couple of puppies by Grappler, from Cap- 
 
428 . Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 tious. Painter, by Belvoir Druid, from Posy, was a 
 rare dog, and Walker always reckons him second to 
 Royal. The Singer blood came out in its highest 
 strength in 1864, as nine out of the 15 J couple were 
 Royals, and nearly all did well. Forester, by Fol- 
 jambe's Furrier, from Wynnstay Countess, was a rare 
 one of the sort in the 1865 entry, and so was Romeo, 
 by Fitzwilliam Regent from Rally. Mr. Foljambe's 
 Furrier had been strongly used, and he was borrowed 
 by Sir Watkin in exchange for Royal on condition of 
 having the pick of the kennel ; and 5^ couple by him 
 were kept. 
 
 The kennel has not gone down in Charles Payne's 
 hands. Challenger by Yarborough Vaulter from 
 Wynnstay Careful was the first crack entry, along 
 with Grappler, Gallant, Gertrude, Gamesome, Pretty 
 Lass, Remus, and Romulus, all of them by Guider. 
 Seaman by Foljambe's Sparkler from Comfort, and 
 Sportsman, Sanguine, and Songstress by Statesman 
 from Tragedy, are also quite to his mind, as well as 
 Solon, Sylvia, and Speedwell by the same dog from 
 Prudence. Friendly and Garland are beautiful bitches, 
 and 2\ couple of very clever ones, Captain, Conqueror, 
 Comely, Comedy, and Captive, were entered out of 
 the Chaser and Prattler litter. 
 
 At the Wynnstay sale in 1858, three hunters 
 averaged 4837. Among them was Constantine, with 
 a strong dash of Arab on his dam's side, and a great 
 favourite of Sir Watkin's. So were King Dan, Cassio, 
 and Castor, the last of which went into Mr. Little 
 Gilmour's stable. Cassio, like Castor, was bought in 
 Ireland, and Mr. Gilmour bid 420 guineas for him. 
 After 500 guineas, Mr. Anderson and Mr. Foster 
 fought it out, and Mr. Anderson's " 620" decided the 
 day, amid loud cheering all round the ring for " Pic- 
 cadilly pluck." He was a thorough specimen of a 
 wiry fifteen-three Irish horse, very deep in his back 
 ribs, and like all the rest with excellent legs and feet, 
 
Sir Watkin Wynris Horses. 429 
 
 and with a peculiarly expressive, old-fashioned muzzle, 
 and very straight hind legs. Railway King was a re- 
 markably handsome hack, and Phoebe, by Charles XII., 
 which had been ridden by Walker for eight seasons, 
 in some of his severest days, had not mark or blemish 
 on her. 
 
 It may be set to the credit of his fine horsemanship, 
 that he never staked but one horse, and killed but 
 one, which put its foot in a grip, during his eighteen 
 seasons at Wynnstay. Simpson, the stud groom, who 
 had been with Sir Watkin for twenty-two seasons, 
 brought the horses out in great form no easy task, 
 as the sale took place one month after the season, and 
 Sir Watkin's hounds are proverbial for making long 
 days. They have no grass roads, and frequently 
 never get home till ten or eleven at night, after thirty 
 miles of road work. Nearly the whole of Sir Watkin's 
 horses are Irish, and have been selected for him by 
 Lord Combermere at four years old. Walker finished 
 with Limner, and Shropshire, and Sir Watkin pre- 
 sented him with the former when he retired to his 
 small farm and his " Shrops," within a stone's throw 
 of Marchweil Gorse. Its " red rascals" have laid a 
 heavy poll-tax on his poultry, but he bears it like a 
 stoic, and revenges himself by hunting them two or 
 three days a week. The Don, Cockatoo, the Major 
 (an entire horse and great for an hour), the stout 
 December, the Emerald Mare, Silvertail, President, 
 Phcebe, and the Felon have been among his especials. 
 He brought his own Nimrod from Fife, where the 
 dark chestnut had left several foals of four seasons, 
 besides hunting all the time. Sir Watkin then bought 
 him, and rode him for two seasons, and Walker for 
 two more. Mr. Lloyd took The Felon to Leicester- 
 shire, where " the bay stallion" in such hands made 
 many a well-mounted field remember him. 
 
 The Monday s fixture is in the Garden country, 
 which is principally grass. Royalty is its great cover, 
 
43 o Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 and Walker's best thing was from there nearly to 
 Bryn-y-pys, over Worthenbury Meadows, down to 
 Bangor, and across its steeple-chase ground, when 
 they changed foxes and got beat. It was fifty 
 minutes without a check, and grass nearly all the 
 way ; and only seven saw the finish. The Broxton 
 hills and the Peckforton hills are neutral, and require 
 routing perpetually. At Larges Gorse they only find 
 old foxes. Sir Watkin gets to the hills once a fort- 
 night, if he can, and likes to sink the vale for the 
 Cholmondeley country. There have been many good 
 runs from Peel's Gorse, and also from Captain 
 Glutton's Gorse and Burton's Wood, but the foxes are 
 generally bred on the hills. Some rare runs have also 
 been known from Maesten with Cholmondeley and 
 Garden foxes. The Cheshire men meet Sir Watkin 
 principally on the Monday, and Mr. John Coupland 
 and the Messrs. Behrens are their standard-bearers. 
 
 On Tuesday, it is the turn for the Shropshire or 
 Baschurch country, which has much more plough, and 
 always requires a great deal of wet to carry a scent. 
 Hopton Gorse and Boreatton are favourite meets, and 
 Woodhouse or Aston is generally drawn from Rednal 
 Station. The foxes are small and lengthy, and the 
 enclosures large. Petton Gorse, which has some fine 
 woodland foxes, is a great draw from Baschurch 
 Station, and they sometimes go with a good fox 
 ten or eleven miles through Oteley Park to the 
 Duke's woods. 
 
 On Thursday, they are generally in the Oteley 
 Park country, and have some rare finds at George's or 
 the Duke's, or Lee's woods, but like the Baschurch 
 country it requires plenty of rain. 
 
 On Saturday, it is the turn for Sutton Green 
 Gorse, in the Gresford country, Marchwiel Gorse, 
 Cloverley, Shavington Park, and Styche, from which 
 they run to Combermere, that alma mater of fox 
 cubs, and often into the North Staffordshire country. 
 
The Leighton Hall Herd. 43 1 
 
 Shavington Park to Peel's Gorse, and vice versd, is 
 a very favourite fast thing, with a rare scent over grass. 
 
 The cub-hunting is confined to the Wynnstay 
 Woods for a week or ten days, beginning with the last 
 week in August, until the corn is cut. Then they 
 adjourn to the Duke's Woods (so called after the late 
 Duke of Bridgewater), which have rare lying, and are 
 full of foxes. Chirk Woods furnish an off-morning 
 from Wynnstay, but when they draw Llangedwin 
 Woods, they shift to kennels on the spot, and stay 
 out a week. Sometimes they go there at the end ol 
 the season to make a finish. Oswestry racecourse 
 for Llandforda is the last day of the regular season, 
 and the Welshmen come out to see the sport on their 
 ponies. The general average of " noses" is fifty brace, 
 of which twenty are killed in cub-hunting. 
 
 A forty minutes' ride down the Vale of Welshpool 
 was a grand relief after Oswestry that dullest of 
 towns when Sir Watkin does not meet at the race- 
 course. The Severn, which has lent its name to one 
 of the noblest bulls that ever grazed in its pastures, 
 wound humbly along amid its sedge and willows, 
 crossed here and there by a rustic hand-bridge. 
 About 200 acres of clay and loam interchanging along 
 its banks, furnish Mr. Naylor with good grazing 
 ground for his Herefords ; but the majority of 1500, 
 which form the Leighton Hall Farm, consists of Long 
 Mountain and High Sheep land, all of which has 
 been gradually enclosed. Not many years since it 
 was clothed with heath and furze, and wiry tufted 
 grass, among which Welsh sheep and ponies worked 
 hard for their living, and mountain flax flourished. 
 The plough has crept stealthily up its sides, and 
 although the highest part is too cold for wheat, it is 
 kindly enough for oats and barley. It must have 
 required some nerve to settle under that bleak Moel-y- 
 Mabb, but Mr. Naylor forecasted well. Year by year, 
 the handsome design of Mr. Gee, built of the blue 
 
43 2 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 stone of the district, and pointed with light grey 
 coigns and dressings from Ruabon, have become more 
 and more embedded in its groves of larch and fir ; and 
 while a " Capability Brown" has been busy among the 
 terraces and gardens without, Sir Edwin Landseer 
 and cunning ornithologists have furnished many of 
 their choicest treasures for within. 
 
 The farm buildings, which occupy no less than six 
 acres, and lie about half a mile away from the house, 
 were begun in '52. The five vaults for roots are each 
 two yards in height, by three in breadth, and forty 
 yards long, and another root house occupies the entire 
 space above them ; and it is as much as two men with 
 a horse and cart can do to clean up the daily manure. 
 Water collected from the dingles and drains on the 
 farm plays a sixty horse-power part, in accordance 
 with the cunning triple arrangement. It is worked 
 through turbine No. I in the top compartment, which 
 drives the thrashing-machine and chaff-cutter ; then it 
 is returned thirty-two feet below to No. 2, which is 
 attached to the flour and pulping mills, and the sawing 
 machines ; and lastly, to a much lower level, where 
 No. 3 grinds bones and pumps liquid manure into the 
 tank on Moel-y-Mabb, 500 feet above the level of the 
 folds. Eighty tons of bones are ground annually. 
 The pulped roots and other prepared substances are 
 conveyed over canvas working on a succession of 
 rollers into bins below, where they are mechanically 
 mixed in proper proportions, and conveyed by tram- 
 roads to the feeding stalls and the winter houses. 
 The liquid manure is carried through iron tubes over 
 nearly seven hundred acres. It has more effect on the 
 alluvial soil than the clay ; but go where we might 
 over the farm, we saw pipes ready to receive the hose 
 for its application, and its liquid arch busy at work on 
 the young grasses. 
 
 The herd was under tne charge of the bailiff, Mr. 
 David Williams, who has always been on the estate, 
 
The Leighton Hall Herd. 433 
 
 and known no other love than the Hereford and the 
 Shrop. The herd, which is to Herefords what the 
 Sittyton is to shorthorns, numbers about 320 ; and 
 about 1 200 Shrops are annually brought to the clip- 
 ping stools. They have averaged about 5 Jibs., and 
 have thriven well on the high ground. As for the 
 cart-horses, which were principally of Royal Oak and 
 Brown Stout blood, we have seen very few to equal 
 them in England or Scotland. The Hereford blood 
 is a combination of Jeffreys or whiteface with Yeld or 
 Tomkins, which is founded upon the Tully Grey. In 
 Mr. Yeld's hands it became a complete union of light 
 and dark grey with mottle face, while the use of The 
 Knight (185), Sir David (349), Big Ben (248), &c., in- 
 troduced the whiteface element in its highest strength. 
 The Knight and the Big Ben cows (which might be 
 known by their curly coats and dark muzzles) hit best 
 to Silvester (797), who had a double dash of Silver 
 (540) in his pedigree.* As to the hardihood of the 
 Hereford, Mr. Naylor has had the most convincing 
 proof, as he purchased a score of Galloway heifers to 
 cross with them, and found that their produce, which 
 were blacks with white faces, thrive still better than 
 their dams through a Long Mountain winter. 
 
 No nurses are kept, and the period of nursing, even 
 with the Royal in view, seldom extends beyond four 
 months. Mr. Naylor has taken two firsts, &c., at the 
 Royal with Laura and Adjutant (1480), and eight 
 firsts and seconds, as well as a gold medal at Birming- 
 ham and the Smithfield Club. With the exception of 
 Shrewsbury, the herd does not visit provincial shows, 
 but a Napoleon medal in the hall shows that its repre- 
 sentatives did not cross the Channel in vain. A 
 Silvester cow was in training for the next Christmas, 
 and the stages of her girth were duly chalked above 
 
 * Since then Salisbury (2204), Tom King (2830), Patron (2669), 
 Victor (2857), and Prince Arthur (3344) have been used. 
 
 F F 
 
Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 her. On January 2nd, she began at 6 feet 1 1 inches, 
 March 2nd found her expanded to 7 feet 7 inches, and 
 April 4th to 7 feet 9 inches, and there seemed every 
 reason to hope that she would touch Variety, who 
 finally filled the tape at 8 feet 8J inches. This com- 
 fortable-looking daughter of Mistletoe was red and 
 white in large patches, but Mr. Duckham proved her 
 rigid orthodoxy of descent in reply to a newspaper 
 doubter, and her two first prizes at Baker-street and 
 Bingley Hall were suffered to remain unchallenged. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 ** But a plain leg of mutton, my Lucy, 
 
 I pry'thee get ready at three ; 
 Have it smoking, and tender, and juicy, 
 
 And what better meat can there be ? 
 And when it has feasted the master, 
 'Twill amply suffice for the maid ; 
 Meanwhile, I will smoke my canaster, 
 And tipple my ale in the shade. " 
 
 Thackeray. 
 
 Shropshire Sheep Lord Berwick's Herefords Sir Bellingham Graham 
 Coursing at Sundorne Mr. Corbet Old Bob Luther. 
 
 SAMUEL METRE and George Adney may be 
 said to have been the great founders of the " Im- 
 proved Shrop." To hear many of the breeders talk 
 one might fancy that there had never been any 
 " alloy blood" no quality from the Southdown, no 
 fat back from the Leicester ;* but that the Shrop as 
 it now exists is the original " image which fell from 
 
 * As far as we can ascertain, the first cross tried by the late Mr. 
 Meire in 1810 was that with a Southdown bred by Mr. Tench of Brom- 
 field, and as the fleece became very important, a Leicester was used 
 soon after with the best effect as regards wool and mutton. This was 
 all done before ram-breeding in Salop was studied, and its sheep con- 
 sidered a distinct breed. Mr. Samuel Meire brought rams out after 
 
Shropshire Sheep. 435 
 
 Jupiter." We are told that many Southdown rams 
 have gone into the county, and the modern men are 
 said to have been to Mr. Rigden on the same sound 
 mission, to keep up their quality. We have also heard 
 of them purchasing Hampshire Down as well as Ox- 
 fordshire Down rams. Still many of the best flock- 
 masters deny that they use them, and there it must 
 rest. They can take their honest stand on the fact, 
 which no one can gainsay, that as regards breeding 
 and folding, liberal fleece, and power of thriving on 
 damp lowlands no sheep pay more per acre than the 
 " Shrops." The sort were once more park-ranging, 
 and difficult to fence against. The rams of the 
 speckle-faced breed of the country had large horns, 
 and the wethers of the sort were stubborn in coming 
 to maturity, and best for " mutton-eating kings " at 
 three. The long-necked and narrow-sided speckle- 
 faces were more confined to the limestone districts ; 
 while those on the gritstone bore much more re- 
 semblance in look and height to a Leicester, but 
 with very inferior wool. Some breeders are rather 
 fond of forcing the lambs, and putting them to the 
 ram about a month behind the rest of the flock. 
 The result is to open the milk veins to such an extent 
 that they will nurse two lambs better after their second 
 yeaning ; but the loss of size and of life as well, when 
 the lambs happen to fall large, does away very much 
 with the profit. 
 
 " The Shrops " have spread very generally over 
 Warwickshire, Staffordshire, and Worcestershire, and 
 many of the rams have found their way to Leicester- 
 shire, Essex, Cornwall, and Wales, and draft ewes to 
 
 losing all his Herefords with pleuro-pneumonia. He had attended Mr. 
 Ellman's sales in Sussex, and saw how the Southdowns had been 
 managed, and felt sure that he could produce a more valuable animal. 
 The first auction of his rams was held in the Raven and Bell, and 
 proved successful, then at the New Smithfield, and afterwards at 
 Berrington. 
 
 F F 2 
 
436 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 Bucks and Cheshire. Foreigners, and even Norwegians, 
 are fond of them, but in Scotland they have made no 
 head. The damp soil of Ireland suits them to a 
 nicety, and generally at the sales, if no one else will 
 give 61. for a ram, an Irishman is there to snap him. 
 Sometimes a breeder crosses the Channel, and runs a 
 cargo of rams. Australia and Canada occasionally 
 purchase ; but the flockmasters at the Antipodes con- 
 sider them a little too large for their purpose. Five- 
 and-twenty years ago 5/. was thought a great price 
 for a ram, and so was io/. within fifteen years ; but of 
 late they have taken quite a spurt, and no one has 
 done battle so hard and so successfully to give them 
 a position as Mr. Preece. At the Royal meetings 
 they have gradually crept ahead. In 1855 they had 
 special local classes at Colonel Clive's expense at 
 Glo'ster; in 1859, at that of the Warwick Committee; 
 and the following year they took up their ground at 
 Canterbury, and have ever since had separate classes. 
 Except it is an aged sheep, a Shropshire ram is safe 
 to sell, and the Midland men especially bear testimony 
 to their certainty as lamb getters. The Moores and 
 Williams are great middle-men, and buy them all 
 through the county. 
 
 A Roman nose is not liked, and it seldom indicates 
 a nicely-covered sheep. Some of the breeders attri- 
 bute it to a cross with Hampshire, and others with 
 Cotswold. The true Shrop ewes should have pro- 
 minent hazel eyes, short faces rather hollow in the 
 forehead, with not too much whisker, but well covered 
 with short, soft wool, and " speaking " ears rather wide 
 apart. " The muffle is a great catch " with some 
 buyers ; but where it exists, the back is often not so 
 well covered, and narrow loins and a deficiency on the 
 top of the rump often accompany it. As in many 
 other breeds, transparent ears, light scrag, and delicate 
 head indicate fat on the back and along the sides. 
 Irish buyers like the faces dark, while the home 
 
Shropshire Sheep. 437 
 
 breeders are more for a little speckle in the grey, and 
 dead against a fallow face. The grey tip on the nose 
 is quite a Salop hall-mark, and, as it gradually in- 
 creases, it gives the ewes a look of extra age. Lambs 
 will sometimes fall perfectly brown in their coats ; 
 but, if true-bred, they come to the right shade before 
 twelve months are over ; and if their faces are white 
 to begin with, it gradually shades off into the Shrop- 
 shire brown-grey. The breeders get them as wide in 
 the chest as possible, and not too small in the bone, 
 and a very large scrag too often goes with thin and 
 flat sides. Many of them are sheared in March, and 
 clothed till the weather is kind. A well-fed shearling 
 tup will cut iclbs., and we have known them touch 
 1 5 Jibs. It was once the practice to shear the lambs, 
 and get off about lib. all round ; but it was found 
 that they did not winter so well, and they are now 
 dipped instead.* 
 
 * Mr. Samuel Meire's Magnum Bonum holds a high place among 
 the tups, to which reference is made in many a fire-side council. He 
 was used for eleven seasons, and his dam, wh<j was so large in the 
 rumps that no Southdown could serve her, lived ill she was twenty. 
 Perfection, the first-prize shearling at Chester, \t as one of his sons. 
 Mr. Adney's Patentee, by his Buckskin, was beaten in the older class 
 at the same meeting. The Patentees were rather light in their faces, 
 and generally with a speck on their off-hind leg, and with wonderful 
 hardy constitutions. Worcester Patron was his nephew, and is remem- 
 bered for his capital scrag, and one of Patentee's sons, which was let for 
 1 20 guineas, did a great deal for Mr. Byrd. He also did something 
 towards setting up the flock of the Brothers Crane, who are as great in 
 the Shropshire ewe classes at the Royal Agricultural Society, as Mr. 
 Horton in the rams. Liberty, Nobleman, and Celebrity have been the 
 Brothers Crane's best ewe sires. Celebrity was by "Jukes's Sheep," 
 who was always a great wool getter. The Cranes began their career as 
 Royal shearling ewe winners at Canterbury, and they took five firsts and 
 three seconds in 1860-65. Their Leeds seconds are the biggest they 
 ever showed, and were by the sire of Commonwealth. Their ewes by 
 Nobleman came in at Plymouth. Mr. Thornton's Laurel was also a 
 great ewe getter for them. Mr. MaunselFs Macaroni was very cele- 
 brated for his fine coat and rumps. Mr. Coxon's Duke of Newcastle 
 was the first shearling at the Newcastle Royal in a grand class. He was 
 purchased by Mr. Coxon for 8o/., from his breeder, Mr. Thornton of 
 
 or TU 
 
438 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 It is a great sight to go into the Shrewsbury market 
 during the Ram Fair, and find Mr. Preece, that St. 
 George of the " Shrops," at work among his " grand 
 rams" and his " superb ewes." Above you, perched as 
 it were in a little eyrie, is the school which Butler and 
 Kennedy have made so famous, and where France, 
 Riddell, Cope, Bather, Druce, Gifford, Munro, Clark, 
 the Mosses, and Hallam, &c., are among the well- 
 remembered names of first-class classic renown. Mr. 
 Preece speaks in " headlong galloping anapaests" 
 below, as, with a variety of air sawings which remind 
 one of the yeomanry cavalry at sword exercise, he 
 knocks down his 200 rams in six hours. Each ram 
 goes up at five guineas, and on go the biddings by 
 half a guinea to ten guineas, and at a guinea beyond 
 that. Purchasers can't hang half a second, or down 
 
 Pitchford, who had let his sire for 65 guineas ; and he did his new 
 owner good service, as he let 22 rams at 22/. "js. one season. 
 
 According to the Shropshire men, the cross with Hampshire or 
 Southdown shows a tendency to run to gut, and the Hampshire black 
 comes out on the tail and behind the ears. The Southdown has always 
 added quality, and the Hampshire has strengthened the bone and frame 
 generally, and improved the wool. Oxford Downs did the same ; but 
 no Shrop man will allow that they improved the flesh. In some flocks 
 the crossing has been rather wild, and a touch of Lincoln is said to have 
 been introduced. The original speckle features are more due to the 
 sheep on the Longmynd hills, and the dark features and clean, snaky 
 heads, bare of wool on the cheeks and poll, seem to throw back to the 
 Cannock Chase sheep. 
 
 The Clun Foresters may be cousins-german to them ; but they run 
 much more into the Welsh sort, of which there are two quite distinct 
 one with tups whose heads are not much bigger than a jack-hare, and 
 hornless ; and the other with horns, mane, and beard. The original 
 Clun Foresters are gradually disappearing before the Enclosure Com- 
 missioners, and many of them are not above 3lbs. a quarter in excess of 
 the Welsh. They are only brought off the Forest once a year to shear, 
 and then they don't reach 3lbs. Some are kept on the Forest till they 
 are six or seven years old. They are thick, round-rumped sheep, and 
 perfect stoics in enclosed fields, when compared with the Welsh, which 
 have the cunning of the monkey in breaking bounds. They have 
 generally a dark brown face and legs and small horns, with lots of 
 hardihood for the hill, and are capital nurses for early lambs by the 
 Shrop or Leicester, when they are bought for park-feeding. 
 
Lord Berwick 's Herefords. 439 
 
 comes that remorseless stick tap, and another ram is 
 in the sale-pen. Mr. Preece begins at eight A.M., and 
 only ten minutes is allowed for refreshment ; and if 
 you look in again at three, expecting to find his tones 
 like those of a raven in bronchitis, you find him going 
 freer and better than ever. The lover of red mullet, 
 who longed for a throat from London to the Anti- 
 podes, with swallow all the way, might rest contented 
 with having such a windpipe. 
 
 We could not pass Shrewsbury without seeing Lord 
 Berwick's Hereford herd. At any other time we 
 should have delighted to linger in those rich pastures, 
 to which Walford, Attingham, Albert Edward, and 
 Severn had lent so much renown ; but the shadow of 
 death was on the house, and the agonies of an illness 
 such as few have borne were about to receive their 
 grand relief at last. His lordship was able to attend 
 the Canterbury Meeting ; but he made no secret of 
 his conviction that he should leave home no more. 
 He retained all his old pleasantry despite his suffer- 
 ing ; and when he was asked why he thought one of 
 his bulls had been passed over by the judges, he said, 
 " They are so fond of me, they are determined to see 
 me again." 
 
 For a short time after his return he managed to 
 creep out, and look at the Herefords ; but since the 
 beginning of the barley harvest, he had never been 
 seen by his men. Farming was not his only delight 
 when in health. He loved to rear the choicest fowls, 
 and drive the best American trotters, and he made a 
 rifle at his own forge, which one of our first makers, 
 who was in ignorance as to its origin, pronounced to 
 be nearly faultless. He had succeeded to an encum- 
 bered estate, and knowing how to " scorn delights, 
 and live laborious days," he had the courage to be 
 content with his little home at Cronkhill, instead of 
 the stately hall at Attingham, and accomplish the 
 purpose of his life, to leave a clear inheritance for 
 
44O Saddle and Sirloin 
 
 those who were to come after. Sir David had but just 
 left his box, and yielded up his beef of sixteen 
 summers ; the framework of old Albert Edward, a 
 Royal winner at Gloucester and Lewes, was there ; 
 but Severn looked as beautiful as when, after being 
 defeated by Claret at Warwick and Hereford, he met 
 and vanquished him at last in the show ranks at 
 Ludlow.* Will o' the Wisp was also a wonder, with 
 his twist below his hocks, and so was his daughter 
 Adela from Agnes ; and as you loitered through the 
 boxes, you would sometimes see three great yearling 
 bulls of the heavy-fleshed Silver or the larger Rebecca 
 tribe amicably hob-nobbing together. 
 
 At Attingham the deserted stable-yard looked big 
 enough for the Quorn stud ; but it was a sad scene of 
 decay. Part of that fine square was wattled off for 
 the lambing, and as we walked in under the main 
 archway, a troop of rats dashed into cover among the 
 wood heaps and nettles. The rooks were cawing their 
 vespers on the elms, and the old hall, with but one 
 
 * Claret (11,761) by the Knight (185) was bred by Mr. Richard Hill 
 at Golding Hill. Mr. Hill kept, like his father, to the Grey Knight 
 blood, and took a Royal first for bulls at Salisbury, Chester, Warwick, 
 Leeds, and Battersea. Milton by Chanticleer (1173) was his Battersea 
 gold medallist, and Lady Ash his Smithfield gold medallist. His uncle 
 bred a Hereford, which was fed by the Ea/1 of Warwick, and won 
 against some ninety opponents, and his horns are kept in Warwick 
 Castle as a trophy. His cow Shewers also won the first prize at 
 Smithfield in 1859, when it was Pitt Hill, Hill Tudge, and Tudge 
 Pitt, at three fat shows. Jenny Lind, the dam of Milton, hit to no less 
 than eight bulls. Claret was sold for 52 guineas, when he became too 
 fat to work, and was raffled and won by a maltster, who sold him to the 
 late Mr. Bowen of Shrawardine Castle. People bet who had never bet 
 before about his getting calves; but he became fine enough to "go 
 through the eye of a needle," and got several score. He went about at 
 Shrawardine with an iron mask and a chain to his leg, but eventually he 
 turned very savage, and having fulfilled his mission, he was sent to the 
 butcher. 
 
 The foundation of Lord Berwick's herd was laid in February, 1844, 
 at the sale of Mr. Salwey of Ashley Moor, who went entirely for the 
 Knight Grey blood, which his lordship crossed with the white face. 
 
Sir Bellingham Graham. 441 
 
 small lamp burning faintly in its regiment of windows, 
 stood out gaunt and drear in the twilight. It was 
 
 " The sad, old story 
 Of Whig and Tory" 
 
 of that fierce rivalry at the poll, which has laid the axe 
 at the root of many an oak, and left so many old 
 county homes, which once never lacked a fox from the 
 family gorse, or a horse for the County Cup, to the 
 keeping of two old servants. 
 
 We have heard the question put to many a hunting 
 man from eighty to twenty-five, " Did you know Sir 
 Bellingham Graham by sight ?" and the invariable 
 answer was, " No." It would have been strange if 
 they had, as, after achieving a name in nearly every 
 sport, he had given them up, like Sir Charles 
 Knightley, full forty years before he died. After that 
 he was hardly ever seen in public, and passed his time 
 between his Yorkshire seat of Norton Conyers, and 
 Boodles, where he was quite a Lyndhurst on points of 
 
 Tom Thumb (243) of the Knight Grey sort, and of whom his lordship 
 always averred that he would get fat on nettles ; Hotspur (855), bred by 
 Mr. Jeffries ; Wonder (420), sire of Albert Edward, from Mr. J. 
 Hewer ; The Count (351), from Mr. Carpenter of Eardisland ; Walford 
 (871), the sire of Attingham, Severn, and Napoleon 3rd, from Mr. 
 Longmore ; and the eternal Sir David (349) were the principal patri- 
 archs of the herd. His lordship won 27 firsts and seconds at the Royal 
 Agricultural Shows at first more with bulls, and latterly with females. 
 Attingham was first at Carlisle, Walford at Windsor, and Albert 
 Edward at Gloucester and Lewes. At the sale in September 1861, 
 there were 176 lots, and the males averaged 4O/. and the females 287. 
 Silver was sold for 65 guineas with her calf, and seven of the tribe made 
 373/. i6s. Jewess, the youngest of the Rebeccas, stayed at Cronkhill 
 with Conqueror by Sir David, and Apple Blossom (40 guineas), the 
 highest-priced grey, went to Leighton Hall. Carlisle (40 guineas), a 
 daughter of Silver's, became Mr. G. Porter's, and then Mr. Duckham's, 
 and turned out the most lucky of speculative bargains. Severn made 
 46 guineas, or a trifle over butcher's price. Will o' the Wisp (47 
 guineas), Albata (53 guineas), Eva (52 guineas), Agnes (Mr. Baldwin, 
 51 guineas), Beauty (Mr. J. Hewer, 43 guineas), Adela (Her Majesty, 
 57 guineas), and Lord Grey (the only grey bull) departed for Downton. 
 
442 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 hunting law, and seldom absent from the annual 
 dinner of Masters of Hounds. He had enjoyed his 
 baronetcy for just seventy years, and had taken his 
 part in the days of the Regency, when the Prince's 
 court sallied forth for their evening promenade on the 
 Steyne ; the ladies with their high head-dresses and 
 spreading " peacock tails," and the tall young York- 
 shire baronet, the two Mannerses, and Colonels Hellish 
 and Leigh as their esquires. 
 
 He began his M.F.H. career with the Badsworth, 
 and had a taste of the Atherstone and Pytchley. In 
 the latter country, from some cause or other, he be- 
 came very unpopular. His foxes were killed, and on 
 one occasion the very mail was hung with their dead 
 carcases as a sort of defiance. Still he fought on, 
 and determined to have a grand field-day ; he turned 
 down seven brace one night, but not a hound could 
 speak to it in the morning, and he drew every cover 
 blank again. A gamer man never gripped a saddle, 
 and he showed this in an eminent degree when he 
 hunted the Quorn. He had a severe fall one day, and 
 some of his friends propped him up against a stack, 
 while a local practitioner almost bled him into a syn- 
 cope, in conformity with the rude surgical view which 
 then obtained favour on that point. He was taken 
 thence to a farm-house ; but he proved a very hope- 
 less subject, and on the third or fourth day he had 
 himself lifted on to his horse, and tried, pale as a 
 ghost and hardly able to sit upright, to hunt his own 
 hounds. 
 
 His great hunting name was made as Master of the 
 Shropshire and the Albrighton, and it was there that 
 he had Will Staples and Joe Maiden as his whips on 
 300 guinea horses, and latterly Will in command, with 
 Tom Flint and Jack Wiglesworth as his lieutenants. 
 Woodman and Virgin were his favourites in a pack, 
 which was composed of the drafts of his own, which 
 he sold to " The Squire" on leaving the Quorn, 
 
Sir Bellingham Graham. 443 
 
 and that which " The Squire" brought with him 
 from Notts. His hunters had been always more 
 his pride than his hounds, and " for great, good 
 horses" up to fifteen or sixteen stone his stable has 
 perhaps never been equalled. A man cannot for love 
 or money get together nowadays such horses as 
 Freemason, Beeswing, The Baron, Jerry, Paul, Treacle, 
 Cock Robin, &c., in his boxes at one and the same 
 time. After he had given up hounds, he bore part in 
 the merry hunt evenings at The Tiger at Beverley, and 
 it was he who went to have a look at " little Mr. 
 Bethell" in bed with Mr. Tom Hodgson to hold the 
 light. Curiously enough he did so " because I have 
 heard of him all my life and I never saw him," and 
 that was just what people said about him in turn. 
 Mr. Bethell sat up speechless with amazement, when 
 his curtains were drawn aside, and two gentlemen in 
 scarlet appeared to scan him, but he accepted an 
 apology very graciously next morning. Mr. Tom 
 Hodgson delighted in telling the story, and won- 
 dering at his coolness, but old port had to bear the 
 blame. 
 
 In 1816, after five seasons, during which Sir Bel- 
 lingham had only won one race and received forfeit 
 for a match in several attempts over York and Don- 
 caster, he achieved the St. Leger at the third time of 
 asking, with the Duchess, late Duchess of Leven. The 
 good Yorkshire colours of Bishop Burton harlequin, 
 and Hornby Castle chocolate, were next to him on 
 half brother to A'tlsidora and Rasping by Brown 
 Bread, and twice over subsequently the mare showed 
 them that there had been no mistake in the matter. 
 The mare had lost no form when she was brought out 
 to meet the two-year-old Blacklock over two miles 
 the next September, and with two to one on her she 
 won in a canter. These odds were shifted on to 
 Blacklock, and in fact became twenty to one when the 
 pair met over four miles the next year, and the mare 
 
444 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 (then Mr. Lambton's) was pulled up completely beaten 
 half a mile from home. 
 
 We have not space to speak of half of the good 
 coursing grounds in England ; but we cannot pass by 
 Sundorne. If the supply of hares could be depended 
 upon, it is a more delightful spot than any, with its 
 old grass and elms the ancestral home of the Corbets, 
 which brings back to fox-hunting hearts the thoughts 
 of Will Barrow, " another cheer for the blood of old 
 Trojan," and the mouldering mullions of Haughmonc 
 Abbey. The coursing takes place in the park and on 
 the home farms ; the hares are all driven out of the 
 ploughs, wood hurdles are placed against the wire 
 fences, and the crowd have to stand like soldiers. 
 Some of the finest coursing comes off when the hares 
 are driven from The Wood and past the house, for a 
 straight gallop across the park. The little beech tree, 
 with the seat round it, where Tom Raper has often 
 crouched in his red jacket, and bided his time, once 
 with Riot and Hopbine, and again with Hopbine and 
 Reveller in the slips, is as full of venerable associa- 
 tions in its way as " The Bushes" at Newmarket. 
 The hare must be a cracker indeed if she can reach 
 the old oak refuge of Haughmond Hill. 
 
 But Mr. Corbet has gone, and Sundorne coursing 
 days are not what he left them. His father hunted 
 Shropshire as well as Warwickshire ; and his Norman 
 ancestor was not only " a most cunning marksman 
 against hart or doe," but his valour at Acre secured 
 him, from " Richard, the Lion Heart," permission to 
 bear the two ravens on his shield. Another ancestor, 
 one Peter Corbet, was a mighty hunter in the reign of 
 Edward the First, who granted him letters patent to 
 take wolves in the Royal Forests. Being thus bred, 
 as it were, to every phase of the chase, it is no wonder 
 that the late Mr. Corbet took to harriers as soon as he 
 returned from college, and hunted five days a fort- 
 night. He was also a staunch guardian of foxes, and 
 
Mr. Corbet. 445 
 
 very fond of private coursing, which Mr. Henry Lyster 
 of Rowton Castle, near Alberbury, and Mr. Robert 
 Burton, of Longner, whose estate adjoined Sundorne, 
 always shared with him. 
 
 "The Squire" was a tall, good-looking man, and 
 always dressed for these field days in a cut-away black 
 coat, Bedford cords, and long black Hessians. A 
 chestnut roan cob was his favourite mount, and 
 with his trusty eye-glass affixed to his hat, no one 
 enjoyed the sport so much. His staff of coursing 
 retainers were staunch enough to please Will Shaks- 
 peare, if he could have once more taken his " fallow 
 greyhound" and gone forth to " find him a hare on 
 Cotsale," as Morris the huntsman, Caywood the 
 keeper, and Warwick the Master of the Horse,* were 
 the leading three. He had once twenty brace of grey- 
 hounds, and four rare puppies. Cricketer, Coronet, 
 Colonel, and Collie, in one season. Cricketer ran in 
 Mr. Warwick's name, and won nearly 3<DO/. ; but 
 Hughie Graham bowled him over in the Waterloo 
 Cup. 
 
 Rich and poor, all lunched alike in the ruins of 
 Haughmond Abbey on the public coursing days. 
 The beaters would begin under the Ring Bank on the 
 seeds and wheat, and come inside the drive on to the 
 grass, and work gradually up to the Abbey for one 
 o'clock. Mr. Burton, in his white cords and green 
 coat, and mounted upon one of his i6st. hunters, was 
 the field director. His claim was indisputable, even 
 on mere kennel grounds, as he was the breeder of 
 Mocking Bird by Figaro out of Malvina. She was 
 sold at his sale for nine or ten guineas ; but run where 
 
 * Mr. Warwick gave his maiden judgment at Coombe, in 1853, and 
 wore the sc .rlet thrice at the Sundorne meetings, before his good 
 master died. Canaradzo's year (1861) found him at the Waterloo 
 meeting, and he has judged there ever since. In the season of 1867-68 
 he judged 101 days, and decided 2677 courses, and his practice is not 
 diminishing. 
 
446 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 she might, north or south, he was always there to 
 look on. He was very intimate with Mr. Lawrence. 
 Butterfly, by Lopez, was another of his breeding. Mr. 
 Randell's dogs bore a great part in the Sundorne Cup 
 struggles. Will Nightingale loved to tell of a run up 
 between his Rival and Mr. J ebb's No Hurry. It was 
 run off on the Drawbridge Field and The Springs, 
 each of them about forty or fifty acres, and No Hurry 
 killed and won the Cup. Riot and Avalanche was a 
 capital give-and-take course under the Ring Bank, 
 and the black bitch, who made two wrenches and a 
 splendid kill, had just the best of it. Rhapsody had 
 some rare racing stretches in a great course with Ajax, 
 from the " Race Course." 
 
 The Challenge Cup (which was in reality a tea and 
 coffee service of some 6o/. value), to be run off between 
 the winners of the Haughmond and the Pimley stakes, 
 produced some very fine contests. One was in the 
 Autumn of 1856, when "The Squire" was on his 
 death-bed. He loved to hear of every course to the 
 last, and each evening Mr. Warwick, who was first 
 slipper and then judge, went to his bedside and told 
 him of them, point by point. On this last occasion 
 the recital had more than its wonted interest. Revel- 
 ler won the decider for the Pimley Stakes against a 
 fawn dog, Judge, which was hardly in the course, and 
 then Hopbine and Riot ran their last course for the 
 Haughmond Stakes on the lawns before the castle. 
 The hare was driven from the coppice, and every inch 
 of the run was on grass. Hopbine, slightly favoured 
 by the slip, led Riot to the hare, and was quite as 
 clever in all the after work. The Challenge Cup was 
 not run off till the next morning, and then only half- 
 a-dozen m ~ to see it at eight A.M. It was fixed for 
 that hour, that Mr. Warwick might go to judge at 
 Chartley, ; ,nd hence, although the rain came down in 
 torrents, tl icy were obliged to go to work. A hare 
 was found in Gregory's Coppice, and the pair had a 
 
Coursing at Sundorne. 447 
 
 very long slip^ and Hopbine led Reveller, with five to 
 four on him, two lengths to his hare. The dog got 
 the second turn, and then the bitch took possession, 
 and drove her hare to Albright Lea plantation and 
 won. 
 
 The meeting dwindled away after The Squire and 
 Mr. Burton died, but Mrs. Cartwright renewed it in 
 1864. It was there that she laid the seeds of the ill- 
 ness which killed her, and as she was too ill to go to 
 Meg's Waterloo Cup, it was there that her active 
 coursing life ended. A more kindly and energetic 
 woman never breathed. Her stakes were never ad- 
 vertised, and yet she always filled them. Her meet- 
 ings were Longford, Sundorne, Vale of Clwyd (where 
 Sea Pink and Sea Foam came out and won), Talacre, 
 Abergele, with its fine Radland Marshes, and Sud- 
 bury, with its one-hundred-acre Great Hayes, where, 
 as she used to tell with such pride, Ciologa went 
 through a thirty-two dog stake, and had only one 
 point made against her by Klaphonia. She thought 
 that after that performance of Canaradzo's sister she 
 must really give up her idol Riot in her favour. 
 Oddly enough she hated a large greyhound, and yet 
 her house pet was a 6slbs. one, by Beacon from 
 Avalanche. He was given to her by Mr. Ainsworth, 
 and had once the honour of beating Sea Rock in a 
 bye at Abergele. She never ran him in- public, but 
 yet she never left him at home ; and her photograph 
 was taken with him in her hand. 
 
 " In memory of Robert Luther of Acton, who died 
 Sept. Jth, 1862," was the inscription on a funeral 
 card, which was received with sorrow by every fox- 
 hunter in the United Hunt. " Robert " was es- 
 sentially a character, a tall, grey-headed elder, sixty- 
 two, and fifteen stone, and Earl Powis had no farmer 
 of whom he felt more proud. He held a thousand 
 acres under his lordship at Acton, three miles from 
 Bishop's Castle, and was nearly as good a judge of 
 
448 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 " Shrops " and Herefords as he was of fox-hunting. 
 The Hereford bull Chieftain was his property for three 
 seasons before that celebrated steer getter went to 
 Mr. Monkhouse. " Robert " generally contrived to 
 unite business and pleasure, and he made his bargain 
 for the bull just after he had broken up a fox. He 
 might be said to hold the United country in fee simple, 
 and never did man work harder to maintain his posses- 
 sions. On Tuesday he would be at Stanner Rocks, near 
 Kington, and on Friday he would trot up to the meet 
 fifty miles away at Panty Fryd, Montgomeryshire, all 
 fresh and ready on the Tuesday's horse. Once upon 
 a time another pack was set on foot near Kington, 
 and a claim was made to part of the country, but 
 nearly all the landlords stuck to Robert and his 
 "divine right of kings," although the usurpers did 
 cause him a few blank days in his best covers. He 
 dated his introduction to fox-hunting from the days 
 when he joined in without a saddle, and " wrapped my 
 long legs under the horses belly'' Then he became 
 acquainted with Mr. Beddows's father, and entered so 
 well that he at length hunted the hounds for him. The 
 hares had to stand the brunt up to Christmas, and he 
 often boasted that on the last day he hunted hare, some 
 twenty seasons before his death, he came home with 
 his seven brace. 
 
 The hounds were partly the property of Mr. Bed- 
 dows, and were strengthened by the purchase of Mr. 
 Gittas's, a step which brought Luther into the Rad- 
 norshire country. He always hunted twice a week, 
 and was generally at it from the latter end of Sep- 
 tember till the first of April, and left off happy with 
 five-and-twenty brace of " noses." He liked to breed 
 from the " old Welsh blood " of Jones of Cwmbreath, 
 and would let no one have a dip into it. The dog 
 hounds were not very large, but those who stood on 
 the hills and heard them come up the valley like a 
 peal of Lancashire bellringers, cared for no other 
 
Old Bob Luther. 449 
 
 music. Some of his long and low bitches went a 
 better pace and said much less about it. He kept 
 them under very little control, and they were so 
 eager that when they came near a cover they would 
 break away and throw tongue as if they were on a 
 drag. Luther always waited for the body of the pack, 
 and generally seemed to drop on them at the first 
 check, and he did not speak in D minor if any one 
 was meddling with them and getting up their heads. 
 Letting them make it out for themselves was his 
 maxim. He always fed his hounds himself from 
 " the offal of the farm and tail ends " as he expressed 
 it ; but whatever that comprehensive mixture might 
 be, he generally had them in bloom, and if his temper 
 was at " set-fair " he would draw on till dark. He 
 dearly loved a meet at Pilleth or Monaughty Gorse 
 in the Knighton district. " / like the country, and 1 
 like the buoys in it!' was the phrase through which he 
 invariably denoted his preference. Although it was 
 in his country, he never went to Breidden Rocks till 
 within three seasons of his death, and then he had 
 five or six brace of foxes on foot round the Rodney 
 Monument. 
 
 He hated to have a red coat in the field ; and when 
 he saw a fresh one coming he would sidle up to some 
 of his green brigade, whom he could depend upon, 
 and say, " Mind that man, he'll be sure to slwv you the 
 way along /" If he couldn't have a cut at them him- 
 self he liked to have it done by deputy. Still he 
 knew the country so well that he was generally close 
 up at the finish. Top boots were quite as much under 
 his ban as a red coat, and it was only during his last 
 eight seasons that he appeared in a velvet cap. A 
 green swallow tail with light metal buttons, jack 
 boots, and white cords, which he made a point of 
 smudging well with blood at each Whaw Whoop ! 
 were his chosen apparel. His voice in cover was a 
 very melodious one, and his horn shake when he did 
 
 G G 
 
450 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 find was worthy of Herr Kcenig. He jumped nothing; 
 and " Get the hurdle up, or I'll have to get down!' 
 came over and over again in a run. " / never jumped 
 a hurdle in my life : Yes, I did do it once ; I saw two 
 ladies jump a flight in the Stratton country, so I was 
 obliged to follow" was a great saying of his. He 
 never omitted the sequel : " / put my arms round my 
 horse's neck, and saved myself when he knocked the 
 hurdle down'' For his weight, he had good wind and 
 action to the last, and generally led his horse down 
 hill but never up. Rheumatic twinges made it rather 
 hard for him to get into his saddle again, but when 
 he was down and warmed to his work he ran well. 
 
 Latterly he was rather short of heavy weight 
 carriers, but the rat-tail mare, the big bay horse 
 Forester, and old brown Boxer did him good service. 
 Boxer carried him well to the last, and went the same 
 pace all the way, and crept through the most unlikely 
 places. It was " Now, Boxer, come along !" and 
 Boxer would crawl a bit and then " pick himself 
 over" like a very Leotard. The Herefordshire men 
 once sent and asked him to come and have a turn at 
 some foxes which had beaten them at Shelford 
 Bridge, and Luther said it was " like asking advice of 
 an old doctor',' but his horses were knocked up at the 
 time and he had to frame an excuse. 
 
 For nearly thirty seasons he never missed a meet 
 save twice, and on one of those days he was obliged to 
 attend a funeral. Some said that he was unwell 
 on the other day, but very few believed them. Heat, 
 wet, and cold seemed to have no effect on him ; and 
 his fine constitution and abstemious habits made him 
 proof against his habit of rough-drying. He would 
 come home from hunting or farm work wet to the 
 skin, and stand and dry himself before the fire till 
 you could hardly see him for vapour. He lived in an 
 odd, old place, but he kept a good table, and sat at 
 ease with his coat off, his shirt collar and waistcoat 
 
Old Bob Luther. 45 1 
 
 wide open, knee breeches, short boots, and generally 
 pipe in hand. " Robert is an immortal" said the 
 United men, although his hair grew greyer beneath 
 the rusty velvet, but they reckoned him up wrongly. 
 Inflammation settled upon his lungs in August, 1862, 
 and he kept trifling on with it, in defiance of his 
 doctor, and so the strong man bowed his head at 
 last. An hour or two before he died he sent for 
 Bumper and two or three more of his best hounds to 
 his bed-side, and they were almost the last objects on 
 which his eye rested. The pack reverted on his death 
 to Mr. Frank Beddows ; and Mr. John Harris, who 
 had acted with Mr. Amiss as amateur whip to 
 them, took poor " Robert's" horn. 
 
452 
 
 CHAPTER XVI, 
 
 Flush with the pond the livid furnace burned 
 At eve, while smoke and vapour filled the yard ; 
 The gloomy winter-sky was dimly starred ; 
 The fly-wheel with a mellow murmur turned ; 
 While, ever rising on its mystic stair 
 In the dim light, from secret chambers borne , 
 The straw of harvest, severed from the corn, 
 Climbed, and fell over, in the murky air. 
 I thought of mind and matter, will and law. 
 And then of him who set his stately seal 
 In Roman words on all the forms he saw 
 Of old-world husbandry : I could but feel 
 With what a rich precision he would draw 
 The endless ladder and the booming wheel ! 
 
 Did any seer of ancient time forebode 
 This mighty engine, which we daily see 
 Accepting our full harvests, like a god 
 With clouds about his shoulders it might be, 
 Some poet-husbandman, some lord of verse, 
 Old Hesiod, or the wizard Mantuan 
 Who catalogued in rich hexameters 
 The Rake, the Roller, and the mystic Van ; 
 Or else some priest of Ceres, it might seem, 
 Who witnessed, as he trod the silent fane, 
 The notes and auguries of coming change, 
 Of other ministrants in shrine and grange, 
 The sweating statue, and her sacred wain 
 Loud-booming with the prophecy of steam ! 
 
 Charles T. Turner. 
 
 Clayton and Shuttleworth's Works at Lincoln Lincoln Flocks Tom 
 Brooks and John Thompson Aylesby Manor Tuxford and Sons' 
 Works at Boston. 
 
 NO one who has been in Lincoln can fail to have 
 heard of Clayton and Shuttleworth's works 
 " down hill." The twelve acres on which the present 
 premises stand were once a complete morass, and 
 there was nothing for it but to drive down piles 
 
Clayton and Shuttleworlti s Works. 453 
 
 wherever a foundation was to be made. A walk of 
 rather more than half a mile from the High-street and 
 down the Witham-side brings you to the door of the 
 works, the mess-room of which is approached from the 
 outside. It is furnished with rows of ovens at each 
 end, and about 300 of the outlying workmen take their 
 meals there every day a fact to which the heap of 
 milk-cans, each with its curious "hall-mark," bear 
 ample testimony. Just inside the gate grows a vine, 
 facing the south, the only bit of nature that we see in 
 that great workshop of art. Both water and rail are 
 most handy. A canal, running by the centre of the 
 main yard, opens up communication with the river 
 Witham, the Foss Dyke, the Trent, and Humber, for 
 the conveyance of pig-iron from Scotland, deals from 
 the Baltic, &c. ; and a branch line communicating 
 with the various railways is laid down throughout the 
 works, and is furnished with an hydraulic lift and cranes 
 for hoisting the engines and machines on to the 
 trucks.* 
 
 It would take a jury of mechanics two good days to 
 
 * This firm had its origin in 1842, when the brothers-in-law, who had 
 been in a different line of business on opposite sides of the present Stamp 
 End Dock, began to make thrashers and portable engines on a small 
 scale. The nucleus of the manufactory was a row of workshops on the 
 side of the Witham, with offices above them. The treacherous nature of 
 the soil is proved by the crumbling state of some small walls which 
 are not built on piles ; but all those difficulties were overcome, and 
 gradually six acres have been covered with buildings, while the other 
 six are devoted to yards and the stacking of timber. Much of the earlier 
 business was confined to the casting of water-pipes (including those for 
 the many miles of water-service from Miningsby brook to Boston), and 
 general railway work, as instanced by a bridge across the Trent for the 
 Nottingham and Grantham Railway ; but in 1849, when the firm com- 
 menced exhibiting their portable engines and thrashers, and were 
 awarded a prize by the Royal Agricultural Society at the Norwich meeting, 
 they determined to take up this branch of agricultural engineering as their 
 specialty, and devote their whole energies to its development. The 
 result was that the plain thrashing-machine gradually received the addi- 
 tion of shakers, riddles, blowers, elevators, and screens, and stood forth 
 as the complete finishing machine of 1854. Gradually the firm has 
 lengthened and strengthened its stakes until above 1200 workpeople are 
 
454 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 compass the twelve acres and report upon the things 
 which they had seen and heard. To us the task seems 
 about equivalent to describing Niagara. The first 
 shop we enter is the turning, fitting, and erecting de- 
 partment, filled with lathes and slotting and drilling 
 machines in great variety. Three cranes traverse the 
 top of the erecting-shop, and lift all the heavier engine- 
 fittings on to the boilers. Here we counted twenty- 
 eight portable and two fixed engines in process of erec- 
 tion, and three old ones in for repairs. A side-door leads 
 into the stores, where a large number of connecting- 
 rods, cylinders, chimneys like huge inverted hats, 
 governors which regulate the pace by their ball-laden 
 arms, and all the other component parts of engines, 
 
 employed at Lincoln, and about 400 more at the branch workshops at 
 Vienna and Pesth. 
 
 The first catalogue was published in 1850. In 1855 it was translated 
 into German and French for the Paris International Exhibition, and 
 gradually into nearly all the European languages. It had to record no 
 common triumph, the firm having taken a leading position at all the in- 
 ternational exhibitions namely, the prize medal in London, 1851 ; the 
 first-class medal at Paris, 1855; two prize medals in London, 1862; and 
 a gold medal at Paris, 1867, for portable engines and thrashing machines. 
 At the Royal Bury Meeting, in 1867, every first prize for steam-engines 
 (against twenty-five competitors), as well as I5/. for a finishing thrashing 
 machine, and a silver medal for special improvements, fell to their lot. 
 Besides these, a great number of medals and money prizes have been 
 gained by them at Royal and local shows in England and on the Conti- 
 nent. Up to the present time the firm has sent out over 9700 engines 
 and 8600 thrashing machines. The great corn-growing districts on the 
 Danube have been one of its principal foreign spheres, and for more 
 than ten years past it has supplied Hungary, Wallachia, Bessarabia, 
 South Russia, Australia, Chili, &c. Besides the branches at Vienna and 
 Pesth already referred to, the firm has established agencies in all parts 
 of the world. Their finishing machines and their engines are to be 
 found, as a writer in the Mechanics' Magazine puts it, "not merely in 
 the happy homesteads of England, but also in the steppes of Russia, 
 the pusztas of Hungary, the Canadian prairies, and in the Australian 
 bush." In short, by the system of complete division of labour which 
 has been adopted, and the introduction of special machine tools classi- 
 fied according to the variety of work to be done, a degree of perfection 
 in the workmanship is reached which can be attained by no other 
 means. 
 
Clayton and ShuttlewortJi s Works. 455 
 
 are held ready for the erector's use. Each set of fit- 
 tings is ticketed with the name of the man who put 
 them together, so that he is at once responsible for 
 his judgment if anything goes wrong. So completely 
 is this system carried out that each engine as it leaves 
 the shop, receives a number, and is registered in a 
 book, with the position of the tubes and every par- 
 ticular. Hence if repairs are needed there is no diffi- 
 culty in identifying and sending off what is wanted to 
 any part of the world. We glance at the brass-cast- 
 ing house and its clay cores and boxes full of red 
 Mansfield sand, and carry away with us from another 
 place the recollection of some open sand-castings on 
 the floor, which look like a gridiron of fire, sacred to the 
 departed Beefsteak Club. 
 
 Now we are out in the open once more, with three 
 graceful chimney-stalks, each 100 feet above us, and 
 winding our way among the engines in the test-shed. 
 They are tested to double the working pressure by 
 means of cold water through a force-pump ; and, as it 
 has not the same expansive power as hot, all danger 
 of explosion is avoided. The great forge house, of 
 some 1 80 feet long by 80 feet wide and 20 feet in 
 height, was our delight. Its white walls and chimneys, 
 under each of which a couple of the fifty-two furnaces 
 stand, give the whole a cool and pleasant look, while 
 the smiths, with their white nightcaps., are busy at 
 their anvils, and six steam hammers do their won- 
 drous and remorseless part. The most beautiful 
 process is fixing the tires on wheels. A tire is taken 
 red-hot out of the furnace, and fitted on to the wheel, 
 above a sort of tank. In an instant the whole edge 
 of the wheel is one mass of flames, and then it sinks 
 suddenly beneath the water. For a minute or more 
 the surface is covered with graceful wreaths of white 
 smoke, and the union of wood and iron is made ; and 
 some rivets complete the work. There is one little 
 smith's shop under the roof of the turning department 
 
456 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 in which merely the tools are made ; and its neatness 
 is such that we seem to fancy that we have some pic- 
 ture catalogue in our hands, and have just arrived at 
 " Interior of a Dutch Smithy." We also marked the 
 mode in which the pattern is withdrawn from the 
 mould by machinery, without any of the risk which 
 attends the handling of even the most experienced 
 and skilful workman. The boiler-shop is a most 
 spacious apartment, 255 feet long by 190 feet broad, 
 where punching and shearing machines are doing their 
 work with a gusto which seems almost human. 
 After a little more experience of the clatter of ham- 
 mers and the deep, dull thud of the steam rivetters, 
 we are glad to change to the " lagging" house, and 
 witness the casing of engines with felt, wood and iron ; 
 and then we quit the birthplace of these green-with- 
 chocolate wheeled monsters for the painting-shop, 
 where the thrashing machines are receiving their drab- 
 and-red facings. Four are there, radiant with paint, 
 and destined for England, Wallachia, Bessarabia, and 
 Bohemia. Their framework, when intended for use 
 in Europe, is composed of oak, and when in Egypt, 
 India, &c., of teakwood. In the lighter departments 
 hard by, the workmen are busy with tin cups for 
 corn elevators, and wire riddles ; and anon we are 
 among huge barrels of raw linseed oil and other de- 
 lights of the kind, which would no doubt make a 
 Russian or a Laplander desire a tasting order on the 
 spot. 
 
 One side of the works is pretty nearly devoted to 
 shops for wood-drying, when it has come in from its 
 weather probation in the yard ; and upon each stack 
 of wood, oak, ash, elm, and pine in the yard, the date 
 of stacking, the quantity, and the thickness are 
 marked.* The oak which is intended for the spokes 
 
 * Situated in the centre of the woodyard is the woodshop, where are 
 vertical, circular, and band saws ; tenoning, mortising, and planing 
 
V OfTH?- 
 
 UNIVERSIT 
 
 Lincoln Flocks. 457 
 
 of wheels is all split, so as to get it along the grain. 
 This wood, which principally comes from Hereford- 
 shire, Warwickshire, and Northamptonshire, is also 
 exclusively used for the frames of thrashing-machines. 
 The axle-beds are made of ash, and so are the felloes 
 of the wheels, as no wood, save the old witch-elm, 
 which is hard to get, can rival it in elasticity. Maho- 
 gany is also required for the riddles, but it is of the 
 Bay-wood kind, and perfectly free from knots, which 
 is not the case with the Honduras. We might have 
 lingered for hours as a silent watcher in the wood 
 machine-shop, where the steel arm and that of thew 
 and muscle combine in planing, and finishing, and 
 drilling holes, and other curious arts ; but it was 
 Saturday, and the dinner-bell was sounding the close 
 of the labours of the week. 
 
 About fifty thousand Lincoln wethers are generally 
 brought out at Lincoln Fair, which is held on the 
 Friday after the last Tuesday in April. It is just the 
 time when the marshes and the rich lands of Boston 
 and Spalding want the hoggs from the turnip fields of 
 the wold and heath. The Silver Cup given by the 
 Lincolnshire Bank for the best five-score of hoggs, has 
 fallen into disuse, as the flockmasters learn the strength 
 of their neighbour's hand, and will not try. The late 
 Mr. Greetham won it for several years, and he has 
 
 machines, for preparing the frame timbers and boards of the thrashing 
 machines before they are laid in the above-mentioned seasoning- sheds. 
 Here, also, all the wood wheels required for the engines, thrashing 
 machines, and straw elevators (from 100 to 160 per week) are made. 
 Amongst the special tools in this department we noticed a clever spoke- 
 lathe, which is prepared to turn any shape, whether round, square, or 
 oval, according to the pattern given to copy from. The refuse timber, 
 sawdust, and shavings made by the machinery in this shop drop through 
 holes in the floor, and are used for heating the steam boilers. There is 
 still the "case-hardening" to notice, by which process a surface as hard 
 as steel is produced on such of the working parts of the engines and 
 machines as are subject to wear. This consists in heating them for a 
 number of hours in a furnace surrounded by a composition, and plunging 
 them, while hot, into cold water. 
 
45 8 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 made 4/. iSs. for a hundred.* Some few put Lincolns 
 on Leicesters, but it is the more common practice to 
 use the Leicester tup, and Mr. Greetham had a strong 
 dash of Aylesby blood on his fine Lincoln foundation. 
 Manchester, Wakefield, and the manufacturing dis- 
 tricts are the largest consumers of Lincoln mutton. 
 There is plenty of it to spare, as Lincolnshire has but 
 one large town in it, and being thinly populated 
 throughout, it is a larger exporter of farm produce 
 than any other county in England. The Lincoln tup 
 hoggets will regularly cut half a tod of wool (i4lbs.) 
 on turnips. Mr. Walesby has dangled in vain before 
 the breeders' eyes for years a prize for a tod (281bs.) 
 tup-fleece, but none of them have taken it. The wool 
 goes principally to Bradford to make bombazines, or 
 to be worked up with Continental short wools. Some 
 of the manufacturers are buying the best lustre that 
 they can to replace alpaca. The finest lustre wool is 
 
 * The Biscathorpe letting was not so successful as usual in 1869, but 
 Mr. Dudding of Panton, took an aged sheep for 66!., and the plum of 
 the shearlings went to Mr. Going of Ireland for 65/. The joint ave- 
 rage for the 60 shearlings, 32 two-shears, and 28 three-shears, was 
 I2/. 2s. 6d. Mr. Kirkham's letting average in 1864 was 22/. I2s. \d. 
 for 150 rams. The ram which headed the lettings at i6o/. was let for 
 I37/. in '65. Very few breeders like to lack a Chaplin sheep, as the 
 flock is about the oldest in the county. In 1869, the ten shearlings and 
 four aged sheep let at Panton averaged iql. 2s. i$d. Two of the former 
 made 3i/. and 3O/. Sixty-six shearlings and old sheep were sold at 
 an average of I7/. 14^. 2d., three of them making 4O/. each, and another 
 36/. The Panton flock has been bred on the Panton farm for ninety 
 years. Old Panton, who has done yeoman service in improving the 
 breed, was bred by Mr. Dudding, sen., about twelve years ago, and sold 
 to Mr. Kirkham, when four years old at 70 guineas. His produce may 
 be safely averred to have made more money than any sheep in England. 
 The Messrs. Dudding (who sold fifty rams at an average of 2O/. 9^. $d. 
 this year, and made the best average in Lincolnshire) lamb 800 ewes, 
 and clip, with hoggs, over 1200. The other leading ram breeders in the 
 county of Lincolnshire are Messrs. Morris, Clark, Kirkham, Chaplin, 
 Vessey, Casswell, Davy, and Gilliat ; the old flock is now reduced and 
 in the hands of Mr. Walker of Durham ; and the largest flockmasters 
 are Messrs. Sowerby, Bramley, Ealand, Fieldsand, Chatterton, Welsh, 
 Tharpley, and Martin, who lamb from 1000 to 500 each. In 1866, the 
 
Tom Brooks. 459 
 
 at once the produce of the strong chalk and the marsh 
 land. It flourishes on the east side of the county, 
 beginning from the Barton marshes on the Humber 
 side, and so by Caistor and Louth to Spilsby. It also 
 follows the rich land from Lincoln to Peterborough, 
 by Market Deeping, and over the marsh-land tract of 
 Spalding, Holbeach, and Long Sutton, to the very 
 borders of Norfolk. 
 
 Lincolnshire lost a fine old sportsman in Mr. 
 Thomas Brooks, or " Tom Brooks" of Croxby, as he 
 was familiarly called. For many years past Tom had 
 officiated as judge at the Royal and other great 
 shows. He liked being among the hunter or the 
 blood-horse classes ; and his stalwart figure, with his 
 rather high broad shoulders, thinnish legs, and some- 
 what small, weather-beaten head, made him a man of 
 mark in the centre of the ring. He knew his work 
 thoroughly, and would not brook " veterinary dicta- 
 tion ;" and his rejoinder when one of them raised his 
 
 late Mr. Greetham sold 220 hoggs off his Riseholme Farm at the Lin- 
 coln April Fair at 5/. each. 
 
 We read in the Farmers* Magazine: "In 1826, Mr. Dawson, of 
 Withcall, killed a three-shear sheep, weighing 964 Ibs. per quarter ; a 
 two-shear weighing Qilbs. per quarter; and a shearling, yilbs. per 
 quarter. Mr. Robert Smith in his report of Lincoln sheep at the War- 
 wick Show, states that ' he has known 14-months-old lamb-hoggs slaugh- 
 tered at Lincoln April Fair, thirty together averaging 35lbs. per quarter, 
 and one hundred together clipping I4lbs. of washed wool each. It is 
 not the common practice for breeders of Lincolns to have them fit for 
 the butcher at 14 or 15 months old ; but they are generally kept until 
 they are 22 to 28 months old, when their weight will be from 30 to 4Olbs. 
 per quarter, and they cut a second fleece weighing from 10 to I4lbs. 
 The weight of wool of an entire flock, under fair average management, 
 is about 841bs. each ; in some cases, especially on good layer, this 
 weight no doubt is exceeded. Mr. John Clarke's Lincoln prize ram 
 clipped 5 1 fibs, of wool in three years, an average of 174 Ibs. each year; 
 while a neighbour of his, in 1859, clipped 327 hogget fleeces, which 
 weighed altogether 130 tods, an average of over 1 1 Ibs. per fleece. The 
 Lincoln breeders consider the mutton of admirable quality, having less 
 fat, and a greater portion of fine-grained lean flesh, than the Leicester. 
 The ewes are good breeders, but like the Cotswolds and Leicesters they 
 are not good sucklers." 
 
460 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 hat, and remarked, " It seems then that I may retire 
 I am not wanted here," caused many a laugh 
 among those who "could see Tom saying it." To 
 the last he could go a burster in the hunting field for 
 a short distance, and no one loved the sport better, or 
 remembered more accurately the work of every great 
 Brocklesby hound. Old William Smith's name 
 brought up many a racy story, told in a dry, quiet 
 way. He bought a large number of hunters for Baron 
 Rothschild ; and although he did not bother about 
 breeding blood stock, he liked a race dearly. We well 
 remember meeting him in the paddock on Carac- 
 tacus's Derby-day, and his telling us that he " didn't 
 quite see the winner," but he had his eye on Lord 
 Clifden, as a regular clinker for the next Derby, and 
 that he should never see such a two-year-old again. 
 He was also a capital judge of cart-horses (although he 
 hated the job), and a grey he met at the Worcester 
 Royal was the apple of his eye. 
 
 A few weeks before his death he had the misfortune 
 to have one of his little fingers chopped off in a cir- 
 cular sawing machine. It did not heal well, and at 
 last he applied some salve, which cured it, perhaps 
 too quickly. After that he burnt the back of one of 
 his hands severely. Both of these accidents told on 
 him ; and then he got very wet over a farm valuation. 
 On reaching home he took to his bed, and lay there 
 from the Tuesday to the next Monday, when he died. 
 Lincolnshire will long think of her fine old hunting 
 " worthy." 
 
 Mr. John Thompson, on the other side of the 
 Humber, died not many weeks before him. For some 
 time past he had been complaining slightly of illness, 
 and Mr. Teale, the celebrated surgeon of Leeds, had 
 warned him that his heart was affected, and that he 
 must beware of all excitement. However, Sir Clif- 
 ford Constable's staghounds came to look for an out- 
 lying deer, and to uncart a fresh one if they failed to 
 
Aylesby Manor. 461 
 
 find it. He came out on a horse which his son had 
 purchased from Captain Percy Williams, and was de- 
 lighted with his mount, as he did not previously think 
 that it was up to his weight. His friends were sur- 
 prised at his wonderful spirits ; and there is no doubt 
 he over-exerted himself in clambering up the side of 
 one of the Holderness drains. He chaffed an old 
 friend who followed, and required some help from a 
 hunting whip. Five minutes after that he must have 
 felt dizzy and dismounted for a minute. Only one 
 person, a girl, saw him ; and she said that he stood 
 for a minute or two holding his horse's rein, and 
 then sank down as his hand slackened its hold. He 
 must, in fact, have died as he stood. There were 
 few men more beloved and honoured, and the Royal 
 lost a very useful shorthorn and sheep judge by his 
 death. 
 
 Hull was plenteously placarded by its four ex- 
 pectant M.P.'s, to prove that " Codlin, not Short, 's 
 your friend" in Downing Street ; and we were glad 
 to be over the Humber, and among the sixty-eight 
 big and thick-fleeced rams at Aylesby Manor Quid, 
 Patron, Rifleman, Romulus, and Co. These Lei- 
 cesters are from the flock of eighty years' standing, 
 which the Philip Skipworths made with Garrick, 
 Granby, and Aylesby A (for whom the Leicestershire 
 Society made a 3OO/. offer in vain), and which Mr. 
 Torr has kept up by constant resort to head quarters 
 at Normanton, Barrow, and Holmpierrepont. It was 
 the ram-letting day, but some familiar faces John 
 Booth, Nainby, Frank lies, Gibbons, and Tom Brooks 
 were lacking when we sat down in the old barn, 
 whose rafters once rung with their merry jokes and 
 speeches, and we could only drink to their memories. 
 The old kennel yard below is full of yearling Booth 
 bulls. Few could recognise in it now any traces of 
 its original mission ; but even before the days of the 
 Pretender, the combined packs of Pelham and Tyr- 
 
462 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 whitt sallied forth from it at dawn, to try the furzes 
 for fox or hare, and had miles upon miles of unen- 
 closed breezy wolds for their hunting grounds. 
 
 Aylesby Manor is pretty nearly the centre of the 
 2300 acres which Mr. Torr has in hand, principally 
 under Mr. Drake and Colonel Tomline, M.P. He has 
 also 300 acres of grass, and 250 of marsh on the 
 Humber side near Immingham and Stallingboro', 
 and an outlying farm at Rothwell, where three 
 sycamores mark the highest point of the Lincolnshire 
 wolds. However, when behind " the iron horse," or 
 flying over the grass by the roadside on the " wolds- 
 man's pony," he makes very little account of time and 
 space ; and what with home to wit, calling his orders 
 out of his bedroom window at 5 A.M. and county and 
 Royal Agricultural business, few men have thrown 
 such an intense earnestness into life, or worked so 
 hard for others. At home, if you see a distant and 
 ever-moving figure in the park, and not unfrequently 
 in shirt-sleeves for coolness, among the heifers or the 
 ewes, there is no mistaking " Torr of Riby," although 
 he is not exactly " composed" after his presentation 
 portrait by Knight, R.A., a 340 guinea tribute from 
 his friends. Inventing a prize gate, or sketching out a 
 new set of farm buildings, or planning a model cottage, 
 or giving evidence on cattle transit .before the Privy 
 Council, or making an after-dinner speech, or rising 
 on a point of finance or a change in the prize-sheet at 
 the Smithfield Club and Hanover-square, come equally 
 natural to one " with the concentrated energy of half- 
 a-score of men." Riding-horses he does not keep ; 
 but the old black pony by Highflyer had thirteen 
 Primo foals, all black, with white ticks, seven colts 
 and six fillies, and averaging fourteen three. Dr. 
 Beevor's Bobby was used on these fillies, and from 
 them the present riding-stud had its origin. Every- 
 thing must be unique and pure of its kind. At 
 Aylesby the cats are all black, and the game-cocks 
 
Aylesby Manor. 463 
 
 and hens black-breasted reds; Captain Barclay's 
 Dorkings flourish at Riby and the Dales; Rouen 
 ducks at Rothwell and Riby ; and in the long sedgy 
 lake at the head of Irby Dales Glen scores of black 
 Buenos Ayres ducks, with their burnished green heads, 
 are disporting themselves along with the water-hens. 
 The grand array of Vanguard cows Gloamin, 
 Gleamy, Glittering Star, Golden Gem, Glisten, 
 Genuine Gem, and Gauntlet have died out, and in 
 the Church pasture we looked on the massive white 
 Bracelet 4th, the last of the old cow's descendants in 
 female tail, and ripening to go off on grass at about 
 9Ost. Guide Post and Genoa, with the fine old head, 
 were " up" for Christmas ; Lady Zillah and Warrior's 
 Plume were the North Lincolnshire prize heifers of 
 the year ; but still the buxom Cherry Queen 4th, with 
 second Royal honours awaiting her, was the dainty 
 queen of the cow yards. There too was Blink Bonny, 
 the good thick matron, with the short tail. She was 
 once put up for fat, and honourably earned her re- 
 prieve by being in calf. Weal Royal with the true 
 Booth loin, Fair Dane, the pale red Flower of 
 Denmark, Clarence Flower, Mountain Flower, and 
 Bright Queen were among the beauties in the park, 
 and Weal Bliss was ripening for future shows in 
 Canada.* 
 
 * Mr. Torr commenced hiring bulls from Killerby and Warlaby in 
 1844, and began with Leonard for two seasons. Since then he has had 
 Baron Warlaby, Vanguard (for six seasons, and again to help Hope- 
 well), Sir Leonard, Crown Prince, Hopewell, British Prince, Fitz- 
 clarence, Prince of Warlaby, Royal Bridegroom, British Crown, and 
 Governor General, with Helmsman, Roseberry, Thornberry, Leonidas, 
 Brideman, Clarence, Monk, Lord Blithe, and Mountain Chief in aid. 
 Dr. M'Haleand The Druid were hired from Mr. Barnes in Ireland; and 
 Booth Royal, Breast Plate, Killerby Monk, and Blinkhoolie have been 
 the home-bred Booth bulls in use. Vanguard got no show bulls but 
 Grey Gauntlet. His cows, of which we have mentioned the finest, 
 had great size, fine hair, and deep flesh. Several of the above were 
 amongst the 16 cows and one bull which died of splenetic apoplexy a 
 few years since. Water Nymph is the last of them ; and, one with 
 
464 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 From Aylesby Manor, its claims of long descent 
 from Burgess and from Booth in field and fold, and 
 the sum-total of its other agricultural activities, we 
 pass to Boston, or the metropolis of the fens. Time 
 was when we thought nothing of getting out of the 
 train at Louth and walking ten miles west, for an hour 
 with Jack Morgan on the Southwold flags ; but we 
 have no such mission now, and leaving Spilsby, a 
 little red-roofed town on a hill, to our right, we cross 
 the Witham, whose pike have "none like," hard by 
 the big sluice gates and the glorious lantern tower of 
 St. Botolph's. It looks down on a diocese of count- 
 less towers and spires. They stand in serried rank like 
 
 another, Vanguard left full 200 head of stock on the place. During 
 the year that Vanguard was exchanged for Crown Prince, he got Bride 
 Elect at Warlaby. Fitzclarence left grand cows, and British Prince 
 good substance and ribs on his stock. At one time there were 26 
 heifers by him, all very light roans with cherry necks. Baron Warlaby 
 and Royal Bridegroom both got good bulls. Dr. M'Hale's stock had 
 a fine outline, but were a little too high on the leg. Mr. Torr has sold 
 upwards of 200 yearling bulls, at an average of more than 5<D/., to all 
 parts of the world, not excepting Bessarabia and South Russia. 
 
 The herd has sprung from nine tribes, (i) The Bracelets^ which 
 represent Killerby, became extinct with Bracelet 4th. (2) The Ribys 
 and Brights date to Rennet and Blanche 2nd, representing Studley. 
 Rennet by Fanatic was bought for 40 guineas at Mr. Marjoribanks's sale, 
 and bred three bulls, which were sold for 44O/. Her heifer Riby Rose 
 by Vanguard brought the tribe out. Blanche 2nd by Zadig came from 
 the Greys, and there was only a cross or so difference between hers and 
 Sylphide's pedigree. Blanches are all " Brights ; " and Bright Queen 
 and Bright Dew by Fitzclarence are the best of the sort. (3) The 
 Barmpton herd has descendants through Sweetbriar or rather Flora of 
 Farnsfield, a daughter of a very good cow Formosa by Sir Thomas. 
 From her sprang the Flower tribe, a particularly favourite one with Mr. 
 Torr. Of these Flower Girl by Londesboro' was the chief; and there 
 were three good Vanguard sisters Flower Nymph, Flower Maid, and 
 Flower Lady. (4) The Sylph is composed entirely of descendants 
 of Sylph through Lady of the Manor and Lady Mary Bountiful, 
 daughter of Belinda by Ranunculus. They are another branch of the 
 Milcote Charmer or Sweetheart tribe. (5) Fawsley was only repre- 
 sented by the Garland tribe, but they are all gone. They sadly lacked 
 hair and style. (6) There are only three Telluria females to represent 
 that once leading cow at Wiseton* (7) The Hartforth goes back 
 through Cherry Duchess 3rd by Second Grand Duke to Old Cherry. 
 Cherry Queen 4th by Royal Bridegroom is one of the most promising 
 
Aylesby Manor. 465 
 
 martello outposts all along the Wash, from Sutton to 
 Fishtoft, where John Conington of Boston, one of the 
 very foremost classical scholars of the century, has 
 just been laid to rest at only 44. It has needed cun- 
 ning chartsmen to map out the shifting channels amid 
 all that treacherous sand ; and we marvel as we read the 
 sea-lore, which tells how " if it be night, you should keep 
 Lynn Well Light E.N.E. until Hunstanton Light ap- 
 pears a deep red, and then anchor in 7 or 8 fathoms," 
 et cetera. Drains and sluices have done a wondrous 
 work on that once dreary level, and made it a land of 
 rich farms and pleasantly-shaded gardens instead of a 
 
 heifers in the herd, to which this tribe has principally contributed 
 females. (8) Kirklevington is represented by the Water Witches, whose 
 dam Water Witch by Fourth Duke of Northumberland was bought at 
 Rev. T. Gator's sale. She had seven females, which have swelled to 
 forty. Baron Warlaby crossed best with this Waterloo tribe, as Van- 
 guard was too big for them. Warrior's Plume by Breast Plate is quite 
 a crack amongst them. (9) Mr. Robson of Cadeby> near Louth, 
 furnished a tribe from Moon Beam and Gold Beam. They are all G's 
 and M's, but the G's are the best of the two. 
 
 The flock consists of 1200 breeding ewes, of which 500 are pure 
 Leicesters, kept entirely at Aylesby. No lean stock is sent to market, 
 the whole of the lambs being fed on the farms, as well as some lean 
 ones in addition, which are bought in the autumn to make up for losses, 
 &c. At Riby the proportion of gimmers annually introduced into the 
 flock is fully one-third ; but at Aylesby it is less, as fine breeding ewes 
 are kept on to an indefinite age. 
 
 In 1848 Mr. Torr succeeded the younger Philip Skipworth (whose 
 father gave 600 guineas for a ram from Leicestershire) in the occupation 
 of Aylesby, and bought the pure Leicestershire flock of 400 ewes for 
 1500?. Since then the tups used have been almost entirely hired from 
 Burgess and Sanday ; one or two others, however, have been obtained 
 from Buckley and Stone. All the new blood has, therefore, been 
 obtained from the purest flocks of Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire. 
 
 The letting-books of the last twenty years show how much, and how 
 widely, Aylesby blood is appreciated. A very large number of rams 
 have gone to Ireland, some to France, Australia, and California, and a 
 few even to Jamaica and St. Helena ; while Mr. Torr numbers amongst 
 his home customers residents in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and most of 
 the English counties. 
 
 After Mr. Torr's death the flock and the herd were sold by auction 
 at Aylesby Manor in September, 1875 the ewes averaged just five 
 guineas, and the 17 rams I7/. Js. 6d., but the herd met with an ex- 
 traordinary sale, upwards of three thousand people were present, and 
 the 84 head averaged 5io/. 19*. ; the flock and the herd realising 
 together 44,395^ n j - *>d. HH 
 
466 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 home for the wild duck and the heron. Its inhabitants, 
 contrary to the old belief, are not web-footed, and 
 ague is unknown. Oats have long since lost their 
 monopoly of the soil. The carrot yield has been 
 thirty tons to the acre ; and wheat on warp land has 
 touched nine quarters. Woad with its seven-inch 
 leaves, springing from a carrot-like root, yields its 
 triple harvest for three years, and when pulled and 
 dried on wicker flakes is packed off to Leeds as a 
 mordant for blues and blacks. It lays no tax on 
 the wheat-feeding properties of the soil, and hence 
 wheat can be taken after it for three years in succes- 
 sion. 
 
 The warrens on the wolds above Alford have been 
 enclosed and cultivated within the last thirty years. 
 At " Hairby Hill" thousands of rabbits were slaugh- 
 tered yearly for the sake of their silver-grey pelts, 
 which were forwarded to St. Petersburgh, and their 
 carcases disposed of for 4^. to 8^. a couple at Louth, 
 Alford, Spilsby, and Boston. Between Burgh or 
 " Boro" (as many term it) and the sea is a portion of 
 a tract of marsh land extending from Grimsby to 
 Boston, which is considered the finest grazing land in 
 England. It is truly the land of " twenty thorpes," 
 and a tale still lingers among those parishes of a parson 
 who resided at a distance from his cure, and was called 
 to account by his bishop for having omitted to hold 
 service for several Sundays. He replied to his lord- 
 ship after this fashion, " The roads are so bad, my 
 lord, that I defy the devil himself to get to the parish ; 
 but when the spring sets in and the roads are passable, 
 I promise to be there in time, and give his majesty a 
 dusting." It was in this neighbourhood that an 
 eccentric farmer lived, who, rather than pay the nag- 
 horse tax, which was levied in the height of the French 
 war, sold his nag-horses and rode regularly to Spilsby 
 market on a saddled cow. Spilsby was the early 
 home of Sir John Franklin, and a few miles further 
 
Tuxford and Sons Works at Boston. 467 
 
 west is Revesby Abbey, the residence (before it was 
 rebuilt) of Sir Joseph Banks, who " stocked the park 
 with kangaroos." The old baronet sent a lot of them 
 to Brocklesby, where Lord Yarborough allotted them 
 a paddock, and every comfort and convenience. In 
 fact they were one of the lions of the place. 
 
 Seventy years ago, before Mr. William Wedd Tux- 
 ford, senior, erected his eight-sail mill in Skirbeck, no 
 fine wheats were grown on the fens, and it was long 
 after that time before millers ceased to send for their 
 finer flour into the Stamford and Spalding districts. 
 " Velvet Red " was then sown, and in due time it had 
 a successful rival in " Red Porky," or hog-backed 
 wheat. This humble windmill, which " all the bugle 
 breezes " only kept at work on the average for every 
 third day, until steam power stepped in, was the germ 
 of the works of Tuxford and Sons. It stands still 
 keeping watch and ward over the busy life which it 
 called into being, and not far from it is the grey tower 
 of Skirbeck church, which has borne many a hundred 
 months of that " hard grey weather " which blows 
 from the Eastern sea. The first mechanical link be- 
 tween " the wind wheel " of the past and the finishing 
 machine and portable engine of the present was on 
 this wise : During a very wet summer Mr. Tuxford 
 had been at great trouble to separate the sprouted 
 wheat by hand, and hence his flour made lod. per 
 stone beyond any in the Boston market. As his busi- 
 ness increased, he had to consider how the same 
 process could be effected in machinery, and after much 
 thought he solved the problem of the double motion 
 reeing sieve. He then applied to a craftsman in the 
 town to make the castings for his machinery, but that 
 philosopher dreaded a rival at his very doors, and 
 refused. Even the offer to give him the Birmingham 
 price, plus the carriage, failed to persuade him, and 
 the first reeing machine was built without his aid. A 
 picture of it, well worn with time, still holds the pride 
 
468 Saddle and Sirloin, 
 
 of place in the Skirbeck Works' office, and at one 
 corner of it is the scoop with which the attendant 
 watched the machines, and at intervals skimmed off 
 the smut-balls, sprouted, and lighter grains which 
 worked their way to the centre of the sieve. With a 
 variation in the size of the wire, it has been used fo/* 
 grass seeds, linseed, and coffee berries, and sent to 
 Egypt for lentils. 
 
 A short ride from the Boston market-place where 
 the statue of Herbert Ingram, who knew, if ever man 
 did, as the poet of his own county has said, 
 
 " The seasons when to take 
 Occasion by the hand," 
 
 tells its sterling lesson to the lads of his own town 
 brings us to the Skirbeck Works, which now occupy an 
 area of six acres. An Italian ship was discharging its 
 freight of linseed, as we skirted the Witham on our route, 
 and then we turned inland past the site of the mother 
 church, the old red Hussey Tower, whose flagstaff 
 leans in its decay over the battlement, and the pasture 
 close of the Augustine friars. A few girders and 
 plates for the Thames Embankment are stacked ready 
 for departure to the order of Mr. Webster, who began 
 his rapid upward career sixteen years ago as a master 
 builder in a small village near Boston. 
 
 The Skirbeck Works may be said to date from 
 1841, when they furnished a portable engine and 
 thrashing machine to the late Mr. Robert Roslin, of 
 Algarkirk, at a time when farmers hardly dared to 
 think of a fire in their yard. The machine was driven 
 on a frame, with the engine after the old fashion, and 
 was equal to thrashing-out eighty quarters of wheat 
 a day, with seven cwt. of coals. The firm's first port- 
 able combined machine was ordered by Mr. George 
 Holland of Wigtoft ; and having made their ground 
 sure on that point, they introduced their patent housed 
 engine with vertical cylinder at Exeter in 1850. Five 
 
Tuxford and Sons Works at Boston 469 
 
 years after they were first for portable engines at 
 Carlisle, where the fuel was diminished from 81bs. to 
 3 fibs, per horse per hour. 
 
 Skirbeck has scattered its products far and wide. 
 In Hungary, France, and Austria more especially, it 
 finds its great European markets for engines and 
 finishing machines and centrifugal pumps ; and New 
 Zealand, Pekin, the Burra Burra Mines, Shanghai, 
 Cuba, Australia, Peru, and California have also sent 
 many an order. Its sawing-machines may be found 
 in Burmah, in whose wood yards elephants are taught 
 to pile the teak. It has sent traction-engines and 
 trains of waggons to Calicut, on the Coromandel 
 coast, to bring coffee down the ghauts from the plan- 
 tations, as well as steam packing machinery for wool 
 to the Queensland Government, and an engine to spin 
 wire for the telegraph works at Bengal. Two fibre 
 mills with hydraulic presses have gone out to Loanga 
 in Africa, to squeeze the juice of the giant reeds. No 
 ships can come within a mile of that coast, and no 
 horse can live there by reason of the Tsetse fly. 
 Hence the negroes had to draw the engine when it 
 was taken off the launches, and carry the other ma- 
 chinery in pieces on their heads. The " river horse" 
 holds his revels among the reeds, and his flesh is cured 
 like bacon for sale. 
 
 The draftsmen were busy with pencil and com- 
 passes in a long upper room, marking-out the line for 
 the busy colony of ten-score workers in wood and iron 
 below. A mysterious glass vessel filled with an oil- 
 like fluid on one table was bearing its part as an ex- 
 perimental model for some giant double-actioned 
 road-rammer, fated to descend with three-ton em- 
 phasis at each stroke. Among the wood models were 
 water-wheels furnished with different-floats ; and we 
 had " our first warning" of the water-wheel for Natal, 
 whose presence haunted us go where we might. Two 
 or three small waggons linked together stand idly on 
 
470 Saddle and Sirloin. 
 
 the shelf, now that their mission is over of settling the 
 point of connexion between each, so as to cause the 
 whole train to take the same course on a straight road 
 or round curves. A traction engine with an endless 
 railway attached is taken on its journey across the 
 floor for our benefit ; and we also hear of an adapta- 
 tion of the half section of an Archimedean pump to 
 " a worm" for the transference of grain in a mill. 
 
 Pigs of iron are piled in the yard below, and 
 workmen are breaking them up for the furnaces. The 
 cold-blast iron comes from Shropshire, and Middles- 
 boro' and Scotland furnish the hot-blast, which is not 
 so strong in its texture, but has come into much more 
 general use on account of its price. Part of the Natal 
 wheel rests under a large shed, waiting for its buckets ; 
 and crossing over the yard, we are in the dark sand 
 regions among the moulders, who are busy at the 
 Thames'-side balustrades. In this shop, puddlers with 
 brawny sinews and "auctioneers" (which election bullies 
 have not cared to meet twice) are bending over huge 
 casting boxes, or treading in the clay for a girder mould* 
 as if they were working in a wine vat. Thomas 
 Sampson, who, like Ellis Maddison, has grown grey with 
 forty years in the service, comes forth from his nook in 
 the wall, to tell us of the giant cranes overhead and 
 the mysteries of " proper granulation" at furnace tap- 
 ping. The craft is of a less gentle kind in an adjoin- 
 ing shed, where we find some grand left-handed hitters 
 among the quartets which gather round the anvils, 
 or close up the rivets of the engine boilers. It is 
 here that iron owns its remorseless conqueror in steel 
 and man's device. A small bolt descends upon an 
 iron sheet and punches out a hole the size of a 
 lozenge, while another half-inch sheet, which is held up 
 to the tender mercies of an adjacent huge instrument of 
 torture, is cut as calmly as a bit of brown paper. 
 "The coach house" is across the yard, and there 
 stand upwards of forty engines ready for going out, 
 
Tuxford and Sons Works at Boston. 47 1 
 
 and some of them packed for Japan. Blue was once 
 the body colour, but of late years the taste of custo- 
 mers has run in favour of green. An exact counter- 
 part of the one with two cylinders which did the best 
 duty at Bury viz. (3 pounds 2| ounces of coal for 
 each horse power per hour), stands in the outer room, 
 and others are drawn up in a shed, along with sections 
 of centrifugal pumps, which are equal to discharging 
 from 350 to 5000 gallons per minute. 
 
 Leaving the Iron King's dominions we enter those 
 of Wood, where seven combined finishing machines 
 are receiving their last touches, and we try to pene- 
 trate the mysteries of the adjustable screen. Patterns 
 of wheels hang on the wall like shields, and for the 
 third and last time we light on our Natal-bound 
 friend with his thirty-feet diameter. A word to a 
 carpenter in a mysterious model gallery running 
 along the centre of the roof, brings him down with 
 the wood coping model, and placing it on the 
 balustrades which are built up into form as they come 
 in from the founders, he shows us a portion of the 
 parapet of the Thames Embankment. All the wood 
 is seasoned for five years, under rain and sunshine in 
 the yard. The elm and the ash are nearly all from 
 the fens, and have 33 per cent, more gravity in that 
 rich clay loam than when grown on lighter soils. 
 Revesby and Kirkstead have furnished many a stately 
 oak, and there was a memorable purchase at Pinch- 
 beck of three oaks growing from one stool, which 
 fell before the wind in a night. It was some time 
 before the bargain was closed, and then the fallen 
 monarchs would never have seen Skirbeck, if a trac- 
 tion engine had not been sent to drag them across the 
 fens. 
 
 THE END. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ADNEY, Mr., and Shropshire 
 Sheep, 434. 
 
 Ainslie, Jack, and Gretna Green 
 Tactics, 45. 
 
 Aldborough Shorthorns, 170. 
 
 Althorp, Lord, and his Short- 
 horns, 124. 
 
 Atherton's, Mr., Shorthorns, 
 366. 
 
 Athole, Duke of, and Mr. T. 
 Duncan, 5. 
 
 Atkinson, Mr., of Peepy, 129. 
 
 Aylesby Manor, 461. 
 
 Ayrshire Cattle, 10, n. 
 
 BAKEWELL'S Longhorns, 141. 
 
 Bates, Thomas, and his Short- 
 horns, 146. 
 
 Battersea Show, 5. 
 
 Benzies, John, Mr. M'Combie's 
 Herdsman, 12. 
 
 Berwick's, Lord, Herefords, 
 
 439- 
 
 Black-faced Sheep, II. 
 Blair Athol, 258. 
 Blencathra Pack, 107. 
 Bolden's, Mr., Shorthorns, 384. 
 Booth Chart, 182. 
 Booth Family, 148, 193. 
 Booth, Mr. John, 193. 
 Booth, Mr. Richard, 199. 
 Border Leicester Sheep, 136. 
 Borton's, Mr., Leicesters, 219. 
 Bowes, Mr., 255. 
 
 Brampton Coursing Meeting, 
 
 117. 
 
 Brooks, Tom, 459. 
 Brothers Colling, 197. 
 Bruere, Mr., of Braithwaite, 177. 
 Buston, Mr., of Dolphinby, 91. 
 Byrns, Jim, 52. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Mr. Ivie, and 
 
 Coursing, 6. 
 Captain Shaftoe, Shorthorn 
 
 Bull, 95. 
 
 Carhead Pigs, 296. 
 Carlisle Races, 57. 
 Carlisle, Recollections of, 37. 
 Carlisle Swifts, 58. 
 Carriage Horses, 40. 
 Cass, William, Wrestler, 70. 
 Catterick Races, 191. 
 Celebrating a Pig Victory, 295. 
 Champion Bulls, 91. 
 Chapman, Wm., Wrestler, 72. 
 Cheese-Making in Cheshire, 
 
 403- 
 
 Chillingham Cattle, 135. 
 " Chips " in Wrestling, 77. 
 Cholmley, Sir George, 242. 
 Clayton and Shuttleworth's 
 
 Works, 452. 
 
 Clun Forest Sheep, 438. 
 Coach Horses, 55. 
 Coaching Days, 47. 
 Coachman's Fees, 51. 
 Coates's Herd Book, 281 
 
 I I 
 
474 
 
 Index. 
 
 Colling, Brothers, 145, 197. 
 
 Corbet, Mr., 444. 
 
 Coursing, 6. 
 
 Coursing at Sundorne, 446. 
 
 Coursing Grounds, 370. 
 
 Crafty, 84. 
 
 Crozier's, Mr., Hounds, 107. 
 
 Culley, George and Matthew, 
 
 137. 
 
 Culshaw, Joseph, 329. 
 
 Cumberland Wrestling Cham- 
 pions, 65. 
 
 Curwen, Mr., Shorthorn Breeder, 
 87. 
 
 DALEY, Mr., "the Incledon of 
 the Turf," 59. 
 
 Davies', Mr. D. R., Shorthorns, 
 409. 
 
 Devonshire's, Duke of, Short- 
 horns, 382. 
 
 Dick, Professor, 2. 
 
 Dickinson's, Mr., Farm, 368. 
 
 Dog Stealing, 23. 
 
 Doncaster Moor, 319. 
 
 Drax Abbey, 269. 
 
 Drivers, Coach, 48. 
 
 Duchess and Grand Duchess 
 Shorthorns, 387. 
 
 Duncan, Mr., Clerk of Highland 
 and Agricultural Society, 3, 5. 
 
 Duncombe Park Shorthorns, 
 215. 
 
 " Durham Ox," 145. 
 
 EADE, George, Coachman, 50. 
 Eastwood's, Mr., Shorthorns, 
 
 Eccentric Sporting Characters, 
 
 173- 
 Ellman of Glynde, I. 
 
 FARHAM Church, 113. 
 
 Farham Hall and its Grey- 
 hounds, 114. 
 
 Farming on the Netherby Es- 
 tates, 33. 
 
 Farnley Hall, 287. 
 
 Fawcett's, Mr. James, Recollec- 
 tions of T. Bates, 150. 
 
 Fawkes', Mr., Shorthorns, 289. 
 Felton Agricultural Show, 133. 
 Feversham's, Lord, Herd, 215. 
 Fifth Duke of Oxford, 217. 
 Forster, Mr., Killhow, 80. 
 Fox Terriers at Yarm, 156. 
 
 GENERAL Chasse, 58, 320. 
 Glasgow, Earl of, 26. 
 Godwin, Thomas, 361. 
 "Golden Shorthorns, The," 79. 
 Gordon, Richard, Wrestler, 74. 
 Gordon, Sir Charles, 3. 
 Graham, Sir Bellingham, 441. 
 Graham, Sir James, 32. 
 Grant, Dr. , Master of the Teviot- 
 
 dale, 16. 
 
 Great Shorthorn Breeders, 145. 
 Gretna Green, 44. 
 Grey, John, of Dilston, 87, 121. 
 Greyhounds, Captain Spencer's, 
 
 93- 
 
 Greyhounds, Mr. Ivie Camp- 
 bell's, 7. 
 
 Gully, Mr. John, 311. 
 Gunter's, Colonel, Shorthorns, 
 
 155, 275. 
 Gwendale, 250. 
 
 HACKNEYS in Yorkshire, 249. 
 Hall Maxwell, Secretary of 
 
 Highlsnd and Agricultural 
 
 Society, 3. 
 Harding, Mr. J., Professional 
 
 Cheese- maker, 404. 
 Harrogate, 273. 
 Heaton Park, 359. 
 Herdwick Sheep, 98. 
 Hereford Cattle at Leighton 
 
 Hall, 431- 
 Hereford Cattle, Lord Berwick's, 
 
 439- 
 
 Highland and Agricultural So- 
 ciety, 3, 4. 
 
 Hodgson, Mr. Tom, 317. 
 
 Holderness Cattle, 142. 
 
 Holker Hall Shorthorns, 382. 
 
 Horses, Coach, 55. 
 
 Hound Show at Redcar, 159. 
 
 Hunting Casualties, 263. 
 
Index. 
 
 Hunting Tragedy on the Ure, 
 264. 
 
 JACKSON, John, 205. 
 Jackson, Wm., Wrestler, 75. 
 
 KELBOURNE, Lord, 27. 
 Killerby and Warlaby Recollec- 
 tions, 193. 
 
 Killhow Sale of Shorthorns, 81. 
 Knavesmire, 259. 
 Knightley, Sir Charles, 148. 
 Knowlmere Shorthorns, 349. 
 
 " LAMPLOUGH Hawkies," 89. 
 Leicester Sheep, 219. 
 Leighton Hall Herefords, 431. 
 Lincoln Flocks, 457. 
 Longhorn Cattle, 141. 
 Lonks Sheep, 351. 
 Lowther, Colonel, 39. 
 Luther, Robert, of Acton, 447. 
 
 MAIL and Coach Days, 47. 
 Management of Herdwick 
 
 Sheep, 102. 
 
 Manchester Racecourses, 356. 
 Market Weighton Trotters, 248. 
 " Martingale," 326. 
 Marton-le-Moor, 189. 
 Maynard, Mr. Anthony, 188. 
 Maynard, Mr. J. C., 190. 
 Maxwell, Hall, Secretary of 
 
 Highland and Agricultural 
 
 Society, 3. 
 Meire, Samuel, and Shropshire 
 
 Sheep, 434. 
 
 Milner, Sir William, 262. 
 Morecambe Bay, 381. 
 Mountain Ride, A, 419. 
 Mulcaster, George, 84. 
 
 NAMING Horses, 30. 
 Neasham Hall Stud, 162. 
 Nelson, Mr., of Gates Garth, 
 
 98. 
 
 Nestor, The, of Shorthorns, 165. 
 Newcastle Races, 130. 
 Nicholson, Tom, of Threlkeld, 
 
 67. 
 
 Nightingale, Mr., 379. 
 Nunwick Hall Shorthorns, 97. 
 
 "OLD Anna," 215. 
 Old Posting Times, 42. 
 Otter Hounds, 21. 
 Otter Hunting, 24. 
 Osbaldeston, Squire, 314. 
 Osborne, John, 183. 
 
 PARKER, James, Coachman, 48. 
 
 Parrington, Mr. T., 165. 
 
 Peel, John, 109. 
 
 Peel's, Mr., Shorthorns, 349. 
 
 Penrhyn Castle, 413. 
 
 Pig Breeders, 303. 
 
 Pig Show at Keighley, 291. 
 
 Pigs, Mr. Brown's, 85. 
 
 Pigs, Mr. Wainman's, 296. 
 
 Pigs, Mr. Watson's, 86. 
 
 Pigs, Mr. Wiley's, 303. 
 
 Politics v. Shorthorns, 125. 
 
 Posting Times, 42. 
 
 Prize Fighting, 311. 
 
 Purity's Five Heats, 325. 
 
 RACING, Earl of Glasgow, 27. 
 Ramsden, Old Bob, 248. 
 Reed, John, Coachman, 49. 
 Richardson, Will of, Caldbeck, 
 67. 
 
 SCALEBY Castle, 83. 
 Sheep Washing in Wales, 423. 
 Shorthorns, Blencow Herd, 92. 
 Shorthorns, Boldero's, 384. 
 Shorthorns, Booth's, 148, 193. 
 Shorthorns, Bruere's, 177. 
 Shorthorns, Early, 144. 
 Shorthorns, Herd Book, 287. 
 Shorthorns, Holker, 382. 
 Shorthorns, in Vale of Eden, 90. 
 Shorthorns, Killhow, 81. 
 Shorthorns, Lord Althorp's,i24. 
 Shorthorns, Mr. Curwen's, 87. 
 Shorthorns, Mr. Peel's, 355. 
 Shorthorns, Mr. Unthank's, 94 
 Shorthorns, Nunwick Hall, 97, 
 Shorthorns, Peepy, 129, 
 Shorthorns, S. Wiley's, 21 1. 
 
476 
 
 Index. 
 
 Shorthorns, T. Bates's, 146. 
 Shorthorns, *' The Golden," 79. 
 Shorthorns, Towneley, 331. 
 Shorthorns, Wetherell's, 165. 
 Shorthorns, W. Torr's, 462. 
 Shropshire Sheep, 434. 
 Sinclair, Sir John, 122. 
 Singleton's, Mr., Shorthorns 
 
 and Leicesters, 251. 
 Sledmere, 225. 
 
 Sparkler of the Hurworth, 164. 
 Spencer's, Captain, Greyhounds, 
 
 93- 
 
 Sporting Characters, 173. 
 Stockdale Uick, 230. 
 Sykes, Sir Tatton, 211. 
 
 TEAMS, Coaching, 53. 
 Teeswater Cattle, 143. 
 Teviotdale Pack, 17. 
 " The Times" Coach, 47. 
 Thoroughbreds at Sledmere, 
 
 226. 
 Torr's, Mr. W., Shorthorns, 
 
 463- 
 
 Tortworth Sale, 155. 
 Towneley Herd, 323. 
 Tuxford and Sons' Works at 
 
 Boston, 467. 
 
 UNTHANK, Mr., 94. 
 
 WAINMAN'S, Mr., Pigs, 296. 
 Warlaby Shorthorns, 198. 
 Warping, 271. 
 Waterloo Cup Day, 386. 
 Waterton, Mr., 305. 
 Watson's, Mr., Pigs, 86. 
 Welsh Cattle, 414. 
 Welsh Sheep, 420. 
 Wensleydale Sheep, 180. 
 Wetheral, ill. 
 Wetherby, 275. 
 Wetherell's, Mr., Shorthorns, 
 
 165- 
 
 Whitaker of Burley, 148, 287. 
 White, Captain, 407. 
 White, John, Gamekeeper, 13. 
 Wiley, Samuel, 211. 
 Wiley's, Mr., Pigs, 303. 
 Wild Cattle of Chillingham, 
 
 135- 
 
 Wrestling, 63. 
 Wynn's, Sir Watkin, Hounds, 
 
 424. 
 
 YORKSHIRE Hound Show, 283. 
 Yorkshire Roadsters, 249. 
 Yorkshire Show at Wetherby, 
 275. 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 LOAN DEPT. 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
 on the date to which renewed. 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 
 
 CIRC DBT 
 
 LD 21A-60m-2,'67 
 (H241slO)476B 
 
 General Library 
 
 University of California 
 
 Berkeley 
 
re i63?