LIBRARY SCHOOI I^^fv ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^) s^ ^^ v^ s^ s^ v^ s^ v^ v^ v^ s^ \^ v^ v^ ^^ V^ TRESENTED TO y'n-c,..cu>^.j£l^li /a^«^ ^<£ on : 1889. Trivately Trinted. IIMABJ SCHOOL Itf "W "W Itf "W Itf "W Itf "W "W "W "W "W "W Itf Itf "W Itf Itf Itf Itf 'W ttf Itf "W "W "W Itf Itf Itf "W 0;//f ioo Copies printed. Blades, Hast &■ Blades, Typ., 23, Abchurch Lane, London. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 'TpHIS interesting Tract was first brought to light at the Meeting of the "Library Association," at Glasgow, in 1888. It excited considerable interest, and Professor W. P. Dickson, of Glasgow, wrote a noteworthy article upon it, which appeared in the August-September number of the Library Chronicle, 1888. Since then two similar pieces have been brought to notice. A short account of all three is here offered to the reader. The present tract is entitled " An Overture for f'ounding and Maintaining of Bibliothecks in every Paroch throughout the Kingdom : Humbly offered to the consideration of the Present Assembly, printed in the year 1699." It belongs to the Free Public Library, Wigan, and was discovered by the chief librarian, Mr. Henry T. Folkard, in a volume of old tracts which he purchased, a short time ago, from a second-hand bookseller in London. The original is rudely printed with the worn roman Dutch type of the period, but where, or by whom, does not appear. The author's name is not mentioned, but Professor Dickson attributes it, on the best evidence, to the Rev. James Kirkwood. The tract is extremely rare ; it is not found in the British Museum collections, nor in Sion College, nor at Lambeth Palace, nor under the inhospitable roof of Dr. Williams' library. It is not in the Bodleian, nor the University Library of Cambridge, nor the Advocates', nor the Signet, nor the University Library of Edinburgh, nor in any of the public libraries of Glasgow, nor in any of the extensive collections of books at St. Andrews, or Aberdeen. The only other copy at present known is in the private library of Professor Ferguson, of Glasgow. 757 An "Overture" in the old Scotch Parliament corresponded to what we now call "a Bill" in England. It was only a proposal, and subject to change and alteration before being passed as an "Act." Some of the clauses in this "Overture," by the Rev. Bibliophile, are remarkably arbitrary and impracticable. He begins by arguing, in well-turned phrases, the great importance to young men especially, that they should have free access to many and good books; of the extreme inconvenience under which students then laboured, from the fact that books at that time had so vastly multiplied (fancy this in 1699) that very few could afford to buy them, and, if they did, the expense of carrying them from place to place, made it cheaper to sell than move them, in which case they fetched next to nothing. Thus students in the country dis- tricts had little chance of improving their minds, having no access to books ; ergo, free libraries were a necessity for the intellectual growth of the nation. As to the ways and means to be adopted to bring about a more desirable state of things, the author's views are startling. As every Parish in the Kingdom ought to have a free library, he proposes — First, that a convenient place in every parish shall be set apart for the reception of books. Secondly, that every parish minister in the Kingdom shall place all his private books in the place chosen, and that four catalogues of such books shall be written out; one for the late owner, one for the presbytery, one to be kept in the new library, and the fourth to go to the chief library in Edinburgh. The books to be fairly valued, and the minister to be paid for them by an annual tax on the income of each parish. As a librarian would be necessary, the parish school-master should undertake that duty, and also learn how to bind books, for which services he might have a small addition to his salary. That one general system of cataloguing should be adopted in all the parishes for ease of reference (there speaks the experienced bibliographer) and every good book be placed upon the shelves as soon as published. All this, of course, would demand a considerable sum of money, which could easily be obtained by levying one month's " cess " on all church incomes, or say ^72,000, Scots. (A Pound Scots is equal to \s. Sd. sterhng.) Our author supposes that the fund so created would more than suffice, and, therefore, still further develops his ideas, which certainly to us appear far ahead of his time. He proposes the erection and fitting up of a complete printing office, under the direction of a Committee appointed by the General Assembly, who should choose such works, new or old, for printing, as they thought appropriate. Some ministers might object to part with their books and stipends, such men would be unreasonable and unworthy their high vocation, for, if adopted, the benefits generally would be great. For instance, many people, now unwillingly idle, would be put in work, and much money now spent abroad in buying books would be spent at home, while the advantage to young men would be incalculable, for instead of being compelled to travel in strange parts in pursuit of knowledge, and so falling into habits of drinking, gambling and whoring, they would stay in the midst of their home virtues. In short, the scheme, if carried out properly, would not only benefit every parish so that their libraries would soon vie with the most sumptuous collections abroad, but would divert a large trade in printing from Europe to Scotland. The second tract throws light upon the authorship of this. It bears date, 1702, and is entitled "A Copy of a Letter Anent a Project for Erecting a Library in every Presbytery or at least County in the Highlands. From a Reverend Minister of the Scots Nation, now in England, to a Minister at Edinburgh. With reasons for it, and a scheme for erecting and preserving these libraries. Edinburgh : Printed by George Mesman." It contains the following statement, printed at the end: — "The author of this letter is a person who hath a great zeal for propagating the knowledge of God in the Highlands of Scotland, and is the same who did promote Contributions for the Printing of Bibles in the Irish language, and sent so many of them down to Scotland ; and there is no news he more earnestly desires to know than what the G.A. doth whenever it meeteth for promoting the interests of the Gospel in the Highlands." " The writer, thus " says Professor Dickson, " identifies himself with the Rev. James Kirkwood, who gives an account of his plan for printing the Irish Bible for the use of the Highlands, in some correspondence with the Hon. Robert Boyle regarding it, which is printed as an appendix to Birch's life of Boyle, prefixed to the first volume of his works. James Kirkwood was a native of Dunbar, who became minister of Minto, in 1679, but was deprived, on account of the Test Act, in 1681, and about 1684 was, through the in- fluence of Dr. Gilbert Burnet, instituted Rector of Astwick, in Bedford. (See Dr. Scott's 'Fasti.') The General Assembly of 1704 passed an Act declaring their approbation of the project, empowering application to the 8 Treasury for assistance in bringing down the books from England, and fixing the places where the libraries were to be stationed. The minutes of that Assembly also show that they agreed to an elaborate set of rules ' about the ordering and preserving the libraries in the Highlands and Islands,' that they directed a letter of thanks to be sent to the Society in England for Propagating Christian Knowledge, and that they recommended ' Mr. George Meldrum to draw a copie of a letter to Mr. James Kirkwood, at London, who has been very instrumental in advancing the design of the said libraries.' "There can be little doubt that the Overture of 1699 proceeded from the same hand which subsequently drafted the project of 1702. Miller, in his 'History of Dunbar,' states that Mr. Kirkwood, in 1708, bequeathed a number of letters and papers to a library belonging to the Presbytery of Dunbar, and, after an account of his exertions, for the printing of the Irish Bible, adds : ' A library was also established for the clergy in the Highlands by Mr. Kirkwood, in 1699, a catalogue of which is preserved in his MS. papers.' The date is that of the Overture, and the ' catalogue,' if it still exists, would throw some light on his design." We get a few more particulars about Mr. Kirkwood from an interesting volume just published by the Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge, which contains the Minutes of the Society for the first seven years of its existence, viz.: 1 703-1 708. We there find Mr. Kirkwood attending a meeting in March, 1703, when he was appointed corresponding member for the Kingdom of Scotland. In the succeeding November, the the Society received "Letters and papers from Mr. Kirkwood, concerning the Erecting of Lending Libraries in the Highlands," which obtained the strong approval and recommendation of the Committee. Probably the " papers " included the very tract under notice. A few particulars about the scope of this second project may be worth noting. The author says : — " It is a work of no small difficulty to purchase a parcel of good books for the public advantage, nor is it less difficult to preserve and secure them for posterity when they are purchased." After reasons for promoting libraries, he proposes that every county in the High- lands shall have a library, to be founded by public and private benefactions. Books and money for the purpose may be sent to Mr. Taylor, a bookseller at the Ship, or to Mr. Robinson, at the Golden Lion, in St. Paul's Churchyard, London. As to rules: a proper place, which must be dry, is to be chosen, and the books kept under lock and key. Some may be lent out, but no one to have more than two at a time, and they must be approved preachers, schoolmasters or students. Each book to have its price against it in the catalogue, and every borrower to deposit one-fourth more than the value as a security for its safe return. No book to be kept longer than six weeks, and every half-year a visit of inspection to be made by the Presbyter)'. There is another piece preserved in the Advocates' Library, which, although connected wnth England, is so similar in subject that a few words upon it will not be amiss. It is a broadside, and is headed "A Proposal for erecting Parochial Libraries in the meanly endow'd Cures throughout England." Without place, date, or printer's name. The author says: "Many will be surprised to hear, that in England and Wales there are above 2,000 parishes where the income is under ;^3o, of which 1,200 are under ^^20, and 500 under ^\o. Of necessity these are without books, a deficiency which good men have often tried to supply. A committee of clergy and laity have met to promote the good work, and so far prospered that they have got together over 3,000 folios, 4,000 4tos. and 8vos., besides having put to press many books now out of print. Fifty-two libraries are now nearly complete, and 500 more proposed. An Act of Parliament has been passed (1708) for the better preservation of Parochial Libraries, and those who are willing to be benefactors to this charity, are desired to pay the sum they shall contribute to Mr. Henry Hoare, in Fleet Street, London." W. B. April, i88g. AN OVERTURE FOR Founding & Maintaining BIBLIOTHECKS In every Paroch through- out this KINGDOM: Humbly Offered to the Confi- de ration of this prefent Affembly. /tinted in the Year 1699. fsJ ^n Overture/br Eftablijbing of Bibliothecks in every Paroch throughout this Kingdom, IT is as clTcntial to the nature of Mankind to be delirous of Knowledge, as it is for them to be rational Creatures, for wc fee no other end or ufe for our Reafon, but to feek out and learch for the Knowledge of all thefe things of which we are Ignorant. For this fore travel hath God given to the Jons ofmen^ to be exercifed therewith. That being born Naked, Indigent and Ignorant, we Ihould be forced to enquire by the help of Reafon, into the Nature and Knowledge of all thefe things which are about us, and to Invent and Perfect ail fuch Arts and ManufaAories, as are nccefTary for the fupport of our Lives. All which things arc fo numerous, and the ways of attaining to the Knowledge of them fo difficult, longfome and uncertain, that it would be but a very fmall Degree, even of the meaneft Art or Science, which any man could attain unto by his own particular Study and Obfcrvation, if he were deflitutc of all thefe Helps we receive from others, by Word and Writing. Therefore to facilitat this fore Travel, God hath endued Man- kind with a Faculty of Speech, whereby they may Teach and Communicat to one another, all fuch Knowledges and Obferva- tions as fhall be found^out by any one of them ; that fo every one ftudying a part, and contributing the fmall Mite of his Obfer- vations into the publick Stock, they might at length advance Knowledge and Learning to that Degree, which Humane Na= A 2 ture (4) ture in this lapfed Eftate is capable of. And that there might be fome conliderable Progrefs made in this Work at firft ; God did beftow upon the firft Men long Lives, with vigorous Imaginati- ons and solid Judgments, that thereby they might both Acquire great Stocks of Knowledge and Obfervations, and might convoy them, or commnnicat them to many Degrees of their Pofterity. But Men abufing this Blefling of long Life, and exercifing their Thoughts only upon Evil and that continually .• God in his Juftice, was provoked to fhorten their Lives, and to confound their Languages, whereby this way of conve)ring Knowledge by Word of Mouth, and Tradition became very imperfect, and ly- able to many Inconveniencies : and therefore that thefe Means of encrealing Knowledge, and ol learching out all the Works of God might be ftill continued amongft Men ; God in his Infinite Mercy, was gracioufly pleafed to teach Men a new Way of com- municating their Thoughts and Words, by Writing ; which he did when he did write the Law with his own Finger, upon the two Tables of Stone in Mount Siriai, that thereby Men might more eafily and imiverfally communicat their Obfervations to all the reft of Mankind, and might more certainly preferve them to all Pofterity. By this Art of Writing, Knowledge and Learning were very much advanced ; till Books became fo numerous, and the way of writing with a Pen being both dear and flow, Students could acquire only a fmall number of them, whereby many Books were neglefted and loft, and Learning came to a ftand, and then at length fell into a great Z)ecay, for Men turned their Wits and Studies, rather to coUeft and underftand the Writings and Opi- nions of the Ancients, than to enquire into the Nature of the things themfelves, in fo much that all Philofophy was turned in- to the Opinions of Ariftotle, and Plato ; and all Theology was lodged in the Opinion of the Church, or in the Popes Infallibi- lity. Yea, Ignorance prevailed to that Degree, that it was en- couraged and preached up, as the Mother of Devotion. But at length (5) length Printing, which is a more eafy, fpcedy and cheap way than Writing, was Invented ; which remedied all thefe J non- veniencies of Writing,and fo recovered Learning at its laft Gafp, out of its long continued and almoft fatal Decay. Since which time,Learning hath taken on as it were a new growth, and though it be not as yet recovered in feveral Parts, yet many Arts and Sciences are advanced to a far greater Degree, than what they had attained unto amongft the Ancients. From all which Courfe of Providence, we may clearly perceive, that it is the Will and De- lign of our Lord and Maker, that by fore Travel, we fhould fearch out and know all his wonderful Works, that we may Admire and Adore his Infinite Wifdom, Goodnefe, and other PerfeAi- ons in them. As alfo, we may perceive that a full and univer- fal communicating of our Thoughts and Obfervations to one an- other, is the neceflary and ordinary Means appointed by God, whereby we may Attain uuto this natural Knowledge ; fo that whatfoever Inconveniencies do obftru6l this free and univerfal communicating our Thoughts and Inftru(ftions to one another, or do hinder Students from Attaining the Knowledge of all that hath been Difcovered before them, muft of neceflity much retard the Advancement of Learning, and hinder the Encreafe of Know- ledge amongft us ; and therefore do deferve our ferious Thoughts, and utmoft Endeavours to remove them. Some of thefe Incon- veniencies are, i. Books are fo vaftly multiplied, and do fo en- creafe dayly, that moft part of Students either want Money to buy any moderat Collection of them ; or ily, they want Conve- nience to keep them, for Books are very troublefome to Tranf- port from place to place ; or ^ly^ they have them not in due time, while they are young and free from Cares ; for after a Man is fet- tled in the World, then the Cares of his Family, and the Affairs of his Calling, do fo take up his Mind, that he can have no time nor heart to ftudy. 4. The Money that is bestowed upon Books muft be looked upon as loft ; and this certainly is a great Dif- couragement. 5. Many Books which a Student Ihall happen to B buy, ( 6 ) buy, will after penifal, be found little worth, ^t leaft for his pur- pole, whereby he is lamentably difap pointed, and loleth both his Money and time. 6* We live at much diftance from thefe famous Towns where moft part of Books aie Printed, that there are many ufefiil new Books Printed which we never hear of, and thefe we hear of, cannot be brought home to us without great Expenfes and Trouble. 7. Although a Student had all the Ad- vantages that can be rcafonably expe<5led in one man, yet he can- not Acquire all the Books in the World, that may relate to the Subjeft he fludies ; and fo he will ftill be unealie and fufpicious, that there may be fomething worth his Knowledge in thefe Books he wants. And it is not to be expelled, that any man can ad- vance or improve any Art or Science to a fall Degree, till firft he have a full and comprehenlive Knowledge of all that hath been written and difcovered of that Subject before him : and therefore compleat and free Libraries are abfolutely neceflary for the Improving of Arts and Sciences,and for Advancing of Learns ing amongft us. For effecTtuating of this, and for remeding all the fore-named Inconvc^iiencies, it is modeftly conceived with fubmiflion to bet- ter Judgments, that the .Founding and Maintaining of Biblio- thecks in every Paroch within this Kingdom, will be a moft ef- fectual means, for thereby a Student will have compleat Libraries within a few Miles of the place where he fhall happen to refide, out of which he may ealily furnilh himfelf from time to time, of all forts of Books fit for his purpofe without Money, and that in his youth, while he hath health and ftrength to Study, and is free from the cares of the World, neither can he be troubled with ufelefs Books, feing he may prefently return them to the Biblio- theck and take others ; and Laftly, Thefe Libraries in a few year^ will be full and compleat, being furniihed, not only with all the valuable and ufefuU Old jBooks in any Art or Science, but alfo with all the valuable New Books, fo foon as ever they are heard of or ^en in the World, ts will clearly be demonftrat afterwards. The (7) The Method and particulars which I think ncceffary for tlus Founding and Maintaining of jSibliothecks in every Paroch throughout this Kingdom, are thefe. \Ji. A convenient place in every Paroch muft be fet a part, and fitted for keeping of -ffooks. Q.ly. Every prefent Miniftcr muft give in all his ^ooks, to the ^bliotheck of his own Paroch, at the fight of the Heretors of the Paroch, who Ihall caufe rank them conform to their volumn^- ■ and fhall caufe take exaA Alphabetical Catalogues of them, with the place where, and the time when they are Printed, of which Catalogues, there muft be four principal Coppies fubfcribed by the Minifter and Heretors of each Paroch ; whereof one Copy Ihal be kept by the Minifter, as an obligation upon the Paroch till he be payed for his ^ooks, another Ihall be kept by the Heretors in a htle Chift in the ^ibliotheck, that it may be an obligation upon the Keeper of the 5ibliotheck, to be anfwerable for all thefe i?ooks ; the third muft be kept in the jPibliotheck openly, that any Heretor of the Paroch, or Minifter of the Ptesbyterie may get a double of it when they pleafe ; and the fourth Copy fhall be fent to the principal Library at Edinburgh, to kept there for feveral ufes. ^dly. For avoiding all debates and difficulties, that may arifc between Heretors and Minifters in valuing thefe Books, it will be fit that fome Minifters and Heretors be appointed to draw out a general Catalogue of all the Books in the Kingdom, out of thofc particular Catalogues that fhall be fent in to Edinburgh from c- very Paroch, and to fet a certain price upon each Book ; which general Catalogues with the price affixed to each Book, fhall be Printed and diftributed through every Paroch of the Kingdom, conform to which Catalogue," the Books in every Paroch fhall be valued : or there may be laid down fome general rules for valuing of Books at fo much per Sheet, and fo much for Binding. ^ly. When any Minifter fhall die, or be removed from one Kirk to an other, then he or his Heirs or Aflligncys, fhall have right (8) right to all the Stipends of that Paroch to which he gave in his Books, ay and while he be payed of their full value conform to the Catalogue ; and the Minifters of the Presbytery ihall fupply that Kirk during that time, but if the Paroch cannot convenient- ly want a Minifter fo long, then the fucceeding Minifter Ihall want (uch a proportional part of the Stipend as Ihall be thought fit, which fhall be payed yearly to the firft Minifter, his Heirs or affigneys, till the full value of his Books be payed. ^tkly. Where the Kirks are vacant, the Minifters of the Pref- byterie with the Heretors of the Paroch, fhall have power to be- ftow all the' vacant Sipends of that Kirk, upon fuch Books as they fhall think moft fit and neceffary for the Bibleotheck of that Kirk. 6thly. Each Presbyterie fhall endeavour to be a compleat Li- brary within it felf, that is, they fhall endeavour to have one Copy at leaft, of every valuable Book extant in fome one Biblio- theck or other within their bounds ; wherefore it will be necefTar that all the Minifters in one Presbyterie, compare their Catalogues, and conlider of what Books they have more Coppies then arc needful amongft them, and what Books they think ufeful; of which they have no Coppies at all, that they may exchange the Books they have for thefe they want, conform to the value fet on each Book by the general Catalogue, 'jthly. The keeper of the Bibleotheck, who may be the Reader or School-mafter of the Paroch, moft find caution to the Minifter aud Heretors, to be faithful in keeping tlie Books, and in pre- ferving them from all inconveniencies ; and he fhall not lend out any Book but to an Heretor of the Paroch, or to a Minifter of the Presbyterie, or to fuch per fons reftding within the Paroch as fhall find fufficient caution for all the Books they get out of the Library, and he fhall take obligations from them all, that they fhall reftore the Books in good coudition, and within fuch a fet time as may be fufficient for reading the i^ook, but within one Mo' neth at fartheft ; that fo an Heretor may not defraud the reft of the (9) the ufe of any Book. And for preventing the imbazling the Books of thir Libraries, it is fit there be a note written upon the reverie of the Tide page, and on the laft leaf of each Book Sub- fcribed by the Mini Her, declaring that the ^ook belongeth to the Bibleotheck of fuch a Paroch, fo that wherever any Book Ihall be found wanting the Title page and the laft leaf, it may be fuf- peAed to be ftollen from the Libraries, a^d fo may be confifcat to their ufe. %thly. It will be convenient that there be a -ffook binder in eve- ry Presbyterie, to bind all the Books that belong to that Presby- terie, for which end he muft be provided with a Houfe, and all the Inftruments fit for his Trade, and with fome fmall Stipend yearly to maintain him; and then whatfoever Books he Ihall bind he fhall be payed only for the matererials, but nothing for his work ; or the keepers of the Bibleotheck or Minifters Servants may be taught to bind jBooks, and may eafiely bind all the new ^ooks that fhall be given in to that Library in Sheets ^thly. It will be convenient that all the -Bibhothicks in the Kingdom obfcrve the fame method of ranking and placeing their *Books.- which method may be to rank the 5ooks according to their name and number, in the general Catalogue, which name and number muft be written upon a piece of paper, and battered to the back of the ^ook, or to fome leaf of it, that it may be eafiely leen and read, by any perfon that comes into the ^iblion thick, that fo Minifters or Students, w hen they ihall happen to remove from one Paroch or ^ibliothick to another, they may not be at a lofe where to find any 5ook, for by this method they will perefently know in what place every -ffook Ihould ftand Thefe are all the particulars which I think neceflary for the prefent for founding of ^ibliothicks'in every Paroch, but for the maintaining and promoting thefe'it will be neccffary fiirther, that lothly. One Moneths Cefe to be payed yearly, to be fettled as a Fond for buying and Printing, all fuch i?ooks New or Old, as {haUbe;u,^ed valuable and ufefiill to be diftributcd through C the ( lo) the Kingdom, and every Bibliotheck in the Kingdom fliall get a Copy of every Book that fhall be printed ; the one half of this Moncths Cefs muft be payed by the Heretors conform to their Valuations, the other half by the Minifters conform to the pro: porions of their Stipends. I ithly. This Money or Fond muft be entrufted to fome honeft Perfon or Perfons, who fhall therewith Eredl a Printing-Houfe, and Paper ManufaAory, and Ihall fettle and maintain a Corref- pondence with all the Printing preffes abroad throughout Europe, and fhall bring home fome Coppies of all the Books that fhall be Printed, as foon as poffible, and fhall Re-print all fuch J'ooks whether New or Old, as fhall be judged fitting, or worthy to be diftributed through the Kingdom , and they fhall be oblidged to give up Accompts how the Money is beftowed, from time to time to fuch Miniflers and others, as fhall be appointed to receive, and examine the fame, i2thly, A Commiffion of the General AfTembly mufl be ap- pointed, to Revile all the New Books that are brought home from time to time, and to give fome fhort Account of them in Print, or to employ fuch perfons as they fhall judge mofl fit for that Work : and to Revife all the Old j5ooks, and to determine what £ooks fhall be Printed every Moneth, and to receive and ex- amine the Printers Accompts. This is a Method which I think will be both eafie and effecftual for eftabhfhing, and promoting of Bibliothecks in every Paroch throughout this Kingdom, neither do I forefee any material Ob- jeAion, that can be made againft any particular Article ot it. For it fhall be Objected againft the fecond Article, by fome of the prefent Miniflers, that if they fhall happen hereafter to be removed from their paroch to another, they will be at a great lofs for want of thefe Books, with which they have been accuftomed of a long time. This is eafily anfwered, for when a Minifter is removed from one pdroch to another, he will immediatly have a right to all, or ( " ) or at leaft a pait of die Stipends of that paroch, till he be payed for his Books, and then with that Money he may buy what Books he thinks molt neceffary for himfelf, and give in to the Library of that other paroch to which he Ihal be Tranfplanted, and be payed for them after his removal. It may be further Objected by the Miniftcrs, that when the publick is Debitor, it is fometimcs difficult to get payment ; but this Obye(5lion is groundlcfe here for in this cafe the publick is not Debitor, but every privat man is Debitor for his proportion of the vacant Stipends, to thcMinifter himfclf, or his Heirs and Affig- neys, ay and while he be payed for all the Books he gare in to the Bibliotheck of that paroch. But that which fhould move the Minifters to comply willing with this Article is, that thereby they both retain the ufe of their Books, and alfo 9 cure the value of them, Lo themfelves or their Heirs, whereas otherwifc they might be loft or Sold for very little It may be Obje<5Vcd by others againft the tenth Article, that one Moneths Cefs, which amounts to 72000 pounds Scots by year, will be tco great a Fond for buyijig and printing of Books yearly To this I anfwcr. that if it be too great it muft be fo, cither in refpeA of the Books it will buy and print, or in rcfde