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HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, 
 
 FnOM ITS rnUNDATION I!Y 
 
 TO WHICH ARE ADDED 
 
 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT MEN EDUCATED THERE 
 
 a %ist of tijc (©oboroflr^. 
 
 I'jie 
 
 M^-> L> 
 
 Annit : Aigtul, a cross Gules, in the dexter chief a dagger of tlie ■tecond, City of LJbmioiii 
 on a chief Azure, between two Ikurs de lis Or, a rose Argent. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PHINTED BY AND FOK JOHN NICHOLS AND SON, 25, I'ARI.l AM ENT-STREET ; 
 
 AND SOLI) IIV 
 
 TAYLOR AND HESSEY, 1 I.Er.T-STHEET. 
 
 18^^1. 
 
:.\v 
 

 TO JOHN NICMOLS, ESQ. F.S.A. 
 
 To whom can I with more propriety dedicate 
 the following pages than to you, Sir, the first cause 
 of their publication? To your fostering care I was 
 indebted for my admission into the Royal and 
 Antient Foundation here treated of; by you I was 
 afterwards placed in a situation that has enabled 
 me to arrange the information I have obtained ; 
 and from the rich stores of your library I have 
 derived material assistance in . the course of the 
 work. Deign, then, worthy Sir, to accept this 
 sincere token of respect and gratitude from one 
 who, apprehensive that were he to say more it 
 might assume the appearance of flattery, begs to 
 subscribe himself. 
 
 Your greatly obliged 
 
 and obedient servant, 
 
 JOHN ILIFF WILSON. 
 
 M3759K5 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In consequence of the flattering reception which 
 my '* Brief History of Christ's Hospital" expe- 
 rienced, although a mere epitome of that excellent 
 institution, I was induced, at the request of some 
 friends of my own standing in the school, to un- 
 dertake a more extended History of the Hospital. 
 Though I have not the vanity to imagine that I 
 can oflfer much original information, yet I may, 
 possibly, by collecting the scattered notices of the 
 Hospital, succeed in compiling a work that may 
 deserve a corner in the libraries of those interested 
 in the subject. 
 
 The account of the foundation of the Hospital 
 is taken from Stow's Survey of London, and 
 printed verbatim, for the reason there stated ; the 
 rest of the historical part is furnished by the otlier 
 London historians (principally Mr. Malcolm's 
 " Londinium Redivivum"), corrected by the evi- 
 dence taken before the Committee on Public Edu- 
 cation, and enlarged by the local information of a 
 live years' residence. 
 
 a 2 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 The idea of giving biographical notices of the 
 eminent men who were educated there originated 
 with a gentleman whose attachment to the Hos- 
 pital affords him peculiar delight when dwelling 
 on the early scenes of his boyhood. Reading 
 casually the memoir of one of our eminent men, 
 he lamented that these notices were not collected, 
 and formed into a volume, for the occasional 
 indulgence of those whose feelings were conge- 
 nial with his own. I believed, and that sincerely, 
 that the far greater number of those educated 
 there possessed the same sentiments, and I was 
 therefore induced to adopt this plan in the present 
 edition. My object has been to notice, as far as 
 information could be obtained, ail those who may 
 be considered public characters. 
 
 The biographical list, I regret to state, notwith- 
 standing the assistance received from literary 
 friends, is but confined, and forms only a small 
 portion of the eminent men who received their 
 education in that extensively useful foundation. 
 After diligently searching the standard biogra- 
 phical works for notices of eminent men of past 
 ages (in which about two thirds of them have 
 no place of education mentioned), I may be al- 
 lowed to notice the difKculty of obtaining infor- 
 mation respecting those of the present day. Ex- 
 cept in a few instances where notices of the in- 
 dividuals had previously, through accidental cir- 
 
PREFACE. VU 
 
 cumstances, been before the publick, I have not 
 been able to obtain miicli information. Even in 
 these cases, where I have submitted what had been 
 before printed to their correction as to matters of 
 fact, the extreme delicacy and reluctance that has 
 been shewn in interfering with what concerned 
 themselves has in some degree been the means of 
 depriving the publick of some valuable information. 
 In answer to one of my enquiries, I received a 
 very complimentary letter, in which was the fol- 
 lowing passage : " Notices of this kind are gene- 
 rally supposed to originate with the object of 
 them ; and as presumed proofs (however falsely) 
 of vanity and forwardness, they often, I believe, 
 do injury where they are intended to confer a be- 
 nefit." Thus the publick must frequently remain 
 in error merely because a gentleman cannot be in- 
 duced to correct a memoir of himself as to matters 
 of fact, withont exposing himself to the charge of 
 writing his own life. Every thing has, however, 
 been conducted in so complimentary a manner 
 towards myself that I have no reason to complain 
 if the publick is satisfied. 
 
 If the above will not suffice as an apology for 
 the scantiness of my biographical notices, I shall 
 take the liberty of extracting an observation of 
 my friend Mr. Dyer, in his account of the emi- 
 nent men belonging to the University of Cam- 
 bridge, that *' to attempt what is impossible to 
 
VIU PREFACE. 
 
 execute is madness ; and to profess that wherein 
 both our consciences and our reader's must have 
 borne testimony against the falsehood, would be 
 something worse. In the [succeeding] history, 
 then, there was no aim at a complete account of 
 all our learned men ; and to acknowledge it to be 
 defective, where it does not profess to be perfect, 
 will be no derogation of it." 
 
 It will probably be said that the records of the 
 Hospital were the authorities I should have con- 
 sulted for the necessary information ; but I must 
 here state that I have had the misfortune of un- 
 dertaking the work at a period when the various 
 duties of the gentlemen connected with the esta- 
 blishment entirely precluded any of them from 
 affording me the least assistance. If the publick 
 should hereafter require an improved edition of the 
 work, these gentlemen, or their succesors, may 
 have more leisure to permit the books of the Hos- 
 pital to afford information towards the prosecution 
 of the subject ; and in aid of a publication, the 
 object of which is to represent the establishment, 
 and all connected with it, in a point of view that 
 could have no other tendency than to its honour. 
 
 If, however, I have been unsuccessful within the 
 walls, the contrary has been the case without, my 
 applications having received the most flattering 
 attention. 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 From Mr. Dyer I have gained many valuable 
 hints, and his very interesting " History of the 
 Colleges and Halls of Cambridge" likewise sup- 
 plied the names of several eminent characters who 
 were of Christ's Hospital previous to joining that 
 University. 
 
 I feel myself greatly indebted to Mr. Leigh 
 Hunt, whose attachment to the Hospital (and I 
 might almost say every thing connected with it) is 
 evident throughout his writings. His kind assist- 
 ance was offered in the most obliging manner as 
 soon as he understood the work was in prepa- 
 ration. 
 
 To my late Governor and present Patron, John 
 Nichols, esq. I am indebted for the free use of the 
 rich stores in his valuable library, which furnished 
 every authority that I had occasion to consult. 
 The ready access here granted demands my grate- 
 ful thanks, and adds one obligation more to the 
 many for which I am already indebted to him. 
 
 Conscious that, notwithstanding the above as- 
 sistance, the imperfections of the work will be 
 but too apparent, I must beg the liberty of stating 
 that it is the production of two or three leisure 
 hours in an evening, and that my " midnight oil" 
 has occasionally been expended in completing the 
 task imposed u])on myself This I mention be- 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 cause in such a case the difficulty of consulting 
 various authorities is greatly increased; and should 
 any of my readers express the same surprise which 
 has, I understand, been already whispered, that 
 I should, under such circumstances, undertake 
 the work, my reply is, labor ipse voluptas. 
 
 September 9,1, 1821. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 Memoir of the Founder 1 
 
 History of the Hospital : 
 
 The Grey Friers 23 
 
 Origin of the Foundation 27 
 
 Foundation 31 
 
 The Dress 33 
 
 Benefactions 35 
 
 The Mathematical School 45 
 
 The Hall 45 
 
 The Buttery 53 
 
 The Writing School 54 
 
 The Lavatory 56 
 
 The Grammar School 57 
 
 The Counting House 58 
 
 State of the Building 64 
 
 Subscription for Re-building 67 
 
 Extent of the Establishment 69 
 
 Government of the Hospital : 
 
 Appointment of Governors by Benefaction 7 1 
 
 Duties of the Governors 75 
 
 Officers on the Establishment 77 
 
 Duties of the Officers 78 
 
XU CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 Government of the Hospital : 
 
 Mode of Presentation 83 
 
 Regulations for Admission 84 
 
 Admission and Discharge 86 
 
 Mode of Instruction 88 
 
 Examination Days 93 
 
 School Hours 95 
 
 Vacations 95 
 
 Public Suppers 98 
 
 Library 101 
 
 Income and Expenditure 102 
 
 Form of Burial 103 
 
 Mr. Lamb's Essay " On Christ's Hospital and the Charac- 
 ter of the Boys' 105 
 
 Memoirs of Eminent Blues : 
 
 Of Edmund Campian 129 
 
 William Camden 132 
 
 Rev. David Baker, M. A : 159 
 
 Rev. John Vicars, M. A 161 
 
 Rev. Joshua Barnes, B. D 163 
 
 James Jurin, M. D 174 
 
 Jeremiah Markland, M.A 176 
 
 Rev. James Brown, D. D 194 
 
 Rev. Paul Wright, D. D 195 
 
 Rev. Thomas Bowman, M. A 200 
 
 Rev. Thomas Penty cross, M. A 200 
 
 Rev. Charles Edward De Coetlogon, M. A 209 
 
 Rev. John Penn, LL.B 215 
 
 Rev. John Prince, M. A 215 
 
 Rev. Daniel Neale, M.A 215 
 
 Mr. George Dyer 216 
 
 Rev. George Richards, D. D 224 
 
 Rev. Matthew Field, M. A 225 
 
CONTENTS. Xlll 
 
 Page 
 Memoirs of Eminent Blues : 
 
 Of the Rev. Dr. Thomas Fanshaw Middleton, Bishop 
 
 of Calcutta 226 
 
 Mr. S. T. Coleridge 227 
 
 Rev. George Townsend, M. A 236 
 
 Mr. Charles Lamb 236 
 
 Mr. Thomas Skinner Surr 247 
 
 Rev. Charles Valentine Le Grice, M. A 253 
 
 Mr. James White 255 
 
 Mr. Henry Meyer 261 
 
 Rev. John Rogers Pitman, M. A 265 
 
 Rev. Thomas Mitchell, M. A 266 
 
 Mr. James Henry Leigh Hunt 268 
 
 Mr. Thomas Barnes 275 
 
 Rev. Arthur William Trollope, D. D 275 
 
 Rev. John Ditton, M. A 276 
 
 Rev. James Penn, B. A 276 
 
 Thornton, Sir Edward 277 
 
 George Godwin, Esq 277 
 
 Robert Precious, Esq 277 
 
 Rev. James Scholefield, M. A 278 
 
 Mr. Henry Woodthorpe 278 
 
 Mr. George Norton 278 
 
 Appendix : 
 
 Translation of the Charter of King Edward the Sixth 
 of Foundation of the Hospitals of Christ, Bride- 
 well, and St. Thomas the Apostle 279 
 
 List of the Governors 295 
 
 List of Officers 308 
 
MEMOIR 
 
 jfountrer of Cfjmt's flospital. 
 
 King Edward the Sixth was the only son of 
 Henry VIII. by Queen Jane Seymour, and was 
 born October 12, 153J. He was a prince of a 
 peculiarly mild and gentle disposition ; and from 
 his maternal uncle, the Duke of Somerset, im- 
 bibed a zeal for that great work, the Reformation, 
 which, amidst all the confusions of the state, made 
 great progress during his reign. 
 
 It has been said by some of King Edward's 
 biographers, that " he deserves notice as a young 
 prince of great promise and high accomplishments, 
 rather than as a sovereign, although in the latter 
 character he afforded every presage of excellence, 
 had his life been spared." Without disputing the 
 truth of the remark, it may be observed, that his 
 public acts as a sovereign will endear his memory 
 to his country as long as the noble institutions in 
 which he was concerned are in existence ; and the 
 
2 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 benefits of these will far outlive any private vir- 
 tues, however beneficial they might have been to 
 the age in which he lived. It is in his character 
 as sovereign that we are to consider him as the 
 Founder of the Institution now before us ; for it 
 cannot be imagined that even Christ's Hospital, 
 matchless as it is in general utility, would have 
 received that early patronage if founded by a pri- 
 vate individual, which it could scarcely fail of 
 obtaining when endowed by a king. 
 
 The dissolution of the monasteries by Henry 
 enabled him to grant divers lands to the City of 
 London for charitable purposes ; but these grants 
 lay dormant till the benevolent disposition of his 
 son was aroused by the persevering endeavours of 
 the truly pious Bishop of London (Dr. Ridley), as 
 will be seen in the sequel. 
 
 In 1552, when only in his fifteenth year, the 
 great foundations which have rendered him so 
 celebrated in after-ages took place. By one royal 
 charter (a copy of which will be found in the Ap- 
 pendix) he incorporated " The Mayor, Common- 
 alty, and Citizens of London, Governors of the 
 Possessions, Revenues, and Goods of the Hospi- 
 tals of Edward the Sixth, King of England." 
 These were, Christ's Hospital, St. Bartholomew's, 
 Bridewell, and St. Thomas's Hospitals. 
 
 The year following he was seized with the mea- 
 sles, and afterwards with the small-pox, the effects 
 of which it was imagined he never quite reco- 
 
MExMOlU OF THE FOUNDER. 3 
 
 vered. During his progress through a part of the 
 kingdom, he was afflicted with a cough which 
 proved obstinate, and gave way to neither regimen 
 or medicines, but was succeeded by alarming- 
 symptoms of consumption. His youth, and the 
 advance of the season, it was hoped, would ena- 
 ble him to withstand these successive attacks ; 
 but, to the great grief of his subjects, his health 
 and vigour continued to decline, until scarcely a 
 hope was left of his recovery. At this critical 
 period his physicians were dismissed by the Earl 
 of Northumberland's advice; and the young King 
 was entrusted to the care of an ignorant woman, 
 who, it appears, undertook to restore him to 
 health in a short time. The medicines prescribed 
 were found worse than useless, for the violent 
 symptoms of his disorder appeared greatly aggra- 
 vated ; and on the 6th of July 1553 he expired at 
 Greenwich, in the sixteenth year of his age, and 
 the seventh of his reign. 
 
 The following account of the last moments of 
 King Edward is copied from Bishop Burnet's " His- 
 tory of the Reformation ;" to which is added his 
 character, as given in that celebrated work : — 
 
 " Upon the approach of death, the King seemed 
 quite calm and composed, and was only heard to 
 utter short prayers and ejaculations, the last of 
 which was the following : — ' Lord God, deliver 
 me out of this miserable and wretched life, and 
 take me among thy chosen ; howbeit, not my will 
 b2 
 
4 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 but thine be done ; Lord, I commit my spirit 
 to thee. O Lord, thou knowest how happy it 
 were for me to be with thee : yet for thy chosen*s 
 sake send me Hfe and health, that I may truly 
 serve thee. O my Lord God, bless my people, 
 and save thine inheritance ; O Lord God, save 
 thy chosen people of England j O Lord, defend 
 this realm from papistry, and maintain thy true 
 religion, that I and my people may praise thy holy 
 name, for Jesus Christ his sake.' 
 
 " Seeing some about him, he seemed troubled 
 that they were so near and had heard him ; but, 
 with a pleasant countenance, he said he had been 
 praying to God. And soon after, the pangs of 
 death coming on him, he said to Sir Henry Sid- 
 ney, who was holding him in his arms, * I am 
 faint ; Lord have mercy upon me, and receive my 
 spirit ;' and so he breathed out his innocent soul. 
 The Duke of Northumberland, according to Ce- 
 cil's relation, intended to have concealed his death 
 a fortnight, but it could not be done. 
 
 '* Thus died King Edward the Sixth, that in- 
 comparable young prince. He was then in the 
 sixteenth year of his age, and was counted the 
 wonder of that time. He was not only learned 
 in the tongues and other liberal sciences, but 
 knew well the state of his kingdom. He kept 
 a book, in which he writ the characters that were 
 given him of all the chief men of the nation, all 
 the Judges, Lord -lieutenants, and Justices of 
 
MEMOIR OF THE FOUNDER. 5 
 
 the Peace, over England: in it he had marked 
 down their way of living, and their zeal for religion. 
 He had studied the matter of the mint, with the 
 exchange, and value of money ; so that he under- 
 stood it well, as appears by his Journal. He also 
 understood fortification, and designed well. He 
 knew all the harbours and ports, both of his own 
 dominions and of France and Scotland ; and how 
 much water they had, and what was the way of 
 coming into them. He had acquired great know- 
 ledge in foreign affairs; so that he talked with the 
 ambassadors about them in sucli a manner that 
 they filled all the world with the highest opinion of 
 him that was possible ; which appears in most of 
 the histories of that age. He had great quickness 
 of apprehension ; and being mistrustful of his me- 
 mory, used to take notes of almost every thing 
 he heard : he writ these first in Greek characters, 
 that those about him might not understand them, 
 and afterwards writ them out in his Journal. He 
 had a copy brought him of every thing that passed 
 in Council, which he put in a chest, and kept the 
 key of that always himself. 
 
 "In a word, the natural and acquired perfections 
 of his mind were wonderful ; but his virtues and 
 true piety were yet more extraordinary. He was 
 such a friend to justice, that, though he loved his 
 uncle the Duke of Somerset much, yet, when he 
 was possessed of a belief of his designing to mur- 
 der his fellow-councellors, he was alienated from 
 
b HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 him : and being then but fourteen, it was^no won- 
 der if that was too easily infused into him. His 
 chief favourite was Barnaby Fitz-Patrick, to whom 
 he writ many letters and instructions when he 
 sent him to be bred in France. In one of his let- 
 ters to him he writ, ' That he must not think to 
 live like an ambassador, but like a private gentle- 
 man, who was to be advanced as he deserved it. 
 He allowed him to keep but four servants: he 
 charged him to follow the company of gentlemen, 
 rather than of ladies ; that he should not be super- 
 fluous in his apparel; that he should go to the cam- 
 paign, and observe well the conduct of armies, and 
 the fortification of strong places ; and let the King 
 know always when he needed money, and he 
 would supply him.' All these, with many other 
 directions, the King writ with his own hand : and 
 at his return, to let him see he intended to raise 
 him by degrees, he gave him a pension only of 150 
 pounds. This Fitz-Patrick did afterwards fully 
 answer the opinion the young King had of him. 
 He was bred up with him in learning ; and, as it 
 is said, had been his whipping-boy, who, according 
 to the rule of educating our princes, was always 
 to be whipped for the King's faults. He was af- 
 terwards made by Queen Elizabeth Baron of Up- 
 per Ossory in Ireland, which was his native 
 country. 
 
 "King Edward was tender and compassionate in 
 a high measure : so that he vvas nuich against the 
 
MEMOIR OF THE FOUNDER. 7 
 
 taking away the lives of heretics ; and therefore 
 said to Cranmer, when he persuaded liim to sign 
 the warrant for the burning of Joan of Kent, that 
 he was not wiUing to do it, because he thought 
 that was to send her quick to hell. He expressed 
 great tenderness to the miseries of the poor in his 
 sickness, as hath been already shewn. He took 
 particular care of the suits of all poor persons, and 
 gave Dr. Cox special charge to see that their peti- 
 tions were speedily answered, and used to consult 
 with him how to get their matters set forward. He 
 was an exact keeper of his word ; and therefore, as 
 appears by his Journal, was most careful to pay 
 his debts, and to keep his credit, knowing that to 
 be the chief nerve of government ; since a prince 
 that breaks his faith, and loses his credit, has 
 thrown up that which he can never recover, and 
 made himself liable to perpetual distrusts and ex- 
 treme contempt. 
 
 " He had, above all things, a great regard to Re- 
 lio-ion. He took notes of such things as he heard 
 in sermons which more especially concerned him- 
 self; and made his measures of all men by that 
 matter. This made him set on bringing over his 
 sister Mary to the same persuasions with himself, 
 that, when he was pressed to give way to her hav- 
 ing mass, he said, that he would not only hazard 
 the loss of the Emperor's friendship, but of his life, 
 and all he had in the world, rather than consent 
 to what he knew was a sin ; and he cited some 
 
8 
 
 passages of Scripture that obliged kings to root 
 out idolatry ; and did argue the matter so learnedly 
 with the Bishops that they left him, being amazed 
 at his knowledge of Divinity ; so that Cranmer 
 took Cheke by the hand upon it, and said, he had 
 reason all the days of his life to rejoice that God 
 had honoured him to breed such a scholar. All 
 men who saw and observed these qualities in him, 
 looked on him as one raised by God for most ex- 
 traordinary ends ; and, when he died, concluded 
 that the sins of England must needs be very great, 
 that had provoked God to take from them a prince 
 under whose government they were like to have 
 seen such blessed times. He was so affable and 
 sweet-natured, that all had free access to him at 
 all times, by which he came to be most universally 
 beloved ; and all the high things that could be de- 
 vised were said by the people to express their es- 
 teem of him. The fable of the phoenix pleased 
 most ; so they made his mother one phoenix, and 
 him another rising out of her ashes. But grave 
 men compared him to Josiah ; and long after I 
 find, both in letters and printed books, they com- 
 monly name him our Josias. Others call him Ed- 
 ward the Saint. ' A prince of such qualities, so 
 much esteemed and beloved, could not but be 
 much lamented at his death ; and this made those 
 of the Reformation abhor the Duke of Northum- 
 berland, who, they suspected, had hastened him 
 to an untimely end, which contributed as much 
 
MEMOIR OF THE FOUNDER. 9 
 
 as any thing to the establishing Queen Mary on 
 the throne ; for the people reckoned none could 
 be so unworthy to govern as those who had poi- 
 soned so worthy a prince, and so kind a master. 
 I find nothing of opening his body for giving satis- 
 faction about that which brought him to his end, 
 but his lying unburied till the 8th of August 
 makes it probable that he was opened. 
 
 ** But, indeed, the sins of England did at this 
 time call down from Heaven heavy curses on this 
 land. They are sadly expressed in a sermon that 
 Ridley writ soon after, under the title of ' The 
 Lamentation of England.' He says, ' lechery, op- 
 pression, pride, covetousness, and a hatred and 
 scorn of religion, were generally spread among 
 the people, chiefly those of the higher rank.' 
 Cranmer and he had been much disliked ; the for- 
 mer for delivering his conscience so freely on the 
 Duke of Somerset's death ; and both of them for 
 opposing so much the rapine and spoil of the goods 
 of the Church, which was done without law or 
 order. Nor could they engage any to take care 
 of relieving the poor, except only Uobbs, who was 
 then Lord Mayor of London. These sins were 
 openly preached against by Latimer, Leaver, Brad- 
 ford, and Knox, who did it more severely, and by 
 others who did it plainly, though more softl}'. One 
 of the main causes Ridley gives of all these evils 
 was, that many of the Bishops, and most of the 
 Clergy, being all the w^hile Pa])ists in heart, who 
 
10 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 had only complied to preserve their benefices, took 
 no care of their parishes, and were rather well 
 pleased that things were ill managed. And of this 
 that good Bishop had been long very apprehensive 
 when he considered the sins then prevailing, and 
 the judgment which they had reason to look for, 
 as will appear by an excellent letter which he sent 
 about to his clergy, to set them on to such duties 
 as so bad a prospect required." 
 
 " His excellent disposition, his piety and zeal in 
 the Protestant cause, together with his boundless 
 charities, have rendered the memory of King Ed- 
 ward justly dear to his country. He possessed 
 in an eminent degree a capacity to learn and 
 judge, and an ardent attachment to equity and 
 justice. Mr. Lodge, in the Account of the Hol- 
 bein Portraits, says of him, that " with great 
 endowments we find Edward mild, patient, bene- 
 ficent, sincere, and affable; free from all the 
 faults, and uniting all the perfections of the royal 
 persons of his family who preceded or followed 
 him: courageous and steady, but humane and just j 
 bountiful without profusion ; pious without bi- 
 gotry ; graced with a dignified simplicity of con- 
 duct in common affairs, which suited his rank as 
 well as his years, and artlessly obeying the impulses 
 of his perfect mind, in assuming, as occasions re- 
 quired, the majesty of the monarch, the gravity of 
 the statesman, and the familiarity of the gentle- 
 
MEMOIR OF THE FOUNDER. 11 
 
 His reign was, upon the whole, rendered turbu- 
 lent by the factious intrigues of his courtiers. 
 They did not fail to take advantage of his tender 
 years ; and engaged him to sanction measures 
 which, there is little doubt, his more matured 
 judgment at a future period would have made him 
 discountenance. 
 
 In this reforming age he must be a bold minis- 
 ter who would advise his sovereign to send circu- 
 lar letters to returning officers, recommending 
 the persons to be chosen at a general election. 
 Yet such a measure did young Edward's ministers 
 not only propose, but engaged him to adopt. 
 After a general exhortation to the people to choose 
 men of knowledge and experience for their repre- 
 sentatives, the King concludes, " And yet, never- 
 theless, our pleasure is, that where our privy coun- 
 cil, or any of them, shall, in our behalf, recom- 
 mend, within their jurisdiction, men of learning 
 and wisdom, in such cases their directions shall 
 be regarded and followed, as tending to the same, 
 and which we desire; that is, to have this assembly 
 composed of the persons best fitted to give advice 
 and good council." Hume observes, " it was 
 an expedient that could not have been practised, 
 or even thought of, in an age when there was any 
 idea of liberty." In the case before us, however, it 
 was not only considered inoffensive, but generally 
 followed, as the new parliament fully answered 
 the expectations of the Earl of Northumberland, 
 
12 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 who was at that time at the head of the govern- 
 ment. It may be worth while to compare the state 
 of public feeling at that period with the present : 
 — so far from a Treasury recommendation being 
 now likely to forward the interest of candidates, 
 we find them disclaiming, as far as possible, any 
 connexion with the government ; aware that of 
 all the charges which can be brought against them 
 at an election, there is none so likely to render 
 them unsuccessful. 
 
 Many authors have preserved accounts of King 
 Edward's writings. Holland affirms that he not 
 only wrote notes from the sermons or lectures he 
 heard, but composed a comedy, entitled *' The 
 Whore of Babylon," in Latin. It is more certain, 
 however, that he wrote "The Sum of a Conference 
 with the Lord Admiral," which, in his own hand, 
 is extant among the Ashmolean MSS. ; " A Me- 
 thod for the Proceedings in the Council," in the 
 Cottonian library; and " King Edward the Sixth's 
 own Arguments against the Pope's Supremacy," 
 &c. translated out of the original, written with the 
 King's own hand in French, and still preserved. 
 To which are added some remarks upon his life 
 and reign, in vindication of his memory from Dr. 
 Heylin's severe and unjust censure, Lond. 1682. 
 He drew himself the draught of a sumptuary 
 law, which is preserved by Strype ; and an ac- 
 count of a progress he made, which he sent to 
 his favourite, Barnabv Fitz- Patrick, then in France. 
 
MEMOIR OF THE FOUNDER. 13 
 
 The same author has given some specimens of 
 his Latin epistles and orations, and an account 
 of two books written by him ; the first before 
 he was twelve years of age, called " L'encontre 
 les Abus du Monde/' a tract of thirty-seven 
 leaves, in French, against the abuses of Po- 
 pery. It is dedicated to the Protector, his un- 
 cle j is corrected by his French tutor, and attested 
 by him to be the King's own composition. An 
 original copy of this tract is now in the British 
 Museum. The other, preserved in the library of 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, is, " A Translation 
 into French of several Passages of Scripture, 
 which forbid Idolatry, or worshipping of false 
 Gods." 
 
 Bishop Tanner gives a list of Edward's letters 
 that are extant ; and there is a large folio MS. in 
 the British Museum, containing his exercises in 
 Greek, Latin, and English, with his signature to 
 each of them, as King of England. Cardan the 
 philosopher, who visited England during his reign, 
 says, that at the age of fifteen the Prince had learned 
 seven languages, and was perfect in English, 
 French, and Latin ; and adds, " he spoke Latin 
 with as much elegance and readiness as myself. 
 He was a pretty good logician, understood natu- 
 ral philosophy, and played upon the lute. The 
 good and the learned had formed the highest ex- 
 pectations of him, from the sweetness of his dispo- 
 sition, and the excellence of his talents. He had 
 
14 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 begun to favour learning before he was a great 
 scholar himself, and to be acquainted with it be- 
 fore he could make use of it. Alas ! how prophe- 
 tically did he once repeat to me, 
 
 ' Immodicis bi-evis est cetas, et rara senediis.' " 
 
 Bishop Burnet adds to this high character the 
 following pleasing anecdote : " King Edward the 
 Sixth gave very early indications of a good dispo- 
 sition to learning, and of a most wonderful probity 
 of mind, and, above all, of great respect to Reli- 
 gion, and every thing relating to it ; so that when 
 he was once in one of his childish diversions, 
 somewhat being to be reached at that he and his 
 companions were too low for, one of them laid on 
 the floor a great Bible that was in the room, to 
 step on, which he beholding, with great indigna- 
 tion took up, and gave over his play for that 
 time." The same historian has also printed a new 
 service, which was translated by the young Mo- 
 narch from English into Latin, with a view to abo- 
 lish certain superstitious ceremonies used at the 
 installation of the Knights of the Garter. The 
 Bishop has also published what is generally consi- 
 dered to do more credit to the youthful Monarch 
 than all his other writings, which is his " Diary or 
 Journal." In this there is a clear proof of his 
 sense, knowledge, and goodness, far beyond what 
 could have been expected at his years. " It 
 gives," says Lord Orford, " hopes of proving a 
 good king, as in so green an age he seemed re- 
 
MEMOIR OF THE FOUNDER. 1.5 
 
 solved to be acquainted with his subjects and his 
 kingdom." The original is in the Cottonian 
 library, with the paper already mentioned, in the 
 King's hand-writing, which contains hints and di- 
 rections delivered to the Privy Council Jan. 18, 
 1551. Mr. Parke has re-printed this curious paper 
 in the " Royal and Noble Authors," from whence 
 it is here extracted. 
 
 " Certein Pointes of waighty Matters to be imme- 
 diatly concluded on by my Counsell. 18 Janu- 
 arii 1551. 
 
 " 1. The conclusion for the payment of our 
 dettis in February next comming. 
 
 " 2. The matter for the stiliard to be so consi- 
 derid that it may be to our profit, and wealth of 
 our subiectes. 
 
 " 3. The matter for the duke of Somersete and 
 his confederates to be considered as apartaineth to 
 our surety and quietnes of our realme, that by 
 there punishement and execution, according to 
 the lawes, example may be shewed to others. 
 
 " 4. The resolution for the bishops that be no- 
 minatid. 
 
 " 5. Mony for our ambassadours diettes, to be 
 sent them forthwith. 
 
 " 6. Displacing our commissionars to Guisnes, 
 to see the state thereof. 
 
 " 7- Taking some order with the Londoners, 
 that they that come to our parliement may not be 
 
16 HISTORY OF CHIUSl's HOSPITAL. 
 
 liolly discouragid, empovrished, or weried with 
 their attendaunce, wich order cannot be well taken 
 (as me thinketh) without punishing th' ofFendours. 
 
 " 8. The matter for thexchauiig, to be well 
 wayed and considerid. 
 
 " 9. The bishop of Durham's matters to be ex- 
 ecutid according to our lawes." 
 
 King Edward has been ranked among the reli- 
 gious poets of his own reign, on account of the 
 following metrical instructions respecting the Eu- 
 charist, which were " given to Sir Anthony Seynt 
 Leger, knight of his privy chamber, being of a 
 corrupt judgment,'* and printed by Fox, in his 
 Martyrology ; who adds, in a note, "this piece 
 is worthy of perpetual memory, to the immortal 
 fame and glory of this young prince." 
 
 Upon this Saying of an ancient Doctor of the CathoHke 
 Church : — " Dicimus Eucharistam Panem vocari in Scrip- 
 turis, Panis in quo Gratice acta sunt," &c. 
 
 In Eucharist then there is bread, 
 
 Wherto I do consent : 
 Then with bread are our bodies fed ; 
 And further what is meant ? 
 
 St. Austen saith, the word doth come, 
 
 Unto the element ; 
 And there is made, he saith, in summe, 
 
 A perfect sacrament. 
 
MEMOIR OF THE FOUNDER. IJ 
 
 The element doth then remaine ; 
 
 Or else must needes ensue — 
 St. Austens words be nothing plaine 
 
 Nor cannot be found true. 
 
 For if the word, as he doth say, 
 
 Come to the element ; 
 Then is not tlie element away, 
 
 But bides there verament. 
 
 Yet whoso eateth that lively foode, 
 
 And hath a perfect faith, 
 Receiveth Christes flesh and blood ; — 
 
 For Christ himselfe so saith. 
 
 Not with our teeth his flesh to teare, 
 
 Nor take blood for our drinke ; — 
 Too great an absurdity it were 
 
 So grossly for to thinke. 
 
 For we must eat him spiritually. 
 
 If we be spirituall : 
 And whoso eates him carnally, 
 
 Thereby shall have a fall. 
 
 For he is now a spirituall meate 
 
 And spiritually we must 
 That spirituall meat spiritually eat, 
 
 And leave our carnall lust. 
 
 Thus by the Spirit, I spiritually 
 
 Beleeve, — say what men list ; 
 None other transubstantiation I 
 
 Beleeve of the Eucharist : 
 C 
 
18 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 But that there is both bread and wine 
 "Which we see with our eye ; 
 
 Yet Christ is there by power divine, 
 To those that spiritually 
 
 Do eate that bread and drink that cup, 
 
 Esteeming it but light 
 As Judas did, which eate that sop 
 
 Not judging it aright. 
 
 For I was taught, not long agone, 
 I should leane to the Spirit, 
 
 And let the carnall flesh alone, 
 For [that] it doth not profit. 
 
 God save him that teaching me taught, 
 
 For I thereby did winne 
 To put from me that carnall thought 
 
 That I before was in. 
 
 For I beleeve Christ corporally 
 In heaven doth keep his place ; 
 
 And yet Christ sacramentally 
 Is here with us by grace. 
 
 So that in his high mystery 
 We must eate spirituall meat. 
 
 To keep his death in memorie, 
 Lest we should it forget. 
 
 This doe I say, this have I said, 
 
 This saying say will I, 
 This saying, though I once denaid, 
 
 I will no more to die." 
 
MEMOIR OF THE FOUNDER. 19 
 
 Bishop Montague attests that King Edward 
 wrote several epistles and orations, both in Greek 
 and Latin, and a treatise, " De Fide," addressed 
 to the Duke of Somerset. 
 
 Dr. Fuller also, in his " Worthies of Middle- 
 sex," has treasured four letters by this Prince 
 which were addressed to Barnaby Fitz-Patrick, a 
 gentleman of his bedchamber, who had been 
 brought up with him ; and they evince no less 
 sweetness of temper than excellence of under- 
 standing. 
 
 The following short epistles, addressed at an 
 earlier period to his step-mother, and sister, con- 
 vey, says Mr. Park, pleasing denotations of an 
 amiable mind : the originals are preserved in Harl. 
 MS. 6986. 
 
 "Ala tres noble et tres excellente Roine. 
 " Je vous mercie, tres noble et tres excellente 
 Roine, de voz lettres lesquelles vous m*envoiastes 
 dernierement non seulement pour la beaute de voz 
 lettres, mais aussy pour Pinvention des mesmes 
 lettres. Car quand je vous* vostre belle escriture 
 et I'excellence de vostre engin grandement prece- 
 dant mon invention je nausois, vous escrire. Mais 
 quand je pensois que votre nature estoit si bonne, 
 
 * " Voiois, MS." 
 c 2 
 
SOi HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 que toute chose procedant d'un bon esprit et vou- 
 loir s[oit] acceptable, je vous ay escrit ceste 
 lette cy. 
 
 " De ma maison de Hampton-court. 
 
 " Edward." 
 
 '* Charissimae meae Sorori Mariae. 
 
 " Una haec epistola ad duas res valet, charissiraa 
 soror, turn ad agendas tibi pro strena tua gratias, 
 turn ad explendum studium meum scribendi ad te. 
 Strena tua talis est, ut mihi necess^ sit earn plurimi 
 facere ob dignitatem rei, et multum probare ob 
 donantis amorem. 
 
 " Studium meum ad te scribendi tantum est, ut 
 quanquam metebrevi visurum sperem, tamen cum 
 mihi sit otium vix queam mihi ipsi satis facere nisi 
 ad te scripseram *. Non possum enim te non ve- 
 hementer amare ^ qua sentio me plurimum diligi. 
 Dominus Jesus te servet incolumen. 
 
 " Hartfordiae, decimo Januaiii. 
 
 " Amantissimus tui Frater 
 
 *' Edouardus Princeps." 
 
 Baldwin, the original editor of " The Mirror 
 for Magistrates," closes his elegiac poem, intituled, 
 " The Funeralles of King Edward VI." with the 
 following " Death-playnt or Life-prayse of this 
 most noble and vertuous Prince." 
 
 * •' Scripsero, MS." 
 
MEMOIR OF THE FOUNDER. 21 
 
 The noble hart which feare might never nioove, 
 
 Wherin a mindc with vcrtue fraught did rest, 
 
 A face, whose chere allured unto loove 
 
 All hartes, through tyes which pity whole possest : 
 
 The brayne, which wit and wisedome made their chest, 
 
 Fulfyld with all good giftes that man may have, 
 
 Rest with a princely carkas here in grave : 
 
 Whose vertuous giftes immixed with the minde. 
 
 As godly feare, with constant zcale to truth, 
 
 Such skill of lounges, and artes of every kinde, 
 
 Such manhode, prudens, justice joynd with ruth. 
 
 As age seeld hath, though here they greed with youth, 
 
 Are from their wemles undefiled hoast 
 
 Goen hence to heaven with their godly goast. 
 
 Of which two partes, belinkt in lace of life, 
 
 It pleased the Lord to lend us late a king : 
 
 But out, alas ! our sins they wer so rife. 
 
 And we, so unworthy of so good a thing. 
 
 That Atropos did knap in two the string, 
 
 Before her sisters sixtene whurles had spun, 
 
 Or we the gayne of seven yeres rayne through wun. 
 
 Another printed epitaph on this prince is re- 
 corded by Herbert, which begins — 
 
 Adewe, pleasure! 
 Gone is our treasure. 
 
 Morning * maie be our mirth : 
 
 * i. e. Mourning. 
 
HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 That rose did spring, 
 
 Is vaded and lyeth in earth. 
 
 Sir John Hayward says of King Edward, that 
 *• he was in body beautiftd ; of a sweet aspect, es- 
 pecially in his eyes, which seemed to have a starry 
 liveliness and lustre in them." 
 
HISTORY 
 
 CHRIST'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 As a prelude to the History of Christ*s Hospi- 
 tal, it may not be uninteresting briefly to notice 
 the former occupants of the site upon which the 
 Hospital now stands. It may be observed also, 
 that the Grey Friars occupied a portion of the 
 present building, and are therefore still more 
 closely connected with the History of the Hospital. 
 Stow, in his Survey of London, has the following 
 interesting account of this once-flourishing monas- 
 tery, which, he says, was collected out of an an- 
 cient manuscript delivered to him by a friend; 
 and from thence the following particulars of its 
 rise and fall have been extracted: 
 
 " In the yeere 1224, beinge the 8 yeere of the 
 reigne of King Henry the Third, there came out 
 of Italy nine Friers of the order of Franciscans, or 
 Frier Minors, five whereof were priests, and the 
 other foure laymen. The priests placed them- 
 
SJ4 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 selves at Canterbury in Kent ; but the other foure 
 came to London, and were lodged (for some short 
 while) among the preaching Friers, who lived then 
 inOldborne [Holborn]. Afterwards they obtained 
 to be placed in Cornehill, London, in a house be- 
 longing to one John Travers, who was then one of 
 the Sheriffes of London in the same yeere, 1224 ; 
 in which house they made themselves cells, and 
 inhabited there for certaine time, till their number 
 so increased, and the citizens' devotion grew to be 
 so great, that (within a few yeeres after) they 
 were thence removed by the meanes of one John 
 Ewin, mercer, who purchased a void plot of ground 
 neere to Saint Nicholas Shambles, where to erect 
 an house for the said Friers." 
 
 Divers citizens, it appears, joined with this John 
 Ewin in erecting spacious and (according to the 
 ideas of those days) beautiful buildings upon the 
 said plot of ground. The principal part of the 
 expence was, however, borne by Ewin, who after- 
 wards entered the same order as a lay-brother. 
 Among the citizens who were benefactors occurs 
 the name of the celebrated Whittington, who "in 
 the yeere 1249 founded the library, which was in 
 length one hundred twenty and nine foot, and in 
 breadth thirty -one ; all seeled with wainscot, 
 having 28 desks, and 8 double settles of wainscot ; 
 which in the next yeere following was altogether 
 finished in building: and within tlu'ce yeeres after, 
 furnished with bookes, to the charges of five hun- 
 
THE GREY FRIARS. 25 
 
 dred fifty-six pounds, tenne shillings, whereof 
 Richard Whitington bare 400 pounds, and the rest 
 was borne by Dr. Thomas Winchelsey, a Frier 
 there ; and for the writing out of D. Nicholas de 
 Lira his workes, in two volumes, to be chained 
 there, 100 marks, &c." 
 
 To the list of citizens are subjoined the follow- 
 ing royal and noble personages who assisted in 
 adding to the comfort and even splendour of the 
 Grey Friars : Queen Margaret, second wife to 
 Edward the First, who gave during her life 2000 
 marks, and by will 100 marks, towards building a 
 choir to their new church ; John Britaine, Earl of 
 Richmond, SOO pounds towards building tiie body 
 of the church, and many jewels and ornaments to 
 be used in the same ; Mary Countess of Pem- 
 broke 70/. ; Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Glocester, 
 20 "jreat beams out of his forest of Tunbridge, 20/. 
 starlings ; Lady Eleanor de Spencer ; Lady Eliza- 
 beth de Burgh, sister to Gilbert de Clare ; Queen 
 Philippa, wife of Edward the Third, 62/. ; Isabel, 
 Queen-mother to Edward the Third, 70/. The 
 church was consecrated in 1325. 
 
 Thus far the history of the foundation of the 
 Grey Friars, one of the most superb monasteries 
 in the kingdom ; which, after flourishing upwards 
 of three hundred years, was doomed to suffer to 
 satisfy the arbitrary wall of a despotic monarch. 
 
 In 1538 (30 Henry VIII.) at the general sup- 
 pression of religious houses, the church *' was va- 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 lued at 3'2 pound 19 shillings ; surrendered the 12 
 of November, the ornaments and goods being 
 taken to the king's use. The church was shut up 
 for some time, and used as a store-house for goods 
 taken from the French ; but in the year 1546, on 
 the third of January, it was again set open, on 
 which day preached at Paul's Crosse the Bishop of 
 Rochester [Dr. Ridley], where he declared the 
 King's gift thereof to the Citie, for the relieving 
 the poor, which gift was by patents." 
 '»r- In 1546 (38 Henry VIII.) " an agreement was 
 made between the King and Maior and Commu- 
 nalty of London, by which the said gift of the Grey 
 Friers church, with all the edifices and ground, 
 the fratrie, the library, the dortar, and chapter- 
 house, the great cloistre, and the lesser; tene- 
 ments, gardens, and vacant grounds, lead, stone, 
 iron, &c. The Hospitall in West Smithfield, the 
 church of the same ; the lead, bels, and ornaments 
 of the same Hospitall ; with all the messuages, te- 
 nements, and appurtenances. The parishes of S. 
 Ewin and S. Nicholas, and so much of S. Pulcher's 
 parish as is within Newgate, were made one parish 
 church in the Grey Friers church, and called 
 Christ's church, founded by King Henry 8." 
 ^ The dissolution of the religious houses, a mea- 
 sure that arose principally, if not entirely, out of 
 the rapacious conduct of Henry's government, 
 was in many instances attended by consequences 
 the most beneficial to the general interest of the 
 
ORIGIN OF THE FOUNDATION. ^7 
 
 country. Of sucli a nature is this foundation, for 
 it is scarcely possible to form an establishment of 
 more general utility than one which clothes and 
 educates upwards of eleven hundred children, 
 without any expence to their parents, besides fur- 
 nishing them, in particular cases, with an outfit 
 upon leaving school; — and such is the principle 
 of Christ's Hospital. 
 
 In 1552 Dr. Ridley, Bishop of London, had the 
 honour of preaching before King Edward, when 
 he took for his subject Mercy and Charity ; and, 
 according to Stowe, " made a fruitfull and godly 
 exhortation to the rich to be merciful! to the 
 poore, and also to move such as were in authority 
 to travaill by some charitable way and meanes to 
 comfort and relieve them. Whereupon the King's 
 majestic (being a prince of such towardness and 
 virtue for his yeares as England never brought 
 forth, and being also well retained and brought up 
 in all godly knowledge, as well by his deare uncle 
 the late protector [Edward Duke of Somerset], as 
 also by his vertuous and learned schoolmasters) 
 was so careful of the good government of the 
 realme, and chiefely to do and prefer such things 
 as most especially touched the honour of Almighty 
 God. And understanding that a great number of 
 poore people did swarme in this realme, and 
 chiefely in the citie of London, and that no good 
 order was taken for them, did suddenly (and of 
 himselfe) send to the said Bishop, as soon as his 
 
28 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 sermon was ended, willing him not to depart un- 
 till that he had spoken with him. And this that 
 I now write is the very report of the said Bishop 
 Ridley, who (according to the King's command) 
 gave his attendance. 
 
 " And so soone as the King's majestic was at lei- 
 sure, he called for him, and caused him to come unto 
 him at a great gallery at Westminster, where to his 
 knowledge (and the King Hkewise told him so) 
 there was present no more persons than those two, 
 and therefore made him sit downe in one chayre, 
 and hee himselfe in another, which (as it seemed) 
 were before the comming of the Bishop there pur- 
 posely set, and caused the Bishop (maugre his 
 teeth) to be covered, and then entred communica- 
 tion with him in this manner : First giving him 
 harty thankes for his sermon and good exhorta- 
 tion ; he therein rehearsed such speciall things as 
 he had noted, and that so many that the Bishop 
 said, ' Truely, truely (for that commonly was his 
 oath), I could never have thought that excellency 
 to have been in his grace, but that I beheld and 
 heard it in him.' 
 
 " At the last the King's majestic much com- 
 mended him for his exhortation for the reliefe of 
 the poorc. ' For my lord,' quoth he, * you willed 
 such as are in authority to bee careful thereof, and 
 to devise some good order for theire reliefe, 
 wherein I thinke you mean mee ; for I am in 
 highest place, and therefore am the first that must 
 
ORIGIN OF THE FOUNDATION. ^9 
 
 make answer unto God for my negligence, if I 
 should not be careful therein, knowing it to bee 
 the expresse commandement of Almighty God to 
 have compassion of his poore and needy members, 
 for whom we must make an account unto him : 
 And truely, my lord, I am (before all things else) 
 most willing to travaile that way, and I doubting 
 nothing of your long and approved wisdome and 
 learning, who having such good zeale as wisheth 
 healthe unto them ; but also that you have had 
 some conference with others what waies are best 
 to be taken therein, the which I am desirous to 
 understand, and therefore I pray you to say your 
 minde.' 
 
 " The Bishop, thinking least of that matter, and 
 being amazed to heare the wisdome and earnest 
 zeal of the King, was (as hee said himselfe) so as- 
 tonied that he could not well tell what to say. 
 But after some pause said that he thought (at this 
 present) for some entrance to bee had, it were 
 good to practice with the citie of London, because 
 the number of poore there are very greate, and 
 the citizens also are many and wise ; and hee 
 doubted not but that they were also both pitiful! 
 and raercifull, as the Maior and his brethren, and 
 other the worshipfuU of the said citie. And that 
 if it would please the King's majestic to direct his 
 gracious letters unto the Maior of London, willing 
 him to call to him such assistants as he should 
 
so HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL, 
 
 tliinke meete, to consult of this matter, for some 
 order to be taken therein, he doubted not but good 
 would follow thereon. And he himselfe promised 
 to be one that should earnestly travaile therein. 
 
 " The King forthwith not only granted his let- 
 ter, but made the Bishop tarry untill the same was 
 written, and his hand and signet set thereto ; and 
 commanded the Bishop not onely to deliver the 
 said letter himselfe, but also to signify unto the 
 Maior that it was the King's especiall request and 
 expresse commandement, that the Maior should 
 therein travell, and, as soon as he could conve- 
 niently, give him knowledge how far he had pro- 
 ceeded therein. The Bishop was so joyous of 
 the havinge of the letter, and that now he had an 
 occasion to travell in so good a manner, wherein 
 hee was marvellous zealous, that nothing could 
 have more pleased or delighted him ; whereupon 
 the same night hee came to the Lord Maior of 
 London, who was then Sir Richard Dobbes, 
 knight, and delivered the King's letter, and 
 shewed his message with effect. 
 
 *' The Lord Maior not only joyously received 
 this letter, but with all speede agreed to set for- 
 ward the matter, for hee alsoe favoured it very 
 much. And the next day, beinge Munday, hee 
 desired the Bishop of London to dine with him, 
 and against that time the Maior promised to send 
 for such men as he thought mcetest to talke of 
 
FOUNDATION. SI 
 
 this matter ; and see he did. He sent first for 2 
 aldermen and 6 commoners, and afterwards more 
 were appointed, to the number of 24." 
 
 Fearful of lessening the interest of the forego- 
 ing narrative by any alteration, I have thus far 
 adopted Stowe's account verbatim; the more espe- 
 cially as he says " it was had from the Bishop's 
 own mouth.'* 
 
 The above meeting was followed by several 
 others ; for such was the zeal of the truly pious 
 Prelate in the performance of his Christian duties 
 that nothing failed for lack of perseverance. The 
 result was, a report to the King, who expressed 
 his entire approbation thereof, and was not only 
 wiUing to grant a charter of incorporation to those 
 who should become governors, but requested that 
 he might be considered as the Founder and Patron 
 of the same. 
 
 The Hospital being now established, his Ma- 
 jesty was further pleased to confirm the grant of 
 his father of the site of the old monastery of the 
 Grey Friars, and, for the maintenance thereof, to 
 endow it with certain lands and tenements for- 
 merly belonging to the Savoy, of the yearly value 
 of 600/. A petition was soon afterwards presented 
 to the King, for permission to take in mortmain, 
 or otherwise, without licence, lands to a certain 
 yearly value. A blank being left for his Majesty 
 to fill up with the sum that he might think proper, 
 he wrote, " 4000 markes by the yeare," and then, 
 
32 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 in the hearing of his council, thus concluded the 
 great work which has handed down his name to 
 posterity as a Prince of the most benevolent dis- 
 position : " Lord, I yeelde thee most hearty 
 thankes that thou hast given me life thus long, to 
 finish this worke to the glory of thy name." His 
 Majesty lived but two days after the grant of the 
 charter. 
 
 The virtues displayed by this young prince 
 could not fail of exciting the admiration of his 
 subjects ; neither is it to be supposed that the uti- 
 lity of the foundations just mentioned could be lost 
 upon them. Indeed, it appears that the citizens 
 of London were so animated by the truly royal 
 benefactions of the King, that in the short space 
 of six months the old monastery was rendered ca- 
 pable of accommodating three hundred and forty 
 boys ; and by the end of the year the number was 
 increased to three hundred and eighty. From 
 that time to the present the Hospital has conti- 
 nued increasing both in size and importance ; and 
 the three hundred and fifty have been multiplied 
 to the almost incredible number of eleven hundred 
 andjifty. 
 
 The boys first admitted were clothed in russet, 
 which was soon afterwards changed for the dress 
 they now wear ; viz. a blue coat or tunic reaching 
 to the feet, with yellow stockings, a red girdle 
 round the waist, and a small round cap. The 
 boys now wear a kind of petticoat, technically 
 
THE DRESS. 33 
 
 called a yellow, in the winter only, but in former 
 times, previous to their having breeches, it was 
 worn throughout the year *. 
 
 The first private benefactor upon record is Sir 
 William Clicster, kniglit, Slieriff of London 1554, 
 Lord Mayor 1561 ; who built the walls adjoining St. 
 Bartholomew's Hospital at his own expencc. He 
 
 * I know not where I can with more propriety notice a con- 
 troversy which took place last winter respecting the dress of the 
 boys tlian in this place. — It appears that the delicate feelings of 
 some gentlemen were shocked by seeing the boys with their 
 heads uncovered in bad weather ; and a correspondent of a daily 
 Journal, in noticing the circumstance, made an appeal to the 
 humane feelings of the Governors on the subject of an alteration 
 in the dress — at least, for covering the head. This appeal called 
 forth a reply from one who appears to have been a Blue ; and a 
 controversy of some length followed. The Governors do not 
 appear, however, to have entertained the question ; or, if they 
 did, it met the fate it| justly deserves. To think of changing 
 the original dress upwards of two centuries and a half after the 
 foundation upon slight grounds, would be absurdity in the ex- 
 treme ; and what the Governors (from their known attachment 
 to every thing relating to the Founder) are not likely to do. 
 Could they shew that the health of the children is injured by 
 the present dress ; or that, acting upon a rigid system of eco- 
 nomy, they could extend the benefits of the foundation by 
 adopting the proposed or any other alteration ; in either case 
 they would, I conceive, be justified. But the Governors are, no 
 doubt, aware of the difficulties they would have to encounter, 
 for they would satisfy that party only whose suggestion was 
 adopted, and having once begun the work of innovation, they 
 would be insensibly led on from one alteration to another till 
 there was scarcely a vestige of the original dress left. 
 D 
 
04 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 was followed by John Calthrop, citizen and draper, 
 who bore the whole expence of arching and vault- 
 ing the town ditch from Aldersgate to Newgate, 
 which had been found very offensive to the Hos- 
 pital. 
 
 The foundation appears to have attracted so 
 much of the notice of the publick, that it was 
 shortly after destined to receive the hard earnings 
 
 As to the health of the boys : — When I state that the ave- 
 rage of invalids of all sorts in London is about twenty (or ra- 
 ther more than two in every hundred), I think that will be 
 sufficient to shew the impracticability of adopting any system 
 more beneficial than the present. Economy, in this instance, is, 
 of course, out of the question ; we all know that it would be 
 cheaper to leave off hats than to continue wearing them, were 
 the health not effected by the circumstance. 
 
 To go a little further, and imagine the subject referred to 
 the decision of the boys themselves — those who were educated 
 there, and well remember the pride that was taken in a small 
 cap, will bear me out in the assertion, that nothing short of 
 coercive measures would make the boys adopt the alteration. 
 Such being the case, would it not be folly in the Governors to 
 place themselves in this awkward situation, merely for the pur- 
 pose of meeting the wishes of gentlemen whose tender feelings 
 imagine that to be a hardship which none of those brought up 
 in the Hospital ever felt to be one ? 
 
 I do sincerely hope that when the Governors are induced to 
 make any alteration in the dress, they will at the same time 
 change the name of the Hospital, for I have the greatest objec- 
 tion to the idea of a Blue-coat -boy in any other dress than that 
 of the pious young Founder, which carries with it a degree of 
 veneration that we shall look for in vain in a Blue-coat-boy of 
 the modern schooL 
 
BENEFACTIONS. 35 
 
 of an industrious member of society of the name 
 of Castell, or Casteller, a shoemaker, residing in 
 Westminster ; who, from his early rising (being 
 both winter and summer at his work before four 
 o'clock in the morning) was called *' The Cock of 
 Westminster." This man, by dint of hard labour, 
 became possessed of lands and tenements to the 
 amount of forty-four pounds per year, which (hav- 
 ing no children) he left to Christ's Hospital. 
 
 To the above might be added a long list of pri- 
 vate benefactors ; but, as the repetition of so many 
 names with only a sum of money to each would 
 occupy more space than they would excite inter- 
 est, the list has been omitted, and those only 
 noticed who have made an addition to the original 
 foundation. 
 
 Amidst all the convulsions of the State in the 
 interval between the reigns of Edward the Sixth 
 and Charles the Second, Christ's Hospital not 
 only maintained its pre-eminent station, but conti- 
 nued increasing in public utility. The period had 
 arrived, however, at which (through the munifi- 
 cence of another Royal endowment) it was to make 
 rapid advances towards the state in which we now 
 find it. 
 
 In 1672 King Charles the Second, at the sug- 
 gestion of the Lord Treasurer Clifford, by a Royal 
 charter, founded a Mathematical School, for the 
 instruction of forty boys in navigation ; and ap- 
 pointed Sir Jonas Moore, Samuel Pepys, esq. and 
 D 2 
 
So HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 others, who had strengthened the Lord Treasurer's 
 recommendation, to be Governors, for the better 
 managing and settling the new foundation. The 
 project originated, it is said, with that prince of 
 benefactors Sir Robert Clayton, knight, who took 
 a seasonable opportunity of recommending the 
 subject to the notice of the Lord Treasurer, and 
 he to the King. 
 
 King Charles endowed the Mathematical School 
 with 1000/. for seven years, and an annuity of 
 370/. 10s. payable out of the Exchequer, for the 
 express purpose of educating and placing out 
 yearly ten boys in the sea service. Five of them 
 pass an examination before the Elder Brethren of 
 the Corporation of the Trinity every six months, 
 previous to their entering the naval profession. 
 
 These boys were annually presented by the Pre- 
 sident to the King upon New Year's Day, when 
 that festival was observed at Court, and after- 
 wards upon the Queen's birth-day ; but the prac- 
 tice was discontinued at the commencement of 
 his late Majesty's last lamentable illness. They 
 wear a badge upon the left shoulder, the figures 
 upon which represent Arithmetic, with a scroll in 
 one hand, and the other placed upon a boy*s head ; 
 Geometry with a triangle in her hand ; and Astro- 
 nomy with a quadrant in one hand and a sphere in 
 the other. Round the plate is inscribed, " Au- 
 spicio Caroli Secundi Regis, 1673." The dye is 
 kept in the Tower. 
 
BENEFACTIONS. SJ 
 
 This instance of Royal munificence came most 
 opportunely for the Hospital, which had suffered 
 grievously by the Fire of London in 1666; and, as 
 in the case of the original grant, was followed by 
 corresponding acts among the wealthy citizens. 
 
 In case the foundation of King Charles should 
 fail of producing the stipulated number, Mr. 
 Stone, a Governor, left a legacy for the mainte- 
 nance of twelve boys, who are to be taught Navi- 
 gation, &c. the same as the King's boys. This has, 
 by subsequent arrangements, been made an intro- 
 ductory step to King Charles's foundation. The 
 boys are distinguished from the King's boys by 
 wearing the badge upon the right shoulder instead 
 of the left, as worn by the others ; and the founda- 
 tion is called the Twelves on account of its number. 
 
 The building of the south front (the most uni- 
 form part) of the Hospital was undertaken about 
 this period, the whole expence of which was borne 
 by Sir Robert Clayton, knight. The building 
 was under the superintendancc of Mr. Thomas 
 Firmin, a gentleman whose charitable disposition 
 was so well known, that various sums of money 
 were entrusted to his disposal by persons who 
 wished their names to remain concealed. The 
 following anecdote is related by the Historians of 
 London as the immediate cause of this magnificent 
 structure : 
 
 Sir Robert Clayton, in the year I675, had a very 
 severe fit of illness, and, upon his recovery, was 
 
S8 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 fully impressed with the necessity of making some 
 acknowledgments to Almighty God for his late 
 merciful goodness towards hhn. Mr. Firmin, an 
 intimate friend of the Knight's, was consulted 
 upon the subject, who proposed that something 
 should be done for Christ's Hospital, which, since 
 the Fire of London, had been left in its ruins. 
 The expencc was estimated at 5000/. wliich was 
 to be borne jointly by Sir Robert and Mr. Morice 
 his partner ; and Mr. Firmin had a strict injunc- 
 tion laid upon him to keep concealed the names of 
 the benefactors. Further improvements were af- 
 terwards projected, and in part adopted, which 
 nearly doubled the original estimate ; and Mr. 
 Morice dying in the interval, the whole expence 
 fell upon Sir Robert. 
 
 About this time the political factions in the City 
 caused a great ferment in the public mind, and 
 party spirit ran so high, that it ended in the loss of 
 their charter, and the removal of this public-spirited 
 Magistrate from the government of the Hospital as 
 well as the City. This it was that called forth the 
 manly zeal of Mr. Firmin, who took an opportu- 
 nity of letting the remaining Governors know, that 
 he whom they had displaced was the very man 
 that had borne the expence of the improvements 
 which had for some years been carrying on in the 
 Hospital; and that, had not this act of ingratitude 
 been committed, his name had for ever remained 
 concealed. 
 
BENEFACTIONS. 39 
 
 In 1680 Sir John Frederick, knight, at that 
 time President, caused a Survey to be taken of the 
 building called the Great Hall, when it was found 
 in so ruinous a condition from the effects of the 
 late fire, that he ordered it to be pulled down, 
 and re-built it at his own expence. The sum is 
 said to have exceeded 5000/. 
 
 In 1683 the revenues of the Hospital enabled 
 the Governors to erect a handsome building in the 
 town of Hertford, which consists of three sides of 
 a quadrangle, with the addition of a square building 
 erected in 1800 at the north-west angle of the 
 original edifice, containing a Hall 100 feet long by 
 40 wide; there is besides a lofty and airy Infirmary. 
 
 The Hertford establishment is confined to the 
 younger children, among whom the much -ap- 
 proved system of Dr. Bell has been introduced. 
 The eighty girls belonging to this foundation are 
 likewise kept there, and are taught (besides read- 
 ing, writing, and arithmetic) all kinds of plain 
 needle-workj and to knit the boys* stockings. The 
 establishment, when full, contains 400, which, 
 added to those in London, makes a total of 1150, 
 including the 80 girls ; but there is no limitation as 
 to the number, which varies according to the reve- 
 nues of the Hospital. 
 
 In 1694 Sir John Moore, Knt. and Alderman, 
 added greatly to the beauty and utility of the Hos- 
 pital by the foundation of the Writing-school. 
 
 In 1724 Samuel Travers, esq. gave the residue 
 
40 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 of his estate by will to the Hospital, for the main- 
 tenance of as many sons of Lieutenants in the 
 Navy as the income would support, which is be- 
 tween 40 and 50. 
 
 In 1780, John Stock, esq. by will bequeathed 
 3000/. to the Hospital, for the support and main- 
 tenance of four boys, two of whom are to be taught 
 ^Navigation, and the other two to be brought up to 
 Trades. The regulations will be best understood 
 by the following extract from the will of Mr. 
 Stock : 
 
 *' Also I give to the President, Treasurer, and 
 Governors of Christ's Hospital, London, the sum 
 of 3000/. 3 per cents. Consolidated Annuities, to 
 be paid to them by my executors within one year 
 or eighteen calendar months next after my de- 
 cease J but nevertheless, the said 3000/. is so 
 given for the uses following : that is to say, that 
 the interest and dividends arising therefrom be 
 paid and applied upon the trusts, terms, and con- 
 ditions following ; that the President, Treasurer, 
 and Governors of Christ's Hospital aforesaid, or a 
 Committee of them, do or shall, within six or nine 
 calendar months next after my decease, make and 
 enter into an agreement in writing with my exe- 
 cutors and residuary legatees (and which they 
 have promised and agreed with me in writing to 
 do, in consequence of a proposal made by me to 
 them, and since approved by a General Court,) 
 to accept, have, and take, and do accordingly take 
 
BENEFACTIONS. 41 
 
 into the said Hosij^itdl four fat her less hoys, whether 
 free born or aliens to the City of London, but 
 giving preference to orphans who are both father- 
 less and motherless, to be educated, maintained, 
 and clothed, according to the rules and customs of 
 the said Hospital, whereby they may be properly 
 qualified for the respective business, employ- 
 ments, and stations hereafter mentioned. The 
 said boys to be admitted between the age of 
 eight and ten years, and to continue in the said 
 Hospital until the age oi' ff teen years, and then 
 to be put out apprentices or otherwise 2)rovided 
 for. And that by constant succession, when any 
 vacancy may be, another child is to be chosen and 
 presented within six or nine calendar months next 
 following, by a notice within one calendar month 
 next after any vacancy may happen by death, or 
 staying to the arrival of fifteen years of age, or his 
 being put out apprentice, or by any means of va- 
 cancy by absence, that then such notice shall be 
 sent to the respective persons to whom the right 
 of presentation doth properly belong. One boy, 
 to be brought up to trade, to be presented by the 
 Master and Wardens of the Worshipful Company 
 of Drapers of London, by a certificate signed by 
 them, to be chosen by a Court of Assistants, or 
 the major part of them, to be a son of a deceased 
 member of that company. Also o?ie other boy, to 
 be brought up for trade, to be presented by the 
 Minister, or two Churchwardens, of the parish of 
 
4S HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 Christ Church, in the city of London, to be 
 chosen by a public vestry, or a major part of them, 
 and by a certificate signed by them, to be a father- 
 less child of a deceased parishioner of that parish. 
 But if a child being of the name of Stock shall be 
 presented, within six calendar months of any va- 
 cancy, to the Minister and Churchwardens, he 
 shall have the preference and precedency, though 
 not of that parish, being fatherless and of necessi- 
 tous circumstances, if recommended by a certifi- 
 cate signed by the Minister and Churchwardens of 
 the parish he belongs to, and signed by the Mi- 
 nister of Christ Church parish, in such application. 
 This to be done in rotation with the parish on 
 such vacancy happening therein. These boys to 
 be early admitted into the Grammar and Drawing- 
 schools for the improvement of their education. 
 And also the other two boys, to be brought up for 
 the sea-service, to be presented by a certificate 
 signed by the Comptroller, or, in his absence, by 
 the Surveyor of his Majesty's Navy, to be chosen by 
 The Honourable Commissioners of His Majes- 
 ty's Navy Board, London, at a full board, or at 
 least five of them. The boys are to be fatherless 
 children of deceased Lieutenants of the Royal 
 Navy, the father having been seven years in the 
 service, and at least four years in the station of a 
 Lieutenant, truly proved by the ships he served in, 
 and the widow in low circumstances ; that the 
 father was of good private character, and also well 
 
BENEFACTIONS. 43 
 
 recommended as to his courage and conduct ; but 
 preference given to such officers* sons whose father 
 was killed by the public enemy in an engagement. 
 Each vacancy to be supplied within nine months 
 by a presentation ; or if no such application be 
 made in that time for the son of a deceased Lieu- 
 tenant, then to be the son of a living Lieutenant, 
 being in low circumstances, so recommended and 
 qualified. The boys to be born in wedlock, and 
 to be brought up in the Mathematical-school of 
 the said Hospital, and to be educated in Navigation, 
 &c. as in other Mathematical schools taught, wear- 
 ing a small badge of the figure of Britannia, with 
 an anchor, and an inscription of a motto — Prospe- 
 ritas navibiis Magnoe BritannicB ; and at the age 
 of fifteen years to be sent and presented to the 
 honourable Navy Board, London, to be at their 
 disposal : and then have 10/. paid out with each 
 boy, to furnish clothes, books, and any other uses, 
 as apprenticeship fee ; that they may recommend 
 him to the Royal Academy at Portsmouth, till 
 they shall have an opportunity of providing for 
 him in the Royal Navy, or as they may think pro- 
 per. And if by neglect, or refusal of their care, 
 and providing for him, then for merchant-ship ser- 
 vice or trade, as the Governors of the said Hospi- 
 tal may think proper, with the consent of the boy 
 and his friends, &c. This to be done, as in com- 
 mon form for the benefit of the said four boys, 
 without any particular trouble to the Governors 
 
44 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 of the said Hospital ; the children to be born in 
 wedlock, and free from deafness, blindness, lame- 
 ness, or disorder of any kind ; to be of honest pa- 
 rents, of good character and reputation." 
 
 The two boys brought up for the sea-service 
 being under the same master as the Kings boys 
 and the Twelves (Mr. Stone's foundation), are 
 called the Twos. 
 
 In 1793 the last addition was made to the build- 
 ing as it now appears. John Smith, esq. left by 
 will (1783) a sum of money to the Governors of 
 Christ's Hospital towards building a new Gram- 
 mar-school, which was erected under the superin- 
 tendance of Mr. Alderman Gill, at that time Trea- 
 surer, and the immediate predecessor of the gen- 
 tleman who has now, for the space of twenty-three 
 years, filled the situation with so much credit to 
 himself and benefit to the Hospital. 
 
 Since the building of the Grammar-school, the 
 adjoining houses, inhabited by the masters, have 
 been pulled down, and a grand entrance made 
 from Little Britain, from whence the Writintr and 
 Grammar schools may be seen to advantage. 
 
 The site is occupied by buildings which form 
 three squares or play-grounds, -— the Ditch, the 
 Garden, and the New Play-ground. The whole 
 is a mixture of the modern and Gothic styles, and 
 is too detached for any general description. 
 
45 
 
 THE MATHEMATICAL-SCHOOL 
 
 is over what was the west entrance, but which 
 the Governors have lately closed up by act of 
 Parliament. It was built by Sir Christopher Wren, 
 and is a light, handsome school-room, with a ward 
 for the boys upon the foundation over it, and has 
 a statue of King Charles the Second in his robes 
 in front, over the gateway, with this inscription : 
 " Carolus II. Fundator, I672." 
 This entrance leads to the north-west corner of 
 the Cloisters, which form the four sides of a large 
 area or play-ground, called the Garden, and have 
 porticoes with Gothic arches continued round 
 them. The walls are supported by abutments, 
 being the remains of the old Priory. This part 
 of the building was repaired, after the Fire in 
 1666, under the direction of Sir Christopher Wren, 
 and serves for walks for the boys, especially in wet 
 weather. 
 
 THE HALL 
 
 is over the west Cloister ; and, having been nearly 
 destroyed by the fire in I666, was, as has been 
 already mentioned, re-built at the sole expence of 
 Sir John Frederick, then President. It is a noble 
 
46 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 building, 130 feet in length, 34 feet wide, and 44 
 feet high. It is here the boys have their meals. 
 
 Not being much of a connoisseur in paintings, I 
 have taken the liberty of extracting an interesting 
 account of the Hall and its paintings from the 
 " Londinium Redivivum" of the late ingenious 
 Mr. Malcolm. The rat-catching story with which 
 he has prefaced it, I may safely say, is true to the 
 very letter, having myself repeatedly been in such 
 expeditions, and given the best possible proof of 
 not having *' deserted my post in the hour of dan- 
 ger," by exhibiting a hand streaming with blood, 
 the scars from which will enable me at least to 
 bear Mr. Malcolm out in his assertion that the boys 
 " disdain the cowardly use of traps." 
 
 " I entered the Hall," says Mr. Malcolm, " for 
 the purposes of my work alone, and seated myself 
 at a table, attentively to consider the paintings. 
 After a few minutes' silence, and I had begun to 
 imagine myself in the presence of King Edward 
 and his Court, my attention was withdrawn by sud- 
 den noises that proceeded from the walls in every 
 direction. In a few minutes I was surrounded by 
 company that would have expelled fifty ladies from 
 the Hall in an instant with screams of terror and 
 dismay. A set of wandering and intrepid spirits 
 glided before me, regardless of my intrusion on 
 their domain. After some minutes had elapsed in 
 profound silence, two figures in long blue garments 
 emerged from an angle of the room. They as- 
 
THE HALL. 47 
 
 sumed the forms of beautiful and ruddy youths, 
 whose hair, in long ringlets, shaded their features 
 full of earnestness and vivacity. Determined not 
 to interrupt this spectacle of motion without voice, 
 I sat in expectation, when one of tlie youths darted 
 forward, exclaiming, * I have got him ;' and so 
 indeed he had, a fine full-fed rat, the unfortunate 
 animal of at least twenty brethren. Rat-catching 
 is a favourite amusement with many of the boys, 
 who disdain the cowardly use of traps as much as 
 the rats do fear. Hundreds of these destructive 
 creatures traverse the room after meals without the 
 least alarm, and even run along the picture-frames. 
 The boys, however, sometimes receive severe bites 
 in this peculiar mode of rat-catching. The resi- 
 dence of those intruders demonstrates the danger 
 of the building, where such enormous weights are 
 to be supported as much more than a thousand 
 persons occasion. 
 
 *' Holbein's great picture of the Mayor and 
 Corporation, &c. receiving the Royal grant for the 
 three Hospitals has often been noticed, but seldom, 
 perhaps never, criticised. This task remains to be 
 performed by me, with candour. It adorns the 
 west wall, and is placed near the entrance at the 
 north end of the Hall. 
 
 *' The King is seated on a throne, elevated on two 
 steps, with two very clumsy brackets for arms, on 
 which are fanciful pilasters, adorned with carving, 
 and an arch ; on the left pilaster, a crowned lion 
 
4r8 HISTORY OF CHRI8T*S HOSPITAL. 
 
 holding a shield, with the letter E. ; a dragon on 
 the other, has another inscribed R. Two angels, 
 reclining on the arch, support the arms of Eng- 
 land. The hall of audience is represented as paved 
 with black and white marble; the windows are an- 
 gular, with niches between each. As there are 
 statues in only two of those, it seems to confirm the 
 idea that it is an exact resemblance of the Royal 
 apartment. 
 
 " The artist has bestowed his whole attention 
 on the young Monarch, whose attitude is easy, 
 natural, and dignified. He presents the deed of 
 gift with his right hand, and holds the sceptre in 
 his left. The scarlet robe is embroidered, and 
 lined with ermine, and the folds are correctly and 
 minutely finished. An unavoidable circumstance 
 injures the effect of this picture ; which is, the di- 
 minutive stature of the infant King, who shrinks 
 into a dwarf, compared with his full-grown cour- 
 tiers ; unfortunately reversing the necessary rule of 
 giving most dignity and consequence to the prin- 
 cipal person in the piece. 
 
 " The Chancellor holds the seals over his crossed 
 arms at the King's right hand. This officer, and 
 three others, are the only standing figures. Ridley 
 kneels at the foot of the throne, and shews his face 
 in profile, with uplifted hands. On the right are 
 the Mayor and Aldermen, in scarlet robes, kneel- 
 ing. Much cannot be said in praise of those wor- 
 thy men. The Mayor receives the gift with a 
 
THE HALL. 4() 
 
 Stupid expression of astonishment, spreading his left 
 hand, whilst every one of his brethren seem to leer 
 from their left eyes on the King ; and the exten- 
 sion of his arms and hands implies too much gene- 
 ral wonder, which the artist appears to have sub- 
 stituted for admiration, respect, and gratitude. 
 The Members of the Common Council, &c. on the 
 other side, are grouped with more skill, and the ac- 
 tion more varied. The heads of the spectators are 
 generally full of anxious attention. 
 
 " But five of twenty-eight children who are in- 
 troduced in the fore-ground turn towards the King, 
 — the remainder look out of the picture. The 
 matron on the girls' side (if a portrait) was chosen 
 for her mental and not her personal qualifications. 
 — Such are the merits and defects of this cele- 
 brated painting ; which, though infinitely inferior 
 in execution to many of Holbein's Dutch and Ita- 
 lian cotemporaries, is a valuable, and, in many re- 
 spects, an excellent historic composition. 
 
 " Verrio's enormous picture must originally have 
 been in three parts; the centre on an end wall, and 
 the two others on the adjoining sides. Placed 
 thus, the perspective of the depths of the arches 
 would have been right ; as it is at present, ex- 
 tended on one plane, they are exactly the reverse. 
 The audience-chamber is of the Ionic order, with 
 twenty pilasters, and their entablatures and arches. 
 The passage, seen through those, has an intersected 
 arched cieling. 
 
 B 
 
50 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 " The King sits in the centre of the painting, 
 on a throne of crimson damask, with the royal 
 arms embroidered on the drapery of the canopy, 
 the front of which is of fringed white cloth of gold. 
 The foot-stool is of purple cloth of gold ; and the 
 steps of the throne are covered by a rich Turkey 
 carpet, not remarkably well painted. The King 
 holds a scroll in his left hand, extends the right, 
 and seems to address a person immediately before 
 him. The position of his body, and the fore- 
 shortened arm, are excellent, and the lace and 
 drapery are finely drawn and coloured. On the 
 sides of the throne are two circular portraits. 
 
 " The painter has committed a strange error in 
 turning the King's face from the Lord Mayor, who 
 points in vain to an extended map, a globe, and all 
 the kneeling figures, exulting in the progress of 
 their forty boys in the mathematics, who are bu- 
 sily employed in producing their cases and defini- 
 tions. Neither in such an attitude could the King 
 observe fourteen kneeling girls, though their faces 
 and persons are handsome and graceful, and the 
 Matron and her assistant seem eager to place them 
 in the Monarch's view. Verrio has stationed him- 
 self at the extreme end of the picture, and his ex- 
 pression appears to enquire the spectators* opinion 
 of his performance. On the opposite side, a yeo- 
 man of the guard clears the way for some person, 
 and a female seems alarmed at his violence, but a 
 full-dressed youth before him looks out of the pic- 
 
THE HALL. 51 
 
 ture with the greatest indifference. There is one 
 excellent head, which speaks earnestly to a boy. 
 Another figure, probably the Master or Steward, 
 pulls a youth's hair, with marks of anger. Several 
 lords in waiting are correct and good figures. 
 
 *' At the upper end of the room, and on the same 
 west wall, is a large whole-length of Charles II. 
 descending from his throne, a curtain from which 
 is turned round a pillar. The King holds his robe 
 with his right hand, and points with the left to a 
 globe and mathematical instruments. 
 
 *' Some years past an addition was made to the 
 Hall by taking part of the ward over the south 
 cloister into it. In this are several portraits. 
 Queen Anne, sitting, habited in a crown of gold, 
 with a blue mantle, laced with gold, and lined with 
 ermine ; her black hair is curled, and without or- 
 nament ; the arms are too small ; but the neck and 
 drapery are good ; she holds the orb in her left 
 hand, rested on the knee, the right crosses the 
 waist. 
 
 " Josiah Bacon, merchant, died 1703. Whole- 
 length, in a crimson silk gown, resting his right 
 hand on a table, with a letter on it. A good pic- 
 ture, the drapery particularly so. 
 
 " William Garway, esq. died I7OI ; an indiffer- 
 ent whole-length. Sir F. Child, Knight and Al- 
 derman, President, died 1713. Sir F. Child, Knight 
 and Alderman, President, died 1740. Neither 
 worth describing.'* 
 
 E 2 
 
52 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 A fine painting representing a shark in close 
 pursuit of Sir Brook Watson, was bequeathed by 
 him to the Hospital, and has recently been placed 
 at the upper end of the Hall. The seamen appear 
 in the act of rescuing him from the bite of the vo- 
 racious monster, by which he unfortunately lost 
 his leg. 
 
 At the bottom or north end of the Hall is a 
 fine-toned organ, which is used during the public 
 suppers and on other special occasions. On the 
 west side is a pulpit, in which one of the scholars 
 intended for the University reads the prayers ; and 
 on each side of the Hall is a small choir, capable of 
 holding six boys, who are under the tuition of the 
 Music-master, one of whom sets the psalm by 
 singing the first line, after which he is accompanied 
 by the others. When the Music-master is in at- 
 tendance, the boys under his care are stationed in 
 the organ-loft. 
 
 In a room between the upper end of the Hall 
 and the Mathematical-school are correct models 
 of the various sized vessels now composing the 
 wooden walls of old England, with the name of the 
 donors. These have been given with the view of 
 illustrating the system of mathematics, and are 
 doubtless of great assistance to the Mathematical- 
 masters. 
 
 The subjoined view represents that part of the 
 building which is over the cloister leading to the 
 Infirmary from the Hall stairs. It is, I believe, 
 
THE BUTTERY. 63 
 
 the only part that retains its original appearance, 
 and forms the north side of the New-play- 
 ground. 
 
 At the bottom of the Hall stairs is the Buttery, 
 the care of which is entrusted to three boys, skilful 
 in accounts, appointed by the Steward, to whom 
 they render an account of every thing received and 
 delivered. The senior buttery-boy takes charge 
 of the bread; the second of the butter and cheese; 
 and the third of the beer. The usual reward for 
 the correct performance of their several duties is 
 the privilege of going to see their friends on Sa- 
 turdays after school-hours. There are other boys 
 (of whom notice will be taken hereafter) who ob- 
 tain the same reward for propriety of conduct in 
 peculiar stations, either from the Steward or Mas- 
 ters, and they may be known by a small brass 
 ticket suspended from one of the button-holes of 
 the coat, without which no boy is permitted to 
 leave the Hospital, except on general leave-days. 
 
 The entrance to the Hall from the west Cloister 
 leads also to the Infirmary or Sick-ward, to which 
 the boys are sent upon the first appearance of in- 
 disposition, that they may be under the immediate 
 inspection and superintendance of the resident 
 Apothecary, and a Nurse appointed for the pur- 
 pose. This building, including the Apothecary's 
 house, forms three sides of a square, which serves 
 as a place of recreation for those approaching con- 
 valescence, and beyond which no boy is allowed to 
 
54 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 go without permission of the Apothecary or Nurse, 
 until his return to his own ward. The square 
 called the New-play-ground, the Sick -ward, and a 
 few out-buildings, form the west side of the whole 
 fabric. 
 
 THE WRITING-SCHOOL 
 
 stands at the north end of the Hall, over the New 
 Cloister, the front looking into the play-ground 
 called the Ditch. It is a building well adapted for 
 the purpose, and will accommodate upwards of 
 500 boys, and is said to have cost about 5,000/. 
 The statue of Sir John Moore was originally placed 
 in a niche at the upper end of the school ; but it 
 has since been removed, and is now placed in the 
 front of the building, on the outside, under the 
 clock, with the following inscription : 
 
 " Anno Dom. lC94. This "Writing-school and 
 stately building was begun and completely finished 
 at the sole charge of Sir John Moore, Knt. and 
 Lord Mayor of the City in the year mdclxxxi. 
 now President of this House; he having been 
 otherwise a liberal benefactor to the same." 
 
 Under the Writing-school is the nortli-west gate 
 (leading to St. Bartholomew's Hospital), which 
 has been lately closed in consequence of projected 
 improvements. Part of this Cloister has recently 
 been partitioned off, and a convenient building 
 
Tin: c; RAM MAR- SCHOOL. 57 
 
 called the Lavatory erected for tlie boys to wash 
 themselves in. It contains every convenience for 
 accommodating from 100 to 150 boys at one time. 
 The house occupied by the Steward joins the 
 Writing-school, and a few paces further is the 
 Grammar-school. These are the only two build- 
 ings now remaining on the north side of the Hos- 
 pital, which has within the last two or three years 
 been greatly enlarged ; and it appears that still fur- 
 ther improvements are in contemplation. 
 
 THE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL 
 
 is a handsome modern building, capable of accom- 
 modating about 500 children. 
 
 A portrait of John Smith, esq. ornaments the 
 upper end of the school. 
 
 To those who have been Blues the opposite view 
 requires no description ; for the information, 
 however, of those who have not, it may be neces- 
 sary to state that it was taken from the south side 
 of the D'ltchy a play-ground so called, from the 
 town-ditch running under it, which was arched 
 over by Mr. Calthrop, as before stated. The 
 building which joins the Grammar-school is inha- 
 bited by the Steward ; and the north end of the 
 Writing-school is seen at the end of the view. 
 
 On the South side of the entrance from Little 
 Britain is the Treasurer's house ; and the other 
 
58 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 houses in this play-ground are occupied by the Ma- 
 tron, Masters, and Beadles. The Steward has also 
 a small office on the south side, opposite his house. 
 Proceeding in an easterly direction, leads to the 
 south-east entrance from Butcherhall-lane, New- 
 gate-street ; and in this space (which is called the 
 Counting-house -yard) stands the Counting-house, 
 and several other houses, which are inhabited by 
 the Clerks and some of the Masters. The Trea- 
 surer has also a back entrance to his house at the 
 end of the Counting-house, and his garden runs at 
 the back of all the houses on the east side of 
 this yard. The opposite building is occupied by 
 the boys ; and in a niche in the centre, fronting 
 the door of the Counting-house, is a statue of King 
 Edward (considered the most perfect one), which 
 represents his Majesty, standing on a black mar- 
 ble slab, in the act of delivering the charter. 
 
 THE COUNTING-HOUSE 
 
 is a neat brick building, containing the necessary 
 offices. On the ground floor is a good room for 
 the Clerks, in which are the following portraits : 
 Thomas Singleton, esq. 1653; WilHam Gibbon, 
 esq. 1662; Thomas Barnes, 1666; John Fowke, 
 esq. 1691 ; Mr. Dyer, jun. and Mrs. Catharine 
 Dyer. Over the Counting-house is the Court- 
 room, a handsome room of the Doric order of ar- 
 
THE COUNTING-HOUSE. 59 
 
 chitecture. At the north end, upon brackets, 
 stands the President's chair, under a little canopy, 
 with the arms of England over it. Beneath the 
 arms is a half-length portrait of king Edward, by 
 Holbein, in good preservation, the countenance 
 very fair and delicate, the nose Grecian, the lips 
 full, blue eyes, and the hair inclines to be red. 
 He wears a flat hat with a white feather falling on 
 the left side; his coat, with half-sleeves, is crimson, 
 and, in the painter's term, glazed over a lighter 
 colour, on a border of deep red, embroidered with 
 golden tracery; down each breast are double rows 
 of gold wire or basket buttons, the lining ermine. 
 The waistcoat represents white cloth or silk, richly 
 embroidered with gold in squares; and his legs are 
 covered in the same way. The shirt has a small 
 frill round the neck. The hands are employed in 
 an awkward position, the right holding a dagger ; 
 the left supported by the thumb being hooked in 
 the girdle, probably a favourite attitude with the 
 King; but the dagger is undoubtedly the painter's. 
 (See the Frontispiece.) 
 
 On the right of the above is a half-length of 
 Charles II. by Sir Peter Lely, with a more placid 
 countenance than the generality of his portraits. 
 On the left of King Edward is a portrait of James 
 the Second, the right hand pointing to the crown 
 and globe. 
 
 Besides the above royal pictures, there are por- 
 traits of the following gentlemen who have been 
 
60 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 Presidents of the Hospital : Sir Richard Dobbs, 
 kniglit (the first President), 1553 ; Sir Wolstan 
 Dixie, Lord Mayor 1585, President 1592; Sir 
 John Leman, 1632; Sir Christopher Clitherow, 
 1641 ; Sir Thomas Vyner, 1658 ; Sir John Frede- 
 rick, 1662 ; Sir John Moore, 1684 ; Sir Francis 
 Forbes, 1727; and Richard Clark, esq. the present 
 Chamberlain of London, 1800. There are also 
 portraits of the following benefactors : Dame Mary 
 Ramsay, 1599; Mr. Richard Young, l66l ; Eras- 
 mus Smith, esq. 1666 ; John Morice, esq. I67O ; 
 Daniel Colwall, esq. I69O; Thomas Stretchly, esq. 
 1692; Henry Stone, esq. 1693; and Thomas Parr, 
 " of Lisbon, merchant, educated here. He died 
 July 1, 1783, aged 64 years." 
 
 Under the portrait of Sir Richard Dobbs is the 
 following elegant verse ; 
 
 " Christe's Hospitall erected was, a passinge dede of pitie, 
 What tyme Sir Richard Dobbe was Maior of this most famous 
 
 citie ; 
 Who careful was in government, and furthered much the same, 
 Alsoe a benefactor good, and joyed to see it frame ; 
 Whose portrait here his frendes have sett, to put each wight in 
 
 minde, 
 To imitate his vertuous dedes, as God hathe us assinde." 
 
 Besides the above, there is also a portrait of a 
 Mr. St. Amand, the grandfather of the benefactor, 
 which was left to the Hospital under very peculiar 
 circumstances, as will appear by the following ex- 
 tract from the will of James St. Amand, esq. of St. 
 
THE COUNTING-HOUSE. 6l 
 
 George the Martyr, Quecn-sqiiarc, dated Aug. 9, 
 
 1749: 
 
 " I give the original picture of my Grandfather 
 to Christ's Hospital, upon condition that the Trea- 
 surer thereof give a receipt to my executors, and a 
 promise never to alienate the said Picture ; and as 
 often as a change of Treasurers takes place, every 
 new Treasurer shall send a written receipt and pro- 
 mise of the same effect to the Vice-chancellor of 
 Oxford. Item, I give all the rest of my money 
 and property of every description (after the pay- 
 ment of my debts, legacies, and funeral, and what- 
 ever expence attends the execution of this will) to 
 Christ's Hospital. And my will is, that whatever 
 of my effects the Governors of the Hospital shall 
 consider as being of no benefit to the Hospital, 
 they, the Governors, shall sell all such (except the 
 Picture aforesaid) to the best advantage, and the 
 money arising from the sale shall go, together 
 with all the money I may leave in specie or in my 
 banker's hands undisposed of, to purchase 3 per 
 cent. Bank Annuities, which Annuities, together 
 with the securities for money which I leave behind 
 me, shall be made one separate stock never to he 
 diminished by the Hospital, unless my executors 
 require the aid of a part of the said stock in con- 
 sequence of an unforeseen expence attending this 
 my will. My further will is, that the interest 
 arising from such property (as long as the Hospital 
 shall preserve the aforesaid Picture) shall be ap- 
 
62 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 plied either to increase the number of Blue-coat 
 children, or for the better assisting such of the 
 children as may be put out apprentices by the said 
 Hospital. I further desire that the aforesaid Pic- 
 ture shall be kept in the Treasury of the said Hos- 
 pital, and that it annually be produced at the first 
 General Court held after the first of January in 
 every year, and such part of my will, relative to 
 that Hospital, shall be then and there publicly 
 read. I also desire that the Picture shall be shewn 
 once annually to whomsoever the Vice-chancellor 
 of Oxford shall send to demand a sight thereof; 
 but in case the sight be refused to the Vice-chan- 
 cellor or his Deputy, then I direct that all my be- 
 quests given to Christ's Hospital shall immediately 
 cease. And I hereby give and devise the same 
 from that time to the University of Oxford, to the 
 intent that the University may buy freehold lands 
 of inheritance, and the rent arising therefrom to 
 be applied as follows : In the first place, the chief 
 Bodleian Librarian shall receive of it as much as 
 will augment his salary to 120/. annually, provided 
 he be a Bachelor. Secondly, the Sub-Librarian, 
 if a Bachelor, shall have his salary augmented 
 to 70/. per annum, which augmentation of salary 
 shall continue only as long as they remain ba- 
 chelors, and shall not be paid again if they marry, 
 until other Librarians who may be Bachelors are 
 substituted in their room. What remains after 
 paying them I desire may be applied to the pur- 
 
THE COUNTING-HOUSE. 63 
 
 chase of manuscripts and good printed editions of 
 Classic Authors, such as may be worthy a place in 
 the Library. In this manner I desire such money 
 may be disposed of, as (if either Librarian is mar- 
 ried) would contribute to the augmentation of his 
 salary were he not married." — One of the execu- 
 tors was the Rev. Dr. Stukeley, the eminent An- 
 tiquary. 
 
 " An erroneous opinion has been entertained 
 that this picture is the portrait of the Pretender, 
 and which probably may have arisen from the cir- 
 cumstance of one of the ancestors of Mr. St. 
 Amand having married Asceline, the daughter of 
 Robert D'Aubigny, of the House of Stuart, an 
 English Baron in the reign of Henry the Third *." 
 
 On the west side of the Counting-house yard is 
 an avenue that leads into the east cloister, at the 
 end of w^hich is the south entrance from Newgate- 
 street. Over this gateway is another statue of 
 King Edward, with the following inscription : 
 " Edward the Sixth of famous memory. King of 
 England, was the founder of Christ's Hospital ; 
 and Sir Robert Clayton, Knight and Alderman, 
 some time Lord Mayor of this City of London, 
 erected this statue of King Edward, and built 
 most part of this flibric, anno Dom. 1682.'* 
 
 It is only from the passage leading to this gate, 
 and from the backs of the houses in Newgate- 
 * Carlisle's Endowed Grammar Schools. 
 
61- HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 street, that the south front of the Hospital can be 
 seen. It is a handsome piece of brick-work, orna- 
 mented with pilasters of the Ionic order, with a 
 circular pediment in the centre. 
 
 There is little else to notice respecting the 
 building, except the lamentable state of decay into 
 which it is fast approaching, notwithstanding the 
 care and attention of the Governors ; and it is to 
 be feared that the all-destroying hand of Time will 
 complete his ravages before the accumulating fund 
 of the Hospital will enable the Governors to re- 
 build it. 
 
 In 1803 the Governors came to a resolution 
 (after a survey of the building had been taken) to 
 re-build the whole as soon as a sufficient sum of 
 money could be raised for the purpose ; the parti- 
 culars of which will be best explained by the fol- 
 lowing extract from the minutes of the General 
 Court : 
 
 " Christ's Hospital, 28 Jan. 1803. The Gene- 
 ral Court having resolved, if any surplus should 
 arise, to appropriate such part of the same as may 
 appear prudent for the establishment of a fund for 
 gradually re-building this Hospital, the Governors 
 take this mode of stating, that the necessity 
 thereof has arisen from the very heavy annual 
 charge of keeping in repair an antient erection, 
 which has been professionally declared incapable, 
 
STATE OF THE BUILDING. 
 
 C)l 
 
 in many parts, of being long upheld j and from its 
 having therefore been resolved, 
 
 That it is far more for the interest of the Hos- 
 pital to expend any sums that may hereafter 
 be voted upon a plan for the grac^al and uni- 
 form re-building of the Hospital, than to en- 
 ter into any further repairs of the present 
 building, 
 
 the first object in the view of the Governors is, as 
 much as possible, to prevent a decrease in the 
 number of children annually admitted ; — the se- 
 curing this object has hitherto prevented any ap- 
 propriation to the Building Fund ; and it is not 
 probable that the general expenses will ever per- 
 mit any considerable portion of the income of this 
 house to be so supplied : a former General Court 
 therefore 
 
 * Resolved unanimously, 
 ' That a subscription be immediately opened, to 
 render effectual aid to the fund which may 
 arise from the appropriation of the surplus 
 revenue towards the gradual re-building this 
 Hospital on its present site, and that which 
 the Governors are enabled to purchase under 
 the authority of Parliament, for the improve- 
 ment and enlargement thereof in London ;' 
 
 which solemn resolution has already received the 
 countenance of many Governors, whose names, 
 
 F 
 
66 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 and the sums they have subscribed, appear here- 
 under, and to whom the General Court thus make 
 their public acknowledgments. 
 
 " Two other Royal Hospitals (those of St. Bar- 
 tholomew and St. Thomas) were re-built by public 
 subscription j and after the liberal support this 
 Hospital has experienced for two centuries and a 
 half, the Governors entertain the confident expec- 
 tation that a Royal Seminary, rendered important 
 to the Kingdom at large by its magnitude, and by 
 the liberal education and maintenance it affords, 
 will also receive favourable attention from the ge- 
 nerous and opulent upon so interesting an occa- 
 sion ; and this General Court embrace the oppor- 
 tunity, so early afforded, of voting, 
 
 Their unanimous thanks to the Corporation of 
 the City of London, for their unanimous reso- 
 lution to subscribe the sum of 1,000/. towards 
 the gradual re-building of Christ's Hospital 
 upon its present site, 
 
 in which a furtherproof of the accustomed protec- 
 tection and attention of that respectable body to 
 the Orphans of this City and others is eminently 
 conspicuous, and an example held forth worthy of 
 imitation. 
 
 By order of the Court, holden this day, 
 
 Richard Corp, Clerk." 
 
SUBSCRIPTION FOR RE-BUILDING. (i7 
 
 In furtherance of the above Resolution, the fol- 
 lowing very respectable List of Subscriptions was 
 soon after entered in the Hospital Books : 
 
 The Corporation of London ^.1000 
 
 Right Worshipful Sir John Wm. Anderson, Bart. President 100 
 
 Worshipful James Palmer, Esq. Treasm-er 100 
 
 Hon. George William Hervey 100 
 
 Worshipful Company of Grocers 105 
 
 Sir Brook Watson, Bart 100 
 
 Hon. and Right Rev. Shute Barrington, Lord Bishop of 
 
 Durham 100 
 
 Sir Roger Newdigate, Bart 200 
 
 Right Hon. Alexander Lord Viscount Bridport 100 
 
 Charles Flower, Esq. Alderman 100 
 
 Richard Clark, Esq. Chamberlain of London 105 
 
 Thomas Rowcroft, Esq. Alderman 100 
 
 Isaac Hawkins Browne and Rev. Thomas Gisborne, out of 
 
 the Estate of Isaac Hawkins Browne, deceased 1000 
 
 One educated in this House 100 
 
 Sir Walter Rawlinson 100 
 
 The Hon. Philip Pusey 100 
 
 Worshipful Company of Mercers 210 
 
 Worshipful Company of Drapers 200 
 
 The Amicable Society of Blues, consisting of Twenty Mem- 
 bers, per Thomas James 250 
 
 Sir William Curtis, Bart 100 
 
 Right Hon. Earl of Radnor 400 
 
 Worshipful Company of Apothecaries 105 
 
 Worshipful Company of Fishmongers 105 
 
 Worshipful Company of Skinners 315 
 
 Worshipful Company of Ironmongers 105 
 
 Worshipful Company of Salters 100 
 
 Worshipful Company of Fishmongers, second subscription . 105 
 
 Right Hon. Lord Eardley 100 
 
 f2 
 
68 
 
 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors .^.105 
 
 Worshipful Company of Stationers 100 
 
 Sir Robert Peel, Bart 100 
 
 Isaac Walker ^.100 
 
 John Walker lOO 
 
 George Godwin 200 
 
 Charles Pieschell. .:.... 100 
 
 James Clitherow 100 
 
 Richard Clark 100 
 
 John Atkins 100 
 
 Clement S. Strong 100 
 
 Thomas Roberts 100 
 
 Francis Gosling 100 
 
 Archibald Paxton 100 
 
 William Dent 100 
 
 John Brickwood 100 
 
 Richard Godwin 100 
 
 Thomas Coles 100 
 
 Thomas Edward Freeman 100 
 
 William Wilcox 50 
 
 Samuel Long 100 
 
 Thomas Latham 100 
 
 Robert Dent 100 
 
 John Dent 100 
 
 William Robinson 100 
 
 Edward Forster 100 
 
 John Godfrey 100 
 
 William Pitt 50 
 
 Cornelius Denne 200 
 
 Richard Lea 100 
 
 William Bosanqnet 50 
 
 Thomas Sayer 50 
 
 Rev. Matthew Thomas. . 50 
 
 Benjamin Cole 100 
 
 Solomon Hougham 50 
 
 James Jacks ^.50 
 
 David Pike Watts 100 
 
 Robert Precious 100 
 
 John Broadby Wilson. . , 50 
 
 William Willis 100 
 
 Thomas James 50 
 
 Rev. Robert Cranmer. . . 100 
 
 James Hayes. 100 
 
 Charles Teissier 100 
 
 Charles Smith 105 
 
 Robert Ladbroke 100 
 
 James Brown 50 
 
 Thomas Coutts loo 
 
 Thomson Bonar lOO 
 
 J. C. Weguelin 60 
 
 Clement Tudway 100 
 
 Samuel Hoare 100 
 
 John Travers 100 
 
 Thomas Whipham 50 
 
 George Brooks 100 
 
 Josiah Holford 50 
 
 John Josiah Holford. ... 50 
 
 Thomas Preston 50 
 
 Robert Stevenson loo 
 
 William Darnborough. . . 50 
 
 John Conyers 100 
 
 Samuel Turner 50 
 
 Thomas Scott 100 
 
 Wakelin Welsh 50 
 
 John March 100 
 
 Richard Chester 100 
 
 James Powell lOt^ 
 
EXTENT OF THE ESTABLISHMENT. 69 
 
 Joseph Kemp e£SO 
 
 Francis Magniac 50 
 
 James Hatch 105 
 
 Philip Rundle 100 
 
 John Weyland 100 
 
 Lacey Primatt ^.50 
 
 Henry Cranmer 100 
 
 James Graham 100 
 
 Peter Pope 50 
 
 Samuel Smith 100 
 
 The records and other papers belonging to the 
 Hospital are kept in a room built for the purpose, 
 to preserve them from fire ; and amongst them is 
 the earliest record of the Hospital, and an Anthem 
 sung by the first children, very beautifully illu- 
 minated. 
 
 There are in London twelve wards, or large 
 rooms, for the children, besides the Infirmary or 
 Sick-ward, and each of these wards accommodates 
 from 50 to 70 boys. 
 
 The whole establishment will accommodate 1156 
 children, including 80 girls, who are provided for 
 without any expence to their parents or friends, 
 and furnished with every thing necessary to for- 
 ward their education. 
 
 In 1809 there were 1065 children upon the 
 foundation, of whom 65 were girls. 
 Of the 1000 boys, 
 161 were presented by companies, parishes, &c. 
 498 were sons of freemen, 
 239 sons of non- freemen, 
 102 sons of clergymen, who had, exclusive of the 
 
 boys in the Hospital, 578 other chiklren. 
 
 1000 
 
r ^ 
 
 ^M 
 
 70 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 The parents of 87I boys had, exclusive of those 
 in the Hospital, 3606 other children ; and 27 boys 
 had neither brother or sister. 
 
 Out of the 973 boys there were, 
 Orphans - - - - - 57 
 
 Sons of widows ... - 210 
 
 Motherless boys - - - - 93 
 
 360 
 
 Although thoroughly convinced of the necessity 
 of re-building the Hospital, I must candidly ac- 
 knowledge the effect of early attachments to be so 
 powerful, that the beauty and elegance which 
 would in all probability adorn the modern struc- 
 ture would fall far short of satisfying me for the 
 loss of the present venerable fabric, which is a re- 
 cord of the noble deeds of some of the best men of 
 the ages in which they lived. I -have also felt no 
 small degree of pleasure, and even pride, in the re- 
 flection, that men of the first eminence (many of 
 whom had been dead for ages before I was born) 
 had paced those cloisters, habited in the same sim- 
 ple garb, and under the same restrictions as my- 
 self 
 
71 
 
 GOVERNMENT OF THE HOSPITAL. 
 
 The government of the Foundations of King 
 Edward having been vested in the Corporation of 
 London, the Lord Mayor, all the Aldermen, and 
 twelve of the Common-Council (chosen by lot out 
 of their own body), have the government of this 
 Hospital, aided and assisted by those' gentlemen 
 who have become Governors by benefaction. 
 
 The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common- 
 Councilmen, have all the privileges of individual 
 Governors. The Aldermen have exclusive privi- 
 leges ; but the Common-Councilmen act in com- 
 mon with the other Governors, and have the same 
 powers, but no more, and on quitting the Common- 
 Council they cease to be Governors. This also 
 applies to the Aldermen, who are only Governors 
 by virtue of their office ; and on ceasing to be Al- 
 dermen they also cease to be Governors, unless 
 they have become Governors by benefaction. 
 
 f APPOINTMENT OF GOVERNORS BY 
 
 BENEFACTION. 
 
 The Treasurer, upon receiving a benefaction of 
 400/. informs the Committee, who recommend 
 that the gentleman should be made a Governor, if 
 qualiiied. The Court then refers it back to the 
 
72 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. w& 
 
 Committee, to consider of his qualifications, and 
 to report thereon, which is done by ballot. It 
 usually follows that the gentleman is appointed a 
 Governor, no benefactor to that amount having 
 been refused for a great many years. 
 
 The number of Governors added to the list by 
 benefactions from 1806 to 1816 was 105; and the 
 amount of their benefactions upwards of 30,000/. 
 All the Governors are not made by virtue of having 
 given 400/. each. Twenty are to be named in two 
 years by the Governors in rotation. If there are 
 twenty Governors made by virtue of their bene- 
 factions, there are no nominations, except in the 
 case of a new Alderman being made within the 
 two years. 
 
 Every Alderman, at the first biennial nomina- 
 tion after he comes into office, is allowed to name 
 a Governor (which Governor is to be a benefac- 
 tor to the amount of 200/.), altliough the full 
 number of twenty should have been nominated on 
 account of benefactions to the amount of 400/. 
 In the latter case, the new Alderman names the 
 twenty-first Governor, and there is no Rotation 
 Governor at all. 
 
 The numberof Benefaction Governors is not limi- 
 ted. Every Governor, nominatedinwhatway soever, 
 must become a benefactor to the amount of 200/. ; 
 but Aldermen becoming Governors are not com- 
 pelled to become benefactors. Tlie Hospital is, 
 however, indebted to Aldermen for sonic of its 
 
APPOINTMENT OF GOVERNORS. 7'^ 
 
 principal benefactions : among whom the follow- 
 ing appear conspicuous : Sir John Frederick, who 
 re-built the Hall after the fire in 1666 ; Sir Robert 
 Clayton, who built the whole of the South front of 
 the Hospital; Sir John Moore, who built the 
 Writing-school ; and to the late Alderman Gill the 
 Hospital is principally indebted for the erection of 
 that noble modern building, the Grammar-school ; 
 besides sundry benefactions from Aldermen to a 
 very considerable amount. 
 
 At the head of the Government of the Hospital 
 is the President, who, being an Alderman, is of 
 course one of the Corporation, and is elected for 
 life, provided he continues an Alderman. But the 
 more immediate government is vested in the Trea- 
 surer (who is Chairman of all Committees), and a 
 Committee, chosen from the whole body of Go- 
 vernors. This Committee has the whole superin- 
 tendance of the Hospital ; meets the second Wed- 
 nesday in every month, except August ; and re- 
 ports to the General Court from time to time upon 
 the state of the foundation. 
 
 There are five regular appointed Courts, and as 
 many others as the business requires: the whole of 
 the Governors are summoned to these Courts, and 
 have each a vote, and fifteen is the quorum. 
 
 Every Governor, upon his admission as such, 
 receives in full Court the following impressive 
 charjie from the President or Treasurer : 
 
74 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 *' A¥orshipful, 
 
 " The cause of your repair hither at this presen 
 is, to give you knowledge that you are elected and 
 appointed by the Lord Mayor and Court of Alder- 
 men to the office, charge, and goverment of 
 Christ's Hospital. 
 
 " And therefore this is to require you and every 
 of you, that you endeavour yourselves, with all 
 your wisdom and power, faithfully and diligently 
 to serve in this vocation and calling, which is an 
 office, trust, and worship ; for ye are called to be 
 the faithful disposers and distributors of the goods 
 of Almighty God to his poor and needy members. 
 In the which office and calling if you should be 
 found negligent and unfaithful, ye shall not only 
 declare yourselves to be the most unw^orthy and 
 unthankful servants of Almighty God, being put 
 in trust to see the relief of his poor and needy 
 flock ; but also ye shall shew yourselves to be very 
 notable and great enemies to that work which most 
 highly doth advance and beautify the common- 
 wealth of this realm, and chiefly of this City of 
 London. 
 
 "These are therefore to require you and every of 
 you, that ye here promise, before God and this as- 
 sembly of your fellow-governors, faithfully to tra- 
 vail in this your office and calling, that this work 
 may have its perfection, and that the needy num- 
 ber committed to your charge be diligently and 
 wholesomely provided for, as you will answer be- 
 
DUTIES OF THE GOVERNORS. 7'^ 
 
 fore God at the hour and time wlien you and we 
 shall stand before Him to render an account of our 
 doings. And promising this to do, you shall now 
 be admitted into this company and fellowship." 
 
 The Treasurer receives and pays all sums of 
 money appropriated to the use of the Hospital, of 
 which he keeps an account, for the inspection of 
 the Auditors, to whom he is to produce the cash 
 remaining in hand. His annual accounts are made 
 up in December, and delivered on^or before the 
 10th of February. To relieve the Treasurer, a Re- 
 ceiver has been appointed who acts under his or- 
 ders, and is expected to render a weekly account 
 of his transactions, or oftener if necessary. Tlic 
 Treasurer is authorised to leave from 100/. to 
 1,000/. in the hands of this officer, for immediate 
 demands, and to deliver money to him as occasion 
 may require. 
 
 Within a month after his appointment, the Trea- 
 surer receives an inventory of every article in the 
 custody of the Wardrobe-keeper and the other 
 officers, which are indented. One part is kept by 
 the Treasurer, the other by the person charged, by 
 which regulation he is enabled to examine each 
 article, as circumstances may require. 
 
 Collectors, and, in fact, all the officers are under 
 his controul ; and in case of failure in tlie perform- 
 ance of the several duties he is to report to a Ge- 
 neral Court. He is to enforce the orders and re- 
 gulations of the House, summon Committees, and 
 
tJi 
 
 76 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 give notice at the first Court of the withdrawing 
 or failure of any of the revenues of the Hospital, 
 by which it may be injured. 
 
 No payments for provisions, goods delivered, or 
 work done, are to be made before the bills are ex- 
 amined, and signed by three of the Committee, 
 except wages, fees, coals, and other goods pur- 
 chased wholesale, and on which a discount is made. 
 The Treasurer, and two Almoners, order all the 
 necessaries for the children, which they are en- 
 joined to do at the most reasonable prices. 
 
 The Auditors are to enquire as to the capability 
 of gentlemen nominated for Governors, whose 
 qualifications are submitted to them by a General 
 Court. They are to inspect the accounts and re- 
 port to the Court the general state of the Hospital. 
 
 The Almoners examine the qualifications of 
 children presented for admission, and are answer- 
 able for the regulations of admission being strictly 
 adhered to. They are to examine into the state 
 of the houses both in town and country, and the 
 number of children within them ; taking care that 
 no more are admitted than the revenues of the 
 Hospital will comfortably provide for, and can be 
 commodiously lodged after the rate of two in a 
 bed. 
 
 The Almoners are occasionally to visit the Hall 
 while the children are at their meals, to see that 
 the provisions are good, properly dressed, and 
 clean, and the various officers and nurses at their 
 
^Jflrf 
 
 DUTIES OF THE GOVERNORS. 77 
 
 posts. The wards are likewise subject to their in- 
 spection, that the proper attendance, cleanh'ness 
 of ])eds and clothing, may be insured, and all ne- 
 cessaries furnished. 
 
 The Almoners are to distribute with benevolence 
 and impartiality all gifts and pensions at their dis- 
 posal, preferring the most deserving objects, and 
 to propose to a full Committee any regulations 
 conducive to the welfare of the institution. 
 
 The Renters, when summoned, are to attend 
 all views, and assist the Treasurer and other Go- 
 vernors with their judgment in the valuing of es- 
 tates and houses belonging to the Hospital, and in 
 making a true report to the next Committee ; to 
 assist in letting them, either upon lease, or tenants 
 at will, with due attention to the forms upon such 
 occasions, and, when expedient, the particulars of 
 which are to be submitted to the Court. They are 
 also enjoined " to be careful that none of the Hos- 
 pital's leases are assigned to paupers, or other im- 
 proper persons, and that no encroachment be made 
 on any part of the Hospital's estates." 
 
 OFFICERS ON THE ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 In London there are four Classical Masters; 
 two Writing-masters, with two Ushers j Mathema- 
 tical-master upon King Charles's foundation, and 
 
78 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL.^ 
 
 one upon Mr. Travers's ; Drawing and Sing- 
 ing-master ; Steward, and Matron ; four Clerks ; 
 a Surveyor and Architect; Land-surveyor, and So- 
 licitor ; a Physician, Surgeon, and resident Apo- 
 thecary. There are also six Beadles, three Street- 
 keepers (who act under the Lord Mayor in keep- 
 ing the peace), besides thirteen Nurses, and a 
 Cook. 
 
 At Hertford there is a Classical-master, Writing- 
 master, and two Ushers; and two Mistresses to 
 the girls* school ; a Steward and Matron ; Physi- 
 cian, Surgeon, and Apothecary ; two Beadles, nine 
 Nurses, and a Cook. 
 
 All the Masters, Clerks, and Beadles, have houses 
 within the Hospital (or an allowance in lieu), but 
 no other perquisites ; except the Head Classical- 
 master, who has an additional allowance for deli- 
 vering a Sunday evening lecture throughout the 
 year, except during the time of the public suppers 
 and the August vacation. 
 
 The duties of the Masters will be best explained 
 by referring to the Mode of Instruction; to which 
 may be added, the children are under their con- 
 troul during school-hours only. 
 
 The Steward has the whole superintendance 
 of the children at all times except during school- 
 hours. He takes an account of all eatables, and 
 every thing connected therewith ; seeing that the 
 children want neither their proper portion of 
 food, or the necessaries wherewith to eat it. He 
 
DUTIES OF THE OFFICERS. 7?^ 
 
 presides at all their meals in the Hall ; and takes 
 care that the Nurses and others make an impartial 
 distribution of the several articles. The regula- 
 tions in the Wards are also under his controul, he 
 appointing the Monitors to assist the Nurses in pre- 
 serving order and regularity ; and visiting them 
 occasionally himself. With the Steward rests the 
 punishment of all petty offences ; and the usual 
 time of reporting defaulters is when the boys are 
 all assembled at meals. If any boy has been guilty 
 of a gross offence, the Steward reports him to the 
 Committee of Governors, who relieve him from 
 any responsibility by having the offender before 
 them, and apportioning the degree of punishment, 
 which sometimes, but very rarely, amounts to ex- 
 pulsion. 
 
 To the Matron belongs the duty of attending 
 more particularly to the cleanliness of the chil- 
 dren, and also of the linen ; the Nurses being un- 
 der her immediate controul. In case of improper 
 conduct she is to report them to the Committee 
 who will remedy the grievance by suspension for 
 a time, or, in case of a repetition of bad conduct, 
 by removal. 
 
 The duties attached to the offices of Surveyor, 
 Collector, Clerks, Wardrobe-keeper, &c. need 
 scarcely be particularised, as the several names 
 are sufficiently descriptive of the duties of the 
 offices. 
 
 The duties of the office of Physician may be 
 
80 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 pretty generally understood ; but, taking the par- 
 ticularly healthy state of the children into conside- 
 ration, those duties are seldom much in request. 
 It happens sometimes, however, that the best re- 
 gulations cannot protect the children from epide- 
 mic diseases, as was the case in 1803 or 1804, du- 
 ring the time Dr. Long was Physician. A com- 
 plaint in the eyes, somewhat resembling the op- 
 thalmia, raged to such an extent, that the Sick- 
 ward would not afford accommodation for those 
 that were affected ; they were consequently con- 
 fined to their own wards, and ordered to attend the 
 medical consultation every morning. The regula- 
 tions adopted soon had the desired effect, and the 
 number of invalids was brought down to its usual 
 amount, which, upon the average, is under twenty. 
 Since that time one or two similar instances have 
 occurred, when the Governors, to prevent the disor- 
 der spreading, fitted up one of the drying-rooms as 
 an additional Infirmary, by which means all com- 
 munication with those affected was effectually pre- 
 vented. It is scarcely necessary to add, that by 
 these regulations health was shortly restored. 
 
 We find that Charles the Second took some in- 
 terest in the appointment of a Physician, as will 
 appear from the following document sent to the 
 Governors upon a vacancy occurring during his 
 reign : 
 
 *' Charles Rex. Trusty and well-beloved, we 
 greet you well. Having received very ample tes- 
 
nUTIES OF THE OFFICERS. 81 
 
 timony of the learning, and knowledge, and expe- 
 rience, of our trusty and beloved John Downes, 
 Doctor in Physick, and Censor of the College of 
 Physicians, and being willing that Our Hospital 
 should be provided with an able Physician ; We 
 have thought fit hereby most particularly to re- 
 commend him to you for the place of Physician to 
 that Our Hospital, void by the death of Sir John 
 Micklethwaite ; willing and requiring you to con- 
 fer the same upon him accordingly, to have, hold, 
 and enjoy it, with all the rights, privileges, emolu- 
 ments, and advantages thereto belonging ; and so, 
 not doubting your ready compliance herein. We 
 bid you farewell. Given at our Court at Windsor, 
 Aug. 2, in the 84th year of our reign. 
 
 " By his Majestie's command, Conway.'* > 
 
 The Surgeon, besides his attendance at the 
 Sick-ward, attends at the Counting-house upon the 
 days of admission for the purpose of examining 
 the children that are presented ; and makes his re- 
 port to the Governors previous to their admission. 
 
 The Apothecary resides constantly in the Hos- 
 pital, and is not allowed to attend anyH)ne that 
 does not reside there. He is not to be absent 
 without leave of the Treasurer or the Almoners. 
 He provides, at the expence of the Hospital, all 
 such drugs and medicines as the Physician judges 
 necessary; he has, in fact, a complete apothecary's 
 shop. He attends the Physician in his examina- 
 tion of the patients, and administers his prescrip- 
 
 G 
 
82 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 tions ; and in the unavoidable absence of that 
 officer, acts to the best of his judgment, and sub- 
 mits his proceedings to him at the first opportu- 
 nity. 
 
 To each ward there is a Nurse, who has the 
 charge of all the articles used by the children in 
 her ward; to see that they are kept clean, and to 
 appoint boys to serve them out at the proper times. 
 She is to see that the beds are properly made, the 
 linen changed in due course, and the ward kept 
 clean, and that no improper conduct is allowed by 
 the Monitors whom the Steward appoints to assist 
 her in keeping order. Any thing occurring con- 
 trary to these directions is to be reported to the 
 Steward either by herself or one of the Monitors. 
 She also attends in the Hall, to cut up the victuals 
 for the children under her care. 
 
 The Nurse of the Sick-ward is to receive all 
 children that are sent to her by the other nurses 
 on account of indisposition ; and is particularly 
 exhorted upon her appointment to use the utmost 
 tenderness and humanity towards the children 
 placed under her care. She is to receive the me- 
 dicines from the Apothecary, administer them, 
 and report their effects either to him or the Physi- 
 cian. To obey the orders of the Steward for the 
 government of the children, and those of the Ma- 
 tron for their cleanliness and comfort, She is to 
 prevent the children playing at any unlawful 
 games, or doing any thing that may retard their 
 
DUTIES OF THE OFFICERS. 83 
 
 recovery ; to summon them before her at uncer- 
 tain hours, have their names called over, and re- 
 port to tlie Steward all absentees. She is to keep 
 a book for the purpose of inserting the names of 
 the children under her care, when they came, what 
 their disorders, and the dates of their recovery ; 
 and in case of death to give immediate notice in 
 writing at the Counting-house, that proper mea- 
 sures may be taken for their interment. In other 
 respects her duty resembles the other nurses. 
 
 The Beadles have various duties to perform, 
 some being appointed to attend at the Counting- 
 house, and others to assist the Steward in enforcing 
 the regulations for preventing improper games du- 
 ring play-hours. They have, besides, all the duties 
 usually allotted to persons in those situations. — 
 There are two shops within the Hospital, which 
 are kept by the Beadles ; and the others have 
 a supply of House money, which they change for 
 the money given to the boys by their friends, as 
 the shops take House money only. 
 
 MODE OF PRESENTATION. 
 
 The Lord Mayor has two presentations, one as 
 
 Alderman, and one as Lord Mayor ; the President 
 
 three, two as President, and one as Alderman ; the 
 
 other Aldermen have each one presentation an- 
 
 G 2 
 
84> HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 nually, provided children are admitted. In 17<57 
 there were no presentations issued, except that 
 they complimented the Lord Mayor with his 
 extra one. 
 
 If the Lord Mayor happened to be President, 
 he would have four presentations — two as Presi- 
 dent, one as Lord Mayor, and one as Alderman. 
 
 The Treasurer has also two presentations as 
 Treasurer, and one in his turn as Governor. — The 
 privilege of the extra presentations, with a house 
 within the Hospital, the taxes of which are paid, 
 medical attendance, and the use of the balance in 
 his hands, which averages about 2000/. is all that 
 appertains to the office of Treasurer, there being 
 no salary. 
 
 The ordinary Governors fill up the remaining 
 number in rotation, beginning each year where 
 the last presentation left off. 
 
 At a Court held April 28, 1809, the following 
 Regulations for the admission of Children were 
 specially revised and settled : 
 
 I. That every Governor may present the child 
 of a parent not free of the City of London, nor a 
 Clergyman of the Church of England, either on his 
 first, second, or third presentation, as he shall 
 think proper ; and so on, one in every three pre- 
 sentations. 
 
 II. That no children be admitted, but such as 
 shall be between the ages of seven and ten years, 
 
MODE OF PRESENTATION. 85 
 
 which is to be proved by such certificates, affida- 
 vits, and vouchers, as are now, or shall be hereafter 
 required by the orders of the General Court. 
 
 III. That a child, whose parent or parents has 
 or have two other children under fourteen years of 
 age to maintain, may be admitted by a presenta- 
 tion, although such child has one brother or sister, 
 and no more, already on the charge of this Hospital. 
 
 IV. That no child shall be admitted who is a 
 foundling, or maintained at the parish charge. 
 
 V. That no children of livery servants, except 
 the freemen of the City of London j or children 
 who have any adequate means of being educated 
 or maintained, or who are lame, crooked, or de- 
 formed, so as not to be able to take care of them- 
 selves, or have any infectious distemper, as le- 
 prosy, scald-head, itch, scab, evil ; — or rupture, or 
 distemper which shall be judged incurable, shall 
 be taken into this Hospital, on any account, or by 
 any presentation whatever ; and if any such shall 
 happen to be admitted, and afterwards found dis- 
 qualified, in some or one of these instances, they 
 shall be immediately sent home to their parents, 
 or to the parishes from whence they came. 
 
 VI. That none be admitted without a due certi- 
 ficate from the minister, churchwardens, and three 
 of the principal inhabitants of the parish from 
 whence such children come, certifying the age of 
 the said children, and that they have no adequate 
 means of being educated or maintained ; the said 
 
86 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 minister, churchwardens, and inhabitants engaging 
 to discharge the Hospital of them, before or after 
 the age of fifteen years, if the Governors shall so 
 require. — If the father is minister of the parish, 
 the certificate to be signed by the officiating minis- 
 ter of a neighbouring parish. 
 
 VII. To prevent children being admitted con- 
 trary to the above Rules, they shall be presented 
 to a General Court, who will examine into the 
 truth of the certificates, vouchers, and testimonials 
 required, touching their age, birth, orphanage, or 
 other qualifications, or refer the same to the Com- 
 mittee of Almoners, strictly to examine whether 
 the allegations contained in each separate petition 
 and presentation are true, and conformable to the 
 right of the presentor, and the above regulations ; 
 and all such as shall be found otherwise shall be 
 rejected. 
 
 ADMISSION AND DISCHARGE. 
 
 There are generally from ISO to 150 boys ad- 
 mitted annually, exclusive of those admitted on 
 gifts. The Hospital is obliged, pursuant to the 
 wills of beneflictors, to receive 90 children of this 
 description ; of whom four are from Guy's Hospi- 
 tal, and the rest from public companies and pa- 
 rishes entitled to present u})on the above authorities. 
 The vacancies are filled up as they arise, without 
 
ADMISSION AND DISCHARGE. 87 
 
 waiting for the annual period. When a boy of 
 this description is discharged, notice is given to 
 the parties entitled to present, and his place is 
 filled up the next Committee day. 
 
 When a Governor gives a presentation to the 
 parents or relatives of the child to be admitted, it 
 is necessary for them to obtain a certificate of the 
 marriage of the parents, and also a copy of the re- 
 gister of the birth of the child, which must be 
 taken to the Counting-house any day (holidays ex- 
 cepted) between the hours of nine and three, when 
 the presentation will be filled up, the parents 
 giving an account of the number of children they 
 liave, their income, &c.; and information may then 
 be obtained on what day the child will be admit- 
 ted should it be found eligible. 
 
 Every child is stripped and examined by the 
 medical establishment, previous to his being ad- 
 mitted ; and upon the report of those gentlemen 
 the admission principally depends. 
 
 Once in every year the Stew^ard takes an oppor- 
 tunity of calling out all those boys whose terms ex- 
 pire within the year, and directs them to apprize 
 their friends of the circumstance ; the friends, in 
 consequence, usually come within a few days of 
 the time, and apply at the Counting-house, wliere 
 a written discharge is made out, which must be 
 delivered to the Steward, and the boy is at liberty 
 to depart. 
 
88 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 If a boy upon leaving the scliool is bound ap- 
 prentice, his master is entitled to the sum of 5l. 
 which will be paid upon his producing the inden- 
 ture, pursuant to the will of a benefactor, who 
 has left a sum of money for that purpose ; and 
 at the expiration of the apprenticeship the young 
 man may petition for a gift towards setting him up 
 in business. To obtain this, he must apply at the 
 Counting-house for a blank petition, which will be 
 granted upon his producing the copy of his free- 
 dom ; this must be signed by himself, his late mas- 
 ter, and any Governor who is not on the Commit- 
 tee. As there is a specific sum left for the pur- 
 pose, the amount of the gift will be in proportion 
 to the number of applicants. It has been known 
 in peculiar cases to amount to near 20/. ; but, in 
 general, is not above 5l. and never less, so that, 
 if the number of applicants is too large to allow 
 5l. to each, they are taken alphabetically as far as 
 the money will go, and those who are unsuccessful 
 take precedence of the new applicants the year 
 following. 
 
 MODE OF INSTRUCTION. 
 
 The boys are taught — to the utmost extent that 
 they are taught in other great schools — reading, 
 writing, arithmetic, all classical learning, and He- 
 
MODE OF INSTRUCTION. 89 
 
 brew J part in mathematics, and part in drawing. 
 According to a recent regulation, all the boys pro- 
 ceed as far in the classics as their talent or age 
 will allow. They all leave at fifteen, except those 
 who are are intended for the University or the Sea. 
 
 A sufficient number complete the classical course 
 of education to fill up the University exhibitions 
 as they become vacant. About 200 are taught in 
 the classics at Hertford, and are transferred to the 
 London establishment when they are about twelve 
 years of age. 
 
 There are seven Exhibitions or Scholarships for 
 Cambridge, and one for Oxford, belonging to the 
 Institution ; the value of which at Cambridge is 
 60/. per annum ; and at Pembroke Hall an addi- 
 tional Exhibition from the College, making about 
 90/. for the four years, and 50/. for the last three 
 years ; to which may be added the Bachelor's and 
 Master's Degrees, which are all paid by the Hos- 
 pital. The Oxford Exhibitions are 10/. more, or 
 70/. The Governors pay all fees of entrance, 20/. 
 towards furnishing the room, 10/. for books, and 
 10/. for clothes, making at least 50/. for the outfit. 
 
 The Grecians, or Scholars intended for the Uni- 
 versity, are selected by the Head Classical-master, 
 without any interference of tlie Governors, accord- 
 ing to their talents and behaviour, subject to the 
 approval of their friends. In the event of more 
 than one being equally qualified, the choice would 
 fall upon the boy of best behaviour ; and if talent 
 
90 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 and behaviour were both equal, it would then go 
 by seniority. One Exhibition goes every year to 
 Cambridge, and one every seventh year to Oxford, 
 making eight in seven years. 
 
 The following Church-preferments are in the 
 patronage of the Hospital : 
 
 Berden Perpetual Curacy, Essex. 
 
 Clavering cum Langley Vicarage, Essex. 
 
 Colne Engaine Rectory, Essex. 
 
 Endford Vicarage, Wilts. 
 
 Horley Vicarage, Surrey. 
 
 Ugley Vicarage, Essex. 
 
 Wormshill Rectory, Kent. 
 And the following alternately M'ith the Haber- 
 dashers' Company : 
 
 Albrighton Vicarage, co. Salop. 
 
 Bitteswell, Diseworth, and Wigston Vicarages, 
 Leicestershire. 
 
 Leiston Curacy, Suffolk. 
 
 On St. Matthew's Day (Sept. 21) the Lord 
 Mayor, Sheriffs, and Governors, attend Divine Ser- 
 vice at Christ Church, where an Anthem is sung 
 by the boys, and a Sermon preached by one of the 
 young gentlemen who have lately returned from 
 College; after which his Lordship, accompanied 
 by the Sheriffs and Governors, proceed to the 
 Hall, where two Orations are delivered — one in 
 English by the Senior Scholar, who soon after goes 
 to College ; and the other in Latin by the next in 
 rotation. A handsome collection is then made for 
 
MODE OF INSTRUCTION. 91 
 
 the youths ; and his Lordship and the Governors 
 retire to the Court-room, where an excellent din- 
 ner is served up under the direction of the Steward. 
 
 In the Mathematical-school the boys go through ' 
 a complete nautical course of education, which 
 comprises, 
 
 1. Decimal, sexagesimal, and logarithmctical 
 arithmetic, the extraction of the roots, and the 
 first principles of vulgar fractions. 
 
 2. The usual methods of finding the golden 
 number, epact, the moon's age, the time of her 
 southing, and also the time of high water in any 
 port. 
 
 3. The principles of geometry in the construc- 
 tion of such problems as are useful and necessary 
 in the following articles. 
 
 4. Plane and spherical trigonometry in the reso- 
 lution of all the various cases of rectangular and 
 oblique angular triangles. 
 
 5. The use of the terrestrial globe in finding 
 the latitudes and longitudes of places, their angle 
 of position, and the distance between them. Also 
 the use of the celestial globe in finding the lati- 
 tudes, longitudes, right ascensions, declinations, 
 amplitudes, azimuths, and altitudes of the sun, 
 moon, or fixed stars ; together with the times of 
 their rising, setting, and culminating. 
 
 6. Plane-sailing, i. e. the working of traverses, 
 the resolution of all plane-sailing questions, with 
 
92 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 their application to sailing in currents and turning 
 to windward. 
 
 7. Mercator's and middle latitude sailings, ex- 
 emplified in the resolution of all the usual ques- 
 tions. 
 
 8. Projection of the sphere; and the application 
 of spherical trignometry in the resolution of such 
 questions in astronomy as are necessary in finding 
 the amplitudes, azimuths, altitudes, right ascen- 
 sions, declinations, and angular distances, of the 
 sun, moon, and fixed stars. 
 
 9. The doctrine of parallexes, and the method 
 of computing their effects on the altitudes and an- 
 gular distances of celestial objects. 
 
 10. The use of instruments proper for observing 
 the altitudes, azimuths, and angular distances of 
 the sun, moon, and stars ; such as the quadrant, 
 and amplitude and azimuth compass, with the use 
 of the observations in finding the variation of the 
 compass, the latitude a ship is in, as w^ell from the 
 meridional altitudes of the sun, moon, and stars, 
 as by means of two altitudes of the sun and the 
 time which elapses between the observations ; also 
 in finding the longitude of the ship by a time- 
 keeper, and by the observed distance of the moon 
 from the sun or a fixed star. 
 
 11. The use of the plane and Mercator's charts. 
 
 12. The use and appUcation of the preceding 
 articles in the actual working of day's work, and 
 correcting the dead reckoning by the observations. 
 
93 
 
 EXAMINATION DAYS. 
 
 There«are two Examination Days in the course 
 of the year, viz. in March and September, wlien 
 the boys^oelonging to tlie Grammar-schools are 
 examined ks to their progress in the Classics by 
 the Head-master of St. Paul's school ; in Reading, 
 by the llev.4Mr. Prince ; and in Arithmetic, by a 
 Gentleman appointed by the Governors for that 
 purpose, who distributes two gold and four silver 
 medals to the six boys who shew the greatest profi- 
 ciency. Twelve boys are selected by the Examiner 
 from under each Writing-master, after a previous 
 examination, to contend for the prizes upon Exa- 
 mination Day, nineof whom must be unsuccessful. 
 Having thrice had the honour of being appointed 
 a candidate (the second of which times I had the 
 good fortune to be successful *, and the third did 
 not take place till after I had left the school), I 
 can add my humble testimony to the impartiality 
 of tb^whole proceeding. The practice adopted 
 by the Examiner is to read the questions to the 
 boys for them to copy upon their slates, after 
 which, upon a given signal, they begin, and the 
 boy that is first done turns his slate fice down- 
 wards upon the table before the Examiner, the se- 
 
 * An unfortunate fire at the house of my master during my 
 apprenticeship deprived me of this medal ; which, after the hard 
 struggle I had to obtain it, was considered of no trifling value. 
 
94" HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 cond places his in the same manner upon the first, 
 and so on till they are all done, when they are 
 turned up altogether, and each boy reads his own 
 answer. The Examiner then takes down the 
 names of all those boys whose sums are right, and 
 the first boy that has done the greatest number is 
 declared entitled to the gold medal, and the next 
 two have a silver medal each. 
 
 There are also prize pieces, written for the oc- 
 casion, exhibited upon a cross table at the top of 
 the Hall ; and the Treasurer awards a silver-gilt 
 pen to the best writer under each of the two Mas- 
 ters, and the other boys that write prize pieces 
 have each a small silver medal given them. The 
 boys who write the prize pieces are selected by 
 their Masters, each of the two Masters appointing 
 six. The pieces are exhibited, without any names, 
 with the Master's private mark at the back, and 
 in this state the Treasurer, assisted by the Gover- 
 nors present, declares to which the prize apper- 
 tains. The boys afterwards put their names to 
 their pieces, and take them to their friends. 
 
 The other pieces written for the occasion are 
 laid out upon the dining-tables in the Hall, and 
 each boy has his own performances placed before 
 him. 
 
 The prize drawings are also hung up in the 
 Hall, and a medal awarded to the boy who exe- 
 cuted the best. 
 
SCHOOL HOURS. — VACATIONS. 95 
 
 SCHOOL HOURS. 
 
 From the 1st of March to tlie 31st of October, 
 school begins at seven o'clock, and continues till 
 eight, and then again from nine till twelve. In 
 the afternoon from two till five. 
 
 From the 1st of November to the last day of 
 February, school begins at eight o'clock, and con- 
 tinues till nine, and then again from ten till twelve. 
 In the afternoon from two till four. 
 
 VACATIONS. 
 
 At Easter there is a vacation of ten days, com- 
 mencing with the Wednesday in Passion-week, 
 which is called cloathing week. 
 
 On Easter Monday the boys walk in procession, 
 accompanied by the Masters and Steward, to the 
 Royal Exchange, from whence they proceed to 
 the Mansion-house, where they are joined by the 
 Lord Mayor, the Lady Mayoress, the Sheriffs, Al- 
 dermen, Recorder, Chamberlain, Town Clerk, and 
 other City Officers, with their Ladies. From thence 
 the cavalcade proceeds to Christ Church, where a 
 Sermon is preached, always by one of the Bishops, 
 and an Anthem sung by the children. His Lord- 
 
96 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 ship afterwards returns to the Mansion-house, 
 where a grand civic entertainment is prepared, 
 which is followed by an elegant ball in the evening. 
 
 On Easter Tuesday the boys again walk in pro- 
 cession to the Mansion-house, but, instead of the 
 Masters, they are accompanied by the Matron and 
 Nurses. On Monday they walk in the order of 
 the schools, each Master being at the head of the 
 school over which he presides ; and the boys in the 
 Mathematical -school carry their various instru- 
 ments. On Tuesday they walk in the order of 
 the different wards, the Nurses walking at the head 
 of the boys under her immediate care. On their 
 arrival at the Mansion-house they have the honour 
 of being presented individually to the Lord Mayor, 
 who gives to each boy a new sixpence, a glass of 
 wine, and two buns. His Lordship afterwards 
 accompanies them to Christ Church, where the 
 service is the same as on Monday. The sermon 
 is on Tuesday usually preached by his Lordship's 
 Chaplain. 
 
 The rest of the week is the same as the other 
 vacations ; Wednesday being a whole holiday or 
 Leave *, and Friday a Half-day leave. On the 
 Monday following, which is called FunVing Mon- 
 day, scliool is resumed. The very name of Funk- 
 
 * Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, in the vacation weeks, 
 are the days appointed for the boys to visit their friends, and 
 are termed Leaves ; all other days when there is no school, and 
 they are not allowed to leave the Hospital, are termed Holidays 
 only. 
 
VACATIONS. 97 
 
 ing Monday cannot fail of recalling to the mind of 
 all Blues (even now the terror of the rod is past) 
 the gloomy aspect of the morning, especially in the 
 countenances of those who had neglected perform- 
 ances to account for. 
 
 At Whitsuntide the holidays continue one week, 
 upon the same plan as to Leaves as at Easter. 
 
 From Whitsuntide till the August holidays there 
 is only the intermission of a few half-day-leaves on 
 Saints' days. It is at this vacation, which lasts a 
 month, that the privilege of sleeping out is granted. 
 This being intended for the accommodation of 
 boys whose friends reside in the country, is granted 
 upon certain conditions : the boy must have 
 been upwards of two years in the school; must 
 not change any part of his dress, nor be seen 
 within ten miles of London, except in going and 
 returning. Application must be made by the 
 friends of the boy to the Steward, and their suc- 
 cess depends principally upon good behaviour. No 
 boy is allowed to sleep out at any other time, ex- 
 cept when recommended by the medical establish- 
 ment, and the period is then determined by the 
 health of the party. • 
 
 At Christmas the holidays commence with 
 Christmas-day, and continue for the remainder of 
 that week, and the whole of the next. 
 
 Besides the holidays already mentioned, every 
 red-letter day is a holiday, and most of them 
 leaves ; and there are a few more that appear to 
 
 H 
 
98 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 depend upon good behaviour only, but which cus- 
 tom has made as independent of it as any other 
 hohdays: of this description is the Wardrobe- 
 keeper's holiday, the Steward's birth-day, and the 
 Nurse's holiday. 
 
 It is the custom for the Wardrobe-keeper, after 
 he has finished serving out the new clothes, which 
 is on the Thursday before Easter, to make applica- 
 tion to the Steward for a Leave for the boys on ac- 
 count of their good behaviour, which is always 
 granted. The Nurse's holiday is on the Thursday 
 before the August vacation ; and as the boys are 
 always in school till three o'clock on Thursdays, it 
 is necessary for them to apply to the Masters as well 
 as the Steward. The Steward's holiday is, of 
 course, whenever his birth-day may happen to fall. 
 
 PUBLIC SUPPERS.. 
 
 Every Sunday evening from the first Sunday in 
 March to the last Sunday in May, both inclusive, 
 is appropriated to the Public Suppers; that is, 
 when company is admitted into the Hall to witness 
 the ceremony, which, to strangers in particular, is 
 a very interesting sight. It is necessary upon 
 these occasions to be introduced personally by a 
 Governor. 
 
 The ceremony commences by the Steward 
 
PUBLIC SUPPERS. 99 
 
 giving three loud knocks upon his table ; the first 
 of which may be termed a signal for the boys 
 to take their places, the second for silence, and 
 the third for the Grecian to begin reading one 
 of the lessons appointed for the evening service 
 of that day. This is followed by appropriate 
 prayers. The response of Amen at the end of each 
 prayer, pronounced by near eight hundred voices, 
 seems to have an almost electrical eifect upon 
 strangers, but to us who were habituated to the 
 sound of it fifteen or twenty times a day that effect 
 is entirely lost. After prayers the Grecian gives 
 out the psalm to be sung, which is followed by a 
 short grace that closes the ceremony before supper. 
 
 The grace after supper is followed by an anthem ; 
 and the ceremony concludes with the boys passing 
 in rotation before the President or Treasurer 
 (whichever may happen to fill the chair), to whom 
 they make their bow, and retire. The separation 
 of the different wards is known by the Nurses being 
 at the head of the boys under their care (and, 
 when candles were necessary, preceded by a little 
 boy holding two high candlesticks). A minute 
 observer would also notice that in each ward there 
 are boys carrying the same things that have been 
 used at supper, such as bread-baskets, table-cloths, 
 knife-baskets, &c. all of which add considerably 
 to the effect. 
 
 Mr. Malcolm, who attended as a stranger to 
 witness the ceremony, makes the following obser- 
 H 2 
 
100 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 vation upon the singing, the justness of which few, 
 I think, will question : " Such is the modulation 
 and restraint of the voices, that, though numerous 
 enough to deafen the hearer, the sounds ascend in 
 powerful yet gentle strains to the throne of mercy, 
 for blessings on the founders and benefactors. 
 Indeed, the harmony would be complete, were it 
 not for the unpleasant s that hisses through our 
 language, which is particularly perceivable in the 
 hymn sung by the boys, and may perhaps be un- 
 avoidable." 
 
 The public suppers a few years back began at 
 Christmas and ended at Easter, instead of the pre- 
 sent regulation ; and here I must be allowed, with 
 all due deference to the Committee, to notice the 
 loss of effect by putting off the public suppers till 
 the evenings are sufficiently light to render lamps 
 unnecessary. That most praiseworthy motive, eco- 
 nomy, may have suggested the alteration, but the 
 saving is, I think, hardly equivalent to the sacrifice, 
 though, perhaps, something must be allowed for 
 the prejudice created by the effect of a brilliant 
 illumination upon a juvenile mind. The many 
 tastefully-arranged lights on each side of the Hall, 
 the lighted organ-loft, the numerous candles, with 
 their decorated stands, and, above all, the hand- 
 some erection for visitors, with the brilliantly- 
 lighted sconce in its front, and the large window 
 and its splendid drapery, with its lights also, cannot 
 be given up by those who have so often taken 
 
LIBRARY. 101 
 
 part in the ceremony without a feeHng of the 
 deepest regret. 
 
 A Library has within the last few years been 
 established within tlie Hospital. Each ward has 
 a portion of the books forming the library allotted 
 to it, which are changed for the books in some 
 other ward as often as the Head Classical-master 
 shall direct. The library consists of many of the 
 most valuable standard works in Enghsh literature, 
 besides many light things suited to the juvenile 
 minds of the readers. The privilege of reading 
 these books is confined to the three first reading 
 classes, and the boys are allowed, during the long 
 evenings between the 8d of September and the 
 first Thursday after Easter, to sit up two hours 
 later at night than the other boys for the purpose 
 of perusing them. No book, which does not be- 
 long to this library, is permitted to be read unless 
 first inspected and approved of by one of the 
 Grecians. 
 
 The interior government of the wards is vested 
 in the Nurses, assisted by three or four Monitors, 
 who are appointed by the Steward. These Moni- 
 tors, if in the first reading class, are appointed 
 Markers by the Head Classical-master. The duty 
 of a Marker is, to hear the boys read and spell 
 after dinner on Sundays; and, as a reward, the 
 Head Classical-master is allowed to distribute sil- 
 ver medals among those whom he thinks most de- 
 serving. These he gives, with few exceptions, to 
 
102 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 those who have filled the situation a year or more, 
 upon their leaving the school. A Marker is known 
 by his wearing a medal suspended by a light blue 
 ribband from the button-hole on Sundays. 
 
 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE. 
 
 According to the evidence given before the 
 Committee of the House of Commons in 1816, it 
 appears that the gross income of the Plospital, ex- 
 clusive of the balance in the hands of the Treasurer 
 upon making up the accounts, and arising from 
 all sources, was, in 1814, 44,725/. ; and in 1815, 
 43,386/. The expenditure for the same years was 
 —1814, 41,061/. ; and, in 1815, 40,420/. 
 
 The Nurses are paid weekly, provision bills 
 quarterly, and the v/orkmen and tradesmen's bills 
 half-yearly. 
 
 The cash-book is balanced every week, signed 
 by the Treasurer, and laid before the Committee 
 every time they meet. 
 
 The annual amount of salaries in London in 
 1815 was 5,244/. and at Hertford 1,746/. making a 
 total of 6,990/. which includes the wages of all the 
 servants, and pensions to retired officers and 
 widows. 
 
FORM OF BURIAL. 103 
 
 I should have mentioned, in the account of the 
 Infirmary, the very interesting ceremony of per- 
 forming the funeral rites of the few who depart 
 this life while in the Hospital. The deaths occur 
 so seldom that few comparatively have had the op- 
 portunity of paying this last sad tribute of respect 
 to the memory of a departed school-fellow ; but 
 when the melancholy occasion does occur, a more 
 solemn or interesting ceremony can scarcely be 
 witnessed. A procession is formed in the square 
 of the Infirmary, consisting of the Beadles, the 
 Steward, the whole of the boys belonging to the 
 same ward as the deceased, the choir-boys, the 
 Minister (one of the Classical-masters), and Clerk; 
 then the corpse, followed by his own relations and 
 friends as mourners. As soon as the boys enter 
 the Cloisters, they begin singing the Burial An- 
 them, which they continue all round, and until 
 they reach the burial-ground, when the Minister 
 (as in other cases) begins the funeral service. The 
 Cloisters upon these occasions are cleared of all 
 but those who assist in the mournful ceremony, 
 which adds greatly to the solemnity ; indeed, it is 
 hardly possible to describe the effect when the pro- 
 cession is proceeding round those reverberating 
 remains of the old Priory, dismal at all times when 
 cleared of those who give life to the scene, but 
 doubly so upon these occasions. The echo of 
 
104. HISTORY OF CHRIST*S HOSPITAL. 
 
 the Burial Anthem at this time has an effect 
 which those only who have witnessed the cere- 
 mony can form a just idea of. 
 
 Having availed myself upon a former occasion 
 of the very able letter of Mr. Lamb on the Charac- 
 ter of the Christ's Hospital Boys, I feel little dis- 
 posed to deviate from the plan I then adopted. 
 Besides, as Mr. Lamb and myself agree to the very 
 letter, I should experience no trifling difficulty in 
 telling the same story after him. The opportunity, 
 therefore, thus afforded of avoiding a comparison 
 by which I should undoubtedly suffer, is an addi- 
 tional motive for my purloining the labour of ano- 
 ther, and, as something of the kind would be ex- 
 pected here, I take the liberty of fudging* from 
 Mr. Lamb accordingly. I shall also, at the sug- 
 gestion of a friend, add a note or two. 
 
 ♦ To those among my readers who were not Blues, it may be 
 necessary to observe that the copying of sums from one boy's 
 book into that of another, instead of fresh working them, was 
 termed fudging. 
 
105 
 
 ON 
 
 CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 CHARACTER OF THE BOYS. 
 
 BY MR. CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 A great deal has been said about the Governors 
 of this Hospital abusing their right of presentation, 
 by presenting the children of opulent parents to 
 the Institution. This may have been the case in 
 an instance or two ; and what wonder, in an esta- 
 blishment consisting, in town and country, of up- 
 wards of a thousand boys ! But I believe there is 
 no great danger of an abuse of this sort ever be- 
 coming very general. There is an old quality in 
 human nature, which will perpetually present an 
 adequate preventive to this evil. While the coarse 
 blue coat and the yellow hose shall continue to be 
 the costume of the school, (and never may modern 
 refinement innovate upon the venerable fashion !) 
 the sons of the Aristocracy of this country, cleric 
 or laic, will not often be obtruded upon this se- 
 minary. 
 
 I own, I wish there was more room for such 
 complaints. I cannot but think that a sprinkling 
 
106 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 of the sons of respectable parents among them has 
 an admirable tendency to liberalize the whole 
 mass ; and that to the great proportion of Clergy- 
 men's children in particular which are to be found 
 among them it is owing, that the foundation has 
 not long since degenerated into a mere charity- 
 school, as it must do upon the plan so hotly recom- 
 mended by some reformists, of recruiting its ranks 
 from the offspring of none but the very lowest of 
 the people. 
 
 I am not learned enough in the history of the 
 Hospital to say by what steps it may have departed 
 from the letter of its original charter ; but believ- 
 ing it, as it is at present constituted, to be a great 
 practical benefit, I am not anxious to revert to 
 first principles, to overturn a positive good, under 
 pretence of restoring something which existed in 
 the days of Edward the Sixth, when the face of 
 every thing around us was as different as can be 
 from the present. Since that time the opportuni- 
 ties of instruction to the very lowest classes (of as 
 much instruction as may be beneficial and not per- 
 nicious to them) have multiplied beyond what the 
 prophetic spirit of the first suggester of this charity 
 could have predicted, or the wishes of that holy 
 man even aspired to. There are parochial schools, 
 and Bell's and Lancaster's, with their arms open 
 to receive every son of ignorance, and disperse the 
 last fog of uninstructed darkness which dwells upon 
 the land. What harm, then, if in the heart of this 
 
ON ITS CHARACTER. 10? 
 
 noble City there should be left one receptacle, 
 where parents of rather more liberal views, but 
 whose time-straitened circumstances do not admit 
 of affording their children that better sort of edu- 
 cation which they themselves, not without cost to 
 their parents, have received, may without cost send 
 their sons? For such Christ's Hospital unfolds 
 her bounty. To comfort the desponding parent 
 with the thought that, without diminishing the 
 stock which is imperiously demanded to furnish 
 the more pressing and homely wants of our nature, 
 he has disposed of one or more perhaps out of a nu- 
 merous offspring, under the shelter of a care scarce 
 less tender than the paternal, where not only their 
 bodily cravings shall be supplied, but that mental 
 pabulum is also dispensed, which He hath declared 
 to be no less necessary to our sustenance, who said, 
 that " not by bread alone man can live." Here 
 neither, on the one hand, are the youth lifted up 
 above their family, which we have supposed liberal, 
 tliough reduced ; nor on the other hand, are they 
 liable to be depressed below its level by the mean 
 habits and sentiments which a common charity- 
 school generates. It is, in a word, an institution 
 to keep those who have yet held up their heads in 
 the world from sinking ; to keep alive the spirit of 
 a decent household, when poverty was in danger 
 of crushing it ; to assist those wlio are the most 
 willing, but not always the most able, to assist 
 themselves ; to separate a child from his family for 
 
108 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 a season, in order to render him back hereafter, 
 with feelings and habits more congenial to it, than 
 he could ever have obtained by remaining at home 
 in the bosom of it. It is a preserving and renova- 
 ting principle, an antidote for the res angusta domi, 
 when it presses, as it always does, most heavily 
 upon the most ingenuous natures *. 
 
 This is Christ's Hospital; and whether its cha- 
 racter would be improved by confining its advan- 
 tages to the very lowest of the people, let those 
 judge who have witnessed the looks, the gestures, 
 thebehaviour, themanner of their play with one ano- 
 ther, their deportment towards strangers, the whole 
 aspect and physiognomy of the vast assemblage of 
 boys on the London foundation, who freshen and 
 make alive again with their sports the else mouldering 
 cloisters of the old Grey Friers — which strangers 
 who have never witnessed, if they pass through 
 
 * Here I must observe, that whatever difference there may- 
 be in the rank which the parents or friends of the boys hold in 
 society, it makes not the slightest difference in the school ; and I 
 cannot do better than give an illustration of this in the language 
 of Mr. Leigh Hunt, communicated in a friendly letter upon the 
 subject of the present publication. " I recollect at the time I 
 was there," says Mr. Hunt, " an instance of two boys, one of 
 whom, when he went home, used to go up stairs to his father or 
 kinsman, I forget which, the owner of the house, and the other 
 down stairs to his father the coachman. The best of it was, as 
 you must well remember, that distinctions of this kind had no 
 effect whatever upon tlie sense of a boy's importance among his 
 school-iellows." 
 
ON THE CHARACTER OF THE HOYS. 109 
 
 Newgate-street, or by Smithfielcl, would do well to 
 go a little out of the way to see: let those judge, I 
 say, who have compared this scene with the abject 
 countenances, the squalid mirth, the broken-down 
 spirit, and crouching, or else fierce and brutal de- 
 portment to strangers, of the very different sets of 
 little beings who range round the precincts of 
 common orphan schools and places of charity. 
 
 For.the Christ's Hospital boy feels that he is no 
 charity-boy ; he feels it in the antiquity and rega- 
 lity of the foundation to which he belongs ; in the 
 usage which he meets with at school, and the 
 treatment he is accustomed to out of its bounds ; 
 in the respect, and even kindness, which his well- 
 known garb never fails to procure him in the streets 
 of the metropolis ; he feels it in his education, in 
 that measure of classical attainments, which every 
 individual at that school, though not destined to a 
 learned profession, has it in his power to procure, 
 attainments which it would be worse than folly to 
 put it in the reach of the labouring classes to ac- 
 quire : he feels it in the numberless comforts, and 
 even magnificences, which surround him ; in his 
 old and awful cloisters, with their traditions; in 
 his spacious school-rooms, and in the well-ordered, 
 airy, and lofty rooms where he sleeps; in his stately 
 dining hall, hung round with pictures by Verrio, 
 Lely, and others, one of them surpassing in size 
 and grandeur almost any other in the kingdom ; 
 above all, in the very extent and magnitude of the 
 
110 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 body to which he belongs, and the consequent spi- 
 rit, the intelligence, and public conscience, which 
 is the result of so many various yet w^onderfully 
 combining members. Compared with this last- 
 named advantage, what is the stock of informa- 
 tion, (I do not here speak of book-learning, but of 
 that knowledge which boy receives from boy,) the 
 mass of collected opinions, the intelligence in com- 
 mon, among the few and narrow members of an 
 ordinary boarding-school. 
 
 The Christ's Hospital or Blue-coat boy has a dis- 
 tinctive character of his own, as far removed from 
 the abject qualities of a common charity-boy, as it is 
 from the disgusting forwardness of a lad brought 
 up at some other of the Public Schools. There is 
 pride in it, accumulated from the circumstances 
 which I have described, as differencing him from 
 the former ; and there is a restraining modesty, 
 from a sense of obligation and dependance, which 
 must ever keep his deportment from assimilating 
 to that of the latter. His very garb, as it is an- 
 tique and venerable, feeds his self-respect; as it is a 
 badge of dependance, it restrains the natural petu- 
 lance of that age from breaking out into overt-acts 
 of insolence. This produces silence and a reserve 
 before strangers, yet not that cowardly shyness 
 which boys mewed up at home will feel ; he will 
 speak up when spoken to, but the stranger must 
 begin the conversation with him. Within his 
 bounds he is all fire and play ; but in the streets he 
 
ON THE CHARACTER OF THE BOYS, 111 
 
 Steals along with all the self-concentration of a 
 young monk. He is never known to mix with 
 other boys ; they are a sort of laity to him. All 
 this proceeds, I have no doubt, from the continual 
 consciousness which he carries about him of the 
 difference of his dress from that of the rest of the 
 world; with a modest jealousy over himself, lest, 
 by over-hastily mixing with common and secular 
 playfellows, he should commit the dignity of his 
 cloth. Nor let any one laugh at this ; for, consi- 
 dering the propensity of the multitude, and espe- 
 cially of the small multitude, to ridicule any thing 
 unusual in dress — above all, where such peculiarity 
 may be construed by malice into a mark of dispa- 
 ragement — this reserve will appear to be nothing 
 more than a wise instinct in the Blue-coat boy. 
 That it is neither pride nor rusticity, at least that 
 it has none of the offensive qualities of either, a 
 stranger may soon satisfy himself by putting a 
 question to any of these boys : he may be sure of 
 an answer couched in terms of plain civility, nei- 
 ther loquacious nor embarrassed. Let him put 
 the same question to a Parish boy, or to one of the 
 
 Trencher caps in the Cloister ; and the 
 
 impudent reply of the one shall not fail to exaspe- 
 rate, any more than the certain servility, and mer- 
 cenary eye to reward, which he will meet with in 
 the other, can fail to depress and sadden him. 
 
 The Christ's Hospital boy is a religious charac- 
 ter. His school is eminently a religious founda- 
 
112 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 tion ; it has its peculiar prayers, its services at set 
 times, its graces, hymns, and anthems, following 
 each other in an almost monastic closeness of suc- 
 cession. This religious character in him is not 
 always untinged with superstition. That is not 
 wonderful, when we consider the thousand tales 
 and traditions which must circulate, with undis- 
 turbed credulity, amongst so many boys, that have 
 so few checks to their belief from any intercourse 
 with the world at large ; upon whom their equals 
 in age must work so much, their elders so little. 
 With this leaning towards an over-belief in matters 
 of Religion, which will soon correct itself when he 
 comes out into society, may be classed a turn for 
 Romance above most other boys. This is to be 
 traced in the same manner to their excess of society 
 with each other, and defect of mingling with the 
 world. Hence the peculiar avidity with which 
 such books as the Arabian Nights Entertainments, 
 and others of a still wilder cast, are, or at least 
 were in my time, sought for by the boys. I re- 
 member when some half dozen of them set off 
 from school, without map, card, or compass, on a 
 serious expedition to find out Philip QuarlVs Is- 
 land. 
 
 The Christ's Hospital boy's sense of right and 
 wrong is peculiarly tender and apprehensive. It 
 is even apt to run out into ceremonial observances; 
 and to impose a yoke upon itself beyond the strict 
 obligation of the moral law. Those who were 
 
ON THE CHARACTER OF THE BOYS. 113 
 
 contemporaries witli mc at the Scliool fivc-and- 
 twenty or thirty years ago, will remember M'ith 
 what m.orc than Judaic rigour the eating of the 
 fat of certain boiled meats, under the denomina- 
 tion of gags, was interdicted. A boy would have 
 blushed, as at the exposure of some heinous immo- 
 rality, to have been detected eating that forbidden 
 portion of his allowance of animal food, the whole 
 of which, while he was in health, was little more 
 than sufficient to allay his hunger. The same, or 
 even greater, refinement was shewn in the rejection 
 of certain kinds of sweet cake. What gave rise 
 to these superrogatory penances, these self-denying 
 ordinances, I could never learn * ; they certainly 
 argue no defect of the conscientious principle. A 
 little excess in that article is not undesirable in 
 youth, to make allowance for the inevitable waste 
 which comes in maturer years. But in the less 
 ambiguous line of duty, in those directions of the 
 moral feelings which cannot be mistaken or depre- 
 ciated, I will relate what took place in the year 
 
 * *' I am told that the Steward ( Mr. Hathaway ) , who has 
 evinced on many occasions a most praise-worthy anxiety to pro- 
 mote the comfort of the boys, had occasion for all his address 
 and perseverance to eradicate the first of these unfortunate pre- 
 judices, in which he at length happily succeeded, and thereby 
 restored to one half of the animal nutrition of the School those 
 honours which painful superstition and blind zeal had so long 
 conspired to withhold from it." — Such may possibly be the case 
 at present, but twenty years after Mr. Lamb's time the custom 
 remained unaltered. 
 
114 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 1785, when Mr. Perry, the Steward, died. I 
 must be pardoned for taking my instances from 
 my own times. Indeed, the vividness of my re- 
 collections, while I am upon this subject, almost 
 bring back those times ; they are present to me 
 still. But I believe that in the years which have 
 elapsed since the period which I speak of, the cha- 
 racter of the Christ's Hospital boy is very little 
 changed. Their situation in point of many com- 
 forts is improved ; but that which I ventured be- 
 fore to term the public conscience of the Scliool, 
 the pervading moral sense, of which every mind 
 partakes, and to which so many individual minds 
 contribute, remains, I believe, pretty much the 
 same as when I left it. I have seen within this 
 twelvemonth almost the change which has been 
 produced upon a boy of eight or nine years of age, 
 upon being admitted into that school ; how, from 
 a pert young coxcomb, who thought that all know- 
 ledge was comprehended within his shallow brains, 
 because a smattering of two or three languages 
 and one or two sciences were stuffed into him by 
 injudicious treatment at home, by a mixture with 
 the wholesome society of so many school-fellows, 
 in less time than I have spoken of, he has sunk 
 to his own level, and is contented to be carried 
 on in the quiet orb of modest self-knowledge in 
 which the common mass of that unpresumptuous 
 assemblage of boys seem to move on ; from being 
 a little unfeeling mortal, he has got to feel and 
 reflect. Nor would it be a difficult matter to 
 
ON THE CHAUACTER OF THE HOYS. 11.0 
 
 shew how at a school like this, vvliere the boy 
 is neither entirely separated from liome, nor yet 
 exclusively under its influence, the best feelings, 
 the filial for instance, are brought to a maturity 
 which they could not have attained under a 
 completely domestic education j how the relation 
 of parent is rendered less tender by unremitted 
 association, and the very awfulness of age best 
 apprehended by some sojourning amidst the com- 
 parative levity of youth ; how absence, not drawn 
 out by too great extension into alienation or 
 forgetfulness, puts an edge upon the relish of oc- 
 casional intercourse, and the boy is made the bet- 
 ter child by that which keeps the force of that 
 relation from being felt as perpetually pressing on 
 him ; how the substituted paternity, into the care 
 of which he is adopted, while in every thing sub- 
 stantial it makes up for the natural, in the neces- 
 sary omission of individual fondnesses and partiali- 
 ties, directs the mind only the more strongly to 
 appreciate that natural and first tie, in which such 
 weaknesses are the bond of strength, and the ap- 
 petite which craves after them betrays no perverse 
 palate. But these speculations rather belong to 
 the question of the comparative advantages of a 
 public over a private education in general. I 
 must get back to my favourite school; and to that 
 which took place when our old and good Steward 
 died. 
 
 And I will say, that when I think of the frequent 
 I 2 
 
llG HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 instances which I have met with in children, of a 
 hard-heartedness, a callousness, and insensibility 
 to the loss of relations, even of those who have be- 
 got and nourished them, I cannot but consider it 
 as a proof of something in the peculiar conforma- 
 tion of that School, favourable to the expansion of 
 the best feelings of our nature, that, at the period 
 which I am noticing, out of five hundred boys 
 there was not a dry eye to be found among them, 
 nor a heart that did not beat with genuine emo- 
 tion. Every impulse to play, until the funeral day 
 was past, seemed suspended throughout the 
 School ; and the boys, lately so mirthful and 
 sprightly, were seen pacing their Cloisters alone, or 
 in sad groupes standing about, few of them with- 
 out some token, such as their slender means could 
 provide, a black ribband, or something to denote 
 respect, and a sense of their loss. The time itself 
 was a time of anarchy, a time in which all autho- 
 rity (out of school-hours) was abandoned. The or- 
 dinary restraints were for those days superseded ; 
 and the gates, which at other times kept us in, were 
 left without watchers. Yet, with the exception of 
 one or two graceless boys at most, who took ad- 
 vantage of that suspension of authorities to skulk 
 out, as it was called, the whole body of that great 
 School kept rigorously within their bounds by a 
 voluntary self-imprisonment ; and they who broke 
 bounds, though they escaped punishment from any 
 Master, fell into a general disrepute among us, and 
 for that which at any other time would have been 
 
ON THE CHARACTER OF THE IJOYS. 117 
 
 applauded and admired as a mark of spirit, were 
 consigned to infamy and reprobation : so much 
 natural government liave gratitude and the princi- 
 ples of reverence and love, and so much did a re- 
 spect to their dead friend prevail with these 
 Christ's Hospital boys above any fear which his 
 presence among them when living could ever pro- 
 duce. And if the impressions which were made 
 on my mind so long ago are to be trusted, very 
 richly did their late Steward deserve this tribute. 
 It is a pleasure to me even now to call to mind his 
 portly form, the regal awe which he always con- 
 trived to inspire, in spite of a tenderness and even 
 weakness of nature that would have enfeebled the 
 reins of discipline in any other master; a yearning 
 of tenderness towards those under his protection, 
 which could make five hundred boys at once feel 
 towards him each as to their individual father *. 
 He had faults, with which we had nothing to do ; 
 but with all his faults, indeed Mr. Perry was a most 
 extraordinary creature. Contemporary with him, 
 and still living, though he has long since resigned 
 his occupation, will it be impertinent to mention 
 the name of our excellent Upper Grammar-master, 
 the Rev. James Boyer ? He was a disciplinarian, 
 indeed, of a different stamp from him whom I have 
 just described ; but, now the terrors of the rod, 
 and of a temper a little too hasty to leave the 
 
 * This character of Mr. Perry must not be passed over witli- 
 out noticing how strictly it applies to his successor, Mr. Hatha- 
 way, the late Steward. 
 
118 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 more nervous of us quite at our ease to do justice 
 to his merits in those days, are long since over, 
 ungrateful were we if we should refuse our testi- 
 mony to that unwearied assiduity with which he 
 attended to the particular improvement of each of 
 us. Had we been the offspring of the first gentry 
 in the land, he could not have been instigated by 
 the strongest views of recompence and reward to 
 have made himself a greater slave to the most la- 
 borious of all occupations than he did for us sons 
 of charity, from whom, or from our parents, he 
 could expect nothing. He has had his reward in 
 the satisfaction of having discharged his duty, in 
 the pleasureable consciousness of having advanced 
 the respectability of that Institution to which, both 
 man and boy, he was attached ; in the honours to 
 which so many of his pupils have successfully as- 
 pired at both our Universities; and in the staff 
 with which the Governors of the Hospital at the 
 close of his hard labours, with the highest expres- 
 sions of the obligations the School lay under to 
 him, unanimously voted to present him. 
 
 I have often considered it among the felicities 
 of the constitution of this School, that the offices 
 of Steward and Schoolmaster are kept distinct ; 
 the strict business of education alone devolving 
 upon the latter, while the former has the charge of 
 all things out of school, the controul of the provi- 
 sions, the regulation of meals, of dress, of play, 
 and the ordinary intercourse of the boys. By 
 this division of management, a sui)erior res])ecta- 
 
ON THE CHARACTER OF THE BOYS. 119 
 
 bility must attach to the teacher, while his office 
 is unmixed with any of these lower concerns *. A 
 still greater advantage over the construction of 
 common boarding-schools is to be found in the set- 
 tled salaries of the Masters, rendering them totally 
 free of obligation to any individual pupil or his pa- 
 rents. This never fails to have its effect at schools 
 where each boy can reckon up to a hair what profit 
 the master derives from him, where he views him 
 every day in the light of a caterer, a provider for 
 the family, who is to get so much by him in each 
 of his meals. Boys will see and consider these 
 things ; and how much must the sacred character 
 of preceptor suffer in their minds by these de- 
 
 * It has been observed, and I think very justly, that the dif- 
 ference in the behaviour of the Christ's Hospital boys, when 
 compared with those of any other public schools, is principally, 
 if not entirely, to be attributed to the admirable regulation of 
 separating the offices of Steward and Schoolmaster; by this 
 means the conduct of the boys is continually under some con- 
 troul. The Beadles, under the direction of the Steward, are 
 at all parts of the bounds during play-hours, so that it is scarcely 
 possible for the boys to practice any prohibited games, or 
 otherwise act improperly, without being discovered. This 
 wholesome check must have tended materially to produce that 
 propriety of conduct which distinguishes them from the boys 
 belonging to those schools which permit an unrestrained range 
 of the public streets (and an association with all kinds of com- 
 pany of course) in the interval between school-hours. Were 
 similar regulations adopted in other great schools, the appre- 
 hension of ill-usage so frequently felt (by females in particular), 
 while passing through their Cloisters, would be entirely re- 
 moved. 
 
120 HISTORY OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 grading associations ! The very bill which the 
 pupil carries home with him at Christmas, eked 
 out, perhaps, with elaborate though necessary mi- 
 nuteness, instructs him that his teachers have 
 other ends than the mere love to learning in the 
 lessons which they give him ; and though they put 
 into his hands the fine sayings of Seneca or Epic- 
 tetus, yet they themselves are none of those disin- 
 terested pedagogues to teach philosophy gratis. 
 The master, too, is sensible that he is seen in this 
 light ; and how much this must lessen that affec- 
 tionate regard to the learners which alone can 
 sweeten the bitter labour of instruction, and con- 
 vert the whole business into unwelcome and unin- 
 teresting task-work, many preceptors that I have 
 conversed with on the subject are ready with a 
 sad heart to acknowledge. From this inconve- 
 nience the settled salaries of the Masters of this 
 School in great measure exempt them ; while the 
 happy custom of choosing Masters (indeed every 
 Officer of the Establishment) from those who have 
 received their education there, gives them an inte- 
 rest in advancing the character of the School, and 
 binds them to observe a tenderness and a respect 
 to the children, in which a stranger, feeling that 
 independence which I have spoken of, might well 
 be expected to fail. 
 
 In affectionate recollections of the place where 
 he was bred up, in hearty recognitions of old 
 school-fellows met with again after the lapse of 
 years, or in foreign countries, the Christ's Ilospi- 
 
ON THE CHARACTER OF THE BOYS. 121 
 
 tal boy yields to none ; I might also say, he goes 
 beyond most other boys. The very compass and 
 magnitnde of the School, its thousand bearings, 
 the space it takes up in the imagination beyond 
 the sphere of ordinary schools, impresses a remem- 
 brance, accompanied with an elevation of mind, 
 that attends him through life. It is too big, too 
 affecting an object, to pass away quickly from his 
 mind. The Christ's Hospital boy*s friends at 
 school are commonly his intimates through life. 
 For me, I do not know whether a constitutional 
 imbecility does not incline me too obstinately to 
 cling to the remembrances of childhood ; in an in- 
 verted ratio to the usual sentiments of mankind, 
 nothing that I have been engaged in seems of any 
 value or importance, compared to the colours 
 which imagination gave to every thing then. I 
 belong to no body corporate such as I then made 
 part of. — And here, before I close, taking leave of 
 the general reader, and addressing myself solely to 
 my old school-fellows, that were contemporaries 
 with me from the year 1782 to 1789, let me have 
 leave to remember some of those circumstances of 
 our School, which they will not be unwilling to 
 have brought back to their minds. 
 
 And first, let us remember, as first in importance 
 to our childish eyes, the young men (as they 
 almost were) who, under the denomination of Gre- 
 cians, were waiting the expiration of the period 
 when they should be sent, at the charges of the 
 Hospital, to one or other of our Universities, but 
 
122 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 more frequently to Cambridge. These youths, 
 from their superior acquirements, their superior 
 age and stature, and the fewness of their numbers 
 (for seldom above two or three at a time were in- 
 augurated into that high order) drew the eyes of 
 all, and especially of the younger boys, into a re- 
 verent observance and admiration. How tall they 
 used to seem to us ! how stately would they pace 
 along the Cloisters ! — while the play of the lesser 
 boys was absolutely suspended, or its boisterous- 
 ness at least allayed, at their presence. Not that 
 they ever beat or struck the boys — that would 
 have been to have demeaned themselves — the dig- 
 nity of their persons alone insured them all respect. 
 The task of blows, of corporal chastisement, they 
 left to the common Monitors, or Heads of Wards, 
 who, it must be confessed, in our time had rather 
 too much licence allowed them to oppress and 
 misuse their inferiors ; and the interference of the 
 Grecian, who may be considered as the spiritual 
 power, was not unfrequently called for, to mitigate 
 by its mediation the heavy unrelenting arm of this 
 temporal power, or Monitor. In tine, the Gre- 
 cians were the solemn Muftis of the School, ^ras 
 were computed from their time j — it used to be 
 
 said, such or such a thing was done w^hen S 
 
 or T was Grecian. 
 
 As I ventured to call the Grecians the Muftis of 
 the School, the King's boys, as their character then 
 was, may well pass for the Janizaries. They were 
 the terror of all the other boys ; bred up under that 
 
ON THE CHARACTER OF THE 130 YS. 123 
 
 hardy sailor, as well as excellent mathematician, 
 and co-navigator with Capt. Cook, William Wales. 
 All his systems were adapted to fit them for the 
 rough element which they were destined to en- 
 counter. Frequent and severe punishments, which 
 were expected to be borne with more than Spartan 
 fortitude, came to be considered less as inflictions 
 of disgrace than as trials of obstinate endurance. 
 To make his boys hardy, and to give them early 
 sailor habits, seemed to be his only aim ; to this 
 every thing was subordinate. Moral obliquities, 
 indeed, were sure of receiving their full recom- 
 pence, for no occasion of laying on the lash was 
 ever let slip ; but the effects expected to be pro- 
 duced from it were something very different from 
 contrition or mortification. There was in William 
 Wales a perpetual fund of humour, a constant glee 
 about him, which, heightened by an inveterate 
 provincialism, of North-country dialect, absolutely 
 took away the sting from his severities. His pu- 
 nishments were a game at patience, in which the 
 Master was not always worst contented when he 
 found himself at times overcome by his pupil. 
 Wliat success this discipline had, or how the effects 
 of it operated upon the after-lives of these King's 
 boys, I cannot say ; but I am sure that, for the 
 time, they were absolute nuisances to the rest of 
 the School. Hardy, brutal, and often wicked, 
 they were the most graceless lump in the whole 
 mass ; older and bigger than the other boys (for 
 by the system of their education they were kept 
 
124 HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 longer at school by two or three years than any of 
 the rest, except the Grecians), they were a con- 
 stant terror to the younger part of the School; 
 and some who may read this, I doubt not, will 
 remember the consternation into which the juve- 
 nile fry of us was thrown, when the cry was 
 raised in the Cloisters, that the First Order was 
 coming — for so they termed the first form or 
 class of those boys. Still these sea-boys answered 
 some good purposes in the School. They were 
 the military class among the boys, foremost in 
 athletic exercises, who extended the fame of the 
 prowess of the School far and near ; and the ap- 
 prentices in the vicinage, and sometimes the 
 butchers* boys in the neighbouring market, had sad 
 occasion to attest their valour. 
 
 The time would fail me, if I were to attempt to 
 enumerate all those circumstances, some pleasant, 
 some attended with some pain, which, seen through 
 the mist of distance, come sweetly softened to the 
 memory. But I must crave leave to remember 
 our transcending superiority in those invigorating 
 sports, leap-frog, and basting the bear; our de- 
 lightful excursions in the summer holidays to the 
 New River, near Newington, where, like others, 
 we would live the long day in the water, never 
 caring for dressing ourselves when we had once 
 stripped ; our savoury meals afterwards, when we 
 came home almost iamished with staying out all 
 day without our dinners ; our visits at other times 
 to the Tower, where, by antient ])rivilege, we had 
 
ON THE CHARACTER OF THE BOYS. 125 
 
 free access to all the curiosities ; our solemn pro- 
 cessions through the City at Easter, with the Lord 
 Mayor's largess of buns, wine, and a shilling, with 
 the festive questions and civic pleasantries of the 
 dispensing Aldermen, which were more to us than 
 all the rest of the banquet; our stately suppings in 
 public, where the well-lighted Hall, and the con- 
 fluence of well-dressed company who came to see 
 us, made the whole look more like a concert or as- 
 sembly, than a scene of a plain bread and cheese 
 collation ; the annual orations upon St. Matthew's 
 Day, in which the Senior Scholar, before he had 
 done, seldom failed to reckon up, among those 
 who had done honour to our School by being edu- 
 cated in it, the names of those accomplished cri- 
 tics and Greek scholars, Joshua Barnes and Jere- 
 miah Markland (I marvel they left out Camden 
 while they were about it). Let me have leave to 
 remember our hymns, and anthems, and well-toned 
 organ J the doleful tone of the Burial Anthem 
 chaunted in the solemn Cloisters, upon the sel- 
 dom-occurring funeral of some school-fellow ; the 
 festivities at Christmas, when the richest of us 
 would club our stock to have a gaudy day, sitting 
 round the fire, replenished to the height with logs; 
 and the pennyless, and he that could contribute 
 nothing, partook in all the mirth, and in some of 
 the substantialities of the feasting ; the carol sung 
 by night at that time of the year, which, when a 
 young boy, I have so often laid awake from seven 
 (the hour of going to bed) till ten, when it was 
 
12G HISTORY OF Christ's hospital. 
 
 sung by the older boys and Monitors, and have lis- 
 tened to it, in their rude chanting, till I have been 
 transported to the fields of Bethlehem, and the 
 song which was sung at that season by Angel's 
 voices to the shepherds. 
 
 Nor would I willingly forget any of those things 
 which administered to our vanity. The hem- 
 stitched bands, and town-made shirts, which some 
 of the most fashionable among us wore ; the town- 
 girdles, with buckles of silver, or shining stone ; 
 the badges of the sea-boys ; the cots, or superior 
 shoe-strings of the Monitors ; the medals of the 
 Markers (those who were appointed to hear the 
 Bible in the Wards on Sunday morning and eve- 
 ning), which bore on their obverse in silver, as 
 certain parts of our garments carried in meaner 
 metal, the countenance of our Founder, that godly 
 and Royal child, King Edward the Sixth, the flower 
 of the Tudor name — the young flower that was 
 untimely cropped as it began to fill our land with 
 its early odours — the boy-patron of boys — the se- 
 rious and holy child who walked with Cranmer and 
 Ridley — fit associate, in those tender years, for the 
 Bishops and future Martyrs of our Church, to re- 
 ceive, or (as occasion sometimes proved) to give 
 instruction. 
 
MEMOIRS 
 
 SOME OF THE EMINENT MEN 
 
 EDUCATED IN 
 
 CHRIST'S HOSPITAL. 
 
MEMOIRS 
 
 eminent Blues. 
 
 Campian, Edmund, was born at London in 1540, 
 and, comparing the date of his birth with the 
 foundation of the Hospital (1552), it will appear 
 that he must have been one of its earliest scholars. 
 Being a promising boy, and intended for the 
 Church, he w^as selected to make an oration before 
 Queen Mary upon her accession to the throne ; 
 and from thence he was elected Scholar of St. 
 John's College, Oxford, by its founder, Thomas 
 White, in 1558. After taking the degrees of B. 
 and M. A. he went into orders ; and in 15(i6, when 
 Queen Elizabeth was entertained at Oxford, he 
 made an oration before her; and also kept an Act 
 in St. Mary's Church with very great applause 
 from that learned Queen. 
 
 It appears that he had a strong bias in favour of 
 the Roman Catholic religion, which is not sur- 
 prising, when it is considered that he prosecuted 
 
 K 
 
ISO MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 his studies during the reign of Queen Mary. The 
 first discovery of his attachment to the Romish 
 Church was in the year 1568, while he was in Ire- 
 land ; when he not only embraced the Popish reli- 
 gion himself, but laboured hard to make prose- 
 lytes, for which he was seized and detained for 
 some time. It was during his stay in Ireland that 
 he wrote a history of that country, which was af- 
 terwards published by Sir James Ware, of Dublin, 
 in 1633, folio. He escaped shortly after into Eng- 
 land, but in 1.571 transported himself into the Low 
 Countries, and settled in the English College of 
 Jesuits at Douay, where he openly renounced the 
 Protestant religion, and had the degree of B. D, 
 conferred upon him. From thence he went to 
 Rome, where he was admitted into the Society of 
 Jesuits in 1573 ; and afterwards sent by the Gene- 
 ral of his Order into Germany. 
 
 Dr. Campian resided for some time at Vienna, 
 where he composed a tragedy called " Nectar and 
 Ambrosia,'* which was acted before the Emperor 
 with great applause. He soon after settled at 
 Prague in Bohemia, where he taught rhetoric and 
 philosophy for about six years in a College of Je- 
 suits, which had been newly erected there. At 
 length, being called to Rome, he was sent, by 
 command of Pope Gregory, into England, where 
 he arrived in June 1580. Here he performed all 
 the offices of a zealous provincial, being very dili- 
 gent in propagating his religion by all the arts of 
 
EDMUND CAMPIAN. 131 
 
 conversation and writing. He seems to have chal- 
 lenged the English Clergy to a disputation by a 
 pamphlet, intituled, "Rationes Decem oblati certa- 
 minis in Causa Fidei, redditi Academicis Anglia?," 
 which was printed at a private press in 1581, and 
 distributed the same year at Oxford, during the 
 time of an Act in St. Mary's Church. It was af- 
 terwards printed in English, and ably refuted by 
 the English divines. In short, Campian, though 
 nobody knew where he was, was yet so active as to 
 fall under the cognizance of Sir Francis Walsing- 
 ham, then Secretary of State, who employed a per- 
 son to find him out. He was soon after discovered 
 in disguise in the house of a private gentleman in 
 Berkshire, from whence he was conveyed in pro- 
 cession to the Towner of London, with a paper fas- 
 tened to his hat, on which was written, "Edmund 
 Campian, a most pernicious Jesuit." Afterwards, 
 having been found guilty of high treason in ad- 
 hering to the Bishop of Rome, the Queen's enemy, 
 and in coming to England to disturb the peace 
 and quiet of the realm, he was hanged and quar- 
 tered, with other Romish priests, at Tyburn, 
 December 1, 1581. 
 
 Mr. A. Chalmers, in the improved edition of the 
 "Biographical Dictionary," from wliich the greater 
 part of this account is taken, says, " All parties 
 allow him to have been a most extraordinary man ; 
 of admirable parts, an eloquent orator, a subtle phi- 
 losopher, and skilful disputant, an exact preacher, 
 K 2 
 
13^2 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 both in English and Latin, and a man of good 
 temper and address." 
 
 After his death the following works were pub- 
 lished as having issued from his pen, in addition to 
 those before mentioned : " Nine Articles directed 
 to the Lords of the Privy Council/' 1581 ; *' Chro- 
 nologia Universalis;" "Conferences in the Tower," 
 published by the English Divines in 1583, 4to ; 
 *' Narratio de Divortio,'* Antwerp, 1631 ; *'Ora- 
 tiones,'* ibid. 1631 ; *' Epistolas Varise," ibid. 
 1631; and "De Imitatione Rhetorica," ibid. 1631. 
 
 Camden, William, one of the most eminent 
 English Antiquaries, was born in the Old Bailey, 
 London, May ^i, 1551. His father was a native of 
 Lichfield, from whence he was sent very young to 
 London, where he practised painting, and became 
 a member of the Painter-stainers' Company. The 
 inscription on the cup left by hi* son to the Com- 
 pany calls him P'lcfor Londinensis^ which may re- 
 fer either to his profession or his company. His 
 mother was of the antient family of the Curwens 
 of Workington in Cumberland. 
 
 Some doubts seem to have been entertained 
 whether Camden received any part of his educa- 
 tion at Christ's Hospital, he not having mentioned 
 the circumstance ; but Mr. Dcgory Wheare, who 
 pronounced his funeral oration soon after his death, 
 mentions it, and it is generally believed to have 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 13S 
 
 been tlie case. The date of his admission, how- 
 ever, cannot be ascertained, owing to the records 
 having been destroyed by the Fire of London in 
 1666. Being seized of the plague in 1563, he was 
 removed to IsHngton, and appears to have finished 
 his education at St. Paul's School, where he made 
 such progress in learning as laid the foundation of 
 his future fame. 
 
 From St. Paul's Sciiool Camden removed to Mag- 
 dalen College, Oxford, and from thence, being dis- 
 appointed of a demi's place, to Broadgate Hall, now 
 Pembroke College, by the invitation of Dr. Tho- 
 mas Thornton, his patron and tutor ; and lastly, 
 three years afterwards, to Christ Church, on the 
 promotion of Dr. Thornton to a canonry there. 
 He left behind him at Broadgate Hall a signal 
 mark of the respect paid him by his contempora- 
 ries in the short Latin graces composed by him, 
 which were used many years afterwards by the 
 Scholars of that Society. At this time his ac- 
 quaintance commenced with the two Carews, Ri- 
 chard and George ; the latter of whom was by 
 James I. created Baron Clopton, and by Charles L 
 Earl of Totness ; and it has been supposed, as 
 they were both Antiquaries, their conversation 
 might give Mr. Camden a turn to that study, 
 which, it appears, he had strongly imbibed before 
 he left school, and improved at Oxford. He w^as 
 also acquainted with John Packington, Stephen 
 Powel, and Edward Lucy, knights. 
 
134 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 After a residence of about five years at Oxford, 
 he stood for a fellowship at All Souls, and after- 
 wards supplicated to be admitted to the degree of 
 Bachelor of Arts in 1570, but finding his interests 
 thwarted by the Popish party on account of his 
 known attachment to the Church of England, he 
 returned to London, where he prosecuted his stu- 
 dies, under the patronage of Dr. Gabriel Good- 
 man and his brother Dr. Godfrey Goodman, who 
 supplied him with both money and books. In 
 1573 he applied again for the same degree, and 
 seems to have taken it, but never completed it by 
 determination. In June 1588 he supplicated the 
 convocation by the name of WilKam Camden, B. A. 
 of Christ Church, " that whereas from the time he 
 had taken the degree of Bachelor, he had spent 
 sixteen years in the study of philosophy and the 
 liberal arts, he might be dispensed with for read- 
 ing three solemn lectures, and be allowed to pro- 
 ceed.'* His supplication was granted on condi- 
 tion that he stood in the following Act, wiiich it 
 seems his other engagements would not permit ; 
 for Wood says, his name is not in the registers. 
 When he attended the funeral of Sir Thomas Bod- 
 ley in IGIS, his fame was so great, that the Uni- 
 versity voluntarily offered him the degree of Mas- 
 ter of Arts, but whether he accepted it does not 
 appear. 
 
 Upon leaving the University, he seems to have 
 made the tour of great part of England ; and in 
 
WILLIAM CAiMDEN. 135 
 
 1575, by the interest of his friend Dr. Gabriel 
 Goodman, Dean of Westminster, he obtained the 
 place of Second Master of Westminster School. 
 The little leisure he could spare from this import- 
 ant charge he devoted to his favourite study. He 
 was not content with pursuing it in his closet, but 
 made excursions over the kingdom every vacation. 
 In 1582, for example, he took a journey through 
 Suffolk into Yorkshire, and returned by Lancas- 
 ter. When at home he searched into the manu- 
 script collections of our own writers, and the pub- 
 lished writings of foreigners respecting us. At 
 this time too, he meditated his great work, the 
 " Britannia ;'* and as his reputation engaged him 
 in an extensive correspondence both at home and 
 abroad, Ortelius, whom he terms the great restorer 
 of geography, happening to come over into Eng- 
 land, applied himself to Mr. Camden for informa- 
 tion respecting this country. His solicitations, 
 and the regard our author had for his native coun- 
 try, prevailed on him to improve and digest the 
 collections which he seems to have made at first 
 only for private satisfaction and curiosity. He 
 entered upon this task with every difficulty and 
 disadvantage. It was a new science, which was 
 to amuse and inform an age which had just began 
 to recover itself from the heat and perplexity of 
 philosophy and school divinity. The study of 
 geography had been first attended to in Italy for 
 the facilitating the reading of Roman history. 
 
186 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 The names of places there, and even m the rest of 
 Europe, where the Romans had so long kept pos- 
 session, were not greatly altered ; but in Britain, 
 which they subdued so late, and held so preca- 
 riously, a great degree of obscurity prevailed. The 
 Roman orthography and terminations had obscured 
 in some instances the British names ; but the 
 Saxons, who succeeded the Romans here, as they 
 gained a firmer possession, made an almost total 
 change in these as in every thing else. Upon their 
 expulsion by the Normans, their language ceased 
 to be a living one, while that of the Britons was 
 preserved in a corner of the island. Very soon 
 after the conquest there were few who could read 
 the Saxon characters. In tracing the Roman geo- 
 graphy of Britain, Mr. Camden might be assisted 
 by Ptolemy, Antoninus's Itinerary, and the Noti- 
 tia ; but before he could become acquainted w'ith 
 the Saxon geography, it was necessary for him to 
 make himself master of a language which had 
 ceased for above 400 years. The few written re- 
 mains of it-were almost divided between three col- 
 lections; that of Archbishop Parker, now at Bene't 
 College, Cambridge ; that of Archbishop Laud, 
 now at Oxford ; and that of Sir Robert Cotton, 
 now in the British Museum. 
 
 After ten years' labour Mr. Camden published 
 his " Britannia" in 1586, dedicated to William 
 Cecil Lord Burleigh, Lord Treasurer to Queen 
 Elizabeth. What a favourable reception it met 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 137 
 
 with appears from the number of editions it passed 
 through ; for in the compass of four years tliere 
 were tiu'ee at London, one at Frankfort, 1590, one 
 in Germany, and a fourth at London in 1594. 
 The title which he retained in all editions was 
 *' Britannia, sive florentissimorum regnorum An- 
 glic, Scotias, Hiberniae, et insularum adjacentium, 
 ex intima Antiquitate, chorographica Descriptio." 
 The dedication is dated May 2, 1586, so that he 
 finished this great work precisely at the age of 
 thirty-five ; and yet, as he informs us himself, he 
 devoted to it only his spare hours and holidays, 
 the duties of liis office engrossing all the rest of 
 his time. 
 
 As each new edition received large corrections 
 and improvements from its author, he took a jour- 
 ney into Devon in 1589, and in June that year was, 
 as appears by his Diary, at Ilfracomb, which is a 
 prebend of the church of Salisbury, and had been 
 bestowed on him that year by Dr. John Piers, then 
 Bishop of that See, and his intimate friend ; and he 
 had been installed into it by proxy Feb. 6. This 
 preferment he held till his death ; and when Bishop 
 Abbot held his general visitation at Whitsuntide 
 in 1617, he excused himself from attending on ac- 
 count of his age, being then seventy, and was 
 allowed to appear by proxy. The expence of this 
 and other journies was defrayed by his friend Dr. 
 Godfrey Goodman. In 1590 he visited Wales, in 
 company with the famous Dr. Godwin, afterwards 
 
138 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Bishop of LandafF and Hereford. On October 23, 
 1592, he was attacked with a quartan ague, which, 
 for a long while, baffled the help of pliysic, and 
 brought him very low. During this illness, Dr. 
 Edward Grant, who had been Head Master of 
 Westminster School upwards of twenty years with 
 great reputation, worn out with fatigue, resigned 
 that place Feb. 1592-3 ; and in March following 
 was succeeded by Camden. Mr. Wheare, Dr. 
 Smith, and Bishop Gibson, all assign this vacancy 
 to the death of Dr. Grant ; and Wood, though in 
 two articles he expresses himself doubtfully, in 
 another affirms that he resigned about February 
 1592, and was succeeded by William Camden. He 
 adds, that Dr. Grant died in 1601, and was buried 
 in Westminster Abbey, where his epitaph, now de- 
 faced, but preserved in Mr. Camden's account of 
 this Abbey-church, dates his death Aug. 3, iGOl. 
 It was not till next year that Mr. Camden per- 
 fectly recovered from his ague; and soon after 
 published the fourth edition of his Britannia, with 
 great enlargements and improvements by his own 
 care, and that of his friends. But all his attention 
 could not defend him from the violent and inde- 
 cent attack from Ralph Brooke (more properly 
 Brookesmouth), York Herald, exposing certain 
 mistakes which he pretended to have discovered in 
 the pedigrees of the Earls of each county, and 
 which he fancied might be attended with circum- 
 stances dishonourable to many of the most antient 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 139 
 
 and noble families in this kingdom. Brooke's book 
 did not appear till many years after the fourth edi- 
 tion of the Britannia; but he had framed his ma- 
 terials soon after. Bishop Gibson ascribes this at- 
 tack to envy of Mr. Camden's promotion to the 
 place of Clarencieux King of Arms, in 1597, which 
 place Brooke expected for himself. But though 
 the piece is undated, it appears by the address to 
 Mahter Camden prefixed to it, that Camden was 
 not then King of Arms, and he was created Rich- 
 mond Herald but the day before. The truth is, 
 that Mr. Camden in his first editions touched but 
 lightly on pedigrees, and mentioned but few fami- 
 lies ; M'hereas in the fourth he enlarged so much 
 upon them, that he has given a particular Index of 
 Barones et Illustriores FamlUce, and recited near 
 250 noble houses. This Brooke, with the mean 
 jealousy of a man whose livelihood was connected 
 with his place, considered as an invasion on the 
 rights of the College. This put him on examining 
 these pedigrees, and on wishing to have them cor- 
 rected, as Mr. Camden appears to have been ever 
 ready to have his mistakes set right. Brooke tells 
 us, indeed, that what he offered him for the fifth 
 edition did not meet with that favourable reception 
 he expected, even before Camden professed him- 
 self an Herald officially, and that foreigners, misled 
 by his former editions, had blundered egregiously. 
 He complains too, that he had been disturbed in 
 writing, and much more in printing it, by Mr. 
 
140 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Camden's friends. That this was rather owing to 
 a jealousy of his profession than of his promotion, 
 appears further from hence, that though Mr. Cam- 
 den himself in his answer to Brooke does not in- 
 deed take notice of his promotion, and the disgust 
 it might have given him, yet this was after he had 
 published his "Discoverie," and he shews through- 
 out that disdain of his adversary's abilities, which 
 Brooke complains of, never once admitting him to 
 be right, or his corrections worth regarding, 
 though in the fifth edition he wisely made use of 
 them ; and whoever peruses Brooke's book care- 
 fully will find, that what stung him most w^as, that 
 a schoolmaster should meddle with descents and 
 families, and at the same time treat Heralds with 
 so little respect. 
 
 As soon as Camden found his health re-esta- 
 blished, he made a journey to Salisbury and Wales, 
 and returning by Oxford, spent some time in that 
 City, taking notes in the Churches and Chapels 
 there, which Wood says he had seen in the au- 
 thor's hand-writing ; and Bishop Gibson speaks of 
 fragments of them as still remaining. In 159? he 
 had a fresh illness, from which he recovered by the 
 care of one Mrs. Line, wife of Cuthbert Line, to 
 whose house he removed. This year he published 
 his Greek Grammar for the use of Westminster 
 School, intituled, "Grammatices Graecas Institutio 
 compendiaria in Usum Regiac Scholaa Westmonas- 
 teriensis," London, 8vo, which, when Dr. Smith 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 141 
 
 published his hfe, in 1691, had run through forty 
 impressions. Dr. Grant had composed one be- 
 fore, but Mr. Camden thought it deficient and in- 
 convenient. Wood says he contracted it. 
 
 At this time he probably entertained no thoughts 
 of quitting a post in which he was universally es- 
 teemed and respected. He refused the place of 
 Master of Requests, offered him probably by Lord 
 Treasurer Burleigh. But before the end of the 
 year he quitted it for one in the Heralds' College. 
 Richard Leigh, Clarencieux King of Arms, dying 
 September 23, Sir Fulk Greville, Camden's inti- 
 mate friend, solicited that office for him, which 
 was immediately granted. But, because it was not 
 usual for a person to rise to that dignity without 
 having first been a Herald, he was, October 22, 
 created Richmond Herald, and the next day Cla- 
 rencieux. Bishop Gibson remarks, that Lord Bur- 
 leigh was offended with Camden for obtaining this 
 preferment by any other interest than his; but, on 
 Mr. Camden's representing it to be the free thought 
 of Sir Fulk Greville, he was reconciled to him, 
 and continued his patronage during the remainder 
 of his life. 
 
 Being now more at liberty, he travelled in l600 
 as far as Carlisle, with his intimate friend Mr. (af- 
 terwards Sir) Robert Cotton, and having surveyed 
 the Northern Counties, returned to London in De- 
 cember. This year he published his account of 
 the monuments in Westminster Abbey, *' Reges, 
 
142 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Reginae, Nobiles, et alii in Ecclesia Collegiata B. 
 Petri Westmonasterii sepulti, usque ad annum re- 
 paratag Salutis I6OO," 4to ; which, though no more 
 than a collection of epitaphs, has preserved many 
 that have been since destroyed or effaced. He 
 re-printed it with enlargements in I6OS, and I606. 
 This year also, came out a fifth edition of his Bri- 
 tannia, to which he added '* An Apology to the 
 Reader," in answer to what Ralph Brooke had 
 published to the prejudice of his work. The ori- 
 ginal difference related only to some mistakes 
 which Brooke imagined he had discovered. But 
 when he fancied himself under the necessity of 
 appealing to the world and to the Earl of Essex, 
 then Earl Marshal, and his patron, he brought in 
 other matter, foreign to his purpose, charging 
 Camden with errors in the pedigrees of noble fa- 
 milies, with not acknowledging the assistance he 
 derived from Glover's papers in Lord Burleigh's 
 Library, and from Leland, whom he pretends he 
 had pillaged largely. Camden, in answer, acknow- 
 ledges himself to have been misled by one of his 
 predecessors, Robert Cook, Clarencieux ; that he 
 had indeed borrowed from Leland, but not with- 
 out citing him, and that where he says the same 
 things on his own knowledge, that Leland had 
 mentioned on his, he did not think himself 
 obliged to him ; and that whereas Leland had 
 spent five years in this pursuit, he had spent thirty 
 in consulting authors both foreign and domestic, 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 143 
 
 living and dead. He concludes with rallying his 
 antagonist, as utterly ignorant of his own profes- 
 sion, incapahle of translating or understanding the 
 Britannia, and offers to submit the disputed points 
 to the Earl Marshal, the College of Heralds, the 
 Society of Antiquaries, or four persons learned in 
 these studies. This did not prevent Brooke from 
 writing " A Second Discoverie of Errors," in 
 which he sets down the passages from Camden, 
 with his objections to it in his first book; then 
 Camden's reply, and last of all, his own answer : 
 and in the appendix in two columns, the objection- 
 able passages in the edition of 1594, and the same 
 as they stood in that of I6OO. This was not printed 
 till about 100 years after the death of its author, 
 by Mr. Anstis, in 17^3, 4to. The story which Mr. 
 Camden, in his Annals, and Dr. Smith tell of 
 Brooke's dirty treatment of Sir William Segar, 
 another officer in the College, whom he had a 
 pique against, in I6IG, will justify us in believing 
 him capable of any thing. 
 
 In 1602 Mr. Camden was again visited by a fe- 
 ver, from which he was recovered by the care of 
 his friend Mr. Heather, afterwards the founder of 
 the Music Lecture at Oxford. He escaped the 
 plague in l603, by returning to his friend Cotton's 
 seat at Connington ; and this year a Collection of 
 our Historians, Asser, Walsingham, De la More, 
 Gul. Gemeticensis, Gir. Cambrensis, &c. made by 
 him, part of which had been incorrectly published 
 
144 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 before, was printed at Frankfort, in folio. In the 
 dedication to Sir Fuik Greville, he apologizes for 
 this publication, as having laid aside the design he 
 had once formed, of writing an History of Eng- 
 land. Mr. GoLigh here remarks that great stress 
 had been laid on a supposed insertion by Camden, 
 of a passage in Asser, ascribing the foundation of 
 the University of Oxford to Alfred, and Mr. Gough 
 seems inclined to acquit Camden of the crime of 
 inserting what was not in the original. Subse- 
 quent biographers have been of the same opinion, 
 " yet,'* says Mr. Chalmers, " after perusing what 
 Mr. Whitaker has advanced on this subject, in his 
 Life of St. Neot, it seems utterly impossible to 
 deny that the passage is a forgery." 
 
 Camden's next publication is intituled, " Re- 
 maines of a greater Work concerning Britain, the 
 Inhabitants thereof, their Language, Names, Sur- 
 names, Empresses, wise Speeches, Poesies, and 
 Epitaphs," London, 1605, 4to. In his dedication 
 to Sir Robert Cotton, dated l603, and signed only 
 by his initials, he calls it, " the outcast rubbish of 
 a greater and more serious work ;" so that Dr. 
 Smith mistakes when he dates its publication 1604, 
 contrary to the express note of its author in his 
 Diary. The number of editions it has run through 
 (not less than seven), and the additions made to it 
 in 1636, or earlier, by Sir John Philipot, Somerset 
 Herald, and W. D. gent, are proofs of its value, 
 notwithstanding the slight put upon it by Bishop 
 Nicolson. It is a kind of common place from his 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 145 
 
 Britannia, and has preserved a number of curious 
 things. Many other of his lesser essays have been 
 printed by Hearne in his " Collection of curious 
 Discourses," and more were added to the second 
 edition of that work in I77I ; which may be con- 
 sidered as the earliest Transactions of the Society 
 of Antiquaries, of which Mr. Camden was a dis- 
 tinguished member. 
 
 In 1606 Mr. Camden began a correspondence 
 with the celebrated President De Thou, which 
 was continued till the death of the latter. Five of 
 the President's letters, ending l6l5, are printed 
 by Dr. Smith among Camden's Epistles, 54, 59, 
 71, 99, lllj acknowledging the information he 
 received from him relative to the affairs of this 
 Island. 
 
 Upon the discovery of the Powder Plot, the 
 King thinking it proper to put the reformed 
 churches on their guard against the enemies of their 
 religion, as well as to satisfy foreign princes of all 
 religions of the justice of his proceedings, made 
 choice of Mr. Camden to translate the w^hole ac- 
 count of the trial of the conspirators into Latin, 
 which he performed with great accuracy, elegance, 
 and spirit. It was published in I607, 4to, by John 
 Norton the King s printer, under the title of " Ac- 
 tio in Henricum Garnetum Societatis Jesuiticee in 
 Anglia Superiorem et caeteros qui proditione longe 
 immanissimaSereniss. Brit. Mag. Regem et Regni 
 
 L 
 
146 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Anglioe Ordines e medio tollere conabantur," &c. 
 and presently was put into the list of books prohi- 
 bited by the Inquisition. 
 
 Mr. Camden being confined many months in 
 consequence of a hurt in his leg by a fall from his 
 horse, September 7, I6O7, employed himself in 
 putting the last hand to the complete edition of 
 his Britannia, in folio, considerably augmented, 
 adorned with maps, and applauded by a variety of 
 poetical compliments from his friends both at 
 home and abroad. He did not to the last give up 
 thoughts of revising and enlarging it, for, in 1621, 
 he was at Sandhurst in Kent, searching with- 
 out success for a camp of Alexander Severus, who 
 was, without any foundation, supposed to have 
 been killed there instead of at Sisila or Sicila in 
 Gaul. Dr. Smith gave Mr. Hearne, who left it 
 to the Bodleian Library, a copy of the last edition 
 of the Britannia, with notes and emendations by 
 Mr. Camden himself, in the margin and on little 
 pieces of paper fixed in their proper places ; and 
 from this copy Hearne once had thoughts of pub- 
 lishing a new edition of the Britannia in the origi- 
 nal language. Before Camden undertook this ela- 
 borate and finished work, he had formed a design 
 for writing a general history of this nation in La- 
 tin, of which the account of the Conquest inserted 
 in the Britannia, article Normans, is a part : but 
 foreseeing that the bare collecting materials would 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 147 
 
 take up a man's life, he contented himself with 
 publishing the volume of original Historians before 
 mentioned. 
 
 Not, however, to neglect the leisure he now en- 
 joyed, he began in IGO8 to digest the matter 
 which he had been years collecting towards a' his- 
 tory of the reign of Queen EHzabeth, to which he 
 had been first incited by his old patron the Lord 
 Treasurer in 1597> ten years before, and solicited 
 by other great personages. But the death of Bur- 
 leigh next year, the Queen's decease soon after, 
 and the difficulty of the task, obliged him to defer 
 it. While he was meditating this great work, he 
 was seized on his birth-day, 1609, with a dangerous 
 illness, and the plague breaking out in his neigh- 
 bourhood, he was removed to his friend Heather's 
 house, and by the care of his physician, Dr. Gif- 
 fard, he, though slowly, recovered his health, re- 
 tired to Chiselhurst Aug. 15 of that year, and 
 returned Oct. 23. This year, upon the passing of 
 the Act to erect a College at Chelsea, for a certain 
 number of learned men, who were to be employed 
 in writing against Popery, on a plan proposed by 
 Dr. Sutcliffe, Dean of Westminster, consisting of 
 a Dean or Provost, seventeen Fellows, and two 
 Historians, Mr. Camden was appointed one of the 
 latter. But this design failing, as we have more 
 than once had occasion to notice, he received from 
 it only the honour of being thought qualified to 
 fill such a department. From this time his history 
 L 2 
 
148 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 of Elizabeth employed his whole attention, and 
 when the first part w^as ready, which reached to 
 the year 1589, he obtained the King's warrant to 
 Sir Robert Cotton and himself to print and pub- 
 lish it. It was accordingly published in 1615, 
 folio, under the title of *' Annales Rerum Angli- 
 carum et Hibernicarum regnante Elizabetha ad 
 Ann. Salutis 1589," Lond. 
 
 His impartiality has been attacked on several 
 parts of this w^ork. He has been charged with 
 being influenced in his account of the Queen of 
 Scots by complaisance for her son, and with con- 
 tradictions in the information given by him to 
 M. de Thou, and his own account of the same 
 particulars. It would not be surprising if James 
 made his own corrections on the MS. which his 
 warrant sets forth he had perused before he per- 
 mitted it to be published. It was no easy matter 
 to speak the truth in that reign of flattery in points 
 where filial piety and mean ambition divided the 
 mind of the reigning monarch. An English his- 
 torian in such a reign could not indulge the same 
 freedom as Thuanus. The calumnies cast upon him 
 for his detail of Irish affairs were thought by him 
 beneath the notice his friends wanted to take of 
 them. But though he declined adding his own 
 justification to that which the Government of Ire- 
 land thought proper to publish of their own con- 
 duct, the letters he wrote on the subject to Arch- 
 bishop Usher and others shew what was the 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 149 
 
 effect on him — that he declined publishing in his 
 life-time the second part of his history, which he 
 completed in I6I7. He kept the original by him, 
 which was preserved in the Cottonian Library, and 
 sent an exact copy of it to his friend Mr. Dupuy, 
 who had given him the strongest assurances that 
 he would punctually perform the duty of this im- 
 portant trust, and fliithfully kept his word. It was 
 first printed at Leyden, 1625, 8vo; again, London, 
 1627, folio; Leyden, 1639, 8vo, &c. But the 
 most correct edition of the whole is that by Hearne 
 from Dr. Smith's copy corrected by his own hand, 
 collated with another MS. in Mr. RawHnson's 
 library. Both parts were translated into French 
 by M. Paul de Belligent, Advocate in the Parlia- 
 ment of Paris; and from thence into English, with 
 many errors, by one Abraham D'Arcy, who did 
 not understand English. The materials whence 
 Camden compiled this history are most of them to 
 be found in the Cottonian Library. We learn 
 from a manuscript letter of Dr. Goodman's, that 
 he desired them as a legacy, but received for an- 
 swer, that they had been promised to Archbishop 
 Bancroft, upon whose death he transferred them 
 to his successor Abbot, and Archbishop Laud said 
 they were deposited in the Palace at Lambeth, but 
 wherever they were Archbishop Sancroft could 
 not find one of them. 
 
 From this time he seems to have lived in retire- 
 ment at Chiselhurst, declining the solicitations of 
 
150 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 his friend Saville, to make his house at Eton his 
 own, and to have amused himself with entering 
 memoranda of events as they happened, which 
 have been printed at the end of his epistles by Dr. 
 Smith, and called '* Apparatus Annalium Regis 
 Jacobi I." These are called by Wood, " a skele- 
 ton of a history of James I. or bare touches to put 
 the author in mind of greater matters," or rather 
 memoranda for private use. He adds. Bishop 
 Hacket stole, and Dugdale borrowed and tran- 
 scribed them, as did Sir Henry St. George, Cla- 
 rencieux, both incorrectly. The original is in 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, and Dr. Smith printed 
 these, and parts of an English Diary. 
 
 In 1613, when he attended the funeral of Sir 
 Thomas Bodley, his fame was so great that the 
 University voluntarily offered him the degree of 
 Master of Arts, but whether he accepted it does 
 not appear. 
 
 On Feb. 10, l6l9, he was seized with a vomit- 
 ing of blood, which brought ori a deliquium, and 
 continued at intervals till August following. In< 
 June this year, he had a dispute with his brother 
 Kings Garter and Norroy, about the appointment 
 of his deputies to visit for him, which, though 
 founded partly on a mistake, did not prevent their 
 complaining to the Commissioners for executing 
 the office of Earl Marshal. He vindicated himself 
 in his answer to the Earl of Arundel, and the mat- 
 ter seems to have ended here. In the beginning 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. - 151 
 
 of 1621, he was consulted by Lord Chancellor Ba- 
 con on the ceremonies requisite for creating him 
 Viscount St. Albans, which was performed Jan. 
 27 following. In June that year, he assisted in 
 Westminster Hail, at the execution of a very ex- 
 traordinary sentence of degradation passed in Par- 
 liament on Sir Francis Mitchell, knight, for the 
 monopolies which had oppressed the inn-holders : 
 his spurs were broken in pieces, and thrown away 
 by the servants of the Earl Marshal, his sword 
 broken over his head, and himself declared an 
 arrant knave, as Sir Andrew Harcla had formerly 
 been treated. The King at Arms sat at the feet 
 of the Lords Commissioners during the whole pro- 
 ceeding. 
 
 On the last day of August the same year, he was 
 seized with a return of his old disorder, but hap- 
 pily recovered. This, added to his advanced age, 
 determined him to put in execution his intention 
 of founding an History Lecture at Oxford. Ac- 
 cordingly, in May 1622, he sent down his deed of 
 gift by the hands of his friend Mr. William 
 Heather, dated March 5, 1621-2. On May 17, 
 Dr. Piers, Dean of Peterborough, and Vice-chan- 
 cellor of the University, declared the foundation 
 in full convocation, and its endowment with the 
 Manor of Bexley in Kent, which he had bought 
 of Sir Henry Spilman, jeweller to James I. ; the 
 rents and profits of which, valued at about 400/. 
 per annum, were to be enjoyed by Mr. Heather, 
 
152 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 his heirs and executors, for ninety-nine years from 
 the death of Mr. Camden, the said Mr. Heather 
 paying the Professor of this new foundation 140/. 
 per annum ; and at the expiration of the said term 
 the whole to be vested in the University. They 
 expressed their acknowledgments in a letter of 
 thanks, and conferred the degree of Doctor of 
 Music on Mr. Heather, organist of the Chapel 
 Royal, and on Mr. Orlando Gibbons, another of 
 Mr. Camden's intimate acquaintance. In return 
 for this compliment Mr. Heather founded a Music 
 Lecture at Oxford, and endowed it with the an- 
 nual revenue of 16/. 6s. 8d. Mr. Camden himself, 
 at the recommendation of his friend Thomas Al- 
 len, appointed his first professor Degory Wheare, 
 M. A. Fellow of Exeter College, assigned him 20/. 
 for the first year, 40/. for the second, and after the 
 third he was to enjoy the full stipend. Thus Cam- 
 den fulfilled the vow with which he closes his Bri- 
 tannia, to dedicate some votive tablet to God and 
 antiquity. 
 
 On August 18, 1623, as Mr. Camden was sitting 
 thoughtfully in his chair, he suddenly lost the use 
 of his hands and feet, and fell down on the floor, 
 but presently recovered his strength, and got up 
 again without receiving any hurt. This accident 
 was followed by a severe fit of illness, which ended 
 in his death, Nov. 9, 1623, at his house at Chisel- 
 hurst, in the 73d year of his age. 
 
 In his last testament, after a devout introduc- 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 1.58 
 
 tion, and bequeathing eight pounds to the poor of 
 the parish in which he should happen to die, he 
 bequeaths to Sir Fulke Grevile, Lord Brooke, v;ho 
 preferred him gratis to his office, a piece of plate 
 of ten pounds j to the company of Painter-stahiers 
 of London he gave sixteen pounds, to buy them a 
 piece of plate, upon which he directed this inscrip- 
 tion, *' Gul. Camdenus Clarenceux fihus Samp- 
 sonis, Pictoris Londinensis, dono dedit ;" he be- 
 stowed the sum of twelve pounds on the company 
 of Cordwainers, or Shoemakers of London, to pur- 
 chase them a piece of plate, on which the same in- 
 scription was to be engraved. Then follow the 
 legacies to his private friends. As to his books 
 and papers, he directs Sir Robert Cotton, of Co- 
 nington, should take out such as he had borrowed 
 of him, and then he bequeaths to him all his 
 printed books and manuscripts, excepting such as 
 concern arms and heraldry, which, with his an- 
 tient seals, he bequeaths to his successor in the 
 office of Clarencieux, provided, because they cost 
 him a considerable sum of money, he gave to his 
 cousin John Wyat, what the Kings of Arms, Gar- 
 ter and Norroy, for the time being, should think 
 fit, and agreed also to leave them to his successor. 
 But notwithstanding this disposition of his books 
 and papers, Dr. John Williams, then Dean of 
 Westminster, and Bishop of Lincoln, afterwards 
 Archbishop of York, procured all the printed books 
 for the new library erected in the Church of West- 
 
154> MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 minster. It is understood, that his collections in 
 support of his History, with respect to civil affairs, 
 were before this time deposited in the Cotton Li- 
 brary ; for as to those that related to ecclesiastical 
 matters, when asked for them by Dr. Goodman, 
 son to his great benefactor, he declared he stood 
 engaged to Dr. Bancroft, Archbishop of Canter- 
 terbury. They came afterwards to Archbishop 
 Laud, and are supposed to have been destroyed 
 when his papers fell into the hands of Mr. Prynne, 
 Mr. Scot, and Hugh Peters ; for, upon a diligent 
 search made by Dr. San croft, soon after his pro- 
 motion to that See, there was not a line of them to 
 be found, as we have already mentioned. His 
 body was removed to his house in London, and on 
 the 19th of November, carried in great pomp to 
 Westminster Abbey, and after a sermon preached 
 by Dr. Christopher Sutton, was deposited in the 
 south aile, near the learned Casaubon, and over 
 against Chaucer. Near the spot was erected a 
 handsome monument of white marble, with an in- 
 scription, erroneous as to his age, which is stated 
 to be seventy-four, whereas he wanted almost six 
 months of seventy-three. At Oxford, Zouch 
 Townley, of Christ Church, who was esteemed a 
 perfect master of the Latin tongue in all its purity 
 and elegance, was appointed to pronounce his fu- 
 neral oration in public, which is printed by Dr. 
 Smith. The verses written on his death were col- 
 lected and printed in a thin quarto, intituled, 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. 155 
 
 " Insignia Camdeni," Ox. l6^4, and his name 
 was enrolled in the list of public benefactors. 
 
 Camden's personal character is drawn by Bishop 
 Gibson in a few words : that he was " easy and in- 
 nocent in his conversation, and in his whole life 
 even and exemplary." We have seen him un- 
 ruffled by the attacks of envy, which his merit and 
 good fortune drew upon him. He seems to have 
 studied that tranquillity of temper which the love 
 of letters generally superinduces, and to which one 
 may, perhaps, rationally ascribe his extended life. 
 The point of view in which we are to set him, is 
 as a writer ; and here he stands foremost among 
 British Antiquaries. Varro, Strabo, and Pausa- 
 nias, among the Antients, fall short in the compa- 
 rison ; and however we may be obliged to the two 
 latter for their descriptions of the world, or a small 
 portion of it, Camden's description of Britain 
 must be allowed the pre-eminence, even though 
 we should admit that Leland marked out the plan, 
 of which he filled up the outlines. A crowd of 
 contemporaries, all admirable judges of literary 
 merit, and his correspondents, bear testimony to 
 his merit. Among these may be reckoned Orte- 
 lius, Lipsius, Scaliger, Casaubon, Merula, De 
 Thou, Du Chesne, Peiresc, Bignon, Jaque Gode- 
 fre, Gruter, Hottoman, Du Laet, Chytraeus, Ge- 
 vartius, Lindenbrogius, Mercator, Pontanus, Du 
 Puy, Rutgersius, Schottus, Sweertius, Limier, 
 with many others of inferior note. Among his 
 
156 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 countrymen, Dean Goodman and his brother, 
 Lord Burleigh, Sir Ptobert Cotton, Dr. (afterwards 
 Archbishop) Usher, Sir Philip Sidney, and Arch- 
 bishop Parker, were the patrons of his literary pur- 
 suits, as the first two had befriended him in ear- 
 lier life : and if to these we add the names of Al- 
 len, Carleton, Saville, StradHng, Carew, Johnston, 
 Lambarde, Mathews, Spelman, Twyne, Wheare, 
 Owen, Spenser, Stowe, Thomas, James, Henry 
 Parry, afterwards Bishop of Worcester, Miles 
 Smith, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester, Richard 
 Hackluyt, Henry Cuif, Albericus Gentilis, John 
 Hanmer, Sir William Beecher, Dr. Budden, Dr. 
 Case, Sir Christopher Heydon, Bishop Godwin, 
 Richard Parker, Thomas Ryves, besides others 
 whose assistance he acknowledges in the course of 
 his Britannia, we shall find no inconsiderable bede- 
 roll of associates, every one of them more or less 
 eminent in the very study in which they assisted 
 Mr. Camden, or were assisted by him. 
 
 Mr. Camden possessed no contemptible vein of 
 poetry, as may be seen by his Latin poem, intituled, 
 " Sylva," in praise of Roger Ascham, written in 
 compliment to his friend Dr. Grant, and prefixed 
 to his edition of Ascham's Letters in Latin, 1590, 
 12mo; another, intituled, '* Hibernia:" an Hex- 
 astich prefixed to Hakluyt's Voyages ; another to 
 Sir Clement Edmondes' Translation of Cassar's 
 Commentaries ; another to Sir Thomas Rogers's 
 " Anatomy of the Human Mind," 1576, 12mo. 
 
WILLIAM CAMDEN. ISj 
 
 He wrote also ten epitaphs, the most remarkable 
 of which is that for the Queen of Scots. The 
 Marriage of the Thame and Isis, of which he more 
 than half confesses himself the author, does honour 
 to his fancy, style, and numbers. 
 
 The first edition of his Britannia was in 1586, 
 8vo, not 4to, as Mr. Gough, probably by a slip of 
 the pen, has noted ; and the sixth and last was in 
 in 1607, fol. This was the first with maps. There 
 were also several editions printed abroad. The 
 first translation of it was in I6IO, by Philemon 
 Holland, who was thought to have consulted Mr. 
 Camden himself, and therefore great regard has 
 been paid by subsequent editors to his additions 
 and explanations. Mr. Camden's manuscript sup- 
 plement to this edition ofl6lO, in the Bodleian 
 Library, expressly cautions the reader to hold only 
 his " Latin copy for autentiq," but this Bishop 
 Gibson denies. Li a later edition of his trans- 
 lation, 1637, folio, Holland has taken unwarrant- 
 able liberties. ]\Ir. Wanley supposes this second 
 edition was published after Holland's death in 
 1636, the title being like a booksellers ; and that 
 he made the translation without consulting Cam- 
 den. 
 
 The Britannia was translated in l66l< by Bishop 
 Gibson, and published in folio, with large addi- 
 tions at the end of each county ; others are inserted 
 in the body of the book, distinguished from the 
 original, and Holland's most material notes placed 
 
158 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 at the bottom of each page. As this was grown 
 scarce, and many improvements were communi- 
 cated to the editor, he pubhshed a new edition 
 1722, 2 vols, folio, and additions, greatly enlarged, 
 incorporated with the text, distinguished by hooks. 
 This edition was re-printed 1753, 2 vols, folio, and 
 again in 1772? with a few corrections and improve- 
 ments from his Lordship's MS. in his own copy, 
 by his son-in-law, George Scot, esq. of Wolston- 
 hall, near Chigwell, Essex, who died I78O. A first 
 volume of a translation, by W. O. (William Oldys), 
 esq. was printed in 4to, but, as Mr. Gough thinks, 
 was never finished or dated. A manuscript most 
 erroneous translation of it, without acknowledg- 
 ment, by Richard Butcher, author of the " Anti- 
 quities of Stamford,'* is in St. John's College Li- 
 brary, Cambridge, with a few immaterial additions. 
 The last and most complete translation of the Bri- 
 tannia, by such an Antiquary as Camden would 
 have chosen, the late learned and excellent Richard 
 Gough, esq. was published in I789, 3 volumes 
 folio. Some years afterwards he had made prepa- 
 rations for a new edition, of which he superin- 
 tended only the first volume, and announced that 
 fact in a public advertisement, which did not, 
 however, prevent an attempt to pass off the whole 
 of a recent edition as his. 
 
 It only remains to be mentioned, that Camden's 
 house at Chiselhurst passed, through the hands of 
 several possessors to the late Lord Camden, who 
 
DAVID BAKER. 159 
 
 purchased it in I765, and enlarged and improved 
 the mansion and grounds *. 
 
 Baker, David, Ecclesiastical Historian and An- 
 tiquary, was born Dec. 9, 157-5, at Abergavenny, 
 in Scotland. He was the son of William Baker, 
 gent, and nephew of Dr. David Lewes, Judge of 
 the Admiralty. 
 
 From Christ's Hospital he went to Oxford in 
 1590, and became a Commoner of Pembroke Col- 
 lege, at that time called Broadgate's Hall. He left 
 College without obtaining a degree, and joined his 
 brother Richard, who was a Barrister of the Middle 
 Temple, under whom he studied the Law ; and, in 
 addition to the loose courses he followed while at 
 Oxford, he now became a professed infidel. 
 
 After the death of his brother, his father sent 
 for him, and he was made Recorder of Aberga- 
 venny, where he practised with considerable suc- 
 cess. While here, a miraculous escape from drown- 
 ing recalled him to a sense of religion, when he 
 fell upon a course of Roman Catholic writings, 
 with which he was so captivated that he joined a 
 small congregation of Benedictine Monks then in 
 London. With one of the members of this order 
 he afterwards went to Italy, where, in 1605, he 
 
 * Biog. Diet, improved edition by Mr. A. Chalmers; who 
 quotes Gough's Camden; Biog. Brit.; Life by Smith, 1691, 
 4to ; Athen. Ox. vol. I. Sec. 
 
160 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 took the habit, and changed his name to Augustin 
 Baker. 
 
 He was under the necessity of returning into 
 England for the benefit of his native air, where he 
 found his father upon his death-bed, and lost no 
 time in reconcihng him to the Roman Cathohc 
 faith. After the death of his father he resided in 
 different parts of the country, professing his reh- 
 gion as openly as could be done with any degree 
 of safety. 
 
 He was for some years Spiritual Director of the 
 English Benedictine Nuns at Cambray, where he 
 made great additions to the collections for his Ec- 
 clesiastical History, in which he was assisted while 
 in England by Camden, Cotton, Spelman, Selden, 
 and Bishop Godwin ; to all of whom, Wood says, 
 he was familiarly known. He died in Gray's-inn- 
 lane, August 9, 1641, and was buried in St. An- 
 drew's Church, Holborn. 
 
 His writings were long preserved in the English 
 Nunnery at Cambray, but were never published. 
 They consisted principally of religious treatises, 
 and amounted to nine large folios. The six vo- 
 lumes of his Ecclesiastical History were lost, but 
 out of them were taken Father Rayner's '' Apos- 
 tolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia ;" and a consi- 
 derable part of Cressy's *' Church History." 
 
 It appears that the account given of Mr. Baker 
 by Wood in the " Athenae" was one of the articles 
 that laid him open to the suspicion of being 
 
JOHN VICARS. 
 
 161 
 
 attached to Popery ; and, according to wliat Mr. 
 Chalmers says of it, justly, for *' it is certainly writ- 
 ten with all the abject submission of credulity *." 
 
 Vicars, John, descended from the family of Vi- 
 cars in Cumberland, was born in London in 1582, 
 and upon leaving Christ's Hospital became a 
 Member of Queen's College, Oxford, but whether 
 or no he took his degrees Wood has not disco- 
 vered. From Oxford he returned to the Hospital, 
 and became an under master, in which situation 
 he continued nearly the whole of his life. Most 
 of his writings concern the religious controversies 
 of the times, and Foulis, in his " History of Plots," 
 says, that " he could out-scold the boldest faces in 
 Billingsgate, especially if kings, bishops, organs, or 
 may-poles, were to be the objects of his zealous 
 indignation." 
 
 Mr. Vicars, it appears, wrote in verse as w^ell as 
 prose, and in I617 published " MischiePs Myste- 
 rie ; or, Treason's Master-piece ; the Powder Plot 
 invented by Hellish Malice, prevented by Hea- 
 venly Mercy, truly related, and from the Latin of 
 the learned and Reverend Dr. Herring translated, 
 and very much dilated, by John Vicars." At the 
 end of this volume are some smaller poems. 
 
 At the commencement of the Rebellion, *' he 
 showed his great forwardness," says Wood, " for 
 
 * Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; where is quoted Atli. Ox. vol. II. ; 
 Granger, vol. II. 
 
162 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Presbyterianism, hated all people that loved obe- 
 dience, and affrighted many of the weaker sort, 
 and others, from having any agreement with the 
 King's party by continually inculcating into their 
 heads strange stories of God's wrath against the 
 Cavaliers. Afterwards, when the Independents 
 became predominant, he manifested great enmity 
 against them, especially after the King's death." 
 
 In 1644 was printed the first and second parts 
 of his " Parliamentary Chronicle," under the fol- 
 lowing title : " God in the Mount ; or, England's 
 Remembrancer, being the first and second Part of 
 a Parliamentary Chronicle," 4to. This was fol- 
 lowed by " God's Arke overtopping the World's 
 Waves ; or, a third Part of a Parliamentary Chro- 
 nicle," 1646. And during the same year the con- 
 cluding portion, under the title of*' The Burning 
 Bush not consumed ; or, the fourth and last Part 
 of a Parliamentary Chronicle," 1646. These were 
 afterwards published together, under the title of 
 " Magnalis Dei Anglicana ; or, England's Parlia- 
 mentary Chronicle," 1646. 
 
 The works of Mr. Vicars abound with the abuse 
 and the gross personal reflections which passed be- 
 tween the lower order of controversialists of that 
 period, as will appear by the title to the following 
 work : " Coleman-street Conclave visited ; and 
 that grand Impostor, the Schismatics' Cheater-in- 
 chief (who hath long slily lurked therein) truly 
 and duly discovered ; containing a most palpable 
 and plain Display of Mr. John Goodwin's Self-con- 
 
JOHN VICARS. 163 
 
 viction (under his own Hand-writing), and of the 
 notorious Heresies, Errors, Malice, Pride, and 
 Hypocrisy, of this most huge Garagantua in falsely- 
 pretended Piety, to the lamentable misleading of 
 the too credulous soul-murdered Proselytes of 
 Coleman-street, and elsewhere ; collected princi- 
 pally out of his own big braggadochio wave-like- 
 swelling and swaggering Writings, full-fraught 
 with six-footed Terms and fleshlie rhetorical 
 Phrases, far more than solid and sacred Truths, 
 and may fitly serve (if it be the Lord's Will), like 
 Belshazzar's Hand-writing, on the Wall of his 
 Conscience, to strike Terror and Shame into his 
 own Soul and shameless Face, and to undeceive his 
 most miserably cheated and inchanted, or be- 
 witched Followers.'* The work is embellished 
 with a portrait of Goodwin, with a windmill over 
 his head, and a weather-cock upon it. The devil 
 is represented blowing the sails ; and there are 
 other emblems significant of Goodwin's fickleness. 
 Mr. Vicars died Aug. 12, 1652, in his 72d year, 
 and was buried in Christ Church, Newgate-street*. 
 
 Barnes, Joshua, B. D. and Greek Professor at 
 Cambridge, was the son of a tradesman in London, 
 where he was born Jan. 10, 1654. He was dis- 
 tinguished while in the Hospital by his early 
 knowledge of Greek, and published, before he 
 
 * Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; where is quoted Ath. Ox. vol. II. j 
 Cens. Lit. vols. II. and III. 
 
 m2 
 
164 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 went to the University, " Sacred Poems ; in five 
 Books : 1. Kocr/xoTTot/a, or the Creation of the 
 World ; 2. the Fall of Adam, and the Redemption 
 by Christ ; 3. an Hymn to the Holy Trinity ; 4. a 
 Pastoral Eclogue upon the Restoration of King 
 Charles II. and an Essay upon the Royal Exchange ; 
 5. Panegyrics, or the Muses,'* &c. These pieces are 
 in English, with a Latin dedication, anno 1669. 
 In 1670 he wrote a poem in English under the 
 title of " The Life of Oliver Cromwell the Ty- 
 rant,'* which was followed by several dramatic 
 pieces, viz. Xerxes, Pythias and Damon, Holofer- 
 nes, &c. some in English, and some in Latin ; the 
 former written entirely by himself, the latter in 
 conjunction with others ; also some tragedies of 
 Seneca translated into English. " Upon the Fire 
 of London and the Plague,** a Latin poem in he- 
 roic verse. " A Latin Elegy upon the Beheading 
 of St. John the Baptist.** 
 
 In 1671 he was admitted a Servitor of Emanuel 
 College, Cambridge. In 1675 he published, " Ge- 
 rania, or a new Discovery of a little Sort of Peo- 
 ple called Pigmies,'* 12mo; and in 1678 was elected 
 Fellow of his College. The following year ap- 
 peared his " AoT^ixoxdroTTT^ov, sive Estherge Histo- 
 ria, Poetica Paraphrasi, idque Graeco Carmine, cui 
 Versio Latina opponitur, exornataj una cum 
 Scholiis, seu Annotationibus Grsecis j in quibus 
 (ad Sacri Textus Dilucidationem) prseter alia non 
 pauca. Gentium Orientalium Antiquates Moresque 
 
JOSHUA BARNES. 
 
 165 
 
 recondltorcs proferuntur. Additur Parodla Ho- 
 merica de eadem hac Historia. Accessit Index 
 Rerum ac Verborum copiosissimiis," 8vo. 
 
 In 1686 he took the degree of B. D. and in 1688 
 published " The History of that most victorious 
 Monarch Edward III. King of England and France, 
 and Lord of Ireland, and first Founder of the 
 most noble Order of the Garter; being a full and 
 exact Account of the Life and Death of the said 
 King. Together with that of his most renowned 
 Son Edward Prince of Wales and Acquitain, sur- 
 named the Black Prince ; faithfully and carefully 
 collected from the best and most ancient Authors, 
 domestic and foreign, printed Books, Manuscripts, 
 and Records ;" Camb. folio. " A very elaborate 
 collection of facts," says Mr. Chalmers, *' but 
 strangely intermixed with long speeches from his 
 own imagination, which he thought was imitating 
 Thucydides. Of his judgment as an Antiquary it 
 may be a sufficient specimen that he traced the 
 institution of the Order of the Garter to the Phe- 
 nicians, following his predecessor Aylet Sammes, 
 who derives all our customs from the same antient 
 people." This work was dedicated to King 
 James the Second. In 1694 came out his edition 
 of Euripides, dedicated to Charles Duke of So- 
 merset ; and in 1695 he was chosen Greek Profes- 
 sor of the University of Cambridge. 
 
 In 1700 Mr. Barnes married Mrs. Mason, a wi- 
 dow lady of Hemingford, in Huntingdonshire, 
 
166 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 with a jointure of 200/. per annum. Mrs. Mason 
 was between forty and fifty, and having for some 
 time been a great admirer of Mr. Barnes, went to 
 Cambridge, and, according to common report, de- 
 sired leave to settle 100/. a year upon him after 
 her death. This Mr. Barnes politely refused, un- 
 less she would condescend to make him happy in 
 her person, which was none of the most engaging. 
 The lady was too obliging to refuse any tiling to 
 " Joshua, for whom," she said, " the sun stood 
 still ;" and they were soon after married. This 
 jointure was, in all probability, of material assist- 
 ance to him, as he had no church preferment, and 
 bore a considerable portion of the expence of print- 
 ing his works, particularly his Homer, which greatly 
 embarrassed him. About that time he wrote two 
 supplicating letters to the Earl of Oxford, the effect 
 of which was not known j but it is said that he at 
 one time generously refused 2000/. a year which 
 was offered to be settled upon him. The letters 
 are now in the British Museum, and were copied 
 some years ago, and printed in the St. James's 
 Chronicle, by George Steevens, esq. Upon the 
 same authority it is said that a copy of verses that 
 he wrote to prove that Solomon was the author of 
 the Iliad, was not so much the persuasion of his 
 own mind, as to amuse his wife ; and by that 
 means engage her to supply him with money to- 
 wards defraying the expenses of the edition. The 
 manuscript is in the library of Emanuel College. 
 
JOSHUA BARNES. iGj 
 
 In 1705 was published at Cambridge the first 
 edition of his " Anacreon," dedicated to the Uuke 
 of Marlborough ; to which is subjoined a catalogue 
 of the works of Mr. Barnes, published and unpub- 
 lished. In this catalogue, which is omitted in the 
 second edition, are the following works in addi- 
 tion to those already noticed : " The Warlike 
 Lover, or the Generous Rival ; an English drama- 
 tic piece upon the war between the English and 
 Dutch, and the death of the Earl of Sandwich, 
 anno I672. 2. ^ovBoi/.(pav=oi^, or Joseph the Pa- 
 triarch ; a Greek heroic poem, in one book. The 
 author designed twelve books, but finished only 
 one. 3. 'OgstoXoyia, or our Saviour's Sermon upon 
 the Mount, the Decalogue, the Apostles' Creed, 
 the Lord's Prayer, the Magnificat, with other 
 Hymns from the Old and New Testament, in 
 Greek verse. 4. Thuribulum, or the Hymns and 
 Festivals, in Greek Verse. 5. Miscellanies and 
 Epigrams, in Latin and Greek Verse. 6. A77X0 
 BsA70|xa;^/a, or the Death of Edward Montague, 
 Earl of Sandwich, in Greek, Latin, and English 
 verse. 7* 'Axsxr^uoi/.a^ia, or a Poem upon Cock- 
 fighting, anno I673. 8. The Song of Songs, con- 
 taining an hundred Hexastics in English heroic 
 verse, anno 1674. 9. "^Trsi^rj^id^og ; a ludicrous 
 poem, in Greek macaronic verse, upon a Battle 
 between a Spider and a Toad, anno I673. 10. 
 ^Xrj'ioihos, or a Supplement to the old ludicrous 
 Poem under that title, at Trinity-house in Cam- 
 
168 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 bridge, upon a Battle between the Fleas and a 
 Welshman. 11. A Poetical Lexicon, Greek and 
 Latin ; to which is added, a Lexicon of Proper 
 Names, I675, folio. 12. A Treatise on the Greek 
 Accents, in Answer to Henry Christian Heninius 
 and others, with a Discourse upon the Points now 
 in Use. 13. Humourous Poems upon the Ninth 
 Book of the Iliad, and the Ninth of the Odyssey, 
 in English ; published in I68I. 14. Franciados ; 
 an heroic poem, in Latin, upon the Black Prince. 
 The whole was to consist of twelve books, eight of 
 which were finished. 15. The Art of War, in 
 four books, in English prose, I676. I6. Hengist, 
 or the English Valour ; an heroic poem, in Eng- 
 lish, in seven books. 17- Landgarth, or the Ama- 
 zon Queen of Norway and Denmark ; an English 
 dramatic poem, in heroic verse, designed in ho- 
 nour of the marriage between Prince George of 
 Denmark and Princess Anne. 18. An Ecclesias- 
 tical History, from the Beginning of the World to 
 the Ascension of our Saviour, in' Latin, folio. 19. 
 Miscellaneous Poems, in English. 20. Philosophi- 
 cal and Divine Poems, in Latin, published at differ- 
 ent times at Cambridge. 21. Poems, and sacred 
 daily Meditations, continued for several years, in 
 English. 22. A Dissertation upon Pillars, Obelisks, 
 Pyramids, &c. in Latin, lG92. 23. A Discourse 
 upon the Sibyls, in three books, in Latin. 24. The 
 Life of Pindar, in four Lectures j and thirty-two 
 Lectures upon his first Olympic Ode. 25. The 
 
JOSHUA BARNES. l69 
 
 Life of Theocritus, and Lectures upon tliat Poet. 
 26. The Lives of David, Scanderberg, and Ta- 
 mcrhme. These lives, he says, lie never actually 
 begun, but only made considerable collections for 
 them. 27. The Life of Edward the Black Prince. 
 28. The University Calendar ; or, Directions for 
 young Students of all Degrees, with Relation to 
 their Studies, and general Rules of Ethics, and a 
 Form of Prayer, anno 1685. 29. Thirty-two Lec- 
 tures upon the First Book of the Odyssey. 30. 
 Above fifty Lectures upon Sophocles. 3I. Lec- 
 tures upon Bereshith, with an Oration recommend- 
 ing the study of the Hebrew Language. 32. Three 
 Discourses in English. I. The Fortunate Island, 
 or the Inauguration of Queen Gloriana. II. The 
 Advantage of England, or a sure Way to Victory. 
 III. The Cause of the Church of England de- 
 fended and explained ; published in 1703. 33. 
 Concio ad Clerum, for his degree of Bachelor of 
 Divinity, at St. Mary's in Cambridge, 1686. 34. 
 Occasional Sermons, preached before the Lord 
 Mayor, &c. 35, An Oration, recommending the 
 Study of the Greek Language, spoken in the Pub- 
 lic Schools at Cambridge before the Vice-chancel- 
 lor, March 28, 1705. 36. A Greek Oration, ad- 
 dressed to the Most Reverend Father Neophytus, 
 Archbishop of Philippopolis, spoken in the Regent- 
 house at Cambridge, September 13, I7OI. 37. A 
 Prevaricator's Speech, spoken at the Commence- 
 
170 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 ment at Cambridge, 1680. 38. A Congratulatory 
 Oration in Latin, spoken at St. Mary's, September 
 9, 1683, upon the Escape of King Charles II. and 
 the Duke of York from the Conspiracy. 39- Ser- 
 mons, Orations, Declamations, Problems, Transla- 
 tions, Letters, and other Exercises, in English, 
 Latin, and Greek. 40. A Satire in English Verse 
 upon the Poets and Critics. 41. An Imitation of 
 Plautus's Trinummi in English. 42. Interpreta- 
 tions, Illustrations, Emendations, and Corrections 
 of many Passages, which have been falsely trans- 
 lated, with Explications upon various Passages of 
 Scripture, from Genesis to Revelations. 43. Com- 
 mon-places in Divinity, Philology, Poetry, and 
 Criticism j and Emendations of various Greek and 
 Latin Authors, with Fragments of many of the 
 Poets. 
 
 In 1711 his Homer made its appearance; the 
 Iliad dedicated to the Earl of Pembroke, and the 
 Odyssey to the Earl of Nottingham. He died 
 August 3, 1712, and was buried at Hemingford, 
 where there is a monument to his memory, erected 
 by his widow, with a Latin inscription, and some 
 Greek Anacreontics by Dr. Savage, rather extra- 
 vagant, but composed by way of pleasantry, and 
 which his widow requested might be inscribed. 
 One curious fact is recorded on his monument, 
 that he " read a small English Bible one hundred 
 and twenty-one times at his leisure j" which, Mr. 
 
JOijIlUA BARNES. 171 
 
 Cole remarks, is but once more than the learned 
 Duke de Montaiisier had read the Greek Testa- 
 ment. 
 
 " Mr. Barnes's character," says Mr. Chalmers, 
 " has been variously represented, but always with 
 a preponderance of the good. He had a great deal 
 of enthusiasm in his temper, which discovered itself 
 in various circumstances of his life. He constantly 
 maintained that spiritual sins, such as pride, defa- 
 mation, &c. were more offensive in the eyes of God 
 than those which arise from a too great indulgence 
 of the senses. He believed that charity seldom or 
 never passes without its reward in this life. And 
 this opinion prevailed so far with him, that he has 
 given his only coat to a vagrant begging at his 
 door ; and he used to relate some extraordinary 
 retributions conferred upon him by unknown per- 
 sons for his charities of this kind. He was re- 
 markable rather for the quickness of his wit, and 
 the happiness of his memory, than for the solidity 
 of his judgment ; upon which somebody recom- 
 mended this pun (which, by the way. Menage 
 used in his Satire upon Pierre Montmaur) to be 
 inscribed upon his monument : 
 
 ' Joshua Barnes, 
 Felicis memoriae, judicium expectans.' 
 
 " He had a prodigious readiness in writing and 
 speaking the Greek tongue j and he himself tells us, 
 in the Preface to his Esther, that 'he found it much 
 easier to him to write in that language than in La- 
 
172 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 tin, or even English, since the ornaments of poetry 
 are almost peculiar to the Greeks, and since he 
 had for many years been extremely conversant in 
 Homer, the great father and source of the Greek 
 poetry. However, that his verses were not mere 
 Cantos from that poet, like Dr. Duport's, but 
 formed, as far as he was able, upon his style and 
 manner ; since he had no desire to be considered 
 as a rhapsodist of a rhapsody, but was ambitious 
 of the title of a poet. 
 
 " Dr. Bentley, we are told, used to say of Joshua 
 Barnes, that he ' understood as much of Greek as a 
 Greek cobler.' This bon-mot, which was first re- 
 lated by Dr. Salter of the Charter-house, has been 
 explained by an ingenious writer, as not insinu- 
 ating that Barnes had only some knowledge of the 
 Greek language. Greek was so familiar to him, 
 that he could off hand have turned a paragraph in 
 a newspaper, or a hawker's bill *, into any kind of 
 
 * Mr. Dyer, in his " History of the University and Colleges 
 of Cambridge," treating of the Literature of the Uiiiversity, 
 says, " Perhaps, had Barnes not overstocked the market with 
 his Greek verses, there might have been a demand for some of 
 the abundance now reposing in manuscript. For there it hes, 
 in Emanuel Library, together with a great part of a Latin-Greek 
 Lexicon, also in manuscript. But Barnes had a knack of throw- 
 ing every thing into Greek verse, whether David's Psalms, or. 
 Three blue beans in a blue bladder. 
 Rattle, rattle, rattle ; 
 or lines on the arms over the poor lion, at the entrance of Ema- 
 nuel College ; both of which he threw into extemporaneous 
 verse." 
 
JOSHUA BARNES. l?^ 
 
 Greek metre, and has often been known to do so 
 among his Cambridge friends. But with this un- 
 common knowledge and facility in that language, 
 being very deficient in taste and judgment, Bent- 
 ley compared his attainments in Greek, not to the 
 erudition of a scholar, but to the colloquial readi- 
 ness of a vulgar mechanic. With respect to his 
 learning, it seems agreed that he had read a great 
 many books, retained a great many words, and 
 could write Greek in what is called the Anacreon- 
 tic measure readily, but was far from being a judi- 
 cious or an able critic. If he had some enemies 
 at first, his abuse and vanity did not afterwards 
 lessen their number, though, it is probable, more 
 men laughed at than either envied or hated him. 
 They said he was ovog7rpog7s.upav, Asinits ad Lyram; 
 and perhaps it is not the worst thing Barnes ever 
 said in reply, that they who said this of him had 
 not understanding enough to be poets, or wanted 
 V8S Trpog 7\.vpav. 
 
 " How Mr. Barnes was neglected in church 
 preferments cannot now be ascertained, but it 
 seems not improbable that he did not seek it, his 
 whole life being spent in study, and his only wants 
 those which arose from the expence of his publica- 
 tions. His pursuits were classical, and although 
 from his constant perusal of the Bible we may in- 
 fer Jiis piety, we know little of him as a divine." 
 
 In one of his letters to the Earl of Oxford Mr. 
 Barnes says, *' I have lived in the University above 
 thirty years Fellow of a College, now above forty 
 
174 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 years standing, and fifty-eight years of age, am a 
 Bachelor of Divinity, and have preached before 
 Kings *." 
 
 JuRiN, James, M. D. an eminent Physician and 
 Mathematician, was born in 1684. From Christ's 
 Hospital he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 of which he was Fellow in i 711. On his return 
 to London he commenced an extensive practice, 
 and was appointed Physician to Guy*s Hospital. 
 In 1712 was published, at the request of Sir Isaac 
 Newton and Dr. Bentley, "Varenius's Geogra- 
 phy," 2 vols. 8vo, edited by Dr. Jurin. 
 
 Dr. Jurin was for many years an active Member 
 and Secretary of the Royal Society, and distin- 
 guished himself by a series of ingenious essays 
 printed in the Philosophical Transactions of that 
 Society in I7I8 and I719 ; afterwards printed col- 
 lectively, in 1732, under the title of " Physico- 
 Mathematical Dissertations," in which mathema- 
 tical science was applied with considerable acute- 
 ness to physiological subjects. These papers in- 
 volved him in several controversies ; first with 
 Keill, in consequence of his calculations in regard 
 to the force of the contractions of the heart, against 
 which Senac also published some objections, which 
 he answered. 
 
 * Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; who quotes Gent. Mag. ; Cole's 
 MSS. ; St. James's Chronicle ; Malone's Dryden ; Tatler, with 
 Notes ; Saxii Onomasticon. 
 
 I 
 
DR. JAMES JURIN. 17^ 
 
 In 1738 was published Smith's " System of Op- 
 tics,'* to which Dr. Jurin added, " An Essay upon 
 distinct and indistinct Vision," in which he made 
 subtle calculations of the changes necessary to be 
 made in the figure of the eye to accommodate it to 
 the different distances of the objects. This paper 
 was commented on by Robins, to whom the Doc- 
 tor wrote a reply. He had likewise controversies 
 with Michelotti respecting the force of running 
 water, and with the philosophers of Leibnitz on 
 living forces. He communicated to the Royal 
 Society some experiments made with a view to de- 
 termine the specific gravity of the human blood ; 
 and he contributed much to the improvement of 
 their meteorogical observations. 
 
 Dr. Jurin was a zealous partizan, and an active 
 defender of the practice of inoculation ; and in 
 several publications, giving an account of its suc- 
 cess from 1723 to 1727* established its utility upon 
 the true foundation of a comparison between the 
 respective mortality of the casual and the inocu- 
 lated small-pox. He died in 1750, at which time 
 he was President of the College of Physicians. 
 He was also a Member of the Gentlemen's Society 
 at Spalding, to which he presented the number of 
 the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Soci- 
 ety as they came out*. 
 
 * Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; where is quoted Literary Anec- 
 dotes ; Rees's Cyclopaedia. 
 
176 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Markland, Jeremiah, M. A. one of the most 
 learned critics of the eighteenth century, was de- 
 scended from an antient family of that name, near 
 Wigan in Lancashire. He was one of the twelve 
 children of the Rev. Ralph Markland, M.A. Vicar 
 of Childwall in the same county, " whose unble- 
 mished life and character," says Mr. Chalmers, 
 "gave efficacy to the doctrines he preached, and 
 rendered him an ornament to the Church of which 
 he was a member. He was not, however, the au- 
 thor of a poem, frequently attributed to his pen, 
 intituled, * Pteryphlegia, or the Art of Shooting 
 Flying,* as it was one of the juvenile productions 
 of his relative, Dr. Abraham Markland, Fellow of 
 St. John's College, Oxford, and above thirty years 
 Master of St. Cross, near Winchester, of whose 
 life and more important writings Wood has made 
 some mention.'* 
 
 The subject of this memoir was born October 
 29, 1693, and in 1704 was admitted into Christ's 
 Hospital, from whence he was sent, in I7IO, to 
 Cambridge, and admitted of St. Peter's College. 
 Here he took the degree of B. A. in 1713, and the 
 following year appears among the poetical contri- 
 butors to the " Cambridge Gratulations." In 
 1717 he took his Master's degree, and about the 
 same time ably vindicated the character of Addi- 
 son against the Satire of Pope, in some verses ad- 
 dressed to the Countess of Warwick. He was the 
 
JEREMIAH MARKLAND. 177 
 
 author also of a translation of " The Friar's Tale," 
 from Chaucer, which is printed in Ogle's edition 
 of 1741. 
 
 In 1717 Mr. Markland was chosen Fellow of his 
 College, and probably intended to have taken or- 
 ders ; but it soon appeared that from extreme 
 weakness of lungs he could never have performed 
 the duties of a clergyman, and even at this time 
 reading a lecture for only one hour in a day disor- 
 dered him greatly. He continued, however, for 
 several years as a tutor in St. Peter's College. He 
 became first distinguished in the learned world by 
 his ** Epistola Critica ad eruditissimum Virum 
 Franciscum Hare, S. T. P. Decanum Vigornien- 
 sem, in qua Horatii Loca aliquot et aliorum Vete- 
 rum emendantur," Camb. 1723, 8vo. In this, 
 which at once decided the course of his studies, he 
 gave many proofs of extensive erudition and criti- 
 cal sagacity. He appears to have been also at this 
 time employed on notes and emendations on Pro- 
 pertius, and promised a new edition of the Thebaid 
 and Achillaid of Statius, but he published only an 
 edition of the " Sylvae," in 1728, 4to, printed by 
 Mr. Bowyer. In this, probably his first connexion 
 with that learned printer, he gave a proof of the 
 scrupulous integrity which was conspicuous through- 
 out his whole life; for, it not being convenient for 
 him to pay Mr. Bowyer as soon as he wished and 
 intended, he insisted on adding the interest. 
 
 Mr. Markland found the " Sylvae" of Statius in 
 
 N 
 
178 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 a very corrupt state, obscure in itself, and man- 
 gled by its editors ; yet, notwithstanding the want 
 of manuscript copies, of which there were none in 
 England, he appears to have accomplished his task 
 by uncommon felicity of judgment and conjec- 
 ture. It is not very easy to comprehend Ernesti's 
 objection, that he *' sometimes rather indulged his 
 ingenuity and exquisite learning against the ex- 
 pressed authority of books," since his object was 
 to prove how much those books had failed in ex- 
 hibiting a pure text. Of the ancient editions, Mr. 
 Markland owns his obligations to that of Venice, 
 1472, which he found in the Duke of Devonshire's 
 Library, and which is also in Lord Spencer's ; and 
 that of Parma, 1473, belonging to the Earl of 
 Sunderland. The "Statins," as well as the "Epis- 
 tola Critica," was dedicated to his friend Bishop 
 Hare. 
 
 It appears that he had begun an edition of 
 " Apuleius" at Cambridge, of which seven sheets 
 were printed off, from Morell's French edition ; 
 but on Dr. Bentley's sending him a rude message 
 concerning his having left out a line that was extant 
 in one of the MSS. he went no farther. Mr. Bow- 
 yer, who knew the value of Mr. Markland*s labours, 
 would have carried on this work, but never could 
 obtain a copy of the printed sheets, which re- 
 mained for some years in Mr. Bentham's ware- 
 house at Cambridge. 
 
 After several years' residence at St. Peter's Col- 
 
JEREMIAH MARKLAND. 179 
 
 lege, he undertook, in 1728, the education of Wil- 
 liam Strode, esq. of Punsborn in Herts, with wliom 
 he continued above two years at his house, and as 
 long abroad in France, Flanders, and Holland. 
 Some time after their return, Mr. Strode married, 
 and when his eldest son was about six years old, 
 Mr. Markland undertook the care of his educa- 
 tion, and was with him seven years. This pupil, 
 who was afterwards a Gentleman of the Bed-cham- 
 ber to his late Majesty, a man of extensive bene- 
 volence and generosity, and always very attentive 
 to Mr. Markland, died in 1809. 
 
 After his return to England, Mr. Markland 
 again took up his residence at College, and re- 
 sumed his learned labours. In 1739 Mr. Taylor 
 acknowledged his obligations to Mr. Markland for 
 his *' Conjecturae" annexed to his " Orationes et 
 Fragmenta Lysiae," an incomparable edition, on 
 which Taylor's fame may securely rest. In 1740 
 Mr. Markland contributed annotations to Dr. Da- 
 vies's second edition of Maximus Tyrius. This 
 volume was printed by Mr. Bowyer, under the 
 sanction of the Society for the Encouragement of 
 Learning; and such was Mr. Markland's care, that 
 this Society, although on their part not very con- 
 sistently, complained of the expence which Mr. 
 Markland occasioned by his extreme nicety in 
 correcting the proof-sheets. In an address to the 
 reader, prefixed to his annotations, Mr. Markland 
 brought forward a very singular discovery, that 
 
 N 2 
 
180 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Maximus had himself published two editions of his 
 work. " It is very surprising," says Mr. Chalmers, 
 " that at this time, when Markland was receiving 
 the thanks and praises of his learned contempo- 
 raries, Warburton only should under-rate his la- 
 bours, and say in a letter to Dr. Birch, * I have 
 a poor opinion both of Markland's and Taylor's 
 critical abilities.' Whether this 'poor opinion' 
 proceeded from temper or taste, we find that it 
 was afterwards adopted by Warburton's friend Dr. 
 Hurd, who went a little farther in compliment to 
 his correspondent, and, somewhat luckily for Mr. 
 Markland, involves himself in a direct contradic- 
 tion, calling Mr. Markland, in the same sentence, 
 * a learned man,' and a man of * slender parts 
 and sense.' It cannot be too much regretted that 
 Bishop Hurd should have left his Warburtonian 
 correspondence to be printed, after he had, in the 
 republication of his own works, professed to recant 
 many of the harsh opinions of his early days." 
 
 In 1743 Mr. Markland talked of the gout as an 
 old companion, at which time he resided at Twy- 
 ford'; and about this period he appears to have 
 been twice encouraged to oiFer himself a candidate 
 for the Greek professorship ; but had either not 
 ambition enough to aspire to this honour, or had 
 some dislike to the office, to which, however, abi- 
 lities like his must have done credit. From 1744 
 to 1752, his residence was at Uckfield in Sussex, 
 where he boarded in the house of the school-mas- 
 
 I 
 
JEREMIAH MAUKLAND. 181 
 
 master under whose care young Mr. Strode had 
 been placed, and where he first formed an intimacy 
 with the Rev. Wilham Clarke, whose son Edward 
 was phiced under his private tuition. In 1745, he 
 published " Remarks on the Epistles of Cicero to 
 Brutus, and of Brutus to Cicero, in a Letter to a 
 Friend. With a Dissertation upon four Orations 
 ascribed to Cicero; viz. 1. Ad Quirites post Re- 
 ditum • 2. Post Reditum in Senatu : 3. Pro Domo 
 sua, ad Pontifices : 4. Ue Haruspicum Responsis : 
 To which are added, some Extracts out of the 
 Notes of learned Men upon those Orations, and 
 Observations on them, attempting to prove them 
 all spurious, and the Works of some Sophist," 8vo. 
 These remarks, which were addressed to Mr. Bow^- 
 yer, although very ingenious, brought on the first 
 controversy in which Mr. Markland was con- 
 cerned ; but in which he was unwilling to exert 
 himself. He seems to have contented himself 
 with his own conviction upon the subject, and with 
 shewing only some contempt of what was offered. 
 " I believe," says he, in a letter to Mr. Bowyer, 
 " I shall drop the affair of these spurious letters, 
 and the orations I mentioned ; for, though I am 
 as certain that Cicero was not the author of them, 
 as I am that you were not, yet I consider that it 
 must be judged of by those who are already preju- 
 diced on the other side. And how flir prejudice 
 will go, is evident from tlie subject itself; for no- 
 thing else could have suffered such silly and bar- 
 
182 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 barous stiift* as these Epistles and Orations to pass 
 so long, and through so many learned men's hands, 
 for the writings of Cicero ; in which view, I con- 
 fess, I cannot read them without astonishment and 
 indignation." 
 
 A little farther account, however, of this con- 
 troversy, and its rise, may yet be interesting. In 
 1741, Mr. Tunstall, Public Orator of Cambridge, 
 published his doubts on the authenticity of the 
 letters between Cicero and Brutus (which Middle- 
 ton, in his Life of Cicero, had considered as ge- 
 nuine), in a Latin dissertation. This Middleton 
 called "a frivolous, captious, disingenuous piece 
 of criticism :" he answ^ered it in English, and pub- 
 lished the disputed epistles with a translation. On 
 this, Tunstall, in 1744, published his " Observa- 
 tions on the Epistles, representing sev'eral evident 
 Marks of Forgery in them, in Answer to the late 
 Pretences of the Rev. Dr. Conyer's Middleton." 
 Markland, the following year, published his argu- 
 ments on the same side of the question, which 
 called forth a pamphlet, written by Mr. Ross, af- 
 terw^ards Bishop of Exeter, intituled, " A Disser- 
 tation in which the Defence of P. Sylla, ascribed 
 to M. TuUius Cicero, is clearly proved to be spu- 
 rious, after the Manner of Mr. Markland ; with 
 some introductory Remarks on other Writings of 
 the Ancients, never before suspected." It is writ- 
 ten in a sarcastic style, but with a display of learn- 
 ing very inferior to that of the excellent scholar 
 
JEREMIAH MARKLAND. 18.3 
 
 against whom it was directed, and in a disposition 
 very dissimilar to the candour and fairness which 
 accompanied the writings of Markhmd. It has 
 lately been discovered that Gray, the celebrated 
 poet, assisted Ross in his pamphlet, but at the 
 same time does not seem to have entertained a 
 very high opinion of lloss*s wit. In a manuscript 
 note in the first leaf of his copy of Markland, he 
 writes : " This book is answered in an ingenious 
 way, but the irony is not quite transparent." 
 Gray's copy of Markland is now in the possession 
 of his late excellent biographer, the Rev. John 
 Mitford. Mr. Mitford adds, that the notes whicli 
 Gray has written in this copy " display a familiar 
 knowledge of the structure of the Latin language, 
 and answer some of the objections of Markland, 
 who had not then learnt the caution, in verbal cri- 
 ticism and conjectural emendation, which he well 
 knew how to value when an editor of Euripides.'* 
 — The only other pamphlet which this controversy 
 produced was entitled, ** A Dissertation in which 
 the Observations of a late Pamphlet on the 
 Writings of the Ancients, after the Manner of Mr. 
 Markland, are clearly answered; those Passages in 
 TuUy corrected, on which some of the Objections 
 are founded : with Amendments of a few Pieces 
 of Criticism in Mr. Markland's Epistola Critica," 
 Lond. 1746, 8vo. At length Gesner defended the 
 genuineness of the orations in question, and they 
 
184 MEMOIRS OF ExMINENT BLUES. 
 
 were re-printed by Ernest, and are still believed 
 to be part of Cicero's works. 
 
 In 1748 Mr. Markland contributed some notes 
 to Arnold's " Commentary on the Book of Wis- 
 dom," which are noticed at the end of the author's 
 preface, in the second edition, I76O. In 1750, he 
 communicated some very judicious remarks on an 
 edition, then printing by Mr. Bowyer, of " Kuster 
 de Verbo Medio." He was also at this time em- 
 ployed on his Euripides. In 17<52, having com- 
 pleted the education of his amiable pupil Mr. Strode, 
 he first began to seclude himself from the world. 
 *' By this time," he says, "being grown old, and 
 having moreover long and painful annual fits of 
 the gout, I was glad to find, what my inclination 
 and infirmities, w^hich made me unfit for the world 
 and for company, had for a long time led me to, 
 a very private place of retirement near Dorking in 
 Surrey." In this pleasant and sequestered spot, 
 in the hamlet of Milton, he saw little company : 
 his walks were almost confined td the narrow limits 
 of his garden : and he described himself, in 17<55, 
 to be as much out of the way of hearing, as of get- 
 ting. *' Of this last," he adds, " I have now no de- 
 sire : the other I should be glad of." What first in- 
 duced him to retire from the world is not known. 
 It has been supposed to have proceeded from dis- 
 appointment: but of what nature is matter of con- 
 jecture. There is a traditionary report, that he 
 
JEREMIAH MARKLAND. 185 
 
 once received a munificent proposal from Dr. 
 Mead, to enable him to travel, on a most liberal 
 plan, in pursuit of such literary matters as should 
 appear eligible to himself; and that his retirement 
 arose from a disgust his extreme delicacy occa- 
 sioned liim to take during the negociation. He 
 was certainly disinterested to an extreme : and 
 money was never considered by him as a good, any 
 farther than it enabled him to relieve the neces- 
 sitous. 
 
 In 1756 appeared an edition by Musgrave of 
 the Hippolytus of Euripides, under the title of 
 "Euripidis Hippolytus, ex MSS. Bibliothecaj regias 
 Parisiensis emendatus. Variis Lectionibus et Notis 
 Editoris accessere Viri clarissimi Jeremiae Mark- 
 land Emendationes," a title which was printed 
 without Mr. Markland's knowledge, and very con- 
 trary to his inclination, as he has written on the 
 margin of his own copy, now in Dr. Burney's pos- 
 session ; and it is said that his notes were obtained 
 by a friend, and did not pass directly from Mr. 
 Markland to Mr. Musgrave. In 1758, he contri- 
 buted some notes to an edition of seven plays of 
 Sophocles printed by Mr. Bowyer. 
 
 In 1760 Mr. Markland printed in quarto, at the 
 expence of his friend William Hall, esq. of the 
 Temple, an excellent little treatise, under the title 
 of " De Gra3corum quinta Declinatione impari- 
 syllabica, et inde formata Latinorum tertia, Quses- 
 tio Grammatica," 4to. No more than forty copies 
 
186 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 having been printed, which were all given away, 
 it was annexed, in 17'63, to an edition of Euripi- 
 des's " Supplices Mulieres,'* 4to. This book was 
 published without the editor's name ; perhaps 
 owing to the discouragement shewn to critical 
 learning, as appears from a memorandum of his 
 own hand-writing in a copy of it, in which he says, 
 " There were only 250 copies printed, this kind 
 of study being at that time greatly neglected in 
 England. The writer of the notes was then old 
 and infirm ; and, having by him several things of 
 the same sort, wa'itten many years before, he did 
 not think it worth while to revise them ; and w^as 
 unwilling to leave them behind him as they were, 
 in many places not legible to any body but him- 
 self; for which reason he destroyed them. Pro- 
 bably it will be a long time, if ever, before this 
 sort of learning will revive in England ; in which 
 it is easy to foresee, that there must be a disturb- 
 ance in a few years, and all public disorders are 
 enemies to this sort of literature.'* In the same 
 dejected tone he speaks, in 1772> of the edition of 
 Euripides lately published : ** The Oxonians, I 
 hear, are about to publish Euripides in quarto ; 
 two volumes, I suppose. Dr. Musgrave helps 
 them with his collections, and perhaps conjectures. 
 In my opinion, this is no time for such works j I 
 mean for the undertakers.*' 
 
 These melancholy views of literary patronage 
 and support did not hinder Mr. Markland from 
 
JEREMIAH MARKLAND. 187 
 
 hazarding his little property on the more uncertain 
 issue of a law-suit, into which he was drawn by 
 the benevolence of his disposition. His primary 
 object in this affair, which occurred in 17()5, was 
 to support the widow with whom he lodged against 
 the injustice and oppression of her son, who, taking 
 advantage of maternal weakness, persuaded her to 
 assign over to him the whole of her property. The 
 consequence was a law-suit*, which, after an enor- 
 mous expence to Mr. Markland, was decided 
 against the widow; and his whole fortune, after 
 
 * " My engaging in a law-matter was much contrary to my 
 nature and inclination, and owing to nothing but compassion 
 (you give it a suspicious name when you call it tenderness, she 
 being in her 63d year, and I in my 74th) to see a very worthy 
 woman oppressed and deprived by her own son of every far- 
 thing she had in the world, and nothing left to subsist herself 
 and two children but what she received from me for board and 
 lodging ; and this too endeavoured by several bad and ridicu- 
 lous methods to be taken from her, and myself forced hence, 
 that they might compel her into their unjust measures ; not to 
 mention the lesser injuries, indignities, and insolences, which 
 were used towards her. Could I run away, and leave an afflicted 
 good woman and her children to starve, without the greatest 
 baseness, dishonour, and inhumanity ? Poor as I am, I would 
 rather have pawned the coat on my baok than have done it. I 
 speak this in the presence of God: and I appeal to Him, before 
 whom I must soon appear, that this is the true and only reason of 
 my acting in this matter ; and though I know that the conse- 
 quences of it will incommode me greatly, and almost ruin me, 
 yet I am sure I shall never repent of it." — Letter from Mr. 
 Markland, in Mr. Nichols's Bowyer. 
 
188 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 this event, was expended in relieving the dis- 
 tresses of the family. Some assistance he appears 
 to have derived from his friends ; but such was his 
 dislike of this kind of aid, that he could rarely be 
 prevailed upon to accept it. Yet at this time his 
 whole property, exclusive of his fellowship (about 
 seventy pounds a year), consisted of five hundred 
 pounds three per cent, reduced annuities ; and 
 part of the latter we find him cheerfully selling 
 out for the support of his poor friends, rather than 
 accept any loan or gift from his friends. He ap- 
 pears indeed about this time to have been weaning 
 himself from friendly connections, as well as his 
 customary pursuits. In October of this year he 
 even declined entering into a correspondence with 
 his old acquaintance Bishop Law, who wished to 
 serve, and desired Mr. Bowyer to write to the 
 Bishop, that " Mr. Markland is very old, being 
 within a few days of seventy-three, with weak eyes 
 and a shaking hand, so that he can neither read 
 nor write without trouble ; that he has scarce looked 
 into a Greek or Latin book for above these three 
 years, having given over all literary concerns j and 
 therefore it is your (Mr. Bowyer's) opinion, that 
 he (the Bishop) had much better not write to Mr. 
 Markland, which will only distress him ; but that 
 you are very sure that he will not now enter into 
 any correspondence of learning.'* At length, in 
 I7C8, after much negotiation, and every delicate 
 attention to his feelings, bis pupil (Mr. Strode) 
 
JEREMIAH MARKLAND. 189 
 
 prevailed on him to accept an annuity of one hun- 
 dred pounds, which, with the dividends arising 
 from his fellowship, was, from that time, the whole 
 of his income. 
 
 Fortunately for the world of letters, the notes 
 on the two " Iphigenias," which Mr. Markland at 
 one time intended to destroy, from despair of pub- 
 lic encouragement, were preserved and given by 
 him to Dr. Heberden, with permission to burn or 
 print them as he pleased ; but if the latter, then 
 they should be introduced by a short Latin dedi- 
 cation to Dr. Heberden, as a testimony of his gra- 
 titude for the many favours he had received from 
 that gentleman. Dr. Heberden, wdiose generosity 
 was unbounded, readily accepted the gift on Mr. 
 Markland's ow^n conditions, paid the whole ex- 
 pence of printing, as he had before done that of 
 the " Supplices Mulieres," and in 1770 had se- 
 cured a copy of it corrected for a second edition, 
 though at that time it was intended that the^r*^ 
 should not be published till after Mr. Markland's 
 death. He had then burnt all his notes, except 
 those on the New Testament; and the disposal of 
 his books became now to him a matter of serious 
 concern. He wished them to be in the hands of 
 Dr. Heberden, to whom he presented the greater 
 part during his life-time, and the remainder at his 
 death. These notes on the New Testament had 
 often made part of Mr. Markland's study, and 
 many of tliem have since appeared in Bowyer's 
 
190 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 ** Conjectures on the New Testament." They 
 were written in Kuster's edition. 
 
 Contrary to the original intention, his edition of 
 the "Two Iphigeni£E," which had been printed in 
 1768, 8vo, with a view to posthumous publication, 
 was given to the world in 1771) under the title of 
 *' Euripidis Dramata, Iphigenia in Aulide, et Iphi- 
 genia in Tauris ; ad codd, MSS. recensuit, et No- 
 tulas adjecit, Jer. Markland, Coll. D. Petri Cant. 
 Socius." Of this, the '* Supplices Mulieres," and 
 the " Qusestio Grammatica de Grascorum quinta 
 Declinatione imparisyllabica," &c. an elegant and 
 correct edition has just been published at Oxford, 
 in Svo and 4to, under the superintendance of one 
 of the most profound Greek scholars of the age, 
 Mr. Gainsford of Christ-church. 
 
 Repeated attacks of the gout, and an accumula- 
 tion of infirmities, at length put an end to Mr. 
 Markland's life, at Milton-court, July 7, I776, in 
 the eighty-third year of his age. His will was 
 short. He bequeathed his books and papers to 
 Dr. Heberden, and every thing else to Mrs. Mar- 
 tha Rose, the widow with whom he lived, and 
 whom he made sole executrix, although he had a sis- 
 ter, Catherine, then living, and not in good circum- 
 stances. This is the more remarkable, as we find in 
 his letters expressions of affectionate anxiety for this 
 sister; but he delayed making his will until the 
 year before his death, when his memory and faculties 
 were probably in some degree impaired. He had 
 
JEREMIAH MARKLAND. IQl 
 
 formerly entertained hopes of being able to make 
 some acknowledgments to Christ's Hospital for his 
 education, and to Peter-house, from which he had 
 for so many years received the chief part of his 
 maintenance ; but, to use his own words, *' as the 
 providence of God saw fit that it should be other- 
 wise, he was perfectly satisfied that it was better 
 it should be as it was.'* Immediately on his death, 
 his friend Mr. Strode and Mr. Nichols went to 
 Milton-court, to give directions for the funeral, 
 which was performed, strictly agreeable to his own 
 request, in the church of Dorking, where a brass 
 plate commemorates his learning and virtues. Se- 
 veral of his books, with a few manuscript notes in 
 them, after the death of Dr. Heberden, were sold 
 to Mr. Payne ; and some of them were purchased 
 by Mr. Gough, and others are now in the posses- 
 sion of Dr. Burney, Mr. Heber, Mr. Hibbert, &c. 
 To the above account, which is taken principally 
 from the new edition of the Biographical Dic- 
 tionary, Mr. Chalmers has added the following 
 summary of the character of Mr. Markland: "Such 
 are the outlines of the history of this excellent 
 scholar and critic. The most conspicuous trait in 
 his character was his singular and unwearied in- 
 dustry. The scholar, who secludes himself from 
 the world for the purposes of study, frequently 
 abandons himself to desultory reading, or at least 
 is occupied at intervals only, in deep and laborious 
 research. This, however, was not the case with 
 
192 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Markland. The years that successively rolled 
 over his head, in the course of a long life, con- 
 stantly found him engaged in his favourite pur- 
 suits, collating the classic authors of antiquity, or 
 illustrating the book of Revelation. Of the truth 
 of this remark, which we borrow from his amiable 
 relative, his correspondence affords sufficient testi- 
 mony ; and the proofs which he there displays, 
 even after he had passed his eighty-first year, of 
 vigour and clearness of intellect, are perfectly as- 
 tonishing. To this we may add what has recently 
 been said of Mr. Markland, that *for modesty, 
 candour, literary honesty, and courteousness to 
 other scholars, he has been considered as the mo- 
 del which ought to be proposed for the imitation 
 of every critic* With exception to the opinions 
 of Warburton and Hurd, which were concealed 
 when they might have been answered, and pub- 
 lished when they were not worth answering, his 
 deep and extensive learning appears, from the 
 concurrent testimony of his contemporaries and 
 survivors, to have been at all times most justly ap- 
 preciated ; and a tribute, of great value, has lately 
 been paid to his memory by Dr. Burney in his 
 preface to his ' Tentamen de Metris ab ^schylo 
 in Choricis Cantibus adhibitis,' where he places 
 him among the ' magnanimi heroes' of the eigh- 
 teenth century, Bentley, Dawes, Taylor, Toup, 
 Tyrwhitt, and Porson. 
 
 " It is to be regretted, however, that the ex- 
 
JEREMIAH MARKLAND. \9^ 
 
 splendour of his abilities was obscured by the ex- 
 treme privacy of his life, and the many peculiari- 
 ties of his disposition. The latter indeed seem to 
 have been produced by the former, and that by 
 some circumstances in his early life, which pre- 
 vented him from making a choice among the 
 learned professions. It is well known that Bishop 
 Hare would have provided for liim, if he would 
 have taken orders ; but what his reasons were for 
 declining them, we are not told. It may be in- 
 ferred from his correspondence that in maturer age 
 he had some scruples of the religious kind, but 
 these do not appear inconsistent with the liberty 
 which many great and good men have thought 
 consistent with subscription to the formularies of 
 the Church. By whatever means he was prevented 
 from taking orders, it appears to have been a mis- 
 fortune to him, as the patrons w^ho were the best 
 judges of his merit had no means of providing for 
 him in any other direction. If he ever fancied 
 that he could make his way through the world by 
 the talents of a mere scholar employed in writing, 
 we have evidence in his letters that he soon found 
 his mistake, and that in his time classical criticism 
 was not an article in great demand. Another rea- 
 son for his frequent despondency, and love of re- 
 tirement, appears to have been his interesting him- 
 self too much in the politics of the time, which he 
 always viewed through a gloomy medium. We 
 may, however, conclude this article with the 
 
194< MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 striking and just observation made by his pupil 
 Mr. Strode, in a letter to Mr. Nichols, that ' no 
 friend of Mr. Markland can reflect on his life 
 without great satisfaction, although, for the further 
 benefit of society, one might be led to wish some 
 few circumstances of it had been otherwise*.'" 
 
 Mr. Dyer, in his account of the learned men of 
 Peter House, says of Mr. Markland, " that he was 
 not rich ; indeed always poor: but too proud to be 
 querulous ; too frugal to be necessitous ; or, if 
 necessitous, only through being too benevolent. 
 Preferment was offered him in the Church if he 
 would take orders; and he twice refused the Greek 
 Professorship when offered him." 
 
 Browne, James, D. D. From Christ's Hospi- 
 dital he went to Cambridge, and was entered upon 
 Mr. Moses' establishment at Pembroke Hall, of 
 which he was afterwards (in the year 1771) elected 
 Master. He died in 1784. " I am not aware," 
 says Mr. Dyer, " he published any thing, but he 
 appears among Mr. Gray's correspondents, and 
 was, I think, one of his executors -}-." 
 
 * Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; who quotes Niehols's Bo wyer (in 
 which a much fuller account may be seen), '< with the addition 
 of some manuscript particulars and judicious remarks by James 
 H. Markland, esq. F.S. A. of the Temple, a relation of the Cri- 
 tic, obligingly communicated to the Editor. A large proportion 
 of the original letters of Mr. Markland is in this gentleman's 
 possession, and Mr. Burney and Mr. Nichols have likewise a 
 considerable number." 
 
 t Dyer's Cambridge. 
 
DR. PAUL WRIGHT. 195 
 
 Wright, Paul, D. D. From Christ's Hospital 
 he proceeded to Cambridge, where he took the 
 degrees of B. A. 1738 ; M. A. 1742 ; B. D. 1767 ; 
 and D. D. I778. He was presented by the Go- 
 vernors to the vicarage of Ukeley, with the paro- 
 chial chapel of Burden in Essex ; and also to the 
 rectory of Snoreham, in the same county, in 1739*- 
 He was also for some time Curate and Lecturer of 
 All Saints, Hertford. 
 
 In 17()3 was published, " A Stroke at Pubhc 
 Thanksgiving; in a Letter to the Rev. Mr. Wright, 
 on his Thanksgiving Sermon for the Peace ; with 
 a Postscript to Dr. Samuel Chandler on a similar 
 Subject." He published " A Sermon on the la- 
 mented Death of Isaac Whittington, Esq. one of 
 the Six Clerks in the Court of Chancery, preached 
 in the Parish Church of Oakley in Essex, May 16, 
 1773;'* and in that year he circulated proposals 
 for printing by subscription, in one volume quarto, 
 price one guinea. Sir Henry Chauncy's History 
 of St. Alban's and its Archdeaconry, continued to 
 the present time; with the Antiquities of Verulam ; 
 including, among other manuscript collections, 
 those of Mr. Webster, many years surgeon there, 
 whose drawings of various antiquities in that 
 
 * A remarkable peculiarity appertains to the rectory of 
 Snoreham ; it contains only a single farm-Iiouse ; and there is 
 no church belonging to the parish ; but once a year service is 
 performed under a tree. 
 
 O 2 
 
196 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 neighbourhood were to be engraved. On this 
 subject he publislied the following advertisement: 
 " Paul Wright, B. D. formerly Curate and Lec- 
 turer of All Saints, Hertford, having received some 
 MS papers relating to Sir Henry Chauncy's ele- 
 gant History of Hertfordshire, designs to publish 
 an accurate edition of that elaborate work, with 
 continuations to the present time; therefore hopes 
 for communications from the nobility, clergy, and 
 gentry of that County, directed to him at Oakley, 
 near Quendon, in Essex, post-paid. The editor 
 will not content himself with the communications 
 of the noble, the learned, and generous contri- 
 butors to this work ; but will visit every parish in 
 person in search of antiquities, that nothing may 
 be wanting to make this work as complete as pos- 
 sible. — Directions to Mr. Woodyer, bookseller, in 
 Cambridge, will be sent to the editor." 
 
 About the end of the year 1773 he published, 
 by subscription, " A Help to English History, 
 containing a Succession of all the Kings of Eng- 
 land, the English, Saxons, and the Britons ; the 
 Kings and Princes of Wales ; the Kings and Lords 
 of Man ; and the Isle of Wight, &c. &c. By Peter 
 Heylyn, D. D. Prebendary of Westminster. Im- 
 proved by the Rev. Paul Wright, B. D. F. S. A." 
 In May 1775, the History of St. Alban's was pro- 
 mised to be put to press as soon as the editor 
 should meet with sufficient encouragement, of 
 which he failed. He published, " Orphans and 
 
DR. PAUL WRIGHT. 4^ 197 
 
 Fatherless; a Sermon preached before the Lord 
 Mayor and Governors of the several Hospitals, at 
 Christ Church, Sept. 21, 1778." 
 
 In I78I he lent his name (such things have now 
 and then happened in similar works) to what was 
 called "The complete British Family Bible: being 
 a new universal Exposition and Commentary on 
 the Holy Scriptures: containing the Sacred Text of 
 the Old and New Testaments, with the Apocrypha, 
 at large. Illustrated with Notes and Annotations, 
 Theological, Critical, Moral, Historical, Practical, 
 Chronological, and Explanatory. Wherein all the 
 difficult and obscure Passages will be clearly ex- 
 plained ; the seeming Contradictions reconciled ; 
 the Mis-translations corrected ; former Errors rec- 
 tified ; the Objections of Deists and Infidels an- 
 swered ; the Prophecies and Parables faithfully 
 elucidated ; sublime Passages pointed out ; and 
 the Whole of Divine Revelation (upon which all 
 our Hopes of eternal Happiness depend) displayed 
 in its original Purity, and rendered easy, pleasant, 
 and profitable to every Capacity, both with respect 
 to Faith and Practice. With practical Reflections 
 and useful Admonitions at the End of each Chap- 
 ter, calculated to enlighten the Understanding, 
 purify the Heart, and promote the Cause of Vir- 
 tue and Piety; and thereby establish the Happiness 
 and Peace of Christian Families in this World, 
 and secure their eternal Salvation in the next. 
 To which will be added, a Connection of the Old 
 
198 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 and New Testaments ; the Lives of all the in- 
 spired Writers ; and many other Articles relating 
 to Jewish and Christian Antiquities, and other im- 
 portant Subjects, not to be found in any former 
 Commentator. This Work, being the Result of 
 more than forty Years' Study and Experience, will 
 be executed in a Manner far superior to most 
 Publications of the Sort, and will alone form an 
 universal Library of Christian Knowledge, Antient 
 and Modern. By Paul W^right, D.D. F.S.A. Vi- 
 car of Oakley, and Rector of Snoreham, in Essex, 
 and late of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. To be 
 completed in Eighty Numbers." 
 
 In August 1784 he communicated a Specimen 
 of his "Collections towards the History of Hert- 
 fordshire" to Mr. Urban ; which, he says, " may 
 afford some amusement to your readers, and shew, 
 that if a generous publick will support me, the 
 whole work shall be published. Other specimens 
 shall be occasionally communicated*." 
 
 Dr. Wright is thus noticed by the Rev. William 
 Cole, of Milton : 
 
 " He is Rector of Oakley, near Saffron- Walden, 
 in Essex ; and in I769, at the Commencement at 
 Cambridge, printed bills for a new edition, with 
 additions, of Sir Henry Chauncy's History of 
 Hertfordshire. He then plagued me for assist- 
 ance in it; but I soon found him to be a most odd 
 
 * Gent. Mag. vol. LI V. p. 745. 
 
DR. PAUL WRIGHT. 199 
 
 and extravagantly ridiculous person, and by no 
 means qualified to undertake sucli a work. He 
 wanted me and others in the University to sign a 
 paper of recommendation to be received a Mem- 
 ber of the Antiquarian Society, which I declined : 
 however, he got one somewhere ; for, in Decem- 
 ber 1770, he was admitted a Fellow of that So- 
 ciety. He is a married man ; and has a son a 
 jeweller, or goldsmith, in London (where the fa- 
 ther was born), and educated in St. Pauls School, 
 as he told me ; he then gave me a printed bill to 
 find his shop, if I wanted any thing in his way. 
 He has since printed a book on Heraldry (Mr. 
 Cole means a new edition of Heylyn's Help to His- 
 tory). At the Commencement, 1778> he proceeded 
 D.D. 
 
 *' Dr, Colman, the new Master of Bene't Col- 
 lege, told me, July 5, that he called upon him, 
 to see the book of St. Alban's, which he had to 
 his chamber, and shewed it to him ; but he could 
 not read it, though the most distinct and legible 
 hand I have met with. He told him, he meant to 
 visit him on Archbishop Parker's Anniversary, 
 Aug. 6. The Master told him, that he should be 
 then in Dorsetshire. Indeed I have met with few 
 people of his assurance. I was told, July 23, 1778, 
 that he was Rector of Snoring in Norfolk. To 
 publish himself in the Cambridge Chronicle rector 
 of Snoring and vicar of Ugli/, would have excited 
 a laugh in the University ; so when he put himself 
 
200 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 into the papers, D. D. and F. A. S, he suppressed 
 the Rectory *." 
 
 He died at his Vicarage of Ukeley, otherwise 
 Oakley, on the 8th of May, 1785. 
 
 Bowman, Thomas, Vicar of , co. Norfolk, 
 
 M. A. 1753, was author of a volume of Sermons, 
 and some theological tracts, favouring the Doc- 
 trines that were called Methodism, one of which is 
 a defence of those doctrines, in reference to the 
 Articles of the Church of England -}-, 
 
 Pentycross, Rev. Thomas, M. A. Rector of St. 
 Mary Wallingford, Berks, was born December 6, 
 1748. While at school he was particularly fond of 
 reading plays, the favourite passages of which he 
 would afterwards recite to the boys of his own 
 ward. He then prevailed upon some of his com- 
 panions to assist him in getting up a play, and, 
 converting their w^ardrobe as far as possible into 
 the dresses of actors, they went through the parts 
 most admired, doubtless with considerable applause 
 from " a brilliant and overflowing audience." It 
 is scarcely necessary to observe that upon these 
 occasions he was always considered the Roscius of 
 
 * " Literary Anerdotes of the Eighteenth Century," by Mr. 
 Nichols, 1815. 
 
 * Dyer's Cambridge. 
 
REV. THOMAS PENTYCROSS. 201 
 
 his company. This performance of the drama 
 occurred during his Monitorship, and the time for 
 exiiibiting was for an hour or two before the first 
 bell (six o'clock) in the light summer mornings. 
 The theatre, in all probability, opened about four, 
 and the performance might begin about five. 
 
 Soon after his appointment as Grecian, however, 
 a total change took place in the manners and ha- 
 bits of young Pentycross ; the player suddenly 
 turned preacher, and that to such a degree that he 
 was, if possible, more zealous in assembling the 
 boys around him to hear his sermons than he had 
 been before in exhibiting to them the beauties of 
 the poets. An old schoolfellow, who was after- 
 wards a Dissenting Minister, gives the following 
 account of the circumstance, by which it will ap- 
 pear that before he went to College, if he did not 
 return to his former habits, he at least left off 
 ])reaching : 
 
 " These morning theatrical exhibitions had not 
 continued long, before a sudden and evident 
 change took place in the mind, the pleasures, and 
 the conduct of the young Grecian. We had no 
 more theatrical exhibitions ; he no more spouted 
 his favourite passages. He appeared now to be 
 deeply impressed with eternal things. Coming 
 myself out of a family reputedly mcthodistical, 
 and being at times under serious impressions, he 
 soon attracted my notice, though younger than he; 
 and I narrowly watched his motions and actions. 
 
202 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 " Frequently, when walking up and down the 
 front, and myself in the hinder part of the ward, I 
 have heard him pour forth his soul ; at times in 
 pious ejaculations, and at others, in the most lively 
 and extatic exclamations of joy and gratitude. 
 Now, instead of diverting the boys as before, he 
 often collected them around him, to instruct them 
 in the things of God and religion. His concili- 
 ating manners soon reconciled them to the new 
 system. As the Sabbath evening was a dull and 
 leisure period to many boys, who had no book but 
 their Bible to read, he took that opportunity espe- 
 cially, to assemble them together in a secluded 
 place, and engaged them in prayer, singing, cate- 
 chizing, and expounding the holy Scriptures ; and 
 I believe he occasionally composed short sermons, 
 which he read to them. Many of the boys were 
 much gratified ; and I hope some were profited. 
 These religious exercises soon excited the prejudice 
 and opposition of the Nurse of the ward. She made 
 no objection to the theatrical performances ; but 
 now her enmity fully displayed itself. The affair 
 became a serious subject of dispute between her 
 and the Monitors. It was at last submitted to the 
 Steward; who, after judiciously investigating the 
 business, desired that the Grecian might not be 
 interrupted. The boys now triumphed over the 
 old Nurse's })rejudices ; and young Pentycross 
 continued these religious exercises till within a 
 short time of leaving the school ; and behaved with 
 
REV. THOMAS PENTYCROSS. 203 
 
 such becoming gravity and seriousness that he ob- 
 tained the appellation of the Bishop. His influ- 
 ence over the other boys tends to prove, that the 
 youthful mind, when suitable attractions are pre- 
 sented to it, may be easily led astray by folly, or 
 allured to virtue and the duties of religion. How- 
 ever, previous to his going to College, and espe- 
 cially for some time after, he seemed to have lost 
 the influence of religion.'* 
 
 From Christ's Hospital Mr. Pentycross pro- 
 ceeded to Pembroke College, where he afterwards 
 took his degrees. It appears that for some time 
 after joining the Collegians, he prosecuted his 
 studies without any serious thoughts of religion, 
 but afterwards becoming the companion of the 
 Rev. Rowland Hill, the Rev. Mr. De Coetlogon 
 (who forms the subject of the following memoir), 
 and the late Mr. Simpson, of Macclesfield, he was 
 confirmed in his former serious notions. In what- 
 ever Mr. Pentycross engaged, he seems to have 
 been an enthusiast, and he no sooner thought him- 
 self reclaimed than he laboured assiduously to re- 
 claim others ; his zeal not unfrequently involving 
 him in difiiculties. 
 
 In 1771 he entered into holy orders, and his first 
 appointment was to the ciu'acy of Hawley, near 
 Ryegate, Surrey. In 1774 he was presented 
 (through what is termed the evangelical interest) 
 to the rectory of St. Mary, Wallingford, in the 
 county of Berks, a living scarcely worth his 
 
204 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 acceptance ; but he was given to understand that 
 the deficiency would be made up by a subscrip- 
 tion. This, however, fell far short of what Mr. 
 Pentycross was led to expect, and for some years 
 he had to struggle with pecuniary difficulties, from 
 which he was extricated by devoting a portion of 
 his time to the instruction of the youth of the 
 neighbourhood. For this important duty he was 
 particularly qualified by his extensive learning and 
 his mild and conciliating manners ; and, as might 
 be expected, his success was such as to enable him 
 to retire in the evening of life with a sufficiency to 
 render it comfortable and happy. 
 
 Much opposition, it appears, was shewn to Mr. 
 Pentycross's appointment from the beginning, and 
 his zeal on one side gave rise to a similar feeling on 
 the other. His opponents were, after a short time, 
 joined by the very man that had applied to Mr. 
 Romaine (who advised Mr. Pentycross to accept 
 the living) to recommend them an evangelical 
 minister : and, after a long contest between the 
 two parties, various charges were made against him 
 to the Bishop, whose admonitions failing of the de- 
 sired effect, he was summoned to give an account 
 of his irregularities. The nature of the charges 
 was " crowding" the church, singing hymns, 
 speaking to the communicants at the Sacrament, 
 &c. &c. ; but owing to the friendly interference of 
 a clerical friend he appears to have got over the 
 difficulty with only a mild expostulation. About 
 
REV. THOMAS PENTYCllOSS. Q05 
 
 this time he entertained a notion of leaving the 
 Church, which the satisflictory adjustment of tlie 
 above dispute in all probability induced him to 
 abandon. 
 
 Mr. Pentycross seems to have been by no means 
 fixed in his religious opinions, but, on the con- 
 trary, to have adopted a variety in succession, and 
 to have returned at last to the point from whence 
 he started. As it does not come within the plan 
 of this w^ork to enter into the particulars of the re- 
 ligious controversies in which he was engaged, I 
 must refer the reader to the Evangelical Magazine 
 for December 1808, and conclude this notice of 
 them by an extract from a letter written, in his 
 own vindication, to a Dissenting Minister of his 
 acquaintance, a few months after their separation. 
 *' I am not at all moved," he says, " from the 
 doctrines of free, sovereign, distinguishing, perso- 
 nal grace and election, but more confirmed in 
 them than ever, on a thorough recent examination. 
 Yet this I confess appears also to be true, that pro- 
 vision is made in Christ for all the world : and the 
 only reason why any perish is, because they will 
 not come to him ; as also, the only reason why 
 any go to him, and get over the universal corrup- 
 tion and aversion to Christ is, because miraculously 
 and invincibly the Father draws them. 
 
 " If the professing world reject this doctrine as 
 Arminian, they know nothing of the opinions of 
 the best Calvinist writers j Usher, Davenant, Hall, 
 
206 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Preston, &c. However, I profess myself to be of 
 no party upon earth ; neither Calvinist, Arminian, 
 Baxterian, or any thing else, but a Bible Chris- 
 tian: as Gregory Nazianzen said, * Though I think 
 with Peter, I will be no Petraean ; though with 
 Paul, no Paulinian :' it is below the dignity of a 
 creature to be called by the name of a creature ; I 
 will take my denomination from the Creator. 
 This shall be my party name, a Christian.** 
 
 He relinquished his seminary, though strongly 
 urged to continue it, that he might retire, as he 
 said, from the bustle of life, and spend his remain- 
 ing days in preparing for his great change. 
 
 Nearly a year before his death, the symptoms of 
 decay began to appear. He tried the sea-air in 
 the autumn of the year 1808, but without any be- 
 nefit. He then began to lose his appetite, and his 
 strength gradually declined. Yet he continued his 
 public labour as long as possible, and often spoke 
 like a man fully sensible he was on the brink of 
 eternity. In a letter to a friend, written three or 
 four weeks before his death, he says, " I know not 
 whether my Lord is sending for me home by this 
 disorder; but he enables me to be found watching 
 for that event. All my fears are banished away, 
 and the most glorious hopes infused into me, by the 
 most adorable Father, Saviour, and Comforter.' 
 
 He became unable to derive any benefit from 
 medical aid, and sunk gradually, but without much 
 pain, into a lethargic state. Dozing much, he was 
 
REV. THOMAS PENTYCROSS. 207 
 
 generally unfit for convcrsijig with friends. When 
 he did speak to them, it was generally in the lan- 
 guage of tranquillity, resignation, and prayer; and 
 his earthly scene was closed on the 11th of Febru- 
 ary 1808, in the 60th year of his age. 
 
 Mr. Pentycross published in I78I a volume of 
 Sermons, addressed to his parishioners ; and at dif- 
 ferent times several single Sermons, among which 
 was an excellent one before the Missionary Society 
 in the year I796 ; and a small poem. He was 
 about the year I774 and I775 editor of the Gos- 
 pel Magazine, and wrote some of the principal 
 pieces in those volumes. He also greatly assisted 
 in the support of the Theological Repository. 
 
 " In ministerial fidelity and humility," says the 
 editor of the Evangelical Magazine, *' Mr. Penty- 
 cross was remarkably exemplary ; he was not per- 
 sonal, though familiar, impressive, and searching, 
 in his preaching. Possessed of a brilliant and 
 fervid imagination, he seemed sometimes to soar 
 above ordinary capacities on subjects of conjecture 
 or description ; but his only aim was, that he 
 might descend upon the conscience with the 
 greater rapidity and force. His inferences, and 
 his sudden appeals to the heart, frequently took 
 his hearers by surprise, and compelled their mo- 
 mentary assent at least to his theme. — In the pul- 
 pit, and in the parlour, he always appeared deeply 
 sensible of his own unworthiness. So far was he 
 from indulging in a boasting spirit, that we can 
 
208 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 safely aver, we never heard any contemporary 
 whatever express himself in such humiliating 
 terms as he, and with the most evident sincerity 
 of heart. 
 
 " But it was in the pulpit that he appeared most 
 in his element, and most advantageously, perhaps, 
 to his reputation. There he displayed great ori- 
 ginality of talent, a glowing fervour of zeal and 
 love, and an eloquence formed upon the peculiar 
 traits of several distinguished orators, whom he ad- 
 mired and insensibly imitated in his youth. We 
 might give many specimens of the torrents of his 
 eloquence ; but we must content ourselves w^ith 
 one : * Principalities and powers of darkness, the 
 gospel of Jesus Christ defies you. That august and 
 holy matron, the Church Universal, shakes her 
 head at you ; and, with Him who sitteth in the 
 heavens, laughs you to scorn. Annihilate Chris- 
 tianity ! Try first to depopulate Heaven, and ex- 
 punge creation. Your poison shall become medi- 
 cine to the Church ; your rage against it^iall be 
 its propagation, its perfection, its glory. Your 
 earthquakes, that overthrow mountains, shall only 
 fill up vallies, to make an immense level for the 
 grand Millennial Car of the Son of God.' 
 
 " When his blemishes are subtracted from his 
 character, his excellencies as a man, a Christian, 
 and a minister, remain such as we can hold up for 
 the imitation of his brethren who survive, to fdlfil 
 the designs, to extend the kingdom, and to disse- 
 
REV. THOMAS PENTYCROSS. 209 
 
 ruinate the glory of our adorable Redeemer in the 
 world. 
 
 *' For some years he occasionally preached in 
 Lady Huntingdon's principal chapels ; and main- 
 tained an intimate correspondence with her Lady- 
 ship. She was much attached to his preaching ; 
 and his services were very acceptable and useful 
 among her different congregations ; and indeed, 
 wherever he went, his talents and zeal, his elo- 
 quence and piety, commanded universal esteem *." 
 
 De Coetlogon, Rev. Charles Edward, was 
 the son of the Chevalier Dennis de Coetlogon, 
 Knight of St. Lazare, Member of the Academy 
 of Angers, and author of a Dictionary of Arts and 
 Sciences, published in 1740. From Christ's Hos- 
 pital Charles Edward proceeded, with indications 
 of subsequent worth, to Pembroke Hall, where he 
 took the degree of B. A. I77O ; M. A. 1773. 
 
 Mr. De Coetlogon had the good fortune, on 
 coming into public life, to acquire the particular 
 patronage of the late Earl of Dysart and Sir Sid- 
 ney Stafford Smythe. Being appointed Assistant 
 Chaplain to the celebrated Martyn Madan at the 
 Lock Hospital, he soon became eminent as a po- 
 pular preacher, and published several single ser- 
 mons ; " The Divine Message ; or, the most im- 
 
 * Evangelical Magazine, lor Nov. 1S08. 
 P 
 
210 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 portant Truths of Revelation represented, in a 
 Sermon upon Judges iii. 20; designed as an Anti- 
 dote to the dangerous and spreading Evils of Infi- 
 delity, Arianism, and Immorality,'' 1773, 8vo. 
 " National Prosperity and National Religion inse- 
 parably connected," 1777, 8vo. " The Nature, 
 Necessity, and Advantage, of the Religious Ob- 
 servance of the Sabbath, illustrated, &c. ; for the 
 Encouragement of a Society for suppressing the 
 Profanation of the Lord's Day," 1777, 8vo. 
 " Youth's Monitor, or the Death of Mr. John 
 Parsons, preached Aug. 17, 1777, at St. Sepul- 
 chre's," 8vo. " The Death of the Righteous a 
 public Loss ; a Token of Respect to the Memory 
 of the Right Hon. Sir Sidney Stafford Smythe, late 
 Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and one of 
 His Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council," 
 1778, 8vo. " A Seasonable Caution against the 
 Abominations of the Church of Rome," 1779, 
 12mo. *' The Scripture Doctrine of Grace ex- 
 plained, in a Commemoration Sermon upon the 
 Conversion of St. Paul," I78O, 8vo. "Repentance 
 and Remission of Sins in the Name of Jesus illus- 
 trated ; before the Sheriffs of London, to about 
 300 Prisoners, of whom 23 were under Sentence 
 of Death," 1784, 8vo. 
 
 In the year 1789 Mr. Alderman Pickett, on 
 being elected Lord Mayor of London, appointed 
 Mr. De Coetlogon his Ciiaplain j and, in that 
 capacity, he preached the ten following Sermons : 
 
REV. C. E. DE COETLOGON. 211 
 
 " The Test of Truth, Piety, and Allegiance ; a 
 Sermon delivered on the Day of Sacramental 
 Qualification for the Chief Magistracy of the 
 City of London, before the Kight Hon. the 
 Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, and Sheriffs; contain- 
 ing a Defence of the Test Act." " Religion and 
 Loyalty, the grand Support of the British Empire; 
 a Sermon delivered in the Cathedral of St. Paul, 
 January 30, 1790, before the Right Hon. the Lord 
 Mayor, &c. &c. being the Anniversary of the Mar- 
 tyrdom of King Charles L" " The Essential 
 Deity of the Messiah ; and the great Importance 
 of that Article of the Christian Faith to every con- 
 scientious Member of the Church of England con- 
 sidered ; in a Sermon preached in the Cathedral 
 Church of St. Paul, Jan. 21, I79O, being the first 
 Sunday in Hilary Term." " Scriptural Views of 
 the National Establishment, considered as the 
 Church of the Living God, and as the Pillar and 
 Ground of the Truth; a Charity Sermon, preached 
 before the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, Sec. &c. 
 at the Opening of St. Michael's Church, on Sun- 
 day the 28th of March 179O, being Palm Sunday, 
 containing a liberal Defence of the Doctrines, Li- 
 turgy, and Ceremonies of the Church of England.** 
 *' The Harmony between Religion and Policy, or 
 Divine and Pluman Legislation ; a Sermon deli- 
 vered before the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, 
 Judges, &c. at St. Paul's Cathedral, on Sunday the 
 25th of April, 1790, being the First Sunday in 
 p 2 
 
212 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Easter Term." ** The Surprize of Death ; a Com- 
 memorative Sermon on the Character, Sufferings, 
 and Crucifixion of the Son of God, delivered in 
 St. Paul's Cathedral, before the Right Hon. the 
 Lord Mayor, &c. &c. April 2, 1790, being Good 
 Friday." " National Gratitude for Providential 
 Goodness recommended in a Sermon preached be- 
 fore the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, &c. &c. 
 May 29, 1790, being the Anniversary of the Re- 
 storation of King Charles II. ; containing Stric- 
 tures on the Reformation, Restoration, and Revo- 
 lution." " The True Citizen characterized ; a 
 Sermon delivered before the Right Hon. the Lord 
 Mayor, &c. and the Liveries of the several Com- 
 panies of the City, at the Parish Church of St. 
 Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside, September 29, 1790, 
 being the day of Election of the Chief Magistrates 
 of the City of London." " God and the King ; a 
 Sermon delivered in the Cathedral Church of St. 
 Paul, before the Right Plon. the Lord Mayor, &c. 
 &c. Oct. 25, 1790, being the Anniversary of his 
 Majesty's Accession to the Throne." '* Pious Me- 
 morials a Public Good ; a Sermon preached at St. 
 Paul's Cathedral before the Right Hon. the Lord 
 Mayor, &c. Nov. 5, I79O ;" all which were pub- 
 lished by order of the Courts of Aldermen and 
 Common Council. Subsequently collected into a 
 volume, these discourses, which had attracted 
 much attention in the delivery of them, were 
 greatly canvassed ; and they will be found almost 
 
REV. C. E. DE COETLOGON. 213 
 
 equally pertinent to the present state of the Bri. 
 tish Empire, both Civil and Ecclesiastical. 
 
 Mr. De Coetlogon was soon after presented to 
 the Rectory of Godstone in Surrey (vacant by the 
 death of the famous John Kidgell); and afterwards 
 published, " The Grace of Christ in Redemption, 
 enforced as a Model of sublime Charity; in a Ser- 
 mon preached at St. Giles's, Cripplcgate, on Sun- 
 day, Dec. 3, 1793 J and published by particular 
 Desire, for the Benefit of the Spitalfields Weavers, 
 1794-. [The Design of this Discourse was, " to 
 add to a collection then making, and which was 
 rendered necessary by the uncommon distresses of 
 more than 20,000 objects, men, Vvomen, and chil- 
 dren ; pining in a state of extreme want, not 
 arising from indiscretion, idleness, or profligacy, 
 but from a defect in a particular branch of com- 
 merce."] " The Life of the Just, exemplified in 
 the Character of the late Rev. W. Romaine, A.M. 
 179.^." The " Portraiture of the Christian Peni- 
 tent," in two volumes ; an excellent volume of 
 *' Sermons on the Fifty-first Psalm ;'* " The Tem- 
 ple of Truth," 1800 ; and " Studies adapted to the 
 Temple of Truth," 1809, which were extended to 
 three volumes. 
 
 The following character of Mr. De Coetlogon is 
 extracted from volume II. of ** Onesimus, or the 
 Pulpit:" 
 
 '* Mr. De Coetlogon remains a noble specimen 
 of the genuine extemporary school. He stands 
 
214 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 * As when of old some orator renowned 
 In Athens, or free Rome, where eloquence 
 Flourish'd, suice mute, to some great cause address'd, 
 Stood in himself collected ; while each part. 
 Motion, each act, won audience, ere the tongue.' 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Nothing of person can be delineated more inte- 
 resting than the figure of this preacher. His 
 height, form, manner, and gesture, all speak him 
 great. There is apostolical impressiveness in him. 
 These requisites form, however, his inferior worth. 
 It is 'the pearl of great price,' which is found in 
 him, that makes him all that he is. He knows 
 nothing of a rtefined Religion ; of the still modern- 
 ising Theology of these times ; of an accommo- 
 dated, and accommodating, scheme for the salva- 
 tion of men. It is in the old way, through the old 
 truth, that he pleads for life ! The powers of Mr. 
 De Coetlogon are great. Whether he be esti- 
 mated as to manner or matter, — as to the great 
 and high importance of what he says, — talents and 
 learning he most unquestionably both possesses and 
 exerts. It has been confidently rumoured, without 
 denial, that the same able genius bore its full share 
 of contribution towards those classical citations 
 which adorned the celebrated ' Pursuits of Litera- 
 ture,* — a rumour that will not easily be discredited 
 by any person who attentively peruses the Notes 
 to his National Jubilee. Respecting Divinity, be- 
 sides his Tracts and Sermons, the opinions of Mr. 
 De Coetlogon are explicitly avow^^in the Theo- 
 
REV. C. E. DE COETLOGON. ^15 
 
 logical Miscellany, in seven volumes, wliicli was 
 edited by him; and may also be inferred from the 
 manner in which he urged into notice the Treatises 
 of President Edwards, especially those on Original 
 Sin, the Freedom of the Human Will, and his His- 
 tory of Redemption *.** 
 
 Mr. De Coetlogon died September l6, 1820. 
 
 Penn, Rev. John, LL. B. of Beccles in the 
 county of Suffolk; died there in August 1814, in 
 the 71st year of his age. He published " Ser- 
 mons on various Subjects," 2 volumes 8vo, 1792. 
 
 Prince, Rev. John, M. A. Vicar of Enford, 
 Wilts, and Chaplain to the Magdalen Hospital, in 
 which situation his exemplary conduct and indefa- 
 tigable zeal for the interest of the establishment 
 have called forth several well-merited eulogiums. 
 In 1809 Mr. Prince published, " Church Unity, a 
 Sermon, preached at East Lavington, at the Visi- 
 tation of the Archdeacon of Sarum," 8vo. Mr. 
 Prince is also one of the Examiners of Christ's 
 Hospital. 
 
 Neale, Daniel, M. A. was author of one or 
 two theological pieces, and of a volume of Hymns. 
 He became a Dissenting Minister, and settled 
 with a congregation in London -j~. 
 * Gent. Mag. vol. XC. pt. ii. pp. 371, '2. t Dyer's Cambridge. 
 
216 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Dyer, George, a popular writer, and pleasing 
 poet, was born in 175,5. Being intended for the 
 Church, he was sent, upon leaving the Hospital, to 
 Cambridge, and entered of Emanuel College. Af- 
 ter taking the degree of B. A. Mr. Dyer, from con- 
 scientious motives, relinquished all hopes of eccle- 
 siastical preferment, joined the Dissenters, and was 
 for some time one of their preachers. After a con- 
 nexion of about four years' standing he left the 
 Dissenters (on his coming to reside in London), and 
 engaged in political inquiries. His reasons for 
 this step are detailed in a letter addressed to a dis- 
 senting minister at Cambridge (Rev. Mr. R. Hall), 
 and may be seen in the preface to the second edi- 
 tion of his " Inquiry into the Nature of Subscrip- 
 tion to the Thirty-nine Articles." 
 
 Mr. Dyer's first engagement in London was as 
 a reporter of the debates of the House of Com- 
 mons ; after which, he was employed in giving pri- 
 vate instructions in the Greek and Latin Classics, 
 and in writing for various periodical publications. 
 He is now a resident of CHfford's-inn, and has 
 published, " An Inquiry into the Nature of Sub- 
 scription to the Thirty-nine Articles," Svo, i790 ; 
 second edition, greatly enlarged, 1792; "a work 
 (say the editors of the ' Living Authors,* 1798,) 
 which has been a great deal read.'* In 1792 he 
 published a volume of " Poems," which the same 
 editors describe as sensible and nervous. In 1793 
 
GEORGE DYER 217 
 
 appeared " The Complaints of tlie Poor Peoj)le of 
 England," an octavo pamphlet; which was fol- 
 lowed by " An Account of New South Wales ; with 
 a Sketch of the Character of Thomas Fysche Pal- 
 mer, B.D. late Senior Fellow^ of Queen's College, 
 Cambridge," 8vo, 1791^ " A Dissertation on the 
 Theory and Practice of Benevolence," which con- 
 tains various plans or schemes to direct the bene- 
 volent, and more particularly a plan of a charity- 
 school for poor children to be supported by the 
 children of the ricli ; in one volume 8vo, 1795. 
 " Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Robert 
 Robinson, late Minister of the Dissenting Congre- 
 gation in St. Andrew's Parish, Cambridge," 8vo, 
 1796. '' The Poet's Fate," a poetical dialogue, 
 8vo, 1797- " An English Prologue and Epilogue 
 to the Latin Comedy of Ignoramus, written by 
 George F. Ruggle, Fellow of Clare Hall, Cam- 
 bridge, during the Reign of King James I. with 
 Notes relating to Modern Times," 8vo, I797. 
 " Address to the People of Great Britain on the 
 Doctrine of Libels and tlie Office of Jurors," 8vo, 
 1799. " Poems, and Critical Essays on various 
 Branches of Poetry," 2 vols. 1802. " Poetics ; 
 or a Series of Poems and Disquisitions on Poetry," 
 2 vols, crown 8vo, 1812. 
 
 The following extract from the " Poetics," has 
 been selected, not as being Mr. Dyer's best pro- 
 duction, but as applicable to the subject : 
 
518 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 LINES MEDITATED IN THE CLOISTERS OF CHRIST S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Now cease, my song, the plaintive strain ; 
 
 Now hush'd be Pity's tender sigh ; 
 Wliile Mem'ry wakes her fairy-train, 
 
 And young Delight sits laughing by : 
 Return, each hour of rosy hue, 
 
 In smiles, and pranks, and garlands gay, 
 Playful of wing as when ye flew, 
 
 Ev'ry month then seeming May ; 
 While, as Invention wak'd the mimic powers. 
 Genius, still wand'ring wild, sigh'd for enchanted bowers. 
 
 Then, too, in antic vestment drest, 
 
 Pastime would lightly trip along. 
 Throwing around the ready jest, 
 
 Satire and sting, or simple song ; 
 And merry Mischief oft would weave 
 
 The wanton trick for little hearts ; 
 Nor Love a tender vot'ry grieve ; 
 
 Soft were his hands, nor keen his darts : 
 While Friendship, with a gay enthusiast glow, 
 Gave her full half of bliss, and took her share of woe. 
 
 And, what though round a youthful spring 
 
 A lowering storm may sometimes rise ; 
 Hope her soul-soothing strain can sing, 
 
 Quickly can brighten up the skies. 
 How sweetly pass'd my youth's gay prime ! 
 
 For not untuneful was my tongue : 
 And, as I tried the classic rhyme. 
 
 The critic school-boy prais'd my song : 
 
 Nor did mine eye not catch the orient ray, 
 
 That promis'd fair to gild Ambition's distant day. 
 
 I 
 
GEORGE DYER. 219 
 
 Ah ! pleasing, gloomy cloister-shade, 
 
 Still, still this wavering breast inspire! 
 Here, lost in rapt'rous trance, I stray'd, 
 
 Here saw with horror spectres dire ! 
 For, soon as day dark-veil'd its head. 
 
 With hollow cheek and haggard eye. 
 Pale ghosts would flit from yon death-bed, 
 
 And stalk with step terrific by ! 
 Till the young heart would freeze with wild affright, 
 And store the dismal tale to cheer a winter's night ! 
 
 How like the spirit of the place, 
 
 Good Edward's form here seem'd to move ! 
 As lingering still its growth to trace. 
 
 With all a Founder's, Guardian's love ! 
 How of his name each syllable 
 
 Repeated oft, on youthful ears 
 Like no unholy charm would dwell, 
 
 And mingle fondness with the prayers ! 
 While still the day, made sacred by his birth. 
 Brought with the rolling year memorials of his worth. 
 
 Yet, what avails the school-boy's praise. 
 
 Though taking Gratitude's sweet name. 
 The stately monument to raise 
 
 Of royal Edward's lasting fame ? 
 Though never on thy youthful brow 
 
 Flaunted the helmet's towering crest, 
 Though ne'er, as martial Glory led. 
 
 The corslet sparkled on thy breast ; 
 Yet, blameless youth, to worth so true as thine, 
 Virtue herself might weave her purest virgin line. 
 
 But, ah! what means the silent tear? 
 Why e'en mid joy my bosom heave ! 
 
220 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Ye long-lost scenes, enchantments dear ! 
 
 Lo ! now I linger o'er your grave ! 
 — Fly, then, ye hours of rosy hue, 
 
 And bear away the bloom of years ! 
 And quick succeed, ye sickly crew 
 
 Of doubts and sorrows, pains and fears ! 
 Still will I ponder Fate's unalter'd plan, 
 Nor tracing back the child forget that I am man. 
 
 The " Poetics" appear to be left incomplete, as 
 the preface indicates them to have been completed 
 in four, of which two volumes only have been 
 published. 
 
 In 1813 Mr. Dyer published " Four Letters on 
 the English Constitution: I. On different Opinions 
 concerning the English Constitution ; II. on its 
 Principles ; III. on its Defects ; IV. on the best 
 Means of promoting its fundamental Principles ;'* 
 8vo. In 1814 appeared his " History of the 
 University and different Colleges of Cambridge," 
 2 volumes, large 8vo, a work to which I am in- 
 debted for some valuable information. 
 
 Some years since Mr. Dyer announced his in- 
 tention of publishing '' The Privileges of the Uni- 
 versity of Cambridge ; containing a chronological 
 Table of all its Charters, with their Titles, from 
 the earliest to more modern Times ; arranged in 
 exact Order, according to the Christian ^ra, and 
 the Kings of England ; together wath a Series of 
 the principal Charters themselves; comprehending 
 also, the Statutes of Queen Elizabeth : with va- 
 rious other public Instruments and Documents, 
 
GEORGE D\^K. 221 
 
 relating to the University, and intended to serve 
 as a Fasti, or a Summary of Annals to its His- 
 tory. Made from Papers of undoubted Authenti- 
 city and Authority," in two volumes, large 8vo. 
 In tlie first volume (the greater part of which will 
 be in Latin, with a Latin Dissertation by the Edi- 
 tor,) will be introduced the plan for improvements 
 in the buildings and grounds in Cambridge, pro- 
 posed by the late Lancelot Brown, esq. and the 
 Rev. George Ashby, B. D. formerly President of 
 St. John's College, relating both to the University 
 and Town. " It was the editor's intention, at first, 
 to print this work in one volume, large octavo, at a 
 guinea, and agreeably thereto proposals were is- 
 sued. But he was attempting what could not be 
 executed : each part grew upon his hands ; the 
 biographical more particularly seemed to widen, 
 as he went, and the more so in proportion as he 
 approached nearer to modern times. He there- 
 fore had no alternative : he was obliged to enlarge 
 his plan ; and instead of one volume, as he origi- 
 nally intended, he now proposes to publish two *." 
 This publication I have now much pleasure in 
 stating is nearly finished, and would have appeared 
 some time back had not the author been much 
 engaged in giving an account, or Literaria Notitia^ 
 of the Editions and Translations of the Latin 
 Classics, together with an account of the manu- 
 scripts of them in our public libraries, for Mr. 
 Valpy's splendid edition of the Latin Classics. 
 
 * Vide Prospectus. 
 
S22 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 In 1819 Mr. Dyer, at the particular request of 
 his friend Mr. Henry Meyer, sat to that gentleman 
 for his portrait, on condition, it appears, that he 
 would also take that of his favourite dog Daphne. 
 The portrait appeared in the Exhibition at the 
 Royal Academy, 1821, and has been generally 
 approved as a correct likeness. Mr. Dyer thought 
 proper to explain the matter in the following 
 poem, communicated to the editors of the Gentle- 
 man's Magazine : 
 
 Meyer, I blush, I almost grieve, to see 
 Such waste of genius, in decyphering me, 
 (One, who so little could your art bestead. 
 Save on his shoulders that he had a head) ; 
 And, after all, get nothing for your pains, 
 The pleasure, or the labour, all your gains ; 
 Though if you pleasure seek, you need no pelf, 
 If labour, you have amply paid yourself. 
 For poor would be your pay, should I commend 
 The faithful artist, and the generous friend. 
 
 And yet, though poor your pay, you more would have 
 Than to his Artist richer Milton gave : 
 The Poet in his Painter thought to find 
 One who could give to life his manly mind. 
 One who, perchance, could give his youthful grace, 
 His eye of lustre, and his lady's face *". 
 In vain he look'd — so gave no sprig of fame. 
 But mark'd his Artist with a blunderer's name. 
 Though, not to make his men of England squeak, 
 Damn'd not in mother-tongue, but Heathen-Greek. 
 
 * " Milton, it is well known, was remakably handsome, and 
 when at College, was called the Lady of Christ's College." 
 
GEORGE DYER. 223 
 
 Yet mark th' event how Milton here was foil'd ! 
 How on himself the mischief has recoil'd ! 
 Those lines, in which he has so proudly blam'd 
 His Artist's blunders, have his own proclaim'd *. 
 Sure this great Poet was for once an elf, 
 Through his poor Painter thus to strike himself. 
 
 But small is my self-knowledge ; from my glass 
 I ne'er could read what in my mind might pass : 
 Nor in so frail a mirror could I trace 
 What might recal to me my living face ; 
 Nor could, like Libyan tigress fj should I guess, 
 My image seen, that image much caress ; 
 So to myself myself was never shown, 
 My outer, as my inner man, unknown ; 
 And, if my like in others I might see, 
 Like, or unlike, it was alike to me : 
 But if, as others say, your hand has well 
 Shewn who, and what I am, then can I tell. 
 All that your hand has been too long about. 
 All that your genius has at length brought out ; 
 A little thought, o'erclouded with some care. 
 Something of weakness, which I well could spare, 
 
 * " It must be supposed, that Milton when he wrote his four 
 Greek lines, abusing his painter, w^as a young man, and the pru- 
 dence of his editors may be questioned, in retaining them 
 among his works. Dr. Burney has fully shewn, that in these 
 four lines there are as many examples of false quantities and 
 bad Greek. See his Appendix to Warton's edition of ' Milton's 
 Poems on several occasions.' Lond. 1781." 
 
 t " Alludes to what is reported by antient writers of the Libyan 
 hunters, who, it was said, if pursued by a tigress, would leave 
 some sort of mirror in her way, in which the animal, seeing her 
 own image, would stop, and caress it, conceiving it to be a 
 reality ; the hunter, by this artifice, had an opportunity to 
 escape." 
 
224 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Something which seldom seems to reach its end, 
 Anxious, but little able, to befriend. 
 
 My mental something, like my visual sight, 
 Still seeking, often wandering from the right ; 
 Yet with some fear of Him, from whom I came, 
 Who gave me life, and made me what I am ; 
 With what still cheers my age, as in my youth, 
 Some love of Liberty, and love of Truth. 
 If such, though mean the archetype, your art, 
 Then have you well perform'd the Painter's part. 
 If a frail creature you have thus exprest, 
 My friends may give you credit for the rest : 
 That ere I yet had reach'd the age of men, 
 Ere quite fulfill'd my threescore years and ten. 
 Ere I was yet quite number'd with the dead. 
 You did, with gentlest hand, take off my head ; 
 And, not content with that, did, in the end, 
 Take off the head of my four-footed friend : 
 For my own fate, you the whole blame must bear, 
 But for poor Daphne's I will take my share. 
 
 Richards, Rev. George, D. D. F. S. A. From 
 Christ's Hospital Mr. Richards proceeded to Oriel 
 College, where he took his Master's degree in 
 1791, and obtained a Fellowship. Previous to this 
 he published " An Essay on the Characteristic 
 Differences between Ancient and Modern Poems, 
 and the several Causes from which tliey result," 
 1789, 8vo. In 1791, Mr. Richards published, 
 *' The Aboriginal Britons, a Prize Poem," 4to. 
 This poem was publicly recited at Oxford, and in 
 consequence of the prize being adjudged to the 
 
REV. GEORGE RICHARDS. 225 
 
 author, had such a run that the whole of the first 
 edition was sold on tlie day of publication. The 
 second edition was published in 1792; and the 
 poem was re-printed in the author's "Poetical 
 Works/' and also in a " Collection of Oxford 
 Prize Poems." 
 
 Mr. Richards has since published "Songs of the 
 Aboriginal Bards of Britain," 1792, 4to. " Mo- 
 dern France, a Poem," 1793, 4to. '* Matilda, or 
 the Dying Penitent, a poetical Epistle," 1795, 4to. 
 " The Divine Origin of Prophecy, in a Course of 
 Sermons at the Bampton Lecture," 1800, 8vo. 
 " Miscellaneous Poems," 1803, 2 vols, crown 8vo. 
 '< Emma, a Drama," 1804, 12mo. ** Odin, a 
 Drama," 1804, 12mo ; and a " Monody on the 
 Death of Lord Viscount Nelson," 1806, 4to. 
 
 Field, Matthew, M. A. 1775, Fellow of Ema- 
 nuel College, Cambridge. He was the author of 
 a tlramatic piece, intituled, *' Vertumnus and Po- 
 mona ;" and for many years one of the Masters. 
 
 Middleton, Thomas Fanshaw, D. D. Lord 
 Bishop of Calcutta. From Christ's Hospital this 
 learned prelate went to Je^us College, Cambridge, 
 where he took the degrees of B. A. 1792 ; M. A. 
 1795 ; and B. and D. D. in 1810. His first 
 church-preferment was a living in Northampton- 
 Q. 
 
^26 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 shire, where he published a periodical essay with- 
 out his name, intituled, *'The Country Spectator." 
 Through his alliance with the family of the Bishop 
 of Winchester, he was presented to the valuable 
 vicarage of St. Pancras, Middlesex, and the Arch- 
 deaconry of Huntingdon. 
 
 In 1808 Dr. Middleton published, *' The Doc- 
 trine of the Greek Article applied to the Illustra- 
 tion of the New Testament," 8vo ; which was fol- 
 lowed by " Christ divided, a Sermon, preached at 
 the triennial Visitation of the Bishop of Lincoln,'* 
 1809, 8vo ; « A Charge delivered to the Archdea- 
 conry of Huntingdon," 1812, 4to; and in the same 
 year, " Address to the Parishioners of St. Pancras, 
 Middlesex, on the intended Application to Parlia- 
 ment for a New Church,*' 8vo. This publication, 
 and his exertions to obtain the Act of Parliament, 
 rendered Dr. Middleton an object of malignant 
 hostility, especially by the Dissenters, whose 
 zealous perseverance defeated the measure. The 
 injustice of this treatment may be seen by its 
 being stated that the parish contains little short of 
 100,000 souls, and that the old church could not 
 accommodate a congregation of more than 300. 
 
 To the foregoing publications may be added, 
 " A Charge delivered before the Society for Pro- 
 moting Christian Knowledge, March 23, 1813, to 
 the Rev. C. A. Jacobs, then about to proceed to 
 India as one of their Missionaries,'* 1815, 8vo. 
 
 In 1814 Dr. Middleton was selected by Govern- 
 
DR. THOMAS FANSHAW MIDDLETON. 227 
 
 ment as the most proper person to preside over 
 the new ecclesiastical establishment in British In- 
 dia, and he was accordingly consecrated Bishop of 
 Calcutta in the Archiepiscopal Palace at Lambeth, 
 and soon after took his departure for Calcutta. 
 
 Coleridge, S. T. the youngest son of the late 
 Ilev^ John Coleridge, was born in I773 at Ottery 
 St. Mary, co. Devon, of which parish his father 
 was for many years vicar. 
 
 While in the school, and even before his fifteenth 
 year, he had bewildered himself in metaphysical 
 speculations and theological controversy. " No- 
 thing else," he says, " pleased me. History and 
 particular facts lost all interest in my mind. 
 Poetry (though for a school-boy of that age I was 
 above par in English versification, and had already 
 produced two or three compositions, which, I may 
 venture to say, without reference to my age, were 
 somewhat above mediocrity, and which had gained 
 me more credit than the sound good sense of my old 
 master was at all pleased with), poetry itself, yea 
 novels and romances, became insipid to me. In 
 my friendless wanderings on our leave-days (for I 
 was an orphan, and had scarce any connexions in 
 London), highly was I delighted if any passenger, 
 especially if he were dressed in black, would enter 
 into conversation with me. For soon I found the 
 means of directing it to my favourite subjects, 
 a2 
 
228 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 * Of Providence, fore-knowledge, will, and fate, 
 Fix'd fate, free will, fore-knowledge, absolute, 
 And found no end in wandering mazes lost'. " 
 
 From this preposterous pursuit he was called, at 
 least for a considerable time, by an accidental ac- 
 quaintance with a very amiable family, and chiefly 
 by the poetry of Mr. Bowles. 
 
 At the age of nineteen he proceeded to Jesus 
 College, Cambridge, but it does not appear that 
 he either graduated or became a candidate for the 
 literary honours of the University; indeed, little is 
 known of his academical history, further than that 
 he assisted one of his friends in the composition of 
 an Essay on EngUsh Poetry, intended for a society 
 at Exeter, but which did not appear in the volume 
 published by them. 1 
 
 In 1794 Mr. Coleridge published a collection of ' 
 juvenile poems, which was favourably received by 
 thepublick, and spoken of by the reviewers as the 
 buds of hope and promises of better works to come. 
 They however objected to their obscurity, a gene- 
 ral turgidness of diction, and a profusion of new- 
 coined double epithets. Instead of feeling indig- 
 nant at this reproof, the author judiciously availed 
 himself of the censures that were bestowed, for the 
 correction of these parasitical plants of youthful 
 poetry. The same year he produced " The Fall 
 of Robespierre, an Historic Drama," in which the 
 conventional speeches were happily versified, and 
 the sentiments expressed in language classically 
 
, S. T. COLERIDGE. 229 
 
 correct, and uncommonly vigorous. The French 
 revolution had at this time turned the lieads of 
 many persons, and where heads grown grey in 
 knowledge and experience of the world erred 
 grossly in judgment, it was not surprising that 
 young and ardent minds should become enthusias- 
 tically extravagant. This was the case with Mr. 
 Coleridge, who, in conjunction with Mr. Southey 
 and Mr. R. Lovell, with whom he had formed a 
 close intimacy, began to project schemes for ame- 
 liorating the condition of human society. They 
 commenced their operations at Bristol in a course 
 of lectures delivered by Mr. Coleridge with consi- 
 derable applause. He published also while there 
 two political pamphlets, one intituled, '* Conciones 
 ad Populum," or Addresses to the People; and 
 the other, *' A Protest against certain Bills then 
 pending for suppressing Seditious Meetings." 
 
 Mr. Coleridge's next publication was, '* The 
 Watchman,'* a weekly paper, established for the 
 purpose of diffusing his new political doctrines ; 
 but this was found to be a bad speculation, and, 
 after publishing ten numbers, the Watchman was 
 discontinued. This disappointment of his expec- 
 tations was in some measure relieved by the fa- 
 vourable reception given to a volume of poems, 
 the quick sale of which induced him to publish a 
 second edition, to which he added some commu- 
 nications from his friends Mr. Lamb and Mr. 
 Lloyd. 
 
230 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 About this time it appears that Mr. Coleridge, 
 with his friends Southey and Lovell, had some 
 thoughts of emigrating, and forming a settlement 
 upon the banks of the Susquehana, upon truly ra- 
 dical, or rather Spencean, principles, all land be- 
 ing held in common, and every man in his turn to 
 be a legislator. But while preparations were 
 making to carry this project into execution, the 
 whole scheme blew up by a spark of another de- 
 scription, and in the midst of their dreams of im- 
 mortality, these rivals of Solon, Lycurgus, and 
 Numa, became enamoured of three sisters of the 
 name of Fricker. The business of love thus over- 
 turned the mighty scheme, and our author and his 
 two associates, instead of seeking happiness in 
 the wilds of America, were content to sit down 
 in the bosom of domestic enjoyment, and think 
 about settling in their own country. Mr. Cole- 
 ridge, after his marriage, went to reside at Nether 
 Stowey, a small town near Bridgewater, where he 
 contracted an acquaintance with Mr. Wordsworth. 
 
 At this period the circumstances of Mr. Cole- 
 ridge were far from being comfortable, his princi- 
 pal subsistence depending upon literary labours, 
 the remuneration for which, at such a distance 
 from the metropolis, could not be adequate to the 
 necessities of a growing family. In this perplexity 
 he was relieved by the generous and munificent 
 patronage of Messrs. Josiah and Thomas Wedg- 
 wood, who enabled him to finish his education in 
 
S. T. COLERIDGE. 231 
 
 Germany, where he began to study the language 
 at Ratzeburg ; after acquiring which he went 
 through Hanover to Gottingen. Here he dih. 
 gently attended the lectures of Blumenbach on 
 physiology and polite literature. This important 
 event in the life of Mr. Coleridge occurred in 
 1798, and during his residence abroad he had the 
 satisfaction of meeting Mr. Wordsworth, then on 
 a tour in Germany with his sister. At Hamburgh 
 the two friends were highly gratified by a visit to 
 Klopstock, who complained of the bad translation of 
 his great work into our language, and said to Mr. 
 Coleridge, ** I wish you would render into Eng- 
 lish some select passages of the Messiah, and re- 
 venge me of your countryman." 
 
 Soon after his return to England Mr. Cole- 
 ridge undertook the literary and political depart- 
 ment of the Morning Post newspaper, on entering 
 into which engagement it was stipulated that the 
 paper should be conducted upon certain fixed 
 and announced principles, from which the editor 
 should neither be obliged nor expected to deviate 
 in favour of any party or circumstance. This con- 
 nexion continued during the Addington adminis- 
 tration ; after which, the paper being transferred 
 to other proprietors, Mr. Coleridge relinquished 
 the management. While engaged in this concern 
 he published two of Schiller's Dramas, on the story 
 of Wallenstein. 
 
232 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 After relinquishing his engagement with the 
 Morning Post, Mr. Coleridge became Secretary to 
 Sir Alexander Ball, whom he accompanied, to 
 Malta, of which island that distinguished officer 
 was appointed Governor. But this situation he 
 did not long retain, nor was it otherwise advan- 
 tageous to him, than by extending his knowledge 
 of the world, and giving him an opportunity of 
 treading the classic ground of Italy. During his 
 wanderings his wife and family resided under the 
 roof of Mr. Southey, at Keswick, and thither he 
 bent his course upon his return to England. 
 
 Some time after his return Mr. Coleridge deli- 
 vered lectures on poetry at the Royal Institution, 
 and was an occasional writer in the Courier news- 
 paper, his principles having undergone a complete 
 transmutation. 
 
 In 1812 he produced a series of Miscellaneous 
 Essays, intituled, " The Friend ;" which, though 
 they had but a limited circulation, he has subse- 
 quently revised, enlarged, and re-printed. The 
 year following appeared his tragedy of *' Re- 
 morse ;" and he has since favoured the public with 
 the " Memoir of his Literary Life," in two vo- 
 lumes ; *' Sibylline Leaves ;" and " Christabel,'* a 
 poem of which it may be sufficient to state that it 
 received the unqualified praise of Lord Byron. 
 
 In 1819 Mr. Coleridge was employed in deliver- 
 ing a course of lectures on poetry and philosophy; 
 
S. T. COLERIDGE. 035 
 
 and it was supposed that he was one of the writers 
 engaged on the " Encyclopaedia Metropohtana," 
 a scientific dictionary on quite a new plan, as the 
 prospectus was known to be his performance. He 
 resides at present at Highgate, with his family. 
 
 It may not be uninteresting in this place to give 
 Mr. Coleridge's character of the predecessor of 
 the present Head Classical Master (the Rev. 
 James Boyer), who was his tutor : 
 
 " He early moulded my taste to the preference 
 of Demosthenes to Cicero, of Homer and Theo- 
 critus to Virgil, and again of Virgil to Ovid. He 
 habituated me to compare Lucretius, Terence* 
 and, above all, the chaster poems of Catullus, not 
 only with the Roman poets of the, so called, silver 
 and brazen ages, but with even those of the Au- 
 gustan era ; and on grounds of plain sense and 
 universal logic to see and assert the superiority of 
 the former, in the truth and nativeness both of 
 their thoughts and diction. At the same time 
 that we were studying the Greek tragic poets, he 
 made us read Shakspeare and Milton as lessons ; 
 and they were the lessons, too, which required 
 most time and trouble to bring up so as to escape 
 his censure. I learned from him that poetry, even 
 that of the loftiest, and seemingly that of the 
 t wildest odes, had a logic of its own, as severe as 
 that of science, and more difficult, because more 
 subtle, more complex, and dependant upon more 
 
234 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 and more fugitive causes. In our English compo- 
 sitions (at least for the last three years of our 
 school education) he shewed no mercy to phrase, 
 metaphor, or image, unsupported by a sound 
 sense, or where the same sense might have been 
 conveyed with equal force and dignity in plainer 
 words. Lute, harp, and lyre, muse, muses, and 
 inspirations, — Pegasus, Parnassus, and Hippo- 
 crene, were all an abomination to him. In fancy 
 I can almost hear him now exclaiming, — Harp ? 
 Harp 9 Lyre ? Pen and ink, hoy, you mean ! 
 Muse, boy. Muse! your nurse's daughter, you mean ! 
 Pierian spring ? Oh ! aye ! the cloister-pump, I 
 suppose ! 
 
 " There was one custom of our master's which 
 I cannot pass over in silence, because I think it 
 imitable, and worthy of imitation. He would often 
 permit our theme exercises, under some pretext of 
 want of time, to accumulate till each lad had four 
 or five to be looked over. Then placing the 
 whole number abreast on his desk,, he would ask 
 the writer, why this or that sentence might not 
 have found as appropriate a place under this or 
 that thesis; and if not a satisfying answer could be 
 returned, and two faults of the same kind were 
 found in one exercise, the irrevocable verdict fol- 
 lowed, the exercise was torn up, and another on 
 the same subject to be produced, in addition to 
 the tasks of the day. The reader will, I trust, ex- 
 
S. T. COLERIDGE. 235 
 
 cuse this tribute of recollection to a man whose 
 severities, even now, not seldom furnish the 
 dreams by which the blind fancy would fain inter- 
 pret to the mind the painful sensations of distem- 
 pered sleep : but neither lessen nor diminish the 
 deep sense of my moral and intellectual obligations. 
 He sent us to the University excellent Latin and 
 Greek scholars, and tolerable Hebraists. Yet our 
 classical knowledge was the least of the good gifts 
 which we derived from his zealous and conscien- 
 tious tutorage. He is now gone to his final re- 
 ward, full of years, and full of honours, even of 
 honours which were dearest to his heart, as grate- 
 fully bestowed by that school, and still binding him 
 to the interests of that school, in which he had 
 been himself educated, and to which, during his 
 whole life, he was a dedicated being." 
 
 Another friend to whom Mr. Coleridge acknow- 
 ledges his obligations, while at school, is the 
 present Bishop of Calcutta (Dr. Thomas Fan- 
 shaw Middleton, the subject of the preceding 
 memoir), who was then a Grecian. From him, 
 among other flivours, he received a present of Mr. 
 Bowles's Sonnets, with which he was so enthusias- 
 tically delighted, that in less than eighteen months 
 he had made more than forty transcriptions of 
 them, for the purpose of giving them to the per- 
 sons who had in any way won his regard. The 
 possession of these poems wrought a great change 
 in the mind of young Coleridge, wlio had hitherto 
 
236 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 indulged in the theological and metaphysical spe- 
 culations before mentioned *. 
 
 TowNSEND, Rev. George, B. A. From Christ's 
 Hospital Mr. Townsend proceeded to Trinity Hall, 
 Cambridge, where he took his degree of B. A. 
 In 1810 he published a volume of " Poems," in 
 8vo; and in 1815 his Poem of " Armageddon," of 
 which the late Mr. Richard Cumberland spoke so 
 highly. Mr. Townsend is now Vicar of Hackney, 
 Middlesex. 
 
 Lamb, Charles, was born in 1775. In 1798 he 
 published '' Blank Verses, by Charles Lloyd and 
 Charles Lamb," 12mo ; and in the same year, "A 
 Tale of Rosamund Grey and old Blind Margaret," 
 8vo. "One of the most painful yet delightful 
 tales in the world : there is one part of it in which, 
 to be sure, the pain greatly predominates ; but it is 
 told very briefly, and with something beyond deli- 
 cacy." In 1802 appeared his tragedy of " John 
 Woodville," 12mo; which his friend Mr. Cole- 
 ridge described as *' being a little too over-antique 
 in the style." It was, however, upon the whole, 
 generally admired. Mr. Lamb next published 
 " Tales from Shakspeare," in two volumes ISmo, 
 
 * New Monthly Magazine, vol. V. 
 
 I 
 
CHARLES LAMB. 237 
 
 I8O7 ; which was followed by " Specimens of Eng- 
 lish Dramatic Poets, with Notes," crown 8vo, 1808. 
 Besides the above Mr. Lamb wrote several pa- 
 pers that appeared in the Reflector ; among which 
 was an admirable Essay on the Genius and Cha- 
 racter of Ilogartli, afterwards re-printed in the 
 third volume of the works of that inimitable artist, 
 by Mr. Nichols. He is also the author of a 
 prose abridgment of the Odyssey, under the title 
 of the " Adventures of Ulysses." His Essay "On 
 Christ's Hospital, and the Character of the Boys," 
 has been given at length in another part of this 
 volume, for the reasons there stated. 
 
 In 1820 the productions of Mr. Lamb were col- 
 lected together, and published in two volumes oc- 
 tavo, and were most favourably received. The 
 following extract from a criticism that went more 
 into detail than the generality, gives a most inte- 
 resting account of Mr. Lamb's merits as a writer 
 both in prose and verse. Although written by one 
 of our school, who might, I allow, be suspected of 
 partiality, yet the reasons advanced in support of 
 the assertions, will, I feel confident, carry convic- 
 tion to the mind of the reader : 
 
 " He (Mr. Lamb) is not so much known as he 
 
 is admired ; but if to be admired, and more, by 
 
 \ those who are better known, have any thing of the 
 
 old laudatory desideratum in it, we know no man 
 
 who possesses a more enviable share of praise. 
 
238 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 The truth is, that Mr. Lamb in general has per- 
 formed his services to the literar}^ world so anony- 
 mously, and in his most trivial subjects has such a 
 delicate and extreme sense of all that is human, 
 that common readers have not been aware of half 
 his merits, nor great numbers of his existence. 
 When his writings were collected by the booksel- 
 ler, people of taste were asking, who this Mr. 
 Charles Lamb was that had written so well. They 
 were answered, — the man who set the critics right 
 about the old English Dramatists, and whom some 
 of them shewed at once their ingratitude and their 
 false pretensions by abusing. 
 
 " There is a spirit in Mr. Lamb's productions, 
 which is in itself so anti-critical and tends so much 
 to reconcile us to all that is in the world, that the 
 effect is almost neutralizing to every thing but 
 complacency and a quiet admiration. AVe must 
 even plainly confess, that one thing which gave a 
 Laputan flap to our delay in speaking of these vo- 
 lumes was, the meeting with a flimsy criticism in 
 an orthodox review, which mistook the exquisite 
 simplicity and apprehensiveness of Mr. Lamb's 
 genius for want of power; and went vainly brush- 
 ing away at some of the solidest things in his work, 
 under the notion of its being chaff. 
 
 " That the poetical part of Mr. Lamb's volumes 
 (and as this comes first, we will make the first part 
 of our criticism upon it) is not so striking as the 
 
CHARLES LAMB. 239 
 
 critical, we allow. And there arc several reasons 
 for it; — first, because criticism inevitably explains 
 itself more to the reader j whereas poetry, espe- 
 cially such as Mr. Lamb's, often gives him too 
 much credit for the apprehensivcness in which it 
 deals itself; — second, because Mr. Lamb's criti- 
 cism is obviously of a most original cast, and di- 
 rectly informs the reader of a number of things 
 which he did not know before; whereas the poetry, 
 for the reason just mentioned, leaves him rather to 
 gather them ; — third, because the author's genius, 
 though in fact of an anti-critical nature (his very 
 criticisms chiefly tending to overthrow the critical 
 spirit) is also less busied with creating new things, 
 which is the business of poetry, than with incul- 
 cating a charitable and patient content with old, 
 which is a part of humanity : — fourth, and last, be- 
 cause from an excess of this content, of love for 
 the old poets, and of diffidence in recommending 
 to others what has such infinite recommenda- 
 tions of its own, he has really, in three or four 
 instances, written pure common-places on subjects 
 deeply seated in our common humanity, such 
 as the recollections of childhood, the poem that 
 follows it, and one or two of the sonnets. But 
 he who cannot see, that the extreme old sim- 
 plicity of style in * The Three Friends' is a part 
 and constituent recommendation of the very virtue 
 of the subject ; — that the homely versification of 
 the * Ballad noticing the Difference of Rich and 
 
240 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Poor' has the same spirit of inward reference, — 
 that the little Robert Burton-like effusion, called 
 * Hypocondriacus,' has all the quick mixture of 
 jest and earnest belonging to such melancholy, — 
 and that the ' Farewell to Tobacco' is a piece of 
 exuberant pleasantry, equally witty and poetical, 
 in which the style of the old poets becomes proper 
 to a wit overflowing as theirs, — such a man may 
 be fit enough to set up for a critic once a month, 
 but we are sure he has not an idea in his head 
 once a quarter. 
 
 " There is something very touching as well as 
 vivid in the poem that stands first, called 'Hester.' 
 The object of it is a female Quaker who died 
 young, and who appears to have been of a spirit 
 that broke the cold shell of her sect. She was of 
 a nature so sprightly and strong, that the poet, for 
 some time, says he could not 
 
 By force be led 
 To think upon the wormy bed 
 And her together. 
 
 My sprightly neighbour, gone before 
 To that unknown and silent shore, 
 Shall we not meet, as heretofore. 
 Some summer morning, 
 
 When from thy cheerful eyes a ray 
 Hath struck a bliss upon the day, 
 A bliss that would not go away, 
 A sweet fore-warning ? 
 
CHARLES LAMB. 241 
 
 " In coming to the ' Essays' and their masterly 
 criticism, we must repress our tendency to make 
 extracts, or we shall never have done. We must 
 content ourselves with but one noble passage ; and 
 with expressing our firm conviction, that to these 
 Essays, including remarks on the performance of 
 Shakspeare's tragedies, and the little notices of his 
 contemporaries originally published in the well- 
 known ' Specimens of the Old English Dramatists,' 
 the public are indebted for that keener perception 
 and more poetical apprehension of the genius of 
 those illustrious men, which has become so distin- 
 guishing a feature among the literary opinions of 
 the day. There was a relish of it in Seward, but 
 a small one, nor did his contemporaries sympa- 
 thize even with that. The French Revolution, 
 which for a time took away attention from every 
 thing but politics, had a great and new effect in 
 rousing up the thinking faculties in every respect; 
 and the mind, strengthened by unusual action, 
 soon pierced through the flimsy common-places of 
 the last half century. By degrees, they were all 
 broken up ; and though some lively critics, who 
 saw only the more eccentric part of the new genius 
 and confounded it with the genius itself, re-edified 
 them, they were too late, as now begins to be 
 pretty generally felt. Mr. Lamb, whose resem- 
 blance to the old poets in his tragedy was ludi- 
 crously taken for imbecility, had sown his criti- 
 cisms as well as his example against a genial day ; 
 
 R 
 
24j2 memoirs of eminent blues. 
 
 it came ; and lo and behold ! the very critics, who 
 cried out the most disdainfully against him, adopted 
 these very criticisms, most of them, we are ashamed 
 to say, without any acknowledgment. But he is 
 beginning to receive his proper praise, after wait- 
 ing for it in the most quiet and unassuming man- 
 ner perhaps of any writer living. The following 
 is the passage we have alluded to : — 
 
 So to see Lear acted, — to see an old man tottering about the 
 stage with a walking-stick, turned out of doors by his daugh- 
 ters in a rainy night, has nothing in it but what is painful and 
 disgusting. We want to take him into shelter and relieve him. 
 That is all the feeling which the acting of Lear ever produced 
 in me. But the Lear of Shakspeare cannot be acted. The 
 contemptible machinery by which they mimic the storm which 
 he goes out in, is not more inadequate to represent the horrors 
 of the real elements, than any actor can be to represent Lear : 
 they might more easily propose to personate the Satan of Mil- 
 ton upon a stage, or one of Michael Angelo's terrible figures. 
 The greatness of Lear is not in corporeal dimension, but in in- 
 tellectual : the explosions of his passion are terrible as a vol- 
 cano : they are storms turning up and disclosing to the bottom 
 that sea, his mind, with all its vast riches. It is his mind which 
 is laid bare. This case of flesh and blood seems too insignificant 
 to be thought on j even as he himself neglects it. On the stage 
 we see nothing but corporeal infirmities and weakness, the impo- 
 tence of rage ; while we read it, we see not Lear, but we are 
 Lear, — we are in his mind, we are sustained by a grandeur 
 which baffles the malice of daughters and storms; in the aberra- 
 tions of his reason, we discover a mighty irregular power of 
 reasoning, immethodized from the ordinary purposes of life, but 
 exerting its powers, as the wind blows where it listeth, at will 
 upon the corruptions and abuses of mankind. What have looks 
 
CHARLES LAMB. 24-3 
 
 or tones to do with that subhnie identification of his age with 
 that of tlie heavens themselves, when in his reproaches to them 
 for conniving at the injustice of his children, he reminds them 
 that ' they themselves are old?' What gesture shall we appro- 
 priate to this ? What has the voice or the eye to do with such 
 things ? But the play is beyond all art, as the tamperings with 
 it shew : it is too hard and stony ; it must have love-scenes, and 
 a happy ending. It is not enough that Cordelia is a daughter, 
 she must shine as a lover too. Tate has put his hook in the 
 nostrils of this Leviathan, for Garrick and his followers, the 
 showmen of the scene, to draw the mighty beast about more 
 easily. A happy ending! — as if the living martyrdom that Lear 
 had gone through, — the flaying of his feelings alive, did not 
 make a fair dismissal from the stage of life the only decorous 
 thing for him. If he is to live and be happy after, if he could 
 sustain this world's burden after, why all this pudder and prepa- 
 ration, — why torment us with all this unnecessary sympathy ? 
 As if the childish pleasure of getting his gilt robes and sceptre 
 again could tempt him to act over again his misused station, — as 
 if at his years, and with his experience, any thing was left but 
 to die. 
 
 " With the Letters under assumed signatures, 
 some of which are in an exquisite taste of humour 
 and wisdom united, many of our readers are ac- 
 quainted through the medium of the ' Reflector.* 
 Some of the pleasantries are among what may be 
 called our prose tunes, — things which we repeat 
 almost involuntarily when we are in the humour, 
 as the one for instance about the coffin handles 
 * with wrought gripes,' and the drawn battle be- 
 tween Death and the ornamental drops. 
 
 '* The undramatic mistake of the ' Farce' at the 
 conclusion of the volume is, that the humour is 
 R 2 
 
244 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 really too entertaining, and the interest too much 
 excited, not to lead to inevitable disappointment 
 
 when the mysterious Mr. H^ , who has such a 
 
 genteel horror of disclosing his name, turns out to 
 have no worse a patronymic than Hogsflesh. It 
 is too desperate an appeal to the nominal infirmi- 
 ties common to great numbers of people. Had it 
 been Mr. Horridface, or Mr. Hangman, or Mr. 
 Highwayman, or Mr. Horn-owl, Hag-laugh, or 
 Mr. Hellish, it might have been a little better ; 
 but then these would not have been so natural; in 
 short, nothing would have done to meet so much 
 expectation. 
 
 " If we were to make a summary of Mr. Lamb's 
 merits as a writer, we should say that there was 
 not a deeper or more charitable observer existing. 
 He has none of the abhorrent self-loves that be- 
 long to lesser understandings. He takes little, 
 and grants much. He sees through all the causes 
 or circumstances that modify the human charac- 
 ter ; and while he likes from sympathy, he dislikes 
 with generosity and sincerity, and differs rather 
 than pretends to be better. If there is any thing 
 indeed that looks like affectation in the most sin- 
 cere and unaffected temper of his writings, it 
 arises partly from the excess of his sympathy with 
 his species ; and partly from a wish to make the 
 best of all which they do or suffer ; and it leads 
 him into the only inconsistency that we can trace 
 to him. As an admirer for instance of Christian- 
 
CHARLES LAMB. 245 
 
 ity, and perhaps as a Christian himself in the truest 
 sense of the word, he sympathizes exceedingly 
 with patience and gentleness and the forgiveness 
 of wrongs. This also appears to be his own tem- 
 per ; but then he seems fearfid lest this should be 
 construed into a weakness instead of a strength ; 
 and so from turning his sympathy to another side 
 of human nature, he palliates some of the most 
 vehement and doubtful passions, and has a good 
 word to say now and then in behalf of revenge 
 itself. The consequence of this exceeding wish to 
 make the best of things as they are (we do not 
 speak politically, but philosophically) is, that his 
 writings tend rather to prepare others for doing 
 good wisely, than to help the progress of the spe- 
 cies themselves. It is this sympathy also, which 
 tends to give his criticism a more prominent effect 
 than his poetry. He seems to think that poetry as 
 well as prose has done enough, when it reconciles 
 men to each other as they are ; and that after 
 Shakspeare and others, it is useless to say much 
 on the subject; so that he deals little in the ab- 
 stractions of fancy and imagination. He desires 
 no better Arcadia than Fleet-street ; or at least 
 pretends as much, for fear of not finding it. Mr. 
 Lamb's style is sound, idiomatic English, equally 
 free from the foreign invasions of the pedantic, 
 and the freaks of us prose coiners, who dabble in 
 a light mint of our own for lawless purposes. It 
 is variously adapted to the occasion. If he is 
 
24}6 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 somewhat too antiquated in his verse, he is fami- 
 liar, short, and striking, in his more passionate 
 prose narrative ; and in his criticisms, flowing and 
 eloquent. 
 
 " Among the poems we ought not to forget two 
 or three by the author's sister, who is the main 
 writer, if we mistake not, in some excellent little 
 publications for schools. There is a delightful fa- 
 mily likeness in the turn of her genius. One of 
 these little pieces in particular (* on a Picture of 
 Two Females by Leonardo Da Vinci') looks like 
 an epitome of his whole philosophy, — full of sym- 
 pathies with this world, yet with a thoughtful eye 
 to the world unknown. It sets out in a fine stately 
 moving manner, like the noble young beauty of 
 which it speaks. — Mr. Lamb has addressed a son- 
 net to his sister, full of a charming deference and 
 gratitude." 
 
 Besides the pieces before noticed, Mr. Lamb 
 has helped his sister in other little works for chil- 
 dren (equally fit for those " of aiarger growth"), 
 especially one called *' Mrs. Leicester's School." 
 He has also written occasionally in the London 
 Magazine under the signature of Elia. 
 
 Mr. Lamb at present holds a situation in the 
 East India Company's service. 
 
THOMAS SKINNER SUKU. 247 
 
 SuRR, Thomas Skinner. Since leaving the 
 Hospital Mr. Surr has been a Clerk in the Bank of 
 England, and first published " Consequences," a 
 novel, 2 volumes 12mo. In 1797 lie published 
 "Christ's Hospital," a Poem, 4to. From this 
 poem, which will afford no contemptible specimen 
 of Mr. Surr's abilities as a poet, I shall take the 
 liberty of extracting a pleasing description of the 
 admission and gradual progress of a child through 
 the school, which cannot fail of interesting those 
 who have witnessed the scenes here described. 
 After eulogizing those concerned in the founda- 
 tion of the Hospital, Mr. Surr proceeds : 
 
 " Such was the rise of this august design 
 Of prospect boundless, and of aim divine : 
 On this foundation gradually arose 
 The noblest structure Britain's empire knows : 
 Though England long has been the honour'd seat 
 Of Charity, her lov'd and fix'd retreat, 
 Yet one proud fabric on this favour'd Isle 
 Boasts a superior int'rest in her smile : 
 It boasts, that there she had display'd a grace. 
 Beyond the Muse's amplest pow'rs to trace : 
 Boasts, that within the circle of its walls 
 Want's power ceases, and Woe's sceptre falls : 
 Boasts of the wond'rous blessings there bestow'd. 
 Which help the helpless on life's thorny road ; 
 Which waken industry— which scatter lore- 
 Stamp Virtue's image on the mind's rich ore— 
 Which foster Genius, and aid its rise 
 From Want's cold region to its native skies. 
 
248 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 " It was Matilda's happy lot to prove 
 The heart-felt pleasures of connubial love. 
 Long on Life's ocean proudly swell'd the sails 
 Of her gay bark with Fortune's fairest gales ; 
 When suddenly Affliction's tempest rose, 
 And Hope's bright scenes for ever seem'd to close ; 
 Eight summers had Matilda been a bride. 
 When ev'ry earthly hope with Henry died. 
 Lo the pale mourner! her dishevell'd hair, 
 And frantic gestures speak her soul's despair. 
 ' He 's gone,' she screams, ' they 've laid him in the grave, 
 
 * His wife's— his children's prayers have fail'd to save : 
 ' Oh, hapless orphan ! oh my darling boy, 
 
 ' Buried is ev'ry hope of future joy : 
 ' Cold Want shall chill the powers of thy soul, 
 ' Or Vice allure them under its controul : 
 ' The hand that should direct thine arduous way 
 ' To Virtue's goal — is cold, and lifeless clay. 
 ' Go, burst the portal of thy father's tomb, 
 ' And seek thine only shelter in its womb !' 
 While yet she speaks, she hears a seraph voice. 
 In soothing accents; whisper, ' Hail, rejoice.* 
 She turns, she gazes with a pleasing awe 
 Upon the fairest form the world e'er saw. 
 'Tis Charity, array'd in sweetest smiles, > 
 With countenance that keenest grief beguiles : 
 
 * Widow,' she cries, 'this child of Want be mine: 
 ' Not to the tomb, to me your boy resign. 
 
 * To Edward's friendly dome his steps I '11 lead ; 
 
 ' There, sheiter'd from the deadly bhghts of need, 
 ' Transplanted in that health-inspiring soil, 
 
 * This bud of Sorrow shall Hope's blossom smile ; 
 ' Shall, foster'd by Instruction's timely care, 
 
 ' The fruits of active Merit early bear ; 
 
 ' And, though 'midst weeds of Woe its growth began, 
 
 ' Shall ripen into virtuous, happy man !' 
 
THOMAS SKINNEII SURR. 249 
 
 " O Muse, this is no visionary theme, 
 No charm of fancy, no poetic dream : 
 Such soothing sounds to many a drooping heai't. 
 The cheering cordial of Hope impart ; 
 And many a smiHng evidence appears. 
 Whose morn of life forboded only tears. 
 
 *< Mark now the stripling his first thoughts employ 
 On his new liv'ry as a Blue-coat-boy ! 
 Matilda views him with a mother's eyes, 
 Joys that he stays — and yet to leave him — sighs. 
 Till he, of his new privileges proud. 
 Flies from her arms — and joins the sportive crowd: 
 Then grateful, sorrowful, she bends her way, 
 Cheer'd with Hope's vision of a future day ; 
 Wliich gilds the ev'ning of her life with joy. 
 When he, whom now she leaves a helpless boy. 
 Mature in years and virtues shall arise 
 To sooth the cares of age, and close her peaceful eyes. 
 
 " Now with a fairy step, pleas'd Fancy strays 
 O'er the sweet vision of my boyish days ; 
 And follows him through each succeeding school. 
 Where rigid Justice holds impartial rule ; 
 Where no rich dunce can rise on bags of gold. 
 Nor meed of merit can be bougljt or sold ; 
 Where, as the youthful mind its bias shews, 
 With dulness freezes, or with genius glows. 
 Its native powers are to Science train'd. 
 Till Learning's highest summit is attain'd ; 
 Or to pursuit of humbler aim confin'd, 
 The track is follow'd Nature has design'd : 
 No barrier crosses Emulation's plain, 
 But simply to deserve is to obtain. 
 Fancy pursues him in his boyish sports, 
 And strolls to all his holiday resorts : 
 
250 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 "When summer sun-beams tremble in the wave. 
 Views him the river's depth courageous brave : 
 Or when hoar-frost congeals the flowing tide, 
 Swift o'er its icy bosom sees him glide. 
 
 " But chief I love in fancy to repair, 
 On Sabbath ev'nings to the Hall of Prayer. 
 O ye, within whose bosom warmly glows » 
 
 A heart, that pitying throbs for human woes ; 
 A heart, that swells with grateful, joyful sense. 
 When Mercy smiles on helpless innocence ; 
 Oh hither bend your steps, here raptur'd gaze 
 On living monuments of Edward's praise ! 
 Here view, beneath one roof, the num'rous train 
 Of Sorrow's offspring, Bounty's stores maintain ! 
 Here view on orphan brows Contentment's air, 
 The smile of Innocence devoid of care ! 
 A band of brothers ! scions of one stock ! 
 In the world's wilderness, a helpless flock ; 
 Whom Mercy shelters on this hallow'd ground. 
 From Want, and Woe, and Vice, which prowl around ! 
 
 <' Now mark the Sacred Duties of the place : 
 Their youthful Priest recites the Word of Grace, 
 And offers up to Heav'n the orphan's ppayer 
 For those who make the orphan's woes their care, 
 Now the loud notes of gratitude arise, 
 And mingle with the chorus of the skies. 
 
 " Hail, scene unrivall'd in the world's wide sphere. 
 Which God himself approves — and Men revere. — 
 
 " When cheerful Spring succeeds to Winter's gloom, 
 'Tis sweet to see the tender branches bloom : 
 'Tis grateful to reflect upon the care, 
 Which screen'd the scions from the nipping air ; 
 
THOMAS SKINNER SUIIR. 251 
 
 To see, that spite of chilling frosts and snows, 
 The plant still flourishes — the flower blows. 
 
 " So the Philanthropist on this blest spot, 
 With conscious joy surveys the orphan's lot. 
 His bosom heaves with exquisite delight. 
 To view the mind, thus sav'd from Sorrow's blight, 
 Beneath a genial clime its powers unfold, 
 By Vice, by Want, unsullied, uncontroul'd : 
 To mark the onward progress of its course. 
 Near and more near to its eternal source. 
 Let ancient Greece, with pride triumphant, claim 
 The works of Art, and Taste, which bear her name; 
 Busts, that with living ardour seem to glow. 
 Statues, through which Life's streams appear to flow 
 Let Italy with zealous rapture trace 
 Her pencil's powers, dignity, and grace : 
 England, thy Edward's works, which grace this dome. 
 Eclipse the proudest arts of Greece and Rome. 
 The best wrought statues Athens e'er produc'd, 
 To scatter'd atoms ages have reduc'd ; 
 Rome's richest colourings of light and shade. 
 At ruthless Time's unsparing touch shall fade. 
 But Charity's immortal works shall last. 
 Beyond th' Archangel's world-dissolving blast : 
 The mind, she forms, with still expanding ray. 
 Shines the bright sun of an eternal day. 
 
 " Meanwhile, oh Albion, wide as thy renown, 
 The fame of Edward's Bounty shall be known. 
 Wliere'er thy Commerce spreads its daring sails, 
 Or fill'd with Arctic, or Antarctic gales ; 
 Where'er thy floating towers their thunders pour. 
 On Hindostan's, or Gallia's hostile shore; 
 Where'er thy name shines forth in arts refin'd, 
 Delights the polish'd — awes the savage mind ; 
 
252 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Where'er the Sciences thy sons improve, 
 Gain thee just Rev'rence, and filial Love ; 
 There — many a son of Edward shall proclaim, 
 With grateful pride, Christ's Hospital's high fame." 
 
 The national advantages of such an establish- 
 ment are next pointed out, after which the Poet 
 concludes with the following address to the Go- 
 vernors : 
 
 " On you, illustrious band, this vision rests. 
 On your just councils, and your gen'rous breasts ; 
 Whose Bounty zealous, vigilant, benign, 
 On firmest base sustains the grand design. 
 To you — your Country and your God award 
 A People's homage, and a High Reward. 
 And never, never shall our Edward's pile 
 Become the fiend Destruction's conquer'd spoil ; 
 'Till from his fix'd abode the Sun shall fall, 
 'Till Time be conquer'd, having conquer'd all ; 
 And Dissolution's banners be unfurl'd 
 Triumphant o'er the void, where once revolv'd the world." 
 
 Besides the above Mr. Surr has published, 
 « George Barnwell," a novel, 3 vols. 12mo, 1798. 
 " Refutation of certain Misrepresentations rela- 
 tive to the Nature and Influence of Bank Notes, 
 and of the Stoppage of Specie at the Bank of Eng- 
 land, upon the Price of Provisions," 1801, 8vo. 
 " Splendid Misery," a novel, 3 vols. 12mo, 1801. 
 *' A Winter in London," 3 vols. 12mo, 1806; and 
 "The Magic of Wealth," S vols. 12mo, 1815. 
 
CHARLES VALENTINE LE GRICE. 253 
 
 Le Grice, Charles Valentine, M. A. Upon 
 leaving the Hospital Mr. Le Grice proceeded to 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his 
 degrees ; and from thence was engaged as a tutor 
 in a private family. At College Mr. Le Grice 
 displayed considerable classical abilities, and, while 
 resident there, published * The Tineum, contain- 
 ing Estianomy, or the Art of stirring a Fire ; the 
 Icead, a mock-heroic, in Imitation of Horace, 
 Epigrams," &c. 1794, 12mo. 
 
 Upon obtaining the Declamation Prize at Trinity 
 College in 1794, he published the Declamation, 
 the subject of w^hich was — Richard Cromwell, if 
 he had possessed his father's abilities, might have 
 retained the Protectorate ; to which was subjoined 
 his subsequent speech, tending to shew that the 
 reign of Queen Anne has been improperly called 
 the Augustan Age of English Literature, 1795, 
 8vo. This speech is stated to have gained Mr. 
 Le Grice a considerable degree of credit. *' The 
 Declamation, though, perhaps, respectable in its 
 way, must strike every reader beyond the walls of 
 Trinity College, or the University of Cambridge, 
 as a very juvenile performance *." 
 
 In 1796 Mr. Le Grice published, " Analysis of 
 Dr. Paley's Principles of Moral and Political Phi- 
 losophy,'* in 8vo ; since which the following works 
 
 * Literary Memoirs of Living Authors, vol. L p. 363. 
 
254 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 have appeared: "Thoughts on the Harvest, a Ser- 
 mon preached at Penzance in Cornwall," 1802, 
 8vo ; " Daphne and Chloe, a pastoral Novel, from 
 the Greek of Longus," 1803, 12mo; *' A Sermon 
 preached at Christ Church, before the Lord Mayor, 
 Aldermen, and the Governors of the Royal Hospi- 
 tals," 4to, 1805; "Indifference, not Christian 
 Charity, a Sermon preached at the yearly Visita- 
 tion of the Clergy of Penzance," 1813, 8vo. 
 
 In 1814 Mr. Le Grice published " The Proofs of 
 the Spirit, or Considerations on Revivalism, a Ser- 
 mon," 8vo. The occasion of this discourse was an 
 extraordinary convulsion among the Methodists, 
 whose converts fell into fits, and were encouraged 
 in them by the Preachers. In the same year he 
 was appointed to the Perpetual Curacy of Pen- 
 zance, where he distinguished himself as one of 
 the founders of the Geological Society ; and as an 
 opponent of the fanaticism of the Methodists, 
 which in that neighbourhood has been recently 
 carried to a most extravagant length. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing Mr. Le Grice is 
 supposed to be the author of " A General Theorem 
 for a Trinity Declamation, and Hints to Fresh- 
 men," both of them very ingenious and witty 
 performances. 
 
JAMES WHITE. 255 
 
 White, James, a genuine wit, and a gentleman, 
 who will be long remembered with regret by a 
 numerous circle of friends. For some years after 
 leaving school, he filled a situation in the Counting- 
 house belonging to the Hospital ; but was better 
 known as the projector of the General Agency 
 Office for Country Newspapers in Fleet-street. 
 
 In 18;20 he published " Original Letters, &c. of 
 Sir John FalstafF and his Friends, now first made 
 public by a Gentleman, a Descendant of Dame 
 Quickly, from genuine MSS. which have been in 
 the Possession of the Quickly Family near four 
 hundred Years;" a work that will immortalize him 
 as a true Shakspearian genius. One of two things 
 might in this case be almost sworn to — either that 
 Sir John was a real, instead of an imaginary per- 
 sonage, and wrote the letters himself; or that the 
 letters were written by the " immortal bard ;" so 
 completely do they shew the character of the chi- 
 valrous companion of the Prince of Wales. 
 
 A letter or two from Falstaff to the Prince will 
 suffice, to which I shall take the liberty of adding 
 the remarks of the editor of an interesting little 
 publication (the Indicator), confirmatory of the 
 above. Of the editor himself (who was also a 
 Blue) further notice will be taken in the subse- 
 quent pages of this book. 
 
056 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 FALSTAFF TO THE PRINCE. 
 
 I pr'ythee, Hal, lend me thy 'kerchief. An thy unkindness 
 have not started more salt gouts down my poor old cheek, than 
 my good rapier hath of blood from foemen's gashes in live and 
 thirty years' service, then am I very senseless mumm)^ I 
 squander away in drinkings monies belonging to the soldiery ! 
 I do deny it — they have had part — the surplus is gone in cha- 
 rity — accuse the parish officers — make them restore — the whore- 
 son wardens do put on the cloak of supplication at the church 
 doors, intercepting gentlemen for charity, forsooth ! — 'Tis a 
 robbery, a villainous robbery ! to come upon a gentleman reek- 
 ing with piety, God's book in his hand, brimfull of the sacra- 
 ment ! Thou knowest, Hal, as I am but man, I dare in some 
 sort leer at the plate and pass, but as I have the body and blood 
 of Christ within me, could I do it ? An I did not make an 
 oblation of a matter of ten pound after the battle of Shrews- 
 bury, in humble gratitude for thy safety, Hal, then am I the 
 veriest transgressor denounced in God's code. But I '11 see 
 them damned ere I '11 be charitable again. Let 'em coin the 
 plate — let them coin the holy chalice. * ♦ * 
 
 THE SAME TO THE SAME. 
 
 Ha! ha! ha! And dost thou think I would not offer up 
 ten pound for thee ? yea, a hundred — more — but take heed of 
 displeasing in thy sacrifice. Cain did bring a kid, yea, a first- 
 ling upon the altar, and the blaze ascended not. Abel did ga- 
 ther simple herbs, penny-royal, Hal, and mustard, a fourpenny 
 matter, and the odour was grateful. I had ten pound for the 
 holy offertory — mine ancient Pistol doth know it — but the an- 
 gel did arrest my hand. Could I go beyond the word ? — the 
 angel which did stretch forth his finger, lest the good patriarch 
 
 should slay his son. That Ned Poins hath more colours than 
 
 a jay, more abuse than a taught pie, and for wit — the cuckow's 
 dam may be Fool of the Court to him. I lie down at Shrews- 
 bury out of base fear ! I melt into roods, and acres, and poles ! 
 
JAMES WHITE. 257 
 
 I tell theo what, Hal, there 's not a subject in the land hath half 
 my temperance of valour. — Did I not see thee combating the 
 man-queller, Hotspur ; yea, in peril of subduement ? Was it 
 for me to lose my sweet Hal without a thrust, having my ra- 
 pier, my habergion, my good self about me? I did lie down in 
 the hope of shcrking him in the rib — four drummers and a fifer 
 did help me to the ground : — didst thou not mark how I did 
 leer upon thee from beneath my buckler ? That Poins hath 
 more scurrility than is in a whole flock of disquieted geese. 
 
 " For the rebels I did conceal, thou should'st give mo laud. 
 I did think thou wert already encompass'd with more enemies 
 than the resources of man could prevent overwhelming thee ; 
 yea, that thou wert the dove on the waters of Ararat, and didst 
 lack a resting-place. Was it for me to heap to thy manifold 
 disquiets ? Was it for me to fret thee with the advice of more 
 enemies than thou didst already know of? I could not take 
 their lives, and therefore did I take their monies. I did fine 
 them lest they should escape, Hal, thou dost understand me, 
 without chastisement; yea, I fined them for a punishment. 
 They did make oath on the point of my sword to be true men ; 
 an the rogues foreswore themselves, and joined the Welchmen, 
 let them look to it — 'tis no 'peachment of my virtue." * * 
 
 " Oh ! I am sitting on a nest of the most unfledged cuckows 
 that ever brooded under the wing of hawk. Thou must know, 
 Hal, I had note of a good hale recruit or two in this neighbour- 
 hood. In other shape came I not ; look to it. Master Shallow, 
 that in other shape I depart not. But I know thou art ever all 
 desire to be admitted a Fellow Commoner to a jest. Robert 
 Shallow, Esq. judgeth the hamlet of Cotswold. Doth not the 
 name of judge horribly chill thee ? With Aaron's rod in his 
 hand, he hath the white beard of Moses on his chin. In good- 
 sooth his perpetual countenance is not unlike what thou wouldst 
 conceit of the momentary one of the lunatic Jew, when he 
 tumbled God's tables from the mount. He hath a quick busy 
 S 
 
258 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 gait — more of this upright Judge (perpendicular as apikeman's 
 weapon, Hal), anon. I would dispatch with these, Bardolph; but 
 the knave's hands— -(I cry thee mercy) his mouth is full in pre- 
 venting desertion among my recruits. An every liver among 
 them haven't stood me in three and forty shilling, then am I a 
 naughty escheator.— I tell thee what, Hal, I'd fight against my 
 conscience for never a Prince in Christendom but thee. — Oh ! 
 this is a most damnable cause, and the rogues know it — they '11 
 drink nothing but sack of three and twopence a gallon ; and I 
 enlist me none but tall puissant fellows that would quaff me up 
 Fleet-ditch, were it filled with sack— picked men, Hal — such as 
 will shake my Lord of York's mitre. — I pray thee, sweet lad, 
 make speed — thou shalt see glorious deeds " 
 
 *' How say you, reader, do not these inventions 
 smack of Eastcheap ? Are they not nimble, for- 
 getive, evasive ? Is not the humour of them ela- 
 borate, cogitabund, fanciful ? Carry they not the 
 true image and superscription of the father which 
 begat them ? Are they not steeped all over in cha- 
 racter — subtle, profound, unctuous ? Is not here 
 the very effigies of the Knight? Could a counter- 
 feit Jack FalstafF come by these conceits ? Or are 
 you, reader, one who delights to drench his mirth 
 in tears ? You are, or, peradventure, have been a 
 lover; a 'dismissed bachelor,* perchance, one that 
 is 'lass-lorn.' Come, then, and weep over the 
 dying bed of such a one as thyself Weep with 
 us the death of poor Abraham Slender." 
 
 DAVY TO SHALLOW. 
 
 " Master Abram is dead, gone, your Worship, dead ! Mas- 
 ter Abram ! Oh ; good your Worship, a's gone. A' never 
 
JAMES WHITE. Q59 
 
 throve, since a' came from Windsor — 'twas his death. I called 
 him rebel, your Worship — but a' was all subject — a' was sub- 
 ject to any babe, as much as a King — a' turned, li/ce as it were 
 the latter end of a lover's lute — a' was all peace and resignment — 
 a' took delight in nothing but his Book of Songs and Sonnets — 
 a* would go to the Strond side under the large beech-tree, and 
 sing till 'twas quite pity of our lives to mark him ; for his chin grew 
 as long as a muscle. — Oh ! a' sung his soul and body quite away 
 — a* was lank as any greyhound, and had such a scent ! I hid 
 his love-songs among your Worship's law-books ; for I thought, 
 if a' could not get at them, it might be to his quiet ; but a' 
 snuffed 'em out in a moment. Good your Worship, have the 
 wise woman of Brentfoi'd secured — Master Abram may have been 
 conjured — Peter Simple says, a' never looked up after a' sent 
 for the wise woman — Marry, a' was always given to look down 
 afore his elders ; a' might do it, a' was given to it — ^your Wor- 
 ship knows it ; but then 'twas peak and pert with him, marry, 
 in the turn of his heel. — A' died, your Worship, just about 
 one, at the crow of the cock. I thought how it was with him ; 
 for a' talked as quick, aye, many, as glib as your Wor- 
 ship ; and a' smiled, and looked at his own nose, and called 
 
 * Sweet Ann Page.' — I asked him if a' would eat — so a' bad us 
 commend him to his cousin Robert (a' never called your Wor- 
 ship so before) and bad us get hot meat, for a' would not say 
 
 * nay' to Ann again *. But a' never lived to touch it — a' began 
 all in a moment to sing * Lovers all, a Madrigall.' 'Twas the 
 only song Master Abram ever learnt out of book, and clean by 
 heart, your Worship — and so a' sung and smiled, and looked 
 askew at his own nose, and sung, and sung on, till his breath 
 waxed shorter, and shorter, and shorter, and a' fell into a strug- 
 gle and died. Alice Shortcake craves, she may make his shroud." 
 
 " Should these specimens fail to rouse your cu- 
 riosity to see the whole, it may be to your loss, 
 
 * " Vide Merry Wives of Windsor, latter part of the first 
 scene, first act." 
 
 s2 
 
^260 
 
 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 gentle reader, but it will give small pain to the 
 spirit of him that wrote this little book ; my fine- 
 tempered friend, J. W. — for not in authorship, or 
 the spirit of authorship, but from the fullness of a 
 young soul, newly kindhng at the Shaksperian 
 flame, and bursting to be delivered of a rich exu- 
 berance of conceits, — I had almost said kindred 
 with those of the full Shaksperian genius itself — 
 were these Letters dictated. We remember when 
 the inspiration came upon him ; when the plays 
 of Henry the Fourth w^ere first put into his hands. 
 We think at our recommendation he read them, 
 rather late in life, though still he was but a youth. 
 He may have forgotten, but we cannot, the plea- 
 sant evenings which ensued at the Boar's head (as 
 we called our tavern, though in reality the sign 
 was not that, nor the street Eastcheap, for that ho- 
 noured place of resort has long since passed away), 
 when over our pottle of Sherris he would talk you 
 nothing but pure Falstaff the long evenings 
 through. Like his, the wit of J. W. was deep, re- 
 condite, imaginative, full of goodly figures and 
 fancies. Those evenings have long since passed 
 away, and nothing comparable to them has come 
 in their stead, or can come. * We have heard the 
 chimes at midnight'. " 
 
 Mr. White died March 13, 1820, after an illness 
 of only a few hours. 
 
HENRY MEYER. 
 
 -261 
 
 Meyer, Henry, an eminent Engraver and Por- 
 trait Painter, was nepliew of the celebrated John 
 Hoppner, esq. R. A. Mr. Meyer was one of those 
 youths who shew an early predilection for the pro- 
 fession in which they are afterwards destined to 
 shine ; and although he did not prosecute his ju- 
 venile studies under circumstances quite so ro- 
 mantic as the celebrated Benjamin West, yet while 
 at school he had at times many disadvantages to 
 contend with. 
 
 He was admitted into Christ's Hospital upon 
 the presentation of the first Alderman Boydell, 
 through whose interest he was afterwards placed 
 in the Drawing-school, under Mr. Green, whose 
 fivour he soon gained by his attention and assi- 
 duity ; and by whom he was often complimented 
 at the expence of other boys. 
 
 Upon leaving school, Mr. Meyer was placed un- 
 der Mr. B. Smith as a chalk-engraver ; but at the 
 expiration of his apprenticeship he found that the 
 style of engraving to which he had devoted so large 
 a portion of his time was, for several reasons, ill 
 calculated either for his attaining that degree of 
 eminence to which he aspired, or even furnishing 
 him with a sufficient portion of business. In con- 
 sequence of these discouraging circumstances Mr. 
 Meyer was for a short time at a loss how to act, 
 but his enterprising disposition could not remain 
 long in suspense, and he soon after entered into 
 
262 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 fresh articles with a celebrated mezzotinto- en- 
 graver, to whom he paid a large premium for an 
 insight into this new branch of his profession. 
 Mr. Meyer now imagined his fortune made, but a 
 very few weeks again threw his bright prospects 
 into the shade ; fresh disappointments, not neces- 
 sary here to particularize, overtook him, by which 
 the above agreement failed in its effect. 
 
 To retrace his steps was impossible, and to pur- 
 sue his studies under the tardy system now adopted 
 equally so. A short reflection, however, gave his 
 enterprising spirit a fresh stimulus, and with the 
 slight knowledge he then possessed, determined 
 him to attempt something independent of his tutor. 
 This was the portrait of Mrs. Popleton, from an 
 original by Sir Joshua Reynolds, and having shewn 
 his performance to his uncle (Mr. Hoppner) was 
 much gratified by finding that gentleman backward 
 in believing it to be his performance ; but upon an 
 assurance of its being so, he promised his nephew 
 as much business as he could get through. 
 
 Upon cancelling the agreement just noticed, 
 Mr. Meyer was under an injunction not to publish 
 for a specified time, but he consoled himself with 
 the reflection that he was at full liberty to prac- 
 tice ; and the period was unremittingly occupied 
 in the study of what appeared to be his favourite 
 pursuit. On the expiration of the term Mr. Meyer 
 published portraits of Alderman Shaw and Mr. 
 Christopher Wyvill, which at once astonished his 
 
HENRY MLYER. 
 
 263 
 
 friends, and laid the foundation of his future emi- 
 nence in this line of his profession. 
 
 To enumerate the different subjects that have 
 since appeared from the hand of Mr. Meyer, is 
 impossible ; I shall, therefore, content myself with 
 noticing a few of the most admired. Amongst 
 them are portraits of the late Princess Charlotte 
 and Prince Leopold, the Lord Chancellor, and the 
 Chancellors of Oxford* and Cambridge*. Of 
 Clergymen he has published the portraits of Dr. 
 Vernon, Archbishop of York ; Dr. Dampier, the 
 late Bishop of Ely; Dr. Goodenough, Bishop of 
 Carlisle; Dr. Law, Bishop of Chester, &c. ; — of 
 Statesmen, those of Lord Spencer, Lord Liver- 
 pool, Lord Lauderdale, Sir John Nicholl, &c. ; — 
 of naval and military officers, the Marquis of An- 
 glesey, Lord Stewart, Sir H. Vivian, &c. ; besides 
 numerous popular engravings upon various sub- 
 jects, among which mention of the following will 
 suffice, — the splendid edition of the British Gal- 
 lery of Portraits, published by Messrs Cadell and 
 Davies ; and the portrait of Dr. Vincent as a fron- 
 tispiece to Mr. Ackerman's History of Westmin- 
 ster Abbey. But, to bring a few specimens of his 
 abilities home to every one of us, who has not seen 
 and admired his beautiful copies of the Proposal, 
 and the Congratulation, from the splendid origi- 
 nals in Sir John Fleming Leicester's Gallery of Bri- 
 
 * The Right Hon. Lord Grenville, and his Royal Highness 
 the Duke of Gloucester. 
 
264 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 tish Artists ; and since these, the Cottage, from 
 the same valuable collection. As a sum total it 
 may be worth notice that the whole number 
 amounts to upvv'ards of one thousand. 
 
 From what has been stated, the reader will pro- 
 bably imagine that the profession of engraving 
 was what, above all others, suited Mr. Meyer's 
 disposition, and that when he had obtained such 
 distinction as a mezzotinto-engraver, his ardour 
 would have been satisfied. Such, however, is not 
 the case ; had the choice been left to himself, un- 
 biassed by family considerations, Mr. Meyer had 
 been no engraver. His early application to draw- 
 ing led him on insensibly to a love for painting, 
 and the brush had always a decided preference to 
 the graver. Various circumstances, however, 
 concurred to prevent his becoming a painter, and 
 since he first became known as an engraver, the 
 patronage he has received effectually prevented 
 his indulging in the study of his favourite pursuit. 
 
 Within the last few years Mr. Meyer has been 
 under the necessity of relaxing a little in his exer- 
 tions on account of his health, which has been 
 greatly injured by his intense application to busi- 
 ness. During these short intervals his mind natu- 
 rally returned to its former bias, and the time that 
 should have been devoted to relaxation from the fa- 
 tigue of orte profession was entirely taken up in the 
 study of another. With the continued interruptions 
 to which Mr. Meyer was subjected by his great con- 
 
REV. J. R. PITMAN. ^65 
 
 nection as an engraver, it can hardly be supposed 
 that he made much progress ; but with a mind in- 
 tent upon its favourite pursuit, these interruptions 
 only served to make him return to it with the greater 
 ardour ; and, without the public perceiving any 
 cessation of his labours as an engraver, he made 
 his appearance, and claimed their patronage, as a 
 portrait-painter. The portrait of his friend Mr. 
 Dyer (in the last exhibition of the Royal Aca- 
 demy), which called forth the poem quoted in the 
 memoir of that gentleman, will amply suffice for 
 the foundation of his future eminence in this his 
 new branch of the fine arts. 
 
 Pitman, Rev. John Rogers, a popular preaclier 
 of the present day, is the son of the late Mr. 
 Thomas Pitman, Inspector-general of the Brewery 
 throughout England and Wales. After leaving 
 Christ's Hospital, Mr. Pitman went to Cambridge, 
 from whence he returned to London, and soon 
 after became one of the Classical - masters ; he 
 was besides alternate morning preacher at the Bel- 
 grave and Berkeley Chapels, and alternate evening 
 preacher at the Foundling and Magdalen Hospi- 
 tals. In 1808 he published " Excerpta ex variis 
 Romanis Poetis," 12mo, of which a second edition 
 was lately published. 
 
 Mr. Pitman has within the last year resigned 
 his situation at the Hospital, and resides at Ken- 
 
266 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 sington, where he has published a corrected edi- 
 tion of " Hooke's Roman History from the Build- 
 ing of Rome to the Ruin of the Commonwealth, 
 in six volumes, with six new Maps ;" which has 
 been followed by " Practical Lectures upon the 
 Gospel of St. John, Part I. comprising the six first 
 Chapters." 
 
 Mitchell, Rev. Thomas, M. A. Upon leaving 
 the Hospital, he proceeded to Sidney Sussex Col- 
 lege, Cambridge, where he took his degrees. In 
 1819 was announced the first volume of his trans- 
 lation of Aristophanes, under the following title, 
 '* Comedies of Aristophanes, translated from the 
 Greek, with numerous illustrative Notes;" to which 
 was added the following explanation of the nature 
 of the work : 
 
 " Of eleven Comedies, the valuable remains of 
 fifty-four, written by this celebrated author of an- 
 tiquity, two only have yet appeared in such an 
 English dress as to attract the attention of the 
 publick. The present publication attempts to sup- 
 ply a deficiency, long felt in our literature, by 
 offering a version of the remaining pieces ; and the 
 translator thus hopes to furnish the general reader 
 with the means of ascertaining the nature and 
 merits of that peculiar branch of the Drama, 
 known by the name of the Old Comedy. The 
 basis of translation has been a blank verse, mo- 
 
REV. THOiMAS MITCHELL. 26? 
 
 delled on the phraseology of our old dramatic wri- 
 ters, with an occasional use of such metres as 
 seemed best adapted to suit the varieties of an au- 
 thor abounding in rapid transitions, and indulging 
 in every combination of numbers. Of some of the 
 Plays it has not been thouglit necessary to give 
 entire translations ; in tliese a prose narrative has 
 been adopted, to connect the scenes, and carry on 
 the story ; and the translated parts will be to the 
 untranslated, at least in the proportion of three to 
 one. By this expedient, points of local humour 
 can be set in a stronger light by the force of con- 
 trast J and scenes may be entirely omitted, or nar- 
 rated in a manner more consistent with delicacy 
 and reserve than the early comedy of all nations 
 has been found to observe. Ample notes will be 
 added ; and such as, it is hoped, will leave the 
 reader no difficulty in understanding and relishing 
 the text of an author, professedly engaged in the 
 history and politics of his own times. Without 
 presuming to offer a work conducted on these 
 principles to the notice of the learned, it is thought 
 that such a publication may not be unacceptable 
 to the curiosity of the English reader ; that it may 
 offer materials for tracing the progress of Comedy 
 as a branch of art, and may serve to give a nearer 
 and more accurate view of the manners and politi- 
 cal relations of a country, the language, customs, 
 and mythology of which, we have woven very 
 deeply into our national system of education.** 
 
268 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Hunt, James Henry Leigh, son of the Rev. 
 Isaac Hunt, an American Refugee, by Mary, 
 daughter of Stephen Shewell, merchant, of Phila- 
 delphia, whose sister was the wife of the late Ben- 
 jamin West, esq. President of the Royal Aca- 
 demy. He was born at Southgate in Middlesex, 
 October 19, 1784. Mr. Hunt was chiefly noticed 
 at school for the vivacity of his friendships, and 
 his love of writing verses. He was intended for 
 the church, but owing to a hesitation in his speech, 
 which affected him considerably when a boy, his 
 destination was altered, and after leaving the Hos- 
 pital he was for some time in the office of a brother 
 who is in the law. His next situation was in an 
 office under Government, but this he was under 
 the necessity of relinquishing when he made his 
 dehut in the political world, which was as editor 
 of the Examiner, a weekly paper, well known 
 for its opposition to the measures of Administra- 
 tion. He had written theatrical criticisms pre- 
 viously for the News, and was the first who made 
 regular articles of that nature an indispensible re- 
 quisite in the papers. 
 
 In 1801 Mr. Hunt published, in l^mo, " Juve- 
 nilia, or Poems written between the Ages of twelve 
 and sixteen ;" and in 1808, *' Critical Essays on 
 the Performers of the London Theatres," crown 
 8vo. In 1809 he appeared before the publick as 
 the editor of the new weekly paper above-men- 
 
JAMES HENRY LEIGH HUNT. 2G{) 
 
 tioncd, which, setting aside its politics, has been 
 much admired for tlie abihty with whicli it has 
 been conducted, and for the vahia1)le Hterary arti- 
 cles, and essays on the fine arts, which have filled 
 its columns. The principles of the Examiner (like 
 the News) are the extreme of opposition, and 
 have more than once involved the editor in much 
 trouble and expence. 
 
 In the same year was also published a pamphlet 
 "On the Folly and Dtinger of Methodism," 8vo. 
 This was followed by " The Reformist's Reply to the 
 Article on the State of Parties, in the Edinburgh 
 Review,'* 8vo, 1810. " The Reflector, a Quarterly 
 Magazine, No. I. 1810." " Report on an Infor- 
 mation filed ex officio by the Attorney General, 
 Dec. 9, 1812, with Observations," 1812. " Clas- 
 sic Tales, selected from Authors of distinguished 
 Genius," 5 vols. 12mo. "Feast of the Poets, and 
 other Pieces," 12mo, 1814. " The Story of Ri- 
 mini," his principal poem, 12mo, 1818. "Foliage, 
 or Poems original and translated," 12mo, 1819; 
 and " A Translation of the Amyntas of Torquato 
 Tasso," 1820. 
 
 In October 1819 Mr. Hunt published the first 
 number of a very interesting little literary weekly 
 paper called " The Indicator." The work was, 
 however, discontinued, after having been regu- 
 larly published for near a year and a half (to the 
 great regret of its subscribers) owing to the conti- 
 nued indisposition of the editor. That cause be- 
 
270 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 ing now happily removed, and Mr. Hunt having 
 resumed his literary labours, it is hoped "The In- 
 dicator will not be forgotten. 
 
 The following extract, containing a humourous 
 attack upon old Isaac Walton and his disciples, 
 will be a good illustration of the nature of the 
 work, and at the same time give a tolerable speci- 
 men of Mr. Hunt's style when in a playful mood : 
 
 ANGLING. 
 
 The anglers are a race of men who puzzle us. We do not 
 mean for their patience, which is laudable ; nor for the infinite 
 non-success of some of them, which is desirable. Neither do 
 we agree with the good joke attributed to Swift, that angling is 
 always to be considered as " a stick and a string, with a fly at 
 one end, and a fool at the other." Nay, if he had books with 
 him, and a pleasant day, we can even account for the jo3^ous- 
 ness of that prince of all punters, who having been seen in the 
 same identical spot one morning and evening, and asked both 
 times whether he had had any success, said No ; but in the 
 course of the day, he had had " a glorious nibble." 
 
 But the anglers boast of the innocence of their pastime ; yet 
 it puts fellow-creatures to the torture. They pique themselves 
 on their meditative faculties ; and yet their only excuse is a 
 want of thought. It is this that puzzles us. Old Isaac Walton, 
 their patriarch, speaking of his inquisitorial abstractions on the 
 banks of a river, says. 
 
 Here we may 
 
 Think and pray, 
 
 Before death 
 
 Stops our breath. 
 
 Other joys 
 
 Are but toys. 
 
 And to be lamented. 
 
JAMES HENRY LEIGH HUNT. ^271 
 
 So saying, he " stops the breath" of a trout, by plucking him 
 up into an element too thin to respire, with a hook and a tor- 
 tured worm in his jaws. 
 
 Other joys 
 Are but toys. 
 
 If you ride, walk, or skate, or play at cricket, or at rackets> 
 or enjoy a ball or a concert, it is " to be lamented." To put 
 pleasure into the faces of half a dozen agreeable women, is a 
 toy unworthy of the manliness of a worm-sticker. But to put 
 a hook into the gills of a carp, — there you attain the end of a 
 reasonable being ; there you shew yourself truly a lord of the 
 creation. To plant your feet occasionally in the mud, is also a 
 pleasing step. So is cutting your ancles with weeds and stones. 
 
 Other joys 
 Are but toys. 
 
 The book of Isaac Walton upon angling is undoubtedly a de- 
 lightful performance in some respects. It smells of the country 
 air, and of the flowers in cottage windows. Its pictures of 
 rural scenery, its simplicity, its snatches of old songs, are all 
 good and refreshing ; and his prodigious relish of a dressed fish 
 would not be grudged him, if he had killed it a little more de- 
 cently. He really seems to have a respect for a piece of sal- 
 mon ; to approach it, like the grace, with his hat off. Rut what 
 are we to think of a man who, in the midst of his tortures of 
 other animals, is always valuing himself on his wonderful harm- 
 lessness ; and who actually follows up one of his most compla- 
 cent passages of this kind with an injunction to impale a certain 
 worm twice upon the hook, because it is lively, and might get 
 off? All that can be said of such an extraordinary inconsis- 
 tency is, that having been bred up in an opinion of the inno- 
 cence of his amusement, and possessing a healthy power of ex- 
 ercising voluntary thoughts (as far as he had any), he must 
 have dozed over the opposite side of the question, so as to be- 
 come almost, perhaps quite, insensible to it. And angling does 
 
272 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 indeed seem the next thing to dreaming. It dispenses with 
 loco-motion, reconciles contradictions, and renders the very 
 countenance null and void. A friend of ours, who is an ad- 
 mirer of Walton, was struck, just as we were, with the likeness 
 of the old angler's face to a fish. It is hard, angular, and of no 
 expression. It seems to have been " subdued to what it worked 
 in ;" to have become native to the watery element. One might 
 have said to Walton, " Oh flesh, how art thou fishified !" He 
 looks like a pike, dressed in broad cloth instead of butter. 
 
 The face of his pupil and follower, or, as he fondly called him- 
 self, son, Charles Cotton, a poet and a man of wit, is more 
 good-natured and uneasy*. Cotton's pleasures had not been 
 confined to fishing. His sympathies indeed had been a little 
 superabundant ; and left him perhaps not so great a power of 
 thinking as he pleased. Accordingly, we find more symptoms 
 of scrupulousness upon the subject of angling in his writings, 
 than in those of his father. 
 
 Walton says, that an angler does no hurt but to fish ; and this 
 he counts as nothing. Cotton argues, that the slaughter of them 
 is not to be " repented;" and he says to his father (which looks 
 as if the old gentleman sometimes thought upon the subject too), 
 
 There whilst behind some bush we wait 
 
 The scaly people to betray. 
 We '11 prove it just with treacherous bait 
 
 To make the preying trout our prey. 
 
 This argument, and another about fish's being made for 
 " man's pleasure and diet," are all that anglers have to say for 
 the innocence of their sport. But they are both as rank so- 
 phistications as can be ; mere beggings of the question. To kill 
 fish outright is a different matter. Death is common to all ; 
 and a trout, speedily killed by a man, may suffer no worse fate 
 than from the jaws of a pike. It is the mode, the lingering cat- 
 
 * The reader may see both the portraits in the late editions 
 of Walton. 
 
JAMES HENRY LEIGH HUNT. 273 
 
 like cruelty of the angler's sport, that renders it unworthy. If 
 fish were made to be so treated, then men were also made to be 
 racked and throttled by inquisitors. Indeed, among other ad-, 
 vantages of angling, Cotton reckons up a tame fish-like acqui- 
 escence to whatever the powerful chuse to inflict. 
 
 We scratch not our pates, 
 
 Nor repine at the rates 
 
 Our superiors impose on our living ; 
 
 But do frankly submit. 
 
 Knowing they have more wit 
 
 In demanding than we have in giving. 
 
 Whilst quiet we sit, 
 
 We conclude all things fit, 
 
 Acquiescing with hearty submission, &c. 
 
 And this was no pastoral fiction. The anglers of those times, 
 whose pastimes became famous from the celebrity of their 
 names, chiefly in divinity, were great fallers in with passive 
 obedience. They seemed to think (whatever they found it ne- 
 cessary to say now and then upon that point) that the great had 
 as much right to prey upon men, as the small had upon fishes ; 
 only the men luckily had not hooks put into their jaws, and the 
 sides of their cheeks torn to pieces. The two most famous 
 anglers in history are Antony and Cleopatra. These extremes 
 of the angling character are very edifying. 
 
 We should like to know what these grave divines would have 
 said to the heavenly maxim of " Do as you would be done by." 
 Let us imagine ourselves, for instance, a sort of human fish. Air 
 is but a rarer fluid ; and at present, in this November weather, a 
 supernatural being who should look down upon us from a higher 
 atmosphere, would have some reason to regard us as a kind 
 of pedestrian carp. Now fancy a Genius fishing for us. Fancy 
 him baiting a great ho'ok with pickled salmon, and twitching up 
 old Isaac Walton from the banks of the river Lea, with the 
 hook through his ear. How he would go up roaring and 
 screaming, and thinking the devil had got him. 
 T 
 
274 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 Other joys 
 
 Are but toys. 
 We repeat, that if fish were made to be so treated, then we 
 were just as much made to be racked and suffocated; and a 
 footpad might have argued that old Isaac was made to have his 
 pocket picked, and then tumbled into the river. There is no 
 end of these idle and selfish beggings of the question, which 
 at last argue quite as much against us as for us. And granting 
 them, for the sake of argument, it is still obvious, on the very 
 same ground, that men were also made to be taught better. 
 We do not say, that all anglers are of a cruel nature. Many of 
 them, doubtless, are amiable men in other matters. They have 
 only never thought perhaps on that side of the question, or been 
 accustomed from childhood to blink it. But once thinking, 
 their amiableness and their practice become incompatible ; and 
 if they should wish, on that account, never to have thought upon 
 the subject, they would only shew, that they cared for their own 
 exemption from suffering, and not for its diminution in general. 
 
 In another paper Mr. Huntasks whether anglers 
 would catch fish that shrieked; in which I suspect 
 there is something more than a mere pleasantry. 
 
 Mr. Hunt entered Christ*s Hospital a little after 
 it was left by Mr. Coleridge and Mr. Lamb, and is 
 strongly attached to the school. Neither his poli- 
 tics, nor his natural turn of mind, it appears, have 
 helped to enrich him, though few^ writers, in some 
 respects, have met with more success. He forms 
 another instance of the ludicrous mistakes into 
 which party-people are apt to be led with respect 
 to each other, being, I understand, instead of the 
 fierce and reckless person he is sometimes taken 
 for, a man of remarkably social and domestic ha- 
 bits. He is married, and has a considerable family. 
 
THOMAS BARNES. — DR. A. W. TROLLOPE. 275 
 
 Barnes, Thomas, was intended for the Church, 
 and from Christ's Hospital proceeded to Pembroke 
 Hall, Cambridge ; but I am not certain whether 
 he has taken any degree. 
 
 Mr. Barnes has publislied a volume of " Parlia- 
 mentary Portraits;" and is now one of the editors 
 of the Times Newspaper. 
 
 Trollope, Rev. Arthur William, D. D. From 
 what is known of the successive Masters it is more 
 than probable that they all deserve notice in a 
 work of this nature, and I can only lament my in- 
 ability to gratify my readers; but as the Rev. 
 James Bowyer has been already mentioned in the 
 memoir of Mr. Coleridge and in the account of 
 the Hospital by Mr. Lamb, it is but just to say 
 something of his successor. 
 
 Dr. Trollope has now devoted upwards of two- 
 and-twenty years to the instruction of the youths 
 of Christ's Hospital in tlie Classics, and in pre- 
 paring them for the University, during which time 
 the University of Cambridge has conferred upon 
 him the degree of D. D. as a testimony of their ap- 
 probation of the qualifications of his pupils. His 
 system, I am told, agrees in all the essentials with 
 that of his predecessor, which is described by Mr. 
 Coleridge (page 233), and where severity is re- 
 quired his manner is not very dissimilar ; but he 
 T 2 
 
27G MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 has been observed upon such occasions to be 
 nearly overcome by a truly parental weakness. It 
 must be no small gratification to Dr. TroUope to 
 reflect that at this time all the Classical-masters in 
 the Hospital at London, as also the Mathematical- 
 master, were his own pupils. 
 
 To those already noticed I have since been ena- 
 bled to add the following : 
 
 DiTTON, Rev. John, M.A. Vv'astheson of Hum- 
 phrey Ditton, who was many years Mathematical- 
 master, to which situation he was elected through 
 the interest of his friend Sir Isaac Newton. He 
 was buried in the north side of the quadrangle 
 of the cloisters (near the fifteen-arch), under a 
 large blue stone, with a Latin inscription. The 
 stone remains, but the inscription has been long 
 since obliterated. 
 
 The Rev. John Ditton was for many years Lec- 
 turer of St. Mary, Islington, where he died March 
 16, 1776. 
 
 Penn, Rev. James, 13. A. was for many years 
 one of the Classical-masters, and the immediate 
 predecessor of the Rev. James Bowyer. He wrote 
 the Grammar now in use in the Hospital; and 
 published a volume of Sermons. 
 
MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 277 
 
 Thornton, Sir Edward, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary of his Britannic INIa- 
 jesty attlie Brazils, was, I understand, after leaving 
 the Hospital, a fellow-collegian of the Right Hon. 
 William Pitt, by whose interest he first obtained a 
 situation in the service of his country. 
 
 Godwin, George, esq. an eminent merchant, 
 was for many years an active and benevolent Go- 
 vernor of the Hospital. 
 
 Precious, Robert, esq. w^as another of the emi- 
 nent Blues who, in the midst of affluence, took an 
 active part in the management of the institution to 
 which he was indebted for his own education. 
 Mr. Precious was a Benefaction Governor, and 
 for many years an active member of the Com- 
 mittee of 
 
 " That Royal Seminary whose antient fame, 
 More proud than contiuests, graces Edward's name." 
 
 He was also a liberal benefactor to the Hospi- 
 tals of St. Bartholomews Bethlem, and St. Luke, 
 and the Lying-in Hospital. He was, in fact, a 
 man whose benevolence was unbounded, and 
 whose gentle manners secured him universal es- 
 teem. He died on the 18th of June 1810, in the 
 74th year of his age. 
 
 His character is well drawn in a poem in the 
 Supplement to the first part of volume LXXX. or 
 the Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
278 MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BLUES. 
 
 ScHOLEFiELD, Rev. James, M. A. proceeded from 
 Christ's Hospital to Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 where he took his degrees, and became a Fellow. 
 Mr. Scholefield was also, I believe, for some time 
 a writer in the Quarterly Review. 
 
 Woodthorpe, Henry, the present Town Clerk 
 of the City of London, to which situation he was 
 elected in the year 1801. 
 
 Norton, George, one of the Common Pleaders 
 of the City of London. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Translation of the Charter of King Edward the 
 Sixth of Foundation of the Hospitals of Christ, 
 Bridewell, and St. Thomas the Apostle. 
 
 Edward the Sixth, by the grace of God, of England, France, 
 and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, and in Earth of the 
 Church of England and of Ireland Supreme Head. To all to 
 whom the present Letters shall come, greeting. Whereas We, 
 pitying the miserable estate of the poor fatherless decrepit aged 
 sick infirm and impotent persons languishing under various 
 kinds of diseases; and also of our special grace thoroughly con- 
 sidering the honest pious endeavours of our most humble and 
 obedient subjects the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of 
 our City of London, who by all ways and methods diligently 
 study for the good provision of the poor and of every sort of 
 them, and that by such reason and care neither children yet 
 being in their infancy shall lack good education and instruction, 
 nor when they shall obtain riper years shall be destitute of ho- 
 nest callings and occupations, whereby they may honestly exer- 
 cise themselves in some good faculty and science for the advan- 
 tage and utility of the commonwealth ; nor that the sick or dis- 
 eased, when they shall be recovered and restored to health. 
 
280 APPENDIX. 
 
 may remain idle and lazy vagabonds of the state, but that they in 
 like manner may be placed and compelled to labour and honest 
 and wholesome employments : Know ye, that We, as well for 
 the considerations aforesaid as of our special grace and of our 
 certain knowledge and meer motion, desiring not only the pro- 
 gress amplification and increase of so honest and noble a work, 
 but also condescending in our name and by our royal authority 
 to take upon ourself the patronage of this most excellent and 
 most holy foundation, now lately established, have given and 
 granted, and by these presents do give and grant, to the Mayor 
 and Commonalty and Citizens of our City of London, All that 
 our manor capital messuage and tenement and our mansion- 
 house called Bridewell other Bridewell Place, with all and sin- 
 gular its rights members and appurtenances, situate lying and 
 being in the parish of Saint Brigid in Fleet-street, London, and 
 all and singular houses edifices lands tenements rents reversions 
 and services chambers curtilages gardens void grounds places 
 spaces ways easements profits and commodities whatsoever to 
 the said house called Bridewell Place in any wise howsoever 
 belonging or appertaining, or as being parts members or par- 
 cels of the same heretofore had known used or demised ; and 
 all those our messuages tenements cellars sollars houses edifices 
 'and hereditaments whatsoever, situate lying and being in the 
 parish of Saint Sepulcre without Newgate, London, to the late 
 royal hospital called the Savoy, in the parish of Saint Clement 
 Danes without the bars of the New Temple London, now dis- 
 solved, formerly belonging and appertaining, and being parcel 
 of the possessions thereof; and also all the messuages tenements 
 cottages cellars sollars houses edifices and our hereditaments 
 whatsoever, situate lying and being in the parish of Saint Mi- 
 chael at Corn, London, to the said late hospital formerly be- 
 longing and appertaining, and being parcel of the possessions 
 thereof; and also all that messuage and tenement, and all our 
 houses edifices shops cellars sollars and hereditaments whatso- 
 ever, with their appurtenances, situate lying and being in the 
 Old Change, in the parish of Sauit Augustine, London, to the 
 
CHARTER OF FOUNDATION. 281 
 
 said late hospital formerly belonging and appertaining, and 
 being pared of the possessions thereof; and also all those our 
 five messuages and tenements, with the appurtenances, in the 
 parish of All Saints Honey-lane next Cheap, London, to the 
 said late hospital formerly belonging and appertaining, and 
 being parcel of the possessions thereof; and also all those our 
 messuages and tenements, with the appurtenances, lying in the 
 parish of Saint Anthony, called Saint Anklyn's parish, in Budge- 
 row, London, to the said late hospital formerly belonging and 
 appertaining, and late being parcel of the possessions thereof; 
 and also our messuage and tenement, with the appurtenances, 
 lying in Pankerith-street in the parish of Saint Bennets Shere- 
 hog, London, and to the said late hospital formerly belonging 
 and appertaining, and late being parcel of the possessions 
 thereof; and also all those our messuages and tenements, with 
 the appurtenances, in the parish of Saint Bennett, London, to 
 the said hospital formerly belonging and appertaining, and being 
 parcel of the possessions thereof; and also all those our mes- 
 suages and tenements, with the appurtenances, in the parish of 
 Saint Andrew Undershaft, London, to the said hospital formerly 
 belonging and appertaining, and late being parcel of the pos- 
 sessions thereof; and also all other our messuages cottages tofts 
 tenements shops cellars soUars rents reversions services and 
 hereditaments whatsoever, with their appurtenances, situate 
 lying and being in the parish of Saint Sepulchre without New- 
 gate, London, to the said late hospital formerly belonging and 
 appertaining ; and all the messuages lands tenements rents re- 
 versions services and other hereditaments whatsoever, with their 
 appurtenances, in the city of London and the suburbs of the 
 same, which were parcel of the possessions and revenues of the 
 said late hospital ; and all our lordship and manor called Shore- 
 ditch Place otherwise Ingibrow-hold, with all its rights mem- 
 bers and appurtenances, in Hackney and elsewhere in our 
 county of Middlesex, to the said late hospital formerly belong- 
 ing and appertaining, and late being parcel of the possessions 
 thereof; and also all those our lands meadows pastures and he- 
 
282 APPENDIX. 
 
 reditaments whatsoever, called Robbyes, in our said county of 
 Middlesex, now or late in the tenure or occupation of Edmund 
 Lyeez, to the said late hospital formerly belonging and apper- 
 taining, and being parcel of the possessions thereof; and also all 
 those our lands meadows feedings pastures and hereditaments 
 whatsoever, called Goldbetters, with the appurtenances, lying 
 and being in Enfield in our said county of Middlesex, now or 
 late in the tenure or occupation of Catherine Alychell, and to 
 the said late hospital formerly belonging and appertaining, and 
 late being parcel of the possessions thereof; and also all our 
 lordship and manor called Oxenford in Colkerington in our said 
 county of Middlesex, with all its rights members liberties and 
 appurtenances, to the said late hospital formerly belonging and 
 appertaining, and being parcel of the possessions thereof ; and 
 also all those our lordships and manors of Denge Hillions Al- 
 bethly and Gerons, with their rights members liberties and ap- 
 purtenances, in our county of Essex ; and also our messuage 
 and tenement called the Newhouse ; and all our lands meadows 
 feedings pastures commons rents reversions services and here- 
 ditaments whatsoever, with their appurtenances, called or 
 known by the name or names of Tarlfees and Stewards ; and 
 all other our lands tenements meadows feedings pastures rents 
 reversions services and hereditaments whatsoever, in Great Pe- 
 rington otherwise Parndon, in our said county of Essex, to the 
 said late hospital formerly belonging and appertaining, and late 
 being parcel of the possessions thereof; and also all that our 
 lordship and manor of Lynsters otherwise called Langleys, with 
 all its rights members and appurtenances, in our county of Hert- 
 ford, to the said hospital formerly belonging and appertaining, 
 and late being parcel of the possessions thereof; and also all 
 those our lordships and manors of Denham Durdent and Mask- 
 worth, with all their rights members and appurtenances, in our 
 county of Buckingham, and to the said late hospital formerly 
 belonging and appertaining, and late being parcel of the pos- 
 session thereof; and also all that our manor and our tenements 
 of Topcliflf in Melryth, and of Melbourn Royston Fevershara 
 
CHARTER OF FOUNDATION. 283 
 
 and Great Eversdcn, with the appurtenances, in our county of 
 Cambridge, with all their rights members liberties and appur- 
 tenances, to the said late hospital formerly belonging and ap- 
 pertaining, and late being parcel of the possessions thereof; and 
 also all that our lordship and manor of Netherall in Hinton, 
 with all its rights members liberties and appurtenances, in our 
 jsaid county of Cambridge, and to the said late hospital formerly 
 belonging and appertaining, and being parcel of the possessions 
 thereof; and all that our lordship and manor of Burdlyns in 
 Comberton in our said county of Cambridge, with all its rights 
 members and appurtenances, now or late in the tenure or occu- 
 pation of John Ranger, and to the said late hospital formerly be- 
 longing and appertaining, and being parcel of the possessions 
 thereof; and also all that our lordship and manor of Aliens, and 
 all our lands meadows feedings pastures and hereditaments 
 whatsoever, called Maners, with their rights members and ap- 
 purtenances, in Feversham and elsewhere in our said county of 
 Cambridge, now or late in the tenure or occupation of William 
 Wise, and to the said late hospital formerly belonging and ap- 
 pertaining, and being parcel of the possessions thereof; and also 
 all those our messuages lands tenements meadows feedings pas- 
 tures commons and hereditaments whatsoever, with the appur- 
 tenances, now or late in the tenure or occupation of the said 
 William W^ise, situate lying and being In Fulborne in our said 
 county of Cambridge, to the said late hospital formerly belonging 
 and appertaining, and being parcel of the possessions thereof; and 
 also all that our lordship and manor of Astinleigh otherwise Has- 
 tlnleigh and Aldeloss, with all its rights members liberties and ap- 
 purtenances, and all our messuages lands tenements meadows 
 feedings pastures and hereditaments whatsoever, with the appur- 
 tenances in Hastingleigh and Aldeloss aforesaid In our county of 
 Kent, now or late in the tenure or occupation of Edward Grey, 
 to the said late hospital formerly belonging or appertaining, and 
 being parcel of the possessions thereof; and also all that our lord- 
 ship and manor of Crofton, with all its rights members and appur- 
 tenances, in our said county of Kent, to the said late hospital 
 
284 APPENDIX. 
 
 formerly belonging and appertaining, and being parcel of the 
 possessions thereof; and also all that our lordships and manors of 
 Combe Grove and Fienscombe, with all their rights members 
 and appurtenances, in our said county of Kent, to the said late 
 hospital formerly belonging and appertaining, and being parcel 
 of the possessions thereof; and also all that our lordship and 
 manor of Tibshelf, with all its rights members liberties and ap- 
 purtenances, in our county of Derby, and to the said late hos- 
 pital formerly belonging and appertaining, and being parcel of 
 the possessions thereof; and all those coalpits in Tybshelf afore- 
 said, to the said late hospital formerly belonging and appertain- 
 ing ; and all that our lordship and manor of Bewyke, with all its 
 rights members and appurtenances, in our county of York, to 
 the said hospital formerly belonging and appertaining, and being 
 parcel of the possessions thereof; and also all and singular 
 messuages mills tofts cottages houses edifices barns stables 
 dovehouses yards orchards gardens lands tenements meadows 
 feedings pastures commons furze heaths marshes woods under- 
 woods watei's fisheries fishings rents reversions and services and 
 rents reserved upon any demises and grants whatsoever ; and 
 also courts leet, view of frankpledge, chattels, waived estrays, 
 free warrens, chattels of felons and fugitives, and felons of 
 themselves, and persons put in exigent and deodands ; and also 
 knights fees wards marriages escheats reliefs heriots fines amer- 
 ciaments, and all other our rights profits comratodities emolu- 
 ments revenues and hereditaments whatsoever, with the appur- 
 tenances, in Hackney Rabbys Enfield and Oxenford in our said 
 county of Middlesex, and in Denge Hillions Albethley Tail- 
 fees Stewards Great Perington and Gerons in our said county 
 of Essex, and in Linsters otherwise Langley in our said county 
 of Hertford, and in Denham Duridont and Maskworth in our 
 said county of Buckingham, and in Topclift' Mebvyth Melborne 
 Royston Great Everdens Burdlins Comberton Netherhall Hin- 
 ton Aliens Maners Feversham Fulborne in our said county of 
 Cambridge, and in Hastingley Aldeloss Crofton Combegrove 
 and Fienscombe in our said county of Kent, and in Tibshelf in 
 
CHARTER OF FOUNDATION. 285 
 
 our said county of Derby, and in Bewyke in our said county of 
 York, and elsewhere wheresoever in the said counties to the 
 said lordships manors and tenements, or to either of them, in 
 any wise howsoever belonging or appertaining, or as being 
 members parts or parcels of the same lordships manors and 
 tenements, or either of them, heretofore had acknowledged ac- 
 cepted used or reputed ; and also all other our manors lordships 
 lands tenements and hereditaments formerly belonging or ap- 
 pertaining, and late being parcel of the possessions thereof; 
 and also all and all manner of advowsons donations nominations 
 presentations and rights of patronage of the rectories vicarages 
 and churches, to the said late hospital formerly belonging or 
 appertaining, and late being part of the possessions thereof; 
 and also all and all manner of rectories tithes oblations obven- 
 tions pensions portions and other tithes whatsoever or of what 
 kind nature or sort soever they be or have been, or by what 
 name soever they are called deemed or known, to the said late 
 hospital formerly belonging or appertaining, and late being 
 parcel of the possessions and revenues thereof. (Except and 
 always to us and our heirs reserved the capital messuage to the 
 said late hospital called the Savoy House, with the site and 
 church thereof, and all the houses edifices and tenements to the 
 same capital messuage and site adjoining, called the Savoy 
 Rents.) Also we have given and granted to the aforesaid 
 Mayor Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London and 
 their successors, for the further sustentation of the same poor 
 who shall be and shall be supported in our aforesaid manor of 
 Bridewell, and all manner of the implements and utensils be- 
 longing or appertaining as well to our aforesaid house of Bride- 
 well, as all and all manner of bedding utensils and ncccessaries 
 which formerly belonged to the said late hospital of the Savoy, 
 by what name soever they may be known ; except nevertheless, 
 and to us reserved, one great bell and one small bell now re- 
 maining and being in the chapel of the said late hospital, and one 
 chalice for the administration of the communion, and other the 
 necessary implements and things to be had and used ni the said 
 
286 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 chapel for divine service and administration of the sacraments 
 there. Also we have given and granted to the aforesaid Mayor 
 and Commonalty and Citizens of the City aforesaid, and their 
 successors, all and all manner of our woods underwoods and 
 trees whatsoever of in and upon the premises growing and being, 
 and all the land soil and ground of the same woods underwoods 
 and trees, and the reversion and reversions whatsoever of all 
 and singular the same premises and of every part thereof, and 
 also the rents and yearly profits whatsoever reserved upon any 
 demises and grants whatsoever of the premises or of any part 
 thereof in any wise howsoever, made as fully freely and entirely 
 and in as ample manner and form, and with all and singular the 
 like liberties franchises jurisdictions and commodities, as any 
 master or governor of the said late hospital, or any other or 
 others heretofore having possessing or being seised of the pre- 
 mises or any part thereof, are had held and enjoyed the same 
 or any part thereof, or ought to have had held or enjoyed the 
 same or any part thereof, and as fully freely and entirely and 
 in as ample manner and form as all and singular the same pre- 
 mises came or ought to have come to our hands by reason or 
 pretext of the dissolution of the said late hospital, or by reason 
 of the gift grant or surrender thereof to us made, or by any 
 other manner right or title whatsoever, and as the same now 
 are or ought to be or to have been in our hands ; and which ma- 
 nors lands tenements and all and singular other the prsmises 
 with their appurtenances (except before excepted) are now 
 extended to the clear yearly value of four hundred and fifty 
 pounds and no more ; to have hold and enjoy the aforesaid 
 manor capital messuage and tenement called Bridewell Place, 
 and all and singular the aforesaid manors messuages lands tene- 
 ments hereditaments, and all and singular other the premises, 
 with all their appurtenances (except before excepted) to the 
 aforesaid Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City 
 aforesaid and their successors, to the proper use and behoof of 
 the same Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City afore- 
 said and their successors for ever : to hold of us our heirs and 
 
CHARTER OF FOUNDATION. 287 
 
 successors as of our manor of Greenwich in our county of Kent, 
 in free socage (to wit) by fealty only and not in chief, for all 
 services and demands whatsoever for the same to us our heirs 
 or successors in any wise howsoever to be rendered paid or 
 done. And further, of our more abundant grace and of our 
 certain knowledge and meer motion, we have given and granted, 
 and do for us our heii-s and successors by these presents give 
 and grant, to the aforesaid Mayor and Commonalty and Citi- 
 zens of the City aforesaid and their successors, to have hold 
 and in full right enjoy and use all and all manner of the like, 
 the same, so many, and such sorts of courts leet, views of frank- 
 pledge and all things which to view of frankpledge belong or 
 appertain or which may or ought to appertain, assize and assay 
 of bread wine and beer, estrays, goods and chattels waived, and 
 goods and chattels of felons and fugitives, parks free warren and 
 all things which to free warren do or may belong, and other the 
 rights liberties privileges jurisdictions profits commodities and 
 emoluments in the aforesaid manors lands tenements and other 
 the premises, with their appurtenances, and in every part 
 thereof, as and which we now hold and have held, and in as 
 ample manner and form as we now have hold and enjoy, or as 
 our progenitors at any time heretofore have had held and en- 
 joyed our aforesaid manor and house of Bridewell and every 
 part and parcel thereof, and which now are or heretofore have 
 been had held or acknowledged to be parcel or member of or in 
 any wise howsoever belonging or appertaining to the manor 
 aforesaid, and also as and which the last master of the said late 
 hospital or any other or others of his predecessors in right of 
 the same late hospital at any time have or hath had held or en- 
 joyed or ought to have held or enjoyed in the aforesaid manors 
 lands tenements and other the premises with their appurtenances 
 or in any part thereof, by reason of any letters patent of us or 
 of any of our progenitors, or by reason of any charter of gift 
 grant prescription use or custom, or in any other manner how- 
 soever. And further, we give and by these presents grant to 
 the aforesaid Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City 
 
288 APrENDIK. 
 
 aforesaid, all and all manner of issues rents revenues and profits 
 of the aforesaid manors lands tenements and other the pre- 
 mises, with all and singular their appurtenances, from the 
 twelfth day of June last past in the seventh year of our reign, 
 hitherto issuing arising or growing, to have arid receive all the 
 aforesaid issues rents revenues and profits to the same Mayor 
 and Commonalty and Citizens of the City aforesaid, as well by 
 their own proper hands as by the hands of the receivers bailiffs 
 farmers tenants and occupiers of the said manors lands tene- 
 ments and other the premises, with their appurtenances, with- 
 out account or any other thing for the premises or any of them 
 to us our heirs or successors to be rendered made or paid. And 
 further, we will, and by our royal authority, which we exercise 
 of our special grace, and of our certain knowledge and meer 
 motion, have given and granted, and by these presents for us 
 our heirs and successors do give and grant to the aforesaid 
 Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of our said City of Lon- 
 don, and their successors, licence faculty and full power to have 
 hold possess and enjoy all and singular the rectories vicarages 
 and churches of the said late hospital of the Savoy, with the 
 right of patronage of the same, and all and singular the mes- 
 suages houses edifices lands glebes annuities portions pensions 
 fruits tithes oblations and other the rights profits commodities 
 and emoluments whatsoever to the same rectories vicarages and 
 churches, or to either of them, assigned appointe'd belonging or 
 appertaining or hereafter happening to be assigned appointed 
 or to belong or appertain, and that they may and shall have 
 power to convert and retain the same to their ov/n proper use 
 without the impeachment or impediment of us our heirs or 
 successors, or of any of the archbishops archdeacons sheriffs 
 escheators justices commissioners or other the officers or minis- 
 ters of us our heirs or successors, and without account first 
 fruits or tenths or any other thing to us our heirs or successors 
 in any wise howsoever to be rendered paid or done for the 
 same, and without the nomination presentation institution or 
 collation of any rector in either of the churches or rectories 
 
CHARTER OF FOUNDATION. 289 
 
 aforesaid, the statute of not putting lands and tenements to 
 mortmain, or the statute of granting the first-fruits and tenths 
 of spiritual and ecclesiastical benefices dignities and promotions 
 to us our heirs and successors lately made and provided, or any- 
 other statute act ordinance provision prohibition restriction or 
 law ecclesiastical or temporal, to the contrary thereof hereto- 
 fore had made passed ordained or provided, or any other thing 
 cause or matter whatsoever in any wise notwithstanding, and 
 without any writ of " ad quod dampnum," or any other writ 
 mandate or precept of our heirs or successors in this behalf in 
 any wise howsoever to be prosecuted sued forth or made, and 
 without any inquisition thereof to be made or taken. Moreover 
 know ye, that we of our more abundant grace, and of our cer- 
 tain knowledge and mere motion, will and have given licence, 
 and by these presents for us our heirs and successors do give 
 and grant licence to any of our subjects and liege men whom- 
 soever, that they either or any of them may and may have 
 power to give grant sell alien or devise to the aforesaid Mayor 
 and Commonalty and Citizens of the said City of London and 
 their successors, for ever, any manors rectories lands tenements 
 tithes rents reversions services or other possessions revenues or 
 hereditaments whatsoever, to the yearly value of four thousand 
 marks, in our City of London or elsewhere within our kingdom 
 of England or in Wales, or elsewhere wheresoever within our 
 dominions or power, besides the aforesaid manors rectories lands 
 tenements and other the premises above by these presents given 
 and granted as aforesaid, although they be held of us in chief or 
 otherwise. And to the same Mayor and Commonalty and Citi- 
 zens and their successors we do likewise by these presents give 
 and grant special licence, that they may and may have power 
 to have receive and purchase of any of our subjects and liege 
 men such manors rectories lands tenements tithes rents rever- 
 sions services possessions revenues and hereditaments, to the 
 yearly value aforesaid, besides the aforesaid manors rectories 
 lands tenements and other the premises by these presents above 
 given and granted as aforesaid, the statute of not putting lands 
 U 
 
290 APPENDIX. 
 
 and tenements to mortmain, or any other statute act ordinance 
 or provision to the contrary thereof heretofore had made or- 
 dained or provided, or any other thing cause or matter whatso- 
 ever in any wise notwithstanding. And that our aforesaid in- 
 tention may take better effect, and that the lands tenements 
 rents revenues and other things to be granted assigned and ap- 
 pointed to the sustentation of the said hospitals or houses of the 
 poor aforesaid may be the better governed; for the continuation 
 of the same, we will and have ordained that the hospitals 
 aforesaid, when they shall be so founded erected and esta- 
 blished, shall be named and called The Hospitals of Edward 
 the Sixth, king of England, of Christ, Bridewell, and St. Tho- 
 mas the Apostle ; and that the aforesaid Mayor and Commo- 
 nalty and Citizens of the City of London aforesaid, and their 
 successors, shall be named and called governors of the said hos- 
 pitals and of the possessions revenues and goods of the said hos- 
 tals commonly called the Hospitals of Edward the Sixth, king 
 of England, of Christ, Bridewell, and Saint Thomas the Apos- 
 tle ; and that the same governors be and shall be hereafter in 
 deed fact and name one body corporate and politic of them- 
 selves for ever by the name of the governors of the possessions 
 revenues and goods of the hospitals of Edward the Sixth, king 
 of England, of Christ, Bridewell, and Saint Thomas the Apos- 
 tle, incorporated and erected, and them the governors of the 
 possessions revenues and goods of the hospitals aforesaid we do 
 by these presents incorporate, and a body corporate and politic 
 by the same name to continue for ever really and fully do create 
 erect ordain make and constitute by these presents; and we 
 will that the same governors of the possessions revenues and 
 goods of the said hospitals of Edward the Sixth, king of Eng- 
 land, of Christ, Bridewell, and Saint Thomas the Apostle, may 
 have perpetual succession, and that by the same name they may 
 be and shall be persons able and capable in the law to have and 
 receive, as well of us as of any other person or persons whomso- 
 ever, any lands tenements rents reversions hereditaments and 
 goods and chattels whatsoever, to hold to them and their sue- 
 
CHARTER OF FOUNDATION. 291 
 
 cessors for over. And further we will, and for us our heirs 
 and successors, by these presents grant to the aforesaid gover- 
 nors and their successors, that hereafter for ever they may have 
 a common seal, to serve only for their businesses touching and 
 concerning the premises and other the things in our letters pa- 
 tent expressed end specified, or any part thereof; and that the 
 same governors by the name of the governors of the possessions 
 revenues and goods of the hospitals of Edward the Sixth, king 
 of England, of Christ, Bridewell, and Saint Thomas the Apostle, 
 may plead and be impleaded, defend and be defended, answer 
 and be answered, in any courts and places whatsoever, and be- 
 fore any judges whomsoever, in any causes actions suits plaints 
 pleas and demands whatsoever, of what nature or kind soever 
 they shall be, touching or concerning the premises and other 
 the things underwritten, or any part thereof, or for any offences 
 trespasses things causes or matters by any persons or person 
 done or perpetrated in or upon the premises or any part thereof, 
 or in or upon any thing in these presents specified. And fur- 
 ther, of our more abundant grace and of our royal authority 
 certain knowledge and meer motion, we have given and granted 
 for us our heirs and successors as much as in us lies, and by 
 these presents do give and grant to the aforesaid Mayor Com- 
 monalty and Citizens of London aforesaid, and their successors 
 for ever, and the major part of them, that it shall or may be 
 fully and entirely lawful to the same Mayor and Commonalty 
 and Citizens for the tim.e being, at all times and always hereaf- 
 ter, when and as often as to them it shall seem expedient or ne- 
 cessity shall so require, to ordain constitute and make all such fit 
 wholesome and honest ordinances statutes and rules for the 
 right government of the poor in the same manor or house called 
 Bridewell Place, or in the same other houses called Christ Hos- 
 pital, and Saint Thomas's Hospital in Southwark aforesaid, or 
 either of them, to be supported, as to them shall seem good ; 
 and also that they may have full power and authority to exa- 
 mine all and singular idle persons wandering about within the 
 city aforesaid and the liberties thereof, and to compel them to 
 U 2 
 
292 APPENDIX. 
 
 employ and exercise themselves with all their might in somd 
 honest labour and work. Also we give, and by these presents 
 for us our heirs and successors, grant to the aforesaid Mayor 
 and Commonalty and Citizens of London aforesaid, and their 
 successors, full power and authority from time to time to no- 
 •^ minate appoint make create and ordain such and to many offi- 
 cers ministers or governors under them, in the aforesaid hospi- 
 tals or houses, or in either of them, who may from time to time 
 provide for the poor therein, that they may be well and justly 
 ordered and taken care of, and also for the order and govern- 
 ment of the same poor, as to them shall likewise seem good and 
 convenient, without the impeachment of us our heirs or succes- 
 sors, or of the justices escheators sheriffs ministers servants or 
 other of the subjects whomsoever of us our heirs or successors, 
 any statute act law or ordinance hertofore made or hereafter to 
 be made to the contrary notwithstanding, so that the same or- 
 dinances laws and statutes be not contrary or repugnant to the 
 laws and statutes of our kingdom of England or to our royal 
 prerogative. And further, we give and grant, for us our heirs 
 and successors, to the aforesaid Mayor and Commonalty and 
 Citizens of our City of London aforesaid and their successors, 
 for ever, that it may and shall be lawful as well to the afore- 
 said Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens for the time being, 
 as to the same and such officers ministers' or governors as to the 
 aforesaid Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens as aforesaid 
 shall from time to time appoint or ordain to be officers ministers 
 or governors under them of the same manor or house called 
 Bridewell Place, or the other houses or hospitiils assigned for 
 the aforesaid poor as aforesaid, and of two or three of them, at 
 all times hereafter from time to time, as well within the City of 
 London aforesaid and the suburbs of the same, as within our 
 said County of Middlesex, diligently to inquire and examine by 
 all ways and methods by which they may better know, accord- 
 ing to their prudence and discretion, of all and all manner of 
 suspicious houses inns taverns gaming-houses playhouses dan- 
 cing-houses and other places whatsoever, and the liberty or 
 
CHARTER OF FOUNDATION. 293 
 
 liberties and places exempt whatsoever within the said City 
 and the suburbs thereof and of our said County of Middle- 
 sex, by what names or titles soever the same or either of 
 them are or shall be called or known, and also to examine j 
 investigate and inquire of all and singular houses or places 
 whatsoever in anywise suspected for idle lazy ruffians haunters j 
 of stews vagabonds and sturdy beggars or other suspected per- 
 sons whomsoever, and men and women whomsoever of ill name 
 and fame, and the same ruffians haunters of stews vagabonds 
 and beggars not only to apprehend within the same suspected 
 houses or places liberty or liberties and places exempt, being 
 within the said county of Middlesex, but also the tenants mas- 
 ters owners or keepers of such houses or places where any such 
 shall be found, to the house of labour of Bridewell to commit, 
 or in any other manner all and singular the same persons to pu- 
 nish as to them it shall then seem good and lawful, unless the 
 tenants masters owners or keepers of such houses and places 
 can honestly and justly excuse and discharge themselves before 
 the aforesaid Mayor and the Aldermen of the same City for the 
 time being, or before the officers ministers or governors under 
 them of the aforesaid houses, why they have so cherished and 
 entertained such idle ruffians and suspected persons and vaga- 
 bonds, or permitted them to lie converse and frequent in their 
 houses, and also unless such men so suspected, and vagabonds 
 being so taken, may sufficiently and fully declare for their ho- 
 nest and good conversation, and render a just reason by what 
 manner they may get their living, and why they do so wander 
 about and daily frequent such sort of suspicious and secret and 
 prohibited houses or places, and shall also find sufficient surety 
 that they and every of them shall afterwards behave themselves 
 and himself honestly. And moreover we will, that it shall be 
 lawful to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City aforesaid for the 
 time being, or for ot^ier the officers or governors of the poor 
 under them in the hospitals aforesaid for the time being, to use 
 such correction and order in the premises as to them shall seem 
 most convenient or profitable, without the impeachment of us 
 
294< APPENDIX. 
 
 our heirs or successors, or of the justices escheators sheriffs or 
 other the ministers servants or subjects whomsoever of us our 
 heirs or successors, any statute act ordinance restriction law or 
 custom to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. 
 Also we will, and by these presents grant to the aforesaid 
 Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of our City of London, 
 that may have and shall have these our letters patent under our 
 Great Seal of England, in due manner made and sealed, without 
 fine or fee great or small to us in our Hanaper or elsewhere to 
 our use for the same in anywise howsoever to be rendered paid 
 or made, although express mention of the true yearly value or 
 of the certainty of the premises or either of them, or of other 
 gifts or grants by us or by any of our progenitors heretofore 
 made to the same Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of our 
 City of London, is not made in these presents, or any other sta- 
 tute act ordinance provision or restriction to the contrary thereof 
 made passed ordained or provided, or any other thing cause or 
 matter whatsoever in anywise notwithstanding. In testimony 
 whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patent. 
 Witness ourself at Westminster the twenty-sixth day of June in 
 the seventh year of our reign. 
 
 Cotton. 
 (Great Seal.) By Writ of Privy Seal, and of the date afore- 
 said, by authority of Parliament. 
 InroUed before John Hornyoke, Auditor. 
 Inrolled before John Purevey, Auditor. 
 Inrolled in the office of Bryan Taillor. Auditor. 
 
295 
 
 names of the governors of 
 Christ's hospital. 
 
 '■^.* An Annual List of the Governors who have Presentations for 
 the year may be had at the Counting House, price Is. 
 
 COURT OF ALDERMEN. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor (Christopher Magnay, Esq.) 
 Mansion-house. 
 
 The Right Worshipful Sir William Curtis, Bart. President, Lom- 
 bard-street. 
 
 Sir Richard Carr Glyn, Bart. 4, Arlington-street. 
 
 Sir John Earner, Knt. Town-hall, Southwark. 
 
 Sir JohnPerring, Bart. 118, Bishopsgate-street. 
 
 Sir James Shaw, Bai't. America-square. 
 
 John Ansley, Esq. 9, Little DistafF-lane. 
 
 Sir Charles Flower, Bart. 27, Finsbury-square. 
 
 Thomas Smith, Esq. Crescent, New Bridge-street, 
 
 Joshua Jonathan Smith, Esq. Bennet's-hill, Doctors' Commons. 
 
 Sir Claudius Stephen Hunter, Bart. 3, Queen-street, May Fair. 
 
 George Scholey, Esq. Old Swan Stairs. 
 
 Samuel Birch, Esq. 15, Cornhill. 
 
 Matthew Wood, Esq. St. Margaret's Hill^ Southwark. 
 
 Christopher Smith, Esq. 7, Adam-street, Adelphi. 
 
 John Atkins, Esq. Walbrook. 
 
 George Bridges, Esq. Tower-hill. 
 
 William Heygate, Esq. New Bridge-street. 
 
 Robert Albion Cox, Esq. Little Britain. 
 
 John Thomas Thorp, Esq. Aldgate. 
 
 Robert Waithman, Esq. Fleet-street. 
 
JgyO APPENDIX. 
 
 John Garratt, Esq. Nicholas-lane. 
 John Venables, Esq. Queenhithe. 
 Anthony Brown, Esq. Pudding- lane. 
 Matthias P. Lucas, Esq. Tower-hill. 
 William Thompson, Esq. Swan -lane. 
 
 The Worshipful James Palmer, Esq. Treasurer, Christ's Hospital. 
 
 A. 
 
 Antrobus, Sir Edmund, Bart. 4, Hyde Park Corner. 
 Allcock, William Plaxton, Esq. 47, Woburn-place. 
 Alliston, John, Esq. Freeman's-court, Cornhill, 
 Angell, William Sandell, Esq. 60, Cornhill, 
 Angerstein, John, Esq. 20, Cumberland-place. 
 Angerstein, John Julius, Esq. 102, Pall-Mali. 
 Astell, William, Esq. 54, Old Broad-street. 
 Aston, ThomaSiEsq. jun, 43, Guildford-street, 
 Atkins, Abram, Esq. 6, Dock-head. 
 Atkinson, Thomas, Esq. Old Swan Stairs. 
 Ayres, Mr. Thomas, I60j Fenchurch-street. 
 
 B. 
 
 Belgrave, Right Hon. Lord Viscount, Upper Grosvenor-street. 
 
 Bridgewatei-, Right Hon. Earl of, 7, Grosvenor-square. 
 
 Bristol, Right Hon. Earl of, G, St. James's-square, 
 
 Baker, Sir Frederick, Bart. 45, Jermyn-street. 
 
 Baring, Sir Thomas, Bart. 21, Devonshire-place. 
 
 Bloxam, Sir Matthew, Knt. Government Stationery Office, 
 
 Whitehall. 
 Bainbridge, Edward Thomas, Esq. ^ueen-square, Bloomsbuiy. 
 
LIST OF GOVERNORS. 297 
 
 Bainbridgc, Thomas, Esq. Physicians' College. 
 
 Baker, William, Esq. Bayfordbury, Herts, , 
 
 Bcachcroft, Matthews, Esq. 39, Craven-street. 
 
 Beckwith, Mr. William Andrew, Snow-hill. 
 
 Bedford, William, Esq. Friday-street. 
 
 Bent, John, Esq. 13, Old Burlington-street. 
 
 Berens, Joseph, Esq. 76, Lombard -street, 
 
 Boldero, Edward Gale, Esq. 4, Henrietta-street, Cavendish-square. 
 
 Bonar, Thomson, Esq. 51, Broad-street. 
 
 Borradaile, John Watson, Esq. 34, Fenchurch-street. 
 
 Boulton, Henry, Esq. Thorncroft, near Leatherhead. 
 
 Brandram, Thomas, Esq. 17, Size-lane. 
 
 Brickwood, John, Esq. 79, Mark-lane, 
 
 Brickwood, Nathaniel, Esq. 1, Crescent, Minories, 
 
 Brooks, John, Esq, Chancery-lane. 
 
 Brooks, John Thomas, Esq. 25, Chancery-lane. 
 
 Brown, Benjamin, Esq. 157, Cheapside, 
 
 Brown, James, Esq. St. Alban's. 
 
 Buckle, John William, Esq. Mark-lane, 
 
 Bulcock, James, Esq. 119, Borough. 
 
 Burchall, John Henry, Esq. Walthamstow. 
 
 C. 
 
 Calthorp, Right Hon. Lord, 33, Grosvenor-square. 
 Carrington, Right Hon. Lord, Privy-garden. 
 Cavendish, Lord George Augustus Henry, Saville-row. 
 Calverley, Thomas, Esq. 3, Berkeley-square. 
 Cartwright, Charles, Esq. East India-house. 
 Cator, John, Esq. Beckenham, Kent. 
 Christie, John, 6, Queen-stieet, May Fair. 
 Clark, Richard, Esq. New Bridge-street. 
 Clark, William, Esq. Stock Exchange. 
 
 Cogan, Rev. Thomas White, at James Palmer's, Esq. Clirist's 
 Hospital. 
 
298 APPENDIX. 
 
 Cole, Benjamin, Esq. Stock Exchange. 
 
 Colebatch, Mr. Edward, 157, Minories. 
 
 Coles, Charles, Esq. 21, Fleet-street. 
 
 Commerell, Captain John William, 5, Berkeley-street. 
 
 Cope, Thomas, Esq. Capel-court, Bartholomew-lane. 
 
 Copland, Alexander, Esq. 29, Great George-street, Westminster. 
 
 Copland, Alexander, jun, Esq. Great George-street, Westminster. 
 
 Cornthwaite, Tullie J. Esq. Pay-Office, Broad-street. 
 
 Cotton, Henry Calveley, Esq. 
 
 Coutts, Thomas, Esq. 59, Strand. 
 
 Crawford, William, Esq. Wimpole-street. 
 
 CuUen, Charles, CamberweU Grove. 
 
 Curtis, James, Esq. Old South-Sea-house. 
 
 Curtis, William, Esq. 61, Portland-place. 
 
 Durham, Hon. and Right Rev. Shute Lord Bishop of, 16, Ca- 
 vendish-square. 
 
 Devonshire, his Grace the Duke of, Piccadilly. 
 
 Downe, Right Hon. Lord Viscount, 11, Charles-st. Berkeley-sq. 
 
 De Dunstanville and Basset, Right Hon. Lord, 18, Upper Gros- 
 venor-street. 
 
 Deacon, John, Esq. Bishopsgate-street. 
 
 Denison, William Joseph, Esq. 94, Pall Mall. 
 
 Dent, John, Esq. 10, Hertford-street, May Fair. 
 
 Dent, William, Esq. Wandsworth Common. 
 
 Divett, Thomas, Esq. Wimpole-street. 
 
 Dorrien, John, Esq. Portman-square. 
 
 Du Cane, Peter, Esq. 42, Great Portland-street, Portland-place. 
 
 Durand, J. H. Esq. Woodcot-lodge, near Carshalton. 
 
 E. 
 
 Egremont, Right Hon. Earl of, 4, Grosvenor-place. 
 Eardley, Right Hon. Lord, 51, Lower Grosvenor-street. 
 
LIST OF GOVERNORS. 299 
 
 Eardley, Hon. Sampson Eaidley, 7, Hinde-street, Manchester-sq. 
 Easthope, John, Esq. Finchlcy, Middlesex. 
 Elwall, George, Esq. 7, Love-lane, Aldermanbury. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fitzwilliam, Right Hon. Earl, 4, Grosvenor-square. 
 
 Frederick, Sir John, Bart. 32, Grosvenor-place. 
 
 Farrer, John, Esq. Clapham Common. 
 
 Fazakerly, J. N. Esq. Blake's Hotel, Jermyn-street. 
 
 Fellows, Thomas, Esq. 11, Alder^gate-street. 
 
 Fenn, Nathaniel, Esq. Botolph-lane. 
 
 Franco, Francis, Esq. 31, Great Portland-street. 
 
 Franco, Ralph, Esq. 
 
 Eraser, Rev. Peter, 32, Spring-gardens. 
 
 Filder, Edward, Esq. 
 
 Freeman, John, Esq. 2, Judd-place, East. 
 
 Fryer, George, Esq. Bath. 
 
 Gwydir, Right Hon. Lord, Privy-gardens. 
 
 Graham, Sir James, Bart. 1, Portland-place. 
 
 Garland, Peak, Esq. at Mr. Thomas's, 2, Serjeant's-inn, Fleet-st. 
 
 Garry, Nicholas, Esq. 33, Old Broad-street. 
 
 Gascoyne, Bamber, Esq. 10, Stanhope-street, May Fair. 
 
 Gibbs, George Henry, Esq. Powis-place. 
 
 GiflFard, Francis, Esq. Uphaven, near Pewsey. 
 
 Gillet, Gabriel, Esq. 25, Guildford-street, 
 
 Gilpin, William, Esq. 170, Fleet-street. 
 
 Gisborne, Rev. Thomas, Yoxall-lodge, near Lichfield. 
 
 Glover, Mr. Thomas, Bishopsgate-street. 
 
 Goodwyn, Hem-y, Esq. Blackheath. 
 
 Goodwyn, Thomas Wildman, Esq. 21, East Smitlifield. 
 
300 APPENDIX, 
 
 Gosling, William, Esq. 19, Fleet-street. 
 
 Graham, Sandford, Esq. Portland-place. 
 
 Green, George, Esq, Poplar. 
 
 Grenfell, Pascoe, Esq. Charles-street, St. James's. 
 
 Grote, George, Esq. 62, Threadneedle-street. 
 
 Guillebaud, the Rev. Peter, Mr. Lea's, 26, Old Jewry. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hastings, the Most Noble Francis Marquis of. 
 
 Hertford, the Most Noble Marquis of, Manchester-square. 
 
 Hadow, Patrick, Esq. Colney Chapel, Herts. 
 
 Hale, Rev. W. H. Christ's Hospital. 
 
 Hallett, James, Esq. 12, North Audley-street. 
 
 Hambrough, John, Esq. 16, Hereford-street. 
 
 Hankey, Thomson, Esq. 7, Mincing-lane. 
 
 Harman, Jeremiah, Esq. Adam's-court, Broad-street. 
 
 Harrison, Benjamin, Esq. Guy's Hospital. 
 
 Hathaway, William Silas, Esq. I..loyd's Coffee-house. 
 
 Helps, Thomas, Esq. 121, Cheapside. 
 
 Henckell, George, Esq. 12, Welbeck-street. 
 
 Hensley, Isaac, Esq. 16, Throgmoi'ton-street. 
 
 Hoare, Charles, Esq. Fleet-street. 
 
 Hoare, Henry, Esq. 37, Fleet-street. 
 
 Hoare, Samuel, Esq. 62, Lombard-street. 
 
 Hoare, Samuel, jun. Esq. Lombard-street. 
 
 Hobson, Joshua, Esq. 34, Great St. Helen's. 
 
 Hodges, Edward, jun, Esq. Herne-hill, Camberwell. 
 
 Hodgson, Frederick, Esq. 
 
 Holford, John Josiah, Esq. 39, York-place, Portman-square. 
 
 Hollond, Edward, Esq. 37, Devonshire-place. 
 
 Hollond, Thomas Stanhope, Esq. 37, Devonshire-place. 
 
 Hoskins, Rev, Dr. James Williams, Appleton, near Abingdon, 
 
 Berks. 
 Howard, Edward, Esci. Cork-street, Burlington-street, 
 
LIST OF GOVERNORS. 301 
 
 Jackson, John, Esq. G5, Leadcnhall-street. 
 
 James, Rice, Esq. 20, Warwick-street, Charing-cross. 
 
 James, Thomas, Et^q. Nelson-terrace, Stoke Newington. 
 
 Jemmett, George Elwick, Esq. Ashford, Kent. 
 
 Jessopp, John, Esq. 6, CHfford's-inn, 
 
 Johnson, Charles Frederick, Esq. Royal Exchange, 
 
 Jones, John, Esq. Brunswick-square. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kemble, Thomas, Esq. 10, Mincing-lane. 
 
 Keys, Mr, Richard, 10, Hunter-street, Brunswick-square. 
 
 King, Joseph, Esq, 6, Gray's-inn-square. 
 
 Kirwan, Anthony, Esq. 79, Pall Mall. 
 
 Kirwan, Matthew, Esq, 2, Riches-court. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lauderdale, Right Hon. Earl of, 
 
 Lonsdale, Right Hon. William Earl of, 12, Charles-street, Ber- 
 keley-square. 
 Lowther, Right Hon. Lord Viscount, Spring-gardens. 
 Lubbock, Sir John William, Bart. Mildrcd's-covirt, Poultry. 
 Ladbroke, Felix, Esq. Pall Mall. 
 Lane, John, Esq. 10, Nicholas-lane, Lombard-street. 
 Latham, George, Esq. 20, Champion-hill. 
 Latham, Richard, Esq. Great-Russell-street. 
 Law, Rev, Dr. John, Rochester, Kent, 
 Lea, Richard, Esq. Old Jewry. 
 Leech, John, Esq. Crescent, New Bridge-street, 
 Le Mesurier, Benjamin, Esq. 16, Devonshire-square, 
 
302 APPENDIX. 
 
 Littler, Thomas, Esq. 50, Warwick-street, Charing-cross. 
 Locke, John, Esq. America-square- 
 Lucas, Charles, Esq. 17, Harp-lane, 
 
 M. 
 
 Milton, Right Hon. Lord, Grosvenor-place. 
 
 Maberly, John, Esq. Grosvenor-square. 
 
 M'Taggart, John, Esq. Mincing-lane. 
 
 Madan, Rev. Dr. Ibstock, near Lichfield, 
 
 Magniac, Francis, Esq. Kensington. 
 
 Mander, Mr. John Ryland, 50, Cannon-street. 
 
 Mangles, James, Esq. 572, Wapping. 
 
 Marsh, William, Esq. Knightsbridge. 
 
 Masterman, John, Esq. While Hart-court, Lombard-street. 
 
 Mellish, William, Esq. Shadwell Dock. 
 
 Mellish, William, Esq. 112, Bishopsgate-street. 
 
 Merle, William, Esq. Cox's-court, Little Britain. 
 
 Mills, Samuel, Esq. 20, Finsbury-place. 
 
 Mitchell, Francis Henry, Esq. Mincing-lane. 
 
 Mundy, Edward Miller, Esq. 12, Montague-square, 
 
 N, 
 
 Neave, Sir Thomas, Bart. 30, Old Burlington-street, 
 
 Noel, Hon. Charles Noel, Barham-court, Maidstone. 
 
 Nash, Andrew John, Esq. 75, Cornhill. 
 
 Nash, George Augustus, Esq 75, Cornhill. 
 
 NichoU, John, Esq. 26, Bruton-street. 
 
 Nicholson, Stephen, Esq. 32, Abclmrch-lane. 
 
 Nixson, Thomas, Esq. 5, Canterbury-row, Newington Butts, 
 
 Nouaille, Peter, Esq. Greatness, near Seven-oaks. 
 
 Ommancy, Sir Francis Molyncux, Knt. 21, Norfolk-street. 
 Oxendcn, Sir Henry, Bart Broome, Kent. 
 
LIST OF GOVERNORS. 303 
 
 Peel, Sir Robert, Bart. IG, Upper Grosvenor-street. 
 
 Pusey, the Hon. Philip, 35, Grosvenor-squarc. 
 
 Palmer, John Horsley, Esq. 52, Queen Anne-street, Cavendish- 
 
 squai'e, 
 Paynter, Francis, Esq. Denmark Hill, Cambcrwell. 
 Paynter, Samuel, Esq. Richmond. 
 Perry, John, Esq. 62, Montagu-square. 
 Petit, Louis Hayes, Esq. 9, New-square, Lincoln's-inn. 
 Pickering, William, Esq. College-hill, Thames-street. 
 Piesehell, Charles, Esq. 26, New Norfolk-street, Park-lane. 
 Pinchback, William, Esq. Camberwell, 
 Pinhey, Hamnet Kirkes, Esq. 3, New London-street, Crutched- 
 
 Friars, and Merton, Surrey, 
 Pitcher, Henry Jones, Esq. Imperial Hotel, Covent-garden. 
 Pitcher, Thomas, Esq. Grove Cottage, Blackheath. 
 Plasket, Thomas, Esq. Old Burlington-street. 
 Piatt, Thomas, Esq. Stamford-street, Blackfriars. 
 Plumer, William, Esq. 4, Cavendish-square, 
 Ponton, Thomas, Esq. jun. 4, Hill-street, Berkeley-street. 
 Powell, James, Esq. 11, Little St, Helen's. 
 Powell, James, Esq. 60, Carey-street, Lincoln"s-inn, 
 Poynder, Thomas, Esq. 6, Bishopsgatc-street. 
 Poynder, Thomas, Esq. jun. 2, Montagu-place, 
 Prickett, Robert, Esq. 74, Harley-street. 
 Puller, Richard, Esq. 14, Lincoln's-inn-fields. 
 Purling, George, Esq. Hertford-street, 
 
 R. 
 
 Radnor, Right Hon, Earl of, 52, Lower Grosvenor-street. 
 RoUe, the Right Hon. Lord, Upper Grosvenor-street, 
 
304 APPENDIX. 
 
 Raikes, William Matthew, 79, London-wall. 
 
 Ray, Robert, Esq. iO, Montagu-place. 
 
 Remington, James G. Esq. 19, Gloucester-place, Portman-square. 
 
 Rivington, Francis, Esq. 62, St, Paul's Church-yard. 
 
 Robarts, Abraham W. Esq. Lombard-street. 
 
 Roberts, John, Esq. Newgate-street. 
 
 Roberts, Thomas, Esq. 4, Russell-square. 
 
 Rogers, Francis, Esq. at Messrs. Masters and Co. Chancery-lane 
 
 Rogers, John, Esq. at Messrs. Masters and Co. Chancery-lane 
 
 Rogers, John, Esq. 31, Swithin's-lane. 
 
 Rothwell, Thomas Button. Esq. King-street, Cheapside. 
 
 Rowley, Colonel John, 90, Pall Mall. .^ 
 
 Rucker, Daniel H. Esq. Melrose-hall, near Putney. 
 
 Rucker, John Anthony, Esq. 29, Mincing-lane. 
 
 Rundell, Philip, Esq. 32, Ludgate-street. 
 
 Russell, Jesse Watts, Esq. 33, Portland-place. 
 
 Salisbury, Most Noble James, Marquis of, 20, Arlington-street. 
 
 Spencer, Right Hon. Earl, 27, St. James's-place. 
 
 Seymour, Right Hon. Lord Henry, Isle of Wight. 
 
 Samler, William, Esq. St. Andrew's-hill, Thames-street. 
 
 Saunders, Mr. Nathaniel, 133, Upper Thames -street. 
 
 Sayer, Thomas, Esq. Mr. Shirley's, 11, Lime-street. 
 
 Scott, Claude, Esq. 29, Bruton-street. 
 
 Scott, George, Esq. Hammersmith. 
 
 Secretan, Frederick, Esq. Lloyd's Coffee-house. 
 
 Shepley, Michael, Esq. 28, Devonshire-place. 
 
 Slade, Robert, Esq. 20, Doctors'-commons. 
 
 Smart, William, Escj. 69, Basinghall-street. 
 
 Smith, Samuel, Esq. 39, Berkeley-square. 
 
 Smith, Mr. Gust, A. IS, Little St. Thomas Apostle. 
 
LIST OF GOVERNORS. 305 
 
 Stoe, Harry, Esq. South Sea House. 
 
 Stracey, Randolph, Esq. 9, Whitechapel. 
 
 Stringer, Miles, Esq. 5, Monument-yard, 
 
 Strong, Clement Samuel, Esq. 20, Upper Seymour-street. 
 
 Strong, Rev. Thomas Linwood, Upper Seymour-street. 
 
 Strutt, Joseph Holden, Esq. 2, Stratford-place. 
 
 Stuart, Mr. Charles, 8, Tower-street. 
 
 Tatnall, William, Esq. Laistou Old Abbey, near Saxmundham, 
 
 SuflFolk. 
 Thackeray, John, Esq. St. Dunstan's-hill. 
 Thomson, Andrew Henry, Esq. 51, Old Broad-street. 
 Thornton, Samuel, Esq. 6, King's Arms-yard, Coleman-street. 
 Thornton, Robert, Esq. 
 Thorp, Samuel, Esq. 14, Aldgate. 
 Thorp, Alfred, Esq. 14, Aldgate. 
 Torin, Robert, Esq. Kelvedon, Esse.v. 
 Trimby, James, Esq, Queen-street, Cheapside. 
 Trotter, John, Esq. 5, Bulstrode-street, 
 Turner, John, Esq. Putney, 
 Turner, John, Esq. Mortlake, Surrey, 
 Turner, Charles H. Esq. Rook's Nest, Godstone, Surrey, 
 Tyson, George Francis, Esq. 29, Grosvenor-square, 
 
 Vallance, Thomas, Esq. 120, Cheapside. 
 Vanderoora, J. M. Esq. Great Bush-lane, Cannon-street. 
 Vaughan, William, Esq. 1, Dunster-court, Mincing-lane, 
 Vere, James, Esq, 164, Bishopsgate-street-without, 
 Vere, Peter, Esq. 35, Grosvenor-place, 
 
506 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 U. 
 
 Usborne, John, Esq. Broad-street-buildings. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wigram, Sir Robert, Bart. 10, Connaught-place. 
 
 Wace, Richard, Esq. 3, Castle-street, Falcon-square. 
 
 Walker, John, Esq. 49, Bedford-square. 
 
 Walters, David, Esq. at Mr. Nettevill's, Stock Exchange. 
 
 Ward, Mr. John. 
 
 Warner, Thomas Courtenay, Esq. Walthamstow. 
 
 Warre, John Ashley, Esq. 3, Stratford-place. 
 
 Way, Rev. Lewis, Stanstead Park, near Emsworth, 
 
 Weddell, John, Esq. 15, Aldgate. 
 
 Weddell, Samuel, Esq. Aldgate. 
 
 Weeding, Thomas, Esq. 96, Guildford-street. 
 
 Weller, Rev. Dr. James, East Clanden, near Guildford, Surrey, 
 
 Wells, John, Esq. Bickley, near Bromley, TCent. 
 
 West, James Lev^■is, Mr. Robinson's, 6, Austin-friai-s. 
 
 Weyland, John, Esq. Lower Grosvenor- street. 
 
 White, Edward, Esq. 8, Greek-street, Soho* " 
 
 White, John, Esq. 17, Charlotte-street, Bloomsbmy. 
 
 Whitmore, John, Esq. Frederick's-place, Old Jewry. 
 
 Wilby, William, Esq. Christ's Hospital. 
 
 Wilby, Lieutenant -Colonel William Henry. 
 
 Wilkinson, Thomas, Esq. 45, Lime-street. 
 
 Williams, Robert, Esq. 20, Birchin-lane. 
 
 Williams, Owen, Esq. 41, Hill-street, Berkeley-squai e. 
 
 Williams, John, Esq. 78,Comhill. 
 
 Willis, William, Esq. 76, Lombard-street. 
 
 Willis, William, jun. Esq. New Bridge-street. 
 
 VVilson, Fletcher, Esq. 6, Warnford-court, 'I'hrogmoiton-t-tiect. 
 
 Wilson, John Broadley, Esq. Clapham Common. 
 
LIST OF GOVERNORS. 307 
 
 Wolfe, John, Esq. Woodhall, near Bishop's Stortford. 
 Wood, Thomas, Esq. Littleton, Middlesex. 
 Woolmore, John, Esq. 15, Jerusalem Coffee-house, Cornhill. 
 Wrench, Rev. Tiiomas R. Rectory- house, Cornhill, 
 Wright, J. Smith, Esq Wilford, Nottinghamshire. 
 Wyatt, Thomas, Esq. Holborn-bridge. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Young, Brown, Esq. 54, Watling-street. 
 
308 APPENDIX. 
 
 LIST OF OFFICERS. 
 
 President, Sir William Curtis, Bart, M. P. 
 
 Treasurer, James Palmer^ Esq. 
 
 Chief Clerk, Mr. Thomas Wilby. 
 
 Receiver and Wardrobe-keeper, Mr. Matthew Cotton. 
 
 Assistant Clerks, Mr. R. Peacock and Mr. F. Murgatroyd. 
 
 Surveyor, Mr. Shaw. 
 
 Solicitor, Mr. J. Maberley. 
 
 First Classical Master, Rev. A. W. TroUope, D.D. j second ditto. 
 
 Rev. J, Greenwood ; third ditto. Rev. E. Rice ; fourth ditto. 
 
 Rev, R. Lynam. 
 Mathematical Master, Rev. R. N. Adams, M. A, 
 Writing Masters, Mr. T, Goddard and Mr. G. Reynolds. 
 Drawing Master, Mr. J. Wells. 
 Music Master, Mr. R. Glen. 
 Physician, Dr. Budd. 
 Surgeon, J, Abernethy, esq. 
 Apothecary, Mr. H. Field. 
 Steward, Mr. T. Huggins. 
 Matron, Mrs. C. Green. 
 
 At Hertford. 
 Grammar Master, Rev. W. Franklin, M. A. -< 
 Writing Master, Mr. H. R. Whiltell. 
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