CHEMICAL TABLES BY STEPHEN P. SHARPLES, S.B. M wiwiftsrrr j .CAUFQ CAMBRIDGE: SEVER AND FRANCIS, BOOKSELLERS TO THE CNIVERSITV. 1866. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by S. P. 8HARPLES, in the Clerk s Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. -3 i UNIVERSITY PRESS: WELCH, BIGELOW, & Co., CAMBRIDGE. PREFACE THE following work was undertaken at the suggestion of Dr. Wolcott Gibbs, and has been executed under his immediate supervision. No labor has been spared to render the collection of tables as complete as possible, and to insure perfect accuracy in the figures. In all cases the tables have been taken from the original sources, or have been carefully compared with them. The tables on pages 94-99, 100-108, are new, and have been computed expressly for this work : the logarithms at the end of the volume are taken from the well-known five-figure table of August. Many tables have been introduced, which are not in common use in the laboratory. This has been done partly for the sake of completeness, but principally because the progress of science continually brings the physical and chemical properties of bodies into closer relations with each other. Thus the researches of Landolt have recently shown that the chemical constitution of a mixture or compound may, in many cases, be deduced with accuracy from its optical properties alone. The tables usually found in works on chemistry, giving the vapor densi ties of bodies referred to air taken as unity, have been omitted in this work, for the reason that it is always more convenient to refer gases and vapors to hydrogen as the unit of density as well as of weight and volume, and the vapor density is then very simply and directly related to the atomic weight. The table of wave lengths on page 148 will be found convenient for use in connection with KirchhofTs chart of the spectrum. With its assistance the wave length of any observed line may be determined with sufficient accuracy by the ordinary methods of interpolation. The Editor will be greatly obliged for any criticisms or suggestions which may enable him to render the work more perfect in case it should pass to a second edition. S. P. S. LAWRENCE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL, Cambridge, June, 1866. CONTENTS. PAOB ELEMENTS, their Equivalents and Logarithms 5 Atomic and Molecular Weights of the Elements 7 Formulas, Equivalents, and Per Cents of the Constituents of Compounds . 9 Factors for Analysis 20 Formulas for Indirect Estimation 23 Factors for Soda, Potassa, and Binoxide of Manganese .... 24 Table of Per Cents of Chlorine and Binoxide of Manganese . . .25 " " Chlorine in Cloride of Lime .... 26 Specific Gravity of the Elements 29 " " frequently occurring Combinations .... 30 Ammonia, Per Cent of, in Solution 35 Potassa " " 36 Soda " " " 36 Sulphuric Acid, Specific Gravity of 37 " * Table for diluting . .38 Nitric Acid, Specific Gravity of 39 Hydrochloric Acid, Specific Gravity of 40 Acetic Acid " " 41 Alcohol, Per Cent of, in dilute Spirits by Weight 42 Volume 43 " Table for diluting by Volume 44 Weight 45 Salt, Per Cent of common, in Solutions 46 Specific and Atomic Heat of the Elements 51 Specific Heats of some of the most common Substances . . . .52 Latent Heat of Vaporization 53 Specific Heat of Bodies in solid, liquid, and gaseous states . . .54 " " Gases and Vapors 56 " " Water and Latent Heat of Vapor of Water . . .57 Total Heat of Vaporization 57 Linear Expansion of Solid Bodies 58 Cubical " " " 60 VI CONTENTS. Expansion of a Glass Vessel 61 " Glass 62 " " Mercury 63 Thermometers, Comparison of Air and Mercury 64 Centigrade and Fahrenheit . . .65 " " Fahrenheit and Centigrade ... 66 Expansions and Boiling-Points of Liquids 68 Elevation of Boiling-Point, by Solution of Salts 72 Volume of Water at different Temperatures 72 Tension of Vapor of Alcohol 74 Ether 75 " " Bisulphide of Carbon 75 " " Chloroform 76 Benzine 76 " " Chloride of Carbon 76 Ethyl . - 77 " " Bromide " 77 " " Iodide " 77 Wood Spirit 78 " " Acetone 78 " " Bromide of Ethylene 78 Chloride of Silicon 79 " " Tef chloride Of Phosphorus 79 Boron 79 " " Chloride of Cyanogen 80 " " Oil of Turpentine 80 " " Sulphur 1 80 " w Sulphurous Acid 81 " Oxide of Methyl 81 Clorideof " 81 " " Ammonia 81 ** Sulphuretted Hydrogen 82 * " Carbonic Acid 82 " " Protoxide of Nitrogen 82 Heat Units evolved by combination of Elements 83 Combustion in Oxygen 84 " Action of Bromine and Iodine . . . .85 Chlorine 86 " Combination of Acids and Bases . . . .86 Formulas for Weights and Volumes and Densities of Gases ... 89 Physical Properties of Gases 93 Logarithms of ^ fromA = l to A = 699 94 ." ". h = 700. to h ~ 780.9 . 98 CONTENTS. Vii Logarithms of j-^-^J^yy from ^=0.1 to < = 350.9 . . . .100 Tension of Vapor of Water from 32 to + 320 . . . . 109 " " for each ^ of a degree from 85 to 101 . Ill " 10 to +35 112 " " Mercury 114 , , , - 0.0012562 Tabl60f (14-0.003670760 115 0.0012932 ......... 116 760(1-1-0.003670 _ 0.00367 1 + 0.00367 < Examples of the Use of Table for Redaction of a Barometer to . . 123 Reduction of Barometer with Glass Scale to C. . . . . 124 " Brass Scale " 132 "Water Pressure to Mercury Pressure . . . . 133 Correction of Barometrical Column for Capillarity 134 Coefficients of Absorption of Gases 136 Estimation of Weight of Gases from their Volumes . . . .140 Formulas for Use of Tables relating to Light 147 Wave Lengths 148, 149 Indices of Refraction 150 " of Essential Oils 154 " " of Hydrocarbons of Essential Oils . . . 156 Solubilities of some of the more common Precipitates . . . .161 French Weights and Measures 163 English and French Weights and Measures compared . . . .164 Table of Logarithms 167 TABLES FOR THE CALCULATION OF ANALYSES. TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS. Element. Symbol. Equiva lent. Log. Remarks. Aluminum Al 13.75 1.138303 Antimony Sb 120.00 2.079181 122 Dexter, 120.3 Schneider. Arsenic As 75.00 1.875061 Barium Ba 68.50 1.835691 68.59 Marignac. Bismuth Bi 208.00 2.318063 Boron B 11.00 .041393 11.04 Berzelius. Bromine Br 80.00 .903090 79.97 Marignac. Cadmium Cd 56.00 .748188 Caesium Cs 133.00 .123852 Calcium Ca 20.00 .301030 Carbon C 6.00 .778151 Cerium Ce 46.00 .662758 Chlorine Cl 35.50 .550228 35.46 Marignac. Chromium Cr 26.00 .414973 26.24 Berlin, Peligot. Cobalt Co 30.00 .477121 Copper Cu 31.75 .501744 31.73 Erdmann & Marchand. Didymium D 48.00 1.681241 Erbium E 56.30 1.750508 Fluorine F 19.00 1.278754 Glucinum G 4.66 0.668386 Gold Au 197.00 2.294466 196.67 Berzelius. I I ydrogen H 1.00 0.000000 Indium In 37.00 1.568202 Iodine I 127.00 2.103804 Indium Ir 98.00 1.991226 Iron Fe 28.00 1.447158 Lanthanum La 47.00 1.672098 46.4 Holzmann. Lead Pb 103.50 2.014940 103.57 Berzelius. Lithium L 7.00 0.845098 6.95 Mallet. Magnefluon Mg 12.00 1.079181 [Hauer. Manganese Mn 27.00 1.431364 27.57 Berzelius, 27.5 Von Mercury Hg 100.00 2.000000 100.05 Erdmann & Marchand. Molybdenum Mo 46.00 1.662758 Nickel Ni 29.00 1.462398 Niobium Nb 94.00 1.973128 When NbO 6 = Niobic acid. Nitrogen N 14.00 1.146128 THE ELEMENTS AND THEftl EQUIVALENTS. Element. Symbol. Equiva lent. Log. Remarks. Osmium Os 97.00 1.986772 99.82 Fremy. Oxygen O 8.00 0.903090 Palladium Pd 53.20 .725912 53.24 Berzelius. Phosphorus P 31.00 .491362 Platinum Pt 99.00 .995635 98.94 Andrews. Potassium K 39.00 .591065 39.11 Marignac. Rhodium R 52.00 .716003 52.16 Berzelius. Rubidium Rb 85.40 .931458 Ruthenium Ru 52.00 .716003 Selenium Se 39.50 .596597 39.41 Erdmann & Marchand. Silicon Si 14.00 .146128 When Silicic acid = SiO 2 . Silver Ag 108.00 .033424 Sodium NS 23.00 .361728 [louze. Strontium Sr 43.75 .640978 43.67 Stromeyer, 43.85 Pe- Sulphur S 16.00 .204120 Tantalum Ta 172.00 2.235528 When Tantalic acid = TaO 5 . Tellurium Te 64.00 1.806180 64.14 Berzelius. Thallium Tl 204.00 2.309630 Thorium Th 118.00 2.071882 When Thoria = ThO a . Tin Sn 58.00 1.763428 Titanium Ti 25.00 1.397940 Tungsten W 92.00 1.963788 Uranium U 60.00 1.778151 Vanadium V 68.50 1.835691 68.54 Berzelius. Yttrium Y 30.85 1.489255 Zinc Zn 32.50 1.511883 32.52 Axel, Erdmann. Zirconium Zr 44.80 1.651278 When Zirconia = ZrO 2 . THE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN NATURAL GROUPS. TABLE GIVING THE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN NATURAL GROUPS; WITH THEIR MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC WEIGHTS. 1. Monatomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 1 Atom of Hydrogen. Element. Atomic Weight. Molecular Weight. Element. Atomic Weight. Molecular Weight. Bromine 80.00 160.00 Lithium 7.00 14.00 Chlorine 35.50 71.00 Potassium 39.00 78.00 Caesium 133.00 266.00 Rubidium 85.40 170.80 Fluorine 19.00 38.00 Silver 108.00 216.00 Gold 197.00 394.00 Sodium 23.00 46.00 Hydrogen 1.00 2.00 Thallium 204.00 408.00 Iodine 127.00 254.00 2. Diatomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 2 Atoms of Hydrogen. Element. Atomic Weight. Molecular Weight. Element. Atomic Weight. Molecular Weight. Oxygen 16.00 32.00 Indium ? 74.00 148.00 Sulphur 32.00 64.00 Cobalt 60.00 120.00 Selenium 79.00 158.00 Nickel 58.00 116.00 Tellurium 128.00 256.00 Cadmium 112.00 224.00 Calcium 40.00 80.00 Copper 63.50 127.00 Barium 137.00 274.00 Mercury 200.00 400.00 Strontium 87.50 175.00 Cerium 92.00 184.00 Lead 207.00 414.00 Didymium 96.00 192.00 Iron 56.00 112.00 Lanthanum 94.00 188.00 Manganese 54.00 108.00 Yttrium 61.70 123.40 Chromium 52.00 104.00 Erbium 112.60 225.20 Aluminum 27.50 55.00 Glucinum 9.32 18.64 Zinc 65.00 130.00 Uranium 120.00 240.00 Magnesium 24.00 48.00 3. Triatomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 3 Atoms of Hydrogen. Element. Atomic Wcifht Molecular Weight. Element. Atomic Weight. Molecular Weight. Nitrogen Phosphorus Arsenic Antimony Bismuth 14.00 31.00 75.00 120.00 208.00 28.00 121.00 300.00 480.00 832.00 Boron Molybdenum ? Tungsten ? Vanadium ? 11.00 92.00 184.00 137.00 9 y ? ? THE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN NATURAL GROUPS. 4. Tetratomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 4 Atoms of Hydrogen. Element. Atomic Weight. Molecular Weight. Element. Atomic Weight. Molecular Weight. Carbon Silicon Zirconium Thorium Tin Titanium 12.00 28.00 89.60 236.00 116.00 50.00 24.00 ? 56.00? 179.20? 472.00? 232.00? 100.00? Osmium Palladium Platinum Iridium Rhodium Ruthenium 194.00 106.40 198.00 196.00 104.00 104.00 388.00 ? 212.80? 396.00? 392.00 ? 208.00 ? 208.00? 5. Pentalomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 5 Atoms of Hydrogen. Element. Atomic Weight. Molecular Weight. Element. Atomic Wright. Molecular Weight. Tantalum 344.00 688.00? Niobium 198.00 396.00? CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. o o OQ H o o K a li^^S3 :r>l ^OCQt<M-<^CO ( >Tl<OO C5 00 CO r-l QO O <N _ _ 6 5 * O O w a <N to + + 10 CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. I- dU <> H 50000055-;joooooo ooooooo O O OOOOOO r -^ co 06 oi -i co 06 I-(<MTHT-| + f o + b 2 2 asssss CO i ^ CO O " . fcCTi " 00000 O III i B 5 o -pp* c^, CO 111 Hi 1. - CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. 11 3~ CD ~n tv. CD o 00 csjt^"*t-.,_iO ^^^^-tci^^ "" * r-t O 00 00 CO ^ t- t- O i-5 <>i co iei o o <~i Tf CO OO CO CO o 00 o ^! ie -o <I<) CO -^ i^ tc cs Tj< CO CO CO CO CO W CO rj c: so co -C ^ 10 " 30 0000000 o o o o o o o 000000 o o 01 o o o o > o co id o" C5 (M 00 CO CO O ^_ 7J _ _ 71 _ t-i CD t* O GO b- t^ 00 CO C^ G<1 (M r-4 r-t CQ O O fe ) i 1 3 2 g-S ^; ^ 1f| .S.2 g r o o T: .z w c 8 2 2 2 " >,^>U s 3 > = = i 1 != 12 CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. 0000000000000000000010000000 OOOO OiOOOOOOOOOiOOOOOOt^- COOOOO S _O _O oo t 3 e<3 c3 /H. O O "-^ rt stf O O ,T s_i f-T O o" O 3 ^?*S^^ /X QJ cc^^<1pqpQpqpqttooooooooooooQ<<KKSfa Is | | ^ |I s 1.^ 1 1| .-i.^i _rf fl5 C^ ^ _jS s ** / . ^i ^ f r> ^ c/2 SVjnMO*^lE ^ *3 o .3 X ^ E^S TJ <u<:;i 3S 2o S >< o r ^-r; P^,x . O C ^ ^ t3 *r, ^"5 ^-S - ,0 C3 O CU <s5 M ^ O prf " O^ S-tf* *~ x ^ ^ s 5 cc2S .2 o t^3 rt ^3^:^=0 30 < <j <j < pq pqpq oo o OOQO oo CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. 13 00000000000000 OOOOOOO oooooooooooooo ooooooo A H-3 14 CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. 11 OOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOO>-OOOOOOOOOiO -* ^ ^ < t en ^ *"* S ^ CC 02 < <J <5 O O ooooooooo OOOOOOOOt^ O o" -o o go cfo & 05 ."2 ,1 c CHEMICAL COMBINATION-. 15 oi rH i - o CO JN C hM t_H b^ CO CD CO 1 1 c: co CO CO 00 C?^ <w IH eo -) r M co A rH C5 ^T iq 13 CO CO ^ CO CO CO . ^-; ^ ^* CO Ci O> CO CO CO 4O C^ *O *>1 * CO r?V? S* CO 2 S^ci St-r^^o^^g^ W ^ IQ K M w >^ CG:/2CC ^^oDrta* 0000008080 * QO 7 C5 < C5 t>. CO C5 30 --. ^ c4 CO * ^ .^ ^ CO M3 ^ ~. c^ vy ^H i~~ 3 Tj 00 Q ^C^OTtT^QOiOCOC^t^CO ^ W)0^ *^)8 --dflg S^^^^<5^^^c^^N 3 C C CO Q II o o o o 0000 00000000000 ooooooooooo 8 8 SS C5 ^ O C5 CO 00 O ^ C^ ^ C^ i c^ -^ O* OO c^ ." X t ^ CO * * - <* CD rH 1 t 1 ( T-( 1 1 o X Oi 00 CO rs a II o" s 1 rf 5 P a o K Q c 7 G CO CO _|_ 00 N <1 I<J K H G* -N ^02 Of 02 c c C cK/2 ofaf^^ ^"^ ^ C c C c o 03 CO Ofe^Pn SSWW^<<^^;^cccN & s ^ ^ ^ ^52; 2 I.! ! o| 1 IS "^ "^^ J^ 1 M ^ -2 3 ~ rH ~ ^ r= -= = !* Ill, il oil f. | a ^^|" |||fi .^ ^ -^" 7 "5 a PQ - -fi 5 ^ bj .2 ^ ;= -J 5 f_, o r 7 g a &a~ i j. T.J - - g-2 - - 1 cT 1 1 1 I B 3 2 - c 0^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H ^ N 6 ^ :/ * 5 16 CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. CO CO 00 OOOOOOOOOOOOOiOO OOOOOOO O>OOOOOO 3 a 00 b- CO Tt CO o ^ CO <> 52 PQW <O CM <N CO l-H CO s + I s .5 <y s I S-s . I . | PQffl CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. 17 fli i! PIP gS o ! 03 = = o o o o o o iO O O O O O r-i co <>i t^ ^ co CO t- 30 CT5 -*t < rH 5-1 C5 rH 2<l OOOOOOOO q o q t>- r4 O O C5 iT5 CO rH ^ 00 ^ Ci rH <N I^S ** ^ 10 10 10 10 co ... CO rH <N 00 O CO rH 9 000 O t^ ^ ^H oooo 0000 CO C-l CO ^ t>- O Tf O . R --- o o 9 o~ o^ 6 6 w M 3 --a a "5 - S P b.l s.3 c c "o cJ 1 18 CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. ar* 00000 00 S-?; ~ + cf 00 >0 <M CO -H ^ Q o < ^ ^ ( : ^ CO lO rj* iO (N O CO <; ^ co cr> co CO T* 1 I g OD TO rH O + sf ooo W K S + + + H* 000 00 CO ^ KOOOOOO 1 S fl ri a s.. ^ o 5O CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS. 19 3 S g 3 S 3 o o o - c c d>c U <=> 00000000 OOOOOOO OOOOOOOO 10 OOOOt^OO o o o o o o o o o o d o od oi <M" cc r: 30 oo co M C^ H C^ CO w 1 2 o c " 2 f 2o II IH K 4- + S 0" Antimony Ac an " Calcium I titiissium " u 20 FACTORS. TABLE OF FACTORS FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE SUBSTANCE FOUND IN ANALYSIS TO THE ONE SOUGHT. The weight found multiplied by the factor gives the weight of the substance sought. FRESENIUS S ANALYSIS. Element. Found. Sought. Factor. Aluminum ALO. AL 0.5340 Ammonium NH 4 C1 NH, 0.3178 NH.C1 NH 4 0.3365 NH 4 Cl,PtCl a NH 3 0.0760 Antimony NH 4 Cl,PtCl a SbO, NH 4 O Sb 0.1163 0.8335 SbS 3 Sb 0.7143 SbO 4 Sb 0.7896 Sb0 4 Sb0 8 0.9474 Arsenic AsO 3 As 0.7576 As0 5 As 0.6522 As(X AsO 3 0.8609 AsS 3 As 0.6098 AsS 3 AsO 3 0.8049 AsS 3 AsO 5 0.9349 Barium 2MgO,NH 4 0,As0 6 + HO 2M<rO,NH 4 0,As0 6 -fHO BaO AsO r As0 3 Ba 0.6053 0.5211 0.8955 BaO, SO, BaO 0.6567 BaFl, SiFL BaO 0.5484 Bismuth BiO, Bi 0.8965 Boron BO, 3 B 0.3143 Bromine AcBr Br 0.4255 Cadmium CdO Cd 0.8750 Caesium CsCl Cs 0.7893 CsO,S0 3 CsO 0.7790 Calcium CaO Ca 0.7143 CaO, S0 3 CaO 0.4118 CaO, CO 2 CaO 0.5600 Carbon CO CaO, CO, C CO S 0.2727 0.4400 Cerium Ce 3 4 Ce 0.8118 Chlorine AgCl Cl 0.2474 AgCl IIC1 0.2537 Chromium Cr 2 3 Cr 0.6842 FACTORS. 21 Element. Found. Sought. Factor. Chromium Cr 2 3 CrO 3 0.6579 PbO, Cr0 3 Cr0 3 0.3096 Cobalt Co CoO 1.2667 CoO, S0 3 CoO 0.4872 Copper CuO Cu 0.7987 Didymium Erbium CuJ3 DO ErO Cu D Er 0.7987 0.8571 0.8756 Fluorine CaF F 0.4872 SiF, F 0.7308 Glucinum GO G 0.3681 Hydrogen HO H 0.1111 Indium InS In 0.6981 Iodine Agl I 0.5404 Pdl I 0.7042 Iron Fe 2 3 Fe 0.7000 Fe 2 3 FeO 0.9000 Lanthanum LaO La 0.8545 Lead PbO Pb 0.9283 PbO, SO. Pb 0.6832 PbCl Pb 0.7446 PbS Pb 0.8661 Lithium 3LO,PO 5 LO 0.3879 LCI L 0.1647 Magnesium MgO Mg 0.6000 M^O, SO, MgO 0.3333 2MgO, PO 6 MgO 0.3604 Manganese MnO Mn 0.7714 Mn 2 O 3 MnO 0.8973 Mn 3 O 4 MnO 0.9292 MnO, S0 3 MnO 0.4667 2MnO, PO S MnO 0.4965 Mercury Hg Hg 2 O 1.0400 HgO 1.0800 Hg 2 Cl HgS H g 0.8492 0.8621 Molybdenum Nickel MoO 3 NiO Mo Ni 0.6571 0.7838 Niobium Nitrogen NbO, NH 4 C1, PtCL Nb N 0.7015 0.0627 Pt N 0.1414 Oxygen AgC 2 N |g>. CJST HON 0.1941 0.2015 0.4660 SbO 3 0.1665 AsO 3 0.2424 As0 5 O 0.3478 22 FACTORS. Element. Found. Sought. Factor. Oxygen BaO o 0.1045 BiO 3 o 0.1035 CdO o 0.1250 CaO 0.2857 Cr 2 3 o 0.3158 CuO 0.2012 HO 0.8889 Fe 8 8 o 0.3000 FeO 0.2222 PbO o 0.0717 MgO 0.4000 MnO o 0.2286 Mn,O 4 0.2832 Mn 2 3 o 0.3077 MnO a o 0.3721 Mn0 3 0.4706 Mn 2 O T HgO T o 0.5091 0.0741 H&O o 0.0385 KO o 0.1706 SiO 2 AgO 0.5333 0.0690 NaO o 0.2581 SrO 0.1546 SnO o 0.2162 ZnO 0.1976 Potassium KO K 0.8294 KO, SO 3 KO 0.5402 KO,NO 6 KO 0.4654 KC1 KO 0.6309 KC1 K 0.6235 KC1, PtCL KO 0.1922 KC1, PtCL KC1 0.3047 Rubidium RbCl RbO 0.7725 RbO Rb 0.9143 Silicon Si0 2 Si 0.4667 Silver AgCi Ag 0.7526 AgCl AgO 0.8084 Sodium NaO Na 0.7419 NaO, S0 3 NaO 0.4366 NaO,N0 5 NaO 0.3647 NaCl NaO 0.5299 NaCl Na 0.3922 NaO, C0 2 NaO 0.5849 Strontium SrO Sr 0.8454 SrO, SO, SrO 0.5640 SrO, C0 2 SrO 0.7015 FACTORS. 23 Element. Found. Sought. Factor. Sulphur BaO, S0 8 S 0.1372 BaO, SO 8 S0 3 0.3433 Tantalum AsS 3 Ta0 6 S Ta 0.3902 0.8113 Thallium T1S Tl 0.9272 u Til Tl 0.6163 Thorium ThO, Th 0.8788 Tin Sn0 3 Sn 0.7838 SnO, SnO 0.8919 Titanium TiO, Ti 0.6098 Tungsten Yttrium wo. YO W Y 0.7143 0.7941 Zinc ZnO Zn 0.8024 Zirconium ZrO, Zr 0.8485 FORMULAS FOR INDIRECT ESTIMATION. 1. Estimation of Sulphates of Potassium and Sodium. 9.65158 A 4.43751 S N K=S N S = weight of both Sulphates K = weight of KO, SO 3 N = weight of NaO, SO S A = weight of SO,. 2. Estimation of Potassium and Sodium from the Chlorides. K = 2.4375 S 4.01672 A S = weight of both Chlorides A = weight of Chlorine N = weight of Sodium K = weight of Potassium. 3. Carbonates of Lime and Strontia. Ca = 7.0574 A 2.10526 S S = weight of both Carbonates Sr = S Ca A = weight of Carbonic Acid Ca = weight of Carbonate of Lime Sr = weight of Carbonate of Strontia. 24 TABLE OP FACTORS. TABLE OF FACTORS. FOR SODA, POTASSA, AND BINOXIDE OF MANGANESE. The weight of the substance found multiplied ly the factor gives the weight of the substance sought. Found. Sought. Factor. Soda. co a NaO 1.4091 u NaO, HO 1.8182 u NaO, CO 2 2.4091 n NaO NaO,CO f -f 10HO NaO, HO 6.5000 1.2903 U 11 NaO, CO, NaO,CO a +10HO 1.7097 4.6129 Potassa. C0 2 KO 2.1363 u KO, HO 2.5450 M KO, C0 2 3.1363 KO KO,IIO 1.1915 14 KO, CO a 1.4681 Manganese. CO a I MnO a 0.9773 CHLORINE AND BINOXJDE OF MANGANESE. 25 TABLE Giving the corresponding per cents of Chlorine and Binoxide of Man ganese, from the amount of Sulphate of Iron Peroxidized, when 5 grammes of Black Oxide of Manganese and 31.9 grammes of Sul phate of Iron are taken for testing. OTTO S LEIIRBCCII. ill fi* ill fH Decigrammes used of Sulphate of Iron. Per cent of Bin- oxide contained in the Mangan ese. Per cent of Chlo rine liberated by the Manganese. Decigram men re maining of Sul phate of Iron. Derigrnmin caused of Sulphate of Iron. Por cent of TMn- oxide contained in the Mangan ese. Per cent of Chlo rine liberated by the Manganese. 319 100 81.3 98 221 69 56.3 3 316 99 80.6 102 217 68 55.3 6 313 98 79.8 105 214 67 54.5 9 310 97 79.0 108 211 66 53.8 12 307 96 78.2 111 208 65 53.0 15 304 95 77.4 115 204 64 52.0 18 301 94 76.5 118 201 63 51.2 22 297 63 75.7 121 198 62 50.5 25 294 92 75.0 124 195 61 49.7 28 291 91 74.3 127 192 60 48.9 31 288 90 73.5 130 189 59 48.2 34 285 89 72.7 134 185 58 47.2 38 281 88 71.6 137 182 57 46.4 41 278 87 70.9 140 179 56 45.6 44 275 86 70.1 143 176 55 44.9 47 272 85 69.3 147 172 54 43.8 50 269 84 68.6 150 169 53 43.1 53 266 83 67.8 153 166 52 42.3 57 262 82 66.8 156 163 51 41.5 60 259 81 66.0 159 160 50 40.8 63 256 80 65.3 162 157 49 40.0 66 253 79 64.5 165 154 48 39.3 69 250 78 63.7 168 151 47 38.5 73 246 77 62.7 172 147 46 37.5 76 243 76 61.9 175 144 45 36.7 79 240 75 61.2 178 141 44 35.9 82 237 74 60.4 182 137 43 34.9 85 234 73 59.6 185 134 42 34.2 89 230 72 58.6 188 131 41 33.4 92 227 71 57.8 191 128 40 32.6 95 224 70 57.1 26 CHLORIDE OF LIME. TABLE Giving the per cent of Chlorine in Chloride of Lime from the number of parts it takes to Peroxidize 3.9 grammes of Sulphate of Iron, when 100 parts of the Solution contain 5 grammes of the Chloride of Lime to be . tested. (OTTO S LEHRBUCH.) Number of Parts used of the Solution of Chloride of Lime. Per cent of Chlorine. Number of Parts used of ;he Solution of Chloride of Liuie. Per cent of Chlorine. Number of Parts used of the Solution ol Chloride of Lime. Per cent of Chlorine. 31 32.2 55 18.2 79 12.7 32 31.2 56 17.8 80 12.5 33 30.3 57 17.5 81 12.3 34 29.4 58 17.2 82 12.2 35 28.6 59 17.0 83 12.0 36 27.8 60 16.7 84 11.9 37 27.0 61 16.4 85 11.7 38 26.3 62 16.1 86 11.6 39 25.6 63 15.9 87 11.5 40 25.0 64 15.6 88 11.3 41 24.4 65 15.4 89 11.2 42 23.8 66 15.1 90 11.1 43 23.3 67 14.9 91 10.9 44 22.7 68 14.7 92 10.8 45 22.2 69 14.5 93 10.7 46 21.7 70 14.3 94 10.6 47 21.3 71 14.1 95 10.5 48 20.8 72 13.9 96 10.4 49 20.4 73 13.7 97 10.3 50 20.0 74 13.5 98 10.2 51 19.6 75 13.3 99 10.1 52 19.2 76 13.1 100 10.0 53 18.8 77 13.0 54 18.5 78 12.8 TABLES RELATING TO SPECIFIC GRAVITY. SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF THE ELEMENTS. SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF THE ELEMENTS. Element. Specific Gravity. Element. Specific Gravity. Palladium 11-12 Solids and Liquids. Water = 1 at C., 760 m. Barom. Phosphorus {$& 2.089 1.826 Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Bismuth 2.670 6.720 5.630 1.850 9.780 Platinum Potassium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium 20.8-21.74 0.865 11.000 1.520 11-12 4.250 Boron 2.680 Selenium i n , J^i j 4.800 Bromine Cadmium Calcium ( Diamond Carbon 4 Graphite ( Coal of Sugar Chromium Cobalt 3.187 8.604 1.578 3.500 2.200 2.000 6.810 8.950 Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium ( Rhombic Sulphur -{ Monoclinic ( Amorphous Tantalum 2.490 10.570 0.972 2.540 2.070 1.958 1.919 10.780 Copper Glucinum 8.8-9 2.100 Tellurium Thallium 6.650 11.862 Gold 19.340 Tin 7.300 Indium Iodine Iridium 7.200 4.950 21.800 Tungsten Uranium Vanadium 17.500 18.400 3.640 Iron 7.840 Zinc 7.200 Lead 11.330 Lithium 0.593 Gases* Magnesium Manganese 1.750 8.000 Air = 1 at 03 C., 760 m. Barom. Mercury 13.596 Chlorine 2.47000 Molybdenum Nickel 8.640 8.900 Hydrogen Nitrogen 0.06926 0.97137 Osmium 21.400 Oxygen 1.10563 30 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. TABLE OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING COMBINATIONS. BOEDEKER. Supplement zu den Lehrbuchern der Chemie und Mineralogie. Name. Formula. Specifiic Gravity. Bromides. Ammonium, Barium Bromide a NH 4 Br BaBr 2.266 4.230 u " Crystal. BaBr 4- 2HO 3.690 Mercury u HgBr 5.920 u " Sub Hf 2 Br 7.307 Potassium M KBr 2.415 Silver u AgBr 6.273 Sodium H NaBr 3.079 Chlorides. Ammonium, Chloride NH 4 C1 1.500 Barium u BaCl 3.800 u " Crystal. BaCl 4- 2HO 3.050 Calcium CaCl 2.205 u " Crystal. CaCl + 6HO 1.612 Copper Iron u Cu 2 Cl FeCl 3.680 2.528 Lead PbCl 5.540 Lithium u LCI 1.998 Manganese u MnCl + 4110 2.0146 Mercury 11 Hgd 5.420 u " Sub 6.990 Nickel u NiCl 2.560 Potassium a KC1 1.950 Silver M AgCl 5.500 Sodium a NaCl 2.160 Strontium " SrCl 2.960 Tin M SnCl + 2HO 2.293 Iodides. Barium, Iodide Bal 4.917 Copper " Lead " Cul Pbl 4.410 6.384 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 31 Name. Formula. Specific Gravity. Mercury, Iodide Hgl 6.257 " Sub Hg T 7.750 Potassium " KI 3.056 Silver " Agl 5.614 Sodium " Nal 3.450 Oxides. Aluminum, Oxide A1 2 3 4.000 Antimonic Acid Sb0 5 6.525 Antimonous Acid SbO 4 6.695 Antimony, Oxide Sb0 3 5.566 Arsenous Acid As0 3 3.884 Arsenic " AsO, 3.734 Barium, Oxide BaO 5.456-4.732 " " Crystal. BaO 4- 9HO 1.656 " Hydrate BaO, HO 4.495 Boric Acid B0 3 1.830 " " Crystal. B0 3 -j- 3HO 1.479 Bismuth, Oxide Bid, 8.968 Cadmium " CdO 8.110 Calcium " CaO 3.180 Chromium " Cr 2 3 5.210 Cobalt Co 2 3 5.600 Copper " Cub 6.430 " " Sub Cu O 5.751 Iron, Protosesquioxide " Sesquioxide Fe 3 4 Fe 2 3 5.185 5.224 " Hydrate Lead, Oxide Fe 2 3 ,HO PbO 3.7-3.9 9.360 " " Per PbO 2 9.300 Magnesium, Oxide Manganese " MgO MnO 3.200 4.720 " " Sesqui Mn 2 3 4.820 " " Per " " Hydrate Mercury, Oxide MnO 2 Mn O 3 , HO HgO 3 4.900 4.328 11.290 " " Sub 8.950 Molybdenum, Oxide Mob. 5.606 " " Acid MoO 3 3.460 Nickel, Oxide NiO 6.660 " Sesqui Potassium, Oxide Ni 2 3 KO 4.840 2.656 Hydrate KO,HO 2.100 Silicic Acid SiO 2 2.660 Sodium, Oxide NaO 2.805 " Hydrate NaO,HO 2.000 32 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. Name. Formula. Specific Gravity. Strontium, Oxide SrO 4.611 " " Crystal SrO -}- 9HO 1.396 Sulphuric Acid Tin, Oxide SO 3 SnO 1.970 (20) 6.666 " " Bin SnO 3 6.720-6.950 ( Anatase TiO a 3.840 Titanic Acid < Brookite TiO a 4.130 ( Rutile TiO a 4.250 Tungstic Acid wo a 7.1369 Uranium, Oxide UO 10.150 Uranium Protosesquioxide Vanadic Acid U 3 4 V0 8 7.310 3.510 Zinc, Oxide ZnO 5.630 Sulphides. Antimony, Tersulphide SbS 3 4.752 Arsenic " AsS a 3.480 Bisulphide AsS a 3.544 Bismuth, Sulphide Cadmium " BiS 3 CdS 7.000 4.900 Cobalt " Co S 4.800 Copper " CuS 8 4.163 " " Sub Cu S 5.500 Iron " Bi FeS a 4.65-5.1 u u FeS 4.400 Lead " PbS 6.924 Manganese " MnS 4.000 " " Bi MnS a 3.463 Mercury " HgS 8.124 Molybdenum " Nickel MoS 2 NiS 4.690 5.650 Potassium " KS 2.130 Silver " AgS 6.850 Sodium " NaS 2.471 Tin " SnS 4.973 " " Bi SnS a 4.600 Zinc " ZnS 3.920 Borates. Borax NaO,2BO 3 4- 10IIO 1.740 " Anhydrous NaO, 2BO 3 2.600 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 33 Name. Formula. Specific Gravity. Carbonates. Ammonium, Carbonate i>XII 4 0,3CO a , 1.450 Barium BaO, CO, 4.300 Calcium Arragonite CaO, CO, 2.900 " Calc-spar CaO, CO a 2.720 Iron FeO, CO, 3.870 Lead PbO,CO a 6.400 Lithium " LO, CO 2 2.110 IMagnesium " Manganese " MgO, CO a MnO, C0 a 2.990 3.55-3.95 Potassium " Sodium " KO, CO a NaO, CO 2 2.267 2.509 " " Crystal. NaO, C0 a -}- 10HO 1.454 Strontium " Zinc " SrO, CO 2 ZnO, C0 a 3.600 4.1-4.5 Chlorates. Barium, Chlorate BaO, C10 5 2.988 Potassium " KO, CIO, 2.350 Sodium " NaO, C10 5 2.289 Silver " AgO, C10 6 4.430 Chromates. Ammonium, Chromate, Bi Lead " NH 4 0, 2Cr0 3 PbO, CrO 3 2.367 6.100 Potassium " KO, CrO 3 2.640 u Bi KO, 2Cr0 3 2.603 Nitrates. Ammonium, Nitrate Barium " NH 4 0,N0 5 BaO,NO 6 1.740 3.200 Calcium " CaO, N0 5 2.240 Lead PbO, NO 5 4.470 Lithium " LO,N0 5 2.334 Potassium " KO,N0 5 2.058 Silver " AgO,NO 6 4.355 Strontium " Sodium " SrO,NO 5 NaO,N0 5 2.810 2.200 Oxalates. Ammonium, Oxalate NH 4 O, O + 2HO 1.500 Potassium " KO, + HO 2.120 " " Acid KO,HO,2O-f 2HO 2.044 34 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. Name. Formula. Specific Gravity. Phosphates. Lead, Phosphate 3PbO, PO 5 7.208 Sodium " " " Pyro 2NaO,HO,P0 5 +24HO 2NaO,PO 5 -j- 10HO 1.525 1.836 Silver " 3AgO, PO, 5.306 u p yro 2AgO,P0 6 7.300 Sulphates. Ammonium, Sulphate Barium " NH 4 0, S0 3 BaO, SO, 1.760 4.500 Calcium " CaO, S0 3 2.960 " " Crystal. CaO, S0 3 + 2HO 2.330 Cobalt " " CoO, SO, 4- 7HO 1.924 Copper " CuO, S0 3 3.572 " " Crystal. CuO, SO 3 4- 5HO 2.300 Iron " FeO, S0 3 2.840 " " Crystal. FeO, SO 3 4- 7HO 1.8-1.9 Lead " PbO, S0 3 6.300 Lithium, Sulphate LO, SO 3 2.210 " " Crystal. LO, SO 8 4- HO 2.020 Magnesia " MgO,S0 3 2.600 " " Crystal. MgO, SO 3 4- 7HO 1.750 Manganese " MnO, S0 3 8.100 " " Crystal. MnO, SO 3 + 4IIO 2.090 Nickel " " NiO, S0 8 -f 7HO 2.040 Potassium " KO, SO 3 2.660 " " Acid KO,2S0 3 2.277 Potassa, Alum Silver, Sulphate KO, SO,, AL0 3 , 3SO, + 24IIO AgO, S0 8 1.724 5.400 Sodium " NaO, S0 3 2.460 " " Crystal. Soda, Alum Strontium, Sulphate NaO,SO 3 4- 10TIO NaO, SO., ALO, 3S0 3 + 24HO SrO, SO 3 1.500 1.880 3.925 Zinc " ZnO, S0 8 3.400 " Crystal. ZnO, SO 8 -f 7HO 1.9-2.1 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 35 TABLE OF THE PER CENT OF DRY AMMONIA GAS IN A SOLUTION AT 14 C. CARIUS. Ann. Ch. u. Pharm. 1856, 99, pp. 163, 164. Specific Gravity. Per cent Ammonia. Specific Gravity. Per cent Ammonia. Specific Gravity. Per cent Ammonia. Specific Gravity. Per cent Ammonia. 0.8844 36 0.9052 27 0.9314 18 0.9631 9 0.8864 35 0.9078 26 0.9347 17 0.9670 8 0.8885 34 0.9106 25 0.9380 16 0.9709 7 0.8907 33 0.9133 24 0.9414 15 0.9749 6 0.8929 32 0.9162 23 0.9449 14 0.9790 5 0.8953 31 0.9191 22 0.9484 13 0.9831 4 0.8976 30 0.9221 21 0.9520 12 0.9873 3 0.9001 29 0.9251 20 0.9556 11 0.9915 2 0.9026 28 0.9283 19 0.9593 10 0.9959 1 TABLE OF THE PER CENT OF DRY AMMONIA GAS IN A SOLUTION AT 16 C. OTTO S LEHRBUCH. Specific Gravity. Per cent Ammonia. Specific Gravity. Per cent Ammonia. Specific Gravity. Per cent Ammonia. Specific Gravity. Per cent Ammonia. 0.9517 12.000 0.9583 10.250 0.9654 8.375 0.9726 6.500 0.9521 11.875 0.9588 10.125 0.9659 8.250 0.9730 6.375 0.9526 11.750 0.9593 10.000 0.9664 8.125 0.9735 6.250 0.9531 11.625 0.9597 9.875 0.9669 8.000 0.9740 6.125 0.9536 11.500 0.9602 9.750 0.9673 7.875 0.9745 6.000 0.9540 11.375 0.9607 9.625 0.9678 7.750 0.9749 5.875 0.9545 11.250 0.9612 9.500 0.9683 7.625 0.9754 5.750 0.9550 11.125 0.9616 9.375 0.9688 7.500 0.9759 5.625 0.9555 11.000 0.9621 9.250 0.9692 7.375 0.9764 5.500 0.9556 10.950 0.9626 9.125 0.9697 7.250 0.9768 5.375 0.9559 10.875 0.9631 9.000 0.9702 7.125 0.9773 5.250 0.9564 10.750 0.9636 8.875 0.9707 7.000 0.9778 5.125 0.9569 10.625 0.9641 8.750 0.9711 6.875 0.9783 5.000 0.9574 10.500 0.9645 8.625 0.9716 6.750 0.9578 10.375 0.9650 8.500 0.9721 6.625 36 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. TABLE OF THE PER CENT OF POTAS8A (KO) IN A SOLUTION AT 15 C. TUNNERMANN. Handworterbuch, Bd. IV. pp. 253. Specific Gravity. Per cent Potassa. Specific Gravity. Per cent Potassa. Specific Gravity. Per cent Potassa. 1.3300 28.290 1.1979 18.671 1.0819 8.487 1.3131 27.158 1.1839 17.540 1.0703 7.355 1.2966 26.027 1.1702 16.408 1.0589 6.224 1.2803 24.895 1.1568 15.277 1.0478 5.002 1.2648 23.764 1.1437 14.145 1.0369 3.961 1.2493 22.632 1.1308 13.013 1.0260 2.829 1.2342 21.500 1.1182 11.882 1.0153 1.697 1.2268 20.935 1.1059 10.750 1.0050 0.5658 1.2122 19.803 1.0938 9.619 TABLE OF THE PER CENT OF SODA (NaO) IN A SOLUTION AT 15 C. TUNNERMANN. Handworterbuch, Bd. V. pp. 622. Specific Gravity. Per cent Soda. Specific Gravity. Per cent Soda. Specific Gravity. Per cent Soda. 1.4285 30.220 1.2982 20.550 1.1528 10.275 1.4193 29.616 1.2912 19.945 1.1428 9.670 .4101 29.011 1.2843 19.341 1.1330 9.066 .4011 28.407 1.2775 18.730 1.1233 8.462 .3923 27.802 1.2708 18.132 1.1137 7.857 .3836 27.200 1.2642 17.528 1.1042 7.253 .3751 26.594 1.2578 16.923 1.0948 6.648 .3668 25.989 1.2515 16.319 1.0855 6.044 .3586 25.385 .2453 15.714 .0764 5.440 .3505 24.780 .2392 15.110 .0675 4.835 .3426 24.176 .2280 14.506 .0587 4.231 .3349 23.572 .2178 13.901 .0500 3.626 .3273 22.967 .2058 13.297 .0414 3.022 .3198 22.363 1.1948 12.692 1.0330 2.418 .3143 21.894 1.1841 12.088 1.0246 1.813 .3125 21.758 1.1734 11.484 1.0163 1.209 .3053 21.154 1.1630 10.879 1.0081 0.604 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 37 TABLE OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SULPHURIC ACID. Calculated by Otto from Bineau s data for the Temperature of 15 C. Specific Gravity. Hy dra ted Acid. SO, Specific Gravity. Hy dra ted Acid. S0 3 Specific Gravity. Hy- drated Acid. SO, 1.8426 100 81.63 .5780 66 53.87 1.2390 32 26.12 1.8420 99 80.81 .5570 65 53.05 1.2310 31 25.30 1.8406 98 80.00 .5450 64 52.24 1.2230 30 24.49 1.8400 97 79.18 .5340 63 51.42 1.2150 29 23.67 1.8384 96 78.36 .5230 62 50.61 1.2066 28 22.85 1.8376 95 77.55 .5120 61 49.79 1.1980 27 22.03 1.8356 94 76.73 .5010 60 48.98 1.1900 26 21.22 1.8340 93 75.91 .4900 59 48.16 1.1820 25 20.40 1.8310 92 75.10 .4800 58 47.34 1.1740 24 19.58 1.8270 91 74.28 .4690 57 46.53 1.1670 23 18.77 1.8220 90 73.47 .4586 56 45.71 1.1590 22 17.95 1.8160 89 72.65 .4480 55 44.89 1.1516 21 17.14 1.8090 88 71.83 .4380 54 44.07 1.1440 20 16.32 1.8020 87 71.02 .4280 53 43.26 1.1360 19 15.51 1.7940 86 70.10 .4180 52 42.45 1.1290 18 14.69 1.7860 85 69.38 .4080 51 41.63 1.1210 17 13.87 1.7770 84 68.57 .3980 50 40.81 1.1136 16 13.06 1.7670 83 67.75 .3886 49 40.00 1.1060 15 12.24 1.7560 82 66.94 .3790 48 39.18 1.0980 14 11.42 1.7460 81 66.12 .3700 47 38.36 1.0910 13 10.61 1.7340 80 65.30 .3610 46 37.55 1.0830 12 9.79 1.7220 79 64.48 .3510 45 36.73 1.0756 11 8.98 1.7100 78 63.67 .3420 44 35.82 1.0680 10 8.16 1.6980 77 62.85 .3330 43 35.10 1.0610 9 7.34 1.6860 76 62.04 .3240 42 34.28 .0536 8 6.53 1.6750 75 61.22 .3150 41 33.47 .0464 7 5.71 1.6630 74 60.40 .3060 40 32.65 .0390 6 4.89 1.6510 73 59.59 .2976 39 31.83 .0320 5 4.08 1.6390 72 58.77 .2890 38 31.02 .0256 4 3.26 1.6370 71 57.95 .2810 37 30.20 .0190 3 2.445 1.6150 70 57.14 1.2720 36 29.38 .0130 2 1.63 1.6040 69 56.32 1.2640 35 28.57 .0064 1 0.816 1.5920 68 55.59 1.2560 34 27.75 1.5300 67 54.69 1.2476 33 26.94 38 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. TABLE OP THE QUANTITY OF SULPHURIC ACID OF 1.86 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TO BE ADDED TO 100 PARTS OF WATER TO PRODUCE AN ACID OF A GIVEN SPECIFIC GRAVITY. ANTHON. Parts Acid. Specific Gravity. Parts Acid. Specific Gravity. Parts Acid. Specific Gravity. 1 1.009 130 1.456 370 1.723 2 1.015 140 1.473 380 .727 5 1.035 150 1.490 390 .730 10 1.060 160 1.510 400 .733 15 1.090 170 1.530 410 .737 20 1.113 180 1.543 420 .740 25 1.140 190 1.556 430 .743 30 1.165 200 1.568 440 .746 35 1.187 210 1.580 450 .750 40 1.210 220 1.593 460 .754 45 1.229 230 1.606 470 .757 50 1.248 240 1.620 480 .760 55 1.265 250 1.630 490 .763 60 1.280 260 1.640 500 .766 65 1.297 270 1.648 510 .768 70 1.312 280 1.654 520 .770 75 1.326 290 1.667 530 .772 80 1.340 300 1.678 540 .774 85 1.357 310 1.689 550 .776 90 1.372 320 1.700 560 .777 95 1.386 330 1.705 580 .778 100 1.398 340 1.710 590 1.780 110 1.420 350 1.714 600 1.782 120 1.438 360 1.719 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. TABLE OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF NITRIC ACID AT 15 C. URE. Diet. Arts. Specific Gravity. Per cent of N0 5 Specific Gravity. Per cent of N0 5 Specific Gravity. Per cent of N0 5 .500 79.7 1.378 52.6 1.190 26.3 .498 78.9 1.373 51.8 1.183 25.5 .496 78.1 1.368 51.1 1.177 24.7 .494 77.3 .363 50.2 1.171 23.9 .491 76.5 .358 49.4 1.165 23.1 .488 75.7 .353 48.6 .159 22.3 .485 74.9 J.348 47.8 .153 21.5 .482 74.1 .343 47.0 .147 20.7 .479 73.3 .338 46.2 .140 19.9 .476 72.5 .332 45.4 .134 19.1 .473 71.7 .327 44.6 .129 18.3 .470 70.9 .322 43.8 .123 17.5 .467 70.1 .316 43.0 .117 16.7 .464 69.3 .311 42.2 .111 15.9 .460 68.5 .306 41.4 .105 15.1 .457 67.7 .300 40.6 .099 14.3 .453 66.9 .295 89.9 .094 13.5 .450 66.2 .289 89.1 .088 12.7 .446 65.3 .283 38.3 .082 12.0 .442 64.6 .277 37.5 .076 11.2 .439 63.8 .271 86.7 .071 10.4 .435 63.0 .264 35.9 .065 9.6 .431 62.2 .258 35.1 .059 8.8 .427 61.4 .252 34.3 .054 8.0 .423 60.6 1.246 33.5 .048 7.2 .419 59.8 1.240 82.7 .043 6.4 .415 59.0 1.234 31.9 .038 5.6 .411 58.2 1.228 31.1 .032 4.8 .407 57.4 1.221 30.3 .027 4.0 1.402 56.6 1.215 29.5 .021 3.2 1.398 55.8 1.208 28.7 .016 2.4 1.395 55.0 1.202 27.9 .011 1.6 1.388 54.2 1.196 27.1 .005 0.8 1.383 53.4 40 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. TABLE OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID AT 15 C. URE. Diet. Arts. Specific Gravity. Per cent Hydrochloric Acid Gas. Specific Gravity. Per cent Hydrochloric Acid Gas. Specific Gravity. Per cent Hydrochloric Acid Gas. 1.2000 40.777 1.1328 26.913 1.0657 13.456 1.1982 40.369 1.1308 26.505 1.0637 13.049 1.1964 39.961 1.1287 26.098 1.0617 12.641 1.1946 39.554 1.1267 25.690 1.0597 12.2)33 1.1928 39.146 1.1247 25.282 1.0577 11.825 1.1910 38.738 1.1226 24.874 1.0557 11.418 1.1893 38.330 1.1206 24.466 1.0537 11.010 1.1875 37.923 1.1185 24.058 1.0517 10.602 1.1857 37.516 1.1164 23.650 1.0497 10.194 1.1846 37.108 1.1143 23.242 1.0477 9.786 1.1822 36.700 1.1123 22.834 1.0457 9.379 1.1802 36.292 1.1102 22.426 1.0437 8.971 1.1782 35.884 1.1082 22.019 1.0417 8.563 1.1762 35.476 1.1061 21.611 1.0397 8.155 1.1741 35.068 1.1041 21.203 1.0377 7.747 1.1721 34.660 1.1020 20.796 1.0357 7.340 1.1701 34.252 1.1000 20.388 1.0337 6.932 1.1681 33845 1.0980 19.980 1.0318 6.524 1.1661 33.437 1.0960 19.572 1.0298 6.116 1.1641 33.029 1.0939 19.165 1.0279 5.709 1.1620 32.621 1.0919 18.757 1.0259 5.301 1.1599 32213 1.0899 18.349 1.0239 4.893 1.1578 31.805 1.0879 17.941 1.0220 4.486 1.1557 31.398 1.0859 1 7.534 1.0200 4.078 1.1537 30.990 1.0838 17.126 1.0180 3.670 1.1515 30.582 1.0818 16.718 1.0160 3.262 1.1494 30.174 1.0798 16.310 1.0140 2.854 1.1473 29.767 1.0778 15.902 1.0120 2.447 1.1452 29.359 1.0758 15.494 1.0100 2.039 1.1431 28.951 1.0738 15.067 1.0080 1.631 1.1410 28.544 1.0718 14.479 1.0060 1.124 1.1389 28.136 1.0697 14.271 1.0040 0.816 1.1369 27.728 1.0677 13.863 1.0020 0.408 1.1349 27.321 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 41 TABLE OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF HYDRATED ACETIC ACID. MOIIR. Ann. Pharm. 1839, 31, 8. 284. Specific Gravity. Per cent Hvdrated Acetic Acid. Specific Gravity. Per cent 11 v dm ted Acetic Acid. Specific Gravity. Percent Hydrate 1 Acetic Acid. Specific Gravity. PIT cent ll\ dnted Acetic Acid. .0635 100 .0720 75 1.0600 50 1.0340 25 .0655 99 .0720 74 1.0590 49 1.0330 24 .0670 98 .0720 73 1.0580 48 .0320 23 .0680 97 .0710 72 1.0560 47 .0310 22 .0690 96 .0710 71 1.0550 46 .0290 21 .0700 95 .0700 70 1.0550 45 .0270 20 .0706 94 .0700 69 1.0540 44 .0260 19 .0708 93 .0700 68 1.0530 43 .0250 18 .0716 92 .0690 67 1.0520 42 .0240 17 .0721 91 .0690 66 1.0515 41 .0230 16 .0730 90 .0680 65 1.0513 40 .0220 15 .0730 89 .0680 64 1.0500 39 .0200 14 .0730 88 .0680 63 1.0490 38 .0180 13 .0730 87 .0670 62 1.0480 37 .0170 12 .0730 86 .0(570 61 1.0470 36 .0160 11 .0730 85 .OG70 60 1.0460 35 .0150 10 .0730 84 .0660 59 1.0450 34 .0130 9 .0730 83 .0660 58 1.0440 33 .0120 8 .0730 82 .0650 57 1.0424 32 .0100 7 .0732 81 .0640 56 1.0410 31 .0080 6 .0735 80 .0640 55 1.0400 30 .0067 5 .0735 79 .0630 54 1.0390 29 .0055 4 .0732 78 .0630 53 1.0380 28 1.0040 3 .0732 77 .0620 52 1.0360 27 1.0020 2 .0730 76 .0610 51 1.0350 26 1.0010 1 When water is added to Hydrated Acetic Acid the Specific Gravity of the fluid does not fall ; on the contrary, it rises until 3 atoms or 51.5 per cent have been added. In reference to this, Thompson gives the following Table. EQUIVALENTS OF ACID AND WATER AT 15 C. Acid. Water. Specific Gravity. Acid. Water. Specific Gravity. 1 1 1.06296 1 6 1.06708 1 2 1.07060 1 7 1.06349 1 3 1.07084 1 8 1.05974 1 4 1.07132 1 9 1.05794 1 5 1.06820 1 10 1.05439 42 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. TABLE OF THE PROPORTION BY WEIGHT OF ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL IN SPIRITS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITIES AT 15.5 C. FOWNES S Chern., p. 579. Specific Gravity. Per cent. Specific Gravity. Per cent Specific Gravity. Per cent. 0.9991 | 0.9511 34 0.8769 68 0.9981 1 0.9490 35 0.8745 69 0.9965 2 0.9470 36 0.87-21 70 0.9947 3 0.9452 37 0.8696 71 0.9930 4 0.9434 38 0.8672 72 0.9914 5 0.9416 39 0.8649 73 0.9898 6 0.9396 40 0.8625 74 0.9884 7 0.9376 41 0.8603 75 0.9869 8 0.9356 42 0.8 5. si 76 0.9855 9 0.9335 43 0.8557 77 0.9841 10 0.9314 44 0.8533 78 0.9828 11 0.9292 45 0.8508 79 0.9815 12 0.9270 46 0.8483 80 0.9802 13 0.9249 47 0.8459 81 0.9789 14 0.9228 48 0.8434 82 0.9778 15 0.9206 49 0.8408 83 0.9766 16 0.9184 50 0.8382 84 0.9753 17 0.9160 51 0.8357 85 0.9741 18 0.9135 52 0.8331 86 0.9728 19 0.9113 53 0.8305 87 0.9716 20 0.9090 54 0.8279 88 0.9704 21 0.9069 55 0.820 I 89 0.9691 22 0.9047 r>c> 0.822S 90 0.9678 23 0.9025 57 0.8199 91 0.9665 24 0.9001 58 0.8172 92 0.9652 2.~> 0.8979 59 0.81 !. ) 93 0.9638 26 0.8956 60 0.8.118 94 0.9628 27 0.8932 61 0.8089 95 0.9609 28 0.8908 62 0.8061 96 0.9593 29 0.8886 G3 0.8031 97 0.9578 30 0.8863 64 0.8001 98 0.9560 31 0.8h 10 65 0.7969 99 0.9544 32 0.8816 66 0.7938 100 0.9528 33 0.8793 67 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 43 TABLE OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF A MIXTURE OF ALCOHOL AND WATER BY VOLUME. Temperature = 15.56 C. Water = 1 at 3.9 C. TRALLES. Gilbert s Annalen der Phys., 1811, 38, s. 368. Per cent Alcohol. Specific Gravity. Per cent Alcohol. Specific Gravity. Per cent Alcohol. Specific Gravity. 1 9976 35 9583 68 8941 2 99(31 36 9570 69 8917 3 9947 37 9559 70 8892 4 9933 38 9541 71 8867 5 9919 39 9526 72 8842 6 9906 40 9510 73 8817 7 9893 41 9494 74 8791 8 9881 42 9478 75 8765 9 9869 43 9461 76 8739 10 9857 44 9444 77 8712 11 9845 45 9427 78 8685 12 9834 46 9409 79 8658 13 9823 47 9391 80 8631 14 9812 48 9373 81 8603 15 9802 49 9354 82 8575 16 9791 50 9335 83 8547 17 9781 51 9315 84 8518 18 9771 52 9295 85 8488 19 9761 53 9275 86 8458 20 9751 54 9254 87 8428 21 9741 55 9234 88 8397 22 9731 56 9213 89 8365 23 9720 57 9192 90 8332 24 9710 58 9170 91 8299 25 9700 59 9148 92 8265 26 9689 60 9126 93 8230 27 9679 61 9104 94 8194 28 9668 62 9082 95 8157 29 9657 63 9059 96 8118 30 9646 64 9036 97 8077 31 9634 65 9013 98 8034 32 9622 66 8989 99 7988 33 9609 67 8965 100 7939 34 9596 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. TABLE FOR THE MIXING OF WATER AND ALCOHOL ACCORDING TO VOLUME, AT 1 7.5 C. MEISSNER S Ariiometrie. A mixture of Specific Gravity. The Volume becomes after mixing. A mixture of Specific Gravity. The Volume becomes after mixing. A mixture of Specific Gravity. The Volume becomes after mixing. Volumes Alcohol. II Volumes Alcohol. Volumes Water. Volumes Alcohol. CO 100 0.7932 66 34 0.8934 96.651 32 68 0.9621 97.056 99 1 0.7969 99.802 65 35 0.8958 96.626 31 69 0.9632 97.158 98 2 0.8006 99.618 64 36 0.8982 96.602 30 70 0.9643 97.268 97 3 0.8042 99.425 63 37 0.9006 96.580 29 71 0.9654 97.367 96 4 0.8078 89.229 62 38 0.9029 96.559 28 72 0.9665J 97.466 95 5 0.8114 99.031 61 39 0.9052 96.539 27 73 0.!)<!7<i 97.565 94 6 0.8150 98.8-24 60 40 0.9075 96.520 26 74 0.9688 97.664 93 7 0.8185 98.644 59 41 0.9098 96.501 25 75; 0.9700 97.763 92 8 0.8219 98.484 58 42 0.9121 96.484 24 76 0.9712 97.862 91 9 0.8253 98.334 57 43 0.9145 96.463 23 77 0.9723 97.958 90 10 0.8286 98.224 56 44 0.9168 96.445 22 78 0.9734 98.051 89 11 0.8317 98.131 55 45 0.9191 96.427 21 79 0.9745 98.149 88 12 0.8346 98.044 54 46 0.9214 96.413 20 80 0.9756 98.262 87 13 0.8373 97.962 53 47 0.9237 96.402 19 81 0.9766 98.377 86 14 0.8400 97.883 52 48 0.9259 96.393 18 82 0.9775 98.494 85 15 0.8427 97.807 51 49 0.9281 96.384 17 83 0.9784 98.613 84 16 0.8454 97.733 50 50 0.9303 96.377 16 84 0.9793 98.731 83 17 0.8481 97.661 49 51 0.9324 96.384 15 85 0.9803 98.845 82 18 0.8508 97.592 48 52 0.9344 96.394 14 86 0.9813 98.955 81 19 0.8534 97.525 47 53 0.9364 96.407 13 S7 0.9823 99.058 80 20 0.8566 97.462 46 54 0.9384 96.423 12 88 0.9834 99.154 79 21 0.8591 97.401 45 55 0.9404 96.442 11 8!) 0.9846 99.246 78 22 0.8616 97.347 44 56 0.9424 96.465 10 90 0.9859 99.333 77 23 0.8642 97.291 43 57 0.9443 96.495 9 91 0.9873 99.413 76 24 0.8668 97.231 42 58 0.9461 96.528 8 92 0.9888 99.487 75 25 0.8695 97.176 41 59| 0.9478 96.565 7 93 0.9901 99.555 74 26 0.8723 97.111 40 60 0.9495 96.607 6 94 0.9915 99.617 73 27 0.8751 97.040 39 61 0.9512 96.649 5 !;> 0.9929 99.674 72 28 0.8779 in;. !)<; 38 62 0.9529 96.692 4 ill! 0.9943 99.731 71 29 0.8806 96.892 37 63 0.9547 96.736 3 97 0.9957J 99.792 70 30 0.8833 96.821 36 64 0.9564 96.782 2 98 0.8971 99.857 69 31 0.8860 96.765 35 65 0.9580 96.829 l! 99 0.9985 99.927 68 32 0.8885 96.723 34 66 0.9595 96.889 O lOO 1.0000 67 33 0.8910 96.685 33 67 0.9609 96.967 1 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 45 TABLE FOR THE MIXING OF ALCOHOL AND WATER BY WEIGHT AT 17.5 C. MEISSNER S Araometrie. Parts Alcohol. Parts Water. Specific Gravity. Parts Alcohol. Parts Water. Specific Gravity. Parts Alcohol. Parts Water. Specific Gravity. 100 0.7932 66 34 0.8806 32 68 0.9543 99 1 0.7960 65 35 0.8831 31 69 0.9561 98 2 0.7988 64 36 0.8855 30 70 0.9578 97 3 0.8016 63 37 0.8879 29 71 0.9594 96 4 0.8045 62 38 0.8902 28 72 0.9608 95 5 0.8074 61 39 0.8925 27 73 0.9621 94 6 0.8104 60 40 0.8948 26 74 0.9634 93 7 0.8135 59 41 0.8971 25 75 0.9647 92 8 0.8166 58 42 0.8994 24 76 0.9660 91 9 0.8196 57 43 0.9016 23 77 0.9673 90 10 0.8225 56 44 0.9038 22 78 0.9686 89 11 0.8252 55 45 0.9060 21 79 0.9699 88 12 0.8279 54 46 0.9082 20 80 0.9712 87 13 0.8304 53 47 0.9104 19 81 0.9725 86 14 0.8329 52 48 0.9127 18 82 0.9738 85 15 0.8353 51 49 0.9150 17 83 0.9751 84 16 0.8376 50 50 0.9173 16 84 0.9763 83 17 0.8399 49 51 0.9196 15 85 0.9775 82 18 0.8422 48 52 0.9219 14 86 0.9786 81 19 0.8446 47 53 0.9242 13 87 0.9796 80 20 0.8470 46 54 0.9264 12 88 0.9806 79 21 0.8494 45 55 0.9280 11 89 0.9817 78 22 0.8519 44 56 0.9308 10 90 0.9830 77 23 0.8543 43 57 0.9329 9 91 0.9844 76 24 0.8567 42 58 0.9350 8 92 0.9860 75 25 0.8590 41 59 0.9371 7 93 0.9878 74 26 0.8613 40 60 0.9391 6 94 0.9897 73 27 0.8635 39 61 0.9410 5 95 0.9914 72 28 0.8657 38 62 0.9429 4 96 0.9931 71 29 0.8680 37 63 0.9448 3 97 0.9948 70 30 0.8704 36 64 0.9467 2 98 0.9965 69 31 0.8729 35 ;.-) 0.9486 1 99 0.9982 68 32 0.8755 34 66 0.9505 100 1.0000 67 33 0.8781 33 67 0.9524 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. TABLE OF THE PER CENT OF COMMON SALT (NaCl) IN SOLUTIONS OF 1.001 TO 1.20467 SPECIFIC GRAVITY, AT 18. 75 C. MUSPRATT S Chemie. Specific Gravity. Per cent. Specific Gravity. Per cent. Specific Gravity. Per cent. 1.001 0.1361 1.034 4.7038 .067 9.2055 1.002 0.2731 1.035 4.8417 .068 9.3402 1.003 0.4105 1.036 4.9795 .069 9.4747 1.004 0.5483 1.037 5.1172 .070 9.6091 1.005 0.6863 .038 5.2549 .071 9.7434 1.006 0.8245 .039 5.3925 .072 9.8776 1.007 0.9628 .040 5.5300 .073 10.0117 1.008 1.1013 .041 5.6674 .074 10.1457 1.009 1.2398 .042 5.8047 .075 10.2795 1.010 1.3785 .043 5.9420 .076 10.4132 1.011 1.5172 .044 6.0791 .077 10.5469 1.012 1.6559 .045 6.2161 .078 10.6804 1.013 1.7947 .046 6.3531 .079 10.8137 1.014 1.9335 .047 6.4900 .080 10.9470 1.015 2.0723 .048 6.6267 .081 11.0802 1.016 2.2111 .049 6.7634 .082 11.2132 1.017 2.3499 .050 6.9000 .083 11.3461 1.018 2.4887 .051 7.0364 .084 11.4789 1.019 2.6275 .052 7.1728 .085 11.6116 1.020 2.7662 .053 7.3090 .086 11.7441 1.021 2.9049 .054 7.4452 .087 11.8766 1.022 3.0436 .055 7.5812 .088 12.0089 1.023 3.1823 .056 7.7172 .089 12.1411 1.024 3.3209 .057 7.8530 .090 12.2732 1.025 3.4594 .058 7.9888 .091 12.4052 .026 3.5979 .059 8.1244 .092 12.5370 .027 3.7364 .060 8.2599 .093 12.6687 .028 3.8748 .061 8.3953 .094 12.8004 .029 4.0131 .062 8.5307 .095 12.9318 .030 4.1514 .063 8.6659 1.096 13.0632 .031 4.2896 .064 8.8009 1.097 13.1945 .032 4. 42 7 7 .065 8.9359 1.098 13.3256 .033 4.5658 .066 9.0708 1.099 13.4566 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 47 Specific Gravity. Per cent. Specific Gravity. Per cent. Specific Gravity. Per cent. 1.100 13.5875 1.136 18.2189 1.171 22.5726 1.101 13.7183 1.137 18.34:>4 1.172 22.6949 1.102 13.8489 1.138 18.4717 1.173 22.8170 1.103 13.9794 1.139 18.5978 1.174 22.9390 1.104 14.1098 1.140 18.7239 1.175 23.0610 1.105 14.2401 1.141 18.8498 1.176 23.1828 1.106 14.3703 1.142 18.9757 1.177 23.3045 .107 14.5003 1.143 19.1014 1.178 23.4260 .108 14.6302 1.144 19.2269 1.179 23.5475 .109 14.7600 1.145 19.3524 1.180 23.6688 .110 14.8897 1.146 19.4777 1.181 23.7900 .111 15.0193 1.147 19.6029 1.182 23.9111 .112 15.1487 1.148 19.7280 1.183 24.0321 .113 15.2780 1.149 19.8530 1.184 24.1530 .114 15.4072 1.150 19.9779 1.185 24.2738 .115 15.5363 1.151 20.1026 1.186 24.3945 .116 15.6653 1.152 20.2272 1.187 24.5150 .117 15.7941 1.153 20.3517 1.188 24.6354 .118 15.9228 1.154 20.4761 1.189 24-7557 .119 16.0514 1.155 20.6004 1.190 24.8759 .120 16.1799 1.156 20.7245 1.191 24.9960 .121 16.3082 1.157 20.8486 1.192 25.1159 .122 16.4365 1.158 20.9725 1.193 25.2358 .123 16.5645 1.159 21.0963 1.194 25.3555 .124 16.6925 1.160 21.2199 1.195 25.4751 .125 16.8204 1.161 21.3435 1.196 25.5947 .126 16.9482 1.162 21.4669 1.197 25.7141 .127 17.0758 1.163 21.5903 1.198 25.8333 .128 17.2033 1.164 21.7135 1.199 25.9525 .129 17.3307 1.165 21.8365 1.200 26.0716 .ISO 17.4579 1.166 21.9595 1.201 26.1905 .131 17.5851 1.167 22.0824 1.202 26.3094 1.132 17.7121 1.168 22.2051 1.203 26.4281 1.133 17.8390 1.169 22.3277 1.204 26.5467 1.134 17.9657 1.170 22.4502 1.20467 26.6261 1.135 18.0924 TABLES RELATING TO HEAT HEAT. 51 H S I o * H II! 1? :S<~f II !l OOfOOOOOOOOOOOOO(NOOCO qqq^qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq <? CN IT li Irlrlt I r-iC^C^^Ht I COCOCOlOOCOCO lCCOCCCS-faCOCiOC^CCOJ : qqqqqqqoqi ic^cir-Hqqqqqq ddo dddddddddddo ddddd CT: C5 ^ o O CO o <N co cc ^r GQe4oot^aoaoeoooc-iC4of-4a) QO> (COCSiC-rft t^O^- t^-C^^-^tiOS q q q oc co >d rj< CO CO qqqqqqioqqqqqqtoq CO>.(M(MDi-HCNO>OtOOi-iCc5o ^ O *t* t~** ^^* ^ f^ CC *f odocJddo do oooooooooooo -" " - s e ^ s e -j. -y P ^ ^ ^ < ^ ^ c ^ ^ ^ c ^ 52 HEAT. TABLE OF SPECIFIC HEATS OF SOME OF THE MOST COMMON SUBSTANCES. REONAULT. Annales de Chimie et de Physique, m., I., p. 172. Name. Specific Heat. Name. Specific Protoxide of Lead, powder. 0.05118 Bisulphide of Iron (Pyrites) 0.13009 " fused 005089 Tin 0.11932 Oxide of Mercury (HgO) 0.05179 " Molybdenum 0.12334 Protoxide of Manganese 0.15701 Subsulphide of Copper 0.12118 Oxide of Copper 0.14201 " Silver 0.07460 Nickel 0.16234 Magnetic Pyrites 0.16023 " " calcined 0.15885 Chloride of Sodium ).21 101 Magnesia 0.24394 Chloride of Potassium L172M Oxide of Zinc 0.12480 Subchloride of Mercury 0.05205 Sesquioxide of Iron 0.16695 " Copper 0.13827 Arsenous Acid 0.12786 Chloride of Silver 0.09109 Sesquioxide of Chromium 0.17960 " Barium 0.08570 Oxide of Bismuth 0.06053 " Strontium 0.11990 Teroxide of Antimony 0.09009 " Calcium 0.16420 Corundum 0.19762 Magnesium 0.19460 Sapphire 0.21732 " Lead 0.06641 Stannic Acid 0.09382 " Mercury 0.06889 Titanic- Acid, artificial 0.17164 " Zinc 0.13618 ^ rutile 0.17032 " Tin 0.10161 Tungstic Acid 0.07983 " Manganese 0.14255 Molybdic Acid 0.13240 Bichloride of Tin 0.14759 Silica 0.19132 " Titanium 0.19145 Boric Acid 0.23743 Terchloride of Arsenic ). 1 7 1 7S Magnetic Oxide of Iron 0.16780 " Phosphorus 0.20922 Protosulphide of Iron 0.1 35 7o Bromide of Potassium 0.11322 Sulphide of Nickel 0.12814 " Silver 0.07391 " Cobalt 0.12512 Sodium 0.13842 " Zinc 0.1 2..i >3 " Lead 0.05326 " Lead 0.05086 Iodide of Potassium 0.08191 " Mercury 0.05117 " Sodium 0.08684 Tin 0.08365 Subiodide of Mercury 0.03949 " Antimony 0.08408 Iodide of Silver 0.06159 " Bismuth " 0.06002 Subiodide ol Copper 0.06869 HEAT. Name. Specific Heat. Name. Specific lleat. Iodide of Lead " Mercury Fluoride of Calcium Nitrate of Potassium " Sodium " Silver " Barium Chlorate of Potassium Pyrophosphate of Potassium " Sodium " Lead Metaphosphate of Calcium Phosphate of Lead Arseniate of Potassium Lead Sulphate of Potassium " Sodium " Barium " Strontium " Lead " Calcium 0.04267 Sulphate of Magnesium 0.04197, Chromate of Potassium 0.21492jBichromate of Potassium >.-_ :^:.>:Biborate " 0.278211 " Sodium 0.14352 " Lead 0.15228jBorate of Potassium 0.10956 " Sodium .19102 " Lead 0.22833i Wolfram O.OS208JZircon 0.19923 Carbonate of Potassium 0.07982 " Sodium 0.1563l[lceland Spar 0.07280 Arragonite 0.1-9010 White Granular Marble 0.231 15 Gray " " 0.1 1285, White Chalk 0.14279 Carbonate of Barium 0.08 723J " Iron 0.19656! " Strontium ,0.22159 10.18505 1018937 0.21975 0.23823 ,0.11409 0.20478 0.25709 0.09046 ! 0.09780 |0.14558 0.21623 0.27275 jO.20858 0.20850 |0.21585 0.20989 0.21401 0.11038 |0.19345 0.14483 LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION. * FAVRE AND SILBERMAN. Ann. Chem. Phys. [3] XXXTII. p. 464-470. t ANDREWS. Chem. Soc. Qu. Jour. I. p. 27. Substance. Latent heat nf Vapor. Substance. Latent heat of Vapor. Bromine 45.60f Butvric Acid 114.67* Terchloride of Phosphorus 51.42J Acetate of Ethyl 105.80* Sulphide of Carbon 86.67J tl (4 92.68f Bichloride of Tin 3.05J Acetate of Methyl 110.20J Alcohol 208.92* Formate of Etlivl 105.30J u 202.40f " Methyl 11 7.1 Of Methylic Alcohol 263.86* Iodide of Etlivl 46.87J u u 263.70f " Methyl 46.07J Amylic Alcohol 121.37* Oxalate of Ethyl 72.72J Acetic Acid 101.91* Butvrate of Methyl 87.33* Formic Acid 120.72* Ethal 58.44* Ether 91.11* Oil of Turpentine 68.73* M 90.45f Terebene 67.21* Amylic Ether 69.40* Oil of Lemons 70.02* Valeriauic Acid 103.52* HEAT. ] a 10 o "* r>. o 10 CO t- CO lO O I- 1O o >o QO CM 10 ^H o o" o* d o* d d o S O CO CM CM CM CM CM Ci CM CM CM CM rH CO CO CM CO CM CM 1. ?3 3 3 3 3 33 CO CO lO O CO ^H Ci 1 CM CO t^ t^ i-H TH CM r- 1 < i OOOC5CO>O -lC7iO^COO^-^CO(Mr-i O O CO CM *O *> O ^^ CO O^ -H Ci CO C7i O O O CO -* fM O CM "? CM O ~ OO< iiiiOiOOCOl^-C^-OOO Oi? k l 7 l(M CM CO ~t W ,0 O CO *O o o o a r-i^-iOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 000 o o o S GO O i O s I 2 -H- 1 d 333 3 S, CO OOt- coOOOOOOOOOiOOOO r-lrH i-HCM (M-^COCOCO COCOCO CO iO O ^ CO 000 1 + 1+ 14-14- 1 4- * O O CO ^ -t CO ^ t^ X) *-* cL odd 03 >0 ^2 <M I E 1 3 .333 i. GO a QO O t>^ S 777 < i i i 1 J ;c I < *^ cc aJ c "1 3 1 t ^3 ^^r ^ PQ ^ W PQ g * :-B ft o o a a ti H j HEAT. 55 OOCOC^J 00 ^ CO if rH C<l t-- <M _ CO C5 CO O CO Ci lO CO <?J-f MCOC5 O ~- 00 <> o o <M t>- o ct r: c o <M "MrH-JJ TjH rH <N "^ "^ r-i^-lrHOrH o ooo o o o oo o o ooo OS 00 rH OOC5 -^COQCCOiM rH (N C^ i i rj C7-r ~TI-t^ s * C^l (N C^l C^l C^l C^l M "M M 3333 3 3 3 33 33333 OCOpOCOt^OOC5O-^00(MCO-f tTfO<M-Hj<COOCOOC(MCiOOOCNpOO Mr^COO36ocOCi<NOCi^JCOCOCOt>-C5O iCOr-iiOOOOOC5Ot~^tiOO oo ooo o ooooooooooo oooooooooooo oo 333 3 33333 CO Ot^OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ^C4 CO COCOC5CO COCOCO COCOCO COCO(M Tf I + I + I + I + s - 2 i a. a ss o " g I J . 3 *| ^ c F I ^ "I "I & o 7n 3 <yS . i~! g ^ w w <J O P C^H OPnH^PQ HEAT. TABLE OF SPECIFIC HEATS OF THE MOST COMMON GASES AND VAPORS. Tlie quantity of heat necessary to raise 1 gramme of water from to V being unity. REQNAULT. Memoires de PAcademie de France, Tome XXVI. pp. 303, 313, 318. Name. Equal Weights. Equal Volumes. Density. Oxygen 0.21751 24049 1.10560 Nitrogen 0.24380 0.23680- 0.97130 Hydrogen 3.40900 0.23590 0.06H20 Chlorine 0.12099 0.29645 2.45020 Bromine vapor 0.05552 0.30400 5.47720 Deutoxide of Nitrogen 0.23170 0.24060 1.03840 Carbonic oxide 0.24500 0.23700 0.96730 Hydrochloric Acid^ 0.18520 0.23330 1.25960 Carbonic Acid 0.21G90 0.33070 1.52010 Protoxide of Nitrogen 0.22620 0.34470 1.52410 Vapor of Water 0.48050 0.29890 0.62190 Sulphurous Acid 0.15440 0.34140 2.21130 Hydrosulphuric Acid Bisulphide of Carbon 0.24320 0.15690 0.28570 0.41220 1.17470 2.62580 Protocarburetted Hydrogen 0.59290 0.32770 0.55270 Chloroform 0.15670 0.64610 4.12440 Bicarburetted Hydrogen 0.40400 0.41600 0.96720 Ammonia 0.50840 0.29960 0.58940 Benzine 0.37540 1.01140 2.69420 Essence of Turpentine Wood Spirit 0.50610 0.45800 2.37760 0.50630 4.69780 1.10550 Ether 0.47970 1.22660 2.55730 Sulphide of Ethyl 0.40080 1.24660 3.11010 Chloride " 0.27380 0.60960 2.22690 Bromide " 0.18960 0.70260 3.70580 Dutch liquid 0.22930 0.78360 3.11740 Acetone 0.41250 0.82640 2.00360 Acetate of Ethyl 0.40080 1.2J840 3.04000 Chloride of SiliVium 0.13220 0.77780 5.88330 Terchloride of Phosphorus 0.13470 0.63950 4.74640 " Arsenic 0.11220 0.70340 6.26670 Bichloride of Titanium 0.12900 O.S5640 6.64920 Tin 0.09390 0.84160 8.96540 HEAT. SPECIFIC HEAT OF WATER AND LATENT HEAT OF THE VAPOR OF WATER. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXI. p. 748. Tempera ture meas ured by the Air Ther mometer. T. Number of units of Il.-iit lost by one Kilogramme of Witter in pul ing from T to 0. Q,. Mean Specific Heat of Water between and T. Specific Heat of Water from TtoT +dT dQ, dT Latent Heat of the saturated Vapor at the Temperature T. Total Heat. o 0.000 0.0000 1.0000 606.5 0.0 10 10.002 .0002 1.0005 599.5 609.5 20 20.010 .0005 .0012 592.6 612.6 30 30.026 .0009 .0020 585.7 615.7 40 40.051 .0013 .0030 578.7 618.7 50 50.087 .0017 .0042 571.6 621.7 60 60.137 .0023 .0056 564.7 624.8 70 70.210 .0030 .0072 557.6 627.8 80 80.282 .0035 .0089 550.6 630.9 90 90.381 .0042 .0109 543.5 633.9 100 100.500 .0050 .0130 536.5 637.0 110 110.641 .0058 .0153 529.4 640.0 120 120.806 .0067 .0177 522.3 643.1 130 130.997 .0076 .0204 515.1 646.1 140 141.215 .0087 .0232 508.0 649.2 150 151.462 .0097 .0262 500.7 652.2 160 161.741 .0109 .0294 493.6 655.3 170 172.052 .0121 .0328 486.2 658.3 180 is 2. 3 98 .0133 .0364 479.0 661.4 190 192.779 .0146 .0401 471.6 664.4 200 203.200 .0160 .0440 464.3 667.5 210 213.660 .0174 .0481 456.8 670.5 220 224.162 .0189 .0524 449.4 673.6 230 234.708 .0204 .0568 441.9 676.6 TOTAL HEAT OF VAPORIZATION OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS. REGNAULT. Memoires de PAcademie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 9ia Substance. oc. Substance. c. Amylic Alcohol 211.78 Acetate of Ethyl 154.49 Turpentine 139.15 Bisulphide of Carbon 96.80 Essence of Citron 160.49 Alcohol 265.50 Petroleum 194.87 Ether 109.12 Chloride of Ethyl 97.70 Benzine 127.40 Iodide of Ethyl 58.95 Chloroform 76.33 Bromine 50.95 Chlorideof Carbon (CC1J 62.30 Bichloride of tin 46.84 Acetone 153.65 Terchloride of Arsenic 69.74 Water 636.70 Terchloride of Phosphorus 67.24 58 HEAT, TABLE OF THE LINEAR EXPANSION OF VARIOUS SOLID BODIES BETWEEN AND 100 C. Substance. Expansion. Observer. Lead 0.00284836 Lavoisier. u 0.00271900 Guyton de Morveau. u 0.00286667 Smeaton. u 0.00300500 Calvert and Johnson. Iron, Wrought 0.00122045 Lavoisier and Laplace. u a 0.00118203 Dulonjx and Petit. u u 0.00125833 Smeaton. n it 0.00118700 Calvert and Johnson. Iron, Wire 0.00123504 Lavoisier. u u 0.00114010 Borda. Iron, Cast 0.00111700 Calvert and Johnson. u u 0.00110940 Roy. Glass, English flint 0.00081166 Lavoisier. " French " 0.00087199 u " Soft 0.00086100 D along and Petit u u 0.00083333 Smwiton. " Tube 0.00077615 Roy. " " free from Lead 0.00087572 Lavoisier. it u u u u 0.00091751 u " Rod 0.00080787 Roy. Gold, Fine 0.00146606 Lavoisier. " Paris test unannealed 0.00155155 u " " " annealed 0.00151361 it u u 0.00147500 0.00140100 Guyton de Morveau. KlHcot, u 0.00137400 Calvrrt and Johnson. Copper 0.00171000 Ellin >t. " Hammered 0.001 72214 Lavoisier. u 0.00176900 Calvert and Johnson. w 0.00171222 Lavoisier. u 0.00171H22 Dulong and Petit. " Cast 0.00187900 Calvert and Johnson. Brass 0.00193332 Smeaton. HEAT. 59 Substance. Expansion. Observer. Brass Wire 0.00187821 Lavoisier. u u 0.00188500 Herbert. " Hammered 0.00182800 Calvert and Johnson. " Cast 0.00186671 Lavoisier. U U 0.00193000 Calvert and Johnson. It 0.00187500 Smeaton. Palladium 0.00100000 Wollaston. Platinum 0.00088417 Dulong and Petit. u 0.00090000 Wollaston. u 0.00085700 Guyton de Morveau. (( 0.00088100 Calvert and Johnson. Silver, Cupeled 0.00190974 Lavoisier. u 0.00198800 Guyton de Morveau. u 0.00208260 Troughton. " Cast 0.00199100 Calvert and Johnson. Steel, Soft 0.00107875 Lavoisier. u u 0.00115000 Smeaton. u u 0.00103800 Calvert and Johnson. " Tempered 0.00140200 u u u u 0.00136900 Lavoisier. " Rod 0.00114470 Roy. Bismuth 0.00139167 Smeaton. u 0.00134100 Calvert and Johnson. Zinc, Cast 0.00294167 Smeaton. U it 0.00305100 Guyton de Morveau. " Hammered 0.00310833 Smeaton. u u 0.00219300 Calvert and Johnson. Tin, Fine 0.00216400 Guyton de Morveau. u 0.00209300 Herbert. u 0.00271700 Calvert and Johnson. " Malacca 0.00193765 Lavoisier. " Common 0.00248330 Smeaton. Bronze 0.00181667 u Alloy 1 Zn 2 Cu 0.00205833 a Calc-spar in the Chief Axis 0.00286000 Mitsrherlich. Coal from Oak Wood 0.00120000 P. Henrich. " Fir O. OOIOOOOO u Marble from Carrara 0.00084870 Destigny. " " St. Beat 0.00041810 u Phosphorus from 0-39.50 0.00142455 Erman. Aluminum 0.00221800 Calvert and Johnson. Cadmium 0.00332300 u i* Antimony, Hammered 0.00098500 u Speculum Metal 0.00193333 Smeaton. Antimony 0.00108330 u Solder, Soft 0.00250533 u 60 HEAT. TABLE OF THE CUBICAL EXPANSION OF DIFFERENT SOLID BODIES FOR EACH INCREASE OF 1 C. OF TEMPERATURE. KOPP. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, LXXXI. 65. Name of Substance. Formula. Coefficient of Expansion. Antimony Sb 0.000033 Bismuth Bi 0.000040 Cadmium Cd 0.000094 Copper Cu 0.000051 Iron Fe 0.000037 Lead Pb 0.000089 Sulphur S 0.000183 Tin Sn 0.000069 Zinc Zn 0.000089 Barium, Sulphate BaO, S0 3 0.000058 Arragonite CaO, CO 2 0.000065 Dolomite CaO, C0 2 + MgO, C0 2 0.000035 Strontium, Sulphate SrO, S0 3 0.000061 Specular Iron Ore Fe O 0.000040 Iron Pyrites FeS 2 0.000034 Carbonate of Iron, Manganese, and Magnesia Fe(Mg,Mn)O,CO, 0.000035 Fluor Spar CaF 0.000062 Carbonate of Lime, Calc-spar CaO, CO, 0.000018 Magnetic Iron Ore FeA 0.000029 Orthoclase ( KO, S5O 2 -f 0.000026 ( .AlrtV^/o* OOl\_/a 0.000017 Quartz SiO a j 0.000042 ( 0.000039 Rutile TiO, 0.000032 Tin Stone SnO a 0.000016 Zinc Blende ZnS 0.000036 Hard Potash Glass 0.000021 Soft Soda Glass 0.000026 " " another kind 0.000024 Galena PbS 0.000068 HEAT. 61 TABLE OF THE VOLUME OF A GLASS VESSEL WHEN ITS VOLUME AT 15 C. IS TAKEN AS UNITY. GERLACH S Salzlbsungen, p. 115. VOLUME AT OC. 0.99961210 cc. 23 .00020688 1 0.99963796 24 .00023274 2 0.99966382 25 .00025860 3 0.99968968 26 .00028446 4 0.99971554 27 .00031032 5 0.99974140 28 .00033618 6 0.99976726 29 .0003G204 7 0.99979313 30 .00038790 8 0.99981898 35 .00051720 9 0.99984484 40 1.00064650 10 0.99987070 45 1.00077580 11 0.99989656 50 1.00090510 12 0.99992242 55 1.00103440 13 0.99994828 60 1.00116370 14 0.99997414 65 1.00129300 15 .00000000 70 1.00142230 16 .00002586 75 1.00155160 17 .00005172 80 1.00168090 18 .00007758 85 1.00181020 19 .00010344 90 1.00193950 20 .00012930 95 1.00206880 21 .00015516 100 1.00219810 22 1.00018102 62 HEAT. TABLE OF THE EXPANSION OF GLASS. Calculated from Regnault s data. JAS T. BROWN. Jour. Chem. Society, N. S. IV. p. 80. t t 1 + k (t t) t -t 1 + k (f t) t t 1 + k (f - t) 35 1.00096 145 1.00421 250 1.007(55 40 1.00110 150 1.00436 255 1.00780 45 1.00124 155 1.00451 260 1.00795 50 1.00138 160 1.00465 265 1.00810 55 1.00151 165 .00480 270 1.00826 60 1.00165 170 .00494 275 1.00841 65 1.00179 175 .00509 280 1.00856 70 1.00193 180 .00523 285 1.00*892 75 1.00207 185 .00551 290 1.00907 80 1.00220 190 .00566 295 1.00929 85 1.00241 195 .00581 300 1.00939 90 1.00255 200 .00596 305 1.00954 95 1.00269 205 .00610 310 1.001)70 100 1.00284 210 .00625 315 1.00985 105 1.00298 215 .00640 320 1.01001 110 1.00312 220 .00655 325 1.01017 115 1.00326 225 .00670 330 1.01032 120 1.00340 230 .00685 335 1.01048 125 1.00355 235 1.00719 310 1.01064 130 1.00369 240 1.00734 345 1.01079 135 1.00392 245 1.00749 350 1.01095 140 1.00407 HEAT. G3 TABLE OF THE ABSOLUTE DILATATION OF MERCURY. REGNAULT. Memoires de I Acadeiuie de France, Tome XXI. p. 328. Difference between Tempera ture by Air Ther Dilatation of Mercury from to T. Mean Coefficient of Dilatation from to T. Real Coefficient of Dilatation at T. d A Temperature deduced from ; the absolute Dilatation of Thermome ter based on the absolute Dilatation o mometer * r Alercury. Mercury am T. Sr s dT e the Air Ther mometer. (6 - T.) 0.000000 0.00000000 0.00017905 0.000 0.000 10 0.001792 000017925 0.00017950 9.872 0.128 20 0.003590 0.00017951 0.00018001 19.776 0.224 30 0.005393 0.00017976 0.00018051 29.709 0.291 40 0.007201 0.00018002 0.00018102 39.668 0.332 50 0.009013 0.00018027 0.00018152 49.650 0.350 60 0.010831 0.00018052 0.00018203 59.665 0.335 70 0.012655 0.00018078 0.00018253 69.713 0.287 80 0.014482 0.00018102 0.00018304 79.777 0.223 90 0.016315 0.00018128 0.00018354 89.875 0.125 100 0.018153 0.00018153 0.00018405 100.000 0.000 110 0.019996 0.00018178 0.00018455 110.153 -f-0.153 120 0.021844 0.00018203 0.00018505 120.333 0.333 130 0.023697 0.00018228 0.00018556 130.540 0.540 140 0.025555 0.00018254 0.00018606 140.776 0.776 150 0.027419 0.00018279 0.00018657 151.044 1.044 160 0.029287 0.00018304 0.00018707 161.334 1.334 170 0.031160 0-00018329 0.00018758 171.652 1.652 180 0.033039 0.00018355 0.00018808 182.003 2.003 190 0.034922 0.00018380 0.00018859 192.376 2.376 200 0.036811 0-00018405 0.00018909 202.782 2.782 210 0.038704 0.00018430 0.00018959 213.210 3.210 220 0.040603 0.00018456 0.00019010 223.671 3.671 230 0.042506 0-00018481 0.00019061 234.154 4.154 240 0.044415 0.00018506 0.00019111 244.670 4.670 250 0.046329 0.00018531 0.00019161 255.214 5.214 260 0.048247 0-00018557 0.00019212 265.780 5.780 270 0.050171 0.00018582 0.00019262 276.379 6.379 280 0.052100 0-00018607 0.00019313 287.005 7.005 290 0.054034 0.00018632 0.00019363 297.659 7.659 300 0.055973 0.00018658 0.00019413 308.340 8.340 310 0.057917 0.00018683 0.00019464 319.048 9.048 320 0.059866 0.00018708 0.00019515 329.786 9.786 330 0.061820 0.00018733 0.00019565 340.550 10.550 340 0.063778 0.00018758 0.00019616 351.336 11.336 350 0.065743 0.00018784 0.00019666 362.160 12.160 HEAT. TABLE COMPARING AIR AND MERCURY THERMOMETERS MADE OF DIFFER ENT KINDS OF GLASS. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXI. p. 239. Temperature of Air Ther mometer. Temperatures of Mercurial Thermometers. Crystal from Choisy-le-Koi. Common Glass. Green Glass. Ilard Swedish Glass. 100 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 110 110.05 109.98 110.03 110.02 120 120.12 119.95 120.08 120.04 130 130.20 129.91 130.14 130.07 140 140.29 139.85 140.21 140.11 150 150.40 149.80 150.30 150.15 160 1G0.52 159.74 160.40 1G0.20 170 170.65 169.68 170.50 170.26 180 180.80 179.63 180.60 180.33 190 191.01 189.65 190.70 190.41 200 201.25 199.70 200.80 200.50 210 211.53 209.75 211.00 210.61 220 221.82 219.80 221.20 220.75 230 232.16 229.85 231.42 230.91 240 242.55 239.90 241.60 241.16 250 253.00 250.05 251.85 251.44 260 263.44 260.20 262.15 270 273.90 270.38 272.50 280 284.48 280.52 282.85 290 295.10 290.80 293.30 300 305.72 301.08 310 816.45 311.45 320 327.25 321.80 330 338.22 332.40 340 349.30 343.00 350 360.50 354.00 HEAT. G5 TABLE FOR COMPARISON OF CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETER SCALES. Centi grade. Fahrenheit. Centi grade. Fahrenheit. Centi grade. Fahrenheit Centi grade. Fahrenheit -flOO +212.0 +64 +147.2 +29 +84.2 6 +21.2 99 210.2 63 145.4 28 82.4 7 19.4 98 208.4 62 143.6 27 80.6 8 17.6 97 206.6 61 141.8 26 78.8 9 15.8 96 204.8 60 140.0 25 77.0 10 14.0 95 203.0 59 138.2 24 75.2 11 12.2 94 201.2 58 136.4 23 73.4 12 10.4 93 199.4 57 134.6 22 71.6 13 8.6 92 197.6 56 132.8 21 69.8 14 6.8 91 195.8 55 131.0 20 68.0 15 5.0 90 194.0 54 129.2 19 66.2 16 3.2 89 192.2 53 127.4 18 64.4 17 + 1.4 88 190.4 52 125.6 17 62.6 18 - 0.4 87 188.6 51 123.8 16 60.8 19 2.2 86 186.8 50 122.0 15 59.0 20 4.0 85 185.0 49 120.2 14 57.2 21 5.8 84 183.2 48 118.4 13 55.4 22 7.6 83 181.4 47 116.6 12 53.6 23 9.4 82 179.6 46 114.8 11 51.8 24 11.2 81 177.8 45 113.0 10 50.0 25 13.0 80 176.0 44 111.2 9 48.2 26 14.8 79 174.2 43 109.4 8 46.4 27 16.6 78 172.4 42 107.6 7 44.6 28 18.4 77 170.6 41 105.8 6 42.8 29 20.2 76 168.8 40 104.0 5 41.0 30 22.0 75 167.0 39 102.2 4 39.2 31 23.8 74 165.2 38 100.4 3 37.4 32 25.6 73 163.4 37 98.6 2 35.6 33 27.4 72 161.6 36 96.8 + 1 33.8 34 29.2 71 159.8 35 95.0 32.0 35 31.0 70 158.0 34 93.2 1 30.2 36 32.8 69 156.2 33 91.4 2 28.4 37 34.6 68 154.4 32 89.6 3 26.6 38 36.4 67 152.6 31 87.8 4 24.8 39 38.2 66 150.8 +30 + 86.0 5 + 23.0 _40 40.0 -|-65 -j-149.0 66 HEAT. TABLE FOR THE COMPARISON OF THE FAHRENHEIT AND CENTIGRADE THERMOMETER SCALES. Fahrenheit. Centigrade. Fahrenheit. Centigrade. Fahrenheit. Centigrade. +212 +100.00 +174 + 78.89 +136 +57.78 211 99.44 173 78.33 135 57.22 210 98.89 172 77.78 134 56.67 209 98.33 171 77.22 133 56.11 208 97.78 170 76.67 132 55.55 207 97.22 169 76.11 131 55.00 206 96.67 168 75.55 130 54.44 205 96.11 167 75.00 129 53.89 204 95.55 166 74.44 128 53.33 203 95.00 165 73.89 127 52.78 202 94.44 164 73.33 126 52.22 201 93.89 163 72.78 125 51.67 200 93.33 162 72.22 124 51.11 199 92.78 161 71.67 123 50.55 198 92.22 160 71.11 122 50.00 197 91.67 159 70.55 121 49.44 196 91.11 158 70.00 120 48.89 195 90.55 157 69.44 119 48.33 194 90 . 00 156 68.89 118 47.78 193 89.44 155 68.33 117 47.22 192 88.89 154 67.78 116 46.67 191 88.33 153 67.22 115 46.11 190 87.78 152 66.67 114 45.55 189 87.22 151 66.11 113 45.00 188 86.67 150 65.55 112 44.44 187 86.11 149 65.00 111 43.89 186 85.55 148 64.44 110 43.33 155 85.00 147 63.89 109 42.78 184 84.44 146 63.33 108 42.22 183 83.89 145 62.78 107 41.67 182 83.33 144 62.22 106 41.11 181 82.78 143 61.67 105 40.55 180 82.22 142 61.11 104 40.00 179 81.67 141 60.55 103 39.44 178 81.11 140 60.00 102 38.89 177 80.55 139 59.44 101 38.33 176 80.00 138 58.89 100 37.78 +175 + 79.44 +137 +58.33 + 99 +37.22 HEAT. 67 Fahrenheit. Centigrade. Fahrenheit. Centigrade. Fahrenheit. Centigrade. +98 -J-36.67 +51 -flO.55 -M 15.00 97 36.11 50 10.00 4 15.55 96 35.55 49 9.44 3 16.11 95 35.00 48 8.89 2 16.67 94 34.44 47 8.33 + 1 17.22 93 33.89 46 7.78 17.78 92 33.33 45 7.22 1 18.33 91 32.78 44 6.67 2 18.89 90 32.22 43 6.11 3 19.44 89 31.67 42 5.55 4 20.00 88 31.11 41 5.00 5 20.55 87 30.55 40 4.44 6 21.11 86 30.00 39 3.89 7 21.67 85 29.44 38 3.33 8 22.22 84 28.89 37 2.78 9 22.78 83 28.33 36 2.22 10 23.33 82 27.78 35 1.67 11 23.89 81 27.22 34 1.11 12 24.44 80 26.67 33 + 0.55 13 25.00 79 26.11 32 0.00 14 25.55 78 25.55 31 0.55 15 26.11 77 25.00 30 1.11 16 2G.67 76 24.44 29 1.67 17 27.22 75 23.89 28 2.22 18 27.78 74 23.33 27 2.78 19 28.33 73 22.78 26 3.33 20 28.89 72 22.22 25 3.89 21 29.44 71 21. G7 24 4.44 22 30.00 70 21.11 23 5.00 23 30.55 69 20.55 22 5.55 24 31.11 68 20.00 21 6.11 25 31.67 67 19.44 20 6.67 26 32.22 66 18.89 19 7.22 27 32.78 65 18.33 18 7.78 28 ;;:;.::;} 64 17.78 17 8.33 29 33.89 63 17.22 16 8.89 30 34.44 62 16.67 15 9.44 31 35.00 61 16.11 14 10.00 32 35.55 60 15.55 13 10.55 33 36.11 59 15.00 12 11.11 34 36.67 58 14.44 11 11.67 35 37.22 57 13.89 10 12.22 36 37.78 56 13.33 9 12.78 37 38.33 55 12.78 8 13.33 38 38.89 54 12.22 7 13.89 39 39.44 53 11.67 + 6 14.44 40 40.00 +52 -f-11.11 HEAT. g O CO ^ 3 <& CO rH ^ tr} ts 1 -H- 1 S rH P. u 1 JI ^ 2S o H ?*i b cb o -^ ^* X H rH CO rH ^ O CS O rH <i> X 1 + -2 00 ^ O-^OOCOCSOOOOO>O rHCOO CDC5 lOOJOO rHt^rHCOrH(>4Tf-f(T^COCOO C5O1CS r-iQO C5-HCO K^> Pi o e> o rH(MC5CO(Mt-t-CDCSCOCD(M OOJO r-(M OCDCO H-~ C.^ Jj COCOCMt^CS-^CSCDrHCSCOCO CSOCS COCS (M(Nl^ <i3 r5J M M oo O OOrHOOrHrHrHdO OO OrHO rnCM (NdrH nperalure /, H p. R H g COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO -HOOOi^O-^OOOCSCOOiOOcoOOOOOOO OOrH(MrHCOOCDC5OOOCOOCOrHlO-tlOOOl > -Ol > -CSCO O^,^^, oC5OOOOrHtO *C50)OCOl^O(Nif5t>-t^QO gcOrHrHOCDCS(MOOOCO(MOOOCSOCOdO>OOt-iC ~JO <<rMCSCSO>OCOCDCOOCDT)irHO~-Fr:<>JOCOGNOt-Ht-O OOOOOOOrHOOOOOOOOOCiOOOO O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOt-OOOOO F^ 10 4~ *" 8 P, H H OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOCOOrHOO-tiOOCDO-rtHCOOOOOOOO < TiOieOiOOO^OOOr-iOOOO5 *CO<MCOOOOOOO-tOS c S OCSOCDOOCO OO MCO-tX)OJT^aCO(MOCOt>-COCSt>.t- S 1-1 ^ .-7 CD l~ O rH O CD rH CD CD O O CO >O d r^ ^D 1- CO rH CO ^ ~t 2 p. t^iOCOCOCO>OCSCOrHCOC5CDCO(r5COOt^CO tC5C5CSCO o H OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOrHOOOOOO Hi. M r< >o CO OCSOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOdOOOOCOOCi I) COCDO"rtlt^O OOCSO>OOOCSCSCS^OOCDt^OCD Pt CD iO CO Ol O CD Tl TM O "M CS rH 10 ^ CO 1^- l>- CD d O) O T ^ > 00 O CS CO "* t^ (M iO CS id O O CO CO CS OJ d 00 t>- * CS 0>1 71 ^O X < -r)<OOCOrHt^CO <trHO MCSCSX iOCOOCOiM rf<Mt^CO-J< OrHrHlOlOCOrHTfrHCOdCOCSGMdtMCDrHCOCOCSrHCS S$ ooooooooooooooooooooooo 00000000000000000000000 H oT -f + 5- i f*i COCOO^OQOeoOi-i<M>OrH Or^-^ l^CO CSf-CJ O co = fl = ?cocDcoiOrHOOco-rrco"csN -r^dcs oo o co*oo -H s" is;l t>- CO ^ CO rH ^1 t^ rH TJ1 O lO CO t"~ O rH t^ t>- CO rH CO "-o f eq | A _ vf 1* ^ ^z? -H - i O O O O O O O O O O O O OOO PH P-i <! CC H -H i s II - pa S 1 - - i 2 = rf 1 ^ r-i H ^ i T 1 ;; < ^ CL, *S -i 03 >>>-> "5 T" ^-- - T- ZlC* vT V? o 23 -^ < i g 1 1 5 s S^J^ 5 W ? 2*0 = t 9 .b 33 00^0^0^ Sr ** OO 033 C3 r/}."2 0303 l; o33 V o3) / .X ni^3 ^33 53 12 *-0 w ^^^ ^^r3^3O . -r-3 r- g si Pk IlllJIsiiilll I-&- |l i?^ $ ^^Swow^w^^^r^ <5 OM ow HEAT. GO Ci CO X o <r* * " ^ CO "* si CM O 77 s 7- ^t C5 CO O ^ O CO ^~ l"H *"H p - Tt <M X X Ct " p^ 03 "p^ O o o 71 o CO t- 3 "J - CO ie S 1- X Q CO c :- - i- . 00 "~ II ^ o 1-H X Q r- o-^ o*- l o+ J o-*- > - o ** X C o ^ o^ s o^Sj rb Tbo^r ot ot-- oxocoot^ - __ bo X , A , v ^-r^ .f 1 - 1 i || zt ^ r :-. ^- i--5 - to fO ox-^ occ M-rrco x t- t^ O i~ 7 - 71 X 1- X "- ^ CO i g 71 ~ X x to 2 r. C X X 71 _: ~f. 71 71 -.-. ~ ~~ i co <M"t CCOO 1C CO X X I-H CO CO -3 X I-H (M -H (M CO r-, o o ,_,,_, ^.^(^H ^H 1-H O O I-H -H 1-H - - GO o co to o o 1 <-> ^g r - > 000^000000^000000 - s Tf CN ,-H CN X t>- ri X Ci B4 CiXCNt^t^ ^ ^ MCCCMtOOOOC 95 O -.-. - CO -H< CO X ^ - 7? 1O CO 77 coccT-HCOOococc x. cc i- -rococo 77 t * X CM y~ vj CO O t>. rj< <M -rr -- CO O -^ CO Ci t^ -rf t O X O ~ " ~ X 77 CT} <-> Tt O 1-H X o o . " c ^ ^HiOCOiOi-HT-HCNt^-CCI-CCT^I^- 71 "O CNi-HOOOi-0 - I-H .7 = . -r ^ c O c o o o 000 ooooooooooooooooo 00000000000000000 +I++I 1+ +1+1+ r r ; si 3 p O O o o ?~ ^p <~! o o - ooooooooooooooooo s <-> ~ ~ 1 o o 20 r o CC X II x X - - r - - crooooocoooooooo 77. 7. ~ C ~ C ~ OOOl-COOOXl-l- 7 X O X -~ -- ~OOOC5t^-XO>-X^t t^-t > -t^-t^- - CO O a Tf CO to to 71 I - c CO l XXOiOt-CO-Tt-rJ<XtOOO-^f 1-1-7 r - - - ; ~ X -r r-i (M r-H ic i.c 71 O to X X r: X O r- ~ M O 5 o 71 71 ~ -fi ~ O O OCC77 71 O O i-H O CO O C-J O ooooooooooooooooo r c 77. O o o B + 1 + i <=o <50 c ^ M ~ r c CO X ~ aa !>. o o x ooooooooooooooooo OOOOOt-OOOOOOO ICCO05 o ~ c O iC i 7-1 X 71 vr x -- -- TC O - Oco^rtnt^oxt-r:-^: c: r o - ~~ 71 CO C5 s CVi-C ~ 5 as - >O <M :: Ciiciot-^-,1 ^oxcs t- 71 i- cc i- cr. t- <NOc;i-ior;cii-Hi-i^-^-c --xt-xc: r - 71 - C5 t^ X X - o o o 1 . ? r q o q 5 . oooooooooo cocc re c q q q q q q q q q q q q c q q q q 1 1 a 1 O <N Ci CO X) o o 71 r-> -* O-* Ot^Cs OCOOOCO O t^ 03 CO CO 1 -* 71 cc -r (M CO OT}< lOCOC^ CO X > i 7-1 X X CO o >o X CO CO \ tc CN CO C)~H t^^HCC COl^C5Oi-H CO O 71 CO ^ * da 1 \r o"d } 05 o>5( 5 fA : c - 2 o CG t- O t I , q 05 CC O O ^ o o 00 000 OOOOO d o o o C C = o o _~ c c C C! :, :, "^ "Za r- -"S O O O eg 5-f r^ J -~ S 8 > :: t T! > co ^ ^ 3 ^ > > > >> -5 -2 - 1 15* 5 ^S j: j .i t- E ( j^ t ~^ Q ^ 1*11 -2 ^ -r -f; s / *s o o "o "o s ^ . -^ ! c; ^ a a c - 60 - o Z^ "-^ "^* ^* ^c - ~ F - a, !2 ^ - ~ 1= k -=!: -^ _r _H if f O r3 4 B ^o g II s r s -L -iT g ^ E ~-i C_= o "^ c_ ~ = ! ! % ~ 1 1 2 js E E-3-^2 3 a ^ . ^ " "~" ~ -r "^ p 13 s S-, p P;X x < M OKX OK x ^z; H 70 HEAT. fe eo* ^ ~ 55 O ro A, ^ Pi OOCOaOOOOCOi-ii-iOi-HOOOOaiaOOCsOCJOi-iCSO n H fjg e OOOOOOOOOQOOO OO OO<MOOi-iOOO OOOOOOOOOOrnO OOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOO OO OO oooooooooooooooooooooooo OOOOO fOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO cocbciGOOOGO^c^aoot^oocTMccrNe^i-iocoioioco +T++T+ H +?++?++? : f- OOOr^OOOOOO-<*>O OOOOOOOOOOOO 1-HO (1-lF-H^-lr-lOOOOOOOOO 4 r-l O r-t O i-l -l oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo - tl t (I (r-lT-lC<>C<I? ( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ J -J ^> -~ ^^~^~^~~~^~^-J^ ^^^ ^^-J^^ -J oi-g-o. in HEAT. 71 CJ O co b t- oi 4f 9 .3 ^ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOT-iO O -: O O -*t O CD X -M ~ .1 ~^ "3 L- ~ ~ - * - - "- ~ 2L : _; ^ } ^: r;. i- O cc TJ< t- <M -^ Ci ^ o O O 0000 OOOrt<OOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOO O O O O i-i CO tDOCiQOOOCsOO OOOOO>O<-iOOOOC*OC> (- I CO (M -H I OCCOt^-l^- MCDCDXr- 00 ^4* O. CO O * 00 O) ** O) O CN Ci ^ T-H Ci < CO rH ? t t^ C*l C^ Ci iO *-^ O O CD CD "^f C^ ^f M 1 CO CTi ^ CD CD CO >t <NCD<Mi-i t^CCr-OOiOt^t^l^ OXOCiSoC^COC^C?O ^< O O O O O O < O O * < O O -^ C^l f-H O O O O "^ C^ 1 O i"H O O O O O OOOO OOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOO -_o oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 00 00000000000000 000000000000000 OO OOC5OOOOOaGOC^OO MOOCDOOiO * | CO-!tOCCOOOO-"t l OCO COCO" iCSTfCiOiOi O T O 7-1 t>- CD ~C ~ "M-^i iCOi ITJ<C^-" ^cs oo<Nco^-iiococDX -iCMCixt^<McocoTtCit^i.-r:?-M:-:. " -- ^- - X (M t < co rf (M ? i~- o c^ O i- .7 c; t>- cc O i-- "": ^; 2 M i ^~ t- c~. x ft ^O ^OOOO.co^^OOO^oco.^^Q_ t- (M cr. ; x - o ^ ~ " r: c; vr i- " C ~f. CD "M i~ :D i.t -^ t>- to o x rj< -H (N . O i-t CD :: ~ I- ^ ^ <M i Tt t X I- i- r CD t- 1- C5 t^ (M ^-(M A OQ OD O O) O QO Kd Ok *H CO OO C O) O O <<4i >O 9 1-1 O O O ^f 91 09 ^ *H *rf oo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oo ooooooooooooo > oooooooooooccc:c c - -f 4 <M t^. c^ o 72 HEAT. TABLE OF THE ELEVATION OF THE BOILING POINT BY DISSOLVING SALTS IN WATER. LEGRAND. Annales de Chemie et de Physique. The salts are nearly all anhydrous. Name of Salt. Boiling Point C. Proportion of salt to 100 of Water. Chloride of Barium 104.40 60.1 Chlorate of Potassium 104.20 61.5 Carbonate of Sodium 104.63 48.5 Phosphate of Sodium 106.60 112.6 Chloride of Potassium 108.30 59.4 Chloride of Sodium 108.40 41.2 Chloride of Ammonium 114.20 88.9 Tartrate of Potassium 114.67 296.2 Nitrate of Potassium 115.90 335.1 Chloride of Strontium 117.85 117.5 Nitrate of Sodium 121.00 224.0 Acetate of Sodium 124.37 209.0 Carbonate of Potassium 135.00 205.0 Nitrate of Calcium 151.00 362.2 Acetate of Potassium 169.00 798.2 Chloride of Lime 179.50 325.0 Nitrate of Ammonia 180.00 Any Amount. TABLE OF THE VOLUME OF WATER AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. Temperature. Kopp. Calculated by Frank- enheim from Pierre s formulas. Depretz. Water at 4 C = 1. 15 .0037584 10 1.0016851 9 .0014013 1.0016311 8 .0011526 1.0013734 7 .0009355 1.0011354 6 .0007465 1.0009184 5 .0005819 1.0006987 4 .0004382 1.0005619 3 .0003117 1.0004222 2 .0001989 1.0003077 j .0000962 1.0002138 HEAT. 73 Temperature. Kopp. Calculated by Frank- enheim from Pierre s formulas. Depretz. Water at4C = l. o 1.000000 1.0000000 1.0001269 + 1 0.999947 0.9999458 1.0000730 2 0.999908 0.9999094 .0000331 3 0.999885 0.9998878 .0000083 4 0.999877 0.9998820 .0000000 5 0.999883 0.9998903 .0000082 6 0.999903 0.9999148 .0000309 7 0.999938 0.9999524 .0000708 8 0.999986 .0000044 .0001216 9 1.000048 .0000694 .0001879 10 1.000124 .0001482 .0002684 11 1.000213 .0002392 .0003598 12 1.000314 .0003420 .0004724 13 1.000429 .0004557 .0005862 14 1.00055*; .0005877 .0007146 15 1.000695 .0007275 .0008751 16 1.000846 .0008784 .0010215 17 1.001010 .0010404 .0012067 18 1.001184 .0012132 .0013900 19 1.001370 .0013965 .0015800 20 1.001567 .0015940 .0017900 21 1.001776 .0017997 .0020000 22 1.001995 1.0020108 .0022200 23 1.0022-2.-) 1.0022310 .0024400 24 1.0024G5 1.0024648 .0027100 25 1.002715 .0027075 .0029300 26 .0029588 .0032100 27 .0032211 .0034500 28 .0034944 .0037400 29 .0037758 .0040300 30 1.004064 .0040710 .0043300 35 1.005697 .0056770 .0059300 40 1.007531 1.0075120 .0077300 45 1.009541 1.0095625 .0098500 50 1.011766 1.0118150 .0120500 55 1.014100 1.0143596 .0144500 60 1.016590 1.0171180 .0169800 65 .019302 1.0199465 .0196700 70 .022246 1.0229376 .(225500 75 .025440 1.0260782 .0256200 80 .028581 1.0293600 .0288500 85 .031894 1.0327692 .0322500 90 .035397 1.0362943 .0356600 95 .039094 1.0399247 .0392500 -j-100 .042986 1.0436490 .0431500 HEAT. TABLE OP THE TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL. Calculated from RcynaulCs data by Bunsen. Centi grade. Tenths of Degrees. 0.0 0.1 0. 0.3 0.4 o. 0.6 O.T 0.8 0.9 o mm. 12.73 12.82 12.91 13.01 13.10 13.19 13.28 13.37 13.46 13.56 1 13.65 13.74 13.84 13.93 14.03 14.12 14.22 14.31 14.41 14.50 2 14.60 14.70 14.79 14.89 14.99 15.09 15.19 15.29 15.39 15.49 3 15.59 15.69 15.79 15.90 16.00 16.10 16.21 16.31 16.41 16.52 4 16.62 16.73 16.84 16.95 17.05 17.16 17.27 17.38 17.48 17.59 5 17.70 17.82 17.93 18.04 18.16 18.27 18.38 18.50 18.61 18.73 6 18.84 18.96 19.08 19.20 19.32 19.44 19.56 19.68 19.80 19.92 7 20.04 20.17 20.30 20.43 20.55 20.68 20.81 20.93 21.06 21.19 8 21.31 21.45 21.58 21.72 21.85 21.99 22.12 22.25 22.39 22.52 9 22.66 22.80 22.94 23.08 23.23 23.37 23.51 23.65 23.79 23.:u 10 24.08 24.23 24.38 24.53 24.68 24.83 24.99 25.14 25.29 25.44 11 25.59 25.75 25.91 26.07 26.23 26.39 26.55 26.71 26.87 27.03 12 27.19 27.36 27.53 27.70 27.87 28.04 28.21 28.38 28.55 28.72 13 28.89 29.07 29.25 29.43 29.61 29.79 29.97 30.15 30.23 30.51 14 30.69 30.88 31.07 31.26 31.45 31.64 31.84 32.03 32.22 32.41 15 32.60 32.80 33.01 33.21 33.41 33.61 33.82 34.02 84.22 34.42 16 34.62 34.84 35.05 35.27 35.48 35.70 35.91 36.13 36.34 36.56 17 36.77 37.00 37.23 37.45 37.68 37.91 38.14 38.36 38.59 38.82 18 39.05 39.29 39.53 39.77 40.01 40.25 40.49 40.73 40.97 41.21 19 41.45 41.71 41.96 42.22 42.47 42.73 42.98 43.24 43.49 43.75 20 44.00 44.27 44.54 44.81 45.08 45.35 45.61 45.88 46.15 46.42 21 46.69 46.98 47.26 47.55 47.83 48.12 48.40 48.69 48.97 49.26 22 49.54 49.84 50.14 50.44 50.74 51.04 51.34 51.64 51.94 .V2.LM 23 52.54 52.86 53.17 53.49 53.81 54 12 54.44 54.75 55.07 55.38 24 55.70 56.04 56.37 56.70 57.03 57.37 57.70 58.03 58.36 58.70 25 59.03 59.38 59.73 60.08 60.43 60.78 61.13 61.48 61.83 62.18 26 62.53 62.90 63.27 63.64 64.01 64.37 64.74 65.11 65.48 65.85 27 66.22 66.60 66.99 67.38 67.77 68.15 68.54 68.93 69.31 69.70 28 70.02 70.49 70.89 71.89 71.69 72.09 72.49 72.89 73.29 73.69 29 74.09 74.53 74.96 75.39 75.82 76.25 76.68 77.12 77.55 77.98 30 78.40 HEAT. TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF ALCOHOL. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 374. In this and the following Tables of Tensions of Vapor the Temperature is in degrees of the Air Thermometer. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. 20 mm. 3.34 o 20 mm. 44.46 60 mm. 350.21 o 95 mm. 1425.13 135 mm. 4964.22 15 5.10 25 59.37 65 436.90 100 1697.55 1405674.59 10 6.47 30 78.52 70 541.15 105 2010.38 1456458.10 5 9.09 35 102.91 75 665.54 110 2367.64 150 7318.40 12.70 40 133.69 78.26 760.00 115 2773.40 155 8259.19 -f 5 17.62 45 172.18J 80 812.91 120 3231.73 10 24.23 50 219.90 85 986.40 125 3746.88 15 32.98 55 278.59J 90 1189.30 130 4323.00 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF ETHER. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 392. Tem- pera- ature Tension mm. 68.90 89.31 114.72 146.06 184.39 230.89 Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. o 20 15 10 5 -1-5 10 15 20 25 30 34.97 mm. 286.83 353.62 432.78 525.93 634.80 760.00 35 40 45 50 55 60 mm. 761.20 907.04 1074.15 1264.83 1481.06 1725.01 o 65 70 75 80 85 90 mm. 1998.87 2304.90 2645.41 3022.79 3439.53 3898.26 95 100 105 110 115 120 mm. 4401.81 4953.30 5556.23 6214.63 6933.26 7719.20 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF BISULPHIDE OF CARBON. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 402. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. o 20 15 10 5 + * 10 15 mm. 47.30 61.64 79.44 101.29 127.91 160.01 198.46 244.13 20 25 30 35 40 45 46.20 50 mm. 298.03 361.13 434.62 519.66 617.53 729.53 760.00 857.07 mm. 1001.57 1164.51 1347.52 1552.09 1779.88 2032.53 2311.70 2619.08 o mm. 95 2966.34 1003325.15 1053727.19 1104164.06 1154637.41 1205148.79 1-j:. 5t?99.69 1306291.60 o 135 140 145 150 mm. 6925.90 7603.96 8326.92 9095.94 76 HEAT. TENSIOX OF THE VAPOR OF CHLOROFORM. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 415. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tcm- JM IM- ture. Tension. TM11- ]>cni- ture. Tension. Tem- ]>tT;i- ture. Tension. +20 25 30 35 40 45 50 mm. 160.47 200.18 247.51 303.49 369.26 446.01 535.05 55 60 60.16 65 70 75 80 mm. 637.71 755.44 760.00 889.72 1042.11 1214.20 1407.64 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 mm. 1624.10 1865.22 2132.85 2428.54 2754.03 3110.99 3501.03 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 mm. 3925.74 4386.60 4885.10 5422.53 6000.16 6619.20 7280.62 155 160 165 mm. 7985.35 8734.20 1)527.82 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF BENZINE. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 428. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. -20 mm. 5.79 20 mm. 75.65 o 60 mm. 390.10 95 mm. 1167.46 135 mm. 3158.51 15 8.82 25 95.91 65 463.43 100 1340.05 140 3520.73 10 12.92 30 120.24 70 547.42 105 1531.83 145 3912.11 5 18.33 35 149.26 75 643.18 110 17-4 1.12 150 4333.71 25.31 40 183.62 80 751.86 115 1978.22 + 5 34.17 45 224.06 80.36 760.00 120 2235.44 10 45.25 50 271.37 85 874.63 125 2517.06 15 58.93 55 326.41 90 1012.75 130 2824.35 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF CARBON, (C,C1 8 ). REGXAULT. Memoirea de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 439. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem- ]HT;I- ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. o 20 9.80 25 mm. 114.30 o 70 mm. 621.15 o 110 mm. 1887.44 o 155 mm. 5010.21 15 13.55 30 142.27 75 725.66 115 2129.15 160 5513.14 10 18.47 35 175.55 76.5 760.00 120 2393.67 165 6053.83 5 24.83 40 214.81 80 48.29 125 2682.41 170 6634.37 32.95 45 260.82 85 975.12 130 2!>!M;.SS 175 7256.87 + 5 43.19 50 314.38 90 1122.2(5 1 35 8338.56 180 7923.55 10 55.97 55 376.29 95 1286.86 140 8709.04 1 s:> 8636.78 15 71.73 60 447.43 100 1467.09 145 4109.99 190 9399.02 20 90.99 65 528.74 105 1667.19 150 4543.13 HEAT. 77 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF ETHYL. REGXAULT. Memoires de r Acaclomia de France, Tome XXVI. p. 446. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. o 30 25 20 15 10 5 mm. 110.24 145.01 187.85 239.60 302.09 376.72 + 5 10 12.5 15 20 mm 465.18 569.32 691.11 760.00 832.56 996.23 25 30 35 40 45 50 mm. 1184.17 1398.99 1643.24 1619.58 2230.71 2579.40 o 55 60 65 7o 75 80 mm. 2668.43 3400.54 3878.52 4405.03 4982.72 5614.11 o 85 90 95 100 mm. 6301.61 7n47.f)l 7853.92 8722.76 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF BROMIDE OF ETHYL. REGXAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 453. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. 30 mm. 32.18 10 mm. 257.40 45 uim. 947.28 o 85 mm. 3000.63 1 _>:> mm. 7362.25 44.06 15 316.92 50 1112.79 90 3398.95 130 8116.49 20 59.16 20 387.03 55 1300.35 95 3835.53 i:::> 8921.92 15 78.09 25 469.07 60 1511.92 100 4312.32 140 9779.56 10 101.54 30 564.51 65 1749.47 105 4831.22 5 130.58 35 674.92 70 2015.06 110 5394.01 665.57 83.37 760.00 75 2310.73 115 6002.41 _t 207.21 40 801.92 80 2638.57 120 6658.00 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF IODIDE OF ETHYL. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 456. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. mm. 41.95 o 15 mm. 87.64 o 30 mm. 169.07 45 mm. 803.77 60 mm. 512.2.") 1.-) 54.14 20 110.02 35 207.09 50 364.00 10 69.20 25 136.95 40 251.73 55 433.21 78 HEAT. TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF WOOD SPIRIT. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 460. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. o 85 Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. 30 mm. 2.G7 10 mm. 50.13 o 50 mm. 381.68 nun. 1470.92 o 125 mm. 4980.55 25 4.14 15 67.11 55 472.20 90 1741.67 130 5691.30 20 6.27 20 88.67 60 579.93 95 2051.71 135 6479.32 15 9.29 25 115.99 65 707.33 100 2405.15 140 7337.10 10 13.47 30 149.99 66.78 760.00 105 2806.27 145 8308.87 5 19.17 35 192.01 70 857.10 110 3259.60 150 9361.35 26.82 40 243.51 75 1032.14 115 3769.80 Jtj 36.89 45 306.13 80 1238.47 120 4341.77 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF ACETONE. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 472. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. +20 25 30 35 40 45 mm. 179.63 226.27 281.00 345.15 420.15 507.52 50 55 56.3 60 65 mm. 602.86 7-25.95 760.00 SCO.-! 8 1014.32 o 70 75 80 85 00 mm. 1189.38 1387.62 1611.05 1861.81 2141.66 o 95 100 105 110 115 mm. 2452.81 2797.27 3177.00 3593.96 4050.02 120 125 130 135 1-iO mm. 4546.86 5086.25 5669.72 6298.68 6974.43 TENSION OF THK VAPOR OF BROMIDE OF ETIIYLENE. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 468. Tem Tc-m- Tem- Tern- Tem- pera Tension. }::>- Tension. ]UT;I- Tension. pera- Tension. perft- Tension. ture. tu re. ture. ture. ture. -2.-, nun 1.55 o 30 mm. 17.20 o 85 mm. 172.92 o 135 mm. 833.26 o 190 mm. 3020.83 20 1.73 85 21.80 90 206.58 140 953.00 1,95 3833.45 15 2.03 JO 27.49 95 245.51 145 1085.89 200 8668.86 10 !."> 34.47 100 290.48 150 1282.88 205 4026.25 5 3.0!) 50 4 _>.!)!> 105 342.11 155 1394.78 210 4407.52 ;;.!2 :>. ; 53.31 no 401.08 160 1572.49 215 4812.84 -M 5.01 GO <;:>.:;> 115 468.13 165 1766.99 220 5242.61 10 6.42 65 80.64 120 ;,i t.06 170 1979.14 22.-) 5597.17 15 8.25 7o 9s.;5<; 125 629.66 175 22<>M.77 230 6176.87 20 10.57 ::> HD.34 130 7 2:. 7 7 180 8459.78 235 6681.92 25 13.51 80 141.02 131.6 760.00 185 2729.84 240 7212.51 HEAT. 79 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF SILICON (SiCl 2 ). REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 47G. Tem Tem Tem Tem Tem pera Tension. pera Tension. pera Tension. pera Tension. pera- Tension. ture. ture. ture. ture. ture. 1 o mm. mm. mm. mm. o i mm. 23 19.66 5 60.52 15 157.74 35 356.83 55 1 715.44 20 26.49 78.62 20 195.86 40 429.08 56.81 ! 760.00 15 35.28 + 5 99.59 25 241.15 45 512.32 60 837.23 10 46.46 10 125.90 30 294.49 50 607.46 65 I 973.74 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF TERCHLORIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 478. Tem Tem Tem Tem Tem pera Tension. pera Tension. pera Tension. po r;i- Tension. pera Tension. ture. ture. ture. ture. ture. mm. 37.98 o 20 mm. 100.55 40 mm. 233.78 o 55 mm. 408.46 o 70 mm. 674.23 + 5 49.09 25 125.59 45 283.46 60 485.63 73.80 760.00 10 62.88 30 155.65 50 341.39 65 573.86 ::> 787.61 15 79.85 35 191.45 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF TERCIILORIDE OF BORON. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 480. Tem pera ture. 30 Tension. Tem pi 1 ra- turo. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem- l-ra- ture. Tension. mm. 98.25 5 mm. 310.30 18.23 mm. 760.00 40 mm. 1535.25 6?5 mm. 3010.24 2.") 125.68, 381.32 20 807.50 45 l 775.69 70 3392.12 20 15 159.46 200.69 4-5 10 465.03 562.94 25 30 957.29 1127.50 50 55 2042.25 2336.17 75 80 3804.79 4 24*. 28 10 250.54 15 676.57 35 1319.66 60 2658.52 85 4720.11 80 HEAT. TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF CYANOGEN. REQNAULT. Memoires de 1> Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 484. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem- perfr ture. Tension. 30 25 20 15 10 mm. 68.30 103.38 148.21 203.58 270.51 o 5 + 5 10 12.G6 mm. 350.20 444.11 553.99 681.92 760.00 15 20 25 30 35 mm. 830.30 1001.87 1199.76 1427.43 1688.74 o 40 45 50 55 60 mm. 1987.96 2329.77 2719.29 3162.11 3664.24 65 70 75 mm. 4232.24 4873.19 5594.58 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF OIL OF TURPENTINE. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. G01. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem- |mra- ture. Tension. mm. 26.46 40.64 61.30 90.61 131.11 185.62 Tem pera ture. 1 Tern- Tension, pcr.-i- ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. 10 20 30 40 50 mm. 2.07 2.94 4.45 6.87 10.80 16.98 o 60 70 80 90 100 110 o 120 130 140 150 155 159.2 mm. | 257.21] 160 348.98 165 464.021 170 605.20 175 686.37j 180 760.00 185 mm. 775.09 871.27 975.42 1090.11 1207.92 1336.45 190 195 200 mm. 1 173.24 1618.26 1771.47 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF SULPHUR. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 530. Tem Tem Tem T.-m- Tem- pera Tension. pera Tension. pera Tension. piTH- Tension. IMTH- Tension. ture. ture. ture. ttire. turr. 390 mm. 272.31 430 mm. 560.98 470 mm. 1<H;;U7 510 mm. 1871.57 550 mm. 3086.51 400 328.98 1 10 663.11 480 1232.70 520 2133.80 5!0 .W5.33 410 395.20 450 779.89 490 1422.88 530 2421.97 570 US77.0S 420 472.11 460 912.74 500 1635.32 540 2739.21 1 HEAT. 81 TENSION" OF THE VAPOR OF SULPHUROUS ACID. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 590. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. o 30 25 20 15 10.08 mui. 287.47 373.79 479.46 607.90 760.00 o 10 5 -(-.5 mm. 762.48 946.90 1165.06 1421.14 o 10 15 20 25 mm. 1799.55 2064.90 2462.05 2915.97 o 30 35 40 45 mm. 3431.80 4014.78 4670.28 5403.52 50 55 60 65 mm. 6220.01 7125.02 8123.80 9221.40 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF OXIDE OF METHYL. REGNAULT. Memoires de I Acaddmie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 593. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. o 30 mm. 576.54 o 20 mm. 882.00 o 5 mm. 1572.51 o 10 mm. 2628.97 25. mm. 4151.00 25 716.08 15 1077.67 1879.02 15 3079.80 30 4777.99 23.65 760.00 10 1306.63 +5 2229.93 20 3586.01 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF METHYL. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 595. Tem Tern- | Tem Tem 1 Tern- pera Tension. pera- Tension. pera Tension. pera Tension. ; pera- Tension. ture. ture. ture. ture. j ture. o 30 mm. 578.99 20 mm. 888.25 o 5 mm. 157JS.70 o 10 mm. I o 2663.81 2:> mm. 4267.40 25 717.76 15 1079.20 1891.00 15 3134.10. 30 4940.46 23.73 1 760.00 10 ,1309.61 + 5 2251.08 20 3666.95! 35 5691.08 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF AMMONIA. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 607. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. -38?5 30 25 20 15 10 760.00 866.09 1104.28 1392.13 1736.48 2144.62 5 + 5 10 15 20 mm 2624.22 3183.34 3830.34 4574.03 5423.40 G3S7.78 Q 25 30 35 40 45 50 mm. 7477.00 8700.97 10070.18 11595.30 13287.31 15158.33 o 55 60 65 70 75 80 mm. 17219.78 19482.10 21965.13 24675.55 27629.98 30843.09 85 90 95 100 mm. 34330.87 38109.22 42195.71 46608.24 82 HEAT. TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 616. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. 35 40 45 50 Tension. ii.in. 20224.31 22582.46 24954.26 27814.77 Tem pera ture. Tension. -61.8 25 20 15 10 inm. 760.00 8749.33 4438.45 5196.52 6084.57 o 5 + 5 10 mm. 7066.03 8206.29 9490.80 10896.32 15 20 25 30 nun. 12447.94 14151.51 16012.39 18035.35 o 55 60 65 70 mm. 30690.69 33740.16 ;}<;!><; i.f>r, 40353.25 TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CARBONIC ACID. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 625. Tem Tem Tem Tem Tem- pera Tension. pera Tension. pera Tension. pera Tension. pt-ru- Tension. ture. ture. ture. ture. ture. o 78.2 mm. 760.00 10 in in. 20340.20 + mm. 30753.80 o 20 mm. 44716.58 :;:, mm. 62447.30 25 13007.02 5 23441.34 10 34998.65 25 50207.32 40 69184.45 20 15142.44 26906.60 15 39646.86 30 56119.05 45 73314.60 1511 7582.48 I TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF PROTOXIDE OF NITROGEN. REGNAULT. Memoirea de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 631. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. Tem pera ture. Tension. 87.9 2.- 20 mm. 760.00 15694.88 17586.58 o mm. 15 i9;s.j.:i:i 1<) -22008.05 * 5 24579.20 o mm. 027420.97 -f- 530558.64 1031019.09 o 18 20 25 mm. 37831.66 42027.88 46641.40 o 30 35 40 mm. 51708.55 57268.08 63359.78 NOTE. Tables for tension of vapor of Water and Mercury will be found in the next section. HEAT. 83 TABLE OF UNITS OF HEAT EVOLVED BY THE COMBINATION OF EQUIVA LENTS, IN GRAMMES, OF SOME OF THE ELEMENTS. TJie quantity of Heat necessary to raise 1 gramme of Water at C. one degree, being unity. Hydrogen = 1. Those marked F. S. are by Favre and Silbermann, A. by Andrews. Those marked * were calculated, the others observed. MILLER. Chem. Physics, p. 309. Elements. Observers. Oxygen. Chlorine. Bromine. Iodine. Sulphur. Hydrogen F. S. 34462 23783 *9322 *3606 *2741 Carbon F. S. 24240 Sulphur F. S. 17780 Phosphorus A. 36072 Potassium A. 104476 u F. S. *100960 *90188 *77268 *45638 Sodium F. S. 94847 Zinc A. 42282 50658 40640 26617 u F. S. *42451 *50296 *20940 Iron A. 33072 32695 23833 8046 u F. S. *37828 *49651 *17753 Tin A. 33519 *31722 Arsenic A. 24992 Antimony Copper Dulong Dulong 47000 19152 A 30401 30404 it F. S. *21885 89524 *9133 Lead F. S. *27}75 *44730 *32802 *23208 *9556 Silver F. S. *6113 *34800 *25618 *18651 *5524 84 HEAT. HEAT EVOLVED DURING COMBUSTION IN OXYGEN. Heat unit = 1 gramme of water at C. raised 1. MILLER. Chem. Physics, p. 299. "ibstance burned. Heat units evolved by combustion of 1 gramme of substance. Heat units evolved by combination of 1 gramme of Oxygen. Heat units evolved by S trnmnm s (leqt.)of Oxygen. Com pound formed. Observers. Hydrogen 34462 4307 34462 HO F. & S.* a 34743 4343 34743 tt Dulong Carbon 8080 3030 24240 C0 2 F. & : u 7912 6967 23736 tt Despretz Sulphur 2220 2220 17760 SO 3 F. & S. u 2307 2307 18456 it Andrews it 2601 2601 20808 tt Dulong Phosphorus 5747 4509 36072 P0 6 Andrews u 5669 4394 35148 tt Abria Zinc 1301 5285 42282 ZnO Andrews n 1298 5273 42185 tt Dulong Iron 1576 4134 33072 Fe 3 4 Andrews u 1702 4340 34720 tt Dulong Cobalt 1080 3995 31960 ? tt Nickel 1006 3723 29784 NiO tt Tin 1233 4545 36360 Sn0 2 it tt 1144 4230 33519 tt Andrews Antimony 961 5875 47000 SbO 4 Dulong Copper G02 2394 19152 CuO Andrews tt 632 2512 20096 tt Dulong Carbonic Oxide 2634 4609 36876 co a u u u 2431 4258 34034 tt Andrews tt u 2403 4205 33642 tt F. &S. Protoxide of Tin 534 4473 35784 SnO, Dulong u u 521 4349 34792 tt Andrews Suboxide of Copper It it 256 244 2288 2185 18304 17480 CuO tt tt Dulong Cyanogen 5195 4221 33768 a tt Marsh Gas 13063 3266 26128 F. & S. it tl 13185 3296 26368 Dulong Olefiant Gas 11942 3483 27864 Andrews it tt 11858 3458 27664 F. &S. tt tt 12030 3514 28112 Dulong Alcohol 6909 3311 26488 it tt 6850 3282 26256 Andrews u 7183 3442 27536 F. &S. Ether 9027 3480 27840 tt Olive Oil 9862 Dulong Oil of Turpentine 10852 3294 26352 F. & S. Bisulphide of Carbon 3401 2692 21536 ti * F. & S., Favre and Silbermann. HEAT. 85 QUANTITIES OF HEAT DISENGAGED BY THE ACTION OF BROMINE AND IODINE. MILLER. Chem. Physics, p. 300. Elements. Heat units evolved by combination of I gramme of the sub stance. Heat units evolved by combination of 1 gramme of Iodine or Bromine. Heat units evolved by combination of 1 eqt. of Bromine or lodiiie. Com pound pro duced. Observer. Bromine. Zinc Iron 1269 1277 508 298 40640 jZnBr 1 Andrews 23833 ]Fe 2 Br 3 | " Iodine. Zinc Iron 819 463 209 63 26617 8046 Znl Fe^ Andrews u QUANTITIES OF HEAT DISENGAGED BY THE ACTION OF CHLORINE. MILLER. Chem. Physics, p. 300. Elements. Heat units evolved by combination of 1 gramme of the Ele ment. Heat unite evolved by combination of 1 gramme of Chlorine. Heat units evolved by combination of 1 eqt. of Chlorine. Com pound pro duced. Observer. Hydrogen 24087 678 24087 HC1 Abria u 237S3 670 23783 u F. &S. Phosphorus Potassium 3422? 2655 607 2943 21o48 104476 PCI. ? KC1 Andrews u Zinc 1529 1427 50658 ZnCl u Iron 1745 921 32095 Fe,d 3 u Tin 1079 897 31722 Sn CL, 14 Antimony- 707 860 30401 SbCl 3 U Arsenic 994 704 24992 AsCl, u Copper 961 859 30494 CuCl u Mercury ? 822 29181 ? u 8G CASES. I I 3 ^ 2 ^ ^ W 8 I i I CM O !> -^ t- CO CO I O 3 CM CO t- -f OO CO CO CO Oi OS -w CO 00 O 1- 05 r-> CS I 1 CO r- \ CM CM Oi 1 CM CO 1C 2 S II f 1 <N T-t OS }! 10 o oo CM O I ( 1 1 T-H > 1 CM oo CS OS rf d c S O O CO O ^ GO CO CO O .-i CO O i 1 i 1 rH O t>. o o o CO CO CO O OO Ci 1 1 J H 0000 ^0-^0 Til O 00 t Tt co CM t 00 t^ CM 05 t^ CO rH r- 1 1 II CO cj o t^ o CC C5 O OJ "^ CO CO (M o o co o o CO 00 CM <M O " -t 1 OS O O O ~t o o o CO CM O CM CM rH TH f-l J a CO <-H O -OO O OOOCOOJt^OO OOO MiOOiOO O O O O O O t^ O * f S S S T? T^CO-fiOiO O-^f-^f COCOCO CMfMCMCOCM OQ EM IN CO O O O oo o .-H o COOOOCOOQOOO COOOO>Oi IO5OO COCO OOiOOOOO iO^- OOGMOiOO f S CO 10 ^t t^^,^^oiOiO-t^ -rco cocococococo i 0) CO CO CO CO CO oj o^J (>^j o(5 CO* CO* CO CO CO o PH<5fe^ ^<-^^ fefefe ^<5 fe^^^p^ 5 o . "C ,~ -. O ^3 5 "* o o s 1 1. 8 2 a-5 ^^ ^ B g 3 g^ ^ 1 eU UU S2 5 <JB KK 6 o o al l-.g 1 ir^l i TABLES FOR GAS ANALYSIS GASES. 89 FORMULAS FOR THE WEIGHTS, VOLUMES, AND DENSITIES OF GASES. Volume of a gas at C. and 760 mm. when its volume at a given tem perature and pressure is known. F V 1 * - 1 + 0.00367* A 760* F = volume at C. 760 mm., V = the observed volume, h = " " pressure in mm. of mercury reduced to C. Density at C. and 760 mm. when the density at a given temperature and pressure is known. 760 D = D (1 + 0.00367 - A - . D = density at C. and 760 mm., D - = observed density. To determine the density of a gas or vapor by Gay-Lussac s method. w = w = the weight of the vapor, V = the observed volume, Ji = " pressure in mm. of mercury at C., t = temperature of the vapor, 0.001293 = weight of 1 cubic centimetre of air at C. and 760mm. To determine the density of a vapor by Dumas s method. W (W tr) When there is an air bubble 0.001293 (F-OX 4* 90 GASES. In which formulas - 0.001293 < = - 0012D3 <v ~ n 1 + 0.00367 r x |o- fv -r"\ !. 7i " k ) ~~ x w = weight of air in balloon when first weighed, w = weight of air bubble, v = volume of air bubble. W = weight of balloon filled with air, t = temperature at moment of weighing, h = the height of the barometer, t = temperature at moment of sealing, 7i = height of barometer at moment of sealing, W = weight of balloon filled with vapor, V = capacity of balloon in cubic centimetres, F = the volume of water or mercury which enters the balloon. ( F V) = volume of air bubble, /" = the temperature during this determination, h" = pressure on enclosed bubble of air. In almost all cases the factors into which the pressures enter may be neglected, since they may be regarded as constant during the experiment. If the expansion of the glass is allowed for, the formula becomes W (W iv) TO 0.0012932 ( Va - - X In which, a = 1 -f k (C *"), k being the coefficient of expansion of the glass. The above formula may be written W W -f (-1 X V x 0_^iOLX (F F) X*") j>a - ( I - I") D O j A X h 0.0012932 0.00367 760(1~+OT003670 - = i _|_ 0.0036 7 t" GASES. 91 0.0012932 = 760(1 -f- 0.003670* Which values will be found in the tables. Generally -p and a may be neglected, as they are very small. Deville and Troost use the following constants in determining vapor densities. oc. Vapor of Boiling Mercury 350 " " " Sulphur 440 " Cadmium 860 " " " Zinc 1040 The foregoing formulas by the use of logarithms become For volume of a gas Log v = Log r + Log rr^sgjfc + Log 4 For ^S 8 of 1 + 0.00367* and Lo 7SO SCe Tables For weight Log weight = Log w + Log V + Log ^^ + Log m w = weight of one cubic centimetre of the gas. (Page 93.) For the density of a gas at C. and 760 mm. Log D = Log D -f- Log (1 -f 0.00367 ?) -{- Log 760 Log h, Log 760 = 2.88081. For the density of a vapor by Gay-Lussac s method r / 1 Log D = Log w I Log 0.001293 -}- Log V -|- Log ( .OO1293 = 7.11166. 92 GASES. For the density of a vapor by Dumas s method LogD = Log[TF (TF ?)]- ^Log 0.001293 + Log V + L S (f+0700367?) + L S (4)] When there is an air bubble Log D = Log[TF (TF M>) w J |~Log 0.001293 + Log (Vv f ) l + 0.00867 Log , = Log 0.001293 + Log (F- F) + Log ( 1 + o 0367r ) Log = Log ( F V) + Log (1 + 0.00367 ( ) + Log V + L s (1 + 0.00367 r) + Log (T) In most cases it will be sufficient to take the value of h to the nearest millimetre. CASKS. 93 3 i .% a fj J* *i Eill 1 i? t^ 00 t*- <M rt o ex) t^ co o ft I-l s i-> O GO -* i r: X -fj t>. M O (M u-: Ci ffl -? i-^ O ^ 4 fo o o o o o 0000 d d d d d & ~ 8 . T-I O Ci O d eo S t>- CO l>- CO i r- t^ *ot 3 CO CO CO CO ^^" 1- - -/ 00 C 3- CO CO CO CO CC r: re r: 1? ^ O O O O O I | 1C t^ 00 t-00 CO 10 Ci | || CC CO ^O CC CO co oo oo CO CO CO I * O O O O t>- 00 t>. C^ ^ . a 00 t^ CO O r-( n| cc c; co cs t^ Ci QC 1C M t^ |d 04 <M m Ci t^ "^ 000 o ? ^ 000 ^* o3 dodo d 1 2 _j O CO 1-1 78 O <M O > O O c: (M O Ci O cc r^ o (M . O O C5 i-H 1O 1 i-H O O r-J rH c 1 3? O rt Q Is fl .s s g - *- fcf 4itt\ x 3 c l^c^O 94 GASES. LOGARITIIMS OF Centi metres. Millimetres. 1 a 3 1 7.11919 7.42022 7.59631 7.72125 1 8.11919 8.16058 8.19837 8.23313 .26531 2 .42022 .44141 .46161 .48091 .49940 3 .09631 .61055 .62434 .63770 .650ti7 4 .72125 .73197 .74244 .75265 .76264 5 .81816 .82676 .83519 .84346 .85158 6 .89734 .90452 .91158 .91853 .92537 7 .96428 .97043 . .97652 .9S251 .98841 8 9.02228 9.02767 9.03300 9.03 S 2 > 9.04346 9 .07343 .07823 .08297 .08769 .09231 10 .11919 .12351 .12779 .13202 .13622 11 .16058 .16451 .16840 .17226 .I7(o<) 12 .19837 .20197 .80555 .20909 .21261 13 .23313 .23646 .23976 .24304 ,24629 14 .26531 .26841 .27147 .27452 . - 7755 15 .29528 .29816 .30103 .30388 .30671 16 .32331 .32601 .32870 .33137 .33403 17 .34964 .35218 .35471 .35723 .35974 18 .37446 .37687 .37926 .38164 .38400 19 .39794 .40022 .40249 .40474 .40699 20 .42022 .42238 .42454 .42668 .42882 21 .441 11 .44347 . ! 1552 .44757 .44960 22 .46161 .46358 .46554 .46749 .46943 23 .48091 .48280 .48467 .48654 .48840 24 .49940 .50120 .50300 .50479 .50658 25 .51713 .51886 .52059 .52231 .52402 2G .53416 .53583 .53749 .53914 .54079 27 .55 05 5 .55216 .55370 .55535 .55694 28 .56634 .56789 .56944 .57097 .57250 29 .58158 .58308 .58157 .58605 .58753 30 .59631 .59775 .59919 .60063 .60206 31 .61055 .61195 .61334 .61473 .61612 32 .62434 .62569 .62704 .62839 .62973 33 .63770 .63901 .64032 .64163 .64293 34 .65067 .65194 .65321 .65448 .65574 GASES. J5 FROM h = 1 TO h = 699. Centi metres. Millimetres. 5 6 7 8 7.81816 7.89734 7.96428 8.02228 8.07343 1 8.29538 8.32331 8.34964 .37446 .19794 2 .51713 .53416 .55055 .56634 .58158 3 .66325 .67549 .68739 .69897 .71096 4 .77240 .78194 .79128 .80043 .80938 5 .85956 .86737 .87506 .88261 .89004 6 .93210 .93873 .94526 .95169 .95804 7 .99425 9.00000 9.00568 9.01128 9.01681 8 9.04860 . .05368 .05871 .06367 .06858 9 .09691 .10145 .10596 .11041 .11482 10 .14038 .14449 .14857 .15261 .15661 11 .17988 .18364 .18737 .19107 .19473 12 .21610 .21956 .22299 .22640 .22978 13 .24952 .25273 .25591 .25907 .26220 14 .28055 .28354 .28650 .28945 .29237 15 .80952 .31231 .31509 .31784 .32058 16 .33667 .33929 .34190 .34450 .34707 17 .36222 .36470 .36716 .36961 .37204 18 .38636 .38870 .39103 .39334 .39565 19 .401)22 .411 44 .41365 .41585 .41804 20 .43094 .43305 .43516 .4372.-) .43933 21 .45162 .45364 .45565 .45764 .45963 22 .47137 .47329 .47521 .47712 .47902 23 .49025 .49210 .49393 .49576 .49758 24 .50835 .51012 .51188 .51364 .51539 25 .52573 .527!:? .52912 .53081 .53249 26 .54243 .54407 .54570 .54732 .54894 27 .55852 .56010 .56167 .56323 .56479 28 .57403 .57555 .57707 .57858 .58008 29 .58901 .59048 .59194 .59340 .59486 30 .60349 .60491 .60632 .60774 .60914 31 .61750 .61887 .62025 .62161 .62298 32 .63107 .63240 .63373 .63506 .63638 33 .64423 .64553 .64682 .64810 .64939 34 .65701 .65826 .65952 .66077 .66201 9G GASES. Centi metres. Millimetres. 1 3 3 4 35 9.66325 9.66449 9.66573 9.66696 9.66819 36 .67549 .67669 .67790 .67909 .$8029 37 .6S739 .68856 .68973 .69090 .GU206 38 .69897 .70011 .70125 .70239 .70352 39 .71025 .71136 .71247 .71358 .71468 40 .72125 .72233 .72341 .72449 .72556 41 .73197 .73303 .73408 .73514 .7:5tJ19 42 .74244 .74347 .74450 .74553 .74655 43 .75265 .75366 .75467 .75567 .75668 44 .76264 .76363 .76461 .76559 .76657 45 .77240 .77336 .77432 .77528 .77624 46 .78194 .78289 .78383 .78477 .78570 47 .79128 .79221 .79313 .79405 .79496 48 .80043 .80133 .80223 .80313 .8040:5 49 .80938 .81027 .81115 .81203 .81291 50 .81816 .81902 .81989 .82075 .82162 51 .82676 .82761 .82846 .82930 .83015 52 .83519 .83602 .83686 .83769 .83859 53 .84346 .84428 .84510 .84591 .84673 54 .85158 .85238 .85319 .85399 .85479 55 .85955 .86034 .86113 .86191 .86270 56 .86737 .86815 .86892 .86969 .87047 57 .87506 .87582 .87658 .87734 .87810 58 .88261 .88336 .88411 .88486 .88560 59 .89004 .89077 .89151 .89224 .89297 60 .89734 .89806 .89878 .89950 .90022 61 .90452 .90523 .90594 .90665 .90735 62 .91158 .91228 .91298 .91367 .91437 63 .91853 .91922 .91990 .92059 .92128 64 .92537 .92604 .92672 .92740 .92807 65 .93210 .93277 .93343 .93110 .93476 66 .93873 .93939 .94004 .94070 .94135 67 .94526 .94591 .94656 .94720 .94785 68 .95170 .95233 .9521)7 .95361 .354 24 69 .95804 .95866 .95929 .95992 .96055 GASES. 97 Centi metres. Millimetres. 5 G 7 8 g 35 9.66941 9.67064 9.67185 9.67307 9.67428 36 .68148 .68267 .68385 .68503 .68621 37 .69832 .69437 .69553 .69668 .69783 38 .70465 .70577 .70690 .70802 .70914 39 .71578 .71688 .71798 .71907 .72016 40 .72664 .72771 .72878 .72985 .73091 41 .73723 .73828 .73932 .74036 .71140 42 .74758 .74860 .74961 .75063 .75164 43 .75768 .75867 .75967 .76066 .76165 44 .76755 .76852 .76949 .77046 .77143 45 .77720 .77815 .77910 .78005 .78100 46 .78664 .78757 78850 .78943 .79036 47 .79588 .71)679 .71)770 .79861 .79952 48 .80493 .80582 .80672 .80760 .80850 49 .81379 .81467 .81554 .81642 .81729 50 .82248 .82334 .82419 .82505 .82590 51 .83099 .83184 .83268 .83352 .83485 52 .83985 .84017 .84100 .84182 .84264 53 .84754 .84835 .84916 .84997 .85078 54 .85558 .85638 .85717 .85797 .85876 55 .86348 .86426 .86504 .86582 .86660 56 .87123 .87200 .87277 .87353 .87430 57 .87885 .87961 .88036 .88111 .81870 58 .88634 .88708 .88782 .88856 .88930 59 .89370 .89443 .89516 .89589 .89661 60 .90094 .00166 .90238 .90309 .90380 61 .90806 .90877 .90947 .91017 .91088 62 .91507 .91576 .91645 .91715 .91784 63 .92196 .92264 .02333 .92401 .92469 64 .92875 .92942 .93009 .93076 .93143 65 .93543 .93609 .93675 .93741 .93807 66 .94201 .94266 .94331 .94396 .94461 67 .94849 .94913 .94978 .950} 2 .95106 68 .95488 .95551 .95614 .95677 .95741 69 .96117 .96180 .96242 .96304 .96366 98 GA8E3. BAROMETRICAL CORRECTION. LOGARITHMS OF ^ . Milli metres Tenths of Millimetres. 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 O.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 700 9.96428 434 111 447 454 45f) 465 472 478 484 701 490 496 503 509 515 521 527 534 540 546 702 552 558 565 571 577 583 589 596 602 608 70S 614 620 626 632 639 645 651 657 663 670 704 676 682 688 691 701 707 713 719 725 731 70.-) 737 743 749 755 762 768 774 780 786 793 706 799 805 811 817 823 829 836 842 848 854 707 860 866 872 878 884 890 896 903 909 915 70S 922 928 934 940 946 952 958 964 970 976 70!) 982 988 ! 994 *001 *U07 *013 *019 *025 *021 *038 710 9.97044 050 056 062 068 074 081 087 093 099 711 105 111 117 124 130 136 142 148 154 160 712 166 172 178 185 191 197 203 209 215 221 713 227 233 239 246 252 258 264 270 276 282 714 288 294 300 307 313 319 325 331 337 343 715 349 355 3G1 367 373 379 385 391 397 404 7 Hi 410 416 422 428 434 440 446. 452 458 464 717 470 476 482 4ss 494 500 506 513 519 525 718 531 537 543 :>!!) 555 561 567 573 579 585 719 591 597 603 609 615 621 627 633 639 645 720 651 657 663 669 675 681 687 693 699 705 721 711 717 723 729 735 712 748 754 760 766 722 772 778 784 7!0 796 802 808 814 820 826 723 832 838 844 850 856 862 868 874 880 886 721 892 898 904 910 916 922 928 934 940 946 72.") 952 958 961 970 976 982 988 994 *000 *006 726 9.98012 018 024 030 036 042 048 054 060 066 727 072 078 084 090 096 102 1.08 J14 120 126 728 132 138 144 150 156 162 168 173 179 185 729 191 197 203 209 215 221 227 233 239 245 730 251 257 2G3 269 275 280 286 292 298 304 731 310 316 322 828 334 840 346 352 358 31:1 732 370 376 381 887 899 405 411 417 -12:5 7;;:: 429 435 441 447 458 458 464 470 476 482 734 488 494 500 506 r. 1 2 518 524 530 535 541 735 547 553 559 565 571 577 583 589 595 601 736 607 612 618 624 ;:;<> 636 642 648 653 659 737 665 671 677 683 689 695 701 706 712 718 738 72 t 730 786 742 748 754 760 765 771 777 739 783 789 795 SOI 806 812 818 824 830 836 GASES. Milli Tenths of Millimetres. metres. 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 740 9.98842 848 854 860 866 872 877 883 889 741 901 907 913 918 924 930 936 942 948 95 ! 742 959 965 971 977 983 989 994 *000 *006 *012 743 9.99018 024 OoO 035 041 047 053 059 065 (.70 744 076 082 088 094 100 105 111 117 123 129 135 140 146 152 158 164 170 175 181 187 746 193 199 205 210 216 222 228 234 239 245 747 251 257 263 268 274 280 286 292 298 303 809 315 321 327 332 338 344 350 356 361 749 867 373 379 885 390 396 402 408 414 419 750 425 431 437 442 448 454 460 466 471 477 751 483 489 495 500 506 512 518 523 529 535 752 541 547 552 558 564 570 575 581 587 593 753 598 604 610 616 622 627 633 639 645 650 754 656 662 668 673 679 685 691 696 702 708 75fi 714 719 725 731 737 742 748 754 760 765 75G 771 777 783 788 794 800 806 811 817 823 757 829 834 840 846 852 857 863 869 874 880 758 886 892 897 903 909 915 920 926 932 937 751) 943 949 955 960 966 972 977 983 989 995 760 0.00000 006 012 *017 023 029 035 040 046 052 7i;i 057 063 069 075 080 086 092 097 103 109 763 114 120 126 132 137 143 149 154 160 166 7.63 171 177 183 189 194 200 206 211 217 223 7tn 228 234 240 245 251 257 262 268 274 279 7*;:, 285 291 296 302 308 314 319 325 331 336 766 342 348 353 359 365 370 376 382 387 393 767 399 404 410 416 421 427 432 438 444 449 768 455 461 466 472 478 483 489 495 500 506 769 512 517 523 529 534 540 546 551 557 562 77o 568 573 579 584 590 596 601 607 612 618 771 624 629 635 641 646 652 657 663 669 674 772 680 686 691 697 703 708 714 719 725 731 77;; 736 742 717 753 758 764 770 776 781 787 771 793 798 804 809 815 821 826 832 837 843 775 84!) 854 860 865 871 877 882 888 894 899 77(5 905 910 916 021 927 934 938 914 949 955 777 961 966 972 978 983 989 994 *000 *006 *011 778 0.01017 022 028 033 039 044 050 056 061 067 779 072 j 078 083 089 095 100 106 111 117 123 780 128 1 134 139 145 150 156 162 167 173 178 100 GASES. TABLE OF LOG + 0.00367* t Tenths of Degrees. 0.0 0.1 o.a O.3 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 984 968 952 936 920 904 888 872 857 1 9.99841 825 809 793 777 762 746 730 714 698 2 683 667 651 635 619 604 588 572 556 541 3 525 509 493 478 462 446 430 415 399 383 4 368 352 336 321 305 289 274 258 242 227 5 211 196 180 164 149 133 117 102 086 071 6 055 040 024 008 *993 *977 *962 *946 *931 *915 7 9.98900 884 869 853 838 822 807 791 776 760 8 745 729 714 698 683 668 652 637 621 606 9 590 575 560 544 529 514 498 483 467 452 10 437 421 406 391 375 360 345 329 314 299 11 283 268 253 238 222 207 192 177 161 146 12 131 116 100 085 070 055 039 024 009 *994 13 9.97979 963 948 933 918 903 888 872 857 842 14 827 812 797 782 766 751 736 721 706 691 15 676 661 646 631 616 600 585 570 555 540 16 525 510 495 480 465 450 435 420 405 390 17 375 360 345 330 315 300 285 270 255 241 18 226 211 196 181 166 151 136 121 106 091 19 076 062 047 032 017 002 *987 *972 *958 *943 20 9.96928 913 898 883 869 854 839 824 809 795 21 780 765 750 735 721 706 691 676 662 647 22 632 618 603 588 573 559 544 529 515 500 23 485 471 456 441 426 412 397 383 368 353 21 339 324 309 295 280 266 251 237 222 207 25 188 174 159 145 130 116 101 087 072 057 26 049 028 013 *999 *984 *970 *955 *941 *926 *912 27 9.95897 883 868 85 I <x;j9 825 810 796 781 767 28 752 738 723 709 694 680 665 651 636 622 29 607 593 578 564 549 :>;;:> 520 506 491 477 30 463 449 4*4 420 406 391 377 363 348 334 31 320 306 292 277 263 249 >:\ \ 220 206 llil 32 177 163 149 134 120 KM; 092 078 063 049 33 035 021 007 *993 *978 *964 >950 *935 >921 *907 34 9.94S93 879 865 851 837 822 808 794 780 766 GASES. 101 Tenths of Degrees. t 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 i). J 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 O.9 35 9.94752 738 724 710 695 681 667 653 639 625 36 611 97 583 569 55 \ 540 526 512 498 484 37 470 456 442 428 414 400 386 S72 358 344 38 ;;:;n 316 ;;<)-_ 288 274 260 246 232 218 204 39 190 176 162 148 134 121 107 093 079 065 40 051 037 023 009 *996 *982 *968 *954 *940 *926 41 9.93912 898 884 871 857 843 829 816 802 788 4 2 774 760 746 733 719 705 692 678 665 651 43 637 623 609 595 582 568 554 540 527 513 44 499 485 471 458 444 430 417 403 390 376 45 362 348 334 321 307 293 279 266 253 239 46 225 211 198 184 171 158 144 131 117 103 47 089 075 062 048 035 021 007 *994 *980 *967 48 9.92953 940 926 913 899 885 871 858 844 831 49 818 804 791 777 764 750 737 723 710 696 50 683 670 656 643 629 616 603 589 576 562 51 549 536 522 509 496 482 469 455 442 428 52 415 402 388 375 361 348 335 321 308 294 53 281 268 254 240 227 214 200 187 173 160 54 147 134 120 107 094 080 067 054 040 027 55 014 001 *988 *974 *961 *948 *935 *921 *908 *895 56 9.91882 869 856 842 829 816 803 790 776 763 57 750 737 724 711 698 684 671 658 645 632 58 619 606 593 580 567 553 540 527 514 501 59 488 475 462 449 436 422 409 396 383 370 60 357 344 331 318 305 292 279 266 253 240 61 227 214 201 188 175 162 149 136 123 110 G2 097 084 071 058 045 032 019 006 *993 *980 63 9.90967 954 941 928 915 902 889 876 863 851 64 838 825 812 799 786 773 760 747 735 722 65 709 696 683 670 657 644 632 619 606 593 66 580 567 554 542 529 516 503 490 478 465 67 452 439 426 414 401 388 375 363 350 337 68 324 311 298 286 273 260 248 235 229 210 69 197 184 172 159 146 134 121 108 096 083 70 070 057 044 032 019 006 *993 *980 *968 *956 71 9.89943 930 918 905 893 880 867 855 842 830 72 817 805 702 780 767 755 742 730 717 704 73 691 679 666 654 641 628 616 603 591 578 74 565 553 540 528 515 503 490 478 465 453 102 GASES. Tenths of Degrees. 1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 O.T 0.6 0.0 o 75 9.89440 428 415 403 390 378 966 353 341 328 76 316 304 291 279 266 254 241 229 216 204 77 91 179 166 154 141 129 117 104 092 079 78 067 054 042 029 017 005 *992 *980 *967 *955 79 9.88943 931 919 906 894 882 869 857 845 833 80 820 808 796 783 771 759 747 734 722 710 81 697 685 673 661 648 636 624 612 599 587 82 574 562 550 538 525 513 501 489 477 464 83 452 440 428 416 403 391 379 367 354 342 84 330 318 306 294 282 269 257 245 233 221 85 209 197 185 173 160 148 136 124 111 099 86 087 075 063 051 039 026 014 002 *990 *978 87 9.87966 954 942 930 918 905 893 881 869 857 88 845 833 821 809 797 785 773 761 749 737 89 725 713 701 689 677 665 653 641 629 617 90 605 593 581 569 557 545 533 521 509 497 91 485 473 461 449 437 426 414 402 390 378 92 366 354 342 330 318 306 295 283 271 259 93 247 235 223 212 200 188 176 165 153 1 11 94 129 117 105 093 081 070 058 046 034 022 95 010 *998 *986 *975 *963 *951 *939 *928 *916 *904 9(i 9.86892 880 808 857 s i :, 833 821 809 798 786 97 774 762 750 739 727 715 704 692 680 669 98 657 645 633 621 610 598 586 574 563 551 91) 539 527 516 504 493 481 469 458 446 435 100 423 412 400 389 378 366 355 343 331 319 101 307 296 _ 8 ! 273 261 249 238 226 214 203 102 191 179 168 156 145 133 121 110 098 087 103 075 063 052 040 029 017 005 *994 *982 *971 104 9.85959 948 936 925 913 902 890 879 867 856 105 844 833 821 810 798 787 77.-) 764 752 741 106 729 718 706 695 683 672 661 649 638 :_ <; 107 615 603 592 580 569 557 546 534 523 511 IDS 500 488 477 465 1 5 l 443 431 420 408 397 109 386 974 363 351 340 329 317 306 295 283 110 272 261 249 238 227 215 204 193 181 170 111 159 148 136 125 114 102 091 080 069 057 112 046 035 023 012 001 *9S9 *978 *967 *955 #944 113 9.8498S 922 911 899 888 877 866 854 843 832 114 821 810 799 787 776 765 754 742 731 720 GASES. 103 t Tenths of Degrees. 0.0 0.1 o.a 0.3 0.* 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 115 9.84709 698. 687 675 664 653 642 630 619 608 116 597 586 575 563 552 541 530 518 507 496 117 485 474 463 451 440 429 418 407 395 ,384 118 373 362 351 340 329 317 306 295 284 273 in* 262 251 240 229 218 207 196 185 174 163 120 152 141 130 119 107 096 085 074 063 052 121 041 030 019 008 *997 *985 *974 *963 *952 *941 12-2 9.83931 920 909 898 887 876 865 854 843 832 129 821 810 799 788 777 766 756 745 734 723 124 712 701 690 679 668 657 646 635 624 613 125 602 591 580 569 558 547 536 525 514 503 126 493 482 471 460 449 438 428 417 406 395 127 384 373 362 351 340 329 319 308 297 286 128 275 264 253 243 232 221 210 200 189 178 129 167 156 145 135 124 113 102 091 081 070 130 059 048 037 027 016 005 *994 *984 *973 *962 131 9.82951 940 929 919 908 897 886 876 865 854 132 844 833 822 812 801 790 779 769 758 747 133 737 726 715 705 694 683 672 662 651 640 134 630 619 608 598 587 576 565 554 544 533 135 523 512 501 491 480 469 458 448 437 426 136 416 405 395 884 373 363 352 342 331 320 i;i7 310 299 289 278 267 257 246 235 225 214 138 204 193 183 172 162 151 141 130 120 109 139 099 088 078 067 057 046 035 025 014 004 140 9.81993 983 972 961 951 940 929 919 908 898 141 888 877 867 856 846 835 825 814 804 793 142 783 772 762 751 741 730 720 709 699 688 143 678 667 657 646 63u 626 615 GO o f 594 584 144 574 564 553 543 533 522 512 501 491 480 145 470 460 449 439 428 418 408 397 887 376 146 366 356 345 335 324 314 303 293 272 147 262 2.V2 241 231 220 210 200 189 179 168 148 158 1 L8 138 127 117 107 O-H; 086 075 065 149 055 045 035 025 014 004 *994 *984 *973 *963 150 9.80953 943 932 922 911 901 891 881 871 860 151 850 840 830 819 809 799 789 779 768 In 2 748 738 728 717 707 697 687 677 667 656 153 646 886 626 615 605 595 585 575 565 :>:> i i;>i 544 534 524 514 503 493 483 47:) 463 4 5 2 104 GASES. t Tenths of Degrees. 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4: 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 55 9.80442 432 422 412 402 391 381- 471 361 351 156 340 330 320 310 300 289 279 269 259 249 157 239 229 219 209 199 1H9 178 168 158 148 158 188 128 118 108 098 088 078 067 057 047 159 037 027 017 007 *997 *9S7 *977 *967 *957 *947 1GO 9.79937 927 917 907 897 887 877 867 857 847 1G1 837 827 817 807 797 787 777 767 757 747 162 737 727 717 707 697 687 677. 667 657 647 163 637 627 617 607 597 587 577 567 557 547 164 537 527 517 507 497 487 477 467 457 447 165 437 427 417 407 397 388 378 368 358 348 166 338 328 318 309 299 289 279 270 260 250 167 240 230 220 210 200 191 181 171 161 151 168 141 131 121 111 102 092 082 072 062 052 169 042 032 022 013 003 *993 *983 *973 *964 *954 170 9.78944 934 925 915 905 895 885 876 866 8:> 6 171 846 836 827 817 807 797 787 777 768 758 172 748 738 729 719 709 699 689 680 670 660 173 650 640 731 621 611 602 592 582 572 5G3 174 553 543 533 524 514 504 494 485 475 466 175 456 446 437 427 417 408 398 389 379 370 176 360 350 341 331 321 312 302 292 283 273 177 263 253 244 234 224 215 205 195 185 176 178 166 156 147 137 128 118 108 099 089 080 179 070 060 051 041 031 022 012 002 *993 *983 180 9.77973 9<;i 954 945 935 926 916 906 897 887 181 878 868 859 849 840 830 821 811 801 792 182 782 772 763 753 743 73 t 724 715 705 696 183 686. 677 667 658 648 639 629 620 610 601 184 591 582 572 563 553 544 534 525 515 506 185 496 487 477 468 458 449 439 430 420 411 186 402 392 383 373 364 354 345 335 326 316 187 307 297 288 278. 269 259 250 240 231 221 188 212 jo 2 193 183 174 164 155 146 136 127 189 118 108 099 089 080 071 061 052 043 033 190 024 014 005 *996 *986 *977 *968 *958 *949 *940 191 9.76981 921 912 903 898 884 875 865 856 847 192 837 828 818 809 799 790 781 771 762 758 198 7-1:5 784 725 715 706 697 687 678 669 659 194 650 640 631 622 t; 1 2 603 594 585 575 566 GASES. 105 t Tenths of Degrees. 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 195 9.76557 547 538 529 519 510 501 492 482 473 196 464 455 445 436 427 417 408 399 390 380 107 371 362 3.V2 343 334 325 316 306 297 288 198 279 270 260 251 242 233 224 215 205 196 199 187 178 169 159 150 141 132 123 113 104 200 095 086 077 067 058 049 040 031 021 012 201 003 *994 *985 *975 *966 *957 *948 *939 *930 *920 202 9.75911 902 893 884 875 865 856 847 838 829 203 820 811 802 793 784 774 765 756 747 738 204 729 720 711 702 693 683 674 665 656 647 205 638 629 620 611 602 592 583 573 565 556 206 547 538 529 520 511 501 492 483 474 465 207 456 447 438 429 420 411 402 393 384 375 208 366 357 348 339 330 320 311 302 293 284 209 275 266 257 248 239 230 221 212 203 194 210 185 176 167 158 149 140 131 122 113 104 211 095 086 077 068 059 050 042 033 024 015 212 006 *997 *988 *979 *970 *961 *953 *944 *935 *926 213 9.74917 908 8!)9 890 881 872 863 854 845 836 214 827 818 809 800 791 782 774 765 756 747 215 738 729 720 711 702 693 685 676 667 658 216 649 640 631 622 613 604 596 587 578 569 217 560 551 542 533 524 515 507 498 489 480 218 471 462 453 444 435 426 418 409 400 391 219 382 373 364 356 347 338 329 320 312 303 220 294 285 276 268 259 250 241 232 224 215 221 206 197 188 180 171 162 153 145 136 127 222 118 109 100 092 083 074 066 057 048 040 223 031 022 013 005 *996 *987 ; *978 *969 *961 *952 224 9.73943 934 926 917 908 900 891 882 874 865 225 856 847 839 830 821 813 804 795 787 778 226 769 760 752 743 7.M4 726 717 708 700 691 2-27 682 C7;5 665 656 647 639 630 621 613 604 2 o s 595 586 578 569 560 552 543 534 526 517 229 508 499 491 482 474 465 456* 447 439 430 230 422 413 405 396 387 379 370 361 353 344 231 335 326 318 309 SOI 292 283 275 266 258 232 249 240 232 223 215 206 197 189 180 172 233 163 154 146 137 129 120 111 103 094 086 234 077 068 060 051 043 034 026 017 009 000 106 GASES t Tenths of Degrees. O.O 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 o.r 0.8 0.9 235 9.72992 983 975 966 958 949 940 932 923 915 236 906 898 889 881 873 864 856 847 839 830 237 821 813 804 796 787 779 770 762 753 745 238 736 728 719 711 702 694 685 677 668 660 239 651 643 634 626 617 609 600 592 583 575 240 566 558 549 541 532 524 515 507 498 490 241 481 473 464 456 447 439 431 422 414 405 242 397 388 380 371 363 354 346 338 329 321 243 313 304 296 287 279 271 262 254 245 2)57 244 229 221 212 204 195 187 179 170 162 153 245 145 137 128 120 111 103 095 086 078 069 246 061 053 044 036 027 019 Oil 002 094 *985 247 9.71977 969 960 952 943 935 927 918 910 901 248 893 885 876 868 858 851 843 834 826 818 249 810 802 793 785 777 768 760 752 743 735 250 726 718 709 701 693 684 676 668 659 651 251 643 635 626 618 610 601 593 585 576 568 252 560 552 544 535 527 519 511 503 494 486 253 478 470 461 453 445 437 428 420 4 1 2 403 254 395 387 379 370 362 354 346 338 329 321 255 313 305 297 288 280 272 264 255 247 239 256 231 223 215 206 198 190 182 174 165 157 257 149 141 133 124 116 108 100 092 083 075 258 067 059 051 042 034 026 018 010 001 *993 259 9.70985 977 969 960 952 944 936 928 919 911 260 903 895 887 878 870 862 854 846 838 830 261 822 814 806 797 789 781 773 765 756 748 262 740 732 724 716 708 699 691 683 675 667 263 659 651 643 635 627 618 610 602 594 $86 261 578 570 562 ,V> 1 546 530 521 513 505 285 4!)7 489 481 473 465 457 448 440 432 424 266 416 408 400 392 384 375 367 359 ; . ~> i 343 fe67 335 327 319 311 803 295 287 279 271 263 268 255 247. 2:5 9 231 223 215 207 199 191 183 269 175 167 159 151 143 135 127 119 111 103 270 095 087 079 071 063 055 047 039 031 023 271 015 007 *999 *991 *983 *975 *9G7 *959 *951 *943 272 9.69935 927 919 911 903 895 888 880 872 864 273 856 848 840 832 824 816 808 800 792 784 274 776 768 760 752 744 736 728 720 712 704 GASES. 107 t Tenths of Degrees. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 275 9.69696 688 680 672 664 656 648 640 632 625 276 617 609 601 593 585 577 570 562 554 546 277 538 530 522 514 506 499 491 483 475 467 27s 459 451 443 436 428 420 412 404 397 389 279 381 373 3G5 357 349 341 334 326 318 310 280 302 294 286 279 271 263 255 248 240 232 281 224 216 208 200 192 185 177 169 161 153 282 145 137 129 122 114 106 098 090 083 075 283 067 059 051 043 035 027 020 012 004 *996 284 3.68988 980 972 965 957 949 941 933 926 918 289 910 902 895 887 879 871 864 856 848 841 286 833 825 817 810 802 794 786 778 771 763 2S7 755 747 740 732 724 716 709 701 693 686 67<S 670 862 655 647 639 631 623 616 608 289 600 5i>2 585 577 569 561 554 546 538 531 290 523 515 508 500 492 484 477 469 461 454 2!1 446 438 181 423 415 407 399 392 384 377 292 869 861 964 346 338 330 323 315 307 300 _>>;} 292 284 277 269 261 253 246 238 230 223 2:* i 215 207 200 192 184 176 169 161 153 146 29.-) 138 130 123 115 107 100 092 085 077 070 296 062 054 047 039 031 023 016 008 000 *993 2*7 9.679S5 977 970 962 954 947 939 i .",2 924 917 298 909 901 804 886 878 871 863 856 848 840 299 833 825 818 810 803 795 787 780 773 765 300 757 749 742 734 627 719 711 704 696 6S9 301 681 673 666 658 651 643 636 628 621 613 302 606 598 591 583 576 568 561 553 546 538 303 531 523 516 508 501 493 485 47s 470 463 304 455 448 440 433 425 418 410 403 395 388 :}o:> 3SO 373 365 358 850 343 335 328 320 313 306 805 298 290 275 2 US 260 253 238 307 230 223 215 208 200 193 185 17s 170 163 308 1 55 148 140 133 1 2:> 118 110 103 095 088 309 080 073 065 058 050 043 035 028 020 013 310 005 *998 *990 *983 *975 *968 *961 *953 *946 *938 311 9.66931 923 916 908 901 893 886 878 871 863 312 856 848 841 834 826 819 812 804 797 789 313 782 774 767 759 752 744 737 730 722 715 314 708 700 693 685 678 671 663 656 648 641 108 GASES. t Tenths of Degrees. 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 O.G o.r 0.8 0.9 315 9.66634 626 619 612 604 597 589 582 574 567 316 560 552 545 537 530 523 515 508 500 493 317 486 478 471 464 456 449 441 434 427 420 318 413 405 398 391 383 376 369 361 354 347 319 339 332 324 317 310 302 295 288 280 273 320 266 259 251 244 237 229 222 215 207 200 321 193 186 178 171 164 156 149 142 134 127 322 120 113 105 098 091 083 076 069 061 054 323 047 040 032 025 018 010 003 *996 *988 *981 324 9.65974 967 959 952 945 937 930 923 915 908 325 901 894 886 879 872 864 857 850 842 835 326 828 821 814 806 799 792 785 777 770 763 327 756 749 741 734 727 720 713 705 698 691 , 328 684 677 669 602 655 647 640 633 625 618 329 611 604 596 589 582 575 568 560 553 546 330 539 532 524 517 510 503 496 488 481 474 331 467 460 452 445 438 431 424 417 409 402 332 395 388 381 374 367 359 352 345 338 331 333 324 317 309 302 295 288 281 273 266 259 334 252 245 237 230 223 216 209 201 194 187 335 180 173 166 159 152 144 137 130 123 116 33(5 109 102 094 087 080 073 066 058 051 044 337 037 030 023 016 009 001 *994 *987 *980 *973 338 9.64966 959 952 945 938 930 923 916 909 902 339 895 888 881 874 867 859 852 845 838 831 340 824 817 810 803 796 788 781 774 767 760 341 753 746 739 732 725 718 710 703 696 689 342 682 675 668 661 654 647 640 633 626 619 343 612 605 598 591 584 577 570 563 556 549 344 542 535 528 521 514 507 500 493 486 479 345 471 464 457 450 443 436 429 422 415 408 346 401 394 387 380 373 366 359 352 345 338 347 331 324 317 310 303 296 289 282 275 268 348 261 254 247 240 233 225 218 211 204 197 349 190 183 176 169 162 155 148 141 134 127 350 120 113 106 099 092 085 078 071 064 057 GASES. 100 TABLE OF THE ELASTIC FORCE OF THE VAPOR OF WATER FROM 32 TO 4-230. REGNAULT. Mcmoires de I Acadomie de France, Tome XXI. p. 624. Tem pera ture. Elastic force. Difference for l->. Tem pera ture Elastic Force. Difference for lo. Tem pera ture. Elastic Force- Difference for 1^. o 32 mm. 0.320 mm. 0.032 9 mm. 8.574 nim* 0.591 50 mm. 91.982 mm. 4.679 31 0.352 0.034 10 9.165 0.627 51 96.661 4.882 30 0.386 0.038 11 9.792 0.665 52 101.543 5.093 29 0.424 0.040 12 10.457 0.705 53 106.636 5.309 28 0.464 0.044 13 11.162 0.746 54 111.945 5.533 27 0.508 0.047 14 11.908 0.791 55 117.478 5.766 26 0.555 0.050 15 12.699 0.837 56 123.244 6.007 25 0.605 0.055 16 13.536 0.885 57 129.251 6.254 24 0.660 0.059 17 14.421 0.936 58 135.505 6.510 23 0.719 0.064 18 15.357 0.989 59 142.015 6.776 22 0.783 0.070 19 16.346 .045 60 148.791 7.048 21 0.853 0.074 20 17.391 .104 61 155.839 7.331 20 0.927 0.081 21 18.495 .164 62 163.170 7.621 19 .008 0.087 22 19.659 .229 63 170.791 7.923 18 .095 0.094 23 20.888 .296 64 178.714 8.231 17 .189 0.101 24 22.184 .366 65 186.945 8.551 16 .290 0.110 25 23.550 .438 66 195.496 8.880 15 .400 0.118 26 24.988 .517 67 204.376 9.220 14 .518 0.128 27 26.505 .596 68 213.596 9.569 13 1.646 0.137 28 28.101 .681 69 223.165 9.928 12 1.783 0.150 29 29.782 .766 70 233.093 10.300 11 1.933 0.160 30 31.548 .858 71 243.393 10.680 10 2.093 0.174 31 33.406 .953 72 254.073 11.074 9 2.267 0.188 32 35.359 2.052 73 265.147 11.477 8 2.455 0.203 33 37.411 2.154 74 276.624 11.893 7 2.658 . 0.218 34 39.565 2.262 75 288.517 12.321 6 2.876 0.237 35 41.827 2.374 76 300.838 12.7G2 5 3.113 0.245 36 44.201 2.490 77 313.600 13.211 4 3.368 0.276 37 46.691 2.611 78 326.811 13.677 3 3.644 0.297 38 49.302 2.737 79 340.488 14.155 2 3.941 0.322 39 52.039 2.867 80 354.643 i i.<;u 1 4.263 0.337 40 51.906 3.004 81 369.287 15.148 4.600 0.340 41 57.910 3.145 82 384.435 15.666 + 1 4.940 0.362 42 61.055 3.291 ,v: 400.101 16.197 2 5.302 0.385 43 64.346 3.444 84 416.298 16.743 3 5.687 0.410 44 67.790 3.601 85 433.041 4 6.097 0.437 45 71.391 3.767 86 450.844 5 6.534 0.464 46 75.158 3.935 87 468.2_ l 18.466 6 6.998 0.494 47 79.093 4.111 88 486.687 19.072 7 7.492 0.525 48 83.204 4.295 89 505.759 19.691 8 8.017 0.557 49 87.499 4.483 90 525.450 20.328 110 GASES. Tem pera ture. Elastic 1 orce. Difference for 1-J. Tem- jera- ;ure. Elastic force. Difference for 1^. Tem- >era~ ;ure. Elastic Force. Difference for 1 . 91 mill. 545.778 mm. 20.979 o 138 mm. 2567.000 inm. 77.440 185 mm. 8453.23 mm. 191.12 92 5G6.757 21.649 139 2641.440 76.190 186 8644.35 1H4.47 93 588.406 22.334 140 2717.630 77.940 187 8838.82 197.86 94 610.740 23.038 141 2795.570 79.730 188 9036.68 201.27 95 633.778 23.757 142 2875.300 81.560 189 9237.95 204.75 96 657.535 24.494 143 2956.860 83.400 190 9442.70 208.23 97 682.029 25.251 144 3040.260 85.290 191 9650.93 211.78 98 707.280 26.025 145 3125.550 87.190 192 9862.71 215.33 99 733.305 26.695 146 3212.740 89.130 193< 10078.04 218.97 100 760.000 27.590 147 3301.870 91.110 194 1029 7.01 1 222.62 101 787.590 28.420 148 3392.980 93.110 195 10519.63j 226.32 102 816.010 29.270 149 3486.090 95.140 196 10745.95J 230.05 103 845.280 30.130 150 3581.230 97.200 197 10975.00 233.82 104 875.410 31.000 151 3678.430 99.310 198 11209.82 237.64 105 906.410 31.900 152 3777.740 101.440 199 11447.46 241.50 106 938.310 32.830 153 3879.180 103.590 200 11688.96 245.41 107 971.140 33.770 154 3982.770 105.790 201 11934.37 249.32 108 1004.910 34.740 155 4088.560 108.030 202 12183.69 253.31 109 1039.650 35.720 156 4196.590 110.290 20:5 12437.00 257.30 110 1075.370 36.720 157 4306.880 112.570 201 12694.30 261.36 111 1112.090 37.740 158 4419.450 114.910 205 12955.66 265.46 112 1149.830 38.780 159 4534.860 117.260 206 13221.12 269.63 113 1188.610 39.860 160! 4651.620 119660 207 13490.75 273.78 H4 1228.470 40.940 161 4771.280 1 22.080 208 13764.53 277.99 115 1269.410 42.060 162 4893.360 1 24.550 209 14042.52 282.28 116 1311.470 43.190 163 5017.910 127.060 210 14324.80 286.52 117 1354.660 44.340 164 5144.970 129.570 211 14611.32 290.90 118 1399.020 45.530 165 5274.540 132.150 212 14902.22 295.26 119 1444.550 46.730 166 5406.690 134.740 213 15197.48 299.69 120 1491.280 47.970 167J 5541.430 137.390 214 15497.17 304.16 121 15S9.256 49.220 168 5678.820 140.080 215 15801.33 308.61 122 1588.470 50.490 169 5818.900 142.760 216 16109.94 313.21 123 1638.960 51.800 1 7n 5961.660 145.530 217 16423.15 317.75 124 1690-760 53.120 171 6107.190 148.290 218 16740.90 322.39 125 1743.880 54.470 172 6255.480 151.120 219 17063.29 327.07 126 1798.350 55.850 173 6406.600 153.950 220 17390.36 331.77 127 is:, 1.200! 57.270 174 6560.550 156.850 221 17722.13 336.55 128 1911.460 58.680 175 6717.430;159.790 222 18058.64 341.30 129 1970.150 60.130 176 6877.220 162.750 223 18399.94 346.13 130 2030.280 61.660 177 7039.970 165.750 224 18746.07 350.97 131 2091.946 63.090 178 7205.720 168.800 225 19097.04 355.88 138 21.V).0. JO 64.660 179 7374.520 171.870 226 19452.92 360.84 133 2219.690 66.230 180 7546.390 174.980 227 19813.76 365.85 134 2285.920 67.810 181 7721.370 178.150 228 20179.61 370.87 135 2353.730 69.430 182 7899.520 181.320 229 20550.48 375.92 186 2423.160 71.070 183 8080.840184.560 230 20926.40 137 2494.230 72.770 184 8265.400 187.830 GASES. Ill 1 i 5 I ~ ^ H O 13 ~ -* o i^ -r> c ^ ~ i- c OOQOCCOOi i . r: o ^J O o o <>< o w ~ ri xJ t- i^- cc ci o L?s c ^ fS O <N (N C : CO cQOaoc0iOioQ<Daooeor^c4r^ ^ ~ r- 112 GASES. 3 + W 3 3 o O ! g 6 T}< o co o oc I-H o co i ii I a ^. CO t^ CC C5 C7 00 O CO ^ CO CO OC -~ - r-i CO O - O G^l O CO r-> *<# t^ O Tt< CC M - CM r- -M -* x n c: o O CO O i r- o GO Q)COlftrC0*H lOlQ>O6Q>QO* < O< <M c-i ^i ri T-7 cc c^ co -^ -t -^ ^ ^o o co ;o . - ~ C O .Of^OOO ococ ~ 1 + GASES. 113 o 1-4 ^ co CLCO co ^ eo <> c* e ao IQ ^ o ^ OD co e <o oo o ** C* oo 4 od ci cs o i-i I-H oi co TJ o co t^ od ci r ?i co -* to i^- c> r-I co o t- <rj ^-5 Ci CO CO " * O ^H CO O ^ CO N t^ Ol QO -^ i-H QO O <^ --H Ci 00 30 OO CS O <M_ O 00 ^ ^ "M C5 CO rf CO CO Tf CO b* t 00 00 O) C> O v4 O CO 4O ^|i lO CO ^o Ok O vN O< ^* iO b 40 O Oi ^> CD 00 O >lX!*tiOf > -TtiC<IOQOt>.t > -t^ QOO5< iTfil~-i-^O -(t > - ^iT<Ii t r"i-~ OO GO O O O r* C4 CO 6 ^ >O CO t>^ 00 O f-^ e ^ 4 l>^ 46 O M -^ CO 00 O c e* 00 c0 op ao o to ^i o C4 10 O OD oo A A o i-< <>* eo to.co t o 1-4 c eo w c ao A ^ co o i^ at CO !> CO O O 114 GASES. TABLE OF THE TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF MERCURY FOR EACH 10 DEGREES. REGNAULT. Memoires de 1 Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 520. Temperature of the Air Thermome ter. Tension. Temperature of the Air Thermome ter. Tension. Temperature of the Air Thermome ter. Tension. o mm. 0.0200 o 180 mm. 11.00 360 mm. 797.74 10 0.0268 190 14.84 370 954.65 20 0.0372 200 19.90 380 1139.65 30 0.0530 210 26.35 390 1346.71 40 0.0767 220 34.70 400 1587.96 50 0.1120 230 45.35 410 1863.73 60 0.1643 240 58.82 420 2177.53 70 0.2410 250 75.75 430 2533.01 80 0.3528 260 96.73 440 2933.99 90 0.5142 270 123.01 450 3384.35 100 0.7455 280 155.17 460 3888.14 110 1.0734 290 194.46 470 4449.45 120 1.5341 300 242.15 480 5072.43 130 2.1752 310 299.69 490 5761.32 140 3.0592 320 368.73 500 6520.25 150 4.2664 330 450.91 510 7253.44 160 5.9002 340 548.35 520 8264.96 170 8.0912 350 663.18 GASES. 115 TABLE FOR DIRECT NITROGEN DETERMINATIONS GIVING __0.0012562 (1 + 0.00367 760 JAMES T. BROWN. Jour. Chem. Soc. N S. Vol. III. p. 210. t 0.0012662 (1 + 0. 00367" 0760* Diff. t 0.0012562 (T+~0.00367 I) 760 Diff. 0.00000165289 16 0.00000156121 544 1 0.00000164685 604 17 0.00000155582 539 2 0.00000164085 600 18 0.00000155047 535 3 0.00000163489 596 19 0.00000154515 532 4 0.00000162898 591 20 0.00000153986 529 5 0.00000162311 587 21 0.00000153462 524 6 0.00000161728 583 22 0.000001 52941 521 7 0.00000161149 579 23 0.0000015-2423 518 8 0.00000160574 575 24 0.00000151909 514 9 0.00000160004 570 25 0.00000151398 511 10 0.00000159438 566 26 0.00000150891 507 11 0.00000158875 563 27 0.00000150387 504 12 0.00000158317 558 28 0.00000149887 500 13 0.00000157762 555 29 0.00000149389 498 14 0.00000157211 551 30 0.00000148896 493 15 0.00000156665 546 Formula for the use of the above table. W = 0.0012562 (1 + 0.00367 760 > W = weight of gas in grammes. t = temperature of gas. V = volume in cc, P = pressure in mm. 116 GASES. OF TABLE 0.0012932 760 (1 + 0.00367 * JAMES T. BROWN. Jour. Chem. Soc. N. 8. IV. p. 74. t A Diff. t A Diff. 20.0 0.00000183636 363 o 2.5 0.00000171733 317 19.5 0.00000183273 361 2.0 0.00000171416 317 19.0 0.00000182912 360 1.5 0.00000171099 815 18.5 0.00000182552 359 1.0 0.00000170784 314 18.0 0.00000182193 357 0.5 0.00000170470 313 17.5 0.00000181836 356 0.0 0.00000170157 311 17.0 0.00000181480 355 -f- 0.5 0.00000169846 311 16.5 0.00000181125 353 1.0 0.00000169535 309 16.0 0.00000180772 351 1.5 0.00000169226 308 15.5 0.00000180421 351 2.0 0.00000168918 308 15.0 0.00000180070 349 25 0.00000168610 306 14.5 0.00000179721 347 3.0 0.00000168304 305 14.0 0.00000179374 347 3.5 0.00000167999 303 13.5 0.00000179027 345 4.0 0.00000167696 303 13.0 0.00000178682 343 4.5 0.00000167393 302 12.5 0.00000178339 343 5.0 0.00000167091 806 12.0 0.00000177996 341 5.5 0.00000166791 300 11.5 0.000001 7 7;.V) 339 6.0 0.00000166491 298 11.0 0.00000177316 339 6.5 0.00000166193 297 10.5 0.00000176977 337 7.0 0.00000165896 297 10.0 0.00000176640 336 7.5 0.00000165599 295 9.5 0.00000176304 334 8.0 0.00000165304 294 9.0 0.00000175970 334 8.5 0.00000165010 293 8.5 OJ)00001 75636 332 9.0 0.00000164717 292 8.0 0.00000175304 330 9.5 0.00000164425 891 7.5 0.00000174974 330 10.0 0.00000164134 290 7.0 0.00000174644 328 10.5 0.00000163844 289 6.5 0.00000174316 327 11.0 0.00000163555 288 6.0 0.00000173989 326 11.5 0.00000163267 287 5.5 0.00000173603 325 12.0 0.00000162980 286 5.0 0.000001 7;::;:;s 323 12.5 0.00000162694 285 4.5 0.00000173015 322 13.0 0.00000162409 284 4.0 0.00000172693 321 13.5 0.00000162125 283 3.5 0.00000172372 320 14.0 0.00000161842 282 3.0 0.00000172052 319 14.5 0.00000161560 281 GASES. 117 t A DIET. t A Diff. +15.0 0.00000161279 280 +39.0 0.00000148852 238 15.5 0.00000160999 279 89.5 0.00000148614 238 16.0 0.000001 GO 7 20 278 40.0 0.000001 IN;; 7(1 237 16.5 0.000001 G(>! 12 277 40.5 0.00000148139 237 17.0 0.0o0oon;oii;:> 276 41.0 0147902 235 17.5 O.onoooi:>9889 276 41.5 0.00000147667 235 18.0 0. ooooo 159G 13 274 42.0 O.oooooi47i:!2 234 18.5 0.00000159339 273 42.5 0.00000147198 233 19.0 0.00000159066 273 43.0 0.000001 4<;<>G5 233 19.5 0.00000158793 271 43.5 0.00000146732 232 20.0 0.00000158522 271 44.0 0.00000146500 231 20.5 0.00000158251 269 44.5 0.00000146269 230 21.0 0.00000157982 269 45.0 0.0000014G039 230 21.5 0.00000157713 268 45.5 O.OOOOoi 4 :^o<> 22 . 22.0 0.00000157445 267 46.0 0.000001 i 228 22.5 0.00000157178 266 46.5 O.OODOO 14 :>:;. -2 227 B&O 0.00000156912 265 47.0 0.0000014512:) 227 23.5 0.00000156647 264 47.5 O.OOOooi 44 sus 226 24.0 0.00000156383 263 48.0 0.000001 44 15 72 225 24.5 0.00000156120 263 48.5 0.00000144447 225 25.0 0.00000155857 261 49.0 0.00000144222 224 25.5 0.00000155596 261 49.5 0.00000143998 223 2G.O 0.00000155335 260 50.0 0.00000143775 445 26.5 0.00000155075 258 51.0 0.00000143330 442 27.0 0.00000154817 258 52.0 O.OOOoo! 42*SS 439 27.5 0.00000154559 258 53.0 0.00000142449 436 28.0 0.00000154301 256 54.0 0.00000142013 434 28.5 0.00000154045 255 55.0 0.00000141579 431 29.0 0.00000153790 255 56.0 0.00000141148 428 29.5 0.00000153535 254 57.0 o.<HiooOl40720 426 30.0 0.00000153281 253 58.0 0.000001 4 02! >4 423 30.5 0.00000153028 252 59.0 0.000001 :?!)871 421 31.0 0.00000 15 2 7 7 5 251 60.0 0.000001 3!ii:o 418 81.5 O.oo< MM 11 ,v_>,v_>:> 251 61 0.00000189062 416 32.0 0.0000015*274 249 62.0 0.00000 I3si;i(> 413 32.5 0.00000152025 249 63.0 0.00000138203 410 33.0 0.00000151776 248 64.0 000000137793 409 33.5 0.00000151528 247 65.0 0.00000187884 406 M.O O.OOoool ,-,12*1 247 66.0 o.oooooi;]t;978 403 34.5 0.00000151034 245 67.0 0.00000186675 401 86.0 0.00000150789 245 68.0 o.oooo013G174 399 35.5 0.00000150544 244 69.0 o.oo 185775 396 36.0 0.00000150300 243 7().o o.oii i] ;;:>:; 7.0 395 36.5 0.00000150057 243 71.0 O.oooooi ;u:s4 391 37.0 0.00000149814 242 72.0 O.OOOoo i:{i:,!i:j 390 37.5 o.oooooi 4:>:>72 240 73.0 O.OOOoo i;? i 2<>:5 387 38.0 0.00000149332 241 74.0 0.00000133816 385 38.5 0.00000149091 239 75.0 0.000001 334 ;U 383 118 GASES. t A Diff. t A Diff. + 70 0.00000133048 381 +124 0.00000116940 294 77 0.00000132G67 379 125 0.00000 116646 293 78 0.00000132288 376 126 0.0000011 U353 291 79 0.00000131912 374 127 0.000001 HJO 12 290 80 0.00000131538 372 128 0.00000115772 288 81 0.00000131166 370 129 0.00000115484 287 82 0.00000130796 368 130 0.00000115197 286 83 000000130428 366 131 0.00000114911 284 84 0.00000130062 364 132 0.00000 1 14 ti 2 7 283 85 0.00000129698 362 133 0.00000114344 281 86 0.00000129336 360 134 0.00000114063 280 87 0.00000128976 357 135 0.00000113783 278 88 0.00000128619 356 136 0.00000113505 278 89 0.00000128263 354 137 0.00000113227 275 90 0.00000127909 352 138 0.00000112952 275 91 0.00000127557 350 139 0.00000112677 273 92 0.00000127207 348 140 0.00000112404 272 93 0.00000126859 346 141 0.00000112132 270 94 0.00000126513 344 142 0.00000111802 270 95 0.00000126169 343 143 0.00000111592 268 96 0.00000125826 340 144 0.00000111324 266 97 0.00000125486 339 145 0.00000111058 266 98 0.00000125147 337 146 0.00000110792 264 99 0.00000124810 335 147 0.00000110528 263 100 0.00000124475 333 148 0.00000110265 261 101 0.00000124142 332 149 0.00000110004 261 102 0.00000123810 330 150 0.00000109743 259 103 0.00000123480 328 151 0.00000109484 258 104 0.00000123152 326 152 0.00000109226 256 105 0.000001 22S2I! 324 153 0.00000108970 256 106 0.00000122502 323 154 0.00000108714 254 107 0.00000122179 321 155 0.00000108460 253 108 0.00000121858 320 156 0.00000108207 252 109 0.00000121538 318 157 0.00000107955 251 110 0.00000121220 316 158 0.00000107704 250 111 0.00000120904 314 159 0.00000107454 248 112 0.000001 2o;,!H) 313 160 000000107206 247 113 0.00000120277 311 161 O.ooo00l06959 247 114 0.00000119966 310 162 0.00000106712 245 115 0.0000011 HI;. 308 163 0.0000t3l06467 244 116 0.00000119348 306 164 0.000001 0(i 223 242 117 0.000001 1!M) J2 305 165 O.Oooooi 05981 2 I 2 118 O.oooooi 18737 303 166 0.000ooio;,-;i!i 210 119 ooooodi ISI.-H 302 167 0.000001054 !Mi 240 120 O.OOOOOH8132 300 168 0.00000 105 2. ) !l 239 121 0.000001 17S.-J2 299 169 0.00000 105 020 237 122 O.ooooo ii7;>;;;{ 297 170 0.000001017*3 236 123 0.00000117236 296 171 0.00000104547 236 GASES. 110 t A Diff. t A Diff. -f-l72 0.00000104311 234 o 0.00000094145 191 173 0.00000104077 233 221 O.OOOoMuiisio I IPO 174 0.00000103844 232 2-22 0.00000093764 190 175 0.00000103612 231 223 O.OOoooo :;;,: j 188 176 O.OU000103381 230 224 0.00000093386 188 177 0.00000103151 229 225 0.00000093198 187 178 0.00000102922 228 226 0.00000093011 186 179 0.00000102694 227 227 0.00000092825 185 180 0.00000102467 226 228 0.00000092640 185 181 0.00000102241 225 229 0.00000092455 184 182 0.00000102016 224 230 0.00000092271 183 183 0.00000101792 223 231 0.00000092088 183 184 0.00000101569 222 232 0.00000091905 182 185 0.00000101347 221 233 0.00000091723 181 186 0.00000101126 220 234 0.00000091542 180 187 0.00000100906 219 235 0.00000091362 180 188 0.00000100687 218 236 0.00000091182 179 189 0.00000100469 217 237 0.00000091003 178 190 0.000001 0<>-2.V2 217 238 000000090825 178 191 0.00000100035 215 239 0.00000090647 177 192 0.00000099820 215 240 0.00000090470 176 193 0.00000099605 213 241 0.00000090294 175 194 0.00000099392 213 242 0.00000090119 175 195 0.00000099179 211 243 0.00000089944 174 196 0.00000098968 211 244 0.00000089770 174 197 0.000000:^ 210 245 0.00000089596 173 198 0.00000098547 209 246 0.00000089423 172 199 0.00000098338 208 247 0.0000008f2:.l 171 200 0.00000098130 207 248 0.00000089080 171 201 0.00000097923 207 249 0.00000088909 170 202 0.00000097716 205 250 0.00000088739 170 203 0.00000097511 205 251 0.0000008V":M 169 204 0.00000097306 204 252 0.00000088400 168 205 0.00000097102 203 253 0.00000088232 167 206 0.00000096899 202 254 0.00000088065 167 207 0.00000096697 201 255 0.00000087898 167 208 0.00000096496 201 256 0.000000877;]! 165 209 0.00000096295 199 257 0.00000087566 165 210 0.00000096096 199 258 0.00000087401 165 211 0.00000095897 198 259 0.00000087236 164 212 0.00000095699 197 260 0.00000087072 163 213 0.00000095502 196 261 0.on<HnoStl909 163 214 0.00000095306 196 2fi2 O.n0o0nox6747 215 0.00000095110 194 263 0.00000086585 162 216 0.00000094916 194 264 0.00000086423 161 217 0.000000947-2-2 193 265 O.OOOooo.s, ;_>,;_> 160 218 0.00000094529 193 266 0.00000086102 159 219 0.00000094336 191 267 0.00000085943 159 120 GASES. t A Diff. t A Diff. -J-2G8 0.00000085784 159 o -j-310 0.00000079598 136 2G9 0.00000085G25 158 311 0.00000079-1U2 136 270 0.00000085467 157 312 0.00000079326 186 271 0.00000085310 157 313 0.00000079190 135 272 0.00000085153 156 314 0.00000079055 134 273 0.00000084997 155 315 0.0000007K921 134 274 0.00000084842 155 316 0.00000078787 134 275 0.00000084687 155 317 0.00000078653 133 276 0,00000084532 153 318 0.00000078520 133 277 0.00000084379 154 319 0.00000078387 132 278 0.00000084225 152 320 0.00000078255 132 279 0.00000084073 153 321 0.00000078123 132 280 0.00000083920 151 322 0.00000077991 131 281 0.00000083769 151 323 0.00000077860 130 282 0.00000083618 151 324 0.00000077730 130 283 0.00000083467 150 325 0.00000077600 130 284 0.00000083317 149 326 0.00000077470 129 285 0.00000083168 149 327 0.00000077341 129 286 0.00000083019 149 328 0.00000077212 128 287 0.00000082870 148 329 0.00000077084 128 288 0.00000082722 147 330 0.00000076956 128 289 0.00000082575 147 331 0.00000076828 127 290 0.00000082428 146 332 0.00000076701 127 291 0.00000082282 146 333 0.00000076574 126 292 0.00000082136 145 334 0.00000076448 126 293 0.00000081991 145 335 0.00000076322 125 294 0.00000081846 144 336 0.00000076197 125 295 0.00000081702 144 337 0.00000076072 125 296 0.00000081558 143 338 0.00000075947 1 24 297 0.00000081415 143 339 0.00000075823 124 298 0.00000081272 142 340 0.00000075699 123 299 0.00000081130 141 341 0.00000075576 123 300 0.00000080989 142 342 0.00000075453 123 301 0.00000080847 140 343 0.00000075330 122 302 0.00000080707 141 344 0.00000075208 122 303 0.00000080566 139 345 0.00000075086 121 304 0.00000080427 140 346 0.00000074965 121 305 0.00000080287 138 347 0.00000074844 121 306 0.00000080149 139 348 0.00000074723 120 307 0.00000080010 138 349 0.00000074603 120 308 0.00000079872 137 350 0.00000074483 309 0.00000079735 137 GASES. 121 TABLE OF 0.00887 1 + 0.00367 t JAMES T. BROWN. Jour. Them. Soc. N. S. IV p. 74. t 0.00367 1 + 0.00367 1 Diff. t 0.00867 1 + 000367* Diff. 20.0 0.00396071 783 2.5 0.00370398 685 19.5 0.00395288 779 2.0 0.00369713 682 19.0 0.00394509 777 1.5 0.00369031 680 18.5 0.00393732 774 1.0 0.00868351 677 18.0 0.00392958 770 0.5 O.OU367674 674 17.5 0.00392188 768 0.0 0.00367000 673 17.0 0.00391420 764 -|- 0.5 0.00366327 669 16.5 ( . 0390656 762 1.0 0.00365658 668 16.0 0.00389894 758 1.5 0.00364990 665 I6.fi 0.00389136 756 2.0 0.00364325 662 15.0 0.00388380 753 2.5 0.00363663 660 14.5 0.00387627 750 3.0 0.00363003 658 14.0 0.00386877 747 3.5 00036 23-1 r, 655 13.5 0.00386130 744 4.0 0.00861690 653 13.0 0.003859 741 4.5 0.00861037 651 12.5 0.003S4645, 738 5.0 0.00360386 648 12.0 0.00383907 736 0.00359738 646 11.5 0.00383171 732 6.0 0.00359092 643 11.0 0.00382439 730 6.5 0.00358449 642 10.5 000381709 727 7.0 0.00357807 639 10.0 0.00380982 725 7.5 0.00357168 636 9.5 0.00380257 721 8.0 00356532 635 9.0 0.00379536 719 8.5 0.00355S97 632 8.5 0.00378817 716 9.0 0.00355265 630 8.0 0.00378101 714 ! .:. 0.00354635 628 7.:> 0.00377387 711 10.0 0.00354007 625 7.0 0.00376676 708 10.5 0.00353! 623 6..1 0.00375968 705 11.0 0.00352759 621 6.0 0.00375263 703 11.5 (i ((:::,-_> 138 619 5.5 0.00374560 700 12.0 0.00351519 617 5.0 0.00373860 698 l _>.:> 0.00350 615 4.5 0.00373162 695 13.0 0.003502 612 4.0 0.00372467 692 13.5 0.00349675 610 3.5 0.00871775 690 14.0 0.00849065 3.0 0.00371085 687 14.5 0.00348456 606 122 GASES. t 0.00367 1 + 0.003G7 * * Diff. t o.oa r+~OT00367l* Diff. +15.0 0.00347850 604 +33.0 0.00327354 535 15.5 0.00347246 601 33.5 0.00326819 533 16.0 0.00346645 600 34.0 0.00326286 532 16.5 0.0034G045 598 34.5 0.00325754 530 17.0 0.00345447 596 35.0 0.00325224 528 17.5 0.00344851 593 35.5 0.00324696 526 18.0 0.00344258 592 36.0 0.00324170 524 18.5 0.00343666 589 36.5 0.00323646 523 19.0 0.00343077 588 37.0 0.00323123 522 19.5 0.00342489 585 37.5 0.00322601 519 20.0 0.00341904 584 38.0 0.00322082 518 20.5 0.00341320 581 38.5 0.00321564 516 21.0 0.00340739 580 39.0 0.00321048 515 21.5 0.00340159 577 39.5 0.00320533 513 22.0 0.00339582 577 40.0 0.00320020 511 22.5 0.00339005 573 40.5 0.00319509 509 23.0 0.00338432 571 41.0 0.00319000 508 23.5 0.00337861 570 41.5 0.00318492 507 24.0 0.00337291 568 42.0 0.00317985 505 24.5 0.00336723 566 42.5 0.00317480 503 25.0 0.00336157 564 43.0 0.00316977 501 25.5 0.00335593 562 43.5 0.00316476 500 26.0 0.00335031 560 44.0 0.00315976 499 26.5 0.00334471 559 44.5 0.00315477 497 27.0 0.00333912 556 45.0 0.00314980 495 27.5 0.00333356 555 45.5 0.00314485 494 28.0 0.00332801 553 46.0 0.00313991 492 28.5 0.00332248 551 46.5 0.00313499 490 29.0 0.00331(597 549 47.0 0.00313009 490 29.5 0.00331148 548 47.5 0.00312519 487 30.0 0.00330600 545 48.0 0.00312032 486 30.5 0.003300:.,-) 544 48.5 0.00311546 485 31.0 0.0032D511 542 49.0 0.00311061 483 31.5 0.00328969 540 49.5 0.00310578 481 32.0 0.00328429 539 50.0 0.00310097 32.5 0.00327890 536 GASES. 123 EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF THE TABLES FOR REDUCTION OF A BAROMETER TO 0. Observed height Barometer with glass scale 740.0 Attached Thermometer 14.5 o mm. Correction for 10 1.266140 " " 4 0.506460 " " 0.5 0.063307 Total, 1.835907 .. rue height of Barometer 740 1.84 = 738.16. If the temperature is below C. the correction becomes Additive. The table for a brass scale is used in the same manner. 124 CASKS. 5 I " o fi So rH CO rH CO ~H 04 O Ol t>- Ol t^ ^ 01 3 CO X <* C5 iO co x ^ 05 >o rH O5 X CO IO iO O CO l- X 00000 G 03 CO -- 01 c: 711- rH 05 ct x X CO O5 -rj< x -* 05 m CO >O CO <M CO f CO r-l rH 00000 c o O O O O r. 05 e^ eS iO CO r-l 04 o o X iO O X CO CO O oi ot to co O CO CO r-l . ! - *t iO CO CO ^- o o o o o c K a ~ ~. - O rH X c l~ >c .- O Ol 05 CO CO CO O X CO Ol CO CO -f r, ^ co ~. o o 00000 d d c- d d d d i 00 -f .x |3 So O5 CO CO >O CO O o d X Ol CO O4 1- -t Ol CO o o t^ r-l CO O "* O O5 r- co ^ -r -r o co o o o o o o 00 01 BQ 05 X X iO ce C0 71 rH 10 O -f 10 co 01 o 05 CO CO O O 1-1 O4 CO X X X OQ o O c s O c o o o o O 05 . 05 X r- 05 O5 co >o 05 05 CO Ol O O5 O5 05 05 05 X Bt X ~ >-: -f. -s. ~t V 01 r-l X XXXI |7 h e 1 1 1 1 O> (M co -t -r "~ -0 O u r oi x c 2 S S o o o o o c O O O O = . o co II d 0.01027 0.01540 0.02051 0.02567 -f f- O CO X 03 O Ol CO O O r-l CO rH CO CO ~t -r O 00000 d d d d d 0.05646 0.06160 co r^ i^ X CO r-l o"~ d d c r 1 - q d CfJ t>- O CO 01 -r <o 01 1- 01 1- X x C5 o: o o o o d d d d r EC 71 C- ^ I * x 01 6 - CO -f >O X /: 71 5 r Ol O5 r- CO t- CO X CO O5 Ol iO 1- >O C5 -r f- 01 04 01 CO CO -f ^ 000 CO e 1 - -f o s .- c 01 CO 05 O O5 5 CO rH Oi Tf< I- 01 CO Ol 1- r-l co i - i - -r O | X c^ o o o o o o o o o O O O O o * Ol if -f co X 71 co O X co r- (M "J CO X OJ .0 05 CO 1- Ol 70 1- t Ol 71 Ol CO CO 00000 ee r n o 05 rH -t Oi -" 1- 3d - uQ f CO CO 01 t- r-i CO O -P X r- O iO >O co co 0000 -* y. f O d d O O r O r N CO CO O5 r~- CO 01 X O Ol O f^- CO O ^ T? O5 IO rH CO -* 01 X r X CO 05 CO kQ CO CO O CO r^- co -jr /: eo h6 o o o o 00000 r r r 0000 r o o o o o O o o O O O O r ~ ^ 01 CO Ct CO t^ QO C5 rH 01 O5 CO CO rH O r-l CO O t^ 01 -r CO w 71 -1 1- ee X C5 O rH CO C X i . r. ~ T i -: Hq 00 o o o o o r r c c r r r r o O O O - O O r H B| 1 - l~ CO ""F co x -t< n 10 ~ ~ -r -- ,~ -r - *"l r r-l C5 x 71 X CO 05 O CO "C CO 01 -~ 7 --0 a bo d o d d o 0000 d o d d d r d d o o d d r d o q o q d d o d r r Millime- I o 3 >0 iO l~. o EC .0 CO l~ 12 - .- r - X X O5 O5 z GASES. 125 O 74 f CO GO Tf O O O CO CM t> CO X *~H C^ O O CD CM t> CO OO ~T C"* iO C ~ -H l~ J5 X CO "O CO (M O O X CO O CO 74 O C5 t^. CD O CO 74 OO5l > -CD ^ CO CM O Ci t^- ^ X o O i <M co co <* o CD i^ x o~. rs o 71 TO i-o o - - x ci o i t-i CM -i i-i -i CM CM (7171740174 CM CM CM CM CM CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd C50C1000 OOOOOOOOX) X- X 00 X 00 00X000000 OOOOOOGOt^ t^l^l^t-t^ CD CO O t^ -rf r-i X u-7 74 C5 CO TO ~ t 1-1 X O 71 Ci CC CO C r X O 71 Ci ^- r: t- -74 o i- i~ co c x co -r ~ i- 71 o t- uo. TO x: co r. <~ ^I-XC* OO^-i71TO TO L-7 CO CO f^X-ClOO r-.71COCOT t-OCOCOt^X oo odd ddddd ddddd ddddd do odd o dddd CiCOOO MCO t i o cc t^- o eo. MOCit^- co-^GMi 10 r: c --r rs o co o t -^ ^H i^ rt i-, x >--: (M o o *M rs cr r: c --r rs o ^ * -i t^ -^ x .- -M V5^C>t^ t>.CCClC^O .-I <M 07 CO TfOO-Ot^ OOXC5OO ^- fM 71 77 I i I i < r-i rHr I-^^^SM CM(M?>1<M(M CM!MCMiG < l C^C^lfMCOCO O7D777r77^ ooooo o"o odd o dddd ddddd do odd doddd - ^CDO^ CC(M-HCiQO -t O ul iS -t r- CD CD CO CO CD CO CD CO O C O O i.O uO >S -"7 i-"7 Tf ** Tf -t O CD CO t^- t>* X O^ C5 O d i^ 74 <74 CO CO "^ *O *O CO CO t>- X X C^ CS _ _ _ _ _ ^^^^^jviiy^ CMCMCM74CM CMCMCMCMCM CMCMCMCMT4 ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo o o O CO CO O CO CO O ** f- C5 CM CC n C7 -> Ci C7 --O . -M i~ C". 71 CO C5 <N CD CT. 71 ^ oooi tc^icooco t^cso co -?o -x~ T-I :: ~ -r t^ <>) OO CO OC CC CO CO OC CO C5 ^ OS -<t C5 -^ Ci O O <-> O O O i-1 O CC ^- CO t-H CO ^iO OCOCDt^t^ GC X ~ O O r- 71 "M TO 77 -TtOC ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo -*C5CO-* (MCS^ut71 OXOCO-H Cir^-*^MO OC tt -* < C5 1^ U7 5^ O t- *"* CO CO CS C-l ""t* E^- O CO CO S, *-* *?* ^ C^ 71 -"7 ~fi r * T^t CC C^ 7) T ^* O CO CO X CS -^ X (M O r- O rt X 71 CO r- O ^> CO X 71 --T . >O A CO OO <N CO 1-1 O C5 CO x cs c; o o i i i i i CM 01 co co ** ^r -^f -T ": t i~ i^ x x ~ cr. o o o * O O O r-l l-< T-l T-( T-( i ( T r- 1 II > (i I ^Hii 1^-1 i , I , I ^H , l t I r-< Ol 71 71 71 ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo occoc: ccooo COOO^iCOiO OOO<M-fCO XOCOi-^t^ O W -t CD 00 O(MCt^C5 71-^ ^XC X CM 1^ ^- i ."7 C: X 7) -^ C i- 77 1^ <M CO O rt OO CO t^ 1C O -r X 71 CO -i r-^iOX<MU7! 00(71u-7ri<7) COCi(71COCS CO CO ~ CO CT ^77t^OCO I^O*t>^ -H t^ i^ t^- x X X c^ c^ Ci o o O * * -^ CM 71 co cc TO ^t* ^?j* ^* o o o tjr vc ^r i - OOOOO OOOOr-l ^^^^-^H r-,^-,-,^ _^, ^^^^_^_ ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo OCOCOOCO COClCOC^Oi CD<73C5CC!?3 O5 O 71 X CO CO n CO CO C5 tT75^XiO(N CS tOCO^H l^ 7>X~tC5 i.t i CO <N X CO Ci O O CO tN t CO r: ^- C CO i t--. CO iO iO CO CO CO co r t^. r- t^ oc X X 00 O C: r-. C C O O -i .-i r 7 1 7i 7) 7"i OOOO OOOOO OOO_OO dddd doo o d do" odd ddddd do odd odd do CO X OO-^T ICO ^ .OCOt^Ci O-<<MCO"* OCOt>-XO -i <M CO -^ >f5 Of- TT-tCSCOCO O l^- -f I 00 COCOOt^--f i iXOSMO t^- X O co co co ~ o i~ o o o o co co cf vr vr i~ i- ^ t- t- t- x r. x x" ooooo ooooo rrrrr ooooo oooco c~ooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo 74 f^* CO X *3* Ci i^ O CO * ^^- 74 X ^ C^ i^ O CO 71 I V *-TOX - J ^ OC CC^-t^- c; x co o TO 74 o r: x -^ O OO C* O CB t- co i.o TO 7i o r-. i- co -r TO 01 r r. i- t^ X o O i CM co TO .o co i- x c; n o 7i TO O O CO * OC c. c CM I -^ ^. 7^1 74 74 7J 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 CO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO CO TT rrrrc o c o o o or coo cc-occ recce rccrc doodo" ddddd ddddd doddo" ddddd do" odd o 10 o o o o o >o c- 10 o o o o o -o o o o I.O c- - r >o r <- r .~ r rHr-i(M<N COCO-t-fiO iOCOCOt>-t^ X^XCJOO O 71 71 rt ro .- 126 GASES. r* OCOr-il^Ol CO CO 0: ~f O O .-I CD 01 t CO GO "F OS O OCOi-tt^O CC GO * OS O O CO i t I - CO CC -f OS O O CC i t>- Ol 3D "f OS O O CD q CD -^ CO r- ( O OS t^- CC ** CO T i O CC t-- CC -f CO i 1 O GO 1 - O i- TO i - Ct -f irt CC I - 1 - -X 1 ~ C ~ 01 C~ CO -t O CD 1^ CC OS 05 O Ol TO -f OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 9 CD CO O 1"~ ^t< . 1 CC O Ol OS CD CO O 1^- -t 1 t I GO O Ol OS CO CO O 1^- -} g 0) O CO O CO I-H CO CD -*t< 1 Oil-iOOlO COOCO^-CO CD^fOlOsl^ 2 OS O O i I Ol COCOT^iOCD CDt>.COO5O Or- 1 Ol CC CO -fOCCCCl^- ddddd ddddd o ddoo ddddd ddddd OD g o: i.i 01 05 o cc o cc cc O t~ f i GO -f -- x o 01 os >-C 01 cr. CD cc OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO r-lOOSCOCD lO^COOli-- O OS CO CO >O -r^Ol-HOOS CO I"- CO >O CO N gOi (i IOIO1 COTf-f>OO CCf-^-GOCO O5 O O T I r-< OlCOCO-^f ^ OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO . 1^- O5 O i-H CO ^ O *> GC OS i i O*l CC O CO t^- O5 O i 1 CO f O t^- CC OS g-HCDOll^-Ol t-^Oll>-Oll^- CCOOCOGCCO GCCOCJ tlOS TtiOS-fOS-^ "O1O1OIO1O1 O1O1O1COCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCC 1 OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO I . ^H ^ >^ OS Ol 1O CO O CO CD OS 01 -t l^ O CO O OO i-H ^ 1^ 0: 01 >O CO gGOOlCOOO OSCOCOOICD OOOSCOCO OICOO>OO5 COI^-OICDO Soioioioioi oioioioioi 0101010101 0101010101 cococccoco ddddd ddddd odd do do o o d o ddo o 4 CM -f t-- OS i 1 -fCOOOOOl ^CDOSi ICO COGCOOI 1 ^! COCO-HCO>O O OS CO t Ol CO O ** OS CO t"- T I O O -f CO Ol t- i 1 i~i OS CO CT Ol CD g -f i, ,-H -JH CO -> O CC t-i O CC Ol O OS Ol O C5 01 CO 05 01 CO 05 CO CO do odd do odd do odd ddddo dddo d n C5 "O i 1 CO >O II GO f i (OS COO1O5CDO1 O5OO1COIO OIO^OOICO . GO "* O ifi r-i l^ Ol CO ^ OS O I CD Ol CO CO 05 >O O CO Ol I- CO OS -J< e O CO CD CC i 1 COCDCCi-HCO COOSi-H-^fCD OSi i-^I^-OS Ol-^fl^-OSOl |cOCOCOCC-!< -frf^lOO lOiOCDCDCD CDI^t^l^t^ CCGCCC COOS dddo d ddddd do odd ddddd ddddo" .OlOSCOCOr-H COOO1OSCD COOl-iOOl OSCDCOO ^- -rJ<r-IC5CDCO dddo d ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd H iiHsi ssiss slli;! sssli Ssals Sooooo doood d d o o o ododo ooooo ododd ddddd ddddd ddddd o dddd Millime- I iO O O O >O O if5 O O O OOOOO O O O O O OOOOO OCOCOI-l- CO CC OS OS O Or-i.-l0101 COCOTf-fO OCOCOl-*^ OJO1O1O1OI O1O1O1O1CO COCOCO03CO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO GASES. 127 OC CO Ci ^ O OO r- O ^ it <~. CO t^ 00 CO CO CO CO CO O -i CO CM t>. it O CO i 1 -i O OC t>. 3! - 1 1-H CM CO 00 -f Ci t- CM X 77 - t CO CO t~ !>. l>- t^ !>. O CO i-< t^ (M O O CO rH r^ X "~ it 71 r. o 1-1 t^ i^ t^ oo oo 00 CO Ci - - .t r. x -.0 .t 71 71 77 it 00 QC OO 00 GO - co w r>. C - 1-71 71 - CO (^ OO OO Ci / / X 00 00 ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo CO CO CO CO CO X t -M CI i 7 M O OC O /. .- - o ~ CO CO CD CO O CO 77 C 1 - t it O O O "- "^ CO - ~- 5 x co oo *H O O it .t .t i-( 00 o 71 r. r. -_ 71 O O it -. co 77 r i.- 1- .-. -.-. - f i- x r. ~ ~ ooooo ooooo o-ooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ~ . X CO O CO i rf CO GM O Ci I Ci CO OO (M CO Ci ^ 00 X -0 77 CO b- CM CO O r x i^ .t - s; H s ss 2 71 -M CO Tf ** O O O O O O CO CO t>- 00 it * 1 1 O O oo ci o o -H O O CO CO CO co -o- _ co -o o -oi-i- x CO CO CO CO CO -. r. r 1-1 i CO CO 1^ t^ t>- ooooo ooooo ooooo c c c; o o ooooo ooooo _ ^ _ o o ooooo oc ci Ci o o O Ci c; ~. r: O O CO C^J 00 it it O O O ** o co oi v: Tj< O O CO CO Ci QC t^ CO X X X X f> *? O CO CM 00 t- X X ~ ~ CO CO CO CO CO ooooo ooooo ooooo o o c r c ooooo ooooo - T. EQ ,.t CO ^ t- CO Ci 2 ?1 C7 ,t t- Ci C - 77 5 o S or oi ci ci o o i 71 7^ CO CO o o co CO t- t^ X X ci ci o r ~ <?5 CM ^ ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo Ct- i 1* C^ O OC CO "f 1-1 Ci ^0<NO- O TO 1-1 CO CO ^ - Ci - CO C5 CO Tf 7 t^ CM 71 71 TO CO "^ ^ o o oS I"- CM CO O -* CO t^ t^ 00 00 cc ~. c- 5 C ~ 77 I- 71 CO C C-. OOOOO ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo cooc^co ooocoor^ O^CO* rf OO CM CO O O Ci CO t ~ 71 - ~ ~( -~ r -.- co o co 71 71 <M CM CM t- - - t- oo oc <x <ri CM CM CM (M (M Ci Ci (N M CO " ~~ rt 7" 7t TO co x ^^ t /. ? i 71 77 C7 CO -*i CO 77 CO 77 77- -. r. 7 1 i ~ ~ -- >-. t It 77 77 77 77 77 OOOOO ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo - 00 -f 0, Ci O CM C5 O (N 00 .0 ^ 00 O CM 00 O CM X ~ 00 CM 00 CM X t i- r -i .t Ci Ci O O O t- CO X D eo o CM (M <>l 71 77 71 71 71 71 7^1 r rt CO CO GO ^ to 1 1 it t c-. . -o r-. o -o co co co ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo -t 10 CO t- 00 O t^- i X O i-l CO O CO ESSES GO O CM CO O -" X ~ 71 r: t~ 00 O 71 CO t^ ^ "- CC O O O O CO CO CO t^ OO Ci O - 77 CO CD CO <O (* ~r - Vi r\ co i~ i ~ i~ t - r~ ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo - - o o o O X t~~ O ~cH t O CO t- 00 Ci O O CO i-H CM -H O OO t"*- c: . 1-1 01 f^ CM OC CO Ci 77 CO CO O O co F^ f* t^ oc c: r CM OC Ct ~ it Ci X CO O (M CM C7 >t O CO i 1 t*^ CM co - x X r; ooooo c ^ ~> o o ooooo o o o - - o o r c c r c r ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo O it O O O 2 12 S o o c .t r CO CO T -t O >t _r .- - -t ooooo x x r; cs c t r - r 71 71 128 GASES. O H COCO-fCliO O CO rH f^ <M CO CO Ol ~f O iO rH CD Ol r- CO CO "* Cl iO X CO Ci -f O CD i i 1-- Ol X CO Cl -t4 C 1 CD r- 4 l^- fM CO CO Cl t 1 O iO > 4 a co o co <M r-i ci co co o co <M o ci co co 10 co 01 o ci t-^ CD o co 01 2 o -H 01 Co -t -t 10 co t>- oo ci O O i 01 co -* 10 co co r co ci o f i a c; ci ci ci cs ei ci c: ci ci ci o o o o o O o O O ooot-n-^ rH CO iO Ol Ol CO CO O t~ -i 1 V iO M Ci CO CO O l- -f rH CO O Ol Cl a CO CO rH Cl CO -f4 CM O t~ >O CO G CO CO -CO rH Ol ^- -* Ol Ol- OCOO 2 4 01 CO CO ^f iO CO l>- t>- CO Ci O O -H <M CO CO -* O CO t-- I- X Cl O M CO QO CO OQ CO COOOCOOOCO COClClCiCl Cl Ci Cl Ci Cl ClClCi~O o dddd ddddd o dddd ddddd ddddr-t !> i ( CO O -t COCOI^OJCO rHiOOrfCO (M ^ i ( CO O OCi"*COO-1 r^ CO *-H O CO CO iO CO O^l O Ci t>- CO Tf TM rH Ci X CO >O CO * O X t"~ 0) 2 (M CO CO -^ O IO CO 1**- X CO Ci O O r-t O) CM CO ~t 1< O CO O t^ 00 CO n t t t> t< t<. o. t^ i- i^ t^. i^ x co x co x x cc x x co co co oc x ddddd ddddd ddddd do odd ddddd N l>- i^. l>. t>. |>. l>. i^. 1^. CO CO CO CO CO CO CD CO CD O O O iO O <O O O a-^fOCOO-lX -TfOCOOlX fOCOfNX -rhOCOG^CO Tf O CO C< OC - TO -f "H O O CO r^ 1- X GO Cl O O r-< rH <N CO CO -^ -f O CO CO 1- 1- (3 CO CD CO CD CO CD CO CO CO CO CO t^- ^- t>- t> t> I~- l 1^. l>- t>- t- t-- 1 - . - dodod ddddd ddddd do dod o dddd ^^t^-OCO COOCO^ > O CO^-OCOCO OICOCDOCO CDOCOCOCi . T-* O-1 CO O CO t- Ci O r- CO -t O l~ CO 05 O 0-1 CO iO CO !> Ci O r-4 -M a -^f Ci -^ Cl -^ Ci -^ O O O O O >O O iO r- 1 CO i I CO rH CO r-i I-- Ol I-- g^-^i^^^Q COI^-XXCI Ci O O 4 rH (MOlCOCO tl -T+4OOCOCC H iO O IO O IO O >O >O IO >O 10 CO CO CO CO CO CC CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 1 ddddd ddddd ddddd dddo d doddd V . "t CO Cl 01 O X O CO CO Cl I -fl 1^ G CO >O X r-i -t* CO Ci Ol iO X O | O O CO CO t- t^ T- X X Ci Cl O O O rH rH CM CM CO CO CO ^t -f i - "0 ddddd ddddd do odd do odd dddo d * f CO X O O-l f CO Cl rH 00 CO X O Ol -f CO X i CO iO CO O ">! -T " f~ _ o O -J< X (M CO rH O Cl CO X 01 CO O -f Cl CO l rH CC I eO-lCDClCOCO CICOCOOCO COOCOI^O tit~-O-^1il- ^^ -t 4 X < i -f 2 CO CO CO t- 1- I- CO -X Cl Ci Cl O O O r- 1 rH r-i Cl <M O4 CO CO CO ^ -f do odd ddddd ddo o d o dddd ddddd n O CO rH t^ CO CO -^ O O rH t- <M CO -r C5 >O r^ CO 0-1 X CO Cl iO O CO a 01 -t t>- ci oa t i^ o o-i o i- o <M o i- o co 10 x o co 10 x --. co gt^t^t^l-X XQOCiClCl C1OOOO ,-,,-4,-HrHOl 01 01 01 01 CO COIOIO-IOICM (NOlOlOJOa OICOCOCO CO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO dddo d ddddd do" odd do odd ddddo" CO O 1- O <M CICOCOOI^ -fi-HCiCOCO OI-^-prHX OCOOI--? CrHCO tCDX ClrHCOOCO XO^HCO O I-XOO1CO >OI-CiOO-l dddo d ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd H CD o co OJ rH ci x co o co - -~ -" oi r r. i - -~ o co OJ a O rH Ol CO -14 Tf iO CO 1- X Cl ~ Ol C? O CO CO 1- X Cl O -H = Ci- Cl Cl Cl 01 C1C1C1C1C1 CiOOOO OOOOO OOO-^-H ddodd ddddd ddddd ddddd dddo d Millime- i O iO O iO O iO O i^*> O iO O iO O iO O iO O iO O iO O kO O O O CQ 07, _p _*, , 10 CO CO t-- 1^ QO X Cl Ci O O -H rH Ol O-l CO CO -f -t O 3 5 S S lOOlOOO lOOOOCO CDCDCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO GASES. 129 C".r-^r-71 OOCOOS^O O -* CO 74 t~ CO X -? OS LO O CD i-H ^ CM 00 CO O: -* C 74 OO CO OS T*< O O I t- 74 X CO O5 -rf< O O "-< CO 74 CO CO O5 -t O O CO CM 00 ro -H O o 01 t^ ;r to 7i o os r- cr> -t co i o c; t^ ID -f co ^ooct^o ^ ex . " . -A ^1, rt r-i r-H i I 71 7-1 71 71 7 (74 74 CN 74 CM CM CO CO CO CO CC TO TO TO TO tt TO r; rs co c^ r; co ?0 co co co ?o -M <N n rj "M o <M -M <M ci c^ (N (N -N <M O CO O I- ^ -i 00 O <M C5 O 10 O I- "tf f-> OC O <N O CT CO C I -- - X -~ "M /: vr -- ri i -- -M O r- 10 r7 T o -r- r-. i- -- -M c x *: rj ->:--- -M r~ co o --r i- i- oc r-. r ~ -H -N to ^o -r i-t ic i- i- x ri o o o o o r- - c o o o o o ~ r^ ^, ^_ ^ ^ ^, ^ ^- ~ ~ ~* <M -M 71 -^OO^ O^OOC MtO O>OC1 *CO COt^ TlOO ^*CiTOOOC<l t>- r- 1 CD O -^ -^ (N r-i cs i^^D-<^eo^-( O OO CO O eo (Noost^o -^(MI-HCJOO ccir:co(MO Or-lr-i(M COIO-tiOlO COr^t^-XC5 C5 O ^71 CO-rftOtO CO t 00 flO 00 OS O5 OS O> C5C5C5C5CS CiCiC: n C5OOOO OOOOO OOOOO ooodd ddddd ddcJdd dr-5^^^ ^^^^,4 ^,4^^^ OS OS O O i-* 74 74 CO CO Tf O O CC CD I^OOOOCiOS O < -i 7M 74 CO -" O O t>- t>. oc 00 oq oo oo co 00 cc co x oo co oooqoooooo ososcscicrs 05 o: c; - : r-. o dodo dodo d ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd do odd COCOOSi-H-f t--O<NOOO i i -t CD C5 74 OOOOCOCO Ci t > * GO X OS OS OS O O ^* I-H 71 CM CM CO CO ^ ^* O co O 3 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO;CO5CO CO 5 CO CO CO o odd oo ddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd t^- 074-^COOO OCMOt^OS CM^CCXO CMtt>-OS^H COLlt>-O574 X <-< O X -< LOX74OOS 7-1 OO: 7-1 CO CSCOCDO59Q CO~tO O O O CD CD CD t^* t*- t^- OO CIO X O5 OS O5 O O O *^ * 74 74 CM CO CO CO ^ ^ ^* o dodo ddddd ddddd o dddd ddddd ddddd CO CO **"t* ** "" ~* "^ O ^O iO CC ^C" "-T " i " t^ t>* t^- 00 GO GO O^ C5 C5 Ci O O O O <~^ C^7 ?C ^T 1 CC ?T CC C^t CO CO CO CO CO CC C7 TO CC CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ^f Tf o dodo do odd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd 00>O<7 V 1C5 t--Tfii-HXiO O) C5 CO CO > I OOO<MO5CO COOt^-O(7J OSCDCOOt^- o t os o (M teot^os i~i<MTj<<^ao os^ico-^co oo O i to o trxoc^co <M<M<M(NCO COtOCOtOtO <*-rJ<Tf^t t fiOO OO lOCCCOCDCO COOt^f^r^ <N (>1 <M 71 <M 71 7J 71 71 CN 71 71 7^ 74 <?J S^J <71 OJ (71 (71 71 71 (71 71 (N 71 71 71 71 dddd do odd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd Ir t- x x 05 o 71 to .o cr t- x - r f 71 TO ~ o cr cr OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 0000 lOOLioio o>oo>oo LOO>OO>O i.o~^rt-t^ ocxricrso O-| -H<M<M cococococo co;ocococ~ t>-t>.i>.t^i>. 130 GASES. O I-H CO CM I-- COCO"fOS>O O CO I-H t^ CM COCOOS^O IO -H CO CM b- . CO O5 -* O >O i I CO CM l>- CO OS -rf O >O i-H CO CM <^- CO CS -f O iO I-H O O 3 "~ *O -f CO i-H O CO I- iO Tj< CM I-H O CO l~~ O T* 71 -! OS 00 1^ iO T}* M g l^ CO 05 O I-H CM CM CO Tt< O CO t^ 00 CO OS O I-H CM CO CO * >O CO ^ SO OC^OI^^H ^H co 10 CM os 1 ~ T ~ orC 1 ~ l "- 1 ^ j- 1 -* , ,-1 -H -H o C3 OS l>- tO CM d GO *O CO i < OO CO ^ 71 OS t^ *O CM O CO *O CO i * O5 CO "*f "cO fiOCOt^ I^GCOiOO I-H <M CO CO -^ IO CO 1^ t- CO -OSOO^-lT-J CMCMCMCMfM CMCMCMCOCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO CO^fTtTTiTj" OOCO^-CMCO rHOO tlOO CM t^ i i CO O OOS-fCOT-1 COi-H>OO^f i^HOOOT-lOS CO7-10SCOCO Ol^^fOt^ -^i-HCOOi-H OOlOCMOSCO lOOi-HCMCM CO^^OCO t--t^.GOOSOS O i I I-H 7-1 CO i-H i-H i-H i-H T-H i-H T-H i-H i-H rH rH i-H T-H i-H i-H CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM OOOOO OOOOOS O505O5OSOS OSOSOSCOGO OSOO^H-I (MCOCO-^-t lOiOCOt^t^ COOOOSOO OSOS050SOS Cioppp ppppp ppopp ppp^iT-, Odddd O- .-Hl-Hr- rH^rHi-H^H ^r-JrHr^^H ^4 r4 ^H 1-" r4 " GO QO OO QO GO 00 GO OO 00 GO 00 GO 3C 00 CO CTi C"> O^ Ci Ci O C^ Ci ^ C^ ooooo o oooo ooooo oooo o oooc>o . CO C^ C^J iO t^ O> CO CO Ci ^H "^ 1^* O C^l O OO ^H CO CO C> ^ iO f^- O CO doo dd ddddd ddo oo do odd ddddd ^COOSi-iCO COOOOCMr}< COOOi-iCO>O OOOCM-flCO OCOCO . OS CO t CM CO O"^O5COI>. i-HlOOT^CO (M 1^ 1-1 O OS COOOCMCOO gO t i r~- -H-^i oOr-i-rfiCOi-H lOCOCMiOGO (MiOOSCO>O OSCMCOOSCO Sio>o>o^>co coi^i^i^ao QCX)C5Osos o o o - 1-1 I-HCMCMCMCO O >O O >O >O IO >O O *O O iO >O >O iO >O CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO dddo d ddddd ddo o d o ddoo* ddddd ^H t> TJ< I-H t -f Ot^-COO t^ -fOf^^f Ot^-COOt^ fO^-T^O .CMt^cOCTSTf OCOi-it^cO CO^OiO-^ t^CMGO-TOS lOi-iCOCMOO w gcoiocooco cpoOi-Hcoco GO 1-1 -^ co os i-i-rcoos^H -^t^ ddddd ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo N f-t>-t>.COCO OOCOCOCOOS 05050SOSOS OOOOO OI-HI-I-HI-H flCMCMCM(M(M CMCM71CMCM CM71CMCMCM COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd COOS-ffOO -HCDCMI^CO O5^O>OT-( COCMt^COOS "*OOi-ICO t^ iO rf CO I-H O X >- O -f 71 -H O CO O -f 7-1 r-i OS OO 1^ O ti CM ddddd ddddd ddddd ooooo ooooo iOOOO>O OiOOiOO OOiOOO OiOOOO iOOOO O *" < i" * 71 71 CO C7. -^ -*^ >O IO CO CO f~- ^ >1 OO 00 OS OS O O I-H I-H 71 CM oocoQOGOco ocoooocooo ooooooocoo ooooaoooos crsososcso a GASES. 131 .-. ci x co o t ci <-i c: x co ": ic cj O O O i* C*4 CO "^ O *O to l^- X Ci O "H -O JO CO CO CO CO O CO CO CO CO CO l^ t- 00000 00000 00000 ~- x ITS <M Ci eo co o t^ -* ^-x^^iri -1- :- <- -o t^ t x cs o o 1-1 e^ oo ec - <M CO O C5XCOOCO <MOXt~-iO rffM^-dX O^C^fMIO -rJ<^L.~O->0 X X X X 7 O O O O O O O O i CC to r. r" 5. r: C5 Cr c; c: c: O O O O C O ddddd o dddi-H ^H^^;,-;^-; X t O <M C X r-i ^ " ~ "M O ~ r. ~ C < i (M OJ ?J CO COTf^iOO t>- r* x X X X X X X X X X X X X ddo dd ddddd ddddd Ji CC 1^- *-* CO O Tt* QC OJ t^* ^^ O O^ ^ -^ -^ ^^ ^Q ^ ^i Q^ i^ ^ ^ ^ ^j r, -^ ddddd ddddd ddddd ~. "M O t- O M -*; ^- O "t O X O ^5 t^t^XXX C5C^C5CT5O O O O ~H -r -r 1 ^ ^ ! ^f o -t ~ >~ o o o dodo ddddd ddddd ^ < N GO C^ O 1 ^^ ^\ ?O ^ *^ ^" - f X ci ^ n o to 00 O -l 03 ^ X Ti ddddd do odd do odd - r! r ?"i :: - - -.r t- x" H o . - i~ -r vr -_r --r tr -r -o vr -r -_r - - <~ ddddo" do odd ddddd 132 GASES. TABLE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE BAROMETRICAL COLUMN, MEASURED BY A BRASS SCALE EXTENDING FROM THE CISTERN TO THE TOP, TO CENTIGRADE. M. T. DELCKOS. (Guyot s Tables.) ITripht of the Degrees, Centigrade. Barome ter. 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 mm. 665 mm. 0.1073 mm. 0.2146 mm. 0.3220 0.4293 mm. 0.537 mm. 0.644 mm. 0.751 mm. 0.859 mm. 0.966 670 0.1081 0.2163 0.3244 0.4326 0.541 0.649 0.757 0.865 0.973 675 0.1089 0.2179 0.3268 0.4358 0.545 0.654 0.763 0.871 0.980 680 0.1097 0.2195 0.3292 0.4390 0.549 0.658 0.768 0.878 0.988 685 0.1106 0.2211 0.3317 0.4423 0.553 0.663 0.774 0.884 0.995 690 0.1114 0.2227 0.3341 0.4455 0.557 0.668 0.780 0.891 1.002 695 0.1122 0.2243 0.3365 0.4487 0.561 0.673 0.785 0.897 1.010 700 0.1130 0.2260 0.3389 0.4520 0.565 0.678 0.791 0.904 1.017 705 0.1138 0.2276 0.3414 0.4552 0.569 0.683 0.797 0.910 1.024 710 0.1146 0.2292 0.3438 0.4584 0.573 0.688 0.802 0.917 1.031 715 0.1154 0.2308 0.3462 0.4616 0.577 0.691 0.808 0.923 1.039 720 0.1162 0.2324 0.3486 0.4648 0.581 0.697 0.813 0.930 1.046 725 0.1170 0.2340 0.3510 0.4680 0.585 0.702 0.819 0.936 1.053 780 0.1178 0.2356 0.3535 0.4713 0.589 0.707! 0.825 0.943 1.060 7i 3 5 0.1186 0.2372 0.3559 0.4745 0.593 0.712 0.830 0.949 1.068 7H> 0.1194 0.2389 0.3683 0.4777 0.597 0.717 0.836 0.955 1.075 745 0.1202 0.2405 0.3607 0.4809 0.601 0.721J 0.842 0.962 1.082 7.30 0.1210 0.2421 0.3631 0.4842 0.605 0.726! 0.847 0.968 1.089 755 0.1218 0.2437 0.3655 0.4874 0.609 0.731 0.853 0.975 1.097 7GO 0.1227 0.2453 0.3680 0.4906 0.613 0.736 0.859 0.981 1.104 rea 0.1235 0.2469 0.3704 0.4939 0.617 0.741 0.864 0.988 1.111 770 0.1243 0.2486 0.3728 0.4971 0.621 0.746 0.870 0.994 1.118 775 0.1251 0.2502 0.3752 0.5003 0.625 0.750 0.876 .001 1.126 780 0.1259 0.2.-) is 0.3777 0.5036 0.62!) 0.755 0.881 .007 1.133 785 0.1267 0.2534 0.3801 0.5068 0.633 <.7i!0 0.888 .014 1.140 790 0.1275 0.2550 0.3825 0.5100 0.637! 0.765 0.893 .020 1.148 795 0.1283 0.2566 0.3849 0.5132 0.641 0.770 0.898 .026 1.155 800 0.1291 0.2582 0.3874 0.5165 0.646 0.775 0.904 .(>:{:i 1.162 805 0.1299 0.2598 0.3898 0.5197 0.650 0.780 0.909 .039 1.169 GASES. 133 TABLE FOR THE REDUCTION OF WATER PRESSURE TO MERCURY PRESSURE. BUNSEN. Gasometrische Methoden. Water Pressure. Mercury Pressure. Water Pressure. Mercury Pressure. Water Pressure. Mercury Pressure. Water Pressure. Mercury Pressure. nun. 1 mm. 0.07 mm. 29 mm. 2.14 mm. 56 mm. 4.13 mm. 83 mil). 6.13 2 0.15 30 2.21 57 4.21 84 6.20 3 0.22 31 2.29 58 4.28 85 6.27 4 0.30 32 2.36 59 4.35 86 6.35 5 0.37 33 2.44 60 4.43 87 6.42 6 0.44 34 2.51 61 4.50 88 6.49 7 0.52 35 2.58 62 4.58 89 6.57 8 0.59 36 2.66 63 4.65 90 6.64 9 0.66 37 .2.73 64 4.72 91 6.72 10 0.74 38 2.80 65 4.80 92 6.79 11 0.81 39 2.88 66 4.87 93 6.86 1-2 0.89 40 2.95 67 4.94 94 6.94 13 0.96 41 3.03 68 5.02 95 7.01 14 .03 42 3.10 69 5.09 96 7.08 15 .12 43 3.17 70 5.17 97 7.16 16 .18 44 3.25 71 5.24 98 7.23 17 .26 45 3.32 72 5.31 99 7.31 18 .33 46 3.39 73 5.39 100 7.38 19 .40 47 3.47 74 5.46 200 14.76 20 .48 48 3.54 75 5.54 300 22.14 21 .55 49 3.62 76 5.61 400 29.52 22 .62 50 3.69 77 5.68 500 36.90 23 .70 51 3.76 78 5.76 600 44.28 24 .77 52 3.84 79 5.83 700 51.66 25 .84 53 3.91 80 5.90 800 59.04 26 .92 54 .3.99 81 5.98 900 66.42 27 .98 55 4.06 82 6.05 1000 73.80 28 2.07 134 GASES. CORRECTION FOR THE DEPRESSION OF THE BARO- M. T. DELCROS. lladius of the tube in Millimetres. Height of the Meniscus in Millimetres. 1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.268 2.460 3.516 4.396 5.085 1.2 0.876 1.715 2.484 3.162 3.728 4.190 1.4 0.638 1.256 1.836 2.363 2.825 3.218 3.542 1.6 0.484 0.955 1.404 1.820 2.196 2.528 2.812 3.050 1.8 0.378 0.747 1.103 1.437 1.746 2.024 2.270 2483 2.662 2.0 0.302 0.598 0.885 1.158 1.413 1.648 1.859 2.046 2.209 2.2 0.245 0.487 0.723 0.948 1.161 1.360 1.541 1.705 1.851 2.4 0.203 0.403 0.599 0.787 0.966 1.135 1.292 1.436 1.565 2.6 0.170 0.337 0.502 0.661 0.813 0.958 1.093 1.218 1.332 2.8 0.143 0.285 0.425 0.560 0.691 0.815 0.932 1.041 1.142 3.0 0.122 0.243 0.362 0.478 0.591 0.698 0.800 0.896 0.985 3.2 0.105 0.209 0.312 0.412 0.509 0.602 0.691 0.776 0.855 3.4 0.091 0.181 0.269 0.356 0.441 0.523 0.601 0.675 0.745 3.6 0.079 0.157 0.2, M 0.310 0.384 0.455 O..V_H 0.590 0.652 3.8 0.069 0137 0.205 0.271 0.336 0.399 0.459 0.517 0.572 4.0 0.060 0.120 0.180 0.238 0.295 0.350 0.404 0.455 0.504 4.2 0.053 0.106 0.158 0.210 0.260 0.309 0.356 0.402 0.446 4.4 0.047 0.094 0.140 0.185 0.230 0.2*3 0.315 0.356 0.395 4.6 0.042 0.083 0.124 0.164 0.204 0.242 0.280 0316 0.351 4.8 0.037 0.074 0.110 0.146 0.181 0.215 0.249 0.281 0.312 5.0 0.033 0.065 0.098 0.130 0.161 0.192 0.221 0.250 0.278 5.2 0.029 0.058 0.087 0.116 0.144 0.171 0.198 0.224 0.248 5.4 0.026 0.052 0.078 0.103 0.128 0.153 0.177 0.200 0.222 5.6 0.023 0.047 0.070 0.092 0.115 0.137 0.158 0.179 0.199 5.8 0.021 0.042 0.062 0.083 0.103 0.122 0.142 0.160 0.178 6.0 0.019 0.037 0.056 0.074 0.092 0.110 <.!_> 7 0.144 0.160 6.2 0.017 0.034 0.050 0.067 0.083 0.099 0.114 0.129 0.144 6.4 0.015 0.030 0.045 0.060 0.074 0.089 0.103 0.116 0.130 6.6 0.014 0.027 (M)ll o.o.Vl 0.067 0.080 0.093 0.105 0.117 6.8 0.012 0.024 0.037 0.049 0.061 0.072 0.084 0.095 0.105 7.0 0.011 0.022 0.033 0.044 0.055 0.065 0.075 0.085 0.095 GASES. 135 METRICAL COLUMN DUE TO CAPILLARY ACTION. {Guyot s Tables.) Radius of tlir tube in Millimetres. Height of the Meniscus in Millimetres. 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 i.l 1.5 l.G 1.7 1.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.348 2. -2 1.978 2.087 2.4 1.680 1.780 1.866 2.6 1.436 1.528 1.608 1.676 2.8 1.235 1.318 1.392 1.456 1.511 3.0 1.068 1.14;} 1.210 1.270 1.322 1.368 3.2 0.928 0.995 1.057 1.112 1.161 1.203 1.238 3.4 0.810 0.871 0.926 0.976 1.021 1.061 1.095 3.6 0.710 0.764 0.814 0.860 0.901 0.938 0.970 3.8 0.624 0.673 718 760 0.79? 0.831 0.861 0.887 4.0 0.551 0.594 0.635 0.673 0.707 0.788 0.766 0.790 4.2 0.487 0.526 0.563 0.597 0.628 0.657 0.682 0.705 4.4 0.432 0467 0.500 0.531 0.559 0.585 0.609 0630 4.6 0.384 0.416 0.445 0.473 0.499 0.522 0.544 0.563 4.8 0.342 0.370 0.397 0.422 0.445 0.467 0.486 0.504 5.0 0.305 0.330 0.354 0.377 0.398 0.418 0.436 0.452 5.2 n.272 0.295 0.317 0.337 0.356 0.374 0.390 0.405 0.418 5.4 0.244 0.264 0284 0.302 0.319 0.336 0.350 0.364 0.376 5.6 0.218 0.237 0.255 0.271 0.287 0.301 0.315 0.327 0.338 5.8 0.196 0.213 0.228 0243 0.257 0.271 0.283 0.294 0.304 6.0 0.176 0.191 0.2 : 0.219 0.231 0243 0.254 0.264 0.273 6.2 0.158 0.172 0.185 0.197 0.208 0-Jlii 0.22!) 0.238 6.4 0.142 0.154 0.166 0.177 0187 0.197 0.206 0.214 0.221 6.6 0.128 0139 0.150 0.160 0.169 0178 0.186 0.193 0.200 6.8 0.116 0.126 0.135 0.144 0.153 0.160 0.16S 0.174 0.180 7.0 0.105 0.114 0.122 0.130 0.138 0.145 0.152 0.158 0.163 136 GASES. TABLE OF THE COEFFICIENTS OF ABSORPTION OF VARIOUS GASES. BUNSEN. Gasometrischer Tafeln. Oft Nitrogen. Hydrogen. Oxygen. In Water. -In Alcohol. In Water. In Alcohol. In Water. In Alcohol. 0.02035 0.12634 0.01930 0.06925 0.04114 0.28397 1 0.01981 0.12593 0.01930 0.06910 0.04007 0.28397 2 0.01932 0.12553 0.01930 0.06896 0.03907 0.28397 3 0.01884 0.12514 0.01930 0.06881 0.03810 0.28397 4 0.01838 0.12476 0.01930 0.06867 0.03717 0.28397 5 0.01794 0.12440 0.01930 0.06853 0.03628 0.28397 6 0.01752 0.12405 0.01930 0.06839 0.03544 0.28397 7 0.01713 0.12371 0.01930 0.06826 0.03465 0.28397 8 0.01675 0.12338 0.01930 0.06813 0.03389 0.28397 9 0.01640 0.12306 0.01930 0.06799 0.03317 028397 10 0.01607 0.12276 0.01930 0.06786 0.032.50 0.28397 11 0.01577 0.12247 0.01930 0.06774 0.03189 0.28397 12 0.01549 0.12219 0.01930 0.06761 0.03133 0.28397 13 0.01523 i 0.12192 0.01930 0.06749 0.03082 0.28397 14 0.01500 0.12166 0.01930 0.06737 0.03034 0.28397 15 0.01478 0.12142 0.01930 0.06725 0.02989 0.28397 16 0.01458 0.12119 0.01930 0.06713 0.02949 0.28397 17 0.01441 0.12097 0.01930 0.06701 0.02914 0.28397 18 0.01426 0.12076 0.01930 0.06690 0.02884 28397 19 0.01419 0.12056 0.01930 0.0(5679 0.02858 0.28397 20 0.01403 0.12038 0.01930 0.06668 002838 0.28397 21 0.12021 0.01930 0.06657 22 0.12005 001930 0.06646 23 0.11990 0.01930 06636 24 0.11976 0.01930 0.06626 GASES. 137 C. Carbonic Acid. Carbonic Oxide. Protoxide of Nitrogen. Deutoxide of Nitrogen in Alcohol. In Water. In Alcohol. In Water. In Alcohol. In Water. In Alcohol .7967 4.3295 0.03287 0.20443 1.3052 4.1780 0.31606 i .7207 4.2368 0.03207 0.20443 1.2605 4.1088 0.31262 2 .6481 4.1466 0.03131 0.20443 1.2172 4.0409 0.30928 3 .5787 4.0589 0.03057 0.20443 1.1752 3.9741 0.30604 4 .5126 3.9736 0.02987 0.20443 1.1346 3.9085 0.30290 5 .4497 3.8908 0.02920 0.20443 1.0954 3.8442 0.29985 6 .3901 3.8105 0.02857 0.20443 1.0575 3.7811 0.29690 7 .3339 3.7327 0.02796 0.20443 1.0210 3.7192 0.29405 8 .2809 3.6573 0.02739 0.20443 0.9858 3.6585 0.29130 9 .2311 3.5844 0.02686 0.20443 0.9520 3.5990 0.28865 10 .1847 3.5140 0.02635 0.20443 0.9196 3.5408 0.28609 11 1.1416 3.4461 0.02588 0.20443 0.8885 3.4838 0.28363 12 1.1018 3.3807 0.02544 0.20443 0.8588 3.4279 0.28127 13 1.0653 3.3178 0.02504 0.20443 0.8304 3.3734 0.27901 It 1.0321 3.2573 0.02466 0.20443 0.8034 3.3200 0.27685 15 1.0020 3.1993 0.02432 : 0.20443 0.7778 3.2678 0.27478 16 0.9753 3.1438 0.02402 0.20443 0.7535 3.2169 0.27281 17 0.9519 3.0908 0.02374 0.20443 0.7306 3.1672 0.27094 18 0.9318 3.0402 0.02350 0.20443 0.7090 3.1187 0.26917 19 0.9150 2.9921 0.02329 0.20443 0.6888 3.0714 0.26750 20 0.9014 2.9465 0.02312 0-20443 0.6700 3.0253 0.26592 21 2.9034 0.6525 2.9805 0.26444 22 2.8628 0.6364 2.9368 0-26306 23 2.8247 0.6216 2.8944 0.26178 24 2.7890 0.6082 2.8532 0.26060 138 GASES. CO. Marsh Gas. Olefiant Gas. Ethyl in Water. Methyl In Water. In Water. In Alcohol. In Water. In Alcohol. 0.05449 0.52259 0.2563 3.5950 0.03147 0.0871 1 0.05332 0.51973 0.2473 3.5379 0.03040 0.0838 2 0.05217 0.51691~ 0.2388 3.4823 0.02947 0.0807 3 0.05104 0.51412 0.2306 3.4280 0.02856 0.0777 4 0.04993 0.51135 0.2227 3.3750 0.02770 0.0748 5 0.04885 0.50861 0.2153 3.3234 0.02689 0.0720 6 0.04778 0.50590 0.2082 3.2732 0.02613 0.0693 7 0.04674 0.50322 0.2018 3.2243 0.02541 0.0668 8 0.04571 0.50057 0.1952 3.1768 0.02474 0.0644 9 0.04470 0.49795 0.1893 3.1307 0.02412 0.0621 10 0.04372 0.49535 0.1837 3.0859 0.02355 0.0599 11 0.04275 0.49278 0.1786 3.0425 0.02303 0.0578 12 0.04180 0.49024 0.1737 3.0005 0.02257 0.0559 13 0.04088 0.48773 0.1693 2.9598 0.02216 0.0541 14 0.03997 0.48525 0.1652 2.9205 0.02179 0.0524 15 0.03909 0.48280 0.1615 2.8825 0.02147 0.0508 16 0.03823 0.48037 0.1583 2.8459 0.02121 0.0493 17 0.03739 0.47798 0.1553 2.8107 0.02100 0.0480 18 0.03657 0.47561 0.1528 2.7768 0.02084 0.0468 19 0.03577 0.47327 0.1506 2.7443 0.02073 0.0457 20 0.03499 0.47096 0.1488 2.7131 0.02065 0.0447 21 0.46867 2.6833 22 0.46642 2.6549 23 0.46419 2.6279 24 0.46199 2.6022 GASES. 139 c. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. Sulphurous Acid. Ammonia in Water. Atmospheric Air in Water. In Water In Alcohol. In Water. In Alcohol. 4.3706 17.891 68.861 328.62 1049.6 0.02471 1 4.2874 17.242 67.003 311.98 1020.8 0.02406 2 4.2053 16.606 65.169 295.97 993.3 0.02345 3 4.1243 15.983 63.360 280.58 967.0 0.02287 4 4.0442 15.373 61.576 265.81 941.9 0.02237 5 3.9652 14.776 59.816 241.67 917.9 0.02179 6 3.8872 14.193 58.080 238.16 895.0 0.02128 7 3.8103 13.623 56.369 225.25 873.1 0.02080 8 3.7345 13.066 54.683 212.98 852.1 0.02034 9 3.6596 12.523 53.021 201.33 832.0 0.01992 10 3.5858 11.992 51.383 190.31 812.8 0.01953 11 3.5132 11.475 49.770 179.91 794.3 0.01916 12 3.4415 10.971 48.182 170.13 776.6 0.01882 13 3.3708 10.480 46.618 160.98 759.6 0.01851 14 3.3J012 10.003 45.079 152.45 743.1 0.01822 15 3.2326 9.539 43.564 144.55 727.2 0.01795 16 3.1651 9.088 42.073 137.27 711.8 0.01771 17 3.0986 8.650 40.608 130.61 696.9 0.01750 18 3.0331 8.225 39.165 124.58 682.3 0.01732 19 2.9687 7.814 37.749 119.17 668.0 0.01717 20 2.9053 7.415 36.216 114.48 654.0 0.01704 21 2.8430 7.030 34.986 110.22 640.2 22 2.7817 6.659 33.910 106.68 626.5 23 2.7215 6.300 32-847 103.77 613.0 24 2.6623 5.955 31-800 101.47 599.5 140 GASES. ESTIMATION OF THE WEIGHTS OF Name of Gas. Formulae. 1000 cc. 2000 cc. 3000 cc. Chloride of Acetyl C 4 H 4 C1 Grammes. 2.79386 Grammes. 5.58772 Grammes. 8.38158 Ethyl C 4 H 5 2.59349 5.18698 7.78047 Ammonia H 3 N 0.76271 1.52542 2.28813 Antimony Sb 23.06332 46.12664 69.18996 Antimomuretted Hydrogen H 3 Sb 5.90026 11.80052 17.70078 Arsenic As 13.40892 26.81784 40.22676 Arseniuretted Hydrogen H 3 As 3.48665 6.97330 10.45995 Boron B 1.94876 3.89752 5.84628 Chloride of Boron BCL 5.24735 10.49470 15.74205 Fluoride of Boron BF 3 3 3.06166 6.12332 9.18498 Bromine Br 6.99990 13.99980 20.99970 Hydrobromic Acid HBr 3.54471 7.08942 10.63413 Chlorine Cl 3.17344 6.34688 9.52032 Oxychloride of Carbon CC10 4.42494 8.84988 13.27482 Hydrochloric Acid HC1 1.63153 3.26306 4.89459 Cyanogen Chloride of Cyanogen C a N C^Cl 2.32930 2.75137 4.65860 5.50274 6.98790 8.25411 Ditetryl C 8 H 8 2.50388 5.00776 7.51164 Elayl C 4 H 4 1.25194 2.50388 3.75582 Fluorine Fl 1.71634 3.43268 5.14902 Hydrofluoric Acid HF 0.90298 1.80596 2.70894 M:trsh gas C a H 4 0.71558 1.43116 2.14674 Iodine I 11.36180 22.72360 34.08540 Hydriodic Acid HI 5.72573 11.45146 17.17719 Silicon Si 3.80814 7.61628 11.42442 Fluoride of Silicon SiF, 4.70206 9.40412 14.10618 Carbon C 1.07272 2.14544 3.21816 Carbonic Oxide CO 1.25150 2.50300 3.75450 Carbonic Acid C0 1.97741 3.99482 5.93223 Methyl Pft 1.34152 2.68304 4.02456 Oxide of Methyl C a H,0 2.056G9 4.11338 6.17007 Chloride of Methyl C a H 3 Cl 2.25749 4.51498 6.77247 Phosphorus P 5.54230 11.08460 16.62690 Phosphuretted Hydrogen H 8 P 1.52000 3.04000 4.56000 GASES. 141 GASES FROM THEIR VOLUMES. 4000 cc. 5000 cc. 6000 cc. 7000 cc. 8000 cc. 9000 cc. Orfcmmes. 11.17544 Grammes. 13.96930 Grammes. 16.76316 Grammes. 19.55702 Grammes. 22.35088 Grammes. 25.14474 10.37396 12.96745 15.56094 18.15443 20.74792 23.34141 3.05084 3.81355 4.57626 5.33897 6.10168 6.86439 92.25328 115.31660 138.37992 161.44324 184.50656 207.56992 23.60104 29.50130 35.40156 41.30182 47.20208 53.10234 53.63568 67.04460 80.45352 93.86244 107.27136 120.68028 13.94660 17.43325 20.91990 24.40650 27.89320 31.37985 7.79504 9.74380 11.69256 13.64132 15.59008 17.53884 20.98940 26.23675 31.48410 36.73145 41.97880 47.22615 12.24664 15.30830 18.36996 21.43162 24.49328 27.55494 27.99960 34.99950 41.99940 48.99930 55.99920 62.99910 14.17884 17.72355 21.26826 24.81297 28.35768 31.90239 12.69376 15.86720 19.04064 22.21408 25.38752 28.56096 17.69976 22.12470 26.54964 30.97458 35.39952 39.82446 6.52612 8.15765 9.78918 11.42071 13.05221 14.68377 9.31720 11.64650 13.97580 16.30510 18.63440 20.96370 11.00548 13.75685 16.50822 19.25959 22.0lo:i ( ; 24.76233 10.01552 12.51940 15.02328 17.52716 2003104 22.53492 5.00776 6.25970 7.51164 8.76356 10.01 5:. 2 11.26746 6.86536 8.58170 10.29804 12.01438 13.7.,072 15.44706 3.61192 4.51490 5.41788 6 32086 7.22384 8.12682 2.86232 3.57790 4.29348 5.00906 5.72464 6.44022 45.44720 56.80900 68.17080 79.53260 90.89440 102.25620 22.90292 28.62865 34.35438 40.08011 45.80:, M 51.53157 15.23256 19.04070 22.s 26.6; 30.4 (I.-) 12 34.27326 18.80824 23.51030 28.21236 32.91442 37.61648 42.3 is:, l 4.29088 5.36; 6.43632 7.50904 8.58176 9.65448 5.00600 6.25750 7.50900 8.76050 10.01200 11.26350 7.98964 BUM 1.86476 13.84 is: 15.81928 17.79669 5.36608 6.70760 8.04912 9.39064 10.73216 12.07368 8.22676 10.28345 12.34014 14.39683 16.45352 18.51021 9.02996 11.28745 13.54494 15.81 18.05992 20.31741 22.16920 27.71150 33.25380 38.79610 44.33840 49.8SU70 6.08000 7.60000 9.12000 10-64000 12.16000 13.68000 142 GASE9. Name of Gas. Formulas. 1000 cc. 2000 cc. 8000 cc. Oxygen Sulphur o s Grammes. 1.42980 17.16336 Grammes. 2.85960 34.32672 Grammes. 4.28941 51.49008 Sulphurous Acid S0 2 2.86056 5.72112 8.58168 Sulphuretted Hydrogen HS 1.51991 3.03982 4.55973 Selenium Se 7.02556 14.05112 21.07668 Selenuretted Hydrogen HSe 3.60239 7.20478 10.80717 Nitrogen N 1.25618 2.51236 3.76854 Deutoxide of Nitrogen N0 2 1.34343 2.68686 4.03029 Protoxide of Nitrogen NO 1.97172 3.94344 5.91516 Tellurium Te 11.53525 23.07050 34.60575 Telluretted Hydrogen HTe 5.85723 11.71446 17.57169 Water Vapor HO 0.80475 1.60950 2.41425 Hydrogen H 0.08958 0.17916 0.26874 Atmospheric Air 1.29319 2.58638 3.87957 ESTIMATION OF THE VOLUME OF OXYGEN Volume of Air. 100.00. 200.00. 300.00. Volume of Nitrogen Volume of Oxygen 79.04 20,96 158.08 41.92 237.12 62.88 GASES. 143 4000 cc. 5000 cc. 6000 cc. 7000 cc. 8000 cc. 9000 cc. Grammes. 1.71921 Grammes. 7.14901 Grammes. 8.57881 Grammes. 10.00861 Grammes. 1 1.41 S 12 Grammes. 12.86822 68.65344 85.81680 102.98016 120.14352 137.30688 154.47024 11.44224 14.30280 17.16336 20.02392 22.88448 25.74504 6.07964 7.59955 9.11946 10.63937 12.15928 13.67919 28.10224 35.12780 42.15336 49.17892 56.20448 63.23004 14.40956 18.01195 21.61434 2.-). 21 6 73 28.81912 32.42151 5.02572 6.28090 7.53708 8.79326 10.04944 11.30562 5.37372 6.71615 8.06058 9.40301 10.74744 12.09087 7.88688 9.85860 11.83032 13.80204 15.77376 17.74548 46.14100 57.67625 69.21150 80.74675 92.28200 103.81725 23.42892 29.28615 35.14338 41.00061 46.85784 52.71507 3.21900 4.02375 4.82850 5.63325 6.43800 7.24275 0.35832 0.44790 0.53748 0.62706 0.71664 0.80622 5.17276 6.46595 7.75914 9.05233 10.34562 11.63871 AND NITROGEN IN ATMOSPHERIC AIR, 40000. 600.00. 600.00. 700.00. 800.00. 900.00. 316.16 83.84 395.20 104.80 474.24 125.76 553.28 146.72 632.32 167.68 711.36 188.64 TABLES RELATING TO LIGHT FORMULAS. IF d represent the density and n the index of refraction of a liquid for a given ray of light, the quantity n 1 d is found to be constant, and is termed the specific refractive power. The relation between the specific refractive power of a mixture and the spe cific refractive powers of its constituents is given by the equation, P P= where, p, ;/, p", &c. represent the weights of the constituents in P units of weight of the mixture. Hence, if the specific refractive power of a mixture be determined at any temperature from its index of refraction and density, and if the cor responding values are known for each constituent, the relative weights of the latter may easily be calculated when only two are present. If P be taken as 100 we have whence, 100 d d 1 p = 100 p. 148 LIGHT. TABLE OF WAVE LENGTHS IN MILLIONTIIS OF MILLIMETRES. Those marked * are Angstrom s measurements. DITSCIIEINER. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Bd. L. Heft III. Jahrgang, 1864. Corrected according to the Wave Length of Da given by Angstrom. (Pogg. Ann. CXXIII. s. 489.) Kirchhoff s Wave Line. Length. Kirchhoff s Line. Wave Length Kirchhoff s Line. Wave Length Kirchhoff s Line. Wave Length. A *761.20 1242.6 557.77 1737.7 511.42 2221.7 474.34 B 592.7*687.49 1280.0 553.27 1750.4 510.30 2233.7 473.36 C 694.1*656.77 1303.5 551.13 1777.5 508.41 2250.0 472.26 711.4 652.09 1306.7 550.70 1799.0 506.91 2264.3 470.71 719.6 650.05 1324.8 548.13 1834.3 504.55 2309.0 467.07 783.8 634.05 1337.0 546; 78 1854.9 503.25 2416.0 460.63 831.0 623.61 1343.5 546.05 1867.1 502.26 2436.5 458.66 849.7 619.72 1351.1 545.08 1873.4 501.67 2457.5 456.81 860.2 617.50 1 36 7.0 543.42 1885.8 501.07 2467.6 455.71 863.9 616.73 1389.4 540.91 1908.5 499.72 2489.4 453.73 874.3^ 614.74 1410.5 538.79 1920.2 498.78 2537.1 450.56 877.0 614. 2 I 1421.5 537.52 1960.8 496.15 2547.2 450.13 884.9 612.76 1449.4 534.41 1975.7 495.04 2566.3 448.46 894.9 610.82 1463.3 533.29 1983.3 494.34 2606.6 446.00 959.8 598.14 1492.4 530.22 1989.5 493.76 2627.0 444.65 D/3 1002.8*590.04 1506.3 528.79 2001.6 492.22 2638.5 443.85 Dy 1004. 8*589.74 1515.5 528.02 2018.5 491.41 2670.0 442.29 Da 1006.8*589.43 E 1523.7 *527.38 2041.3 489.54 2686.6 440.87 1029.3 586.26 1541.9 525.98 2058.0 488.18 2721.6 438.75 10:11;. 1 576.72 1569.6 523.74 2067.1 487.55 2734.1 437.80 1102.9 575.78 1577.6 523.09 -F 2080.0 *486.52 2775.7 435.67 1135.1 571.51 15S9.1 521.97 2103.3 484.63 2796.7 434.34 1155.7 568.70 1601.7 521.82 2119.8 482.81 2S-J2.3 432.82 1174.2 5i;il.3:{ 1622.3 519.67 2148.9 480.56 (i 2*51.7 *4 . !l.o;{ 1200.6 562.97 1684.1 518.73 2157.4 479.55 2869.7 430.37 1207.3 561.98 b 1648.8 517.70 2160.6 479.23 H *397.16 1217.8 5(50.77 1655.6 517.15 2187.1 476.93 II *393.59 1237.8 559.13 1693.8J 514.65 2201.9 475.90 LIGHT. 149 TABLE OF WAVE LENGTHS OF VARIOUS WELL-MARKED LINES OF THE SPECTRUM IX MILLIONTHS OF A MILLIMETRE. W. GIBBS American Jour, of Science, XXXIX. 217. Line. Wave Length. Observer. Line. Wave Length. Observer. aL 676.3 Miiller el 516.7 Pliicker /3N 661.0 u ySiCl a 505.0 H all 653.3 Pliicker /3H 484.3 U a PCI, 649.3 u Br 479.3 u a SnCL 644.5 II yd 479.2 u a SiCl 2 632.9 u 7 Br 476.6 tl aO 615.0 u 8Br 469.1 11 11N 608.9 II ^1 466.1 u /3PC1, 602.4 8S 2 463.1 Miiller S1C1 2 597.8 H *I 462.9 Pliieker 01 594.7 H yPCl, 459.1 it /3 SnCL 579.4 II f SnCl 2 452.4 u a Her 578.2 H CC0 2 450.1 M 17N 576.2 U 61 444.6 u a Hcr 575.9 U rjCO, 438.2 M yCO. y SnCL 559.9 558.4 II u 80 yHg 436.7 435.9 H H 0Hg 546.1 u yH 433.9 U aCl 545.1 II tl 421.5 II 51 533.7 U L 379.1 Esselbach 8 SnCL 533.3 H INI 365.7 u 00 532.8 u N 349.8 II 0ei 521.6 u 336.0 u SCO, 519.0 II P 329.0 u 7 518.5 (( Q 323.2 tt aBr 516.9 H R 309.1 H 150 LIGHT. INDICES OF OF SOME OF THE MOST A = The diminution in refraction for LANDOLT. Pogg. Ann., Bd. Compounds. Formula. Combining Number. P. Specific Gravity. d. Pa Water HO 9 1.0000 1.331110 A 0.000096 Formic Acid C 2 H 2 4 46 1.2211 1.369270 A 0.000395 Acetic Acid C 4 H 4 4 60 1.0514 1.369850 A 0.000418 Propionic Acid C 6 H G 4 74 0.9963 1.384600 A 0.000399 Butyric Acid C 8 H 8 4 88 0.9610 1.395540 A 0.000412 Valeric Acid C 10 H 10 O 4 102 0.9313 1.402200 A 0.000406 Capronic Acid CWA 116 0.9252 1.411640 A 0.000396 CEnanthic Acid C U H 14 O 130 0.9175 1.419230 A 0.000391 Methyl Alcohol C,H 4 2 32 0.7964 1.327890 A 0.000380 Ethyl Alcohol C 4 H O a 46 0.8011 1.360540 A 0.000400 Propyl Alcohol C c H 8 O f 60 0.8042 1.379380 Butyl Alcohol C 8 H 10 O a 74 0.8074 1.393950 A 0.000390 Amyl Alcohol C 10 H ia 2 88 0.8135 1.405730 A 0.000390 Acetate of Methyl C 6 H 6 4 74 0.9053 1.359150 A 0.000520 Formate of Ethyl C 6 H 6 4 74 0.9078 1.358000 A 0.000530 Acetate of Ethyl C 8 H 8 4 88 0.9021 1.370680 A 0.000500 Butyrate of Methyl C 10 H 10 4 102 0.8976 1.386 930 A 0.000490 LIGHT. REFRACTION COMMON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. an elevation of temperature of one degree. 117, S. 353, Bd. 122, S. 645. ^ t*l A B /*a-l p/^a-lX d *V d ) 1.337120 1.340380 1.323920 0.30997 0.3311 5.96 0.000108 0.000110 1.376430 1.380410 1.360620 0.37250 0.3024 13.91 0.000400 0.000433 0.000368 1.376480 1.380170 1.361840 0.34588 0.3518 21.11 0.000408 0.000430 0.000409 1.391290 1.395130 1.376430 0.35210 0.3860 28.57 0.000402 0.000402 0.000397 1.402460 1.406490 1.387040 0.36614 0.4116 36.22 0.000419 0.000429 0.000398 1.409310 1.413490 1.393440 0.37751 0.4319 44.05 0.000420 0.000423 0.000393 1.419000 1.423230 1.402640 0.38754 0.4449 51.61 0.000409 0.000413 0.000380 1.426630 1.431060 1.410050 0.39557 0.4569 59.40 0.000411 0.000410 0.000375 1.333200 1.336210 1.321430 0.27821 0.4117 13.17 0.000400 0.000400 1.366650 1.369970 1.353220 0.31532 0.4501 20.70 0.000410 0.000410 1.385810 1.389320 1.371670 0.33238 0.4717 28.30 1.400690 1.404-170 1.385790 0.35177 0.4879 36.11 0.000410 0.000410 1.412780 1.416890 1.397070 0.37317 0.4987 43.89 0.000400 0.000420 1.365390 1.368930 1.351560 0.32702 0.3967 29.36 0.000520 0.000530 1.364200 1.367820 1.350380 0.32836 0.3944 29.18 0.000550 0.000570 1.377090 1.380670 1.362930 0.33405 0.4109 36.16 0.000520 0.000540 1.393590 1.397420 1.378790 0.35077 0.4311 43.97 0.000510 0.000520 152 LIGHT. Compounds. Formula. Combining Number. P. Specific Gravity. d. ,. Valerate of Methyl C ia H 12 4 116 0.8809 1.392720 A 0.000460 Butyrate of Ethyl C 12 H 12 4 116 0.8906 1.394040 A 0.000480 Formate of Amyl CuHj.0, 116 0.8816 1.395920 A 0.000480 Valerate of Ethyl C 14 H 14 4 130 0.8674 1.395000 A 0.000470 Acetate of Amyl C 14 II 14 4 130 0.8574 1.401680 A 0.000430 Valerate of Amyl C^HjjA 172 0.8581 1.409780 Aldehyde C 4 H 4 O a 44 0.7810 1.329750 A 0.000580 Valeral C 10 H 10 2 86 0.7995 1.386140 A 0.000470 Aceton C 6 H 6 2 58 0.7931 1.357150 A 0.000520 Ether C 8 H 10 2 74 0.7166 1.351120 A 0.000580 Anhydrous Acetic Acid C 8 H 6 6 102 1.0836 1.388320 A 0.000460 Glycol C 4 H 6 4 62 1.1092 1.425300 A 0.000280 Binacetate of Glycol Glycerin CAOs C 6 H 8 6 6 146 92 1.1583 1.2615 1.419320 1.470630 A 0.000200 Lactic Acid C 6 H 6 O a 90 1.2427 1.439150 A 0.000370 Phenic Acid C 12 II e 2 94 1.0722 1.544470 A 0.000420 Bitter Almond Oil C U H 2 106 1.0474 1.539140 A 0.000500 Salicylous Acid C 14 H 6 4 122 1.1693 1.564670 A 0.000490 Methylsalicylic Acid c 10 n.o. 152 1.1824 1.530190 A 0.000440 Benzoate of Methyl C 10 H 8 O 4 136 1.0882 1.511580 A 0.000450 Benzoate of Ethyl C 18 H 10 4 150 1.0491 1.501040 A 0.000460 f^a > Pp > P y == the Indices of Refraction for the three Hydrogen lines, Ha, HP, and Hy. LIGHT. 153 ! 4 /? Pa-1 P (^-l\ ^ * X> d P ( d ) 1.399690 1.403700 1.384200 0.36715 0.4458 51 71 0.000470 0.000480 1.400730 1.404600 1.385800 0.35310 0.4424 51.32 0.000490 0.000500 1.402690 1.406890 1.387410 0.36682 0.4491 52.09 0.000500 0.000510 1.401870 1.405830 1.386590 0.36214 0.4554 59.20 0.000480 0.000490 1.408760 1.412710 1.393120 0.36882 0.4685 60.90 0.000430 0.000440 1.417120 1.421240 1.400890 0.38320 0.4775 82.14 1.335880 1.339370 1.322290 0.32161 0.4222 18.58 0.000610 0.000620 1.393360 1.397290 1.377490 0.37283 0.4830 41.54 0.000500 0.000520 1.363920 1.367800 1.348880 0.35612 0.4503 26.12 0.000540 0.000550 1.357200 1.360710 1.343680 0.32067 0.4900 36.26 0.000590 0.000590 1.395250 1.399270 1.379820 0.36614 0.3584 36.56 0.000470 0.000490 1.432510 1.436620 1.416510 0.37832 0.3834 23.77 0.000320 0.000370 1 426810 1.431200 1.410100 0.39725 0.3620 52.85 1.478450 1.482810 1.461180 0.40728 0.3731 34.32 0.000220 0.000240 1.446860 1.451350 1.429680 040794 0.3534 31.81 0.000380 0.000380 1.563570 1.575550 1.520350 1.03925 0.5078 47.73 0.000440 0.000470 1.562350 1.577490 1.509400 1.28201 0.5147 54.56 0.000510 0.000540 1.596000 1.620080 1.521670 1.85280 0.4829 58.91 0.000520 0.000540 1.5521-20 1.567180 1.501480 1.23687 0.4484 68.16 0.000460 0.000510 1.528900 1.539890 1.489610 0.94663 0.4701 63.94 0.000490 0.000500 1.517150 1.527490 1.480510 0.88444 0.4776 71.64 0.000510 0.000550 A = Coefficient of Refraction. B = Coefficient of Dispersion in Cauchy s formula 154 LIGUT. TABLE OF INDICES OF REFRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS. GLADSTONE. Journal of the Chemical Society of London, N. S. Vol. II. p. 1. Crude Oils. Specific Gravity 15.5 C. Refractive Indices. Rotation. Temp. A D H Anise 0.9852 16.5 .5433 1.5566 1.6118 o 1.0 Antkerosperma Moschatum 1.0425 14.0 .5172 1.5274 1.5628 4 7.0 Bay 0.8808 18.5 .4944 1.5022 1.5420 6.0 Bergamot 0.8825 22.0 .4559 1.4625 1.4779G 4- 23.0 " Florence 0.8804 26.5 .4547 1.4614 1.4760G + 40.0 Birch Bark 0.9005 8.0 .4851 1.4921 1.5172 -f 38.0 Cajeput 0.9203 25.5 .4561 1.4611 1.4778 0.0 Calamus 0.9388 10.0 .4965 1.5031 1.5204G -f 43.5 " Hamburg 0.9410 11.0 .4843 1.4911 1.5144 -1-42.0? Caraway 0.8845 19.0 .4601 1.4671 1.4886 -j- 63.0 " Hamburg 1st dist. 0.9121 10.0 .4829 1.4903 1.5142 <( u 2d " 0.8832 10.5 1.4784 Cascarilla 0.8956 10.0 .4844 1.4918 1.5158 4- 26.0 Cassia 1.0297 19.5 .5602 1.5748 1.6243G 0.0 Cedar 0.9622 23.0 .4978 1.5035 1.5238 4- 3.0 Cedrat 0.8584 18.0 .4671 1.4731 1.4952 4-156.0 Citronella 0.8908 21.0 .4599 1.4659 1.4866 4.0 " Penang 0.8847J 15.5 .4604 1.4665 1.4875 1.0 Cloves 1.0475 17.0 .5213 1.5312 1.5666 4.0 Coriander 0.8775 10.0 1.4592 1.4652 1.4805G 421.0? Cubebs 0.9414 10.0 1.4953 1.5011 1.5160G Dill 0.8922 11.5 1.4764 1.4834 .5072 4206.0 Elder 0.8584 8.5 .4686 1.4749 .4965 4- 14.5 Eucalyptus amygdalina 0.8812: 13.5 .4717 1.4788 .5021 136.0 " oleosa 0.9322: 13.5 .4661 1.4718 .4909 4 4.0 Indian Geranium 0.9043 21.5 .4653 1.4714 .4868G 4.0 Lavender 0.8903 20.0 .4586 1.4648 .4862 20.0 Lemon-grass 0.8932 21.0 1.4705 3.0? " Penang 0.8766j 13.5 .4756 1.4837 1.5042 0.0 Malaleuca ericifolia 0.9030 9.0 .4655 1.4712 1.4901 4- 26.0 " linarifolia 0.9016 9.0 .4710 1.4772 1.4971 4- 11.0 Mint 0.9342 19.0 .4767 1.4840 1.5015G 116.0 u 0.9105 14.5 .4756 1.4822 1.5037 - 13.0 LIGHT. .-K^i. of Crude Oils. Specific Gravity 16.5 -C. Refractive Indicea Rotation. Temp. A D H Myrtle 0.8911 14.0 1.4623 1.4680 1.4879 4- 21.0 Myrrh 1.0189 7.5 1.5196 1.5278 l.:,172G 136.0 Neroli 0.8789 18.0 1.4614 1.4676 1.4835G- - 15.0 u 0.8743 10.0 1.4673 .4741 1.488 IF - - 28.0 Nutmeg 0.8826 24.0 1.4644 .4709 1.4934 - - 44.0 " Penang 0.9069 16.0 1.4749 .4818 1.5053 - 9.0 Orange-peel 0.8509 20.0 1.4633 .4699 1.4916 - -32.0? Florence 0.8864 20.0 1.4707 .4774 1.4980 - -216.0 Parsley 0.9926 8.5 1.5068 1.5162 1.5417G 9.0 Patchouli 0.9554 21.0 1.4990 1.5050 1.5194G * Penang 0.9592 21.0 1.4980 1.6040 1.5183G 120.0 " French 1.0119 14.0 1.5074,1.5132 1.5202F Peppermint 0.9028 14.5 1.4612 1.4670 1.4854 - 72.0 " Florence 0.9116 14.0 1.4628 1.46821.4867 - 44.0 Petit Grain 0.8765 21.0 1.4536 .4600 1.4808 -4- 26.0 Rose 0.8912 25.0 1.4567 .4627 1.4835 - 7.0 Rosemary 0.9080 16.5 1.4632 .4688 1.4867 -f 17.0 Rosewood 0.9064 17.0 1.4843 .4903 1.5113 - 16.0 Sandalwood 0.9750 24.0 1.4959, .5021 1.5227 - 50.0 Thyme 0.8843 19.0 1.4695 .4754 1.4909G Turpentine 0.8727 13.0 1.4672 .4732 1.4938 - 79.0 Verbena 0.8812 20.0 1.4791 .4870 1.5059G 6.0 Wintergreen 1.1423 15.0 1.5163 .5278 1.5737 -|- 3.0 Wormwood 0.9122 18.0 1.4631 .4688 1.4756FI NOTE. The tube by which the Angle of Rotation was determined was ten inches long. The numbers marked G and F are the indices of t5 refraction for the lines G and F, the color of the liquid preventing II from being seen. Io6 LIGHT. TABLE OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HYDROCARBONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS. GLADSTONE. Journal of the Chemical Society of London, 2d Series, Vol. II. p 1. Source of Hydrocarbon. Sp. Or. at 20^ C. = D Boil ing Point. Index of 1 Refrac tion : of A at 20 >C. juf-. Dis per sion. AtoH A 10 v 1-1 D Rota tion. Orange peel .8460 174 1.4645 .0277 .0048 ,5490 -f 154 " " Florence .8468 174 1.4650 .0281 .0049 .5491 -f-260 Cedrat .8466 173 1.4650 .0280 .0049 -5492 -j-180 Lemon .8468 173 1.4660 .0280 0049 .5502 --172 Bergamot .8466 175 1.4619 .0295 .0049 .5456 -4- 76 " Florence .8464 176 1.4602 .0287 .0048 .5437 -- 82 Neroli .8466 173 1.4614 .0291 .0047 .5450 4- 76 Petit Grain .8470 174 1.4617 .0282 .0046 .5439 4- 60 Caraway Hamburg 1st dist. .8466 176 11.4645 .0286 .0048 .5486 -j-180 Dill .8467! 173 1 1.4643 .0288 .0046 .5486 -f242 Cascarilla .8467 172 1.4652 .0305 .0049 5494 Elder .8468 172 1.4631 .0269 .0047 .5468 -f I* Bay .8508 171 1.4542 .0260 .0047 .5338 22 Gaultherilene .8510 168 1.4614 .0271 .0049 .5422 Nutmeg " Penang .8518 .8527 167 166 1.4630 1.4634 0284.0047 02741.0049 .5435 .5434 ti Carvene .8530 166 1.4610 0261 .0048 .5440 20 Hamburg 2d dist. Wormwood .8545 .8565 160 1.4641 1.4590 0263 0253 .0048 .0047 .5431 .5359 4- 86 4-46 Terebene .8583 160 1.4670 0275 .0048 .5440 Anise .8580 160-14607 0268 .0047 .5368 Mint .8600 160 14622 0255 .0048 .5374 -f- 30 Peppermint .8602 175 1.4577 0267 .0047 .5321 60 Laurel Turpentine .8618 160 1.4637 0260 .0047 .5380 -h 94 Thyme .8635 160 1.4617 0282 .0048 .5346 75 Turpentine I .8644 160 1.4612 .0250 .0047 .5335 4- 48 n .8555 160 1.4590 .0256 .0047 .5365 87 m. .8614 160 1.4621 .02491 .5364 90 IV .8600 16v/1.4613 .0254! .0047 .5364 88 Eucalyptus amygdalina .8642 171 11.4696.0323 .0049 .5434 142 LIGHT. 157 Index of Sp.Gr. Refrac Die- Source of Hydrocarbon, at 20-0. Boil ing Point. tion of A&t 20- C. per- sion, AtoH A 10 D Rota tion. Myrtle .8690 o 163 1.4565 .0248 .0047 .5253 + 64 Parsley .8732 160 1.4665 .0291 .0046 .5355 44 Rosemary .8805 163 1.4583 .0241 .0046 .5205 + 8 Cloves .9041 249 1.4898 .0284 .0045 .5417 Rosewood .9042 249 1.4878 .0277 .0045 .5395 11 Cubebs .9062 260 1.4950 .o:5i>2.0041 .5462 -f 59 Calamus .9180 260 1.4930 .0322.0042 .5370 -- 55 " Hamburg .9275 260 1.4976 .0337.0043 .5365 -- 22 Cascarilla .9212 254 1.4926 .0307.0042 .5347 -- 72 Patchouli .9211 2.-> I 1.4966 .0274 .0042 .5391 " Penang .9278 257 1.4963 .0275 .0044 .5349 90 " French .9255 260 1.5009 .0262.0042 .5412 Colophene .9391 315 1.5084 .0309.0041 .5413 MISCELLANEOUS. SOLUBILITIES OF SOME OF THE MORE COMMON PRECIPITATES. FRESENIUS. Quaa Analysis, pp. 740-749. Bichloride of Potassium and Platinum. In absence of free Hydrochloric acid one part of the salt dissolves in 12083 parts of alcohol of 97.5 per cent, in 3775, of 76 per cent, and in 1053, of 55 per cent. In presence of free Hydrochloric acid, in 1835, of 76 per cent. Bichloride of Ammonium and Platinum. In absence of free Hydrochloric acid, one part of the salt dissolves in 26535 parts of alcohol of 97.5 per cent, in 1406 parts of alcohol of 76 per cent, in 665 parts of alcohol of 55 per cent. In presence of free Hydrochloric acid, one part of the salt requires 672 parts of spirit of 76 per cent. Carbonate of Barium. One part dissolves in 14137 parts of water at 15-20. One part dissolves in 15432 parts of boiling water. One part dissolves in 141000 parts of water containing Ammonia, Car bonate of Ammonium, and Chloride of Ammonium. Fluosilicate of Barium. One part of the salt requires 3802 parts of cold, or 3392 parts of boiling water for solution. One part of the salt requires from 640 to 733 parts of water acidified with Hydro chloric for solution. Sulphate of Strontium. One part of the salt dissolves in 6895 parts of water at 14, in 9638 parts of boiling water, in 11862 parts of water containing Sulphuric and Hydrochloric acids, in 432 parts of Nitric acid of 4.8 per cent, in 474 parts of Hydrochloric of 8.5 per cent, and in 7843 parts of Acetic acid of 15.6 per cent. Carbonate of Strontium. One part of the salt requires 18045 parts of cold water for solution, and 56545 parts of a solution containing Carbonate of Ammonium and free Ammonia. 162 MISCELLANEOUS. Carbonate of Calcium. One part dissolves in 8834 parts of boiling, or in 10601 parts of cold water. One part requires 65246 parts of a solution of Carbonate of Ammonium and free Ammonia to dis solve it. Basic Phosphate of Magnesium and Ammonium. One part dissolves in 15293 parts of pure water, in 44600 parts of water containing free Ammonia, in 7548 parts of water containing Chloride of Ammonium, and in 15627 parts of water containing Chloride of Ammo nium and Ammonia. Magnesia. One part dissolves in 55368 parts of water. Basic Carbonate of Zinc. One part dissolves in 44642 parts of water. Carbonate of Lead. One part requires 50551 parts of water, or 23450 parts of a dilute solution of Acetate of Ammonium, Carbonate of Ammonium, and Ammonia for Solution. Sulphate of Lead. One part dissolves in 22816 parts of pure water, and in 36504 parts of water containing Sulphuric acid. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. FRENCH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Measure of Length. One Myriametre " Kilometre " Hectometre " Decametre " Metre " Decimetre " Centimetre " Millimetre = 10000 Metres. = 1000 u == 100 u = 10 u = 1 u = 0.1 u = 0.01 u _ 0.001 il Square Measure. One Centiare = 1 Square Metre. " Are = 100 " Metres. " Hectare = 10,000 " " Cubic Measure. One Cubic Metre " " Decimetre " " Centimetre " " Millimetre One Litre Cubic Metre. 1 0.001 " 0.000,001 " 0.000,000,001 " 1000 c.c. Weights. One Kilogramme = " Hectogramme = " Decagramme = " Gramme = " Decigramme = " Centigramme = " Milligramme = One Gramme = 15.4336 Grains = 3.9 C. and 760 m.m. pressure. 1000 Grammes. 100 10 " 1 " 0.1 " 0.01 " 0.001 " one Cubic Centimetre of water at 1G4 MISCELLANEOUS. VALUES OF ENGLISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN FRENCH OR DECIMAL. Wine Measure. One Gallon " Quart " Pint Gill " Fluid Ounce 4.5435 Litres. 1.1359 " .5679 " .1420 " 28.4 Cubic Centimetres. Long Measure. )ne Mile = 1609.4083 Metres. " Furlong = Rod = 201.1760 5.0297 u u " Yard = .9144 it " Foot = .3048 u " Inch = 2.54 Centimetres. " Line = .21 it Square Measure. One Square Mile = " " Acre = " " Rood = " " Rod = " " Yard . " " Foot . " " Inch 258.9894 Hectares. 40.4671 Ares. 10.1168 " 25.292 Square Metres. 0.8360 " " .0929 " " 6.45 " Centimetres. Cubic Measure. One Cubic Foot = 28315.3119 Cubic Centimetres. " " Inch = 16.3862 " MISCELLANEOUS. 165 Avoirdupois Weight. One Ton, 2000 Ibs., = 907.18530 Kilogrammes. Hundred Wt., 100 Ibs., = 45.359265 " Pound .45359265 " " Ounce = 28.3494 Grammes. " Dram = 1.7718 " Troy Weight. One Pound = 373.242 Grammes. " Ounce = 31.1035 " " Pennyweight = 1.5522 " " Grain = .0648 " Apothecaries Weight. One Pound = 373.242 Grammes. " Ounce = 31.1035 " Dram 8.8779 " Scruple 1.296 " " Grain = .0648 " TABLE OF LOGARITHMS. LOGARITHMS. 169 TABLE OF LOGARITHMS FROM 1 TO 100. 1 0.00000 26 .41497 51 1.70757 76 .88081 2 0.30103 27 .43136 52 1.71600 77 .88649 3 0.47712 28 .44716 53 1.72428 78 .89209 4 0.60206 29 .46240 54 1.73239 79 .89763 5 0.69897 30 .47712 55 1.74036 80 .90309 6 0.77815 31 .49136 56 1.74819 81 .90849 7 0.84510 32 .50515 57 1.75587 82 .91381 8 0.90309 33 .51851 58 1.76343 83 .91908 9 0.95424 34 .53148 59 1.77085 84 1.92428 10 1.00000 35 .54407 60 1.77815 85 1.92942 11 .04139 36 .55630 61 1.78533 86 1.93450 12 .07918 37 .56820 62 1.79239 87 1.93952 13 .11394 38 .57978 63 1.79934 -88 1.94448 14 .14613 39 .59106 64 1.80618 89 1.94939 15 .17609 40 .60206 65 1.81291 90 1.95424 16 .20412 41 .61278 66 1.81954 91 1.95904 17 .23045 42 .62325 67 1.82607 92 1.96379 18 .25527 43 .63347 68 1.83251 93 1.96848 19 .27875 44 .64345 69 1.83885 94 1.97313 20 .30103 45 .65321 70 1.84510 95 1.97772 21 .32222 46 .66276 71 1.85126 96 1.98227 22 .34242 47 .67210 72 1.85733 97 1.98677 23 .36173 48 .68124 73 1.86332 98 1.99123 24 .38021 49 .69020 74 1.86923 99 1.99564 25 .39794 50 .69897 75 1.87506 100 2.00000 NOTE. In the following table the two leading figures in the first column of Logarithms are to be prefixed to all the numbers of the same horizontal line in the next nine columns, but when an asterisk (*) occurs, the two leading figures are to be taken from the next lower line. 170 LOGARITHMS. 1 3 3 ft 5 G 7 8 9 100 00000 043 087 130 173 217 260 303 346 389 101 432 475 518 561 604 647 689 732 775 817 102 860 903 945 988 *030 *072 *115 *157 *199 *242 103 01284 326 368 410 452 494 536 578 620 662 104 703 745 787 828 870 912 953 995 *036 *078 105 02119 160 202 243 284 325 366 407 449 490 106 531 572 612 653 694 735 776 816 857 898 107 938 979 *019 *060 *100 *141 *181 *222 *262 *302 108 03342 383 423 463 503 543 583 623 663 703 109 743 TS2 822 862 902 941 981 *021 *060 *100 110 04139 179 218 258 297 336 376 415 454 493 111 532 571 610 650 689 727 766 805 844 883 112 922 961 999 *038 *077 *115 *154 *192 *231 *269 113 05308 346 385 423 461 500 538 576 614 652 114 690 729 767 805 843 881 918 956 994 *032 115 06070 108 145 183 221 258 296 333 371 408 116 446 483 521 558 595 633 670 707 744 781 117 819 856 893 930 967 *004 *041 *078 *115 *151 118 07188 225 262 298 335 372 408 445 482 518 119 555 591 628 664 700 737 773 809 846 882 120 918 954 990 *027 *063 *099 *135 *171 *207 *243 121 08279 314 350 386 422 458 493 529 565 600 122 636 672 707 743 778 814 849 884 920 955 123 991 *026 *061 *096 *132 *167 *202 *237 *272 *307 124 09342 377 412 447 482 517 552 587 621 656 125 691 726 760 795 830 864 899 934 968 *003 126 10037 072 106 140 175 209 243 278 312 346 127 380 415 449 483 517 551 585 619 653 687 128 721 755 789 823 857 890 924 958 992 *025 129 11059 093 126 160 193 227 261 294 327 361 130 394 428 461 494 528 561 594 628 661 694 131 727 760 793 826 860 893 926 959 992 *024 132 12057 090 123 156 189 222 254 287 320 352 133 385 418 450 483 516 548 581 613 646 678 134 710 713 775 808 840 872 905 937 969 *001 135 13033 066 098 130 162 194 226 258 290 322 136 354 386 418 450 481 513 545 577 609 640 137 672 704 735 7G7 799 830 862 893 925 956 138 988 *019 *051 *082 *114 *145 *176 *208 *239 *270 139 14301 333 364 395 426 457 489 520 551 582 LOGARITHMS. 171 1 a 3 * 5 6 7 8 9 140 14G13 644 675 706 | 737 768 799 829 860 891 141 922 953 983 *014 *045 *076 *106 *137 *]98 142 15229 259 290 320 351 381 412 442 473 503 143 534 564 594 625 655 685 715 746 776 806 144 836 866 897 927 957 987 *017 *047 *077 *107 145 16137 167 197 227 256 286 316 346 376 406 146 435 465 495 524 554 584 613 643 673 702 147 732 761 791 820 850 879 909 938 967 997 148 17026 056 085 114 143 173 202 231 260 289 149 319 348 377 406 435 464 493 52-2 551 580 150 609 638 667 696 725 754 782 811 840 869 151 898 926 955 984 *013 *041 *070 *099 *127 *156 152 18184 213 241 270 298 327 355 384 412 441 153 469 498 526 554 583 611 639 667 696 724 154 752 780 808 837 865 893 921 949 977 *005 155 19033 061 089 117 145 173 201 229 257 285 156 312 340 368 396 424 451 479 507 535 562 157 590 618 645 673 700 728 756 783 811 838 158 866 893 921 948 976 *003 *030 *058 *085 *112 159 20140 167 194 222 249 276 303 330 358 385 160 412 439 466 493 520 548 575 602 629 656 161 683 710 737 763 790 817 844 871 898 925 162 952 978 *005 *032 *059 *085 *112 *139 *165 *192 163 21219 245 272 299 325 352 378 405 431 458 164 484 511 537 564 590 617 643 669 696 722 165 748 775 801 827 854 880 906 932 958 985 166 22011 037 063 089 115 141 167 194 220 246 167 272 298 324 350 376 401 427 453 479 505 168 531 557 583 608 634 660 686 712 737 763 169 789 814 840 866 891 917 943 968 994 *019 170 23045 070 096 121 147 172 198 223 249 274 171 300 325 350 376 401 426 452 477 502 528 172 553 578 603 629 654 679 704 729 754 779 173 805 830 855 880 905 930 955 980 *005 *030 174 24055 080 105 130 155 180 204 229 254 279 175 304 329 353 378 403 428 452 477 502 527 176 551 576 601 625 650 674 699 724 748 773 177 797 822 846 871 895 920 944 969 993 *018 178 25042 066 091 115 139 164 188 212 237 261 179 285 310 334 358 382 406 431 455 479 503 172 LOGARITHMS. 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 180 25527 551 575 600 624 648 672 696 720 744 181 768 792 816 840 864 888 912 935 959 983 182 26007 031 055 079 102 126 150 174 198 221 183 245 269 293 316 340 364 387 411 435 458 184 482 505 529 553 576 600 623 647 670 694 185 717 741 764 788 811 834 858 881 905 928 186 951 975 998 *021 *045 *OG8 *091 *114 *138 *161 187 27184 207 231 254 277 300 323 346 370 393 188 416 439 462 485 508 531 554 577 600 623 189 646 669 692 715 738 761 784 807 830 852 190 875 898 921 944 967 989 *012 *035 *058 *081 191 28103 126 149 171 194 217 240 262 285 307 192 330 353 375 398 421 443 466 488 511 533 193 556 578 601 623 646 668 691 713 735 758 194 780 803 825 847 870 892 914 937 959 981 195 29003 026 048 070 092 115 137 159 181 203 196 226 248 270 292 314 336 358 380 403 425 197 447 469 491 513 535 557 579 601 623 645 198 667 688 710 732 754 776 798 820 842 863 199 885 907 929 951 973 994 *016 *038 *060 *081 200 30103 125 146 168 190 211 233 255 276 298 201 320 341 363 384 406 428 449 471 492 514 202 535 557 578 600 621 643 664 685 707 728 203 750 771 792 814 835 856 878 899 920 942 204 963 984 *006 *027 *048 *069 *091 *112 *133 *154 205 31175 197 218 239 260 281 302 323 345 366 206 387 408 429 450 471 492 513 534 555 576 207 597 618 639 660 681 702 723 744 765 785 208 806 827 848 869 890 911 931 952 973 994 209 32015 035 056 077 098 118 139 160 181 201 210 222 243 263 284 305 325 346 366 387 408 211 428 449 469 490 510 531 552 572 593 613 212 634 654 675 695 715 736 756 777 797 818 213 838 858 879 899 919 940 960 980 *001 *021 214 33041 062 082 102 122 143 163 183 203 224 215 244 264 284 304 325 345 365 385 405 425 216 445 465 486 506 526 546 566 586 606 626 217 646 666 686 706 726 746 766 786 806 826 218 846 866 885 905 925 945 965 985 *005 *025 219 ,34044 064 084 104 124 143 163 183 203 223 LOGARITHMS. 173 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 220 34242 262 282 301 321 341 361 380 400 420 221 439 459 479 498 518 537 557 577 596 616 222 635 655 674 694 713 733 753 772 792 811 223 830 850 869 889 908 928 947 967 986 *005 *24 35025 044 064 083 102 122 141 160 180 199 225 218 238 257 276 295 315 334 353 372 392 226 411 430 449 468 488 507 526 545 564 583 2-27 603 622 641 660 679 698 717 736 755 774 228 793 813 832 851 870 889 908 927 946 965 229 984 *003 *021 *040 *059 *078 *097 *116 *135 *154 230 36173 192 211 229 248 267 286 305 324 342 231 361 380 399 418 436 455 474 493 511 530 232 549 568 586 605 624 642 661 680 698 717 233 736 754 773 791 810 829 847 866 884 903 234 922 940 959 977 996 *014 *033 *051 *070 *088 285 37107 125 144 162 181 199 218 236 254 273 236 291 310 328 346 365 383 401 420 438 457 237 475 493 511 530 548 566 585 603 621 639 238 658 676 694 712 731 749 767 785 803 822 239 840 858 876 894 912 931 949 967 985 *003 240 38021 039 057 075 093 112 130 148 166 184 241 202 220 238 256 274 292 310 328 346 364 242 382 399 417 435 453 471 489 507 525 543 243 561 578 596 614 632 650 668 686 703 721 244 739 757 775 792 810 828 846 863 881 899 245 917 934 952 970 987 *005 *023 *041 *058 *076 246 39094 111 129 146 164 182 199 217 235 252 247 270 287 305 322 340 358 375 393 410 428 248 445 463 480 498 515 533 550 568 585 602 249 620 637 655 672 690 707 724 742 759 777 250 794 811 829 846 863 881 898 915 933 950 251 967 *002 019 *037 *054 *071 *088 *106 *123 2.V2 40140 157 175 192 209 226 243 261 278 295 253 312 329 346 364 381 398 415 432 449 466 254 483 500 518 535 552 569 586 603 620 637 255 654 671 688 705 722 739 756 773 790 807 256 824 841 858 875 909 926 943 960 976 25 7 993 *010 *027 *044 *inU *078 *095 *111 *128 *145 258 411G2 179 196 212 229 246 263 280 296 313 259 330 347 363 380 397 414 430 447 464 481 174 LOGARITHMS. 1 a 3 4 5 7 8 9 260 41497 514 53] 547 564 581 597 614 631 647 261 664 681 697 714 731 747 764 780 797 814 262 830 847 863 880 896 913 929 946 963 979 263 996 *012 *029 *045 *062 *078 *095 *111 *127 *144 264 42160 177 193 210 226 243 259 275 292 308 265 325 341 357 374 390 406 423 439 455 -172 266 488 504 521 537 553 570 586 602 619 635 267 651 667 684 700 716 732 749 765 781 797 268 813 830 846 862 878 894 911 927 943 959 269 975 991 *008 *024 *040 *056 *072 *088 *104 *120 270 43136 152 169 185 201 217 233 249 265 281 271 297 313 329 345 361 377 393 409 425 441 272 457 473 489 505 521 537 553 569 584 600 273 616 632 648 664 680 696 712 727 743 759 274 775 791 807 823 838 854 870 886 902 917 275 933 949 965 981 996 *012 *028 *044 *059 *075 276 44091 107 122 138 154 170 185 201 217 232 277 248 264 279 295 311 326 342 358 373 389 278 404 420 436 451 467 483 498 514 529 545 279 560 576 592 607 623 638 654 669 685 700 280 716 731 747 762 778 793 809 824 840 855 281 871 886 902 917 932 948 963 979 994 *010 282 45025 040 056 071 086 102 117 133 148 163 283 179 194 209 225 240 255 271 286 301 317 284 332 347 362 378 393 408 423 439 454 469 285 484 500 515 530 545 561 576 591 606 621 286 637 652 667 682 697 712 728 743 758 773 287 788 803 818 834 849 864 879 894 909 924 288 939 954 969 984 *000 *015 *030 *045 *060 *075 289 46090 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 290 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 359 374 291 389 404 419 434 449 464 479 494 509 523 292 538 553 568 583 598 613 627 642 657 672 293 687 702 :n; 7;n 746 761 776 790 805 820 294 835 850 864 879 894 909 923 938 953 967 295 982 997 *012 *026 *041 *056 *070 *085 *100 *114 296 47129 1 1 1 159 173 188 202 217 232 246 261 > ( M 276 290 305 319 334 349 363 378 392 407 298 422 436 451 465 480 494 509 524 538 ;>:>:\ 299 567 582 596 611 625 640 <;:> i 669 683 698 LOGARITHMS. 175 1 3 3 4 5 ft 7 8 9 300 47712 727 741 756 770 784 799 813 828 842 301 857 871 885 900 914 929 943 958 972 986 302 48001 015 029 044 058 073 087 101 116 130 303 144 159 173 187 202 216 230 244 259 273 304 287 302 316 330 344 359 373 387 401 416 305 430 444 458 473 487 501 516 530 544 558 306 572 i 586 601 615 629 643 657 671 686 700 307 714 728 742 756 770 785 799 813 827 841 308 855 869 883 897 911 926 940 954 968 982 309 996 *010 *024 *038 *052 *066 *080 *094 *108 *122 310 49136 150 164 178 192 206 220 234 248 262 311 276 290 304 318 332 346 360 374 388 402 312 415 429 443 457 471 485 499 513 527 541 313 554 568 582 596 610 624 638 651 665 679 314 693 707 721 734 748 762 776 790 803 817 315 831 845 859 872 886 900 914 927 941 955 316 969 982 996 *010 *024 *037 *051 *065 *079 *092 317 50106 120 133 147 161 174 188 202 215 229 318 243 256 270 284 297 311 325 338 352 365 319 379 393 406 420 433 447 461 474 488 501 320 515 529 542 556 569 583 596 610 623 637 321 651 664 678 691 705 718 732 745 759 772 322 786 799 813 826 840 853 866 880 893 907 323 920 934 947 961 974 987 *001 *014 *028 *041 324 51055 068 081 095 108 121 135 148 162 175 325 188 202 215 228 242 255 268 282 295 308 326 322 335 348 362 375 388 402 415 428 441 327 455 468 481 495 508 521 534 548 561 574 328 587 601 614 627 640 654 667 680 693 706 329 720 733 746 759 772 786 799 812 B*f 838 330 851 865 878 891 904 917 930 943 957 970 331 983 996 *009 *022 *035 *048 *061 *075 *088 101 332 52114 127 140 153 166 179 192 205 218 231 3.33 244 257 270 284 297 310 323 336 349 362 334 375 388 401 414 427 440 453 466 479 492 335 504 517 530 543 556 569 582 595 608 621 336 634 647 660 673 686 699 711 724 737 750 337 763 776 789 802 815 827 840 853 866 879 338 892 905 917 930 943 956 969 982 994 007 339 53020 033 046 058 071 084 097 110 122 135 17G LOGARITHMS. 1 a 3 l 5 6 r 8 340 53148 161 173 186 199 212 224 237 250 _><;:{ 34 i 275 288 301 314 326 339 352 364 377 390 342 403 415 428 441 453 466 479 491 504 517 343 529 542 555 567 580 598 605 618 $31 648 344 656 668 681 694 706 719 732 744 757 76$ 345 782 794 807 820 832 845 857 870 882 895 346 908 920 933 945 958 970 983 995 *008 020 347 54033 045 058 070 083 095 108 120 133 145 348 158 170 183 195 208 220 233 245 258 270 349 283 295 307 320 332 345 357 370 382 394 350 407 419 432 444 456 469 481 494 506 518 351 531 543 555 568 580 593 605 617 630 642 352 654 667 679 691 704 716 728 741 753 765 353 111 790 802 814 827 839 851 864 876 888 354 900 913 925 937 949 962 974 986 998 *011 355 55023 035 047 060 072 084 096 108 121 133 356 145 157 169 182 194 206 218 230 242 255 357 267 279 291 303 315 328 340 352 364 376 358 388 400 413 425 437 449 461 473 485 497 359 509 522 534 546 558 570 582 594 606 618 360 630 642 654 666 678 691 703 715 727 739 361 751 763 775 787 799 811 823 835 847 859 362 871 883 895 907 919 931 943 955 967 97!) 363 991 *003 *015 *027 *038 *050 *062 *074 *086 *098 364 56110 122 134 146 158 170 182 194 205 217 365 229 241 253 265 277 289 301 312 324 336 366 348 360 372 384 396 407 419 431 443 455 367 467 478 490 502 514 526 538 549 561 573 368 585 597 608 620 632 644 656 667 679 691 369 703 714 726 738 750 761 773 785 797 808 . 370 820 832 844 855 867 879 891 902 914 926 371 937 949 961 972 984 996 *008 *019 *031 *043 372 57054 066 078 089 101 113 124 136 148 159 373 171 183 194 206 217 229 241 258 264 276 374 287 299 310 322 334 345 357 368 380 392 375 403 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365 375 385 395 404 414 424 431 441 444 454 464 473 483 493 503 513 523 5:12 442 542 552 562 572 582 591 601 611 621 631 443 640 650 660 670 680 689 699 709 719 729 444 738 748 758 768 777 787 797 807 816 826 445 836 846 856 865 875 885 895 904 914 924 446 933 943 953 963 972 982 992 *002 *011 *021 447 65031 040 050 060 070 079 089 099 108 118 448 128 137 147 157 167 176 186 196 205 215 449 225 234 244 254 263 273 283 292 302 312 450 321 331 341 350 360 369 379 389 398 408 451 418 427 437 447 456 466 475 485 495 504 452 514 523 533 543 552 562 571 581 591 600 453 610 619 629 639 648 658 667 677 686 696 454 706 715 725 734 744 753 763 772 782 792 455 801 811 820 830 839 849 858 868 877 887 456 896 906 916 925 935 944 954 963 973 982 457 992 *001 *011 *020 *030 *OS9 *049 *058 *068 *077 458 66087 096 106 115 124 134 143 153 162 172 459 181 191 200 210 219 229 238 247 257 266 LOGARITHMS. 179 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 400 66276 285 295 304 314 323 332 342 351 361 461 370 380 389 398 403 417 427 436 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502 511 520 529 538 547 556 565 485 574 583 592 601 610 619 628 637 646 655 486 664 673 681 690 699 708 717 726 735 744 4S7 753 762 771 780 789 797 806 815 824 833 488 842 851 860 869 878 886 895 904 913 922 489 931 940 949 958 966 975 984 993 *002 *011 490 69020 028 037 046 055 064 073 082 090 099 491 108 117 126 135 144 152 161 170 179 188 492 197 205 214 223 232 241 249 258 267 276 493 285 294 302 311 320 329 .338 346 355 364 494 373 381 390 399 408 417 425 434 443 452 495 461 469 478 487 496 504 513 522 531 539 496 548 557 566 574 583 592 601 609 618 627 497 636 644 653 662 671 679 688 697 705 714 4!>S 7 2.> 732 740 749 758 767 775 784 793 801 499 810 819 827 836 845 854 862 871 880 888 180 LOGARITHMS. 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 500 69897 906 914 923 932 940 949 958 %0 975 501 984 992 *001 *010 *018 *027 *036 #044 *053 *0fi2 502 70070 079 088 096 105 114 122 131 140 148 503 157 165 174 183 191 200 209 217 226 234 504 243 252 260 269 278 286 295 303 312 321 505 329 338 346 355 364 372 381 389 398 406 506 415 424 432 441 449 458 467 475 484 492 507 501 509 518 526 535 544 552 561 569 578 508 586 595 603 612 621 629 638 646 655 663 509 672 680 689 697 706 714 723 731 740 749 510 757 766 774 783 791 800 808 817 825 834 511 842 851 859 868 876 885 893 902 910 919 512 927 935 944 952 961 969 978 986 995 *003 513 71012 020 029 037 046 054 063 071 079 088 514 096 105 113 122 130 139 147 155 164 172 515 181 189 198 206 214 223 231 240 248 257 516 265 273 282 290 299 307 315 324 332 341 517 349 357 366 374 383 391 399 408 416 425 518 433 541 450 458 466 475 483 492 500 508 519 517 525 533 542 550 559 567 575 584 592 520 600 609 617 625 634 642 650 1>59 667 675 521 684 692 700 709 717 725 734 742 750 759 522 767 775 784 792 800 809 817 825 834 1 842 523 850 858 867 875 883 892 900 908 917 1 925 524 933 941 950 958 966 975 983 991 999 *008 525 72016 024 032 041 049 057 066 074 082 090 526 099 107 115 123 132 140 148 156 165 173 527 181 189 198 206 214 222 230 239 247 255 528 263 272 280 288 296 304 313 321 329 337 529 346 354 362 370 378 387 395 403 411 419 530 428 436 444 452 460 469 477 485 493 501 531 509 518 526 534 542 550 558 567 575 583 532 591 599 607 616 624 632 640 648 656 (565 533 673 681 689 697 705 713 722 730 738 746 534 754 762 770 779 787 795 803 811 819 827 535 835 843 852 860 868 876 884 892 900 908 536 916 925 933 941 949 957 965 973 981 989 537 997 *006 *014 *022 *030 *038 *046 *054 062 *070 :>:?8 73078 086 094 102 111 119 127 135 143 151 539 159 167 175 183 191 199 207 215 223 231 LOGARITHMS. 181 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 540 73239 247 255 263 272 280 288 296 304 312 541 320 328 336 344 352 360 368 376 384 392 542 400 408 416 424 432 440 448 456 464 472 543 480 488 496 504 512 520 528 536 544 552 544 560 568 576 584 592 600 608 616 624 632 545 640 648 656 664 672 679 687 695 703 711 546 719 727 735 743 751 759 767 775 783 791 547 799 807 815 823 830 838 846 854 862 870 548 878 886 894 902 910 918 926 933 941 949 549 957 965 973 981 989 997 *005 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740 747 755 762 770 778 785 793 800 808 573 815 823 831 838 846 853 861 868 876 884 574 891 899 906 914 921 929 937 944 952 959 575 967 974 982 989 997 *005 *012 *020 *027 *035 576 76042 050 057 065 072 080 087 095 103 110 577 118 125 133 140 148 155 163 170 178 185 578 193 200 208 215 223 230 238 245 253 260 579 268 275 283 290 298 305 313 320 328 335 182 LOGARITHMS. o 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 580 76343 350 358 365 373 380 388 395 403 410 581 418 425 433 440 448 455 462 470 477 485 582 492 500 507 515 522 530 537 545 552 559 583 567 574 582 589 597 604 612 619 626 634 584 641 649 656 664 671 678 OS G 693 701 708 585 716 723 730 738 745 753 760 768 775 782 586 790 797 805 812 819 827 834 842 849 856 587 864 871 879 886 893 901 908 916 929 936 588 938 945 953 960 967 975 982 989 997 *0()4 589 77012 019 026 034 041 048 056 063 070 078 590 085 093 100 107 115 122 129 137 144 ir>i 591 159 166 173 181 188 195 203 210 217 225 592 232 240 247 254 262 269 276 283 291 298 593 305 313 320 327 335 342 349 357 364 371 594 379 386 393 401 408 415 422 430 437 1 11 595 452 459 466 474 481 488 495 503 510 517 596 525 532 539 546 554 561 568 576 583 590 597 597 605 612 619 627 634 641 648 656 663 598 670 677 685 692 699 706 714 721 728 735 599 743 750 757 764 772 779 786 793 801 808 600 815 822 830 837 844 851 859 866 873 880 601 887 895 902 909 916 924 931 938 945 952 602 960 967 974 981 988 996 *003 *010 *017 *025 603 78032 039 046 053 061 068 075 082 (IS!) 097 604 104 111 118 125 132 140 147 154 161 168 605 176 183 190 197 204 211 219 226 233 240 606 247 254 262 269 276 283 290 297 305 312 607 319 326 333 340 347 355 362 369 376 383 608 390 398 405 412 419 426 433 440 447 455 609 462 469 476 483 490 497 504 512 519 526 610 533 540 547 554 561 569 576 583 590 597 611 604 611 618 625 633 640 647 654 661 668 612 675 682 689 696 704 711 718 725 732 739 613 746 753 760 767 774 781 789 796 80S 810 614 817 824 831 838 845 852 859 866 873 880 615 888 895 902 909 916 923 930 937 !UI 9, 51 616 958 965 972 979 986 993 *000 *007 *014 *021 617 79029 036 043 050 057 064 071 078 085 092 618 099 106 113 120 127 134 141 148 i f,r> 162 619 169 176 183 190 197 204 211 218 225 232 LOGARITHMS. 183 1 3 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 620 79239 216 253 260 267 274 281 288 295 302 621 309 316 323 330 337 344 351 358 365 372 622 379 386 393 400 407 414 421 428 435 442 623 449 456 463 470 477 484 491 498 505 511 624 518 525 532 539 546 553 560 567 574 581 8*6 588 595 602 609 616 623 630 637 644 650 62G 657 G64 671 678 685 692 699 706 713 720 S27 727 734 741 748 754 761 768 775 782 789 628 796 i 803 810 817 824 831 837 844 851 858 629 865 872 879 886 893 900 906 913 920 927 630 934 941 948 955 962 969 975 982 989 996 631 80003 010 017 024 030 037 044 051 058 065 632 072 079 085 092 099 106 113 120 127 134 633 140 147 154 161 168 175 182 188 195 202 63-i 209 216 223 229 236 243 250 257 264 271 635 277 284 291 298 305 312 318 325 332 339 63(J 346 353 359 366 373 380 387 393 400 407 637 414 421 428 434 441 448 455 462 468 475 638 482 489 496 502 509 516 523 530 536 543 639 550 557 564 570 577 584 591 598 604 611 640 618 625 632 638 645 652 659 665 672 679 641 686 693 699 706 713 720 726 733 740 747 642 754 760 767 774 781 787 794 801 808 814 643 821 828 835 841 848 855 862 868 8/5 882 644 889 895 902 909 916 922 929 936 943 949 645 956 963 969 976 983 990 996 *003 *010 *017 646 81023 030 037 043 050 057 064 070 077 084 647 090 097 104 111 117 124 131 137 144 151 648 158 164 171 178 184 191 198 204 211 218 649 224 231 238 245 251 258 265 271 278 285 650 291 298 305 311 318 325 331 338 345 351 651 358 365 371 378 385 391 398 405 411 418 652 425 431 438 445 451 458 465 471 478 4 So 653 491 498 505 511 518 525 531 538 544 551 654 558 564 571 578 584 591 598 604 611 617 655 624 631 637 644 651 657 664 671 677 (184 656 690 697 704 710 717 723 730 737 743 750 657 757 763 770 776 783 790 796 803 809 81 G 658 823 829 836 842 849 856 862 869 875 882 659 889 895 902 908 915 921 928 935 941 948 184 LOGARITHMS. 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 660 81954 961 968 974 981 987 994 *0( 403 410 661 82020 027 033 040 046 053 060 OG : ;? 7 , 485 662 086 092 099 105 112 119 125 131 5o ? 559 663 151 158 164 171 178 184 191 197 20-* 634 664 217 223 230 236 243 249 256 263 ( J 708 665 282 289 295 302 308 315 321 o 9l 775 O Zi . n i n 7S2 666 347 354 360 367 373 380 387 on- s !l O J r> . _ _ - 856 667 413 419 426 432 439 445 452 458. 923 930 668 478 484 491 497 504 510 517 52 997 *004 669 543 549 556 562 569 575 582 58 070 078 670 607 614 620 627 633 640 646 65 144 151 671 672 679 685 692 698 705 711 7 It 217 225 672 737 743 750 756 763 769 776 78"! 291 298 673 802 808 814 821 827 834 840 84 ," 364 371 674 866 872 879 885 892 898 905 9K U437 444 675 930 937 943 950 956 963 969 975 982 988 676 995 *001 *008 *014 *020 *027 *033 *040 *046 *052 677 83059 065 072 078 085 091 097 104 110 117 678 123 129 136 142 149 155 161 168 174 181 679 187 193 200 206 213 219 225 23^ 238 245 680 251 257 264 270 276 283 289 296 302 308 681 315 321 327 334 340 347 353 359 366 372 682 378 385 391 398 404 410 417 423 429 436 683 442 448 455 461 467 474 480 487 493 499 684 506 512 518 525 531 537 544 550 556 563 685 569 575 582 588 594 601 607 613 620 626 686 632 639 645 651 658 664 670 677 683 689 687 696 702 708 715 721 727 734 740 746 753 688 759 765 771 778 784 790 797 803 809 816 689 822 828 835 841 847 853 860 866 872 879 690 885 891 897 904 910 916 923 929 935 942 691 948 954 960 967 973 979 985 992 998 *004 692 84011 017 023 029 036 042 048 055 061 067 693 073 080 086 092 098 105 111 117 123 130 694 136 142 148 155 161 167 173 180 186 192 605 198 205 211 217 223 230 236 242 248 255 696 261 267 273 280 2<S6 292 298 305 311 317 697 323 330 336 342 348 354 361 367 373 379 698 386 392 398 404 410 417 423 429 435 442 699 448 454 460 466 473 479 485 491 497 504 LOGARITHMS. 185 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 620 70939 i6 522 528 535 541 547 553 559 566 6 21 :. 78 584 590 597 603 609 615 621 628 V) JL )-) (40 646 652 658 665 671 627 683 689 t)/^ 023 . U 702 708 714 720 726 733 739 745 751 624 r *7 i 763 770 776 782 788 794 800 807 813 625 58, S25 831 837 844 850 856 862 868 874 626 6-- 387 893 899 905 911 917 924 930 936 (> 2 7 -., 948 954 960 967 973 979 985 991 997 628 79C 009 016 022 028 034 040 046 052 058 629 86c ?! 077 083 089 095 101 107 114 120 630 93J - 22 138 144 150 156 163 169 175 181 631 80003 * 93 199 205 211 217 224 230 236 242 632 07:254 260 266 272 278 285 291 297 303 633 I4f w 321 327 333 339 345 352 358 364 634 2 876 382 388 394 400 406 412 418 425 431 437 443 449 455 461 467 473 479 485 716 491 497 503 509 516 522 528 534 540 546 717 552 558 564 570 576 582 588 594 600 606 718 612 618 625 631 637 643 649 655 661 667 719 673 679 685 691 697 703 709 715 721 727 720 733 739 745 751 757 763 769 775 781 788 721 794 800 806 812 818 824 830 836 842 848 722 854 860 866 872 878 884 890 896 902 908 723 914 920 926 932 938 944 950 956 962 968 724 974 980 986 992 998 *004 *010 *016 *022 *028 725 86034 040 046 052 058 064 070 076 082 088 726 094 100 106 112 118 124 130 136 141 147 727 153 159 165 171 177 183 189 195 201 207 728 213 219 225 231 237 243 249 255 261 267 729 273 279 285 291 297 303 308 314 320 326 730 332 338 344 350 356 362 368 374 380 386 731 392 398 404 410 415 421 427 433 439 445 732 451 457 463 469 475 481 487 493 499 504 733 510 516 522 528 534 540 546 552 558 564 734 570 576 581 587 593 599 605 611 617 623 735 629 635 641 646 652 658 664 670 676 682 736 688 694 700 705 711 717 723 729 735 741 737 747 753 759 764 770 776 782 788 794 800 738 806 812 817 823 829 835 841 847 853 859 739 864 870 876 882 888 894 900 906 911 917 186 LOGARITHMS. I 3 3 * 5 6 7 8 9 740 86923 929 935 941 947 953 958 964 970 976 741 982 988 994 999 *005 *011 *017 *023 *029 *035 742 87040 046 052 058 064 070 075 081 087 093 743 099 105 111 116 122 128 134 140 146 151 744 157 163 169 175 181 186 192 198 204 210 745 216 221 227 233 239 245 251 256 262 268 746 274 280 286 291 297 303 309 315 320 326 747 332 338 344 349 355 361 367 373 379 384 748 390 396 402 408 413 419 425 431 437 442 749 448 454 460 466 471 477 483 489 495 500 750 506 512 518 523 529 535 541 547 552 558 751 564 570 576 581 587 593 599 604 610 616 752 622 628 633 639 645 651 656 662 668 674 753 679 685 691 697 703 708 714 720 726 731 754 737 743 749 754 760 766 772 777 783 789 755 795 800 806 812 818 823 829 835 841 846 756 852 858 864 869 875 881 887 992 898 904 757 910 915 921 927 933 938 944 950 955 961 758 967 973 978 984 990 996 *001 *007 *013 *018 759 88024 030 036 041 047 053 058 064 070 076 760 081 087 093 098 104 110 116 121 127 133 761 138 144 150 156 161 167 173 178 184 190 762 195 201 207 213 218 224 230 235 241 247 763 252 258 264 270 275 281 287 292 298 304 764 309 315 321 326 332 338 343 349 355 360 765 366 372 377 383 389 395 400 406 412 417 766 423 429 434 440 446 451 457 463 468 474 767 480 485 491 497 502 508 513 519 525 530 768 536 542 547 553 559 504 570 576 581 587 769 593 598 604 610 615 621 627 632 638 643 770 649 655 660 666 672 677 683 689 694 700 771 705 711 717 722 728 734 739 745 750 756 772 762 767 773 779 784 790 795 801 807 812 773 818 824 829 835 840 846 852 857 863 868 774 874 880 885 891 897 902 908 913 919 925 775 930 936 941 947 953 958 964 969 975 981 776 986 992 997 *003 *009 *014 *020 *025 *031 *o:57 777 89042 048 053 059 064 070 076 081 087 092 778 098 104 109 115 120 126 131 137 143 118 779 154 159 165 170 176 182 187 193 198 204 LOGARITHMS. 187 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 780 89209 215 221 226 232 237 243 248 254 260 781 265 271 276 282 287 293 298 304 310 315 782 321 326 332 337 343 348 354 360 365 371 783 376 382 387 393 398 404 409 415 421 426 784 432 437 443 448 454 459 465 470 476 481 785 487 492 498 504 509 515 520 526 531 537 786 542 548 553 559 564 570 575 581 586 592 787 597 603 609 614 620 625 631 636 642 647 788 653 658 664 669 675 680 686 691 697 702 789 708 713 719 724 730 735 741 746 752 757 790 763 768 774 779 785 790 796 801 807 812 791 818 823 829 834 840 845 851 856 862 867 .792 873 878 883 889 894 900 905 911 916 922 793 927 933 938 944 949 955 960 966 971 977 794 982 988 993 998 *004 *009 *015 *020 *026 *031 795 90037 042 048 053 059 064 069 075 080 086 796 091 097 102 108 113 119 124 129 135 140 797 146 151 157 162 168 173 179 184 189 195 798 200 206 211 217 222 227 233 238 244 249 799 255 260 266 271 276 282 287 293 298 304 800 309 314 320 325 331 336 342 347 352 358 801 363 369 374 380 385 390 396 401 407 412 802 417 423 428 434 339 445 450 455 461 466 803 472 477 482 488 493 499 504 509 515 520 804 526 531 536 542 547 553 558 563 569 574 805 580 585 590 596 601 607 612 617 623 628 806 634 639 644 650 655 660 666 671 677 682 807 687 693 698 703 709 714 720 725 730 736 808 741 747 752 757 763 768 773 779 784 789 809 795 800 806 811 816 822 827 832 838 843 810 849 854 859 865 870 875 881 886 891 897 811 902 907 913 818 924 929 934 940 945 950 812 956 961 966 972 977 982 988 993 998 *004 813 91009 014 020 025 030 036 041 046 052 057 814 062 068 073 078 084 089 094 100 105 110 815 116 121 126 132 137 142 148 153 158 164 816 169 174 180 185 190 196 201 206 212 217 817 222 228 233 238 243 249 254 259 265 270 818 275 281 386 291 297 302 307 312 318 323 819 328 334 339 344 350 355 360 365 371 376 188 LOGARITHMS. 1 3 3 5 | 7 8 9 820 91381 387 392 397 403 408 413 418 424 429 821 434 440 445 450 455 461 466 471 477 482 822 487 492 498 503 508 514 519 524 529 535 823 540 545 551 556 561 566 572 577 582 587 824 593 598 603 609 614 619 624 630 635 640 825 645 651 656 661 666 672 677 682 687 693 826 698 703 709 714 719 724 730 735 740 745 827 751 756 761 766 772 777 782 787 793 798 828 803 808 814 819 824 829 834 840 845 850 829 855 861 866 871 876 882 887 892 897 903 830 908 913 918 924 929 934 939 944 950 955 831 960 965 971 976 981 986 991 997 *002 *007 832 92012 018 023 028 033 038 044 049 054 059 833 065 070 075 080 085 091 096 101 106 111 834 117 122 127 132 137 143 148 153 158 163 835 169 174 179 184 189 195 200 205 210 215 836 221 226 231 236 241 247 252 257 262 267 837 273 278 283 288 293 298 304 309 314 319 838 324 330 335 340 345 350 355 361 366 371 839 376 381 387 392 397 402 407 412 418 423 840 428 433 438 443 449 454 459 464 469 474 841 480 485 490 495 500 505 511 516 521 526 842 531 536 542 547 552 557 562 567 572 578 843 583 588 593 598 603 609 614 619 624 629 844 634 639 645 650 655 660 665 670 675 681 845 686 691 696 701 706 711 716 722 727 732 846 737 742 747 752 758 763 768 773 778 783 847 788 793 799 804 809 814 819 824 829 834 848 840 845 850 855 860 865 870 875 881 886 849 891 896 901 906 911 916 921 927 932 937 850 942 947 952 957 962 967 973 978 983 988 851 993 998 *003 *008 *013 *018 *024 *029 *034 *039 852 93044 049 054 059 064 069 075 080 085 090 853 095 100 105 110 115 120 125 131 136 141 854 146 151 156 161 166 171 176 181 186 192 855 197 202 207 212 217 222 227 232 237 242 856 247 252 258 263 268 273 278 283 288 293 857 298 303 308 313 318 323 328 334 339 344 858 349 354 359 364 369 374 379 384 389 394 859 399 404 409 414 420 425 430 435 440 445 LOGARITHMS. 180 1 3 3 4 5 7 8 9 860 93450 455 460 465 470 475 480 I 485 490 495 861 500 505 510 515 520 526 531 ! 536 541 546 862 551 556 561 566 571 576 581 i 586 591 596 863 601 606 611 616 621 626 631 636 641 646 864 651 56 661 666 671 676 682 687 692 Gl>7 865 702 707 712 717 722 727 732 737 742 747 866 75) 757 762 767 772 777 782 787 792 797 867 802 807 812 817 822 827 832 837 842 847 868 852 857 862 867 872 877 882 887 892 897 869 902 907 912 917 922 927 932 937 942 947 870 952 957 962 967 972 977 982 987 992 997 871 94002 007 012 017 022 027 032 037 042 047 872 052 057 062 067 072 077 082 086 091 096 873 101 roe 111 116 121 126 131 136 141 146 874 151 156 161 166 171 176 181 186 191 196 875 201 206 211 216 221 226 231 236 240 245 876 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 877 300 305 310 315 320 325 330 335 340 345 878 349 354 359 364 369 374 379 384 389 394 879 399 404 409 414 419 424 429 433 438 443 880 448 453 458 463 468 473 478 483 488 493 881 498 503 507 512 517 522 527 532 537 542 882 547 552 557 562 567 571 576 581 586 591 883 596 601 606 611 616 721 626 630 635 640 884 645 650 655 660 665 670 675 680 685 689 885 694 699 704 709 714 719 724 729 734 738 886 743 748 753 758 763 768 773 778 783 787 887 792 797 802 807 812 817 822 827 832 836 888 841 846 851 856 861 866 871 876 880 885 889 890 895 900 905 910 915 919 924 929 934 890 939 944 949 954 959 963 968 073 978 983 891 988 993 998 *002 *007 *012 *017 *022 *027 *032 892 95036 041 046 051 056 061 Otfii 071 075 080 893 085 090 095 100 105 109 114 119 124 129 894 134 139 143 148 153 158 163 168 173 177 895 182 187 192 197 202 207 211 216 2-21 226 896 231 236 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 274 897 279 284 289 294 299 303 308 313 318 423 898 328 S*J 337 342 347 352 357 361 366 371 899 376 381 386 390 395 400 405 410 415 419 100 LOGARITHMS. o 1 a 3 1 5 G 7 8 900 95424 429 434 439 444 448 453 458 463 468 901 472 477 482 487 492 497 501 506 511 516 902 521 525 530 535 540 545 550 554 559 564 903 569 574 578 583 588 593 598 602 607 612 904 617 622 626 631 636 641 646 650 655 660 905 665 670 674 679 684 689 694 698 703 708 906 713 718 722 727 732 737 742 746 751 756 907 761 766 770 775 780 785 789 794 799 804 908 809 813 818 823 828 832 837 842 847 852 909 856 861 866 871 875 880 885 890 895 899 910 904 909 914 918 923 928 933 938 942 947 911 952 957 961 966 971 976 980 985 990 995 912 999 *004 *009 *014 *019 *023 *028 *033 *038 *042 913 96047 052 057 061 066 071 076 080 085 090 914 095 099 104 109 114 118 123 128 133 137 915 142 147 152 156 161 166 171 175 180 185 916 190 194 199 204 209 213 218 223 227 232 917 237 242 246 251 256 261 265 270 275 280 918 284 289 294 298 303 308 313 317 322 327 919 332 336 341 346 350 355 360 365 369 374 920 379 384 388 393 398 402 407 412 417 421 921 426 431 435 440 445 450 454 459 464 468 922 473 478 483 487 492 497 501 506 511 515 923 520 525 530 534 539 544 548 553 558 562 924 567 572 577 581 586 591 595 600 605 609 925 614 619 624 628 633 638 642 647 652 656 926 661 666 670 675 680 685 689 694 699 703 927 708 713 717 722 727 731 736 741 745 750 928 755 759 764 769 774 778 783 788 792 797 929 802 806 811 816 820 825 830 834 839 844 930 848 853 858 862 867 872 876 881 886 890 931 895 900 904 909 914 918 923 928 932 937 932 942 946 951 956 960 965 970 974 979 984 933 988 993 997 *002 *007 *011 *016 *021 *025 *030 934 97035 039 044 049 053 058 063 067 072 077 935 081 086 090 095 100 104 109 114 118 123 936 128 132 137 142 146 151 155 160 165 169 937 174 179 183 188 192 197 202 206 211 216 938 220 225 230 234 239 243 248 253 257 262 939 267 271 276 280 285 290 294 299 304 308 LOGARITHMS. 191 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 940 97313 317 322 327 331 336 340 345 350 354 941 359 364 368 373 377 382 387 391 396 400 942 405 410 414 419 424 428 433 437 442 447 943 451 456 460 465 470 474 479 483 488 493 944 497 502 506 511 516 520 525 529 534 539 945 543 548 552 557 562 566 571 575 580 585 946 589 594 598 603 607 612 617 621 626 630 947 635 640 644 649 653 658 663 667 672 676 948 681 685 690 695 699 704 708 713 717 722 949 727 731 736 740 745 749 754 759 763 768 950 772 777 782 786 791 795 800 804 809 813 951 818 823 827 832 836 841 845 850 855 859 952 864 868 873 877 882 886 891 896 900 905 953 909 914 918 923 928 932 937 941 946 950 954 955 959 964 968 973 978 982 987 991 996 955 98000 005 009 014 019 023 028 032 037 041 956 046 050 055 959 064 068 073 078 082 087 957 091 096 100 105 109 114 118 123 127 132 958 137 141 146 150 155 159 164 168 173 177 959 182 186 191 195 200 204 209 214 218 223 960 227 232 236 241 245 250 254 259 2G3 268 961 272 277 281 286 290 295 299 304 308 313 962 318 322 327 331 336 340 345 349 354 358 963 363 367 372 376 381 385 390 394 399 403 964 408 412 417 421 426 430 435 439 444 448 965 453 457 462 466 471 475 480 484 489 493 966 498 502 507 511 516 520 525 529 534 538 967 543 547 552 556 561 565 570 574 579 583 968 588 592 597 601 605 610 614 6l9 623 628 969 632 637 641 646 650 655 659 664 668 673 970 677 682 686 691 695 700 704 709 713 717 971 722 726 731 735 740 744 749 753 758 762 ;;_> 767 771 776 780 784 789 793 798 802 807 973 811 816 820 825 829 834 838 843 847 851 974 856 860 865 869 874 878 883 887 892 896 975 900 905 909 914 918 923 927 932 936 941 976 945 949 954 958 963 967 972 976 981 985 977 989 994 998 *003 *007 *012 *016 *021 *025 *029 978 99034 038 043 047 052 056 061 065 069 074 979 078 083 087 092 096 100 105 109 114 118 192 LOGARITHMS. 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 980 99123 127 131 136 140 145 149 154 158 162 981 167 171 176 180 185 189 193 198 202 207 982 211 216 220 224 229 233 238 242 247 251 983 255 260 264 269 273 277 282 286 291 295 984 300 304 308 313 317 322 326 330 335 339 985 344 348 352 357 361 366 370 374 379 383 986 388 392 396 401 405 410 414 419 423 427 987 432 436 441 445 449 454 458 463 467 471 988 476 480 484 489 493 498 502 506 511 515 989 520 524 528 533 537 542 546 550 555 559 990 564 568 572 577 581 585 590 594 599 603 991 607 612 616 621 625 629 634 638 642 647 992 651 656 660 664 669 673 677 682 686 691 993 695 699 704 708 712 717 721 726 730 734 994 739 743 747 752 756 760 765 769 774 778 995 782 787 791 795 800 804 808 813 817 822 996 826 830 835 839 843 848 852 856 861 865 997 870 874 878 883 887 891 896 900 904 909 998 913 917 922 926 930 935 939 944 948 952 999 957 961 965 970 974 978 983 987 991 996 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED I LOAN DEPT. j This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. ! z> (i !369 neral Library fornia keley 3157 sr UNIVERSfTY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY