CLECTJC
 
 THE ] [BRARY 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CAL [FORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 ^ / 
 
 i
 
 SHORTHAND COMPANION 
 
 -FOR THE USK OF 
 
 Business Colleges, Public Schools, 
 
 Teachers and Private 
 
 Students. 
 
 A COMELETE SELF INSTRUCTOR 
 
 CONTAIXIXli 
 
 All the Principles of Eclectic Shorthand Pres- 
 ented in the shortest and most 
 Natural Way.
 
 COPYRIGHTED 
 
 1894.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The object of this book is to present Eclectic Short- 
 hand in a clear condensed manner, according to the 
 methods used by the author in presenting it in the 
 Shorthand Department of his school and to induce stu- 
 dents to write their notes as short as possible. 
 
 Some rules and principles are introduced not found 
 in any other text-book. Every principle in the system 
 2 is dearly illustrated and all words and phrases written 
 .-is short as they can be, from the very beginning, so that 
 J there is nothing to be learned over again, in order to 
 f.-3 make the students' notes adequate, as is necessary in 
 13 many other systems and text-books. 
 
 For convenience in referring to any principle or 
 
 JJ point desired, the matter is condensed and all super- 
 
 M fluou.s matter omitted. Often books are made large by 
 
 ? adding superfluous matter in order to sell them for a 
 
 larger price, but practical convenience is the end desired 
 
 in this case and we believe the matter is so simple and 
 
 p the arrangement and development so natuial that the 
 
 3 average public school student will have no difficulty in 
 
 thoroughly mastering the art. 
 
 W. L. Mi/SICK, 
 Author and Publisher. 
 
 Sl'HIXGKIEIJ). Mo. 

 
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 GRAPHS. 
 
 C TlCAiR ULES. 
 
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 f / 
 
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 ^$-i4^#s[^iZcd/nd4/ ^/. 
 
 y 
 
 X *ffl&^^ 
 
 S^' ' 
 
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 / ^SS+\ / / /? 
 
 /C^A^^d^l^ZJ^d^ ' '/Ca^jZ&4d6y/ ^ 
 
 " " / / V 
 
 ^^zM^bt^rm&fyf 
 
 /^ Xy ^,^T,?/ 
 
 &Ld 
 
 ^ -e^zxc^ 
 
 t&,^ 
 .*f~
 
 ,5v^ 
 
 jy *- / '*
 
 Frequent, words which should be learned 
 so that they can be written without hes- 
 itation. You must know them like you know 
 figures . 
 
 f - 
 
 froju^ 
 
 before.,^ 
 
 that 
 
 to 
 
 ) 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 o 
 
 was 
 
 whiles 
 
 they 
 
 thera^ 
 
 had 
 
 can 
 
 get^ 
 
 over. 
 
 when 
 
 know 
 
 
 
 /_ 
 
 
 n 
 
 4id>-> 
 
 don't, 
 
 never 
 
 nqt^ 
 
 paid 
 
 Words Made Downward 
 
 a x 
 
 an / and^ 
 
 as^ 
 
 has ' 
 
 
 ; 
 
 ) 
 
 
 have. 
 
 after is 
 
 his 
 
 into/ 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 I/ ' 
 
 in ' him/ 
 
 5L 
 
 on/ 
 
 oC 
 
 hope one/ 
 
 us 
 
 up ^ 
 
 upon 
 
 under ~^ but 
 
 you 
 
 your 
 
 Words Itode Upward 
 
 all are/^ at, add. it. 
 or/ our/ out/ oath^ old 
 
 Vowe"ls are made up on "L,R,T,D,TH"and 
 down on all other consonant positions. 
 
 Special List of Frequent Word Signs 
 the' with/ would could^. 
 each whicho' any ^ gave given / 
 ever v veryy- .".every , everything 
 question^ business \
 
 Phrases at the beginning of letters. 
 
 Yourc of the I5th ^//tf In reply^ 
 
 Your favor of the 
 
 Your letter of the llth 
 
 We are in receipt of 
 
 We have your favor of the 18th 
 
 I am in receipt < 
 
 In receipt ofj^f 
 
 We have your esteemed 
 favor of the' 25th 
 
 We have your order ^i_0 
 
 Phrases at the end of letters. 
 This will be satisfactory ^~^ 
 It will be satisfactory/? 
 
 Hoping this will be satisfactory 
 
 9 
 We are I arn^ Yours 
 
 Yours sincerely 
 Yourr, respectfull 
 We may be favored 
 Very r 
 
 The above phrases must be prac- 
 ticed until they can be written 
 without any hesitation.
 
 If 
 
 Special List of Frequent, Phrases 
 
 at hand, and noted/ 
 we will"^ we ^ 
 
 .te have'' 
 we can not 
 
 we sent we have no we are, were" 
 
 A 
 
 we are not and are^ has not 
 has been\ are selling/^you have * 
 
 you will 
 he will 
 this is- 
 
 may be 
 more than 
 this was 
 
 there was^? this w 
 
 M 
 
 it was. 
 if you 
 
 it were 
 we may 
 
 can be 
 I have 
 there i 
 it Is* 
 
 it will 
 
 .-* 
 
 do not 
 
 , 
 
 was /lot 
 
 we can sell 
 
 we can make you 
 
 we will feay-^^ 
 
 we have nothing 
 
 we have been 
 
 as soon as 
 
 as such" 
 
 as much a 
 
 any other 
 
 s/ 3 
 
 was sent 
 
 we can send' 
 
 > 
 >^_ 
 
 we will sell 
 we have not 
 
 we have sent 
 
 S 
 
 we remain 
 
 as well as ( 
 as much 
 as good as xx 
 than any other 
 they are', were
 
 2.O- 
 
 they will, all 
 
 I have sold 
 
 there was no""^ it was the 
 
 and are not / 
 
 and will /" 
 
 if you are, were 
 
 If you can 
 
 x 
 
 if you are not 
 if you can 
 
 x 
 
 if you do not 
 
 X -v 
 
 if you will 
 let us hear^ 
 there are no " 
 
 which is the of 
 
 it will i 
 .re would" 
 should be 
 
 J5 
 
 we would lik 
 think this 
 
 I have "been 
 this will be 
 
 >=u 
 
 and we will 
 
 and we will sell 
 if you can 
 if you 
 
 if you were not 
 if you do 
 if you have 
 they are not 
 let us know 
 
 we may be able 
 which was the ^ 
 but can get ^^/ 
 we do ^ 
 
 should be able 
 j> 
 
 be ^ 
 
 accept our thanks 
 
 on track here/^/^ he would see 
 
 we have sold together withy 
 
 The foregoing phrases should be 
 frequently practiced so as to be 
 written without hesitation.
 
 General List 
 
 of Word Signs 
 
 accident 
 
 anything V^ 
 
 ace idental -ly 
 
 any one ^ 
 
 action 
 
 acknowledge-d 
 knowledge 
 
 aqueduct 
 be able 
 
 acquaint-ed-ance 
 advantage 
 
 backward 
 be satisfied 
 
 ad van tag e s - ous 
 advise-ce / 
 
 be instructed-iv 
 
 advertise-d "^ 
 
 beyond 
 
 advertising - ' 
 
 believe 
 
 advertisement T* 
 
 belief x 
 
 afterward-s, 
 
 C^ 
 
 afford 
 agent 
 
 almost 
 
 benevolent-ce 
 beneficent 
 benefit N " 
 beneficiary 
 business \ 
 
 although^ 
 
 can be 
 
 altogether 
 
 oould be^ 
 
 alone^ 
 also 
 
 charge-d 
 "6 
 change-d 
 
 as much 
 
 
 
 as such 
 
 as much as A 7 
 
 certify^" 
 church 
 
 character 
 
 s" 
 
 another 
 
 char ac ter s -1 2 e
 
 c orr espond^ 
 
 3.2 <. 
 establishment 
 
 F 
 
 correspondence^, 
 
 o^ f 
 
 classes 
 
 N. 
 
 every other 
 ever lasting-ly 
 
 Christ 
 
 et caetera ( etc . ) (7J 
 
 Christ Jesus 
 
 every one. 
 
 Christian^ 
 
 everybody 
 
 Christmas^- 
 Christianity* 
 
 everywhere 
 govern 
 
 Christianize^^" 
 
 governor, 
 
 catholic 
 
 government 
 
 d ef endant^""^ 
 
 c/ P' 
 
 glad 
 
 defendants"^ 
 
 good character /" 
 
 dif f erent-ce < 
 diff icult-y < 
 
 good correspondent /" 
 good work ^? 
 
 del i ver-y-ed "^ 
 
 ^ 
 disadvantage 
 
 dissatisfaction *= 
 
 give as much as Cf 
 gentlmn ov th jury '"^ 
 happy 
 
 downward 
 
 happen 
 help^ 
 
 description^* 
 
 highly o 
 
 domestic^' 
 
 wholly o 
 
 dominion^. 
 
 hilly o 
 
 exchange 
 equally 
 
 handwriting 
 
 G 
 hardware 
 
 evil 
 evident-ce ^>- 
 
 honestly J 
 
 a 
 
 hopeful 
 
 establish-ed 
 
 how would 
 O
 
 .23. 
 
 I am satisfied/ 
 is instructed * 
 inroad^ 
 inward/^, 
 
 intelligent-ceX. 
 intelligible^ 
 independent-ce^ 
 insignificant-ce/^ 
 impracticable^ ' 
 important-c e J~) 
 improve-dJx"' 
 impr o vemen t^X' 
 just judge 
 
 judgment 
 
 _-x \ 
 
 Jesus Christ\ 
 
 kingdom/^' 
 
 length -y^ 
 
 <^u 
 
 ladies and gentlemen 
 
 laughter 
 
 language 
 
 Lord Jesus Christ 
 
 loves us / \ 
 
 little^ 
 
 lightly^ 
 
 lately 
 
 lordly. 
 
 manuf ac turned 
 
 manuf ac turing ' 
 
 manuf ac turer "" 
 
 manufactory 
 
 necessary v - 
 
 necessity ~ 
 
 neglect-ed"^ 
 
 negligent-ce"^ 
 
 nevertheless ~~~ c - 
 
 n o twi th s tand ing 
 
 next time *v 
 
 not much 
 
 no such thing Q 
 
 opportunity 
 
 -ive 
 objection 
 onward / 
 outward 
 on saidV 
 practice-d 
 practical -ly
 
 1 1^ z.> 
 
 practicable-y 
 
 f-~ 
 
 plaintiff 
 
 significant ^~^- 
 
 political^ 
 
 supply c 
 
 perpend icular-ly 
 
 some cne 
 
 peculiar 
 
 something 
 suggest 
 
 peculiarity 
 
 somewhat 
 
 questionable ^ 
 
 thousand^^ 
 
 quickly^ , 
 quantity ' 
 
 toward 
 take-en, time / 
 
 quality 
 
 testimony 
 
 railway""" 
 
 United States 
 
 remarkable-y 
 represent 
 
 unqud s t i onab 1 e "^ / 
 unscr iptural ^.^ 
 
 representation / 
 
 ' - 
 
 unusual -ly j 
 
 representative 
 
 upon us 
 
 reflection 
 
 upon his 
 
 reliable^ 
 
 under"^ 
 
 reliance? 
 
 S 
 
 upward 
 
 remember 
 
 unseif ish-7j/ ~^~-g 
 
 subject-ed 
 subjective 
 
 unpr ac t i c ed ~\y^~ 
 d 
 whatever 
 
 subjection 
 
 wherewith 
 
 subsequent--/^ 
 
 whatsoever 
 
 signature ^^ 
 
 whichever a/
 
 work, 
 
 yes 
 
 yea siir - 
 beyond,you may, 
 you may be 
 yonder 
 
 young man~~X__ 
 young woman 
 
 yesterday*" 
 "The above are not all true word signs 
 but are regular outlines . 
 
 Letters 
 
 Detached for Termination 
 of Words 
 
 fession) 
 
 gate , gated , gat i on ) 
 ject-ed-ion) 
 
 late-ed-ion,lition,lution 
 mate-ed-ion,missionmotion 
 nate-ed-ion , nition , nuti on 
 pate-ed-ion,etc . ) 
 quate-ed-ion,etc. 
 rate-ed-ion , etc . " 
 sate-ed-ion , etc . 
 tate-ed-i on , e tc . 
 vate-ed-ion,etc . 
 wate-ed-ion, etc . _ 
 thy,thize,thet-ic-al-ally) 
 The above letters are detached for 
 
 the termination of words on the principle 
 
 taught under rule 24 page 16 
 
 F detached is 
 
 G " " 
 
 J 
 
 L " " 
 
 M " 
 
 N " " 
 
 P 
 
 Q 
 
 R 
 
 S " 
 
 T " " 
 
 V 
 
 W " 
 
 Th " 
 
 I detached is 
 Br " " 
 Tr " " 
 Pr " " 
 Gr 
 
 ition) 
 
 brate-ed-ion 
 
 trate-ed-ion 
 
 prate -ed-i on 
 
 grate-ed-ionigression,etc.)
 
 Phrase Signs 
 one by one// 
 day by day 
 day to day 
 day after day 
 better and better 
 again and again 
 all in all 
 less and less 
 
 over and over 
 ever and ever. 
 
 .o-rNo 
 
 forever and ever 
 by and by^s 
 time to time ^ 
 more and more 
 side by side **' 
 
 8 
 
 farther and farther 
 
 Familiar words like for, from, before, 
 that, to, when, but, had,- what,' etc. , etc 
 can be written on positions to represent 
 words following them, as; 
 
 for written on "a 1 
 
 is 
 
 'for a or an" 
 
 for 
 
 
 e' 
 
 n 
 
 for the 
 
 
 for 
 
 
 H U I 
 
 it 
 
 for you 
 
 
 from 
 
 
 rigi 
 
 M 
 
 from the 
 
 
 from 
 
 
 n u i 
 
 it 
 
 from you 
 
 
 when 
 
 
 "a 1 
 
 n 
 
 when a or 
 
 an 
 
 when 
 
 
 "i 1 
 
 n 
 
 when I 
 
 
 when " 
 
 H U I it 
 
 when you 
 
 
 and so on, thus; 
 for a or an. from a or 'an 
 for the' " from the' 
 for you from you 
 
 before the 
 had the 
 when to. 
 
 to a or an 
 
 to you 
 
 Any of the Common words may be used 
 ass phrase words, and when written on "A" 
 are followed by "a or an". When written 
 on "E" are followed by "the". When writ/- 
 ten on "I" are followed by "I". When 
 written on "0" are followed by "to". When 
 written on "U" are followed by "you".
 
 The following are \vritten on -the same 
 principle. (Bear in mind that the 
 short letters are shortened for "M or N- 1 
 long " " lengthened " " " " 
 
 Short !!I" on A is "in a M or- "In -n" J 
 " " ' E " "in the!! J- 
 
 it u i "and you!l 
 it i H "and I'J 
 
 I " ii E " "and the.!! 
 
 "F" written on "A" is "if a" or "if 
 
 E" " "if thel! 
 
 ii ii ii HII n " " 
 
 "0" up on "A" is "of a" or "of anIL 
 " " ' "E" " "of th6i! 
 
 II II HTT" II " 
 
 U" " "of youJ 
 
 "0" down on "A" is "on a" or "on anlL 
 || " "E" " "oft the.!! 
 
 H H H IHJH H ii on y O u!L 
 
 "Z" on "A" is "as a" or "as e 
 
 ii H "E 11 " "as th.6" 
 
 " ti "i" " "as I!! 
 
 " " "0" " "as to.!: 
 
 " "" 
 
 U" " "as you!! 
 
 "Is" on "A" is "is a" or "is an!! 
 
 "Was" " " " "was a" or "was anJ 
 Ts i H n E n H lt ig thel! 
 
 "A" up on. "E" is "at thai!
 
 &j- 
 
 in the place'* 1 
 in a manner 
 in a body 
 in the city^ 
 in the meantime 7 
 In the course 
 In a few days 
 in the future^ * 
 in the state of^ 
 
 and I know L 
 
 and I think ^ 
 and I am sure/ 
 and you can 
 and you know 
 and the more t ~~ s> 
 and the 
 as you know 
 
 of the money 
 
 ^s- 
 of a good man 
 
 on the first, ^> 
 
 of the month 
 
 on the morning of 
 
 of the subject 
 on the face of 
 of such 
 if -I can- ' 
 if you wish 
 
 if you should 
 
 /* 
 
 all I know<2_ 
 
 all you can 
 
 ^~ 
 
 but you can ge 
 but I can not 
 before I 
 it is the very thing 
 in the same manner 
 
 Many other phrases may be made on the 
 same principle.
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR 
 
 PUNCTUATION 
 
 Designed Especially for Commercial and Short- 
 hand Departments. 
 
 W L. MUSICK, 
 AUTHOR AND PROPRIETOR, 
 SPRINGFIELD, MO. 
 1894.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 This book is not intended to be an exhaustive work 
 on the subject, but as a coui>eof instruction in grammar 
 and punctuation that will render the pupil's knowledge 
 of the English Language thorough and practical. It is 
 designed to be used with any reference books on the sub- 
 ject and, thereby, may be made as extensive as desired. 
 It is well adapted for use in any school in which grnm- 
 mar is taught, leaving the instructor to bring in that 
 which will be most needed for his particular class and 
 that which will best conform to his individual ideas. In 
 teaching grammar, we recognize the necessity of closely 
 studying each student as an individual, learning well his 
 particular deficiency ana bringing in whatever is needed 
 or his partieular'ease, therefore, in this course of in- 
 struction the student or instructor is left to dwell and 
 enlarge upon whatever may be most necessary, and to 
 whatever extent may be desired. 
 
 SPHINGFIKLD, Alo., 1894.
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 3 
 
 Parts of Speech. 
 
 There are nine classes of words, or parts of speech, in 
 the English Language: Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, 
 verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, participles, 
 and interjections. 
 
 A. NOUN is the name of any person, place, or thing. 
 Illustrate. 
 
 NOUNS are of two kinds: PROPER and COMMON. Il- 
 lustrate. 
 
 A PRONOUN is used for or instead of a noun. Illus- 
 trate. 
 
 ADJECTIVES modify nouns and pronouns; as, good 
 men, that house. Illustrate. 
 
 ADVERBS modify verbs, adjectives^ or other adverbs. 
 Illustrate. 
 
 A VERB expresses the action being or state of the 
 .subject. Illustrate. 
 
 A PREPOSITION is used to show the relation between 
 a noun or pronoun and some other word. Illustrate. 
 
 A CONJUNCTION is used to connect words, or phrases, 
 aud clauses of the same rank. Illustrate. 
 
 A PARTICIPLE has the nature of a verb but used as 
 some other part of speech. Illustrate. 
 
 The Sentence. 
 
 A SENTENCE is a thought expressed in words. Illus- 
 trate. 
 
 A SIMPLE sentence is a single sentence; as, Stars 
 shine. Who comes here ? Move slowly. 
 
 A COMPLEX sentence consists of a principal sentence, 
 some part of which is modified by a subordinate pen-
 
 4 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 tence; as, Leaves fall when Autumn comes. He who is 
 diligent will win the race. 
 
 A COMPOUND sentence consists of two or more sen- 
 tences joined by a co-ordinate conjunction; as, Summer 
 comes and fruit ripens. Talent is power but tact is skill. 
 
 Principal Elements. 
 
 The PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS of a sentence are the sub- 
 ject and predicate. Illustrate. 
 
 The SUBJECT may be a word, phrase, or sentence; as 
 Winter is coming. To cheat is wrong. How the acci- 
 dent occurred is not known. Pay us you go is a good 
 rule. 
 
 The PREDICATE consists of a verb with or without 
 modifiers; as Kain falls. He studies to learn. 
 
 The SUBJECT is simple when only one thing is spoken 
 of; as, Water moves. 
 
 The SUBJECT is compound when two or more things 
 are spoken of; as Kansas and Missouri are states. 
 
 The PREDICATE is simple when but one thing is affirm- 
 ed of the subject; as, Men die. God is love. 
 
 The predicate is compound when two or mote things 
 are affirmed of the subject; as, Animals eat and sleep. 
 
 NOTK. Write and examine many sentences to fully 
 and thoroughly illustrate the above definitions. 
 
 Modifying Elements. 
 
 The MODIFYING ELEMENTS are adjective and udverbia 1. 
 These elements may be words, phnises, or sentences.
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 5 
 
 Whatever modifies a uoun or pronoun is an ADJEC : 
 TIVE element ; as The diligent scholar improves. A flock 
 of birds was in sight. The bouse which stood on the 
 corner burned down. 
 
 Whatever modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb is an 
 ADVERBIAL element ; as, The horse was sold yesterday. 
 The house was sold to pay a debt. He studies that he 
 nuiy learn. 
 
 CONNECTING elements are conjunctions, prepositions, 
 some adverbs, and the relative pronouns.* 
 
 INDEPENDENT elements are tnose that are independ- 
 ent of the sentence. 
 
 Whatever is the object of a verb or preposition is an 
 objective element. 
 
 An objective element may bo a word phrase or sen- 
 tence; as, The soil produces corn. He knows -that you 
 are diligent. I did not hear of it in time. 
 
 The Copula connects the subject and its attribute, 
 and is the verb be with its different forms; am, is, was, 
 were, are, etc., as, The world is beautiful. He is my 
 friend. He was rich. 
 
 NOTE. Select additional sentences for further illus- 
 tration and practice if desired. 
 
 Modifications of Nouns and Pronouns. 
 
 NOUNS and PRONOUNS have Number, Person, Gender, 
 and Case. 
 
 SINGULAR number denotes one thing. Illustrate. 
 
 PLURAL number denotes more than one thing. Illus- 
 trate. 
 
 NOTE. Study the formation of plurals by the use of 
 various reference books.
 
 6 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 PERSON, in grammar, denotes the speaker, the person 
 or thing spoken to, or the person or thing spoken of, 
 and is designated as first, second, or third person. Illus- 
 trate. 
 
 Gender, in grammar, denotes sex. The Masculine is 
 distinguished from the feminine in three ways : 
 
 1 . By a difference in the ending of words ; as, count, 
 countess; executor, executrix. 
 
 2. By using different words; as, son, daughter. 
 Ess is the most common ending for feminine nouns. 
 
 3. By prefixing a distinguishing word ; as, man- 
 servant, maM-servant. 
 
 DEFINITIONS. MASCULINE gender denotes males. 
 FEMININE gender denotes females. NEUTER gender de- 
 notes neither male nor female. COMMON gender denotes 
 either sex. 
 
 NOTE. Illustrate by the use of different words and 
 sentences. 
 
 CASE denotes the condition or office of a noun or pro- 
 noun iu a sentence. 
 
 The NOMINATIVE case denotes the subject or attri- 
 bute. Illustrate. 
 
 The POSSESSIVE case denotes possession. Illustrate. 
 
 The OBJECTIVE case denotes the object in the sen- 
 tence or principal word in a prepositional phrase. Illus- 
 trate. 
 
 The POSSESSIVE SINGULAR is formed by adding an 
 apostrophe and s to the nominative; as, John's. 
 
 When the plural ends in s, use the apostrophe only. 
 
 - Pronouns. 
 
 A PRONOUN is a word used for or instead of a noun, 
 to prevent the awkward repetition of nouns in the same 
 connection.
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 7 
 
 PRONOUNS are divided unto personal, relative, inter- 
 rogative, aud adjective. 
 
 The noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause for which the 
 pronoun stands is called its ANTKCEDENT. 
 
 PERSONAL PRONOUNS are distinguished by their form 
 as first, second, or third person, aud are simple and com- 
 pound. 
 
 The SIMPLE personal pronouns are /, thon, you, he 
 she, and it, with their plurals we, you, aud they. 
 
 The COMPOUND personal pronouns are myself, thy- 
 self, himself, herself, and itself, with their plurals our- 
 selves, yourselves, and themselves. 
 
 The following are the different forms in the different 
 cases : 
 
 uom. I we you 
 
 poss. my or mine our or ours your or yours 
 
 obj. me us jou 
 
 uom. he she thtjy 
 
 poss his her or hers, their or theirs 
 
 obj. him her them 
 
 Personal pronouns agree with their antecedent in 
 person, number, and gender; as, All that a man hath, 
 will he give for his life. A tree is known by its fruit. 
 
 A RELATIVE PRONOUN relates to its antecedent in 
 such a way as to connect a sentence to it; as, The car- 
 riage which brought us has returned. The horse which 
 you sold me is lame. A man who is industrious will 
 prosper. .-.'". 
 
 The SIMPLE RELATIVES are who, which, whnt, and 
 that. WZjo is used to represent persons; which and 
 what, to represent things; that, to represent both per- 
 sons and things; and as, to take the place of who after 
 such, many, aud same.
 
 8 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AMU PUNCTUATION. 
 
 1. Those who sow will reap. 2. I send you the 
 inoupy which I have. H. They, that forsake the law 
 praise the wicked. 4. This is the dog that worried the 
 cat that killed the rat. 
 
 COMPOUND RELATIVES are formed by adding ever, so, 
 and soever to the simple relatives; as, Whatsoever ye 
 shall ask in my name that will I do. 
 
 NOTE. What, when a relative, can be changed to 
 that which; as, Tell me what [that which] you know. 
 
 Many sentences may be selected for practice and 
 thus as many lessons given on this subject as may seem 
 necessary. 
 
 The INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS are who, which, and 
 what, when used in asking questions; as, Who comes 
 here? Which is your book? What did Wellington ac- 
 complish? 
 
 An ADJECTIVE PRONOUN fills the office of an adjective 
 and a noun; as, Those who sow will reap. Give to each 
 his share. 
 
 The adjective pronouns are all, both, each, either, 
 neither, many, much, none, etc. 
 
 The Verb. 
 
 A VERB is a word that expresses the action, being, or 
 state of the subject. 
 
 A REGULAR verb forms its past tense, indicative 
 mode, and perfect participle by adding ed to the present; 
 as, present, act; perfect, acted; past participle, acted. 
 
 An IRREGULAR verb forms its past indicative, and 
 perfect participle by changing the word to denote the 
 tense; as, present, go; past, went; perfect participle, 
 gone.
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. b 
 
 TENSE meaus the time of the action, or the being. 
 
 The PRESENT tense denotes the action as present. 
 
 The PAST tense denotes past time. 
 
 The FUTURE tenso denotes future time. 
 
 The PRESENT PERFECT tense denotes the action com- 
 pleted at the present time. 
 
 The PAST PERFECT denotes the action completed at 
 some past time. 
 
 The FUTURE PERFECT denotes the action completed 
 at some future time. 
 
 A TRANSITIVE verb requires an object to complete its 
 meaning; as, The hunter killed a bear. The scholar 
 learned his lesson. 
 
 An INTRANSITIVE verb does not require au object to 
 complete its meaning; as. Flowers bloom. The wind 
 blows furiously. 
 
 There are three participles; the PRESENT, PAST, and 
 PERFECT; as, PRESENT, riding; PAST, ridden ; PEREECT, 
 having ridden: moving, moved, having moved. 
 
 The participle is sometimes used as a noun or a u 
 adjective, and is then called a VERBAL NOUN or a VERBAL 
 ADJECTIVE. 
 
 MODE denotes the manner of action or being. 
 
 The INDICATIVE mode asserts a fact. Illustrate. 
 
 The POTENTIAL mode asserts the power, duty, obli- 
 gation, eto. Illustrate. 
 
 The IMPERATIVE mode commands, exhorts, entreats, 
 etc. Illustrate. 
 
 The INFINITIVE mode expresses action or being with- 
 out limit. Illustrate. 
 
 AUXILIARY vei bs help to form the different modes 
 and tenses. They are do, be, have, shall, vrill, may, cnn, 
 must, might, could, would, and should.
 
 II! 
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 SIGNS OF THE TENSK8. 
 
 Indicative mode 
 
 PRESENT and PAST, no sign. 
 
 PRESENT PERFECT, hn ve. 
 
 PAST PERFECT, had. 
 
 FUTURE, shall, or will. 
 
 FUTURE PERFECT, shall hu re, or will hit ve. 
 
 Potential mode 
 
 PRESENT, may, can, or must, 
 
 PAST, might, would, could, or should. 
 
 PRESENT PERFF.CT, may have, can have, must huve. 
 
 PAST PERFECT, might have, could ha ve, etc. 
 
 PRINCIPAL PARTS. 
 
 Irregular verbs- 
 Present, 
 do 
 am 
 begin 
 fall 
 
 g 
 have 
 ride 
 
 Regular verbs - 
 learn 
 love 
 walk 
 work 
 
 Past. 
 
 Perfect participle 
 
 did 
 
 done 
 
 was 
 
 been 
 
 began 
 
 begun 
 
 fell 
 
 fallen 
 
 went 
 
 gone 
 
 had 
 
 had 
 
 rode 
 
 ridden 
 
 learned 
 loved 
 walked 
 worked 
 
 learned 
 loved 
 walked 
 worked 
 
 RULE 1. 
 RULE 2. 
 adverbs. 
 
 Rules of Syntax. 
 
 Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. 
 Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 11 
 
 RULE 3. A noun or pronoun which is the subject or 
 attribute of a sentence is*iu the nominative case. 
 
 RULE 4. A preposition shows the relation between 
 its object and the word which the phrase modifies. 
 
 RULE 5. Conjunctions connect words, phrases or 
 sentences. 
 
 RULE 6. A noun or pronoun used as an explanatory 
 modifier, is in the eame case as the word explained, by 
 opposition. 
 
 RULE 7. The object of a verb or preposition is in 
 the objective case. 
 
 RULE 8. A pronoun must agree with itsantecendent 
 in person, number, and gender. 
 
 RULE 9. A verb must agree with its subject in per- 
 son and number. 
 
 RULE 10. Nouns denoting time, measure, or value, 
 may be in the objective case without a governing word. 
 
 RULE 11. An infinitive may be used as a noun in 
 any r-ase except the possessive. 
 
 Analysis. 
 
 EXAMPLE. Washington captured Coruwallis. 
 
 This is a sentence; simple, declarative, (why?). You 
 understood is the subject; bring is the predicate modified 
 by Cornwallis, an objective element. 
 
 Bring me some flowers. 
 
 This is a sentence; simple, imperative, (why?). You 
 understood is the subject: bring is the predicate modifi- 
 ed by flowers an objective element and by "to me" an 
 adverbial phrase.
 
 12 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUTAION. 
 
 Exercises. 
 
 1. He is my friend. 2. John locked the door and 
 put the key in his pocket. 3. God's balance, watched 
 by angels, is hung across the sky. 4. Nothing is law 
 that is not reason. 5. There is a limit at which for- 
 bearance ceases to be a virtue. 
 
 6. Unless he reforms soon he is a ruined man. 7. 
 How pleasant it is to see the sun! 8. A life of prayer is 
 a life of heaven. 9. To love is to obey. 10. He that 
 refuseth instruction despiseth his own soul. 11. Both 
 the ties of nature and the dictates of policy demand this. 
 12. He came and went like a pleasant thought. 13. 
 The Rhone flows out from among the Alps. 14. I have 
 not seen him since I returned from New York. 15. 1 
 saw him before he left. 
 
 16. The house which you admire so much, belongs 
 to the man whom we hee yonder. 17. He will do what 
 is right. 18. Tell me whom you saw. 19. This is the 
 man for whom we sent. 20. I remember what you said. 
 
 Arrangement of Elements. 
 
 The elements of sentences are arranged in NATURAL 
 or INVERTED order. 
 
 The Natural order of arrangement is, 
 In declarative sentences: 
 
 1 . Subject predicate; as, Winds blow 
 
 2. Subject copula, attribute; as, Chalk is white. 
 
 3. Subject auxiliary predicate; as, You may go. 
 
 In interrogative sentences: 
 
 1. Copula subject predicate; as, Is he wise?
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 13 
 
 2. Auxiliary subject predicate; as, May I go? 
 
 3. Predicate subject; as, Say you so? 
 
 4. Subject predicate; as, Who remained? 
 
 INVERTED ORDER is used to emphasize the predicate; 
 
 as, Great was our wonder. Known unto God are all his 
 works. 
 
 MODIFYING ELEMENTS should be placed as near the 
 words they modify as possible. 
 
 Correct the Arrangement. 
 
 1. I could see that the floor had been swept with 
 half an eye. 
 
 2. He went to town, driving a flock of sheep, on 
 horseback. 
 
 3. Wanted, a room for a single gentleman well fur- 
 nished. 
 
 4. Nature tellss me, I am the image of God as well as 
 scripture. 
 
 5. A child was run over by a heavj- wagon, four 
 years old. 
 
 6. I cannot think of leaving you without distress. 
 
 Sentences Selected 
 
 FOR ILLUSTRATION AND ANALYSIS. 
 
 [Use any system of diagraming desired.]
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 ADJECTIVE. 
 
 A word, phrase, or sentence. 
 
 1. All men are mortal. 2. Many wise men have 
 written books. 8. Those birds of prey secure their vic- 
 tim. 4. The man whom you saw lives in the city. 5. 
 The bird which was crippled died. 6. I saw a drove of 
 cattle. 7. Jane is studying modern history. 8. The 
 evening train, turning a sharp curve wan thrown from 
 the track. 
 
 ADVERB. 
 
 A word, phrase, or sentence. 
 
 1. The patient suffered intensely. 2. You should 
 listen more attentively. 3. Too much time was wasted. 
 
 4. An intensely painful operation tvas performed. 5. 
 A peculiarly interesting story was told. 6. An extrav- 
 agantly high price was paid. 7. The sun is in the west. 
 8. She sits by the open window. 9. He threw it into 
 the river. 10. She came after you had gone. 11. I 
 had ridden a short distance when the sun began to rise. 
 
 VERBS COMPLETED BY OBJECTS. 
 
 1. Harry saw the sun. 2. Me and Lillie saw you. 
 3. Him and me swept the room. 4. The old man slow- 
 ly saws the green wood 5. I want him to go. 0. I 
 like hunting buffalos. 7. He hopes to succeed. 8. 
 The old man cried "'Our armies swore terribly in Fland- 
 ers." 
 
 VERBS COMPLETED BY ATTRIBUTES. 
 
 1. He is my friend. 2. The man is honest. 3. The 
 flower is beautiful. 4. The horse is a beautiful animal. 
 
 5. It was me and him. 6. All men are mortal. 7. If
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 1 were he, I would go to Europe. 8. Jt was not me who 
 played truant. 9. The command was "Storm the fort 
 at daybreak." 10. I am he whom you seek. 
 
 PREPOSITION. 
 
 1. Will you go with me iuto the Garden? 
 
 2. In my father's house are many mansions. 
 
 3. We went over the river, through the cornfield, 
 into the woods. 
 
 4. The Rhone flows out from among the Alps. 
 
 CONJUNCTION. 
 
 1 . Talent is something, but tact everything. 
 
 2. I remember a mass of things, but nothing dis- 
 tinctly. 2. Both the tie& of nature and the dictates of 
 policy demand this. 4. The truth is that I am tired of 
 ticking. 5. There may be wisdom without knowledge 
 and there may be knowledge without wisdom. 
 
 PERSONAL PRONOUNS. 
 
 1. Him and me were playmates. 2. Her and my 
 aunt are great friends. 3. They live in our house. 4, 
 I sse them on their winding way. 5. For we dare not 
 make ourselves of the number, or compare ourselves 
 with some that commend themselves : but they, meas- 
 uring themselves by themselves, and comparing them- 
 selves among themselves, are not wise. 
 
 RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 1. Tell me whom you saw. 2. This is the man for 
 whom we sent. 3. I got what I desired. 4. Happy is 
 the man that h'ndeth wisdom. 5. I remember what 
 5"ou said. 6. Whatever purifies sanctifies. 7. Whoso 
 keepeth the law is a wise son. 8. Whoever enters here 
 should have a pure heart.
 
 16 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 1. That book is yours. 2. What did you say? 
 
 3. I did not say that. 4. The ground is your own. 
 5. You do your duty and I will do mine. 
 
 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 1. Who saw the horse run? 2. For whom did he 
 inquire? 3. Which will you have, the small or the large 
 hook? 4. Which is the lesson? 5. What can be more 
 beautiful than that landscape? 
 
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVEBB8. 
 
 1. Water freezes when it is cold. 2. You may wait 
 until I return. 3. Flowers bloom when spring comes. 
 
 4. You do as I do. 5. The people were astonished 
 when they heard her voice. 6. He will have friends 
 wherever he may be. 7. Whether the planets are inhab- 
 ited, was discussed last evening. 8. He locks the 
 door after the horse is stolen. i). He never has a lesson 
 because he is too lazy to study. 
 
 APPOSITIVES. 
 
 1. I saw your brother, him who is a doctor. 2. 
 Brooklyn, a city in the United States, is noted for its 
 churches. 3. Mrs. Smith, the doctor, is related to Mr.. 
 Brown, the blacksmith. 4. Ira Jacobs, him who you 
 punished, was not to be blamed. 
 
 PARTICIPLES. 
 
 1. The good King betrayed by his enemies fled to 
 his castle. 2. Being innocent of the charge, be firm and 
 confident. 3. The vessel sailing in the bay has no cap- 
 tain. 4. We heard the wolves howling in the woods. 5. 
 The snow being deep, we could not proceed. 6. Being 
 human he is not perfect. 7. We heard the owl hooting.
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAU AND PUNCTUATION. 17 
 
 INFINITIVKS. 
 
 1. To orr is human. 2. To obey is to enjoy. 3. 
 HH loves to play. 4. Time to come is called future. 5. 
 He bade him depart, (i. He made his horse go very fast 
 
 SUBJECT OK OHJECT. 
 
 May be word, phrase, or sentence. 
 
 1. Winter is comini?. 2. To steal is base. 3. Pay 
 as you go is a good rule. 4. Men love money. 5. I 
 wish to be quiet. G. Alice knew that we were not at 
 home.
 
 18 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 BUSINESS PUNCTUATION. 
 
 The marks of punctuation are of three kinds, gram- 
 matical, typographical, and referential. ThegrHmmati- 
 cal, or rhetorical points are the period (.); comma (,); 
 semicolon (;); colon (:); and the hyphen (-), when used to 
 form compound words. 
 
 THE PERIOD. ( . ) 
 
 The period is used: 1. At the end of every sentence 
 whose context does not require a mark of exclamation 
 or interrogation. Example. A good correspondent is 
 neat. 
 
 2. After all abbreviations, except those formed by 
 using an apostrophe to show the omission of letters. 
 Ex. F. o. b. C. o. d. Agt. 
 
 3. As a decimal point. NOTE. The period must be 
 used between dollars and cents, this being a true deci- 
 mal. Ex. 3041.165. $ 14.00. $12.35. 
 
 4. After a heading, address, or signature. Ex. Part 
 One. Philip Gould, Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Exercise. 
 
 ^"Rewrite in accordance with proceeding rules. 
 
 Mr. Obadiah Cook, of Howell, Me, wanted to improve 
 his education His friends advised him to stay at home,
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 19 
 
 and saw wood or hoe corn He, however, was ambitious 
 He attended a first-class Jtwsiness college at So Framing- 
 ham, Mass, paying $35,14 for tuition, etc He learned 
 bookkeeping, stenography, and terms like "K d," "C o 
 d," "f o b," and others He soon obtained a position as 
 stenographer to the Frt Agt of the B & M R R He was 
 rapidly promoted until he became G P A with a salary 
 of f r>000,00 per year: Now his friends saw wood for 
 him. 
 
 THE COMMA. ( , ) 
 
 The rules for the comma, though usually perplexing, 
 may be acquired by a tliorongh study. The difficulty 
 has been that mowt books have been too vague, to be 
 understood easily. We have tried to make the following 
 rules simple, and to illustrate them by practical business 
 matter. 
 
 NOTE. The luuutions of the comma are four-fold. 
 First, to show that the word, phrase, or clause, pointed 
 off, does not qualify what immediately precedes or fol- 
 lows. Second, to indicate the omission of qualifying 
 words or phrases. Third, to show that a word, phrase, 
 or clause, is of a parenthetical, appositive, or explana. 
 tory nature. Fourth, to avoid ambiguity. 
 
 1. Use a comma before a phrase commencing with a 
 participle, when it is separated from the word it qualifies, 
 Ex. We enclose our check for f 25 35, covering our ac- 
 count 
 
 2. Use a comma after a complimentary closing, if to 
 be followed by a signature. Ex. Yours truly, W. E. 
 Russell. 
 
 3. Before the word "which," when it is separated 
 from its antecedent. Ex. We enclose copy of your letter 
 of Sept. 23, which was missent.
 
 20 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 4. A conditional clause, usually beginning with 
 "if," "though," "unless," "except" etc., is separated 
 from the rest of the sentence, with a comma. Ex. If 
 you have not received our letter, let us hear from you at 
 once. Come to our office at 2 o'clock, if possile. 
 
 C. When a clause or phrase is placed at the begin- 
 ning of a sentence, it is followed by a comma. Ex. 
 Since writing you yesterday, we have received your 
 check. 
 
 6. Explanatory and parenthetical expressions are 
 pointed off with commas. Ex. (Explanatory) This 
 leaves n balance of $23.82, as per statement enclosed. 
 (Parenthetical) The fact is, as you doubtless are aware, 
 we have had, etc. He, however, prevailed upon us. 
 
 7. Modified members of compound predicates are 
 eparated by comma.';. Ex. We are advised that you . 
 
 are in trouble, and write to ask what the condition of af- 
 fairs is. We have no orders to send you by this mail, 
 but shall be most happy to send you one when oppor- 
 1 unity offers. 
 
 8. When a clause or phrase is separated from the 
 word it modifies, by another clause, or phrase, it is 
 pointed off with commas. Ex. We name very low 
 prices on our goods, with the expectation of having our 
 bills met at maturity. We return your invoice of the 
 21st inst., for correction. 
 
 9 In cases like "corning and going," "men and 
 women," "receipt and return,' 1 no comma is used before 
 "and"; but, if the first member is followed by a modify- 
 ing word or phrase, a comma is needed; as, We thank 
 you for sending us lists of prices, and keeping us posted 
 in regard to the market. We think Mr. Smith is acting 
 very singularly in this matter, and most unbusinesslike.
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUA1 ION. 21 
 
 10. A long, complex (consisting of different elements) 
 subject is separated from its predicate, in order to avoid 
 ambiguity. Ex. 
 
 11. A participial, adjective, absolute, adverbial, or 
 independent pbrase or clause at the beginning of a sen- 
 tence, is followed by a comma. Ex. (Participial) Trust- 
 ing that you will make this step unmcessary,we remain. 
 (Absolute) He having completed his business, we must 
 go. (Adverbial) In your judgment, will the carriage be 
 safe to use the balance of the season? (Independent) My 
 dear sir, wo can not do so. 
 
 12. A relative clause used to distinguish the ante- 
 cedent from other objects of the same name requires no 
 punctuation; HS, The firm that makes these goods, is in 
 Boston. 
 
 13. A Relative clause used to describe the anteced- 
 ent, is separated by a comma; as, This firm, which is the 
 largest of its kind, is in Boston. 
 
 14. A comma is usually used to indicate the omis- 
 sion of words. Ex. We enclose statement of your ac- 
 count, now due. [Your account (which is) now due.] 
 The Adams Express, in New York. [The Adams Express 
 (which is) in New York.] 
 
 NOTE. This rule noes not apply to the omission of a 
 single word, when the coustructiou is close; as, "In re- 
 ply will say."="[n reply (we) will say." "Your favor at 
 hand."=''Your favor (is) at hand." "Your postal duly 
 received. "="Your postal (is) duly received." 
 
 15. An inverted or transposed phrase or clause is 
 pointed off with commas. Ex. Why he should discrim- 
 inate between us, we are at a loss to understand. (Prop- 
 erly, We are at a loss to understand why he. etc.). When 
 you are ready, we should pleased to see you.
 
 aa BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 16. "Etc." should be preceded by a comma. Ex. 
 We send catalogue of wood mantels, etc. 
 
 17. Series of words, or series of pairs of words join- 
 ed with "and," or similar conjunctives, are pointed off 
 with commas. Ex. We enclose list of prices of nails, 
 bolts, screws, and other hardware. There is to b* a sale 
 of watches and jewelry, books and paintings, furniture 
 and bric-a-brac. 
 
 18. Each of the members of an address or date-line, 
 is pointed off with commas. Ex. John Jones, 34 Duane 
 St., New Yo-k City, N. Y. Boston, Mass., May 29, 1892. 
 
 19. When the subject ends with a verb, and the 
 predicate begins with a verb, a comma is used to separ- 
 ate them. Ex. Whatever is, is right. 
 
 20. Commas are used before direct quotations. 
 Ex. Supt. Bates says, "We drove the Northern off the 
 Barton line." 
 
 21. Words used in direct address, are pointed off 
 with commas. Ex. My friends, this is distinctively the 
 era of progress. 
 
 22. Before and after words like "however," "too," 
 "perhaps," etc., when they break the continuity of the 
 sentence. Ex. We, however, do not do business in that 
 way. 
 
 THE SEMICOLON. (:) 
 
 The semicolon is a mark of punctuation, the function 
 of which is to denote a separation of thought, or a 
 grammatical distinction greater than that indicated by 
 the comma. 
 
 1. Contrasted members of compound sentences are 
 separated with semicolons. Ex. Please send us a 
 check at your earliest convenience; or, if agreeable to 
 you, we will draw on you at sight. You have made no
 
 BUSINESS (3RAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 28 
 
 change in the advertisement; neither have you placed us 
 at the top of the column. 
 
 2. A semicolon should precede an explanatory or 
 inferential clause beginning with a cqnjunction, when 
 added tn a complete sentence. Ex. We think Mr. Smith 
 is acting very singularly in this matter; for we are at a 
 loss to understand why he should discriminate between 
 us. It seems as if ten days was enough to copy that 
 schedule of rates; so please hurry it, if possible. 
 
 NOTE. -The words "for," "therefore," "as," "so, 1 ' 
 "also." and "nevertheless," are the ones which intro- 
 duce these clauhes most frequently. 
 
 3. A semicolon should be used between the members 
 of a compound sentence, when each contains a depend- 
 ent clause. Ex. We bought the pillows at the price you 
 billed them flrst; and, as it wasyonr mistake, we dou't 
 see why we should be the losers. 
 
 4. A semicolon should be used after each member of 
 a list of articles, when prices or qualifying expressions 
 are used. Ex. No. 6 Champion horse-rakes, $18.00 
 each, f. o. b. Boston; Improved North American plows, 
 k. d. at factory, thirty-five per cent, from list; Thomp- 
 son horse-hoes, k. d. at factory, fT.OO; f. o. b. Boston, 
 $7 25; nailed canal-barrows, k. d. New York City, $2.35. 
 
 5. When a statement is followed by an example, 
 introduced by "as," "namely," "for instance," "to wit," 
 "viz.," ''foi example," or similar words or phrases, a 
 semicolon should precede, and a comma should follow 
 the introductory word or phrase. Ex. We can not al- 
 low you a larger discount than we have formerly; viz., 
 twenty per cent. 
 
 6. Semicolons should be used to separate short, 
 complete sentences, where the connection is close. Ex.
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUTAION. 
 
 He wrote me a letter; I answered it; then he came to me 
 in person. 
 
 7. Semicolons should separate clauses having a 
 common dependence upon another clause, when they 
 are not connected with each other. Ex. In reply will 
 say, we can not furnish the goods ordered; we can not 
 procure them for you; and we do not know where you 
 can obtain them. 
 
 THE COLON. (:) 
 
 The colon is a mark of punctuation, the function of 
 which is, to a great extent, to show that what follows it 
 is exactly explanatory or equivalent to what comes be- 
 fore. The former use of the colon, to separate subdivid- 
 ed members of compound sentences, would seem to be 
 not only unnecessary, but irrational, and we believe 
 there is no merit in pieserviug such customs. If there 
 be a separation of thought greater than can be indicat- 
 ed with a semicolon, it would seem advisable to separate 
 into sentences. 
 
 The colon is used in the following ways: 
 
 1. When what follows is exactly explanatory of 
 what comes before, after words or phrases like "as fol- 
 lows" or "the following." Ex. The list of names was 
 as follows: The following officers were elected: 
 
 2. After "Dear sir," or '"Gentlemen," or any title of 
 respect used in beginning a letter; and, in such cases, 
 usually followed by a dash ( ), or two hyphens (--). 
 Z</'x. Dear sir: Gentlemen:- - 
 
 3. Between the figures designating hours and min- 
 utes. E\. 8:30 P. M. 6:40 A. M. 
 
 4. *Instead of a period, after an initial letter, when 
 such a letter is the initial of the commonest Christian 
 name commencing with that letter. Ei. W: Smith
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 25 
 
 (William Smith). C: White (Charles White). E: Kirby 
 (Edward Kirby). 
 
 5. After an abreviated name, when the abbrevia- 
 tion is used as a full name. Ex. Ben: Sam: Will: 
 Fred: 
 
 *The last two rules are not compulsory, but are 
 approved by good authority, and are in good taste. 
 
 THE HYPHEN AS A COMPOUNUER. ( - ) 
 
 The proper compounding of words has been a subject 
 almost untaught in our educational textbooks and in- 
 stitutions, and even our standard dictionaries show a 
 most remarkable indifference and laxity concerning this 
 point. It is believed that the rules here laid down will 
 be of great practical benefit to all writers, and especially 
 typewriter-operators, whose work shows so plainly the 
 lack of intelligent study. 
 
 Words are compounded in two ways: 
 
 1. By writing two words as one, without a hyphen. 
 
 2. By joining two words with a hyphen. 
 
 Nouns and Verbs. 
 
 1. Two uouns used together to describe one article, 
 are compounded when neither is descriptive of any par- 
 ticular attribute or quality of the other. 
 
 When the first word is a word of one syllable, do not 
 use the hyphen; when it contains more than one syllable, 
 use the hyphen. Ex. Inkbottle, hatbox, typewheel, 
 typewriter, bookkeeper; passenger-elevator, pencil-case, 
 typewriter-operator. 
 
 2. A noun and a pronoun, when compounded, 
 should be hyphenized; as, He-goat, she-bear.
 
 26 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 ~ * 
 
 3. Adjectives and nouns are not hyphen! 'ed; as< 
 Shorthand, longhand. 
 
 4. Prepositions and nouns, when compounded, 
 should not be hypbeuized; as, Today, tomorrow, to- 
 night, upstairs, downstairs, offhand, uptown. 
 
 Adjectives. 
 
 5. Adjectives joined with any part of speech except 
 nouns, are hyphenized; as, red-cheeked, fair-haired, blue- 
 eyed. 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 6. Verbs (including participles) compounded with 
 any words except nouns, are hyphenized; as, fast-run- 
 ning, far- seeing, oasy-going. 
 
 Numerals. 
 
 7. The compound numerals between twenty and 
 
 one hundred are hyphenized; as, Twenty-one, forty first. 
 
 1 
 
 TYPOGRAPHICAL POINTS. 
 
 The typographical points, or those not depending on 
 the grammatical construction, or syntax, are the dash 
 ( ); the mark of exclamation ( ! ); the apostrophe ( ' ); 
 the quotation marks ( " "): short and or ampersand* 
 ( & ); the parenthesis ( ); the brackets, or crotchets [ ]; 
 and the hyphen ( - ), when used for the indication of the 
 division of words. 
 
 *The name "ampersand," often applied to "&," is a 
 corruption of "and perse, and, "which was formerly said 
 after the other letters, in reciting the alphabet. 
 
 THE HYPHEN AS A DIVIDER. ( - ) 
 
 1. The hyphen is used at the end of a line, to indi- 
 cate that a word is divided.
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 27 
 
 When it is necessary to divide a word, it should be 
 divided strictly according to syllables, only syllables be- 
 ing left at the end of a line, or carried to the next; the 
 following examples giving some idea of proper division: 
 
 Ni-c-es sa-ry div-i-sion div-id-ed strict-ly ac cord-ing 
 syl-la-ble be ing car ried fol-low-mg ex-am-ples giv-ing 
 prop er. 
 
 {S^A syllable of one letter should never stand alone. 
 In derivative words where the original ends in double 
 letters, both should remain together; as, Fress-ed, ex- 
 press-ion, re- cilled: but, in all other cases, they should 
 be separated; as, Bet-ter, com-mit ted. bat-tie, mis-sile, 
 run-uing. 
 
 EXCLAMATION POINT. ( ! ) 
 
 1. The exclamation point is used after exclamation's 
 and interjections, and sentences, words, and phrases, 
 expressing strong emotion. Ex. Oh! I thought I 
 should find you. Alas, alas! I am in a sad plight. 
 
 , 2. The exclamation point is sometimes placed in 
 parentheses, after a word, to express sarcasm. Ex. 
 He is a noble ( ! ) man, a kind ( ! ) master, and a true ( ! ) 
 friend. 
 
 INTERROGATION POINT. (?) 
 
 1. The interrogation point is used at the end of 
 every direct question. Ex. Are you going? What is 
 the matter? Will you send us a check for the amount? 
 
 2. In certain cases, to denote doubt. Ex. This 
 wonderful (?) man. It is a great (?) poem. 
 
 THE APOSTROPHE. ( ' ) 
 
 1. The apostrophe is used to denote the omission 
 of a letter or syllable. Ex. Don't. E'er. O'er.
 
 28 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PDNCTUTAION. 
 
 To indicate the omission of a century in dates, where 
 it can be readily understood. Ex. Dec. 14, '87. The 
 Revolution commenced in '75. 
 
 5. Used after all plural nouns ending in "s," to 
 form the poss-essive. Ex. Boys.' Dogs.' 
 
 QUOTATION MARKS. ( '' " ) 
 
 1. Quotation marks are used to enclose a direct 
 quotation of the exact words of another writer or speak- 
 er When a quotation occurs inside of a quotation, the 
 single marks are used ( ' ' ). Ex. He said, "I was pass- 
 ing up the street, and some one cried 'Police,' in a loud 
 voice." 
 
 2. Sometimes used to call special attention to some 
 word or phrase, especially in the case of names and 
 titles. Ex. They came over in the "Fortune." He 
 could not correctly pronounce ' ; he." 
 
 NOTE. A period or.comma occurring directly after 
 the last word of a quotation, is placed before the quota- 
 tion marks. 
 
 SHORT "AND." (&) 
 
 The short sign for "and" should be used only in the 
 case of firm names, signatures, and addresses, where the 
 same consist of more than one name; and in the case of 
 a corporation, or name of a railroad. Ex. Brown & 
 Jones. J. B. Smith & Co. Boston & Maine Railroad. 
 Calumet & Hecla Mining Co. 
 
 THE PARENTHESES. ( ) 
 
 The parentheses are used to enclose any words which 
 do not properly belong to the rest of the sentence, eithe 
 explanatory, correlative, or interdictory Ex. I am
 
 BUSINESS GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION. 29 
 
 afraid (not on my account, however,) that it will cause 
 evil results. 
 
 NOTE. Punctuation marks nre placed inside paren- 
 theses and brackets, if they are required for the punctua- 
 tion of the enclosed matter, but after them if they punc- 
 tuate tbe sentence as a whole. 
 
 THE BRACKETS. [ ] 
 
 The brackets are used in a way similar to the paren- 
 theses, but are used only for notes, or for editorial cor- 
 rections in matter quoted from others.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 TITLES: In a title-page, or in a heading of any arti- 
 cle or chapter, the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, 
 and adverbs, begin with capital letters. 
 
 RULE FOR PARAGRAPHING. 
 
 PARAGRAPHING: -The general rule for paragraphing 
 is to make a new paragraph for each new subject, but a 
 short letter or article should not consist of more than 
 one paragraph, unless the sense and connection change 
 very much. In long articles, a few paragraphs, where 
 there is much separation of thought, improve the ap- 
 pearance of the typewritten page. 
 
 GENERAL BINTS: Do not end a sentence with a 
 preposition; do not separate the two parts of a verb; do 
 not use an adverb, when the verb expresses the same 
 idea; do not begin a sentence with a conjunction; do not 
 use an adjective to qualify a verb; do not use a long 
 word when a short one will serve the purpose; do not 
 use a foreign word, when there is an English word of the 
 same meaning. 
 
 HULKS FOR THE USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS. 
 
 RULE I. Every sentence should begin with a capital 
 letter. 
 
 RULE II. Proper nouns; as, names of persons, places 
 months, days of week, etc., should begin with capital 
 letters.
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 " Ex. John, Sunday, July, New York, Mr. James A. 
 Jones. 
 
 The names of seasons: spring, summer, autumn, 
 winter, do not begin with capital letters except when 
 they are personified. 
 
 RULE III. Every line of poetry should begin with a 
 capital letter. 
 
 RULE IV. Every direct quotation should begin with 
 
 a capital letter. 
 
 Ex. He asked, "Who will go with me?" 
 
 A direct quotation is one in which the exact words 
 
 are quoted. 
 
 RULE V. Titles of honor or distinction, used alone 
 or accompanied by nouns, should begin with capital let- 
 ters. 
 
 Ex. Mr. Smith; Dr. Jones; Hon. Henry Wilson. 
 
 RULE VI. All words denoting the Deity should be- 
 gin with capital letters. 
 
 Ex. God, Lord: Creator; the Almighty; the Allwise; 
 Infinite One; Supreme Being; Most High. 
 
 Personal pronouns, or common words referring to 
 the Deity, are usually capitalized, as: "The unseen Power 
 above"; "the Judge of the world." 
 
 RULE VII. Words derived from proper nouns should 
 begin with capital letters. 
 
 Ex. American; Roman; Scotchman; Spanish; Eng 
 lish. 
 
 RULE VIII. Names of things spoken of as persons 
 should begin with capital letters. 
 
 Ex. "The Morn, in russet mantle clad " 
 "When Music, heavenly maid, was young
 
 32 APPENDIX. 
 
 RULE IX. Words of special importance, words used 
 as uames of particular objects or localities, and tlie im- 
 portant words in a heading, should begin with capital 
 letters. 
 
 Ex. Niagara Falls; the Tariff Bill; the White House; 
 the Western States. 
 
 North, south, east, and west, are capitalized only 
 when referring to some particular locality: as, "The 
 North and the South are one." 
 
 When there is a question as to which should be used, 
 a capital or small letter, use a small letter.
 
 FIFTY LESSONS 
 
 -IN- 
 
 BUSINESS SPELLING
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The following words are those in most constant use, 
 selected not because they are difficult, but because they 
 belong to the ordinary vocabulary and are those which 
 are most frequently misspelled. 
 
 Correct spelling is a very important matter especial- 
 ly in business, and should nor be neglected by those who 
 expect to attain any degree of proficiency, as a stenog- 
 rapher, bookkeeper or m any commercial position. 
 There is no excuse for any one remaining deficient in this 
 branch long. If these fifty lessons are taken up with a 
 proper degree of earnestness, they can be mastered in a 
 short time and they cover a very large business vocabu- 
 lary. Of course, there will bean occasional word come 
 up that is not found in these lessons, but if these lessons 
 are mastered as they should be, the strange words that 
 will come up will be very unfrequent. The instructor is 
 left to use whatever methods he may prefer.
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING 
 
 
 LESSON I. 
 
 
 Al phabet 
 
 Dimin utive 
 
 Ve hide 
 
 .Shep herd 
 
 Ze nith 
 
 Ax iom 
 
 Op ulent 
 
 Ac cident 
 
 Leg ible 
 
 Jo vial 
 
 Sur geon 
 
 Or dinance 
 
 Excel 
 
 Swin die 
 
 Cred i table 
 
 Knowl edge 
 
 Appar ent 
 
 Inau dible 
 
 Exhib it 
 
 Peren nial 
 
 Hav oc 
 
 Al manac 
 
 Disagree able 
 
 Def iuition 
 
 Pursue 
 
 Repast 
 
 Vil Han 
 
 Attor ney 
 
 Essen tial 
 
 Laths 
 
 Yacht 
 
 Mai ady 
 
 Lathe 
 
 Machine 
 
 Geog raphy 
 
 Adver sity 
 
 Eva si on 
 
 Syc am ore 
 
 Scythe 
 
 Pa gan 
 
 Ham mock 
 
 Reign 
 
 Sen sible 
 
 Umbrel la 
 
 Rein 
 
 Contsn tion 
 
 Night ingale 
 
 Deaf 
 
 
 LESSON II. 
 
 
 Accom modate 
 
 Precise 
 
 Tomor row 
 
 Imper ative 
 
 Unnec essary 
 
 Receive 
 
 Amel iorate 
 
 Cat alogue 
 
 Viet uals 
 
 Conge nial 
 
 Volunteer 
 
 Sure 
 
 llleg ible 
 
 Nic otine 
 
 Salu brious 
 
 Ship ped 
 
 Occur rence 
 
 Brigadier 
 
 Bouquet 
 
 Acclama tiou 
 
 Prej udice 
 
 Etiquette 
 
 Por ridge 
 
 Bleach 
 
 Recommend 
 
 Rec ipe 
 
 Matu rity 
 
 Compar ison 
 
 Ca ret 
 
 Inflex ible 
 
 Parch ment 
 
 Hop ing 
 
 Rev enue 
 
 Chim ney 
 
 Sem inary 
 
 Rheu matism 
 
 Miscella neous 
 
 Eudeav or 
 
 Daugh ter-in-law 
 
 Ad mirable 
 
 Cohe sive 
 
 Muse um 
 
 Whol ly 
 
 Per petrate 
 
 Shov el 
 
 Cat aract 
 
 Ker nel 
 
 Indict
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IS SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON III. 
 
 
 Grate ful 
 
 Leech 
 
 Zeph yr 
 
 Disci pie 
 
 Meri no 
 
 Dilem ma 
 
 Spec imen 
 
 Ruff iau 
 
 Syn dicate 
 
 Tobac co 
 
 Loz enge 
 
 Brief 
 
 Tur bine 
 
 Clem ency 
 
 Chap el 
 
 Proj ect 
 
 Satch el 
 
 So lo 
 
 Mis sile 
 
 Misdemean or 
 
 Exhil arate 
 
 Horn icide 
 
 Trill ion 
 
 Spig ot 
 
 Sentimen tal 
 
 Ad age 
 
 Des tiny 
 
 lias cal 
 
 Retrieve 
 
 Per sonal 
 
 Divine 
 
 Em phasis 
 
 Clas sicnl 
 
 Syl lable 
 
 Right eous 
 
 Vac uum 
 
 Ragamuf fin 
 
 Czar 
 
 Avalanche 
 
 Dil igent 
 
 Es say 
 
 Prev alence 
 
 Pla giarism 
 
 Appara tus 
 
 Bus tie 
 
 War rior 
 
 Vac cinate 
 
 Hei nous 
 
 
 LESSON IV. 
 
 
 Fas cinate 
 
 Wheth er 
 
 Tac tics 
 
 Choc olate 
 
 Disappear 
 
 Ac me 
 
 Rec ompense 
 
 Sleigh 
 
 Waltz 
 
 Cen BUS 
 
 Chore 
 
 Tris yllable 
 
 Rep u table 
 
 Mar iner 
 
 Aghast 
 
 Grand eur 
 
 Coun terfeit 
 
 Strych nine 
 
 Tri fle 
 
 Sin ew 
 
 Tier 
 
 piate 
 
 Cen sure 
 
 Ju venile 
 
 Ren dezvous 
 
 Sure ty 
 
 C e dar 
 
 Buoy ant 
 
 Au ditor 
 
 Fah renheit 
 
 Maj esty 
 
 asis 
 
 Ar seual 
 
 Itin erant 
 
 Exem plary 
 
 pium 
 
 Hurrah 
 
 Pell mell 
 
 Avoid 
 
 Exceed 
 
 Encour age 
 
 Stento rian 
 
 Mete 
 
 Qual ify 
 
 Her ring 
 
 Exag gerate 
 
 Weth er 
 
 Siege
 
 FIFTY LESSONS I.V SPELLING 
 
 
 LESSON V. 
 
 
 Inflamma tion 
 Prom issory 
 Sarsaparil la 
 Chalk 
 
 Divid ing 
 Shut tie 
 Ci pher 
 Re-enforce ment 
 
 Illu sion 
 Ref erence 
 Reprimand 
 En mity 
 
 Ser vant 
 Deci pher 
 O ral 
 
 Begile 
 Res pite 
 Discus sion 
 
 Car rot 
 Gazetteer 
 Dissen si on 
 
 Bronchi tis 
 
 Sua sion 
 
 Ammuni tion 
 
 Spec ul a to 
 Der rick 
 Span iel 
 Ab scesis 
 
 Alle viate 
 Magazine 
 Come ly 
 Pen cil 
 
 Por tico 
 Pecul iar 
 Repel 
 Lu bricate 
 
 Noi sy 
 
 Brooch 
 
 Dex terous 
 
 Seal lop 
 Rosette 
 
 Zool ogy 
 Tui tion 
 
 Ep itaph 
 Abol ish 
 
 Adroit 
 
 Crite rion 
 
 Offen sive 
 
 
 LESSON VI. 
 
 
 Seize 
 
 Attach ment 
 
 Thral dom 
 
 Vin egar 
 Haunt 
 
 Decease 
 Disease 
 
 Car nal 
 O'er 
 
 Rai merit 
 Bel fry 
 Squeeze 
 Chat tPl 
 
 Solemn 
 Dif ference 
 Yon der 
 Ex cellence 
 
 Hum ming-bird 
 Neigh bor 
 Cord ial 
 Climb 
 
 Min imum 
 Excite 
 Immor tal 
 Ten ement 
 
 Rouge 
 Allop athy 
 Prompt 
 Bri die 
 
 Al ways 
 Survey 
 Cin der 
 Jnconceiv able 
 
 Con scious 
 Precede 
 
 Imag inary 
 Dec orate 
 
 Unveil 
 Feat ure 
 
 Leg acy 
 Gourd 
 Priv ilege 
 
 Feign 
 Interlinea tion 
 Cy clone 
 
 Mer cantile 
 Cornuco pia 
 Hoax
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IX SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON VII 
 
 
 Cap ital 
 
 Am putate 
 
 Cem ent 
 
 Cap itol 
 
 Memoran dum 
 
 Mar shal 
 
 Nee essary 
 
 [nsep arable 
 
 Mar tial 
 
 Oc ular 
 
 Protege 
 
 Uintin guish 
 
 Don key 
 
 Extinct 
 
 Mir ror 
 
 Blud geon 
 
 As-ent 
 
 I'hal lenge 
 
 Tacit 
 
 Ascent 
 
 Mut ual 
 
 Spe cie 
 
 Pop lar 
 
 Ackuowl edgmeut 
 
 Intes tate 
 
 Glu coi-e 
 
 In timate 
 
 Fo liage 
 
 Ban quet 
 
 For tify 
 
 Assign ment 
 
 Discoun tenauce 
 
 And iron 
 
 Concede 
 
 Antique 
 
 Recede 
 
 Rhyme 
 
 Incen tive 
 
 Per secute 
 
 Rhythm 
 
 Terres tial 
 
 Appall 
 
 Bonn teous 
 
 Adhe sion 
 
 Isth mus 
 
 Submerge 
 
 Prognos ticate 
 
 Disbelief 
 
 
 LESSON VIII. 
 
 
 Transfer red 
 
 Suspense 
 
 Clam or 
 
 Can dor 
 
 Cru et 
 
 Obelisk 
 
 Hick ory 
 
 Spec tacle 
 
 Avid ity 
 
 Excep tion 
 
 Ver bal 
 
 Mean der 
 
 Gauge 
 
 Elu cidate 
 
 Infor mal 
 
 Las so 
 
 Bil lion 
 
 Expel 
 
 Crim son 
 
 Lapel 
 
 Func tion 
 
 To tal 
 
 Ille gal 
 
 Mor tise 
 
 Indeci sion 
 
 Al titude 
 
 Depos it 
 
 Pivot 
 
 O'clock 
 
 Car buncle 
 
 Cuck oo 
 
 Can vas 
 
 San guine 
 
 Trel lis 
 
 Can vass 
 
 Bowl 
 
 Doc ument 
 
 Partic ipate 
 
 Wors ted 
 
 Lan guid 
 
 Rec ognize 
 
 Incred ible 
 
 Disguise 
 
 Lu crative 
 
 Sar casm 
 
 Is olate 
 
 Phonog raphy 
 
 Al der
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IX SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON IX. 
 
 
 Hoe ing 
 
 Bar rack 
 
 Cho ral 
 
 Lyuch 
 
 Part ner 
 
 Sac rilege 
 
 Dai ry 
 
 Solv ency 
 
 Eel 
 
 Di ary 
 
 Apos trophe 
 
 Impel 
 
 Kangaroo 
 
 Per meate 
 
 Divis ible 
 
 Cathe dral 
 
 Intellect ual 
 
 Ravine 
 
 Advertise 
 
 Geneal ogy 
 
 Cor oner 
 
 Kitch en 
 
 Ver tical 
 
 Macad amize 
 
 Facil ity 
 
 Cleat 
 
 Encore 
 
 Ver diet 
 
 Min ion 
 
 Togeth er 
 
 Impet uous 
 
 Contu sion 
 
 Gestic ulate 
 
 1 vory 
 
 For midable 
 
 Impan el 
 
 Superfi cial 
 
 Tep id 
 
 Rise 
 
 On linary 
 
 Reluc tanco 
 
 Longev ity 
 
 Champagne 
 
 Arrears 
 
 An ecdote 
 
 Syn thesis 
 
 Mu cilage 
 
 Sed entary 
 
 
 LESSON X. 
 
 
 Unpar alleled 
 
 Imper tinent 
 
 Abil ity 
 
 Unprej udiced 
 
 Affil iate 
 
 Shoe ing 
 
 Max imum 
 
 Pal atable 
 
 Inac curate 
 
 Acad emy 
 
 Alread y 
 
 Hymene al 
 
 Vit riol 
 
 Launch 
 
 Fam ine 
 
 Dig it 
 
 Par lane 
 
 Bui wark 
 
 Simplic ity 
 
 Aq ueduct 
 
 Mis creant 
 
 Ignite 
 
 Brogue 
 
 Gran ite 
 
 Prepos terous 
 
 Stu dious 
 
 Engineer 
 
 Default er 
 
 Mor sel 
 
 Uudaunt ed 
 
 Brev ity 
 
 Tur nip 
 
 Hydraul ics 
 
 Gal lautry 
 
 Rn-ech o 
 
 Corpse 
 
 Clause 
 
 Vein 
 
 Gal lery 
 
 Des ert 
 
 Cor al 
 
 Co-op erate 
 
 Dessert 
 
 Su mach 
 
 Replen ish 
 
 Desert 
 
 Redu plicate 
 
 Hem isphere
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XI. 
 
 
 Supersede 
 
 Bois terous 
 
 Efface 
 
 Fee ble 
 
 Negotiate 
 
 Cav em 
 
 Couta giou 
 
 Opti cian 
 
 Dis tance 
 
 Impos tor 
 
 Tel egraph 
 
 Pref erence 
 
 Form al 
 
 Sane turn 
 
 Con sonant 
 
 At titude 
 
 Protract 
 
 Enough 
 
 Insane 
 
 Belle 
 
 For ceps 
 
 Ar chives 
 
 Aler riment 
 
 Eighth 
 
 Dismiss 
 
 Illicit 
 
 Conceal 
 
 In terval 
 
 Hymn 
 
 Fres co 
 
 Contin gent 
 
 Au ger 
 
 Deni al 
 
 Appari tion 
 
 Exec utor 
 
 A theism 
 
 Indif ferent 
 
 Suspi cion 
 
 Settee 
 
 Skel etou 
 
 In tricate 
 
 Fau cet 
 
 Res idence 
 
 Bom bast 
 
 Bis cuit 
 
 Transgress 
 
 Gen erous 
 
 Influen tial 
 
 . 
 
 LESSON XII. 
 
 
 Gel lar 
 
 Fos sil 
 
 Thief 
 
 Misspell 
 
 E quinox 
 
 Bade 
 
 Weird 
 
 Clum sy 
 
 Vet erinary 
 
 Or ange 
 
 Epis tie 
 
 Respect fully 
 
 Simulta neous 
 
 Beqeath 
 
 Prepossess 
 
 Lis ten 
 
 Syr inge 
 
 Arsenic 
 
 Plaid 
 
 Paid 
 
 Eathusiasm 
 
 Sciat ica 
 
 Vag abond 
 
 Quo tieut 
 
 Prov ender 
 
 Par eel 
 
 Mai ice 
 
 Provideu tial 
 
 Or phan 
 
 Remit taiice 
 
 Blur 
 
 Adjourn 
 
 Ster eotype 
 
 Flier 
 
 Gaunt 
 
 Equiv ocal 
 
 Gazette 
 
 Lad ing 
 
 Soph omore 
 
 Fern inine 
 
 Hon or 
 
 Assid uous 
 
 Ine briate 
 
 Exhaust 
 
 Disco ur teous 
 
 Descend 
 
 Cavalry 
 
 Reck on
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IX SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XIII. 
 
 
 Soci ety 
 
 Barom eter 
 
 Pit iful 
 
 Fiend 
 
 Sol itude 
 
 Sec retary 
 
 t or poral 
 
 Admoni tion 
 
 Ambi tion 
 
 Yen til ate 
 
 Jurisdic tion 
 
 Cas tigate 
 
 Face tious 
 
 DisburHe 
 
 Li oense 
 
 Trai tor 
 
 Pedal 
 
 Ore 
 
 Defi auce 
 
 Fero cious 
 
 Elys ium 
 
 Quin py 
 
 Cart age 
 
 Bev erage 
 
 Infinites imal 
 
 Mar riage 
 
 League 
 
 Ou el 
 
 Excheq uer 
 
 Ex cavate 
 
 Ernbez zle 
 
 Asso ciate 
 
 Ter race 
 
 Gar risou 
 
 Triv ial 
 
 Char latan 
 
 Interrupt 
 
 Cam eo 
 
 Li brary 
 
 Prepon derous 
 
 Hos pital 
 
 Cur renoy 
 
 Cas simere 
 
 Financier 
 
 Harangue 
 
 Pit tauce 
 
 Beach 
 
 Op tion 
 
 
 LESSON XIV. 
 
 
 Combus tible 
 
 Flim sy 
 
 Berth 
 
 Physiol ogy 
 
 Cul tivator 
 
 Birth 
 
 Af fable 
 
 Sap phire 
 
 Saga cious 
 
 Mon arch 
 
 Cre dence 
 
 Commence ment 
 
 Dipb thong 
 
 In stigate 
 
 Flex ible 
 
 Os dilate 
 
 Ves tibule 
 
 Anniver sary 
 
 Else where 
 
 Bureau 
 
 Ep ilepsy 
 
 A pex 
 
 Hack neyed 
 
 Cau tious 
 
 Wind lass 
 
 flha os 
 
 Fab ulous 
 
 Squeak 
 
 Guar dian 
 
 Dea con 
 
 Im plement 
 
 Eulogy 
 
 Quad rant 
 
 Beam 
 
 Serenade 
 
 Pre mium 
 
 Obei sance 
 
 Coali tiou 
 
 Mi croscope 
 
 Es sence 
 
 Mov ables 
 
 Penin sula 
 
 Scut tie 
 
 Indiscreet 
 
 Bux om 
 
 Affair 
 
 Lin eament 
 
 An thracite
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XV. 
 
 
 EC stasy 
 
 Two 
 
 Sacrile gious 
 
 Forbear a nee 
 
 Persever anee 
 
 Pique 
 
 Transmis sion 
 
 Ar duous 
 
 Except 
 
 Insol vent 
 
 Cyn ic 
 
 Accept 
 
 Inexcii sable 
 
 Bury 
 
 Shoul der 
 
 Diver sion 
 
 Eas el 
 
 Peti tion 
 
 Final 
 
 Unconcern 
 
 Bull ion 
 
 Eth ics 
 
 Cana ry 
 
 Anni hilate 
 
 Chlo roform 
 
 Disparage 
 
 Neu tral 
 
 Fierce 
 
 Es tiraate 
 
 Niece 
 
 Bowl der 
 
 Privateer 
 
 Adjoin 
 
 Inev itable 
 
 Res olute 
 
 Or ator 
 
 Fil ial 
 
 Cy press 
 
 Har tiiony 
 
 Cav ity 
 
 Administra tor 
 
 Affida vit 
 
 To 
 
 Exas pei ate 
 
 Ten ant 
 
 Too 
 
 Delir ium 
 
 Toi let 
 
 
 LESSON XVI 
 
 
 
 Fra grant 
 
 Em bryo 
 
 Assure 
 
 Corps 
 
 Geom etry 
 
 Colos sal 
 
 Sieve 
 
 Cul prit 
 
 Oppo nent 
 
 Econ omize 
 
 Trough 
 
 Sab bath 
 
 Car tridge 
 
 Flue 
 
 Corn ical 
 
 Outra geous 
 
 El igible 
 
 Indebt ed 
 
 Accrued 
 
 Hornceop athy 
 
 His tory 
 
 Cera etery 
 
 Bot any 
 
 Myr tie 
 
 Intercede 
 
 Parquet 
 
 Ab stiuence 
 
 Dimen sion 
 
 Aver sion 
 
 Ex ercife 
 
 Ap petite 
 
 Vague 
 
 Illus trate 
 
 Int'e rior 
 
 Immor al 
 
 Stag naut 
 
 Tom ahawk 
 
 Tar latan 
 
 In terest 
 
 Ow ing 
 
 Sphere 
 
 Ging ham 
 
 In nocent 
 
 Cro ny 
 
 Ficti tious 
 
 Squeal 
 
 Discreet 
 
 Cru cify
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XVII. 
 
 
 Vieiu ity 
 
 Enun ciate 
 
 Confiden tial 
 
 Weap on 
 
 Address 
 
 Guarantee 
 
 Syrn bol 
 
 loan imate 
 
 Guar anty 
 
 Twelfth 
 
 Preem inent 
 
 Bank rupt 
 
 Lu cid 
 
 Dispel 
 
 Reveal 
 
 Cam brie 
 
 Indom itable 
 
 Big amy 
 
 Tomb 
 
 Amal gamate 
 
 Yield 
 
 Auth^n tic 
 
 Remon strate 
 
 Ascertain 
 
 Ines tirnable 
 
 Hand kerchief 
 
 Plan et 
 
 Par agraph 
 
 Gsn ius 
 
 Chap lain 
 
 Car rion 
 
 Cal umny 
 
 Per fidy 
 
 Evap orate 
 
 O veralls 
 
 Propi tious 
 
 Rec oncile 
 
 Mor phine 
 
 Inexhaust ible 
 
 Jui cy 
 
 Consol id ate 
 
 Effect 
 
 Pal pable 
 
 Barouche 
 
 Affect 
 
 Reservoir 
 
 Defunct 
 
 Par adise 
 
 
 LESSON XVIII. 
 
 
 Prai rie 
 
 Occa sion 
 
 Trea son 
 
 Lunch eou 
 
 Bris tie 
 
 Condemn 
 
 Pha eton 
 
 Auspi eious 
 
 Fraud ulent 
 
 Brocade 
 
 Col or 
 
 Medic inal 
 
 Excommu nicate 
 
 Dul cimer 
 
 Accuse 
 
 Du rable 
 
 Inher it 
 
 Sub urb 
 
 lutroduc tory 
 
 Sewer 
 
 Com nient 
 
 Gira let 
 
 Twitch 
 
 Bol ster 
 
 Rar efy 
 
 Exposi tion 
 
 Pal ate 
 
 Inju rious 
 
 Rep til 
 
 Du plicate 
 
 Cymbal 
 
 Ambas sador 
 
 Sapra no 
 
 Percus siou 
 
 Libel 
 
 Bal cony 
 
 Ech o 
 
 Gos sip 
 
 Par tridge 
 
 Sane tify 
 
 Loi ter 
 
 Corrode 
 
 Felic ity 
 
 Accu mulate 
 
 Extraor dinary 
 
 Du teous 
 
 Mieenter pret 
 
 Unde viatingj
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IX SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XIX. 
 
 
 Des picable 
 
 Askew 
 
 Infu riate 
 
 Or in'ce 
 
 I vy 
 
 Exckima tiou 
 
 Consist ent 
 
 Ser viceable 
 
 Mili tia 
 
 Seam 
 
 Intersperse 
 
 Avoirdupois 
 
 Aspar agus 
 
 Li lac 
 
 Uten sil 
 
 Hes itate 
 
 Congrat ulate 
 
 Ably 
 
 Cham pion 
 
 Lief 
 
 Profl ciency 
 
 Serge 
 
 Distrib ute 
 
 Discommode 
 
 Home stead 
 
 Grat ify 
 
 Incor porate 
 
 Kiln-dry 
 
 At mosphere 
 
 Rough 
 
 Dissent 
 
 Chagrin 
 
 Dev a state 
 
 Opin ion 
 
 Ream 
 
 Subscrip tiou 
 
 luiq uitous 
 
 Iguomin ious 
 
 Ap erture 
 
 Franc- 
 
 Flan nel 
 
 Dissem ble 
 
 Can cer 
 
 Rat ify 
 
 Infer nal 
 
 Dodge 
 
 Chan uel 
 
 Chronom eter 
 
 
 LESSON XX. 
 
 
 Sep a rate 
 
 Christian ity 
 
 Twee zers 
 
 Ini tiatory 
 
 Nee die 
 
 Superb 
 
 Perceive 
 
 A crfc 
 
 Plumb er 
 
 Prospec tus 
 
 Sumpt uous 
 
 Pota to 
 
 In ventory 
 
 Panace a 
 
 Conges tiou 
 
 Change able 
 
 Explic it 
 
 Moment ous 
 
 Enor mous 
 
 Doc ile 
 
 Med al 
 
 Panora ma 
 
 Bev el 
 
 Med die 
 
 Conject ure 
 
 Num skull 
 
 Constella tion 
 
 Fac ile 
 
 Le gend 
 
 Bombazine 
 
 As terisk 
 
 Mou eys 
 
 Fluid 
 
 Cres cent 
 
 Rebate 
 
 Genteel 
 
 Har ass 
 
 lllit erate 
 
 Compar ative 
 
 Break fast 
 
 Bass 
 
 Kleptoma nia 
 
 Dec imal 
 
 Sat iu 
 
 Hu morous 
 
 Anat omy 
 
 Or thodox 
 
 Eques trian
 
 FIFTY LKSSONS IN SPELLING 
 
 
 LESSON XXI. 
 
 
 Neural pia 
 
 Plane 
 
 Compul siou 
 
 Lat tice 
 
 Mil liner 
 
 Dan druff 
 
 Sul phur 
 
 Picturesque 
 
 Rind 
 
 Ac id 
 
 Idol atry 
 
 Tor por 
 
 Crouch 
 
 Benight ed 
 
 Appear ance 
 
 Pal Hate 
 
 Salve 
 
 Cash mere 
 
 Clas sify 
 
 Enu merate 
 
 Lar ceny 
 
 Mon ogram 
 
 O uyx 
 
 Pi rate 
 
 Ter minate 
 
 Spi ral 
 
 Irreg ular 
 
 Frac tious 
 
 Magnanim ity 
 
 Decap itate 
 
 Bu ta-ba ga 
 
 Car cass 
 
 Can eel 
 
 Prelim inary 
 
 Lab yriiith 
 
 Emau cipate 
 
 Tes tament 
 
 Ado 
 
 Viva cious 
 
 Giant 
 
 Stim ulus 
 
 Intel ligible 
 
 Fluct uate 
 
 Contain inate 
 
 Extin guish 
 
 Amauuen sis 
 
 Hor ror 
 
 Access 
 
 
 LESSON XXII. 
 
 
 Au tumn 
 
 Coup le 
 
 Tour 
 
 Pul pit 
 
 Dense 
 
 Va riable 
 
 Croup 
 
 Tech nical 
 
 Hypoc risy 
 
 Sol dier 
 
 Com promise 
 
 Vane 
 
 Compli ance 
 
 Breech ing 
 
 Pal lid 
 
 Invei gle 
 
 Prod igal 
 
 Le nient 
 
 Let tuce 
 
 Am ethyst 
 
 Calain ity 
 
 Rec reate 
 
 Fer rule 
 
 Moroc co 
 
 Moun tain 
 
 Fer ule 
 
 Underrate 
 
 Graph ic 
 
 Abridg ment 
 
 Cleave 
 
 Devoid 
 
 Cup board 
 
 Begin ner 
 
 Paregor ic 
 
 Peev ish 
 
 Accede 
 
 Sane tion 
 
 Suscep tible 
 
 Dissim ilar 
 
 Melo deon 
 
 Men tal 
 
 Presumpt uous 
 
 Palsy 
 
 Guilt 
 
 Mi nor 
 
 Manufact ure 
 
 Abscond 
 
 Al ien
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING 
 
 
 LESSON XXIII. 
 
 
 Ag ile 
 
 Fet lock 
 
 Decep tion 
 
 Port able 
 
 Rem edy 
 
 Conviv ial 
 
 Re gion 
 
 Confis cate 
 
 Quar rel 
 
 Tran sient 
 
 Magiste rial 
 
 Ra zor 
 
 Val iant 
 
 Instill 
 
 Hub bub 
 
 Insip id 
 
 Wit ricisni 
 
 Ap oplexy 
 
 Antarc tic 
 
 Sen ior 
 
 Gam bol 
 
 Prob able 
 
 Oval 
 
 Ba sin 
 
 Enhance 
 
 Di vorce 
 
 Stag ger 
 
 Adept 
 
 Quit claim 
 
 Chron icle 
 
 Coarse ness 
 
 Com pliment 
 
 Direc tory 
 
 Fir kin 
 
 Merci ful 
 
 Det riment 
 
 Presiden tial 
 
 Commem orate 
 
 Device 
 
 Eu terprise 
 
 Nom iuate 
 
 Devise 
 
 Polyg amy 
 
 Etymol ogy 
 
 Rectan gular 
 
 A gency 
 
 Unfeigned 
 
 Deign 
 
 
 LESSON XXIV. 
 
 
 Naph tha 
 
 Par ticiple 
 
 Adjust 
 
 Vent ure 
 
 Blonde 
 
 Attend ance 
 
 Hoist 
 
 Orig inate 
 
 Respon sible 
 
 Ob solete 
 
 Croc odile 
 
 Amateur 
 
 Anal ysis 
 
 Referred 
 
 Fastid ious 
 
 Plague 
 
 Aocus torn 
 
 Ed ucate 
 
 Cashier 
 
 Tru ant 
 
 Unintel ligible 
 
 Op posite 
 
 Indefat igable 
 
 Gigan tic 
 
 Gouge 
 
 Placid 
 
 Achieve 
 
 Debris 
 
 Crum pie 
 
 Non sense 
 
 Abuu dance 
 
 Irrepress ible 
 
 Ei ther 
 
 Pig eou 
 
 Hurnil iate 
 
 Sel dom 
 
 Rav <! 
 
 Receipt 
 
 Daily 
 
 Catarrh 
 
 Battal ion 
 
 Nov ice 
 
 Sluice 
 
 Fal chiou 
 
 An tidote 
 
 Fort unate 
 
 Fur lough 
 
 Sched ule
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 15 
 
 
 LESSON XXV. 
 
 
 Acquaint ance 
 
 Plan ned 
 
 Sys tematize 
 
 Uncon scious 
 
 Hon eysuckle 
 
 Barba riaii 
 
 Acous tic 
 
 Concoct ing 
 
 Oys ter 
 
 Tradi tiou 
 
 Telephone 
 
 Can non 
 
 Grimace 
 
 Persist ence 
 
 Can on 
 
 Mus cular 
 
 Bay onet 
 
 Skein 
 
 Dissuade 
 
 Teeto taler 
 
 Guin ea 
 
 Unprin cipled 
 
 Intercept 
 
 Yolk 
 
 Bien nial 
 
 Sur name 
 
 Affright 
 
 Immac ulate 
 
 Veg etable 
 
 Maguif icent 
 
 Pit iable 
 
 Plan sible 
 
 Concen trate 
 
 Grieve 
 
 Artin' cial 
 
 Prim itive 
 
 Irra tional 
 
 Omnip otence 
 
 Duel 
 
 Erase 
 
 Excru cia te 
 
 Brit tie 
 
 Tiny 
 
 Ner vous 
 
 Mathemat ics 
 
 Comrau ni'-ate 
 
 Impor tant 
 
 Advice 
 
 
 LESSON XXVI. 
 
 
 Ini tial 
 
 Canoe 
 
 Complex ion 
 
 Opportu nity 
 
 Adieu 
 
 Af fluence 
 
 Boom erang 
 
 This tie 
 
 Hag gard 
 
 Car penter 
 
 Lad dei- 
 
 Felony 
 
 Heretofore 
 
 There 
 
 Metrop olis 
 
 Bana na 
 
 Relic 
 
 Car ol 
 
 Gait er 
 
 Gas ualty 
 
 Inca pable 
 
 Eter nal 
 
 Bush el 
 
 Toma to 
 
 Or chard 
 
 I'u neral 
 
 Biog raphy 
 
 Cease 
 
 Ev idence 
 
 Ven erate 
 
 Thee 
 
 Encom pass 
 
 Asy him 
 
 Benev olence 
 
 Kid nap 
 
 Towel 
 
 Com missary 
 
 Expres sive 
 
 Assault 
 
 Alter 
 
 Fur ther 
 
 Circu itous 
 
 Hye na 
 
 Brawn y 
 
 Mes merize 
 
 Burg lary 
 
 Fer vor 
 
 Impar tial
 
 HFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XXVII. 
 
 
 Busy 
 
 Irrev erent 
 
 Cra nium 
 
 Appar el 
 
 Statis tics 
 
 Polar 
 
 Coch ineal 
 
 Lyux 
 
 Stal wart 
 
 Awry 
 
 Tongue 
 
 Hy drant 
 
 Commens nrate 
 
 Recu perate 
 
 Dishon or 
 
 Dissyl lable 
 
 Viv id 
 
 Indul gent 
 
 Experi ment 
 
 Or deal 
 
 Al ligator 
 
 Dirge 
 
 Hal lot 
 
 Emer gency 
 
 Pos itive 
 
 Jus tice 
 
 Fete 
 
 Pol ysyllable 
 
 Cesea tiou 
 
 Accom modate 
 
 Cat erpillar 
 
 Humane 
 
 (ios samer 
 
 Appro priate 
 
 Fer tile 
 
 Esquire 
 
 Sum mary 
 
 Sponge 
 
 Bough 
 
 Rol lickiun 
 
 Wi ly 
 
 Intrep id 
 
 All .spice 
 
 Vanil la 
 
 Clean ly 
 
 Lease 
 
 Bui letiu 
 
 Fi nite 
 
 
 LESSON XXVIII 
 
 
 Seis sors 
 
 Mil itary 
 
 Consequen tial 
 
 Par allel 
 
 Unright eons 
 
 Ellipse 
 
 Agree a ble 
 
 Alac rity 
 
 Ten a cions 
 
 Impru dent 
 
 Fur niture 
 
 Cri sis 
 
 Ses sion 
 
 Ghost 
 
 Geol ogy 
 
 Exteu sive 
 
 Vital 
 
 Dem agogue 
 
 Pi ety 
 
 Tro phy 
 
 Proc ess 
 
 Uner ring 
 
 Mis tletoe 
 
 Ay 
 
 Pur port 
 
 Vindic tive 
 
 Ayo 
 
 Vi cious 
 
 Bruise 
 
 In ference 
 
 Ra tio 
 
 Aw J'ul 
 
 Coadjn tor 
 
 Promenade 
 
 Trag edy 
 
 Sau sage 
 
 Unan imous 
 
 Announce 
 
 Advanta geous 
 
 Sus tenance 
 
 Fir mament 
 
 Contradict 
 
 Pre mier 
 
 Recourse 
 
 Fu migate . 
 
 Srhol ar 
 
 Expo sure 
 
 Am icable
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IX SPELLING. 
 
 17 
 
 
 LESSON XXIX. 
 
 
 Lily 
 Leis ure 
 
 Lab oratory 
 An odyne 
 
 Riff raff 
 Pan el 
 
 Pam phlet 
 En vious 
 Alas 
 
 Parade 
 Frag ile 
 Penu rious 
 
 Jan itor 
 Bai ance 
 Solic itor 
 
 Scent 
 Shack IPS 
 
 Ad rial 
 Verba tim 
 
 Ghast ly 
 Aro ma 
 
 Accord iugly 
 Pen etrate 
 Recess 
 
 Ur chin 
 . Approv al 
 Pref ace 
 
 Rav enous 
 Black guard 
 Heif er 
 
 Possess 
 
 Bndu ranee 
 
 Mack erel 
 
 Couu teuancb 
 
 I'ueuino uia 
 
 Cadav erous 
 
 Demean or 
 Guess 
 
 flered itary 
 Ir on 
 
 Achere 
 Fie kle 
 
 Disrespect iul 
 Dol lar 
 
 Fools cap 
 Control 
 
 Rad ical 
 Ax le-tree 
 
 
 LESSON XXX. 
 
 
 Sig nature 
 Antic ipate 
 lo ta 
 
 Metal 
 Flea 
 Insuffi cieut 
 
 Biv ouac 
 Tro che 
 Asth ma 
 
 Def inite 
 
 Cous in 
 
 Dissolve 
 
 Trei:h ery 
 Cologne 
 Sand wich 
 
 Physi cian 
 Dye injz 
 Juuct ure 
 
 Oc cupy 
 Guile less 
 Ir ritable 
 
 Cor pulent 
 Sym pathy 
 Defen sive 
 
 Capri cioua 
 Profes sor 
 Glos sary 
 
 Hal ibut 
 Melo dious 
 Cur tain 
 
 Rig ging 
 Caus tic 
 Util ity 
 Ab sence 
 
 Val entire 
 Car icature 
 Fu gitive 
 Pal ette 
 
 Superscribe 
 Ad versa ry 
 Cir cuit 
 Sten cil 
 
 Occur rence 
 
 An imated 
 
 Car at 
 
 Atro cious 
 
 Though 
 
 Main moth
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IX SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XXXI. 
 
 
 Lu dicrous 
 
 Cough 
 
 Molas ses 
 
 A miable 
 
 Deter miue 
 
 Court-mar tial 
 
 Mon osyllable 
 
 Quar ry 
 
 Gra vy 
 
 Al cohol 
 
 From ise 
 
 Veloc ity 
 
 Flan tain 
 
 Impa tient 
 
 Demor alize 
 
 Dem onstrate 
 
 Reli ance 
 
 Ju bilee 
 
 Ide a 
 
 Obey 
 
 Cir cus 
 
 A lias 
 
 Eclipse 
 
 Salera tus 
 
 Recollect 
 
 luces sant 
 
 El ephant 
 
 Famil iar 
 
 Tel egram 
 
 Ten si on 
 
 Drawee 
 
 Ingrat itude 
 
 Depot 
 
 Presump tion 
 
 Chint/ 
 
 Quarantine 
 
 Appren tice 
 
 Meer scbaum 
 
 Perspire 
 
 Char ity 
 
 Cal omel 
 
 Bag gage 
 
 Lon gitude 
 
 Recruit 
 
 Spu rious 
 
 Stampede 
 
 Forbid ding 
 
 Cartoon 
 
 
 LESSON XXXII. 
 
 
 Neces sity 
 
 Del egate 
 
 Crochet 
 
 Bus in ess 
 
 Transcend 
 
 Submis sion 
 
 Whis tie 
 
 Admis sible 
 
 Cab bage 
 
 Bea con 
 
 Pathet ic 
 
 Jaun dice 
 
 Gos pel 
 
 Nego tiable 
 
 Elastic ity 
 
 Sen tence 
 
 Chow der 
 
 Fes tilence 
 
 Naught y 
 
 Benefi cial 
 
 There fore 
 
 Sub jugate 
 
 Trop ical 
 
 Browse 
 
 Clink er 
 
 Despair 
 
 Pin nacle 
 
 Subor dinate 
 
 Lu natic 
 
 Charge able 
 
 Compel 
 
 Iiiel egant 
 
 Odor 
 
 Irretriev able 
 
 Petro leum 
 
 Fag ot 
 
 Fu el 
 
 Chandelier 
 
 Prestige 
 
 Rogue 
 
 Knap sack 
 
 Feud 
 
 Man uscript 
 
 Tal ent 
 
 Tete a tete 
 
 Bait 
 
 lusin uate 
 
 Char ter
 
 FIKTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XXXIII. 
 
 
 Ridic ulous 
 
 Bar gaiu 
 
 ISeine 
 
 A gue 
 
 Dotn ino 
 
 LHU rel 
 
 Neg ative 
 
 Colli sion 
 
 Dy n a mite 
 
 Crease 
 
 Veil 
 
 Unchaugs able 
 
 Plea 
 
 Irreproach able 
 
 Loathe 
 
 Hieroglyph ic 
 
 Irrpsist ible 
 
 Ingen uous 
 
 Indestruct ible 
 
 Exteri uate 
 
 Eq uipage 
 
 Arrive 
 
 Sal ad 
 
 Pom ace 
 
 1'lu ral 
 
 Pros eeute 
 
 Fuch sia 
 
 Cas tor-oil 
 
 Per secute 
 
 Sub stitute 
 
 Preci t-iou 
 
 Char acter 
 
 Draught 
 
 Consum mate 
 
 Pul .sate 
 
 Tol erate 
 
 Recite 
 
 Def icit 
 
 Conuu drum 
 
 Em igrate 
 
 Parti tion 
 
 Jaunt 
 
 Im migrate 
 
 Bach elor 
 
 Chem ical 
 
 Mil tilate 
 
 Beef steak 
 
 Intag! io 
 
 
 LES-SOX XXX IV. 
 
 
 Di amond 
 
 Pen sion 
 
 An archy 
 
 Bor ough 
 
 Anon yinoua 
 
 Con crete 
 
 Pa tient 
 
 Equa tor 
 
 Inconsis tent 
 
 lucu rable 
 
 Nus tril 
 
 Commis sion 
 
 EQ ergy 
 
 Antip athy 
 
 Suf frage 
 
 Convny auce 
 
 Prec edent 
 
 Va ry 
 
 Lyre 
 
 Co pious 
 
 Icy 
 
 lu finite 
 
 Gos ling 
 
 Abyss 
 
 Neg ligeut 
 
 Pal pitate 
 
 Nonpareil 
 
 Allay 
 
 Bil iou.s 
 
 Coun cil 
 
 Univer sity 
 
 Demur 
 
 Coun sel 
 
 E^pou sal 
 
 Tariff 
 
 Sin gular 
 
 Diagno sis 
 
 Tan gible 
 
 Euig ma 
 
 Pen a nee 
 
 Reimburse 
 
 Percent age 
 
 Appease 
 
 Anal ogy 
 
 Cur rent 
 
 As sets 
 
 Transpar ent 
 
 Cur rant
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN* SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XXXV. 
 
 
 Pres ents 
 
 Obe dient 
 
 Seize 
 
 Pres ence 
 
 Mis erable 
 
 Cel ebrate 
 
 Ly ing 
 
 Relig ion 
 
 Muf fle 
 
 Mara ma 
 
 Good-by 
 
 Doz en 
 
 Mis chief 
 
 Cis tern 
 
 Sew 
 
 Mis chievous 
 
 Tern poral 
 
 Cheat 
 
 Synon ymous 
 
 Imme diately 
 
 Nei th^r 
 
 LUXH riant 
 
 Respect fully 
 
 Caboose 
 
 Pronuncia tion 
 
 Respect ively 
 
 Immense 
 
 Cour teous 
 
 Respect ably 
 
 Stile 
 
 Drug gist 
 
 Den" cient 
 
 Style 
 
 In vet erate 
 
 Tab f^rnacle 
 
 Satisfac torily 
 
 Pas senger 
 
 Pur chase 
 
 Ve hemence 
 
 Benzinp 
 
 Grotesque 
 
 Peru sal 
 
 Di alogue 
 
 Pre cious 
 
 Theoret ical 
 
 Helve 
 
 ludef inite 
 
 Straight 
 
 LESSON XXXVI. 
 
 Cap tain 
 
 Me dium 
 
 Certif icate 
 
 Rec tify 
 
 Cal ico 
 
 Unscru pulous 
 
 Confec tionery 
 
 Phar macy 
 
 Gest ure 
 
 Embroid er 
 
 Indepen dent 
 
 Due at 
 
 Su icide 
 
 Through 
 
 Tes timony 
 
 Condu cive 
 
 Beseech 
 
 Paral ysis 
 
 Pal sam 
 
 Judi cioue 
 
 Caprice 
 
 Col loquy 
 
 Approx imate 
 
 Rum mage 
 
 Pease 
 
 Stat ute 
 
 Interfere 
 
 Hap pily 
 
 Hila rious 
 
 Bal lad 
 
 Sac rament 
 
 Def erence 
 
 Pu rity 
 
 Bob bin 
 
 Fanat ic 
 
 Absurd 
 
 Celeb rity 
 
 Va negated 
 
 Fleece 
 
 Gal Ion 
 
 Refu sal 
 
 Disinher it 
 
 Dyspep sia 
 
 Remit tance 
 
 Creroa tiou 
 
 Intim idate 
 
 Superintend ent 
 
 Sup plemeut
 
 HFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 21 
 
 
 LESSON XXXVII 
 
 
 Burlesque 
 
 Phase 
 
 Conven ient 
 
 Cus toruer 
 
 Ar chitect 
 
 Screech 
 
 Vault 
 
 Shriv el 
 
 Ag grandize 
 
 Sur cingle 
 
 Hos tile 
 
 Ce reals 
 
 Or chestra 
 
 Lin en 
 
 Flor id 
 
 Implic it 
 
 Prosa ic 
 
 Hy acinth 
 
 Pal ace 
 
 Com modore 
 
 Tar tar 
 
 Guest 
 
 Re gal 
 
 Dy ing 
 
 Tres tie 
 
 Ea sy 
 
 Pyr amid 
 
 Flip pint 
 
 Waive 
 
 Ac curacy 
 
 Mor al 
 
 Ed ifice 
 
 Salt rheum 
 
 Ba con 
 
 Descend ant 
 
 Exor bitant 
 
 L(-op ard 
 
 Promis cuous 
 
 Min strel 
 
 Ni trogeu 
 
 Inter pret 
 
 Hallelu jab 
 
 Zouave 
 
 Masquerade 
 
 Dandeli on 
 
 Invis ible 
 
 Buz zard 
 
 Gla zier 
 
 LESSON XXXVIII. 
 
 Sta tionary 
 
 Tern perance 
 
 Betroth 
 
 Sta tiouery 
 
 Au dible 
 
 Coincide 
 
 Appen dix 
 
 Cir cumstance 
 
 Dete riorate 
 
 Pan tomime 
 
 Por celain 
 
 Pi ous 
 
 Brand new 
 
 Blun der 
 
 Mag istrate 
 
 Post al 
 
 Tax idermy 
 
 Benef icent 
 
 Al abaster 
 
 Conirao dious 
 
 Impeach 
 
 Deuce 
 
 Sub tie 
 
 Insurrec tion 
 
 Recur rence 
 
 Agares sor 
 
 Dispense 
 
 Placard 
 
 Pbenoin enun 
 
 Pet ulant 
 
 Gal lows 
 
 Lev ity 
 
 Concus sion 
 
 Jean 
 
 Bios som 
 
 Persuade 
 
 Procras tinate 
 
 Violin 
 
 Espe cial 
 
 Indispen sable 
 
 Dec alogue 
 
 Grey hound 
 
 Mor tar 
 
 Iden tical 
 
 Pow wow 
 
 Del icate 
 
 Mat tress 
 
 Rite
 
 FIFTY LliSSONS IN SPELLING 
 
 
 LESSON XXXIX 
 
 
 Per manent 
 
 Creden tial 
 
 Equiv alent 
 
 Dolib erate 
 
 Alii ance 
 
 Crev ice 
 
 Mur mur 
 
 Fidel ity 
 
 Phrenol ogy 
 
 Bar rel 
 
 Cotifes sion 
 
 Applaud 
 
 Supersti tion 
 
 Elegy 
 
 Wright 
 
 Relieve 
 
 Predom inate 
 
 Gut tural 
 
 Oonstitn tion 
 
 Horizon tal 
 
 Boy cott 
 
 Tci- ritory 
 
 Rehearse 
 
 Sac rifice 
 
 Ac-corn pliee 
 
 Haugh ty 
 
 Whoa 
 
 Cir riuge 
 
 Capa cious 
 
 Severe 
 
 Dumb 
 
 Horn age 
 
 Chas tist ment 
 
 Trien nial 
 
 Rar ity 
 
 Spe cialty 
 
 Com rade 
 
 Epideni ic 
 
 Flour ish 
 
 Liz ard 
 
 Post script 
 
 Forfeit 
 
 Deinol ish 
 
 Blaspheme 
 
 Ceu tral 
 
 Nour ish 
 
 Trapeze 
 
 Nox ious 
 
 
 LESSON XL. 
 
 
 Dissatisfac tiou 
 
 Deli cious 
 
 Traf ticking 
 
 Grim inal 
 
 Peer 
 
 Cov etous 
 
 Sur face 
 
 Gnaw 
 
 Invalid 
 
 Allege 
 
 Fab ric 
 
 Ame nable 
 
 Las situde 
 
 Rout 
 
 Reg iment 
 
 Forebode 
 
 Route 
 
 For eign 
 
 Lat itude 
 
 Propel 
 
 Intermit tent 
 
 Com et 
 
 Mas sacre 
 
 Ascend 
 
 Pala tial 
 
 Bal last 
 
 Illus trious 
 
 Impu nit.v 
 
 Pappoose 
 
 Ped igree 
 
 Obnox ious 
 
 Contempt ible 
 
 Ver it'y 
 
 Er raud 
 
 Reprieve 
 
 Sal ary 
 
 Ed ible 
 
 Suf focate 
 
 Jeop ardy 
 
 Trib une 
 
 Inim itable 
 
 Cer tain 
 
 Democ racy 
 
 Polonaise 
 
 Ster eoscope 
 
 Free ipice 
 
 luel iaible 
 
 Disfrau chise
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 23 
 
 
 LESSON XLI. 
 
 
 Prej udice 
 
 Frig id 
 
 Ma jor 
 
 Adja cent 
 
 Scaf fold 
 
 Tai lor 
 
 Precep tor 
 
 Altogeth er 
 
 Stand ard 
 
 E got ism 
 
 Prac ticable 
 
 Ad miral 
 
 Pit eous 
 
 Doc trine 
 
 En viable 
 
 Mes seuger 
 
 Ini pions 
 
 Breathe 
 
 Relapse 
 
 U niform 
 
 Salm on 
 
 An nals 
 
 Poi sou 
 
 Human ity 
 
 Peel 
 
 Circum ference 
 
 Nav igate 
 
 Pic nic 
 
 Valid 
 
 Hogs head 
 
 An gular 
 
 Gnash 
 
 Wretch 
 
 Fru gal 
 
 Pierce 
 
 Fil lar 
 
 Bi as 
 
 Instauta neous 
 
 Elab orate 
 
 See nery 
 
 No tary 
 
 Mys tery 
 
 Lemonade 
 
 Par asol 
 
 Obit uary 
 
 Indus trious 
 
 Substan tial 
 
 Ineffi cimt 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES. 
 
 WORDS COMMONLY USED IN BUSINESS. 
 
 Inventory 
 
 Freight 
 
 Remittance 
 
 Invoice 
 
 Judgment 
 
 Telegram 
 
 Wholesale 
 
 Account 
 
 Occurrence 
 
 Syndicate 
 
 LESSON XLII. 
 
 Resources 
 
 Accrued 
 
 Commercial 
 
 Acknowledgment 
 
 Recommend 
 
 Competition 
 
 Negotiable 
 
 Acceptance 
 
 Insurance 
 
 Convenience 
 
 Business 
 
 Warranty 
 
 Concede 
 
 Respectfully 
 
 Valid 
 
 Owing 
 
 Injunction 
 
 Dividend 
 
 Currency 
 
 Bargain
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING 
 
 
 LESSON XL1II. 
 
 
 Lease 
 
 Plaintiff 
 
 Remunerate 
 
 Teller 
 
 Creditor 
 
 Concession 
 
 Quotations 
 
 Allowance 
 
 Mortgage 
 
 Ledger 
 
 Confidence 
 
 Accommodation 
 
 Execution 
 
 Package 
 
 Commerce 
 
 Gauging 
 
 Shipped 
 
 Collector 
 
 Assignee 
 
 Consignee 
 
 Maturity 
 
 Tariff 
 
 Experience 
 
 Approximate 
 
 Preferred 
 
 Usury 
 
 Conveyance 
 
 Attachment 
 
 Certified 
 
 Envelope 
 
 Coupon 
 
 Expense 
 
 Monopoly 
 
 Payee 
 
 Immediate 
 
 Deficit 
 
 Classification 
 
 Appraisal 
 
 Balance 
 
 Manifest 
 
 Cornmodilies 
 
 Indemnity 
 
 Liabilities 
 
 Receiver 
 
 Capital 
 
 Reference 
 
 Guarantee 
 
 Void 
 
 
 LESSON XLIV. 
 
 
 Interest 
 
 Lien 
 
 Stenographer 
 
 Calendar 
 
 Liquidate 
 
 Journal 
 
 Voucher 
 
 Proceeds 
 
 Soliciting 
 
 Statement' 
 
 Katify 
 
 Pecuniary 
 
 Compliments 
 
 License 
 
 Confidential 
 
 Bankrupt 
 
 Partnership 
 
 Premium 
 
 Promissory 
 
 Counterfeit 
 
 Barrel 
 
 Collateral 
 
 Abbreviate 
 
 Chattel 
 
 Weight 
 
 Infringement 
 
 Deposit 
 
 Affidavit 
 
 Embezzlement 
 
 Bushel 
 
 Damaire 
 
 Protest 
 
 Tonnage 
 
 Deferred 
 
 Compensation 
 
 Average 
 
 Copyright 
 
 Indorsement 
 
 Baggage 
 
 Notary 
 
 Auditor 
 
 Schedule 
 
 Administrator 
 
 Discrepancy 
 
 Responsibility 
 
 Mucilage 
 
 Commission 
 
 Amanuensis
 
 FIKTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XLV. 
 
 
 Excellence 
 
 Chronicle 
 
 Commencement 
 
 Preference 
 
 Reciprocity 
 
 Promenade 
 
 Cemetery 
 
 Perseverance 
 
 Admittance 
 
 Catarrh 
 
 Equivalent 
 
 Comrade 
 
 Independent 
 
 Aqueduct 
 
 Monopoly 
 
 Specimen 
 
 Mucilage 
 
 Obstacle 
 
 Privilege 
 
 Recommend 
 
 Catechism 
 
 Apoplexy 
 
 Enthusiasm 
 
 Discipline 
 
 Paroxysm 
 
 Sacrilegious 
 
 Variety 
 
 Assets 
 
 Site 
 
 Negotiable 
 
 Opportunity 
 
 Separate 
 
 Twelfth 
 
 Hypocrisy 
 
 Tenant 
 
 Beginner 
 
 Precision 
 
 Prejudice 
 
 Pronunciation 
 
 Implement 
 
 Parachute 
 
 Ascertain 
 
 Vaccinate 
 
 Intellectual 
 
 Lucrative 
 
 Promissory 
 
 Dessert 
 
 Architect 
 
 
 LESSON XLVI. 
 
 
 Pursue 
 
 Asthma 
 
 Despair 
 
 Vehicle 
 
 Supersede 
 
 Ridiculous 
 
 Villain 
 
 Syringe 
 
 Mischievous 
 
 Accommodate 
 
 Delirium 
 
 Paralysis 
 
 Abolish 
 
 Annihilate 
 
 Exorbitant 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Impossible 
 
 Ineligible 
 
 Victuals 
 
 Appetite 
 
 Gratuitous 
 
 Occurrence 
 
 Abstinence 
 
 Reminiscence 
 
 Disciple 
 
 Vicinity 
 
 Icicle 
 
 Prairie 
 
 Initiatory 
 
 Illegible 
 
 Diligent 
 
 Harass 
 
 Tyranny 
 
 Exhilarate 
 
 Amateur 
 
 Competent 
 
 Grandeur 
 
 Teetotaler 
 
 Prevalence 
 
 Reference 
 
 Parallel 
 
 Rendezvous 
 
 Cylinder 
 
 Absence 
 
 Exceed 
 
 Calendar 
 
 Fugitive 
 
 Exaggerate
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IX SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XLVIL 
 
 
 Dissension 
 Seize 
 Transferred 
 Genuine 
 Genealogy 
 Sacrilege 
 Pierce 
 
 Exchequer 
 License 
 Charlatan 
 Acquiesce 
 Oscillate 
 Obeisance 
 Souveuir 
 
 Accumulate 
 Despicable 
 Iniquitous 
 Serviceable 
 Militia 
 Utensil 
 Ventilate 
 
 Simplicity' 
 Diminutive 
 Optician 
 Illicit 
 Excrescence 
 
 Perennial 
 Disparage 
 Ragamuffin 
 Affidavit 
 Accrued 
 
 Pneumatic 
 illiterate 
 Orthodox 
 Neuralgia 
 Testament 
 
 Stereotype 
 Sophomore 
 Convalescent 
 Interrupt 
 
 Eligible 
 Fictitious 
 Gauge 
 Chaplain 
 
 Idolatry 
 Labyrinth 
 Stimulus 
 Appearance 
 
 
 LESSON XLV1II 
 
 
 Consonant 
 Underrate 
 
 Summary 
 Statistics 
 
 Pestilence 
 Feud 
 
 Dissimilar 
 
 Bulletin 
 
 Ridiculous 
 
 Commemorate 
 
 Leisure 
 
 Mutilate 
 
 Providential 
 Naphtha 
 Sluice 
 Referred 
 
 Pamphlet 
 Signature 
 Palsy 
 Obsolete 
 
 Deficit 
 Bachelor 
 Fuchsia 
 Courteous 
 
 Humiliate 
 Persistence 
 Plausible 
 
 Capricious 
 Dissolve 
 Ludicrous 
 
 Vehemence 
 Variegated 
 Prosaic 
 
 Magnanimity 
 Banana 
 
 Alcohol 
 Meerschaum 
 
 Accomplice 
 Inimitable 
 
 Burglary 
 Abridgment 
 Positive 
 
 Jubilee 
 Petroleum 
 Chandelier 
 
 Indefatigable 
 Integrity 
 Preparation
 
 FIFTY LESSONS IN SPELLING. 
 
 
 LESSON XLIX. 
 
 
 Allegiance 
 
 Frolic 
 
 Fricassee 
 
 Toboggan 
 
 Nuisance 
 
 Subterranean 
 
 Caterpillar 
 
 Obstinate 
 
 Subpoena 
 
 Parliament 
 
 Liniment 
 
 Fac simile 
 
 Pleurisy 
 
 Erysipelas 
 
 Indelible 
 
 Criticise 
 
 Chargeable 
 
 Vicissitude 
 
 Irreparable 
 
 Miracle 
 
 Hemorrhage 
 
 Physique 
 
 Extravagant 
 
 Prodigal 
 
 Sustenance 
 
 Emanate 
 
 Heresy 
 
 Acute 
 
 Diphtheria 
 
 Lacerate 
 
 Baptize 
 
 Elixir 
 
 Infallible 
 
 Exquisite 
 
 Mutilate 
 
 Nonpareil 
 
 Capricious 
 
 Auxiliary 
 
 Unscrupulous 
 
 Protestant 
 
 Trespass 
 
 Studious 
 
 Pecuniary 
 
 Inaugurate 
 
 lieligiori . 
 
 Bivouac 
 
 Incompetent 
 
 Necessary 
 
 
 LESSON L. 
 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Mediterranean 
 
 Suicide 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 St. Augustine 
 
 Surcingle 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Icy 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Nicaragua 
 
 Dyeing 
 
 Ann Arbor 
 
 Quito 
 
 Laboratory 
 
 February 
 
 San Jose 
 
 Pneumonia 
 
 Havana 
 
 Wednesday 
 
 Busy 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Yo semite 
 
 Surname 
 
 Boise City 
 
 Worcester 
 
 Owing 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Assassin 
 
 Censure 
 
 Omaha 
 
 Describe 
 
 Bouquet 
 
 Chautauqna 
 
 Financial 
 
 Hypothesis 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Singeing 
 
 Accordion 
 
 Nevfida 
 
 Mosquito 
 
 Mimicking 
 
 Santa Fe 
 
 Martyr 
 
 Lose 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Bicycle 
 
 Misspell
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 JWG 2 
 
 ormL9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 
 
 TTNTVERSITY ot CALIFUKhiA 
 
 AT 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 Husick's 
 
 unjr- 
 fidectic shorthand. 
 
 
 Z56 
 M97me 
 
 
 A 000 573 571 7