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 THE SOCIAL H I S T K Y 
 
 AND 
 
 ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 BARTON-UPON-HUMBER 
 
 Rohan Urn, (Page 65.) 
 
 BARTON-UPON-HUMBER : 
 
 PRINTED BY M. BALL, jMARKET- STREET^ 
 
 18 5 6,
 
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 A HiSTOEY OP Barton has long been a desideratum, it being well known 
 that materials were not wanting for its compilation. The late Me. W. S. Hesleden 
 was for several years collecting information for this purpose, but never published it, 
 although he delivered lectures on the subject. The result of his researches is embodied 
 in the First Part of this work. AH speculations, however plausible, have been 
 excluded, and strictly authentic particulars only given. 
 
 The compiler is greatly indebted to G. Poulson, Esq., the well known author 
 of " Beverlac," and the " Histoiy of the Seigniory of Holderness," who handsomely 
 undertook the Editorship, and added such elucidatory remarks as will much assist 
 those not versed in antiquarian lore. 
 
 Acknowledgments are also due to the Rev. J. Byron, and other gentlemen, 
 whose kind contributions have materially added to the completeness of the work. 
 
 HENRY WM. BALL. 
 
 Barton, November, 1856.
 
 THE HISTOrtY OF BARTON. 
 
 y 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 (T lias been remarked that compilers of local history attempt to give 
 ,r^) the earliest duration to the places of which they treat. Even a 
 XJy Eoman origin has been assigned to Barton, arising probably from its 
 proximity to Erm'm Street, and its Trajectus, (a) but entering on a subject 
 which appears to have no historical foundation woidd be useless, and 
 conjecture must not be allowed to supply its place. There are many 
 interesting documents, obtained from the different public records, relative 
 to this place ; yet there is still a great paucity of authentic evidence in the 
 earlier periods, which is often severely felt in the description of parochial 
 districts ; even the recollection of more recent events has sunk into ob- 
 li\don, and what is known from tradition is not always to be depended 
 upon ; yet much has been found, dispersed through the following pages, 
 which may prove most interesting to the lovers of topography. 
 
 The evacuation of this island by the Romans, the subsequent struggles 
 of the British and the Saxons, the bloody wars which ultimately took place 
 between the many sovereigns of our Saxon ancestors, may truly be 
 considered as having laid the foundation of our present independence. 
 "The northern pirates, who sought the land of the English nation" 
 
 («) A passage over a ferry.
 
 2 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 filled it with unrivalled calamity, and the shores of the Humber were 
 often devastated. The subjugation of the Anglo-Danes was not perhaps 
 finally accomplished until the reign of Athelstan. Alfred may be 
 considered as the first king of the Anglo-Saxons ; but Athelstan was cer- 
 tainly the first monarch of England. After the battle of Brunnenburgh 
 he had no competitor. 
 
 BRUNNENBUKGH. 
 
 Mr. Sharon Turner, in his valuable History of the Anglo-Saxons, 
 states, " It is singular that the position of this famous battle is not 
 yet ascertained ; the Saxon song says that it was at Brunnanhurgh. 
 Ethelwerdj a contemporary, names the place Bninnandune ; Simeon of 
 Durham, Weondune, or Ethananwerch, or Brimnan hergli ; Malmsbury, 
 Brunsford ; Ingulf says Bnmford, in Northumbria : these of course imply 
 the same place, but where is it ? " 
 
 Camden thought it was at Ford, near Bromeridge, in Northumberland; 
 Gibson mentions that in Cheshire there is a place called Brunburgh. The 
 Fillare mentions Brunton in Northumberland. Macpherson, in his Geo- 
 graphical Illustrations of Scottish History, with reference to the same 
 event, under the title Brunnenbergh, observes that all authors except 
 Ingulph, give reason to believe that this famous battle was fought to the 
 southward of the Humber, as the invading allies were in their progress 
 from that river when they were met by Athelstaji. Without giving the 
 fidl detail here of Turner's history of the events which occasioned this 
 great contest, it may be useful to mention that almost upon every accession 
 of our elective Anglo-Saxon monarchs to the sovereignity of their respective 
 states, it was invariably necessary that they should have recourse to arms, 
 in order to support or confirm their authority ; and the submission that 
 was made by the sovereigns of Northumbria, Scotland, and Wales, to 
 King Edward, was but ill attended to when the sceptre was conceded to 
 his successor Athelstan ; the consequence of which was that Athelstan 
 soon perforce added Northumbria to his dominions, and ravaged Scot- 
 land and Wales. His' successes, however, were not long to be enjoyed 
 unmolested, for one of the most powerful confederacies, sprang up against 
 him, and, as Mr. Turner expresses it, " threatened his whole kingdom 
 with present annihilation." Assisted by Constantiue, king of Scotland, 
 several of the Welsh princes, and Danes north of the Humber, Avith the 
 augmentation of the forces by fleets of warriors from Norway and the Baltic,
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 3 
 
 it formed " an attack of siicli magnitude, tliat it seemed a certain calculation 
 the single force of Athelstan must be overtlirown." He so managed his 
 resources, however, as to gain time, and became prepared to meet the 
 storm ; and finally, by consummate skill and courage, he completely de- 
 feated their combinations at the Battle of Brunnenburgh. 
 
 The late Mr. Hesleden had a paper read at the Congress of the Arch- 
 aeological Association, held at Winchester in August, 1845, in which he 
 stated at some length his conjectures as to the site of this famous battle. He 
 also appears to have been in correspondence with several gentlemen of 
 antiquarian celebrity, but who, in their replies, expressed considerable 
 doubts as to the sufficiency of his details to lead to any conclusions. 
 Perhaps a want of the knowledge of the Norse and Anglo-Saxon 
 langiiages, so necessarily important in an investigation of the subject, may 
 in some measure have misled him. The following has been published iu 
 Hagar's Commercial Directory for Lincolnshire, and is given here that the 
 reader may form his own opinion of Mr. Hesleden's hypothesis. 
 
 "Anlaff's army amounted to upwards of 30,000 men, conveyed in 615 
 ships. Athelstan's forces no doubt were equally numerous : of the precise 
 spot of this celebrated contest, Mr. H. says, " Taking a perpendicular line 
 from the banks of the river, at the point of division between Barroto and 
 Barton, and pursuing this line for about four miles southward, we come to 
 a fine eminence in the lordship of Burnltam, (now the property of 
 Messrs. Taylor,) and close to the east of Burnham Wold Farm ; and from 
 this elevation you look down upon the whole parish of Barrow, direct 
 to the river Humber. This eminence, then, is fixed upon as the site 
 of the gi'eat Battle of Brunnun, or Bnmnenhurf/h , in Burnham. At 
 about a quarter of a mile to the westward of it is presumed to have been 
 the entrenched cam]) of Athelstan. AU accounts agTce that this battle Avas 
 a most tremendous conflict, in which the invading forces were completely 
 routed, and with great slaughter driven from this lofty eminence on which 
 it was fought quite into the plains or valley below ; and it is somewhat 
 remarkable that the valley here aUuded to is called Dudmandale; and 
 the adjoining farm in Barton is called Dudmandale Farm, a name that 
 evidently refers to the great slaughter, as the Dcadman's Dale. Again, 
 the Saxon chronicle, as well as Malmsbury, relates ' that Anlaff made 
 his escape with a wasted legion over the Yellow Sea,' so particularly 
 descriptive of the clayey tinge of the river Humber as to corroborate any 
 suggestion that has been made regarding the locality of this event." 
 It is not intended to refer to any other place which may be sought ior
 
 4 UISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 as tlie site of this famous battle, Tipon wliicli volumes have been written ; 
 but the battle was fought nortJi of the Humber, if any reliance may be 
 placed upon the following account of Athelstan's visit to Beverley (a) : — 
 " Athelstan having reached Beverley, visited the sepulchre of St. John, 
 and prostrating himself before the relics of the holy man, he devoutly 
 prayed for his protection and assistance, Di'awing his knife, or dagger, 
 from its scabbard, he placed it on the high altar, as a pledge, that should 
 he succeed in his undertaking, and return alive to claim it, he would show 
 honour to the church, and increase its possessions. He did return to 
 claim it, and the privileges granted by him to the church of Beverley, not 
 only fully corroborate this statement, 
 
 (" Swa mikel fredoni give i ye 
 Swa hert may think or cghe see.") 
 
 but also satisfactorily account for the immediate increase of a place which 
 previously had scarcely reared its head amid the trees of the surrounding 
 forest." 
 
 DOMESDAY (b) 
 
 Has a common reference both to the latest Anglo-Saxon, and to the 
 earliest Norman times, and contains the following particulars respecting 
 Barton : — 
 
 " Makor in Bertone. UlfhadlS carucates (c) of Land to 
 be taxed. Land to 27 Ploughs, Gilbert has there 7 Ploughs in 
 the Demesne, and 63 Villaiues and 16 Bordars with 9 Ploughs, 
 and 42 Sokemen, {d) and 67 Bordars with 10 Ploughs. There is 
 a Church, and a Priest, and 2 Mills of forty shillings, and one 
 Market, and a Periy of four pounds." 
 
 («) Vide "Beverlac." vol. 1, p. 33, 35, 39. 
 
 {b) One of the most ancient records of England. It was undertaken by AVilHam the 
 Conqueror, and is the register from which judgment was to be given upon the value, 
 tenure, and services of lands therein described. It was finished in 1 086. — Sir Henri/ Ellis. 
 
 (c) The Carucate mentioned in Domesday was of Norman introduction, it is usually 
 supposed to contain one hundred acres, that is the common hundred, which was 120 
 acres, or what in Yorkshire was called a Ploughland, as much arable as could be mana- 
 ged with one plough, and the beasts belonging to it, in a year. 
 
 {(l) Soke usually signifies a liberty of franchise, sometimes a ten-itory or precinct, 
 sometimes a rent for using the land, or for its protection. The Anglo-Saxon proprietors 
 of lands in demesne were in many respects the little sovereigns of their territories ; fi'oni 
 the legal privileges which (according to the grants, and to the customs of the times)
 
 HISTORY OF BATITON. 5 
 
 Claims in the North Eidmg. 
 "In BERTOiSE AND Ferebi. The Vassals of Gilbert de Gand 
 take other toll than they took in King Edward's time, of bread, 
 and fish, skins (qu. says Bawdwen if not of fishes called corias,) 
 and many other things on which nothing has been paid." 
 
 Ulf, the Danish possessor alluded to in the above grant, is supposed to 
 have lived in the time of King Canute, or Cnute, (wliosc father died at 
 Gainsborough,) as well as that of Edward the Confessor ; and it is evident 
 that he possessed great estates both in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, a 
 sufficient proof of which is afforded by Domesday itself. 
 
 The prodigious slaugh.tcr of the English nobility at the Battle of 
 Hastings, and the fruitless insurrections of those who survived the 
 foi*feitures of their estates, enabled William surnamed the Conqueror, 
 to reward his followers witli large possessions. It cannot be questioned 
 that many instances might be adduced of property continued to be held 
 by those who lived in the time of Edward the Confessor, but hahiiit, used 
 in Domesday, is a word full of meaning, and in this place not a vestige is 
 left of even their names. 
 
 The name of Bertonc, or Barton, is of Saxon origin, according to Dr. 
 Skinner in his Ely molo(j icon. In a limited sense it occurs not unfrequently 
 two or three times in the same parish — a Barton in the South being sy- 
 nonymous with a Lincolnshire farmstead ; that is, a back part of the 
 house, where the barns, stables, and inferior offices are placed. 
 
 The Domesday Eecord is the best proof of the existence of Barton in 
 the Saxon times, and it is not improbable it may have been even known to 
 to the Komans, from its close proximity to the Trajectus at Ermin 
 Street. There are those still living who can remember Barton in its 
 fonner open state, and are able to appreciate the disposition of the 
 place as a])propriated to defence. Its general division was into square 
 entrenchments, each of which was formerly surrounded by a thick, 
 compact, and lofty wall of clay, so as to make each farmstead as it 
 were a separate garrison, capable enough to form a defence not to be 
 
 they possessed, were enabled to execute. These privileges consisted of their civil and 
 criminal jurisdicliotis, peciiniai y privileges and gralbls, and their absolute power over the 
 servile part of tlioir tenantry and domestics. Hefurenccs might be midtiplied to prove 
 that after the Concpiest, the mass of the people of England were slaves, and dependant 
 on the will, and the absolute property, of their lords. W illiani tlie Conqueror's charter 
 to the City of London, according to Stowe, shows that they had not the benefit of the 
 law, and that their children could not Ijc their heirs, as their lands were held at the will 
 of their lord.
 
 b HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 taken without difficulty. The foundation of these walls was generally 
 made of large chalk stones from the neighbouring pits, walled in clay, 
 of the breadth of four feet, and high enough to be above the wet of 
 the adjoining soil, and upon this the walls themselves were constructed of 
 solid well-tempered clay, tapering from three feet or more at the bottom, 
 to about a foot and a half at the top, and fi'om six to eight feet or more 
 in height ; they were crowned with a covering of thatch, and when well- 
 constructed, became a solid, firm, and enduring fence. 
 
 It is evident from the charter of Walter de Gant that a Castle (a) 
 had been built in Barton, and it appears to have been surrounded by 
 a rampart and ditch, to guard against the too frequent irruptions of the 
 Danes, who, in their predatory exciu'sions, laid Avaste the whole country, as 
 well on this as on the other side of the Humber. The name of " Castle 
 Dikes" often occurs in old deeds, and their position is indicated as Avell 
 on the east as on the west of the town ; and the old town's book particu- 
 larly notices the old Dikes in the East Acridge as being let by the fore- 
 man and juiy of the town to the owners and occupiers of lands adjoining 
 thereto. On the north of the town there is a boundaiy called the Butts, 
 (h) which was probably originally made to defend the lower part of the 
 town from the w'aters of the Humber (which in ancient times came up to 
 the town end : the tract of low level land now lying between the town 
 and the Humber) by embankments. The difierent invaders of this country 
 took advantage of any existing defences of their predecessors, and the 
 Castle Dikes at Barton may be considered as having some reference to 
 the invasion of Anlaif and his confederates, and they subsequently became 
 a more imposing fortification by the building of the castle by De Gant on 
 his taking possession of his grant of the manor of Barton ; for Gilbert de 
 Gant himself, as it should be recollected, happened to be at York when 
 the Danes in great force (a.d. 1069) on behalf of Edgar Etheling, entered 
 the Humber, and, marching upon that city, committed great destruction 
 by fire and sword — it is not unlikely that the defences in this place 
 required such a building. 
 
 («) See Barduey Abbey. 
 
 (i) In the fifth year of Edward IV. aa act was passed, ordering every man to pro- 
 vide himself with a bow of his own height, and Butts to be made in every township, 
 wliieh the inhabitants should be obliged to shoot up and down every feast-day, under the 
 penalty of a halfpenny. And so late as the time of Heniy VIII. an act required every 
 able man to exercise himself with a long-bow ; and also to keep a bow with arrows con- 
 tinually in the house, from which the spot alluded to no doubt subsequently took 
 its name.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 7 
 
 Barton also possessed a Ferry in the time of Ulf the Danish possessor, a 
 Church and a Priest ; and the description of the ancient roads wUl serve as 
 additional proof of the passage of the Humber at this place being consi- 
 dered an important one. The first leads to BaiTow, and thence to the 
 villages on the east thereof, which from their proximity to the level of the 
 river Humber, and the nature of the soil, are denominated the Clays. 
 The next is the Old Street, taking a south-easterly course through Thorn- 
 ton, Ulceby, Keelby, &c., and is so continued as far as Louth («) ; and is 
 known all the way as the Barton Street. From this road, at a point 
 called St. James's Cross, a road branches off from the Old Street through 
 Burnham and Melton, which joins the public road above Caistor, and 
 is thence continued to Horncastle under the name of the High Street. The 
 next, and now the most public of all the roads, is the line adopted by the 
 modern Turnpike Koad, taking its rise at the water side, and going 
 through the town, it passes in a southernly direction through part of 
 the lordship of Bonby, and continuing through Worlaby to Elsham Hill ; 
 it then takes a more westerly course to the River Ancholme at Glandford 
 Brigg, where was the only passable ford of that river, and whence it 
 readily communicated with the great Ermin Street, or Eoman Road, to 
 Lincoln. From the turnpike in Barton two minor roads branch off to the 
 villages of Saxby and Horkstow respectively, and join the ancient western 
 road to Ferriby, which was the only road altered upon the enclosure, being 
 now carried above the hill, probably for the more convenient subdivision 
 of the allotments. Its original coiu'se was in a direct line westward from the 
 town-end along the old enclosures, and parallel with the Humber, entering 
 the village of Ferriby below the hill, and thence continuing to the ferry at 
 the mouth of the Ancholme ; after passing the Ancholme this road com- 
 municated with the Ermin Street at Wintringham. All these ancient 
 roads from the interior of the county concentrating at Barton, bear direct 
 evidence, not only of its antiquity, but its importance as the great point of 
 communication between the two counties of Lincoln and York. Nor is 
 this at all weakened by the direction of Ermin Street and the Trajcctus — 
 it being well known that the Ermin Street, when first projected by the 
 Romans, was intended to be a meridian line running from the Southern 
 Ocean through London, to the utmost boundaries of Scotland. 
 
 {a) Saunders says, in his History of Lincolnshire, there is an undouhted road fi'om 
 Horncastle to Barton. It was the opinion of Stnkelcy that the Konians had a road 
 round the whole of the Lincolnshire coast, and he states that traces have been found at 
 -Barton, amongst other places.
 
 8 HISTORY OF BARTOK. 
 
 It may also be noticed that the western boundary of the Lordship of 
 Barton runs from tlie river Humber in a direct line to the southern extrem- 
 ity of the town, where it crosses diagonally the present turnpike road, and 
 enters the Lordship of Burnham; and the same line continues as the 
 boundary and division of the several contiguous parishes, Burnham, 
 Wootton, and Croxton, to the Roman camp called Yarborough Camp, 
 which is directly in the same line in the Lordship of Croxton, and adjoin- 
 ing to that of Melton Ross ; and from thence the division line of the 
 several parishes is stiU continued through Limber and Cabourne, imtil it 
 joins the high road called High Street, above Caistor to Horncastle. 
 
 In commencing the history of this place, it wiU be necessary to give a 
 short account of its Overlord, who was so intimately connected with it. 
 At the time of the general survey he appears to have possessed 1. lordship 
 in Berkshire, 3 in Oxfordshire, 3 in Yorkshire, 6 in Cambridgeshire, 2 in 
 Buckinghamshire, 1 in Huntingdonshire, 5 in Northamptonshire, 1 in 
 Rutlandshire, 1 in Leicestershire, 1 in Warwickshire, 18 in Notts, 113 in 
 Lincolnshire, in which was FalkingJiam, where he seated himself, that being 
 the Head of the Barony. 
 
 THE FAMILY OF DE GANT. 
 
 Gilbert de Gant was the son of Baldwin Earl of Flanders, and 
 Maud Ms wife, the sister of "\Mliiam the Conqueror ; he came over with 
 his uncle, and participating in the trimnph of the Battle of Hastings, he 
 obtained a grant of lands of a Danish proprietor named Tour, with many 
 other estates, (according to Domesday, 173 lordshijos,) of which Barton- 
 upon-Humbcr was one, Falkingham in Lincolnshire being his principal 
 seat, and head of the Barony. This Gilbert happened to be at York when 
 he had the narrow escape previously alluded to, there being more than 
 three thousand Normans slain at the time. Like most of the great lords 
 of the period, Gilbert de Gant bestowed large possessions vipon the 
 church, and, amongst other acts of piety, he restored the Abbey of 
 Bardncy, in the county of Lincoln, which had been utterly destroyed many 
 years before by the Saxon Danes, Inquar and Hubba. He married Alice, 
 daughter of Hugh de !Mountfort, and had issue John, who died in his 
 father's lifetime, Walter, who inherited and succeeded him in his estates, 
 Robert, Lord Chancellor of England a.d. 1153, and Emma, who mamcd 
 Alan Lord Percy. This great feudal chief died in the reign of William 
 Rufus, when he was succeeded by his surviving son.
 
 HISTOEY OF BARTON. 9 
 
 Walter de Gant had no sooner succeeded to his father's posses- 
 sions, than he entered most liberally into his views regarding the 
 church, and at once confirmed the bequest he had made to the 
 abbey of Bardney, and even added to it. He also founded a priory at 
 Bridlington in Yorkshire, and appears fully to have embraced the religious 
 zeal for pious donations, so prevalent at the time in which he lived ; he is 
 also noted as having been a person of great valoui", as at an advanced age 
 he commanded a brave regiment of Flemings and Normans in the cele- 
 brated conflict with the Scots at Northallerton in Yorkshire, known in 
 history as the Battle of the Standard, " Where," says Dugdale, " by his 
 eloquent speech and prudent conduct, the whole army received such en- 
 couragement that the Scots were ultimately vanquished." He married 
 Maud, daughter of Stephen Earl of Brittany, and had issue Gilbert, 
 Eobert, and Geoffrey. He died in the 4th of King Stephen, and was 
 succeeded by his son, 
 
 Gilbert de Gant, the third baron, was in his youth taken pri- 
 soner with King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln (1142,) and was com- 
 pelled by Eanulph Earl of Chester to marry his niece, the Lady Hawyse 
 Eomare, daughter of William Earl of Lincoln, whereby he became 
 eventually, in her right. Earl of Lincoln. This Gilbert not only con- 
 firmed the gifts of his father and grandfather to the abbey of Bardney, 
 as before noted, but in 1148 he founded the abbey of Kufford in 
 Nottinghamshire, giving to it a portion of his Barton estate, and other- 
 wise contributed munificently to the church. He died in 1156, leaving 
 two daughters his coheirs, viz., Alice married to Simon St. Liz, the last of 
 that name Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton, and Gunnora. Upon 
 the decease of these two ladies without issue, the great family inheritance 
 reverted to their uncle Eobert, the second son of Walter de Gant. 
 
 Egbert de Gant, the uncle who next succeeded to the property, 
 married his first wife Alice, daughter and heiress of William Paganel, by 
 whom he had an only daughter, Alice, who married Eobert Fitzhardiuge, 
 of the family of Fitzhardiuge, from whom the Earls of Berkeley are de- 
 scended. He married his second wife Gunnora, niece of Hugh de 
 Gournay, and had issue Gilbert surnamed the Good, and Stephen. 
 Eobert de Gant died in the 4th Ei chard 1st, and was succeeded in liis 
 title and possessions by his eldest son Gilbert. 
 
 Gilbert de Gant, upon the decease of his father, was under age, 
 and was wai'd to William Stuteville, In after life he appears to have 
 joined the barous in their remonstrances with King John ; this Gill)crt,
 
 ]0 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 adhering to the barons, was constituted Earl of Lincoln by Lewis of 
 France, at that time in England, and at the head of the baronial party, 
 and he was dispatched into Nottinghamshire to oppose the royalists. 
 Shortly after which, assisted by Eobert de Eopesle, he reduced the city of 
 Lincoln, but at the subsequent battle, the baronial force being lately 
 broken, he was taken prisoner, and never afterwards assumed the title of 
 Earl of Lincoln. About this period King John died at Newark (1216,) 
 and in consequence the barons returned to their allegiance with his suc- 
 cessor, an event which brought this Gilbert again into favour (1243,) the 
 last of the barons (De Gant) by tenure. It does not appear whom he mar- 
 ried, but he was succeeded in his possessions by Gilbert, his son and heir. 
 
 Gilbert de Gant, upon the death of his father, inherited very 
 considerable property, for in the 29th Henry 3rd he paid ^66 8 for as 
 many knight's fees, upon collection of the aid for marrying the king's 
 daughter. In 42nd of the same reign he was made governor of Scar- 
 borough Castle ; but afterwards, adhering to the barons, he was taken 
 •prisoner at Kenihvorth, and was obliged to pay no less than 3000 marks 
 for the redemption of his lands, whereupon the king received him again 
 into favour. 14th December, 49th Henry 3rd, 1264, he was summoned 
 to parliament by writ. He died soon afterwards in 1274, leaving issue 
 Gilbert, who succeeded him, and three daughters, Margaret married to 
 William de Kerdeston, Nicola married to Peter de Mauley, and Juliana, 
 who died unmarried. 
 
 Gilbert de Gant, the grandson of Gilbert, last Earl of Lincoln, suc- 
 ceeded to his father's possessions in 1274, and having served in the Welsh 
 wars with King Edward the 1st, was summoned to Parliament as a baron 
 from 23rd June, 1295, to 6th August, 1296. He married Lora, sister of 
 Alexander de Baliol, but having no issue he constituted King Edward 1st 
 his heir in the lands of his barony, viz., Ealkingham, Barton, Heckyng- 
 ton, and Edenham, retaining only Swaledale and his portion of Skendleby, 
 He died in 1297, when the barony of De Gant became extinct. 
 
 6th Henry 3rd, a.d. 1221. 
 
 The abbots of Thornton held land in Barton, as appears from a final 
 concord made in the king's court of Westminster on St. Michael's day, 
 before John de Gesling, Albert son of * * * *, Walter de Crepin, justices, 
 and other barons of our lord the king there present, in which Gilbert 
 de Gant was plaintiff, appearing by Eobert de Edenham, and Jordun
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 11 
 
 abbot of Thornton appearing by William his canon — that one toft and 
 and a half with their appnrts in Barton, which he Gilbert, by recognition 
 and fine, grants to the said abbot and his successors, and church of 
 blessed Mary of Thornton, in perpetuity. The aforesaid abbot and his 
 successors to hold by free service and twenty pence per annum, viz., at 
 the feast of the Passover tenpence, and at the feast of St. Michael's ten- 
 pence, for all services, customs, and secular exactions; and for this considera- 
 tion the aforesaid abbot is to pay the aforesaid Gilbert 50 marks of silver. 
 
 23rd Henry, 1338-9. 
 
 The records of the property alluded to in the pedigree of the De Gants, 
 and these Pines, as they are denominated, are valuable manuscripts to the 
 topogi'apher, as they give the names of the possessors of land, and the pri- 
 vileges, in certain cases, which their holders claimed, and are interesting as 
 throwing much light upon the customs of manors. 
 
 "This is the final agreement, made in the Court of the Lord the King 
 at Westminster, on the morrow of the piuification of the blessed Mary, in 
 the 23rd year of the reign of King Henry, son of King John, before 
 Robert de Lexinton, William of York, William of CuleAvurth, and Henry 
 of Bath, justices, and other faithfid persons of the Lord the King, then 
 there present ; between Ralph de Secheville and Gunnora his wife, plain- 
 tiffs, and Gilbert de Gant, defendant, of five carucates of land, three oxgangs, 
 and two acres of land, sixty and nine tofts (a), and the fourth part of one 
 toft, with the appurts in Barlhon, {b) and of the service of three knight's 
 fees, with their appurts in Barthon, Fereby, Thorpe, and Brandon ; and 
 wherevipon a plea of Warrantia^ Carta; Avas summoned between them in 
 the same court (to wit,) that the aforesaid Gilbert acknowledged the whole 
 of the aforesaid land tofts and services, with the appurts, except the 
 service of one knight's fee in Barthon and Fereby, to wit, the service of the 
 4th part of one knight's fee, which Henry de Longo Campo holds in 
 
 («) The toft mentioned here and elsowlierc is considered to be a homestead in a 
 village or manor, so eallcd fi'oni the small tufts of maple, elm, ash, and other wood, with 
 which the dwcllinc^-house was anciently overhung. These tofts or insnlaliul nussnages 
 liad each fi C';v;/7 annexed to them, "ior three or four centuries after the eou(iucst,"' 
 says Dr. Whiltaker, "there were no enclosures except these tofts and crofts ; even the 
 meadow grounds lay in common ; next to these was the corn field of the township, 
 occupied in the growth of wheat, barley, oats, &c. ; at a greater distance, and separated 
 by a wall, was the common pasture for cattle, and beyoud a wide waste of moor grazed 
 by sheep." 
 
 (i) Sic in original.
 
 12 HISTORY OF BAKTON. 
 
 Barthon, niicl the service of the 4'th part of one knight's fee which Robert 
 de Tateshale holds in the same town, and the service of half a knight's fee 
 with the appurts which Hugh the son of Ralph holds of him in Fereby, 
 which quietly shall remain to the same Gilbert and his heirs, to be the 
 right of them, Ralph and Gunnora, as those which the same Ralph and 
 Gunnora have of the gift of him Gilbert in marriage. To have and to hold 
 to the same Ralph and Gunnora, and the heirs of her, Gunnora, of the 
 bodies of them Ralph and Gunnora to be begotten, of the aforesaid Gil- 
 bert and his heirs for ever. Doing therefore the service of one knight's fee, 
 and doing suit at the court of the same Gilbert and his heirs at Barthon, 
 when there shall be any plea in that court by writ of the lord the king, or 
 theft shall be there adjudged, or when the court shall be called to proceed 
 in judgment upon any thief, or upon the plea which in that behalf shall 
 be bv the writ of the lord the king. And shall do that suit bv themselves 
 or by their bailiff, or by their attorney, which they had rather, and this 
 without any hindrance for all service and exaction ; and the same Gilbert 
 and his heirs shall warrant acquit and defend to the same Ralph and 
 Gunnora, and the heirs of the aforesaid Gunnora all the aforesaid lands, 
 tofts, and services, with the appurts by the aforesaid services, against all 
 men for ever. And for this acknowledgement, waiTant, fine, and concord, 
 the same Ralph and Gunnora have granted for themselves and the heirs 
 of the aforesaid Gunnora to the aforesaid Gilbert, all the aforesaid one 
 knight's fee, with the appurts, which the aforesaid Henry de Langchamp, 
 Robert de Tateshale, and Hugh the son of Ralph, hold. And the same 
 they have remised and quitted claim from themselves and the heirs of the 
 aforesaid Gunnora, to the same Gilbert and his heirs for ever. And the 
 aforesaid Gilbert granteth for himself and for his heirs, and likewise the 
 aforesaid Ralph and Gunnora grant for themselves and the heirs of the 
 aforesaid Gunnora that a certain common Pin-fold shall be erected in a 
 convenient place in Barthon, at the charge of both parties, in which those 
 cattle of them that shall be found doing damage shall be impounded ; and 
 the aforesaid Gilbert and his heirs shall have one mower, who shall 
 faithfully perform the service for the aforesaid Ralph and Gunnora, 
 and the heirs of the aforesaid Gunnora, at whatsoever time moAving 
 there shall be necessary. And the same Ralph and Gunnora, and 
 the hell's of the aforesaid Gunnora, shall have another mower, or reaper, 
 (jnessorem,) who faithfully shall do for the aforesaid Gilbert and his heirs, 
 the mowing at whatsoever time it shall be necessary. And if the cattle 
 of the aforesaid Ralph and Gunnora, and the heirs of the aforesaid
 
 HISTORY OF BAKTON. 13 
 
 Gunnora, or of their tenants of their fee of Barthon, shall be found doing 
 damage to the aforesaid Gilbert or his heirs, or to his tenants, they may 
 be impounded by the aforesaid bailiffs, or by either of them ; and those 
 persons to whom the cattle so impounded shall belong, by view of one 
 man of the same Gilbert and his heirs, and one man of the same Kalph 
 and Gunnora, and the heirs of the aforesaid Gunnora, shall make repara- 
 tion to the tenants to whom the cattle shall be found to have done the 
 damage. So nevertheless that if the amerciament thereof shall happen to 
 to be of the aforesaid Ealph and Gunnora, and the heirs of the aforesaid 
 Gunnora, they shall have that amerciament made in the court of the same 
 Kalph and Gunnora, and the heirs of the aforesaid Gunnora. And the 
 aforesaid Gilbert and his heirs shall have such like amerciaments made 
 in the court of him Gilbert and his heirs happening to all the other men of 
 Barthon excepting those of the aforesaid llalph and Gunnora, and the 
 heirs of the aforesaid Gunnora and their tenants. So nevertheless that 
 reparation shall be done to them for whatever injury they may have suf- 
 fered. And if the bakers or brewers of the land of the aforesaid llalph 
 and Gunnora, and the heirs of the aforesaid Gunnora, shall make or sell 
 bread or beer contrary to the assize, they ought to be attached by the 
 bailiff of the aforesaid Gilbert and his heirs, and such like pleas ought to 
 be pleaded in the court of the same Gilbert or his heirs at Barton ; and if 
 they shall be amerced, they ought to be reasonably amerced by the oaths 
 of two men of the fee of the aforesaid Gilbert or his heirs, and two men of 
 the land of the aforesaid Ralph and Gunnora, or the heirs of the aforesaid 
 Gunnora ; and that amerciament or fine, if a fine shall be made, shall be 
 divided between the aforesaid Gilbert or his heirs, and the aforesaid 
 Ralph and Gunnora, or the heirs of her Gunnora, And if judgment of 
 pillory or tumbrell (a) ought to be undergone, justice thereon shall be done 
 in the court of the same Gilbert, or of his heirs. And the aforesaid Ralph 
 and Gunnora have granted for themselves and the heirs of the aforesaid 
 Gunnora, as much as to them belongs ; that the aforesaid and his heirs 
 shall have the toll of fifty nine tofts and a fourth part of one toft, which 
 the men of the aforesaid Ralph and Gunnora hold in burgage in the 
 same town. 
 
 In the following year one of those instances of the want of a charter of 
 
 («) An engine of punishment, "which," says Kitchen, " ought to he in every place 
 that hath View of Frankpledge, for the correction of unquiet women and scolds." Others 
 make it synonymous with ducking stool.
 
 14 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 confirmation is shown in a dispute between Gilbert and the abbot and 
 convent of Bardney : — 
 
 " This is the final concord, made in the court of our Lord the King at 
 Lincoln on the morrow of the assumption of the blessed Mary, in the 34th 
 year of the reign of King Henry, son of King John, before Robert de 
 Lexinton, Ralph de Sulley, William de Culeworth, SoUano de Nevill, 
 Robert de Hay a, and Walter de Engayne, justices itinerant, and other 
 faithful persons of our lord the king, then there present, between Adam, 
 the abbot of Bardanay, plaintifl^ by brother William, his monk, put in his 
 place to lose or to gain; and Gilbert de Gaunt, defendant, of this, that the 
 same Gilbert would not permit him to have his free passage over the 
 water of Humber, which in the same he ought, and hath been accustomed 
 to have. And the same abbot demanded why the aforesaid Gilbert would 
 not permit him to have free passage over the aforesaid water m Barton ? 
 And thereupon there was a plea between them in the same court, to wit, 
 that the aforesaid Gilbert granted for himself and his heirs that the afore- 
 said abbot and his successors, and his monks, and the men of his house- 
 hold, and his horses, should have free passage over the water of Humber, 
 without payment for the passage, or hindrance of him Gilbert, or of his 
 heirs for ever. And for the grant, fine, and agreement, the same abbot 
 gave to the aforesaid Gilbert one hundred shillings sterling." 
 
 25 Henry 3rd, a.d. 1341-3. 
 
 That the manor of Barton was seized into the king's hands, in the 
 reign of Hemy 3rd, is evident from the following extracts, but in what 
 manner the royal displeasure was incurred is not apparent : 
 
 "35 Henry 3rd, a.d. 1241-3. The sheriff of York and Lincoln is 
 commanded that he take into the king's hands all the lands which were 
 Gilbert de Gant's, in his bailwick, and keep them in safe custody, until 
 the king shall order otherwise." 
 
 " 36 Henry 3rd. Gilbert de Gant gave one hundred pounds for his 
 relief to have seisin of all the lands which had been Gilbert de Gant's, 
 his father, which he held in capite." 
 
 As the amount in money paid under various circumstances occurs fre- 
 quently in these pages, it may not be unnecessary to state that a pound at 
 this early period, contained three times the weight of silver that the nominal 
 pound does in later ages, and the same weight of silver by the most pro- 
 bable computation would purchase nearly seven times the cpiantity of the
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 15 
 
 necessaries of life. If tlierefore the hundred pounds fine for relief and 
 seisin of the above lands be multiplied by three for the diiference in the 
 weight of silver, and afterwards by seven, for the variation of the value of 
 money between 1242 and 1800, it would give about £2100. 
 
 DOMESDAY PRICES. 
 
 The Eev. W. Lisle Bowles, in his History of Bremhill, makes a few 
 useful remarks, suggested by the accoimt in Domesday book, on the wages, 
 and some of the prices of agricultural produce on the farms where the 
 mllani and servi laboured. "-'We find two oxen sold for 17s, 4d., but we 
 must bear in mind that one Norman shilling was as much in value as 
 three of ours ; and when we find that thirty hens were sold for three 
 farthings each, we must bear in mind the same proportion. The price of 
 a sheep was one shilling, that is, three of ours. Wheat was six shillings 
 per quarter, that would be according to our scale, two shillings and tlu-ee 
 pence per bushel ; and these prices should be again multiplied by seven." 
 
 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF ENGLISH JIONEY. 
 
 Conquest 
 18 Edward I. 
 18 Edward III. 
 20 Edward III. 
 27 Edward III. 
 13 Henry IV. 
 
 4 Edward IV. 
 18 Henry VIII. 
 34 Henry VIII 
 
 36 Henry VIII. 
 
 37 Henry VIII. 
 
 5 Edward VI. 
 
 6 Edward VI. 
 
 1 Mary . 
 
 2 Elizabeth . 
 43 Elizabeth 
 
 Dates. 
 
 1066- 
 
 Value of Pound 
 
 Sterling present 
 
 Money. 
 
 -2 18 \\ 
 
 . 1300- 
 
 -2 17 5 
 
 1344- 
 
 -2 12 5i 
 
 . 1346- 
 
 -2 11 8 
 
 1353- 
 
 -2 6 6 
 
 . 1412- 
 
 -1 18 9 
 
 1464- 
 
 -1 11 
 
 . 1527- 
 
 -1 7 6f 
 
 1543- 
 
 -1 3 3i 
 
 . 1545- 
 
 -0 13 lli- 
 
 1546- 
 
 -0 9 3f 
 
 . 1551- 
 
 -0 4 7f 
 
 1552- 
 
 -1 6f 
 
 . 1553- 
 
 -1 51 
 
 1560- 
 
 -10 
 
 . 1601- 
 
 -10 
 
 The following are instances, if any were wanting, of the unfrcc condi- 
 tion of the people, those who were born on the estates of lords of the 
 manors being transferred like the cattle on the soil : —
 
 16 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 " Gilbert de Gant gave the service of Lambert, son of William, for one 
 carucate of land in Barton, which was certified by Eobert de Gant, his 
 brother." 
 
 " Robert, son of Walter de Gant, gave 26 acres of land, with a toft, in 
 this territory, with the service of Gerard, son of Ralph de Ferriby, and all 
 his family, for lands that he held of Gilbert de Gant." 
 
 1 Edward 2, a.d. 1307-8. 
 
 In the fia-st year of Edward the second, Henry de Beaumont had a 
 grant in fee of the manors of Falkingham, Edenham, and Barion-upon- 
 Hmnher, and of aU the knight's fees belonging to Gilbert de Gant. That 
 the manor did not long remain in the hands of the crown is evident, for 
 on the death of the widow of Gilbert de Gant (Lora) it was at the com- 
 mencement of this reign thus granted to Henry de Bello-monte, commonly 
 called the Great Lord Beaumont, for his service. 
 
 Gilbert de Gant in addition to his confirmation of what his father had 
 bestowed on the abbey of Bardney, gave to it his manor of Barton, with 
 three carucates of land ; but in a second charter of confirmation, (a) the 
 manor is not named, from which it may be inferred some exchange had 
 taken place, in which he retained the manor to himself. From the small 
 quantity of land now attached to the manor, it may be concluded that the 
 great portion of the baronial lands in Barton had been gi-anted to 
 religious houses. The monasteries of Thornton, Newhouse, Ruftbrd, &c., 
 all possessed lands in Barton, as well as Bardney abbey. 
 
 BEAUMONT. 
 
 Barons by writ : 
 
 1. — 1309. Henry Beaumont styled in 1307, " Consanguineus Regis." 
 Summoned to parliament from 4 March 2 Edwd. 2, 1309, to 20 Oct. 6 
 Edwd. 3, 1332 ; as a baron, from 22 Jan. 7 Edwd. 3, 1334, to 16 Nov. 
 13 Edwd. 3, 1339, as "Henricus de Bello-monte, Comes deBoghan," and 
 constable of Scotland. Ob. 1340. 
 
 2. — 1340-2. John Beaumont, son and heir, who never used the title of 
 Earl of Boghan, summoned to parliament as " Johannes de Bello-monte," 
 25 Feb. 16 Edwd. 3, 1342. Ob. 1342. 
 
 3. — 1342-3. Henry Beaumont, son and heir, summoned to parliament 
 
 {a) See Baidney Abbey.
 
 HISTORY or BARTON. 17 
 
 from 14 Aug., 36 Edwd. 3, 1362, to 24 Feb., 42 Edwd. 3, 1368. Ob. 
 1368. 
 
 4. — 1368. John Beaumont, son and heir, summoned tO parKament 
 from 20 Aug., 7 Eich. 2, 1383, to 13 Nov., 17 Richd. 2, 1393 K.G. 
 Ob. 1396. 
 
 5. — Henry Beaumont, son and heir, summoned to parliament from 25 
 Aug., 5 Henry 4, 1404, to 22 March, 1 Henry 5, 1413. Ob. 1413. 
 
 6. — 1413. John Beaumont, son and heir, summoned to parliament 
 from 26 Feb., 10 Henry 6, 1432, to 26 Sep., 18 Henry 6, 1439; 
 created Viscount Beaumont 12 Feb., 1440 K.G. Ob. 1459. 
 
 7. — William Beaumont, son and heir, ob. 1507 S.P., when the vis- 
 countcy became extinct, leaving the daughters of Joan, his only sister, 
 wife of John Lord Lovel, his co-heirs, between whom this barony fell into 
 abeyance. 
 
 Persons unacquainted with the deductions of titles to property in these 
 remote ages would be at a loss to understand how the manor, which ex- 
 tended over the whole lordship, should have remained entire, since it will 
 be seen that Walter de Gant, in addition to his confirmation of what his 
 father had bestowed upon the abbey of Bardney, gave to it his manor of 
 Barton, with three carucates of land, &c. But in a subsequent charter of 
 confirmation (a) the manor is omitted, from which it may be inferred that, 
 in an exchange between the parties, the manor was retained by De Gant. 
 
 MARKET AND FAIR. 
 
 1 Edward 2, a d. 1307. — The existence of a Market at the Con- 
 quest is confirmed by Domesday, and a Fair was also granted to Gilbert 
 de Gant in his manor of Barton-upon-Humber, to be held yearly for seven 
 days, viz., on the feast of St. Trinity, and six days after ; and when the 
 manor came into possession of Lord Beaumont, king Edward 2nd, in the 
 first year of his reign, 16 October, 1307, granted a new market {b) and 
 fair by charter, to be held every week on Monday. The following is a 
 copy :— 
 
 {a) Vide Bardaey Abbey. 
 
 (i) Amongst tbe records in the " Hundred Rolls " it is stated that about the year 
 1275, Magister Gilbert, of Barton, and ILniry de Lacy, of Burton-Slather, compelled 
 those who exposed merchandize for sale in the markets to pay exorbitant tolls, in viola- 
 tion of the charters. The inhabitants endeavoured to free themselves from such imposi- 
 tion, but their efforts were fruitless.
 
 ]8 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 " The king to the archbishop, greeting. — Know ye that we have given, 
 and by charter confirm, to our well-beloved cousin and faithful Henry de 
 Bello-monte, that he and his heirs in perpetuity may have one market 
 every seven days at his manor of Falkingham, county Lincoln, and one 
 fair every year for three days duration, viz., on the eve, and on the day, 
 and on the morrow of St. Martin, and one market every seventh day, 
 on Monday, at his manor of Barton-on-Humher, in the said county, and 
 one fair there every year for seven days duration, viz., on the vigil, (a) and 
 on the day of the Exaltation of the holy cross, and for five days following. 
 And one market every Monday at his manor of Edenham, in the same 
 county; and one fair there every year for three days duration, viz., on the 
 vigil, on the day, and on the morrow of All Saints, unless siich market 
 and fair be to the injury of the neighbouring markets, and that he may 
 have free warren in all his demesne lands of the manors aforesaid, and of 
 Heckyngton in the same county. Nevertheless, that his lands may not be 
 within the bounds of our forests, to hunt or take anything that belongs to 
 warren without the license and wUl of the said Henry and his heirs, upon 
 the forfeiture of ten pounds. These being mtnesses — the venerable 
 Father W., Archbishop of York, &c." 
 
 Fairs were appointed on saints' days, in order that trade might attract 
 those whom religion could not influence. They were held in the streets, 
 and indulgences were granted to those who came to the benediction of the 
 friars. They were sought because shops were rare, and stores for a whole 
 year were then laid in by housekeepers. In the middle ages the word 
 balita occurs, a kind of portico to screen goods from the weather ; the 
 bord halpeny, or toll for erecting booths; and cohul, porticos, or sometimes 
 the piepoude}' court. It appears that in one nobleman's house, " he that 
 stands charged with my lorde's for the houU yeir, if he may possibly shall 
 be at all fairs ; where the groice emptions shall be boughte for the house 
 for the houll yeir, as wine, wax, beiifes, muttons, wheite, and maltie." 
 This quotation is a proof that fairs were the principal marts for 
 purchasing necessaries in large quantities, and the mention of "beiffes 
 and muttons," which were salted oxen and sheep, that they knew 
 but little of breeding cattle, and that the state of the population was 
 much lower than generally imagined. The vendors at fairs, in order to 
 attract buyers, were accompanied by jugglers, minstrels, and buffoons. 
 
 (a) The vigil of the feast was the day before the feast itself, and the morrow 
 of the feast the day after.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 19 
 
 The origin of fairs has been sought for in the annual resort to some holy 
 well, or to the festival of the saint to whom the church is dedicated, hence 
 the most ancient fairs will be found to correspond with the dedication of 
 the church, and were formerly kept in churchyards, until restrained by the 
 Statute of Westminster, 13 Edward I. 
 
 EDWARD 1st, a.d. 1272-1307. 
 
 To give anything like a detailed account of the Public Records in an 
 unpretending work like the present would not only be too voluminous 
 but unnecessary. As they are however comparatively but little known, 
 a few remarks may not be out of place. 
 
 The revenues of the crown arising from knight's fees, escheats, 
 wardships, marriages, &c., had been considerably diminished in the 
 reign of Henry the 3rd by tenants in capite alienating without licence, 
 and by the clergy as avcU as laity withholding under various pre- 
 tences the just dues and rights of the crown, and assuming the power 
 of holding courts and other jura regalia. Exactions and oppressions had 
 also been committed on the people, by the nobility and other great men 
 claiming rights of free chace and free warren, and also by demanding un- 
 reasonable tolls in markets and fairs; and likewise by sheriffs and escheat- 
 ors, and other officers of the crown, under colour of the law. These abuses 
 remained unreforraed until the return of king Edward the 1st from the 
 Holy Land towards the end of the second year of his reign, when it became 
 one of his first objects to enquire into the demesne rights and revenues of 
 the crown on the one hand, and into the conduct of its officers on the 
 other. As the justices itinerant, whose duty it was to have attained this 
 information, went the circuit but once in seven years, it was necessary to 
 adopt a speedy remedy for these evils. The king therefore issued the 
 commission alluded to, and the result produced evidence upon the oaths of 
 a jury of each hundred and loicn in every county. 
 
 The residts of these inquisitions are extracted from the Hundred Rolls. 
 
 Edwd. 1. " Item. They say that Gilbert de Gant and his bailifl!'s at 
 Barton have taken tollage of the citizens of Lincoln for thirty years last 
 past, to the prejudice of our lord the king and the damage of the city 
 aforesaid in its merchandize, and by what warrant they know not." 
 
 The citizens of Lincoln had considerable privileges by charter, amongst 
 which was exemption from toll, a privilege possessed by many cities and 
 towns. Beverley is an instance of this, being exempt from all toll through- 
 out the kingdom. The citizens of Lincoln were no doubt tenacious of
 
 20 HISTORY OF BARTON, 
 
 their privileges, as they resorted to all markets and fairs of the neighbour- 
 ing towns for the disposal of their goods, which they had the right 
 of vending free from toll, stallage, &c., and at the time referred to this 
 gave them advantages over their less privileged competitors. 
 
 " Item. They say that Gilbert de Gant hath appropriated to himself 
 at Barton the waifs and wreck of the sea, with privilege of punishing felons 
 by the gallows, the tumbrill, and pillory, from the time of the Conquest, — 
 but by what authority they know not. 
 
 He hath also tollage (a) in the port of the Humber and in the market 
 daily of merchants there coming, and with their merchandize return- 
 ing by the same, he hath the passage of the Humber there, he hath also a 
 fair in the same town for seven days, at the feast of the Holy Trinity by 
 charter of king Henry, the father of our lord the king that now is." 
 
 " Item. They say that John de la Lay bought twenty sacks of wool, 
 each sack for — marks, for the use of Richard de Cambrex and carried 
 the said wool to the port of Hull, and transferred it beyond sea." 
 
 A mandate was issued to the bailiffs of Barton-upon-Humber that they 
 take sufficient security of John de Briland, merchant, London, for xi 
 sacks and one pocket of wool, so that the said wool may be delivered at 
 the king's pleasure. 
 
 " Item. They say that Eobert le Colun, bailiff of Gilbert de Gant, de- 
 ceased, made carriage of wool from the town of Barton to HuU, and from 
 thence there were sent to parts beyond sea in number xx sacks, the price of 
 each being ten marks, (b) and the said Robert took from each of such sacks 
 for the use of the king four shillings, as it was testified to us by the jury 
 of Barton ; two years have elapsed from which the king hath had nothing." 
 
 " Item. They say that Alan Waytskaye had a brief of our lord the king 
 that certain foreigners might be able to convey their wool to parts beyond 
 the seas, and he was unwilling to make a copy of this brief for the twelve 
 jurymen who were able to license the conveyance of this wool, whereby it 
 could not be enquired of who had licence of carrying, and who had not, 
 
 (a) In the reigns of Edward 2ud, 8 Richard 4th, and Henry 4th, there were grants 
 for Pavagium to the town of Barton in common with other places. These grants were 
 conceded to the respective phices upon petition from time to time, to levy tolls for the 
 repair of the roads through the town, and were highly necessary where a ferry so con- 
 stantly resorted to as that of Barton existed. The tolls were — for every bag of wool 
 for sale twopence, for. ten sheep, goats, pigs, &c., one penny ; for every vessel coming to 
 the town, one halfpenny ; for every hundred of board, one halfpenny ; for every cart 
 coming to the town with things for sale, one halfpenny ; for every horse and mare, ox 
 or cow, for sale, one halfpenny ; for every salt fish for sale, one farthing, &c., &c. 
 
 {&) A mark was 13s. 4d.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 21 
 
 and by reason of this defection of the aforesaid Alan." 
 
 For the better collection of the duties, the goods upon which they were 
 charged were allowed to be exported from those places only where the king 
 had his staple, and where the wool was ironed, which was the weighing of 
 that article at the trone or king's-beam in all ports where it was allowed 
 to be exported, and Hull was the port for this part of the kingdona. 
 
 Of those who make rescue from the bailifts of the lord the king — 
 
 " Item. They say that the bailiffs of our lord the king have made vari- 
 ous distresses for debts due to our lord the king for wool, and for default 
 of the sheriff, and for certain fines of the sheriff from poor merchants of 
 Barton, and elsewhere, and that the bailiff of Gilbert de Gaunt, father of 
 Gilbert that now is, neither permitted the bailiff of our lord the king to 
 make the distresses in the town nor in the open fields of Barton, nor drive 
 the cattle by them seized beyond the boundaries of the said town. Never- 
 theless Gilbert de Gaunt that now is neither hindered them either by 
 himself or by the bailiffs, Robert Lilling and Adam Weytscathe. 
 
 Among other malpractices which the proceedings of the commission 
 alluded to in the previous account of the records brought to light, it was 
 found that during the discords between Henry the 3rd and the Countess 
 of Flanders, an unlawful exportation of wool had been carried on to a 
 considerable extent, and particiUarly from Hull, Barton, and other seaports 
 on the eastern coast, with connivance in many instances of the lords of the 
 places whence the shipments were made. Facilities were afforded by 
 those who held situations of trust under the crown, to merchants and 
 others, to evade the prohibitory mandates, and sales were often made by 
 persons in authority, under circumstances which could leave no room for 
 doubt that the article sold was purchased for the express purpose of ex- 
 portation. Amongst other instances adduced of these practices, Mr. Frost, 
 in his "Notices," p. 101, mentions the twenty sacks bought in Lincoln- 
 shire for John de Lay, — in which valuable work the importance of the 
 trade in wool at this period is ably treated of. 
 
 " They say that four carucates of land and one half were abstracted 
 from the fee of Gilbert de Gaunt (the father of Gilbert that now is) thirty 
 years ago, and which were liable to be taxed, in tlie common amerciaments 
 of the county, and in case of murder, but by what warrant they know 
 not." 
 
 " They say the prior of Ormesby holds four oxgangs of land of Gilbert 
 de Gaunt, in Barton, in free alms, by the service of half a mark yearly — 
 twenty years now elapsed."
 
 23 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 " Tliey say that Elias de la Hill, of Barton, struck Kicliard de la Hill, 
 of the same place, in the head, so that he was deprived of his life, and he 
 took to flight." 
 
 " And Alan Waytes' (of Barton) charge took up the same Elias, and had 
 him searched in the town of Barton, and he was tonsured that he might 
 not be detained, but they know not by what warrant." 
 
 These Items are taken from the Hundred Rolls, all in the reign of 
 Edward the Jst, but the date of the year of his reign is not given. 
 
 In the month of April, a.d. 1300, king Edward the 1st, accompanied 
 by his new queen (Margaret of France,) and his eldest son prince Edward, 
 set out for the north, taking their route through Lincolnshire. The royal 
 party crossed the Humber at Barton for Hessle. The great north road 
 (via regia,) at this period ran direct from Hessle, through Beverley. The 
 following is the entry made for their passage, which lasted two days : 
 
 " To Philip Lardner, the king's host at Hessle, a gift of the king as a 
 compensation for the damage sustained on the occasion of the king's 
 arrival in the same month of May, by the hands of William de Bude, at 
 Hessle, 5s." 
 
 " To Galfrid de Selby and other sailors of the eleven barges and boats, 
 for conveying the king's military equipment and household from Barton to 
 Hessle, across the Humber, occupying two days, by the hands of the same 
 sailors, at Hessle, 27th May, 13s." {a) 
 
 If any importance may be attached to the circumstance, the Compotus 
 of William de Wrotham may be referred to, as early as the reign of king 
 John, wherein the rates of the assessment of a tax called quinzeme, col- 
 lected in the ports of the Humber, give the proportion of 10 to 1 in 
 favour of Hull above Barton, and at the same time the relative proportions 
 for Grimsby, Hedon, and Barton, are as 9, 6, and 3, a sort of arithmetical 
 proportion, according to the distance of each port from the sea. 
 
 In the Compotus which is recorded in the Great Roll of the Pipe, and 
 noted in Allen's History of Lincolnshire, the town of Hull is stated to 
 have raised £344 14s. ^\&., Grimsby £91 15s. O^d., Hedon £60 8s. 4d., 
 Barton £33 lis. 9d., Immingham £18 15s. lO^d., Selby £17 16s. 8d., 
 Whitby 4s. {b) . 
 
 33 Edward 1st, 1305. — " At the petition of Walter de Osegotesby and 
 
 (a) Lib. Qiiot. Gard., p. 61. 
 
 {b) Charles Frost, Esq., says Wrotham and his companions accounted for the duty- 
 called quinzeme, received between 20th July, 5th John, 1203, and 30th November, 
 7th John, 1205.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 23 
 
 Joan his wife, praying that they might have common of pasture in a certain 
 place called Little Marsh, in the town of Barton-upon-Humber, which the 
 countess Alice de Gaunt, daughter of Gilbert de Gaunt, by her charter gave 
 and granted to Robert le Scroop, ancestor of the said Joan, whose heir she 
 is, for all kinds of cattle; and whereof the said Robert and his heirs were 
 seized until the death of Gilbert de Gaunt, who lately died at the time 
 when Joceus, brother of the said Joan died within age, and in the 
 custody of the said Gilbert, and made enclosures in the severalty, &c., by 
 which the bailiffs of the king deprived the said Joceus of the said com- 
 mon when he came of age, and as yet do deprive the said Walter and Joan." 
 
 Thus it is answered : — " Go into Chancery and have a writ to the es- 
 cheator, that he may inquii'e, in the presence of the complainant, if he 
 wishes to be present, upon the contents of the petition, and let the king 
 be certified." 
 
 8 Edward 2, a.d. 1314-15. The petition of Luke Borvil, of Barton, 
 sets forth that he held a certain tenement in the said town of the king in 
 capite, paying annually for the same into the king's exchequer a sparrow 
 hawk, valued at two shillings, and which the sheriiF of Lincoln says is 
 fully accounted for in his compotus in the said exchequer, John Abel, 
 now the king's escheator, took the same tenement into the king's hands, 
 to the great injury of the said Luke, whereof the said Luke prays relief. 
 
 Answer. " It is commanded by the treasurer and barons of the ex- 
 chequer, that John Abel be summoned before them, and heard upon the 
 complaint of the said Liike, and justice done in this behalf as set forth in 
 the said petition." 
 
 These tenures were common in foimer ages, but very singular, (a) 
 sometimes being a pound of cummin or cinnamon, sometimes three barbed 
 arrows, but they were usually commuted for by a money payment, as in 
 this instance. To hold of the king in capite is a proof that this tene- 
 ment was in the king's hands at the time, and not in possession of an 
 overlord. The phrase " to hold of the king in capite, as of the manor of 
 Barton," was found convenient, and even necessary, so as to distinguish the 
 holding from the primary and original holding, which was ut de corona. 
 
 The predatory wars in which the English and Scots were engaged com- 
 pelled the English to draw their supplies from England. The Scotch 
 
 («) The following is an instance, from " Blount's Tenures.'" — " Sir Edward Botiler, 
 knight, and Ann his wife, sister and heir of Hugh le Despeneer, hold the manor of 
 Bonhy, in the county of Lincoln, by the service of bearing a White Rod before our lord 
 the king at the feast of Christmas, if the king should be in that county at the said feast."
 
 24 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 Rolls are important records of the political transactions between England 
 and Scotland. They abound with writs issued by the crown for supplies 
 from various ports of Yorkshire, as well as other places more in the interior, 
 and in most instances Berwick-upon-Tweed was the place appointed for 
 their delivery. 
 
 8 Edward 2nd, a.d. 1314-15. — "John de Gaskrick, of Barton, and 
 other merchants of Barton." 
 
 " To the petition of John de Gaskrick, of Barton, and other merchants 
 of Barton-upon-Humber, stating that they had loaded at Barton a certain 
 ship of theirs with corn, malt, and other provisions, to the value of £55, 
 to sail to Berwick-upon-Tweed, with munitions, for the support of men in 
 that place, as appears by a deed sealed under the common seal of the com- 
 monalty of the same town, and which ship, by stress of weather, was 
 forced between the castle of Bamburgh and Warner, whereupon Roger de 
 Horsle constable of the castle aforesaid, took and carried away the provi- 
 sions aforesaid, found in the said ship, and hitherto detains them, be- 
 longing to the said merchants (by the king's writ issued to them,) nor can 
 he be permitted legitimately to do so, to their great injury, &c., &c. 
 Whereupon the said merchants pray a satisfaction be made to them in 
 these premises." 
 
 The answer of the council. " It is commanded that Roger de Horsle, 
 late constable, appear before us in our chancery in three weeks of the day 
 of Passover, and answer to the contents of this petition; and it is ordered 
 that the present constable sieze the goods in possession of the said Roger, 
 in whole, without loss, and place them beforehand in the king's custody." 
 
 So very little is left from which the trade or population of this place in 
 these early periods can be ascertained, that it is only from a petition, or 
 a chance document, that any idea can be formed of its trading community. 
 It may be inferred, from the petition of John de Gaskrick, there was 
 something like unity in their commercial pursuits. The expression that the 
 common seal of the commonalty, or guild, {a) was affixed to the deed, indi- 
 cates that trade existed to some extent. The topographer can only supply 
 such information as the documents in his possession enable him to 
 establish. 
 
 («) Gilda mercatoria, a " Merchant Guild " was the community of a burgh, con- 
 sisting of every description of persons who bought and sold. Such a guild miist 
 not however be admitted as a proof, nor even a presumption, that Barton was 
 extensively engaged in commerce, all dealers, however trifling, being then called 
 merchants.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 25 
 
 From a plea at Banco. Trin. 13 Edward 2, Rot. 40, a.d. 1319-20. 
 
 It sets forth that Henry de BeUo-monte was summoned to answer 
 Isabella widow of John de Vesci, who held a covenant made between 
 them, of the manors of Falkingham, Edenham, Heckington, and Barton- 
 upon-Humber, with their appurts so lately come (into possession) of the 
 aforesaid Henry, and so an agi-eement was made, and the aforesaid Isabella 
 offered to the lord the king four marks for the License of an agreement. And 
 upon this the said Henry offered his letters patent, and the said lord the 
 king gave and granted license for himself and his heirs as much as in 
 them is ; that the said Henry might give and grant the aforesaid manors 
 with their appurts, which he held of the said lord the king in caplte, to 
 the said Isabella. To have and to hold to the said Isabella for her Avhole 
 life, with a knight's fee, and advowson of the churches, and all other 
 things to the aforesaid manors appertaining from the lord the king, and 
 his heirs, by the services due and accustomed. So that after the death 
 of the said Isabella, the manor aforesaid, with the knight's fee and advow- 
 son of the churches and other their appurtenances, shoiUd revert wholly to 
 the aforesaid Henry and his heirs, to hold of the lord the king and his 
 heirs by services due and accustomed. Also by writ of the lord the king 
 now enrolled, the king commands the same his justices that a fine as 
 aforesaid between the parties aforesaid be made according to law and 
 custom of this kingdom. 
 
 Isabella was a sister of the Beaumonts, and married John de Vesci, of 
 Alnwick, in the county of Northumberland, one of the most powerful barons 
 of the north. It does not seem to be decided what quantity of land or 
 sum of money constituted a knight's fee ; it appears to have had a dillcr- 
 ent value at different periods. In 2 Edward 2ud a knight's fee was stated 
 at £20. 
 
 When hunting was so much the occupation of all, a grant of free warren 
 was of great moment in those ages when society was so constituted, and 
 the arts afforded but few objects worthy of attention. The condition of 
 those grants was that the knights and free tenants might in tlicir 
 own lands take all such things as are of warren, without let or hindrance 
 of the lord, reserving to them free warren in all their demesne lands and 
 woods. 
 
 In a grant of free warren to Henry de BeUo-monte, "hunt, shoot, and 
 ferret," are the terms employed. («) 
 
 ('!') See the Statutes at large concerning free chase, hunting, deer stealing, warren, &c.
 
 26 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 The following is a copy of a grant of free warren : — 
 
 ]3 Edward 2nd, a.d. 1319-20. Eot. Cart. "The king to the 
 archbishop, &c., greeting. — Know ye that we at the requisition of our dearly 
 beloved clerk, John de Barton, by our especial grace, give and grant, and 
 by this our charter confirm, to our well beloved Adam de Kydale, of 
 Barton, and to Agnes his wife, that they and the heirs of Adam may have 
 in perpetuity free warren in all their demesne lands in Barton-upon- 
 Humber, Ferriby, and Yordeburgh, in the county of Lincoln. Neverthe- 
 less, so that the lands be not within the bounds of our forests, so that no 
 one shall enter those lands to hunt in them, nor take anything which 
 belongs to free wan-en, without the license or consent of the said Adam, 
 Agnes, or their heirs, upon a fine paid to us of ten pounds. Wherefore 
 we mil, and firmly command for ourselves and for our heirs, that the 
 aforesaid Adam and Agnes, and the heirs of Adam, shall have in perpetuity 
 free warren in all their demesne lands ; provided that the lands be not within 
 the bounds of our forests, so that they shall not have the lands to hunt in 
 them, nor take anything which belongs to free warren, without the license 
 and will of them, the said Adam and Agnes, and the heirs of Adam, upon 
 the forfeiture to us of ten pounds, as is aforesaid. 
 
 " These being witnesses, the venerable Father W. Cantuar, Archbishop 
 of all England, Primate ; I Norwic, Bishop, our Chancellor ; W. Exon, 
 Bishop ; Aylmer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, our treasurer ; Hugh le 
 Despenser the younger ; Willo Latymer, John de Clumwell, and others. 
 Given by our hand at Odyham, xxviii. May, by writ of Privy Seal." 
 
 Pleas in Banco, Easter tei'm for three weeks. Bereford. 
 
 Lincoln. Adam de Kydale (who was steward of the manor of Barton,) 
 in court for many defaults. 
 
 This is a long and wordy document, from which it appears that Adam 
 de Kydale was summoned by Henry de Bello-monte, because he had not ren- 
 dered him a reasonable compotus (account) of his rents for the time 
 that he was his bailiff at Barton-upon-Humber, whereof the said Henry, 
 by William Horbeyngs, his attorney, says that the said Adam con- 
 tinued bailiff to the said Henry of his manor of Barton-upon-Humber, at 
 the feast of St. Michael, in the year of our lord the king. The damages 
 are laid at £2000 ; and the affair seems to have been earned into the 
 court at York. This action, as it would be termed in the present day, is 
 without date, but occurred within the period the manor was in possession 
 of Lord Beaumont.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 27 
 
 SHIPS. 
 
 Edward 3rd. It was not until the 14tli century that this country pos- 
 sessed a regular navy, the maritime forces of the kingdom consisting only 
 of merchant ships and vessels which were pressed into the service. An 
 instance of this occurs so early as the year 1314, when about thirty ships 
 wxrc required to assemble at Kingston-upon-Hull, preparatory to an 
 expedition against Scotland, on which occasion two ships {naves) were to 
 be furnished by Hull, and one each by Ravenser, Grimsby, Barion, and 
 Boston, (a) 
 
 32 Edward 3rd, a.d. 1359. On king Edward's invasion of Brittany 
 there were 82 towns assessed in proportion to their trading importance: 
 the king on the part of government furnishing 25 ships. The scale of 
 importance in that day of the different towns when compared with what 
 they are now, aifords a most striking proof of the vicissitudes to which 
 trading places are liable. Eowey, in Cornwall, sent as many ships as 
 London did, and the names of several places which then stood high on the 
 
 list are now forgotten. 
 
 The following is an extract from the list. (6) 
 
 
 Ships. 
 
 Men. 
 
 
 
 Shipa. 
 
 Men. 
 
 London furnished 
 
 25 
 
 662 
 
 Hull 
 
 
 16 
 
 466 
 
 Margate 
 
 15 
 
 160 
 
 York 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 Fevcrsham 
 
 22 
 
 504 
 
 Ravenspur 
 
 
 1 
 
 27 
 
 Dover 
 
 16 
 
 336 
 
 Stockwith 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 Winchelsea 
 
 21 
 
 596 
 
 Barlon-upon 
 
 ■Hiimber 3 
 
 30 
 
 Syd mouth 
 
 3 
 
 62 
 
 Saltflcet 
 
 
 2 
 
 49 
 
 Exinouth 
 
 10 
 
 193 
 
 Grimsby 
 
 
 11 
 
 171 
 
 Dartmouth 
 
 31 
 
 757 
 
 Wainfleet 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 5 
 
 96 
 
 Lynn 
 
 
 ]9 
 
 382 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 26 . 
 
 603 
 
 Yarmouth 
 
 
 43 
 
 1075 
 
 Loo 
 
 20 
 
 315 
 
 Harwich 
 
 
 14 
 
 283 
 
 Fowey 
 
 47 
 
 770 
 
 Ipswich 
 
 
 12 
 
 239 
 
 Bristol 
 
 24 
 
 608 
 
 Colchester 
 
 
 5 
 
 90 
 
 Shoreham 
 
 26 
 
 329 
 
 Boston 
 
 
 17 
 
 361 
 
 Southampton 
 
 21 
 
 576 
 
 Barton-o)i-IIumber 
 
 5 
 
 91 
 
 Newcastle 
 
 17 . 
 
 314 
 
 Whitby 
 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 Hartlepool 
 
 5 
 
 145 
 
 Dunwich 
 
 
 6 
 
 102 
 
 It is sin 
 
 gular that Barton 
 
 occurs twice in this 
 
 list. 
 
 
 ia) Frost's "Notices," p. 132. 
 
 {b) The list will be found complete iu the Archoslogia, vol 6, p. 214.
 
 28 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 Bardney is a considerable village, distant about ten miles from Lin- 
 coln, five miles south of Wragby, and situate on tlie eastern bank of the 
 river Witham, in a nuirshy district formerly abounding vpith woods and 
 swamps, but now fertile from the successful culture of late years. 
 
 This place is celebrated in history for its Monastery, which was one of 
 the most ancient in the kingdom. Under the name of Beardaneau it ex- 
 isted before the year 697, and Ethelred, king of Mercia, was probably 
 the founder, or at all events the chief benefactor. When he resigned his 
 crown, he became a monk in this house, and was eventually abbot. The 
 body of St. Oswald, king of Northumbria, was interred here ; and there 
 are said to have been no less than 300 monks. In 870 the Danes under 
 Inquar and Ilubba burnt this monastery to the ground. After lying in 
 ruins 200 years, Gilbert de Gant re-edified it, and replenished it with 
 Benedictine monks, dedicating it to the honour of St. Peter, St. Paul, and 
 St. Oswald. William of Malmesbury attributes this second foundation to 
 Eemigius, bishop of Lincoln ; but this probably means no more than that 
 he gave his sanction to the benevolent intentions of Gilbert de Gant. The 
 revenues of the abbey were valued 26 Henry 8 at £366 6s. Id. per 
 annum according to Dugdale ; £439 7s. according to Speed; and J432 
 according to Leland's Collectanea. This Gilbert, Earl of Lincoln, 
 jure uxoris, most bountifully endowed it with great possessions, and the 
 tithes of all his extensive estates, among which were the churches of St. 
 Peter and St. Mary, at Barton-upon-Humber. By the following charters 
 it will be seen that the manor itself had been granted to it, and was by 
 exchange again restored to the overlord of this place. Bardney hall, in 
 Barton, says Dugdale, was part of the property belonging to the 
 monastery. King Henry 4th, attended by a great number of courtiers, 
 paid a visit to this monastery, where he was received with great ceremony 
 by the abbot and monks. The abbots had many privileges, being anciently 
 styled " lords of Lindsey," and it will be seen they had a right of passage 
 across the Humber, at Barton, free of charge, &c. 
 
 Walter son of Gilbert de Gant, in 1115, confirmed his father's charter 
 of foundation, and in 1125 added further and richer endowments to this 
 monastery. Amongst other gifts were the manor of Barton, the chiu'ch of 
 St. Peter, and the chapel of All Saints in the same town, with the view 
 of frankpledge, (a) and a right of free passage across the Humber to the 
 
 {a) View of Frankpledge. This ancient custom of the freemen of England, for the 
 preservation of the public peace, was, that every free born man at fourteen yeai's of age
 
 HTSTOKY OF BARTO^f. 39 
 
 monks of Barduey. In the year 1116 the head of this monastery, who 
 had hitherto been only prior, was made abbot by royal license. In 1266, 
 Peter de Barton, probably a native of the place, was elected abbot. In 
 1277 deposed by an unjust sentence of the bishop of Lincoln, but was 
 restored to office by the archbishop of Canterbury. He however resigned 
 the abbacy in 1280. 
 
 The charters of Walter de Gant in confirmation of his father's grant, 
 and for the restoration of the monks : — 
 
 " In the year from the Incarnation of the Lord MCXV, inspired by the 
 gi-ace of the Holy Spirit, I, Walter de Gaunt, son and heir of Gilbert de 
 Gaunt, — the charters being inspected of the donations, grants, and confirm- 
 ations of divers possessions which my father gave by intuitive charity, for 
 the increase of holy religion to God, and the monastery of St. Peter, St. 
 Paul, and St. Oswald, king, and martyr of Bardney, and the monks there 
 serving ; — piously and conscientiously ratify and confirm, &c." 
 
 Inter alia from his own patrimony. 
 
 " In Barton, my manor, with three carucates of land meadow and pas- 
 ture, the men, {hominibus) with all other their liberties in Barton, the 
 church of St. Peter with all its lands and tenths (tithes,) and the chapel of 
 All Saints (recited in these words,) three carucates of land in the territory of 
 the same town {villa,) and all belonging to them, and all the land which is in 
 the way which leads from the mill of Brunham to the town of Barton, from 
 a certain ditch without the trench (scisso,) which leads to Thornton, freely 
 and quietly, without any gainsaying (reclamatlo) from me or my heirs, and 
 free from all secular services. Also that neither I nor my heirs, nor any 
 one in our name of the aforesaid lands, or in any way belonging, or in any 
 manner may come in or enter in future. Also half of a certain place called 
 the Little Marsh, in the territory of Barton. And also the passage of the 
 Ilumber, without payment, by the abbot, his monks aforesaid, their 
 household, and their horses." 
 
 The abbot of Bardney gave three palfreys to the sovereign lord the king 
 
 (religious persons, clerks, knights, and their eldest sons excepted,) should find surety for 
 his truth towards the king and his sul)jccts, or else be kept in prison ; a certain number 
 of neighbours therefore became customarily bound one for another, to search each num 
 of his pledge, forthcoming at all times, or to answer the transgression committed by any 
 person gone away, so that whoever olfendcd, it was forthwith enquired of what pledge 
 he was, and these (they of that pledge) either brought him forth within thirty -one days, 
 to his answer, or satisfied for his offence. This was called frankpledge, and the circuit 
 decenna, because it generally consisted of ten persons. The v'lcw of frankpledye was 
 the office which tiie sherilf in his county court, or the bailiff in his hundred, performed in 
 looking to the king's peace, aud seeing that every man be in some pledge.
 
 30 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 to have confirmation of the donations of Gilbert de Gant, («) 
 
 There is also another charter in the Cotton MSS, in which Walter 
 de Gant, (5) inter alia, gives the church of St. Peter, with all its lands and 
 tenths, and the chapel of All Saints (and interlined) " which is now dedicated 
 to Mary," the free passage to the monks, their household, and horses, and 
 the tithes of the fourth of his mill at Barton. 
 
 In this charter the gift of the manor is omitted, which may be explained 
 by the following : — After repeating and confirming former grants of his 
 father and grandfather (c) " the exchange moreover which my father 
 Gilbert made to the aforesaid monks of Bardney, when the Castle was 
 built, in the same vill (d) ; this land I grant and confirm, namely, all the 
 land which is between the road which enters the town on the road near on 
 the east, and the ditch across, even to the road which leads towards 
 Thornton." The value of the abbey is already quoted, according to the 
 authorities named. 
 
 Dugdale, vol. 1, p. 1817 of the Monasticon, has the following, abstracted 
 from the augmentation office, giving the value of the rental in Barton at 
 the dissolution : — 
 
 " Comput ministrorum domini, 30 Henry 8th, Augmentation Office. 
 
 .*. 8. d. 
 
 Eent of Assize in Barton-super-Humber . ' . 9 6 
 
 Term (e) of the Lands in Barton .... 5 
 
 Ferm of the Manor and Kectory in Barton, called 
 
 Bardney Hall . . '. . . . 43 33 4 
 
 Ferm of the tythes of wool . . . . . 13 4 
 Ferm of the tenth of sheaves and grass in Barton . 12 
 
 Anterior to the dissolution of monastic institutions the vicarage of 
 Barton was appurtenant to the abbey of Bardney ; the great tithes 
 of the lordship therefore belonged to the monastery, out of which the 
 stipend of the priest who officiated at Barton was paid, and the balance 
 was applied to the maintenance of the parent establishment. As owners 
 of the great tithes, certain duties devolved upon the abbot and monks 
 of Bardney when harvest was being gathered in Barton ; and in the early 
 part of the reign of Henry the 5th, disputes arose between the monks of 
 Bardney and the freeholders of Barton, as to what those duties were ; the 
 
 (a) Rotuli Finibus, 6 Jolin, a.d. 1205. {b) See pedigree. (c) Ibib. 
 
 {d) The situation of the lands given in exchange is here described, but no allusion 
 made to the spot where the Castle stood. 
 
 {e) Ferm, an old English word, meaning rent.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 81 
 
 freeholders contending that, according to ancient custom, the monks were 
 bound to provide breakfast for 12 or 14 persons yearly, on Lammas Day, 
 who were to choose four horsemen and three footmen to keep the fields in 
 Barton, and prevent cattle destroying the corn, the abbot furnishing the 
 men with sufficient food in the parsonage house, and paying to each of 
 them 6s. 8d. and one load of peas ; and that the monks were also bound 
 to make a feast of three courses for all the freeholders once a year in har- 
 vest. The monks protested these burthens were insupportable, and the 
 contention ran so high that at length the mediation of friends of both parties 
 was sought, and an agreement afterwards, reduced into writing, dated the 
 6th February, in the 8th year of Henry 5 th, was made between the abbot 
 and monks, and the freeholders, whereby the former, on being absolved 
 from providing the feasts, covenanted to appoint and pay two horsemen 
 and three footmen to protect the fields during harvest, and to make good 
 any damage which might arise through their neglect, (a) 
 
 The dissolution of abbeys in the reign of Henry 8 th brought such an 
 influx of property to the crown as enabled that monarch to bestow it by 
 grant to many of his favourites and others by way of demise, and the 
 same was done generally in the first instance, as well as in perpetuity in 
 many cases afterwards. 
 
 The Barton manor property however, and the ferry appurtenant 
 thereto, became the subject of separate demises, and were granted on 
 beneficial leases for years, on payment of fines to the crown, and they have 
 continued so to this day, while the rectory estate and other properties 
 formerly belonging to rehgious houses have all been granted out in fee to 
 purchasers. 
 
 INTERREGNUM. 
 
 Upon the Usurpation a regular survey of the manor was made by the 
 parliamentary commissioners. It was entitled 
 
 " A survey of the manor of Barton-upon-Humber, and the rights, mem- 
 bers, and appiu-tenances thereof, lying and being in the county of Lincoln, 
 late parcel of the possessions of Charles Stewart, late king of England, 
 and by him assigned to Henrietta Maria, late queen of England, for her 
 jointure, made and taken by us whose names are hereunto subscribed, in 
 the month of October, 1649, by virtue of a commission granted upon an 
 act of the commons assembled in parliament, for the sale of the honours, 
 
 (a) From the old Town's Book of Barton.
 
 33 HISTOEY OF BAETON. 
 
 manors, and lands heretofore belonging to the late king, queen, and prince, 
 under the hands and seals of five or more of the trustees in the act named 
 and appointed, commencing with a list of quit rents as under : 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 The quit rent due to the lords of the aforesaid manor, 
 from Sir John Wray, Knt., for lauds in the parish of Win- 
 teringham, holding of the said manor in free soccage tenure, 
 according to the custom thereof, and payable at Michaelmas 
 only, is per annum . . . . . . . 10 
 
 The like rate from — Johnson, Esq., for lands within the 
 township of Ferreby, holding of the said manor in free soccage 12 
 
 The like rent due from the freeholders within the town of 
 Barton, holding of the said manor, in free soccage tenure as 
 above, per annum • . . . . . . 3 7 2 4 
 
 The late rent due from Henry Sandwith, gentleman, for 
 several parcels of land lying in Barton Fields, of the said 
 manor, by knight's service, per annum . . . . 10 2 
 
 The rents of assize due from the copyholders and customary 
 tenants of the said manor within the town of Barton by fines 
 certain, according to the custom thereof, and payable at Lady- 
 day and Martinmas . . . . . . 39 12 11 
 
 The like rent due from the copyholders and customary ten- 
 ants of the said manor within the town of Barton, holden by 
 fines certain according to the custom thereof, and payable at 
 Michaelmas only, per annum . . . . . 2 16 
 
 The rent pepper, commoyne, and spurrs, due to the lord of 
 the said manor, for several tenants within the town, are yearly 
 one pound of pepper which we value at 2s. 8d., four pounds of 
 comyn 2d. per pound, and payable at Michaelmas only, and 
 two pairs of spurrs, payable at Ladyday and Michaelmas, valued 
 at 8d. per pair, in all per annum . . . . 6 
 
 The profits of a fair yearly, kept in the town of Barton, 
 viz., on tlie Monday before Holyrood-day, with the tolls, 
 booths, and stallage of the said fair, are worth to the lord, 
 communis annis . . . . . • • • 10 
 
 The tolls and profits of a weekly market kept every Monday 
 within the town of Barton-upon-Humber, we value coram, ann. 2 12 
 
 The benefits arising to the lords of the aforesaid manor by 
 driving the commons within the boundaries thereof about
 
 HISTORY OF UARTON. 66 
 
 Michaelmas, according to the custom thereof, we value comm. 
 
 ann. ..........050 
 
 The court baron, and court leet, fines, amerciaments of 
 courts, issues, fines upon descent or alienations, waifs, strays, 
 deodands, felons' goods, goods of felons themselves, of fugitives, 
 and of condemned persons, wrecks of the sea, and all other 
 profits and perquisites within the aforesaid manor, to the 
 royalty thereof appurtaining, we estimate comm. ann. . 12 5-j 
 
 Then follows a terrier comprising a cottage called Stow's 
 Garth, on the south of High Street, in Bartou, with the ap- 
 purts, consisting of low rooms and two upper rooms, divided 
 into two tenements, with two small gardens, in the possession 
 of Uriah Hill and of Thomas Tyron, at the improved rent of 1 13 4 
 
 Then a terrier of divers old lands in the fields in the tenure 
 of Barnard Thompson, containing together 32 acres, valued at 4 15 6 
 
 Then a terrier of divers old lands in the fields in the tenure 
 of Robert Empringham, containing together 59a. 2r. valued at 8 7 4 
 
 After which the valuation is continued as follows : 
 
 All that ferry boat" commonly called Barton boat, with the 
 toUs and tribute, privileges and advantages thereunto be- 
 longing, all which privileges Sir Arthur Ingram, knt., his 
 assignee or assigns, holdeth at the yearly rent of £22, but is 
 worth upon improvement a sum over and above the said rent, 
 coram, ann. . . . . . . . . .]800 
 
 Mem. We have valued the aforesaid ferry boats but at £18 
 per annum upon improvement, besides the yearly rent of £22, 
 in consideration that the boats belonging to the ferry were 
 burnt by the common enemy ; but if there were boats, as 
 usually there hath been, it would be worth over and above the 
 yearly rent of £22 per annum . . . . . 18 
 
 The boats that usually belong to the said ferry were — one 
 great boat carrying about 24 oxen, one lesser carrying about 
 10 horses ; also a cock -boat, and these were found by the 
 lord of the manor, but the lessees were to keep them in repair. 
 
 Sir Arthur Ingram is to make out his claim to the premises 
 unto the surveyor general. 
 
 Eejrrises. 
 There is due to Edward Trippe, gentleman, for executing tlic
 
 34 HISTORY OP BARTON. 
 
 office of bailiff of the manor of Barton aforesaid, the yearly 
 
 fee of 4 6 3 
 
 There is due to William Smith, gentleman, for executing the 
 place of steward of the aforesaid manor of Barton, the yearly 
 fee of 3 6 8 
 
 Mem. There is a great court baron belonging to the said manor, to be 
 kept at any convenient place within the said town of Barton, appointed by 
 the said steward and bailiff every three weeks. 
 
 Also a court leet, kept twice in the year, viz., at Ladyday and 
 Michaelmas. 
 
 The tenants of the manor are to perform suit and service to the lord at 
 the courts aforesaid. 
 
 The copyholders pay upon descent or alienation, when they take up 
 their several lands and tenements, as a fine the value of one half year's 
 rent of assize payable for the premises. 
 
 After which is a recital of the several freeholders, copyholders, and 
 customary tenants within the manor, making a list of 86 freeholders, 
 whose rents amounted to £18 3s. 6d., and 58 copyholders, whose rents 
 amounted to £41 14s. 5d. 
 
 This survey is signed by T. Shepherd, Eobt, Kirkby, Josh. Walker, and 
 J. Cockayne ; and examined and approved by William Webb, supervisor 
 general. The following note is subjoined : " This as to form and order is 
 a most complete survey ;" and on the survey is endorsed — " 19th Novem- 
 ber, 1650. At the committee of parliament for removing obstructions in 
 the sale of the honours, manors, and lands of the late king and queen. 
 Forasmuch as this committee have this day taken into consideration the 
 petition of Arthur Ingram, knt., concerning his interest and term of years 
 yet in being in the ferry at Barton, in the county of Lincoln, and of the 
 toll, parcel of the late king's late revenues. And it appearing unto this 
 committee by the certificate of the trustees of the surveyor general for sale 
 of the said honours, &c., made in pursuance of an order of this com- 
 mittee upon the said petition, that the said surveyor of the manor of 
 Barton, in the county of Lincoln, hath returned ; that the ferry boat or 
 boats, commonly called Barton boat, with the tolls, &c., thereunto belong- 
 ing, are held by the petitioner, who had not then produced his grant to 
 them. Whereas it appears by the said certificate that the said Sir Arthur 
 Ingram did (within the time limited by the act) by his agent acquaint the 
 said surveyor general of his title to the premises (though he did not fully 
 clear the same.) And whereas it appears to the committee that the late
 
 HISTORY OF BAKTON. 35 
 
 king James by liis letters patent (now produced,) dated the 31st year of 
 his reign, did in consideration of service performed by William Smithsby, 
 gent., and for good causes and considerations, give and grant unto the 
 said Wm. Smithsby — 
 
 All that passage of the water of Humber, and the toll of the market, 
 thei'e called the water of Ilumber, with all the profits and appurts to the 
 said passage and toll, belonging, parcel of the manor of Barton afore- 
 said. And all the profits of the ferry of the same passage and toll of the 
 same market, for and during the term of one and thirty years, commenc- 
 ing from the time of the death of one Bridget Godfrey, or from the time 
 wherein an estate and interest of and in the premises granted to Cyprian 
 Godfrey, gent., Eichard Godfrey, son of the said Cyprian Godfrey, and to 
 the said Bridget, wife of the said Cyprian, for their three lives succes- 
 sively, by the late Queen Elizabeth, by the letters patent under the 
 great seal of England, bearing date the 9th day of December, in the 44th 
 year of her reign, should by surrender, forfeiture, or otherwise happen to 
 be void, for and under the yearly rent of twenty-two pounds. And whereas 
 it appears unto this committee that the whole estate and interest and 
 term of years of the said Wm. Smithsby in and to the premises came by 
 mesne conveyance upon valuable considerations unto Sir Arthur Ingram, 
 knt., of the city of York, deceased ; who being possessed thereof made 
 the said Sir Arthur Ingram, (the petitioner) his executor, by means 
 whereof, and other appurts in law, the remainder and residue of the 
 said term of 31 years in the premises is devolved, and come unto the said 
 Sir Arthur Ingram, the petitioner. And whereas oath hath been made that 
 this Bridget Godfrey died about two years since. It is the opinion of this 
 committee that there ought to be allowed unto the said Sir Arthur Ingram, 
 the petitioner, all estate and interest in and to the premises during the 
 remainder of the said terra of one and thirty years, granted as aforesaid by 
 said letters patent and reprises thereof, to be made to the purchaser of the 
 said ferry boats or boat, with the tolls of the market there, according to 
 his purchase of the same. And thereupon order that the contractors for 
 the sale of the honours, &c., be hereby desired to ascertain tlie said re- 
 prises, and tlie same so ascertained, to allow default unto the said 
 purchaser out of such purchase-money as he is to pay into the treasury of 
 the said manor and premises ; and the trustees of the sale of the said 
 lands, or any three of them, and the surveyor-general, are hereby desired 
 to allow and enter upon tlie survey of the said manor, the said interest or 
 term accordingly. Signed, William Say, Jo, Bourchier, Jo. Goodwyn,
 
 36 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 Nath. Plallowe, Wm. AUonson. Entered the 27th Nov, 1650. Will. 
 Webb." 
 
 Having thus described the survey, it may probably be owing to the cir- 
 camstance, as there stated, of its being devised in reversion, that the ferry 
 at the time of the survey was not sold, and probably the same reason may 
 have operated to have kept together the manor and other crown property 
 in Barton and its neighbourhood, which are still possessed by the crown. 
 In the times alluded to it was no uncommon thing for the sovereign to 
 raise money on these estates by grants in reversion; two or three parties 
 together, at times, waiting their turn for possession. The manor, and other 
 crown property in Barton, has been regularly demised from time to time to 
 ladies and others, for years, or lives, on payment of fines, and the practice of 
 leasing is still continued in regard to the properties, but at a rack rent ; 
 the crown property at Barton is now under lease to George Charles 
 Uppleby, Esq., excepting the ferry, which, as before stated, is the subject 
 of a separate demise. 
 
 From the foregoing survey it appears that at the peiiod of its compila- 
 tion there were as many as 86 freeholders and 58 copyholders paying quit 
 rents to the crown, but whether they comprised the whole number of the 
 proprietors does not appear to be noted. At the time of the enclosure in 
 1793, there were 137 proprietors who made claim of property under 
 the act exclusive of the crown. 
 
 As the copyhold tenure of the manor is of a peculiar nature, it is sub- 
 joined, being extracted from the old Town's Book, as it is called : — 
 
 Customs of the Manor of Barton, regarding copyholders there, as stated 
 in the time of Sir William Pelham the elder, being steward of the manor. 
 " Manor of Barton. In the name of God, amen. The Lord God give 
 us grace to do all things that we take in hand, to the honour of God, and 
 the preservation of all good and ancient customs for the common good of 
 this our town of Barton. 
 
 This book was made a.d. 1676 by the advice, consent, and general 
 concordance and mutual agreement of the grand jury of the town and 
 manor of Barton aforesaid, and also the best of the freeholders, copy- 
 holders, and residents of the said town and manor, and also confirmed by 
 the present high steward of the said manor, upon mature deliberation and 
 diligent review of an ancient town book belonging to the same town and 
 manor, bearing date the first day of May, a.d. 1600, which said ancient 
 book was by the consent of the then grand jury, collected and gathered 
 I'rom another ancient book, which was by misfortune lost or burnt by the
 
 HISTORY OF BAKTON. 
 
 37 
 
 casualty of fire, which 
 town and manor, whose 
 
 Nicholas Harland 
 Edward Tripp 
 James Hnllewell 
 Christopher ^Vailis 
 Roger Rand 
 Robert Thompson 
 Hugh Bossell 
 Thomas King 
 Edward Nelthorpe 
 John Green 
 John Hall, jun. 
 John Patrick 
 John Howe 
 Henry Burrill 
 
 was thus received by the grand jury of the said 
 names are here inserted : — 
 
 Robert Bm'giss 
 Thomas Tripp 
 Richard Thompson 
 Robert Todd 
 Edward Mason 
 Thomas Tripp 
 Henry Eerus 
 Thomas Arnold 
 Edward Gelder 
 John Wilie 
 
 Leonard Empringham 
 John Proctor 
 Ralph Signe 
 William Dobson 
 
 John Hall, sen. 
 Henry Ferris 
 Thomas Teanby 
 William Empringham 
 Thomas Fairweather 
 Thomas Hall 
 Thomas FeiTis 
 Thomas Robinson 
 Anthony Empringham 
 John Fairweather 
 John Kenington 
 William Reynold 
 
 Customs attached to the Copyhold Lands. 
 
 Imprimis. That all the copyhold lands and tenements of the said 
 manor are, and time out of mind have been, demised and demiseable by 
 copy of court roll for the term of four score years. 
 
 Item. That every copyholder may at his pleasure surrender his copy- 
 hold lands and tenements to the use of any person or persons for the like 
 term, or devise the same by his will, and he or they to whose use such 
 surrender or devise is made thereupon to be admitted as tenants accord- 
 ingly, paying a fine, which said fine is half of the queen's yearly rent 
 issuing out of the same. 
 
 Item. That in case any tenant die not disposing of his copyhold as 
 aforesaid, then, upon the death of any tenant so dying, the tenements so 
 held by copy ought to descend to the heir of such copyholder, if he 
 have any, as other copyholds of inheritance do, and if he have no heir, 
 then to his executors. 
 
 Item. That such heir or executor, after his death, is to pay a new fine, 
 and have a new copy granted for other fourscore years. 
 
 Item. That for default of heir and executor, a copy shall be granted 
 to the administrator of the goods of the copyholder dying intestate rather 
 than escheat. 
 
 Item. That no act of the copyholder shall forfeit his estate but denial
 
 38 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 of the rents or service, or voluntary waste, outlawry, or attainder in 
 felony, &c., which in that case to forfeit none but his own estate. 
 
 Item. That if a woman be tenant by copy, either by descent from 
 her ancestor, or by her own purchase, and take a husband, or else any 
 copyholder do surrender to the use of himself, and of any woman whom 
 he taketh to wife. That such estate settled on the wife cannot be granted 
 away by the surrender, or any other sole act of the husband during the 
 coverture between them ; neither can the wife in that time part with 
 her estate unless the husband and she join in a surrender, and the wife be 
 examined. 
 
 It may not be necessary to enter into questions that have occasionally 
 arisen in descents under the customs of this manor, the peculiarities of 
 which are not easily understood by those who are strangers to the princi- 
 ple upon which they are founded, yet one question has been raised, and 
 to avoid altercation, the practice has prevailed and continued for so long 
 a period as almost to create a custom. 
 
 It has been objected that a joint tenancy cannot be created, and there 
 is no instance of any such on the rolls by surrender, but under present- 
 ment of wills there are instances on the rolls, where two persons, trustees, 
 have been admitted jointly for the term of eighty years in the same way 
 as a single person is usually admitted, and although such course appears to 
 have been disputed, it never came to a decision before any of the superior 
 courts ; and to avoid the question in case of demise to two or more trus- 
 tees, it has been the practice to admit one of the trustees only for the 
 customary term under the trusts of the will. 
 
 From the preceding pages it will appear that the office of the bailiff of 
 the manor, and the chief steward, were two distinct appointments. 
 
 In the year 1641 Henry Lord Holland (a) by virtue of his public ap- 
 pointment, held the office of chief steward of the manor of Barton, and 
 Sir William Pelham and others no doubt held it in the same way, but in 
 modern leases from the crown the stewardship of the manor is specifically 
 demised Avith the lands, and the present lessee, as his predecessoi's in the 
 leasehold were, is the steward of the courts, being named in the court rolls 
 deputy steward, which office may be the same as was formerly denominated 
 the /iiuff's bailiff" of the manor. 
 
 (a) Temp. Eliz.abeth. Henry Earl of Holland, chief justice in Eyre, of all the king's 
 ists, chases, parks, and warrens (oitra Trent,) and steward of all the queen's courts. 
 
 forests 
 
 &c. Cro. car. 575.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 39 
 
 THE BARTON FERRY. 
 
 The Barton Feny, as appurtenant to tlie manor, is valued in Domesday 
 at 40s. The parties who managed the feny even at this early period were 
 accused of taking more toll than they were entitled to, the exactions being 
 beyond the customary dues which had been paid in the time of Edward 
 .the Confessor, a period which then appeared to be the standard of correct 
 arrangement. 
 
 In the 9th year of Edward 1st a charter (a) was granted by the crown 
 for a ferry from the town of Hull to the county of Lincoln and back ; the 
 grant is in general terms, and does not even name any port in Lincoln- 
 shire where it could be said to be confined. The passage fees were how- 
 ever fixed for every foot passenger at an obolus (1 fiu'thing,) for every 
 horse one penny, and every cart with two horses 2d., and with 3 horses 
 3d., and with four horses 4d. In a treasury minute of the 45th Edward 
 1st (m. 19,) it states the manner in which the feny should be supplied, to 
 the following purport — " One great boat witli three men aud cogboat 
 belonging, and also one small boat with two men every market day, to 
 serve either to Hessle or to Hull as occasion shall require, every person 
 paying one penny, every quarter of hard corn 2d., every quarter of malt 
 Id., one horse and man 6d., deals by the score 4d., nothing to be paid 
 under a horse load ; the boat or boats to return the next tide if weather 
 serve, and not to take in strangers from Hull on the market day to the 
 prejudice of the said inhabitants. Two or more of the boatmen to live at 
 Barton. No boat to land on the green shore but in case of necessity. 
 Also, upon request, neither boat to be denied to Hessle, paying the an- 
 cient fare, for every boat 5d., and gift money Id. No boat to lie at the 
 horse staith landing, aud also to land all passengers without paying any 
 more than the customary due. 
 
 8 Edwd. 2, A.D. 1314-15. — In the reign of Edward 2nd, complaints 
 appear to have again aiisen. (5) " A petition from the commonalty of 
 England in consequence of the injustice of an exaction made on men 
 passing beyond the river of Humber, twice as much being taken from them 
 as had been accustomed." 
 
 The answer. " It is ordered by writ of our lord the king that they shall 
 not on the passage on both sides the Humber permit toll to be taken for 
 
 (fl) Abr. Rot. Orig. 9 Edward 1st, 1281, Ro. IG. 
 (*) Abr. Rot. Orig. Rot. rarl., vol. 1, p. 319.
 
 40 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 horse or foot passing the waters of the llumber more than has been 
 accustomed to be taken." 
 
 A second petition of the same year and date in Norman- French, the 
 former one being in hxtin, has this answer : " It is commanded by writ of 
 the lord the king that on the passage aforesaid on both sides the Humber 
 they shall take or permit to be taken for horse or foot on passing the water 
 of Humber, for a horseman one penny, for a footman one halfpenny." 
 
 In the ninth year of the same reign, Kobert de Sandal being custos or 
 warden of the town, the king, at the request of the burgesses of Kingston- 
 upon-Hidl, and after inquisition made, was pleased to found a passage or 
 ferry to and from Barton-upon-Humber, to bring and carry over men, 
 horses, beasts, &c., belonging to the said towns, and for the advantage of 
 travellers ; and gave the proiit thereof to the wardens and burgesses, their 
 heirs and successors for ever ; every single man to pay one halfpenny ; 
 every horseman one penny ; every cart, going over with two horses, two- 
 pence, &c. This grant was made at Lincoln the 28th day of August, in 
 the aforesaid year. 
 
 The next document in the order of time is an application to the court 
 of chancery relative to the injury sustained by the son and heir of Richard 
 Earl of Arundel and Eleanor his ward of chancery, dated 45 Edwd. 3rd., 
 A.D. 1371,— 
 
 " The king to the sheriif of Lincoln sendeth greeting. Whereas by the en- 
 quiry of Thomas de Kendall, knt.. and Walter de Kelby Cateby, made at the 
 command and returned into the court of chancerv, it has been found that 
 Eichard Earl of Arundel, and Eleanor his wife, hold and possess a certain 
 ferry over the river Humber, at Barton-upon-Humber, and the profits of 
 the said ferry as the dowry of the said Eleanor, the reversion of the ferry 
 being in the son and heir of Henry de Beaumont, a minor, and under our 
 guardianship ; and that they and other the lords of the town of Barton 
 by memorable custom for time out of mind have had and used to have the 
 ferry and the profits thereof, and that no other did formerly use to have 
 any other ferry over the said river between the bounds of Radcliffe and 
 Twygrayn, except that of Barrow haven, within the aforesaid bounds, 
 there is and always was a ferry for the tenants and inhabitants of the vil- 
 lage of Barrow, for passing themselves, their goods, and merchandize over 
 the said river, or for carrying anywhere else at their pleasure, and bring- 
 ing thither their own proper goods without paying any toll or custom to 
 the lords of Barton. And that one Thomas Crispin has lately, viz., from 
 the day of the ascension of our Lord in the 43rd year of our reign at the
 
 HISTORY OF BAKTON. 41 
 
 village of Barrow, in the manor of tlie abbot of Thornton, within the 
 aforesaid bounds, set up a certain ferry over the said river, and has re- 
 ceived, and does yet receive the profits of the said ferry, viz., for the 
 passage of a man and horse over the said river 2d., and for a man alone 
 sometimes a halfpenny, and sometimes a penny, and very many other 
 profits, and that the said Thomas has by these means received of 
 the profits of the ferry 10 marks, from the time of the setting up 
 of the ferry, to the great hurt, damage, and prejudice of the said 
 Earl and Eleanor, and to the disinheriting of the aforesaid John, 
 a minor and our ward, and that the said Thomas does draw away several 
 persons with their horses and other goods, who designed to pass over the 
 feny of Barton from the said ferry, and bring them to the said ferry of 
 Barrow, and that the said Earl and Eleanor do lose the greatest part 
 of the profits of the ferry of Barton, viz., ten marks. Therefore the said 
 Earl and Eleanor did petition us, as well for themselves as in behalf of 
 the said heir a minor, and our ward, for a proper remedy, and we did by 
 our mandate to you, enjoin and command that you should summon the 
 aforesaid Thomas Crispin, and the aforesaid abbot of Thornton, to appear 
 before us in our court of chancery, upon the octaves of St. John the Bap- 
 tist then next coming, wheresover it should be kept, to shew if he had any 
 reason why the said ferry over the said river at Barrow, lately set up to 
 the injury of the said ferry at Barton, should not be removed and put 
 down, and why they should not pass over the said ferry at the said town 
 of Barton, as anciently they used to do, and receive further what our court 
 should decree in that matter, and you have returned to us that you have 
 summoned the aforesaid Thomas Crispin and the abbot that they should 
 appear in our court of chancery the aforesaid day, to do and receive 
 according to justice in the premises, on which day the aforesaid abbot and 
 Thomas being solemnly called in our court of chancery did not appear, 
 and then with the assent of our justices of both benches, it was decreed 
 that the aforesaid ferry so set up at Barrow over the river Humber, in tlic 
 manor of that abbot, within the aforesaid bounds, should be wholly removed 
 and put down, and we command you that you cause the said ferry so set 
 up in the manor of the said abbot, to be wholly removed and put down 
 according to the aforesaid decree. Witness the king at Westminster, the 
 20th day of July, 45th Edwd. 3rd. 
 
 22nd January, 1656. — A lease was made for 11 years between the 
 mayor and corporation of Hull, and Thoinas Bambrougli, of the " South 
 Fcrrv," at a rent of £11.
 
 43 
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 As tlie survey of the manor of Barton-upon-Humber, made by the par- 
 liamentary commissioners during the usurpation, is given, the particulars 
 of the ferry subsequent to that document are added. 
 
 On the 29th of October, 1778, by letters patent from the crown, the 
 Barton ferry Avas granted to Frances Pelham and Mary Pelham, of 
 Whitehall, spinsters, on payment of a fine of £80, and a reserved rent 
 of £22 2s., for a reversionary term of years from the 21st of March, 1792, 
 the period of the expiration of a former lease granted to them. In this 
 grant the ferry is described nearly in the same words as noted in the 
 manorial survey of Cromwell's time. 
 
 In the year 1792 the Misses Pelham disposed of their terra in the ferry, 
 to George Uppleby, Esq., of Barrow. 
 
 In 1796 Mr. Uppleby sold his interest in the Barton ferry for £2920 
 to William Osborn, Esq., on behalf of the corporation of Hull, Avho there- 
 upon became proprietors of both the Hull and Barton ferries, which soon 
 exhibited the effects of monopoly. 
 
 After the then existing lease of the Barton ferry fell into the hands of 
 the Hull corporation, they let it to the Barton coach proprietors from 
 year to year, A great event occurred soon after, which effected a complete 
 revolution in the passage of the Humber — the introduction of steam. 
 The subsequent contentions which arose between the lessees and the public 
 may be found narrated in the various newspapers and pamphlets of the day. 
 
 181.5. — Lease by the crown to the mayor and burgesses of Hull. 
 
 1st July, 1821. — From the mayor, &c., to Messrs. Thos. Boyce and Co., 
 proprietors of coaches between Hull and London, for 12^ years, rent 
 £800, from Hull to Barton, and from Barton to Hull and Hessle. 
 
 August 12th, 1835. — The Barton Ferry Company, consisting of thir- 
 teen individuals, representing thirty-eight shares of £50 each. 
 
 September 30th, 1837. — The company was dissolved, and Mr. Walkden 
 became the purchaser of the steamboats, &c., at £2600, and owner of the 
 ferries. 
 
 3rd April, 1840. — Mr. Thos. Walkden died, and the ferries devolved to 
 his daughter, Miss Ann Walkden. She made an incomplete sale to Mr. 
 Thos. Clapson, but the ferry legally was hers until she became a bankrupt 
 in 1851. A great number of gentleman, compassionating her misfortune, 
 raised by subscription £814, which they invested in the purchase of a 
 government annuity of £60 for her life. 
 
 After Miss Walkden's bankruptcy the assignees worked the ferry until 
 the affairs were wound up ; then the North-Eastern Railway Company
 
 HISTORY OF BAUTON. 43 
 
 became the owners of the ferry, and they were succeeded iu 1856 by 
 Messrs. Hill, Stamp, and Drust, the present proprietors. 
 
 In l-i64, king Edward the 4th crossed the water from Barton to Hull, 
 being then engaged in the disputes with his competitor Henry. 
 
 In 1312 the rent paid for this ferry was 6s. 8d. ; in 1320 it was 40s. ; 
 in ]356 it was 53s. 4d. ; and in 1832 it was £800. 
 
 Barton ferry is distant from Hull 5 miles 216 yards; from Barrow ferry 
 1 mile 1650 yards. 
 
 THE F-IMILY OF TYEWHITTS. (a) 
 
 This family, styled by Camden in his Britannia, " the honourable and 
 ancient house of Tyrwhitt, knts.," has been seated in the north of England 
 for several centuries. It may not be uninteresting, in this place, to go 
 back in the history of this family to Sir Kobert Tyrwhitt, of Kettleby, par- 
 ticularly as it relates to some curious extracts from " Cotton's Records," 
 in connection with Barton and the immediate neighbourhood. 
 
 Sir Robert Tyrwhitt, knt., of Kettleby, was one of the judges of the court 
 of king's bench, in the reigns of Henry 4th, 5th, and 6th, and is named 
 among the "Tireurs des Petcions" to parliament, either for England, or 
 Gascony and Acquitane, for every parliament between 9 Henry 4th and 
 7 Henry 6th. That the boldness of the feudal chief, however, strongly 
 predominated in the character of the learned functionary over the meekness 
 of the christian judge, appears too evident by the following extract. "13 
 Henry 4th, William Lord Rosse, of Famlake, complaynith much against 
 Robert Tirwhitt, one of the justices of the king's bench, for withholding 
 from him the manor of Melton Rosse in Lincolnshire, and laying wait for 
 the sayd Lord Rosse with the number of 500 men. Sir Robert Tirwhitt 
 before the kynge confessith his fault, and cravith pardon, and offeringe to 
 stand to by order of two lords of the kindred of the sayd Lord Rosse as 
 they should choose, whereunto the kynge agreed, and the sayd Lord Rosse 
 
 (a) The first person of the name of whom there is any certain account is a Sir 
 Hercules. Himself or his sou bearing the same name married a daughter of Sir Thomas 
 Scargill, knt., and was living a.d. IIO'J, 10 Henry 1st. This Sir Hercules is stated to 
 have thus acquired the name of Tijrwhit. Severely wounded in defending a bridge, 
 single-handed, against numerous assailants, at the moment he had succeeded iu forcing 
 them to retire, fell, exhausted amongst the Hags and rushes of an adjoining swamp, 
 when the attention of his party, which iu the meantime had rallied, was fortunately 
 directed to the spot where he lay by a flock of lajnoinga, (called in some counties 
 ti/rwhits) screaming and hovering above, as is customary with those birds wlicn disturbed 
 in the vicinity of their nests.
 
 44 HISTORY or BARTON. 
 
 chose tlie archbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Grey, chamberlyane to 
 the kynge, who made a longe award, leaving the right of common of pas- 
 tm-e in Wrawby, in com. Line, to the determination of Sir William 
 Gascoigne, chief justice. It was enjoigned to the said Sir Robert 
 Tirwhit, that at a day certaine he shod repair at Melton Eosse, 2 tunnes 
 of Gascoigne wyne, 2 fatt oxen, and 12 fatt sheepes, and offer reparation. 
 And that he should bring together all knights, esquires, and yeomen, that 
 were of his own, and that they shod all confess their fault, and crave 
 pardon, and further offer to the sayde Lord Eosse 500 marks in money, 
 and that the sayd Lord Eosse should refuse the money, graunt him par- 
 don, and take his dinner only." The whole of the proceedings in this 
 matter, from the commencement by the petition of William Lord Eosse, to 
 the award of the arbitrators above mentioned, are recorded at ffreat length 
 in the rolls of parliament, 13 Henry 4th. The details are very curious, 
 and throw much light on the manners of that day. The award is an object 
 of particular interest to the philological antiquary, as being almost the 
 earliest specimen on record of English as a written language. 
 
 The feud between the families of Eosse (or Eoos) and Tyrwhitt continued 
 np to the time of James I., who on the occasion of several lives being lost 
 on both sides in a casual renconter during a hunting party, caused a gal- 
 lows to be erected at Melton Eoss, near Wrawby, declaring that he would 
 hang the first offender on it. This gallows, whenever it has fallen into 
 decay, has been renewed from time to time up to the present day, Sir 
 Eobert had issue 
 
 Sir William Tyrwhitt, his heir, from Avhom descended 
 
 Sir Eobert Tyrwhitt, knt. of Kettleby, grantee of Cameringham and 
 Stainfield, at which latter place he built the mansion bearing that name, 
 long the residence of the Stainfield branch of the Tyrwhitts, its first 
 baronets. This gentleman, vice-admiral of England, and a banneret, was 
 seneschal of the priory of Newstead, as also of ElshaiTi, and bailiff of Bar- 
 ton-on-Humber, 26 Henry 8th. He married Maud, daughter of Sir 
 Eobert Tailboys, of Goulton, and had issue, Sir William his heir, Sir 
 Eobert of Leightou Broomswould, in Herts ; and Philip of Barton-on- 
 Humber, who married the daughter and coheir of Edward Burnaby, Esq., 
 of Barton, and from this alliance sprang the Tyrwhitts of Stainfield, 
 b<aronets (so created 29th June, 1611,) which family is now extinct, but 
 the estates have passed by will to the Drakes of Shardeloes, and are now 
 enjoyed by the present Thomas Tyrwhitt Drake, Esq. 
 
 Part of Tyrwhitt hall, or house, the former residence of the Barton branch
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 45 
 
 of the family is still remaining, situated on the east side of St. Peter's 
 church. In one of the rooms the oak panelling still remains, and the ceiling 
 is in good preservation. In a window cf this room is some old stained 
 glass, probably representing an apostle writing, and the temple of Jeru- 
 salem in the background — date 1609 ; there is also an adjoining building 
 supposed to have been used as a chapel. On the woodwork is an appear- 
 ance of carving 
 
 '»■ 
 
 THE UPPLEBY EAMILY. 
 
 The name of Uppleby, with some slight variations in the orthography, 
 has existed in the north of Lincolnshire for several centuries : Thomas de 
 Epulbie being amongst the witnesses to a grant of property in Barton- 
 upon-Humber in the thirteenth century ; and it is met with as Uppledaie 
 and Applebic, which latter is supposed to be the original, the present 
 family bearing on their shield six martlets, as noticed in Edmonson to be 
 the arms of the Applebys of Leicestershire and Staffordshire. 
 
 It may not be necessary here to commence earlier than with 
 
 John Uppleby, Esq., of Wootton, J. P. for Lindsey, married first in 
 1731 Mary Field, by whom he had one son John, and two daughters, 
 Elizabeth who died young, and Mary who married Martin Robinson. 
 He married secondly in 1745, Dorothy second daughter of George Crowle, 
 Esq., of Fryston, Yorkshire, and Eleanor his wife, second daughter of 
 William Crowle, Esq., of Springhead and Kingston-upon-IIull, and by this 
 lady had issue, 
 
 George, of Barrow, J.P. for Lindsey, who married Sarah, only daughter 
 and heiress of Charles Robinson, Esq., of Beverley, and Bridget his wife, 
 only daughter and heiress of William Gildas, Esq., of Barton-upon- 
 Ilumber, owner of the impropriate rectory. 
 
 Roger who died S.P. in 1780. 
 
 William, vicar of Barton, who married first a daughter of — Midgcly, 
 of Beverley, and had issue William who died abroad, and John Gilby 
 Uppleby of Leeds. He afterwards married Mary Moody, of Barton. 
 
 Elizabeth married first Abel Smith, Esq., brother of the late Lord 
 Carrington, and secondly Robert Ranisden, Esq., of Carlton, Notts. 
 
 Eleanor married John Lambert, Esq., of Hull. 
 
 John Uppleby, Esq., of Wootton, after his second marriage took up 
 his residence at Barrow, leaving Wootton to his eldest son John, who
 
 46 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 married first his cousin Hannah Bentley, by whom he had John, his heir ; 
 and secondly Elizabeth Atkinson, of Barton, by whom he had (besides 
 other children, who died young.) 
 
 George, of Kingston-upon-Hull, afterwards of Bonby, who married 
 Eliza Fowler of Scarborough, and had issue John, of Scarborough, recently 
 deceased ; Wilbani, of Bonby ; Field, captain in the East York Militia ; 
 and several other children. 
 
 Hannah, , who married William Graburn, Esq., of Kingsforth, Barton, 
 who died in 1826. His widow died in 1851. 
 
 The eldest son, John Uppleby, Esq., J. P. for Lindsey, and D. L. 
 married Kitty, only surviving daughter and heiress of Roger Leadbetter, 
 Esq., of Glanford Brigg, and died in 1839. His wife died in 1838. 
 They had issue 
 
 Leadbetter, J. P. for Lindsey, who married in 1847 Eliza Roberta, 
 daughter of Sir Robert Barrie and JuKa his wife, daughter of Sir John 
 Ingilby of Ripley Castle, Yorks., and has several children. 
 
 John, who died S. P. in 1838, 
 
 Harriett, who married John George Stapylton Smith, Esq., of Melton 
 Wood, barrister at law, now judge of the county court of Lincolnshire. 
 
 Patricia, 
 
 Mary, who married her cousin Robert Scrivener Graburn, Esq., of 
 Walton, in the county of Somerset. 
 
 George Uppleby, the son of the first-named John Uppleby, had issue by 
 Sarah his wife. 
 
 Charles, late of Barrow Hall, who died 14th September, 1853, S. P. 
 
 George, vicar of Barton, married Mary daughter of William Fox, Esq , 
 of Manchester, and died 9th N^overaber, 1852, he had issue George 
 Charles Uppleby, Esq., of the Inner Temple, barrister-at-law, and J. P. 
 for Lindsey, who married Emily, daughter of the Rev. Charles Worsley, 
 of Bratoft, and has issue Charles, May, and Lelia Frances, He succeeded 
 on the death of his uncle, Charles Uppleby, to estates at Barton, Barrow, 
 and other places ; and now resides at Barrow Hall. Mary Emma, who 
 married the Rev. Richard Eddie. Lucy Sarah, Avho married Captain 
 Edward Ottley WoUaston ; and Julia Abigail, who married the Rev. 
 George Wm. Holt, the present vicar of Barton. 
 
 Sarah, who married the Rev. John Holt, vicar of Wrawby, 
 
 Dorothy, who married Robert Marriott, Esq., of Barton, J. P. for 
 Lindsey, who died in 1841.
 
 HISTORY OF BAKTON. 4? 
 
 Eliza, who married the Kev. John Salmon, of Manchester, and died in 
 1841. 
 
 Lucy, who married the Rev. William Fox, of Girsby, county of Lincoln, 
 and Stalham Lodge, county of Chester, and died in 1845. 
 
 Arms — Az, six martlets, or, on a chef, arg., three bucks' heads cabossed, 
 crest a buck's head, ppr. collared. Motto, " Metuo secundis." 
 
 The Tripps and Longs were old families, residing in Barton, and date 
 as far back as^l572. William Long, of Barton, Gentlemen, married Mary 
 Trippe, daughter of John Trippe, of Hull, merchant, about 1667. The 
 issue of this marriage was three daughters : 
 
 Elizabeth married Marmaduke Nelson, who died in 1714, 
 
 Mary died single, and 
 
 Frances married Henry Hildyard Esq., of Goxhill, 1706, by whom she 
 had Christopher who married Elizabeth Empringham ; and William, 
 of Grimsby, who mamed Frances daughter of the Rev. J. Wicher, 
 rector of Scotter. 
 
 Helen, daughter of Marmaduke Nelson, Esq., married James Graburn, 
 Esq., of Beverley, from whom descended the family of the Graburns, so 
 long resident in Barton. 
 
 THE RECTORY. 
 
 The origin of parishes is justly accounted one of the opprobia of English 
 topography, too local and obscure to be recorded in the general histories 
 of the times, and too ancient for the most part to be preserved in any 
 episcopal registers now extant. The distinction of parishes, nay even of 
 mother churches, existed as early as the laws of Edgar about the year 970. 
 Before that time the payment of tithes was in general arbitrary ; that 
 is, every man paid his own, to what church or parish he pleased, but this 
 being liable to be attended with either fraud, or at least caprice, in the 
 personsjpaying, and with either jealousies or mean compliances in such as 
 were competitors for receiving the same ; it was ordered by the laws of 
 king Edgar that '■^ dentur omnes decima primarm eccleske ad quam parocliia 
 pertinet." However, if any thane or great lord had a church within his 
 own demesnes, distinct'from the mother church in the nature of a private 
 chapel, arid then provided such church had a cemetery or consecrated 
 place of burial belonging to it, he might allot one third of his tithes for 
 the maintenance of the officiating minister ; but if it had no cemeteiy, the
 
 48 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 thane himself must have maintained his chaplain by some other means, 
 for in such case all his tithes were ordained to be paid to the primatiie 
 ecclesi(B, or mother church. This proves that the kingdom was generally 
 divided into parishes, which division perhaps did not take place at once, 
 but by degrees; for it seems nearly certain that the boundaries of parishes 
 were originally co-extensive with and determined by those of a manor or 
 manors, since it very seldom happens that a manor extends over 
 more parishes than one, though there are many manors in one parish. 
 The lords, as Christianity spread itself, began to build churches upon their 
 own demesnes or wastes, to accommodate their tenants in one or two ad- 
 joining lordships ; and in order to have divine service regularly performed 
 therein, obliged all their tenants to appropriate their tithes to the mainten- 
 ance of the one officiating minister, instead of leaving them at liberty to 
 distribute them among the clergy of the diocese in general. The tract of 
 land, the tithes whereof were so appropriated, formed a distinct parish, 
 which will well enough account for the frequent intermixture of parishes 
 one with another. For if a lord had a parcel of land detached from the 
 main of his estate, but not sufficient to form a parish of itself, it was 
 natural for him to endow his newly-erected church with the tithes of his 
 disjointed lands, especially if no church was then built in any of the ad- 
 joining lordships. 
 
 In Domesday survey it is said there was not only a church, but a priest, 
 at Barton, and from the several grants to the abbey of Bardney, it will be 
 seen the church property of Bai-ton became vested in that establishment, 
 and continued until it came into the hands of the crown at the dissolu- 
 tion of religious houses. 
 
 By letters patent, dated 27th January, 35 Elizabeth, 1592, "The 
 rectory and the chui'ch of Barton-upon-Humber to the late dissolved mon- 
 astery of Bardney belonging, (together with the manor and rectory of 
 Barrow, late belonging to the abbey of Thornton,) was granted to Roger 
 Manners, Esq., for the lives of Henry Manners, Thomas Manners, and 
 Gilbert Manners, the sons of Sir Thomas Manners, knt., deceased, and 
 for the life of the survivor of them, under the reserved yearly rent of 
 £39 13s. 4d." And afterwards, by letters patent, dated the 18th day of 
 May, in the 7th James 1, 1610, the rectory and church of Barton, with the 
 advowson of the vicarage, was granted in fee simple to Francis Phelips 
 iuid Richard Moore, of London, gentlemen, and to their assigns (with 
 other property included in the said grant,) under a rent reserved to the 
 crown of £47 13s. 4d., and from that period to the present the rectory
 
 HISTORY OF liARTOX. 49 
 
 lias been improjjrlated, and the same is now vested iu Geo. Chas. Uppleby, 
 Esq. At the time of the enclosure in 1796 the impropriator, exclusive of 
 his private property, and in addition to his rectorial mansion and 
 ancient enclosures, had an allotment of 66a. 1r. 4p. made to him 
 from the open fields, in compensation for his glebe lands ; and several 
 allotments by stipulation on the eastern side of the lordship, making to- 
 gether nine hundred acres, as a compensation for the reclorial tithes. 
 Considering the magnitude of the church property in Barton, it may not 
 be improper to allude to the opinion of Bishop "j'anner, who in bis preface 
 to the Notitla, seriously expresses his lamentations at the very great loss 
 which the church sustained by the hasty dissolution and granting away 
 of religious houses, inasmuch as no adequate attention was then paid to 
 the providing proper performance of divine offices in such churches 
 as had been attached to monasteries, the want of which, in many 
 parishes, is felt even in the present day, as well by the ministers 
 as the parishioners, and may well be considered a scandal to tlie 
 reformation. 
 
 6th February, 1677. By indenture of this date, William Turner of 
 Barton, (afterwards Sir William Turner, knight,) in consideration of 
 £1500, demised unto George Eavenscroft, Eobert Urwyn, and Joseph 
 Avis, of London, the rectory of Barton, together with the capital messuage 
 and globe lands thereto belonging, and the tithes of corn, grain, and hay, 
 in llorkstow and Dynion's Dale, late parcel of the possessions of the late 
 monastery of Bardney, for 500 years, subject to redemption on repayment 
 of the J61500. This mortgage was good upon the face of it, but uufor- 
 tunat'::ly it came to the knowledge of Cresswell Levins, attorney general in 
 the reign of Charles the second, that the money thereby secured was in 
 trust for William Byfleete, a popish priest ; and as the laws were tlien 
 very stringent against Boraan catholics, the attorney-general filed a bill in 
 the court of exchequer, in hilary term, 1683, setting forth the said inden- 
 ture, and that it was made to Eavenscroft, Urwyn, and Avis, in trust foi- 
 the said William Byfleete, who was a popish priest, on which account, or, 
 that the money was for some other superstitious and unlawful use, and 
 ought to belong to his majesty as being forfeited to him. Process was 
 accordingly issued against Eavenscroft, Urwyn, and Avis, to answer the 
 information; and on the 28th of June the cause was heard before the 
 court of exchequer, which decreed that Urwyn and Avis (Eavenscroft hav- 
 ing died in the meantime) should assign their interest in the said rectory 
 and premises to Thomas Hall and Hugh Frankland, in trust for his
 
 50 HISTORY OF BAETON. 
 
 majesty, and that upon payment of £1500, and interest thereon, to the 
 king, they should re-convey the rectory and premises to Turner, or as he 
 should appoint. 
 
 On the 31st of December, Turner (Hall and Frankland being parties) 
 executed a mortgage of the said rectory and premises to Sir Eobert 
 Dash wood, Samuel Dashwood, John Pery, and Edward Noell, for J2862 ; 
 out of which sum the king received the forfeited £1500, and also 
 £441 5s. for interest. It is not known whether the loss caused by putting 
 in force this iniquitous law fell upon Turner or Byfleete. 
 
 Sir Wm. Turner succeeded to the rectory of Barton on the death of his 
 father Philip Turner, who probably succeeded Phelips and Moore, grantees 
 in 1610. In 1690, Sir Wm. Turner sold the rectory to Peter Acherley 
 of Stanwardine, Gent., in trust for Judith Cox, of Barton, widow, who 
 manied Wm. Gilder, of Barton, Gent., who subsequently assumed the 
 name of Gildas. In 1738 William Gildas died, leaving William Gildas, 
 his eldest son and heir at law, who in 1777, settled the rectory to uses for 
 the benefit of his granddaughter Sarah Hobinson, afterwards the wife of 
 Geo. Uppleby, grandfather of G. C. Uppleby, Esq., the present owner. 
 
 THE VICARAGE. 
 
 The extent of property granted to religious houses, as in the case of 
 Bardney abbey, made it incumbent on such abbey to appoint a proper person 
 to perform divine service in the church of the parish where the property 
 was situate, and the ministers so appointed were styled Vicai'S. 
 
 At the dissolution it became incumbent on the rectorial impropriator to 
 make permanent provision for the officiating minister, and hence arose 
 the foundation of vicarages, but even this mode of remunerating the 
 working clergy became so tardy, and unequal to their deserts, that it 
 occasioned laxity and indift'erence in them, and at last called for interfer- 
 ence. There is an ancient record in the registry of the bishop of Lincoln, 
 containing a return of the state of the vicarage of Barton, as early as a.d. 
 1209, and stating that the vicar was to have an assistant chaplain asso- 
 ciated with him in the duties of the ^jarish. 
 
 The following is the appointment of a vicar to the church of Barton by 
 the abbot and monks of Bardney : 
 
 "To all the faithful in Christ, &c. Randolph de Halton, chaplain, 
 greeting. Know all men that you hold of the abbot and monks of Bardney 
 the vicaraf/e of the church of Barton, namely, the altarage, with their
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 51 
 
 tippurtenances, saving to tliem the tythes of sheaves and hay, as well in 
 tofts as in the open fields ; saving to them all tenths and all tythes of fairs 
 and mills, llendering annually to the aforesaid abbot, &c., in the name of 
 pension four marks of silver, at the two terms, viz., at the middle of 
 Easter and at the middle of the feast of St. INIichael. Randolph having the 
 episcopal?, and synodals, and saving all things faithfully of the abbey in 
 perpetuity, and faithfully paying the aforesaid pension at the appointed 
 terms on his corporal oath in the chapter of Bardney. In witness whereof, 
 &c., these being witnesses." 
 
 In the 3rd year of Edward 3, the king committed to his beloved cousin, 
 Henry de Bello-monte, the custody of the temporalities of the abbey of 
 Bardney, in the king's hands, for certain causes then existing, to hold 
 during the king's pleasure. («) 
 
 There are two terriers relating to the vicarage of Barton in the registry 
 of Lincoln. The first states as follows : — 
 
 " Barton-super-Humber. — " A true terre of all things belonging to the 
 vicarage of Barton-on-IIumber, made by us whose names are subscribed, 
 A.D. 1622, 
 
 Imprimis. One mansion house consisting of fourc roomcs, chambered 
 above, and covered with thatch or straw. 
 
 Item. Two barnes. 
 
 Item. One little stable. 
 
 Item. One little close, containing by estimation half an acre of ground, 
 wherein is planted an orchard and a little garden. 
 
 Item. Two churchyards, together with commons due for a toft in the 
 marshes or territories of Barton-upon-Humber. 
 
 Item. AU tiie tythe wool and lambe in the said parish. 
 
 Item. All tythes, oblations, and emohanents, in the said pari^li, tythe 
 bees, honey, and wax, (corn and have only excepted.) 
 
 Edward Frippi Michael Page, vicar, ibm. Robert Thompson, Tliomas 
 Trippe, Leonard Empringham. 
 
 John Harrison, ") 
 
 i''8 mark >• Churchwardcns of Saint Peter. 
 
 Thos. X English, ) 
 
 Henry Ferrebe, ) 
 
 n „ T> { Churclnvardcns of Saint Marye's." 
 
 beorge Browne, ) •' 
 
 (if) Hot"// Hi'ndrcdori'm.
 
 52 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 The second is without date as to the year, but is subsequent to the one 
 given, and contains the following : 
 
 " A terrier of all the lands belonging to the vicarage of St. Marie's, in 
 Barton, and tythes belonging to the vicar, taken by us 28th day of 
 August, whose names are hereunto subscribed. 
 
 Imprimis. The scite of the vicarage, containing by estimation one acre 
 of ground. The vicarage house was burnt down in the year 1642. 
 
 Item. That every score of wether sheep should at Easter pay Is. 8d., 
 and every score of ewes and lambs Is. 6d. 
 
 Item. For wool the tenth pound ; and for lambs, the tenth, or the 
 worth of it. 
 
 Item. ]\Iorts from ]\Iartinmas to Candlemas, for eveiy skin -|d., and 
 after Candlemas, for every skin 3d. 
 
 Item. If one have six lambs the vicar is to have one of them, and to give 
 the owner 4d., and if but four lambs the owner to give the vicar 4d. 
 
 Item. If one have six pigs the vicar is to have one and to give the 
 owner 2d., and if but four the owner is to give the vicar 2d. 
 
 Item. Every hen, turkey, and duck, at Easter to pay two eggs, and if 
 one have ten chickens the vicar is to have one of them. 
 
 Item. The vicar is to have the tenth swann of bees, the tenth pound 
 of honey, and the tenth pound of wax, or the tenth penny what the wax 
 is sold for. 
 
 Item. Every new beard cow pays the vicar 3d., and every strop milk 
 cow pays the vicar id. 
 
 Item. That every dovecoat pay 2s., that everj' malthouse pay 3s. 
 
 Item. That every mylnc (mill) pays 2s. 
 
 Item. The tenths of all fruits and roots, hemp and lyne. 
 
 Item. That every communicant pays 2s., for every house for smoke Id. 
 
 Thomas Wilson, Curate, ibd. 
 Richard Hodson x his mark, 
 
 T , T, , . 1 r Churchwardens. 
 
 John Fatncke, ) 
 
 John ^Valker >( his mark. Sidesman. 
 
 An idea prevailed, at one time, probably suggested by the latter terrier, 
 that the church of St. Mary was entitled to a separate incumbent, and the 
 right of the presentation there was claimed by Mr. Crowle as lessee to the 
 crown, on behalf of his friend Mr. Kirke ; while J\lr. Gildas, the impro- 
 pi'iator, supported his right to present Mr. Willan, and convincing his 
 opponents of their error, Mr. ^Villan was in the cud regularly inducted
 
 X 
 
 o 
 
 K 
 
 I 
 o 
 
 to 
 
 > 
 
 < 

 
 HISTORY OF BAKTON. 53 
 
 to the vicarage witliout reference to any distinction regarding St. Mary's, 
 the same having become vacant by the death of Mr. Gelder. 
 
 Jolm Sanderson, Esq., a legal gentleman, in a letter dated from the 
 Blue Boar, Holbourne, 23rd June, 1752, says, "that when at Lincoln I 
 met with a record in the registry there, which fully proved St. 
 Mai-y's to be only a chapel of ease to the mother church in Barton ; and 
 at Bugden I found copies, awards, and entries, that have fully convinced 
 Mr. Crowle and his agents that they would have no chance in a trial at 
 law, whereiipon they withdrew the plea of Mr, Kirk, and I have now 
 signed judgment against the bishop." 
 
 By the enclosure act, in 1793, an annual corn rent, variable according 
 to the price of wheat every ten years, Avas secured to the vicar of Barton, 
 upon allotments amounting to 260 acres of land, awarded by the com- 
 missioners under the act, to George Uppleby, Marmaduke Nelson Graburu, 
 and William Graburn. In 1818, the value of this corn rent rose to 
 £302 7s. 4id.; in 1848 it fell to £200 19s. 9d. The commissioners also 
 awarded to the vicar about 4 acres in lieu of ancient glebe land; in 
 addition, the vicar is entitled to a tithe-rent from ancient enclosures 
 amounting to £28 16s. 9d. per annum, and also to surplice fees. Accord- 
 ing to the return of the commissioners, presented to both houses of par- 
 liament in 1835, the value of the living, subject to deductions for stipends 
 paid to curates, and other causes, amounted to £250 per annum. 
 
 THE CHUECHES. 
 
 Prior to that great event the Norman invasion, and Gilbert de Gaut 
 taking possession of his vast grants, the Danes, in ] 069, had made one of 
 their most heavy irruptions up the Humber, and laid the whole country 
 waste on both sides of that river. 
 
 Tradition states that hotli churches were laid prostrate in this wide- 
 spread devastation, and that the inhabitants rebuilt their chapel of St. 
 Mary, as it was then called, to supply the place of St. Peter's church, 
 then laid in ruins. Probably no other instance can be found in a town 
 of corresponding size of two spacious churches in such close proximity to 
 each other. 
 
 After tlie accession of Edward the second, and in the first year of 
 his reign, on the extinction of the family of De Gant, the manor of Barton 
 was granted to Henry de Beaumont, who restored the parish church of 
 Barlon, and thus Barton became possessed of I wo so-called parish eliurches,
 
 54 HISTOKY OF BARTON. 
 
 while the whole endowment remained with the old parish chiu'ch of St. 
 Peter, and St. Mary's has nothing now to support it but the good-will of 
 the inhabitants. For the purpose of repairs the town was divided into 
 two parts, the part north of High street or Burgate taking the support of 
 St. Mary's, and the south part of the town that of St. Peter's. Separate 
 rates having been established for this purpose, they created in the course 
 of time the name of separate parishes, and under the magistracy this 
 division has been so long acted upon that it would be now difficult to 
 correct the error. 
 
 St. Peter's. 
 
 The Fabric. In describing these structures, which are usually the 
 first objects of attraction to strangers, the following introduction, as alluding 
 to them generally, is taken from the latest edition of Rickman's "Architec- 
 ture in England. " It may be necessary" he says, " to state, that though 
 many writers speak of Saxon buildings, those Avhich they describe 
 as such are either known to be Norman, or are so like them that there 
 is no real distinction. But it is most likely that in some obscure 
 country churches some real Saxon work may exist ; hitherto, however, 
 none has been ascertained to be of so great an age," and referring to St. 
 Peter's tower, he continues " this is a short thick tower, with very thick 
 walls, originally of three stages ; the two lower of which are ornamented 
 by perpendicular stripes of stone projecting from the face of the wall, and 
 near the top of each stage breaking into arches : the lower set of arches 
 semicircular, the perpendicular lines springing from a stone set in the 
 arch ; the second set are on the top of straight-lined arches, and run up to a 
 flat string or tablet, on which is the third plain stage, with only two small 
 arches, (if so they may be called.) as in the second stage. On the top of these 
 three stages is one evidently Norman, having a regular double Norman win- 
 dow in it, with a shaft and capital in the middle ; this stage being clearly 
 Norman it is evident the sub-structure must be of an earlier date; and in the 
 second stage of the lower part is also a double window with round arches, 
 and divided by something (evidently original, for there are two) exactly 
 resembling a rude balustre. All this arrangement is so different from 
 Norman work, that there seems a probability it may be real Saxon ; and 
 it should be noted that the other or ')iew church, (St. Mary's) stands within 
 150 yards of the old church, and is principally a Norman building, with 
 an early English tower, and a chancel of the same date, and a very early
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 55 
 
 decorated east window, which of course renders it necessary to go back to 
 the Conquest at least for the date of the old one. This always goes by the 
 name of the "old church;" and the other church, is called St. Mary's, or 
 the " new church." 
 
 " Now no part of the new chm-ch is much later than a.d. 1300, and, 
 except the tower, no part of the old church is so old as the year 1300 : 
 thus referring to the tower as the ancient part of the old church — of 
 course as old as Norman, and from the circumstance of the belfry story 
 above the ancient tower being Norman, and certainly not late Norman, it 
 gives prima facie evidence of greater antiquity to the tower ; and this 
 evidence, and the complete difterence from the Norman in this tower, first 
 attracted my attention, and led me to look for similar ones in other parts 
 of the kingdom. 
 
 "This tower has the long and short quoin and rib stones, with the 
 balustre window, for what appears to be the original belfry story, before 
 the addition of the Norman belfry. These rib and quoin stones project, 
 are filled in with rough rubble walling, and plastered. There is one door 
 with a round arch, and one straight ; the walls of the tower are thick, and 
 there is no appearance of any staircase having ever existed. The church 
 is mostly of decorated character. I consider this tower the most pure speci- 
 men of the long and short work, and particularly deserving of a visit from 
 those who wish to see this stylo fully exemplified ; and the Norman belfry 
 is valuable from at once limiting the date of the tower to an early period." 
 
 The church consists of a nave, north and south aisles, north and south 
 porches, a chancel, a vestry, tower at the west end, just described, and a 
 small building extending westward from the tower. This building 
 lias every characteristic of Saxon architecture, long and short work 
 at the angles, and windows splayed externally and internally ; but the use 
 Avhich it was intended to serve is not easy to decide. It is evident that it 
 never has been any larger than it is at present. It is however difficult to 
 suppose that this imposing tower can have had such a disproportionately 
 small nave ; for, in fact, it is considerably less than the tower. Bu.t, 
 at the same time, the low position of a window in the east wall of 
 the tower, which may be seen in the bellchamber, proves that the Saxon 
 chancel (or whatever building stood to the east of the tower) was 
 very low, and therefore probably small in dimensions. It is not im- 
 probable, therefore, that this may be the original Saxon nave, although it 
 greatly violates the present notion respecting the proportions of nave and
 
 56 HISTORY Of BAKTON. 
 
 tower. («) The south porch and south aisles are of early decorated or 
 geometrical character, and were probably built by Lord Beaumont in the 
 time of Edward II. The capitals of the piers have the dogtooth mould- 
 ing. The windows at the ends of the aisle are perpendicular insertions. 
 An image bracket shows that there was anciently an altar at the east end 
 of this aisle. The south aisle is late decorated, of the period of Edward 
 III. The windows are alternately round and square-headed, but all have 
 excellent flowing tracery. The capitals of the two eastward piers have very 
 good foliage of the decorated character, but the capitals of the rest are 
 singularly ungraceful. The east window of this aisle is especially worthy of 
 notice from having in the centre mullion a figure of our Lord on the cross, 
 on his left St. John, and on the right his virgin mother, all in high relief. 
 There is a mutilated piscina near this window, but enough remains to 
 shew that it had a very richly crocketed canopy over it, tlie finial of 
 Avhich still remains. The piscina indicates that there was an altar there, 
 as at the end of the south aisle. The chancel is perpendicular, and 
 probably of the fifteenth century, and the east window has a low four- 
 centred arch which shews it to be late in the style. 
 
 In this window are two figures in stained glass, which have probably been 
 removed from an older window. One represents a crusader, and the other 
 a pilgrim, (see engravings.) Tradition assigns both to Lord Beaumont, (b) 
 A red cross on a white field emblazoned on the breast of the surcoat of 
 the knight shows that it represents a crusader and " a red cross knight," 
 in his right hand he holds a spear, and in his left a sword with the point 
 downwards. The other figure is habited as a pilgrim, having a large 
 shadowy hat with a scallop shell in front, shewing that he was a palmer, 
 and had crossed the seas ; a scrip or wallet is suspended by a strap 
 passing over his left shoulder ; in his right hand is a staif or bourdon which 
 is unusually short, and in his left hand is a book ; the feet are bare. 
 
 («) It has been conjectured that it w as the baptistery, but the circumstance of its not 
 having; an outer doorway, whilst there are two iu the tower, is a strong objection to this 
 supposition ; baptism has always been administered in or near the entrance of the church. 
 Another theory is that this was part of a ver// early church, which was reverently spared 
 when the present tower was erected. The rude style of windows, as seen within, com- 
 pared with those of the tower, gives support to this conjecture ; and if tlie reins were 
 given to fancy, it might be said that this formed part of the chapel of an cedicula, or 
 cell connected with St. Chad's monastery at Barrow, which would readily account for 
 the names of " St. Chad's pond," and " St. Chad's walk," in the inunediate vicinity of 
 the churchyard. Such cells were frequent appendages of the early monasteries. 
 
 (b) Mr. Fowler, of Winterton, called the figure in aimour William, and the pilgrim 
 Henry Lord Beaumont.
 
 CO 
 CO
 
 HISTORY or BARTON. 57 
 
 The style of the armour depicted in the window is that of the time of 
 Edward II., when plate armour was gradually superseding the more cum- 
 brous chain mail; and the heater-shaped shield is also characteristic of the 
 same period. So far therefore the tradition that the figures represent Lord 
 Beaumont in the two-fold character of a warrior and a pilgrim has some 
 support. It is however not improbable that the one in armour represents 
 St. George, the patron saint of England ; and the other St. James 
 the Great. St. George is always represented with a red cross on a white 
 field, as here ; and which has obtained the name of St. George's cross : 
 and St. James the Great has uniformly the costume of a pilgrim. The 
 two helmets, or rather morions, the breast piece and back pieces, kept in 
 the vestry, but formerly preserved in St. Mary's tower, are also said tra- 
 ditionally to have been brought by Lord Beaumont from Jerusalem. This 
 however does not require any refutation : a glance will show that they are 
 not older than the time of Queen Elizabeth, and perhaps not earlier than 
 the civil wars. 
 
 In the "History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester," by J. 
 Nicholls, F.S.A., there is a lengthened pedigree of tiie Beaumont family, 
 and he states the memory of the alliances of the family was thus pre- 
 seiTcd in the church of Barton-upon-Humber — 
 
 " Rex Hierosolimus cum Bello-monte locatur, 
 Bellus Mons etiam Boghau consociatur, 
 Bellus Mous itcrum Langicostro religatur, 
 Bellus Mons Oxonite titulatur." 
 
 To explain the meaning of these words, relative to the long and honor- 
 able descent of the BeUo-monte family, the following extracts may not be 
 unacceptable : — 
 
 The name Bello-monte is derived from a city of the same name in France, 
 The heir female of this seignoury, named Agnes, marrying Lewis, second 
 son of Charles, king of Jei'usakm and Sicily, younger lu'other of Lewis 
 IX., king of France, brought him that inheritance, and the issue of the 
 marriage assumed the name of Beaumont. 
 
 Henry, the fourth son in the descent, possessed in right of his wife, one of 
 the heirs of Alexander, Earl of Boghan, constable of Scotland, a consider- 
 able estate in that kingdom, and ultimately bore the title. 
 
 John Lord Beaumont, a knight of the garter, and constable of England, 
 having served in the French and Scotch wars, had summons to parliament 
 in 131.3, in which year he died, leaving issue by his wife Eleanor, fifth 
 daughter of Henry, Earl of Laucasler, grandson of Ileury III., his 
 only son,
 
 58 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 Henry Lord Beaumont, who inherited the estates and honors, 
 was born beyond the seas, naturalized in parliament 25th Edward 
 III., and had summons as a baron from 36th to 46th Edward III. ; he 
 man-ied Margaret, daughter of John de Vei'e, Earl of Oxford, and died 
 in 1413, leaving issue John, son and heir. 
 
 Beside the altar rails is an old slab bearing the name of Cole, a former 
 vicar ; and near it is another to the memory of a civilian and his wife. 
 The font is a modern basin. The north porch is of the same date as 
 the aisle to which it is attached, and of very plain character. Under the 
 gallery are tvro rude, and probably very ancient, wooden figures in relief 
 representing musicians playing on wind instruments of some kind, (a) 
 
 In the south aisle is a floor stone, upon which was once engraved, on a 
 brass plate, the figure of a man in armour, but only the feet remain. The 
 inscription is in latin : " Here lies Robert Barnetby, of Barton, Esq., who 
 died 31st day of the month of September, 1440. May God be merciful 
 to his soul." Near the railing of the chancel is another stone, on which 
 is a brass plate recording in latin, " Here lies William Garton, of Barton, 
 who died 3rd day of July, 1505. May God be merciful to his soul." On 
 one is a brass plate, inscribed to the memory of Edward Trippe, yeoman, 
 who died 10th February, 1619. A somewhat singular upright monument 
 against the north wall commemorates the death of Jane, the wife of John 
 Shipsey, rector of Saxby, dated May 19th, 1696. Another inscription is to 
 Anthony Empringham, yeoman, dated May 10th, 1698. 
 
 Many of the pews are of very ancient construction, the oaken doors 
 having gothic windows well carved thereon. 
 
 The earliest entry in the Register book is in 1566. Under May 19th, 
 1593, is written "Hoc anno et circa Jioc anni tempus fuit macjna pedis et 
 pestilenlia gravis et contagiosa hoc ingrassans opjndum.'' It must indeed 
 have been a dreadful pestilence, for during that year the number of burials 
 amounted to 235, in the year following they were only 33. 
 
 The stained window in memory of Mr. Marriott, was put up in 1843; 
 that in memory of the Rev. George Uppleby, late vicar, in March, 1856. 
 
 The Organ, in memory of the late Richard Eddie, Esq., was erected 
 in March, 1856, by W. H. Eddie, Esq., and the Rev. R. Eddie. 
 
 Facing the south porch is a fragment of the ancient churchyard cross. 
 
 («) The order of the fraternity of minstrels is a very ancient one, and existed in 
 many places. There are minstrels on the capital of the first arch on the north side of 
 the nave in St, Mary's church, Beverley. It is called the minstrel'^ pillar.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 59 
 
 The height of the tower is 57 feet. The oklest of the six bells 
 therein is dated 1666 ; the sixth bell has this inscription — ■ 
 
 " Our souiidiug is, each man to call 
 To serve the Lord, both great and small." 
 
 Length of the church 78 ft. 4 in., breadth 63 ft. 8 in. Length of the 
 chancel 43 ft. 8 in., breadth 25 ft. 5 in. The tower is 18 feet square. 
 
 The Clock, presented by the late Miss Tombleson, was placed in the 
 tower in November, 1852. It cost £120. 
 
 St. Mary. 
 
 The Fabric has a western tower, nave, north and south aisles, south porch, 
 chancel, a south aisle to the chancel called St. James' aisle, and a vestry. 
 
 The tower is early English, and a very good example of that style. 
 Its date is probably a.d. 1200, but the parapet and pinnacles appear later. 
 The south porch is also early English, as are also the piers of the south 
 aisle : they consist of octagonal pillars surrounded by detached shafts, 
 which are banded in the middle. The windows of this aisle are geometric, 
 and look poor from the circles in the heads having no cusps. The piers of 
 the north aisle, the oldest portions of the church, are transition Norman, 
 and show the commencement of the pointed arch, in the 12th century. 
 The windows are lancet : but some perpendicular ones have been inserted, 
 which are great eyesores. In this aisle is a slab commemorating Jacob 
 Wymyrke, chaplain to John de Lynewode, merchant. The east win- 
 dow of the chancel has geometric tracery, and is of the time of Edward I 
 or II. The windows of the south w^all of the chancel are a little earlier, 
 consisting of two light lancets, with the heads pierced ; thus showing an 
 a])proach to tracery, and forming an intermediate link between the single 
 lancets of the north aisle, and the geometric tracery of the great cast win- 
 dow and those of the south aisle. In the window is a rude representation in 
 stained glass, of our Lord crowned, and hanging on the cross, which 
 appears to be of late date. Within the rails is the old stone altar with its 
 five crosses, let into the floor, disused at the reformation. St. James' aisle 
 is decorated, of the time of Edward III ; and has three very mean sedilia. 
 It was for a long time used as a school-room. 
 
 In the exterior face of the south wall of the church, near the division 
 between the south aisle of the nave and St. James' aisle, is a small window, 
 now blocked up, containing flowing tracery. These low windows are not 
 at all unfrequent, but the mystery which hangs over their use is not satis-
 
 60 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 factorily cleared up. Of the numerous conjectures that have been made, 
 the most probable appears to be that they were to enable anchorites and 
 lepers to Avitness the celebration of mass, and receive the eucharist. 
 
 There was formerly a room over the south porch, called the Jury room, 
 from being used by the jury and parish officers to meet in. 
 
 In the middle of the floor of the chancel is a large blue slab, on which 
 is a remarkably fine brass, representing the effigy of a man in a gown, or 
 flowing robes, standing with his feet on two butts or tuns, with a scroll 
 issuing from his mouth. At the foiu- corners of the stone are the evangel- 
 istic symbols ; and round the edge of it, on a plate of brass, is the following 
 translated inscription, (the original being in latin — see engraving :) " In 
 the grace and mercy of God. Here lies Simon Seman, formerly citizen, 
 and vintner, and alderman of London, {a) who died the 10th day of the 
 month of August, a.d. 1433 ; on whose soul, and all the faithful departed, 
 may God have mercy." Within the inscription, near the corners, is his 
 mark, similar to other merchants' marks of the period. On the scroll, " I 
 believe that my Eedeemer liveth, and in the last day shall rise again, and in 
 my flesh I shall see God." 
 
 Near the above is a common stone, around the edge of which is this 
 inscription, (translated :) " Here lies Pdchard Harbod, formerly parochial 
 chaplain of this place, who died 10th day of May, a.d. 1470." Another 
 inscription is in memory of William Cannon, date 1401. 
 
 The earliest entry in the Eegister is 1570. 
 
 In 1816, and two following years, divine service was not performed 
 in this church, in consequence of the roof of the nave being in 
 such a precarious state, that people dared not sit under it. The church 
 was re-roofed and re-pewed, and services were resumed in 1819. The 
 expenditure was upwards of £1200. 
 
 The Organ, in this church, was erected by subscription, at a cost of 
 £200, and opened in July, 1856. It was built by Messrs. I'orster and 
 Andrews, of Hull ; who also built the one in St. Peter's. 
 
 The Gas fittings were fixed in October, 1852. There are 32 burners, 
 and the work altogether cost £53 10s. 
 
 The height of the tower is 74 feet. The oldest of the four bells was 
 cast in ] 666 j the second bell has this inscription — 
 
 " My roaring loud doth warning give. 
 That men cannot always live." 
 
 («) In the 3rd year of Henry 6th, 1425, John Michael was mayor, and Simon 
 Seman and John Bywater were sheriiFs of London.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 61 
 
 The third bell has this inscription — ■ 
 
 " All men that hear my monruful sound, 
 Eepent before you lye in ground." 
 
 Length of the church 73 ft. 6 in., breadth 69 ft. Length of the chancel 
 53 ft. 6 in., breadth 20 ft. The tower is 24 ft. 9 in. by 21 ft. 7 in. 
 
 Both churches, especially St. Peter's, have been rich in brasses, but 
 they are nearly all torn away, the only perfect one remaining being that 
 of Simon Seraan. 
 
 The churchyards were closed, by an order in council, in 1855. The 
 government inspector, who visited them previous to the order being issued, 
 was of opinion that St. Peter's churchyard had been used as a place of 
 sepulture for 800 years. 
 
 In 1850 the new burial ground, consisting of 3 roods and 39 perches 
 of land, (part of " Football Close ") was purchased of William Graburn, 
 Esq. It was consecrated in 1851. 
 
 The same communion plate is now used in both churches. The silver 
 flagon is dated 1754, and the silver waiter 1764. About fifty years ago, 
 each church had its own communion plate, but the parishioners of St. 
 Peter's having sent theirs to a silversmith to be cleaned, borrowed that 
 belonging to St. Mary's, and while in their possession, it was stolen out 
 of St. Peter's church. 
 
 The Chantry. On the north side of St. Mary's is Avhat is called the 
 Chantry, {a) part of which is built of stone, and the other part of brick. 
 It is thus mentioned in one of the ancient ecclesiastical books stiU preserv- 
 ed at Lincoln. " John Neysum, presbyter, &c., presented by R. Caudry, 
 archdeacon of Lincoln, to the chantry of St. Thomas the Martyr, in the 
 chapel of St. Mary, at Barton-upon-Humber, on the resignation of Sir 
 Robert Scote, late chaplain of the same, in the hands of the bishop of 
 Lincoln, and was admitted to the same at Bugden, it being vacant a.d. 
 1444, and became perpetual chaplain according, to the form of the found- 
 ation of the said chantry, appointed canonically, &c." In 170] , Christopher 
 Benton settled this messuage for an habitation for poor people for ever. 
 
 Vicars. 
 1593 Leonard Warden 3 641 WiUiam Ransou 
 
 1529 William Duffield 1611 Michael Page 
 
 {n) " A chantry was commonly a small place in a church, or adjoining to a church, 
 in which was a separate altar, where prayers were ofl'ered ibr the soul of the person who 
 had left an endowment for the maintenance of a chantry priest." — Thompson's History 
 of Swine.
 
 63 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 1650 
 
 Gilbert Pepper 
 
 1761 
 
 T. Lely 
 
 1689 
 
 Nicholson Brown 
 
 1762 
 
 Thomas Jackson 
 
 1705 
 
 Ealph Tunstal 
 
 1786 
 
 William Uppleby 
 
 1714 
 
 John Gelder 
 
 1834 
 
 George Uppleby 
 
 1754 
 
 Thomas WiUan 
 
 1850 
 
 George Wm. Holt 
 
 L9 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 18 
 
 5f 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 In Valor Ecclesiasticm, 20th Henry, 1529, {a) the vicarage of Barton 
 is thus valued : William Duffield, vicar. B. s. d. 
 
 Value in oblations, and other issues of the same vicarage 
 accraing, 2s. allowed to him for synodals and procurations 
 of the archdeacon, paid annually . . . 2 13 4 
 
 In like manner also to him for certain pensions, annually 
 issuing out of the same vicarage to the monastery of Barduey 19 
 
 Whereof rep. 
 Chantry. John Brown, chaplain. 
 Value in rents and ferms to the said chantry 
 
 "UTiereof rep. 
 Eichard Watson, cantarist. 
 Value in rents and ferms belonging to the same 
 
 Whereof rep. 
 
 BEAUMONTCOTE. 
 
 At a distance of three miles from the town, but in the lordship of Barton, 
 is an old plantation of stunted elms, marking the site of Beaumontcote, 
 and which, according to tradition, was planted for the guidance of travel- 
 lers on their way over the wold. An ancient camp is said at one time to 
 have existed here in the form of a square, each side measuring in length 
 about twenty-five yards. The following extracts from authentic documents 
 and letters are given seriatim, as conveying some interesting particulars 
 respecting this place : — 
 
 In a release, dated 19th March, 1699, from Henry duke of Norfolk to 
 Francis Negus and John Corbett, it is called " All that manor of Beau- 
 mond-flfee alias Beaumont-fee, with the lands, warrens, sheep walks, 8:c., 
 lying in Dudmandale, in the parish of Barton." On 9th March, 1715, 
 it was leased by the above parties to Wm. Long, of Barton. 
 
 («) The report of an ecclesiastical survey, made in pursuance of an act of parlia- 
 ment 25tli Henry VIII., and returned into his majesty's court of first fruits, for 
 ascertaining the yearly value of the possessions, manors, lands, tenements, and heredita- 
 ments, &c., appertaining to any monastery, priory, parsonage, clim-ch, vicarage, free 
 chapel, &c., in this realm. By this valor the clergy are rated. The above is extracted 
 from vol. 4, p. 69.
 
 HISTORY OF BAKTON. 68 
 
 Thomas Newsome, in a letter to William Nelson, date 21st July, 1739, 
 says " upon searching in ye tower, I have found a grant of the manor of 
 Barton-upon-Humber, in Edward 2nd's time, to Henry de Bello-monte, 
 from whom no doubt the manor of Beaumont's-fee has its name. I also 
 found a grant of the same reign, of free warren within his manor of 
 Barton-upon-Humber. I have also searched in the rolls, but cannot find 
 anything of the manor of Beaumont's-fee there ; but in my search I found 
 that Dudmandale, near Barton, was formerly parcel of the possessions of 
 the monastery of Kuiford, and was, amongst other things, (29 Henry 8,) 
 granted by the king to George, earl of Shrewsbury." 
 
 In another letter dated 24th July, he says "In searching the augmentation 
 office, I can find no more than that a grange called Dudmandale, 
 also, that Barton, with the lands, &c. thereunto belonging, were parcel of the 
 monastery of Kuiford, and at the dissolution thereof in lease to Sir Thomas 
 Tyrwhit. I also looked over the survey taken at the time of thie usurpa- 
 tion, but the manor of Beaumont-fee is not mentioned." 
 
 At the bottom of this letter is the following mem : " When Gilbert de 
 Gant, earl of Lincoln, founded the abbey of Kuflford, he no doubt gave to 
 it Dudmandale farai ; and the sheep pasture adjoining was part of Lord 
 Beaumont's estate. The first came into possession of the crown on the 
 dissolution of monasteries, and the latter on the death of Lord Beaumont, 
 his heir-at-law Lord Lovell having been attainted and unable to inherit. 
 The abbey of Thornton appears to have had a rent charge of 13s. 4d. out 
 of Beaumoncote, which came into possession of the owner of Burnham, 
 with other property late parcel of the abbey of Thornton. " 
 
 In 1761 Mr. Lely, vicar of Barton, claimed tithe for the sheep- 
 walk, and libelled in the spiritual court for the same against Wressle and 
 others, tenants thereof. 
 
 Thomas Newsome, in a letter to Christopher Nelson, Esq., 6tli 
 January, 1761, mentions having found in the accounts of the possessions 
 of the college of Thornton, record of the sheep walk called Beaumond, and 
 he hopes it will appear to have been formerly parcel of the possessions of 
 the abbey of Thornton, and consequently capable of being discliargcd from 
 all tithe by the statute 31 Henry VIII. Thornton abbey being one of 
 the larger abbeys dissolved by that act, its possessions would be exempt 
 from the payment of tithes. 
 
 In a letter addressed to Anthony Dempster, Esq., Mr. Wm. Long, 
 of Barton, remarks, " I've sheepwalke called Dudmondale walke, for- 
 merly a warren, but not known in memory, yet old borrows are discernible
 
 64 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 and easily opened, with little charge. If you have time, copy what con- 
 cerns the said warren, or our town, worth observing." 
 
 The Mr. Long who requested these researches to be made in the 
 tower, was a mercer of Barton, a justice of the peace, and the gentleman 
 named in the charities. He had three daughters, one of whom married 
 into the HUdyard family. Her husband became possessed, in her right, 
 of considerable property in the vicinity of Barton. (See pedigree.) 
 
 THE NELTHORPE FAMILY 
 
 Was connected with Barton for nearly two hundred years. In 1620, 
 Elizabeth Chapman, of St. Edmondsbury, widow, sold the property now 
 called "Barton House," but then designated "Bayes' Garth," with twelve 
 oxgangs and four acres of land, to Eichard Nelthorpe, gentleman, of 
 Glanford Briggs, for £700. He also possessed other property here, called 
 " Winthorpe's farm." His youngest son, John, was created a baronet in 
 1660, and died in 1699. Being unmarried, he arranged for the reversion 
 of the title to his favourite nephew, Goddard, son of his elder brother 
 Edward, who resided here in 1670, and died in 1685. 
 
 James Nelthorpe, cousin of the first baronet, succeeded Sir John Hot- 
 ham, after his execution, as member of parliament for Beverley. He was 
 appointed one of the judges of the unfortunate Charles the 1st, but he 
 erased his name from the warrant, declaring that he would not embrue his 
 hands in the blood of his sovereign. 
 
 Sir Goddard Nelthorpe resided here in 1700, and was interred in St. 
 Peter's church, in July, 1733. Contemporary with Sir Goddard, was 
 Eichard Nelthorpe, a collateral branch of the family, who was implicated 
 in Monmouth's rebellion, and being tried for treason was condemned to 
 death by that sanguinary monster, Jeffries, who it is said would have 
 spared him for a bribe of £10,000 ; but Eichard Nelthorpe magnanimously 
 refused to save his life bv divesting his children of their fortunes. 
 
 In 1721, Sir Montague Nelthorpe resided here. In 1732, the 
 " George Inu," then known by the sign of the " Queen's head," 
 became the property of Sir Henry Nelthorpe, on the surrender of Wm. 
 Gildas, Esq. Sir Henry was succeeded by his son, Sii" John, who 
 occasionally resided here up to 1792, when he sold the whole of his 
 Barton estates to the late Wm. Graburn, Esq., of Kingsforth. Sir John 
 was buried in St. Peter's church, in 1799.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 65 
 
 The Moot Hall. — The name is derived from the Saxon word gemot, 
 signifying a court, as burgemotc, folckraote, &c. Its scite is now occupied 
 by the " Queen Inn," in the Butchery, which is called in old deeds " the 
 Moot Hall." Here the Saxon courts were held for the manor or district, 
 previous to the establishment of the more modern court leet of the manor, 
 which is annually held under the crown, for admitting copyholders, and 
 appointing three market keepers, two coal meters, a pindar, and a bailiif. 
 Constables, swineherds, neatherds, and ale tasters were formerly appointed. 
 The power to appoint constables was abrogated in 1842 ; and swineherds, 
 neatherds, and ale tasters have long since been numbered with the things 
 that were. A court baron was also formerly held every three weeks, for 
 the recovery of debts under £2, which was discontinued in 1807, on the 
 establishment of a monthly court of requests for the recovery of debts not 
 exceeding dG5, and which also in its turn gave way to the county court in 
 1847. The town is under the jurisdiction of the Lindsey magistrates, who 
 hold petty sessions every fortnight. 
 
 The two Water Mills, noted in Domesday, are supposed to relate to 
 the one burnt down, which formerly stood in the beck stream, and that 
 which stood at the other end of the town, near the haven. The latter has 
 long ago been dismantled, and converted into the house now occupied by 
 Mr. Barraclough. Ealph Signc, by will dated 6 th December, 1644, gave 
 to the poor of Barton for ever this mill, whicli was known and used as the 
 "town's water mill." It was disused in 1826, in consequence of the 
 proprietors of land in the Ings and West Acridge sustaining injury by 
 reason of the water being kept up in the dam, and drains communicating 
 therewith, the drainage of their land being seriously impeded. In the old 
 town's book is an order " that the miller of the Humber mill, in Barton, 
 shall scour and keep in order his part of the dam, according to ancient 
 custom, and be fined for neglecting to do so." 
 
 The Eoman Urn. — In November, 1828, an urn of good work- 
 manship, and in a state of preservation, was dug up in the West 
 Field, about a mile and a half from Barton, at a spot a little above 
 the ancient road from Barton to Ferriby, at a point where there is an ex- 
 tensive view of the Humber for many miles. One of the labourers em- 
 ployed in baring the soil above the chalk stone quarry, struck upon 
 something with his pick-axe so dift'creut from what he had been accustomed 
 to, that it excited his attention, and an earthen jug, as he called it, was
 
 66 HISTORY OF BAETOM. 
 
 found embedded in the soil, which, upon examination, proved to be a 
 Eoman urn, in which was deposited a quantity of fragments of human 
 bones. The workmen engaged had taken what they considered a 
 hard job, which they were inclined to abandon, but the remonstrances 
 and expostulations of their foreman, and some of their comrades, 
 who jokingly prophesied they would find a pot of gold before they 
 had done, induced them to continue ; and when the urn turned up, 
 it was hailed as the promised reward. As soon as the lid was taken off, 
 one of the men put in his hand, and brought out, instead of gold — a hand- 
 ful of bones. The urn was emptied of its contents, and two or three cor- 
 roded nails only being found with the bones, the whole of the contents 
 were again returned to the urn, and removed to the house of their em- 
 ployer. Upon a careful examination of the fragments, and particularly 
 of the sockets of a part of the lower jawbone, and a tooth, one of the inci- 
 sors, yet perfect, it was conjectured that the bones were those of a female : 
 some of the bones were also blackened, evidently by the action of fire. 
 The urn is of finely wrought, but unbaked clay ; and although cracked, 
 is entire ; the cover was broken in two by the stroke of the pick-axe . 
 It is a curious fact also that where this urn was found there was 
 a regular seam of earth about seven feet deep, and five yards wide, 
 running in a direct line down the hill, whilst all around there are not 
 more than three feet of earth above the chalk stone ; but there is no ves- 
 tige of anything near the spot to denote a former place of residence or 
 worship, (a) Some little time after the finding of the urn, the workmen 
 at the same spot met with a human skeleton, which separated in pieces on 
 becoming exposed to the atmosphere ; this skeleton attracted more atten- 
 tion from its not being laid out at full length, but having the legs doubled 
 up. It was placed east and west — the head to the west. It was quietly 
 deposited in the church yard. 
 
 The Blow Wells. To the west of Barton are deep springs of flowing 
 water, called blow toells, and in the old town's book they are designated 
 " the Shadwells," and the head of the brook " Bradwell." The water from 
 these springs was sufficient in former days to supply the water mill at the 
 top of the haven. Some of such wells have existed for centuries, and 
 
 («) A lithograph was exhibited at the time the above account was read, at the Con- 
 gress of the Society of Antiquaries, at Winchester, in August, 1845, when the urn was 
 decided to be Roman or Roman-British. The urn itself was sent by Mr. Graburn (upon 
 whose property it was discovered) to London.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 67 
 
 are usually at the foot of the chalk strata verging on boggy ground. 
 The cost of filling up similar wells at Grimsby at the time of building 
 the docks was enormous, and appeared at one time likely to baffle 
 the sagacity of the engineers. Immense quantities of faggots and 
 chalk stone were procured for filling them up, that the coff'er-dam 
 for keeping out the tide might be supported whilst the piles were 
 driven for the new dock. The piles were braced together, but were 
 burst asunder by the breaking out of these springs or wells. Two 
 thousand tons of chalk stones were poured into them — indeed it was 
 thought there must have been an outlet, through which the stone 
 passed at low water mark into the Humber, as the numerous cargoes of 
 stone and trunks of trees, which were used for many weeks, seemed to be 
 swallowed up. The object was at length accomplished by using brush- 
 wood from Brocklesby park, and the stone from the chalk hill at the 
 Melton cutting. The name blow wells was probably given to springs 
 of this kind from the action of the water bubbling through thin strata 
 of sand. 
 
 The Ferry Boat House. — The haven no doubt formerly ran up to 
 the end of Tinkle lane, near Newport, where stood the old Ferry Boat 
 House, an ancient building of lath and plaster, which was pulled down a 
 few years ago. (See sketch, taken in 1795.) In lately digging a deep 
 trench for a tunnel in Tinkle lane, the workmen bared a cobbled pathway, 
 and some large stones, which had apparently been used as stepping stones. 
 The name of the street (Newport) most likely had reference to the haven. 
 As a proof that the Humber once flowed liigher than it docs now, there 
 was an old paddock (now part of the late Mr. Hedges' garden) in the 
 East Acridge, which formerly bore the name of " Shrimpholme," where 
 fishermen used to dry their nets. The late R. Brown, Esq., also had a 
 field there called "Sedge close," a name which marks its proximity to water. 
 
 The Barley Bell. Tradition states that an old lady, centuries before 
 the inclosure, lost herself one night, in the open fields, some distance from 
 the town, and finding her way home safely through the casual ringing of 
 one of the bells of St. Peter's church, bequeathed land, the tenure of which 
 depends upon the ringing of the same bell for one hour every night 
 (Sundays excepted,) from the time of getting in the first load of barley 
 until Shrove Tuesday. Similar traditions are said to exist in Gaiusboro' 
 and Leeds.
 
 68 HISTORY or BARTON. 
 
 It has been ascertained, from a parocliial docnment, tliat this cnstorn 
 existed in 1730. In a terrier of that date it is stated "the clerk liolds 
 thirteen acres and three stongs of arable land lying dispersed in the several 
 fields of Barton," for ringing this bell. At the time of the inclosure, the 
 clerk's share was diminished to 7a. 2r. 16p. In another document, it is 
 stated the parish clerk has immemorially possessed this property. 
 
 It is not irajn'obable this is a relic of the Saxon custom of ringing a 
 bell about eight o'clock during winter nights, that the people should then 
 cover up their fires, and go to bed, as a precaution ; fires being then so 
 frequent, from the combustible nature of the materials the houses were 
 built of. In " Timbs' Things not generally known," is the remark, " We 
 even find the ringing of the curfew bell provided for by bequests of tracts 
 of land, or other property, although this ringing was but the relic of the 
 custom," which bears out this supposition. 
 
 Nomenclature. In the old enclosures to the west of the town was a 
 spring of clear water called St. Trunnion's well, and in a field in the West 
 Acridge a very old thorn tree called St, Trunnion's tree, which Avas stand- 
 ing in 1736 ; but who St. Trunnion was is not known, the question having 
 been freqiiently discussed in "Notes and Queries;" as has also the origin 
 of F'mJcle lane, situate between High street and Newport ; but no con- 
 clusion has been arrived at in either case. There was an old thorn tree in 
 in the Far Ings, felled many years ago, called the Beggar's Bush ; and in 
 the East field, near the Burnham road, in 1756, was St. James' Cross. 
 At the end of Newport, in what was called " the Colony," was St. Catha- 
 rine's Well, and the road from thence to Finkle lane was named Catharine 
 street ; but the origin of these names is involved in obscurity. Burgate 
 was spelt Burglifjate, and Fleetgate was Fleedc/ate. Priestgate and Wliite 
 cross street, being near the chiu'ches, no doubt had reference thereto. It 
 is noticeable that six af the names of the streets end in " gate," as. Fleet- 
 gate, Soutergate, Priestgate, Hungate, Burgate, and Southgate, (the street 
 between the Beck and Barrow road,) which have probably originated in 
 some ancient, and perhaps fortified, division of the town. Vinegar hill is 
 said to have derived its name from several families there, who many 
 years ago, were in the habit of making that sour commodity ; and 
 Kingsforth is said to have derived its name from Henry the 8th having 
 gone from thence, (after a halt,) on his journey from Thornton abbey 
 to Lincoln.
 
 HISTORY or BAllTON. 69 
 
 THE INCLOSUEE 
 
 Was a most important epoch in the history of Barton. Regarded merely 
 as the conversion of 5920 acres of open land into compact farms, and dis- 
 tinct closes, it was a great accomplishment ; but when the permanency of 
 the change effected, the alteration which it caused in the mode of cultiva- 
 tion, and the enhanced value it conferred upon the land, with all the 
 incidental advantages which ensued, are taken into account, it is difficult 
 to over-estimate the importance of the event. 
 
 Barton, on the map, has not inaptly been said to resemble in shape a 
 Avedge. It is bounded on the north by the Humber, on the east by the 
 lordship of Barrow, on the south by the lordship of Burnham, and on the 
 west by the lordships of Ferriby, Horkstow, Saxby, and Bonby. It is 
 about three miles in breadth along the banks of the Humber, and about 
 four miles in length from its northern to its southern extremity. It contains 
 in round numbers 6240 acres, whereof 240 acres arc absorbed by the town, 
 and the various roads and drains, leaving 6000 acres under profitable cul- 
 tivation. The high character of farming has won for the place tiie poetical 
 title of the "Garden of North Lincolnshire." In 1792, the estimated 
 rental of the land used for agricultural purposes, was £2000 ; and the 
 present rental of the same land is estimated at £12,000. 
 
 Prior to the inclosure, the lordsliip south of the town, embracing 
 about 4.500 acres, (Beaumontcote and Warren farm excepted,) was open 
 arable land, divided by landmarks, protected as were the landmarks of the 
 Israelites of old. The lordship north of the town was principally open 
 meadow and pasture land, known as the Cow pasture, and the Horse 
 pasture. The extent of old enclosure was about 250 acres. 
 
 For some time preceding 1793, the expediency of inclosing the lordship 
 occupied the attention of Marmaduke Nelson Graburn, William Gral)iirii, 
 William Ilolgate, Thomas Scrivener, William Bygott, James Bygott, and 
 Thos. Harris, jnn., then the leading land owners in the town, and having 
 arranged with George Upplcby, Esq., and Sarah his wife, owners of the 
 rectory impropriate, for tlie commutation of the great tithes for 900 acres 
 of land; and with the Rev. Wm. Uppleby, vicar, for the conversion of the 
 vicarial titlies into a corn rent of £150, variable according to the average 
 price of wheat once in ten years ; they, in tliat year, applied to parliament, 
 and obtained " an act for dividing, allotting, and enclosing the open fields, 
 ings, marshes, and common pastures, and other common and waste lauds 
 and grounds, within the lordship of IJarton-upon-Huuiber, in the county 
 of Lincoln." Tlie act recites that the king was seized of the manor of
 
 70 HISTOIIY OF BARTON. 
 
 Barton, and also interested in the soil of the waste ground, and seized of 
 other lands within the manor : that George Uppleby, Esq. was lessee of 
 the manorial courts and crown lands : that Thomas Cotsworth was parish 
 clerk, and as such entitled to certain lands in the open fields, and also to 
 the yearly sum of 2d., payable at Easter, for every oxgang of land. The 
 act also recites the arrangements respecting the rectorial and vicarial 
 tithes, and that the open lands belonging to the several proprietors lay 
 intermixed, and in small parcels, and in that state were incapable of 
 much improvement. 
 
 Edward Johnson, of Hessle ; Joseph Dickinson, of Beverley ; and Peter 
 Nevill, of Riston Grange, gentlemen, were appointed commissioners to 
 carry the act into execution, and they were invested with ample powers for 
 the purpose, but as what they did is given, it is unnecessary to set out 
 these powers. Their remuneration was fixed at two guineas each per day 
 while actually engaged in their labours. John Wilbar, of Barton, and John 
 Dalton, of Hessle, land surveyors, were authorised by the act to make a 
 survey and plan of the entire lordship, and their allowance was fixed at Is. 
 6d. per acre. The survey and plan were completed in October, 1793, and 
 the commissioners immediately commenced the task assigned them, the 
 magnitude of which will be gathered from the following statement : 
 
 They set out the Barrow, Brigg, Caistor, Eerriby, Horkstow, Saxby, 
 Town-end, and Waterside roads, as public highways, and in doing so, 
 followed nearly the same lines which had been used for centuries before. 
 They set out the Ings, Dam, Fore ings. Gravel pit. West field, Bradwell 
 close, Acridge, Tofts, Waterslacks, Butts, Marsh, Pasture, North pasture, 
 Middle pasture. South pasture, Intack and East field roads, as private ways 
 for the use of the owners and occupiers of the adjacent lands, and they 
 directed that the said private roads should be for ever kept in repair by 
 the surveyors of Barton, by a rate on such owners and occupiers. The 
 entire length of all the roads exceeds 30 miles. 
 
 They caused to be made, the Pasture, Butts, Beck, Ings, Blow wells, 
 Dam, Bowman dale, and Waterslack drains, with the Butts clough, the 
 Ings clough, the Staunch near the dam bridge, and several tunnels. 
 
 They caused the Ilumber bank, extending from the lordship of Barrow to 
 the lordship of Eerriby, to be made of the following dimensions, — 23 ft. 
 at the base, 5 ft. in height, and 3 ft. wide at the top, to protect 
 the low lands from inundations from the Humber, and they directed that 
 the haven, public drains, banks, doughs, staunch, and tunnels, should be 
 cleansed, supported, and kept in repair, by an assessment upon the lands
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 71 
 
 enclosed, which for that purpose they divided into 4920 shares, rateably 
 amongst 137 proprietors, according to their several interests. The lands 
 used for the roads and drains comprised 101a. 1r. 15p. 
 
 They set apart eight stone pits, one acre each in extent, for the future 
 repair of all the roads, viz : the Barrow road, Brigg road, Caistor road, 
 Ferriby road. Gravel, Horkstow road, Saxby road, and West Field 
 road Pits. 
 
 They directed the herbage of the private roads and pits to be let annually, 
 and the rent applied towards the repair of such roads. 
 
 They investigated the accuracy of 232 claims, made by 139 claimants. 
 These claims were for 729 beast gates, 878 horse gates, 8860 sheep gates, 
 343 oxgangs of land, (appurtenant to each oxgang were one horse gate 
 and a half, one beast gate, and twenty sheep gates,) and 212 rights in 
 respect of freehold and copyhold properties, and having done so. 
 
 They allotted to the impropriators 66a. 1r. 24p. in lieu of glebe land, 
 and 289a. 3r, 15p., 161a. 2r. 2p„ 357a. 2r. 9p., and 91a. Or. 14p. in 
 lieu of great tithes. 
 
 They allotted to the vicar 3a. 3r. 34p. in lieu of glebe land, and they 
 secured his corn rent upon allotments of 84a. 2r. 6p., which they made 
 to George Uppleby, Esq. ; 91a. 3r. 4p. to Marmaduke Nelson Graburn, 
 Esq. ; and 84a. 2r. 30p. to Wm. Graburn, Esq. 
 
 They allotted to his majesty 35a. 2r. 34p, as full compensation for his 
 interest as lord of the manor in the waste lands, such allotment being equal 
 in value to one twentieth part of the entire waste lands. They also 
 allotted to his majesty three other allotments, amounting to 51a. 1r. 26p., 
 in lieu of his other property. These allotments are crown lands. 
 
 They allotted to the parish clerk and his successors 7a. 2r. 16p. in lieu 
 of his open field lands, and the yearly sum of 2d., then payable in respect 
 of every oxgang. 
 
 They allotted to the trustees of the land devised by the will of Wm. 
 Tripp, 64a. 2r. 24p. This property belongs to the Blue Coat Charity. 
 And they allotted to the trustees of the Poors' mill 1a. 3r. 34p. This 
 allotment is the land near the toll-bar, the rent of which is annually spent 
 in coals for the poor. 
 
 Having thus compensated the claims of those officially interested in the 
 soil, and thereby divested themselves, so to speak, of 1437 a. 1r. 23p. of 
 laud, the commissioners allotted the remaining 4483 acres and 35 perches 
 amongst 131 proprietors, in allotments varying from 308 acres to a few 
 perches each, accordhig to the interest which the allottee had in the lands
 
 72 HISTORY OF BAKTON, 
 
 to be inclosed ; and they also prescribed wlio was to make, and for ever 
 maintain, the fences of every allotment. 
 
 The commissioners were engaged nearly three years in their labours ; 
 their award is dated the 12th August, 1796. The ability and judgment 
 which they displayed in the disposition of the lordship has been frequently 
 and deservedly extolled, and their work remains as a monument of the 
 prudence, care, and wisdom which they brought to bear on its execution. 
 
 THE CHARITIES. 
 
 In addition to the charities already named, are 
 
 The Free School, where 30 poor children once received gratuitous 
 instruction, and about 70 others at a rate not exceeding 4d each per week, 
 was endowed with £21 per year, arising from the charities of Long, Beck, 
 and Fountain. In 1834, 120 boys were being educated (25 of them 
 gratuitously) in this school. The will of William Long is dated 1722, 
 that of Richard Beck 1728, and that of Nicholas Fountain 1730. 
 
 In 1669, Thomas HoUand gave the piece of land, now called "Paradise 
 Close," for the keeping in repair an almshouse for the reception of 4 
 poor widows. 
 
 The Blue Coat Charity, which originally benefited only 6 poor people, 
 and now distributes annually 36 suits for men, and 40 dresses for women, 
 was the bequest of ^Villiam Tripp, in 1679. 
 
 About 24 grey coats are also annually distributed among the poor from 
 and surplus of the rents of the Barrow charity estate, bequeathed by 
 Magdalen George, in 1729. Also the interest of £100, for coals. 
 
 Elizabeth WiUan, by will of 1778, gave J640, interest to be applied, viz., 
 lis. yearly for a sermon on Ash Wednesday, the remainder to the poor. 
 This sum was invested in the North Lincolnshire bank, which failed in 
 1812, whereby the principal was lost. 
 
 Sir Wm. Wray, of Glentworth, left £3 6s. 8d., annual rent charge of 
 land at Wlntringham ; Ijady Rand, £2, from land at Goxhill ; Richard 
 Beck, £\ 10s., from land at Barrow; W^m. Gildas, Esq., £5, from the 
 rectoiy estate, thiis divided, 23 penny loaves monthly, the remainder in 
 coals; Thomas Johnson, 1723, interest of £120, for the poor, — principal 
 applied in rebuilding the chantry. Alice Ingle, in 1830, left the interest 
 of £300, to be distributed in monthly doles of bread. 
 
 Al)out £30 per year, arising from some of these charitable funds, is 
 dispensed in coals to the poor.
 
 HALBERD 
 
 FERRY BOAT HOUSE 
 
 '^>4iifJ^\ 
 
 
 THE COINS
 
 PAKT SECOND. 
 
 )N glancing at the social history of the inhabitants during the 
 lengthened period embraced in the preceding pages, it will be 
 noticed that in early times they often suffered by the incursions 
 of the Danes. Hunting, fishing, («) and agriculture principally engaged 
 their attention, until the time of Edward the 3rd, when the town appears 
 to have been of some importance as a port, and a considerable trade was 
 carried on, which rapidly decreased, owing to the privileges granted to 
 Hull by different monarchs. The names of two localities in the lord- 
 ship — Bowman dale and the Butts, indicate that the practice of archery was 
 frequent when the bow was the national weapon ; and " Football close" 
 indicates the recreation of the youth. 
 
 From the disputes of the inhabitants with the abbots of the different 
 monasteries possessing property in Barton, in maintenance of their rights, 
 and the fact that in the early part of the ] 6th centmy a band of devoted 
 ^ christians, who went by the name of the " just men of Lincolnshire," dwelt 
 on the banks of the Humber, {b) it may be surmised that they in no little 
 measure assisted in the advancement of the reformation in this district. 
 
 When the Spanish Armada was expected, Lincolnshire was taxed to 
 furnish oats for the army of defence, and it is probable Barton supplied 
 its quota. In the days of Charles the 1st, " ship money," as the tax 
 which he arbitrarily imposed was termed, levied on vessels at Barton, 
 Hull, and other places, created the discontent which resulted in rebellion, 
 the establishment of the latter town as head quarters, and the erection of 
 defences against the royalists on the Lincolnshire side of the Humber. 
 
 (a) Formei-ly salmon was plentiful in the Humber. In 13th Edward 1st, severe 
 enactments were made for the protection of this and other kinds of fish iu the Humber, 
 which were eoufirmed iu 13th Richard 2nd. 
 
 {/)) D'Aubignc's History of the Kcformation in England.
 
 » HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 («) There was no lack, however, of staunch royalists in the town 
 and neighbourhood, who suffered severely when the Hull garrison 
 made inroads on tliis coast, for the double purpose of harassing the enemy 
 and obtaining plunder and provisions for themselves. These expeditions 
 produced reprisals, in one of which the royalists burned the Barton ferry 
 boat, doubtless with a view of interrupting communication with Hull. It 
 is on record that after Cromwell became Protector, John Booth, Esq., of 
 Barton, compounded for his estate by paying £54, and Robert Tirwhitt, 
 of Brigg, another royalist, did the same for £400. (b) 
 
 Coming down to a later period, it is noticeable that the first coach 
 which left Barton waterside for London, was three days on the journey, 
 and was looked upon as a miracle of expedition. Still later, the ferry was 
 in its glory ; the " hoy" then sailing once a day, and travellers by the 
 mail and old express, who reached the town after the departure of the 
 boat, were obliged to wait until the next tide ; and the Hidl people who 
 had business at Barton market on Monday, had almost invariably to leave 
 home on Sunday, and stay until Tuesday ere they could return. These 
 were palmy days for innkeepers, and lasted until 1812, when the first 
 steam packet was employed, to accommodate which the wooden, and sub- 
 sequently the stone jetty were erected. Other social incidents will be 
 found under the following heads : 
 
 THE OLD TOWN'S BOOK. 
 
 A perusal of the ancient laws, under which the town was governed for 
 several centuries, gives an interesting insight into the manners and cus- 
 toms, nay almost into the daily life, of the thousands who sleep in the old 
 churchyards. The book containing these laws is dated 1670, and speaks 
 of their having been compiled from another book which was in existence 
 in 1600, and which also was compiled from a stiU earlier book, date 
 unknown. Many of these laws are undoubtedly of feudal origin, and aU of 
 them manifest a primitive state of society. The power of enacting and 
 enforcing them was vested in a jury, consisting of copyholders of the 
 manor ; their subordinate officers were, a bailiff", underbailiff", constable, 
 cargrave, neatherd, swineherd, sparrow-killer, mole-catcher, caller, pindar, 
 and a bellman. 
 
 Some of these laws were in operation all the year ; others came into 
 
 («) Greenwood's Picture of Hull. (^) Oldfielil's History of Wainfleet.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 force at Michaelmas, Martinmas, the first and twenty-fifth of March, the 
 first of May, hay time, and at the beginning of, and during harvest. It will 
 be seen that they recognised the principle of local self-government ; and 
 the violation of some of the laws was punished by fines varying from 6d. to 
 10s., and of others by incarceration in the stocks. 
 
 To prevent coals being dear, the jury took the price out of the dealers' 
 hands, and enacted that the master of every vessel entering the haven with 
 coals should not sell them either to a " Barton man" or to a " country 
 man," or exchange them for other commodities, until the foreman had 
 fixed the saleable value, and received half a mett of coals for his trouble. 
 Dissentient captains were peremptorily ordered out of the haven, and 
 fined 10s. for every day's delay in quitting it. 
 
 Before the commercial axiom, " buying in the cheapest and selling in 
 the dearest market," was enunciated, forestalling was a grave oftence, and 
 to prevent its commission in Barton there was a law prohibiting any 
 person purchasing for resale at a profit goods brought into the haven, 
 until after the expiration of three days from the bellman's announcing the 
 arrival of the cargo ; during these three days the inhabitants had the 
 opportunity of buying the goods at the wholesale price. 
 
 As wood entered largely into the construction of most of the houses, 
 (many indeed were mere "stud and mud," and lath and plaster erections 
 with thatched roofs,) it was incumbent to guard against fire ; householders 
 were therefore not allowed to dry flax or hemp in, or to lay straw near 
 their chimneys and ovens ; to bake or brew during the night ; to sufter 
 their chimneys to be out of repair ; or to fetch fire from a neighbour's 
 house otherwise than in a close vessel. When 
 
 " Frequented by few was the grass-covered road. 
 Where the hunter of deer, and the warrior strode 
 O'er the liills tliat encircle the sea," 
 
 the pindar was required to direct across the open fields all drovers who 
 brought cattle over the Humber. This was done more for protecting the 
 growing crops than for courtesy. 
 
 The former inhabitants of the town had a horror of mad dogs ; and to 
 prevent, if possible, canine insanity, every householder had to place a tub 
 of water at his door during the summer. A similar custom prevails in 
 the East at the present day. 
 
 The jury anticipated sanitary commissioners by directing each house- 
 holder to clean his part of the street on Saturdays, and repair it to the
 
 4 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 extent of his frontage, leaving a "causey" 4 feet wide; and prohibiting 
 dunghills and carrion being left in the streets. 
 
 " Early to bed, and early to rise. 
 Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." 
 
 saith the old proverb, and the jury attempted to reduce it to practice by 
 appointing a man to call up the townspeople between 3 and 5 o'clock 
 in the morning, and also to ring a bell at 5 a.m. from Michaelmas to Lady- 
 day. Glendower boasted he could " call spirits from the vasty deep," but 
 Hotspur doubted whetber "they would come after he had called them;" 
 and it may reasonably be doubted whether the majority of the townspeople 
 quitted their warm beds on a cold winter's morning quite so early as 
 they were " called" to do ; they probably said, like Dr. Watts' sluggard, 
 
 " You have waked me too soon, I must slumber again !" 
 
 The highroads, (such as they were,) were repaired by the farmers and 
 cottagers " doing their commons," that is, leading materials ; a practice 
 still prevalent in many parishes. The stone was obtained from the deep 
 pits visible outside of the town. The old Bartonions did not excel in road 
 making, for corn had to be brought into the town on horseback. 
 
 Strangers were looked upon with suspicion in Barton. Householders 
 were restricted from letting their lodgings for more than a month to one 
 person ; and house-owners were debarred from letting houses either to 
 them or to loving couples about to be married, without the consent of the 
 jury. Imagine John Smith, of anywhere, desirous of marrying Mary 
 Jones, of Barton, and taking a house in the town ; imagine the juiy hos- 
 tile to the match ; imagine John triumphing over the hostility of the jury, 
 marrying Mary, settling in the town, and living happily afterwards ; 
 and there is the " romance of real life" in three lines, instead of as many 
 volumes. 
 
 Some of the laws affecting the cultivation of the land will excite a smile, 
 but the country being uninclosed, and agriculture not having arrived at 
 the dignity of a science, prudence counselled their enactment. No person 
 was allowed to plough up stubble before St. Luke's day, (18th October) 
 to go over wheat or rye with steads, rowls, or dipping-ploughs ; to diverge 
 from the highway in going to the fields ; to bait or tether horses or cattle 
 in the corn fields between the 25th March and the 1st August; to sutler 
 horses to eat corn during loading ; to permit servants to bring home corn 
 in their hands ; to lead corn or hay without the jury's consent; to lead corn 
 after 7 o'clock at night, or before 4 o'clock in the morning ; to sow vetches
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 5 
 
 among peas ; to gather wool before 9 o'clock in the morning ; to plough 
 away another man's land ; to remove his neighbour's landmarks ; or to 
 keep geese in corn fields or common pastures between Ladyday and 
 Michaelmas. Yoked oxen are spoken of; they were used for the plough 
 and waggons ; a team of oxen is a rarity in England now. Any person 
 breaking hedges, pulling up stakes, or taking furze in bottles, and any 
 person buying furze of such wrongdoers was fined 2s. 
 
 Able-bodied men and women were not allowed to glean, that privilege 
 being reserved for the aged and children, and then only upon naked land. 
 
 Every tenant was obliged to keep his gates and fences in repair, to scour 
 his ditches, and to amend the Humber bank ; neglect subjected him to a 
 a fine. The owner of a " plough-land" was entitled to stock the commons 
 with 6 horses, 4 oxen, and 80 sheep. Smaller holders were allowed a 
 smaller number ; but each person was prohibited from selling his common 
 right, under a penalty. Every now and then the commons were " driven," 
 and overstockers fined. 
 
 The town's book shows that a piece of land was annually set apart to be 
 sown with peas, which were called " alms pease," and the locality where 
 they were grown " alms dale." The laws respecting them were very strict ; 
 they were to be good peas, to be sown by a certain time, and no person 
 was to give leave that any one should gather them without being accom- 
 panied by another person. These peas Avere undoubtedly given to the poor. 
 
 It also shows there was a " gutter" in the centre of Fleetgate, as the 
 inhabitants of that street were bound to repair it on each side ; and drivers 
 of loaded wains were not to go down it if there was another convenient way. 
 
 It is said that Englishmen can do nothing Avilhout a dinner. The 
 custom is not of modern origin ; formerly every brewer and baker in the 
 town had to pay the ale-tasters fourpence juinually, out of which the ale 
 tasters furnished the jury with a dinner at Easter and Michaelmas. 
 
 The sparrow-killer took his dead birds to the foreman, who sent some 
 to one corn-grower, and some to another, with instructions to pay the 
 killer for them at the rate of 3d. a dozen. The pindar was paid partly 
 by fees, and partly by a tax of 4d. a year on every plough-land. The caller 
 received a similar sum from the same source ; and had in addition a pair of 
 boots found him annually. The mole-catcher was paid out of an assessment 
 made at the rate of 4d. upon each plough land. The neatherd was paid 4d. by 
 the owner of every cow, and 2d. by the owner of every other beast, and 2s. a 
 week for keeping the beasts in the stubble. The swineherd had to blow his 
 horn between 6 and 7 o'clock in the morning in summer, and between 7
 
 6 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 and 8 o'clock in tlie morning in winter, to collect the town swine ; he 
 then drove them into the common fields, and had to bring them to the 
 town end in an orderly manner about 4 or 5 o'clock in the afternoon ; he 
 was paid by fees from the owners, and had a pair of boots found him yearly 
 by the parish. The Society for " the prevention of cruelty to animals " 
 was not then in existence, but the jury fined every person a shilling who 
 suffered liis dog to bite the swine. 
 
 The jury had the power of laying rates to cover public disburse- 
 ments ; and their officers had to account yearly for their receipts and 
 expenditure. The head court was held at Michaelmas, as it is now. 
 
 These laws became extinct at the enclosure, many of them had probably 
 fallen into disuse some years before. 
 
 THE CHURCHWARDENS' BOOKS. 
 
 In the old account books of St. Peter's and St. Mary's churches, are 
 many entries, not only curious in themselves, and illustrative of the pro- 
 ceedings of our ancestors in olden times, but interesting as affording some 
 insight into what may be termed the byways of history in rural districts. 
 
 The date of St. Mary's extends from 1640 to 1725, that of St. Peter's 
 from 1650 to 1750. In both, the writers have frequently set at defiance 
 the modern rules of speUing in a highly amusing manner. 
 
 The first noticeable item is a very disloyal one, ' bestowed on ale on the 
 soldiers that came to deface the king's armes. Is.,' then, 'to Martin 
 Levitt, for washing out the king's armes, Is.' In 1660, ten years after, 
 they ' spent of the painter when he painted the king's armes. Is. 6d.,' 
 which must have been executed in a remarkably plain style, for shortly 
 after there is another charge of £1 15s. 3d. for the same purpose. It will 
 be understood that the king's arms were defaced in all churches during 
 the Protectorate, and restored on the return of the monarchy. In 1685, 
 there was paid ' for ringing, at the defeat of Monmouth, 2s. 6d.,' 
 and 'foronebooke concerning his overthrowe, 2s.' 1684, 'pd. tothe 
 ringers when the king was proclaimed, 5s.' 1695, 'for one booke, king 
 Charles' marterdom, Is.' 1680, ' when Dublin was taken, given to the 
 ringers, Is.,' to the same ' on the king's return out of Ireland, Is. lOd.,' 
 also, 'when Limerick was taken, 2s.' 1694, 'to old England very sike. 
 Is.,' probably a political pamphlet, then, 'paid for oyl and candcls, upon 
 the thanksgiving day for the king's return, 2s. 6d.,' and 'for ringing, 2s. 
 6d.' From these entries it appears when anything extraordinary occuiTcd
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 7 
 
 in those days it was celebrated by ringing the bells, as the custom is now. 
 
 From the following extracts, occuring between 1640 and 1690, it will be 
 seen that it was formerly the duty of the churchwardens to dispense charity 
 to such persons as needed it ; who, as they travelled from place to place, 
 applied to the vicar, ha\dng with them a letter of request or brief, as their 
 petitions were called ; and if he thought them worthy, he recommended them 
 to the churchwardens. ' Pd. to a poor woman in great distress, Is.,' ' to 
 Clement Brodby and John Freeman, poore travailers, 3d.,' ' to Moses 
 Gray, his wife, and three more, who were robbed by the wilde Irish, and 
 their houses and goods burned by them, Is.' ' to a gentlewoman that was 
 a traveller. Is.,' 'to one John Field, a poore minister upon travel, 6d.,' 
 ' to two gentlemen that had lost their whole estate by water overflowing, 
 5s.,' this was a very liberal donation, the general amount bestowed being 
 3d., and 6d., if the recipients got Is., they were fortunate. 'Pd. to 
 Anthony Garniss, and three more, who had sustained great loss by the 
 Turkes, Is.,' 'to Samuel HiU, servant man, when he was sent away for a 
 soulger, £3.,' this man was a constable, and appears to have considered 
 his vocation too tame. ' Collected for the loss by fire that was near the 
 theatre royal, in St. Martin's in the field, which loss amounted to j611,488, 
 2s. 6d., the sum of 9s. lid.,' also ' for a loss by fire near Fordingebridge, 
 13s. Id.,' and different sums are entered as given for losses by fire and flood 
 in other places, 'for East smith field for loss by fiar, 10s.,' 'given upon 
 a letter of request, being 9 in company. Is. 6d.,' which was a rather large 
 begging party, ' collected for the briefe for the Irish protestants, 
 jei lis. 7d.' 
 
 There are several sums paid to ministers for preaching, 3s. being the 
 average, as, 'pd. to Mr. Bardinell for preaching one day, 3s.' £1 15s. 
 6d. was paid for entertaining the bishop, on one occasion, and other 
 expenses at the same event amounted to £1 7s. 4d. more. 
 
 The following wiU give an idea of prices in those days, some of Avhich 
 are low enough, 'to 10 gallons of wine, being the half of what was ex- 
 pended at all our cummunions for the year, £2,' 'for 1000 of brick for 
 the walls next the street, 10s. 6d.,' 'for 1300 stock bricks, £1 3s. 6d.,' 
 ' for half a chaldre of lime, 7s.,' ' for 3 pecks of coals, and 2d. in turves, 
 9d.,' 'for 2 keys for the churchyard gates, 8d.,' 'for the challis, £4.' 
 
 There was no lack of musical taste in Barton in the time of Charles 
 the 1st, as appears from the following entries, ' Pd. to Michael Newton, 
 the organist, for a year's wages, ended at Mayday, 1641, £4,' and to the 
 unfortunate 'Thomas Boyes, for blowing the organ bellowes the said
 
 8 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 year, 4s.,' also ' to Winterton singers, in aile, Is.' This organ was in St. 
 Mary's, and it is to be presumed the Winterton vocalists attended on 
 some special occasion. 
 
 There was also a clock in St. Mary's, which seems to have had a pro- 
 pensity to go wrong, from the repeated items for its correction. ' Pd. to 
 Kobert Fairwedther for the ceping the clocke, 6s. 8d.,' and to same 
 gentleman for simply ' looking at the clock, 6s. 8d.,' ' to Henry Harrison 
 for mending the clock, Is. 6d.,' 'payd to Charles Eowbottom for bucking 
 after the clock, 6s. 8d.,' 'to Edwd. Page, for mending the clocke, and for 
 wyer for the same, 1 2s.,' and ' towards the clocke stringes, 2s. 3d.' 
 
 Frequent mention is made of the churchyard walls being repaired, and 
 straw is always mentioned in connection with the bricks, as ' for 8 roods 
 of the walls, and for covering the walls by the beck side, 6s, 6d.,' ' for 3 
 bottles of straw for the walls, and for carrying, 2s. 6d.,' 'for 500 of brick 
 for the wall next the street, 5s.,' and 'for making of that wall, 6s. 6d.,' 
 ' church yard walls caping, and 6 bottles of straw, 6s. 4d.' 
 
 Amongst the miscellaneous entries are several which sound very quaintly 
 to modern ears, ' Paid for killing starnells for a year, 3s. 4d.,' ' to Mat- 
 thew Belt, for killing moles in the churchyard, 6d.,' ' to Jno. Kenington, 
 for whiping the dogs for half a year. Is.,' and to ' John Brocklebank, for 
 whipping dogs out of the church, 2s.,' 'for the dawes climbing, and the 
 steyes borrowing, 6d.,' ' to pasifi Sharp's wife, Is.,' ' too a lawer for 
 pleding Simson's cause, 3s. 6d.,' which may be considered very cheap 
 oratory. ' For the cvmamunion cloth dressing, and moth killing in it, 6d.' 
 In 1740, £26 was paid for painting the king's arms, the commandments, 
 the Lord's prayer, &c. 'Paid to Brocklebank for waking sleepers, 2s.,' 
 it is not stated whether this moderate sum was for waking those who 
 indulged in a nap at prayers, or for calling people betimes in the morning. 
 The pay in 1640 (thirty-five years after the gunpowder plot,) for the 
 ringers on the fifth of November was Is., afterwards increased to 3s. 4d.; 
 and the charge for graves 6s. 8d., quite legal amounts. 'For a polly 
 roll, to Eobt. Carver, 4d.,' 'bread and wine the 5th November, for 
 the cummunion, 10s. 4d.,' to the same ' for communion at Christmas, 
 lis. 2d.,' 'to four men for one half day's work. Is.,' so that 6d. 
 was then "a fair day's wage for a fair day's work." 'Pd. to the 
 prisoners of Lincoln goal, 6d.,' ' for our clerk's supper, at Edwd. Brown's 
 drinking. Is.,' 'to three journies to Castor, about papishes, 5s.,' 'to 
 WUl. Blowe, for carrying the monne to Lincolne, that was collected for 
 London, Is.,' a journey of 36 miles, and back again. There is a copy of
 
 HISTORY OF BAETON. 
 
 9 
 
 the deed of Hobson's house, dated 1626, in which " view of frankpledge" 
 is named, (see page 28 ;) also an agreement between the vicar and Ki chard 
 Barrett, in 1758, to the effect that the latter had erected a pew in the 
 chancel of St, Mary's, and should peaceably enjoy it on payment of 2s. 6d. 
 yearly, to be applied towards the repairs of the church. 
 
 The Bells seem to have been a source of endless trouble, heavy expenses 
 being continually incurred in keeping them in order. Both the books con- 
 tain a good sprinkling of such items as 'pd. to Thomas Johnson and 
 William Gervase, one day when the great bell fell into the well in the 
 bell chamber, 2s.,' and to the same ' for hanging the great bell, and 
 mending of her frame when she fell, 5s. 6d.' (a) 
 
 (a) The following account of the expenses relating to the rc-casting of the 2nd bell 
 of St. Mary's, iu 1641, will give a good idea of the difficulties and expenses of travelling 
 at that period : 
 
 s. 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 1 
 1 
 
 i. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bestowed of a workman which came to see the riven bell . 
 
 In charges of the bell-founder when we agreed for the second bell casting, at 
 two several meetings ..... 
 
 To John Addamson and Jasper Greene, for helping down the riven bell 
 To other poor labourers, for helping down the bell 
 For a man and horse going to Lincoln to get the articles sealed. Bond concern- 
 ing the agreement for the 2nd bell casting . . .46 
 To Jasper Greene and his son, for making a waine fitt to carry the bell to Lin- 
 coln, for their day's work , . . , 2 
 To Mr. Chapman, for making 2 waine fdfs for the beli to lye in .08 
 To charges for the bell carrying to Lincoln. For four men's dinners at Brigg 
 on Monday, 16th of November . . . . 2 
 
 For 2 pocks of provender, and hay at Brigg for 6 horses and 2 oxen . 1 2 
 
 At Rcdburn that night, for 4 mens' suppers . . . 2 
 
 For three pecks of oats that night . , . .16 
 
 For hay there for the horses and oxen . . . 2 
 
 For our 4 breakfasts on Tuesday morning . . . .20 
 
 For three pecks of oats for the horses that morning . . 1 G 
 
 For one bottle of hay and 2 bauds . . . .06 
 
 For unwaining the bell at Lincoln . . . . 8 
 
 For our suppers that night at Lincolu . . . .20 
 
 For 3 pecks of provender that night . . . . 16 
 
 For hay that night . . . . . .20 
 
 For 3 pecks of provender on Wednesday morning . . 16 
 
 For hay that day . . . , . .20 
 
 For our dinners and suppers that day . . . . 4 
 
 Bestowed on the workmen when the bell was easting . , .10 
 
 For 3 pecks of provender and hay that niglit . . . 3 6 
 
 For provender on Tuesday morning, and hay that day . .36 
 
 For help to pull tlie bell out of the pit . . . 10 
 
 For help to waine the bell . . , . .06 
 
 For our suppers at Spittle that night . . . . 2 
 
 For 3 pecks of provender tliat niulit, and hay . . .36 
 
 For our dinners that d;iy . . 2 
 
 For provender at noon, and hay for the cattle ,10
 
 10 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 MAKRIS' BANKRUPTCY. 
 
 By far the most disasterous event in the annals of Barton was the failure 
 of Marris and Nicholson's Bank, in 1812. Mr. Thomas Harris, the chief 
 partner, was a wealthy man, of high honour, unimpeachable integrity, and 
 universally esteemed. He was an attorney by profession, residing in 
 Barton House, now occupied by Mr. Plague, and the bank was the office 
 now used by Mr. Robt. Brown. Mr. Nicholson, the other partner, was 
 also an attorney, of great respectability, and resided at Brigg. 
 
 The bank, called " the North Lincolnshire bank," was one of issue and 
 deposit ; and Messrs. Boldero, Lushington, and Co., bankers, were the 
 London agents. So great was the confidence reposed in Marris and 
 Nicholson, that their notes were preferred to the notes of every other local 
 bank ; indeed they were considered equal to gold, or bank of England 
 paper ; and not only did their notes rank high in public estimation, but 
 the bank was extensively used by depositors of every description, for 
 temporary purposes. Scarcely a gentleman, a mercantile man, or a large 
 farmer, in the town and district, but had an account with them ; trustees 
 and executors lodged money in their hands pending distribution, and 
 almost every person in the neighbourhood who had managed to save a 
 little money by dint of industry and frugality, took it there for security. 
 Such was the prosperous condition of affairs for several years preceding 
 1812. The bank was well managed, extensively used, and flourished; and 
 the proprietors held the social position of first-class country gentlemen. 
 
 These halcyon days were too bright to last. A storm was gathering 
 which was to " smite the four corners of the house," and bring it in ruins 
 npon those who had believed in its stability. The crisis came. On the 
 
 For our suppers that night . . . . 
 
 Tor 3 pecks of provender and hay that night 
 
 For our breakfasts on Satterday morning 
 
 For 3 pecks of provender 
 
 For one bottle of hay ..... 
 
 For 2 new shoes for Edward Thompson's horse 
 
 For 3 pair of new traces ..... 
 
 For our expenses in drink all the said days . 
 
 For the bell casting, at 15s. per hundred, weighing 1200 and odd weight 
 
 For 3 stone of his mettall more than the old, at 14s. per stone 
 
 For the bell-founder's meat at Edward Browne's 
 
 For getting the new bell upp into the steeple, bestowed of workmen . 
 
 For li lb. of swine's grease for the tackles, to get her upp 
 
 To Richard Page, for his waine and his oxen going with the bell to Lincoln 
 
 Given to his man ..... 
 
 For 2 men we hired in om' roomes the week we went to Lincoln with the bell 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 £9 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 £2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ell 
 
 6 
 

 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 11 
 
 3rd of Janiiaiy, 1812, the astounding intelligence reached Barton that 
 Boldero, Lushington, and Co. had failed, that Harris and Nicholson 
 were indebted to them in a heavy balance, (£34,000,) which they could 
 not instantly liquidate ; and that payment was suspended in consequence. 
 The consternation was dreadful — an universal gloom pervaded the town, 
 for privation, loss, and ruin stared the bulk of the inhabitants sternly in 
 the face. Mr. Harris made a gallant eflort to save himself, and the 
 hundreds who had trusted him. Accompanied by his friend, Mr. Thomas 
 Walkden, he posted to London, and had an interview with the hard men 
 who held Boldero, Lushington, and Co. in fetters. All he asked for was 
 time. "Give me time," he cried, "and I will pay you. I am solvent. 
 T only require time to realize ray securities : have patience with me, and 
 I will pay you all ;" but they would not. Like Shylock, they insisted on 
 their bond. In this extremity, he went, it is said, to Messrs. Beauchamp, 
 bankers, London, and not only arranged with them for the discharge of 
 the debt to Boldero & Co., but actually obtained from them a large sum of 
 money to meet the anticipated pressure at home. With this cash packed 
 in a portmanteau, and deposited in the chaise, he and Mr. Walkden 
 hurried to Barton as swiftly as horses could take them ; and on their 
 arrival, the glad tidings flew like electricity, "the bank is saved !" The 
 bells of both churches rung out exultantly. The band of the Barton 
 Volunteers played triumphant music. Breathless messengers sped to the 
 adjacent villages with the welcome news, and men 
 
 " Met each other with exalted look, 
 Aud warmly by the hand each other shook." 
 
 as though they had escaped a great calamity, and they drank deep that 
 night to celebrate, as they thought, their deliverance. The popular enthu- 
 siasm found vent in chairing Hr. Hesleden ; indeed, the joy was so ex- 
 cessive, that it almost amounted to delirium. When morning dawned, 
 however, dark reality dissipated the dreams of the revellers. During the 
 night a messenger from Hessrs. Beauchamp, swift as destruction, and 
 unrelenting as fate, had followed Hr. Harris, and on his arrival, stated 
 that his employers had withdrawn from the engagement, and required the 
 return of their advance. The precious portmanteau was accordingly 
 surrendered, and the crash followed. On the 13th of January, Harris and 
 Nicholson were declared bankrupt, and a commission was issued against 
 them. Messrs. James Kiero Watson, Philip Skipworth, and Geo. Moore, 
 were appointed assignees, and commenced the winding up of the multifa-
 
 12 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 rioiis accounts. Claims to the extent of £200,000 were proved against 
 the joint estate of Harris and Nicholson by upwards of 1000 individuals. 
 Actually more than one thousand people in the then thinly populated 
 district of North Lincolnshire were involved in this great catastrophe — 
 one cause of the wide-spread disaster being the issue of one-pound notes, 
 which found their way into the hands of working men and small shop- 
 keepers ; and private claims against the separate estate of Mr. Marris 
 were established to the extent of about j63O,000 more. Many and com- 
 plicated questions soon arose as to the division of the assets between the 
 claimants against the partners, and the private creditors of Mr. Marris ; 
 and in consequence of the magnitude of the interests at stake, the inter- 
 vention of the court of chanceiy was repeatedly sought, and the delay 
 caused by the suits procrastinated the distribution of the effects for several 
 years. In fact it is not yet accomplished ,- however, in 1834 the whole of 
 the claimants on the separate estate of Mr. Marris were paid in full ; and 
 the partnership creditors have at distant intervals received four dividends 
 amounting in the aggregate to 7s. 3d. in the £, the first dividend being 
 5s., the second 8d., the third 5d., and the fourth Is, 2d. in the £,. The 
 last dividend was paid in 1842, and it is confidently expected there will 
 be another before the accounts are finally closed. Mr. Nicholson's estate 
 paid his own creditors 15s. in the &. 
 
 A strong conviction has prevailed for many years that Mr. Marris was 
 solvent when he was declared bankrupt, and that, could he have had time, 
 he would have paid the bank creditors 20s. in the £. Facts and figures seem 
 to demonstrate the accuracy of this conviction. His estate paid his private 
 creditors in full, and notwithstanding the enormous expense attending the 
 bankruptcy, the heavy costs of chancery proceedings, and the depreciation 
 in the value of his estates caused by forced sales, the bank creditors have 
 received 7s. 3d. in the &, and will probably receive a further instalment. 
 
 After the lapse of forty-four years, it is impossible to say how many in- 
 dividuals had their prospects in Ufe blighted, how many never recovered 
 the shock, and how many were absolutely beggared, out of the 1000 
 suft'erers by this visitation ; but they were numerous. It is a remarkable 
 fact however, and very creditable to Mr. Marris, that his personal and 
 commercial integrity was never impeached ; he was pitied, not condemned; 
 the general opinion being that his bank rested, as it were, upon Messrs. 
 Boldero & Co.'s establishment, and when that yielded to external pressure, 
 he fell from necessity — as the oak prostrated by the whirlwind carries 
 with it the weaker ivy which has clung to it for support. 
 
 In 1785 Mr. Marris became a member of the Old Friendly Society in
 
 HISTOUY OF BAKTON. 13 
 
 Barton, and after his bankruptcy an old servant paid his monthly contribu- 
 tions for him ; it was well he did so, for Mr. Harris lived to be a recipient 
 of funds from the society for five years preceding 1843, when he died at 
 Leicester, a melancholy instance of the instability of human prosperity. 
 
 THE VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 When Napoleon was organising his gigantic forces for a descent upon 
 England, and when 300,000 Britons sprang to arms to resist the threaten- 
 ed invasion, then uprose the Barton Volunteers. In August, 1803, 
 there was a meeting in St. Mary's church, to determine as to the means of 
 assisting in the defence of the country ; the two Mr. Graburns, the two 
 Mr. Hesledens, Mr. Marris the banker, and 320 other willing men were 
 there. A few words sufficed to explain the position of national aifairs ; a 
 motion was quickly carried that a band of volunteers should be formed, 
 and then came the question, " Who joins ?" Every man there, old and 
 young, weak and strong, lame and nimble, pressed forward to enrol his 
 name ; in the middle aisle, in the chancel, in St. James' aisle, and on the 
 tombstones outside, the eager signatures were made. Enthusiasm was 
 at its height, and vented itself in acclamations which made the welkin ring. 
 A selection from the candidates resulted in the formation of two companies, 
 the grenadiers and the battalion, each 100 strong. Their uniform was red, 
 turaed up with blue : the dress of the band, a veiy excellent one, was 
 white. Thos. Marris was elected captain commandant, Wm. Graburn 
 second captain, Wm. S. Hesleden, sen. lieutenant and adjutant, Thos. 
 Walkden second lieutenant, Jas. Marris ensign, and Richd. Eddie surgeon. 
 The process of drilling commenced : in the winter nights the grenadiers 
 were taught in Mr. Graburn's granaiy, by drill sergeant Ingram ; and the 
 battalion in St, James' aisle, by drill sergeant Pickard. The grenadiers 
 met for parade opposite to Mr. Brown's office, and the battalion opposite 
 to Mr. Mackrill's office. Both companies met for target practice in the field 
 now Mr. Winship's brickyard, and on review days they almost invariably 
 assembled in Mount-house close. This lasted for several years, and a 
 merry time it was ; the officers were constant, the men were staunch, and 
 anxious to acquit themselves creditably ; and they did so : whenever they 
 were reviewed by Col. Anderson, or any other field officer, they were extolled 
 for the precision with wliich they executed their evolutions, and for their 
 soldier-like method and bearing. 
 
 While the able-bodied men were learning to defend themselves, the 
 helpless and aged, the women and children, were not forgotten ; all the 
 carts and waggons in the lordship, in number 122, being registered to
 
 14. HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 facilitate their convey.ince into the iuterior, as emergency might require. 
 
 On the king's birthday, in every year, there was always a grand display ; 
 bells were rung, martial music floated in the air, the inhabitants indulged in 
 a holiday to see the volunteers go through their exercise ; and the streets 
 re-echoed with a song, the composition of a poet unknown to fiime. (a) 
 
 But the great event in the career of the Volunteers was their excursion 
 to Grimsby for ten days' duty, in October, 1808. With all their accoutre- 
 ments in perfect trim ; smart, clean, and enthusiastic ; with colours flying 
 and band playing, they left Barton, and marched to Grimsby, via Limbei* — 
 a glorious spectacle to the villagers on their route. The Grimsby people 
 and the Volunteers were mutually pleased with each other, and ten lively 
 days were spent. Dm'ing their stay they were not over-fatigued with 
 military duty. On their return, they marched via Laceby and Wootton, and 
 were refreshed at the Hall at the latter place by John Uppleby, Esq., with 
 bread and cheese, and beer. Their reception back was something to be 
 remembered : glad peals resounded from the cluu'ches, men waved their 
 hats and shouted, women waved their handkerchiefs and smiled, and win- 
 dows and streets were lined with spectators to bid them welcome home ! 
 The cost of this expedition was .-BSfi-i 18s. 5d. 
 
 On the 25th October, 1809, the jubilee was celebrated with joyous and 
 loyal demonstrations ; the Volunteers mustering in force, and delighting 
 their friends with the manreuvres of a regular field-day. In the evening 
 they were treated to Smedley's theatre, then an " institution" in the town. 
 
 The total cost of the corps was £272-A 13s. 3d., government paying 
 J62126 3s. 3d., and the officers the balance. 
 
 They were dissolved, with other Volunteer Corps, at the termination of 
 the war. A few only of the survivors are now living, to recount the inci- 
 dents of their early lives, but the unfading page of history records the 
 eventful period in which they flourished, and will be read with avidity as 
 long as patriotism shall animate the breasts of Englishmen. 
 
 (ff) The following is part of this patriotic effusion : — 
 
 " Napoleon, in flnt-bottomcd boats. 
 Swears he wii/ conic over ; 
 But it' his men once get afloat, 
 "We'll quickly knock 'cm over. 
 
 And if old England they invade. 
 
 We'll dearly make 'em rue it ; 
 Though soldiering is not our trade, 
 
 "VVe urc the men to do it. 
 Sound the trumpet, beat the drum. 
 
 Fill the mighty jorum ; 
 The Barton ^\^lunteers have come. 
 
 To drive the French before 'em."
 
 HTSTOKY OF BAKTON. 15 
 
 The Barton Troop of North Wold liincoln Yeomanuy was formed and 
 assembled at Wootton Dale, for training under the tuition of the sergeant 
 and corporal of the Somersetshire Fencibles, in August, 1708. The 
 officers were Geo. Uppleby, Esq., captain ; Thos. Marris, Esq., lieutenant ; 
 John Uppleby, Esq., cornet; Wrn. S. Hesleden, quarter master and ser- 
 geant major ; Charles Uppleby, and Charles Empson, sergeants ; John 
 Bobat, drill sergeant; John liattersley, trumpeter; and 39 Privates. The 
 troop was subsequently commanded by Sir Henry Nelthorpe. In October, 
 1799, they assembled at Limber, and went to Cleethorpes, for a Aveek's 
 exercise, and they met regularly in after years at different places for the 
 same purpose. Government allowed the troop J692 a year, and the excess 
 of expenditure was discharged by subscription. The troop had £79 73. 5d. 
 to their credit in the North Lincolnshire bank, and the quarter master had 
 notes of the same bank, value d621 18s., iu hand, at the time of its failure 
 in 1812, whereby the troop sustained the loss of £101 5s. 5d. («) 
 
 (a) The following Tradition appeared in print some time ago, and is given as an 
 
 illustration of the "minor " horrors of war. "The Invasion of Barton. In the 
 
 year 1745, Barton was startled from its inactivity by the intelligence that the hold 
 Highlanders of Scotland had invaded England with the desperate intention of ousting 
 king George from his comfortable throne, and substituting the I'rctcnder as its occupant ; 
 and as the inhabitants of the town in those days lent a ready ear to the marvellous, it 
 was generally believed that the invaders were almost as numerous, and quite as hungry, 
 as the locusts of Egypt, and tales of their partiality for other people's property, and 
 their uncivil mode of wooing the ladies, were greedily swallowed. 
 
 In 1745, letters were not delivered so regularly as they are now, and a newspaper 
 then was quite a curiosity ; but the want of authentic infonnatiou was amply compen- 
 sated by the inventive powers (stimulated by fear,) of the inhabitants, and in particular 
 Timothy Kean, the little barber, who then did business in a shop now occupied by Mr. 
 Jackson, and Jacob Grit, the thin tailor, who lived in Mr. Fussey's house, told the 
 frightened frequenters of their establihhments such dreadful stories of the ferocity and 
 thirst of the invaders, that all those who had pretty wives and daughters, and anything 
 to lose in the shape of victuals and drink, were strongly of opinion that government 
 ought to send 20,000 soldiers to protect the town, and if they did'nt, it would Ijc a great 
 shame. One man only — the bluff miller, who rented the town's water-mill — laughed at 
 the general consternation, but he was set down as an Infidel and a Jacobite, and narrowly 
 escaped being put in the stocks as a caution. 
 
 The town was in this state of excitement, when, one morning, three strangers in the 
 Highland costume, suddenly made their appearance in the ^larket-place. They were 
 haggard and way-worn, their clothes were ragged and bloo<l-stained, famine was obvious 
 in their hollow cheeks, and they were particularly in want of shaving. The explosion of 
 a squib in the midst of a small tea-party could not excite greater dread, than did the ad- 
 vent iu Barton of these emaciated wretches. The doors of all the houses in the Market- 
 place were instantly barricaded, the women rushed to the upper windows and shrieked 
 out "murder," while their husbands secreted themselves in the coal-holes, and the few 
 stragglers who chanced to be in the streets, fled precipitately to their homes, as though 
 they were fleeing for their lives. The panic spread like the wavy circlets in a mill- 
 pond, when a stone is thrown into the centre. High-street was in agonies, Heetgate 
 trembled, and Newport shook with fear. A crj' immediately arose, " Where is the
 
 16 HISTORY OF BAKTON. 
 
 In March, 1798, voluntary contributions for the defence of the kingdom, 
 amounting to £177 5s. 6d., were raised at Barton, and remitted by 
 Messrs. Pease, Knowsley, and Wray, then the proprietors of the North 
 Lincolnshire bank, to government. 
 
 constable?" and rapidly passing from mouth to mouth, it ultimately reached the ears of 
 that officer, a stout man, short in the legs, and equally short in the wind. As soon as 
 he understood what he was wanted for, he wisely remarked, " he could'nt apprehend 
 the rebels without a warrant," and he straightway went to bed, taking the precaution 
 of fastening the chamber-door with a staple. Meanwhile the authors of the commotion 
 gazed anxiously around them, as though in quest of assistance, but perceiving the alarm 
 they had created, they walked into Fleetgate, from which they perceived the old 
 Ferry boat public-house, with the door invitingly open. After a short consultation, two 
 of them went into the honse, while the third stood sentinel at the entrance. Directly 
 the two men entered the kitchen, they helped themselves to the visible eatables and 
 liquor, but instead of paying for what they got, as is the present custom of travellers, 
 they exhibited their broadswords instead of their money, to the terror-stricken landlord, 
 who sat on the long-settle, regarding his guests with speechless astonishment. Not so, 
 however, his active spouse, who rapidly made her exit at the back door, and ran to her 
 neighbour, the bluff miller, screaming all the way. 'I'he miller instantly caught up a 
 hag containing a little flour, and directing his two assistants to follow him, and do as he 
 did, he proceeded to the house, and, walking quietly past the sentinel, he suddenly 
 swung the bag into his face, and the moment the Highlander raised his hands, instinct- 
 ively, to rub the flour out of his eyes, he rushed in upon him, and secured his arms be- 
 foi'e he had a chance of defending himself. The other Highlanders came out of the 
 house at this crisis, and the miUer's men amving also, the fatal flour bags were again 
 brought into play, and with the same result. The bloodless scuffle over, the miller and 
 his men triumphantly marched their dusty prisoners to the (now demolished) chantry, 
 and securely locked them in. 
 
 The news of the capture spread like oil on troubled waters ; a re-action took 
 place, the women ceased their clamour, the men bravely came out from their hiding 
 places, the principal inhabitants held a solemn council of afi^airs, at the " George," and 
 volunteer patrols, armed with pistols, fowling-pieces, swords, pitchforks, rolling-pins, 
 and clothes-props, sallied forth on the Brigg, Barrow, and Ferriby roads, to reconnoitre ; 
 but seeing no signs of the enemy, their courage wonderfully increased as they returned 
 homewards, and they gi-ew quite valiant with telling each other what they would have 
 done, had they encountered a detachment of the foe. The sober and sensible committee, 
 however, who sat at the " George," having come to the sage conclusion, that they had 
 three State prisoners in custody, and the sooner they were quit of them the better, 
 despatched a messenger, in a special boat, to the officer in command of the garrison at 
 Hull, to request him to come aud take charge of them. Accordingly the next morning, 
 the officer, with a file of soldiers with muskets loaded and bayonets fixed, arrived ; but 
 on going to the chantry, behold, the prisoners had vanished, and a hole in the roof 
 significantly demonstrated how. 
 
 Years afterwards, it was whispered that the miUer's good-hearted wife had prevailed 
 upon her husband to assist them to escape, because she could not bear the idea of the 
 men being hung through his instrumentality. Whether it was so or not, he was fre- 
 quently heard to say he was glad they had escaped, as a revenge too cruel had been 
 taken on those who fell into the grasp of the law. 
 
 Such was the commencement, progress, and termination of the famous Invasion of 
 Barton, the memory whereof is fast dying away, but to keep it in remembrance, 
 it is here chronicled."
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 17 
 
 In September, 1808, during hostilities with the French, the "Margaret 
 Anne," of Barton, (owner, James Grimsby ; master, Wm. Temple,) whilst 
 delivering coals at Killingholrae, was taken to Calais by three escaped 
 French prisoners of war, who overcame the sailors. A subscription of 
 J6200 was raised by their fellow-townsmen for their relief. 
 
 At the conclusion of the war, in 1814, the sum of iE89 12s. 6d. was 
 raised at Barton, and expended in the distribution of meat and ale, instead 
 of an ilhimination. In 1854, £200 was contributed towards the Patriotic 
 fund for the relief of the widows and orphans of soldiers, sailors, and 
 marines, who fell in battle during the late war with Russia. 
 
 EPITAPHS. 
 
 In St. Peter's churchyard, there is a tombstone with the following 
 strange epitath : 
 
 " Doom'd to receive half my soul held dear, 
 The other half with grief, she left me here. 
 Ask not her name, for she was true and just ; 
 Once a fine woman, but now a heap of dust." 
 
 As may be inferred, no name is given. The date is 1777. A curious and 
 romantic legend attaches to the epitaph. In the above year, an unknown 
 lady of great beauty, who was conjectured to have loved "not wisely, but 
 too well," came to reside in the town. She was accompanied by a gentle- 
 man, who left her after making lavish arrangements for her comfort. She 
 was proudly reserved in her manners, frequently took long solitary walks, 
 and studiously avoided all intercourse. She died in giving birth to a child, 
 and without disclosing her name or family connections. After her decease, 
 the gentleman who came with her, arrived, and was overwhelmed with 
 grief at the intelligence which awaited him. He took the child away, 
 without unravelling the secret, having first ordered the stone to be erected, 
 and delivered into the mason's hands the verse, which is at once a 
 mystery and a memento. 
 
 A tombstone in St. Mary's churchyard to the memory of George 
 llamsdcn, records that he was parish clerk of Barton for 51 years and 9 
 months. He died in 1781. At the present date, (October, 1856,) John 
 Willinghara, has also filled the office for 51 years and 9 months. It 
 would be difficult to find in any parish a parallel case of two men having 
 successively held an office for periods amounting to the amazing number 
 of 1031 years.
 
 18 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 THE COINS AND HALBERD. 
 
 One of the engravings of the Tradesmen's Tokens {a) issued at Barton, 
 is a copy of a brass one, in the possession of Mr. J. Pdchardson, of Hidl ; 
 and has on one side a Stag with antlers, round which is "George 
 Brown," on the reverse, " of barton, 1669," encircling " his halfe 
 PENY." The other coin is copper, possessed by Mr. Whitelam, of Caistor, 
 on one side whereof is " george kidson, at the," surrounding a 
 Swan ; on the reverse, " in barton-vpon-hvmber," round " his half 
 PENY." These persons are named in the old Town's book as owning 
 property in the lordship. George Kidson was probably landlord of the 
 "Swan" Inn. 
 
 The weapon of which an engraving is given is a Halberd, {b) and 
 was dug up on the farm of Mr. John Bygott, about 150 years ago; it is 
 now in the possession of Mr. Charles Kawson, of Masbrough. 
 
 («) As early as tlie reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII, leaden tokens of low 
 value were in circulation in England, but it is not known whether they had the 
 sanction of government or not. In the time of Elizabeth also brass, tin, 
 lead, and even leather tokens, although illegal, were in use to a considerable extent, 
 Small change of some kind was felt to be indispensable to grocers, vintners, chandlers, 
 and other retail tradesmen ; but, although a copper coinage was in use much earlier on 
 the continent, and even in Scotland, it was not until the reign of James I that an 
 attempt was made by the English government to meet the wants of the people. He 
 issued a number of farthings, but they did not get into general circulation, and were 
 soon discontinued, and the tokens issued by private traders agaiu prevailed. In the 
 reign of Charles I they became stiU more general ; and as no authorised copper coins 
 were issued during the Commonwealth (the design of an efficient copper coinage, enter- 
 tained by Cromwell, being cut short by his death,) their use became universal. In 1665 
 Charles 11 issued a small number of copper halfpence and farthings from the royal mint, 
 but it was not until 1672 that they were coined in any considerable quantity, so as to 
 supply the long-felt want. Those however that were then issued, being intrinsically of 
 the value for which they passed current, at once almost supei'seded the private tokens, 
 which legal enactments" had been unable to put down. Notwithstanding this, the great 
 profit attending upon their issue tempted a few persons to coin them in spite of the 
 penalties attached to the practice by law. For a short time these maintained an unequal 
 struggle against the authorised coins, but were di-iven out of the field in about two 
 years. No mention is made of them after the end of the year 1674. 
 
 {b) Called by the Danes and Germans, heUe-larde. It seems to have been intended 
 to combine the bill, glaive, and pike. The blade consists of three parts, — the spear, the 
 hatchet, and the flook or hook. The fii-st is intended for tha-usting or charging 
 in battle, the second for cutting, and the third for pulling down works made of 
 fascines, in an attack on trenches or other temporary fortifications. Some halberds are 
 called sword-blade halberds, from the part designed for pushing being like the blade of a 
 sword. The ancient' Danes used a double-edged axe as a weapon, but the name halberd 
 is not met with as an English weapon until the close of the 15th century. The form 
 seen in the plate was introduced into France from Switzerland in the reign of Louis XI, 
 and into England in that of Henry VIII, and it was retained until a comparatively 
 IT cent period. The handle was generally of ash, and was five feet long.
 
 HISTORY OF BARTON. 19 
 
 MISCELLANEA. 
 
 Robert de Barton was bailiff of Hull iu 1301, and John de Barton held 
 the same office in 1336, according to Frost's "Notices;" in which work 
 is a copy of an ancient plan of Hull, of about the middle of the fourteenth 
 century. On the opposite side of the river in this plan is a rude sketch of 
 Barton, represented as having a tower and two spires. Between the 
 town and the Humber is a fortified wall, and near thereto is a ship of war. 
 In very old deeds Eleetgate is called Fleed (or Flood) gate, and the Chapel 
 well (the Holy-dike, now filled up,) is named as being near Chapel lane, 
 between High street, and Eerriby-road end, where is a roofless building, 
 on the site of which tradition says a Chapel once stood. If this is correct, 
 one of the spires, above referred to, may have belonged to this building. 
 
 The original copy of the " Cattalogue of all the names that contributed 
 to a Briefe published for the redemption of the English slaves in 
 Turkeye," dated 16th Oct., 1670, is still extant. It is headed by Edwd. 
 Nclthorpe, gent., 6s. 8d., and Jno. Nelthorpe, gent., 5s.; the other 
 amounts given vary from Id. to 2s. 6d., the total being only £2 12s. 4d. 
 There are 67 names on the list, of which only about a fourth are now 
 known in Barton. 
 
 In 1 730, an extensive Fire occurred at Barton, burning to the groiuid the 
 houses and property on the south side of the Market-place. Damage was 
 done to the amount of about J6700, and a subscription was raised for the 
 benefit of the sufferers. So great was the liberality displayed, that the 
 writer of the account quaintly observes " many of the sufferers were better 
 off after the fire than they were before." 
 
 In 1762, the weather was so violent that several vessels were lost in 
 the Humber, and so severe that two men were starved to death near the 
 town. In the following year much damage was occasioned by a flood. Iu 
 1768, an unusually severe storm occurred, and another in 1817. In 1821 
 the cold was so severe, that a vagrant, who carried a weary companion on 
 the road, on reaching Beacon tree, discovered that he was starved to death. 
 
 The act of parliament for making the turnpike-road from Barton 
 Waterside to Risoholme Hedge was passed in 1765. Beacon hill, 2 miles 
 from the Waterside, is 150 feet above the level of the Market-place. 
 
 The St. Matthew's Lodge, No. 488, of Freemasons, was cstabUshed at 
 Barton, in 1787, and was at that time the only lodge in the county. In 
 a list printed in 1826, are the names of 107 members. 
 
 Nearly fifty years ago a man was indicted at Lincoln assizes for 
 stealing a horse in the parish of Barton. It was objected there were
 
 20 HISTORY OF BARTON. 
 
 two parishes in Barton, St. Mary's and St. Peter's, and therefore that 
 the indictment was defective. The judge held the objection valid, and 
 the man was acquitted. Strange, that the doubtful division of Barton 
 into two parishes once saved a man's life, for horse-stealing was then 
 punishable with hanging. 
 
 In February, 1809, a tree, which had stood upwards of a century, and 
 known by the name of " Mr. Graburn's Rookery Tree," was blown down 
 in a heavy gale. The length of its bole was 22^ feet, the girth 10 feet, and 
 the timber therefrom amounted altogether to 323 cubic feet. 
 
 The original sign of the George Inn was the " George and Dragon." 
 Shortly after the passing of the act regulating the sale of beer, in 1830, 
 16 beer-shops were opened. At present there are 17 licensed houses in 
 the town, of which five are under the new act. 
 
 The late Marmaduke Nelson Graburn, Esq., of Barton, was high sheriff 
 of Lincolnshire in 1807. 
 
 Mr. Acland ran his opposition packet, " Public Opinion/' on Barton 
 ferry for three months in 1831. His bold intrusion caused great excite- 
 ment, and subscriptions were made in Barton and Hull to aid him. The 
 lessees brought an action against him, and won damages one farthing. 
 
 COMMERCE. 
 
 26 Trading Vessels, exclusive of the ferry boats, belong to Barton. 
 They are chiefly engaged in the coasting trade. Fifty years ago, there 
 were only 7. 
 
 From the adaptability of some parts of the soil, and its proximity to 
 the Humber, the manufacture of Bricks and Tiles has long been carried 
 on to a large extent. Mr. MackriU's yard has been worked for more than 
 100 years; the others have been opened during the present century. The 
 average number of hands employed is 75, with 25 additional during the 
 summer months. 
 
 Tanning has long been one of the staple trades. Mr. Johnson's pits, 
 chiefly for the preparation of English and foreign hides, are the oldest. 
 Messrs. Minto's pits were sunk in 1817 ; the saddlery which took the 
 first prize at the Great Exhibition of 1851, was tanned in them. Average 
 number of hands, 25. 
 
 Messrs. Hall's Ropery has been carried on by them since 1803. A fire 
 occiu'red on the premises about fifty years ago, which did damage to the 
 amoimt of several thousand pounds ; about seven years after, there was 
 another fire. During the war with France, immense government stores
 
 HTSTOKY OF BARTON. 21 
 
 were manufactured here. Extensive additions, in new buildings and 
 machinery, have been recently erected ; and the manufacture of sail-cloth 
 has been added. Every description of cordage is made ; the premises are 
 lighted by gas. The average number of hands employed is 100. 
 
 Great quantities of Chalk Stone are annually sent from Mr. Graburn's 
 quarry, which was opened about 1790. From forty to fifty thousand 
 tons have been shipped per annum, affording employment to forty men. 
 Many tons of this stone are yearly converted into Whiting at the mills in 
 the town ; part of this material is for export. 
 
 A large Malting trade is carried on ; the average number of quarters 
 on which the duty of 21s. 8d. per qr. was paid during the last four years 
 being between six and seven thousand. 
 
 Postage Stamps to the value of £400 are annually sold in Barton, 
 being 96,000 single stamps. 
 
 STATISTICS, AND DATES. 
 
 In 1801, the Population of Barton was 1709 ; in 1812, it was 2204 ; 
 in 1818, 2700 ; in 1841, it was 3466. In 1851, when the last census 
 was taken, it numbered 3866, of which 1830 were males, and 2036 
 females ; exceeding the total population of the neighbouring villages of 
 Ulceby, Wootton, Thornton, Ferriby, Horkstow, Saxby, and Bonby ; and 
 showing an increase of 2157 in fifty years, and 400 during the last ten 
 years. The number of Houses in 1841 was 826, and in 1851 there were 
 894, showing an increase of 68 houses in the ten years. 
 
 In 1736, eighty-three acres of land in Barton were sold for £300, 
 being at the rate of £3 lis. Id. per acre : £75 is now the average price. 
 
 Barton is assessed to the relief of the poor in the sum of £13061 1 5s.; 
 in 1822, the rateal)lc value was £4254 10s.; and in 1833, it was 
 £4417 17s. 6d. Last year £831 was expended on account of the Highways, 
 and £3000 on account of the Poor, 
 
 The Property and Income Tax assessment is over £20,000. 
 
 216 persons in the town are qualified to vote for county members. 
 
 The Gas Works were erected in 1846, and cost upwards of £3000, in- 
 cluding site (1887 square yards,) plant, mains, street lamps, and incidental 
 expenses. Considerable extensions and improvements have been since 
 made ; in the present year the retort-house and other buildings have been 
 enlarged, and a new gas-holder put down, to hold 35,000 cubic feet. The 
 consumption has more than trebled since 1852; there are 210 private 
 consumers, and 67 public lamps.
 
 23 HISTORY OF BARTON, 
 
 The Corn Excliange was built in 1853, and cost about £1000 ; the 
 Police Station, with magistrates' room, and superintendent's house, in 
 1847 ; and the Temperance Hall, in 1843, cost ^£700. 
 
 The branch line of the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire railway, 
 from New Holland to Barton, distance 3^ miles, was laid in 1849 ; and a 
 new station erected in 1855. The annual receipts are estimated at £3000. 
 
 The Old Priendly society was formed in 1787, at the "King's head" 
 (the premises now occupied by Mr. Armitage ;) number of members, 40. 
 The New Friendly society originated in 1838, the members number 96; 
 the lodge of Odd Fellows in 1835, number of members 140 ; and the 
 Saving Fund and Equitable Loan society in 1851. 
 
 Besides numerous sectarian societies for religious and benevolent 
 objects, 400 tickets are annually issued by the Assistant Clothing society. 
 
 The Yarborough Association for the prosecution of felons was formed 
 in 1787; present number of members 65. The first Flower Show was 
 held in 1849 ; and the first Poultry Show, in 1853. 
 
 The Wesleyan Chapel was built in 1816, and cost upwards of £1500 ; 
 it was considerably enlarged, and Sunday school room, &c., built in 1839, 
 costing more than £1500, and an organ was put in by private subscrip- 
 tion, by Mr. Postill, of York ; the number of sittings is nearly 800. The 
 Day-schools were built in 1845, and enlarged five years afterwards ; about 
 200 scholars attend. The Independent chapel was erected in 1806, the 
 Primitive Methodist chapel in 1838, and the Catholic chapel in 1840. 
 
 The total number of scholars attending Sunday schools in Barton is 
 538, under the care of 99 teachers. Of these, 111 scholars, 13 teachers, 
 attend the Church; 80 scholars, 15 teachers, the Independent chapel; 
 130 scholars, 27 teachers, the Primitive chapel ; and 217 scholars, 44 
 teachers, the Wesleyan chapel. 
 
 The National School was built in 1844, at a cost of upwards £1000. 
 Of this sum, £300 were granted by the Privy Council, £250 by the 
 National Society, £25 by Her Majesty's Commissioners of Woods and 
 Forests, and £25 by the Lincoln Diocesan Board of Education, the residue 
 Avas supplied by the contributions of the inhabitants and others interested 
 in the education of the poor. The school buildings consist of a room for 
 150 boys, one for 150 girls, and another for 100 infants. The inf;vnt 
 school has been for some years closed. The church Sunday school is 
 held in this building.
 
 23 
 
 ENGRAVINGS 
 
 Fkontispiece : — The Vicarage, St. 
 
 Peter's Church, Tyrwhitt Hall. 
 St. Mary's Church. 
 The Roman Urn, and Halberd, 
 
 FOUND at Barton. 
 
 Two Coins issued at Barton. 
 Brass of Simon Seman, in St. Mary's. 
 The Old Ferry Boat House. 
 Two Figures in Stained Glass, in 
 St. Peter's. 
 
 The Churches eire from finely-executed Photographs by the Bev. G. L. Burgc. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Armour, in St. Peter's, 57 
 
 Barton, origin of name, clay walls of, 5 ; 
 street, 7 ; ancient roads and boundaries 
 of, 7 ; Thornton abbey, property of at, 
 10; serfdom in, 16; monasteries hold- 
 ing property in, 16 ; wool, unlawful 
 exportation ft'om, 21 ; its merchants' 
 giuld, 24; rental of at dissolution, 30 ; 
 former residents of, 47 
 
 Brunuenburgh, battle of, 2 
 
 Butts, origin of, 6 
 
 Bardney abbey, freedom of from toll, 14 ; 
 the manor given to, 16 ; account of it, 
 28 ; disputes of, 30 
 
 Beaumont, the family of, 16, 57; cove- 
 nant, 25 
 
 Briland John, security of, 20 
 
 BorviU, Luke, of Barton, 23 
 
 Beaumoncotc, 02 
 
 Bells, church, 59, 60; Barley, 67 
 
 Blow wells, 66 
 
 Byfleete, \Vm., indentare respecting, 40 
 
 Castle, 6, 30 ; castledikes, 6 
 
 Colun, Robert le, complaint against, 20 
 
 Copyholds, customs of, 37 
 
 Churches, the, 53 ; St. Peter's, 54 ; St. 
 Mary's, 59 
 
 Chantry, the, 61 
 
 Charities, list of the, 72 
 
 Domesday account of Barton, 3 ; prices, 
 15 ; Ferriby, mention of in, 5 
 
 Edward 1st, passage of the Humbcr, 22 
 
 Ferry boat house, the old, 67 
 
 Free Warren, 25 
 
 Fi'aukpledge, view of, 28 
 
 Ferry, 35 ; history of the, 39 ; chancery 
 
 suit respecting, 40 
 Figures, stained glass, in St. Peter's, 56 
 Gant De, family of, 8 ; dispute of, 14 ; 
 
 possessions of, 8 ; grants of, 16, 28 ; 
 
 tollage belonging to, 20; complaint 
 
 against the bailiff of, 21 
 Gilbert Magister, extortion of, 17 
 Gastrick, John de, petition of, 24 
 Hill, Elias de, tonsured for killing, 22 
 In capite, holdings of, 23 
 Interregnum, 31 ; survey during the, 32 
 Inclosure, the, 69 
 Introduction, 1 
 
 Kydale, Adam de, pleas in Banco, 26 
 Lincoln, freedom of from toU, 19 
 Lay, John de, complaint concerning, 20 
 Long, the family of, 64 
 Market and Fair, 17 ; fairs, origin of, 18 
 ^larsh, little, petition respecting, 23 
 Money, comparative table of, 15 
 Manor, customs of the, 36 
 Moot hall, the, 65 
 Nellhorpc family, the, 64 
 Nomenclature of streets, &c„ 68 
 Ormesby, prior of, 21 
 Pavagium, grants of, 20 
 Parishes, origin of two, 53 
 Quinzcmc, 22 
 Records, the public, 19 
 Rectorv, the, 47
 
 24 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Simon Seman, brass of, 60 
 
 Sparrow-hawk, tenure by a, 23 
 
 Secbeville, Ralph de, agreement of, 11 
 
 Ships, sent from Barton, 27 
 
 Tithes, the, 52 
 
 Town's Book, the old, 86 
 
 Tyrwhitt family, the, 43 
 
 Ulf, the property of^ 4, 5 
 
 Uppleby family, the, 45 
 
 Urn, the Roman, 65 
 
 Vicarage, the, 50 
 
 Vicars, list of, 61 
 
 Vesci John de, covenant of, 25 
 
 Water MiUs, 4, 30, 65 
 
 Waytskaye, Alan, complaint against, 20 
 
 Wrotham, "William de, compotus of, 22 
 
 Waifs and wrecks, 20 
 
 Part Second. 
 
 Barton, previous to, and during Crom- 
 well's time, 1 
 Churchwardens' books, the, 6 
 Coaches, the, 2 
 Coins, the, 18 
 Commerce, 20 
 Epitaphs, 17 
 Halberd, the, 18 
 Invasion, the, 15 
 Harris' Bankruptcy, 10 
 Miscellanea, 19 
 Statistics, and Dates, 21 
 Towns' book, the old, 2 
 Volunteers, the, 10 
 
 ERRATA ET ADDENDA. 
 
 Page 4, note d, leave out " were enabled to exeeute." 
 
 Id part of the impression only : Page 4, line 18, for Anglo-Saxons, lead "Anglo-Saxon." Page 5, line 28, read 
 
 " disposition of the place." P. 6, line 18, for south, read " north." P. 7. line 15, for middle, read "part." 
 Page 42, line 35, for gentleman, read " gentlemen." 
 
 Since printing page 43, line 2, the Ferry has been leased to Mr. W. Wilkinson, of Barton. 
 Page 59, line 20, for lancet, read " lancets." Line 24, for south, read " north." 
 Page 55, line 32, for it, read "its area." 
 
 Babiom ■. Pbinibd at the OrncB, Mabkei-sibeei, bi M. Ball.
 
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 OF STANDARD "WOEKS. 5 
 
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 OF BTAKDABD WOEKS. 11 
 
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 OF STANDARD WORKS. 13 
 
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 CLASSIFIED INDEX. 
 
 Agriculture and Rural 
 
 Affairs. Pages. 
 
 BayUion Un valuing Rents. &c. - f 
 
 Caiid's Letters on Agriculture - 5 
 
 Cecil's Stud Farm - . - 6 
 
 Loudon's Agriculture - - - 13 
 
 Low's Elements of Agriculture - U 
 
 " Domesticated Animals - 13 
 M'Intosh & Kemp's Year-I^ook for 
 
 tlie Country - - - -11 
 
 Arts^ Manufactures, and 
 Architecture, 
 
 Arnolt on Ventilation - - - 3 
 
 Bourne Un the Screw Propeller - 4 
 
 Brande's Dictionary ofScience,&c, 4 
 
 *' Organic Chemistry- - 4 
 
 Chevreul on Colour - - - - G 
 
 Cresy's Civil Engineering - - 7 
 
 Eaetlake Un Oil Painting - - 7 
 
 Fairhairn's Informa. for Engineers 8 
 
 Gwilt's Encvclo. of Architecture - 8 
 
 Herling on Paper-Making - - 9 
 
 Jameson' Sacred & Legendary Art U 
 
 ** Commonplace- Book - 10 
 
 Konig's Pictotial Life of Luther - 8 
 
 Loudon's Rural Architecture - 13 
 
 Most'ley's Engineering - - - 17 
 
 Piesse's Art of Perfumery - - - 18 
 
 Richardson's Art of Horsemanship 18 
 
 Scrivenor on the Iron Trade - - 19 
 
 Stark's Printing - - - - 23 
 
 Steam Engine, hy the Artisan Club 4 
 
 Tate on Strength of Materials - 21 
 
 L're's Dictionary of Arts, &c. - 22 
 
 Biography. 
 
 Arago's Autobiography - - 23 
 
 „ Lives of Scientific Men - 3 
 
 Bodenstedt and Wagner's Schamyl 23 
 
 Buckingham's (J. S.) Memoirs - 5 
 
 Bunsen's Hippnlytus . - - 5 
 
 Clinton's (Fvnes; Autobiography 6 
 
 Cockayne's Marshal'l'ureime - 23 
 
 Dennistoun's Strange ife t^umisden 7 
 
 Furster's De Foe and C:hurchill - 23 
 
 Haydon's Autobiography, by Taylor 9 
 
 IJayward's hesterfield and Selwyn 23 
 
 Holcrolt'^ Memoirs - - ' - 23 
 
 Lardner's Cabmet Cyclopaedia - 12 
 
 Maunder's Biographical Treasury- 15 
 
 Memoir of the Duke of "Wellington 23 
 
 Memoirs of James Montgomery - Iti 
 
 Meriv ale's Memt)irs of (.'icero - 15 
 
 Russell's Mtmoirs of Moore - - 17 
 
 •* Life of Lord Wm. Russell 19 
 
 St. John's Audubon - - - 19 
 
 Soutliey's Life of Wesley - - 21 
 
 ** Life and Correspondence 2n 
 
 ** Select C'orres[)ondeiice - '.'(i 
 
 Stephen's EccUsiastieal Biography 21 
 
 Sydney Smith's Memoirs - - 20 
 
 Taylor's Loyola - - - - 21 
 
 '* Wesley - - - - 21 
 
 W'aterton'e Autobiographv&Essayp 22 
 
 Wheeler's Life of Herodotus - 24 
 
 Books of General Utility. 
 
 Alston's < -ookery - - - - 3 
 
 Black's Treatise on Brewing - - 4 
 
 Cabinet Gazetteer - - - - 5 
 
 *' Lawyer - - - - 5 
 
 Cust's Invalid's Own Book - - 7 
 
 Gilbarfs Logic for the Million - 8 
 
 Hintii on Etiquette . - _ 9 
 
 How to Nurse Sick Children - - 10 
 
 Hudson'sExecutor's Guide - - 10 
 
 " On Making Wilis - - 10 
 
 Kestevcn'8 Domestic Medicine - 11 
 
 Lardner's Caltinet Cyelopn*dia - 12 
 
 Maunder's Treasury of Knowledge 13 
 
 " Biographical Treasury 15 
 
 " Scientific Treasury - 15 
 
 " Trt.if-ury of History - 15 
 
 " Natural History - - 15 
 
 Piesse'8 Art of Perfumery - - - 18 
 
 Piseator's Cookery of Fish - - 18 
 
 Pocket and the Stud - - - 9 
 
 Pycroft*8 English Reading - - 18 
 
 Reece'fi Medical Guide - - - IS 
 
 Pages. 
 
 Rich's Comp. to Latin Dictionary 13 
 
 Richardson's Art of Horsemanship 18 
 
 Riddle'sLatin Dictionaries - - 18 
 
 Roget's English Thesauius - - 19 
 
 Rowton'3 Debater - - - - 19 
 
 Short Whist ----- 20 
 
 Thomson's Interest Tables - - 22 
 
 Webster's Domestic Economy - 22 
 
 West on Children's Diseases - - 24 
 
 Willich's Popular Tables - - 24 
 
 Wilmot's Blackstone - - - 24 
 
 Botany and Gardening. 
 
 Hooker's British Flora - - - 9 
 
 *' Guide to Kew Gardens - 9 
 
 *' •* " Kew Museum - 9 
 
 Lindley's Introduction to Botany 13 
 
 " Theory of Horticulture - 13 
 
 Loudon's Hortus Britannicus - 13 
 
 " Amateur Gardener - 13 
 
 '* Trees and Shrubs - - 13 
 
 ** Gardening - - - 13 
 
 '' Plants - - - 13 
 
 M'Intosh & Kemp's Year-Book for 
 
 the Country - . • - 14 
 
 Pereira's Materia Medica - - 17 
 
 Uivers's Rose Amateur's Guide - 18 
 
 Wilson's British Mosses - - 24 
 
 Chronology. 
 
 Blair's Chronological Tables - 4 
 
 Brewer's Historical Atlas - - - 4 
 
 Bunsen's Ancient Egypt - - 5 
 
 Haydn's Beitson's Index - - 9 
 
 Jaquemet's Chronology - - H 
 Johns A: Nicolas' Calendar of Victory, II 
 
 Nicolas's Chronology of History - 12 
 
 Coxnnierce and Mercantile 
 Affairs. 
 
 Francis's stock Exchange - - 8 
 
 Gilbart * Treatise on Banking - 8 
 
 Lorimer's Young Master Mariner Ft 
 
 Mac Leod's Banking - - - 11 
 M*CuIloch'BCommerce& Navigation 14 
 
 Scrivenor on Iron Trade • - 19 
 
 Thomson's Interest Tables - - 22 
 
 Tooke's History of Prices - - 22 
 
 Tuson's British Consul's Manual- 23 
 
 Criticism, History^ and 
 
 Memoirs- 
 Austin's Germany - - - - 3 
 Blair's Chron. and Histor. Tables - 4 
 Brewer's Historical Atlas - . - 4 
 Bunsen's Ancient Kg) pt - - 5 
 ** Hippolytus - - - 5 
 Burton's History of Scc-lland - 5 
 Cluipman's Gustavus Adolj)hus - fi 
 Conybeare and Howson's Nt. Paul G 
 Eastlake's History of t)il Painting 7 
 Erskine'a History of India - - 7 
 Francis's Annals of Life Assurance 8 
 Gleig's Leipsic Campaign - - 23 
 Gurney's Historical Sketches - 8 
 Hamilton's Essays from the Edin- 
 burgh Review - - - - 8 
 Haydon's Autobiography, by Taylor 9 
 Jeffrey's (Lord) C'ontributions - 11 
 Johns and Nicholas's Calendar of 
 
 Victory - - - - - 11 
 
 Kemble's Anglo-Saxons - - 11 
 
 Lardner's Cabinet Cycloptedia - 12 
 
 Le Quesnc's History of Jersey - 11 
 
 Macaulay'e Crit. and Hist. Essays 14 
 
 History of England - U 
 
 " Speeelies - - - 14 
 
 Mackin*osh's Miscellaneous AVorks U 
 
 ** History of England - 14 
 
 M'CuUoch'sGeogiapliicalDictionary 14 
 
 Manstein's Memoirs of Russia - 14 
 
 Maundtr's Treasury of History - 15 
 
 Memoir of the Duke of Wellington 23 
 
 Merivale's History of Rome - - 15 
 
 ** Pvoman Bepublic- - 15 
 
 Milner's Church History - - 16 
 
 Moore's (Thomas) Memoirs, &c. - 17 
 
 Mure's Greek Literature - 17 
 
 Raikes's Journal - - - - 18 
 
 Ranke's Ferdinand & Maximilian 23 
 
 Pages. 
 
 Rich's Comp. to Latin Dictionary 18 
 
 Riddle's Latin Dictionaries - 18 
 
 Rogers' Essays from Edinb. Review, 19 
 
 Roget's English Thesaurus - - 19 
 
 Russell's (Lady Rachel) Letters - 19 
 
 " Life of Lord W. Russell 19 
 
 Schmitz's History of Greece - 19 
 
 Smitli's Sacred Annals - - 20 
 
 Southey's Doctor - - - - 21 
 
 Stephen's Ecclesiastical Riot .aphy 21 
 
 " Lectures on French ii story 21 
 
 Sydney Smith's Works - • - 20 
 
 " Select Works - 23 
 
 ** Lectures - - 20 
 
 " Memoirs - - 20 
 
 Taylor's Loyola - _ . - 21 
 
 ** "^Vesley - - - - 21 
 
 Thirlwall's Historyof Greece - 21 : 
 
 Tliornbury's Shakspeare's England 22 
 
 Tounsend's State Trials - - 22 
 
 Turkey and Christendom - - 23 
 
 Turner's Anglo-Saxons - - 2i 
 
 " Middle Ages - - 22 
 
 " Sacred Hist, of the World 22- 
 
 Vehse's Austrian Court - - - 22 
 
 Wbitelocke's Swedish Embassy - 24 
 
 Woods' Crimean Campaign - - 24 
 
 Young's Christ of History - - 24 
 
 Geography and Atlases. 
 
 A^ro^vsmith's Geogr. Diet, of Bible 3 
 
 Bie\ver's Historical Atlas - - 4 
 Butler's Geography aud Atlases - 5 
 Cabinet Gazetteer - - - - 5 
 
 Cornwall, its Mines, t&c. - - 23 
 
 Durrieu's Morocco - - - 23 
 
 Hughes's Australian Colonies - 23 
 
 Johnston's General Gazetteer - 1 [ 
 
 Lewis's English Rivers - - 13 
 
 M'CuUoch'sGeograpbicalDictionary 14 
 
 *' Russia and Turkey - 23 
 
 Milner's Baltic Sea - - - IG 
 
 *' Crimea - - - - 16 
 
 " Russia - - - - 15 
 
 Murray's Encvclo. of Geography - 17 
 
 Sharp's British Gazetteer - - 'li) 
 
 Wheeler's Geography of Herodotus 24 
 
 Juvenile Books. 
 
 Amy Herbert - - - - 19 
 
 Cleve Hull ---__];) 
 
 Earl's Daughter (The) - - . m 
 
 Experience of Life - - - 19 
 
 Gertrude - - - - 19 
 
 Gilbarfs Logic for the Young - 8 
 
 Howitt's Boy's Country Book - JO 
 
 *' (Mary) Children's Year - 10 
 
 Katharine Ashton - - - 19 
 
 I.aneton Parsonage - - - 19 
 
 Mrs Marcet's Conversations - - 15 
 
 Margaret Percival - - - - 19 
 
 Pycroft's English Reading - - 18 
 
 Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 Br(»die's I'sychological Inquiries - 4 
 
 Bull's Hints to Mothers - - - 5 
 
 *' Managemtntof Chihlren - 5 
 
 Copland's Dictionary of Medicine - fi 
 
 Cust's Invalid's Own Book - - 7 
 
 Holland's Mental Physiology - » 
 
 ** Medical Notes and Reflect. 9 
 
 How to Nurse Sick Children - - 10 
 
 Kesteven's Domestic Medicine - 11 
 
 Latham On Diseases of tiie Heart - 1 1 
 
 Pereira On Food and Diet - - 17 
 
 Pereira's Materia Medica - - 17 
 
 Reece's Mechi-al Guide - - - IB 
 
 U'pst on Diseases ol Infanry - - 24 
 
 Miscellaneous and General 
 Literature. 
 
 Austin's Sketches of German Life 3 
 
 Carlisle's Lecturf 8 and Addresses 23 
 
 Chalybreus'Speculative Pliilosophy 6 
 
 Defence of Echpse of Faith . - 7 
 
 Eclipse of Faiili - - - 7 
 
 Greg's Pol'tical and Social Essays 8 
 
 Gurney's Evening Recreations - 8 
 
 Hassall on Adulteration of Fcoi - 9 
 
 Havdn'8 Book of Dignities - - 9 
 
 Holland's Mental Physiology - 9 
 
 Hooker's Kew Guide? - - - 9
 
 CLASSIFIED INDEX. 
 
 Pages. 
 Howitt's Rural Life of England - 10 
 " Visitsto RemarkablePlaces JO 
 Jameson's Commonplace-Book - 10 
 Jeffrey's (Lord) Contributions - 11 
 Last of the Old Squires - - 17 
 
 Macaulay's Crit. and Hist. Essays 14 
 " Speeches - - - 14 
 
 Mackintosh's .Miscellaneous Works 14 
 Memoirs of a Maitred'Armes - 23 
 MaiUand's Churchin the Catacombs 14 
 
 Martineau's Miscellanies 
 Pascal's Works, by Pearce - 
 Printing : Its Origin, &c. 
 Pycrolt's English Reading - 
 Rich's Comp. to Latin Dictionary 
 Riddle's Latin Dictionaries - 
 Rowton's Debater 
 
 15 
 17 
 23 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 19 
 Seawards Narrative of his Shipwreck20 
 
 20 
 20 
 21 
 21 
 23 
 23 
 21 
 21 
 21 
 21 
 21 
 22 
 22 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 
 Sir Roger de Coverley - 
 Smith's (Rev. Sydney) Works 
 Southey's Common-place Books - 
 
 The Doctor &c. 
 Souvestre's Attic Philosopher 
 
 " Confessions of a Working Man 
 Spencer's Psychology - 
 Steplien's Essays - - - - 
 Stow's Training System 
 Strachey's Hebrew Politics - 
 Tagart on Locke's Writings - 
 Thomson's Laws of Thought 
 Townscnd's State Trials 
 WiUich's Popular Tables 
 Yonge's English-Greek Lexicon - 
 
 ** Latin (iradus 
 Zumpt's Latin Grammar 
 
 Natural History in general. 
 
 CatloWs Popular Conchology - 6 
 Ephemeraand Young On tlie Salmon 8 
 Gosse's Nat. Hist, of Jamaica - '^ 
 Kemp's Natural Hist, of Creation 
 Kirby and Spence's Entomolog> - 
 Lee's Elements of Natural History 
 Mann on Reproduction 
 Maunder's Natural History - 
 Turton'sShellsoftheBritishlslands 22 
 VonTschudi's Sketches in the Alps 23 
 Waterton's Essays on Natural Hist. 22 
 Youatt's The Dog - - - - 24 
 " The Horse - - - 24 
 
 1-Volume Encyclopsedias 
 and Dictionaries. 
 
 Arrowsmith's Geogr. Diet, of Bible 3 
 
 blame's Rural Sports - - - 4 
 
 Brande's Science, Literature,* Art 4 
 
 Copland's Dictionary of Medicine - 6 
 
 Cresy's Civil Engineering - 7 
 
 Gwilt's Architecture - - - 8 
 
 Johnston's Geographical Dictionary U 
 
 Loudon's Agriculture - - - 13 
 
 " Rural Architecture - 13 
 
 ** Gardening - - - 13 
 
 " Plants - - - - 13 
 
 " Trees and Shrubs - - 13 
 
 M'CuUoch's Geographical Dictionary 14 
 
 " Dictionary of Commerce 14 
 
 Murray's Encyclo. of Geography - 17 
 
 Sharp's British Gazetteer - - 20 
 
 Ure s Dictionary of Arts, &c. - - 22 
 
 Webster's Domestic Economy - 22 
 
 Religicus & Moral 'Works. 
 
 Amv Herbert - . - - 19 
 
 Arrowsmith's Geogr. Diet, of Bible a 
 
 Bloomfield's Greek Testament - 4 
 
 *< Annotations on do. - 4 
 
 Bode's Bampton Lectures - - 4 
 
 Calvert's Wife's Manual - - 6 
 
 Clcve Hall ----- 19 
 
 Conybeare's Essays - - - 6 
 
 Conybeare and Howson's St. Paul 6 
 
 Dale's Domestic Liturgy - - - 7 
 
 Defence of Eclipse of Faith - - 7 
 
 DesprezOn the .\pocalypse - 7 
 
 Discipline ----- 7 
 
 Earl's Daughter (The) - - - 19 
 
 Eclipse of I- aith - - - 7 
 
 Englishman's Greek Concordance 7 
 
 Englishman'sHeb&Chald. Concord. 7 
 
 Experience of Life (The) - 19 
 
 Gertrude ----- 19 
 
 Harrison's Light of the Forge - 8 
 
 Hook's Lectui-eson Passion Week 9 
 
 Home's Introduction to Scriptures 10 
 
 " Abridsment of ditto - 10 
 
 " Communicant's Companion 9 
 
 Jameson's Sacred Legends - - 11 
 
 " Monastic Legends- - 11 
 
 " Leeendsr.ftheMadonna 11 
 
 " Sisters of Charity - 10 
 
 Jeremy Taylor's Works - - - 11 
 
 Kalisch's Commentary on .Ei-orfKS - 11 
 
 Katharine Ashton - - - 19 
 
 Konig's Pictorial Life of Luther - 8 
 
 Pages. 
 
 Laneton Parsonage - - - 19 
 
 Letters to my Unknown Friends - 11 
 
 ** on Happiness - - - 11 
 Long's Inquiry concerning Religion, 13 
 
 Lyra Gernianica - _ - 5 
 
 Maitland's Church in Catacombs - 14 
 
 Margaret Percival - - - - 19 
 
 Mai tineau's Christian Life - - 15 
 
 Milner's Church of Christ - - 16 
 
 Montgomery's Original Hymns - 16 
 
 Moore On the Use of the Body - 16 
 
 " " Soul and Body - 16 
 
 " 's Man and his Motives - 10 
 
 Mormonism - - - - 23 
 
 Neale's Closing Scene - - - 17 
 
 Newman's (J. H.) Discourses - 17 
 
 Ranke's b'erdinand & Maximilian 23 
 
 Readings for Lent - - - 19 
 
 '* Confirmation - - 19 
 Robins against the Roman Church, 19 
 Robinson's Lexicon to the Greek 
 
 Testament ----- 19 
 
 Saints our Example - - - 19 
 
 Sermon in the Mount - - 20 
 
 Sinclair's Journey of Life - - 20 
 Smith's (Sydney)'Moral Philosophy 20 
 
 " (G.) Sacred Annals - - 20 
 
 Southey's Life of Wesley - - 21 
 
 Stephen's Ecclesiastical Biography 21 
 
 Tayler's (J. J.) Discourses - - 21 
 
 Taylor's Loyola - - - 21 
 
 " Wesley - - - - 21 
 
 Theologia Germanica - - - 5 
 
 Thomson on the Atonement - - 22 
 
 Thumb Bible (The) - - 22 
 
 Turner's Sacred History- - - 22 
 
 Twining's Bible Types - - - '22 
 
 Wheeler's Popular Rible Harmony 24 
 
 Young's Christ of History - - 24 
 
 " Mjstery of Time - - 24 
 
 Poetry and tiie Drania. 
 
 Arnold's Poems - - - - 3 
 
 Aikin's (Dr. 1 British Poets - - 3 
 
 Baillie's (Joanna) Poetical Works 3 
 
 Bode's Ballads from Herodotus - 4 
 
 Calvert's Wife's JIanual - - 6 
 
 *' Pneuma - - - - 6 
 
 Flowers and their Kindred Thoughts U 
 
 Goldsmith's Poems, illustrated - 8 
 
 L. E. L.'s Poetical Works - - 13 
 
 Linwood's Anthologia Oxoniensis- 13 
 
 Lyra Germanica - - - - 5 
 
 Macaulav's Lavs of Ancient Rome 14 
 
 Mac Donald's Within and Without 14 
 
 Montgomery's Poetical Works - 16 
 
 *' Original Hymns - 16 
 
 Moore's Poetical Works - - 16 
 
 Lalla Rookh - - - 16 
 
 '* Irish Melodies - - - 16 
 
 " Songs and Ballads - - 16 
 
 Reade's Man'in Paradise - - 18 
 
 Shakspearc, by Bowdler - - 20 
 
 Southey's Poetical Works - - 21 
 
 " British Poets - - - 21 
 
 Thomson's Seasons, illustrated - 22 
 
 Political Econonxy and 
 Statistics. 
 
 Caird's Letters onAgriculture - 5 
 
 Census of '.bol - " " " H 
 
 Dodd's Food of London - - 7 
 
 Greg's Political and Social Essays 8 
 
 LainE's Notes of a Traveller- - 23 
 
 M'CuUoch's Geog. Statist. &c. Diet. 14 
 " Dictionary of Commerce 14 
 
 " London - - - 23 
 
 Iklarcet's Political Economy - - 15 
 
 Rickards On Population & Capital 18 
 
 Tegoborski's Russian Statistics - 21 
 
 Willich's Popular Tables - - 24 
 
 The Sciences in general 
 and Mathematics. 
 
 Arago's Meteorological Essays - 3 
 
 " Popular Astronomy - - 3 
 
 Bourne On the Screw Propeller - 4 
 
 Brande's Dictionary of Science, &c. 4 
 
 " Lectures on Organic Chemistry 4 
 
 Brougham and Routh's Frincipia 5 
 
 Cresy's Civil Engineering - - 7 
 DelaBeche'sGeologyorCornwall,&c. 7 
 
 De la Rive's Electricity - - 7 
 
 Faraday's Non Metallic Elements 8 
 
 Grove's Correla. of Physical Forces 8 
 
 Herschel's Outlines ol Astronomy 9 
 
 Holland's Mental Physiology - 9 
 
 Humboldt's -\spects of Nature - 10 
 
 " Cosmos - - - 10 
 
 Hunt On Light - " " JV 
 
 Kemp's Pliasis of Matter - - II 
 
 Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia - 12 
 
 Mann on Reproduction - - - 14 
 
 Pages. 
 
 Marcet's (Mrs.) Conversations - 15 
 Moseley'sEngineeringA Architecture 17 
 
 Owen's Lectures on Comp. Anatomy 17 
 
 Our Coal Fields and our Coal Pits 23 
 
 Pereira on Polarised Light - - 17 
 
 Peschel's Elements of Pliysics - 17 
 
 Phillips's Fossils of Cornwall, &c. IS 
 
 *' Mineralogy - - 17 
 
 " Guide to Geology - - 18 
 
 Portlock's Geology of Londonderry 18 
 
 Powell's Unity of Worlds - - 18 
 
 Smee's Electro-.Metallurgy - - 20 
 
 Steam Engine (The) - - - 4 
 
 Tate On Strength of Materials - 21 
 
 Wilson's Electric Telegraph - - 23 
 
 R'ural Sports. 
 
 Baker's Rifle and Hound in Ceylon 3 
 
 Berkeley's Reminiscences - - 4 
 
 Blaine's Dictionary of Sports - ^ 
 
 Cecil's Stable Practice - - - 6 
 
 " Records of the Chase - - 6 
 
 " Stud Farm - - - - 6 
 
 The Cricket-Field - - - - 7 
 
 Davy's Piscatorial Colloquies- - 7 
 
 Ephemera On Angling - - - 8 
 
 " Book of the Salmon - 8 
 
 Hawker's Young Sportsman - - 9 
 
 Tlie Hunting-Field . - - 8 
 
 Idle's Hints on Shooting - - 10 
 
 Pocket and the Stud - - - 9 
 
 Practical Horsemanship - - 9 
 
 Richardson's Horsemanship - - 18 
 
 Stable Talk and Table Talk - - 8 
 
 Stonehenge On the Greyhound 21 
 
 The Stud", for Practical Purposes - 9 
 
 Veterinary Medicine, &c. 
 
 Cecil's Stable Practice - - 6 
 
 " Stud Farm . - - 6 
 
 Hunting Field (The) - - - 8 
 
 Miles's Horse-Shoeing - - - 15 
 
 " On the Horse's Foot - - 15 
 
 Pocket and the Stud - - - 9 
 
 Practical Horsemanship - - 9 
 
 Richardson's Horsemanship - 18 
 
 Stable Talk and Table Talk - - 8 
 
 Stud (The) _ - - - 8 
 
 Youatt's The Dog - - - - 24 
 
 " The Horse - - - 24 
 
 Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Allen's Dead Sea - - 
 Raines's Vaudois of Piedmont 
 fiaker's Wanderings in Ceylon 
 Barrow's Continental Tour - 
 Barth's African Travels 
 Burton's Medina and Mecca - 
 Carlisle's Turkey and Greece 
 De Custine's Russia 
 Duberly's Jomnal of the War 
 Eothen ------ 
 
 Ferguson's Swiss Travels 
 Forester's Rambles in Norway 
 Gironiere's Philippines - 
 Gregorovius's Corsica - - - 
 Hiirs Travels in Siberia 
 Hope's Brittany and the Bible 
 
 " Chase in Brittany 
 Howitt's Art-Student in Munich - 
 
 " (W.) Victoria - 
 Hue's Chinese Empire - - - 
 Hue and Gabet's Tartary .& Thibet 
 Hughes's Australian Colonies 
 Humboldt's Aspects of Nature - 
 Hutchinson's African Exploration 
 Jameson's Canada - - - - 
 Kennard's Eastern Tour 
 Jerrmann's St. Petersburg - 
 Laing's Norway - - - - 
 
 " Notes of a Traveller 
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