ma ■'% ^ i-iy 'C!UJll?J-iy' =3 "'^JlijftViUi- ^ S '^ 53 ^&;t ^ ^'' "■^ CO *-- -I ^QFCAUFOfi'^ ^OFCAllFOff,^^ .^ME'UNIVERV/A kT FR% ^vlOSAKCFl£ju ^.OFCA1JFO% '^^Awaaii#' ^^.OFCAllFO^,^ m en :5 /«=>'» »• § o %a]AiNn-3HV^ ^lOSANCElfx> ■^/ia3AlNa-3WV ^l-UBRARYQ^ ^ '^ymim-i^'^ •^(?Aavaaiii^ ^' "^ ■ .^ - ■'■■ ^-^^"nl ^l-llBRARYQc. A^^tUBRARYQ^^ ^OF-CAllF0P4j. ^OFCAllFO^ 11^ ^- « ■-<-— ^ -Tl AMEUNIVERJ/a ^ '■Jil]3,W-S0V ">ANr,nfn '■tr. "-' ■"■■ -^ '^/^aHAINfllftV^ j^HIBRARYQf^ -V . — m — ^ ^,C\F-CALIFO%^ ^-^\^FUf)|VERy/^ _^vlOSAKGFlfj^ imv •S^ ^QFCAIIFOP^^^ ^m .o,f.: .in^iwrnrr. MmDApYi?/. ^HlBRARYQc. .^MEl)NIVER% . ^\ •XL?; s ^ w^ ■^vmiTO-io^ "'- i"^ .inF-rAiimi?^. -;V^F•lIWIVFP^/^. -•« MkflU mj I t>/. aWE-1)NIVER5/a. ^vvlOSAN'CE^Tx ^MUBRARYQc^ THE LIFE AND ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE OF SIR GEORGE RADCLIFFE, KNIGHT, LL. D. THE FRIEND OF THE EARL OF STRAFFORD. BY THOMAS DUNHAM WHITAKER, LI.. D. F.S.A. VICAR OF WHALLEY IN LANCASHIRE. RARO EMINENTES VIRI NON MAGNIS ADIVTORIBVS AD GVBERNANDAM FORTUNAM SVAM VSI SVNT ETENIM MAGNA NEGOTIA MAGNIS ADIVTO- RIBVS EGENT — INTERESXaUE REIP. aVOD VSV NECESSARIVM ET DIGNI- TATE EMINERE VTILITATEMaVE AVCTORITATE MVNIRI. Veil. Paterculus, L. 2. LONDON: PRINTED BY JOHN NICHOLS AND SON, Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street; AND SOLD BY LONGMAN, HURST, REES, AND ORME, PATERNOSTER ROW; EDWARDS, HALIFAX ; AND FORD, MANCHESTER. 1810. TO RICHARD HENRY BEAUMONT, Esq. OF WHITLEY BEAUMONT, IN YORKSHIRE, F. S. A. THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED, AS A MEMORIAL OP THE UNINTERRUPTED AND PLEASING INTERCOURSE ON ANTIQUARIAN SUBJECTS WHICH HAS LONG SUBSISTED BETWEEN HIMSELF AND THE COMPILER ; AND AS AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE MANY LITERARY OBLIGATIONS CONFERRED BY HIM UPON THE LATTER, DURING THE PROGRESS OF TWO LABORIOUS WORKS, ALREADY IN THE POSSESSION OF THE PUBMC ^DJ) li/0 ii,5GGrfr» ADVERTISEMENT TO THE READER. JL O the friendship and curiosity of Mr. Beaumont I was indebted for my knowledge of the existence of these Letters ; while the copious extracts from them, with which his intel- ligence was accompanied, excited in my mind a considerable degree of anxiety to obtain a sight of the originals. On the application of my respectable friend the Rev. Mr. RoBERSON'', this favour was very obligingly granted by Mrs. Elmsall the owner, together with a permission to make any use of their contents which I might deem expedient. On a careful perusal I thought them too valuable to be left to the fate of many similar collections, which, having neither been printed nor placed in any great national repo- sitory of ancient papers, have either perished in the changes of family property, or remain perpetually exposed to that calamity. In the following Work, however, I am scarcely to be con- sidered in any other light than that of an Editor, having « Of Heakl's Hall, near Leeds. VI merely prefixed to the Letters a short account of the Writer's earUer years, and subjoined to them some reflexions on his conduct as a pubUc man ; together with a short nan-ation of his exile and death. Besides this, a few explanatory notes, where explanation appeared to be wanted, will be found to constitute all which I can lay claim to as an author. On the whole, this Volume may be considered as a sequel to the Collection of " Lord Strafford's Letters ;" to the Editor of which, the contents of it were evidently unknown ; and for that reason, had the quantity of matter pei'mitted, it would have been expanded into a thin folio, in order to bind up uniformly with that magnificent work. By means, indeed, of Carte's " Life of Ormond," and " Thurloe's State Pa- pers," this object might still have been accomplished, had not an aversion to the modern arts of book-making long since determined me, in every Collection which I might lay before the Public, to confine myself to original matter. The History of Sir George Radcliffe's Letters, for which the Reader will naturally feel some curiosity, is briefly this : Mr. Thomas Radcliffe, the only child of the Author, died at Dublin in 1679, not only without issue, but without any very near collateral relatives on the father's side ; in conse- Vll quence of whlcli, and of that influence which servants have sometimes the merit and oftener the cunning to acquire over wealthy old hachclors, he was induced to divide his property, hv will, hetween a maternal aunt and a confidential domestic. The paternal estate and family house at Overthorpe were soon after sold hy his executors, I helieve immediately to the Elmsall family, hy uhom, according to the hest information I have been ahle to obtain, these Letters, &c, were dis- covered in an old neglected trunk or bureau, and have ever since been preserved with the care and respect to which they are entitled. T. D. W. THE LIFE OF SIR GEORGE RADCLIFFE. The toAATi of Radcliffe, or Red Cliflfe, in the county of Lancaster, so called from a rock of that colour which there overhangs the river Irwell, gave name to a family, who, having been lords of the manor and patrons of the advowson beyond the period to which records extend, rose almost to the summit of Enghsh Nobility under the title of Earls of Sussex. The magnificent remains of their mansion have been noticed in another work \ The branches from this antient stock were numerous and fortunate : in the county of Lancaster alone the name of Radcllife long flourished m wealth and honour; at Wimmersley and Clitheroe (the imme- diate ancestors of the House of Derwentwater), at Ordsall, Edgworth, Chadderton, Foxdenton, and Todmorden. From a History of Whalley, p. 401. B 2 the last of these, ^hlch was transplanted to that place by William de RadclifFe in the reign of Edward III. descended the subject of this memoir. Todmorden is, or rather was, before the introduction of manufactories, a sequestered and beautiful \'illage at the foot of Blackstonedge, in the parish of Rochdale, situated at the junction of three valleys, aa hose sides are hung with native oak. It was then accessible only to single horses, and, like the seats of some wealthy families in the bosom of Wales at present, re- fused to its owner the accommodation of a carriage. Adjoin- ing to the Manor-house is the parochial Chapel, which, in the total absence of A^ritten evidence, I conjecture from circum- stances to have been built by the family in the reign of Henry VIII. the Parish-church of Rochdale lying at the distance of nine miles — and in the church-yard stiU remain several plain tomb-stones of the Radcliffes, of which three only have inscriptions, the rest being marked only by the armorial bearings of the family, \Adthout impalements. The manor-house itself was rebuilt by Savlle Radcliffe, esq. about the beginning of the reign of Charles I. as appears from his arms yet remaining in the dining-room, and impaling the coat of Catherine Hyde of Norbuiy his last wife. About the end of the reign of Edward III. William de RadclifFe of Todmorden acquired the manor of Great Mereley, near Clitheroe, by man^jing Agnes daughter and coheiress of Sir Richard de Greenacres of that place ; and from that time to their extinction, the family, according to the custom of those days, resided upon each of their estates alternately, in order to occupy their domains, \^hlch could not be demised to tenants but to great disadvantage, and to consume their produce, for which there was no market. v In the Church of Clitheroe is a family choir, appropriated to the manor of Mereley, in which several of the Radcliffes are interred, but without any memorial. The last male of this antient name in the direct line Mas Joshua RadcllfFe, esq. who dying young in 1676 left an only daughter Anne, afterwards manied to Roger Mainwaring, esq. of Kerrincham in Cheshire. Mainwaring was a profligate man, and successively dissipated all the estates of the family. But long after the alienation of Mereley the house was inhaljited by Savile Radcliffe, gi-eat uncle of the last possessor, and son of Savile RudcliiFe by Catherine Hyde of Norbury, through whom he was nearly related to Lord Chancellor Hyde ^, and con- sequently to the reigning Sovereign Queen Anne ; — yet this man died in a situation little above want, upon an annuity b See Lord Clarendon's Life by himself, vol. I. p. 1 . — The Pedigree stands thus : Robert Hyde, esq. of Norbuiy.^ Robert Hyde.=j= Laurence Hyde.=p '— 1 I ' 1. Roger Nowell,=Cathariiie.=j=2. Savile Rad- Henry Hyde.= of Read, esq. died 1633. r Savile Radcliffe, cliffe, esq. p T Edward Hyde, ^ Eaii of Clarendon, j died 17 13. Ajine Duchess of york.=j= I ■ ^1 Queen Mary. Queen Anire. adapted to the habits and expeiices of the foregoing cen- tury ". To account for the style and spirit of the' first series of letters in the follownig collection, it may be proper to observe, that the Radcliffes, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and her successor, were a religious family, somewhat tinctui'ed with the prejudices of Puritanism. This appears from the charac- teristic fondness of that party for Old Testament names, as Joshua, Jeptha, Jonas, Caleb ; all of which occur, and some more than once, in the compass of two generations. But the fact was this : — ^Tlie first Protestant vicar of Rochdale was Robert Midglev, a pious, active, and useful parish minister, whose fervid preaching and useful example, continued by the blessing of Providence for almost half a century, were the means of reclaiming many dissolute persons, and of gi\'ing a tincture of seriousness and sobriety to the whole parish''. These excellent qualities were in some degree allayed by that unhappy aversion to some of the ceremonies of the •^ The annexed Pedigrees, for which I am principally indebted to the kindness of William Radcliffe, esq. Rouge Croix, will explain at one view all the connexions of the Todmorden Radcliffes with the Wentworths, Saviles, and Wandesfords. d At an obscure Inn in North Wales, I once met with a very interesting account of Midgley in a collection of Lives of pious Persons made about the time of Charles I. ; but I have forgotten the title, and have never since been able to obtain the booL Church, which then possessed many pious minds, though vnthout a tincture of that acrimony against its general con- stitution M'hich in the next generation broke out with such fatal violence. , This man was, during the long period I have mentioned, the parish minister of the RadclifFes ; the inferior clergy of the parish which were of his appointment, would surely be selected from men of kindred dispositions ; and it is more than probable that those of whom I Avrite are at this moment blessing him and them as the instruments of their salvation. Midgley has had more than one successor of a congenial spirit. Let not those who have followed, wholly ascribe the com- parative inefficacy of their endeavours to the levit^', the wealth, or the pride of the present generation. Human nature, in distant times, presented to the exertions of the Clergy diflFerent but equal difficulties; and the same earnestness and ortho- doxy with which these old and faithful ministers encountered them will never be without success. George Radcliffe, the immediate subject of this memoir, was the son of Nicholas Radcliffe of Overthorpe, in the parish of Thornhill and West Riding of the county of York, who was a younger son of Charles Radcliffe of Todmorden, esq. and Margaret his wife, daughter of Thomas Savile, esq. of Ecclesey. Charles RadcUffe was, wnth. many of his countrj'^- men, at the siege of Leith 1560 *; and died an old man in the e Townley MSS. 6 33d of Elizabeth. His mother was Mavvd Nowell, aunt of Alexander Nowell, the memorable dean of St. Paul's. He had four sons, Henry, Nicholas, Robert, and Alexander. Henry- succeeded to the paternal estates; Nicholas appears to have been bred to the law, and to have managed the concerns of the Savile family ; Robert is simply styled Gentleman ; Alex- ander was a barrister of Gray's Inn, and from many hints in the ensuing letters appears to have deviated very widely from the moral and religious character of his family. In 1599 Nicholas died, and was burled at Thornhill, in the choir of wliich Church was extant, in Dodsworth's time, the follow- ing epitaph : *' Here lyeth the body of Nicholas Radclyflfe, whose con- stant religious lief, together with his godly end, God grant they may make others to Imbrace true piety. Amen. 1599. Mihi vita Christiis'." Among other legacies in the will of Nicholas Radcliffe, he bequeaths to the Right Worshipful Sir George Savile, knt. his best gelding, trusting and hoping that he will stand and continewe a faithfull and friendlle mayster and favourer of his wief and children : — To George Savile, esq. sonne and helre- apparant to the said Sir George, ten angells, to be palde at his age of one and twentie yeares, to buy him a jewell : — To Dame Elizabeth Savile, two angells, to make a rlnge with : — f Vol. CLXII, fol, 80, 7 To Six' John Savile of Howley, knyghte, one sylver cuppe called a tankerde, desiring him that he would have a favour- able care over his children : — To Edward Whitakers, clerk, parson of Thornhill, 2O5. : — And lastly, to Henry RadclifFe, esq. his brother, who died the same year, a cross bowe and I'acl^e ^. — The portion of his daughter Elizabeth was 800/. ; a large sum in those days, when the dramatic Poet represented 7OOZ, as an object to fortune-hunters. — Margaret RadclifFe, his faithful and affectionate widow, survived him nearly thirty years, which long period of time she seems to have occupied, as became her condition, in the exercises of religion and charity, and in superintending the concerns and education of her son. In this and the following generation the Radcliffe family produced many excellent and useful men : among these, omitting for the present the subject of this memoir, was Charles Greenwood, son of James Greenwood, of the antient House of Greenwood Lee, and Cecilia Radcliffe, sister of Nicholas and daughter of Charles Radchffe of Todmorden. He was fellow and tutor of University CoUege in Oxford, and afterwards rector of Tliornhill, where he died, and was interred in 1644 — a man not to be remembered without gra- titude by that Society, as it was principally by the ample g This confirms an opinion which I have elsewhere expressed, that the Kack was two centuries ago a distinct instrument from the Cross-bow. 8 legacies '' which he bequeathed for the purpose, that the pre- sent College was erected. Contemporary with him was Jonas Radcliffe, younger son of Heniy Radcliff of Todmorden, B. D. fellow and tutor of the same college, a lame man, but of a pleasing and amiable temper, whose character is well described in the following epitaph, which was removed on the rebuilding of the College into the present Chapel, where it still remains, a specimen of vei*y elegant Latinity, with one blemish, which I leave to be detected by the classical reader : " DEPOSITUM JON^ RADCLIFFE LANCASTRIENSIS, QUI AGRO TODMORDENO NATALES SUDS, STUDIA OXONIO, IMPUTAT. GENTILITIUM DEC US EITERARIIS LAUDIBUS CUMUEAVIT, HAUD INANIBUS LITERARUM TITULIS DECORUS, QUORUM CITRA SUPREMUM, QUANQUAM MERITIS SUIS DEBITUM, SUBSTITIT MODESTIA VIRI SINGUEARIS. SPATIUM FAM^ HAUD SATIS AMPLUM CONCESSIT PEDUM INFIRMITAS, QU^ ILEUM, AB SCENA ET ACTU REBUM SUMMOTUM, INTRA UNIUS COLLEGII CLATHKOS, VELUT ZOOPHYTUM H03IINIS, LITERARI^ GLEB^ ^ Fifteen hundred pounds, perhaps equivalent to five times that sum at present, were obtained after long suits at law from one Foxcroft, Mr. Green- wood's executor. He had bequeathed an indefinite sum for the purchase of lands worth 100/. per annum, which 1500/. would then have done ; so that I see no ground for Wood's vehement charge of unfaithfulness against Foxcroft, excepting that he was compelled to do his duty. — Vide Hist, et Ant. Univ. Oxon. lib. ii. p. 58. ALLIGAVIT ; AT FRUCTUM ET USUM ERUDITIOKIS NE SIC QUIDEM INVIDIT, QUEM ILLE NOBILIUM JUVENUM ANIMIS MORIBUSQUE INFORMANDIS SEDULO IMPENDIT, S0LE:1TISSIMUS MORUM ARCHITECTUS ET BON^ MENTIS FABER. FUIT IPSE SUAVISSIMO MORUM TEMPERAMENTO, QUORUM ILLICIO FRE- QUENTES SIBI AMICOS CONCILIAVERAT, OPPORTUNUM UTI- QUE PRESIDIUM ADVERSUS TyEDIU3I SOLITUDINIS CUJUS EUM DAMNAV^ERAT EADEM QUM DOMI PERPETUO ABFIXIT PEDUM IMBECILLITAS. RELIGIONEM ET PIETATEJI SINCERE COLUIT, PRUDENS THEOLOGIZE MYSTA, QUAM NON TAM SCHOEJE QUAM V'lT^ DIDICERAT, CUJUS FRUCTUM IN EXTREMO VIT^ EX- ODIO TUEIT, CUM POST BIENNALEM LANGUOREM INNOCEN- TEM ANIMAM REDDIDIT CCELO. OBIIT A. D. MDCXXVI. AUG. XXII° ^T. SU^ LVI. BEAT^ MEMORI^ POSUERUNT CONSOBRINUS CHARISSIMUS ET MCERENS NEPOS." The mcereTiis nepos must have heen Savile RadcHffe of Tod- morden, esq. the head of the family ; the consobi'inus charis- simiis may either have been the subject of the present work, or another distinguished character of the same house, Samuel Radcliffe, to whom the reader nill be introduced in the fol- lowing correspondence as Proctor of the University, and who died Principal of Brazennose about the year 1648, liaving complied with the changes of the times. — From two portraits of this Principal in the College Hall, he appears to have been a very handsome man. c 10 Another nephew of Jonas Radcliffe, and, like him, fellow of University College, was Thomas Radcliffe, after^A'ards Se- cretary to the Treasury, while Bishop Juxon held the Staff of Treasurer. — With this catalogue of family names, I should have heen happy to connect another of more recent and general fame — the munificent Founder of the Radcliffe Library — who was also bred in the favoured College of the family. But of the birth and parentage of Dr. John Radcliffe, I only know that he was the son of a George Radcliffe, gent, and bap- tized at Wakefield, A. D. 1652-3. He boasted an imme- rap for tlje .ttaule of §)\i €ijoma^ BDortctaii ftnigljt for tl^e Mn^'i hobii to ^HDtoarOe tlje fourtlje, ?flicljarb tlje tljico, i^arrp tijc "AWi an^ '^'%%%- 5i^oto^ ^nwizi «5oa parbon. JDljicf) Cljoma.si caiisjib a X^mU to be mab for i\M '^^i m mjJb£?t of IIt>l)CtncIief for Iji.ss fUajior anb to Ijec i\)t i^ertc^ * fad in tlje jere of ouc aiotb a tijou.sanb CCvirCCr'— MSS. Vol. 162. fol. 101. * i. e. tlie Stags bellow. <25 11. GOOD MOTHER, November I8tk. My humble and most bounden duety remembered. We are all well (God be thanked !) Therefore, as my cosin Roberte is more mirrle now than when you was here with us, there is one with us that is reddy to do any thing for me he canne at any tyme (not he that spoke to you), who desireth you to send him word, so that this bearer know not, how you sell a load of wheat and rye ; I pray you help him to it as soone as you can ; I thinke he will come to you for it shortly, if he may have it : he also desyreth to have 2 pounds of the best licorice, and he will pay : he intreated me to tell you when you was here, but I forgotte. Here is a cord which I have sent from my Maister to Tliomas Beatesonne. My Maister would not have you by me any shoes, for he would have me have a pair of his own hyde ^ the nexte weeke, if it pleaseth you ; but they cannot make me so good shoes as Hepworth. Thus, desyringe your blessonge and daylie prayers, with com- mendations to my brother and sisters, and thanks for his I take my leave, craving pardon for these. Oldham, this 18th of November. Your most lovinge and obedient sonne, George Radcliffe. 2 A lelick of the old oeconomy, under which deaths, shoes, &c. were made at home of materials previously laid in, or perhaps manufactured by the owner's servants. E 26 12. December 8tk. The bruit beasts are kind to their keepers, and shew no httle 2;rief when they are drawn asunder — wherefore, how bruitish should I seeme, my dear and most loving Mother, if I should not take this long wont of your wished sight some- what to hart ''; and if in this myne absence I should not shew all thankfidlnesse for your motherly goodness always towards me, the which 1 have so ill performed now of late that I thinke myselfe a most ungrateful and unkind wretch ; yet, my good Mother, beare with me, for that hath not beene in want of undissembled dutifulle love, or in the carelesse neglect of bounden dutye, but of the hard holding of my lovinge and most careful Maister to the profitable exercises of good liteiu- ture, as he can (and if need were, would) Avillinglye witness. But, quo7'sum hcec ? I doubte not but that (according to your accostomed kindnesse always towards me) you will accept this my just excuse for the tyme past, and I trust will to see you shortly, and therefore I will spend no more paper or tyme in these matters. We are all well here at Oldham, (blessed be our good God !) I carry the same minde of the place which I have formerly done. Pray, sweet Mother, for us, and I doubte not but that I shall have just cause to prayse God that I went thither. My Maister keeps a thankful re- a This is a stroke of Nature. Tlie Christmas Holidays were approaching, and BadclifFe began to feel die Dulce. donmm visere. mi membrance of his kind welcome to you, and of all other your courtysies shewed towards him, and hartily commends himself unto you and to my little sister Besse. He desires to know what he must pay for his blanketts, and he will send you money. Thus with a dutifull remembrance of my humble ' deuty to you, and my kindest commendations to both my sisters and all our well-willing friends, I take my leave. From Oldham, this sleepy cold evening, the eighth of December. Your most loving and most obedient sonne, George Radcliffe. I had like to have plaide the Mrs. Hunt hath her hartiest commendations remembred unto you, together with Mr. Francis. I pray you sende me some licorice, for my Maister hath a greate cold. 13. MOST DEARE AND LOVINGE MOTHER, Feb. 3d, 1608. By Hen. Verie, wherein was sent the price of the licorice which came before, for which my Maister paid me against my \\ill, for I would that he had reckoned wth you when you come ; wherefore, and because you are behind with him for books, I keepe the money in my purse till you come. I received also cakes of two sorts, whereof I gave my Maister 2 of the greater sort, and my Mistress 2, and kept 2 myselfe ; the rest I dealte among the boys. I received wafers from my sister Elizabeth : and lie brought also my shoes, and fortie shillings for my Maister, Avhereof he said that there was 5 shillings too much, which I keepe till you come ; and twentie shillings for Jerimy. As touching the copyhold land, you know beste what is to be done yourself, and I have put you to great charges other- wise ; but yet if you would pr'cure money to compasse the same, I think e it best to compounde ; and I hope that when I come to age I shall satisfie you (God willinge), and in the meane time re- main vei-y thankfuU, and, as for all things, so greatly bound un- to you for the same. I have sent you my doublet, which is too . . . both in the arms and in the bodye, and also somewhat too .... I pray you commende me to my brother and sisters, and all our good friendes. Thus in haste, cravinge your dailye prayers unto God for me, I take my leave, committing you to the Almightie's protection. Oldham, the 3d Februarie 1608. Your loving sonne, Gkorge Radcliffe> r 14. MY MOST LOVINGE MOTHER, Feb. 28th, 1608. My humble deuty, as is my duty, most humbly remembered. We are all in good health (praysed be God !) here at Oldham ; and we hope well, and desire more that yoa 29 be at Tlioi-nhill. T received by George Armltage (as I thiuke) 2 books, which came from Wakefield ; Smith upon the Lord's Prare; and Daniell's Poems''; and some ; and by Backster an old book (which Mrs. Huiite had sent me beft^e), besides 6 figges. As touchinge payinge for the bookes which were bought at Wakefield, I thoughte it needelesse to send money, whereas I suppose you have paid already. I pray send me Perkins on the Lord's Prayer, for I have some use of it : I bought one at Wakefield the last tyme, and it is of the lesse volume. I thinke my Maister writes concerninge our Oxford journey, which I intreat may be as soon as possibly is co'n- veniant. Mrs. Hunt desireth in haste a peck of pease to sow, and a few garden pease, if you be so well furnished. Here is a man with us that would gladly have a loade of wheate, and another of rye, of my brother, and know when they would be ready, and also what he might pay for 2 loads of shillinge, and desires an answere unknown to our Badgers ; and he intreats Jo. Hall to buy him 2 pounds of licorice, and send in all possible haste. I pray you send me directions to make eurraine drink, for my lips have begun a little again : my legge is in a manner A\'hole. Tlius with hartyest commen- dations to my brother (who I thought to have seen ere this) and sisters, with all the rest, I take my leave. b Samuel Daniel, tutor to the.famous Anne Clifford. His Poems, now almost forgotten, were then in great repute. It is pleasing to observe the. devotional turn of a school-boy's studies, at his leisure hours, in 1608. 30 At Oldham, this merry " Tuesday morning, Februarie 28th, 1608. Your most lovinge and obedient sonne, George Radcliffe. I pray you hasten our Oxforde voyage as much as may be ; but let not my Maister understand of my wi-iting. 15. GOOD MOTHER, jlj)ril Wth, 1608. We gute to Oldham very well, (God be thanked !) and in good tyme, and are all very well. My Maister thanks you for the money, and sayeth he will have no more till Chris tide. He goes towards Cambridge on Monday next (God willinge) : but concerninge the cause why he deferred his journey till then (of the which you bad me certify you), I am alltogether ig- norant or I thinke few know it but he himself; but if I shall learne it, I shall certify you of the same. Mrs. Hunt hath reco'mended unto you, and thanketh you for your tokens, and my sister. Maister is not half well : Small newes else. I have sent a pair of gloves, which I woidd have sewed, and sent again. Thus with my humble duety and commendations to all our friends, I take my leave. Oldham, this sleepy evening, April 11th, 1608. — Hast, hast, hast. Your loving and obediant sonne, George Radcliffe. c I suppose it was " merry Shrovetide," a day marked meliore lapillo in the School-boy's kalcndar. ^ 5 > 1^^ 1l»^" 1 A 5i ? 31 I hard this morning that my Lady Cavendish, going to London about my Lord's sonne '' his marriage, and her sonne Maister Francis" going to another school, sent word to my Maister to be ready on warning to go with him ; and there was word sent to him that he shoxild carrye his sonne to Oxenforde within this mouth, wherefore he goeth on Monday or Tuesday. 2b his loving Mother Mrs. Margaret Radcliffe, at Thornhill, these. 16. MOST DEARE AND LOVING MOTHER, Ajiril 18, 1608. My humble deuty rememberd. These few rude and hasty lines are to let you understand that we are all in good health (God be thanked !) here at Oldham, as we hope and heare you are. I understand by Tho. Dunford that you would have me come whome to Thornhill when my Maister goes to Cambridge, wherein do as you think best, for if I be here I shall wTite 2 hours in the day, the rest Luke shall teach me, the which he saith to me he wiU not do, for he saith he must minde his owne study ; and if I be at home (soe that I go little abroad), and have my books with me, I can do as much ^ William, afterwards the second Earl of Devonshire of that family. The Lady was Chiistian daughter of Edward Lord Bruce, of Kinloss. * Afterwards Sir Francis Wortley, the issue of her former marriage with. Sir Richard Wortley. 32 good as Luke Mason (for any thing that I can perceive) will do me ; but if I be at home, I shall be more unfit to ply my booke here afterward, when I come hither again, for a day or two. If I come not, I want a book and other things, which I will send for by the next bearer. I pray you commend me to all at Lees, and all other our good friends. Thus againe, with my humble duty, I take my leave. From Oldham, the 18th of Aprill. Your lovinge sonne, George Radcliffe- My Maister hath deferred his journey till next week. 17. GOOD MOTHER, ^j)ril 28th, 1608. Wee are all well (God be thanked !) at Oldham. I received by George Armitage my suit, a piece of beef, which came in very good tyme, and was very thankfully received of us all ; and a nutmeg from my sister Nettleton. I have sent my clothes again, for my Maister hath changed h?s pui-pose, and it will save a great labor when I come (if I come) whome at Whitsuntide. My Maister goeth not to the funeral ', be- cause he knoweth not when Mr. Francis goeth to Cambridge, and goeth (if he go at all) on Monday in Witson week to Cambridge. I pray you let the horse stay now. Mrs. Hunt f Q,u ? of whom. S3 remembers her harty commendations unto you, and my Malster also (^'hom I should have set before), and thanketh you for his beefe. Thus with my humble duety to you, and commen- dations to all, desyringe your dailye prayers, I take my leave. From Ouldham, the 28th of Aprill. Your lovinge soune, George RADCLirrE. 18. Saturday^, 1608. Although I had no greate occasion to write (my deare and lovinge Mother), you having been at Oiddham so lately, yet having so fit opportunity of this bearer I could not but write unto you. We are all well here at Ouldham, (praysed be God !) I hope well of my cosin Robert that he will be a better scholar than his father talked of. Mr. and Mrs. Hunt remember their harty commendations unto you. A load of pease amongst you would be very acceptable unto us : my Maister his man comes to Midle Shillinton on Mon- day at night, and by him you may send them : he will be at Beatsonnes. I pray you thank my brother for his quills, and send me the book I writ for to Wakefield as sone as may be. I will send Mr. Whitaker '' his . . . and peradventure myne aunt Cane one the next weeke, or the next but one (God willinge). S No month or day. h Rev. Edward Whitaker, rector of Thornhill. r 34 Thus, with my humble duety unto you, and commendations to my brother and sisters, I take my leave. From Oldham, this Saturday ', 1608. Your most lovinge sonne. George Radcliffr 19. MY DEARE AND LOVINGE MOTHER, NoV. 1, 1608. My humble duety remembred, with most harty thanks for all your goodnesse and kindness ever towards me. We are all in good health (God be praysed therefore !) here at Oldham. My Maister and Mrs. Hunt remember you in all kindness. Thorn. Hall was here the other week, and brought us som cakes and rabbits ; for the which, as for all other kind- nesse, we most humbly thank you. Tully saith, that he that hath once passed the ^ it behoveth him to be vei-y impu- dent : so I, having beged and obtained many benefitts at your hands, continue in the same boldness asking still. I am alto- gether almost out of clothes ; and as for shoes, I have no paire but one that will not tourne water, and those will not come on well Avithout hurting my feet ; wherefore I pray you, accord- ing to your accostomed kindness towards me, to provide me such necessarys. My cousin Robert is very well, (God be thanked !} and remembreth his duty most humbly to you and • No month or day. k^ euro oportet esse animose et fortiter mendacem. 35 his grandfatlier, father and mother, and slut Basse, with com- mendations to his sweet sisters. Thos, Hall, when he was here, promised me to come on Wednesday, which had bene a very fitt time in many respects ; wherefore his not coming doth make us fear either that you have some great business, or else that all be not well with you, (which God, if it be his holy will, forbid !) and so much the rather, because we hard nothing of it since. We had here at Oldliam (as I make no doubt but you know) a very doleful joyfull accident — dolefuU I say, because we parted with so sweet, loving, learnd, and virtuous a soul as he was, viz. Heni-y Diet, and by so unfor- tunate means ; joyfull, because such a virtuous soul, who made a most wonderful! ende, is made a Sainte in heaven, delivered from this vale of misery, there singing laud and prayse to the Trenity in fulness of joy. His virtues were rare, his endow- ments excellent, his life answerable to them both, and his death admirable, to the great amazement of those that heard and saw it, who saide all with one mouth, as Solomon in the commendation of a good woman, " Many daughters have done well, but thou surmountest them all ;" so that they had hard many make excellent end, but his AA'as singular. There was a woman by him, who by chance let an othe slip, whereat he rose with such indignation, saying, " Away from me, you swearing woman, I cannot abide to have such about me," with many other such like : his patience rare ; " I thank God," utt •every word ; " and God hath comforted me, and I am com- 36 fortable, and he will comforth me, and I thank God :" and his last was this, '*' God hath strengthened me hitherto, and I hope he will strengthen me unto the ende :" and after they thoughte his sences were gone, my Malster said to him, *' Harry, if thou thinke to be saved through Jesus Chrlste, shake this hande ;" and, after he could not speak, he shaked it most wonderfully. This is not the tenth parte. Thus, de- syringe your daille prayers, and commendations to all our friends, I take my leave, praying the Lord God to preserve us all in his feare. Oldham, this first of November, 1608. Your most loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 20. LOVING MOTHER, Oarfovd, January 19M, 1609. My ever-acknowledged and never-performed duety, as I ought, remembred. I have received by Briggs ', the 12th • The communication between the North of England and die Univer- sities at this time was kept up by carriers, who pursued their tedious but uniform route with whole trains of pack-hol-ses, preceded by a leader with bells. To their care were consigned not only the packages, but frequently the persons of young scholars. It was through their medium also that epis- tolary correspondence was managed ; and as they always visited London, a letter could scarcely be exchanged between Thornhill and Oxford in less time than a month I Whatever mankind may have gained by improved 37 of this month, your letters, with the cloth and hyskitt-hread, which I disposed, I hope, according to your mynde ; the two biggest I gave to my tutour and cosin, \\'ho, ^vith thanks, kindly reinembred himself unto you. We are all well, (God be thanked !) and are glad you are so too. My tutour" preached at St. Marie's upon Sunday was se'night, being the day after the 12th day, and 7th of this instant, which he per- formed with great approbation, I might say admiration, of all ; and far more applause than some expected, of one who had not been accustomed to come up before so learned an auditore. I may seem partial, but I truly professe I have scarce heard a better sermon, both for matter and manner, from any of the like time that yet have been in Oxford ; and I think the most envious can confess no lesse : I am sure I have hard many affirm much more. I want nothing, (I thank God !) My uncle Alexander sent me word, by my cousin Samuel, that he had some money for me, but that he wanted acquittances. He is half and more resolved to come and dwell Avith us at Oxford, and requested Sam to provide him a chamber. I acknowledge my bounden love to my sister Nettleton, and, thanking her for her token, I kindly commend me, till I shall be better able to requite. Thus, desyringe your daylie prayers, with com- roads, mail-coaches, and posting, Humanity will deplore the sad state of toil and suffering to which modern selfishness has reduced the noblest and now most wretched of all quadrupeds. *" Charles Greenwood. 38 meiidatlons to my brother, sisters, and cousin Longley, with the rest, I take my leave. Univ. CoU. Oxford, Jan. 19th, 1609. Your lovinge sonne, George Radcliffe. My cloake I keep, because I may have occasion p'adventure to use it if I go any whither out of towne ; but if you have any use for it I will send, for I can very well do without it. I have sent all my sisters too forgotte, and 3 sermons, Stocks for yourself, Dent for my sister Besse, and Rud for my sister Mary. To my loving Mother Mrs. Radcliffe, these, 21. LOVING MOTHER, February 24th, 1609. I RECEIVED your letters the 19th of this Februarie, concerning my uncle Alexander : twice have I written unto him, and the cairiers have returned without answere : since your letters came, I cei-tified him accordingly as you writte, that you had the acquittances, and would safely keepe them for both's discharge ; also, how you had sent divers times by men of sufficient creditte, and because you could not send so fitly at the due time, therefore they might peradventure come a day or two too soon : moreover, unlesse he shoidd send it more AviUinglye hereafter, I let him understand what your pur- pose was, being constrained so to do. Thus much, as hand- 39 somely as I could, I told him, earnestly ftirther intreating hiiw either to send the mony or an aiisweare. What his reason should be that he writes not, I can not imagine, unlesse the letters were lost, for my cosin Samuel told me that one might come to him at any time of the day of late, and that he was grown a very sensible " man, so that I cannot thinke the carrier took him in the afternoon when he was drunk. The pie came in good tyme, and all the RadclifFes were meny at the eating of it; but none could tell what beast or foule it should bee : — Marrye this — halfe so much money as I imagine it lay in, would do full as well for bands ; those that I have, indeed, are not in the facion, but yet I have those that Avill serve yet ; but when I want, I shall surely trouble you. Thus, remembring my bounden duety, with commendations to all at whome, at Lees, or elsewhere, I humbly take my leave. Oxford, this 24th February, at Univ. CoU. 1609. Your lovinge sonne, George Radcliffe. We are all well, (God be thanked !) and all my cousins do kindly remember you, and thank you for the pie. To his loving- Mother Mrs. Radcliffe, at Thornhill, these. " i, e. sober and rational. 40 22. MOST LOVING MOTHER, Juue 29th, 1609. If I could any way requite the least part of your more than motherly affection, testified and sealed up by in- liumerable kindnesses, certainly I might think myself most happy ; but seeing it is neither your desire, nether possible for my so weak spring to countervaile so mighty a river, I must content myself with a thankfull mind, which is all I can doe, hoping you will accept it as a slender satisfaction for all your benefitts. As touching the state of our city, it is not so dangerous as may be the report is with you. The plague hath been suspected to have been in the tovi^n I confesse, and In two colleges, yet there died not above 6 in all, as far as I know, if so many in all, whereof 3 was of Brazennose, where Samuel Radcliffe is, tAvo of them in the fields °, and one in the town : none in the house : one in Allsouls coUedge, and the rest in the town : — many were gone which are now returned, and many went rather of a desire to go than feare to stay, for not only the University in general, but every colledge in particular, hath been so looked to, that there hath been little or no danger. The plague began a week or a fortnight ° The attack must have been unusually violent and sudden, when young men walking in the fields were overtaken by death before they could return to their own apartments in college. 4} before I came to Oxford, and then stayed till ahout the first Tuesday after I was come, and began then again : it ended about a fortnight or a week since : it was brought first by a Frenchman. There is no need that you should send a horse ; for, if there should be any danger, 1 might buy one, and sell him when I come againe i\ My cousin Charles had sent me out of the to\\Tie a great while ago, if I had desired it. He caused a pomander'' to be made for me by his direction, and another preservative to lay to my harte. Thanke my sister, I pray you, for her Angelica rote, though I had no need of the rote, being provided of a pomander^ before. Thus, with mv humble duety unto you, and commendations to my brother Nettleton, sister Mary, and Elizabeth, with the rest of our cousins and friends, I take my leave. At University- College, in Oxford, June 29tli, 1609. ^^ Your lovinge sonne, George Radcliffe. P This was the constant practice of under-graduates going and returning to and from Cambridge till \athin the last forty years. •1 For an account of this ancient preservative from infection, which pro- bably consisted of strong aromatics, and was enclosed in a perforated case of silver, shaped like an apple or sometimes a pear, see the Life of Alex- ander Nowellj by my learned friend the present Archdeacon of St. David's, p. 22; and Additions, p. 1. G. 4^ 23. GOOD MOTHEK, Jultf 2'Jth, 1609. Having received your last letters by James Briggs, I was beholden both by my duty and promise to ^vrite back by him, in answer to the same. Wherein as touching that you thought I might as well be in the country as troublesome to friends, it is true, yet if there had been any danger I might have incurred before, I could have provided me of an horse, whereas I might easily have gone 3 or 4 miles out of the towne, and then have been tabled with some of my tutor's acquaintance, so that T should have put them to little or no charges. But it is past (God be thanked !) As concerninge my entertainment when I came, as also the kindness shewed to me since I came, it is farr more than I shall ether ever de- serve, or be sufficiently thankful for. I am very glad of the good newes I hear ; and I pray God it may be no newes that all our friends be in health, and intreat that Dr. Lister may be certifyed of the manner of the working of my sister Eliza- beth's phisick, whose continuance in health I rejoice for, and her recovery, if he know not allredy, in regard of my promise to him. We are all well (God be thanked !) as we hope you remaine. Thus, with my humble duty and commendations to all our good friends, I take my leave. July 27th, 1609. Your lovinge sonne, George Radcliffe. / ^ 43 1 received more than I writ for, 2 table napkins, which, with all other, I lay to that greate heape of never-payed debts. J shall want money, some 3 or 41. about Michalmas, or some- thing before, to pay for my meate and drinke^ , 24. MOST LOVING MOTHER, August 24t/i, 1609, I RECEIVED by Ja, Briggs your letter the 19th of this instant, wherein I allso received a sure of your accos- tomed never-fading mother lye kindnesse, for the which I always wish that I may never be found in the least thoughte imgrateful, but that I may endeavor as much as in me lyeth that these and all other springs proceeding out of that abim" dant fountaine of the All- good his infinite goodness may so water my hart with their silver drops, as I may employ all the faculties and powers both of soul and body to shew myself thankfuU and obedient ; first, to God as the author ; next, to you ; and then to all my good friends ; to whom I am bounden in love and duety, as principal instruments ©f the same, that «o I may labor to fullfill the contents of your goulden much- desired letter. We are all in good health, as we hope you are. Ja. Briggs could give me no money att this time. If I had money and a horse, I might peradventure come doAvn with my tutor when he comes, if he doe come ; but it is uncertain when ' The " Battles" of the preceding Term. — This may serve as a. partial scale of academical expences in 1 609. 44 he comes, vet shortly if at all ; othenvise, if it were not for his company, I am not very desirous to come. I have a mat under my bed, which was there before. Thus, M'ith my humble duety and comnmnications to my kind friends, I take my leave. August the 21th, I60J), Youi" lovino" sone, GjSORGE RaDCLIFFE. 25. GOOD MOTHER, September 8f/t, 1G09. Were it not the respect of my duty (knowing you desire to be certified of me), yet Mr. Hunt his intreaty and ■desire to have me write, might enforce me to find matter. We are all in good health (thanked be God !) I rest much be- holden to Mr. Hunt for his extraordinary kindness shewed unto me here at Oxon. I think you shall have my tutour ^^'ith you ere long. The sickness is not much dangerous, and I am well heare, where I also desire to be; wherefore as for sending a horse, do as it shall seem good unto you. Thus, craving par- don for this hasty scrowl, and remembring my duty to your- self, with commendations to my good friends, I take my leave. Oxford, Sept. 8th. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 45 26. ' -'^ ' - LOVING MOTHER, September llt/i, 1609. I HAVE received by Mr, Hanson 5 upon Sa- turday the 9th. Other things, specified in your letters, I shall receive (as my uncle \ATiteth) by Ja. Briggs at his next coming. Dr. Playfair his Sermon, which you caimot find, is like unto Harvey's Oration, both in thickness and volume ; but it maybe I have lent it to my uncle Leadbetter. All our friends here at Oxford are in good health (praysed be God !) as also we heare you are : the sickness hath bene in one college, out of which there hath died a Maister of Artes, and a boy ; and there was a reporte (how true I know not) that my Lord Delaware his son, student of that house, had the sore running of him in the country : the house hath stood clear about a fort- night, so we hope the best : in the town, the plague is, or hath been, in 5 parishes, and therein in 15 or 16 houses, yet alle iu the utmost parts of the town and fuilhest from us : the cer- tain number of them that have died I can not surely tell ; yet there have not died at most, when there died the most, above 4 a week, and commonly but 2. More of the plague ■v\hen I shall hear more news. Remember me to my brother Nettleton, sisters Mary and EUz. uncles and aunts, cosins, and all my good friends. Thus, witli humble thanks for all your kindnesses, not forgetting my duty, I take my leave. UrIv. CoU. Oxford, Sept. 11th, 1609. Your lo\inge sonne, George Radcliffe. 46 I heard since I writte this letter that there are ded in all, since the Acte, about 40 persons. 27. LOVING MOTHER, March \Qth. I RECEIVED by Briggs the book sent, but no letters, because, as he told me, of his unexpected hasty return. We are all well (praysed be God !) as we also hope that you are. We have got the last weeke a new Master of our col- lege (Mr. Dr. Bancroft % the archbishop of Canterbury his nephew), and he * that was, is Bp. of Londonne : small newes else amongst us, but that we heare there wiU be quarter taxes imposed upon the subjects this Parhament. My uncle's ac- quittance, if you canne safely, I pray you send unto him, for if I send it from hence, it may peradventure be lost by the porters in London, to whom our carriers dehver their letters. Thus, with the remembrance of my humble duety, and com- mendations to my brother, sisters, and cousin, with the rest, I take my leave. Oxforde, Univ. Coll. March 16th. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. '^ Afterwards Bishop of Oxford, and the greatest benefactor to that poor See. * Dr. George Abbot, a man whose habits and ideas rendered him much fitter for the Mastership of a college than for the See of Canterbury, to which he was soon after translated. 47 I lose my handkerchiefs fast : if it shall please you to send me some the next tyme save this that James cometh, I shall rest so much more indebted to your motherly kindness. > 28. LOVING MOTHER, MaiJ ^th, 1610. When I consider the estate and fortune of many, revolving with myself the sudden motions and changes of things, I find nothing more fraile than this mortal life, nothing more uncertaine ; for we are obnoxious to so many causes of miserys and nourishment of grief, that our life (which if it were well lead would be most happy and pleasant) is now be- come a soiTowfuU business, whose beginning is ignorance and obhvion ; the progress, labour and sorrow ; the end, grief, bhndness, and error all ". What quiet day, what peaceable, u It requires no wide acquaintance with human hfe to discover that every period of it is exposed to cares and sorrows : yet surely these gloomy senti- ments would have come with a better grace from the exiled Statesman of sixty, than the young Academic of seventeen. Could his recollection supply him with no entire days of youthful health and glee ? — Oldham is not an Eton, yet in his more chearful hours a remembrance of that place must surely have awakened feelings (for they are the feelings of Nature) in unison with those of Mr. Gray : — " Ah happy hills, ah pleasing shade, " Ah fields belov'd in vain ; " Where once my careless childhood stray' d, " A stranger yet to pain." 4S nay, what one day have we ever lead that did not sufficiently afford both trouble to the body and anguish to the mind ? — What morning did ever appear unto our eyes so secure and joyfull, that, before night, grief and sorrow did not steal upon us ? of which thing I also have had some pi'oof in myself; for, having all tilings going with me as well as I could either wish or desire — a mother careful! for my good, and tutours kind and diligent ; cosins and acquaintance wishing me well both here and at home, and God's blessing divers other ways upon me, in getting me favor in the house, in prospering my studies, &c. &c. — rejoicing also not a little at my cosin Samuel's suc- eess, who, now my tutour's office being out, hath got the Proc- torship ; — being peradventure too much puft up with this plea- sant gale, there comes (as it pleased God) an unexpected ptorm (though some such thing was ominously presaged in my mind) blustering into myne ears — a terrible death, at one blast — my grandmother" doth now sleep in the great mother of us aD, whose life, ansAverable to her faith and profession, and death, exceeding her life, may afford both comforth to the course of nature (which should be unnatural if not sorry at One species of melancholy throws an equal gloom over every period of life ; another, augments the sorrows of the present moment, by contrasting them with the exaggerated or imagined happiness of the past. * I cannot discover whether the excellent woman, whose death her grand- son so deeply tlepiores, were his mother's mother, or Margaret, daughter of Thomas Savile of Ecdesley, his. paternal grandmother. 49 die departure of such a one), and allso ftdl assurance of her awaking shortly to gloiy, where her body being partakar of those joys which her soul doth now enjoy, she shall with us aud all the A\'hole company of Saints and Angels, have the perfect fruition of the sight of that most glorious God, and sing an eternal Hallelujah unto the Lamb. Her weaknesse of body in her latter days, by reason of old age drawing on, was the strength of her soul ; for, certainly, if in the full vigor of the body the mind was able to hold talking with it in that conti- nual combat that in all men is between them, then it must needs be, that the adverse part, to wit, the flesh, being sub- dued, the spirit should triumph, that so it being loose from tliose bands wherein it was fettered, it should erect itself into its native place, even to God that gave it, where it shall reign for ever ; and the body, falling to the earth from whence it came, even as a lipe apple from the tree, shall there be preserved for God himself, who will unite it again unto the soul at the last with an unseparable union in heaven, to live with him in glorv. My uncle Savile ^, howsoever the injurious world may tax of ^ yet the poisoned tongue of Envy itself can not but confesse his faithful honesty : he was no hypocrite, neither knew he how to dissemble ; and if others that make a better shew of their own virtue peradventure than he did, were but known as well what they were as he was, I believe thei'e y This must be meant of his great uncle, Savile of Ecclesley, * A word is obliterated. H 50 would have appeared another difference. No man is without his faults, and he that hath fewest is hest. His conversation was pleasant and honest ; his affection to God- ward (as, out of much private talk I had often with him, he did sufficiently de- clare) religious, sincere, devout (some little opinions, indeed, he held, yet neither fundamental nor of any great moment) ; his hart to his friends A^'as true and unfeined ; and although the world made not so great account of him, yet I feare it will misse him, and wish hereafter that we had many such : for my part, let me be forgotten when I am gone if I bury him in the pitt of ingratefull oblivion that Avas so loving to my dead father heretofore, and so kind after to me, unto whome I was not so much bound in alliance and deuty in that he was my uncle, as for those fathei'ly admonitions which he often gave me in private, \\Titten in my heart by his tongue, as with the poiiit of a diamond, never to be wiped of or worn away, which I trust I shall keep in his remembrance to my internal and eternal profit : he did often intreat me when I was at his house, the last time especially, to stay a night with him ; and it is some grief unto me that I did not satisfy him in that small desire ; but now he is gone ; and we have parted with (I am sure not lost but for a time) a man that was, I may confi- dently affirm, a true Israelite, in whom thei'e was no guile ; and blessed be they that be so, as he is now because he was so. — My grandmother's last and dearest token I received, with all things else specified in your former letters, for aU which, de- 51 rived from the never-dried fountain of your kindnesse towards me, I yield the grateful acknowledgements of that debt which I shall never othenvise be able to discharge. The cloak which my aunt gave me I have no use for ; there- fore better at home than here. If you come to Oxon. we shall be glad of it, and I am sure my cosins will make you welcome ; yet, because you would have your jom'ney private, I will not make it known. Thus have I troubled your patience with a long scrowle, as my affection and business led me, having more to wTite but for fear of too much tediousness : and I hope also to see you here, and it may be, my uncle Leadbetter, according to his promise, ere long. Thank my aunt Savile, I pray you, for my cloak ; and so, returning commendations to all our friends, and remembring my duty to yourself, I take my leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. this May 5th. I received 5 marks from my uncle, and woiUd gladly know whether he have the acquittance or no : if it please you to send the rest of this quarter, it wUl not come out of season. — Direct it unto my tutour, and send what you think good unto me. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 5^ 29. May 2Sth. My humble duety remembred, hoping you still remain, as we do, in good health. I writte the last time for 4 nobles, by Mr. Harrison, since which time it hath cost a mark more, to be satisfied by the Under-Chancellor that I should not compound. There was a gentleman left Oxford tlais last week, who sold me a base-viol, for which he is to be paid towards 30 shillings within this 3 weeks, the which, as also some books I could not have had soe good and soe reason- able at another time, the desire to buy it at the best hand, as also not to defer the time in learning to play (\A'bich doth not cost half so much here as in London), hath made me a great deal more troublesome than I should be, to desire you to send me (besides the other 40 shillings) my grandmother's legacy, which I intend to bestow that way ; and therefore I pray you, by this or any tru^sty carrier, 41. " and my conti- a Parents and guardians of the present day will sigh to see the modesty of these demands, scarcely a tenth part of the quarterly sums now required, from an Oxford scholar, of the same rank. Yet the necessaries of life bore at that time about a fourth of their present price — some were much highfer. It follows that there was much more oeconomy two centuries ago, and that the general habits of academical life " were lower pitched." A venerable prelate, within my recollection, whose merits had raised him from the rank of a poor scholar, was wont to say in his latter days, that " the Univer- sities were dying of Gentlemanship." 53 nuall thankfullness and best obedience shall never be wanting for these and all other your motherly kindnesses. Thus, M-ith commendations to all our friends, desirynge your daily prayers, in great hast I take my leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. May 25th. The caiTier's unexpected hast made me I could not get myne aunt Wells and my sister's books to send at this time : excuse me, I pray you, unto them. Your loving sonne, George Radceipfe, 30. tOVIKG MOTHER, - July 2'Jth, My humble duety remembred, &c. &c. We are all well and in good health, (praysed be God !) as we hope you remalne. There hath not been amongst us even the sus- picion of sickness, as hath been this 3 or 4 years before, but the citty (thanks be to God !) hath stood sound from all in- fections ever since I was last in the countiy. The Terme ^vith us is now ended, and \\'ill not begin again till after Michaelmas, all wlilch time, seeing it is a vacation Avherein public exercises do cease tlU the Terme doth begin, I should be glad, if so you thought good, to be at home, if I had a horse and money to pro\'ide me with of such things as I shall want for my going. My tutour hath left almost 3/. but I had bought since a stuff go^vn for this summer, so that if I had 4/. or lesse, to bear my 54 charges and furnish me with boots and such things, I might do better: thouah I shall not stand in need to use so much for an horse, I shall think mine to go somewhat hard, having not ridden this good while, yet, for want of another, he will serve. To buy one were the cheapest way, for by that means I needed to pay him nothing for bring him up or carry him down, selling him here when I came again ; but unless a man be very cir- cumspect he may well be cozened ; and, besides, horses be ill to get now, and will be ill to sell towards winter, for now many be going way and want horses, who then will come again and have them to sell. If it be your mind I should come, you inay either send by Briggs when he comes, or else sooner, as you think best, for it may be that he w\\\ stay so long tiU I shall get no company. Thus, with my hartyest commenda- tions to my brother, sisters, with the rest, craving your bless- ing, I take my leave. From University College, Oxon. July l/th. Your loving sonne, George Radclitfe. 31. a^OVING MOTHER, Aiigust 3d. I RECEIVED your letters, but not the shirts men- tioned in the same, which I think were left behind. We are all well, (praysed be God !) as we desire of you. My tutour ^5 , ' doth look to TliornhilP, which, if it be gone, there is no remedy ; if not, it will go no farther. I am sorry for my uncle's relapse into his ague : the former time it was only melanchoUy (as my tutor says) which fuming up from the splene his. body, which, I doubt not, he may avoyd by taking lesse pain* and being more merry. My sheetes grow thin, and therefore when you can best send another pair I shall send them down. I think I shall want, about IMichalmas, some 40 .m. besides this which I have, which if you can conveniently, send I pray you at this time. We should be glad to hear some news of Ml". Talbot his health. Remember me, I pray you, to my bro- ther, sisters, A\4th the rest of our good friends. Thus, remem- bring my humble duety, I take my leave. . Univ. Coll. Oxon. Aug. 3d. Your lovinge sonne, George Radcjlipee. 32. LOVING MOTfiER, December 18th. I DESIRE to know, as soon as may be, what your will is concerning my proceeding Bacchelour of Arts, A\hlch if I do, I intend to stay one year longer before I go to Inns of Court; if so it be your pleasure, the Degree will cost me b Mr. Charles Greenwood. — He succeeded to this valuable Benefice, now vacant by the death of Mr. Edward Whitaker, which he held till the year 1644, when he died very seasonably for an old Loyalist and a true Sen of -the Church of England. 56 X pounds at least, which money I intreat you to send me within a fortnight after Christmas, and I shall make you a sufficient account therebye, as of other things, about the mid- dle of February, at which time, if it be your will, I shall come doAvn into Yorkshire, which if I do, other things which I have written for heretofore may stay till that time, save only 'Jl. to discharge the last quarter, which I desire to have as soon as may be ; and ten pounds more, shortly after Christmas ; for if I proceed not Bacchelour, I will, as my tutour advised me, «nter my name in Gray's Inn, and so by Oxford come home, if you consent thereunto : the entrance, together with charges in going up and down, and whllest I stay there, will, as I con- jecture, stand me in betwixt 9 and ten pounds, which the sooner it is done is the better for me, what course soever I take, ^^hether to remain at Oxford, or to go immediately thether. Thus, with my humble duety unto you, and com- mendations to all with you, at Lees, Darton, Llnfitte, or else- where, desiringe your daily prayers, I take my leave. Dec. 18th. Univ. Coll. Oxon. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 33. LOVING MOTHER, Fthruciry \st, 1610. I HAVE received from you, by James Briggs, 5/. in money, 2 linen table-cloths, one green cloth, and a paire 57 - ' ^ of shoes : the green cloth will not serve, for it reacheth over my table 4 fingers every way, and something more at the sides ; but the linen cloths be large enough, and fitte exceed- ing well. As for money, I shall have no greate nede till , towards Easter, unless you could conveniently spare so much as to pay my tutour beforehand, as you were determined, for I think little will be left of this after I have made me a suit of apparel ; howsoever, it will be no great matter if that cannot be done without your own hindrance, for I think my tutour doth not look to any. We are all in good health (praysed be God !) as we hope you are. William Noble is well, and in good liking : whatsoever it lieth in my power to do for him shall be done (God willing.) We rejoice for Sir George Savile's heire", desiring he may imitate his father in his virtues and best fortunes. Remember, I pray you, my service and affection to my three kind uncles and aunts, vi%. my uncle Pliillippe and aunt Nel, my uncle and aunt Lockwood, my uncle and aunt Carr ; to my brother and sisters, and all at Lees, or elsewhere : I doubt godsonne is scarce come yet over the great pond, yet I may not forget him also. Thus, with my humble duty to yourself, craving your daily prayers for me, I take my leave, Feb. 1st, 1610. Univ. Coll. Oxon. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffb. c Sir William Savile of Thornhill, son and heir of Sir George Savile, Knt. and Mary daughter of George Earl of Shrewsbury. I 58 34. LOVING MOTHEB, Fehrumy 3d, 1610. I COULD not let passe so fitte a bearer (although I had so lately written) who so kindly, I thank him, came here to see me. We are all in good health (praysed be God !) as we hope you are, and desire you may continue. We have no news, but that 2 great Scottish Lords are lately dead — the Earl of Dunbar, and the Lord of Kinglosse. My cousins here do commend themselves in all kindnesse to you, and so doth Dr. Brown to Mr. Waterhouse, whose letters, he sayeth, be somewhat slack in coming. Thus, remembring my humble duty to yourself, with commendations to all other good friends, I take my leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. Feb. 3d, 1610. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 35. LOVING MOTHEB, Fehruary I9th, 1610, My humble duety remembred unto you. I could not by any means omitte so fitte oportunity and bearer as Mr. Hanson (who, I thank him, did vei7 kindly see me), although I saw him not till he was ready to depart, and therefore in hast had not much to write. My cosins all, Wm. Noble, and myself, are in good health (praysed be God !) as we hope yoa 5.9 are. I left some books to he brought over by J. Briggs, but I do not well remember what, nor how many there bee ; if you have kept them by themsches, or know them, 1 pray you let them be sent as soon as conveniently may be, otherwise I shall call to mind as many as I can against Bi'iggs his next coming. Remember me, I pray you, to my uncle Philippe and aunt Nel, with the rest of my uncles, avmts, brother, sisters and kinsfolk, acquaintance and friends. — And so, in hast, I take my leave. Univ. CoU. Oxon. Feb. 19th, 1610. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 36. LOVING MOTHER, Ettster Tudsday, \G\Q. What doubtfull and uncertain fears might come into my mind, in regard that I have heard from you, or any at whome, little at the former time, nothing at alle the latter that now Ja. Briggs hath come to Oxford ; those all I hope I may put out of my mind (\ pray God I may justly), im- puting all to the hasty, and on your partes as I may think, un- expected short stay of the earners in York ; and I further trust that if any misfortune hath befallen, my uncle Carre, or some other would have written to me, as they should think good, something, though obscurely of the same. We be all weW (jiraysed be God !) here at Oxford, as we doubt but that you are. Commend me, I pray you, iinto my brother, sisters, 60 - cosins, and all the rest, with my duty to my grandmother^, your- self, my uncle Carr, and all at Darton or elsewhere : and thus, humbly taking my leave, I refer you and us all to the Al- mighty's protection, whom I pray to shadow us all with his winges, his glory, and the mutual comforth of our friends. Easter Tuesday, Univ. Coll. Oxon. 1610. Your lovinge sonne, George Radcliffe. 37. 3Iay 28th, 1610. I RECEIVED your letters, with the boxe, the 17th of this instant. My uncle, I believe, will think long that he hears nothing of his acquittances, for I deferred to write unto him until I had hard from you : but now I shall certify him how it is ; for the money that I \vrit for, though I think I am rather behind than before with my tutour, yet not much, never- thelesse seeing he hath written to you to stay it till Midsummer, i)elik« he is well enough provided himself, wherefore you may do for that as you shall thinke best, and have occasion to use it yourself. I would intreat for the sending of it that it might come at every quarter a little before Midsummer, a little before Michaelmas, and so Christmas, and the Lady-day in Lente, ^ The mention of this person in such a way as to shew that she resided with or near his Mother, renders it highly probable that the lady whose de- cease he lamented above, was his paternal grandmother. 61 ' every time by equal portions, so much as it shall please you to allow yearly, save only an angel of it, or a mark, which you may send to me at diverse times, for if it come together it will scarce hold out, which I will bestow about rectifying my chambers and my study a little, and game at bowles now and then, or prickes, when I have got bow and arrows, for our Master loves shooting welP, and we must follow. Tlius, with my humble duety to you, and commendations to my sister" Bessy, with the rest, I take my leave. From Uni v. CoU. Oxon. May 28th, 1610. Your lovinge sonne, George Radclipfe. There is a book of mine, I think, called R. Hecken Gymna- eium sive usus logices, which, if it be there when my uncle Carre comes to Thornhill, I would gladly have sent. 38. GOOD mother, June 24th, 1610. I received the money sent by James Briggs ; and for the book I sent for, I was in doubt whether it was there or no. I heare neither good nor bad from my uncle, and I think he will be better pleased to have the acquittances safe with you, than that they should be in danger to be lost, as they may be e It appears that in 1610 the Master of a College did not think it in- decorous to amuse himself with Archery. 62 if I send them, for our carriers do deliver their letters to the porters in London, who, if they should not chance to find him the first time, wll hardly go any more ; wherefore I think it better that they should stay awhile (so long as there is no harm to either) than come here away. My tutour (so far as I hear) doth 2:0 to Somersetshire this summer to Mr. Paulet, who hath sent for him already twice, and therefore I think he goeth not into Yorks this year : peradventure Mr. Proctour will goe, but if he do, he will not stay above a fortnight out of Oxford. — And thus, witii commendations to all our good friends at whome, Lees or elsewhere, craving your blessing, I take my leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. June 24th, 1610. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. My tutour doth commend himself unto you, and would have written, but that the hastiness of the carrier did prevent him, and therefore intreateth you to have him excused. I heard by him that he was appointed by my Lord Archbishop of Canter- bury his Grace to be one of the 1 2 that must revise the Fathers'; and thei'efore he saith if that business go forward, he is uncer- taine whether he can go in to Yorkshire this year or no. * This alludes to a noble plan, formed by Archbishop Abbot, for a general collation of the printed editions of the Fathers with MSS., principally in order to detect the insertions of Popish Editors. 39. LOVING MOTHER, December 3d, 1610. Although I know that my uncle will particularly relate unto you of the good success of our prosperous voyage, yet I thought a part of my duety not unacceptable to you, if in general I should certify you thereof. Our journey, consi- dering the time of year, was pleasant and fair. We came to Oxford in good health (God be praysed !) and so remaine still. My cousins are all well, and, with thanks for your tokens, commend themselves unto you. I gave my cozin Jonathan a bended shilling from you. The Reverend Archbishop is gone, but who succeeds him in the bishoprick I know not, neither do I certainly hear who stands for it. The Lord High Chancellor of England is chosen Chancellor of Oxford. Thus, with my most thankful commendations to Mr. Waterhousse and my aunt Nell, together with my brother and sisters, not forgetting Thed (whose mittens, if they be to be had, shall come by Briggs), I take my leave. Oxford, Univ. Coll. Dec. 3d, 1610. Your loving sonne, George Radclifpe. 64 40. LOVING MOTHER, December ^Ath, 1610, We are all here in good health, as we hope you be. The carrier's long stay here will be means, I fear, to make him stay longer ere he come up again ; howsoever, send the money to my tutor by him, I pray you, as soon as he comes. If you send 2 table-cloths by him, send also, I pray you, if it may be done conveniently, a green cloth with them, for I can- not so well provide me here as I had thought that I might. Commend me, I pray you, to my brother and sisters, the little ones at Lees, and the rest of our good friends. I think by this time you heare more newes out of the North than we do out of the South, The University I find very much reformed, about drinking, long hair s, and other vices, especially our house, out of which 2 have lately gone, to avoid expulsion for drunk- enness. Thus, remembring my humble duety, I take my leave. Univ, Coll. Oxon. Dec. 14th, 1610. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. e This is a trait of Puritanism from which I sincerely wish my Author had been free. To confound great sins with trivial indeconims, has marked the fanatical spirit from the days of Archbishop Anselm to the Roundheads. It was not long before Radcliffe was taught by experience to understand this spirit better. (55 Mem. to send to Oxford, by Briggs, vj/. to his tutour, and a green table-cloth of a yard and half a quarter, and 2 lynnen clothes ; and If the green cloth be too little, make a paii'e of warm stockings of it'', or send it again, and he shall have an- other ; and send Sir George's Letters. 41. LOVING MOTHER, January Wth, 1611. I RECEIVED by the carrier this last retourne 2 let- ters, 2 bands, a pair of cufts, seventeen pounds from you, and 5 from my aunt at Hollinedge, and 5 for WiUiam Noble, all which, together with your kind admonitions, do manifestly declare the careful desires of a kind and loving mother, a re- compence whereof must be my endeavors to practice those things which you desire; that is it which chiefly you require at my hands ; too, too ingratefull should I bee if I do not labor to perform it : for my Degree, I think I shall not take it, because if I can any way spend 4/. by the year for so much : my Bacchelourship will stand me in 4/. (a rate too high, unless I meant to stay longer in Oxford) ; my tutour thought otherwise ; but since, I have found it so, for the like h The economy of converting a green table cloth into a pair of stockings i^ amusing enough. 66 case hath heen lately in suit ; wherefore my purpose is (lioplng it wiU not seme unfitte to you) shortly to go to London, theie to enter my name ; afterward, I desire I may meet Ja. Briggs here at Oxfoid, at his next retourne, with a horse and 3/. in money, whereof 2 I shall use for Mr. Waterhouse, the rest to bear my charges down, if it be your will that I should come down, to stay there some part of this Lente. I am most will- ing to see Yorkshire att this tyme, rather than after Mid- summer, partly for my health, partly for other causes, which ^ I can best impart when I come there. Remember me, I pray you, to our friends Mr. Wat, Mrs. Walesh, my brother, sis- ters, uncles, aunts, with all the rest, thanking myne aunt Savlle and myne naunt Bothroid for their tokens. Thus, not forgetting my humble duety, craving your dailye prayers, I take my leave, Univ. CoU. Oxon. Jan. 11th, 1611. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 42. I.OVING MOTHER, Feb. 13t/l, 1611. I RECEIVED by Wm. Walker, the carrier, your letters and 3^. I am glad the horse was deferred tiU the next tyme, by which means I shall get so good company as Mr. Watkins. Since our old trusty carrier, James Briggs, is dead, I think it best to send your horses by some other than the 67 carrier, as soon as you shall see the ways somewhat faire, and the sooner the hetter. The Degree of Baochelour Is a thing not necessary, and therefore (according to the counsel of my friends) I am resolved to lette that passe. I was admitted in Grayes Inn at the beginning of this month ; and now I am iindetermined alltogether what course to take ; desirous upon reasonable terms to follow the advice of my friends, whose wisdom and experience therein knows better what Is fittest for ■ me in that case than myself — but of these things further w^hen I come to you. Remember me, I pray you, to Mr. Water- house and his wife, together with my brother, sisters, and the reste our good friends. Tlius, deslringe your dailye prayers, and hoping you are all in good health, as we are, I take my leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. Feb. 13th, 1611. Your loving sonne, Gkorge Radci.iffe. 43. GOOD 3IOTHER, April Ath, 1611. I RECEIVED your letters the 11 of last month, to- gether with SI. in money, and 7 bookes ; there was an 8, viz.- the Christian's Mourning Garment, which came with them by chance : the 5^. which you sent before, the carrier had for- gotte, neither did I know of it till this time ; but now I have received It. You may send more money when It shall please you. : 68 ' and you can best spare it. I am sorry for the losse that did accrue to you and my brother Nettleton by the last floode, but especially for my uncle Philippe's and my sister's ague. — Robarte Hanson is reasonable well, yet hath some aguish hu- mors on him, otherwise his sences be very well and perfect. We are all here in good liealth, (praysed be God !) and my cosins commend themselves unto you. Samuel is now out of his Proctourshippe. I shall send you the next tyme the sheets that you bad me, for my chamber-fellowe hath now of his owne. Thus, desyringe your dailye prayers unto God for me, I take my leave. University Colledge, Oxford, this April 4th, 1611. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. I pray you tell Mr. Waterhouse that his books, God willing, shall come at the next tyme. 44. jcood mother, Aj)ril 29th, 1611. I AM glad to heare of the good recovery of Mr. Waterhouse and myne aunt Nel : I wish the like newes of my brother and sister at Lees. I pray God make my sister a glad mother, and that her former sickness do not weaken her body too much at her child-birth. I have sent by Ja. Briggs a paire of sheetes, Avith a shirt, for which I pray send me another when you can most conveniently : you may send some money. 69 when you caii licst spare it. Michael Thomas is now Bacche- lour of Artes, who determining to come to Wakefield, I desired him to go by Thornhill, rather in regarde of his good deserts heretofore. Commende me, I pray you, to all our friends, espe- cially to my sister Nettleton, with whom I hope I shall have merry meeting. Thus desiiinge your dailye prayers, I take my leave. April 29th, 1611. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. As I was sealing my letter, my Tutor gave me the note herein inclosed, of such money as he had lalde out for me, which was all (^%Aithin one groate) that he had of mine, saving that of the last 5^. which was sent, there remained 8s. which I had. It Is his mind now that I should keepe my money myself, that I may learn to play the good husband before I goe to Inns of Court ; wherefore, If you can well spare it, I pray you send me some beforehand, because I know not what may fall out, or what I shall want. 45. LOVING MOTHER, 3fa^ 6th, 1611. Rather than I would omitte any occasion of testifying my bounden duety, I made bould at this time to trouble my tutour with my letters, unto whom (as I can nei- ther forgette nor omitte) I am and ever have been so much indebted, as I should neither desire nor have any more favor 70 at his hands than hath by him been already shewed me. I wish he may find you all in as good health as he left us, and especially my sister safely dehvered from the great danger of child-birth ; which newes I should be very glad to heare. I am not detei^mined to see Yorkshire this summer, for it will be ' a great loss of time, and to no gi-eat purpose ; for you may be as fully satisfied in any thing you desire to know, as if I were there present. Nevertheless I submit myself both herein and in all other things to your will ; M'herby I know you wish that which is best for me. Thus remembring my humble duety to you, with commendations to all my good friends, I take my leave. Univ. CoU. Oxon. May 6th, 1611. ^ Your loving sonne, Geokge Radcliffe. 46. GOOD MOTHER, Moy 9th, 1611. I RECEIVED by the carrier xl^. for myself and vs. to Wm. Noble. I was very loth to have sent for any, had not necessity constrained me : for, as may appear by the last BIU, all the money which I received befoi'e was bestowed otherwise than I had determined ; for, whereas I had intended to have made some apparel, I had not then enough money be- sides that wliich I was to use, contrary to my expectation, in other things ; and therefore deferred it till now. Of this which 71 you have sent 26s. is due to Mr. Radcliffe for Mr. Waterhouse's books ; so that there remaines to me Init 14^. towards making a suit, besides some other odd things. I pray you therefore, if it may be done conveniently, send me some more as you think good, yer no more than you can well spare : necessity at this time makes me a great deal more troublesome than otherwise I would be, because I know it is not your mind that I should want any thing ; seeing that I hope by my behaviour to perform the condition. We are all well (praysed be God !) as we hope of the most of you, and desire of all. I would have sent you word of my tutour's coming, but I had not a week before. Thus with my humble duety and commendations to all our friends, in hast I take my leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. May 9th, 1611. Your loving sonne, George Radclipfe. 47- - LOVING MOTHER, May \6th, 1611. I HAVE been beholden to Mr. Hunt, both at other times and also now. When he was last at Oxford he brought me news of my sister's delivery, whom I pray God make strong, and a glad mother. I am glad to hear of little Robin Net- tleton his well doing, who, as well as in the right of his father and mother as of himself, doth ti-uly challenge whatso- 72 ever I can do for his good, which shall, God wllhng, be per- formed to my power. We are all heai-e in good health (^praysed be God !) as we hope of you. Mr. Radcllffe doth read to me (in my tutour's absence, according to his appoint- ment before he went), whose pains now, and kindnesse here- tofore, hath infinitely bound me in his debt. Thus with my hvimble duety remembred, desiring yovir dailye prayers, not forgetting all our good friends, I take my leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. May 16th, 1611. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 48. LOVING MOTHER, MttJ/ 30th, 1611. I RECEIVED by Ja. Briggs 41. 10s. 6d. whereof XXX5. 6d. was due unto me for Mr. Waterhouse's books, which I boup-ht for him, 9 of them oiF Mr. Radcliffe for 26^. and the tenth cost me 4*. 6d. which I paide in the town ; so that all did amount to xxxs. 6d. as appeared by the Bill 1 sent him. I am afraid 1 was too troublesome the last tyme, whei'efore I must so much the more labour to be more Avorthy and thank- full of that your exceeding love and care over me. Mr. Hunt told me that my sister was delivered before Whitsunday, and that Robin was then gone to the christening. Howbeit it is otherwise : I am glad she hath got past her ague, and is in good health, desii'inge God to send her now at the last safe 73 . ' , delivery. Wm. Noble is well liked where he is; and I make no doubt but that in short tyme he will both prove a good scholar, and come to preferment. We are all in good health (praysed be God !) as we hope of you all. Remember me I pray you to Mr. Waterhouse, my aunt Nell, Mrs. Longley, together with my brother (who I hope is past the ^^'orst), my sisters, with all the rest. If you send my shirts I pray you let them be strong, or else they will do but little service ; for my landresses beat' out all in the washing. I shall want some money to pay my battels about Midsummer, or shortly after. Thus remembring my bounden duety, and desiring your daily prayers, I take my leave. University Colledge, Oxford, May 30th, 1611. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 49. iOViNG MOTHER, June \%th, 1611. Sir Richard Beaumontes and Mr. Ramsden's vouchsafing to see me, might well challenge a letter, M'hich Mr. Ramsden's willingness makes me the more bound to trouble both him and you withall. We are all well (praysed be God !) as we also hope and desire of you. Mr. Jonas Rad- cliffe doth remember himself unto you, unto whom, as before, so especially since my Tutour's depart, I have been very much ' By " batting," an ancient method of *' rending apparel out" in wasliing. 74 beholden. Our quarter will end, as I take it, within a week or a fortnight ; soon after which time I intreat you to send me some money to defray my battailes, besides which I want no- thing : the more I must be thankfuU and dutifull unto you. Remember my duty I pray you to my Tutour (if he is in Yorkshire), whome now I hope we shall see ere long. Thus with my humble duety unto you, not forgetting all my good friends at Tiiornhill, Lees, or elsewhere, I take my leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. June 18th, lj611. Your lovinge sonne, Gborge Radcliffe. 50. I.OVING MOTHER, Octoher 10th, 1611. I RECEIVED by Ja. Briggs the 2 of this instant your letters, 2 shirts, and 31. 5s. in money. Wm. Noble re- tourns his best thanks for this and other your kindnesses : he is in good health, and so are Ave all, as we hope you remayne ; so much the rather, because your good company is returned. Remember I pray you my best commendations to my uncle Philippe and aunt Nel, with my tlianks for their former love ; as allso to Mrs. Waterhouse of Shibden Hall"^, whose token, ^ Near Halifax : probably Jane daughter and heiress of Tho. Bosseville, of Conisborough, widow of John Waterhouse, and mother of Philip Wa- terhouse, A. M. then Fellow of University College. See Watson's History of Halifax, p. 252. 75 jvith my sister Elizabeth's, I lately received by a Bacchelour of Artes of Magdalen Hall, newly come out of our country. Your commendations to my Tutour I could not deliver, for he hath been a month or upwards in Northumberland. I have heare sent 5 palres of Oxford gloves for yourself, Mr. and Mrs. Waterhouse, and my two sisters : I owe my brother a paire, till I can fitte him better for his trade. Mr. Calvin is in English, upon Esay, which I will send, as soon as I can con- veniently get it. I have sent a shirt. Thus remembring my humble duety and commendations to my uncle Carr (for whose desired recovery I do rejoice with all the rest at Darton or elsevi'here), I take my leave. , Univ. CoU. Oxon. October 10th, 1611. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 51. LOVING MOTHER, Novemhci' Wtll, 1611. I RECEIVED your letters the last of October, to- gether with 2 pieces of beef from you, a half crowne from my aunt Nel, and a crowne from my sister ; for all these, toge- ther with the rest, I render only thanks as my best recom- pence. Tlie token ^hich I received before was a shilling ; but from my aunt Nel there came unto my hands never a Qd. We are all Avell (pra>'sed lie God !) as we hope you remaine. I have been troubled a httle with a tooth, but now I thank God 76 I have ease of it again. My Tutour is looked for every day;, but of his coming you will know before us. I want some bandes, the facion you may see in my Tutour's, if he come (as I think he will) by Thornhill ; if not I shall sende one downe the next tyine. Silver will grow scant with us towards Christmas, about which tyme, as also shortly after, I shall be somewhat chargeable to you, if it be your will that I should go out Bacchelour, as my Tutour \^'ould have me. Excuse me I pray you to my aunt Nel and uncle Philippe, that I did not write for the coulte which my sister Elizabeth writes of. I would have done what you think most fitting, which you know better than I. Thus with my best commendations to all our good friends, remembring my humble duety to yomself, and desiring your prayers, I take my leave. Oxford, Univ. CoU. Nov. 11th, 1611. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. I pray you certify me whether I can spend 4/. by the year or no at this instant of myne owne lands j for I am to take an othe thereof. 52. LOVING MOTHER, December 9th, 1611. I CANNOT as yet heare of a comment upon Za- chary in English : I doubt there be any hardly extant. My Tutour commends himself unto you all ; he is gone from us ; 77 but I think hardly out of England yet. Since his depart I am under Mr. Jonas Radcllffe's tuition. I pray you send me as soon as conveniently vany be 6 or '^l. to pay my battels, and make me a suit of apparel'. Thus desiring your dayly prayers and blessing, I take my leave, with commendations to all with you at Lees, Darton, or elsewhere. December 9th. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. The book which IVIr. Waterhouse sent for by my Tutor shall come (God wilhug) after Christmas. 53. HONOURED MOTHER, Jan. I9t/l, 1612. I HAVE received the band, cufts, and handker- chiefe ; the handkerchiefe I delivered to Mrs. Longley, who returneth many thanks to you. She intreated me to certifye to you that her soniies, and your godsonr.es childe is a girle, Qiilled Elizabeth. The bande you sente doth sei-ve reasonably well, but it will not stande round ynough, and it is too much sloped at the endes : if I had cloth I could gette them well made by my uncle Richard's daughter, Mr. Jordan's wife, who sets bandes here in London. I shall wante about 41. aboute a moneth hence, and some more, but I know not when, ' For the latter of which pui'posea alone that sum would not suffice at present. • k 78 noi'liow much, which the gentlemen of the Innes of Court do contribute towardes the maskes to be presented att the greate marriage at Shrovetyde™, the one by Grale's Inne and the Inner Temple, and the other by the Middle Temple and Lincolnes Inne. We have not hearde of my cosin Charles" lately. I am glad the worlde thinkes so hardlye of him ; I presume he will be liked so much the better when he is scene to discharge his duety so faithfidly and sufficiently, as I make no question, by God's grace, he will do. I cannot get Cowper" upon Genesis ; they say there is no suche booke : upon the Romans you have him. ]\Irs. Longley desires to know if my sister Nettleton re- ceived some dates and Dionis's silke which she sente. There was thinges sente to Halyfax which was never delivered. Jan. 19th. 1612. George Radclifpe. 54. HONOURED MOTHER, Feb. \st, 1612. I HAVE taken uppe xxxxs. of James Singleton, which, or the greater parte whereof, is to be paide towarde the greate maske at the marriage at Shrovetide. It is a duty for m That of the Princess Elizabeth with the Palatine ; a " greate mar- riage" indeed in its consequences with respect to England. The Inns of Court were always magnificent on these occasions. " Greenwood. " Probably the learned and pious William Cowper, Bishop of Galloway, who died A. D. 1619. 79 the honour of our Inne, and unto which I could not refuse to contribute wth any crcditte. I have moved my uncle as touchinge an acquittance for the x/. which my father stoode bounde for unto olde Mr. Vernon •' ; and he said I should have it for a flitch of bacon'' at Shrovetyde, biddinge me write unto you In that behalfe. AVe heare not yet out of France, but looke for them every day ; for Ave here that Sir Thomas Went- worth was sente for a good while since "■. Graie'slnne, Feb. 1st, 1612. George Radcliffe. . ■ I pray you sende us some oat cakes. 55. HONOURED MOTHER, Feb. 4th, 1612. I RECEIVED all thinges specified in your letter by Travers. The handkerchiefs I delivered to Mrs. Longley ac- P See the Pedigree of Radcliffe. 9 Alexander Radcliffe's haggling for a flitch of bacon before he would consent to sign an acquittance, in which he appears to have had no inte- rest, is both comic and contemptible. But his meanness seems to have kept pace with his intemperance. r In consequence of the death of his father Sir Wm. Wentworth. By this circumstance the son's travels were rendered very short, for he was at Lon- desborough with his Father in the June preceding. See History of Craven, p. 253. See also Lord Strafford's Papers, Letter I. The return of Went- worth opened a new and important scene in the life of George Radcliffe, who was soon after received into the entire confidence of that great man ; a confidence which he never betrayed or abused. ^ - i.ift'ilci; 80 cordingelye as a token from you. Onely for my sister Nettle- ton's token, which you write was a crowne of gould, I re- ceived 5 shiUings in money by Gilbert Claye's man. I also writte that Cov\'per (as it was tould me) hath not \\Titten upon Genesis ; upon the Romans he is to be had : other particulars I doe not remember. I sent also another letter the last weeke, but thatte I think you have, or will receive. I have taken up in all 8 pounde of William PoUarde's man ; I shall neede 41. more about Shrovetyde. I make no question but that my co- sin Greenwood^ (by God's assistance) will discharge his place s It ajjpears that Mr. Greenwood had nearly been supplanted in his pur- suit of the Rectory of Thornhill by some simoniacal practices of a Dr. Brooke, aided, according to the usual alliance of malice and fraud, by some reports of his insufficiency. I suppose this person to have been John Brooke, D. D. Fellow of University College, Oxford, Rector of Emley, Silkston, and Bainton, who died A. D. 1616, and is buried in York Cathe- dral. (See Drake's Ebor. p. 509.) To George Radcliffe's testimony in behalf of his Tutor may be added a more weighty authority, that of Lord Strafford himself, who, writing to his nephew Sir Wm. Savile, speaks of Charles Greenwood in these terms : " Consult Mr. Greenwood, who hath seen much, is well able to judge, and certainly most faithful to fou. He was the man your father loved and trusted above all men, and did as faithfully discharge the trust reposed in him, as ever in my time I knew any man do for his dead friend. His advice will be always upright, and you may safely pour your secrets into him ; which by that time you have conversed a little more abroad in the world, yoo will find to be the greatest and noblest treasure this world can make any man owner of; and I protest to God were J in your place, I would think him the greatest and best riches I did or could possess," 1633. Strafford's Letters, p. 170. 81 - with a good conscience, and beyonde the genei*all expectaciounc. He preached in Oxen, when it came to his course for the most parte, except some tymes occasions, and a modest undcr- valuinge of his owne abiUties (which indeede were verye suf- ficient), did make him more unwilUnge to shew himselfe ia pubUc. In Univ. Coll. he performed the Catechizinge Lec- teur (I know not certainly how manye yeares) very learnedly and duely ; I dare bouldly say that in the generall judgemente of all Oxon. or any man that impartialy kno\^s both, Mr. Greuewoode's sufficiencye in all things ecjuall, in most fane superioure, to Dr. Brookes, who I feare doth most oppose him in this businesse. Large ProfeiTcrs methinkes should I'c- member Simon JVIagus's doome, thou and thy money perish together. If neither com'on charity nor good example for others did move him, at leaste he mighte consider what wronge he offers to Sir George, in solicitinge him to an acte so disho- nourable ; whereas he hath both sould the advowsou to his Sonne, and sealed it to Charles. Excuse me I pray you to myne aunt Nell for not sendinge her spectacles at this tyme ; the carrier retourneth so quickly I have not tyme. Graie's Inue, Feb. 4th, 1612. George Radcjliffe, M 82 56. LOVING MOTHER, Feb. 20th, 1612. I HAVE received letters by Mr. Jeremy White- akres', whereby I understand that you are in good health. My Tutour is safely arrived out of France (jji'aysed be God !} and is goinge towardes you as soone as some importaunte bu- slnesse wil give him leave. Remember my love to all our good friendes with you, or at Lees, or elsewhere. My uncle comendeth himself unto you, and asketh oft for a flitch of bacon. I have sente myne aunte her spectacles now att last, but I doubt now they will fitt her sight; but if I knew wherein they were amisse, the next tyme shall be amended. Feb. 20th, 1612. George Radcliffe. 57. LOVING MOTHER, May I8th, 1612. I ARRIVED safe and sound (praysed be God !) att Oxon. the Monday after I set Out. Our company (especially those with whom I came within 12 miles of Oxon.) was far more civil than I expected. We have been all well here ever t Born at Wakefield, bred in Sidney College Cambridge, and long after this time a TVlember of the Assembly of Divines. H^ was Minister of Ber- mondsey, where he died, and was buried A. D. 1654. Fuller's Worthies, in Yorkshire. 83 . - slnc«, as we hope of you. My cosins thank you for your to- kens. Concerning my Bacchelorship, I shall better testify you by tlie carriers. I shall want 4 nobles more at least, and which I iiever thought of; for I both forgot one angel to he disbursed about my Bacchelorship, and my battles exceeded xxs. : the sum which I ymagined, for the quarter was almost ended when I came away. If Mr. Hairison come \\ itl\ this letter himself, as he promised me, I make no doubt you will use him kindly for my sake. Thus remembring my duty unto vou, with commendations and thanks to Mr. Waterhouse and myne aunt Nell, godsonne, myj;. brother, sister Maiy, and Elizabetli (whom I could heartily wish to see), with all the rest, I take mv leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe. 58. LOVING MOTHER, May 28th, 1612. I HAVE got my degree of Bacchelour upon Mon- day last, being the 25th of this instant, in which business I am ever to acknowledge our Vice-Chancellour's" kindnesse. It " Dr. Thomas Singleton, Principal-of Brazennose. It is a very singular circumstance, that at a time when the distinction between ranks and orders in academical life, as well as in general society, was much more punctiliously 84 pleased him to send a beedle to nie (not many hours before I was to make a dinner to the College), insinwating as much in effect, as that I should invite him to dinner, which sudden news put me both to soiTie ti'ouble and expence of more crownes, having provided no such cheer as I thought sufficient for so great a company. I may be deemed too troublesome, who find nothing to write unto you but for money ; howsoever necessity upon this occasion constraineth me, having writ the last times for no more than would just suffice ; otherwise I should have taken some other course, knowing what use of money you have towards this Whitsuntide. I shall also want something at Midsummer, but how much yet I cannot tell. Thus with love to all, I take my leave, desiring your dayly prayers. Univ. Coll. Oxon. May 28th, 1612. Your loving sonne, George Radceiffe. 59. mother, June Vjtli, 1612. My duty remembred, &c. I have received by James More the some of 5- pounds. I am intending to seU observed than at present, the Vice-Chancellor should ultimate an expecta- tion by one of his beadles, that a commencing Bachelor of Arts would in- vite him to dinner. At present the Vice-Chancellor who had any ac- quaintance or family connexion with a young man of character who had just taken his first degree, might invite him to his table : but even this would be thought a condescension. v 85 my horse, otherwise I should trouble you for some moi'e mo- ney. I am sick of an ague, and now being in my fitt am not so well able to Avrite to you as I would : therefore till God may better enable me, that I may be able to write myself more at large, as occasion shall require, I rest, desiring your blessing ; also that you will remember my commendations to Mr. and JVIrs. Waterhouse, to my brother and sisters. Farewell. Univ. Coll. Oxon. June 17th, 1612. Your lovinge sonne, George Radcliffe. I do not doubt but the extremitye of the fitt is over, for though I be in my fitt that I cannot conveniently write my- self, yet I feel it so mild and gentille, that I almost assure myself to have overcomed it. 60. tion, that you or any other frende shoidd have come thither had been much trouble and expence to small purpose : I have had company still of the best sorte. Mr. Brookes came .often to me, furthering Mr. Hill with good advice. My cousin Jonas was very carefull over me, and furnished me with what money I wanted. I want a paire of sheets or two, for lying by my- self I am constrained to borrow : also I wante a cappe for the 86 (lay. Thus with commendations to all our good friends, I take my leave, desiringe your dayly prayers. Univ. Coll. Oxon. July 18th, 1612. Your lovinge sonne, George Radcliffe. 1 I received by Mr. Harrison 2s. from. you, and dolard from my brother Nettleton and my uncle Carr. Pardon I pray you my unthankfull forgetfullnesse in omitting them in my last letter. 61. LOVING MOTHER, November 2lst, 16] 2. I HAVE received by Thom. Walker 7^- and 10 shillings, for Wm. Noble also the box, my cloake, and a pair of sheets therein. There remaineth to be sent another paire of sheets (for those I had before are now quite worn out), and a paire of black stockings, my bootes, and (if it please you) the gowne cloth that you gave me. My cousin Thomas also would have his cloth sent up to Oxforde. I fear I shall be troublesome for some more money against Christmas, for when I have discharged all things here, and provided sucli things as are necessary at London, the remainder of this mo- ney will not be much for my retourne to Oxford. 1 shall take that course which shall be most expedient, \\ 1th a respect to myne own good and your charges. Thus with my humble 87 uety to you, and commeiiclations to all oxir ftiends, I take my leave. Univ. Coll. Oxon. Nov. 21st, 1612. " : , -^ Your loving sonne, George Radci>iffe. Commend me, I pray you, to William Crossley and Ills wife, with many thanks for her token ". 62. LOVING MOTHER, NoveiJihcr 30t/t, 1612. My humble duty remembered, hopinge you are in good health, as we have been. I have been much beholden to my cosin Greenwood since I came hither, who hath beene very willinge to doe me what khidnesse was possible. If you ivrite or sende any thinge, directe it to his lodgings in Graie's Inne Lane ende in Holbourne, where I lie within 2 houses, at an honest ould widdowe's house, till such time as I get a chamber in the Inne. Sende me uppe I pray you my black cloake which my uncle Savile gave me ; for the Prince's ^ un- timely death hath brought that colour into fashion. If the " The number of tokens or presents which he receives from his friends in the country is very remarkable. An angel, a dolard, or even a crooked shilling, would probably be more acceptable to a young academic, than all the kind expressions which he would now receive in a post letter from bis relations. ' y Henry Prince of Wales. 88 gowne cloath be not cominge already, it may stay awhile, for I shall not have so present use of it as I thought I should have. Nov. 30th, 1612. George Radcliffe. 63. . LOVING MOTHER, Jan. 5th, 1613. I received your letter, and for Sir George. I doe so much hate ungratitude, especially to one so well de- servinge, that I will ever respecte his honour above myne owne ; so that if any gentleman of like place (as you write you are tould) doe attende him at the Assises % he shall not finde me refractorv, nor slow to acknowledge any interest that he may claime in mee. I doe desire that my gray horse may be sould, for I stand in more ueede of money than I shall doe of the horse, if the colt prove so well : also Harry Allen may stay the buying of any other. Your hatte shall be provided with convenient speede. My cosin, om* parson, wil be at Thora- hlU presentlye after he hath given uppe his place, which will z The sheriffs of this great county were often attended to the Assizes by 300 horse ; all tlreir relatives and dependants making a point of joining the procession, by which they held, that they honoured themselves as well as their patron. In the frugal and unshewy period of the Commonwealth, I find from the original papers of a Puritan Sheriff of Lancashire, that his train consisted of 140 horse. 89 he in Marclie ; you shall hearc from him ngaine the nextweeke. Tlius N^-ith my humble duety rememhered, I take my leave. Jan. 5th, 1613. Your lovinge sorme, George Radcliffe. 64. LOVINGE MOTHER, Jan. 'Jth. I HAVE received by Wm. Hall a boxe of gin- gerbread, 265. from you, and 15*. Qcl. from Mr. Water- house ; I am sorry that he sente any, I am so much in his debt already. My sister, if it please her, shall have a newe hatte ; that she hath wU serve for Robin Nettleton^. We desire to knowe Avhether youre hatte shoulde bee of the oulde facion, or somewhat broder then is ordlnaiy nowadayes : whethei* faced with velvet or tafFata. I Avrote a lettre, which should be at Thornhill about New Years Day. I pray you sende me Sir George's resoelution. Wm. Hall would have given me 12*. more, but I refused them because no mention M-as made of them in the lettre. Jan. /th. George Radcliffe. a The high-crowned felt hat of this period, which seems to be liere in- tended, is seen in portraits on male and female heads indifferently. N- 90 65. LoviNGE MOTHER, March 26th, 1613. I RECEIVED your letters, with a flitch of bacon '', which I have dehvered to myne uncle, who is wiUinge to give me any acquittance or release of that bill, or any thinge else that was betwene ould Mr. Vernon and my father. We are all well (praysed be God !) as we hope of you. Mrs. Longley comendes her to you and my sisters, desiringe you to sende for a chest or coffer of cut work" to Hudersfielde, which she gives to my sister Elizabethe : there is a faire bedde there also, which she determineth to sell, and would have you to have the first nay of it. My uncle sendeth you many comendations, with thankes for his bacon. I kept Mr. Waterhouse's bookes till I heare from him concerninge Camden'', that I may sende them altogether. I toke uppe 7^. of James Singleton, and I shall neede 40^. or 3/. more about the middle of Apiile. March 26th, 1613. George Ratcliffe. i» This momentous flitch, the object of so many applications, at length arrived, and the release followed of course. « Rich cai"ved and massy bedsteads were the fashionable furniture of James the First's reign. See an account of a magnificent old bed belonging to the Radcliffes of Todmorden, and dated 1615, in the History of Whal- ley, p. 281. 4 I suppose the folio edition of the Britannia, published in 1 G07. 91 66. JLOVINGE MOTHER, April 2(1. I HAVE sente your hatte now at the laste ; it is as neere the facion you desired as we could gette anye : if the brimmes be too broad, as I thinke they are, they may be cutte. Mrs. Lougley sent my sisters comfits'^ befoi'e by a man of Al- mondbury, because she thoughte there might be some haste of them : she sente also unto my sister for a token a pounde of almonde comfits, vaih. many harty commendations unto your- self, and her with the reste. I hearde not before now what occasion (extraordinaiy) my sister Nettleton had to buy swete meates : I pray God make her a glad mother. My uncle asketh me often for a flitch of bacon '^. My Tvxtour is, I thinke, at Thornhill by this time, to M'hom, with the rest of my frendes, pray 'member me. I toke up of Thos. Oldham 15/. for my quarterage. April 2d. Geobge Radcliffe. 67. LOVINGE MOTHER, April l^, 1613. I RECEIVED your letters, which I ^^■ell may place amongst the best and worst that have usually come unto me. ^ They seem to have been indispensable at a christening, f Probably a slip of the memory. See the last letter. 92 I have not as yette seene Mrs. Longley since your letter came to iny haudes ; but I shall ere long pay her with thankes. I have lien in the Inne this moneth or 6 weekes, and shall doe till towardes Witsontyde, in Mr. Theophilus Ashton's chamber, now in his absence^. My uncle Robert married his aunt, and my cosin Savile RatclifFe his sister ; in the meane tyme I hope I shall provide myselfe of one, for lyinge abroade is both chargeable and inconvenient. If you can pro\'ide me 20 pounde I can buy a fair chamber therewith, together with what my good friendes ^vill lend me. For my other allowance It were as good for me to take it quarterly onelye : my desire is, that I might have 20 nobles paid at Midsummer and Christmas, and 20 markes at Michaelmas and Easter. For these 2 quarters I have more use for money to fournish me with apparel and other necessaries, than T have the two other. April 17th, 1613. George Radclifpe. s Almost all the Lancashire gentry intended for the profession of the Law, and many who were not, received their education in Gray's Inn- Theophilus Asliton was of Clegg near Rochdale, where he built the large Hall-house yet remaining, and died an opulent man about 1630. Itap- p.ears that in 1613, 20/. would purchase chambers in an Inn of Court; and that 20/. per annum (equivalent to 20 marks and 20 nobles) were adtequate to the yearly expences of a sober student. 93 68. LOVINGE MOTHER, MdlJ Wth, 1613. We are all well, as we hope you remaine, both at Thomhill and Lees, although I have heaixl otherwise of my brother and sister ; but I hope the best because I have heard nothinge from you. The figges, almondcs, and rise, which came unto you, was a token from your godsonne. Our greate cosin Sir Wm. Wade'' is put out of his place, and into prison, upon Thursday last ; but the cause I knoAV not. I am now about a chamber : it is a faire chamber, butt will coste me much, Sende me worde when I shall have money towardes it, and how much you can well provide. I have already taken uppe of my quarterage 9 pounde, and I shall neede move this quarter 3 pounde, as I imagine there will remaine for the nexte quarter 8 pounde, which, if it please you, may be returned against Midsomer. Remember me, I pray you, to Mr. Water- house and myne aunts. His ould acquaiuttance and friend Dr. Browne died upon Saturday last, miserablie and feare- b Son of Armigel Wade, whom Thoresby (Ducat. Lcod. p. 155) calls the English Columbus, and a Yorksliireman by l)irtii. See also Due. Leod. p. 607. Sir William Wade had been Clerk of tiic Council to Queen Elizabeth, and it was probably from this office that he was now displaced by King James. See Fuller's Worthies in Yorkshire, p. 202. 94 fullye on a dead palsey ; he is founde to be worth 155. 2d. and 600 pouude indebted to University College'. George Radcliffe. Graie's Inne, May 11th, 1613. m. LOVINGE MOTHER, Mat/ 29th, 1613. I HAVE received 2 letters from you, with a hand- kerchiefe from my sister Nettleton, which I have delivered to Mrs. Longley; she is iiowe very sicke, and hath beene a fourth- night or more : she was purposed to have gone downe into Yorkshire this summer. 1 tould her of 40^. received of Christopher Bi'ookes, which she wnW not have repaid ; but is sorry that it comes to you in so small payments. I have be- spoke your sugar, cynamon, ginger, and maces, which your godsone Jo. Gib. will sende. I woulde sett out from hence a weeke after Midsomer, and go by Oxforde. George Radcliffe. Graie's Inne, May 29th, 1613. i He had probably been Bursar of the College, an office in which such malversations have never been uncommon, though more frequently, it may be hoped, from the incurable inattention of scholars to money matters, than from voluntary fraud. 95 70. LOVINGE MOTHER, June 25f/t, 1613. - I HAVE received from you 2 letters, dated the 3d and 17th of June. For a horse I thnik I shall conveniently provide me to he at Thornhill about a moncth hence. I have bought a convenient chamber, and paid for it so much money as I had re- ceived, and there remains xxvs. more to be paid in Lancashire at Bartl™^" tyde , which I humbly intreat may be provided against that tyme. For my quarterage I shall take uppe 8 poundes. Mrs. Longley is well recovered (j3raysed be God !) and comends herself unto you. Your godsonne will provide you spices, and sende them by Wm. Day. June 2oth, 1613. George Radcliffe. 71. LOVINGE MOTHER, November 5fh, 1613. I RECEIVED a letter about a weeke agoe from my sister, with tvAo notes inclosed, also by Wm. Hall a paire of bandstrings and an angel in gould, as a token from you, which, as for all other things, my best recompense must be my dutiful thankfulnesse. Mrs. Longley and her sonnes sende comendaciounes and many thankes for their legacies. I pray you sende the 10 pounde I left behind, or part of it, to be here bye the 27th of this monthe. I \\ ould have my gray 96 horse sould att any rate not under 3 pounde. Remember my best service to all good friends. Thus desyrynge your prayers, I take my leave. George Radcliffk. Nov. 5, 1613, Graye's Inne. 72. LOVINGE MOTHER, NoV. 2'Jth, 1613. I HAVE lately received 2 letters from you, with the first a go^vne cloatb, 2 pillowbears, and 2 handkerchiefs from myne aunt Nell; with the latter by Wm. Hall 5 poundes I shall write to my cosin Greenwood with all speede, that he from Oxford or I from here may certifye his pleasure about his teand*^ barnes: I heare he is in good health. Mrs. Longley sendes you kindest comendations, and a yearde of lawne for a. ruffe : here is also 12 poundes of pepper for you att 2^. 2d.^ the pounde. The same tyme which you sent last Mr. Ray sent also to your godson for pepper, who sente him lesse (as he did unto you) than Avas sente for ; therefore there is sume (6 lb. as I take it) inclosed for him, if he be not otherwise provided. I have sent you withall Cooper upon the Romans, hard waxe, and a hatte for my sister. I shoidd have sent. k I. e. tithe : the word is yet retained in Scotland. • Two-thirds of the present price. 97 Mr. Waterhous his bookes ere now, but that I stay looking every day when Dr. Willette^ shall come forth. Nov. 27th, 1613. George Radcliffe, 73. LOVING MOTHER, Dec. ISlh, 1613. I RECEIVED your letter the 16th, with a token from my sister Mary. The tyme was so shorte I coulde not so conveniently as I desire sende downe your hatte nor my sister's stufFe against Chiistmas ; but they shall come (God willinge) shortly after. I sent my sister a hatt by John Nayler ; it cost 9*. or 11*. I forgette which; if I knew M'here it wereamisse I mighte mende it the next tyme. For Sir George I must and will ever acknowledge myself and what I have to be at his commande, which should be very hard if I did not readily and willinglye doe. I will therefore (with your good leave and furtherance) be ready against the Assizes in Lent, if he desire it, to do unto him there all the honor and service I may, appointed in such habits as may beseeme a member of the Society wherein I live, with a man or 2 to weare my II- ^ Dr. Andrew Willet, who died in 1621. He published no fewer than 46 theological works ; so that I may be allowed to confess my ignorance which of the number is here meant. o 98 veiy. My cosin Charles hath bene sicke of the gout. I pray you give Katharhie Allen thankes for her token. George Radcliffe. Graye's Inne, Dec. 18, 1613. 74. DEARE MOTHER, Feh. \Qth. I HAVE received from Mr. Greenwood ten pounds, with divers kind tokens from you and Mrs. Waterhouse, for which I owe much thankfulness. Your parson desires I dare say as much to be at Thorahill as you do to have him there ; he will come very shortly I thinke, for this snow hath made the wayes such as that he cannot bringe my cosin Margaret downe with him at this tyme. We are all sorry to heare of your heavy newes, but patience must help to make that easy which cannot be altered. For my cominge downe I have loste so muche tyme of late that I had neede to redeem it now ; ne- vertheless if my beinge at Thornhill might doe you any good, I am and shall ever be ready when it shall please you to sende, but otherwise I desire to stay till next winter ; but if I come I had rather ride on myne own horse, the Avayes be so foule. Myne uncle Alexander desires to heare some newes of his vnie : r. Vernon writes to him that she was in peril of death. George Radceifee. Graye's Inn, Feb. 16. .99 75. LOVINGE MOTHER, I HAVE received your letter this 20th of March : so foule have the ways bene, and so hard the passage, that the carriers could not get through any sooner. I have used the best means I could with my Lo. Shrewsbury"" to obtaine Geo, Carre's wardeshlppe; and I am persuaded I might have gotten it, had not his grandfather prevented me. My Lord tould me that he sayd he could mary the boy, or entitle the kinge unto him, by purchasinge other landes, at which his Lo. seemed to be higlilye displeased ; neverthelesse I am in some hope to buy him out, though I shall pay dearer for it, if some about my Lo. have not begged him already. I desire to know the most that the ould man will give ; or if he like not that course, I thinke It better to buy some land holden of the kinge, for then I shall suere to have the wardeshippe, rather than to marry him. March 20, 1614, George Radcliffe, m Gilbert Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, who died in May 1616. Ward- ship and marriage, two of the greatest oppressions of the feodal law, were happily done away at the Restoration. While they subsisted, minors were robbed of the mesne profits of their estates by the Crown or the purchaser of the wardship ; and, what was worse, were often made miserable for life by marriages in which their own inclinations were never considered. 100 76. rOVINGE MOTHER, Ma^ 20th, 1614. YouB hatte cost 12 shillings as I remember. Mr. Greenwood was likened to a wife in Oxford a yeare agoe ; the gentlewoman was sister-in-law to a doctour there, his wife's sister, and his brother's widdow : she hath living 5 children, all which have theire porcions payed, and are broughte uppe by several of their frlendes. .1 oftentimes enquired of her since there was any such reporte made to my tutour, and I have hearde a generale good reporte of her for reUgion, huswyfrye, and estate " ; what hath bene done in the businesse I cannot certifye you, I shall knowe more the nexte weeke, when Mr. Greenwood will be here. This I dare say, that a wife shall not withdraw him from his charge ; for I know his resolution is unmoveable (whether he marry or not), to dwell at Thornhill. If Mr. Waterhouse be wiUinge to seUe his nagge, I shall bee verye desirous to have him, for he likes me° exceedingly. I am glad to heare you are all well, especially my sister Nettleton, for I much feared her. I have received 3 handkerchiefs ; they come in verye good tyme, for I had al- most wanted some. May 20th, 1614. George Radcliffe. " The guterenda at present would have been fortune and accomplishments. o That is, «' I like him." 101 77. LoviNGE MOTHER, June lOM. Michael Bentley hath boughte to your use the 2 closes on the South side Calder, which he sayth you spake to him about. The daye of payment is sooner than he spake to you of, because Mr. Birkbye is present in want of mo- neye ; yet because I though te it inconvenient to foregoe them, I have payed Mr. Birkbye his money (40/.) : I procured it by my tutour's means, of Mr. Marries p, Sir Thomas Wentworth his man : it is to be payed to Daniel Foxcroft of Halifax, wathin sixe dayes after Witsontide. I pray you let one goe and paye it, and take a letter which Mr. Marries gave to Mr. Raye at Daniel Foxcroft's ; so that they may be sente to P This man long afterwards came to an untimely and miserable end, which drew from his Lord (Strafford) the following serious and excellent reflections : " I confess the loss of the man troubles me not so much, al- beit in truth I loved him very well, as the sadness and indeed fearfulness of the misfortune through which he was lost, most grievous, God knows, for him, and scandalous to all that have relation to him. Nor do 1 think he was drowned, but rather that, heavy with drink, he dropped from his horse. But enough of so woeful a subject, which I wish might never be mentioned or remembered again, further than to consider in it the just judgments of God, and to deter us from this swinish vice, and all other which may bring upon ourselves like punishments." Strafford's Letters, p. 486. 102 Wentworth Woodehouse 'mediately aftervvardes. Mr. Marries shewed me a great kindness in p'curing this fourty pomides, else I know not howe to have borrowed so much ; the more desirous am I that he be put to noe prejudice by the not-pay- ment of the money at the day appointed. June 10th. Your loving sonne, George Radcliffe, 78. liOViNGE MOTHEK, June loth, 1614. I RECEIVED your letter and I7 shilUngs by Wm. Hall. We are all in good healthe (praysed be God !) as we hope you remaine. My sister shall have a saddle provided, onely I desire to know how much she will bestow : about 6 pounde or 20 nobles will buy a faire onei, with studdes well guilte. If you thlnke fitte that I should goe downe after next term I am contented, and shall be readye. My cosin Charles Greenwood will be at ThornhlU, I thlnke, Avithin 3 weeks at the furthest. June 13th, 1614. George Radcliffe. 1 Half of which sum would buy a lady's side-saddle at present : but the expences of this period consisted in ornament and finery. 103 79. roviNGE MOTHER, November Atk. I HAVE sente your cuppe and the table cloath. The cuppe weigheth 8 ounces and a quarter at 5^. 'Jd. the oz. which amounteth to 46s. in all. It is as nere the fashion of that you sent as I could gette any. The silver that I had came to 21a\ Qd. at 4*. 6d. the ounce (for some of it was so coarse I could gette no more for it), which with the double soveraigne "■ I had, makes in all 435. Qd. ; so the residue is 2*. Qd. and a groat (too deare) for the boxe. My measui'c was not perfect for your communion table cloath ' : but as I remem- ber it was to be 4 yeardes longe and one yearde and a halfe broad, I could gette none good so narrow : this which I have sent is 2 yards in breadth and 4 and a halfe longe ; it cost 35. 4c?. the yearde, which vi^as just your money, 15 shillings. ■■ Meaning, I suppose, the double ryal or single sovereign ; and even this must have been an old coin, for the single sovereign of Elizabeth and James I. was current for 30^. The double sovereign is peculiar, as far as I know, to the coinage of Henry VII. 5 This pious lady, it ajjpears, was now adorning the altar of the parish church at Thornhill : the cup was probably intended for the same pur- pose. Broad-cloth at is. -id. a yard must either have been very cheap or very coarse. The finest Spanish broad-cloth about this time cost 20^-. per yard. 104 Your tokens were kindly taken. I gave the bacon unto my cosin Elmhirst, and the beefe unto your godson. November 4th. George Radcliffe. 80. r.ooD MOTHER, November 3d, 1615. I am now safely come to London on All Souls Day, after a faire and pleasant journey : my horse held out better than he promised the first day; then he halted, but now he is sound. I have taken uppe 10 poundes of Mr. Greenwood, which I pray you to repay him. I have been so throng "^ since I came that I have not had leisure to see any body ; but I heare Mrs. Longley is well. I must intreat myne aunt Nell and my sister Elizabeth to have me excused that I doe not sende their bookes till the next tyme, for I have not had leisure to buy them yet. There hath been a greate adoe about the poysoninge a gentleman" in the Tower; one is hanged, another fled, some examined, and divers imprisoned ; but small certain tye is yett knowne. It is confidently reported that the Earle of Somersett is sent to the Tower yesterday night. By Wm. Hall a glasse of Avonnwood water was safely t /. e. busy : a remnant of his Yorkshire dialect, which neither Oxford nor Gray's Inn had worn away. " Sir Thomas Overbury. It is amusing to meet with old established facts in English history spoken of as the news of the day. 105 hroughte, but I thanke God I have no use of it yet ; for I hope this fitte of toothack is past. I send down my horse by Win. Hall, and your sheet that lapped my clothes. November 3d, 1G1.5. - George Radcliffe. 81. GOOD MOTHER, March lOt/i, 1616. I HAVE had a faire and good journey I thanke God, and I am now safely come to Graye's Inne. I came to my uncle Leadbetter's, and stayed with myne aunt all Tues- day, and so escaped a rainy day. I founde her sicke of an ague, and myne uncle pensive ; but I hope there is no dan- ger, but that she will recover. By the way we light on very goode company, and the way grew very faire upon us. My mare did carry me very well ; I thinke you may ride on her now when she comes home. We have the Lord Keeper , of Graye's Inne (Sir Francis Bacon ^) made last weeke. The Kinge sets forwards to come towardes you on Fryday next, as we heare. Instead of other news I have sent you herein 3 pictures. I have not scene Sir Geo. yette ; he was at court yesterday, and I thinke he is in health, so is my lady (whom I saw) but for a could ; she remembers you, so doth both the * The glory aad shame of that house. P 106 little gentlewomen and Mrs. Mary. So I take my leave tiU Dicke Hall come. March 10, 1616. George Radcliffe. 82. LoviNGE MOTHER, March I5th, 1616. Richard Halles stay gives mc occasion to write more than I looked for ; for thinkinge of his goinge this day, I excused myself for not writinge in my letter unto Mr, Green- v/ood ; but seeing he takes longer tyme, I thoughte good to remember my dutye unto you. I have not been with Sir Geo. since I writte to you, but I hope they are all well, for I saw my Lady and Mrs. Mary (and I thinke Sir George was with them) in their coach goinge yesterday out of the towne w'th the Kinge ; his Majestye is now on his journey, and I hear he intendes to stay at Yorke longer than was first ap- pointed. The marriage with Spain seemes to be att a stay, for there is never a worde stiiringe of it that I can hear cer- tainly ; perhaps it is by reason of the stirrs in France. If myne uncle Carr doe send you his daughter, I pray signifie unto him that we are unwillinge to let out any money for the use of the childe ; but if I could heare of a lease or other com- modity whereon to bestowe it, I should be willinge to employe it soe as the child should have reasonable co'modity, and no 107 losse. Commende me to myue ant Nell and my sister and cousin Longley. I shall sonde 2 bibles, one for my ant, and another for my sister Elizabeth. March 15th, 161 G. George Radcliffe. 83. LOVINGE MOTHER, 3Iarch 2l$t, 1616. I HAVE resceaved a gammon of bacon from you for my cosin Wm. Elmhirst, and have sente it unto him ac- cordingelye. I am glad that you have had so fine a seed tyme : we enjoyed also our part of the benefit in a faire jour- ney, God be praised for it. I was with Sir George this weeke ; they are all well. Mrs. Mary hath gotten Flockton Tithe for you, she tould me ; I believe, she will write to you herselfe of it. I pray you remember that either you sell to Lo. Roos his owne tythe, or that you fetch it home ; for so I promised him. Mrs. Mary was to be requested by me to buye some pretty stript stuffe for myne ant Nell before Easter, but I sette not downe whether it was for a kirtle or for the back of a loose bodyed gowne, only I thinke for a kirtle and bodys ; yet it were not amisse that myne aunt should certifye us how much yearde -broad stufFe she useth therein. When it will please you to have a gowne yourselfe sende me worde, and I shall buy it as well as I canne. Thus I take my leave. March 21st, 1616. George Radcliffe. 108 84. GOOD MOTHER, April i\th, 16'16, As for my saddle cloth I am not yette fully resolved whether to have it set on here or In Yorkshire, thei-efore it may stay a little. I have sent you a hat ; I pray you send word how you like it, and how it fitts, that I may light right ano- ther time. I thinke you have a bande already ; or else if I knew what a one you would have I \\'ould sende one. I pray you commende me to ould Mr. Nettleton ; I have sent him herewith all his Canarie wine^, and I wish it may be to his liking : also your service book is to come now better bound than it was last time. I pray you sende me the 6 yeardes of (minim) browne clothe, which I had of myne uncle Lock- wood, for I doe mean to make a suit of it here after Midsum- mer. My sister's spoons be not readye. April 11th, 1616. Georgjg Radcliffe. Wine, 4 gallons, at 3i. 4' ; a ninlete and portage \s. 6d. ; the boy that filled it 6d. (pay not this unlesse it be good) ; hat and boxe 8s. 6d. (but that is myne.) y So that Canary wine in 1616 sokl for 10^/. a qnart ! 109 85. LOVINGE MOTHER, May 3d, 1616. I HAVE received your letter. The barke house at Darton I thliike will not last long. I looked at It as I re- member at my comminge uppe, but I know not whether the tenant intende to builde It agalne or no ; which If he doe he had neede have the timber towards It, for I thinke his house Is dear enough of his rente ; therefore I could wish It might stay till I come downe, unlesse the tenant seemes wllllnge that It should be soulde : 41. seemes to me a good price for It. I like your project well in giving Mr. Nettle ton the v,me In that manner, as I remember I had such a thoughte In my head when it came, yette fearing that If he had occasion to sende agalne that mighte hinder him, I did omitte It. I have boughte you 18 yarde of Turkey grogram, I thinke it Is a great deal better than the sample you sente me both for the colour and the stuft'e, for It Is of 4 thredes, and your sample of 3 onely ; It cost 6s. 8d. a yearde, in all 61. ; for lace, I pur- pose to sende it after, when I shall gette that wlilch Is good made of purpose. Myne aunt's bible cost about ... as I re- member ; but I loke for no money for it, her kinduesse hath deserved more at myne handes than so. I wante 2 pieces of harde wax sealed, with either ende of Mr. Waterhous's scale : 110 as also I woulde know what should be written on the plate which I have ordered here to be made for his tombe'. I have mette with Giles Jolife, and I loke for money from him. May 3d, 1616. George Radcliffe. 86. LOVINGE MOTHER, Mai/ 23d, 1616. We are all here in good health (praysed be God !) so we hope and wish you may remaine. Dame Waterhous is safely arived here, and commendeth herself unto you. I have paid all there, and have also sente you a note of the particu- lars ; it comes to 1^. 4*. 4c?. My cousin Longley hath sent myne aunt Nell her velvet dyed, but she will not tell what it cost ; she hath sent also a boxe of preserved ginger to my bro- ther Nettleton (I pray you commende me to him, and tell him I thinke it wiU do him good to eate of it in a morninge), and * This epitaph yet remains engraven on a brass plate affixed to a pillar in the church of Thornhill. It is as follows: " Here lyeth the body of Phil- lip Waterhous, 3d sonne of John Waterhouse of Hahfax, Esq. Maister of Artes, and sometime Fellow of University College, Oxon. He dyed the 16th ©f Januari 1614, the 57th yere of his age. Hellen, dauf;hter of Ri- chard Lacye, of Cromewel botome, Esq. his beloved wife dedicated this monument to his memori." Arms of Waterhouse : Or, a Pile engrailed Sable. Motto, Veritas liberabit. There are also impaled the arms of Lacy and Cromwel bottom. Ill 3 lb. and a quarter more, sent alltogether for better carriage, which she intreates you to divide, viz. one pound for my sister Maiy, one pounde for yourself, another for myne ant Nell, and a quarter for dame Clayton. The grene lace whiche was sent before is not usually solde, but it was made purposely for you, and if it come againe it may be a greate while before they finde a chapman for it ; and therefore they desire you to keepe It, thoughe you pay less than the price, if you have any use for it. I have here sent you downe two very good hats, as I thinke, which Mr. Bladen bought for myne aunt and you ; he hath proffered me kiiidnesse about the lease at Haddlesey : I pray you thanke him. We defeiTe myne aunt's business against a fitter tyme, the next tearme. Sir George hath had a cough here a good while, and he mendes but slowly ; it makes him drowsie ; but I hope there is no danger, I thanke my sister for my key. As I remember I should have brought her a fanne, but (such is my negligence) I have almost forgotte. I pray you commende me to all our goode friendes with you or at Lees. Thus with my humble duety unto you, desiringe your prayers, I take my leave. Your lovinge sonne, George Radclifpe. Graye's Inne, May 23, 1616. I will speake againe with myne uncle to take some course with his tenants that you may have your money which you- have layd out, if it may be. IV2 87. LOVINGE MOTHER, Mai/ 31st, 1616. I HAVE received a longe quishlnge and a gamaii of bacon for my cosin Longley and her sisters ; they return you commendations with thankes. My cosin Longley thankes myne ant Nell for AngelUca, 6 ounces and a halfe, which she sent her. I consulted \vith Mr. Bladen about the farmes at Haddlesey, and we thoughte best that he shoulde just speake to Parker, which he promised to doe accordingly. I pray you put myne uncle Lockwood in minde of the springe'', it doth no good standing, I thinke ; neither doe I thinke the tyme of the yeare past yette for pilhnge, if myne uncle gett leisure to goe downc. Sir George'' mendes of his colde ; but I heare not yette of any agreement towardes : it may be my Lorde of Shrews- 'liury mighte effecte it. I have had my healthe very welle, thanke God, since I came, savinge one fitte of the head ache, which was not extream neither. The greate Lord " and his La. are both condemned for this poysoninge, and we looke dayly for execution. I shall, peradventure, sende you the particu- lars of theire arraignement, if I can get it copyed out conve- niently, and if that I doe not heare of it in private. The new Lo. of Shrewsbury hath beene Avith the kinge, and, as the a i.e. spring wood. ^ Seep. 114. rc The Earl of Somerset. 113 toAvne reportcs, I'nth had a very gratlous answcre. Myne uncle was sayinge, lie tlioug!,te my cosin Savilc Radclifte woulil uo so much for him as procure him his rents of his te- narits ; therefore, if it please you, you may sende him to helpe you to what is hehinde. May 31st, It) 16. Geokge Radcliffe. 88. LOVINGE MOTHER, Jufie I4th, 1615. I AM glad to heare of your good health, now es- pecially when so many are sicke amongst us ; you know what Is best to prevent infection ; and I pray God keepe us all, and prepare us. This ague, as it seemes, hath beene in many counties, 1 lieare ii\ Suffolk and in Lincolnshire ; and here about this towne hath been a disease which some have thoughte to be a bastaid plemisie. Mr. Jo. Gibson dyed of a hot ague without much sense of sickness or paine till towardes the latter ende : I was with him divres tymes, and once stayed with him a goode while, but none In that house had any harme after- wards ; but his brother Robert dyed of his disease, as nearly as I canne guess by the speeche of those about him, for I was but once with him, and stayed but a while nether. When I founde hiui so well, I little suspected death, else, p'haps, I might have beene more there, but I was glad I was not there, lest there might be some infection ; as I thinke there co'monly Q 114 is more or lesse in those hot diseases. I was yesterday at the Fleet, and there founde Sir George*^ and my Lady in good heakhe and hearte ; they have great store of good company, both of prisoners of their own ranke, knightes, and gentlewo- men, and of their friei\ds that come to see them ; so that they live very contentedly and merily. I pray you thanke myne aunt Nell for her kind token w'ch she sent me. I looked for her coate of armes to have come uppe, as Mr. Bladen tould me it would be heare ; but the workman may leave room for it, I thanke my sister also for her cuffs and socks, which I had neede of. June 14th, 1616. George Radcliffe. 89. LoviNGE MOTHER, June 2\st, 1616. I HAVE not scene my cosin Longley since your letter came, therefore I doe not know her mynde about the sendinge uppe her clothe, I caimot tell you what the scar- lette which myne co. Copley sente you is worthe, unlesse I knew the quantity of itte, and whether it be cloth or bayes : ^ Sir George Savile. His lady was Mary daughter of George Earl of Shrewsbury. I do not know the occasion of their commitment here al- luded to. See p. 112, 115 a vearde of scarlet" cloth this veare is A\ortiie 3/. IOa-. a vearcie, of bayes 14 or 20 shillings, accordlnge to the goodnesse of the colour. Sir Geo. and my La. are welle ; I thiiike they will be going downe shortly. Dr. Lyster*^ is comminge downe too, if any of you want his advice : I pray you sende him a ca- pon or somewhat, for I may have use of him hereafter. Yes- terday I hearde the Kinge in the Star Chamljer?; he Avas pleased to sitt there in p'son, and to give the charge to the judges that are to goe theire circuites, which the Lo. Chan- cellor is wont to doe. The Bishop of Winchester'' was at the Council Borde on Sunday, in healthe, as it is saide, and dyed on Monday ; and the B'p of Bath & Welles' is reported to suc- ceede him. - June 21, 1616. George Radclifee. e In grain. The dying material must have been extremelj' scarce and dear. f Dr. Matthew Lister, for an account of whom see History of Craven, p. 99. e This is an instance of the pedantic impertinence of James, who some- times took liis place and spoke in the King's Bench, till he received a I'espectful hint from the Judges to forbear. *• Dr. Thomas Bilson, died June 18, 1616. ' Dr. James Montague. This translation took place in October following. 116 90. LOVINGE MOTHER, Jxdy \'2th, 1616. I HAVE receaved from you scarlet bayes for a wasstcoat : 1 have heard of much vertue in the coloure for holesomenes, and therefore could have \\4shed that you had kepte it for your owne use ; but, since it is your pleasure to be- stow it on me, I doe thankfully accept it, and so shall Aveare it for your sake. 1 have sente downe my sister Eliz. her fanne, it cost 9s. 6d. and is of the best feathers, which she may have some money for againe after that it is worne. If the handle doe not like her, she may have one of silver for 4 or 5 shillings''. Dinis boule also is sent now, it coste, as appears in a note sente in the boxe w'th it, 5s. 4d. and the boxe 3d. ; the boule pleased me so muche better than other which I saw about her price, that I thoughte 4d. would be ill saved. Wm. Stringer's suit cost 6s. Id. which he must pay, though he be recom- pensed : I know not whether I writ so before or not. July 12th, 1616. George Radcliffe. ^ See Johnson and Steevens's Shakspeare, in the JNIeiry Wives of Windsor, where some of these old fans are engraven. The stealing the handle of the Lady Bridget's fan must have been grand larceny. 117 91. LOVINGE MOTHER, Jul^ 3lsf, 1616. r RECEIVED a I"= from Mr. Stocke, wherein it seemed that he purposed to leave fortie shillings with you to sende hither. I have laid out for him so much (wanting 20 pence) in bookes, w'ch I have sent downe by Riciiarde Hall; and I shall take uppe the 4 shillings of Thomas Spivie, which if you repay with the money which you have or shall receive from Mr. Stocke, I sliall be indebted to one of you 5 groats. I have received 5^. 6c/. from my sister. 1 shall sende her a booke, and a r>ible too if she w ille, for I learn that they ai'e printinge in h lesse volume than ever they were yette, which it may be m'\\\ jdease her. I am in good healthe, saveing that I have gotte a little cwdd, which I shall arme myself against, by God's help. Many thanks to Mr. Greenwood for his last letter. 1 thinke Mr. Thomas bee at Thornhill before this tyme. Sir George is comminge down to-morrow, I take it, witii the corps of the late Earl of Shrewsbury'. Thus humbly I take my leave, &c. &c. &c. &c. July 31st, 1616. George Rabceifee. 1 Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury died May 8th, 1616, at London, and was buried at Sheffield. The remains of the great were then treated with more respect than at present, when they are abandoned to senants and undertakers' men. — Sii" George Savile was his sister's son. 118 92, Aug. 22d, 1616. I AM very glad for the plenty of the yeare, and of the well ninkige of your hay ; I wish the like seasonableness of weather for your corne, if God see it meete, who crowneth the yeare with his g'oodnesse, and his eloudes drop fatnesse. I could wish that 5/. ll*. with 40 shillings more were bestowed on a good lustye nagge, of a middle stature, that would caiTy me to London, and downe in the winter, whose legges would not swell as the great ba^es doe. I will provide my sister a Cowper on the Romaines against the next tyme. It raines soe now I cannot well go abroad. But for her Bible she must Avaite a while, for they are not printed yett. I shall speake with mvne uncle about his tenants againe, and accordinge to his aunswere you may pay or not pay liis parte. I thinke itte no breach of charity to let Mr. Vernon™ recover against him, if it be :i greate summe he is bounde in to him ; yet, if he will do any reason, it Avere neither pollcie nor good manners in me to loose him, though I am very indiffei-ent whether I ever get ought by him or not, especially as thinges stande. It is a far easier and freeer course for me to bee content with such thinges as God hath plentifully and sufficiently bestowed on "» See the pedigree of Radcliffe. 119 me allready, if I can but learne to live accordingelye, then to gape after dead men's shoes, and then, if any thirii^e should fall, to be perplexed with 1 knoAv not what restitution. Tlicrc- fore as I will not contemn his kindnesse shewn to me, soe I wiU not be sicke for his estate. I have sent Mr. Greenwood Dr. Hackwill's booke against Dr. Carrier, and a letter from our cousin Jonas, which came to me on Tuseday last. Your lovinge sonne, Aug. 22d, 1616. George Radcliffe. 93. Sept. I3t/i, 1616. I PRAY you pay unto George Spivie my quar- terage" now this Michselmas. I met with the passages about my Lo. Coke before the Council, and I have sente them herein inclosed : Ave know not yette what the ende ^\\\\ be. I hope you have heard of the stirrs in France about the Prince of Conde, or else I shall send it you, if you will. Sept. 13th, 1616, George Radcliffe. 94. roviNGE MOTHER, October 18th, 1616. I HAVE sent the triacle av'cIi you writte for, there is, I thinke, eleven pounde at 4cL the pountle, which came to " A figure of 8 is marked over the word quarterage. 120 3s. 10c/. tlie barrel, and portage 6d. in all 45. 4d. It is re- ported that Sir Edwai'd Cooke" was made a private man yes< terday, how true I know not. I pray you lette my hay horse he taken uppe, if he he not already, that he may come v. ith Wm. Hall next tyme ; for shortly after that tyme I hope to come downe, God willinge, if it please you. We have no great newes here, hut that there is preparation made against the Prince's instalment''. I thinke it will coste me a marke, and I am very glad that I escape so. Octoher 18th, 1616. George Radcliffe. 95. DEAR MOTHER, Jhn. 10th, 161 7- Wm. Halle's unusual haste this last tyme made me come too late with my sister's lace and letters : 1 was at my cosin Elmhirst's at his comminge, and there lay a night or 2 this Xmas, where, I thanke God, I got free from tooth- ache. Tile manner was this : amono:st other thinjxes I used for my tooth, 1 had a little blacke paste which Mr. Geo. Kay had long since given to me to raise a blister withall hehinde mine o June 1 Sth this year Sir Edward Coke was suspended from his of- fice of Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and deprived November 15th following. P Afterwards Charles the First. The gentlemen of the Inns of Court were properly magnificent on these occasions. ear. I used at several tymcs it at the one earc, and cantha- rldes at the other, but neither ine, and that the towne keeps free ; I hope it will holde so still. If my cosin Greenwood did give you a new calved quie and a paire of oxen it was a greate gift, and we must hdjour to do him as good a turne ; but m hat intent or thoughte he had I know not : for of keepinge a greater house, or beinge towardes a new daughter, I thinke you heare as much as I. I pray you give my sister thankes for her token : I would not have had her made me so deare a brother; and I desire to be re- membered to my brother and her, and all there. Dr. Bank- croft '^ hath sente you so many comendations that I am ashamed to have mcII nigh forgotten them ; I saw him yesterday, and he still remembers Thonihill. July 4th, I6I7. George Radcliffe. From July 161^ to June 1624, the series of these Letters is Interrupted : but it m as an eventful period in the life of George Radclitfe ; for in this interval of seven years he became an r Master of University College, and afterwards Bishop of Oxford. 12 ^■\ eminent practising lawyer, and was twice married, first to . daughter of Jolm Finch, afterwards Baron Finch of Fordwich, and Keeper of the Great Seal, who died early and without issue ; secondly, to Elizaheth daugliter of Sir Francis Trappes, of Knareshorough in Yorkshire, with whom he seems to have lived in uninteiTupted happiness, until the Iniqvilty of the times put an end to all their domestic enjoy- ments, dnving him into exile, and leaving hehind the compa- nion of his hetter fortuner. in danger and nenurv. To this ladv, who seems to have been everv wav deservin.o" of so wise and vir- tuous an hushand, the next series of Letters is principally ad- dressed. — She was cousln-german to Su* Thomas Went^orth ; and this connexion laid the foundation of an intimacy equally useful and honouralde to both parties, Avhich was only dis- solved bv the death of Strafford, 97. SWEET HE ARTE, J'lme 4th, 1624. I CAME to this towne Tuesday, jind so made it 6 dayes easy journeyes ; but I rested on Sunday* at Stamford, where I light with another cousin of yours, Mr. Gower. All are well here except my cousin John, who is vett prettily « For wliicli Sir Matthew Hale would have assured him on his own ex- perience that he should succeed the better during the ensuing week. 124 recovered of a fitt which hekle liim a weeke. Tlie Parliament ended on Saturday last, and many good lawes were made ; but Micheelmas terme is not shortened, which bill might have had your voice I dare say. I supped this night with Sir Thos.* who desires to be remembred unto you. There is tallc of pre- paration for warres, but that is all which I see. There was a great watch sett in London last night, but why we know not. Some say the Duke of Buckingham is still sicke, and that his disease lies much in his head ; and this is such ne^\^es as I have to tell you, savinge that the Earl of Middlesex" came out of the Tower on Tuesday, and, they say, hopes to be somebodye for all this "' ; but there is an Act of P. passed for sale of his landes, to satisfy such as he is indebted to ; so I hope my Lady will gett her money. Faru ell myne owne deace love. Remember my duety to my mother, my service and love where it is due ; and God blesse my boy, and kepe us all ! Your lovinge husbaiid, George Ratcliffe. Grayes Inne, June 4th, 1624. To iny right deare and lovinge ivife, Mrs. Ann Ratcliffe, at OverthorjJe in Thornhill. t Wentworth, her cousin- german. o Lionel Cranfield, Lord Treasurer, impeached this year for High Crimes and Misdemeanors, and fined 50,000/. at the instigation of the Duke of Buckingham. ^ He was not deceived in this hope, for he survived in honour to tlie year 1645. His epitaph in Westminster Abbey, alluding to this political 125 \ 98. MY DEARE LOVE, Fch. -ith, 1626. It seenies to me to be a grcate Avliile since my comiiige hither, and that all tliis while I liave not written to you. I have dihgently enquired of men to g'o downwards, and yett couldc not heare of any that went further than Haughton. My Lady% yoxir aunt, commendes herself very kindlyc unto you, and if slje might have your eompany here, she would provide a lodgiuge for you. I tould her you should come uppe at Easter, if you pleased, which she was very glad to here ; but I said I could not undertake so much without knowinge first your mynd ; for all my country affaires rested upon your discretion. Very earnest she was thereupon that I should write to you, and understand Avhether you could then come uppe or no, and bring your boy with you (^she will give him a sadle) ; and that T would certify her thereof as soon as might be. I pray you therefore write me your opinion. I heare by Mr. Man (now lately come) that you and my l)oy are well, which as it is alwayes to me the best newes, so now especially, in regard you were scarce Avell Avhen I leaft you ; yett I v.onder you should be very well, and I understand it rather by Peter storm, says, " Jactatus tantum, non naufragus enatavit, seclala hieme fixit anchoram in re lauta ; sereno senectutis otio, expiravit." " The Countess of Leicester. / 126 Man's words than your V\ which in that point had !)ene of testimonies both more welcome and of better credit. God's blesslnge and mine to the childe ! Yom's, &c. &c. &c. George RATCLiFPrt Graves Inne, Feb. 4th, 1626. 9J). GOOD NAN, Feb. 20th, 1625. 1 NOW lonpe to see you and my boy, which 1 hope I shall doe shortlye. Gir Thos. Wentworth's goiuge from hence is so ^^eiye iacertalne, as that I resolve not to stay for him. By Tiiursday next, i thinke, I shall sett forwarde ; I must be at Ilaugliton by tiie Rrst of March, or else I shall tall short of assizes'*', which, God wiilinge, I will not. I pray you gett horses frour Overthorpe, fo? you, your boy, and your maide, tliat I may carry you with me \^hea I ccnie : the white horse for you, Bobtaile for Tom, and another fc? Eesse Carre. I am in some haste at this tyme, and therefore must make an ende, in hope to dispatch all my businesse to-day and to-mor- rowe ; then I am for my journey, which I earnestly desire might present you with your affectionate husband, George Ratcliffe. Grayes Inne, Feb. 20th, 1626. y He now attended the Northern Circuit. 12/ 100. DEAREST LOVE, Octohev 20th, 1626. I AM "lad to hear of Lady Maro;aret's dav'' on Tuesday last, if it then held. God sende tlicm longe dayes, and much contentment one of anotlier ! It was very M'ell done of you to a;o with her, Avhere could I heartily have wished myselfe. The Judge is very well pleased, and right glad to heare the newes. I have herew**^ sente you a w ast- coat, which I could have wished had heen better tlien itt is ; but I desire vou to weare it continually for my sake, and when it is worne, I shall, God willinge, get you a better, if I canne : my La. Mutton's 40^. will almost pay for it. I am glad to heare that you are all well, especially my boy, whom God blesse. I feare he went not to Wentworthe Woodhouse with you. I pray vou send me my blacke cloath cloake, lined with bayes, and buttoned downe the side, and one towell, or too. I shall want a ruffe, shagged I would have it. Your aunt* talkes of cominge downe, and to allowe you for her boarde 20 shillinges a weeke, 10 apiece for her usher and gentleM'oman, and 8 shillings apiece for her other servants. z I do not know who the lady is whose marriage seems to be hero al- hided to. a Widow of Robert Sidney, first Earl of Leicester, and youniier brother of Sir Philip Sidney. He died July 13, 162G, and was buried at Penshurst, 128 But my Lord Evers'' (like a scarecrow) frights her, she dares not : it were no hard matter to persuade her either way, as I conceive. I can finde myself employment enough ahout her business ; and I wish it may not stay me, when the terme is done, longer than I would. Your lovinge husband, Georg£ Ratcliffe. Grayes Inne, October 20th, 1626. 102. DEARE LOVE, October 24th, 1616. I HAVE this day rec'' l)oth your l""^ by my cosin Greenwood, and in them much good newes of the health of you and the boy. I A^ill sende a pounde of amber, if I can gett it, to-morrow. I shall likewise provide a knit wastcote for my aunt Waterhous of worsted, such a one as I would allso pvide f^y yy^^^ jf J ^\[^[ jjQj- thinke that having one of worsteade, you would never weare that of silke. Your cosin Sir John*^ Smith is this day sett forwardes for Yorkeshire, to let his landes at Saltaugh. At his returne from thence he sayeth b William Lord Evei's. From this and some following passages Lady Leicester appears lo have been a weak, helpless woman. It does not ap- pear how Lord Evers had acquired this influence over her. <= Whom I suppose. to have been son of Sir Thomas Smith, the first hus- band of Lady Leicester. lie will come Lye Thornliill, and lodge with you, taking that in liis way to Tamworth to his wife's gTaiuhnotlier the olde Countcsse of Levcestcr'. I toulde him that his coni'iiii^e by you would he the death of a capon, and he deserves to be made welcome. Yom* aunt remembers vou often, and wishes herselfe w^^ vou, but that the worlde should not sav tiiat she goes for my Lord Evers. I am glad my cosin Greenwood is cum'e to advise me Mdiat to doe concerninge her. She comittes her estate into my handes, to dispose of her busines in law, which are diverse, to direct her expences, and take her ser- vants accounts (she wan'tcs a butler, by the way, that should sumtimes he her footman, and goe by her coach, and he must be enquired of in Yorkshire), to displace her servants, look to her rents, and bavlifs accounts, and the leasintie of her lande, to provide her money, which now she wantes, and to be bounde for her (which I have already promised to do for 100/. and shall like to be put to it for another). All these services require one's whole tvme, whereas I must be absent in the vacations, and busy in the termes. Howsoever, I am nei- ther experienced in, nor affectinge of, these employments for another, who never meddled much In the hke occasions of niyne owne. What then shall I doe ? to leave her were (at least in her opinion) most p'ludlclall, she havlnge comitted ti Qu. Was ibis ihc Lady Douglas Sheffield, proved to have been wife of the great Eavl of Leicester, and mother of his unfortunate son Sir Robert Dudley ? 130 herself wholly to me, and having none else that are aljle and trusty both, to doe her the service. And, on the other side, to doe as I doe now were in parte to discontinue my profession. Twice a day I am with her. Some journeyes I have to to^^ne for her business's, and when I alledge mvne owne, she is ready to weepe, and desires me not to forsake her. For this, if I shoulde gaine any parte of her estate, then shoidd I gett Avithall a greate deale of hart-burninge from those that are nearer then I am (methinkes I have a wolfe by eares, Avhich I cannot tell very well how either to hold or lett goe). Gladlye would I helpe to settle a course in her estate, and doe her any service which might suit with my course of life ; but I cannot be a steM'arde alltogether. I pray you, love, let me have your councill herein. I could hartily wish you were heare, if I knew either how to gett you upp, or to get away when you are here. Otherwise by conferringe with you, and by your meanes, I think I could gett out of this straight. I wish your company with all my heart, &c. &c. George Ratcliffe. Grayes Inne, October 24th, 1626. 102. GOOD LOVE, Novemher \st, 1626. I THANKE you hartily for your last discreete letter. There is a great difference betwene my Lady Leycester 131 jis she now Is, in her grief and monrninge, and what she may be hereafter, Allien tynies shall wcare away the tai'tnesse of sorrow, and she shall beglnge to resume her former thoughts and eontentmcnts. Tlien will the distance from her former ac- quaintances, the straightness of our little house, and the small use of her great honor and cou'teshlppe ", make her, perP% de- sire Londo' and her acquaintance there, as much as no we she seekes privacy. Besides, I doe verily believe that (if myne owne advantage were myne ende) I should by some distance better preserve my credit with her, than if I were so neare as always to live with her. But that which most moves me is, the contented estate and manner of life which we now enjoy, you and I, by the blcssinge of God, whilest we Hve as we doe, which we may alter more easily than vie can amende. I for my parte neither desire anything more nor othervidse than it is*. I p'suaded your aunt to live with her sonne, not as before, bearing half charges, but at a certainty and rate to be agreed on ; which she utterly dislikes. She could better suit herself to sojourne with the Lady Barbara', which, p'haps, will be accepted of. Your aunt and I had this evening some e Countess-ship. <■ A pleasing picluie of a well-regulated and contented mind. Mr. Rad- clifFe seems to have possessed one of Martial's ingredients into an happy life : " Vitam quiE faciunt beatiorem — Quod sis, esse velis, nihilque malis." g Probably Lady Barbara Sidney, her step-daughter, married either now or afterwards to Thomas Smith, Viscount Strangford in Ireland. 132 speeches about her house and expences : there she findes much fault with Mrs. Austen for her expensivenes and wante of care to looke to thhiges used In her house ; and it seemes Mrs. Austen is to blame : I thinke they will parte. Your aunt is wonderfuU desirous of your sister Mary to come and live m ith her : methinkes Mary should like the place well, for it may be her preferment ; and your father must part with her if Mary '' marry : and why not now uppo' such an occasion as this ? Write to your sister, and let me know what they thinke. I am about a coui'se to free your aunt out of debt presently, which she hearkens after. Her debts are 1800/. whereof this course will discharge 1600, and the other 200 is due to Henry Clialloner, who may well stay till Easter, and then the rents will pay it (of all this, if it should not be payed, as I hope it « ill.) I know not how to escape an absolute breach with my Lady, if I be not bounde for 240/. ; and It's well if I bring it so low. I shall have good security pawned me; and if I doe not become bounde for so much, I cannot tell what course she ean take, for her best friendes faile, and her bond will not go for 200. My Lady Fanshawe hath p'suaded her to sell her plate rather than she will lend her 140/. ; which she resolves to do : that will stop one gapp. Her East India adventure was thought to be worth 2000/. ; but my Lord could not sell It for above 900/. Now shippes are come in, and it will be sold '' Afterwards wife of Charles Towiieley, of Towneley in Lancashire, Esq. who was slain at Marston Moor in the service of Charles the First. 133 for 1200 ; a great losse. Sir Richard Smith hath it engaged to him for 1000/. which he sayth he must have paid in. If these thinges were done, then were we free; and itt shall be my la- bor to effect it. I hope I shall learne hereafter to know when I am well, and not, gaping after shadowes, to plunge myself into trouble. If I had my Lady out of debt, so as she should not be undone if I left her, I would free myself from all trou- ble, or never come att her. But I am in good hope that I shall shortly have all thinges right. Farewell, best wife. George Ratcliffe.^ Grayes Inne, November 1st, 1626. Shew this 1™ to nobody, nor any other concerninge my Lady J but burne them rather. 103. DEARE LOVE, November lOt/i, 1626. I THANKE you for your letter, apd am glad the wastcoat fitts. I have received also the cloak and 2 towells, which I needed not, because I had 2 before which I knew not of. I have sente you some dornix' for the 2 canopies, and some fringe for them. Jonas Ratcliffe gave me a silver pott with a hd, which I prize as a great juell ; and it is now sente i I do not know what this was, but probably a manufacture carried on at Dornock in Scotland. It is frequently mentioned in an inventory of the fm-niture at Skipton Castle, A. D. 1581, 134 you in the box. And there is also a silver boiJl, Avhich I bought for my mother. I have gott a ringe made for you, like yours which I weare : it is putt in the silver pott ; accept it fro' me as a token of my love, M'hich you have right well deserved. Your aunt's business will be now, I hope, no great trouble to me, for I resolve not to go out of my course, and not to be bound for her att all, except it be for the 100/. upon necessity, and only for 6 moneths. I should be glad to see her out of debt and suits ; and, if she will be advised by me, I hope to sett her free shortly. She is now desyrous to take your sister Joyce, because I tell her that, in my opinion, she is likest you of any of your sisters ; she had farr rather have her than my sister Maiy, who, p'haps, cannot be so very well spared at Harrogate. But she would have Joyce to be awhile with you before, both for a triall, and whether she wiU be fitt to look to her housekeeping or no, and for fashonninge her agahist her coming hither : I pray you write so much to my father. Sweete hearte, I thinke I shall want some more money, for I have laid downe this tearme more for other men than myself; playinge the solicitor and factor for them. I pray you, therefore, sende me more by Hall at his next commiiige. My boyes shoes are bespoken, but I know not whether they be ready now. My paper hath almost persuaded me to eiuleon the other side; but, not givinge me leave to sub- scribe my name, since I must turne over, I Avill entertalne myself a little longer with writing to you. Sir John Smith 135 M'as sworne a Privye Councellor on Weddensday last. New Lords are made : Lo. Denny'' E. of Norultli, V. Walling- ford Earle of Banburv', now longe since; and lately, Sir Ni- cholas Tufton, Lo. Tufton ; Sir Thos. Savage V. Savage ; Viscount Colchester Earle of Rivers; Sir Paulc Banninge"', Sir Baptist Hickes ", and a Westerne knight ', to be Barons. The Judges, they say, make difficulty to subscribe to the Roval Lbane ; though they have payed their money, yet they will not setto theire names. Sir Randall Care^^•'', the Chiefe Jus- tice, is this day discharged of his place. I pray you remember my duety to my mother. God blesse my sweet boy, and sende us merrye meeting. Farwell, dearest love, &c. George Ratcliffe. Grayes Inne, November 10, 1626. 104. SWEETEST LOVE, April I'J tJi, 1627- Your ant presseth me very much to sende for you ; and howsoever to stay heare this Whitsontide. On the k Edward Lord Denny, created Earl of Norwich October 24, 2 Car. 1 A title which yet hangs in doubt from a contested filiation, m Sir Paul Bayning, created Baron Bayning, of Horkesley, February 27, 3 Car. n Created Lord Hickes, of Ilmington, May 24, 4 Car. John Lord Mohun, of Okehampton, co. Devon? P Sic. Orig. for Crew. 136 one side, beside her iritreaty, a long journey, and a shortly stay at home, and the sparuige of my horses, entice me to keepe heare ; on the other, yom* company, and my boy's, and my friendes, though but a weeke, and the huildhig of my studdv, awd my unv^^ilhngenesse to begin a newe custom, are stronger motives to brlnge mc downe. It is in your power to determine the controversy, so as you doe what you doe freely, and not formally. My uncle, Henry Atkinson com'endes him to you, as doth Sir Robert Jossellne, and many moe. I could wish your company here with all my hart. Here is presslnge of iiouldiers here very much ; they say the Duke himself will goe to sea P. Tell my cosin Greenwood that Dr. Charles Twisden hath a wife of 53 yeares old now at child-birth. Remember my soone as you canne. I now wish with all my hearte I had you here ; for tho neither I nor any other refusers of the loane'' shall be imprisoned (save "those already committed), yett we shall be tyed to atende 3 dayes a weeke at the Councill Boarde, which will be nmch better in some respect. We shall be at our owne lodgings and dyet, and be at llbertye the other 4 dayes, I believe Sir Thos. Wentworth will come uppe shortly, p'haps my Lady with him (but that's more than I know) : if she doe, I would Tiave you to come with her, and your sonne too, if you thinke so fitt ; but his comminge or stay I refer wholly to you. My duty and love, &c. &c. George Ratcliffe. London, April 2/th, 1627. q It was at this time that he seems to have been first entrusted with Sir Thomas Wentworth's affairs. r As a political man Radcliffe, like his master Wentworth, first appears in the light of a Patriot. He resisted the forced loan of 1627, and was imprisoned for his integrity in the Marshalsea — a circumstance which throws great lustre on his sufferings in later life for the Crown. 138 -\ 106. SWEETE HEARTE, St. Geo7^ges Day, I627. I PRAY you sende me my testament and prayer- book, it is a thin booke as broad as your bible, and I usually carry it abroad with me. I shall scarce come downe this vaca- tion, for we shall be all appointed (in llkelyhood) to attende the Councill Boarde when they sitt, which bringes a restraint, yett is one of the easieste kinde ; for, savinge that we wait there 2 or 3 afternones a week, otherwise we are at our owne dispo- sition ; and they say there are 200 more in the same case. All are A\ell here, God be thanked. God sende you your health, and that we may have mery meetinge, and soone. For my parte, though I Mill not \A'iIlinglye give waye to what I disapprove of in my judgment, yet, \vhen my opposition ap- peares that it can doe noe good, I resolve not to stande out longer than is fitt, nor therebye hazard myne owne undoeing. My answere, therefore, whensoever I am called, shall not be so peremptory, but that I shall leave way to myselfe to come of when I see cause for. The meane tyme let nothinge trouble you, for I cannot be better pleased for my OMTie part with any other condition than this I am in. God blesse my boy ! To heare that you are in health and mirth, is the wel- comest newes that can be tould to St. George's Day, 1627- George Radcliffe. 1S9 lo;. SWEET HE ARTE, ^jlVll 30th, \62J. I COULD have wished to have had the opportu- nity of writinge to you before this, that you might have un- derstood immediately from myself how the world goes here with us, but I had none to send by but my Lord Clare's man, who was in such haste as I had scarce tyme to write fully unto Sir Thomas Wentworth ; and therefore was enforced to entreat Sir Tlio. to send you word by Charles Greenwood. Accordinge to my expectation I am now committed to prison, which the lesse troubles me, because it was expected ; and, in trueth, al- though restraint of libertye be a thing which naturally all avoid, yet in this restraint, I thank God, I enjoy as much contentment as ever I did in my life, never more comforth of my friends, nay, never so much as at this time, never more joy than at this tyme ' : my health is as well as ever. And here we have exceeding good company, pleasant and sweet walkes, and every kind usage, bevond expectation in a prison ^ There is nothinge a wanting but your company, which I should take a course for shortly, but that I persuade myself we shall not » Surely never was so pleasant a picture of a prison. The tranquillity and cheerfulness of the writer's mind, under a restraint which he knew to be illegal, are admirable. 140 be liere longe, and therefore I shall spare your trouble in comminge uppe, and hope myself to come to you. My chief desire is, that you and my mother may be truely informed how I am, hoAV well I am, and then I hope the newes of my restraint will not trouble you more than the restraint itself doth me, wherein there is no other cause of grief, but only the feare of your grief, through misapprehension of my condi- tion. I did and do much please myself to think with what mode- ration and discretion you diswaded me fro' refusing to lend, with what modesty and respect you did desist after you once p'ceived my resolution. Assure yourselfe, that howsoever my indiscre- tion makes me subject to error, yett in the maine, by God's assistance, I shall doe nothinge that shall be either grosseley offensive or prejvidlciall ; and I knowe you are persuaded that this sufferinge (if it deserve the name of sufferinge) will in the ende turne to my good. Remember my duety to my mother, and desire her blessinge for me ; and I pray you p'swade her not to be discomfitted by the report of my imprisonment, but rather to expect shortly to hear of my enlargement, which I hope will be bothe decent and speedy ; for I had rather stay longer, than come oif with dishonour ; but, in probability, T shall be put to neither. God bless my sweet boy I Present my service to the Lady and Sir Will"' Savile, and commende me to all my friends. Farewell, dearest love, and lett me o.lil. / 5W ^r^Mer Jl'Li^/lhij^/^'t^i^^Jf^ Uf o^OiaCyj ^Jmim^M bm^ onisrc mm n. tiiji 0t fmdji^^^ •"^niifffUifT.M.il-Mur^arTtJcrfi^'r'ifuii Slf' 141 heare of your healthe and comforth, than which no message cau come more welcome to your affectionate hushonde GliOKGE RaDCLIFFE. Marchelsea, April 30th, 1627. Lett my studdy be flagged with stone. To his deare and lovinge wife, Mrs. Anne Raddiffe, at Over- thorpe in Thornhill, these he delivered. 108. GOOD COSINE, May \st, 162f. I chaunced to open this letter by a mistake, oc- casioned thorow that Avhich was writt, as you may see, on the outside ; and finding it contained noe matter of hast, I have kept it by me all this while, till with my owne pen I might excuse itt. Since, you have heard of vour husband's commitment ; upon which occasion, if I were not confident of your discretion to discerne between true and seeming dangers, I might spend some tyme in going about to comfortt you ; but I will not MTong you so much as once to mention him att this time, more than in this sort, that I shall onely joyne with you to pray to God to sende him his health, and well at Over- thorpe againe, which I trust will be in a few moneths at the farthest. In the meane time is sum occasion to exercise your 142 patience. I confesse that I beseeche God you may never have greater cause, and then I shall not pitty you much. God's blessing and mine to your boy. I rest your ever most af- fectionate and assured cosln and friende, Th. Went worth". Gawthorp, 1st May, 1627. 2o my very kinde and much respected cosin, Mrs. Ann Radcliffe. 109. SWEET LOVE, May 5tk, 162/. I may not let slip this opportune to salute you, and let you know how I am : I thank G. I was never better in my life. It is generally reported that we shall be sett at li- bertye uppo' the Duke's goinge to sea, which is appointed to be on Thursday the 1 7th of this moneth ; but the more likely newes is, that we shall be confined in the countrye; but where, God knowes : I hope for myself either Gloucestershire or Kent, neither of which can come amisse to me. Therefore let me intreat you that you prepare yourself to come to me " Sif Thomas Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Strafford, and George Radcliffe, Esq. afterwards Sir George, were sent for by messengers, and removed out of the county of York into the county of Kent, and there secured by confinement. Rushworth, vol. I. p 42 S. Many of those gen- tlemen committed to several prisons — some to the Marshalsea, &c. ib. ib. 143 when I shall sende for you, and to bringe my boy with you if you canne. Thinke in tlie means tyme how you may most conveniently dispose of your sei'vants, so you may have those with you \A'hich are necessary and useful, and the rest that you may take againe at your retourne. My duety to my mo- ther, service to my Lady Savile, with the rest there. My love to all my good friendes besides. God blesse the lad, and sende us meri-ye meetinge, which I hope will be ere longe, either I cominge to you, or you to me, &c. &c. Your very lovinge husband, George Radcliffe^ Marshalseas, May 5th, 162/. 110: DEAKE LOVE, May 'J thy 162f. It is true your aunt was very earnest to have you to come uppe to London, and had provided lodgings for you and for Tom. And in respect of what I imagined might be and nowe is come to passe (I meane my imprisonment), I did as much desire it myself ; but Avhen I writ the V^ you mention in your last it was not unprobable that I should have come downe this Wliitsontyde ; for had not this prosecution of the 144 Loane bene sharpened by oar great counti-yman'', I thinke a calmer course had beene taken tlian now Is, and then I had escaped as well as sundry more of my ranke have done. But vour aunt hath a great deale of busuiesse in Kent, which she Mould have me to oversee, and it will require a weekes worke to doe ; so as had I been at libertye I must have gone thither either nowe or after the next tearme, which I would have done according as you had thouglit fitt and desired. Now, as thinges are fallen out, it is out of my choice, for here must I stay for awhile, and, I thanke God, I stay with as much wil- lingness and pleasure as if it were at Overthorpe ; I never suffered anythinge with more inward satisfaction in my life. The Clerkes of Councill have order to name fitt places in se- veral countryes for our confinement ; but nothinge is yett done that I can learne. Your aunt makes all the meanes she can that I may be appointed to Sutton ; what the event will be God knowes ; I shall from tyme to tyme send to you. But yett it is reported that when the last payment is come in, which M'ill be this weeke, and that the Duke is ready for his journey, Ave shall then be at liberty. As God shall dispose, all will be righu I am not very confident of any of this, yett x I suspect the person here meant to be John Lord Savile, the heredi- tary enemy of the Wentvvorths, whom Strafford in one of his Letters con- temptuously styles " Old Howley." lie was appointed Comptroller of the Household about this time, died in 1630, and was interretl at Batley. 145 in probability we shall not stay here longe. Farwell, deare heart. Your assured loving husband, Geokgjj Radcliffe. Marshalseas, May /tli, 1627. 111. \ - . . , . . SWEET HEART, Mai/ 8th, 162J . I pray you sende me the new suit of clothes, doublet, coate, and breeches, which you gave me, and my stuffe cloake of Philip and " ; and lett Williamson sende me a paire of blacke bootes. Dispose of your family as well as you canne against the tyme I shall sende for you, which I be- lieve wilbe shortlye ; and livinge here I would not willinglye kepe a house in the country. But how Avill my be looked unto? Your stay here will be likely to be 7 or 8 moneths, and then I hope to eat a X'tmas pye at Overthorpe ; therefore dispose of your thinges that you be not unprovided when you come downe. If there be a Parliament before, we may be re- leased sooner ; but that is uncertayne, though it begin to be talked of. I have borrowed 20/. of Sir Thos. Wentworth's money, which will furnish me with all thinges needful, and u 146 to spare, \intlll I be at libertye. Fanvel, clearest love. Blesse the boy. Your affectionate husbande, George Radcliffe. May 8, 162/, Marshalseas. 112. SWEET HEART, May 9th, 1627- My eontinuall ^vritinges give me an opportunity of messengers to sende to you; and my being freed of wanderinge abroad affords me more leysure to write ; and the writinge to you of all employments pleaseth me the best. I am in great question in myself whether I should intre.at you to come to me or not now. I do infinitely desire your company, and to have my boy too; but, if I should be shortly discliarged, I shall putt you to a great trouble in com'ing up, leaving your house at home, and returninge back ; and the newes now is, that we shall shortlye be discharged, which for my part I cannot be- lieve. But what to do with the boy troubles me : use your own discretion. I shall be much Joyed to see you. I am loath to take the lad from my mother, and I am loath you should be without him. My mother's grief at my imprison- ment most troubles me of any thinge ; I know it will give her more uppo' this occasion to part with ii:y boy. God for- 147 bid that I should bringe her age with sorrow to the grave. I referre all to yourself, beseechinge God to blesse and direct us all. Farwell, deare hart. Your lo^^n,'re husband, George Radcliffe. Marshalseas, May 9tb, 162/. 113. SWEET HEART, May Wtll^ 1627. I PRAY you sende this speedily to my cousin Wandesforde. We heare dayly variety of newes, and scarce any true. The resolution of our confinement held stronge for awhile, but now there is no talk of it. The last intelligence we had was of liberty, which we should shortly have, with a proclamation against us. Here are very pretty sweet houses towardes the side of tlie fielde where we walk ; I will see if I can take one of them : 5/. rent. Mr. Elmes, a fellow p'soner, a man of 5000 a year, and a great housekeeper in the country, lives here, his wife, 2 maids, and too men, for lease than 20 shillinges a week, for meate, drinke, bread, and fire. I like his course so well, that it were worth thinkino- of even if I were out of prison. But if I could gett you convenientlv lodged here, I should be at lesse chai'ges to keepe you, my- self, and 4 people, than now I pay for the dyet of myself and 148 my man. Remember my duety to my mother, and desire her blessinge. God blesse my sweete boy. Farw^ell, deare Nan. Your aft'ectionate husband, > May 11th, I627. George Radcliffe. 114. SWEET HEART, ' May 191 h, I627. I THANK you for your letter, and for the free delivery of your opinion therein. I shall assume to myself the like libertye in signifyinge hereby unto you Avhat I thinke of the matter you write of. It is very true my resolution al- wayes was rather to yeild by compulsion, than to stand out to the prejudice of my estate or course in profession. I alwayes tould you so, neither is my minde altered from it, if nothinge else had come betweene ; but now, when it shall be thought that I shall p'dice the public cause, beginning to conforme, which none yet hath done (of all that have been committed), except two poor men (a butcher and another), and they hooted at like owles amongste their neighbours. This, me- tliinkes, deserves some consideration. Besides, I cannot be altogether of your minde, that my continuing in a course of standing out must needs rulne my estate, in respect of the y The place from which this letter was written is not mentioned ; it seem^, however, to have been a coimtiy village, and, even in those days of plenty, remarkable ftr itt, cheapness'. 149 expences I shal be, and am here enforced upon; for 100/.^ avIU plentifully keepe me here a yeare, if this storme should last so long, which, admitted I should borrow and sell land to repay it, would be no very great lessening of my estates and yearly revenue, but farr fro' the utter ruine of my estate ; nay, per- haps it may so fall out (which yett I am luiwillinge to speak of), but it may so fall out, as that this p'sent losse and hindrance may turne in the way of profit to be some advantage* . unto me, which, duely considered, may not be improbable, to those tliat have observed the experience in like cases in former tymes. For displeasure of some great men I shall be loath to deserve it myself; but if I cannot avoid it, I hope I shall learne to feare God, and not man — to trust in God, and not in men. For dissolving of my family 1 shall wholly trust it to your disci'etion ; doe as you shall see cause : but I do very much desire your company here. I never knew you de- sii-e anything so earnestly of me as you doe now that I would use meanes to come out ; you presse your owne and Tom's in- terest both, whiche I do professe they doe and shal move me much (howsoever you make the ground to be the feare of my un- doing, ^\ hereas, 1 conceive, you have rather cause to think the direct contrary) for your owne interest. I can say this, you never pleased me better in your life than in the encouragement you ^ It is difficult to conceive how he should spend so much. See tlie former letter. " A mode of reasoning well understood by opposition lawyers at present. 150 gave me by your last le're. And tbi' Thorn, God bless him, and send lilm his grace : I had rather leave him a small estate, than more, with an hereditary stain or disgrace. God hath blessed us at Overthoi-pe with many comforths ; and I hope in his mercy he will continue them. But they would scarce be comfortable if they should be hurt either with an unquiet minde, or with public infamy and shame, which every honest man will and must respect, and take care to avoid ; yea, and every wise man too, that hath such a profession as I have ''. For my conformynge before the next terme, I resolve, by God's grace, absolutely that I will not ; nor, as thus advised, till the terme be done : after that I will do whatsoever I may to give you satisfaction, provided it may be done decently, and so as that I neither wrong myself in my good name, nor, having offended one sort by refusing, I lose not the other also by con - forming. For our confining, it is at an ende, as I thinke it was much debated yesterday at the Council Board ; and there, as I heare, resolved not to be. I heare, this day (May 20) since I writte this le're, of comminge to our own houses, and being confined there : we shall know more after Wednesday next. I desired, and still do desire much, to heare that my mother takes my imprisonment chearfully ; I thanke God it is no trouble to me, I v/ish it may be none to my friends. Neither b Wise and noble sentiments, such as were sure to lead to honour, and to preserve it un.sta'.ed! I do not know whether the Gentleman or the Christian is more conspicuous in this passage. 151 is it hitherto chargeahle ; for though I am (In respect of my practice) removetl out of the 'nny, yett hoth my acquaintance and strangers come to me freely, so as I have since I came hither gotten as much as I spent in this house. Remember my cluety to my mother, and desire her to give me her blessinge. God blesse my hoy ! Coniforth yourseh", sweet heart ; and assure yourself, that I shall neither forget you nor him, or my estate, or my profession, or my friends about home ; but that I will satisfy your request in due tyme, so farre as discretion and due respect of all circumstances and consequences shall afford convenient opportmiity. Farewell, deare love ; and when you can, with convenience, I wish I may see you. Your aflfectionate husband, George Radcliffe. Marshalsea, Maii 19, 1627. Your aunt will provide for your entertainment with her. To my right deare and lovinge wife, Mrs. Anne Radcliffe, at Overt horpe, in Thornhill, these he delivered. 115. ' DEARE LOVE, May 24th, 1627- I HAVE written unto you so fully before, diat 1 shall have the lesse to add now; onely concerninge your comminge iippe, and the disposing your houshuld, it is fitt 1 should lett 152 you know my opinion, although I may not trust a lettei* so farre as to write my mynde so plainly as I could tell it you. I take it as a ground that there will he a parliament in Mi- chaelmas next, whereupon it will follow then we shall be de- livered all of us by AUhallowtydc. If I should continue in prison so longe, it will cost me, beside the 20/. which I have borrowed of Sir Thos. Wentworth, 30/. more ; and so much will defray all expences, accordinge to the p'portion I now live in. If we be delivered before, either uppo' the Duke's goinge, which I doubt, or, which is more probable, when the last dayes of payment of this Loane ai-e past, or uppo' the Duke's returne, if his expedition prove successfull, or uppo' the summons for a parliament : in all these cases there will be so much saved, as the tyme of our restraint will be shorter. But on the other side, if I conforme, it will be neare Midsomer before there be a fitt tyme for it ; and, after that, your aunt's'' occasions, which I may not omitte (in re- spect of her great care and kindness to me since my impri- sonment), will require my stay in"* Kent about a week ; soe the soonest tyme I can come downe will be in the beginninge of July ; all v. liich considered, I doe thinke fitt that you doe not dissolve your houshoulde. But I next desire, that, if you can with any conveniency, you can dispose of your family that I may see you here. You might live with your aunt, and •= Tlie Countess of Leicester. ^ I suppose at Penshurst. 153 come liere by water when you will ; for mv boy, doe as you think fitt, bringe him or leave him. Since I writte, a friend of myne, the Kinge's servant, that never failed me, hath sente me vvorde he can gett me leave to go to Sutton for a moneth or 6 weeks, and bids me doubt it not ; Avhich is a thinge I will accept and labour for. I desire to knowe that my kilne goes forward, and my study : how my piggeons doe. I have sent the boy 2 toppes and a scoarge sticke, hopinge he can say his letters by this tyme. Sweet heart, there is nothinge (^but the apprehension of your discontent, and feare of my mother's grief) that is in my way to hinder me of the best arid most contented days, in this condition 1 nowe am in, that ever 1 enjoyed ; and were it not that Almightye God sendes some thinges to poyse and ballast our myndes in our joyes, I should be over- prided in my estate. Others may thinke and censure what they please, I have done hitherto what I thought fitt to be done ; and I never beguime nor continued any action in mv life with more courage or constancve. I know it is farr fi-om your intentions to do any thinge that shall either lessen or in- terrupt my contentment ; and I assure myself that your vertue is such, that after some tyme you will be able to recollect yoar spirits, to comforth yourself in God, and to take that with patience, at least, which I entertaine with gratulation and thankefullnesse. Present my duety and service where they X 154 are oweing. Desire my mother's blessinge for me. God blesse my boy ! Farewell, deare love. George Ratcliffe. Marshalsea, May 24th, 1627. 116. SWEET HEART, Junii 8th, I627. I ABi arrear unto you for many letteres (5 at fewest), which I have received since I writ unto you; and havinge longe wanted the conveniency of a messenger, I now have one offered me on a suddain, and at this tyme, when I have scarce leysure to write. It is the latter ende of the tei'me, and I am now full of company and business. I hope to see you the next moneth at Overthorpe ; if I stay longer it shall be upon very good groundes, so farre as my judgement shall leade me. In the meane tyme I could have wished you here, both for your company and for my Lady Leycester's satisfaction. This weeke I have beene aguish 3 dayes, which I hope now is past, for to-day I find myselfe well, I thank God ; and hitherto I have had my health very well here, ex-, cept sometymes litle fitts of head-ach. I am persuaded that our busines drawes towards a conclusion ; but what the ende will be, or how soone, is yett to us ixncertaine. Remember my 155 duety to my mother. I shall uTite more fiilly by the next at better leysure. God blesse my boy ! Farewell, sweet heart. Your affectionate husband, George Ratcliffe. Marshallseas, Junii 8th, 1627. iir. SWEET HEART, June \4ith, 1627^. I HAVE here 7 of your letteres, whereof I have as yett answered none all this terme. I have met with many commers hither, but \vith none that went back. My brother Hodgson is the first, and he is now in hast too ; yet I shall desire his patience a litle, till I have written some answere to all your letteres. I heare of your health by my cosin John Savile, and of my mother's, which I am very glad of, and pray God to continue it to you all. For my beinge sent away, I cannot tell what to thinke of it ; itt hath bene off and on many tymes ; now it is as hott as ever it was. If I goe to your aunt's, I shall save charges, and finde meanes to write to you by every carrier; but that seemes to bee altered, and that wee shall onely goe here hard by in Surrey, where yett wee shall live better cheape than here. But for my part I like not confine- ment, because that commonly is for a longe tyme, and then it will be a great hindrance to my affaires, which makes me thinke of some other course to free myselfe, if I canne, 156 whereof you shall heare more the next weeke, if all thinges light right. It is best for my profitt, doubtlesse, that you stay at home till my buildinges be dispatcht ; though otherwise I could heartily have wished for your company here. My Mother (as I perceive) will be very loath to part Math Tom, and you unwillinge to leave him. I am wonderful loath to take him from my mother, least that might bringe too great a grief uppon her now in her age. On the other side both you will be continually thinkinge of him when you are here, and he will be spoiled unlesse somebody looke to him that can maister him. The journey thus farre will be very longe for him. I must confesse I knowe not what to doe : my Mother's affection toward him moves me most ; but doe what you think fittest. I hope that you doe not thinke that you neede excuse the length of your letters, for then must I write shorter : but lett them be longe enough, whatsoever you write of, to fille upp withal. I gott my charges this terme, I thanke God ; so as yett I have money enough. If you A^ould have any thinge bought for you, it shall be done. I cannot blame your desire to have me at liberty, nor your eare of my estate. I shall, God willinge, take such course as shall be fittinge, after I shall better understand how the world is like to goe, and have taken the advice of my best friends. The next week, in all probability, I shall resolve on somethinge ; and it is in the meane tyme a very great contentment to me to see you pre- pared and willinge to apply yourselfe to such courses as shall 157 be fittest for me to take. On Saturday next I looke for Sir Thomas'"; by his and my cosin Wandesford's meanes I shall understand whether there will be like to be an end of this bu- slnes shortly ; if yea, then I will waite awhile ; but, if the Kinge be resolved to goe on and see the uttermost, then I stricke sail, and submitte. It will be best for you to come with my Lady, iff you be putt to it by my stay here : I heare she comes In July, if Sir Thomas be not discharged before. I am very glad to heare that my studdy is finished ; you doe soe commend the roome that I now beginne to desire to see it. I shall send Thom a couple of new scourge stickes : I am very glad to heare that he is so full of mettle and stirnnge ; God in heaven blesse him, and make him his servant ! Sweet heart, I doubt not but all thinges will be well ; and howsoever it pleases God to mixe our comforts wirh some crosses for our humiliation, yet, doubtlesse, the issue will be for our greater benefitt : these thinges will not last longe. My cosin Wan- desford hath taken a lodginge here hard by me, so I ha\'e his company almost continually, when others doe not interrupt us. But my brother^ must be gone, and thinkes I stay him too longe ; therefore I must make an ende, though I could willingely spend whole dayes in Avritinge to you. The next e- i. e. Wentworth.. f Mr. Hodgson, of Beeston, near Leeds, who is mentioned in the be- ginning of the letter. 158 weeke I hope to give you a full resolution. Remember me to all iBy good friends. Farewell, deare heart. Your assured lovinge husband, George Ratcliffe. Marshallsea, June 14th, 1627- 118. GOOD MOTHER, July 6th, 162/. It is very great contentment to me to understande that you are so well satisfied in my restraint ; your griefe would have been farre more troublesome unto me than any inconvenience I have yett founde in imprisonment. For my part, I doe not apprehend any thinge either in what I suffer, or the cause for which I suffer, that ought justly to afflict either me or my friends ; and my hope is, that these thinges will come to a conclusion in such convenient time, as that I shall have the meanes to see you ere long. I desire to be remembered to my brothers and sisters, and all theirs. Thus with my humble duety unto yourself, desiiinge your blessinge, I take my leave. Your lovinge and obedient sonne, George Radclifpe. Marshalseas, July 6th, 1627. 159 119. SWEET HEART, May 18M, 1628. I WRITT to you by Mr. Austin, but he was so hasty as he went away hence ere I could gett my letter to him. My purpose was to have been at Sutton on Weddensday night ; but our great businesse came to an issue and great de- bate on Tliursday, and we were all then to attende. This day I cannot well come, and p'haps, as you now are, it will not be so convenient ; but the next week (as I feare I can scarce come to you) if you will come hither for a night or 2, I shall have a chamber ready at an hour's warninge. Come when you will, the sooner the better. My Lady Arbella= hath been very ill this weeke. We are now agreeinge or breakingc with the Lords'' about our petition, and shall see this day what we e Ai-abella, daughter of John Earl of Clare, and second wife of Sir Thomas Wentworth. h Radcliffe and his friend Wandesford were both brought into this Par- liament, probably by Weiitworth's interest, but for wliat counties or bo- roughs I do not know. Rushworth, vol. I. from p. 500 to 606, has pre- served several speeches of Wentworth, and two or three of Wandesford, but none of Radcliffe. The following passage, in a speech of Wandesfoi-d, within a few days of this time, will explain the expression of agreeing or breaking with the Lords : " Two ways are propounded, to go to the Lords, or to the King : I think it is fit we do go to the King." lb. p. 607. 160 may hope for from them ; and then to the Kinge shall we ad- dress ourselves, and hope for a gratious answere. I satisfied vour brother's letter abovit a week shice. My sei-vlce to my Lady and your gentlewomen. God blesse my boy ! Farwell, good Nan. Yoxxr truely loveuige husband, George Radcliffe. Grayes Inne, May 18th, 1628. n^o §'c. Sfc. at Sutton, at Stone, give. 120. SWEET HEART, May 24:th, 1628. MissiNGE Alexander Hodden, I was forced to sende Pudsey, because my Lord of Leycester presseth much to have the conveyance of my Lady's joynture pleaded, which otherwise his servants say will be a great p'judice to the te- nants of Itchington ; therefore I pray you let me know my Lady's pleasure therein. The Parliament was almost hopeless for any good succes last week ; but now it begins to piece againe, and I p'suade myself we shall have a good conclusion. Here is some ill newes of my Lo. of Denbigh's voyage to Ro- chel, but we know not the particulars of it. I desire to know wliether my Lady will come to London this tearme or noe. If we hitt well to-morrow, we shallbe like to sitt yet a good while, as I conjecture. Present my service to my Lady and 161 her gentlewomen. God blesse the boy ! Lady Arabela is not \\'ell ; she beginnes this ^^'eeke to take physicke. Your affectionate husband, Gj^.orge Ratcliffe. Graye's Inne, May 24th, 1628. 121. SWEET HEARTE, May 2oth, 1628. I THANKE you fot your letter, and should have bene glad to see you at Baynard's Castle. Since I was of the Parliament I have not bene absente fro' Westminster fore- noone nor afternoone', but this afternoone; so as I have had no leysure at all to doe any thinge. I have sent my younge maister a toppe, which he writt forj his velvet booke is not yet ready. Here is inclosed a le're and 10 shillinges fro' my Lady Middleton, with remembrance of her love. We looke dayly now when the Parliament will ende, either to make a session and adjourne till Michaelmas, or, which is more to be feared, to breake and doe nothinge. God kepe and direct us ! for if we breake we must expect dangerous tymes*". • It was a busy and angry session ; the ill humour of which was <;reatly sharpened by the illegal commitments on account of the forced loan. ^ This expression shews that wise men even then autiiip;ucd the troubles which were to follow. Happy would it have been for the nation and themselves, had Charles and his Ministers been endued with the same foresight ! y Sir Francis Barnhain sayeth, that my Lady, In beinge absent fro' London, will discontinue her clalme to her lodgings ; whereupon I asked Sir Thomas Morgan, if any body had moved for them ; and he sayeth that none hath moved, nor shall have them. I know not how sone I shall come to Sut- ton, but I beheve it will be Whitsontide. All here are well ; and yett we should be much better, if we had but some good hopes of a happy conclusion of this Parliament. Remember my service to all with you. God blesse my boy ! Farwell, &c. &c. George Ratci^iffe. Grayes Inne, May 25th, 1628. 122. DEAREST LOVE, Oct. 18th, 1628. This night I waited on my Lord W.' hither, where we finde all well, except my cosin Katherlne, who is not yet perfectely recouered out of the squinancy, though past all danger. She had a fever with it, which is gone away. Her speech is low and troublesome to her, and they feare that she will scarce recover her voyce ; but I hope well, because, as I tell them, it is seldome seene that any woman wants her tonge. You had writ to my sister Joyce, that you hoped to see I Sir Thomas Wentworth, now become a convert to the Court Interest, was created Baron Wentworth July 22d, in this year. 163 my Lady in Yorkshire, and coulde not well tell how to be with- out her, or to that purpose ; the lettere was shewed my Lady, which she tooke extraordinarily kindly, callinge several! tymes for your lettere to be read to her. Her expences here since my goinge away, especially duringe my cosine Kate's sicknes, are not to be endured ; and yett I know not how she may be fumisht for a longe journey. The benefice which you wott on is promised againe by y" Patron ; there only rests how to give the present Vicar satisfaction to procure him to resigne : the Gierke shall have his place upon very easy termes. Sweet heart, I longe now to heare from you, that you have your health, that my boy is well, if he have any more biles. On Munday morning I am for London, where I shall thinke the time longe till the terme ende, when I shall come downe in my Lord's company, for so he sayeth, and meet you and my boy at Woodhous, if my Lady be retturne^d frem Haughton. All your friends salute you, especially Your truely lovinge husband, George Radcliffe. Sutton, 8bris 18, 1628. 125. SWEET HEART, JVov. f, 1628. I AM well, I thank God, and desire to heare of you the like. Methinkes it is longe since I received a le're 164 from you. Your man Michael is here in London, newlv ret- turned fro' Denmarke, where he hath bene a souldier; and now he desires to serve you againe. If you will have me take him againe, I will ; send me word therefore what I shall doe in it. Here are many rumors, but no certaine newes, from Rochell. The Kinges of France and Spaine are fallen out, they have made stay of shippes, and called home embassadors on both sides : I believe we shall have peace with Spaine, Our busines hath heates and colds ; yett now I hope six or seven dayes will determine it one way or other. I am put in hope of some good reward for my service at Doncaster ; which if it come, I shall give it entertainement and welcome. God blesse my sweete boy ! Deare love, farewell. Your truely lovinge husband, George Ratcliffe. Grayes Inne, 9bris 7, 1628. 124. SWEET HEART, NoV. 11th, 1628. This day I have received two le'res from you : tliere came with them a le're from my cosin George Carre, which I feared had miscarried ; I am glad it did not. Your le'res are alwayes welcome ; these especially, because they are not short, and because I have longe looked to heare from you. 1 am heartily sorry for your paines in your head and backe ; 165 , and I could wish you here, both for mhie owne sake and for yours; hopinge you might finde ease by my company, or by physicke. Almighty God send you health, which, I thanke God, I doe perfectly enjoy. I am glad to heare of my sister Marye's"' good happe, as I hope it is. God send her of my cosin a better husband than you have, which yctt I am sure she cannot better deserve than you have done : much comfort may they both longe enjoy. If my cosin prove well, she may partly thanke you, whose carriage, when I %\'as in prison, 11 Marj-, daughter of Sir Francis Trappes, married Charles Tovvneley, of Towneky in Lancashire, Esq. who was killed at the battle of Marstoii Moor. During the engagement she was with her father at Knaresborough,. where she heard of her husband's fate ; and came upon the field the ne.xt morning in order to search for his body, while the attendants of the camp w^ere stripping and burying the dead. Here she was accosted by a General Officer, to whom she told her melancholy story. He heard her with great tenderness ; but earnestly desired her to leave a place, where, besides the distress of witnessing such a scene, she might probably be insulted. She complied ; and he called a trooper, who took her en croup. On her way to Knaresborough she enquired of the man the name of the Officer to whose civility she had been indebted, and learned tliat it was Lieutenant-General Cromwell. She survived a widow till 1690, died at Towneley, and was interred in the family chapel at Burnley, aged 91. — This anecdote was told me by the present representative of the family, aged 78, to whom it was related by his ancestress, Ursula Towneley, a Fermor of Tusmore, and aunt to Pope's Belinda, who had it from the lady herself. 166 pleased the old man, his father", so well, as I am persuaded made him ever since desirous to match in your kindred. I am glad the boy keepes his health. God blesse him, and make him his servant ! I will forthwith give order for his coach and his wax, for I may not loose his le'res for so small a matter. I marvaile at the chimney that it proves no better ; I must teach my customer to make it voyd smoake, or else I will shew him a tricke of mine occupation. Is Harry Allen a man of y*" sword, or rather of the listes ? I had thought they would not have bene so familiar. I have your note for Heart, and I will examine the busines myselfe once over ; I should thinke that he will not denye it to me, as he hath done to a better man than I am, but as tymes shall trye. There is one busines entertaines the most of my tyme all this terme, I mind little else : the last weeke I thought it little better than des- perate ; now I thinke it wdll be perfected very shortly, for I can scarce see where it can sticke ; yett such is the course of thinges since I knew any thinge, as methinkes I should suffer my judgement to be transported with too much confidence, if I doe not still look for some rubs and pauses before all be as I " Richard Towneley, of Towneley, Esq. who died in London this year, and was buried in St. Clement's Church in the Strand. He married Jane Assheton, of Lever, whose mother was widow of Edward RadcUfFe, of Tod- morden, Esq. It was through this match that the writer became related to the Towneleys. 167 could wish it. Some of our sluppes are come from Rochell, others not heard of. The towne is taken by tlie Kinge of France ; and for theire Hbertyes and estates, they must pay 400,000 crowns, build a citadell, maintaine a guarison in the towne, and exersise theire religion without the towne : termes of extremity to the poore men ! Sweet heart, I am loth to leave off writinge to you, though I know not whether I can send this le're, yett it sliall l)e ready, expectiiige a messenger. If any thinge else happen I shall adde that, hopinge that my le'res to you are as yours to me ; that is, the longer the better. For this tyme, good night, sweet love. Your truely lovinge husband, Nov. 11, 1628. George Radclifi-je. 123. UNCLE, October 2Qth, 1628. The Recordership of Doncaster is newly fallen void by the death of Sir John Jackson ; it is a place worth the havinge, if it might be procured \^athout too much troubhng of my friendes. I know not how your acquaintance lies there j but I desire, if you have the meanes with any conveniency, to labor with your friends to put of the election untill the ende of the terme. I persuade myself I could procure letters fro' my Lord Darcy and Justice Hutton, if he have not written for some other ; if he have, to take him off, and make him indifferent. Yourselfe is able to worke my I^o. Aire and Sir 168 Robert Swift; and if Sir Thos. Wentworth, or any other gentleman nere thereabout, may stand in stead, I shall see what will be done. There is another Recordership likewise void uppo' the same occasion, which is Pontefract, wherein your friendes may stande me in sted ; I would neglect neither, hoping that if the one slip, the other may hold ; but Doncas- ter is better. I doe in both commende myselfe to your care and paines, in both which I doubt not to faile ; onely be pleased to sende speedily about it. Your nephew to commaunde, George Radcliffe. Grayeslnne, October 28th, 1628. To my lovinge uncle, Mr. Henry Leadhetter, at T/iriburgh, these be delivered. 126. deare nan, November 12th, 1628. I am very glad that you went to Haughton, but sory that you had so ill way, and I believe your journey back- wards was no better ; and if youre paines in your head and backe were added to that, then had you an ill journey indeed. God send you your healthe, which I should be glad to heare of, but more glad to see. I had almost missed the opportu- nity of this messenger, my cosin Rookebey, for he sayd he would goe yesterday, and then I coulde not write, being busy about a patent or 2 to be made ready for the Kinge to signe 169 for a friend of myne, which I have not yet dispatchctl, nor shall have this 4 days. 1 have no newes to mite, hut I shal bringe some dowue with me ^hen I come, which now I hope will be very shortly, for all our business goes on well, and di'awes to a happy conclusion, I thaiike God. I am so well pleased that there is nothinge for the p'scnt which I could wish otherwise than as it is, save onely myselfe, which I could wish were much better, were it but that you might have a better husband, and more proportionable to your deserts. This letter, I suppose, will come to your handes about the 3d of November, and by that tyme I hope all my business will be dispatched, so as I may be ready to come downe, saveing that I must goe into Kent, and stay a day there. I would have some horses to come to Haughton to meet me, but I know not when to appoint them to be there ; I hope by some that goes downe I may sende you worde. My uncle John was here, and I thinke that he is still in towne ; he commendes him unto you. God blesse my sweet boy ! Farwell, sweet heart and love. \our truely loveing husbande, George Radcliffe. Grayes Inne, November 12th, 1628. z 170 127. SWEET HE ARTE, AW. 21st, 1628. I HAVE no we sent you some waxe" by Hall, though 1 hope my comminge downe will p'vent your sealinge of many letters with it at this tyme. I must go to Sutton for a day or 2 after the tearme, to take my Lady's accounts; and wurP busi- nes will not let us come downe of some fewe dayes after the terme is ended, yett we are noM e goinge about the dispatch of it. I expect to be with you about the 13th of December. I have received about 16/. of Wm. Hall ; and there is 20 more from Anthony Foxcroft, which they say I may have when I -will. I have paid Hartall 61. \5s. Tom's coate is makinge, but cannot be gott ready for Hall this journey. I shall wish my sister Mary a good day on Sunday next, for that I thinke is y*" day, though I doe but ghesse at it by your letter, because it is not dated. All your friendes are very well, and our busines goes on well. I longe to be with you, for it is a great while since I wanted your company thus longe ; and methinkes it is much that I shall want it still 3 weekes • Hence it appears that Sealing-wax, which may now be bought in every country bookseller's shop, could then only be obtained in London. Treacle was an article of equal rarity. But Yorkshire seems to have been at that time, like the Hebrides at present, *' hugely unprovided" with the conveniences of life. p The Yorliphire mode of pronouncing " out." 171 longer. The newes is, that y" Dutchmen, Hollanders, have surprised the Spanish West India fleet, and have taken shippes, westerne hides, euchenile, indico, silkcs, and much silver, in all worth 1,200,000/. which is in plain letters twelve hun- dred thousand poundes. 1 am goinge to Westminster. Fare- well, deare heart. God blesse my boy ! * Your assured lovinge husband, George Radceiffe. Grayes Inne, November 21st, 1628. 128. DEARE HEART, Nov. 25th, 1628. Our businesse hath had a greater stay than ever, it was on Monday last putt out of all hope for any thinge that I could see ; to as I thought we should presently have gone- about to give it over, M'hich was to quitt our handes ; but nowe it is come on a£:aine fairer than evei*. If it now faile or stoppe (which yett methinkes it should accordinge to former proceedinges) the devil is in it, or the pope, I thinke. You shall here more by Hall, for by Friday I shall be able to give . a better account, I thinke. God blesse my boy ! God sende you your healthe, and us all good successe and merrye meeting! Farwell, sweet heart. Your truly loving husband, George Radcliffe. Grayes Inne, November 25th, 1628. 172 129. DEARE NAN, DeC. \st, 16'28. The geese and pullets which you sent are received, and transmitted over to Sutton, whither I have promised my Lady to go myself; but I could yett gett no tyme since the terme, being wholly taken up with my Lord Viscount Went- worth's businesse ; I call him Viscount Wentworth, for so he will be before Munday at night "i. All his matters are now- ready, but not sealed, and they begin in the toAvne to call him Lord President of the North, but he is not so yett; God knowes what he may be by Saturday or Munday next. I hope we shall gett out of this towne homewards by Tuesday or Wedd- nesday at furthest : Sir Arthur Ingram sends me two horses, and so I shall not post it now. By his means the man comes to the alehouse neare , and stays there in vain ; but the matter is not great. I would gladly come to by this day sennight, but I feare it will be Saturday before we shall come thither, and come home on Munday or Tuesday after. God blesse my boy ! 1 am glad he is well, and right glad to understand that you are better than you was. I gave my Lord thanks for the plaster which my Lady gott for you. God send your head well too ! I wiU bring you a certaine medicine for that too. I have spoken for a house at Yorke for you, and I may have it if I will, the best house in the towne ; the M The Patent bears date December 10. 173 rent will be 20/. a yeare "■ ; the owner proffers it unto me to lett or sell, as I will. I must doe him a feat, which I think I can doe, and wiU cost me nothingc. I am told a new way for the atturney's place % which if it hold will cost me nothing; but howsoever, one way or other, I shall be very likely to have it, for my Lo. is more eager of my beinge there than I myselfe am. My sweet lasse, I am very loathe to give over writinge ; though all I have to write be nothinge, yet it is somethinge to me to write it. Farewell, my dearest love. Your truly lovinge husband, George Radcliffe. Thom's coate comes now to you, but I heare not of his slippers. Grayes Inne, De. 1st, 1628, 130. SWEET HEART, Dec. Isfy 1628. I had thought and hoped that by this tyme T should have been my owne carrier, and have presented myself to you for a token; but the slownesse of the dispatch of my bu- sinesse prolonges the tyme of my stay beyond all expectation. My Lord Wentworth, Sir Ai-thur Ingram, and myself, doe purpose to come downe together in a coache. Sir Arthur "■ 20l. per annum in 1028, the rent of the best house in York. » Then a veiy hicrative and honourable station, which Radcliffe lived to see abolished, together with the Court itself. 174 thinkes that we shall not sette forward out of this towne till the 15th of this moncth ; I hope better than so, and that we shall gette dispatched w"'n ten dayes ; indeed I do not see what can staye us so longe, but that we have nothinge certaine here but uncertaintyes. There is a co'mon report that my Lord is a Viscounte, and Lord President of the North ; for my part I cannot say so, though I wish it were so, neither would I have any of my friends to report it, but it is very con- fidently tould, and I wonder A^hat ground there is for it. Some \vill say, privately, that my Lord of Sunderland' hath resigned the Presidentship to the Kinge, and that the Kinge hath given him some satisfaction for it. This is all the nevt'es that I heare : I longe to see you and my sweet boy, and to have an hovues talk with you ; but I must have patience for one fourtnight ; yett at the leaste by St. Thomas eve, at fui'thest, have with you. In the meane time, farewell, my dearest Nan ; and God blesse my boy ! Your assured lovinge husbande, Grayes Inne, 1st Dec. 1628. George Radcliffe, Felton was ti-yed on Thursday last, and confessed all with much penitence and teares ; he was hanged at Tyburn on Sa- turday, and yesterday sent in a coach to Portsmouth to be hanged in chaines. ^ t Emmanuel Scroop, Earl of Sunderland, Baron Scroop of Bolton, constituted Lord President 16th Jac. died without issue, the last in the right line of that noble and ancient family. 175 SIR, Upon a seconde reading of your letter I finde my errore, reading that for a party which I now finde to be a party In the country : if Sir John^ will yeald it unto you, . . . will by . . yy consentt take itt as a right, not as a curtesye, soe as we may be left to take our remedye against the Maior^, which the statute of H. the Sixth doth afford us in a very plentifull manner, and which undoubtedly shall not be let slippe. Sir, I rest, your as afore, Th. Wentw.'^ To mi/ ivwthy friend, Sir Richard Beaumontt, Knighte. u I have, with one exception, departed from chronological order, for the purpose of exhibiting an unbroken series of Lord Stratford's Letters, none of which are to be found in the great collection of this Nobleman's Papers, published in^ 17S9 by William Knowler, LL. D. Rector of Irthlingborough. * Qu. Sir John Jackson, or Sir John Savile ? y My. z Qu. Mayor of Pontefract ? ' a Seal : a griffin on a wreath, and an inscription. — Was not this letter written A. D. 1625 or 1626 ? See a letter of this Sir Ric. Beaumont'.s,. vol. 1. Strafford's Letters, A. D. 1625, 176 2. GENTLK MR. GEORGE, 4 might not be diverted the whilst '^. How to vuiderstand this I know not for my part; I iudge it were Indiani queerer e Inclis quoque ignotam. Remember my service to the justices. Excuse me to my wife, and soe farewell. Your most faithfull Affectionate freind and cosin, Wentvvorth. St. Alban's, Satterday morning, the 21st, as I take it, of Sept. 1639. 6. j^This letter indorsed " For yourselfe."]] cosEN RADCLiFFE, 23d September, 1639. The particular hast of this dispatch is only to advertise you, that my Lord's Grace of Canterbury, having allready rep'sented to the King the examinations of Corbett k It appears that till this time Wentvvorth had never suspected the fidelity of Mai-quis Hamilton, whose duplicity and understanding with the Covenanters, are placed beyond a doubt by this passage. Both Traquair and he met with the fate of other trimmers, and were ruined by playing this double game of Patriotism and Loyalty. 182 transmitted hither, touching the Bishop of Klllala', his Ma'^y thereupon was very sensible of that Bishop's apparent ill af- fections, as unworthily as unseasonably expressed, to y'' violation of those due regards a person of his eminency and place ought more especially (as the times now goe) to have preserved and payd to the peace and settlement of his affaires. And therefore commands that thereupon he be forthwith pro- ceeded against, and deservedly avoyded out of his bishoprick, if it may be, which you will acquaint my cosin Waindeslord w^'^all, and take p'sent course therein accordingly. Commend me tohoth the justices and my wife, and excuse my not writing till the next. Soe I rest Your most faithfull affectionate freind and cosen, Wentworth. Covent Garden, this 23d September, 1639. ^ Under Strafford's administration the Bishops of Ireland were displaced with httle more ceremony than Excisemen. The story here referred to was this : — One Corbet, a Scots Clergyman, had written a virulent and witty book against the Covenanters, called, if I recollect aright, Lysimachus Theanor, and for this service was rewarded with a benefice in the diocese of Killalla, the Bishop of which at that time was Adair, himself a Scotsman. When Corbet applied for institution, the Bishop, who could not endure any reflexions on his countrymen, received Corbet (whose name it seems in the Erse language signifies a Crow) very roughly; and told him, that " it was an ill crow which defiled its own nest." These words Corbet took care to report to Laud ; and for this trivial offence the poor prelate, then an old man, was summarily deprived. He was, however, afterwards provided with another See. .183 COSIN RADCLIFFE, ^Qth Oct. 1639- Having not tyme now to write myself, I must by another hand reco'meiid one or two particulars unto you ; the one is, that you will bestoAV some tyme to informe yourselfe how the accompt stands there in Ireland for the 999/. 10s. due to my Lady the Countesse of Carlisle, for the customes, subsidies, imposts, &c. iipon wynes, for the yeare 1635, and whether that money was not paid into the Excheq'^ there ; if it were soe, there must be some course presently taken for re- imbursing it, being most iustly due to her La'' upon that ex- press accompt. The other is, for giving some direction for 4000/. of those moneys due to her La'' upon the said graunt, to be issued out of his Ma^*^ treasure there, and speedily made- over hether for her La''^ use, tbat business being settled by me here, with his Ma**^ gracious allowance for the \\'hole some of 1600/. to be reimbursed to the Crown by 2000/. per ami,. during the terme yet unexpired in the graunt : of both which I must intreate your accustomed care, which hath never failed Your most faithfuU cosin and freind. Went WORTH. Covent Garden, this 28th of October, 1639. P. S. Good George, be very carefull to returne my Ladie's money, and rather than faile send it over in spetie. For war- rant to Mr. Vice-treasorour, to issue it, pray you let him ^ 184 knowe the letter is now drawing, and I will not faile to pro- cure him a warrant and discharge to his hking. W*''in thes three dayes I shall write fully to you of all things : in the h a thlU meane time I must tell you, 186. 105. 2/. 52. 163. quit her- self 117- 120. 173. 101. 42. 33. 50. 15. 55. howheit pressed very by & 1 trc'r well much 12. 88. 11. I67. 10. 97. 104. I74. 110. 82. 60. 33. 34. 107. 164. 106. 14. 59. 108. 65. 22. 23. 56. 49. 58. 18. what will you hy that now. as for other matters. 186. 101. Extreamly well 57. 85. 79. 49. 56. 52. 37. 34. 90. 120. 83. 59. 33. 35. 10. 71. iQ. 56. 19. 11. 13 89. 130. I67. 9. 97- 8. 28. 6^. 42. 55. JQ. 101. 79. QQ. 102. 58. 22. 21. 55. 15. 80. 7. 5L 34. 33. 109. resolued at Durblin™ 49. 57. 76. Q7. 34. 74. 56. 20. 108. 53. 81. 10. 325. 130. 11. 8. COSEN RATCLIFFE, 23' I perceave will take it well ; soe to you I leave the election to doe as you see cause. The Bishop of Killalla his papers are herewith restored ; you must pi'oceed with effect, either to de- grade him, or at least deprive him of his bishopricke : the sooner you dispatche it the better. The Bishop of Rosse^ is designed to succeed him, who is ready to take it, with thanks. I trust I shall, howbeit with mighty difficulty, reduce that -business of the E. of Clanricards to reason ; I will move his Ma*> to referre it to the Committee of Irishe Affaires ; we shall be harde enough for him. For my Lord of Valentia, God send him more witt and good nature then ever I could find to be in him ; and this the worst I wish him, and now that he goes out of his place, all I will say to him. I heare nothing as yett of the E. of Meath's complaints, but let him cum, he will gett little help here, I pray you in any case gett Josephe and Rob. Lee to goe in the Bernes country, for letting those lands ther for the next yeare, lest otherwise the rent be lost this next summer ; in any wise speak with Car- penter, and lett not this be neglected. And in case Hoye hath not paid the money he owes me, lett ther be an entry made to a fourth part of his lands for the King's use ; and tell the M' of the Wards, that if my money, with interest, be not paid before my cumming over, I will secure my money out of that fourth parte, and settle the inheritance at after, w"'out « In Scotland. 15)1 redemtion in the Crowne : I take it an exceeding ill parte to be so played w"'all. I approve of all you shall concerning Stevens ; and for the morgage of Osberstone, thev that had told you ther would be noc deputye at all shortly, had told you very true ; but aU other conjectures are very frivoulouse. Ther will be, w"'out all question, a warre with Scotland, and that most just, necessary and honorable'. Nothing is or will be confirmed ; and soe fare you well. Your ever most faithfull affectionate freind and cosen, Wentworth. Whitehall, this 10th of December, 1639. 11. COSEN RADCLIFFE, llth Dec. 1639. According to that which you know was pro- pounded before my comeing out of Ireland, touching the Byrnes Coinitry, I have moved his Ma'^'=, and received his gracious approbation of the offer made to paye to the Crovrae two tjiousands pounds a yeare, fee farm rent, for the same ; nevertheles his Ma*"' has graciously pleased to graunt and leave it to my libertye, that I may hereafter exchange with the Crowne all, or as much of the said fee farm rent as I shall like off, provided that I shall still secure other fee farm rent of like value in lieu thereof, to be issuing out of lands of * These epiUiets it deserved, except the second j. but it ill-timed and. impolitic. 192 treble yearly value to the rent soe secured. Wlierefore I pray you cause a letter to be drawn for his Ma''^ royal signature, to pass the Byrnes Country, in fee farme, unto Sir Robert Myredyth and Sir Phillip Percivall, knights, under the ly- mitations afs"*. Having likewise moved his Ma^"" in the be- half of y"^ Countesse of Denbigh, he his graciously pleased to bestow upon her fifteene hundred pounds, to be taken out of the profits arysiiig upon the commission for surrounded grounds there in Ireland, prosecuted by my brother Dillon. And for this a letter is in like manner to be drawn, and, together with the other, to be speedily sent unto me. With this pacquet I doe send his Ma*"' letter for setting the Countesse of Car- lisle's business, about the impost of wynes. In dra\ving of conveyances, I pi'ay you have a care that a covenant be ex- pressed therein, that in case the clear profitt of the impost of wynes (the rent paid) doe in any way proove lesse then two thousand pounds, that then her ladyP, and her assigns, be concluded to make it up soe much as may chance to fall short of the said two thousand pounds. Soe I remaine Your most faithfull affectionate friend and cosen, Wentworth. Covent Garden, this 11th December, 1630. 193 12. COSEN RADCLIFFE, 18 Dec. 1G39. These tw o words apart are only to advertise you of the tyme I intend, God willing! to begin my journey from lience towards Ireland, which I purpose to doe about y* ninth of Januai-y ; soe as I shall desire you to give order to Cai-penter, that both the pinnaces may be ready at Beaumaris by the fifteenth of the same month. In the mean tyme I would have Carpenter to take com'se that my pinnace be at Beaumorris the thirtieth of this moneth, to transport my Lord Justice Lowther back, who purposeth to beginn his journey hence about St. Thomas his Day. And in case my pinnace cannot be ready to be sent over by that tyme for my Lord Lowther, then that the King's pinnace be sent for him, ' to be ready at the tyme and place aforesaid. And both these appointments Carpenter must take special care that they punctually complyed with and observed. Soe I remaine Your most faithfull affectionate freind and cosin, Wentwortii. Covent Garden, this 18th of Dec. 1639. c c IM 13. cosiN RADCLIFF, ISth Dec. 1639. The returne of my Lord Cheefe Justice, togei- ther with this bearer, a^ ill make the shorter, considering that his Loi' is able to give you a clear accompt in what state he leaves all here, and that I have not one letter of yours by me unanswered. We have gotten Sir Rob. Pie to give us an acquittance for this half yeare rent for the Customes, and to accept of the E. of Antrim his Ingagement for paying the money he hath of the King's in his hands ; and this I have caused to be paid to my Lady of Carlile, in partt of what is due unto her forth of the Impost, soe as there will be nowe see much the less to returne over to her LaP as this halfe yeare rent of the Customes cum unto. Understanding that my son looseth his time, under either the softnesse or negligence of his tutor, I have dealt mth this gentleman to take upon him that chardge, and doe hereby most earnestly desire you to give him your advice in the di- recting of my son's study, and in providing him, if it be possible, a chamber in the colledge, that soe he may be the nearer his chardge ; and that you will lett my son knowe, that I doe expect that what he advises, with your privity and allowance, he shall carefxdly observe and fullfill, _as he expects to be well pleasing to me ; and that all riding abroade, and other such like recreations, are to be layd aside till he have 195 recovered the Anc he hath hitherto mispent. Good George, a^ord me your care herein. My commission for the Lieiitenancye is goinge on, and that dispatched, and the transmission for the next ParUament cumd", I will hasten my departiu'e hence by all means 1 can : in any case lett those be hastened back with all possilile speed. And soe farewell. Your ever most faithfull affectionate freind and cosen, Wentvvorth,. 18th 10'-', 1639. 14. COSEN RADCLIFFE, \'Jth Feb. 1639. Having a rhewme fallen into my eyes, George Carr must write for me. I assure myself that you have taken all possible care there on that side in making choyse of the knights and burghess for this insueing Parliam', considering that theirs here is conceived, may be soe well prepai'ed by the good successe of tiiat there, which being granted, the sum- mons could not goe out too soon. Wee send you bv this messenger the Commission and Acts by you transmitted,, which you will find likewise dated and dispatched as vou ad- vised. In any case stay the writt of summons for my Lord Kildare till my coming over. I should have been extrcamly gladd to have had the letters for -f Bernes, and concerning my lady Denbigh ; I feare they will not come till I be gon. I shall procure my Lord Chancello' the letter desired, and " A Yorkshire-ism, 196 bring it along with me. Remember my ser\, when the roome was cleared, told me, that Lord had put a great compliment upon me, haveing there publickely at the boord fully testifyed all these unmannerly passages in Ireland wherew*^' he was charged. As for a Sollicitor, that must rest till I speake with you, as alsoe the Atturney of the Court of Wardes. Your answer to Job Ward was very good, and may soe rest till my coming ; nor did I give any order as he alledged. For the moneys you mention, due to Captaine Peasley, I conceave there will be money sufficient to pay him out of the rents in Ireland ; and therefore I pray you that you will call upon the steward and Joseph Peasley concerning them. My « Tl e Lord Loftus. 197 Lady Carlile's money cannot be spared ; I have made shift to pay her a thousand poxnids licre, and the rest must be made up. For those stealths of tobacco forth of Scotland, I am of opinion that a little good looking to will rectifie those ports there, as well as in other parts of the kingdome. I will speake to the King in that business of Mr. Archibald Hayes, and dispatch it for you. That nine hundreth ninety and nine pounds demanded by my Lady Carlile, I shall desire you it may be evident against my coming, whether her Lai* or Sir James Hayes had, in that there may be order taken accord- ingly. AVliat money soever you returne hither, may here remaine against my coming back ; and therefore procure as much thereof to be sent as you may. As concerning my Lord of St. Alban's his business, I trust to procure a direction very shortly. Touching the contract which the merchants for the Key made by the Commissioners for letting the Derry, I shall at the first meeting of the Committee for Irish Affairs speak to my Lord Tre'er and my Lord Cottington as you de- sired, that it may not proceed till the farmers of the Customes be heard. And thus have you an answere to all your letters nor like to have any more till by the grace of God I see you. I assure myselfe y'' shipps you mention will be ready at Beau- marris against my coming. And soe farewell. Your ever most faithful cosen and freind, Stratford,. Covent Garden, this l/th Feb. 1639. 198 The course y*^ you have settled concerning my sonn's tutours is very good, and may so rest till I come. The gentleman's name is Rabie. 15. cosEN RADCLiFFE, ' 'J th April, 1640. You will doe me the favoure, as with all possible speed you can, to send me the accompts, how they stand betwixt my Lady Carlile and me according to what I lately mentioned to you thereabout, soe as thereby I may particularly understand what I have to pay unto her Lai% and see the same may be performed accordingly. I doe likewise desire you very speedily and carefully to peruse the letter sent from us of y*^ revenue there, to Mr. Secretary Windebanke, upon the letter obtained by my Lord Marshall, of soe lardge extent, as we humbly I'ep'sented to his Ma'^ what we conceived therein unfitt to be granted, and ^^ hat we in the conclusion of that letter humbly advised my Lord Marshall might be gratified ^v'^all ; but upon his I^o''^ neglect hereof, his Ma'^' you know is pleaded to conferr the same upon my Lord Marquesse Ha- milton, in whose behalfe you will upon perusall of the afore- said letter carefully dra\\e up one as beneficiall in his behalfe as was by us humbly advised might have been done for my Lo. Marshall. And send me over this draught Avith my Lady Carlile's accounts, the sooner the better; for in both 199 those p'tlculars sometliing may be expecteil from me as soone as I come to London, which is somewhat retarded by my present indisposition, arising from my gout, late sea sickness, and continuing looseness ; but I dayly hope for better, and ever rest Your most faithfull affectionate freind and cosen, STRAFFORDr;. Chester, this 7th of April, 1640. ]6. cosiN RADCLiFP, Blay 2, 1640. You will finde by my letter to the Deputy, that pur into the field vAMi be a moneth later then was intended, together with the reason ; for my ovnie parte I expected .... good of this God grant I may prove ! How- ever by this means wee shall cut of one moneth's chardge ; and I will endeavour to get the loane you mentioned. Howbeit I am hopelesse of doing any good therein in these broken and ill disposed times. But the best is, soe longe as wee have in view money to serve the tume, if we can but make sure to victuaU and clothe our men, I will trust with good wordes to gaine them to be contented, to expectt now and then a moneth or tow till the treasure cum, for soe as then they may be sure I will not doubt my credit so farre, but I shall obtaine as much of them as that comes too. If you knew how weary I am, ha^^ng this day taken pliisicke, you 200 would give your consent that I should thus quickly write myself", Your most faithfull affectionate freind and cosin, Strafforde. Leycester House, 2nd of May, 1640. 17. COSIN RADCLIFFE, 19th Mat/, 1640. If I were for the present in better disposition of health, (howbeit I thanke God I am now somewhat better then. I have lately been, which in truth was very dangerous ill,) these had come to you both under my owne hand, and been enlardged with divers other particulars I have to write to you j but what I shall now mention is only touching the tobacco bu- sinesse, and to desire you to prepare an act to be transmitted Avith the rest, that I shall come over hither for his Ma'""^ allow- ance against the next Session, for granting and confirmeing to his Ma'^y preemtion thereof, for increase of his revenue, which I shall, noe doubt, gett allowed on here, and being past there, may be to the full security of that affaire, and the contractor's lease. And I the rather take this occasion now to write to you in prevention of your fears upon misreports y* come to you by other hands of my present state of liealth, the world being extreamly given to make all tilings worse. Soe com- mending me to my Lord Deputy, to whom I sliall, God . 201 ' willing ! shortly, when I can, more fully write, I rest Your most faithtuU affectionate cosin ever, Stra^forde. Leicester House, this 19th of May, 1640. 18. COSIN RADCLIFFE, Wth JuUC, 1640. Intending that my brother George and my chil- dren shall this next week beginn their journey hence for Ireland, I desire you give present order to Captaine Bartlet, that he, and the pinnace wherein you come over, may stay in Chester water till my comeing thither, for their safe transportation and better convenience in their passage. I have taken, I thank God ! very good rest this last night, and not had any one occasion from my loosenesse. I wish you a good journey, and forbaere further till I see you, resting ever Your most falthfull aflfectionate cosIn and freind, Strafforde. Leicester House, this 11 of June, 1640, at ten of y'' clock before noone. D B 202 19. cosiN RADCLIFFE, July 3cl, 1640. The King hath taken a siidden x'esolution to go himself presently to York ; sends me into Irelande, my lord Marquiss into Scotland, and tjll he goe injoynes me to at- tend, every day, at G^tlandes ; for my parte I give all to tende ...r» Vi. • * peace . , .'T*.-*^ And of this more vvhen wee meet. ' Yours allways faithfull and true cosin and friend, Strap FoaDE. Sion, Munday morning, 6 o'clock. 20. COSIN RADCI.IFFE, Thes newes are brought me by a letter from the Marqu^isse, which I received at Caxton. The Scotts are cumd in (Fnday last, as I guesse). The King stirrs not from Yorke till I cum. Six of the Yorkshire regiments the King takes along with him, and leads them himself. The Marquise holds his regiment, which the King makes choyse of for his owne guardes. The particulars I shall have more spetiall by a letter from the Treasurer, which as yet I have not receaved. * Wliere the dots'are, erasures have been made. I am not very weary, but much worse then I M'as this morinng', my paines are the vciy same I had in my sickness, and this new greefe which I have againe gott on my Uver side gives me my former difficulty of breathing, and will, I doubtc, force me to lett bloode ; yet hitherto I am able to endure travaile, I praise God ! and soe as long that holds T shall goe on. George, I am In all conditions " " Your most faithfull affectionate freind and cosin, Strafforde. Huntingdon, JMunday, at nine of the clock at night. Not one of my -.- - serv'^ cum but J. Wetheride and - the Coke. I pray desire Will Raylton to sollicite my Lords of the Committee to hasten away the stores and other provisions for the army, which are yet in the river. The Officers of the Ordinance must be called upon. (Let the inclosed be sent away with speed.) 21, COSIN RADCLIFFE, Sept. \st, 1640. PiTTY me, for never came any man to so lost buslnesse. The ai'my alltogeither unexercised and unprovided of all necessarys. That parte which I bring now w-ith liie from Durham the worst I ever saw. Our hoi-se all cowardly, 204 the country from Barwicke to Yorke in the power of the Scott, an universall affright in all, a generall disaffection to the King's service, none sensible of his dishonour. In one worde, here alone to fight with all thes evils, w*^out any one to helpe. God of his goodnesse deliver me out of this the greatest evill of my life. Fare you well^. Your ever inost faithfull and most Affectionate cosin and freind, Strafforde. Northallerton, 1st Septemb. 1640. 22. COSIN KADCLIFFE, ^th NoV. 1640. The commission for my L** of Ormonde is sent you herewith. I have writt to London to prorogue the Par- liament there in Ireland ; in the mean time the Act for Con- naught to be passed, if possible may be, and the House of Commons there to be kept to consider onely of the lawes transmitted, w^'^out admittinge them any newe discourse of other matters. Then susidies are not to be accepted, as they offer them ; there order is to be protested against by my JJ^ y This Letter speaks the language of the heart ; it is a short but eloquent burst of indignation, from a brave and faithful man, heart-broken by the cowardice and treachery of all around him, 905 Deputy at the concluding of this cession, and to be vacated and torne out of the booke, as being that which nether they can justifie, iior is in there power for to limit ; the first in respecte of Poynings Act ; the second, because against the Acts of Parliament for those subsidies. The Aoostles ^ vou mention in the Counsell's letter I find not in this packett, and therefore can say nothing to them. Remember mv ser- vice to my Lord of Ormond, who shall herewith receave the power and warrants he desires. The fees of Sir William Udall will I cause to be procured at London, and transmitt them to Mr. Vice-treasurer from thence. Joseph Peasley had reason to refuse my L** Esmond's offer, for I ever took the land to be too high rated ; therefore procure his assurance, and hold him strickly to the valew ; neither is the mony to be payd him till the assurance be perfected ; and therefore looke to him, for you know he is a slippery gentleman. For Cloughhammon G. Carre will look to it, and settle it with the help of Joseph Peasley, both whose utmost endeavours I expect therein. If that for my L*^ Marquesse do not take, I desire you to look out some other thinge for him, and use dihgence therein. My L** Clanricard must have all his land ; 2 Apostles, in the diplomatic language of that day, were marginal notes^ generally in the King's hand, written on the margin of State Papers. The word in somewhat a similar sense had its origin in the Canon Law. See many instances of Apostles by Charles I. in Abp. Laud's Diary. See also Du Cange, in voce Apostoli. 206 but we shall have the liberty of exchanges, whereui I have undertaken he shall be no looser. In the surrounded lands, Sir Hardress Waler mav be re- membred at leasure ; and in the mean time I will deale with my Lady Denby as ^A ell as I can, which will prove no little trouble. I will not faile to speake Avith my L"* Cottington conceminge the assignment for the 140007, and will have such a care of Slingby as he shall not suffer by it in any kinde. In one kinde or other you must take care that the monies for my Lady Carlile be payd to her at London this terme, for she have neede of it, therein your care is to be used ; for in any ' case it may not be neglected. I pray you returne as much monies hither as possible you can, for I shall have neede of it, in regarde, I believe, the recvTsants revenue will fall short, by reason of these troubles. Thus much in answer to yours of the 28th of 8"^". 9'"" y^ 5th, 1640. {No SignatKre.'] Indorsed " Ld. Straff'd, 1640, No. 5th." 23. {Indorsed " 8. 8. 40. Proposition Scots, rejected by me, and crossed. "3 Whether as the condition of affairs now stand in the three kingdoms, it be of absolute necessity for the publique sauftie of this kingdome, and for securing it from 207 Scottish invasion, to banish all the under Scots " in Ulster by proclamation, grounded upon an humble request of the Gj'mons House m this p'nte P'liam*. I take it for granted that the House of Co'mous (the in- tended blessed reformac'on of my L. of Argyle's hyhlanders and redshanks, with other p'ticulars, being fully rep'sented to them) will chearfully noate this proposition ; and my confi- dence herein is grounded upon good reasons, fitter for p'sonall discourse then here to bee in writing incerted. x\nd if this weightie business be retarded in expectac'on of a resolution from England, the opportunitie maie likely bee left, for Ar- gile may come ; and whoe doubts but the attempt and good success of his fellow covenants'"* in England will prompt him to higher aymes In Ireland ; and such is the Intenc'on, all- ready appea.rs by his extraordinarie provision of all manner and kinds of necessaries requisite for the transportac'on of an army : add that 40,000 able bodied men of the Scotch nac'on in those p'tes, are a strong and safe encoui-agem' for his landing, and which is not inconsiderable. The meere Irish,, the aimicent depend' of the O'Neales in that province, maie a This was one of the vigorous measures which Strafford's genius and spirit suggested too late, for which reason it was rejected by the sober judgment of his friend. The advantage of the connexion here stated, be- tween the Highlanders and their neighbours of Ulster, was shortly after re- torted upon the Covenanters by ]Montrose and the Marquis of Antrim. ^08 upon this occation be attempted, and laid hold and take ad- vantage of the opportunitie, by graspeing lands and lib'tie, both which will in aU probabilitie bee strongly urged and of- fered by a knowing cunning enemy, to galne the strongest p'ty. The consequence that will follow upon the voateing of this p'ticular in P'liament will bee of noe small import to his Ma*^ service, for thereby \vill infallibly follow a p'petual distrust and hatred betweene both kingdomes; and, the warr con- tinuing, can produce little other or lesse amongst them then a lasting nationall quarrell. This designe being resolutely pursued will not only secure us att home, falsify the rumours of our discontent, give the lye to the report of wresting the printed declarac'on from us, but w*''all such countenance the King's affaires in England, gain him reputac'on in forraigne p'tes, and render this nac'on by their countenance formidable to Scotland. Distinction should be put betweene the under Scotts, who are soe nume- rous and soe ready for insurrecc'on ; and such as have consi- derable estates in lands, to ingage and secure their fidelltie. It alsoe will bee of use to declare it a condiconall banlshm* till peace bee firmly settled. Happly it will be objected, that the Scots in Ulster took the oath administred in implicit abjuration of the covenant, that they are the King's subjects, not yet convinced of actuall rebellion. That it will bee a hard case to banishe the Klnge's 209 people upon supposition ;uk1 conjecture ,; and that Iiy this course the major parte of all the North will hee untenanted. To this I answer, that niainie thousands in ihe Northe never tooke the oathe ; and as I am certainely made believe, they now publiquely avouch it as an unlawful! oath ; and for ought I see, they will shortly retourne, to any that dares question them, such an answere as Roh't Bruce, Earle of Carricke, made to Sir John Comyn, whoe, char^eing him A^ith breach of oath taken at AVestminster to King Edward, replyes with cleaving Sir John's heade in twoe. Did not the noliility of Scotland sweare faithe to the Kinge upon his coro- nac'on ? and \\hat has that secured Newcastle or his Mat^^ subjects in defending it ? None is soe dim-sighted but sees the gen'all inclination of the Ulster Scots to the Covenant : and God forbid they should tarrie there till the Earle of Argile brings them armies to cut our throats, to our apparent dis- turbance, if not certavne nivne. And what co'mon wefilth will not give A\aie that a few landlords (for they are but a few) should receive some small p'judice, where the publique sauftie and certaine peace of the whole is concerned. It will be objected that the Scots are manle in number, everie ordinarie fellow still cameing his sword and pistoll ; and therefore unsaufe to bee too tarr provoakcd. I ans\^'er, 'tis more unsaufe to deale with an enemy by haulfes ; and that I fear will fall out to bee our case if resolutely this dcslgne bee uot put in execuc'on ; for whoe sees not if tiie now standing E £ 210 army bee not able, w"'out aiiie manner of daunger or dif- ficultie, to give them the lawe, and send them forthwith pacqueuig — I say who sees not that (upon Argile's landmg and armeing of them) we shall' bee exposed to a most assured scorne and certaine ruhie ? What number of boats and barques will serve for tbe transportae'on and passage of soe manie, how they male bee suddainly and w*''out noyse provided, and in what havens they should be landed from Argile's reach Cwhoe otherwise maie hinder the retourne of the vesells and marriners), prop' for p'sonall debate with such as are acquainted in those partes. 24. 28. 8. 40. Copy of my note anexed to my le're to my Lo. Leiut. 28 8'^"% 1640. My Lo. of Ormond hath noe com" as yet to command the army as Leiften^-g'rall, w'ch he ought to have ; w'''out it hee cannot use marshall lawe. My Lo. Pre- sid*^ writt that he meant to hange 4 souldiers as yesterday for burglaries, w'ch was a necessary pointe of sev'ity (the soul- diers growing insolent for want of imploym') ; but I know not what warr*^ hee has for it. I am altogether of opinion to prorogue the Parliam^ if I could get the Cannoght Act passed (thoe methinkes they doe not much like that lawe) ; or without it, rather than to keepe 211 them to longe together ; onley your Lo''i '^ resoluc'oiis, Mhat we shall doe concerning the subsides, accept their offer, or protest ag' their order ; and A\'hat course then to be taken. The Apostiles, menc'oned in the Concell's le'rs, Aveare leaft to nie, and they are in the margent of the inclosed ord"" ; but the C'ouncell ne\er sawe them, but onely my Lord Deputie. My Lord of Oimond is very right and gallant, ready to execute whatsoev' your Lo'' shall com'and Viiui for th.e King's service ; l)ut hee will expect a good wniT', Vv'hich is hut rea- son, I beseech yo"" I^o' remember liim with tlie King. I beseech yo'' Lo'' let one of vo' secretai'ies certifie me what perquisites Sir W'" dale hath for issueing the King's money to the army. Mr. Vice-treasurer claims 6d. but t8.kes 3d. for each pound paid to that use. My Lo. Esmond lookcs for 2S00/. to be presently paid him : a great some as the v oild goes with us. Hee hath not yet p'fected the assurance ; hut his man taking the draught from Mr. Sollicitor, ncAer yet brought it back. Joseph Peisley saies, that my Lo. Esm. AA'ould have take the managem' of the landes into his Vutndes for yo'" Lo'' ; but he refuseth, conceiving that it is over-valued, and that the rate will not hould. I think you have an ill bargaine of Cloughaman ; the ten* refuseth his lease, and the rates Avill not hold. Wee have put yo"" landes in the Bernes, Coshaw, Shilelrxgh, and Kildare, into a reasonable good order, and shall goe on. 212 wltli the rest. I hope to have falre rentalls of all entree! In a. booke. Brimingham's countrie holds not, nor will anie thhig there bee had for the Kinge. I sent Mr Sohcitor to S'' W'" Cooley : his informac'on Is lesse than nothing. The principall has past upon the comision of defective titles ; they are of English decent, have had several decents. And the two attainders nienc'oned by S'' W'" Cooley prove to be nothinge. What shall we now doe for the Marquis ? My lo. of Clanrickard refuseth the letter which I drew and left with Mr, Raylton, w"'out which wee shall bee pushed for the distribution of Gallwaie ; I A\ould wee had it, for we are now ready for the great pattentes to the Corporac'on, which, is not fitt to be delaied. I cannot yet get a chapman for the surrounded lands, nor tTilnke it fitt to make anie noise this Parliam'. Sir Hardress Waller Is concerned in It, and hee hath some vogue hi the House of Com'ons, where hee complim'^ with the King, but voats ag* us. My Lady Denbigh must have patience, and If yo'^ liO'' bee see pleased, I cannot rayse the rates to recom- pence the delaie. The assignment of 14,000/. upon the soape, wherein my Lo. Cottington thought or would have me believe hee did use a courtesie, answers not our necessities. My Lo. Marquiss, as 1 heare, has gotten afore us. In the mean time Mr. Guilford Slingsby's creditt lyes att stake for 6000/. which if It be not speedily paid, hee will suffer much by it. 213 1 humbly intrcate yo' Lor''' directions in such of these p'tlculars as require yo' order. 28 8''"% 1()40. [rFrifien hi/ Sir G. 7?.] 25. I DOE hereby promise upon the faith of a Christien, and honor of a gentleman, not to reveale any dis- course that shall passe between 'nio\ Webb and me, w"'out his consent and privatle first had in writing thereunto, be- cause he doth declare, that he hath noe private end of his owne ; and that he will not undertake the proofe of any thing, but is w illing to be free with me out of his zeal to his King and Country, for the good of both, if by such probabilityes as he shall impart unto me (who he conceaves to be a person in the King's trust and affaires) use may be made for his Ma*^"^^ service. And this being to be delivered to me in trust, I hold myself soe obliged to secrecy (notwithstanding my place of a Counccllour), that if I faile to him herein, I wish no reputa- tion to the name of That this is a true Coppie, I subscribe Tho. Webb. And before this note was signed, there was assurance given that there was noe treason directly ag* y'' King's person. 2b mi/ loortliy freind^ Sir George RadcUffe, these. 214 26. COSIN KADCLIFF, 5th NoV. 1640. I Have soe many things to write I knowe not well where to btgin, on this side or on that ; but I will first let you see our present condition here, and come to the other at after. Our Lords Commissioners concluded a cessation of amies with the Scotts un Munday was seavennight, and we trans- ferred the treaty to London. I shall not neede to mention, any of the articles, bycause Georg'e Carre hath them to shew you. They gave an accompt to his Ma*^ and the greate Counsell, wherw''', to ir.y thinking, his Ma*-^ seemed not well pleased; but after sura bowers of debate, his Ma*^ allowed therof, yet were not the articles signed by the rest of the Lords, as was de- sired by the Commissioners, neither are they to be signed by the King; nly his Ma'"" by a letter aparte under the signet is to aliowe therof. Much adoe ther hath been, and the greatest malignity expressed towards me that ever you saw; wheriii, nevertheless, I trust I have given them noe advan- tage. Howbeit the Scotts ha\e publickly declared me ther enemye, a publlcke incendiary, and I know not what besides. My Lord of Bristol hath been ther mercury in ^all the treaty ; Holland, Mandeville, Wharton, and Savile, greatly 215 ^ • - busied therein ; and Baikshire, under tlie lii^^^hcst professions of friendship you ever heardo, brought to be the cOndute to utter all ther bitterness towards me. My Lord of Bristoll professeth great friendshipji unto me, and very faire and kinde wc continue ; but yet he put it notably ujjon me in divers particulars whilst the business was in agitation. First, whether I would advise the brcatche of the treaty ; and if soe, how I would asseure the King and Kingdomc wee shoidd bee able to beate out the Scotts. My ans^A'ere was, that I was soe farre from advisinge a breatch, as I should not presume a judgm' in a business of soe great consequence as the treaty was : and for asseuring any thing, I was less able to doe that ; I was not a prophet, nor the son of a prophet, that I could devine ; and howbeit I had the honour to be of his Ma*'" Privy Counsell, yet I was not of the Al- mightle's Privy Counsell, to undertake to bespeake the event of warre before hande. All I was able to doe (and that I did) was truly to let them knowe as much as I knew of the strengthe of both armyes, and soe humbly to submitt the re- solution to ther greater wisedome. Secondly, his Lop pro- pounded, that I might be left here to see the preformance of the treaty, and that I should be the Commissioner to treate and drawe the adjacent shires, Cumberland, Westmerland, Lancaster, and Yorke, to contribute with Durham and Nor- thumberland towards the maintenance of the Scotishe armye. 216 My answere Mas, that for the treaty, I was not soe well knowing the private debates, ai'guments, reasons, and pur- poses thereof, as to be able soe well to judge what might be or might not be in breatche thereof, as others that had heard all ; and that in respect therof, my Lord Wharton and Savile were farre more capable to discharge that service then myself. Besides, I had the chardge of the armye upon me, which alone was m.)re then sufficient to a person of much more ex- perience tsH'n inyself. For the latter 1 held it noe ways cumly for me, commanding this army under his Ma^"" and my Lord Generall, to be busied in raysing contribution for the Scotishe army for two monthes pay, not know ing the whilst wher to procur two dayes to otir owne ; soe as 1 did absolutely protest against my being an iu'- strument of drawing new provinces under the Scotishe yoke; and that in my owne private capacity I would never give them any thing, rather bestow my whole estate upon the King than one farthing on them. Besides, I, being by them de- clared ther enemy, was of all others leas proper to be em- ployed in ther affaires. This debate finally tookc end by his Mat"'^ saying, that indeed they were not fitt for me to meddle in. Lastly, his Lo'' and the other Commissioners acknow- ledging the treaty not to be such as they had cause to bragge of, being onely amidst these publike misfortunes to choose the least of evills, they reade a long declaration containing 217 the reasons wherfore they wher constrahied to conclude this treaty, in prevention of farre greater mischiefs, and pitched the strengthe of thes reasons foilh of what I had said in the great Counsell on several occasions, taking and leaving as they liked themselves best, and thus to make me the auctor of what they profest not good in itself; and yet privately chardged me to be of all others most averse mito the treaty. Was not here if you obsene it, a rare art and malice togeither ? Hereupon was I forced to ran over all I had said since the first time the Counsell of Peers sat, to denie sum things they said in that declaration, and thoi'owout to supplie it where they had left any thing forth ; as indeed was done in most of the particulars so collected, and those most materiall ones. Tlier LoP^ ackno\Aledgcd sum things to be mistaken, and soe to be left out ; in other things my Lord of Bristoll said it should be mended, and sent to me to alter and chando-e anv words not pleasing to me. I humbly thanked his Lop for his noble offer, but that it could not consist with my modesty to presume to be able to mende what had past so much abler judgem'' and greater experiences then my owne. I humbly craved, that if it seemed good to ther Lqp^ to grounde any thino- upon my sudden and weake opinions, they would take them all togeither, and not to picke them forth by peeces ; and, as I live, if they publishe this declaration, in answeare therof you shall have me eare long a foole in print. - r am to-morrow to London, Avith more clangers besett, I believe, tben ever any man went with out of Yorkshire ^ ; yet my hartte is good, and I finde nothinge cold w*4n me. It is not to be beleeved how great the malice is, and how intente they are about it : little lesse care ther is taken to ruin me then to save ther owne souls. Nay, for themselves, I wishe ther attention to the latter were equal to that they lend me in the former; and certainly they will racke heaven and hell, as they say, ""to doe me mischief. They expectt great matters out of Ireland, therefore pray you lend an eare to v^hat may stirr there ; howbeit I knowe not any thing yet. Geo. Carre hath sumthing to tell you that against all events must be provided for. If they cum to chardge, I will send for you to have your helpe in my defence. I pray therfore make i-eady, if the oc- casion be offered ; else stirr not. The King hath given me great demonstrations of his aifection, and strong assurances as can be expressed in words. The Queen is infinitly gratious. towards me, above all that you can imagine, and doth declare it in a very publike and strandge manner, soe as nothing can b Strafford appears to have been fully aware of the storm which was ready to burst upon him: and nothing but a good conscience and great constitutional intrepidity could have enabled him, in such circumstances, to express himself with so much calmness to a friend with whom he had no seserve. Imrtt me, by God's help ! but the Iniquitle and necessity of thes times. -. Three maine disadvantages the King and his poor servant* labour under at this time ; and what the effects thereof may be God Almighty knows ! The uttermost of the Scotts de- mands are yet vailed from us and certainly by design of sum even amongst ourselves, soe as the minds and opinions of the subjects are infiuitly distracted; sum thinking over well, others may be over ill of ther purposes, which turne infinitly to the King's prejudice; for if they were once made patent, every man's judgment would be satisfied, and soe unity and concur- rence in counsells, by God's grace, might follow, which is the only meanes under his goodness to preserve and save our- selves and children by. The Scotishe army is still by this means kept as a rod over the King, to force him to doe any thing the Puritan popular humour hath a minde unto, which is a devilllsh practise, if you will consider it. This armv, which is our bulwark, depends nearly upon the loane of the Citty ; if that fade, wee disbande shamefully, and with all the danger that can be thought of, Avhich certainly they ^\•ill either inlardge or straten, as the King shall please the P'liam' more or less ; which I asseure you I take to be of more perill then any of the rest, albeit the other are as bad almost as bad tan be. Thus you see we are in a brave condition ; could any man wish it worse ? the question is to be answered w"' a verse of 220 Spencer, ** God help the men, thus wrapt in error's endless traine'^." The Lord Keeper, to beghi the business with, hath declared in open Parllam* the warre was atlvised by the body of the Counsell, w'^'* albeit in elFeet true, yet are they infinitly offended at it ; what expedient they Avill finde to reeruite it, we must expect. In the mean time I am hastened up ; that ther is a great want of me'* ; that if I had been ther that folly had not been committed ; that I was of absolute necessity to be ther, and therfore noe delay to be used ; and soe am I pulled from Old Woodhouse " by heade and eares, as they used to say, and forced to leave the army, which I confesse I doe most unwillingly, albeit a chardge all others I would thanke God to be free of. As concerning that other army ther, it must rest as it is till I cum to London, then you shall speedily lieare from me againe ; in the meane time, I would have the Deputy and you interesting the rest of the Counsell by de- grees w*^'* you to deal with my Lord Ormonde, that now being to goe to ther winter quarters, the souldiers' pay, during time of garrison, may be reduced to sixpence a day, wherin not stirring the officers, you may have them to joyne in the bu- siness, taking yo"" rise from the Parliam*^^ abayting indeed abusing the subsedies. If you compass this you do a great Faery Queene, Book I. c. i. d See Whillocke, p. 36. e Nfv vrciloii &£iijU!vo5. Eurip. About the end of May foriowing lie returned, not to the house, but to the sepulchre of his Ancestors, service, and methluks It is not very harde if dexterously handled ; for truly six pence ther is more then eight pence here, hut then yo'' direction must be hastened thether before the King's pleasure be declared for setting the subsedie, and prorouging the Parliam*. The Archbishop of Yorke ^ died since the King's departure, and thereby Hes a tale which you can easily expound '. An answeare to all your other partes of yo"" letters you will finde in the inclosed and in the duplicate of my letter to Se- cretary Windebanke, wh*"'' George Can'e hath to shew you. Remember my service to the Deputy '^ ; shew him this letter, it will' from me, that he must tenir roide, and not suffer my gentlemen to grow insolent upon him, and that his old nile of moderate counsells will not serve liis turne in cases of this ex- treamlty ; to be a fine well-natured gentleman will not doe it, we are put by that warde : I cannot write to him now ; the best is, what is for one is for both. For love of Christ take order that all the money due to my Lady Carlile be paid before Christmas ; for a nobler nor more inteligent friendship did I never meet with In all my Ufe ; and send me as much as pos- f Dr. Neile. E The promotion of Bishop Williams to the vacant See — a compliment to the Puritans, which, however politic at that juncture, Strafford vvouljd abhor. h Wandsford. i A word appears to be wanting here. 222 sible you can, for ther will be use of all, and yet you must by any means make strelgbt w'^'' tbe Vicetreasurour ; a heavy task you \vill say ; I grant It, but who can help that will away. I must intreate both the Deputy and you to assist and advise Captain Rockley all you may; and soe, gentle George, farewell. Your ever most faithfull affectionate freind and cosin, Strafforde. Wentw. Nov. 5th, 1640. I am, God be praysed ! much amended in my health, albeit exceeding troubled with the stone, and have it now to begin my journey w"', but for all that I voide them w*^*" reasonable ease, and am very gallant on the matter. Albeit I doe not answere all your letters, in this strait wherein I am ; yet have I great use of them, and hope to live to give you more thanks for them then a few lines can express. To the best of my judgment we gaine much rather then loose. I trust God will preserve us ; and, as all other passions, I am free of feare, the articles that are cumming I apprehend not. The Inshe business is "past, and better then I expected, ther proofes being very scant. God's hand is w*'' us, for what is not w^e might expect to have been sworne from thence ? Con- tinue your letters, which are not ill bestowed upon me ; for I observe them, and have great use of yo'' advice, w"'' hath lielped me exceedingly. All will be well, and every bower 2^3 gives more hope then other. God Allmlghty proteet and guide us ! Sunday after dinner.. 27. Sir George RadchfFe to I AM sent to the Tower : the order is not yet de- livered to Mr. Weelks, -but It will be sent to him In the morn- inge. Mr. Denzlll Holies offers to goe to some of y'= Lords to- morrow mornlnge to get ther consent y* I may stay here, and the under-keeper (who useth me well) shall have the charge of me. Give me your advise. I shall be well here, and It will lesse affright if.y wife, then the noise of goinge to the Tower. But I much desire to see my Lo' '^ if were possible. But it woidd trouble me infinitely to see him goe away. If there be any hope still of comfort, I am for the Tower absolutely ; but if not, I am here. The Lieutenant is my friend ; there is a church, and places to walk in, on the other sides, precious w'** me ; and I feare it will be worse gettinge my libertie fro' that place then here. Advise, advise me. Could you not gett me y"^ opinion of 186. tomorrow mornlnge before eleaven at y" clocke : or earlier, if it wear possible. Saturday night 8th JVIay. k This is clearly acklressed to Lord Strafford, though, from caution, he is mentioned in the third person. 224 28. Lord Strafford's note. I THINKE it best you stay where you are, and let us see the issue of tomorrow. Gentle George, let me have your prayers to God for the forgivnesse of my slnns and saving of my soule. Meete, I trust, we shall in heaven, but I doubt not on earthe, Howbeit, all men living I should be gladest to spend an hour with you privately ; if that might be admitted, that might be comfort to me ; to see you at a distance but a trouble and disturbance. Sunday morning, 8 o'clock, 9th May'. 29. God's arm is not shortened, nor his bowels of compassion straitened ; but he knows what is good for us ; and out of his infinite mercy makes all things work for the best to them that love him. Happy are we if our light af- fliction, which is but for a moment, worke for us a farre more exceeding and eternall waight of glory. I am most confident that you have (and still doe) diligently examined your con- 1 The Earl was executed on the 12th of that month. 225 science and Avhole life past ; and by true repentance, and lively faith, made your peace with God in the l)lood of Clirist Jesus. Having judged yourselfo, you shall not be judged ; and yet chastened of the Lord, that you may not be condemned with the world. God make you conformable to our blessed Sa- viour in sufferings ; you have followed him iii many of the same steps ; you shall doubtless be gloiifyed w"' him. I shall account noe losse, if I doe now shortly attend yo'' blessed soule into the state of rest and happiness. But m hatsoever small re- mainder of tyme God shall vouchsafe me in this world, my purpose is to imploy it chiefly in the service of your children, the onely ineanes I have to testify my sense and acknowledgem"^ of that great debt of duty and thankfulness to your memory, w"'' I must be ever paying, but can never discharge'". I most hum- bly begge your charity to my wife, your blessing to my sonne> your pardon to myselfe, for all my negligences, ignorances, and infirmityes. The Father of Mei-cyes and God of all con- solation be your peace and everlasting comfort " ! m Very like the turn of thought and expression in those well-known lines of the Paradise Lost : " Which owing owes not, but still pays, at once " Indebted and discharg'd." ■ This admirable address, together with the answer, has already been published in Strafford's Letters ; but the palJietic spirit of sorrowing friend- ship, and still more the exalted strain of piety which it breathes, have induced me to reprint it. I recommend a serious pemsal of it to those wlro still affect to believe, that Religion at this period was confined to the Puritans. G G 226 30. DEAR GEORGE, Many thanks I give you for y^ great comfort you give me in this letter ; all your desires are freely granted j and God deliver you out of this wicked world according to the innocency that is in you. My brother George ^^ill come to you, and shew you such things as in this short tyme I could thinke of; imperfect they are, and therefore I wholly submitt all to be ordered as shall amongst you be thought most meet ; and if the debts cannot otherwise be dischardged, the lands in Kildare may be sold. The King sayth he will give all my es- tate to my Sonne ; sends me word by my Lord Primate. God's goodnesse be ever amongst us cJl, this being the last 1 shall write, and so blessed Jesu receave my soule ! I leave to your care y' you trusted ; that if you finde the es- tate will beare it, to raise y'' portions of my daughters, ac- cording as was intended by my will. This a true copy of my last to my I^ord, and of his to me. Geo. Radcliffe. Indorsed, My Lo. of Str. last directions about his debts and daughters portions. This the copy ; y" original is laid up w*'' other papers. Examlnat' p' me Hen. Watkins. ^27 31 Indorsed M. of Rolls. Cypher Mouosyllabllls. and 90. If 91. for 93. that 92. w"^'' 94. w^*^ 95. best 96. not 9^- doe. 98. have 99. will 100. All XI uUytyes from the figure 1. to 40. England 41 E. of Pembroke - - 65 Scotland 42 E. of Newcastle ~ - ~ QQ Ireland 43 E. of Holland - - ~ Q^ Ffraunce 44 The Duke of Lynoxe - QQ Spayne 45 Marquiss of Hamil' - 69 Holland 46 M^ Seer' Coke - - - 70 Irish Committ hi Ingland 4^ M^ Seer' Winde - - 71 Pri\7 Councell Ingl. - - 48 L-^ Cotthigton - - 72 Priv. Coun. Irrel. - - 49 S^ Arth. Ingram - - 73 Com. Revenue - - - 50 S"" Geo. Wentworth - 74 Com. Defective Titles - 51 M^ Secret' Mainwaring - 75 Committ. Plantation - - 52 The Bishop of Deny - 7^ The King 60 L'' Chan' of Ireland - 77 The Queen - ... 61 S'" Rob* Loftvis - - - 78 Archbish. of Cant: - - 62 His Lady - - - - 79 The Lo. Trea'rur of Ingl. 63 S"" E'' Loftus ... 80 L'lMartiall .... 64 The Countesse of Curlile 81 228 The L. Deputy - - - The E. of Ormond - - L"^ Matravers - - - M' of the Roules Ireland S-^ G. Raddiffe ' - - - 82 The Shipping business in 83 Ingl. . .... 87 84 Tunnadge and Poundadge 88 85 Warre 89 86 32. A specimen of a Cj^pher which seems to have been used by Sir George Wentworth, and decyphered in another hand. Scotch covenanting Ever since the zivaio Jubletgtaptn there hath remove Ea of Strafford his be great aymingto ylsubl Ig um zaygmmuyk. And upon op z fur his Majesty undertaking in yt busyness muy opz sgplzae there were some here ingage him worke olyl contriving to ptngnl ops in it, as a ready meanes to cuyql Ills mine Sir Jo (.'latwortliy, Parr opz vbptl : zpy Pu Irgacuyaoe, Wgyy and others were em- - into England Scotland to foment ployed ptau Itnrgtk and ziuargtk au mustlta things against him him witli people ops, & bring ops into dislike cpao ye wluwrl ; but upon the calling Pari in Eng igrrptn of the former wgyrpgslta pt Ita w"'' was dissonant to ye great ones ' E. Straf* judgem*^ ofnvlga utly, it was conceaved necessary that L Zaygni Lo Rannelagh S. C. Parsons Ad should bee present, and then ru ygttlrgno wgyzutz, &; z gh Luftus to Vane & M. Hamilton nmabs began to make addresses au bgtl s ogspraut afar off, 229 of wliom he ye zivaio mgliipiit they had assurance. At first to iiis-'S'" Kinploni only ye Avorke was au ptngnl him in that qptukusl, see to be ill Irflaiul Keepers Treasurers plaees free of him pt pyh-gtk, where ye gUvvlz & aylgzbylyz wrgilz of oft'ereil lum Parliament England were ummlylk ops, hut that wgyrpgslta was no sooner M Ham to break it resolved on but s ogs made it his resolution, auhylgq paw'^'^ by Vane great Ogtl hee did ; a thing easily done, himselfe and many nylga ones monopolyes peojile utlz beeing involved in sutuwurclz. Then M'as the wluwrl iivrageil E. StrafT sufficiently ptygnlk w*'' L Zaygmm, and hee put to a new his score upon his hee game, evry emptying opz ziuyl bront opz head, and oil money eren, Martial, ops, W^^ he deserved tua ga ops ogtkz. ogspraut, sgyagrv, and Vane procured Ran' into gtk bgtl -w^tiibilk his Ma' ** letters to biing ygttlrgno ptau England. WandesforJ's heart br. llnrgtk. Cgtklzmuvke ogya being hbuz with these things, make Parson; and Borlace Justices, and the labour was to sgql wgvzutz gtk hu^Tgz], pbzapilz, gtk L. Dillon this Lord exclude late r. kpntit. whilest aopz ruvk should have been, Ik'kou and L»;>uther tis aoous*d treason and huraut gtk nibaolv ogz giibzlum avlgzut, & soe on this the game the e^saminations side aol ngsl was sure ; Avhilest aol Idgsptgapulz were takeing and all gtk gTT Ntsible that could appeare, & noe probabihtv that raat- upon the article? ters woidd stow better, bx^tit aol said e:^ apirlz for them they would be proved fell into consideration (upon what thev knew cubrk hll v\yublk to two articles treason crime aa acu gyapirlz. which only were avlgzut), what the ivpsl was so-ld treason no law for fgz. Somezgpk avlgzut: others that there M-as tu rgc muv 231 it ettaat make ime for it. ' paldagta. Then wee will sgrl utl muy pa. Answered. Tlien be jiuli^cd by it. others will hi pbkiilk he pa. Nay, that may not be, says ano- I)erson:>ll only judsfc to .judse in>oiv it ther ; it must wlyiiutgrr utrc, & noe phknl au phknl hw ut pa in cases. rid him out of the pt other igzlz. That's hard, sayd others ; ypk ops uba um aol way by a potion vvliich was to worke it end cge he g wuaput, copio cgz au cuygl ya Itk in two or three businesses in examination. moneths ; for soe long Avill we kepe hbzptlzzlz pt Idgsptgaput. anotlier way. of the Noe, says gtualy ; not this cge. Are you sure um aol people. noyse complotting; wluwrl. Yes, was answered. Then teuzl upp some juswruaaptn Papists start up betAvixt him and the wgwpzaz, and zagya bw every weeke new against him; up the people. something tic gngplza ops ; and soe keep bw aol wluw rl. HameltoM, Marshall, Vane, Scoteh faction, ogspraut, sgyzogrr, bgtl, and the zivaio mgiaput, under- f'f Kinj; ^ to a dead taking to bring aol qptn right whenever it came au augklgk lift, _ his trial from the Kings rpma, if the other failed, keep ops ayegrr myns aol qptus Bench, by of his Peers. hltio he a selected number um ops wllylz. Let it be publike in Westminster Hall, Peere that pt clzasplzaly ogir, where note every one wllyl or other agoa mo>es, for him, and aftVont sublz, publickly or privately, muy ops, gtk gmmyuta them ; discredit, to his Majesty, from kpziylkpaa all that bring any thing au ops sgplzae myus L. Str. threaten Commons of England to zaygm, and aoylgalt them w*'' the jussutz um Itnrgtk au fall them for ^ with traytors. upon aols muy keeping correspondence cpao avgeaux. But Quiene tie olf; and how must the xbllrl hi brought um : doe you yourpart gtk leave the rest to Hamelton, Marshall, Vane, for zlgbl aol ylza au ogspraut, sgyzogrr, hgtl, &c. muy done so much ijiinst the hill; it will be, though never zii sbio gngptza aol oprr ; by these practice^ Stnif dispatched. Ills upon the \\^giapilz L Zavgm kpzwg-aiolk. And opz cannage bwut aol stage moderate and just meu, zagiil ha\"ing given full satisfaction to all suklygal gtk pbza sit, for most and see the carriiig'e of the buslnesse condemned niuy suza uniiiit. RanntiajU was S. G. Radc' to btpbza, vgttlvgno egs imploved au z. n. ygkii-jim au inlai^ment set his hand to a promise him ptrg\nilslta, &c. if hee Mould zla opz ogtk au g petition, acknowlevlciiig: his SHiilt ; if Ran wlapaput, git|tucrlknptii opz nbpra : pm vgttlrgno could have ht-e should have had or an Earldome gained tliis oil zoubrk ogbl ogk 5000/. uv gt Iguyrkusl for the feate. blemished Straf mlgal. And then thev ^ould ha%"e hrlspzolk L Zavgii], M"hich Kia^ !or Scotland only was their a\-me ; for qptu then designing muy ziuargtk the trt'.ch of their they « ere fearfull aol avbao uni this might have crossed aolpy wayes, they ^ upon them, cgelz, w'"*' aole thouguc then would be returned bwut aols, of the ScotSj and feareing then what would become \im aol zivaz, . gtk w "^"^ way thev incline Ecjlish Lords Gentry aole would ptirptl, soe many of the Itnrpzo zuykz and pltaye eve for the letter inTited into beeing mider their lei muv aol rlaaly that ptbpalk them ptau England. Romane Catholiks here by the Iturgtk. The ATxsgtl Igaourjjqz olvl were taken of he aol Oueene frora prosecuting, article xblltl myus w^uzlibaput, & that of the loth gvapirl was here by Ran' Parsons, to Fitzgarret, prepared olyl he vgttlrgno, wgvzutz, & sent au mpafngvyla, him Comittee. Parsons bimselfe to & bv ops given to the juspaall. wgvzulz expressed opszlrml au RannehijCh for now the Counaffht ygttlrgno that the bird was their owne, muy tue aol juttgno Plantations were , the Irish agents iu WTgtagaotz clyl in their power, w'^^ aol pypzo ggnltz pt 233 England and Ran - Loftus there llhrgtk opposed, gtk ygttlgrno & mmabz stood for aolyl g;reat proportions see exceedingly ; of these nylga wyuwuyaputz should have been shared to themselves and Marshall, zogyik au aolzlrblz gtk their undertakers, sgyniogn-, &c. Customs t\w hands of Parsons, The Ibzausz shoukl have been put into aol ogtz um wgyzutz, Ran, Say Vane should ygttlrgno, & rumabz, out of which zge & bgtl zoubrk have had Tohao Monopofy ogbl ogk 10,000/. The Anhgiiu sutuware should have been Hamelton's. Par-ons Earl of Wkklo, ogspraulz. AAgvzutz should liave been eg'/rl uni cpiqru, w*^** Sira you have that L. Zavffmmuvk avmed at. And here cub oi>bl aog'a w'^'^ z, Charles Coot Roscomon S. George iogjTlz Inna and ye late 1. j-uziussut told me z. iiluyn W'enlworth papers if thev had cltacuyao; and many wgvvlyz I should have had, pm aole ogk lived, to ha^■e i)ro\ed the same. rpblk, abundantly au ogbl wvnnblk aol zgsl. 5o. Questions upon the E' of Straftbrd's Defence! 1. Whether did not the Earl of ^trafForde sitting the Parliam' humbly desire and advise his Ma'"" might be pleased, by message to the House of Commons, to certifie his purpose to lay down ship money, and to give way the judgement in the Exchequer, might be reversed by writ of error before the Lords in Parliam'? And did not his jVIa*'" assent thereunto? H H 234 '2. Did not the said Earl likewise humbly move his Ma''" that his said offer to the Commons Howse ought not to be con- dic'cnedl, nor to insist upon twelve subsidies, but to put him- self upon ther affecc'ons for his supplv ? 3. Did not S' Henry Vane desire to understand liis Ma"''' pleasure, whether he would not take less tlien twelve sub- sidies ? And did not his Ma'^^ then rephe, he feared lesse would not serve his occations ? 4. Did not the said Earl of Strafforde humblv move there- upon, that his ]Ma"* would be graciously pleased to accept eio'ht subsidies ? Did not his 3.1a"'' assent thereunto ? And did not the said Earle sitting down (in your hearing) wish they ■^^■ould give but sixe, or words to that effect ? 5. A\'as not thereupon commission given to the said S' Henry Vane to signifie such his Ma*"'' pleasure to the House of Com'ons to accept eight subsidies ? 6. Whether had not his Ma"" declared his purpose for dis- solving the Parham'^ before the Earle of Strafford's coming into the Counsells Chamber ? And whether, upon his coming afterwards, did the said Earle humblv desire his Ma^''', that before his Ma"^ resolved hereupon, tliere Lo?^ there in Coun- sell misrht debate the same before his JNLi"", did not his Ma''* assent thereunto ? 7- Did not the Earl of Strafforde humblv move, that the opinion of such of the Counsell there p'sent, as were Members of the Commons Howse, should be heard, declaring he would 235 not adventure to deliver any opinion till he had heard them, and the reasons wherefore. 8. AVhat thereupon was the opinion of the bald S"" Henry- Vane ? And %\'hether had not he voted for a breatch before the said Earle gave his vote ? And in what words and manner did the said S'" Henry Vane express himself therein ? 9. Did not the said S' Henry Vane absolutely declare, that there was no hope the Com'ous Howse of Parliam' would give one penny, or words to that effect ? 34. s' GEORGK, . 2>dJuly, 1641. 'Tis something yet, in the midst of soe many dis- asters, that the fury of men is so much abated, as to give you respite to read letters from your friends. Among those, I am my particular engaged in the highest degree, to signifie (es- pecially on such opportunity as this), my most affectionate service unto you, who, being the only survivor now of those my greatest and nearest freinds, may justly challenge from me a united and trebled respect towards yourselfe. Our vessell hath perished in the storme ; but it will be a great mitigation of our losses, if you, that have, and are still tossed hi y" same '2S6 waves, mav arrive safe at the Pon, ^^hiL■h happiiiesse there is none doth attend ^\-ith more devout and fer\-ent desires then Your most aflectionate kinsman and servant, W. Rabt. °Alcinore, v° 3^ of July, 16-41. Sir George Hadcliffe. [^Indorsed by S'' G. B. Lo" Raby, re 13. 5. 41. My \\-ife and mvne answere 1641. July 3.]| 35. MY LORDE, 1641. It is nowe reported here, that the Kinge -v\il] be returned out of Scotland very shortly, and then I hope to have the honor to see v"" Lo^ ; for I conceive it most requisite that y"" LjO? should come to kisse his Ma'^-" handes : and as weU to give him thankes for his favours aUreadv confeired upon y'*, as to be an humble suitor for some things intended and pre- mised, but not vet performed. In the meane tvme, I send v" Lo^ herew'" enclosed a copv of the last entercourse v'^ passed betwene v' blessed father and me. The originall I kept bv me as a rcliq of greate esteeme. Therebv v'' Lo^ mav in part collect what duetv I owe to v'^ and v"" familv, and what in- terest v° mav iustlv challen2:e in me. both mv Lordes last o It appears that Lord Raby bad withdrawnhimself beyond seas, on the attainder of bb father, and was then at Elsinore. trust and my o\^ne detlicatloii of mysclfe to your service. \ou will not finde my name in any of the Grants that have lately passed from the Crowne for y"" Loi' benefit ; yet it was in all my Lord's directions ; nor shall y"" Lo'', nor any of his, ever want my most endeavours, indeed all that I am, or have, or can, to approve myself, my Lorde, Y"" Loi' most humble and most aflfectionate servant, G. R. Aug. 31, 1641. My Ld" Baby. 36. MY DEAR LORD, 1642. I HUMBLY thank y'' Lo. for y"" letter ; and for y'" civility, by S"" Tho' Mainvvaringe p, w*"'' his forgetfulnes had al- most lost, but he retrived a little before I received y"' I're. It is more then I ought to expect from y" : and therefore I beseech yo"^ LoP use yo'' fi'eedome of writinge or not writinge unto me without scruple or excuse. Though yet to y"" friends that are lesse obliged, the returnlnge of answeres to I'res is a ceremony w'''* the custome of the world hath made necessary, and seldome omitted w'^out being construed a neglect. But, for my part, I am so farre from tliinkinge so, as that I rather take it as an p Lord Strafford's Secretary, whose portrait appears, with tliat of his Lord, in the celebrated painting by Vandyke at Wentworth House. The expres- sion of both countenances is highly characteristic. Strafford appears to be dictating an angry letter, and Mainwaring to be affrighted with the contents. 238 argument of v'' confidence, y* y" doe not obsene such punctil- ios w*^ me. INIy Lc, I did not conceive that either of y'' uncle or aunt liid move vo'' Lo? to have vo*" •i : nor if thev had done it, were it to be fauhed in them. There are many causes why they may justly desire if it stand othen^ise w* yo'' Lo^'^ con- veniency, and the good of y'' sjsters ; and in truth I thinke my Lady Went^^•orth vers' able and fit to breed them. Yet I doe believe, that >•"■ sister Anne hath been persuaded to desire her owne li\"inge at Woodhouse, not onelv out of her owTie inch- nations (though also in paii), but by the solicitations of some others. One inconvenience there is, w'*^ I have not mentioned hitherto ; because it mav loose me the favour of some, and I well see not how for the present to help the thing. But my faith to vo'' LoP may conceipt y*" Lop hath need of friends, and the hope of vo'' alliance does make yo"^ Lo" consi- derable, and some persons of eminencv wil be ready to doe y" good offices in references thereunto, and some will be more un- wiUinge to oppose yo'' Lo'', least thereby they may draw others upon them, whom they are not wiUinge to ofiende. Mv Lo. Viscount Loftus hath printed his case, and therein set downe to the worlde y' y"" father concluded a marriage for yo'' Lo'-" with his grandchilde, w'^'^ he would make a reason why my Lo. y'' father was not a competent judge, beinge interessed thereby, and so a party. This I know, as much as a man can know of «! A word omitted. d negative, to be uiitnie : that (v.liat propositions soever were - formerly made) yet there was no conclusion nor agreement ' about any such thinge. Yet how farre this may seeme to be con- firmed bv M" A. Loftus her living at Woodhouse, and how much prejudice her being there is to vo"" Lo"", with all your mother's friends, and many others (who w ish vo' Lo"'' well, and some of them mav doe you good or hurt in many accidents w'*^ concern y"), y^ Lo? mav judge v'selfe : for my part, both I and others of y"" nerest servants doe very much apprehende it. And to confesse the truth to y'' LoP, this was the principall grounde w'^^ made me desire to desolve y'' family at Woodhouse; though I thought that the consideration of y"" profit, and the satisfaction of creditors (who looke strangely to see a great house kept there for two yoting ladyes, when no debts are paid, nor as vet so much as interest) w ere causes sufficient to per- suade it. And now, mv Lord, I have opened myself unto y", and I beseeeh v", let it be to v*" alone : all though I confesse I have said as much to S"" W'" Savile (and hee to mee) and to Air. Ravlton : and I conceive y* they are both of my miudc. I was in hope to have gained mv liberty, and had \^ raeanes to have w^aited on y" : but as the w orld goes, I may not move, but must expect w*'^ quietnes for better dayes and opportuni- tves ; therefore I wnrite that now briefly, w '"'* is not so fit for a letter ; but should have bene told y" by word of mouth more fully. I shall ever deale w'^ y'' Lo^' w*^ the same freedome 240 "w*^ I used to v"" father, and as I desire my best friends to deale w*^ mine. iSIr. Ravlton is verv dilifi^ent in v' busines : and there are few daves passe over him wherein he doth not some things con- cerning it. The Allomes, the rescusant revenue, the debts, Mr. Slvngeshyes accomit, receipt and payments of money, Farington's brangles (for so they are) and a v.orld of other little thinsres, doe make him more worke than a man that sees it not could well imagine ; indeed, yo Lo? hath no body that makes v"" business his owne, soe much as he doth : and it doth require a whole man. He deserves to be cherished and encou- raged; for, if he were not, yo''LoP would finde a great want of liim. Accounts doe much confounde him ; he will be very hardly tlra^v^l to undertake them. I conceive, the best way ^•ill be to make him an allowance for a man under him ; and so I hope he will continue it : some httle charge it will be to vo'' Lo but better so then much worse. If y"" Lo? approve it, I will treat with him. Greorge Carre is now readv to goe for Irelande, and he will waite on y"^ Lo? as he goes : I shall co'mende the case of y'' e%idences to him, to keepe or send them over, as he sees more or lesse danger. And here, mv Lord, I cannot hold, but tell you that I do exceedingly approve of y^ judgement ; as in ano- ther part I doe as much co'mende your respective affection to your sister, as a thinge w' " would extreamly have contented your lather, and does very much become y". 241 ]My Lo'^, 1 did ever believe y' report of w"^' I wTitt to Tho RadclifFe to be most vaine, and I am glad to have my beliefe so confirmed. I remember what yo'' Lordship told me, when y"was last herp,, cojjcerninge yo" carriage towards y*^ servants, upon occasion of something \v'^'' your uncle spoke ; and I dare trust your governm*^ of yo'"selfe therein. Tins a good occasion to strengthen y'' resolution, y" will naturally have stronge af- fections, leadinge you either to pleasure or anger. It is a veiy great part of true nobilitye, & wisdome, & pi^^ty, to moderate y'' passions, w'"'', y' y" may ever doe, God Almighty be y"^ guide and assistance. Y^ Lo. most humble servant, G. R. lOJunii, 1642. [Indorsed, Copy. To my Lo. of Strafford, 10. 4. 42, 1642. June 10th. G. R. Geo. Radcliffe.] II 24*i Letters from the Lord Deputy TVandesford to Sir George RadcUff\ GOOD COOSIX, Seeing my occasions are like to kepe me longer from vou than I expected when I left you, bv reason of my going to Charache to christen the vong sunne, which my Lady hath newly home ; I present vou with this hastv remem- brance of myself and service. I send you this enclosed from my.Lo' of Ormond, which I received this night. Father Roach and I drlnke your health hartily : he is a good Preist, I am certaine a good fellowe. I desire you presente my ser\-ice to my Lady, I hope by this tyme she is perfectly recovered. All q Sir CJiristopher Wandesford, who had been constituted bj- his relation- Lord Strafford, Master of the Rolls in Ireland, on the Lord Lieutenant's last return to England was made Deputy in his place. He seems to have been a man of lively and variable spirits, unable to bear his Lord's misfor- tunes, and the apprehension of his own, with the fortitude of Radcliffe. From an hint in the preceding cypher, he appears to have died of a broken heart duriog Lord Strafford's imprisonment 243 health and happyness to you both ! Tlie Vice Treasurer gave my Lo' a very noble entertainment. Farwell, your most affectionate Coosin and faithful servant, Chr. Wandesforde. Catherlo, March 26, 1636. 2. hon'ble coosin, We still complayne for want of your letters ; all we have of your journey is, that you left Chester on Whitsun Munday. All your friendes here (I thanke God) kepe there health : the Chiefe Baron is gone hoame to be cared for by his wife, after the fall out of his coach, whereof 1 advertised you in my last ; but he wilbe here shortly. We remember you every meale deuly ; therefor se you continue knocking still upon your trencher. My Lady and the childi'en are very well and chereful ; all things shall be done to kepe thom so, by my consent. I refer you, S', to my Lords letters, myne \A-ill be but drowlinge. The tow sisters are att Castle Jordan ; Sir Geordge come from them for the present, and is with us. I am angry with you that you have given me no more chardge over any thing that may concern your private, for I %vill burthen you w**" myTie, I warrant you that. I have given my Lo' Deputy a relation of my business of Edough ; teU me how you like itt ; 244 and deliver this I pray you to the Captayne att some fitt op- portunitv^e, it is not ment he should kepe it secret. You will se how fonvardly your Chaplain Harris hath engaged us, but ■we are come of upon the point of logike and philosophye, per- suading the poore Fr) ar (who ducked under the table for feare) tliat his learning was reported to be so greate, that there might be some dauiger of his overthrowing, with his scollers, the ant^ent grounds of logicke and philosophye layde by Aristotle and others ; but he seriusly afiirmed, that he intended uoe such thing, he only made use of Thomas Aquinas w^^out any newe pretensions of his ouTie. Well, Sir, God be ^^•ith you, and kepe you in healthe, and lett your friendes here from you : among them none desvres it more then Your most Eiffectionate coosin and faithfull freind, Chr. Waxdesforde. June 22, 1636. 245 - 3. GOOD COOSIN, Ip you pay me the 100^. as well as you discharged that which you call deht for my letters by this of yours, I wiU. profess you deale better with me than olde John did ; indeede, I hope you have bestowed your money weU ; the land, I thinke, is good ; I am sure it lyes in a good part of the cuntry ; much happinesse may yourself and others have of it. I have, by CaiT- well's consent, made an assignment of my recognisance to Al- derman Hoyle. Let me know what I am to require of Car- well, and I will procure it, if I can, for your satisfaction. I thanke you heartilye for your conference with Wells ; I hope att last it will come to your observation, for she will not part with her daughter into Ireland ; we will putt her to itt, George shall try his courtship, to loose the wench and gett the mo- neyes. Whatt I \\Titte of Mr. Carr, I protest, the man de- sen^es, and a thousand times more, for I holde him \er\ wor- thy of great estimation and incurragement. Is itt not a straundge thing you are so resened in your journeys ? All the worlde here knowes of my Lord's going to Court, and believes his Lo' cannot kepe his tyme att Chester. We are (by way of composition) to intreat to give his Lordship one moneth more yett ; and some feares your noble honor will come over first, and then they say, his L?' glory will be during pleasure. 246 T^Tieare are you no'i\ e ? Well, I "nisli you "v^'ell of the yellowe rocke, and then all is done ; and to say truth itt is hard you should stiike there still. Sir, you have a fyne life of this, for vour parte : you lyde up and do^^Tie, and takes your pleasure, eveiy bodye courts you, and here we are pushing in businesse all the day long. "^Miat we doe in the Cuutry my Lo. Deputy will tell you. Farewell. God send us a happy meeting! Yours, Chr. Wandesforde. To the Bight Hon. Sir Geo. RadcUffe, of His Majesties Privy Council in Ireland. 4. GOOD cosEN, i/j/ne 23c/, 1638. We nowe expect the good newes of your safe ar- rival, w"^^ v,i]l be most welcome to ever)- bodye here. I have enclosed that paper I mentioned ; if there be cause we may use itt. Give me leave to put you in mvnde of speaking to Mr. Rayleton about Mr. Bro\Mie's second pajTuent for the Potts, for his agents here have promised the moneyes shall be payde to ]\Ir. Rayleton out of hand ; you ^^•ill thinke fitte to quicken Mr. BroA^ne all vou can, for there is cause for itt. If the busyness of Idough come in vour wave, I am most con- fydent you m ill be m^-ndefidl of itt .; and if you can hansomlv learne whether certayne men, especiallv one Richard Butler, employed by the natives as agents, be attending upon Arundel House for a dispatch, or what Petition they have exhibited 247 Jlgainst me touching that husyness ; you shall doe me a favor to tell me what you hcare, for some incurragemeut they have, though I thinke without grounde. We here are as you left us. I do assure you we rememher you hartjiy ; and every tyme I waji:ed upon my Lord I offered his L^ to rememher you in a glasse of wyne to my Lady your ^A•ife. Honest Geordge, far- well. IVIy compliment is this tnath, that I pray for thy health and safe returne most hartyly ; and that I am and will ever he (as we promised one to another, without all vanity in words) till death Thy affectionate faithful cosen and freind, June 23, 1638. Chr. Wandesforde. 5. GOOD COSEN, June 3lst, 1638. I MAKE use of the first messenger that goes from us, hut, perhaps, not the first that may come to you, this will come so sloulye. We are all glad to hear of your safe arrival. By this tyme I suppose you will be ryddy to returne something to us. Since you w'ente no worde of petition from the Ch. though Carter brought his Lor^ the newes of the former letter, only the Lord Prymate from his L? desyTed to knowe of my Lo. Dep. what signification was come to his Lp^ handes for his enlargement ; it was ans\\^ered, when that was sented for in a fittinge way he should be resolved. Mr. Harpoll's cause 248 w as heard, and ordered, upon Thursday last, for the damages to be payde, for the first year, after olde Mr. Harpoll's death, by the 2 administrators of Dr. IVIetcahe, Sh Ed'^'^, and the other, whose name I forget, joyntly, but bv Sir E"^ alone for the reuialumg 4 years and a halfe ; at the latter parte after the rate of 300 per annwn, and after 250 for the first yeare, w ith abatement of the Kinge's rents. ^Vitlun 10 dayes the other cause about the maintenance and the rest will be heard : vou know what I meane. Was it not an inciNill part fur my Lo. Dep. to come to dyne with your wife at Ram^T^es, and she never newe a title of itt till his Lo. was within the court } and for all that there was nothing out of order for w^nt of notice. Then we remembred vou in vour o^^ne wntic, and shall be verv like to serve vou such another tricke. My cosen tooke colde that night vou \^ ent, -\\ hicb trubled her head for 2 or 3 daves. Sir Richard Scott not beins better since vou left him, the drums and o-uns wiU not suffer him to rest : to avovd the noyce he is gone to lodge with Sir Thomas Rotherham. The appearance and condition of the armv is in all respects to every man's satisfaction. JVly Lo. hath appointed since you went these newe oflicers : the E. of Ormond, Lieu.-Gen. of the Horse ; Sir Francis Wllloo;by, Sergeant-IVIaior of the Field ; Sir Ch. Coote, Ser.-Maior of the Horse. This last gave some offence to the 2 Presydents, that they being both Generalls in theire owne governmente should be commanded by Iiim ; but my Lo. Dep. instantly ordered it to theire fiiU contentments, 249 that all is well, by appointing them both to attend about his L*"^ person in the fielde, and to be subject to no directions but from his Lp. There is nothing else but ordynary. God kepe you in good helthe, and returne you safe and well to us agayne, w''^ no man living shall be more glad to see then, &e. &c. &c. &c. Chr. Wandesforde. Dublin, June 31, 1638. 6. GOOD cosEN, June 12, 1640. Yesterday, about 6 in the afternoone, Mr, At- turney ■" dyed. This morning my Lo. Lowther and myself per- used his will, by w*^'' yourself and we too are appointed execu- tors. The provysyon for his ladye we fynde to be as you related to me. We have given order, with the advice of my coosen your lady, for his decent buriall ; the further ordering of all thinges we shall reserve till your cumming. The pro- ceedings in the H. of Commons I have desyred my Lo, Dillon to relayte to you, by wh"^' you will fynde that (notwithstanding the good order you left them in) they grow worse and worse every day; nether hath these late debaytes concerning the declaration bene prosecuted by the Irish onelye, but those of r Richard Osbaldeston, formerly bencher of Gray's Inn, appointed to that office in 1636. K K 250 our owne partve (as we call them) have jo)Tied apparently with them ; forasmuch as Seijeant Sandbadge (one of the 5 appointed to dfawe the declaration) was left alone in his mo- dest opinion for the Kinge; the Recorder and .... joyning \^-ith the other side. This draught here inclosed is the same w"^ the House presents to me ; and as I understand upon a long debayte in the House, this day, the stjde of this is much more moderate than that other w*"^ was tendred to the House by that Comitte. jNIv Lo. Dillon, the Serjeant, and some fewe others, bv theire strong; contestation, in a Comittee of the whole House, obta%"ning this alteration to the better, I purpose to take t^nie tdl to-mor'we to returne them answere to their de- claration : and after I have ad>ised with the Councill in the niominge, to appovnt the whole House to come to me in the presence. The declaration itself, as it is penned, I do not think fitt to oive ^av unto ; and therefore I could have wished that I mi2;ht have spoken to the House before this was deh- vered to me as a thinc^e aojeed upon, w'^'' directions I gave to the Eang's couucell in that House this morning ; for no-\^■ I must ether break of this meeting in displeasure (and by that meanes hazard the tvmely cuming in of the subsydyes), or give wave to this ill presvdent ag-ainst the cro-uTie, ^^•hich is a thinge I mav not doe. Howsoever, they grow so intemperate that thev must and shall be dissolved one wav or other, and that upon ^Nlundav next. We nowe fjTide your absence in the House, and weare not the cause of the Kinge supported by my 251 Lo. Dillon, I know not what would become of us. I pray you communicate these thinges as you fynde opportunity with my Lord Lieu', whom I forbeare to trouble when you know how t6 represent thinges more seasonablye. God Almightye re- store his Lp to health ! Prayer is nowe aU the service we can performe. Yester night my Lo. of Ormond wrltt to me, to know whether he should goe now with the fote to Knockfar- gus. I called a counciU of war betymes this morning, and returned him answere, that itt was fitt, according to my Lord's first order, the Lord Presydent should have the care of y*^ army' untill either my Lo. Lieu, the Earle of Ormond, or the ^Master of the Ordnance, came thither. The Master would have gone nowe, but we staye him till the mimition be sente, wh""^ we resolve shall be there about the beginning of July, and then he must commande in chiefs there. Let us know how my Lo. Dep. takes this matter. My service to my Lo. Dep.^ the ladyes, and Sir G. Wentworth. Farwell. Your aflfectionate coosin and faithful ser\'ant, Chr. Wandesforde. Dubhu, June 12, 1640. ' Waudesford, I believe, was now Lord Deputy himself, but gave that style to Strafford, whom he had before called Lord Lieutenant, from inad- vertence and habit. GOOD coosEN, June 21, 1640. I A3I glad to heare you gott so tNTiiely and safely to vour journey's ende. The good newes of my Lo^ recovery bringes much comfort to us all. The Bishop of Deny % in the name of the Convocation House, was a sutor to myself and the Boarde since vou went away, that there might he a fast appointed here : this I undertook to advertise. I pray you &io-iiif\e his ^lajestie's pleasure to us, and what instructions shal bee performed then. I consulted the Bishop, as you ad- vised, conceniinge the actes w^'" passed ; and he assures me there is nothinge in them preiudiciall to his Maj- . It is not amisse you shotdd knowe that, after the Convocation here had appo>-nted the Archbishop of Tuam to precede to the execu- tion of the sentence against the Bishop of Killalo ', his suffragan, the Abp. shewed me a letter ^^titten by my Lord Primate in favor of the condemned B?, des\Ting the Abp. to suspend the execution of that sentence, in case he were required to doe it, before anv directions came from my Lo. Lieu' in the behalfe of the Bishop : and this Archb'' was desirous to have gavned some directions from me to that pm-pose ; but upon consulting it with the Boarde I refused to intermeddle in it, w"^^ answere I crave after I understode bv mv Lo. of Dem." that the execu- o ... t Brainhail. a This is the spelling of the original: but Adair was Bishop, not of Kil- laloe, but Killala. 25S tion of that sentence was directed from that syde. And nowe being in handc with B''% if you will reade a petition exhibited by the party himself, Chylde, to the Commons House, against the Bishop of Waterford ", you will, as all ci\'il men do here, blush when you see what stuff is in itt. The House appointed that petition to be delivered to me by a Committee, with this request, that I would put it in a legal course. That part of the army appoynted to mete here kept there tyme, and very neare theire number : no compliunt follows them. But some litel mistakes there be by some of the officers concerninge there voluntyres, av*"'' will be very easyly rectifyed ; and I hope this parte of the action accordingely will precede by my Lord's ap- pointment. Upon consyderation of the chandge, ether way, the Master of the Oi-dnance resolves (and it seems to me the better) that the munition be kept in the shipp still (for they have drawne itt all into one ship), and not brought into the magasine. To-moiTow they begin to ship the rest of the pro- v^'syons, which are yet in the stores, and will be gone soe soone as they can be ryddye. They have pressed 700 tunn of shipping for this service. Mr. Speaker hath most importu- nately moved me to take care of him upon this alteration that he may not be the Kinge's atturney ; this request is granted by me, and I hope you will see it performed. In truth, I never met with so serious and harty expression in my life as he used -^ Atherton — a disgrace to his order and to human nature. The story is too well known. 254 to avovde the place ; he gives me no reason but his debihtye to performe it, but what other ende he hath I know not ; in this I dare sweare, he is in earnest: I hope I may have Hbertye to secure him from this feare. jMv Lord ^Montcfomen" desires leave to transport his ladve hither, and deserves my paynes to procure his sute to my Lo. for he hath delt like a gentleman AA ith me : for %\ hen he moved me to do itt, at the same tjme he tould me, that Mr. Carr had alryddy signifj'ed my Lorde's pleasure that it could not be granted ; but I pray you knowe my Lo's resolution in this particular, and give me power to do it if his L^ grant the request. If it were a t^•me to truble you with personal obsenations, would you not think it sti-andge that in that debayte, wliich A^as often handled at the Board, conceminge this layte declaration, there was not above 3 of those gent" that spoke to the Deputye. I am obhged to doe exery man right. The assistance I hvL\e had from my Lo. Dillon hath bene performed with all constancye, and w^^ singular advantage to his jNIajestse ; for had he not struggled dextrouslve in the house after vou were gone for the Kinges honor, we had lost to much of that, or all the subsidyes. I thanke you for your intelhgence, I am glad you hope for mo- nyes. God increase my Lo. strength, and kepe you in health. Farwell. Your most affectionate coosen and faithfull freind, Chr. Waxdesforde. Dubhn, June 21, 1640. 255 8. GOOD coosEN, June 29, 1640. The condition of thinges here you will finde in mjne to my Lord Lieu*. I thanke you for yours of the 23d, and am glad my Lo. goes on in his healtlic, though I am sorry the cure is but slowe ; the freeing him from company is a good worke in vou. You \\ ill heare -what the Vice-Treasurer speakes of the slowness of cumming-in of monves. I thinke the care he hath of the revenne\\e makes him full as appre- hensive of the matter as there is cause. I prav you kepe vour worde for returninge as sone as you cann. I ^^ ill advertise the Bishop of Derry what you sav. Tlie Bp of Waterford is yett upon securitye : here be fewe Avho pitty him. I must Match that he have a fair and just proceeding, or else it \\ ill go the worse Mith him -^■. Good cosen, farv^ell. God send iis a happye meeting ! Your most affectionate coosen, and faithfull freind to serve you, Chr. Waxdesforde. Dubhn, June 29, 1640. y It is a part of Justice to protect the vilest Criminals either from being condemned, in the legal phrase of Scotland, " upon habit and repute," or from suffering by the effects of popular indignation. How different was Wandesford's conduct towards this wretch, from that of the Parhament to Strafford ! The one interposes to presene a man notoriously guilty from the effects of irregular zeal : the other procure a sentence of death to be passed on an innocent person, by encouraging the clamours of a mob. 256 After Wandesford's last letter there is a chasm, in the col- lection, of seven years. At the date of the first of the following papers, Radchffe had -n-ithdra^Ti himself into France ; and his Ladv, as the ^\'ife of a delinquent, was subsisting as well as she was able on her fifths. At the date of the second, she had undergone a short imprisonment, probablv on suspicion of being concerned in some plot of the King's friends. 1. We whose names are under^Titten, by vertue of the ordinance of Parhament of the Com'ittee for the seizinge and sequestringe the Estates of Definquents within the Citie of Yorke and Countie of the same, doe thinke fitt, and hereby doe order and allowe, unto Dame Ann Radclifte, v,-ife of Sir George Riidcliffe, Knight ; and Thomas RadclifiV, her son ; tlrie fifth p'te of the landes and estate of the said George Rad- cliffe, in the Citie of Yorke and Countie of the same, for and towards their mavntenance. And doe require the sequestrators there, and all those vthom itt may concerne, to take notice 257 hereof, and suffer the same to be enjoyed by them or their assignees accordingly. Dated the 24th of Feb. Anno Dom. 1647 ^ T. WiDDRINGTON. ThO. HoYLE \ 2. 15th Nov. 1650. By the Com'ite for the MiUtia of the County of Yorke. In reg:ard the Lady RadcHffe hath entered secu- ritie (according to an order made yesterday) to appeare before the Counsell of State, or the Mihtia of the County of Yorke, and shall acte nothing prejudicial! to the Com'on Wealth of z This and the following document are published merely for the purpose of showing how cruelly the innocent families of Delinquents were harassed by the unfeeling Ministers of Republican Tyranny. * Alderman Hoyle, " one of the Burgesses for York in that infamous long Parliament, who, upon the same day of the month of January, and as near as possible on the same hour of the day on which the Royal MartjT suffered the day before, took occasion to do that justice on himself, which the times denied him, by hanging himself at his house in Westminster." Drake's Eboracum, p. 172. On this occasion the Royalists failed not to apply the old distich : " Vive diu, felix arbor, semperque vireto Frondibus, ut nobis talia poma feras." 258 England ; iit is therefore ordered, that the Provost Marshall shall sett the Ladv RadcliflPe at hbcrtye. Ric. RoBixsox. John Savile. Fr Lascelles. Ra. Rvmer''. 3. .BROTHER, I UXDERSTAXD bv a friend in Eno-land, that Rie. Elmhurst is in suit with one Stewart, a sotish Inshman, ab*^ the JMannors of Colron and Fairburne ; and I imagine that may be the reason, Mhy he has forebome now a good Awhile to A\Tite unto me. So as right be done, it is not greatly material to me who prevailes in this suit ; in regard that I must pay them both their demands, what matters it A^ho be first paid : But it mav concerne you or vours to know how the case stands be- twixt Richard and me, because, next after mv sonne, y"" wife is heire to the lande. Thus therefore it is : when I bought these lands I had some money at my command in Ireland, which I *> One of the leaders in the Northern insurrection, called Farneley \\'ood Plot, A. D. 1 6f 3 ; in which year he was executed at York. I take this op- portunity of stating, in justice to the memory of Lord Clarendon, and even of Secretary Bennet, for whose posthumous reputation I aai much less concerned, that I am possessed of a MS. containing the Examinations of the Leaders in this Plot, which clearly justify the Ministry in clapping up Colonel Hutchinson, .the hero of a very popular modern publication, after the Act of Indemnity. 259 • was desirous to bestow in England. But for the present, wanting in England some parte of what 1 was to pay Alder- man Hoy le for Coulton, Ric. Elmhiirst procured for me 2000^. and some odde money ; -w''^ he might the more willingly trust mee w*'', because I had moneys in Ireland, out of which I could repay this debt in a very few moneths. In the mean tyme I was content, and gave order that these two mannors should be bought in his name, joined to another friend, whom I named for myselfe : so as the moyety thereof shoidd be secu- nty for him, as well for that summe of 2000/. and odde moneys, as alsoe for whatsoever other debts and accompts (as there was one considerable accompt) for which hee stood engaged for me and as my surety. Besides, in recompence of his former service I promised to procure for him an office in Yorke, which I made accompt would coste me 500/. When 1 came into Ireland, after the purcliase of Coulton, my Lo. of Strafford made me join with him in a bargain whereof my parte cost me 17,500/. (a bargain which, if the tymes had been good, was likely to have been of great advantage ; but these troubles in that kingdome have occasioned me losse more then I am willing to mention). This occasion took up all my money, and brought me into a great debt, w'"'' presseth me to this lioure : yet I was the less troubled for Ric. Elmhurst, because I knew he was w ell secured ; and therefore providinge for suche debts as were like to urge me more, I never paid unto him any part of the forementioned 2000/. and odde moneyes ; but I still justly owe it, neither have I cleared myne '260 accompt for w"^*" he is bouiide, nor satisfied him that 500/. w^^ I was to have laved cute for y*^ office, or iu case the office could not be had, he v\as to have the money ; for all w^'* he hath not, nor ever had, anv other secuxitj^ than the moyetyes of the mannors aforesaid. I confesse that I have not bene fully satisfved with his estraneo;'in£: himself from me these late yeares ; vet, having formerly trusted him much, I never found him but an honest man : and I -s^-ill not believe othermse of hira till I see the contrary. However it becomes me to doe him and all them rl2:ht, w^^ is the reason whv I wTite thus much to v", not knowin^e how soone it mav concerne vou ; for I finde age and infirmitvs come fast upon me, increased ■with want and many crosses, W^ dayly put me in mind of my mortahtv. Mv sonne hath his healthe reasonable well, I thank God I yet he is not of that strength of constitution w"^ I once hoped for; for since his coming into France he was much inchninge to a consumption : some remedy he hath found for it, but we are not whollv freed from that feare. I shall be verv glad to heare of my sister's good health and y"^. I pray y" co'mend my love and service to her, and God blesse all v"^ children. Your very affectionate brother and ser\"ant, Rouen, tV Mar. 1644-. Geo. Radcliffe. For Mr. John Hodgson", at Beeston Parke, neere Leeds in Yorkshire. e John Hodgson, of Beeston, com. Ebor. gent compounded for 340/. He is buried in Beeston Chapel, in the parish of Leeds, where a monu- ment to his memory still remains. 26\ 4. £A Monsieur Monsieur Le Chevalier George Radcliffe, a Paris.] SIR, April 1, 1655. I WAS willing to expect this last post from Hol- land before I answered y'' of the 25 of March, but I have now received myne brothers letters by this post, therein he adver- tized me that bee doth not yet see any provision for the pay- ment of that money in Holland, but thinkes I should rather endever to git myn*^ satisfaction heere, w''^ enforceth mee to have recourse to my Lord Hatton and yourselfe, and to desire you both to take some present course for the paym* of the money either at Paris or Seize ; for truely I have now noe hope to gett it in Holland, since it appears that Mr. Webster hath no order, or at least noe money to satisfy it there. I shal hartely wish the king al prosperity in his affairs, and ever remaine, S"", y'' aifectiond servant, GuiLL*" Scott ^ At JRouen, the 1 of April 1655. d Dutch, e I suspect this person to have been of the family of the Scotts of Buc- cleuch, one branch of whom fixed in Holland ; and, in the person of ApoUonius Scott, rose to considerable rank in that country. Bishop Burnet married, while in exile, a daughter of this branch. Q6^ o. SIR, - April 15, 1655. Y" of the /'''' of this moneth was not delivered unto mee before v* 13. All that I can sav in answer to it is this, that you have all the reason in the world to expect y*' monev ; that v" ha vine; g-iven us the time w*^*" we desired, I cannot presse vou anv farther. I am not able to pave the monev mvselfe ; but I am and ever will bee ready to leave my body in pawne to lye in prison untill I procure for vou fidl satisfaction. This I tould you at first, and this I will make jTood, beino; well assured that either the hinge*^or some other of my triendes will find meanes to disengage mee ere it bee longe ; and upon this confidence I oflPered you mv bonde when it was not required of me ; for seeing you lent the monev w^^ soe much kindnesse, and soe seasonablv in respect of oure wants at that time, I shal cheerfuUv submitt mvselfe to anv extre- mity rather than y" shall loose one farthing by us. Y" may bee sure that I shall not faile to soUicite my fi-iendes herein ; and I have that assurance from them, that I cannot doubt but * It is evident tVom the mention of the King's name, that the large sum for which Sir Georce Radcliffe nas harassed, had been borrowed for his Master's senice. It was, in all probability, the immediate cause of his death ; for I can assign no ether reason for his journey to Helvoetsluys, where he died, but an anxiety to settle this affair. Old paralytic constitu- tions are little able to endure leng journeys and change of climate. V the money will come, allthoxigh much weightier business hath soe taken up their thoughts of late, as hath occasioned some delay of this. Whensoever y" call on mee I will yield myself y' prisoner, and shall ever acknowledge your past kindeness unto y*" affectionate servant, G R. Paris, April 15, 1655. 6. f A Monsieur Monsieur le Chevalier Ratcliff', Gentilhome Anglois, a Paris.J SIR, May 20, 1655. Your first I'tre (w'^ had one inclosed in it from Dr. Hammonds) that you were pleased to honour me with, I never saw ; the miscarriage I heartily regret, as \\'ell for the losse of such a- testimonie of y"" favour, as for that w'*^ came from my soe vvorthie friend. Your last of Apr. 30 I received on Tuesday from Mr. Hardeing, who could not readilie tell me how it came to his hands ; but the opinion hee most cnclined to was, that he had it from Dr. Creighton''. I am now^ at Am- sterdam for the endeing of that affaire, and have finisht it in this manner : the money is paide to Mr. Everard Scott, the s RaclclifFe always stootl well with the Church Party; and I rejoice in the discovery that he numhered Dr. Hammond among his friends. ^ Afterwards Bishop of Bath and V^'ells. 964: bills of protest and the bills of exchange takeu in, w'^^ is, they say, as ample discharge as anv can bee. I shewed IVIr. Bridgeman', a skilful and honest gentleman, to whom I have been much obliged for his helpe in this business, what y" writt ab' an acquittance to bee attested bv a publique notane'^; and hee ad\ised mee that I should not presse ^Lr. Scott for a discharge soe unnecessarie, that being not see well understood here amongst the merchants of this place as itt is usuall in Eno;land. and besides, because if Mr. Scott should intend to deale ill, which hee is not like to doe, it would not bee in his power : nott onhe because the taking in of these bills is a dis- charge sufficient, but likewise because ]Mr. Bridgman has en- tered the payment into a booke of pubUque recorde, from whence proofe mav be sought at anie time if it bee needful. This opinion jNIr. Bridgeman was soe constant in after my moveins of v"" desire more than once, that I could not contest the matter ; but if after all the Lord Hatton and vou bee not satisfyed upon the least notice given to him, hee ^^-ill procure you any satisfaction that vou wish. I suppose vou have heard how my pretty deare master has been usd here by the States of Holland ; they passed an order for the sending him out of thejTe dominions ; and Frydav last he bes^nn his iournev for Coloa;ii. I stavd behinde in order to mv goinge into England, where I have had busi- » Afterwards, I suppose, the Lord Keeper Bridgeman. ^ Something waDting. ness this lono- while, and have this season allowed mee aa the fittest to look after it. About the ende of next Meeke, perhaps, I shall goe, and returne soc soone as I have finisht what I goe about. If there or any where else 1 nieete w"" the opportunitv, I shall always bee willing and glad 'to performe the offices of Y"" most humble and most faythful serv*, ' R. LOVELL^ Amsterda, Mcnj'-lO, 1655. Be pleased, I beseech you, to present my most humble ser- vice to my Lord Hatton. 7. [For Mr. RadcUffe.] COZEN, ' June 2'J. You doe mee but right in beleeveing mee much concearaed for y'' father's death, w*^** I should sooner have con- doled w*'' you, but y' I apprehended adding to yo'' griefe by mentioning it too eai'ly. I beseech you convey this enclosed to yo"" mother, and doe me y*" favour as you at any time passe J Tutor to the Duke of Gloucester, " an honest man," as Lord Claren- don calls him, " by whose means the Duke was well taught in the learning fit for his years, and well instructed in the principles of Religion." Hist. Reb. vol. III. p. 409. M M 966 into Yorkshire to lett us see you heer, where you will find a real welcome fi'om mv Lord, and cozen, ,fp Y' very afl'ect'at cozen, and humble servant, An>'e Rockixgham"'. I beseech von present mv sister Arabella and mv Lord's senice, with mine, to niv cozen Trappes. Mv sister and my Lord are vo' servants. m Lady Anne ^\'entworth, eldest daughter of the Earl of Strafford, mar- ried to Edward Watson second Lord Rockingham, through whom Went- worth. Woodhouse, and tlie other unsettled estates of the family, de- scended to the late Marquis of Rockingham, and from him to the present owner Earl Fitzwilliam. 26? THE Series of Letters which a fortunate discovery has enabled me to lay before the Public being now closed, it re- mains that the principal facts which they allude to be con- nected by a short narrative ; and that the subject be completed bv such particulars relating to the life of Riidclifte as have been deri^ ed from other sources. The sudden and not vcrv a-raceful conversion of Wentworth from a Patriot to a Courtier, opened new views ujjon his friend, and may be considered as a new aera in his life. This was one of the last, and undoubtedly one of the most important services which Buckingham" rendered to the King, for whom by this bargain he acquired in the place of a dreaded leader of opposition, not only a bold and able counsellor, but a faithful and affectionate friend. Happy would it have been for Charles, I will not say for the king- dom, had he known how to meet these qualities in his servant with a merited return of consistency and courage : it would have preserved himself, but it might have been the ruin of the Consti- tution. The first fruits, however, to Wentworth of his master's favour were a Barony, and soon after a Viscounty, with the Pre- " Strafford's Letters, Appendix, p. 430. Q6S sidencv of the Court of York. This last w as probablv the uait ■which caught him ; for Ainbition, bv which I would be uu- derstood to mean rather a love of power than of rank, was the ruling passion of this great man ; and as he was not yet supe- rior to provincial consequence, and had alreadv been engaged in several competitions with his neighbours in \ orkshire, an offer of elevation, on his native soil, from the rank of a Country ^Magistrate, a Sheriff, or at most a Knight of the Shire, to a station equivalent almost to the \ ice-rovaltv of a kino-dom, could scarcelv be resisted, while the exercise of it seems to have had too powerful an efi'ect on a mind naturally elate and imperious. This Court, which upon examination appeared to be grounded upon an ordinarv commission of oyer and terminer, under the Great Seal of Henry VIII. was originally a legal and constitutional tribunal, constituted for the rehef of that distant part of the kingdom from vexatious attendances on the courts at Westminster °. But though the de-\-iations of suc- cessive Presidents from the rales of common law. or rather their usurpations of illegal power, had been uniformly pro- gressive, yet the general equirv and substantial justice of their proceedings had been sufficient to prevent any general cla- o Lord Clarendou's Hist. Reb. vol. I. p. ISS et seq. See also his Speech on this occasion in Rushworth, vol. IV. pp. 230 — 231. And in LcrJ Clarendon's Life, vol. I. p. 12S, a curious account of the treatment he received at York from an Attorney of this Court then lately abolished. 2Cy9 inour, and at tlic same time to permit the gradual formation of a vast ami unlimited body of authority: — The common law^jers alone seem to have been a\\ are of the growing evil. Wentworth, who was not of a temper to confine himself in all cases within the limits even of ancient .and established laws, \^as still less disposed to tie himself up by the cob- webs of " modern instances ;" and accordingly, under his ad- ministration, the Court of the Lord President of the North became more arbitrarv in its proceedings, as well as more of- fensive in the temper and tone Avith which it was conducted, than it had been under any of his predecessors. To the Gentlemen of the Country, who had lately considered themselves as his equals, the harshness of his manner, which indeed was natural to him, gave frequent oiFence ; and to this cause perhaps (as the Northern Members in the Long Parlia- ment were the bitterest of his prosecutors) may ultimately be ascribed the loss of his head. Radcliffe, who, having been conviiiced by the same logic which converted his master, had now become a prerogative lau^ er, was constituted the King's attorney in this court, and to him of course must be imputed whatever of exorbitant jurisdic- tion w'as there exercised in form, as the original contrivance and suggestion of it ought to be ascribed to Wentworth. Let me not, however, be misunderstood to mean, that, under their administration, the Court of York was ever perverted to the purposes of known injustice. They had both an exalted sense 270 of abstract right, but were too stronglv inclined to the distri- bution of it according to maxims and principles of their own. Here, however, Wenruorth laboured to conciliate those Avhom he had frequentlv occasion to offend, bv the most popular of all virtues, disinterested hospitalitv, ha\-ing enclosed a noble park from the neighbouring forest of Gaitrees, and keeping almost an open house at his ow n expence for suitors of i-ank and quahtv. In this situation he remained somewhat more than two yeai's, when his appointment to the office of Deputv of Ireland introduced George Radchffe, together with Christopher Wau- desford, of Kirklington, a common friend and equal relative of both, to verv public and ele^"ated stations in that countrv. Radcliffe was consrituted Principal Secretary-, an office -nhich has always been regarded there as equivalent to Prime ^Muiis- ter ; and Wandesford became in the first instance ^Master of the Rolls, aftervsards one of tlie Lords Justices, and lastly Lord Deputy, in v.hich station he died (the cruellest of all deaths) of a broken heart. Here the province might be said to be made for the nilcr, and the ruler for the pro\Hnce : Ireland, half conquered, half ci\-i- Hzed f, misgoverned bv some former Depviries, and never com- P The general state of the Country at this time may be inferred from the Hinutes of certain Bills intended to be offered in Strafford's first Parliament, viz. " For resu-aining the barbarous custom of ploughing by the tail (which is still continued), of pulling the wool off hving sheep, burning com in die 271 pletely governed by any, required a strong and decisive hand not over-solicitous about the forms of law, but anxious for the maintenance of order and the general welfare of the country ; and such, precisely such a Governor it found in Wentworth. 1 1n a few years he paid off a debt of 80,000/. ; returned out of his province, which had long been a dead weight upon Eng- land, a clear yearly revenue of 60,000/. to the crown; recovered to the church half that sum from lands which had been leased out by bishops and chapters ; for every tun of shipping, which he found, left at least 100 ; increased the trade of the country in proportion ; suppressed smuggling ; but at the same time - compelled the merchants, while he secured them from pirates in the navigation of the neighbouring seas, to pay their cus- toms to the utmost ; — and indeed, uidiappilv, conducted his whole administration In a temper suited to times which reverenced authoritv, and knew how to be thankful for mea- sures of rough beneficence ; at a period when mankind \\oul(l straw, barking standing trees, forcing cows to give milk, and building houses without chimiiies." The nature of the last offence but one, I do not understand ; but the whole enumeration proves that the common people must have been cruel, mischievous, and filthy in the highest degree. I have no where learned the fate of these extraordinary Bills. Strafford's Letters, vol. I. p. 291. '1 For all these particulars, and many others equally honourable, which an age almost universally unjust to 'this great man's memory has thought proper to forget, see Sir George Radcliffe's Essay towards a Life of Straf- ford, Appendix to Strafford's Letters, p. 434. lio lonofer lie si'ateful for anv thiue:, ^^^ XxvA resolved not to be governed at all. According-lv his reward for all these national benefits was an impeachment in another kingdom ; and lie was accused of levving war upon the King, for having in the King's service quartered a seijeant and four soldiers on a man who refused to pav his taxes ! But, to return — Under this administration RadclifFe had ample scope for the displav of his talents as a man of business and activity : for if Wentworth were the head, he was the right hand ; almost all the details of g;overnment beings conducted bv him. Imme- diatelv on the Lord Deputv's arrival in Ireland, which was about the 1st of August 1633, he petitioned the King to issue letters that ]Mr. Radchft'e might be sworn of the Council, " there beine; manv alreadv at that Board almost as far beneath him in the State as they are in parts and understanding ^" The A-igour and activitv of Wentworth could not sleep, for on the third of the same month, it appears, that Radcliffe, by his directions, prefeired and enforced a charge against the Bishop of Kilfenora' before the Priw Council, " for that his IMajestv did disdain to have his jusidce to his people and liis religion to his God to be arraigned in so mean a kind by any subject. ' ^Miat was the nature of the charge I have not been able to learn : but Laud, in a letter to the Deputv, interceded r Strafford's Letters, p. 100. « Ibid, pp. 97, 114, 115 273 for the poor Bishop, who had «Titten " a very pitiful letter^" to him, and here the matter seems to have dropt. To\\ards the close of the same year RadcUfFe received the order of Knighthood, imder which style he first appears in the following honest testimony from his friend when writing to the Lord Treasurer Weston : " On my faith there is not a minister on this side that knows any thing I either write or intend, except the Master of the Rolls and Sir George Rad- cliffe, for whose assistance in this government and comfoit to myself amongst this generation, I am not sufficiently able to pour forth my humble acknowledgments to his Majesty. Surely I were the most soHtary man without them that ever served a king in such a place." " - t Very " pitiful letters" indeed the Bishops were frequently constrained to write under Strafford's administration. But, in truth, many of them had been very blanieable in granting leases, either for the enriching their own families, or to serve their Patrons, the great Lay Nobility ; so that the value of many Sees was almost sunk to nothing. In return Strafford, though a friend to their Order, treated their persons with very little respect. Take his own account of a conversation with one of them : " I told him roundly he had betrayed the Bishopric, that he deserved to have his Rochet, saving the dignitjf of his calling, pulled over his ears; and so warmed his old sides, as I made him crave pardon." Letters, p. 170. — On another occasion, being offended with a certain Dignitary for his behaviour in Convocation, he promoted him, as a punishment, from a wealthy Deanery to a very poor Bishopric; when, to his infinite vexation and disappointment, the new Prelate, who, it seems, loved rank more than money, expressed his grati- tude to the Lord Deputy in the warmest terms. , . In 1634 StrafFord, bv the King's command, summoned a Parliament, A^liich he opened in person with regal state. Of his conduct to the young Earl of Ormond at the opening of this assembly, a story is told bv Carte in his Hfe of that Xo- bleman, on the authority of Sir Robert Southwell, which reflects more honour upon Radcliffe than the Lord Deputv. It is this — Strafford, it seems, aware of the high spliit of the Irish nobUit\, had required that they should deliver their swords at the door of the House of Lords to the Gentleman Usher. To this indignity Ormond positively refused to sub- mit ; and on being urged by the Usher with some rudeness, to complv, told him. that if he had his sword at all he should have it in his guts. The Deputy was highly incensed, and havins: sent for Ormond, rated him for his disobedience. The Earl pleaded the \\Tit bv which he was summoned to appear, gladio cinctus : Strafford was perplexed, but not appeased ; and havino: dismissed the Earl, consulted with Radcliffe whether he should crush him at once bv an act of mere power, or win him to his service by applauding the courage and consistency of his behaviour. Radchffe generously recommended the latter course, and bv that means was the instrument of securing the fideUty and active services of that Nobleman to the Crown during the remainder of his davs. Such is the story, of which I can only Avish that it had the merit of tnith ; for on turning to the record of this parliament I find that Ormond" carried the sword of state before the De- » Strafford's Letters, vol. I. p. 285. 3/5 ' puty, and was therefore in a situation where no such contest could have liappened. In 1638 Radcliffe found leisure to \-islt his friends in Eng- land, where I meet with the following trait of his character, which shews that, though in general a man of grave deport- ment, he was not averse on some occasions to temperate con- viviality. In a letter from Mr. Gcrrard, Master of the Char- ter-house, the writer infoi"ms his correspondent, that he had supped with Sir George Radcliffe, who bid him an hearty wel- come; " and I never saw a better good fellow in my life"." This was a time, however, for more serious business ; his visit to Enjrland having been intended for the King's service at the breaking out of the Scots' Rebellion, toA^ards the suppression of which, or, as he 'expresses it, " to put the Scots into their riffht wits," Wandesford and himself each subscribed 500?. and Strafford 2000/. Returning to Ireland Northwards', pro- bably in order to attend to his own concerns, he brought a mes- sage from the King to Sir Edward Osborn, Vice-president, to muster the forces of the countv of York^. In the following- year he returned once more to England ^ ; and as Strafford's economy had enabled him to supply his master's necessities, a circumstance Mhich probably had never before happened, X Straftbrd's Letters, vol. II. p. 180. }■ 111 a letter, dated July 24, 1638, Lord Clifford expresses his regret Uiat Sir George Radcliffe did not return by Skipton. » Strafford's Letters, vol. II. p. 193. » Ibid. 325. out of that countrs- '', I find him taking- order for the pavment of the Soldiers at Penritli trom that fund. — This was in Mav. ml In the month of Julv he crossed the Iiish Channel once more, and remained at his post till the inipeaclmient of his master, when he was sent for bv a messenerer of the Commons to London, and committed to the custody of the Black Rod on a vague and indefinite charge of High Treason ". The political guilt or Innocence of RadcliflFe is so completely identified with that of Lord Strafford, that it becomes neces- sary" in a work consecrated to his memors", to investigate the grounds of that imexampled process by which the latter was sacrificed. ^Mienever the Parliament of England, either in subser- \ience or opposition to the Crown, has been induced to de- part fi'oat its leg-islati%e or judicial character as singiv and diitluctlv employed, and bv biUs of attainder to exercise a motlev and inconsistent jurisdiction compounded of both, it may mdeed have sometimes happened that the hand of Justice has thei-ebv been enabled to overtake offenders A\ho would othen^ise have escaped with impunirs-, while innocent but unpopvdar men have more frequently been sacrificed to tlie prejudices and outcry of the day. It is a melancholy fact, and not very honoturable to human nat\ire, that great bodies of. men will, in their collective capa- ^ Ireland, which had be«n a sponge to draw, ecc— ^Lord Clarendon. ^ * Rushwonh. city, occasionally venture upon a conduct of which almost every individual among them acting alone and independently Mould be ashamed. Would Pym, for instance, or Vane, or Hampden, sitting by themselves as Judges, have directed a Jury to find Straflord, had he been a commoner arraigned of the same offences at the bar of a county court, guilty of High Treason ? Nay, would any twelve of the most inveterate of his enemies, impannelled as a jury, have dared to pronounce such a Verdict ? But Defendit numerus Junctceque umhone phalanges. Moreover, in seasons of popular agitation, the greater the body, the higher will be the degree of political fermenta- tion of which it is capable. The voice of Conscience is stifled in the cry of Party. Fears and jealousies take place of enquiry and evidence. The leaders hope to drown their guilt in the multitude of their followers ; the followers shelter themselves under the authority of the leaders ; Necessity, the tyrant's plea, sanctifies every iniquity ; arid the act of five hundred men, instead of belonging to every individual in the number, is accounted the act of none. If ever these truths were practically exemplified, it Avas In the instance of this unhappy Nobleman. In order to hunt him down, not only every maxim of English law, but every principle of natural equity, was laid aside. The facts chargec* upon him as High Treason might as well have been denomi- 278 iiated Adiilten''; and because the Parliamentary Leaders, aided bv some of the ablest and most miprincipled Lawvers of their time, found a total defect both of guilt and e\-idence in the case, thev had recourse to a Law which should define a crime after the fact, and to a Bill of Attainder which was professedly to ground itself on a deficiency of legal e\-idence. But Strafford was a dangerous Counsellor. Perhaps so. Nay more : let it be granted that, both in the Court at York and in the Administi-ation of Ireland, he had done many harsh and arbitrai'v things, while in the lat- ter he had it still in his power to do more ; yet, after all, the House of Commons possessing a constitutional mode of redress, could have no plea for resorting to such an atrocious deed as the takinir awav of his life. They might have presented a strong Petition to Charles (and they were already beginning to be acquainted with strong lan- guage in their addi*esses to their Sovereign) to dismiss so dan- gerous an adviser from his councils for ever. — But the King would have refused. — Still the le^al remedv was ^\ith the Parliament : the King was distressed for monev, while they held the purse-strings of the Nation, and, bv refusing the sup- plies, tliey could have enforced their demand. This \vould have been the severest course which anv House of Commons would ** I adopt a strong expression used by one of the Parliamentary Lawyers in the case of the Eleren Bishops. 279 liave pursued in the most factious period of the present reign. But the Leaders of the Long ParHament ^^•ere men of blood. "Stone dead," said the Earl of Essex, " hath no fellow;" and the Solicitor General St. John threw ofiF the mask, when he avov.ed that Strafford must be knocked on the liead like a wild beast. For this purpose, they very consistently betook themselves to the absurd principle of " accumulative treason*^." I call it absurd, because in Jurisprudence, as well as in Nature, ^lie aggregate mass can be no other than homoge- neous with the materials of mIiIcIi it is composed ; and there- fore to comphciite a treason out of a certain quantum of misde- meanors is no less irrational than to declare, ex post facto, that ten petty larcenies shall constitute a burglary, or twenty frauds a forgery, and then proceed against the offender accordingly. e The distinction between accumulative and constructive treason, of which it is no wonderthat it should be mistaken by ordinary writers, when it is overlooked by Blackstone himself, is well defined in the Preamble to the Act for reversing Lord StraffM-d's Attainder : — " Whereas Thomas late Earl of StratTord was impeached of High Treason, on pretence of endea- vouring to subvert the fundamental laws : and whereas the turbulent party then prevailing did at last resolve to attempt the destruction of the said Earl by an Act of Parliament to be therefore purposely made, to condemn him upon Accumulative Treason, none of the pretended crimes being Treason apart, and so could not be in the whole (if they had been proved, which they were not) ; and also adjudged him guilty of Constructive Trea- son, that is, le^ying war against the King, though it was only a com- manding an Order of the Council Board in Ireland to be executed by a Serjeant at Arms," &c. 280 But the justice of the Long Parliament was of too exalted a uature to be tied up by the musty precedents of inferior comts ; regarding- the end, the leaders^ of that body nobly despised the means ; and, foreseeing that the impunitv of Strafford would be their destruction, and that his ruin would be fol- lowed bv that of his jMaster, thev were no such puny ca- suists as to suffer either law or conscience to stop their course. In this thev judged ^^^sely. ' Strafford would have gone to v^ork with the five Members in another manner than Lord Digby and his ill-advised JMaster : Law and Prerogative united were vet strong enoug-h to have crushed them. These engfnes, which the Court had unskilfully disjoined, he was piu'posing to combine anew ; but his enemies had the start of him bv a few hours only ; and it was only the sacrifice of his head \^hich preserved theirs. On the whole, the Lono; Parliament were craftv enough to lay in a stock of popularity by beginning plausibly and well. Bv lopping those deformed and unsightly branches which in a course of ao-es had g-rown out of the fair trunk of the Enp'lish Constitution, they prepared their countrvmen to look on with- out suspicion while the axe was laid to the root. The IVIarshals Court, and that of York, the High Commission, and the Star- chamber, were aboHshed M"ith the approbation and assistance of many wise and excellent men, who afterwards became the firmest adlierents of the Crown. But from this point the two f In the foregoing paragraph I must be understood to speak of the Par- liament collectively — in the present one, of a few factious leaders. 281 parties changed sides, and every subseqiient act of the Com- mons was an attack upon the Constitution, which converted Charles at once into the defender, not of his own rights only, but witli them of the rights of his people. As this is a light in whic^i tiie subject has seldom been viewed of late, it may be proper to select tu o instances out of tlie general course of the Parliament's proceedings at that pe- riod, which ^\'ith every unprejudiced mind must place the matter out of doubt. Of these the first is their abolition of the Bishops' votes in Parliament, which cut off at a single stroke one of the three estates of the kingdom-, and one more ancient by far than the Commons themselves. The second, namely, their demand of the MiUtia, was equivalent to de- manding a transfer of the executive government upon them- selves ; it was, in fact, dethroning the King ; while on the other hand, Charles, by refusing to pass this monstrous Bill, was simply using the power which the fundamental Law of the Land had vested in him ; and the Commons, by exercising their own unheard-of ordinance, without and against his con- sent, at once began the war, and dissolved the Constitution. 5 The Lords Spiritual, the Lords Temporal, and the Commons. See Blackstone, vol. I. p. 156, and Lord Clarendon's Life, vol. I. p. 101, ed. 1759. It is very true that the first Bill offered by the Commons for this purpose during Strafford's imprisonment was thrown out by the Lords, who had not as yet lost all spirit and understanding : but their ability to main- tain the integrity of their own body lasted not long. o o Q82 Yet there are persons vrho still afi'ect to believe that in this fatal quairel the ^ing was the aggressor. What I after a long course of concession and conciliation, for which he had been thanked bv the Commons aoain and again, and which had not been interrupted or succeeded by one unconstitutional act, was he the aggi'essor merely for pausing before he passed a Bill of suicide upon his own po'oer, and of annihilation on that of his posterin- ? And let any man of common understanding reflect in what circumstances the King- was to begin a war, or rather -nhat were the po^^•ers of re- sistance which at that moment he possessed against Violence and Aggression ? Driven from liis capital, where he had scarcely strength to defend his o\mi house at ^Miitehall from the rabble, with a train scarcely equal to that of an or- dinary" nobleman ; liis mint stopped,^ his forts seized, his towns shut against him, his fleet officered under new Com- missions from the Parliament ! What then, it may be asked, enabled him to make the stand he did, and in so shoit a time to present a formidable and equal front to his ene- mies ? It was the persevering Iniquity of the Commons, and the generous indignation of the Nobihty and Gentry, awakened by those master-pieces of Law and Reason which Hyde, now taken into the inmost counsels of his Master, opposed to the cant and sophistr}' of the Parliament. On the whole, after repeated and attentive considerations of the sub- ject, weighing, as I trust, impartially the representations of 283 . both pai'tles, and, above all, the chronology of facts, I feel a strontr conviction that Charles from the beo-uinino: of the war acted upon the defensive ; and therefore became, after the unhappy close of it, a real Martyr, not merely to his own rightful prerogative, hut to the laws and liberties of England. Tills digression, so far as the case of the Earl of Straflfoi-d constitutes the subject of it (and his attainder constituted a part of the same system of ^ iolence which this Parliament pursued from its first meeting in 1640), avUI not be thought imperti- nent, when it is considered that upon It depends much of the character of his faithful followers, and particularly of the subject of this memoir, as friends or enemies of their Country. For if, after having crushed this great man and his adherents, the subsequent conduct of the House of Commons had been temperate and constitutional, and in particular had they not manifested ecpial malignity against those ^^ Ise and tridy pa- triotic Counsellors who succeeded Strafford in the confidence of his Master, the presumption would have been, that their motives were upright, and their severity seasonable. As it was, their o\^n subsequent enormities were the best apology for those whom they had undone, and proved their fears to have been excited, not for the Constitution, but for themselves*". ^ What Radcliffe thought of his ?»Iaster's real opinion with respect to tlte struggle between Liberty and Prerogative, may be collected from the followuig passage : " He always disliked the abuse of Regal power to the 284 Radcliffe's testimony being no longer useful to Strafford or formidable to his prosecutors, the articles of impeachment which had been exhibited against him ^\ere tacltlv allowed to be frivolous, and he was set at liberty'. No doctunents re- main to prove where the next twelve moutiis of his life were spent ^; but in 1643 he was with the King at Oxford, where his correspondence with the jMar(juis of Ormond, which has oppression of subjects ; yet it being most hard and difScult to keep the in- terests of King and People fiom encroacbing upon each other, the longer be lived experience taught him that it was far safer that the King should in- crease in power, than that the People should gain advantages on the King." Radcliffe's Essay towards the Life of my Lord Strafforde. — Strafford himself once spoke out on the subject of governing without Parliaments to his bosom- friend Laud : " I am confident that the King, being pleased to set him- self in the business, is able, by his wisdom and Ministers, to cany any just and honourable act tlirough all imaginary opposition ; that to start aside for such panic fears, phantastic apparitions, as a Prjim or an Elliott shall set up, were the meanest folly ; that the debts of the Crown being taken off you may govern as you please ; and most resolute I am that work may be done without borrowing any help forth of the King's Lodgings." Letters, p. 173, A. D. 1633. Having said so much in favour of Lord Strafford, I have produced this highly exceptionable passage, which has hitherto lain con- cealed in the huge volume of his Letters, ont of fairness to the other party. i See Rushworth, vol. IV. p. 219. '' I have not been able to discover him with the King at Yor\, where Jjis presence would have been useful, and might have been expected. 285 been printed by Carte', proves him still to have acted as Se- cretary for Ireland. In this vear he \v ; of a sound rather than a hrlUiaut understanding : of a temper firm and constant, such as ren- dered him capable of filling with dignitv and usefuhiess an hio-h ministerial office In tlie state. At the bar he is said to have been distingiilshed for his eloquence^. As a man of bu- s he was lndefati2;able ; so that in addition to the Customs, siuess Manufactures, and Xa\-igation of Ireland, which during the o-overnment of Lord Straftord were committed almost entii-ely to the Secretary-, Radcllffe, by bringing over workmen con- cealed In tubs from Rochel. Mas the first person who ren- dered the Alum-mines at Gisborough productive, or even not ruinous to the midertakers ; beside which he had the merit y This part of Radcliffe's character is confessed by Lloyd himself; who tssigns it as the reason for his being excepted from pardon in all Treaties with the King. For the same exception, in the Treaty of Newcastle, se« Rushworth, vol. VI. p. 313. But from the year 1641 his political resent- ments must have been harmless ; and it was probably the memor^^ of Strafford, which procured for him this painful distinction. ■« " So happy his faculty of persuading, that it was said of his speeches, as of Cicero's, that the longest was the best So subtle his wit, that a re- Tcrend Judge, upon his proceeding Barrister in the Inns of Court, pro- nounced him hkely to become either the best or the worst instrument in the Commonwealth." Lloyd.— Radcliffe, had he foreseen that by the folly of some panegyrist his speeches would b« compared with those of Cicero, must surelv have extlswmed, '•' Ne rubeam pingui dmatus munere." of adding an income of more than 12,000/. per annum to tlic Crown. For these, as the law then stood, were Mines Royal; as it was soon after interpreted, they became a monojjoly : so little In those unhap[)y days we/e men aware that what was one year a duty would the next be construed into a crime. At the same time (for he seems to have delighted in employment) he had under his own management, whether as Owaier or Agent we are not told, four Coal-mines, six Corn-mills, and twelve Woods in his native Country. The conduct of all these undertakings, public and private, was greatly facilitated by another accomplishment, namely, that RadclifFe wrote an ex- cellent^ style for business, clear and strong, always grave, and without any portion of Strafford's playfulness, a quahty w hlch, as It seems to be almost inseparable from fii'st-rate genius, ia usually confined to it. His domestic habits were those of the same exemplary friend, from whom, In the course of manv vears, he was rarely separated ; and who, while he abhorred intemperance, was no enemy to rational conviviality. In private life he seems to have been very amiable : throughout his rising for- tunes, ever attentive to an aged mother In the country ; and in his exile, affectionately mindful of a wife, whom he had been compelled to leave behind him, as well as of an only and valetudinary son, whom he had made his companion. To the young Earl of Strafl'ord (who had been left to his care and 292 that of Wandesford ^) he behaved ^\ith the freedom and au- thority of a father''. Even with his own master, notwithstandini;- the awe which his overbearing temper and superlative talents created in all around him, RadcHffe sometimes remonstrated so effectuallv, as to curb his exorbitances. The letters exhibited in the former part of this Collection, shew that Religion had a deep and earlv root in his heart. It were to have been wished that those w liich follow had also led to another conclusion ; that tliis principle had been improved bv affliction, or even that it had not been, in some slight de- gree, impaired by a Court : vet liis last letter to Strafford, which came from an heart deprived of all eaithly comfort, and was directed to another in circumstances even more afflicting, is a master-piece of animating zeal and Christian consolation. And, afier all, this was not a blaze suddenlv rekindled out of half-extingniished embers by the blast of adversitv ; for long before this season of trial, and in his highest exaltation, Strafford had such an opinion of Radcliffe's seriousness, as on certain solemn occasions to make him his confessor. Let not modern le>-ity smile at this instance of religious confidence » •' I make my beloved frieuds Christopher Wandesford (now Lord Deputv of Ireland) and Sir George Radcliffe, knt. mine Executors of this Will. And I will that they receive all the rents of all my lands during the minority of my son the Lord Rabye. I commend the care of the edu- cation and government of my said son to my said Executors." — Extract from Lord Strafford's Will, dated July 2d, 1610. MS. penes Ediiorem. ^ See Letter 36, p. 237, of this ToluiBe. 293 between two laymen, and men of the world. Strafford was a severe scrutinlzer into his own heart; and the humhle con- fessions he would sometimes make to liis friend, of infirmities which would no\v be thought trivial, sufficiently contradict the calumnies of his enemies, on the subject of his moral character. It was not the religion of Strafford, but that of the party who destroyed him, which tended to reconcile de- votion with immorality ". The part of Radcliffe's conduct on ^yhich iHie friends of his memory will dwell with least complacency seems to have been his instantaneous conversion from a popular to a prerogative lawyer, and his consequent transition from prison to prefer- ment — changes in which, it is to be feared, interest or per- sonal attachment (as is too often the case with political men) had a larger share than the convictions of conscience. But c Several characters of this sort, uniting high religious profession with great profligacy of manners, have been delineated with a powerful and indignant hand by Mrs. Hutchinson, in a work, for which, though she meant nothing less, the Friends of Loyalty in the great Rebellion are deeply indebted to her. The Hutchinsons, with excellent understandings and upright intentions, were frank enthusiasts, who really believed it to have been revealed to them from Heaven, that the Cause of the Parliament was the Cause of God ; and that the execution of the King was a point of duty. Otherwise, their elegance and accomplishments would have directed them to better company. They were, indeed, sufficiently punished by the Society to which their own principles condemned them. — See Memoirs- of Colonel Hutchinson, lately published. 594 he followed his Pattoii, ■«ho had been taken off from the Country Partv bv a bargain with Buckingham, at a time when the Court had neither done, nor forborne to do any thinjj, which coidd warrant so quick a transition from distrust and opposition to confidence and support. How seldom will the conduct of pubhc men bear to be wei^bed in the balance of the sanctuai'Y ' AVentworth ainl Radcliffe, however, -were plainly right in the issue ; and it may be conjectured, that even then "^ they had discovered some tiling in the ^•iews of the Parliamentary Leaders, from which their penetrating understandings would discern much of the mischief which was to follow. Sir George Radchffe, though a ready and copious M-riter, prepared nothing for the press. This is to be regretted ; as his Hints for a Life of Strafford, which he of all men was best quahfied to undertake, prove that it wovJd have been written with feehng and spirit. Such indeed, and so agitated were those times, that every contemporars' who wrote about them at all, ^v^ote from the heart ; but on tliis subject none could have written like Radcliffe, from information strictly original, and from the fulness of an highly cultivated understanding, ani- mated bv all the zeal of survi\-ing affection for the memory of a murdered friend. The features of the mind are seldom, like those of the cotmtenancc, transmitted by hereditary descent. Genius and ^ In i62S. ^95 talents are i^lfts (not always blessings), for tlic most part, unaccountably dropped down upon men. To illustrate this position, Strafford and Radcliffe had each a son, whose me- diocrity of intellect and neutrality of character would most probably have conducted them safe through that storm w hlch overwhelmed their fathers. But the mighty oak, after it has been laid prosti-ate by a tempest, is long remembered ; while the feeble sapling, which springs out of its stock, dwindles through the period of its existence, and is forgotten ; and accordingly William Earl of Strafford and the Right Honour- able Thomas Radclifle ^ (for the latter owed the rank of e Thomas RadclifFe died at Dublin without issue, and unmarried — having devised all his estates to an aunt and a domestic. He was brought, how- ever, for interment to Thornhill ; where, in the parish church, the fol- lowing Inscription to his memory remains, though half obliterated. " M. S. Thomse Radclifle, Arm. Qui ex illustri Radcliviorum famiUa ortus, Georgii Militis & Annse Traps filius, Candida mente & felicissima indole imbutus, Variis artibus & scientiis ornatus, Et mirabili morum suavitate prseditus, Postquam per plurimos annos exul, Exulis Regis sui causa, Regiones exteras peragraverat ; Tandem post reducem Regem In Hiberniam se contulit; Regique ibidem a sacris conciliis insen'iens, Secundis rebus non magis elatus Quam antebac adversis depressus. Q96 a Pri\-y Couusellor in Ireland to his father's fame), however beloved liy their private friends, had no other claim to the re- membrance of after-ages, than that thev Mere respectively the offspring of those two memorable persons, whose talents, activitv, and sufferings, constitute, almost in equal propor- tions, the subject of this Account. Pietate, temperantia, probitate, caeterisque virtu tibus Adeo inclaruit, Ut non eget * fucosis laudibus, Nee hoc monumento, Ad famam ejus perpetuandam : ' JVlemoria quippe justi manet in eteruum.' xni Kal. Julii mdcxxui. in agro Eboracensi natus. III Kal. Nov. MDCLXXix. Dublinii denatus, Unica faniiliee suae spes improles it ccelebs Hie & in mille amicorum pectoribus Reconditus jacet ; Cui Margareta Traps matercera & Joshua Wilson domesticus Heredes ex asse instituti, Hoc qualecunque tam gratitudinis Quam memoriae monumenturo. Sub sumptibus erigi curarunt." It is the genius of epitaph writing to sav much of a man when dead, of whom nothing was said when livina:. All that remains of Thomas Rad- clifiFe is a letter of four lines ; and, excepting an incidental mention or two of him in his father's correspondence, I know not that the subject of this long panegyric has beeu noticed by one contemporary writer. * ttu. fjeret ? adni'-ttaiices at Gniy"s-inn, it ap- pears he was admitted there, Bar- lister Aug. 1, 161S; Ancient June 1 ■17. lO'.Jl. I buried in the Noith aile of ^^ estniiiibttr- abbev. Thomas Radclifie, of U^el■- Dorothy,: tlioipe aforesaid, esq. prixy- daughter counsellor in Ireland, some of time Cientleman Commoner Ashton, of Univei-sity College, 0\- ofGegg; ford ; died, nnniarried, at fir^t Dublin; bm-ied DvC. U, wife. 1G79, inThorahill chmch. =Savile Radcliffe,=plsubella, dauijli- of Totlmerden, esq. eldest son an<. heir, died Sept.'jg, 165'2, aged G9 ; bur. at Cliderow. ter of Dean, widow of Thomas Gled- hill; 2d wife. :Ka d R of l^Iargaret, wife of Richard \\'e.st, of Burghvallis, co. Yorkj gent. Charles Radcliffe, died an infant. Joshua Radcliffe, of Todmer-= den, eldest son and heir ap- parent, died Aug. . . . 1644; buried at Todmerden. :Margaret, daughter of Ro-= .... bert Duckeufield, of Fletc Duckentield, co. Chester, ing . 16.53 ITionias Radclitfe, of Todmerden and Mcrley, died unm; Clitheiow. AdminisU-ation granted to his mother July I Elizabeth, m PEDIGREE OF RADCLITTE. Jnlio Haiiiinei1on.=f:, . 6 ami 3.1 E. Ill Aaiim Hiunmerti anno 19 E. 11 Mar^' =j=Robcn Ra(lclyffe.=j=Margei-j', 4- ' 4- William Riuldyffe,=y:Margaiiel Culchctli. il Rkharil Radtlvfie. RiclianJ Hanimi;i(oii.=EIi/abetli Railcl)-fle, I hcii' (o hur mother. Willtain RaiIclyfft,==Agnis, danghler and heir of Sir R. of Totliiicrden. I Greenacres, of Great RIerley. Ellen Langlield,=pWilli^iii RaJcliffe. of Ungfield, and=p. . &c. ol" Todmerdcn, geni 43 Edw. HI, j John Radi'lv'ffc,: of OrdshiJI. aughter of Robert Leigh, of Adling- widow of John Abhton, of Ashton. Richard Radcl)ffej=:. daughter and heii of Richard Dynely. Rolxrt Radclyffe,=JoaD, married by dispeosatioo. Lawrence Hanimcrlon, livings and la H. VI. 'hrbtiana Pudscy. miliam Radclyffe, Hlll^i lladclilTe. commonly called Wilkin Radcliffe, of Tlin-shHeld fe=Ci ., , I..,., - 1-1 . . , . ,„ ■. ■ Cra\en=Joanna, daiiffliter and hei mil dated 1434. in wlucli he orders himself to be buried in the church of | of WilUanT Mansell, ca^ St. Micbacl at LimoUj proved at York April 29, 1440. n ^=Jo3nna, dauglit of of H ilUani M living 1434, William Radclifli-. of Tod-=pAgiRs mcrden, burn about I Uving 1445. 1400 i died 14b'2. Richard Radclynb, of Todmerden. .. chafed Hcnshaw of RohiTt Heiishai 6 H Vll ; dieil June 13, 7 H. VII esq. pur-=Fi^brisiiuna, daughter of Sir Jolm Pdkinglon. \\ illiam Radtlyffc, on whom and his wife for life his=Ehzabelh, daughter of Tlio- fiitlier settled lands lately purchased of Robert masTownlev; living May " ■ " "" 20, 6H Vr, Geoffrey Radclyffe, son of William, IS H. VI. Pai-don. Isahetla. wife of George Wood, of J»nglev, to, York, gciit. Henshaw, May 10, 6 H. Vll Charles Radelytle, ofe^Maigaret, daughter of Edmund Todiuerdcn, €>((. 1 Athlon, of Cliuderton, married died Aug l.i, , . | before Jan 13,7 H Vll Tliomns RodelySe. Edivord Radelyfll-. Ctrilia Radclyflb. daughter of Wil-=pl liiim R;ulelylfe, of V\ yiijbenork, gent , l8t hmbanil ; ried Aug IH. 1579 , buried 1 SepL 30, 1 bffi. daughter and co- heir of Robert Mai^h, of Dar- lon, CO. York, by Margaret ,d augh - ler of Robert Al- Idtl, died a wi- dow i bulled al Thomhtll,July4, imS. Will dated July 37, 1018; proicd Sept. 15, 1C2S. of Overthoipe, in Thoinhill. co York, esq, 40 Eliz. i '2d hiia- band ; married Feb 20. 1 VJ'i i buried Nov. 29, 1599. atThnrn- hiU Will dated Oct. 23, l'^99i proved al York July 2ii, 1000. Cei.dia. wife Dorothy. of James wife of Greenwood, Thomas of New SavUle, of Ulhes, near Hollin- Leeds, CO. 'If- Y'ork, gent. + Jolin =j=Ahce, daugli-^Henry Rad-=:Eliz;ibeth, Grcen- halgh, of Bran- dle- shani. Mary, only^Thnmas Nct- dauglitcr nnd heir, nianied af- ter the date Oct. 23, L')99. niornlull I.*es, eo. York, gent. Will provixl March 1C45. Fli/abeth, mar- Sir George Radcliffe, of Overthorpe= ried lit Thorn- aforesaid, km, bapt at Thorohill hill June 18, .\|iril2l.l593i mamed to his fii-st l(i22, to John wite daughter imd heir of Modg^on, of John Lord Fynch, of Fordwieh, Newhall near co Kent ; die>lilii-i-e. Biir- riitei Aug, I, lijlb, Ancient June •17. 1631. ter of R;d|)h tuilworrh, ofWendthi secfind wifc of Henry Radcliffe. clitfe, of Todmerden, esq. eldest eon and heir, aged 57, 33 Ehz. ighter of Edmund Ashton, of Chaderton, cond wife. Rob e rt^==C- at hari n e , iAnne, daugh- ter of Sir Fran- cii TnipiislJer- nard. of \idd, CO, York, knt. ; LondonFeb.2l, 1621 idled May 31,1G59.SI,58; buried in the North nile of Westminstur- abbey. Anoe i=Joshi Rad-= cliffe. of Tod- merdon, esq. eldestionand . , . heir, Starkie, ofPa- eq , second Jonas Rad- cliffe, Fel- low of Uni- versity Col- lege, Ox- fonl , and President there 1624. Jeptlia, Esther, wife ofRic. Nut- hall. Eliza- beth. Rfld- sister of' wife of cliffe. Rev, Ed- Wilfray Roch- wai-d Ash- Ran- dale, ton. of ncstcr. eo. Middleton i Lan- died a wi- cas- dow. Will ter, dated April gent. 27, leos. Alexander=^ra Radclifli-, inn, esq. -, yoiingeal ioa; died 9. p. WiU dated July 20. 1(J15, proved Sept. 10. 1618, at York. of William Savile W iU dated Sept. 2, 1618; proved July «6, lfil9. sister=pWilliam Ver- Samucl Radcliffe, DD. Principal of Brazen o5e Col- lege, Oxford, el- dest son i bom at Todmerden. Will dated May9, 1(348, proved at London. Joseph Rad-= r Deborah, Priscma, Hemy ehffe, of wife of Radchffe. wife of R.d. Rochdale, living, as Green- chffi;. gent, adxm- Belfield, named in acres; nbtration living his mo- bolli liv- datedMarch 164S. thers wU. ing May 9, 2fi, 1646. 1648. granted at s- York. W'ulia lor to his mother, July W, Dorothv,^ tlioiqie aforesaid, esq. privy- counsellor in Ireland, some daughter of . lime Gt^nlleman Commoner Ashton. of I'ni'Mi-it^ ( ..11. ^r, (K- ofGegg, foni, iIk'I, nn„....L„,l. al fllNt Dublin ; 1 1 )> >. 11. wife. 1679, III liioMilull diiiuh. of Todmerden, esq eldest son am, heir, died Sept. 29, 1652, aged C9; bur. at Glide row. Uubella, daugh-=; pKathmine, Stli=W illiam= =Roger NoHeU. of==Eh«iheth. Daniel l-honias Radcliffe. Saniui'l K.iilcliffr, af Rnt/e- ter of daughter of Hulton, Read, esq. ; 2d dau. of Rad- Sterclarj to .\bp. ni.ret,.ll.-,.,Osl-nl,l,M \ Dean, widow of Robert Hjde, of hii»b:md ; mar. Tho, Fleet- eliffe. JuKon when Lord dl Dr. .:... lr,l:. ,l..v,:J(I; Thomas Cled- of Hv.le and Hulton at Stockport, wood, of died Tifasurer. and burii.linHt.lliu.-ll. Iiureh- hiU; 2d wife. Norihbuiy, Park, Oct, 19, Ibl!!; NeWtoD. 3. p. l--..llow.ifUni>er- jard. Will dared Dec. 5 CO, Che-terj esq. di, before 16'J3. silv Cill O.xfiml lfi49, prove*! Feb.2Cfol tliirdwife. 1st hush. -f Henrv Rudelitlu. lowmgal London. 1 nianied to William Welpdale. Sjivile RudcUn'c, only brother of Somih-l, living 1649. Catherine Anne, Fnuiees, (.athciinc, Mar> . eldest EliBiUU Uving m daughter. unmar- l(i09. Percie Ifiie. 1618. Margaret, wife of Ri.jiard Wc.^t, of Hurghtullis, co. Y'ork, gent. (.hark-sRiulcllffe. died ail infant. Jo=hu;i Riideliffe, of Todmer-: den, eldest son and heir ap- parent, died Aug. . . . 1644 i buried at 'I'odmi'rden. Margaret, daughter of Ro-= Charles Radclifle. Ahce, wife of John bert Duclienficid, of Fletcher, liv- SeholJield. of Duekenlield. co. Cheater, iiigAug, lo, Scholfield. IGbo. 2dhu3, S' SusLin, wife of N Buiter- worlh. of Roch- dale. Anne, wife of Roger Dorothy Winkley. of Wink- ley, CO. Lancaster. Savile Radcliffe, John Railcliffe of Merelcv, died unmar- died unmar- ried. ried 1713. Maigaret, sole iwue and heir, living an infiint ITiouLa'. Radclilfc, of Todmerden and Merlev, died unmarried 1 055 ; burie. (Titherow. Adniin'Litration granted to his uiother July lo. 1655, at London. at .I.wlli a RadclilTe, of Todmerden, in ll'.70; buried at Todmerd . daughter of Itichanl r, of Pennington, e^q Elizabeth, sole issue and heir, married to Roger Mainwaring. of Kerringham, co, Chcsler. Thorril HoU said; heir abo\ \ile, edge I Isabella daa^h- ter ?j\(\ coheir. Francis Wandesford,=pAnne, daughter and co- of Kirkhngton, esq. | heir of John Fnlthorpe. SirG. CO. Pa I ' I Sir Christopher \\ andesford,:=;EUzabeth Bowc of KirklingtoD, knt. first wife. \\illiam Bo Sir George Wandesford, of Kirkling-==( ton, knt. bom May 20, 1.573. T atherine, daughter and coheir of Ralph Hansb\ , of Tiekhill and Beverlev, co. York : first wile! ' Christopher Wandcsford, of Kirkhngton. esq. Master of the Rolls in Ireland, D?putv— \li of Ireland to Thomas Earl of Soafford, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; died 1640. ' Tboi George Wandes- ford, died un- married. Sir Clii-istopher \Vande.-foid,=pEleanor, daughter of Sir John Catharine of Kirkliugton, ban. »t. I Lowther, of Lowther, co. Thoma about 39, in August 1665. Westmoreland, kt. and bart. Famele T knt. PEDIGREE OF SAVILE, §•<•. m /obn Savife, of Savik HaUi =?:Mai;garrt, daughter and coheir of and TankerJey, co. York, j Henr Rishworth, of lUshrtyrth. Sir John Sat \&, of Taokei^ley^ Isabella, daughter and coheir kl, hi^h sheriff of the county I of Sir Thoma? Band, of of York. 3 said 11 R. II Eland, knt, 4« E III. Heniy Savile, of Thom-=ElJaabclh, ihughter and hrir of lull f}urt: uu/riij. *e- ^'^ Simon Thomhill, k/it, cond-«D, 11R.II. H R II and 13 H. IV c Henry Savile, of Copky /-jwre^E leaner, (laughter and heir ■LiJ, esq. 2d «uui diu] 14.17 ; buried ar HalifiBx. of Thoina.1 Coijfey, Copley, CO. York, Thomas SavUe, of Hollln-=:\une, daughter of John edg*, CO. York, 2d son Stanslield, of Stansfieid, NichoIa5 Savile, of=^Mary, daugh- >ir Thoma.* Sari1o,^==Maigarec. daughter of ofThomhdl, kt. I Sr Thomas Hiking- 21) H. VI. l-n. km. Sir John Saiilf. of Thomh'ill Elan, andTimken,U-v. knt. 33 ill tlaD.l==.\lice, daughter of Sir WiUiam Gascoicn* H ^ ' j "f ftiwlhorpi-, knt. i H, V. and 17 H VI. New Hall, uear Eland, gvnt. 4tli tvr of Willtain Wilkimon. Thomas Savile ,:^.\nnc, d^kughicr ofLuptet,! York, esq. se- cond !>0U. fold, c fonL IsalB-Ib. v^nfe, Ut. ,,f oiiur Anna. wife. l»t, of John Miifii-ldj -idly, of •'ir John Butlrr. esq.-, -idly, of Mcltiin. of A.-.lon. kt . 3dly, KoUtI Snaith ; UisUv, of Sir JohnWiittrtoii. knt of It.igrr Hoptoiv J'lhn SwT]c,=Jottn, daughter of WiluuuSi of Eland. sirThyina* Har- »» S^vile,^i:£liz^die(h, daUithter and heir of Tlumias Anne, Edmund Radcliffc. AleB:,.h.M«,30,| djugi,l=p «.d ch.ir „f Sir wm™. ofLnund... of Ttom*, Soaihii «,.rwi,,otS. Cort»'t, esq. :>H. VIII r :Margarct, who«e bro- tht^r Tliontis Saiile WHS of W 1*1 bom anil Ecki^ley. and loarried .i d'iiu.:hter and coheir of John Wodi', of Longley, CO. York, Robert Atlunson, oB=Jocosa,(]aogh- Stowell, CO, Glou- ter of Huni- cestcr, esq, and of j hrt-v.V^hfield, the Inner Teniijh-, of H^xlhorp, Liinilon, cuuQM^l- co. Oxoa, esq. lor at la IV. Verify Sarilc, of Rirrow-: by, CO. Lincoln Cjiire uxoruj. and Lupset. esq sheriff of York- shire in Ehz. and one of the yueeo's Pl^v^ Council estabhshed ii) the i\orlh. litne, daugh- ter and heir of WUUara Vernon, of Barrowhy, CO. Idncoln, esq. of Sir William Fitzwilliam, knt. 7 H. VI. r of Jolin Ixird: »idow of Sir Richard I'hiinrlby, kt. ; 6ni wife. ■'*^,1'"^'!^;"'':'''t'*"JT'^' ''""«'"" Edward Savile, Dorothy, «ifc of PoILmd, kt. rnolhmj of Alumi < oj-ley, an ideot. died John Kaye, » rthout iMue. of Okciuliaw. sheriff of tlic county of Lincoln 15 £1U Sir John Saiiln. hjirt. I Sawle. "f P.,ntefrart inarriiil to In- lirst \vifn, Ca- ihariur, liiiughterofCh L.ird U'illoughtij. of Parh:ini. ,tted=^£Iit3lieth, dan. L. of Batle>. vMxind V Shi-lficld=siDon»thv. daugh- Saiile, ter of Robert Bci^Hln. of Bci'ton. i~sq. E-^Uiia. dau. Edniud=/\ane. daughtt-r Frances, 4kughta-='niomaE. Sa.=Annft. tlauiihler Hnbcit Catliurine nlie of Khi,',lJ.ii, Savde. and coheir Savile. nml nilu.ii' «f iif Mu'VinolSand. iili> .■n-.i..! ..r ii.-;-.....i i;..ji . -r, ..... ■■■tumiii. and coheir of fVdltaut Oglcihorp, Savile, .p. Richard Tol- son, of Cock- cnuoulh, CO. Cumberland. of Michael iSandn. vile, crr-.ilixl ofThrowlcy, CO. Vise, Casth- Kcnt, widow of bar in Ire- Jo. bcvcson.ki i Ltiid.anilEarl fir^t wife j died of Sumc*. of I hrwlopher Ssvile. Thw. Bland, of Aluitd Co»W of Vdlrre, carl of aiul Kippin Park. esq. Uitlcy co York Anglesey, «i«er Edmund Aniie, wife of IV- wq ; nftei-waidstu and loheir of Savile, Clirirlea Earl of ..mgl John Savile, dieil s, p. Franci:s. i ifc of Francis Li>rd Unidmcll, ron and ?!irent of Robert Earl of Cardigan. James Savtie, Earl of Sus<«x, died s Thoi*s Savile, ofefDorothy HoUinrrfgi' id'orc- »aid. eiq. lineal heir m(dc uf the aboveTlionm-Sa- vik, of HoUin- cdgc. Iitabellu, dii tigh- ter and artoii. r Yoik i,-"-!!!. by Margin t.ilaugliierof Robert Allul. I'ied awi- dow i buried July 4, lu-ib. at Tliomliill. Mary Bailey, only daughterandbeir of horfalher. ma. about Kino, to Tbos. Nttihion, ofrhomhillLe<'s. cent, i died iu Shirch Idl3; bu- ried at riioriihiU. + Eliud>cih, only daugh- ter of her fiilher, mar- ried ai 'Hiornhill June 18, Wil. to John . . . . Fy. rktugliii and heir peclanl of OverthoriwinThorn- hill, CO York, gent, ; 9d hiiiibanili married Feb.%0, lo9S» buried Nov, ay, 1599, at Thofnhill. Sir Francis Trapps-: Bt^mard, of Har- rowgale, c. York, knt. : Mary, Ihinl daugh- Sir Williiim Wcnt-^Annc, worth, of Went >voiih Wood- house, CO. York, eldest daugh- Mary Talbot, dauirh-: ter of Geoige Earl of Shrevrshii- ry; Hrsi wife; died in February 1604 ; buried at I'hom- hil}. uSir George Saiile, of; Thomhill, knt 3? Eliz ) crvated a ba- ronet June 29, 29 Joe. ; diedNoi, 19. 16:2. EUzaheth. daughter of Sir Edwaitl Aysci^e.ofKel- sey, CO Lincoln, knt n- lict of George Savile, of Wakefield ; seconil wife ; die! Jan. 25. Itj'^i. Francis Savile, married .... daughter of Gilbert Sal- tuns tall. .-ofJell Sttvile. of Bam- by oimn Dun, mar- ried Joan, daughter of Kith. BrniniKint, of I^celles !I,dl, esq. U-igh. son liic. Bunkei, gtni. niulheirofHtier Francw, wife of L«igh, of Lyine, Thomas Brwllcv, CO. Pal Crai. kt. S. T. D. rector if pirish church of Cai.tleford,t:.York. Bridget, married to Hrrry Nrvilc, of Glove, CO NoU tinghau), esq. l-"nmti* Hail- cllflV.ofMul. pmvc Cattle, CO York, e»q. r=Sir fleorge R^ulcliffc, of=pAnne,eldi5it daugh- Riibcrt =^lizabeth. Ovcrlho -pt afure^d. kt only son and heir , bap- tized «r Thondiill Aiiril Hoilgson, of Bei^liin, John Baron "21. 1593; died at Sluyee, >tk. ciq. i died Jun 2, IC4H; buried at Uciston. Fynch, of Fordwich, in Kent. Friday, May 25, 1657 buricil there on the Mon- day following (Thurloe's State Papers). married in Trjpjis- London Fub 'i\, Bernard, 1621; died May esq. eldest 13, lfi59, fct. 5tti son and burieil in (he heii'. NorthaileofWest- niinster Abbey. daughter of Stc- Hemy Trapps- Bernard. Francis Trapps- lieriiard. John Trapps- Bcmanl. EUzabeth. Mary, ma. C. Towneley, ofTowne- ley. esq. Fnuiccs. Ursula. Lucy. Margaret. Mai^ret = tliff-ird, daughter of Francis Earl of Cumber- land; first wife ; died s. p. I Tliomas Earl of StrafTord, &c. eldest son and heu* .Arabella Holies, daugh- ter of John E;irl of C hire i 2d wife. ~t Sii WUhitm Went- wort b.mairii'd Eli- eldest znbeth. daughter dau. and coheir of Th.a. di. July Savile, of Witke. fiehl, ejq. from whom (he latter Earls of Straffonl, and others. AJinc, ==Sir George Savile ,= Sarah, daw. bu Ike 31-t. 1633.at Thorn- loll. knt. and hart, only son by hw first wife, died at Oxford. Dec 19, ItiVti, bur Jan, i6 following at ThomhiU- and (uheir of John Rede, of Cotlesbrwik, c, Northaniji- ton; Utwifc; dicda. pi bu- ried Feb. IG. 16IM. nt Thomlull. Sir John Savile. .if l.,i|)- ElualJlh, M't, knt, high ohrriffof nud Yorkshire 16 ly i mar- Marj. both ried, la(, Elizabeth, da diedynung of Jolm AnnHage, of Margaret, Kirklees, esq. ; ^dly, wife of Sir Ann, daughter of Sir Jo. Archer, John Soante, kt. ; died knt. in I660. Henry Savile. Rojccr Radrbffo, n-l 5. 15S1 TIkm Itadehlfc, n-t- 3, Henry RadcUffe, a-t S. Helen. Tboma'i Radcliffe, of Overthorjw aforesaid, esq. sole issue and heir, " dne of his Mtyesty's moat honoiu^ble Privy Councell of (hi! kingdom of Ireland, died ut his house in Dublin, and was brought to England to his house at Uvcrlhorpe, and buried at Thomhill church Dec. 11, 1679." Francis Trapia-=^anc, daughter Bernard, esq. of Michael Wailon, of Bevcriey.co. York. Man', wife of Francis Aune, wife of Fran- Arniylage, of South cts Radcliffe, of Shef- Kirkby, c. York, esq. Held nuinor, c. York, second son of Sir esq buried Feb 'i'2, Francis Armytage, of 1710. at Sheffield. Kirklees, b.irt. -f- Elizabeth, wife of Hfnrictta-= Wiliiam,=:Henriclto. daughter Will. Armj-tagv, of Killinghall, c York, gcni. brO' thei of Fi-ancis ol South Kirkby. Maiia Stanley, da. of Jas. Earl of Derby; iir»t nifi;. Eail of Strafford. of fVrderirk-C1nu-l(!i du Koye de lalloehe- Riuenuld, Ivirl uf Du Hoy and Rouic ^ second wife. Anne, eldest dang h ter, wife of Ed- wani Wat- Nin, Ban Ml of Roe king - linni. + ■Sir William Sa-=Anne, daugh vilr, ofThorn- hill, bart. bu- ried Feb 15, 1643, al Thomhill. ter of Thomas Lord Cov-en- \TV. &c. mar- ried Dec. 'iil. jmrEe Suvile. died uuoux- ried. PEDIGREE, shewing the Connexion between the Families of WANDESFORl>, UADCLIFFE, ami WENTVVORTH. Sir John Norton, alias Coigncrs, knt ^Margaret, daughter of Roger Ward. William Raileliffe, of RiWon. sonofMiW, \\ ilbiuii basiunl son of VYiUJuni RadclttTc, on of Wilkin • if Todmer^len. T"' 'oan, dau^litrr of Sir John Temjmtc, kut. Christopher Watulesfonl, of Kirklington, co York, etq=.\nQe Coigncrs, alias Xorluu. T^' Sir William Malery, of Stodlcy Park, luit.^ane Coignera, alias Norton. John Coigncrs, alias Norton j^: Anne, only duugliler and heir, att. HO. 14 It V/L Francis Wandeaford, of Kirklingt. J— -luiic, datightcr and co- heir of John Fidthorjie 10 Pal Durham, knight mar^hiiU r :j' Cmnberbiid, & DiUion, c. Northumberland. n,=^u r Christopher Wandcaford,=j=l'Jiz;ibeth Bmvo of Kirklington, knt. I first wife. \^'illiaI^ Bowes, esq. and others. Sir Francis Radclyffe. of DrmTDtwatcr and Dilstoo, knt. and others. Robf-rt Bcmanl, of Knarcs-^.Anne Conyers, borough, CO, York. I abas NortOD- g-^»-.«neiiiip, daughter and coheir of Ralph Haiiiby, ton, knt. bum May 30, 1573. I of TickhiU and Beverley, eo York ; first wile! Uisula, wife of Savile. Chii--tophi-r Wandcsfoid, of Kirklington. esq. Master of the Rolls in Ireland. Di.-putj-=.\licc, daughter of Hewit Os- of Ireland to Thomas lilarl of Strafford, Uird Lieutenant of Iret.^nd ; died 1640. I borne, of Kivcton, co. York. I 1 ' T"^ 1 Gwwge Wandes- Sir Chmtojiher Wande>ford,^Eleanor, daughter of Sir John Catharine, wife of Sir Alice, wifeofWilham fimi, diodun* of Kirklington. bart, ret, j Lonthcr. of Lowiher. co. Thomas Dauby, of Thornton, of Ncw- manicd. about 39, in August 1665. I WesUnorcland, kt and bart. Fameley, co. York, ton, co, York, esq. 4' Itoi- f=roc r. Hu Itobert Atkinson, of ^iJocaAa, daughter of StowcU, CO. Gloucester. Humplm-y Ashfield. Henry Trapps, ofNidd, ro York, l=Ani Sir William Wcnlworth, ofc=Anne, tidcii V\eniworlhWoodhou3c kt. j daiighter Tliomtis Wcntworth, Earl of Strafford, Ike. Maiy. thifd==Sir Francis Tnipfis Bernard, of daughter. J Harnnvirue and Nidd, knt. I , . , Sir George Radcliff. ,=:Ajine Tni|(i« Bernard, Ahi ut »e- ofOtcitburpr, kt. I cldia I daughter quuntur. INDEX. A. ABBOT, Dr. George, Abp. of Canterbury, 46, 6'2, 63. Academical expences 1609, 43, 52. Adair, Dr. Bp. of Killala, Wi, 190, 253. Aire, Lord, 167. Allen, Harry, 88, 166. ■ Kathai-iiie, 98. Anne, Queen, 3. Duchess of York, 3. Anselni, Abp. 64. Antrim, Earl of 194, 196— Marquis of 207. Archery, the amusement of a Master of a College, 61. Argyle. Earl of, 207, 209, 210. Armitage, George, 13, 15, -19, 29, 32. Arundel a.id Surrey, Earl of, 198, 216. Ashton, Theopliilus, 92. Assheton, Jane, 166. Atherton, Dr. John, Bp. of Waterford, 2.53, 255. Atkinson, Henry, 136. Austen, Mrs. 132. Austin, Mr. 159. B Backster, 29. Bacon, Sir Francis, 105. Banbury, Earl of, 135. Bancroft, Dr. John, Rp. of Oxford, 46, 122. Barkshire, Lord, 215. Barnhani, Sir Fiaucis, 162. Bartlett, Captain, 201. Batting, explained, 73. Bayning, Paul Lord, 135. Beaumont, Sir Richard, 16, 73 — Letter of Earl Strafford to him 175. Beattesonne, Thomas, 25. Belinda of Pope, 165. Bentley, Michael, 101. Bennet, Secretary, 258. Bilson, Dr. Tho. Bp. of Winchester, 115. Birkbye, Mr. 101. Blackstone, 2*9. BUlen, Mr. Ill, 112, 114. Bolton, 230. Borlace, 230. Bosseville, Thomas, 74. ■ Jane, 74. Botlu-oid, aunt of Sir G. Radcliffe, 66. Bramhall,Dr..Iohn,Bp.ofDeny,252,255. Bridgeman, Mr. 264. Briggs, James, 36, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 54. 56, 59, 61, 63, 65, 66, 68, 72, 74. Bristol, Lord, 214, 215, 217. Brooke, Dr. John, 80, 81. Brookes, Mr. 85. Christopher, 94. Browne, Dr. 58, 93, 94. Mr. 246. Bruce, Edward Lord, 31. — ^— Christian, his daughter, ibid. Bruse, Su H. 180. Buckingham, Duke of, 124, 136, 2$7, 294. Burnet, Bishop, 261. Butler, Richard, 246. C. Calvin, 75. Carlisle, Countess of, 1!53, 185, 188, 189, 192, 194, 197, 198, 206, 221. Carpenter, 190, 193. Carre, uncle of Sir Geo. Radcliffe, 20, 57, 59, 60, 61, 75, 86, 106. aunt of Sir G. Radcliffe, 33, 57. Carre, George, cousin of Sir (i. R. 99, 164, 195, 205, 214, 218, 221, 240, 245, 254. Besse, 126. Carrick, Robert Bruce, Earl of, 209. Canier, Dr. 119. Carrwell, 245. Carte, the historian, 274, 285, 236. Carter, 247 Cavendish, Lady, wife of Lord Wm. af- terwards Earl of Devon, 23, 3 1 . Challoner, Heni^, 1S2. Charles L 120, 202, 218, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 252, 254, 267, 272, 275, 278, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285. Q3 INDEX. Charles II. «ffl. 36^, 2SS. Churton, Archdeacon, 41. Chylde, Bp. 253. Clanriearde, Earl of, 190, 205, 212. Clare. John, Earl of, 139, 159. his daug-hter Arabella. 159. Clarendon. Edward Hvde, Earl of. 7, 25S, 265, 26S, 2S1, 282.285, 2S6, 287. 2S9. Clanvorthy, Sir John, 15, 228. Clave, Gilbert. SO. Clavton, Dame, 111. Clifibrd, Anne, 29. Lord, 275. Coke, Lord. 119, 120. Commimication between, the Xortti of England and Oxford early in the 1 7th ceniurv, 36. Comyn, Sir John, K)9. Conde, Prince, 119- Conway, Lord, 154, 1S5, 1S6. Coolev! Sir William, 212. Coote, Sir Charles, 233, 24S. Coplev, 114. Ctirbet, Rev. ISl, 1S2. Cottington, Lord. 197, 206, 212, 2S5. Cowper, Dr. William, Bp. of Galloway, 7S. SO, 96. Creishton. Dr. Bp. of Bath and Wells, 263. Crew, Sir Randall. 135. Cromwell, Lieutenant-General, 165. Crosiley, ^Mliiam, S7. Cyphers explained, 227. Dunbar, Earl of, 5S. Dunford, Thomas, 'J2, 31. Edward, King:, 209. Sir, ~24S. EtD?rton, L.ee, 7S Ehnhurst, ^Slliam, 105, 107. 130. Richaixi, 25S, 259. Elliort, 2S4. Elmes, >Ir. 147. Esmonde, Lord. 205, 211. Eses, Earl of, 279. Evers, \rdliam Lord. 12S, 129. Fans, expensive handles to, 116. Fanshawe, Lady, 132. Farinston, 240 Feltou, ■ his trial and execution, 174. Finch, John Lord, 123. Fuzjirret, 232. FiLzvviUiam, Earl, 2c6. Foscroft, 8. Daniel, 101. Anthonv, 170. D. Daniel, Samuel, 29. DarcT, Lord, 167- Daries, Sir P. ISO. Day, A^ Uliam, 95. Deiawan?, Lord, his son, 45. Denbish, Countess of, 192, 195, 205, 212. _ — Lord, 160. Denham, >Ir. Baron, 177. _ Sir John, 177. Derwentwater family, 10. Devonshire, first Earl of, 23. _ William, second Earl of, 31. Disbv, Loid. 2b0. IHilon, 192, 230, 249, 250, 251, 254. Diot, Henrv, character of, and death, 35. Dods-orth^ Roger. 24. Domix, a manufacture carried on at Doniock. 133. Dudlev, Sir Robert, 129. G. Gerrard, Mr. Master of the Charter House. 275. Gibson. Jo. 94, 95. Robert, his death, 113. GiSbrd, Sir John, 1S5. Gloucester, Duke of, 265. Gower, Mr. 123. Granger, 2S9. Gray, Mr. 47- Great Mereley, manor of, 2, 3. Greenacres, Agnes, daughter of Sir Ri- chiird, 2. " Greenwood, James, 7. Greenwood, Charles, account of, 7, 14, 15, 21, 37. 41, 55, 7S, 79. — Strafibrd's character of, SO, M, S2, S7, 91, 96, 9S, 100. li>:, 104. 106, 117. 119, 122, 128, 129, 136, 139, 176. INDEX. H. Hackwill, Dr. 119. Hale, Sir Mr.tthew, 123. Hall, John, IS, 29. Richard, 106, 117. Thomas, 34, 35. William, 89, 95, 96, 102, 104, 105, 120, 121, 134, 170, 171. Hamilton, Marquis, 181, 198, 202, 205, 212, 22S, 229, 23a, 231, 233. Hammond, Di-. 263. Hampden, 277. H:in?on, Robert, 45, 58, 68. Hardeine:, Mr. 263. HarpoU,^ Mr. 247, 248. H;ini.s, 244. Harmon, Mr. 52, S3, 86. Ha; tall, 170. Halton, Lard, 261, 264, 265. Hayes, Sir- James, 197. — '- Mr, ,\i-chibald, 197- Heart, 166, Hemy VHl. 268. ^Prince of Wales (1612), S7. Hepvvorth, 25. Hickes, Baptist Lord, 135. Hill, Mr. 85, Hodden, Alexander, 160, Hodgson, John. 155, 157, 260. Elizabeth, sister of Sir George Radcliffe, 27, 2.3, 38, 41, 45, 61, 75, 76, S3, 90, 104, 108. 116. Holies, Mr. Denzill, 223. Hoye, 190. Hoyle, Alderman, 245, 2.57, 259. Hunt, Mr U, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 2ti, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 44, 71, 72. Mrs. 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34. Hutchinson, Col. 258, 293. Mrs. 293. Hutton, Justice, 167. . Lady, 127. Hyde, Catherine, 2, 3. ' ■ Henry, 3. Lauience, ib. Robert, and Robert his son, ib. Edward. See Clarendon. Jackson, Sir John, 167, 175. James I. 93, 106, 115. Inns of Court, their magnificent entcr- tertainraents on Royal marriages, &c. 7S, 120. e.vpences'at, 92. Intn^am, Sir Artlmr, 172, 173, Jolifc, Giles, 110. Jordan, Mr. 77, Josselinc, Sir Robert, 136, Juxon, Bp. (Lord Treasurer) 10, 197- K. Kay, George, 120. Kildare, Lord, 195. Kilfonora, Bp. of (1633), 272. Kinglosse, Lord, 58. Knowles, Dr. V^'illiam, 175. L. Labome, Oswald, 14. Lacye, Richard — Hellen, daughter of, 110. Lane, Sir Robert, Chief Baron, 243. Langley, Ralph, 11, Laud, br, William, Abp, of Canterbury, . 179, 181, 182 1S7, 205, 226, 272, 284. Lascelles, Fr, 258. Leadbetter, Henry, uncle of Sir G. Rad- cbfti;, 45, 51, 105, 168. Lee, Joseph and Robert, 190. Leicester, Earl of, 129, ICO. Countessof, 125, 128, 129, 130, 1.52, 154. Lesley, Dr. John, Bishop of Rapho, ISO. Lewis, Sir John, 17 7. Lister, Dr. Matthew, 42, 115. Littleton, Sir E. Lord Keeper, 220. Lockwood, uncle of Sir G. Radcliffe, IS, 15, 57, 108, 112. Mrs, 57, Loftus, Lord Chancellor, 180, 195, 196, 228, 230, 233, 238. Mrs. A, 239. Longley, Mrs. cousin of Sir G. Radcliffe, 38, 7'3, 77, 78, 79, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 104, 107, 110, 112. 114. Elizabeth, 77. Lloyd, Da^-id, 289, 290. Lord Chief Justice (1639), 180, 183, 189, 194. Lord President (1640), 210, 251. Lorraine, Duke of, 286. INDEX. Lovell, R. letter to Sir G. Radclige, 265. Lowther, Lord, 193, 230, 249. M. Mainwariu;;, Roger, character of, 3. . Sir Thomas, a 3". Man. Mr. 125, 126. RIandeville, 214. Marries, Mr. 101, 1(«- MarshaU, 230, 231. Mars- II. Queen, S. Mason, Luke, 31, 32. Master of the Ordnance (1640), 251, 253. Maxwell, Dr. John, Bishop of Rosi in Scotland, 190. Meaih. Earl of. 190. Metcalfe, Di'. 24S. Middleton, Ladv, 161. Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, Earl of 124. Miiigley, Robert, character of, 4, 5. Mohun, John Lord, 135. Montrose, 207. Moniasrue. Dr. James, Bp. of Bath and Welis. 155. Montgomerj", Lord, 254. More, James, S4. Morsan, Sir Thomas, 162. M>-redyth, Sir Robert, 192. N. Navler, John, 97- Neile, Dr. Abp. of York, 221. Nettleton, imcle of Sir G. Radcliffe, IS, lOS, 109. Thomas, brother-in-law of Sir G. Radclifie, 41, 45, 6S, 71, S6, 110. — Man-, sister of Sir G Radcliffe, ONeales 207. Ormond,' Marquis of, 204, 205, 210, 211, 220, 242, 24S. 251, 274, 2S4, 286. Oiborn, Sir Edward, 275. Osbaldeston, Richard, 249. Orerbiuy, Sir Thomas, 104. Oxford. See Plague. 17, 32, 37, 38, 41, 4.5, 6S, 69, 70, 71, 72, 7S, SO, S3, S9, 91, 94, 97, 100, 111. Robin, 71,- 72. S9. Elizabeth, Sir G. Radcliffe's god-daughter, 14, IS. Nicholas, Sir Edward, 2S5. Noble, WiUiam. 57, 5S, 65, 70, 73, 74, S6. Norwich, Edward Dennv, Earl of, 135. NoweU, Dean, 6, 41. Roger, 3. M^id. t-. O. Oldcoats, Derbvshire, 23. Oldham, ^■illage of, 11. Thomas, 91. P. Parr, 22S. Parsons, S. C. 223, 230, 232, 233. Parker, — 112. Paulet, Mr. 62. Peasler, Joseph, 196, 205, 211. Captain, 196. Percival, Sir Philip, 192. Peter, the King designated under that name, 2S5. Pie, Sir Robeit, ISS, 194, 196. Pdkinston, yir. 16. PlasTie in Oxford, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46. Pia\-6dr, Dr. 45. PolLrde, William, 80. Pomander, a presen^tive against infec- tion, 41. Proctour, Mr. 62. ProNOst MarshaU, 253. Prs-nn, 2S4. Ptidsey, 160, 177, 17S. Puritans, their fondness for Old Testament names, 4. Frequented distant com- munions, 20. Trait of Puritanism, 63. P}Tn, 229, 277. Queen of Charles I. 21S, 231, 232, 236. R. Rabv. See Straffoi-d, Wm. second EarL Rabie, Mr. 194, 198. Rack, a distinct instniment from the cross-bow, 7. RadcliSe, town of, why so called, 1. Rauchffe fiimily, various branches of, J, 4, and pedigrees. Radclifie, William de, of Todmorden, and .Anne his wife, 2. . Charles, and Mai^aret his wife, 5, 7. Character of Margaret, 4S, 49, 52. ■ Henry, 6, 7, S. Robert, 6, 15, 16, 55, 60, 02. INDEX. 7. 10. Radcliffe, Alexander, 6, 37, 3S, 46, 51, 60, 61, 79, 98. Cecilia, aunt of Sii- G. 7. — ^^— — ^— Nicholas, fether of Sir G. 5. His epitaph aiid will, 6, 7. His death, 10, 79. Margaret, mother of Sir G. Sir George's letters to her, 13 158. Sir George, 3. Life of, 10 — 12. I^etters to his mother, 13 — 122, 15S. Style and spirit of them accounted for, 4. At the shool of Mr. Huut, at Oldham, 13. Goes to O.xford, 36. .Admitted at Gray's Inn, 67. Takes his bachelor's degree, S3. Life of, con- tinued, 123. Letters to his wite, 123, —1-41, 142—157, 159, 16'7, 168—174. Committed to the Marehalsea, 138. Letter to his cousin Mrs. Anne Radcliffe, 141. To his uncle Hem-y Leadbetter, 167. Strafford's lettei-s to him, 176 — 185, 186—206, 214—222. His letter to the I^ord Lieutenant Strafford, 2 10. Pledge of secrecy directed to him, 213. Letter to Lord Strafford on Radclifte's binng sent to the Tower, 223, 224, 226. Letter from Lord Rabv to him, 235. His lettei-s to I.X3rd Raby, 236 — 241. Letters fi'om Wandesford to him, 242 — 255. IJfe continued, 256. Letter to his brother John Hodgson, 258. Mr. Wm. Scott's letter to "him, 261. Answer, 262. Mr. Lovclls let- ter to him, 263. Life continued, 267 — 296. Incidentally mentioned, 230, 232. Lady .'\uiif, wife of Sir G. Letters to her) 123 — 141, 142 — 157, 159 — 167, 168 — 174. Allowance of the sequestratoi-s to her of a fifth part of Sir G.'s estate, 256. Order to set her at liberty, 257 — 2S5. Her death and e{)itaph, 2SS. Thomas, son of Sir G. 143, 153, 170, 241, 256, 260. Lady Rock- ingham's letter to, 265. His deatli and eplta|)h, 295. 296. Jonas, character and epitaph. S, 10.— 71, 72, 73, 77, 85, 119, 133. Savile, father and son, 2, 3, 9, 92, 113. Dr. Samuel, 37, 39, 48, 68. Jonathan, 63. Radcliffe, Catherine, 162, 163. ■ — Thomas, 86. Joshua, and Anne his daugh- ter, 3. Thomas, Secretary to the Trea- sury, 10 Samuel, 9, 40. Edwaid, of Todmorden, 166. George, of Wakefield, 10. Dr. John, founder of the Radcliffe Library, 10. William, Rouge Croix, 4. Rannelagh, Lord, 228, 230, 232, 233. Ramsden, Mr. 16, 73. Ramsden, John, 21. Ray, Mr. 96, loi. Rayiton, W. 203, 212, 239, 240, 246. Recorder, 250. Rivei-s, Earl of, 135. Roach, Father, 242. Roads, their bad state two centuries ago, 16. Robinson, Ric. 253. Rockingham, Marquis of, 266. Rockingham, Lady Amie, her letter to Sir G. Radchffe's son, 266. Rockley, Capt. 222. Rookeby, cousin of Sir G. Radcliffe, 168. Roos, Lord, 107. Roscommon, Lord, 233. Rotherham, Sir Thomas, 248. Rwuer, Ra. accoimt of, 258. St. Albans, Lord, 197. St. John, Solicitor General, 279. Sandbadge, Serjeant, 250. Savile, Thomas, of Ecclesey, cliaracter of, 5, 49, 50, ST. ■ ^ Maigaiet, daughter of, 48, 60. Sir George, G.'o'o, 61, 88, 89, 97, 105, 106, 107, 111, 112, 114, 115, II7. Dame Elizabeth, 6. aunt of Sir G. R. 51, 66. Sii- John, afteraards Lord Savile, of Howlev, account of, 7, 144, 175, 176, 214,' 216. George, son of Sir Geo. 6. Sir William audLadv, 5", SO, 140. 239. John, cousin of Sir G. Radcliffe, 155. Savage, Thomas Viscount, 135. Say, 233. Sealing-wax, its rarity formerly, 170. INDEX. Scots, characterof their anny( 1639), ISO. Proposition relative to, 206. Cessation of anas with, 214. Scott, Sii- Riduirti, «4S. Apollouiiis, 161. Mr. EveiMrtl, '■363, '264. William, letter of hi* to Sir G. Rad- clifie, '261. Radcliflfe's answer, 262. Sheffield, Lady Douglas. 129. Sherifis, custom of attendiiis: them at .As- sizes, S8. Shrewibuiy, Countess of, 23. — Gilbert Talbot. Eail of, 99, 112, 114, 117. George, Earl of, hii daugh- ter Mar%-, 57, 114. Sidney, Sir Philip, 127. Lady Barbara, 131. Singleton, Dr. Thomas, S3, 84. James, 78, 90. Slingsby, Mr. Guhdford, 206, 212. Smith, TTiomas, Vise. Strangford, 131. Sir Richard, 133. Sir Thomas, 1'2S. Sir John, 12S, 134. Solicitor, Mr. 211, 212. Somerset, Earl of, 104, 112. Southwell, Sir Robert, 274. Speaker, Mr. (of Ireland, 1640), 253. Spirie, Thomas, 11". George, 119. Stevens, 191. Stocke, Mr. 117. Strafford, Thomas, first Earl of, 79, SO, 101, 133, 124, 126, 137, 139. I.et- ter of his to Lady Radeliffe, 141. 142, 14.";, 152, 157, 159, 161, 162. 16S, 172, 173. Letter of his to Sir Richard Beaumont, 175. His letter to Sir Geo. R;\dcliffe, 176—185. To Mr. Viee-Trtasarer, 1S5. To Radeliffe, 1S6 — ^206, 214 — 222. Proposition re- lative to the Scots, 20S. Radclifiii's letter to him on being sent to the Tower, 223. Stroftbrds answer, 224. His two list letters to Radeliffe, 224 — 226 227- Motives and objects of the party who opposed him, 22S — 233. jQuestions upon his defence, 233 — 235. 242, 243, 246, 247, 248, 251, 252, 254. 256, 259, 266. Observ-ations on his pubUc conduc, 26". 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274. 275, 276, 277^ 278, 279, 280, 2S1, 2S4. Strafford, A^"m. second Earl of, 124, 126, 137, 128, 135, 136, 138, UO, 142, 194, 193. Letter of his to Sir George Radeliffe, 235. Radclifle in answer, 236—241. ^291, 295. Sunderland, Emanuel Scroop, Earl of, 174. Sussex, Earb of, whence the family name, 1 . Swift, Sir Robert, 16S. T. Talbot, Mr. 55. Thomas, Michael, 69, 117. Thurloe, 2S5, 286, 2.89. Todmorden, account of, 2. Towneley, Charles, Mary his wife, 3'3, 134. .\necdote of, 165, 170. Richard, 166. Ursula, 165. Trappes, Sir Francis, 123, 165, 266. Mi-5. Joyce, 134, 162. Mrs. Mary, afterwards Townelev, 105, 106, 107,'ll2, 114. Travers, 79. Traquaire, ISO, 181. Treacle, its rarity formerly, 170. Tufton, Nicholas Lord. 135. Tuam, Abp. of, 252. Twisden, Dr. Charles, 136. I'dall, Sir Wm. S0». Under-graduates, their mode of going and retumins fix)m Cambridge, 41. Valenlia, Lord of, 184, ISti, 190. Vandyke, 2S9. Vane! Sir Henry. 228, 229, 231, 233, 234, 235, 277. Verie, Henry, 27- Vemon, Mr'. 79, 90. 98, 118. Vice Titasurer, Mr. 1S3, IS4, ISo, 1S6, 205, 211,222, 243,255. Usher, .\bp. 247, 252. W. Wade, Armigel, 93. Sir William, ib. Waler, Sir Hardress, 206, 212. Walesh, Mre. 66. Walker, William, ib. Thomas, 86. INDEX. VVandesford, fiimily, 4. Sir C'hiistopher, Lord Deputy of Irehiml, 147, 157, IM, 18'i, U>9, 200, 205, 211, 220, 221, 222, 230. His Icttor to Sir C. Radclille, 242, 255. Account of him, 248. 270, 2*3, 2*5, 2S9, 292. Wiindcroid, tlio yoiiiifjer, 285. \\:m\, :di;is WinkVs, \ViIliam, 13. U'anl. .lob, I9(>. \\ aid^, iii;i::.Ut of tlu>. 190. Mat, Mr. (56. Watcrhoiisc, Mrs. Helen, aunt of Sir G. Uadclifff, .'S?, r^i),63,(>7. 68, 7-'i, 74, 75, 70, 81, 83, 98, 104, 107, 110, 111, 112, 114. Mr. Pliilii), uncle of Sir Geo. Radeliffe, 57, 58, .59, 63, 66, 67, 68, 71 , 72, 73, 74, 75, 76", 77, 83, 8.5, 89, 90, 93,97, 100, 109 — epitaph on 110, 128. John, 74, 110. Watkins, Mr. 66. ■ Heniy, 2:6. ^^'atson, Edward, second Lord Rocking- ham, 266. Webl), Tho.na.s, 213. \^'eljster, Mr. 261. Wedks, Mr. 223. Wills, Mrs. aunt of Sir G. Radeliffe, 53. Wells, Mrs. 245. Wentworth family, 4. Sir U illiani, 79. Sir Gc'iige, specimen of cypher used Ijy him, 228, 233, 251. LadN .^nne, 2 '8. Lady Arabe'la, 266. M'eston Lord rro.a>urer, 273. Widdrington, T. 257- \\'illoui;liby. Sir I'rancis, 242. Wi'dot, Dr.' .4n(hew, V7- \^'iu^lebanke, Mr. Secretary, 198, 221. V\itheride, J. 203. Wharton, Lord, 214, 216. \A hitakres, Jeremy, 82. Whituker, Rev. Edward, 7, 33, 55. Wood, Anthonv, 8. Worsley, Sir Richard, his death, 21. Wortley, curious inscription at, 24. ^ Sir Ricliard, 23, 31. Sir Thomas, epitaph on, 24. Sir Franci.s, 23, 24, 31. Francis, 19, 20, 27, 32. Y. York, Duke of, 285, 286 Yorksliire, ill provided with conveniences of life furmerlv, 170. ERRATA. Page 5, line 16, for** presented,*' reail " presents.'* Page 8, Note, for " which liOU/. would Ihtn have doue," re<.rf *' for which 15001. would then have been sufficient." Page II, line 3, riad *' nearly undeviating." Page 23, Note, line .i, for " Dragon of Wortlej-," read " Dragon of WiBtlcy." Page 60. Note, line 3, for ** paternal," read *' maternal." Page 123, line 8, for " Hri\'ing," rend " by driving." Page 18 i, Note, for ** Theanor," read *' N'icauor." Page 191, Note, after "it," iusert ** was.** . Page 2.'>7, Note, for " day," read " year." Page 262, Note, for " Uelvoetsluys," read " Flaihing." 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