THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES B. 0. BAKER L ' ' By F. S. HUMPHREY. MANUAL OF TYPE- WRITING Business Letter- Writer and Exercises for Phonographic Practice. A Guide to the Art of Type-Writing, for use in Schools, Colleges and Copying Offices, containing over one hundred and fifty letters of Mercantile Correspondence, Statements of Accounts, Law Forms, Specifications, Theatrical and all kinds of Miscellaneous Work adapted to Writing Machines ; Law, Legislative, and Commer- cial Phrases for Phonographic Practice, with a chapter on Spelling, Punctuation and Capitalization. 8vo, cloth, $1.50. INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND (Pitman Pho- nography.) A complete and conveniently arranged text-book, treating exhaustively of the principles of Phonetic Short-Hand in their application to all branches of Verbatim Reporting, and containing the latest modi- fications known to the art. Part I. 8vo, cloth, $1.50 Part II. 8vo, cloth, 1.50 Parts I and II. (In one vol. complete), 8vo, cloth, 2.50 The above books mailed on receipt of the price, by THE BAKER & TAYLOR Co., PUBLISHERS, 740 and 742 Broadway, New York. INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND (PITMAN PHONOGRAPHY) FOR SELF-INSTRUCTION AND USE IN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES A COMPLETE AND CONVENIENTLY ARRANGED TEXT-BOOK, TREATING EXHAUSTIVELY OF THE PRINCIPLES OF PHONETIC SHORT-HAND IN THEIR APPLICATION TO ALL BRANCHES OF VERBATIM REPORTING, AND CONTAINING THE LATEST MODIFICATIONS KNOWN TO THE ART PARTS I. AND II. (COMPLETE) BY F. S. HUMPHREY LAW AND GENERAL STENOGRAPHER; AUTHOR OF "HUMPHREY'S MANUAL OF TYPEWRITING, BUSINESS LETTER-WRITER, AND EXERCISES FOR PHONOGRAPHIC PRACTICE." NEW YORK THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. 740 AND 742 BROADWAY COPYRIGHT, 1887 AND 1892, BY F. S. HUMPHREY. COPYRIGHT, 1893, BY THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. Press of J. J. Little & Co. Astor Place, New York TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGES INTRODUCTION vii GENERAL DIRECTIONS xiii PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET xv Consonants Vowels, Long, Short. DIPHTHONGS xvi Diphthongal Signs for Special Vocalization. LESSON I 1-4 Consonants and their Combinations. LESSON II 5-8 Vocalization Heavy Dot and Heavy Dash Vowels Rule for Reading Vowels Rule for Writing First-Place Vowels Vowel Position Rule for Writing Long Second- and Third-Place Vowels. LESSON III 9-11 Vocalization, Light-Dot and Light-Dash Vowels. LESSON IV 12-15 Diphthongs Position of Consonants When Rule of Position may be Violated. LESSON V '. 16-18 Introduction to Reading and Writing Exercises Consonant Word-Signs Vowel-SignsContractionsMemorizing Word-SignsGraded Exercises Phrasing. LESSON VI 19-23 Iss, Z, and Ses-Circles Steh and Stir Loops. LESSON VII 24-29 Reading Exercise Simple Consonant Word-Signs and Contractions Reading and Writing Exercises. LESSON VIII 30-32 Rules for Writing L or Lay, R or Ray, Ish or Shay. LESSON IX 33-36 Different Methods of Expressing W and Y. LESSON X 37~39 Writing Exercises Vowel, and Brief W and Y Word-Signs. LESSON XI 40-41 Large Initial W-Hook. LESSON XII , 42-44 Different Methods of Expressing H Tick Signs Phrased. LESSON XIII 45-48 Double Consonants Initial Hooks for L and R Writing Exercises. LESSON XIV 49-52 L and R Hooks, Continued. LESSON XV 53~56 Triple Consonants Spel and Sper Series Word-Signs and Contractions with Initial Hooks Writing Exercise. LESSON XVI 57-59 Final Hooks for F, V, and N- Rule for Reading the Final Hook Series. LESSON XVII 60-63 Shon-Hook Eshon-Hook Rule for Vocalizing the Eshon-Hook Final Hook Word-Signs and Contractions -Initial W-Hook Word-SignsWrit- ing Exercise. LESSON XVIII 64 Steh and Stir Loops on the R- and N-Hook Side. LESSON XIX 65-73 Halving Principle How Vocalized Ed Tick Halving Hay and Ray- Name of Half-Lengths Half-Length Word-Signs and Contractions Writ- ing Exercise. V 448439 LESSON XX 73-So Widening Principle, MP and MB Lengthening to Add TR, DR, THR, KER- Added H-Tick Lengthened ING Their, They Are, There, Other, Whether, how expressed Miscellaneous Word-Signs and Contractions Writing Exercise. LESSON XXI 80-04 Special Vocalization Accent Examples Double Vowels Table of Dis- syllabic Diphthongs Double Vowels. LESSON XXII 85-90 Prefixes, Con, Com, Cog Contra, Contro, Counter For, Fore Self, Self- con, Circum In, Un. Incon Inter, Intro Enter, Anti. Ante Magna, Magni Mis. Miscon, Miscom Decom, Dis, Discon, Discom Non, Noncon, Noncom Uncon, Uncom Unrecon, Unrecom, Unrecog Recon, Recom, Recog Irrecon, Irre, Irreg. LESSON XXIII 91-96 Writing Exercise on Prefixes. LESSON XXIV 97-100 Affixes Ble, Ely, Bility Mental, Mentality, Ality, Arity Blness, Fulness Ential, Entially Ing, Ings Ing-stem Ing the Ing-a Ing-thr, Ingly Ology, Ological Self, Selves Ship- Soever. LESSON XXV 101-104 Writing Exercise on Affixes Punctuation and Miscellaneous Marks Numbers. LESSON XXVI 105-119 Consonant Word Signs Vowel Word-Signs. INTRODUCTORY TO WORD-SIGN SENTENCES 120 LESSON XXVII 121-132 Word-Sign Sentences. LESSON XXVIII 133-153 List of Contractions and Word-Forms. LESSON XXIX 154-168 Joined He, Him, The Joined I Joined As, Has Joined Is. Us Double and Triple Length Curves N-Hook Phrases R- Hook Phrases W- Hook Phrases- Half- Length Phrases-All, Us, and Will Phrases Of. Of The Omitted in Phrases Intersected Phrases Emb Phrases Words Implied by Nearness of Writing Similar Words Distinguished by Position and Outline Vocalized Words. LESSON XXX 169-174 Commercial Phrases. LESSON XXXI 175-185 Law Forms and Phrases. LEGISLATIVE PHRASES (U. S. Senate) 186-204 EXPEDIENTS AND SPECIAL FORMS 205-211 COMME* CIAL CORRESPONDENCE 212-235 D. Whiting 212 ! Robert Simpson 226 Wheeler & Wilson 213 I W. R. Cleveland 227 Geo. H. Francis 214 I C. A. James 227 B. W. Law 215-217 i Currier & Browning 227-228 Naylor&Co 217-218 O.W.Barrett 228 Brown Bros. & Co 219 F. Barrett 228-229 W. F. Sloan 220-223 Henry Monnett 223 W. W. Ralston 223-224 W. Frothingham 224 W. D. Munson 224-225 E. C. Peck 225 A. S. Parker 225-226 Geo. Curtis 226 J. H. Kemble 229 Lent & Suydam 229-230 A. Bigelow 230-231 C.G.French 231 W. Peacock 231-233 J. L. King & Co 233-234 Devinny & Co 234 Geo. H. Wheeler & Bro 235 TRIAL (Lincoln Assassination) 236-277 EXAMINATION OF JURORS 237-239 W. H. Tenney 237-238 | Nicholas Acker 238-239 ADDRESS TO THE JURY 241-244 TESTIMONY 245-265 J. K. Barnes 245-246 James H. Wright 246-247 Wm. F. Kent 247-249 Henry R. Rathbone 249-250 Joseph B. Steward 250-252 Evertson J. Conger 252-256 Wm. L. Burt 257-258 Nathaniel Whittmore 258-260 Frederick Stafford 261-262 J. M. Becker 263-265 CHARGE TO THE JURY 266-277 POWER OF ATTORNEY 278-279 vi INTRODUCTORY. A new system of Phonography ? No. A new method ? Yes. Strictly speaking, there is but one system of Phonography Pitman's; all other modified forms of phonetic short-hand are not systems, but methods ; there has been no change in the principles since the first treatise on the art was published in 1837. Various modifications, by different authors, have appeared from time to time, notably Graham's, Munson's, Longley's, and still later Osgoodby's, one of the most ingenious and practical methods. The authors mentioned have probably done more for the advancement of practical short-hand than any others since the parent system was first made known. Assuming as true that no radical changes have been made in the Pitman system up to the present time, over half a century, the conchision must inevitably be reached that the principles on which this system is based are practically unchangeable, and that all efforts at improvement must be in the 11116* of clearer elucidation and better teaching of that which we already have. In the following pages we have endeavored to carry out our ideas of what we conceive to be the best arrangement of phonographic matter for ease of learning, and at the same time keep alive the interest of the student unto the end. It is one thing to be a skillful operator, and quite another thing to be a skillful teacher, two qualifications rarely combined in the same individual. We have applied the ' winged art " in legislative halls; in courts of law ; in the amphitheater of the medical college, and in the heated campaigns of political excitement and controversy, but we have never approached any one of these undertakings with so much delicacy as we now feel in placing before the rising generation of short-hand writers a new method for their instruc- tion, which it is hoped, will facilitate their progress and lighten their labors in this most interesting field of thought-preservative writing. We have observed, in looking over the various text-books dedicated to this art, that each author has the best system ever presented to an appreci- ative public. While we feel confident, for we have so been told, that we have here a far superior method to any heretofore published, we are too modest, and considerate of the feelings of those who have passed on before, to say so, and therefore throw the responsibility of such a statement which, it is needless to say, we cordially endorse, upon the shoulders of one who is fully capable of judging of its merits, and who has kindly had printed, for use among his students, a book of instructions setting forth the advantages of this interlinear method, first brought to his attentior by the author. The vii gentleman referred to is at the head of the Short-Hand Department of one of our largest commercial colleges, and having had an experience of twenty-five years as a teacher and writer of short-hand, we feel confident that whatever he may say will have due weight with those who may examine this work with a view to its adoption : "We have examined many systems of short-hand, and every method, so far as we have been able, of teaching it, and have found none that can com- pare with the Interlinear lessons published by F. S. Humphrey, the author of the Manual of Typewriting. This is not a new system of short-hand, but is what it is claimed to be the best method ever devised for teaching the art of short-hand writing. In justice to the student, who should always be advised as to the best method of learning, both as to the saving of time and labor, we shall spare no pains to bring the interlinear method of instruction to his attention. It is so simple and plain, so easily comprehended, that no excuse can now be given for not learning this most useful accomplishment. It requires no study compared with the old way ; a careful reading of the explanations, together with practice in copying and reading the exercises, is all that is necessary. The young man that cannot learn short-hand by this method cannot learn it by any other, and had better turn his attention to something else. * * * We have had twenty-five years' experience in in- vestigating and teaching short-hand, and we are convinced that the inter- linear method of instruction is by far the easiest, quickest, and most prac- tical method ever devised for the purpose." To TEACHERS. As a labor-saving device for teaching, the interlinear method stands pre-eminently at the head ; having once adopted it, the drudg- ery of the class-room will be a thing of the past ; it will lighten your labors ; it will do for you in a silent, quiet way, what would otherwise take hours of personal attention ; it will save exhaustion and patience, for you can teach fifty pupils with as much ease as you could teach five by any other method, and with every advantage in their favor ; indeed, no work heretofore pub- lished on this subject will enable the teacher to accomplish such satisfactory results with so little effort. Each step of the way is clearly defined, from the alphabet to the most difficult branches of verbatim reporting. The student should be allowed to make free use of the translation ; it is given for a pur- pose to keep him on the right track, to prevent making mistakes, and to economize time by not having to refer back to principles previously studied. By the method of procedure here introduced he will cover more ground in one week than can be covered in three weeks by pursuing the old method, and in a far more interesting way. It has been suggested that students using interlinear translations will learn by " rote," or in a "parrot-like " manner. (See note.'page 8.) Nothing is further from the truth. The teacher that made the suggestion does not understand the theory of short-hand, much less the practice. There would be some force in the remark if the learner should go over each exercise but a few times, as he would probably do in using a " pony," or interlinear translation of the classics, to pass a recitation in Latin or Greek ; but what is the fact? the short-hand student writes his exer- cises hundreds of times. No matter how many teachers he may have at his elbow, or how many interlinears in front of him, they avail him nothing if he does not practice ; all he requires of the teacher, or of the text-book, is to keep him on the right track, to see that he practices to the best advantage ; he must do the rest. The interlinear form is vastly superior for teaching in viii that it produces more accurate writers by keeping the correct forms constant- ly before the learner ; but this is a slight advantage when compared with that of being able to read notes at sight. No student by this method ever failed to read his short-hand almost as readily as he could write it. The reason is obvious, his eye is educated to familiarity with the short-hand page by having the correct forms constantly before him ; he cannot see the print without see- ing the phonograph, and vice versa. To read short-hand readily the charac- ters must be as familiar to the sight as a page of ordinary print. THE CORRESPONDING STYLE. The examples given in this work to illus- trate the elementary principles are written in the " Corresponding Style," which is the foundation of the " Reporting Style." While the lessons are so arranged as to introduce the beginner almost at the outset to unvocalized re- porting forms, the great value of knowing how to use the vowels, when necessary, is recognized, and the teacher is earnestly requested to insist that each student shall have a thorough knowledge of them ; do not, under any circumstances, follow the advice of mere theorists, who, knowing little or nothing of practical short-hand, advocate the entire omission of vowels in writing, ignoring the fact that without them success as a verbatim reporter cannot be achieved. It is not necessary that the beginner should practice vocalized forms until he has memorized them so thoroughly as to cause serious embarrassment in changing to reporting forms. Most of the ex- amples given in print in other short-hand text-books are here given in short- hand, with stems fully vocalized. To acquire a thorough knowledge of vocal- ization all that is necessary is for the student to read these exercises over carefully, and mentally place the proper vowels to each outline ; this will serve the same purpose as if he wrote them, without acquiring the habit of putting them in. No person ever made a successful short hand writer who could not instantly analyze the consonantal elements of unfamiliar words, and properly vocalize them when necessary. This is a matter of vital import- ance to the beginner who expects to become a verbatim reporter, and we do not wish to have him sacrificed to the ambition of teachers, who, for obvious reasons, never found it necessary to use a vowel. (See page 16, \ 61.) WORD-SIGNS. The arrangement of word-signs is believed to be the best possible for the purpose of readily memorizing them. Each one is engraved in its proper position, and in such manner that one sign cannot be mistaken for another. By the old arrangement of signs, where they are indicated in print without the corresponding character in short-hand, we have known students to practice hours and days writing a sign ia the wrong position , the result of ambiguity in arrangement. Such mistakes cannot happen by this method; where a 'single word is represented by a sign the sign is placed directly above it ; where several words are represented by a single phono- graph, they are enclosed in parentheses and the phonograph placed directly above them. We would urge the great importance of thoroughly memoriz- ing these signs, and for this purpose a large number of sentences has been arranged in which they are frequently repeated ; the student should be re- quired to write and rewrite them, until he is as familiar with them as he is with the letters of the English alphabet. These sentences should be dictated ix to him throughout his entire course, for he cannot memorize them too well. (See page 120.) A few of the signs given in some of the standard works are liable to clash ; such forms have been changed, as, for instance, the sign for remarkable, which was liable to conflict with mere \ form \vith offer ; until with at all, etc. PHRASING. No particular rules for phrasing are given, but rather ex- amples. Aside from the simplest forms of phraseography, of which almost every stenographer makes use, it is a practice the development of which can safely be left to the ingenuity of the writer as he grows in experience. There is no question, however, but that common-sense phrasing adds to speed and legibility, but as to how far it can be carried, every man must be a law unto himself. Mr. Thomas Allen Reed, the well known London reporter, says that any conscious effort at phrasing is a mistake. Perhaps the reader will infer that Mr. Reed would have us use no phrases but of the most elementary kind ; as, you-may, you-can, I-zvill, etc., but such is not the case. I have no doubt but that if he were called upor. to explain himself he would say: (ist), that if you phrase at all, select words that are used very frequently, the out- lines of which flow into each other naturally, without apparent effort at join- ing on the part of the writer; and (2nd), in technical reporting select forms for the frequently recurring phrases that can be easily executed, and then practice them until they can be written without conscious effort. This is un- doubtedly what Mr. Reed means, for he uses phrases that no reporter can use on the spur of the moment without having previously practiced them. See his phrases ' Employers' Liability Act ; " "Judicial Committee of the Privy Council;" "Specific performance of the contract," etc. Again, take our own incomparable Knight of the Pen, Mr. D. F. Murphy, chief of the U. S. Senate corps. Mr. Murphy says tht he is opposed to "phrasing except where the forms of the words naturally combine and the connection is obvi- ous." This sentence from Mr. Murphy is as good a rule for phrasing as all that has been written on the subject, and if the reader will turn to his Phrases, page 197, he will understand what is meant by phrases " the forms of which naturally combine." There are many phrases here the forms of which will not readily combine in the hands of the inexperienced ; but if they are properly practiced it will be found that the joinings are easily made, and that although long, they are equal to the pace of the most rapid speaker. The legislative reporter, the law reporter, and the medical reporter, can each make use of phrases adapted to his special line of work, which will add very greatly to speed and legibility, but which could not be used to advantage by reporters engaged in other lines of work. If it is necessary for the stenogra- pher engaged in different departments of reporting to coin phrases to meet his individual wants, it is just as necessary' for the teacher to discriminate in teaching short-hand. If a student wishes to learn note-taking merely for the purpose of letter writing, do not require him to spend days in writing law forms, or confine the person who seeks to become a law, or general stenog- rapher, to the circumscribed limits of commercial correspondence. The phrases in this book, both for special and general work, have stood the test of years in actual use. Occasionally two phrases or forms are given repre- senting the same \vord or combination of words, but only one form should be memorized. In concluding our remarks ou this subject, we would say to the teacher, do not be afraid to use your common-sense in phrasing ; do not be swayed by every person who has a theory ; be conservative, if you will, but do not cry with the theorist or crank Do not phrase ! Do not phrase ! ! until you know where you are going to hit. If it is the phrase " Quot homines lot sentential," it is all right; do not phrase; but if it is in plain English " I do not know ;" " I do not recollect;" it is all wrong, for these are good phrases, the theorist and magazine writers to the contrary notwith- standing. No man can lay down an iron-clad rule that will apply to all cases, and the person who goes to either extreme is a crank. The middle ground is the safest, and will insure success. The Latin maxim above quoted ap. fits this subject, and may be referred to whenever the anti-phraser is persist ent in urging his objections. PRACTICE MATTER. It is more or less a source of disquietude to many teachers to know just what kind of matter is the best for practice. This question would not cause a moment's serious consideration if all students were taught to write phonetically ; but in the mad rush nowadays to grind out short-hand writers in three months, and give them anything at all in re- turn for their money, the question becomes one of great importance to the short term teacher ; indeed, it is of so much importance that we must decline to offer any suggestions, for, having met with no successful graduates of the twelve-easy-lesson method, we should have great reason to fear for the result ; but for the student who intends to hold fast to the study until he is master of the word-signs and contractions, and can analyze, phonetically and quickly, all unfamiliar words, the question of material for practice is a very simple one. It is the business of the short-hand writer to take down words ; there- fore any matter pertaining to current literature will answer the purpose. There is, however, one class of literature that is to be preferred for the first five or six months of practice, and that is the exercises specially arranged to repeat frequently the words and phrases that enter into everyday business life ; not that these words occur less frequently in unfamiliar matter to the student, but because they are purposely culled and arranged in sentences to be often repeated. Sufficient exercises of this character are here introduced ; they should be copied carefully until the student can write them from his own dictation at about sixty or seventy words a minute. This will not be wasted time, for there is nothing like patient, systematic copying of both old and new matter to acquire a correct and neat hand-writing. After an exer- cise has been copied until it can be written at the rate above indicated.it should then be dictated from time to time until it can be written at the rate of one hundred and twenty-five words a minute. If practice of this kind is kept up for several months on the matter contained in this book, the student will have become so familiar with the frequently recurring forms and phrases as to be able to take down new matter at a moderate speed, and with far greater accuracy of outline than he would should he attempt to take such matter before he is thoroughly familiar with these exercises. For speed practice, or for acquiring mauual dexterity in wieldirig the pen, it is good practice to write the same matter over and over every day throughout the course ; such practice need take but an hour each day, when it can be sup- xi plemented with a new arrangement of words. The practice of stereotyped exercises of this kind is analogous to the practice of the pianist in running scales; it gives facility in execution, which could not be acquired by con- stantly changing to new exercises. As soon as the beginner can write the exercises given in the book with facility, and can analyze, phonetically, un- familiar words, we would advise a due admixture of both old and new matter for practice old matter for speed practice, and new matter to enlarge one's vocabulary. It is of little importance what the new matter is, so long as it pertains to current literature sermons, political speeches, lectures on scien- tific subjects, etc. Perhaps one of the very best works for general dictation is Prof. Drummond's " Natural Law in the Spiritual World." Another kind of practice exceedingly beneficial to the student is that of reading vocalized and unvocalized exercises found in phonographic books and magazines. No matter whether or not the short-hand corresponds to the particular style taught, so long as it is Pitmanic ; it will do the student good to puzzle over forms and study them out, and he will acquire in a much shorter time a vocabulary of phonographic words that would otherwise take him years to acquire. Of course a great deal of amateur writing will be found in the magazines, but with a little judgment the reader will quickly select the gold from the dross. TECHNICAL RRPORTING. No better material for legislative reporting and general practice can be found than the Legislative Phrases here given. The list of Law Forms and Contractions will be found invaluable to the young law stenographer. For other special lines of reporting, the student must be governed by the literature applying to the work in which he is engaged ; if medical, he will find the best works for practice in the " Ouiz-Compends " on Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Medica, Surgery, etc. These books are better than medical treatises, as they are condensed, containing all that the reporter will require arranged in the form of questions and answers. \ud so in Science, and Art, and Mechanics, the learner can easily find the necessary works in any large public library. The business letters, reports of testimony, judge's charges, general law matter, speeches, etc., contained in this work, will be found more than suffi- cient for the requirements of the beginner. Xll GENERAL DIRECTIONS TO THE STUDENT. Ruled paper should always be used for short-hand note-taking ; books specially arranged for the purpose, with lines ruled half an inch apart, can always- be obtained at the stationers. For beginners Foolscap will answer every purpose. Double-ruled paper is not recommended, it tends to con- fuse the writer. Some teachers claim that it enables the beginner to write more uniformly ;" but our experience is that it is better to educate the eye from the beginning to the proper size of the characters rather than to be dependent on doubled ruled lines. PEN, INK, PENCII,. A fine steel pen, of almost any standard make, wi^ answer the purpose ; but a short-nibbed, fine-pointed gold pen is superior in every way. Such a pen, in a reliable fountain holder, can be relied- upon. If a fountain holder is used the writer should not fail to have an ink-well close at hand to dip from in case of an emergency, as the very best fountain is liable to clog if not properly cared for. Keep the ink-well covered when not in use ; otherwise dust, and other foreign matter, will lodge in it, to be picked up on the point of the pen and possibly causing a blot on the page. The ink used should be of the finest quality, jet-black, or ink that will quickly turn black. Pale and colored inks are hard on the eyes, especially if much reading is done at night. The pen admits of much faster writing than the pencil, as there is less friction-, and of greater legibility of notes; it is often convenient to use a pencil, especially if the writer is taking notes where it would be inconvenient to use ink, so its occasional use is recommended- For pencil practice a soft and rather rough paper should be used, while the smoother the surface of the paper for pen practice the better. The pen should be held in the ordinary way as for long-hand writing ; some seem to think that it is better held between the first and second fingers, but the majority of writers hold it between the thumb and first finger. PRACTICE. Be systematic in your practice, and confine it strictly to the exercises in the book until you can write phonetically. Make haste slowly ; speed will come with practice. Never draw short-hand characters, but write them ; making each character as quickly as you can and write it correctly. Do not practice for speed without good forms, but for speed with good forms. Do not acquire a halting, hesitating movement of the hand ; false movements retard speed. Read over what you write ; lay aside each day a few pages of your best practice matter and then try to read it when it is " cold." xiii PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET. CONSONANTS. Letter. Phonograph. Pronounced. Examples of its poiver. X \ P \ pee as in rope /ost B \ bee rode 3oast T tee " fa/e ''P jj | J D dee farfe a'ip ? 1 CH / chay " fJch rAest J / jay edge yest K: kay lee/6 one ^G gay league .fain ^ , ^~ ef sa/e /at V ^ vee " S a ^ ^e ;>at TH ( ith wrea/A /Aigh TH C thee "" wrea/Ae /Ay \ S ) ess " hi55 .real .5 Z zee " his real SH J ish visions *fc ^ZH J zhee " vision * * T M ^ em " see;* wet i s N ^s en see wet < i k NG N^X ing " sing * | XL r el, lay " fa// /ight a" ^ ^^ ar, ray for right 1 J^w ~^ way * wet \ Y r vay * ret C ^ Aspirate. H c hay " * Aigh ADDITIONAL SIGNS. Rav. Iss, . -^ ^ A R */^ RAY (upward R) 1 / \ ^ \ ^ \ ING HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. W or WAY 'f Y or YAY ^> C Hot HAY S H TICK 5. Write the letters in the following combinations until they can be pnnxwncal without looking at the Key. Each letter should be written without lifting the pen the second beginning where the first ends, the third beginning at the end of the second, etc. Follow the engraved exercises carefully in making angles where angles are made, and avoid making them where they are not made. Write each unshaded character v.ilh as delicate a line a possible, and shade each heavy stem just enough to distinguish it from the light ones. \ ZL:L p-k k-p t-u n-t d-k d-m d-u t-k k-t n-d k-b -b k-jay n-chay n-jay chay-in b-n n-p p-gay gay-p gay-t t-gay m-m k-m k-n n-k m-k -n-ja\ n-m m-n 1-ing m-p 1-k m-s m-ing b-ing 1-r f-n f-m k-v ga>'-n ga>'-m chay-gay -7 gay-chay v-n ish-k ish-ga> - k-ish ish-ing ish-n tl>ee-m ith-m r-gay r-n r-m r-mg r-m-ing r-m-k t-m-k t-m-n m-n-k n-t-m-k n-1 n-la\ I. / \ Ill \ x I T~7 p-ith p-t f-d v-t chay-p ish-p ish-d f-chay p-chay r-r p-1 f-1 v-1 p-jy t-k K a y-g a >' t-t d-d chay-chay jay-jay 6. The letter ( /, when standing alone, is written up-.vard ; when joined to HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 3 other stems it may be written upward or downward ; as \ l-k C^~*\ l-m. When written upward in connection with another stroke it is called lay, to distinguish it from the downward Stroke. 7. When writing from dictation, if you are told to write l-k, use the downward stroke, C. l-k; if told to write lay-t^ use the upward stroke, f] lay-t. This second name for / is convenient for the purpose of distinguishing between the upward and the downward stroke, but has nothing to do with the power of the letter. L is a liquid con- sonant, and always has the same sound. In many words it is silent, as in balm, calm, palm; in such cases we have no use for it, as all silent letters are omitted in phonetic writing. 8. Two rs are necessarj' for the purpose of making better angles in certain com- binations of letters, as in the example lay-t, given above ; were the downward stroke of / ussd in connection with t the outline would, in rapid writing, assume an entirely different form from the one intended. 9. To facilitate the combination of outlines r is also provided with two signs the curved or downward i r, and the upward r, called ^ ray in contradistinction to the downward stroke. If you are told to write ray-k, use the upward stroke, / ray-k; if told to write r-kay, use the downward stroke, 1 r-k. The letter r is never silent, and frequently affects both the long and the short sounds of vowels. 10. In a few cases / ish, in combination with other steins, is written upward, and is then called shay, to distinguish it from the downward stroke ish. This charac- ter is a combination of s and h and of ^ and h, according to its sound in the words i'n which it is heard, and is called a digraph. Digraphs are combinations of letters repre- senting only one sound. Two consonants cannot be pronounced in one syllable, in Eng- lish, without the aid of vowel ; so a syllable is made of sh by placing t before it, giving it the name of ish. 1 1. H, or AFTER A CONSONANT. \ v. li / The dash-vowels should be written at a right angle, or nearly so. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 7 21. RULE FOR WRITING LONG SECOND-PLACE VOWELS. A second-place vowel occurring between two consonants, when long, is wruten to the first. 22. The second-place heavy-dot vowel is a; it has the long sound of 5 in * ache, and is always written to the middle of the consonant, thns: A ^ ^ XI \ V |. |. (Z~ rate rage ray raid bay pay day gay take lay 2 > ^ -C >r \. ^, V^ may say nay mail pail bake vague dale lathe gale fame rake fake lake - relav lame hate shake dela age ache ape 23. RULE FOR WRITING THIRD-PLACE VOWELS. Third-place vowels, whether long or shoft^ are written to the second consonant. 24. The third-place heavy-dot vowel is a; it has the long sound of a in ^ -3z#hn, and is always written at the end of the consonant, thus: hah 25- palm Shah bar' 1 farm HEAVY-DASH VOWELS. The first-place heavy-dash vowel is a (aw) ; it has the broad sound of a in gnaw, and is always written at the beginning of the consonant, thus : \r ?- -r f Paul 26. C 21)- ball tall awl shawl maul haw pshaw The second-place heavy-dash vowel is <); it has the lorlg sound of a in ra, and is always written to the middle of the consonant, thus (See Rule \r x\ toll bowl knoll goal rope road vogue k mow 27- more no toe mobile obey opaque robe mope loathe The third-place heavy-dash vowel is o; it has the long sound of do in iiw y_>. /\ X ^ L boom boot boor toi iv moor 7=3 mooring /O ' rouge NOTE. Wheu reading the exercises in the following lessons, cover the translation with a card so that it shall not be seen when analyzing the phonographic ontlines. If there is any doubt as to the correctness of your translation, refer at once to the Key, as one of the great objects of the Interlinear method is to prevent mistakes. It is said that first impressions are the most lasting ; and this seems to be particularly true of short-hand ; therefore it is of the utmost importance that the student should follow copy closely, and not at- tempt to write anything outside of his exercises until he is thoroughly familiar with the outlines of a large number of words such as are met with in current literature and in daily business correspondence. Do not imagine that by a free use of the translations you will be learning words simply by "rote," or in a parrot-like manner, as some theoretical teachers, who know very little of practical short-hand, seem to think. No one ever became a short-hand writer without practice, and practice consists in repeating, and re- peating very frequently, too. You may have observed that in this text-book an unusual number of examples are given to illustrate each principle, and that perhaps the same things are said in several places ; this is done intentionally, because the only sure road to mental acquirement, as well as to facility in executing with the fingers, is by repetition. When reference is made to Rules or Paragraphs, they should be referred to at once, unless the pupil is already familiar with them. Students who wish to make rapid advancement, and reach a point where the practice will be more inter- esting, should not write the simple exercises a greater number of times than is indicated in " Questions and Exercises on the Lesson," as it will consume time unnecessarily, for these, or similar exercises, will have to be written many times in their unvocalized forms in subsequent lessons. The word-signs and unvocalized sentences cannot be written too many times. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON II. 15. How many vowel sounds are there in Phonography, and how are they repre- sented? How are the six long vowels indicated? The six short vowels? Which is written first, the vowel or consonant? 16. How are the vowels distinguished from each other, and what are they called? A first-place vowel is where written? A second-place vowel? A third-place vowel? Sound the three heavy-dot vowels^.-the ' three heavy -dash vowels. Why are they placed to the consonant stern /? Sound the vowels in the "Table of Long Vowels" several times, or until thoroughly familiar with them ; thus. ^, a, ati; aw, o, oo. 17. Give the rule for reading vowels before and after consonants. 18. Give the rule for writing first-place vowels. 19. What is the first-place heavy-dot vowel, sound, and where written? Write each example five times. 20. From where is vowel position reckoned? Write each line five times. 21. Give the rule for writing second- place vowels when long. 22. What is the second-place heavy-dot vowel, sound, and where written? Write each example five times. 23. Give the rule for writing third- place vowels. 24. What is^the third-place heavy-dot vowel, sound, and where written? Write each example five times. 25. What is the first-place heavy-dash vowel, sound, and where written? This vowel has what is called the broad sound of a, as in fall, wn-T-I-k, l-T-t, l-T<\ giving the vowel its proper sound both in spelling and in pronunciation. SHORT VOWELS. i st- Place Light- Dot Vowel, ist-Place Light- Dash Vowel fas in Jt o as in on. 2d-Placc Light- Dot Vowel 3d-Place Light-Dot Vowel c zd-Place Light-Dash Vowel -| u e as 111 met a as iu at ? as in iip jd-Place Light-Dash Vowel 88 off as in 29. The first-place light-dot vowel is f; it has the short sound of T in s and is always written at the beginning of the consonant, thus (See Rule, page 5 ): milk limb live Lily thick lip vim dim hit tick guinea finny king kitty pig big pill pick fill filly billy rip rib billow jill chimney giddy fig rig ship jib tip jockey HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. itch niche nib nick iiHiny Minnie mill miff 30. Rri.K FOR WRITING SHORT SECOND-PLACE VOWELS. Second-place vowels, when short, are written before the sccomi consonant. 31. The second-place light-dot vowel is e; it has the short sound of e in fgg, and is always written to the middle of the consonant, thus: bell dell \ / -I /- ebb etch eddy jelly Xclly peck peg 2 V- -^y ^ r /^ /7 berry merry- keg egg ell gem ledge knell Perry r"- v v wreck wrench leg bellow fellow mellow meadow poem penny levy lessee lower laity gayety legacy cherry poet fed bed jet death petty petty- fetch jetty bevy fc-Htrtfc 32. The third-place light-dot vowel is a; it has the short sound of a in " ^' am, and is always written at the end of the consonant, thus: galley Nancy Fanny \ knack /.I rat nag rag back pack nap mam rap lap cap mash rash cash gash lhaBbv shallow narrow faro b'alch ^ J patch paa pad add ash at hat farrier famish piano LIGHT-DASH VOWELS. 33. The first-place light-dash vowel is o: it has the short sound of o in ^ ' on, and is always written at the beginning of the consonant, thus: HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 7 lobby lofty doll loll knob notch mop lodge Z, F jog jolly bonny Polly jockey rocky volley Molly r Q. < lock thong fog foggy cog coffee cob 34. The second-place light-dash vowel is ; it has the short sound of in and is always written to the middle of the consonant, thus (Set- Rule, bug rug dug tug budge fudge funny bugg \ mummy muddy gummy tongue hung lung buck "? /\ numb thumb lunge dumb dum much nib sin duck love cuff bulk money ruddy 35. The third-place light-dash vowel is tf; it has the short sound of oo in - nook, and is always written at the end of the consonant, thus: ^f- pulley book .rook cook foot) shook pull -\^ bullv V -I bullet V 1 pullet root fully look hook QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON III. 28. What are the names of the light-dot and light-dash vowels? How are they written with reference to the consonants? In connection with what letter are they most easily pronounced, and what may they be called? What is said in regard to giving the long and the short sound of vowels? 29. What is the first-place light-dot vowel, and where written? Write each example five times. 30. Give the rule for writing second- place vowels when short. 3 1 . What is the second-place light-dot vowel, and where is it written? Write each example five times. 32. What is the third-place light-dot vowel, and where is it written? 33. What is the first-place light-dash vowel, and where is it written? Write each example five times. 34. What is the second-place light-dash vowel, and where is it written? Write each example five times. 35. What is the third- place light-dash vowel, and where is it written? Write each example five times. LESSON IV. DIPHTHONGS POSITION OF CONSONANTS. 36. There are four proper or perfect diphthongs, which occupy two positions to the consonant stem, at the beginning and at the end. They are represented by small angular characters, as in the following table: I 01 aisle oil OU EW ieiv 37. The diphthong signs always point exactly up or down, in this respect differing from the dash vowels which accommodate themselves to the direction of the consonant stroke. The sign for / does not depend upon position for legibility, and, when conveni- ent, may be written in the second or third position to the consonant. When standing alone, it represents the pronoun /. The sign for * nv represents the pronoun you. 38. When placed to a consonant stem, diphthongs are read in the same manner as the simple vowels. (See Rule, Ti 17)- 39. / has the sound of aJ in w rt/'sle ; and, although classed with the first-posi- tion vowels, owing to its shape, it may be written in any one of the three positions, thus: V \ tie by sigh lie die fie shy ice eyes ire mile \ V x 1 1 C C u zV r v- ' ' y v- v yy -^^^ ^-^ pie dial ivy Ida eyed icy thigh thy vie nigh my , v . v I I i i 3 I/ 7 " ( y y >* l^~^y v,, ^ | y V ->s v- x^ tiara ally high pile time tiny dike rhyme dime ride gibe idol China kite hide lyre knife alike 6 \ i l like Nile belie mica Siam timely tire M L n \r ^ Jf 1 vi -u^ i v\ r .^-^ <~^LS V) Pica unite attire alight dial higher rely Zion 7 \ j I ^ J ; ; v. ^ ^ 1 V \ 1 ! v * pipe tide t\-;x: abidt lidy tithe byway bite fife five HVMPHRKY'S INTKKUXKAR SHORT-HAND. 40. OI has the sound of oi in *( oil, and is always written at the beginning of the consonant, thus : /" V A ! V- L toy boy joy coy coil boil decoy enjoy annoy foil toil ahoy boiler 41- OU has the sound of on in /O consonant, thus : 1 ( v O boyish envoy joyous toiler h0r, and is always written at the end of the / /^ L L ,, 1 3C5 .v.' thou bow cow now mouth couch allow avow avowal Dow 1 J^ pouch 3 1 power A^ bower -nr- downy dowe^ ( AY. hourly towt^ vowel cower ) ^ aowel A( cowl A/ gouge A fowl Oouch endo ! A w dot ghty shower 42. Ell' has the sound of eiv in consonant, thus: ' I ",) ') ( new, and is always written at the end of the due vouth few view mule furv pure 43. . When two vowels, or a diphthong and a vowel, precede the first or only con- v ! sonant in a word, the first one uttered is written farthest from the stroke, as in "|. Iota, l. Iowa. If two vowels follow the stroke, the last is written farthest from it, as in \/ * <\ Ohio, |. idea '. Noah. POSITION OF CONSONANTS. 44. The pupil will observe that the consonant outlines of all the foregoing ex- amples are written either above, on, or below the line of writing. These positions corres- pond to the first, second, and third accented vowel positions. The object of writing a word in the position of its accented vowel is to imply the vowel without writing it, there- by adding greatly to the speed with which phonography may be written. To illustrate, take the word meek. Its accented vowel is the first-position long o> or on the line) stands for am, may, him ; chay stands for each, chay for which, and chay 3 for natch. 61. GRADED OR CONTRASTED EXERCISES. Graded exercises are here introduced for the purpose of rapidly advancing the student to a thorough comprehension of the principles of Phonography as applied to the swiftest verbatim reporting, to which his future practice will be confined, with the exception of a few exercises composed of fully vocalized outlines, to enable him to understand how to use the vowels when the exigen- HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 17 cies of reporting require it. Until the pupil is familiar with vocalized phonography, the first line of these contrasted exercises will be vocalized ; the second line shows the same sentence unvocalized, with word-signs introduced, and the third line shows the same sen- tence phrased, and written in the brief "reporting style." (The word "vocalized," as used in Phonography, indicates that the vowels are placed to the consonant outline.) This method of showing at a glance, as it were, the gradations thrpugh which the student must pass to reach verbatim speed, has many advantages over the old method of requiring him to practice for months on the more elementary forms before venturing in- to the field of Reporting Word-signs and Contractions. If the instructions hereafter given are faithfully followed, the student may expect to acquire a degree of proficiency in three months which had never before been thought possible. 62. PHRASING. Phrasing is the joining together of words that naturany combine into phrases or clauses, and its judicious use adds materially to speed and legibility. Words that are phrased in the following sentences are connected with hyphens ; as, you- may-be; I-will; some-time-ago, etc. 63. When a word-sign represents several words, the sign-words will be inclosed in parentheses. When reading the exercises cover the translation with a card, but refer to it whenever there is doubt as to the correctness of your translation. (Read 5 times.) You may be up my way some time to-day; when I shall be glad to see U J <^$ &- ^ E* =^^ 1 ^i t^ ^$ i^-si X.^ you at my house. If you come I will show you my new piano. (Write 20 times.) You may be up my way some time to-day; when I shall be glad to see you at my house. If you come I will show yon my new piano. (Write 25 times.) (a) (b) (c) I -shaft - You-may-be up my-way some-time to-4ay; when I-shSrl-be-glad to see-you at 6 ,^^ o V_n / J / v, N^^ my house. If-you-come I-will show-you my new piano. (Read 5 times.) A ? sli c i ' c . f o ^ *- *- * ^ ^ ^ It is as I liave slid, and he knows that it is so, and I think that they 8 /- ( v /I'S * \ ( '\ '^\ ^ v V VyX V. S V- ^vl \^ )* V I ) .) all know that I am right when I say that it is as I 1 8 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. (Write 20 limes ) w 9 I v ^ f . - ^j> < I M . v ( < ( It is as I have said, and he knows that it is so, and I think that they 10 \ '3 . < v _X| ^ v ) C I o o all know that I am right when I say that it is as I have stated. know L V T ^j> <. ) ^ ( > It-is as I-hav 55- What are contractions? 56. How are word-signs and contractions written ? 57. Can a word-sign represent more than one word? How are they distinguished from each other? 58. What is said in regard to monosyllables? 59. For what purpose is the s-circle added? 60. How should word-signs be spoken of? 61. Read this paragraph. 62, What is phrasing? '9 LESSON VI. ISS, Z AND SES-CIRCLES, ST AND STR LOOPS. 64. 5 and z represent sounds of such frequent occurrence that it is necessary to provide an additional sign to the full-length stems by writing a small circle to the con- sonant. This circle is called iss, to distinguish it from the consonant stem s. 65. fss is written on the inside of perpendicular and inclined stems by a motion contrary to that of the hands of a clock, as in figure i ; and on the concave side of curves in the direction of the curve, as in figure 2. When occurring between strokes, the circle is written in the most convenient way, as in the following examples : Figure i Figure 2 . iss-l-iss EXAMPLES. X J- t-iss-t-iss d-iss-r-iss j-iss-t-iss d-iss-k-iss v-iss-1-iss . s-iss-t-iss f-iss-1-t k-iss-t-m-iss iss-1-iss-t-iss m-iss-1-iss iss-r-m-iss 1-iss-r iss-f-r-isy iss-t-iss-m-iss m-iss-mg r-iss-mg n-iss-ing 66. Words with iss joined are vocalized the same as if they had no circle attached. The initial circle is always read first ; then any vowels placed before the consonant; then the consonant; then the vowels following it; lastly the final circle, thus: sages suppose safely schemes 67. The rules for vocalization apply only when both consonants between which the vowel occurs are written with strokes. When a stroke and a circle are written together the vowel is placed to the stem in connection with which it is immediately sounded, even though it is contrary to the rule for writing second- and third-place vowels, thus : HfMPHRF.Y'S . JNTERUXKAR SHORT-HAND. gusset dnsk innsk musty mask bask task nisk According to the rule, the short vowels in these words should be written to the second stroke; but this cannot be done, because of the intervening circle. 68. When a word begins with s, use the circle, thus: pv pv r r- ^ v stye stay spike spoke speak snake sneak 69. When a word ends with s or s, use the circle, thus: lace less loss toss moss mice mess nice guise 70. When a word begins with s or z preceded by a vowel, use the stroke, thus: ' . oozing ease owes ooze easy Esau Isaac Aztec 71. When a word begins with .? followed immediately by a vowel, use the stroke, thus : zealously Zion zeal zealous zany zero zinc 72. When a worjd ends with a vowel preceded immediately by s or 2, use the stroke, thus : n Jtssie fussy mossy massy cozy lazy gauzy assignee 73. EXAMPLES. Q ^ P >Q _^ p ^ '} space spice stays sneeze slays slice snows easier T tattv disk task tusk basks K 35 ? cask sought gustj' nasty sit sight sat valleys sad seen same 4o . ^ ^ V^s ^ l <_> Q : sake soon sick sack sin sing sung save HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. >{ ^ v '^ ^ ^ -f ^ / justice soup seal soul seem sane sear sowed siege sage 6\ K \ ' X '^" if ,fk sip sup sap sought such sill sag sell sum 7 ) I J ZIY ^ ^=4 N ! > C stormiest strange strangeness strength string strong strongest strung strangest 9 /F k . If _i-L_ tify tasJjefu artistic testify tasJjeful destiny majestic justify elastic Buddhistic eulogized catechised chastised disposed reposed despised infused raised noised sneezed hazed housed perused caroused theorized \ HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 23 Ir ^ 4 _ __ X-T^ 3L_ paused abused dazed accused suffused amused amazed beasts tests pastor duster jester coaster castor feaster faster foster vaster wrester muster Nestor sinister youngster songster Hester ancestor QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON VI. 64. Why is it necessary to provide an additional sign for s and 2, and what is the sign? What is it called? 65. How is us written on the inside of perpendicular and in- clined stems? How on the concave side of stems? How when occurring between stems? Write each example under this paragraph five times. 66. How are words with iss joined vocalized? How is the initial circle read? How are the vowels read? When is the final circle read? Write the examples under this paragraph five times. 67. When do the rules for vocalization apply? When a stem and a circle are written together, how is the vowel placed? According to the rule, how should these vowels be written? Write the examples under this paragraph five times. 68. What is said about words beginning with s? 69. About words ending with j or z? 70. About words beginning with s or z preceded by a vowel? 71. About words beginning with 2 followed immediately by a vowel? 72. About words ending with a vowel preceded immediately by s or *? 73. Write each example under this paragraph, and under paragraphs 68, 69, 70, 71 and 72, five times. 74. How are the syllables ses, sis, sys, etc. Represented? 75. How may the .^-circle be vocalized? 76. How are st and sir pronounced, and how are the sounds represented? St occupies about what proportion of the consonant stem? Str about what proportion? 77. How is a circle added to the large circles and loops? 78. How are the stems with loops attached vocalized? Write the examples under this paragraph five times. LESSON VII. VOCALIZED READING EXERCISE 79. In reading this exercise, the student should spell out each word carefully, so as to become familiar with the vowels and their positions. 80. In the construction of sentences, words involving principles in advance of the lesson were unavoidably used here and there : the paragraphs explaining them may be referred to during the progress of the lesson, or the student may wait until he reaches them in due course of study. For instance, the words instructor, instructing, subscriber, English, language, and advantage, involve the use of the in-, /-, r-, and a>-hooks, the vtg-Aot, and the tialving principle Reference-marks are placed above some of these words, so that the paragraphs explaining them may be referred to without loss of time. .81. Upon the completion of this lesson the student will be sufficiently familiar with the vocalization of simple words; this style will therefore be discontinued in the following lessons, and words will be vocalized only where it is necessary to illustrate some principle, or where legibility requires it NOTE. The foot-notes to which the reference-marks refer will be found On page 29. READING EXERCISE. (Cover translation and read five times.) (b) I hope that all of the members of the party are happy, and <) <) / V fc ]y \ C ^. ^. ^ L each will take advantage of the opportunity given him to _ (e) _(d) L^ ._ tJt subscribe a dollar to pay an instructor for instructing our young \ ~ f\ people in the English language. Few, if any, ever wish to see .) -( 1 (X v ^r U* L_^ . -S themselves as otherS see them. I will try to come, because we T S ~>v I VSS/""^ *N ^ r (- V. _ J _ A _ U / _ IT I A IV 1 . ^ ,, ^ that we womd do so ; we will meet here, and all go there together. have promised v^,-.. 6 . nd dollars several He promised me a thousand dollars several months ago ; I hope HUMPHREY'S IXTKRLIXKAR SHORT-HAXD. .1 c uc *s; c ^.^i/^ n c. that he will pay me at this time, for I wish the money very much. It is'usual 9|. r* ) C.Vl C ^ C -^ 7 I- ^| f to allow us the use of the carriage for an hour each day, and they usually to_^ Jk j | C U^S 'I ^ ^ ( with it Now thalt come out at this time with it Now that my attention is called to it, I _ never Knew him to own anything, or have or hold any stock in any company. CO C ^ "i c ^^, C This is the rule, and this has been the rule, as it was made by themselves. Am, may, and Aim are represented by the same signs in short- hand; this is a thing tnat is commonly done I think he c C & . _ thanked' him several times for the thouand dollars given him. c- c Though thou wilt refuse, thou shalt go, and she shall accompany thee. The company has come, and will accompany you on the way. SIMPLE CONSONANT WORD-SIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS. NOTE. These word-signs should be memorized, either by writing the following sentences in which they occur, over and over again, or by writing each word-sign, singly, a great many times, as given in the list. \ N up (hope happy party) by be to-be subject subjected it (at out) time its itself do / / , / - -r had dollar each which much advantage common commonly (come company) _ - - ^l .> I . I C accompany-ied because give-n (together go ago) if for few ever have however several 26 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 4 \ f 2 k (. va ( think (thank-ed thousand) (thee thy) (them they) (though thou) these this (those j <* > ) } V ) J J thus) (this-is this-has themselves) see so (us use) was use (wish she) (shall shalt) r 1 d usual-ly (will wilt) (whole-ly allow) (here her) are (our hour) (hers herself) (ours our- ^ ^/ ^ ^^ ^ self) ourserv lf) ourselves me-y (am may him) whom myself himself (in any) (no know) now (knew own) influence influences influenced thing (language length) 9 ^ ^ ->> ^ r c < (long along young) why way away your (yours yourself) yourselves. WORD-SIGN SENTENCES. 82. These are the same sentences that are given in the preceding exercise, but written in the Reporting Style. They should be written and re-written until the student can write them easily at the rate of fifty words a minute ; they should then be dictated to him at the rate of about sixty words a minute reading them over and over for an hour at a time, but never fester than the writer can take the words down and fonn perfect out- lines. 'As soon as the student can write the unphrased sentences easily, and is familiar with each word-sign in the list and its proper position, the greater part of his practice should be given to the phrased sentences, writing them from dictation for an hour or two each day, until he can write them at the rate of one hundred words a minute, and then reviewing them from time to time until they can be written at the rate of one hundred and fifty words a minute. 83. When writing from dictation, if you cannot put the words down at the rate of at least forty words a minute, stop the dictation and practice writing the characters a few hours before attempting to write from dictation again. If you hesitate on any particular word, underscore it, and when through with dictation look it up and write it hundreds of times ; waste a ream of paper, if necessary, in order to memorize it 84. The directions for practice, given at the beginning of each exercise, are intend- ed for those who are pursuing the study without the aid of a teacher, and who may not know how to assign lessons for themselves. Teachers can use their judgment in the number of times the student should be required to writ" each exercise before attempting to write from dictation. WRITING EXERCISE NOTE. The word-signs given in these sentences will be found in the list on page 15. The hundredth word in each exercise for dictation is underscored, and the number printed in the margin ; at the conclusion of the exercise the fall number is given. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAXD. (Copy twenty times. \Vritc from dictation twenty -five times.) (a) (W v \ C^^ >c \ V" x \ v V \ ^ \ / I hope that all of the members of the party are happy, and that each will take (c) ' _ / - _ -V r > t^ I .\ .1- advantage of the opportunity given him to subscriBe a dollar to pay an instructor V T V. L. V V_X V. ^^ ^-^ ^- for instructing onr young people in the English language. Few, if any, ever wish -x (e) (b) 4. ; 6 o ^ c v r - * i to see themselves as others see them. I will try to come, because we have promised 10 ( ) M them that we would do so ; we will meet here, then all will go there together. He V-^ -^ ^ I ^ ^~t v \ < ' r \ ^ promised me a thousand dollars several months ago; I hope that he will pay me c promptly this time, for I wish the money very much. It is usual to allow us the use "- ^7^ .-. /I < -J - ' ' of the cairiage tor an hour each day, and they usually cone out at this time with it. (0 9 . Now that my attention is called to it, I never knew him to own anything, or- to (g) . L 6 \ ' have or to hold stock in any company. This is the rule, and this has been the rule, as it was made by themselves. Am, may, and Aim are represented by the C same sign in short-hand ; this is a thing that is commonly done. I think he thanked I r g him several times for the thousand dollars given him. Though thon wilt refuse, 28 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 14 x j _ . ^ j _ _ o _ . r thou shalt go, and she shall accompany thee. The company has come, and will accompany you on the way. (227 words.) WRITING EXERCISE PHRASED. (Copy twenty-five times. Write from dictation twenty-five times.) \ * i * ( J \~~ \ \ / ^o V times .for-the thousand-Hollars given-him. Though thou-wilt refuse, thou shalt go, b x r and she shall accompany thee. The company has-come, and-will accompany-you 5 ^ on-the-way. (228 words.) (a) See 1 175. (b) 1 129. (c) 1 193- . (d) 1 233. (e) 1 218- (f) 1 128-175. (g) 1 143. (h) H-tick to express him. (i) Writing a character below and against the line express to. (e) ^ 139.- QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON VII. Read paragraphs 79 and 80. Make free use of the reference-notes; you will v learn many principles in advance of the lesson, and thereby hasten your progress. No person can hope to make a rapid writer without dictation. If two or more are studying together, take turns in dictating to each other ; if studying by yourself, employ some one to read the exercises over to you for two or three hours each day. Lose no opportunity to write from dictation; do not fail to go over the exercises tints written and correct mistakes, and then write the outlines of the corrected words fiftv or a hundred times each. 3o LESSON VIII. RULES FOR WRITING L OR LAY, R OR RAY, ISH OR SHAY. 85. When / is written ufnvard it is called lay, to distinguish it from the don-n- icard stroke /. L is written upward when it is the only consonant in a word, thus: c r ^ c c c ale oil sale less soil laws loss lost laced lie ally lose. 86. When / is the first consonant in a word not preceded by a vowel, and is followed by _ k, gay, or x v in, it is written upward, thus: ^ 1 VT^S ff ' lamb lake lame lucky leg Logos Lacedemonia look lack Luke. 87. When / is preceded by a vowel and followed by a consonant, it is written downward, thus : C ., along Alleghany alkali alum Aldska alack illuminate alike. 88. L should be written upward when immediately followed by a downward stroke, thus: >rv (7 ^ elbow elegy lobe lady allowed allude loop looser Louisiana. 89. When / is the final consonant in a word and is followed by a vowel, it is written upward, thus: _ -&. fellow follow billow below serially aily lamely valley tally. 90. Final / is.best written upward, even when it is not followed by a vowel, after Pi k k, gay, chay, jay, and m, thus : bill keel kill gill chill jail mill pill mail 91. After f, v, ray, hay, if any vowels follow, / is written downward, thus: Vr r r feel file vile revile vail hulling healing fail avail vowel. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 92. When / precedes ing it is usually written downward, thus : V r. ^ T7 falling long lung spettirig sling slang faiWBg feeling. n r is the first c( thus: x\ A 93. When r is the 6rst consonant in a word not preceded by a vowel, ray is generally usel, thus : x\ reap rope rip rap ripe rib robe rate read reach roach rage ridge rake rack rag 4 review rug reef rough wreath wreathe wrath writhe rise rice raise rose rash rush rogue reel rang. 94. Exception is made to the above rule when the following consonant is m, which forms a better angle with the downward stroke, as in remiss rhyme roam rum remedy reminisence rim ream ram. 95. When initial r is preceded by a vowel, the downward stroke is usually em- ployed, thus: < 1. A> > arise ear irksome Arctjc oars heirs our ark early orb or. 96. When the next consonant following r is a. downward stroke, except p, 6, /, and v, to secure better outlines, ray is used, even when preceded by a vowel, thus: <\ ^ arduous aright arrayed arid radiite radius earth urge arch. 97. When r is the final consonant in a word, and is followed by a vowel, ray is used, thus: borrow burrow tory Dora cherry chary tarry bureau Peru Peri jury Jerry carry curry gory fairy vary dairy savory dory HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. theorized theory thorough zero shefty Laura miry salary _ Nero narrow inarry Murat caress carouse Monterey Harry hurry Coterie Morris Murray Morrow aspiratory sorcery tomfoolery tyro. 98. When no vowel follows r, the downward stroke is usually employed, thus : \ \ \ I I I S S S are'' tar' tower pier bier tear fur po*r paiv power tare" tar 1 tower sho J chair fair^ far*' Cza> wooer shart core lower soar charr fair-^ fer^ Cza^ wi 99. When r is preceded by m, ray, or two downward strokes, ray is used, thus rare roar career barrier carrier furor posterior terror inferior. 100. When r with an initial circle or steh loop is the only consonant in a word, and is both preceded and followed by a vowel, it is written upward, thus : sorry series Sarah story surry serf QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON VIlI. 85. What is the upward stem for / called? Why? When / is the only consonant in a word, how is it written? 86. When it is the first consonant in a word not preceded by a vowel and is followed by , gay, or ;, how is it written? 87. How when it is pre- ceded by a vowel and followed by a consonant? 88. How when a downward stem im- mediately follows it? 89. How when it is the final consonant in a word followed by a vowel? 90. After what letter is final / best written upward? 91. How is / written after _/J Z', ray, and hay, if followed by a vowel? 92. How is / preceding ing usually written? 93. When r is the first consonant in a word not preceded by a vowel, which form is generally used? 94. What is the exception to this rule? 95. When initial r is preceded by a vowel, which stroke is usually employed? 96. When is ray used to secure better outlines? 97. When r is the final consonant in a word followed by a vowel, which form is used? 98. When no vowel follows, which form is generally used? 99. When r is preceded by m, ray, or two downward strokes, which form is used? 100. When r with an initial circle or steh-loop is the only consonant, and is preceded and followed by a vowel, which form is used? Read each example under the preceding paragraphs ten times, and write them once. 33 LESSON IX. DIFFERENT METHODS OF EXPRESSING W AND K 101. The sounds of 1 w and f y never occur in English except before vowels; and occur so frequently that, in addition to the full-length stems, brief signs are provided, called c weh, D with, u yeh, * yuh, and the ?"-hook. 102. The full-length stems for w and y are used in the following cases : 103. In all words, except c we, in which w is the only consonant ; as in i weigh, l woe, Xwoo. 104. When w is followed by s; as in d weighs, 5" waste, a wise, west 105. When a vowel precedes w, as in j _ awake, A. awoke. 106. Y is used in most words, except u ye and n yott, in which y is the only con- sonant, as in f* yea, in yew, and in the words oke yaxfa. yesterday yews yes yeas yeast Yost yeomaii yahoo n/yule yoke y 107. The brief signs for w and y, c weh, -3 with, o yeh, /> yuh, are placed to the consonant-stem to give the sound of w and y to the vowel whose position they occupy; they are made heavy to represent the heavy-dot and dash-vowels, and light to correspond to the light-dot and light-dash vowels. 108. To add w to the heavy-dot vowel e, c weh is placed to the consonant-stem in the position occupied by e, forming rc-e, thus : T c f c \ c \ weed weedy Swede sweep weep weave week ween weal weakest. 109. To add w to the heavy-dot vowel a, c weh is placed to the consonant-stem in the position of a, forming zv-fl, as in wade wave swayed waif wain wait wake Wales wage wages. no. It should be remembered that weh, to express the heavy-dot vowels, is always shaded Jicavy and opens to the right. To indicate the light-dot vowels, it is placed to the consonant-stem in the same manner, but not shaded, as in wish wit widow wet web wed wedge wick wig win wiolh will. in. To add w to the dash vowel series, ? wuh is used made heavy to represent heavy-dash vowels, and light for the light-dot vowels, and always opens to the left, thus : 34 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ,'| ._ '-^ 7 >j >\ wad walk Walker watch wash Wabash washing wove woven wooed. 112. To add y to the heavy- and light-dot vowels, u yeh is used, as in *L -x, ^ r ^ F \j\, ,. year Yates Yarmouth yearn Yale Yahoo yet yellow yearly. AV 1 13. To add y to the heavy- and light-dash vowels, n yuh is used, thus : .) .( I. ^ .1 L yawn yacht yoke young use use youth due mew mule fe :1M "Kiel beauty duty cube youths view Hughes Hume humor humorist Huron. 114. The triphthongs, *~ wt\ n zuoi, -, wou, are expressed by writing w at an angle to the consonant-stem, thus : L |>- wide wipe wife wives wire wiles wire-gauze wiriness widest. 115. Experienced phonographers generally use these brief signs initially to repre- sent the simple power of w or y, leaving the vowel to be understood. When so used, either half of the circle may be written, according to convenience in joining it to the consonant-stem. When one sign is as readily joined to the consonant-stem as the other, use the one which indicates the group to which the vowel belongs, as follows: -IN T V. .1 \ V 1 1 / weed weep witty weave wait wipe Webster sweet Swede witch ^TTA -, n bewitch watch wage walk woke wake weak wedge waxed waxes J. y A- > weeks wigs wings wash waif wife withe wooed wag war warp 4 t 1 1 widest whitest wettest sweetest sweeter sweetly sweep swoop f *i 1 5 ' \ 'I * switch sweat swayed swig swath swathe suave suavitjy Assuage HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 35 jfeuages swung swing swash wish width Wabash Walker Watson I ^ V .1 "^ <^ 5 - 1 L ^ dissuade unswayed widely Yatcs year yon young youngsters yell yellowish Yankee yam yank unique unity (J SNX~ > ^-X / ^ f unite yoke yearling Yale yawns yawl yelp yore genii unyoke. SMALL W-HOOK. 1 1 6. IV is also represented by a small initial hook on I, ray, m, and , as follows, and may be used in place of brief weh and wuh when convenient: C -hook read? Write each example under the foregoing paragraphs five times. 37 LESSON X. WRITING EXERCISE. (Copy twenty times. Write from dictation twenty-five times.) L_J I V ^ > He-was amazed at-tbjbir vices and-debased condition, and-said that-tney-were dazed at-tney-wer when accused by-their pastors, and acted more-like beasts than men possessed of-reason. \ We perused the news from Alleghany saying that-the party were soon to-sail for Sweden, and-that-their wives would-go with-them. They-are all-good sailors and swimmers, but some are unwieldy and we-will-have to-look out for-their welfare. 6 ^ \ C^ ._ f There-are-several Yankees and wealthy Yale men among-the crew, who-will make-the 8 welkin ring with-the Yale yell. Messrs. Yates, Watson, Worcester, and Welsh will r show- their' Irish wit and irony, and-they, too, will bear Vatchiug. Waltham and (b) ft ~i ^ * fi Wooley, and-all of-the other young-men and wags from-the Wabash, will spear walrus, >. } weath wind and-wave-and weather permitting. We-are all ver) T -sorrj' to-ha^fe-them go, and S> wish them safe return. 448439 38 Hr.MI'HRKY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. VOWEL AND BRIEF W AND Y WORD-SIGNS. 1 1 8. ' The vowel-signs occupy two positions, except ah, which is written in the third; a fourth position is sometimes used to express an additional word, as * to-the, ^ to-him, | to-a, the sign being written just below and against the line. 119. A name is given to the dash-vowel-signs by affixing the Greek termination aid (meaning like, or resembling) to half-length stems ; thus, bed-oid, like b ; ded-oid, like d\ jed-oid, like /. Pet-oid' is the sign for of; pet-oid' is the sign for to or two; chet-oid' is the sign for he; ret-oid' is the sign for on. Ret-d\A. (like ray) is written upward, while the sign for he is written downward. The name for the symbol representing / is pet-oid' ret-oid. The figures i, 2, 3 accompanying a word-sign indicate the position in which the sign should be written, whether first, second, or third. (Copy twenty-five times.) / \ I The a an-d ah all (already awe) ought of or on he (two too) (O oh owe) owing X I i, I / who-m whose (who-is who-has) whoever to (to-the to-him) to-a how but should 3 v C c c ? " (I eye aye high) we with were what would ye year-s yet beyond you. CIRCLE AND LOOP SIGNS. , o O o Q (? (is, his) (as, has) (is-his is-as his-is his-has) (as-is as-his as-has has-his has-us.) First is-there lias-there. WRITING EXERCISE. (Copy twenty times. Write from dictation twenty-five times.) 1 ' ' ^ r- \ ^ ' _- l - L I He ought to look up to-liim with great awe, if he does not already doUo. How 2 v ^ ^ <:>> \ c should I know whom you owe? You-may-be owing everylody with whom you were 3 ' V^ I c ( 6 ^~>> 2 n c w o c . ' \ B) on borrowing terms. We would that you were yet with-us as ye were a year or two ago. Who-is this man who-has carried himself so high? Aye, sir, I would-know HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 39 who he-is, and-whence he-came, and-what he-would-do. He-lias lived years beyond- 6 ' ^^"' . _ k 1 f .0^ f o his time, and may live years yet to come. It-is-as I-have-said and as-has-been said (c) O S\ \ N I ? v . v x n n ^* -> a. __ before, Is-his a happy life, as his friends all say? Has-his time already come to-go? (d) (e) 8 ^ ^_^ ^ i ^^ /> L ^ n First, you-may tell-us, is-there-not, or has-there-not-been, such-a statement made as-is 9"^ *- ' Q L P N jo herein described, or is-as his statement is-said to-be? (a) See 193* (b) An /-hook may be added to the diuA-vowel word-signs to express all or will (c) \j Btf is a better sign for before than I ded-oid, as it can be halved for \>before it. (d) A very convenient and legible form for z> there, (e) Has their may be written on the line in phrase ; below the line when standing alone. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON X. Copy the writing exercise twenty times, and write it from dictation twenty-five times. 1 1 8. How many positions do the vowel-signs occupy? What does the fourth position indicate? How should a sign in this position be written? 119. What are the Vowel Word-signs called? What is pet-oid one the sign of? Pet-oid two! Chet-oid one! Ret-oid one? In what direction is ret-oid written? In what direction is the sign for he written? What is pet-oid one ret-oid! What do the figures i, 2, and 3, in con- nection with phonographic characters, indicate? LESSON XL LARGE INITIAL W-HOOK. 1 20. Unlike the small w-hook, which is always read first, the large w-hook is read after the consonant-stem, thus : tw dw gw kw 121. The vowels are not written between the stroke and the hook, as in the case of the small w-hook, but the stroke and hook must be pronounced together as one syllable. /ss may be written within the hook. EXAMPLES. r (v r c_ equity twist twirl twitch twang twitching twirling quake quiet dwell dwelling quick quoth quell qualm Dwight acquire quota equip quire querulous quorum inquire liquefy earthquake bequest squeal exquisite anguish lingual quackery request liquid 7 V equal aquatic C-x+C query quash quarto quiz quizzing quietness twice queerly quickness quieter quarry bequeath HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. squad iniquity squire squeezing squab squelch equinox squaw squawk quietus Quebec quagmire guano tweezers squeezed QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON XL 1 20. How is the large a-hook read? In what respect does this differ from the small a^-hook? 121. Are the vowels written between the stroke and the hook? How must the stroke and hook be pronounced? How may the w-circle be written? Write each example five times. LESSON XII. DIFFERENT MODES OF EXPRESSING ASPIRATION. 122. In phonography four methods of aspiration are employed. 123. First, a full-length stroke for A, thus: t < S*-> <^v ^ *2 ^_ husk hung hang hush bash heath hasp Harriet horrid harp hearty host hasten 3 \ < ., 1 1 'i yr liad half heap hip hope happy happily hide height whit. 1 25. Third, an A-tick (heh\ thus : 3 liack hock hook_ Huxley hackney hectic Hague ham homely hag humming hear hair Hugo A r z_ harem hell hill help hollow howl holy halo hugging hog hogshead home hum ban homily helm HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 43 haze hazy hussy hazing huzza hussar hazardous Hume *whig whey whiz why whisk whiskey whip , f fr L I f t V, wheat whitlow Whitney Whittier whittle wheatland whiff whiffletree . whet whack. When / follows wh, the tf/sign may be used, thus : 1 x white-cap whiteness white whitewash whiter whitest white oak. 1 26. Fourth, shading the small ?>-hook, thus : 1 ^ 'C ^ ^ ^j> C\ while whale whim whine whence whelp whimsical. 127. Advanced writers omit the aspirate whenever they can do so without impair- ing legibility. * Observe that in this line w is read before A, as h never occurs before w. TICK-SIGNS WRITTEN IN PHRASE (Write twenty times.) or x or X^ _ . - S - - =* - ^ - - - - with-the for-the in-the to-the of-the take-the make-the upon-the ferch-the bring- the which-the send-the give-the from-the get-the have-the and-the. And-a 3\ ^ 1 1 - 7 _ ! _ ^ _ X- and-for and-that-a and-it and-do and-all and-which and-with-a and-when-the and- _ [ s I . -^ / v., -^ .-^.-^ - 2 for-a at-a with-a take-a can-a which-a have-a give-a to-a and-in-the and-which- the and-when-a and-do-a and-do-the of-a or-the or-a but-the but-a on-the on-a HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. should-the should-a is-the is-a as-the as-to-the as-a as-to-a were-the were-a 7 1 ' P 2 => * ^ would-the would-a beyond-the beyond-a andof and-to and-is-the and-is-a as-to- 8 A of (^ ac 6 j *> s~ \vhat he-is-the he-is-a he-is-not he-has-not how-the how-a, QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON XII. 122. How many methods of aspiration are employed in Phonography? 123. What is the first? 124. What is the second? 125. What is the third? 126. What is the fourth? 127. Do advanced writers ever omit the aspirate? Write each example once. Write the Tick Phrases twenty times, and review them every day until learned. LESSON XIII. thus: DOUBLE CONSONANTS INITIAL HOOKS FOR L AND R. 128. L is represented by a small initial hook on the circle-side of the consonants, r f _(L^ pel bel tel del chel jel kel gel fel thel thel shel zhel yel. 1 29. R is represented by a sinall initial hook on the opposite side of the consonant- stem from the /-hook, thus : *\ \ 1 1 /7 f __^^*) c ) Ov ^ ^\ } per ber ter der cher jer ker ger fer ver ther ther sher zher. 130. These hooks must not be separated from the consonant-stem, but the hook and the stem should be pronounced together in one syllable, thus: c. kel, not h-l\ s' gel, not g-l; c ker, not k-r. 131. In naming the double consonants they should be called by single syllables, as above. . . 132. c*r Shel and c^S zhel never stand alone, and are always written upward. 133. ) .S, ) 3,^^/ing, and h do not take the /- or r-hook. 134. The /-hook is not attached to the stem for /; neither is the r-hook attached to the steins for r and y. 135. RULE FOR VOCALIZING THE INITIAL HOOK SERIES. A vowel written to a double consonant should not be read between the hook and the stroke, but before or after both, according as it is written before or after the sign. 136. The following diagrams will assist the student in remembering the /- and r- hooks on the straight stems : PR AND PL HOOKS. If the right hand be held up, with the first finger bent, the outline of tr will be seen ; and if the left hand be held up in the same way, the outline of // will be seen. By turning the hand round in the following positions, all the double consonants of the pr and pi series will be formed. tl FORWARD MOTION. BACKWARD MOTION. O g HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. i r When the pen moves in the same direction as the hands of a clock, or as we drive in a screw we say that it moves forward; and when it moves in the contrary direction, we say that it moves backward. In this principle of motion we have a uniform rnle for attaching a hook or a circle to straight letters, in whatever d,rection they may be written, as shown in the following rhyme: To keep in mind the way to trace The hooks and also circle s, On STROKES THAT CURVE, by this abide, All hooks and circles turn inside. On all STRAIGHT LINKS, the simple s Is written backward ; aso.! sake O guess : Initial hooks, remember well, Forward for r, backward for / : For final hooks, you turn your pen Forward to signify an , And backward for an / or v, As in T-y ken,- => cough, you clearly see. 138. ^ 1 \ V I \ \> \ EXAMPLES. plea pleas ply ' pry prime prize prim premise climb ^ S. V V-. play pray bray plug plum pluck blow blame flay V t u c 5v tish plague break able brace bleat blotch block dntg floss ; 4<\ TUT | preach ' tree trim trip trod draw dream drop dry % X f pfcfc plow pfcfsh prow brow brew brass apple true able addle n r r trick crib crop cream creed crotch try dry- clause gloss gleam glee clip cloth drake V black bloom broom drab drag trap> dram drape prop HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 47 10 " bleach prick brick breach bridge bribe broth prong blight dray 139. It has been shown how an /-hook may be attached to f, v, ilk, and thee. It is also desirable to add an r-hook to these consonants ; and the only way in which it can be done is by turning them over, as in the following examples, where the /- and r-hooks are contrasted : *l ^ \_ ) <-) ^N r\ thrush flush flim frill flog frog three thrice throw other 7 1 ^ o- j . fc- -N ( C "xr-T _2 t thrive throb froth throve shrub through shrew flange flume c ^ ^ -7 el prattle clatter ladder po 3 tackle crackle cracker tat.l|er paqdle shallop spatter gavel gastric ^ "T M I" couple labor neighbor major ganger ledger cradle glitter shaker A <^l <^l ^_ L ^^ H- reaper robber writer rider fickle trickle beagle lodger tiger 6 ^* meagre muffle telegram clay uncle maker smoker eagl-; claim shovel ^_^ 7 T title idle fever lever heather either author initial official hovel -f \ /t T- favor lover Ethel bethel level agree measure loafer glazier claw HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. .< A bugle sugar gather cljkttel taf e voucher Hoosier Luther usher J \ pressure thresher fresher leisure leisurely erasure treasure M v o facial special glass-work gleeful geograpfeicaL Gernlantown gluttonous. 143. An r-hook may be prefixed to fay, and an /-hook to ray, m, and , by a large initial hook, thus: C/ rel, ler, Cornel, <^S nel. 144. When an r-hook is prefixed to m and n the steins of these consonants are sfiaaed, so that the r-hook shall not conflict with the z^hook. 145. Shaded , with an initial hook, cannot be mistaken for ing , as ing does not take a hook. W-n' z S when shaded, is changed to^X n-r; ~^w-m, when shaded, if. changed to <~N m-r. 146. To enable the pupil to fix these perplexing hooks thoroughly in his mind, they are here contrasted : 6 C C/ (wen nel ner) (wem mel mer) (wel ler) (wer rel) I ^ t, *> C ~) ( *) .j ) ~> ) (fel fer) (vel ver) (thel ther) (THEL THER) (shel sher) (ZHEL ZHER.) 147. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. J~ ^C ^ furl learning collar color Schiller scholar nailer ferule ~ ^ x \ . \ / o ~^t/ 17 6X 7 ~^3 ^_> ^/ mural plural barrel panel channel flannel trammel tumor J I unej&l -^ journal cooler funepil funnel tunnel Runnel rural animalcule \jr "^- t^ ^- -*" animal canal analogy analyses analyze analysis analytic analogue L L C dinner tinner thinner sinner minor honor rumor humor. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 5I 148. Double consonants are vocalized the same as the simple strokes; t. (a) A' as a word-sign for committee is better than / with the rtw-dot, and it has the advantage of being more swiftly written, as a horizontal stem is more quickly written than a perpendicular one. (b) Ing-ihe tick, 1 235. ^c) F-hook is frequently used for o/; in this instance it is conveniently used in the phrase, (d) When convenient, a sign may be halved to add it. (e) The -hook may be extended to add liave. (f) Who-will may be written by adding the /-hook to the sign for < lio : the form here given is believed to be more speedy and legible, (g) -tf-tick, 1 179. (h) When the same outline is used for both the singular and the plural form of a word, it is advisable to insert a vowel in one form and leave it out in the other. When the context does not clearly define a word, either there must be a distinct outline for it, or a vowel must be inserted. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON XIV. 141. What is said about vocalizing words when an accented vowel occurs between \\\< stem and the hook? 142. Write each example five times. 143. How may an r- hook be prefixed to lay and an Ahook to ray, /, and ? Write each example fifty times. 144. How are the stems written to prefix an /--hook to m and n and not conflict with the w-hook? 145. Can m and , when shaded to add an r-hook, be mistaken for ing ? Why? Write each example fifty times. 146. Write each example fifty times, and be particular to make a clear distinction between the large and the small hooks. 147. Write each example ten times. 148. How are double consonants vocalized? LESSON XV. TRIPLE CONSONANTS SPEL AND SPER SERIES. 149. To form triple consonants the s or 2 circle may be written within the hook on both straight and curved stems, thus: -f lutte splurge splutter subtle settle sable sidle splice sibyl sickle - K i 4; _ 4 \ \ \ sickly Cyclops civil disciple disoblige possible plausible peaceable feasible swivel pistol sepulcher noticeable supposable explicit 1 ^~ ^7 explicable reprehensible exclusive splatter saddle rascal satchel display displace disclose disclaim passable pedptal 150. /j\y is prefixed to tlie r-hook side of a stroke by closing the hook, thus: '\ % 1 1 V / ^ ^ / ])er iss-per tcr iss-ter iss-ber iss-jer iss-ger iss-ker iss-cher. 151. When thus written, it must always be read in combination with r t and may e pronounced s/>er, ster, isber, isger, etc. 152. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. spring spry sprawl straw stream strip stride spree screed scnbe script streak sprig screech scribble sprinkle sweeper sweeter cedar 54 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HANI). cipher secrecy orchestra Bristol prosper seamstress listenei 4 belong-d able (tell till it-will) until at-all which-will (call equal-ly) difficult-y *\^_ ^ *\ ^ __ % 1 -n J _ ] full-y value principle-al-ly surprise (member remember-^d) truth true doctor dear M during care from over (every very) favor through either (there they-are) other sure-ly pleasure (Mr. mere remark) Mrs. more (near nor) manner in-our. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 55 WRITING EXERCISE. (Copy twenty times. Write from dictation twenty-five times.) t 1 . Remember, Mr. Johnson, and-tell-us-the tnith, and give-the exact language used as- C nearly-as-possible. Tell-us where-you belong, and how-long yon-have belonged there; go over-the story from beginning to end, and be-very careful to tell every circumstance . ( -7" u ^ C\ J^_ _^_ _^ J *+-<^\ "-> that occurred, until you-have-told-the jury ail-that happened there. First, you-uiSy- 5 D I , 1 r tell-us what doctor took-care-of you during your illness, the difficulty you experienced (a) 6 ^__ ^ c N \ / in-securing proper care, giving all other details of interest from-fhe^lime you entered 7 r ^ o until you-were able-to-leave-the hospital. Describe, as-nearly-as-you-can, the manner of-your leaving ; give-a full description of-it. .Surely it-must-be a-great pleasure and 9 y. ^ x % v x ^ p _ i _ i_j\<^-i pleasant surprise to-the principal to-be remembered at-all, especially with-a present of * so much value. They-are going to-be there either jU night or through-the day ; I-do- _ not-know which-will-be their choice. It-Tiras a-mere remark, made by neither Mr. nor . \ ^~^ ( Mrs. Moore, but by some-one very near and dear to-lhem, and equally well-known. ' 56 HUMPHREY'S IXTKRLINKAR SHORT-HAND Dear-Sir : Your-favor of-the tenth instant was-received during my absence. You-may- 14 f -^ ^ ^ ^ be-sure it-will give-me great-pleasure to call. (a) Many prefer to use this form for interest, rather than the contraction ] int-iss-t; interested would then be written with the > brown boon barren bounce down gown man moon banishes Spanish. 159. A small final hook on the right side of perpendicular and inclined stems and on the upper side of horizontal stems represents the sounds of/ and ^, thus: 1 \s V I, L / (pef pev) (bef bev) (tef tev) (def dev) (chef chev) ( jef jev) (kef kev) (gef gev) (ref rev) (hef hev). 160. The f- z^hook is lengthened, when written on curves, so that it may hot be mistaken for an -hook. The use of this hook will be explained hereafter. 161. Instead of closing the f- v-hook to form the circle, the circle should be writ- ten within the hook, thus: chiefs griefs cuffs roughs rebuffs subserves engraves braves. 162. Should a final vowel follow, a full-length stem should be used, as'iu \_ a iffee, L taffy, I. taffeta. 163. When more convenient than a full-length stem, the / r-hooks are used in the middle of words, as in progress pronounce define defence provoke proverb province. RULE FOR READING THE FINAL HOOK SERIES. 164. A vowel preceding a stem with a final book is read first, then the stem, then any vowels following the stem, and thcu the final hook. 165. Remember that initial circlr-s are always read first, and final i-circies alwavs last. l6 - EXAMPLES. deaf chief brief grief buff rough tough cuff beef brave rave strove rove hove surf serve doves HUMPHRKY'S INTF.RUXKAR SHORT-HAND. 59 l v deafen reprieve refer observe derive rebuff prefer dives briefer graver govern discover subserve reference reserve deploy 4 \ \ V v divide devoid diffidence bereaves drives devote gloves cheaply heave hove behave behoove graphic traffic vocal proof calf groove reprove engrave lithograph appenmx. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON XVI. 154. What does a small final hook on the left side of a perpendicular and inclined stem, and on the under side of a horiEontal stem, represent? How is the hook written on curved steins? 155. Is the ^-circle written within the ;i-hook on curved stems? 156. How is the j-circle written when it follows the -hook on straight steins? For what pur- pose is it enlarged? 157. Can the ,v-circle be written within a hook? 158. Write each example twice. 159. What does a small final hook on the right side of the per- pendici'lar and inclined stems, and on the upper side of the horizontal stems, represent? 160. Is the f- f-hook written on curves? 161. Can the f- z.'-hook be closed to form a circle? 162. What is said about a final vowel? 163. Is the f- z'-hook ever used in the -.niddle of a word? 164. Give the rule for reading the final-hook series. 165. When are initial circles read? When are final circles read? 166. Write each example twice. 6o LESSON XVII. THE SHON-HOOK. 167. The syllable s/iou, represented by the terminations sion, st'an, shion, tion, ttan, don, cian, is expressed by a large final hook, written on the right side of perpendicular and inclined stems, on tlie upper side of horizontal stems and on the inside of. curves, thus: -'I J? ^ >> - -. *. edition section ration notion motion session fashion illusion. 168. W and y do not take the sAuit-hook. I09 . EXAMPLES. option caution auctioneer adoption Egyptian implication suction ' t T ^ <^' ^\.^ L ^ .!_-. -/\-. application logician imprecation dictation occupation attention irritation ^ & L, education reduction rogation portion aberration gyration attraction mention submission selection affection attrition evasion nations 5 r ~ national allusion rational seclusion serration action irrational 6 *- i^ station provisional fiction flexion legation revision irrigation 7 b editions admission sedition dictionary definition abrasion passion ammunition co-operation radiation veneration probation reactionary- irruption HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 6 1 approbation pollution stationary sectional exception imitation intrusion. NOTE. Mr. Pitman uses a large final hook on both sides of straight stems to express shon ; bnt later authors have found this dual use of the hook unnecessary, and now confine it to the upward, or f- or f-hook side of stems, using the under side to express other terminations. Mr. Graham uses this hook on the under side to express live, as in IP active, \J* dative, ' ^ operative; while Mr. Mnnson uses the same hook to express tir, as in ~2 actor, ^> gather, ^7- rather, showing that two hooks to express shon are unnecessary. This hook may be used to good advantage by Pitman writers to express tir. 1 70. Shon is also expressed after an i-circle, or ns, by a small hook written through the stem in the same direction as the circle, called the esAoti-hook. This hook is used only when a vowel comes between the s and shon, and not in such words as l? question. 171. RULE FOR VOCALIZING THE ESHON-HOOK. A first-place vowel is written before the combined circle and hook ; a second-place vowel after it 172. EXAMPLES. '\, I" ^c "V 1 opposition decision physician position procession transition authorization association dispensation processions sensational transitional oppositional possessions cessation Vg : ^ =%. dissuasion civilization pulsation musician acquisition deposition accusation T? * > exposition inquisition disquisition dispensations registration proposition disposition. WORD-SIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS FINAL HOOKS. (.Copy twenty-five times.) (a) before above" whatever differ-ent-ence whichever careful-ly gave upon been 2 \ J j // -, . ^ ^ ^ C ( remembrance done down general-ly can again often even within then than alone men man opinion (none known) I-have objection subjection. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND INITIAL W-HOOK SIGNS. I C (while we-will) well we-are where (aware with-our) we-may when one. (a) Be/ is a more convenient word^ign than ded^id, as it can be halved for be- fore-it. WRITING EXERCISE. twenty times. Write from dictation twenty-five rimes. ^ I. V ^ 5 ,/ Whatever difference there-may-be between-us, we-wish-it generally and-distinctly under- r A N - ^ - > ^-^- stood ihat-we-are alone responsible for-our opinion, no matter what-the opinions of - ^ v ) oilier men may-be. I-have-no-objections, and I-bave-known of none that have so-far 4 ^ /f _ ^^^J V) \ C C/ f been urged against him, even within his-own party. While we-are well aware that- sC >* i \ V_a .s(. mistakes have-been made by physicians where-they shonld-not-have-bcen made, we- could-not very-well get along without-the doctors, for they-have-doue a-great-deal of x*~ V ^ _. X -H O good. We-will inform-yon when one comes in again ; yon-can then come down and- take whichever suits your particular style. My remembrance is-that I-have-been there \ t I. ^> \ (, upon several different occasions before this exposition of-their disposition to avoid registration appeared ir.-the newspapers, and-their implication in-an evasion of-the civil 1 ^, V~ Vo J rights-till. My objection is abovR" criticism, for-it involves their subjection and- the HLMJ'HKKY .-, l.NTKKUNKAK SHORT-HAND. 63 * ) x acquisition of-all their possessions, under-the <5ancuon, co-operation, and authorization L - of-this association. I-have-no-objection to-the adoption of-the resolution ; I only object 1 ^ L ~ ' - 3- ' P to-the opposition it-is meeting with in-its transition or transitory state. The discussions ^O. ^_^ V) (~ \5 have-been sensational in-the highest degree, and-great* passion and sectional feeling ifi V^ /? V> / o . !D vj> 1^ x^^i have-l>een aroused, all-of which is bound to be reactionary in-its efiects. It-has almost -.7 ^ . &l~ * L^ t I v. amounted to sedition, if I-know what-the definition of sedition is. Depositions have- is i i ^ v L ^- N U V-i> /-N ^p v^a \ $*. been taken, accusations have-been made, jeven processions have-been formed, proposi- tions submitted, inquishions instituted, and decisions set aside and-all for-what 20 \ (5~**f /^ "^ <= V S\^ {. \j purpoie? Simply because a motion was-made calling for-a revision of-the Constitution, x^ "y ^^ c the admission of certain states into-the Union, the reduction of-the publnc debt, the education of-the Indians, and-the advancement of civilization throughout-the uncivil- ized portions of-the globe. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON XVII. 167. How is the termination shon expressed? 168. Do w and y take the skon- hook? 169. Write each example five times. Read Note. 170. How is shon expressed after the i-circle, or nsl What is this hook called? When is it used? 171. What is the rule for vocalizing the eshon-\\ookl 172. Write each example ten times. Copy the Word-signs and Coutractions twenty-five times. Copy the Writing Exercise twenty times, and write it from dictation twenty-five times. 64- LESSON XVIII 57" AND STR LOOPS ON THE R AND N-HOOK SIDE. 173. The principle of writing circles and loops to consonant-stems has already been explained. We now come to the addition of these circles and loops to the r~ and //-hook sides of consonants, as in the following examples : \ -V V -7T Fv~ 5^ ^A ^ *-*-, stupor stouter started, starved starvation bounced pounced glanced stopper steeper stutter stutterer stir stirrup storage storm <= J _^ __ (J* J. ""*=? stormiest trounced danced chanced canst entranced staircase- spinster spinsters punster . punsters starch starling Stirling :s storm storming .stormiest stager sturdier- strengthen / strength string strong stringency strongly frost * \S ' strongest steerage frizzed frustration flustration stapger down-stairs. 174. When necessary to express the exact sound of zct, the loop may be shaded, a> ^p . ^> ^f in ** raised, ^^ roused, c: Choused. The unshaded loop, however, is just as legibk to the experienced writer. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON XVIII. 173. Is the ,s7i?//-loop ever written on the r-hook side of stems? Is it ever writtei on the ff-hook side? 174. For what purpose may the .ste/i-loop be shaded? Is this neces sary? Write each example five times. LESSON XIX. HALVING PRINCIPLE ADDING T OR D. 175. The frequently-recurring sounds of t and d are conveniently expressed by writing consonant-stems half their usual length halving a light stem to add /, and a Iieavy stem to add v \ I r T r tile battled taftl panel paneled battle battled tattled engraft spread invite enfilade 178. The final syllables ted and ded are expressed in Pitman's Manual by a half- length / or a full-length d, and the rule observed is, when the present tense ends with a full-length stem, Jialve that stem ; when the present tense ends with a half-length stem add a stem, disjoined if necessary, thus : acted founded treated radiated dated instituted awaited voted. 179. These words are, however, more conveniently and swiftly expressed bv using the /-tick, thus: ~^s r^ acted founded treated radiated dated instituted awaited voted '^^ 66 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ^^ k U - Nty ^ freighted traded weighted fitted invited invaded needed noted sifted wanted sorted mated feinted rewarded exempted worded . inflated negotiated repeated open-hearted omitted tempted tinted. 1 80. Half-length strokes are employed at the beginning, medially, and finally, thus: _ _ -- descend between creditable hospitable sentiment wrapped beautiful sacred. 181.1 /, i r,s~~^-m, andv_x n, are represented by light lines, and when halved / is added. D may be added by shading these curves, as in lead, /r^ made, i ** need. These forms cannot conflict with r y, /~*v>ip, or^S ing, as they are never halved un- connected with other strokes. 182. Hay may be halved to express such words as 1 < <^ <* < \ ^C < N -^ P _ <3 hot hot-bed hot-blooded hot-house hotly hotel hotness hound-ed. 183. Ray may be halved to express such words as ~ dhouse. rind writing right right-of-way roved round roundabout round 184. Half-length strokes may be called ^ ... ^ _ ^ r T -C emt ent end ket gent elt eld wilt ard med etc. 185. EXAMPLES. dipped chopped poached kept gaped vouched thatbhed latched mute 2 I. . \ leaped reaped nipped hopped budged caged gaged acute HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 67 c ^ y lodged robbed dodged bathed begged measured rumored hurt 4 *> ^ ' / ^ J' ^ I" C, r\ eased bead cheat feet sheet thought taught void sort 5 . ./ \. y 3-1 \_ .- = ^ i ~f* Li 3_= g*-x- ached etched pet jade goat walked late skate sent 6 art sapped sound cats stared start shouts mates -notes 7 A r f $ "> 4- /> L_ , c stopped spot sought slight seized tho'ts stitched stalked stilt JL4 ^ . ?i y ^ T ^ ^ ^3 I ^ stated startled aunt stared agent note mode mud mad 9V V- V- I pelt belt dealt colt melt knelt pellet skillet hilt icr V ^_fc k x^ vault malt salt violet tilt daylight ballot mallet mat I ar\ T^ piled killed gild "boiled availed nailed mould doled smote f^ ^ ^L rhymed maimed hummed tamed boomed granite gamut smart 68 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. '5 1* treat greet breed split plate prate freight straight severed - 6 o- .L ^ -x- jr *- ^' ~ ^ throat ogled effort couplet sugared simmered retreat honored labored /<")- J[ -^r democrat spangled article ratify ascertain illustrate disabled execrate mistreat dishonored disagreed exploit reward onward bowsprit redeemed L o retired demonstrate dissevered certify certain excrete seclude artificer 186. 5 is halved and written upward in the following words: J- ^ U finest briefest oftenest roughest gravest vainest elocutionist progressionist factionist protectionist Calvinistic bluffest. 187. When a small loop follows a final j-circle, est may be conveniently represented as follows: nicest wisest choicest newsiest juiciest fussiest racie ciest noisiest rosiest loosest basest fastest vastest pausest. 188. Half-length /, when standing alone, is written upward; when shaded it is written downward; as in the words ^ let, 6 light-'C ailed^f old. HALF-LENGTH WORD-SIGNS AND CONTRACTIONS. (Copy twenty-five times. ) put about quite quit could act God good if-it (after for-it) (future- fact) of-it ( ( (a) >0>) (b) (c) 2 ( ( <*<] -C,,) ^ , ^ ) thought that without astonish-ed-ment estatoish-ed-ment East is-it was-it HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HANU J as-it) used wished issued let let-us (old hold) (world lead) (Lord read) heard 4 or^v / "^ > / * s S~^ I v - x o./ fr" 1 _ =i _ a-x try x _ 4 _ ^ ^ word might immediate-ly made somewhat sometime not nature naturaUy is-not c <^ X c _ S-^ _ w: _ ^ (OTA _ ^ w usage,& useful. NOTE. As the student is likely to meet with variations of word-signs and outlines in publications of modified Pitman Phonography, it is well to call his attention to them in advance, if for no other purpose than that of general information, so that he may read short-hand notes which do not conform strictly to hit own style of writing. jo HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. WRITING EXERCISE. (Copy twenty times. Write from dictation twenty-five times.) 00 I c - g~ c < C_ ^ I f- C ^ We quite agree with you that-he ought-to quit work, if-it will-not lead to more serious V \^ ^ ( at(his act, anc results by-his-not being employed. They-were greatly astonished at^his act, and 3 ~ ^ . u x ^~ -I immediately made an excuse for-not going on, and-accordingly put about for home. x *. I ^ * / _ A <\ / his-own, or that could-be levied on under-the statutes of-this state as-now framed. b Man is lost in mute astonishment when-he contemplates the natural laws of-the uni- Jb~ "^[ ~^ verse, and beholds the beaut|es of nature as exhibited in-the unfolding of-the buds, the 8 5 V ^ " ^ v o, glistening of-the dew-<^ops, the aroma jof-the flower^ and-the magnificence of-the lanV HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HANIX <> scape. He indeed must-be void of understanding if-he-cannot see or feel that-the ( 15 _ SL r 3 omnipotent hand that holds the planets in-their orbit and wields in secret such mys- ^ b , <^~~^ ( n ^ -f ^ ^ ^ ^^, Q occur hereafter. I am-not no'w a candidate, and may-not-be ; but under any circun?- 72 HUMPHREY'S T.VTERLIN'EAR SHORT-HAND. ^ ^_^_ \ x "* > stances it-will take-me some-time to-make up my-mind to-accept, even should-the nomination be offered to-me, except it-be unanimous. However, I-am in-tlae hands , I ' 1 doubtedly doas-they dir of-my-friends, and shall undoubtedly do_as-they direct. According to-all-the accounts c " .. > ^ V -^ -c \ L _ . we read, and-to all-the accounts we-have heard from-the different counties, and from- the country at large, we ought-to let Canada come into-the Union. We cannot afford 6 T~ ^ g; to-have more-than one government on-this continent, and-tliat-nuist-be the govern- 33 ^ ^ ^^X A 1/orl/j/ t ^> C ment of-the United-States. Not one inch of territory on-this continent, that could-be z - r used as-a base for military operations in-the event of war, should-be controlled by any ^? foreign-power. America is-a large countrj', hut it-is only large enough for Americans. 36 . - ^ _ * V 3 ) ^ ( / c\ And God spake all these-wcrds, saying, I-am the Lord thy God, which-have brought- 3 ^ - 1 ^ < _ I _ * > ft.. " /^ ^ f ^ - ^_ - -v ___ J thee out-of-the land of Eg)' P t, out-of-the house of bondage. Thou shalt-have no-other 3 - \ ^ ^ J f , ^ _^ _ ^_ J gods before me. We-may-not mind that-which^ias-been said or written, _bm we-do 39^ ^ V mind that-whhh-has-been printed, for-the paper circulates throughout-the entire civil- HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 73 ^ j- ^ 40 r <; izcd world. We-had better offer-a reward for-his arrest We-cannot offer-a reward 1 - ^ large enough which-will-not-be considered extravagant. Which-will-not is written in- 42 ^-er \ ^ o s*~s ^ g the-first position ; we-are-not is written in-the-same position, but in-order-that-the two \ signs may-not conflict we-are-not is written upward and the w-hook is made heavy, or / o ^- I wn shaded, while which-wili-not is written downward. This-is-a distinction which-will- 45 o^ hot-be necessarx on-^he-part-of experienced writers. I-thought of-it some-time-ago ; \ . ived by out\vttd let-us examine it now, that in-the future we-may-not-be deceived by out\vttd appearances. (a) With may be enlarged to add C you. (b) This may be written with the iit- hook d ~ in secret, (c) *^ in (the) spirit. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON XIX. 175. How are the frequently recurring sounds of / and d expressed? 176. How- are half-lengths vocalized? Do they take all of the circles and loops? When is the added / or d read? How are the circles, hooks, and loops written? 177. Does the light sound of / ever follow a shaded stem? Does the heavy sound of d ever follow a light stem? 178. How are the final syllables ted and dcd usually expressed? 179. How may ed be more conveniently expressed? 180. How are half-length stems employed? 181. What letters are represented by light lines? When halved, what letter is added? How may d be added? Can these forms conflict with y, emp, or ingl Why? 182. Is hay ever halved? 183. Is ray? 184. What may half-length stems be called? 185. Write i-acli example ten times. 186. Write each example ten times. 187. How may / be conveniently expressed? iSS. How is a half-length / usually written when standing alone? When shaded, how is it written? Copy the Half-length Word-signs and Con- tractions twenty-five times. Copy the Writing Exercise twenty times, and write it from dictation twenty-five times. Review all of the Writing Exercises by writing each one twentv-five times from dictation. 74 LESSON XX. WIDENING PRINCIPLE, MP AND MB LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE. 77?, /?/?, THR, KER. 189. M may be shaded to add p or b; it is then called emp or emb. This stem is never halved unless followed by a final hook, as in ^ impound, >> impugned, v^> im- pend. 190. The A-tick is prefixed to / or wA, as in humbug Hampshire Hampton hemp hemmed hempen hamper. 191. EXAMPLES. ^-^r ^7 camp vamp damp clamp stamp tramp sample W 1^. H^ tamp ample cramp scamp- dampen dampest decamp limp lump dump pump plump hump trump 0< 0' >^ >^ romp pomp swamp shrimp simple sympathy rhomb lamp example lampoon ambush ambulance impair impairing emperor impel impose resumption stump exemption presumption temperate temperance extemporize embellish embezzle rumble stumble impetus limbo ambition ambitious pompous imbecile empire HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAM). 75 ^n *^l>< ~* r ^* _ ^ Humboldt campaign mumps amputate gambol ambuscade embark lampooned lambent rampant impalpable impassioned impanel embittered immoderate immoderately immodest impertinence immodestly impeachment impartial impassionate impassive impatience impatient impediment impenetrable impenitence imperative imperceptible imperious impetuous impervious imperishable impolitic impostor impoverish imperil 15 importunate impede. LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE. 192. Lengthening ing adds ker, thus: thinker tinker clinker finger . linger longer S^~-^s -^^^^ anger hanker franker anchor hunger rancor. 193. Lengthening any other curve adds *r, dr, thr, er, thus: fattef feather smother smoother mother another weather whither thither neither flutter fritter Easter whether 76 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 2 ther welter letter meter motor cimeter oyster sKatter matter diameter center swelter niter -laugh __ aught slaughter loiter saunter alter water winter literal lateral -t \ ___ ^ \*. wander wanderer wilderness psalter natter smatter _ reporter I senator shudder order sunder Alexander ladder Anderson surrender tender re-enter thunder importer temperament lumber timber September November December /"~ X ^ i \x -^ limber cumber somber distemper hamper amber. 194. Their, they are, there, other, and whether, may be added by doubling the length of a sign, thus : among-their was-there whether-their where-there is where-they-are take-their in-their in-other-words some-other sbme-other-one do-you-know-whether (a) (b) _ do-you-know-whether-their do-you-know-whether-or-not. 195. In the words any other, no other, to save inserting a vowel to distinguish them from other lengthened stems, it is better to write them with the /Ar-tick, which -may be used to express other, thus :^~^ > . any-other, ^^f. no-other. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 77 196. It will be observed that according to Pitman Phonography the lengthening principle is read before the final hook or circle, and that the stems to which this prin- ciple applies are comparatively few, and are usually memorized as word-signs, as follows : from-their-own in-their-own for-their-own some-other-one anv-other-one no-other-one over-their-own througltheir-own. Later writers have discovered, however, that a decided advantage is gained in many forms, both in speed and in legibility, by reversing this order and reading the final hook before the lengthening principle. Experience has taught that both methods can be used without danger of conflict A list of the words to which this latter method can be ap- plied is given, and the teacher can exercise his judgment in permitting his pupils to adopt them. vendor mender mentor inventor counterfeiter tormentor remainder -C thunder lender loan-their run-their finder founder asunder cylinder V v timer pand< pamTer panaer banrer ponder tender dander gender counter x* _ __^ _ ' ^ I <- ^ It-is practically impossible to estimate-the importance or value of-this great improve- r \ t-it-^ ment. At-first thought I-was satisfied that-it-^as-the largest bridge of-the kind in-the- _ . V "^""^- ^ ^| . 1 , v-^ ^ <^ world, but I-am informed, and-believe-it-is true, and so acknowledged by-men not only HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 70 c of wide experience in building such structures, but also of superior knowledge, general information, and great skill in-all branches of engineering, that-it-is-not The I A/ ) i ^^_ d ' O 1 -^_ ** -*- \J high character of-their annual report was at-once recognized, and-it immediately took 5 high rank among other works x>f reference. Another matter that-has come up for :> /A societ will-be consideration in-our-own society will-be ftirther discussed at-our next regular meeting, VI v by-tnose familiar with-the subject. The discussion was declared irregular, at-the-last meeting, and not in-order, as-there-was-not a quorum present. We-will endeavor to -f>- =^ ~^\ 5 arrange for another meeting, which undoubtedly can-be done, when-there-is no-doubt -f- / \ r J A ^ ^ 7 but-that-a large number will attend ; in-fact, a-number have spoken to-me individually X 3 k C . I ^ V_ \. \ /\ at-least several-times. At another-time-the entire force. through / -their proper represen- 4 > ^ J_ \ | J X^ \ -x. v -t- T- -M r ^^ tative, as.ked that-their salaries be advanced twenty per-cenj, and-for-their hours of . *. \ \ r _ labor to-be shortened. When-there-is another opportunity, if-their father-is willing, L and-their-mother does-not interpose any objection, we-will let thetn go into-the tunnei. 80 HUMPHRKY'S I.VTKKLINEAR SHORT-HAND. c H. Notwithstanding-his statement of-the facts, we endeavored to ascertain from-our<>\ is & correspondent whether he-was indebted to-him as-an individual, or-as-a firm, or-not at-all. He called at-the bank to learn what-had become of-his property, which con- ~-* * -\- ^ ~N sisted of bonds and mortgages, and whether enough of-his property was left, so that J^2_ \_ ^ ^-^ 2=|_JL_^_ Jt o > v , if-he wished to-become a bondsman he-could give security that would-be acceptable 22 . *- ^ f ^ ^ y. ^ Y to-the court. If-there-i*enough of-your-own goods for-their present needs, send-them C on, as-it-is of-the utmost importance that-they get-them quickly. I-am of-the opinion, c ~ ^ \ -. ~ nevertheless, that-this world will go on for-ever, notwithstanding-his very able argu- 25 _ _ inent to-the-contrary. You-may-as-well-have system or regularity in-all-that-you do or r r \ >^ _ - \ >^ \ undertake, aS irregularity/ If-it-is published at-all, it-will-be published not-only in-his 27 /y . ^ * A^ C _ t s ^ annual reports, but in-all of-our-6wn reports as-well. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON XX. 189. M may be shaded to add what letters? What is it then called? Is emp ever halved? 190. Is the A-tick prefixed to emp or embl Give an example. 191. Write each example five times. 192. What is added by lengthening ingl 193. Lengthen- ing any other curve adds what? 194. What words may be added by doubling the length of a sign? 195. How may other, etc., be added? 196. What is said about the length- ening principle? 81 LESSON XXL SPECIAL VOCALIZATION. 197. To read a vowel between a consonant and an /- or r-hook, the dirf-vowels are represented by a circle, and written before the consonant, if the vowel is long, thus: dark darken Charles parcel parley garment chart charming believe dearly merely real realty wield parallel nearly. 198. If the ata-vowel is short, it is written after the consonant, thus: term tell realm chilled Ruilt skilled birds delicacy r ^1' *. till animal canal scarcity gardener scarlet per clatter. 199. When a dash- vowel is to be read between the stem and the hook, it is written through the consonant, thus: I c-M> c-r- course curse Turk roll culture cultivate curve churn portray burst labored journal . nurse nursery nurture excursive r court cold bold portioned school require record recourse. 200. When an initial hook or circle would interfere with a first-place vowel, or a final hook or circle with a third-place vowel, the vowel sign may be written at the be- ginning or the end of the consonant, thus : corporation border normal north dormouse cord torment moral 83 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. corner assignor culture coltect correct figures legislature. 20 1. When the preceding rules cannot be applied, vowels may be written on either side of a consonant stem, as in engineer paralyze regards value merchant 202. A vowel before a final r, or a lengthened curve, may be struck through the . consonant, thus: imposture further murder Walter adventure future entire. 203. Ses may be vocalized by \vriting a vowel within the circle, thus: exercises emphasize sustain suspend insist sister vicissitude amanuensis amanuenses system systematically censxis cistern season. 204. Vowels or diphthongs may be used for initials, and for interjections by writ- ing them in their proper place to the consonant t t and then canceling the t by drawing a short line at the bottom of it, thus: ri- Ah, Eh; Mr. O. A. Wilson; Mr. E. Thomas; E. A. Spinner. ACCENT. 205. The accented vowel of a word is denoted by writing a small X near the I * ~~N^ ~N^ > i- vowel, thus: L_l, deceived, L. decade; .6 arose, -d arrows ;\ _ o affix\ _ o affix. 206. EXAMPLES. cheer gill fill child delicate purchase signature lecture picture tolerable armfuVy- peerless persevere preliminary cgar HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. / encore partial derange corporal school balcony pilgrim J^ O ^]' Delaware correspondent secure security utility fur carve 5 \ \^ S cC T ^ fcr epicure foil jealous fowl prevai^ volume ruling derogatory ordinary voluntary falter mortal Baltimore moral legislature 3 ture* miracle decorum distill capture* near George calico transport agriculture Deerfield dedicatory valid! Morman cargo purport DOUBLE VOWEI^S. 307. The vowel scale already given is sufficient for general purposes, for it is sel- dom that professional stenographers' make use of special vowel signs in reporting. Even were such vowel signs memorized their use would be so infrequent as to cause serious embarrassment to the stenographer. TABLE OF DISSYLLABIC DIPHTHONGS. t lit I l J A l e-i a-i ah-i aw-i o-i oo-i o-e c, ^_ being clayey hurrahing annoying ruin snowy Owen poet gluey 6ual gayety poem laity stoic fealty boyish boa goest pean. 208. A simple vowel sign may be added tc a diphthong without lifting t'e pen, by writing a tick at ar acute angle for / or e, and a tick at a rieht angle for o or a. ii the vowel is long the t;:'k may be shaded. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. Pow dewy Louise Powel joyous piety dowe^ tower variety bias defying enjoying biology diary pyaemia cower puerile violation. 209. As explained in 1 43, when two vowels precede or follow the only consonant v -\ y ~2\ I' ixv T in a word, they are written as in I. iota, I. Iowa, \ showy, V ^ b accomplish accomplished accompany accompanied accommodation accomplice accompaniment accommodate accommodating. 313. Con, Com, Cog. Expressed by a light dot at the beginning of a word, thus: J- J- t 1 S - L L contain condone condition consider conjoin conduce confess "f f i 2 ! ' v_ conceal concede conceit conceive concentrate concern concave 3 \>> 'X '^ 'No *S conception compose combine compress confidence community "V V ^ concert conclave commence compound combat commend command committee combination combustion comfort commendable contrite commission communication communion commencement conquest X companion compendium compensate competition compositic 86 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. u contempt conductor convulsed commentary commodity contemporary X" cognate cognition cognizance cognizant cognomen cog-wheel. 214. Con is often implied by nearness of writing, 35, V. tliey conquered or they concurred-^** they consented,^ * p your concurrence, i I am confidentially. 215. Contra, Contra, Counter. Expressed by a half-length written at the begin- ning of a word, thus: L ~, Dt'scon, Discom. Expressed by d or d-iss written before the re- mainder of a word, thus: 1 l \> U L decompose decomposition discomfort discomfit discomfiture discomposure < _ Li _ L discontinue discontented discontent decomposing disconcert discommode disagreeable discriminate disfatochise discharge disfigure disembarkation. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 89 223. Non, Noncon, Noncom. Expressed by nen written at the beginning of the remainder of the word, thus: V* non-admission non-appearance non-assumpsit non-commissioned non-committal ~-V-rx f non-compos-menlis non-conducting non-conformitv non-contagious non-acceptance non-plussed non-professional non-existence non-attendance non-delivery non-residence. 224. f/nfon, Uncom. Expressed by written near the remainder of the word, thus : I "-^^-^ ^ . ~ \~ uncommon uncommonly uncompromising traconditional unwritten unconscionable I -s unconscious unconstitutional unconstitutionality uncontrollable unaccomplished unconverted unraveled unreservedly unrivalled unrighteous unrelenting. 225. Unrecon. Uhrecom, Unrecog. Expressed by ner written at the beginning of r. word, thus: unreconcilable unrecognized unreconciled unrecompensed. 226. One or more initial syllables can be employed advantageously to represent a prefix by separating the preceding from the following portion of the word, thus: undecomposed uncontradicted uninterrupted disencumber disinterested in-conjunction incumbent iu-comparison recumbent underrate afternoon uncircumscribed ^ V- V * \ in-contradistinction unselfish objectively objectiveness object-glass objectle HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. \C J_ object-lesson noontide common consent concomitant supernatural superabundance ^P noonday self-esteem inconsequence inconsistent incompressible inconclusive. 227. Recon, Recom, Recog. Expressed by ray written near the remainder of the word, thus: ' ^ ^ ^O ^^ -^ -^ reconcile reconcilable recommend recommence recognize recognition /u reconstruct recommendation recognizance recommitment reconciled reconsideration reconsidered reconveyed reconnaissance reconnoiter. 228. Irrecon, Irre, Irreg, etc. Expressed by Ar written near the remainder of the word, thus: irreconcilable irrecognizable irrefutable irregular irregularity. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON LESSON XXII. 211. How may speed in writing be increased? 212. How is Accom expressed? 213. How are Con, Com, and Cog expressed? 214. Is C ./ . \ ^ ) \ / T The accomplished gentleman who accompanied me was compelled to- neighborhood a knowledge of-his bad habits caused-him to-be formally indicted as-a _ > counterfeiter. He now seems to-have lost all self-respect. Although remarkably self- ' H> x ^ " ^ . Y~ . v- 'v* x possessed, he-will need all of-his self-confidence and self-control to prevent confessing " j L ,x ( 'L* ' VX^ " * r *- ~ o at-once. It-is self-evident that self-defense or self-preservation is-the first law of nature. " ^ ^ _ . There-may-be virtue in self-denial and self-sacrifice; whether-there-is depends-upon circumstances. The conductor was very accommodating, and unceasing in-his en- HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ' deavors to-make-the enterprise an international success. The antechambers are filled -. ^f JJ> prietor. \An action in non-assurapsit was brought, and-a non-suit ordered, owing to- the non-attendance of witnesses, and-the non-delivery of certain documentary evidence ^^ s? r\ ^ ^ -C - ^ J to-the court. The insulation will-be perfect if-the insulator is properly adjusted. I \ -^ \ I V "^ ~H I They-all seemed unconcerned at-the unseasonable hour at which-his lordship arrived, 23 r. L , ^ x A? M J i would -noV , _ % but of-course if would -noV-do for-us to interpose objections or interfere in-any-way. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 93 I-am informed that-the antecedent treatment was antiseptic; such treatment may now 5\ l\ e ^ ^\ |\ r J 1 o 1 N h '[ q -' -1- LV L ^ -3 be discontinued, as-no further decomposition will take-place. The disease is consid- V O v ^ : I/ I , ered non-contagious. The interview was intermingled with various diversions, and- V *^"^ > ' / \ _^ A J v '/[, Q ~\i _. X VZ the evening was passed in^ uninterrupted pleasure. Do-not underrate -the value of unwritten law; usage gives it the-force of-a constitutional enactment. It-'was his 29 ^~\ - S O^_ ^-*\ C \ \J misfortune that-there-should-be a miscalculation and misappropriation of-the funds; X the trouble arose from misplaced confidence in-a misanthropist, who-was-a non-pro- o fessional accountant and also a non-resident of-the-state. He-is charitably supposed TJ- i_ to-be non-compos-mentis, but-the physicians are non-committal as-to-his case. It-is-a L 3.3 K disagreeable d ity to discriminate against, or-to disfranchise, a citizen. After 34/1 35 sideration of-the entire matter, it-was recommended that^reconciliation should take- I place, but-the parties were unreconcilable. Noonday and noontide are synonymous or 94 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 3* interchangeable terms for-the middle of-the day, while afternoon means after noontide 3/ Y ^"^ ' / *^ ) - P , ^?l x-^ % until evening. ''The scorching sun was mounted high, in-all its lustre to-the noonday sky." Objectively means in-an objective manner, while objectiveness is-the quality or 3* L \ ^^/ ^_- state-oM>eing objective. Supernatural is-that-which-is above or beyowd-the established ^ f A^ ^ ^ -v % < _ _ laws of nature, while superabundance means more-than enough ; the superfluities of N I life must-be supplied out-of-the superabundance of art and industry. His argument ) ^ \ -I2L. g in-favor of object-lessons was considered, by common-consent, irrefutable, and-his state- 43 ^ "-^ . ^L L ments are uncontroverted and uncontradicted to-t^is-day. The mystery is still un- ravelled. He returned unrecognized and unreconciled, with-his mission unaccom- 45 plished. Recognizance is-tlie act of recognizing ; acknowletlgment or recognition of-a 46^ . ' ^ person or thing. In law a recognizance Js-an obligation of record, which-a man \ . S~ "\ \, I enters-into before a-court of record to-do some particular act, as-to keep-the peace, or pay a debt. Recognizance is frequently pronounced like-the word reconnaissance, HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 95 Ir ' V ^ \ o g which-has reference to-the examination of-a territory, district, or of-an enemy's position. *- 1 The word reconnoiter means to examine by-the eye, or tp-make-a reconnaissance, or X . 7 - ^s preliminary survey. His acceptability for-the chairmanship of-the -State-Committee A _ ,_X-^ \ ^'^ \r^ ^^ \^ ^ will depend-upon^his responsibility, and-this-will probably be determined very soon. 53 ' C^ ^ \.) K ^ E He-is as-well-known for-his companionship as-for-his statesmanship ; he-is said-to-have *-, y - e _ . c ^ - .-r_ risen from-an ordinary clerkship to-the position of collectorship of-the Port of New- i York. The popularity of-a man and-his punctuality in-business, has-much to-do 5 J with-his prosperity. He-is noted for-his instability, rather-than for-his stabuity, of 57. \ character. Be gentlemanly, but never lordly, in-your treatment of others. Although 8 ( J ) A they declared their hostility to-our institutions, yet we enjoyed their friendliness and 59 hospitality while we remained with-them. His peculiarities, and uncontrollable $ temper, are well-known to those who-are friendly with-him. The meetings will-be- " \..V * f. ^ ^r\ V - held in-the Association building ; delegates arriving late will-be provided with sleeping HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. T accommodations; after-the opening or commencing exercises speaking for-the prize r scholarship will begin. Considering-their relationship, it-would-nofr-be wise to appoint ionship, it-would-nofr-be wis g him to-the executorship of-the estate. The studies of Physiology, Theology, Zoology, / f ^~^/ Psycholog>', and Phrenology are all deeply interesting. Genealogy and Genealogical \r 66 history are comparatively uninteresting. "Know thyself,' 1 or, in-other-words, have self-knowledge. Always-be self-possessed and-have self-reliance. The concomitant 68 , pleasures of doing good are many. He -was reverential as-well-as deferential. 97 LESSON XXIV. AFFIXES. (Write each word twenty-five times.) 230. Ble, Ely, Bility. Expressed by d, joined or disjoined, when ble cannot be conveniently employed. Mental, Mentality, Ality, Arity. Expressed by disjoining the final consonant from the preceding part of the word, thus : sensible-y profitable-y probable-y responsible-y-ility acceptable-ility instability 4 Y stability expansibility sensibility suitability popularity prosperity peculiarity instrumentality punctuality consistently inconsistently gentlemanly lordly 4< fallaciously friendly friendliness frugality vulgarity fundamental monumental 5 ^ sl~ /^' S\ A A . \ v ^4 - V elemental-ly regimental ornamental-ly hospitality hospitable hostility proudness y \7 profitless principality predominant-ly mortality immortal-ity fatal-ity. 231. Blness, Fulness. Expressed by is written at the end of a word, or the full consonant outline may be used if preferred, thus : (/ or _\ _ _ _ i serviceableness teachahlejjtss questionableness doubtfulness_Andispensableness mindfulness carefulness thankfuhieTS helpfulness blissfulness awfulness. NOTE. This circle is used by Pitman to express ings, which can be just as well expressed by a heavy dot, as it will in no way interfere with the use of the light dot for ing. 98 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 332. Ential, Entially. Expressed by ish following , thus : rential i 233. //f, /^ s. Ing may be expressed by a /*f A/ /y dot, at the end of a word, thus : credential deferential inferential reverential prudential providential goj^ntial. r a lig . q "L. V_. chasing gazing creasing kissing rising composing commencing annoying lyi n g feeling bowling stiffening striving driving *Cv __ _ ___ \ A ___ _/- s^~^ " ^^ %^s ^~^^ ^ 7 <^ ^~^^ V^ proving drafting amusing perusing musing losing looming. 235. Ing-the. Expressed by a disjoined tick at the end of a word, written in the direction of p or chay, thus : X doing-the having-the sa\-ing-the trying-the paying-the buying-the B. 0. BAKER LAWYER XA3 HUMPHREY'S INTERUNKAR SHORT-HAND. 99 striking-the I robbing-the training-the cleaning-the concerning-lhe - / considering-the niaking-the giving-the wrapping-the moving-the. 236. Ing-a. Expressed by a tick at the end of a word, written in either a horizon- tal or a perpendicular direction, thus: . 1 L taking-a making-a trying-a striking-a asking-a concerning-a showing-a 2 ' ' \ _ jQ* seeking-a giving-a preaching-a leaving-a. 237. Their, There, Thir, Ing-their-there, Ingly. Expressed by a heavy tick at the end of a word, written in the direction of / or chay, and when convenient may be joined to a circle and to the brief signs for with, ivould, were, etc.; also by lengthening ing, thus: giving-their doing-their making-their staying-there taking-their with-their (a) would-there were-there because-there since-there seeing-their knowingly lovingly laughingly knowing-their loving-their among-their. NOTE. This tick may also be used to express other when added to the word-signs for any and no, as, N * any-other; ^_^f no-other. This makes a clear distinction between these signs and other signs ex- pressed by the lengthening principle, without inserting a vowel. 238. Ology, Ologifal. Expressed by jay, joined or disjoined, thus: ->- -L+- -+- -^- -^- zoology-ical genealogy-ical theology-ical phrenology-ical geology-ical _L( ./- y *_ . -*-v- hnoloi^y physiology-ical psycholog\- ornithology biology sociology. 239. Self, Selves. Expressed, by iss and sez, joined or disjoined, thus: ioo HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. c myself himself themselves yourself yourselves oneself. 240. Ship. Expressed by ish joined or disjoined, thus: apprenticeship chairmanship lordship clerkship statesmanship friendship 2 ( collectorship companionship generalship consulship courtship hardship ownership scholarship judgeship executorship censorship relationship partisanship horsemanship sergeantship. 241. Soever. Expressed by is-vee joined, thus: %^ whatsoever whichsoever - wheresoever whoever whosoever \w_hosesoever *tr whomsoever whensoever whencesoever howsoever. (a) The experienced stenographer may add an /, v-, or -hook, when convenient, to add own, ttot, ever, fore, and the m-circle for is or his, ttms:..fr...were-there-not; . . .%.. . were-there-ever ;. ...... with-their-awn ; . . 3.. . would-tkere-not ;. . -^. . .would-there-ever ; ^ . . . would-there-ever-have-been ; . . ..... . bfcause-there-is-has ;. . /T: _~r^ since-therefore. lot LESSON XXV. WRITING EXERCISE AFFIXES. 242. Practice one page at a time of this exercise until you can write it from dic- tation, then write it from dictation twenty-five times. Write all of the exercises thus far given that are to be written from dictation until you can write them at the rate of one hundred and fifty words a minute. N i ^ *- a \ - \ . He-is probably sensible of-the great honor thrust upon-him, and-his popularity and v < * . gentlemanly ways peculiarly fit-him for-the position. We all rejoice in-his prosperity, 3. \ ( . 3 *L ^^ N ^\ r\ * d and hope that through-his instnnnentality the friendliness of foreign -powers will-be 4 ) ^ ( - f r . < I - -v .. J 1 could-have consistently, and without display of partisanship, shown their statesmanship, ^ ^ a / ( II ^ ; ^ -^ r^> L - and established their ownership of-the territory without hardship to-the tenants. It-is r, provideadal that-he-had-an insurance policy in-the Prud^Mtial Insurance Co. As-soon- V ""1 x/^ A ~ _ as-they present-their credentials at regimental headquarters they-will-be-presented IO3 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. with-an order for ornamental caps and accoutrements. A profitable business must- l^ ^ " ^ Q Z> always-be attended with responsibility. W ? e speak of-the teachableness of children, ^3 ~ a/ v C* i> ); Hissing, ( (?^ ); Doubt, ( ? ); Italics, ( _ ); Small Capitals, ( t: Capitals, ( " r ;| ); Grief, ( / ) In legislative reporting the name of each speaker is stenographed and a circle drawn around it, thus: (>~^ Stter- 1*0*; (\& Edmonds; \^ J/ Gordon. NUMBERS. 244. As far as possible, numbers should be represented by the Arabic figures ; they catch the eye more quickly than short-hand numerals, and are consequently' more easily read. In rapid writing the large, round numbers are more quickly expressed by their short-hand symbols. The figure six is better written in short-hand. The following ~"\ \S* forms may be used to advantage:.^, hundred,/ thousand,. ...... million, _Y.._Jbillion, .^-hundred thousand,_s~?\ hundred million.. ..^-^. .One^y two,_/_.three,_?I^ .six,J._len, ,.*?, first, 5hi-secondV9- third J^.fourth,._L.sixthJ.tenth v Ciwelfth,_^^r'joo; ... .100,000; .4w....4oo;^5>^_ .. . .500,000 ;i .6>Y_ _____ 600,000; 5^-^ i, 200;_!)w.i,300;JV^ 3,000,000,000; 150^- .150,000; I$Q<^__ 150.000,000. Some reporters use the full-length signs, thus : . 4> -4 hundred, . 2! ______ thousand. 105 LESSON XXVI. CONSONANT WORI>-SIGNS. 245. If the student has faithfully followed instructions up to this point, he is sufficiently familiar with the principles to write any word in the English language phonographically ; but to attain the highest speed in writing, further study of the word- signs, and of contracted forms, is necessary. It is believed that the following is about as complete and accurate a list as it is possible to present, all of the signs having stood the test of years in actual practice. Where several words are represented by the same sign they are inclosed in paren- theses. When the terminations -ef, -ed, -fy, -ility, etc., are joined to another word by a hyphen, both the primitive and derivative forms are represented by the same sign, unless there are other signs immediately following and written over the derivatives, as in lines 10 and n, page 112, under K. ' It will be observed that iss-kret is the phonograph for secured, but iss-ker-t for security; while in-iss-kret represents both unsecured and inse- curity, /ss-klet schooled and seclude, but iss-klet-ed secluded. The hyphen is also used to join words together in phrase, as in-order-that, by-means-of. To enable the student to memorize this list with greater ease, and in a much shorter time than heretofore, word-sign sentences have been arranged for dictation ; but in addi- tion to such practice the list should be gone over occasionally, and each sign written from fifty to one hundred times, or more, pronouncing the name and position of each sign, as directed in \ 60, page 16. V \ X ^ up (hope happy party paten t-ed-able) comply peopled-d apply (applicable-ility) (a) c\ '~ > <\ 2 \ N X (appear proper propriety) (improper impropriety) principle-al-ly (practice practical-ly) v - c> (practicable-ility) (upon open) (happen punish-ed-inent) poverty (hopeful hope-to- * >3 \) \x \ ^ _ M i^J ^ have) option compassion passion complain plan completion perfect-ed (proof rv ^ o. \ prove professor) approve-al perfection operation oppression (speak speech spoke) I0 6 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 6\ V- \ \ ) \> S 3^_ -^r- \ spoken speaker speakable special-ly especial-ly exception suspension suspense n No \_ V, NO (suspicion suspicious) suspected peace (pays oppose) (pass hopes) possess possessed 8 \j V ^ ^ V ^_ ^<-* possessor possessive post (passed past happiest) compliance complains (appliance 9 ^\ -5 ^ g; ^o \ o^ ^;> plans) spiritual-ity spiritualism spiritualistic surprise express suppress surprised expressed suppressed (expression separation) suppression experience experienced (inexperience in-the-experience) inexperienced opposition position possession .. ' . \ ^ ^ \~ "^~ except-ed accept-ed-ation acceptable put (complete complied) completely applied (particular-ly appeared pride) opportunity proud point (opened upon-it) happened plaintiff (complaint complained) (plant planned) (profit-ed-able prophet) prophetic proved (approved part-of) suspend-ed explained comprehend-ed apprehend-ed 16 irit .spre superintend-ed-ence-ent spirit .spread separated. (a) Words represented by more than one consonant stem are not, strictly speaking, word-signs, but contractions. A. number of contracted forms appear in this list, for the reason that it is thought best to have the student memorize them at this time, owing to their frequent use. It not infrequently happens that the derivative forms for certain words cause the beginner considerable annoyance, especially as the form for the primitfv. only is given in the Phonetic Dictionaries, (b) The ed-tick may be p/.dcd to nord-sigm when convenient. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. \ by (be object) objected to-be (belong-ed by-all) able (liberty byour) (member remember) (niunber-ed brother) brotherhood brethren combine-ation been before 3 \) __ \, _ V _ % objection-able objective (belief believe) believed believer remembrance brief brave subordinate-d-tion (subject subpoena) subjected subjection subjective buys 5 No v \) >V _ (a-base objects) abuse obligation by-it (be-it be-had) about exhibit-ed (built (a) 6 ^ \ ^_ v _^ x build-ed-ing) (able-to bold-ness) (behold beheld) (a-broad brought) (remembered 1_ _ ^ \ remember-it) (behind combined be-not) abundant-ly-ance (bound bounty-iful) 8 v \ ^ \ before-it above-it blind (blend blunt.) (a) When two forms are given for a word select one and stick to it, do not be con- stantly changing from one sign to the other. Exception is made to this where it is con- venient to represent a word by two signs (see reference a, under T). It frequently hap- pens that a word-sign may be very convenient for a stenographer engaged in a certain line of reporting, and not so convenient for one engaged in some other line; for in- stance, the sermon reporter can use blet, for behold, to good advantage, while the amanu- ensis in a glue factory might not have occasion to use it at all, so do not condemn a cer- tain sign because it does not fit your business. L >- ^_ "I time (it take) take-it overtake partake undertake-n retake betake mistake ^ - ^^ -- - p__ - (at out took) took-it undertook (tell rill it-will) (at-all until) internal (truth io8 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 1 contract-ed) (true it-were at-our attract-ed) (contain taken) (attain at-one) attainment V y attainable It-ought-to-have whatever (out-of it-would-have) at-length (twelve-fth - J - 3 - 1: - 1 - L_I it-will-have) (eternal eternity) at-our-own contrive-ance attractive (city sit) set ' p P (sat satisfy-fied) satisfactory-ly as-to-its consist consisted (system-atic exist) existed 7 P p I L i t i _ L r f u (j state stoat times (it-is its) (itself at-his) (taste test) at-first at-least at-last j j E c ^ r, ^ F, (contains attains) at-once set-off set-forth situation station satisfaction constitution-al ' f Jill 1 U 1_ circumstance-tial circumstances strength-en external construct-ed extreme extremity f] Q Q/ IO Q I . f\ I - Q extract-ed as-it-were contraction attraction construction extraction instruct-ed "-J 1 P P instructive (instruction in-(the)-construction) (consistency sustain) (consistence sustains) 129 I T .1 I or y |]_ sister it-ought (it-would it-had at-it) (till-it tell-it) until-i.t tried (toward trade) 3 J ___v) (contained contend it-ought-not) (attained attend it-not> (at-hand it-had^iot it- 14 I f A / wonld-not) (it)K)Ught-to-have-had it-would-have-had it-will-not contrived constant HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 109 (extent extend stand) consistent sustained constituent constitute-ed state-ed. (a) M is frequently used in phrase as a word-sign for time; as,j at-this-timeA (. .^ (^ at-that-time, etc., to prevent the phrase from extending too far belov? the line of writing. (b) ) Tel 3 is objectionable as a word-sign for both at-all and until; some stenographers write Y' V-lay for at-all, there is then no danger in using tel for until; many, hovever, prefer to change the sign for until and write-^ ettt'-l. This can be shortened for "f until-it, or lengthened fa-Auntil-there-is. (c) Contract, contracted; attract, attracted, O and kindred words, may have ket added to them if the writer prefers a longer outline. ,j i j r f dollar (defendant do day) advertise-d advertisement idle-ness (deliver-ed delivery) > 1 1 1 1 I I J L q J 1 doctor (direct-ed dear) doctrine director (during dark) denominate-d-tion done 3 i -I/ K tp t i i vJ C JS (down providential) divine-ity deviner devinest differ-ent-ence advance-d advance- i i r r i 1 _4 (J L/ I J U^ t l ment edition condition-al additional delinquent-cy (derive derivation) derived 5 I I I T f f p P p ~\^. (7 I I derivative derision direction duration (seed side) said (sad has-had) is-said has-said ^ P f 1 T E P (stead study) stood consider-able-ably inconsiderable said-to-have, is-said-to-have 7 1, f. J J J J consideration in-(the)-consideration denominations audience providence (delinquents 1 I J j 3 delinquencies) deliverance darken-ed (darkens darkness) directness (did did-it) _9J _ r 1 1 __ J J I . 1 do-it (had-liad had-it) delight-ed derided dread-ed during-it did-not do-not HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 1 Y (had-not had-it-not) (considered considerate) inconsiderate-ness accident-al you-did-not 1 ^ or 3 CI 1 _ _/__ __ ^ | you-do-not you-had-not I-did-not I-do-not I-had-not he-did-not he-had-not. (a) By always writing ket-oid- or ret-oid-dent for I-did-nol, I-do-not, and I-liad-not^ vuh may be added to these signs without writing them out of position, or without dan- ger of conflicting with /. The tick for 7 cannot conflict with the tick for he, as he \chet-oid) is always written downward. CH (Pay) i / / / / X 7 (watch each) (which change) (much charge) changeable chargeable each-wi (which-will children) much-will (cheer each-are) (chair which-are) which- were 00 3 * ^_ / ^ ./ C~ which-onght-to-have (whichever which-have) which-wd.-have each-one which-one (which-5ire-to-have which-are-of) (wh.-were-to-have wh.-were-of) as- or is-such . ^ /,/? * ./ f ____ , (such situate-d) situation as-much such-a-one such-ought-to-have such-have c / / such-wd.-have such-are such-were (which-ought which-it) (which-had which-would) (child which- will-it) child-hood cheered charity charitable-bly wiric'i-oughl-not 1 * 6 / 6 (which-wd.-not which-had-not) wh.-ought-to-have-had wh.-have-had wh.-wd.-have-had 9 " wh. -will-not. HUMPHREY'S 1N1EPUNKAR SHORT-HAND. j 1 1 (a) Some of the word-signs under Chay are objectionable to stenographers who do not find it necessary to use signs representing four or five words. Many stenographers do find it necessary, and make good use of them. The beginner must be guided by his experience after he is thrown upon his own resources. In the use of very brief signs, young stenographers are frequently governed by their speed ; if it is not sufficient, they eagerly grasp at every expedient at hand ; as it increases, they do not find it necessary to use excessively contracted forms, and gradually drift into writing fuller outlines, and after years of experience they forget the time when such phrases as, " What-is-his~generat- ref>utatwnfor-truth-and-veraciiy in-the-neighborhood-in-which-he-resides," was a god-send to them, and laugh at the fledgling who is trying to reduce a phrase a yard in length to almost a single stroke of the pen. l(b\ These twr> signs we re inserted v, v mistake. / r joy (advantage Jesus) (damage judge large) enlarge-ment enlarged angel-ic -/- _/^2*_J^_. -i M J, ir*i archangel evangelic-al largely danger endanger dangerous (larger jury) jurors (religion join) general-ly (junior imagine-ary-ation) Jehovah generation degeneration si- I- ~E t "V _t_ _. __ / / ~t~ ~^ regeneration exaggeration (religious joys) irreligious advantages Jews just-ice largest J -f- just-as generalize-d geneialization religionist justification generalization evangelize jurisdiction gentlemen gentleman imagined. K T (kingdom common commit-tee-ed) commonly (come came company) (accompany-ied county) country (call equal-ly) equalization (clerk difficult-y) Christian-ity (care occur) 3 can caution-ed occaaiou-ed act^i call-forth conclusion occurrence cure eon HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. n. seclusion creation created creative Creator (careful-ly care-of) skill scale school (describe-d scripture-al) secure (because kingdoms) (comes companies) accuse (connnonest cost) descriptive description consequential consequence consequent inscribe-d inscription insecure acquisition accession accusation quite could act-ed acquaint-ed-ance account (called equalled) cold conclude-d quality qualification (creature accord-ing-ly) (court carred occurred) (cured accurate accrued) :ured-l client secret sacred secured-ity (unsecured insecurity) skilled exclude-d schooled seclude-d collect-ed collection correct-ed correction character characteristic. give-n altogether (together go ago) (to-go to-give) (glory glorify-ied) (degree agree) (begin-ning organ) organic organism (gain again begun) began gave (govern-ed-inent) governor glorification (signify-ied significant-ce) signification significative significancy organs organized organization . (glories glorious) HUMPHREY'S INTKRLINEAR SHORT-HAND (God got) (good get) guilt-y (glad gold) agreed great give-it gave-it. F= (a) (if fonn-ed) inform-ed information former-ly for (few half affect-ed) eflect-ed (follow-ing feel fill fall if-all) (fail fell for-all) full-y (if-our offer) from for-our (often fine if-one) (phonography for-one) confession fashion confusion fashionable r- ^t- hilanthropv-ic-is (fallen fall-in) fell-in philanthropy-Jc-ist (feature if-it) (after for-it) future fact) ^j___^ s ^_ a . footstep (followed filled feel-it) (failed felt) (from-what offered) (afraid freight) find 6 . v faint found-ed-ation frequent offer-their (from-their further) farther from-their-own (further-than farther-than) if-their (for-their father) (follow-their if-all-their) further-jtheir (a) As a word-sign for form, f is most convenient ; n-f can then be used for inform, n-f-sion for information ; or, if preferred, n-sion may be used for information. ever have (however halve view) evil value valued over (every very) (aver favor-ed) favoraWe favorite converse-ant universe-al university nniversalism 3 ^ ^> U^ ^ ^> U ^ ^ averse even evening (have-been having-been) conviction vision ^very-one HUMPHREY'S IXTERLIXKAK SHORT-HAXIX 4 -3 ^ ^ ^ ^ . I conversion version aversion of-thr have-thr liowever-thr- or they-are (Savior several) e (of-it a-void-ed-ance convict) (liave-harl have-it) e\-idence evident evidently C ) *> (halved viewed) (over-it convert-ed) virtue virtaous virtuously virtual avert-eti 7 T have-not over-thr ever-thr. TH (//A) ^L ( (think oath) (thank-ed thousand-th youth) theology-ical saith south south-east south-eastern author three through-one thought think-it authority authoritative J 1 / rx (threat through-it third) throughout (think-thr or they-are) throygh-thr. TH (Thee) V t \f ~\ (thee thy) (them they) (thou though) Southern-er they-all they-will though-wilt rv / either (their there they-are) other (within thine) then than they-have they-have-had C ( C (. ( 4r they-would-have (these thyself) this (thus those) (themselves this-is) (that t'hey-ought) (b) 4 ( ^ ) ~T~ ~^~ without (they-wd. they-had though-it) there-ought there-it (there-wd. there-had) HUMPHREY'S 1XTKRUNKAK SHORT-HANK. 115 D (on-either-hand there-ought-not) . on-the-other-hand (there-wd.-not there-had-not) 5 * ( { [ t ^_ that-thr the-other without-thr they-ought-not (then-it then-had) (they-wd.-not they-had-not). (a) The //-hook on curves may be changed into an yQiook to express have, ever, of, by extending the hook about one-half the length of the stem, as^^> may-have, ~ astonish-ed-iuent establish-ed-ment (east see-it) (so-it so-had) assets eastern astern. nr ^" V I or . m ( O- i ^ n (eyes ease-y) was, use a verb is-it was-it (as-it has-it) used is n't was-not o O ? \ 2 o - Q or / has n't (is, his) (as, has) (is-his is-as his-is his-has) (as-is as-his as-has) is-thr __ i1_ _ /__ j.1 . _ 1 / ^1 \vas-thr (as-thr has-thr). Il6 HUMPHkKV'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. SH (M) J ) (she wish) (sl n sll-t show) issue wisher sure-ly (assure share) shine (shown shun ocean) 2 ) J J J -j _ conscience (wisht wish-it she ought) shall-it (she-wd. she-had) short (assured shared) 3 J ; , wish-thr. (show-thr. shall-thr.) ZH (Xhee) _ -- -x- -^5- r.sual-ly pleasure-able measure measured '.unueasured innueasSrable. L ^ r r r r P c i ("^ (law ill) will-in^ (whole allow) (line lien) alone revelation revolution (while we-will) C well wool seal (sale soul as-will) salvation (style steal still) (stale stole) stool r r r r 3 ^ r r (laws loss lease) less (allows lose) (light lit lot) (late let) (let-us let-his) latest will-not i - (L r r , J or "^ (arose airs heirs) (h-ours arouse oursel'f) arrest-ed (art heart) or-not are-not around HUMPHREY'S INTKKLINKAK SHUKT-HANI). concerned (Lord read ward) (word heard) (hard yard) (order order-thr.) are-thr. sir I =\ Ov ' (as-onr is-our) concern-ing concerned unconcerned start-ed. R (Upward) recollect-tion recover-ed-y refer-ed-ence (we-are wire) (wear where wore) (aware with-onr) we-are-in (where-in worn workman) with-our-own (wc-are-of we-are-to-have) 3 t/* ? _ ^2. _ , _ (^ <^ > ^ release-ize realization refonn-ed reformation we-were-not we-are-not were-not surround. 7W? (me my, time, in phrase) (am may him) home (men mine mean) man human mission motion (with-me-my) (with-him we-may) (women we-mean-(to) ) woman myself himself similar-ity tsame sum) consume (some-one examine-ation) examined /"> ^5 ~^ 4 _ ^ ^ _ s-^ _ __ _ .^__^^^ * / ^ (might-y meet-ing) met mind (amount-ed am-not may-not) movement \\e-miglit- ,,g HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. meet-made (were-made-met)fre-meant-to we-may-not) somewhat sometime immediate-ly 6 ^ ^ ' C r or Y yes-sir your-own yield-ed. H high Ohio holy-iest-ier-ness hiss house hast household house-and-lot s s~ (heat hit hot) hat hint hotel. VOWEL WORD-SIGNS. I . the (a eh) ah (an and) all (too two) (already awe) (oh O owe) (ought aught) who-m of to or but (on he him) should (I eye aye hie) how we with were 7 3 V \f " _ 2 : n \j what would (ye year-s) (you, your m phrase-]) yet beyond. INTRODUCTORY TO WORD-SIGN SENTENCES. 246. To write rapidly, and to read quickly in return what has been written, re- quires much practice upon properly arranged material. The habit should be discouraged of writing miscellaneous matter from current literature before the student has memorized the word-signs, and is reasonably familiar with the contractions that enter into almost every kind of composition. Neither rhould he be allowed to form outlines of his own devising, or attempt to v.-rite independently of the exercises furnished expressly for the purpose, until he is well versed in the principles of phonetic writing and can apply them with intelligence; otherwise u'rong outlines will be improvised and wrong word^igns used, rendering his notes incorrect, and consequently illegible. Exercises containing the most frequently recurring words are here given, and the student should be required to copy them until he can write them correctly from dictation at the 'rate of sixty words a minute; they should then be dictated to him daily until they can be written at the rate of at least one hundred and twenty-five words a minute. When this rate of speed is attained the student will be so familiar with the word-forms that he may safely be trusted to improvise exercises consisting of the simplest forms of speech, with the result that in an entire page of notes not more than two or three corrections will be found necessary. 247. It is scarcely necessary to apologize to the student of phonography for the style in which many of these sentences are arranged, for he will understand the difficul- ties to be overcome; but for the information of the casual reader, unacquainted with the mysteries of the art, we will explain that these sentences are composed of a limited num- ber of words, not exceeding two hundred, which are represented by signs, more or less arbitrary. This list of words is the key-note, as it were, to rapid reporting, and it is absolutely necessary that the student should learn to write them with the utmost facility before great speed can be attained. In order to make these sentences still more effective for the purpose, word-signs of similar form are put in contrast with each other whenever practicable, and the words they represent are made to appear in the sentences as often as possible. For instance, by referring to the fifth sentence it will be seen that the words it and time; appear -s, principles, suppression, and oppression, are expressed by signs similar in construction. There are several advantages to be derived from this arrange- ment, not the least of which is, that it gives the student confidence in his ability to read arbitrary signs, representing different words in the same sentence, with a readiness that could only be acquired by long practice. It also teaches him how to read quickly with the aid of the context, and such aid is very necessary, for these signs do not give the reader the assistance that full phonetic outlines would give, and shows him that the context can be relied upon in a great degree by a well-informed stenographer, especially if the matter reported \vas arranged with reference to any kind of grammatical construc- tion. It is a good plan for the student to form sentences of this kind and lay them aside until he has forgotten their arrangement, and then try to translate them with the aid of the context and his memory of the word-signs. 248. The student studying by himself should divide this list into lessons of about ten or fifteen sentences each; copy the lesson until thoroughly familiar with it; then re- quire some one to dictate it daily until the rate of speed herein before suggested is reached. After the word-signs are memorized they should be written from dictation in review many times throughout the entire course. LESSON XXVIL WORD-SIGN SENTENCES. v C^ ->-* __ ( (i) The people will comply with-the wishes of-the party in-all things. (2) They appear to-be happy in-the hope of-the glories beyond. (3) Experience and practice combined make practical men and women. (4) The operation called-forth expressions ^ of surprise. (5) It appears that-the principles of suppression and oppression governed them at-all times. (6) Do-not oppose peace, for upon-it depends our salvation. (7) The surrounding circumstances point unmistakably to-his guilt (8) The study U_ ^""^ ^5*^, L b. J_ of-the Constitution of-the United-States of America is instructive as-well-as interesting. (9) The singular construction of-the English language is -wonderful. (10) Those who s - \, _ complain of poverty now hope-to-have riches of-their-own in due course of time. _ ____ __ -- -- __ S 5 ) (n) They expressed their approval and great surprise at-the plans and appliances used ^""^ S- ^ _ _ ' \ s \ V __ . __;ISi-__c^-* Vo ^o \ in building-the building. (12) He hopes to pass the happiest and most pleasurable J ...... ^ - < \ ' J __ l_j^-i time in-all of-his experience. (13) The audience was held in suspense at-the HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ..... L ....... ^ ......... ^ ....... i-pi ........ S .......... "5 ........ X ........ C ................. &...:. f ^^^- dangerous position of-the blind man, who-was suspended above them. (14) This-is a ................. 4 ..................... ! .............................. < .................. ....... matter which-ouglit-to-have-been considered, and which-would-have-been had-it-nor-been ^ ........ > .................. ^ ...... ii ...... LJL ......... ^..... V ...A... fcr-our objections. (15) In-his speech he spoke with special reference to-the suspicion ..^..^....dLl ..... .^ ...... ,.W ...... s, ..................... : ....... 5k_jjJA. which first caused their arrest and final suspension. (16) The subject on which I-have spoken has-the approval of men experienced in-such-matters. (17) If you-will submit j., ..... _ ........ -,... .J.... ..... v. . Co ' No your proof to prove the facts you-have alleged, the parties shall-be punished if found guilty. (18) The question at issue, and before us now, is-not what may-be done, but .! ...... S, ...... J...N ......... L ............... J ..................... .^ ........ t! ....... /..- ............... 1. what will-be done by-the different denominations during-the session just called. (19) The ~ ........ - .......... .......... - ..... -\ ......... 5 ....... r^ ............... 4 ..... i ........ ,.. importance of-the movement ought to-be considered from-the stand-point of improvement __./ ........... '. ....... ^ ....... o, .................. ............ j> .................. 3 ............ />. ..... _u which-has already been made. (20) His constituents considered such action "^^^ ............ 1.. ..... < ........ 3 ..... rs .......... .?. .......... v._ ..... ^ ........ .^ inharmonious, and consider that he-was very inconsiderate of-their expressed wishes, _C ......... C ........ ^ ..... fJs-^..'......^^. x . ...... .a, ..... C ...... C. consequently they will-not vote for. him or sustain-him on future occasions; they think, ^ <, in-fact, that-he ought-to-be retired to-the quiet seclusion of-his country home. (21) I-am, -W-^J .......... ^ ...... ^ ..... ' .......... 0. ........ ^ ..... k, ..... .!S) ........ L2$. however, perfectly astonished to hear that they-have applied for=a separation , it surprises HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. '" /? owner must go to some-one else for-his information ; some-other-one may tell lim, ., ....... z .......................... <. ....... ^ .......... f ......... \i ........... j ............... ^ ......... a but we-will-not. (25) As-the spiritualists stood before-the audience, hand-in-hand, they ^ c told of wonderful manifestations, and-of visions from-the spirit world that appeared to them in spiritual form. (26) We-are completely worn out with-such hard labor, for C } we-have performed all-this work with-our-own hands. (27) In-view of-the facts already known, he expressed himself as-not at-all surprised that spiritualism should-be suppressed. r ^ ( v^ C~ ^L L ^ -TV^. -^* ^*7 -^* v I . . G? ?s (28) We-will suppress them for-a while on-several accounts, but more particularly in-consequence of-their opposition to-our immediate possession. (29) The counsel for ( ^\/^~ \ plaintiff complained that he^had-not had an opportunity to properly open-the case v on-the-part-of-his client. (30) The song she sang was described, as being beautiful 124 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. .-. beyond description; you-sbould-have heard it to appreciate it (31) I-cannot account X ....... = ....... ........ 1 ..... L:>. ........ i^. ........... ? ...... :n.\..:\.._ ..... for-the inscribed inscription, or tell why it-should-be set-off in-this peculiar way. (32) - In compliance with-our plans of-the evening before, we passed by-him at-his post and _ f < (c) ^ / ...... > ...... f. ....... v. "^ ..... X found him still watching without thought-of danger. (33) She-is said to-be-the ..^ ...... IJ^LL-^.. ........ I ...... ~z> ..... ^-.^p ...... ^ ....... -' ....... ia~ possessor of-a violent temper ; but on-this occasion she possessed herself with patience, ^X <\ -> ^ ~N V *\ ......... ^ ..... \^. .................... -A ............. ^ notwithstanding very great provocation to exhibit her passion. (34) Upon-his express- ............. ..... ...... ........ ...... ........... .......... ....... _ ........ ..... ing-the express pacla^ge we-are-of opinion that-the obligation he-was under was complied ..: ..................... t ...... ^ ..... f with. (35) I-have-an option on twenty thousand-dollars' worth-of cloth, to-be delivered by-the manufacturers at-once, or as-soon-as there-is a call for-it. (36) The strength of \ b U / v .s / P .L each member, and-its construction, was set-forth to their entire satisfaction. (37) It-so ...... s .............. ............. & .............. ............ *; .......... * ...... \ ......... - happened that-the complaint though approved, proved to-be quite defective. (38) Should-you happen to-be up 'our way at any time, call in and see us. (39) The plan, upon completion, was perfection itself. (40) Their Christianity and spirituality cannot, -- ........... - ....... \ .......... - ................. - ..... - ........... I ......... and ought-not to-be questioned. (41) I met-him at-the meeting where he- was to HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 125 speak ; I-had, however, spoken to-him once before. (42) He described them particularly <\ V. v_^ r- ., .............................. ........... ............ -..(^ .............. /....I... was spirited away by some-one unknown ; we-are suspicious of those men who loiter .............. } ........ 1 ......... I .......... } ...... ^i ..... . _____ J> ..... : ..... a ....... i_ ~st b around here during-the day. (44) He-was induced to go and hear the word of-the Lord read for-the first time in his life; when all were requested to read together he A <- ( 9 ) \) /..\ ............. v ............... .cr^~~ .................. x .................................... y. ......... ........ of-their being easily influenced for-that which-is bad. (5<5); It-will-not-be approved as 126 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. .1 - * -\ u-... "T planned, and-it ought-not to-be for-it-is-not what-was ordered or expected, and it-will-not- * a. <^ - ~ be accepted except some change is-made in-it. (51) We at-length arrived at an inn. ...\ \r~ ..-* / 0... which seemed to-be in-an out-of-the way locality, quite near- a large and well built S f I \ < city. (52) After-the Insurance Company has adjusted our losses, it-is probable that A I (c) v i^ \ I I s~\ K *rf /*\. W V we-will-not have more-than ten out-of twelve thousand dollars worth-of goods left. (53) I*"* 5 m y belief that if-we combine the old combinations with-the new ones given. .; 1 / /v we-will-have more practical designs, the construction of-which should-be remembered !> c -= ' -C - ^--'-^'^-^^^' for future reference and use. (54) By degrees the nation began to grow again in *_2 ..... /a... in-reference to-the organic analysis of-the organism of-that delicate organ .known as-the _ G~ V human-heart, I-can only say that-it-has-been found to-be-the most complete in-its r c \ organization of any organic structure that was ever organized. (66) We-were delighted 1 at-Uie darkness for-it darkened each object so we could easily be seen (67) Some-one 128 (TV HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. P <- C. a. ^ I ) has-said that-a similar amount, about-a million dollars, was consumed in-a movement I - \ ^ I G(k) * .Jo Ai i >p. f. L-~ ^/ of-this kind before; but I-am-not-positive who it-was. (68) We-were-not aware that-the I s _____ ..Jl .................... V .......... >^j...v.rN^^ them, and succeed, you-may partake of-their hospitality. (80) They undertook to retake the position they-had lost; but they made a mistake, for-the enemy compelled them to V_ 6 S C ^~ ^ * A ^ \ ^ betake themselves to-the woods (81) I apprehend that-yon-will comprehend what-the study Of shorthand is before you-can write at-the-rate-of two hundred words a minute. 1 I ^ / -s / . _..qr I/ - / * V> C......I ....f/-.. (82) There-is-a difiFerence between angel and archangel, angelic and evangelic (83) I i ' ^ 1 1 LA. 1 .f- Tell-fhem they ought-to-have applied it externally, it-is-uot for internal use. (84) r. L. fi _ IL^_: -x ji-^-^-.-i I-will-not tell-it till-it-is told in school, or until-it-is told after school is out (85) In- IJO HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ....... .1 .............. t ........ ....... < ............ . ........... ^Jr: ......... ?. ........... ^ ........ i... consideration of-the gift, he-is said-to-have acted in-a considerate manner towards c < - v ................... ' ......... r ^ F ^ ................... ^ those who gave-it to-hiin. (86) He has-had a very sad experience, which-would-be t *- r J /-v I > ....... ' ........... K ...... ' ....... ^ ........... ................ t, ............ ..... r - r Vj_/ interesting were-it told to-the audience ; he owes his improved condition to-a beneficent and J. .................... divine providence. (87) Every business-man should advertise his business ; the character, or style, of-the advertisement is important, and-the methods of advertising now in use ^ ....... s~* ..... ^ ...... r ...... v^,--^ ....... ?- .......... \ ...... / are improvements over-the old fashioned ways; judicious advertising will always pay the ' ' advertiser, if- the goods, are. as represented or advertised. (88) The advantages of ...... L ........... ^ ..... ^ ....... \^... N ......... i ........... ^ ....... ^ ..... ^ ...... c...... religious regeneration are apparent to-the commonest creature in-the world, as-well-as o _ to-the Christian. (89) Your creation is quite characteristic of-you, and shows great :..Z1 ( ...... C ...... C. ....- ....... la.. / *- ~^> natural skill ; also that you-are well schooled in-the arts and sciences. (90) Who-ever thought it-wouM-be followed, and found floating, after so-many days and weeks have passed away. (91) Your valued favor is-at-hand, and your request -will-be attended-to ~ \ immediately, by myself. (92) The largest and most accurate results will-not-be secured _")*>_ ..... .^. .............. : ...... -^....) ....... ^ ^, . Q : ^ by-such means. (93) The gift was-a significant one, and signified the esteem in-which HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 13* ........ ....... ...... T ..... he-has long been held by-those who gave-it to-him ; only those in-the secret understand J, ........ ^ ........ ! ....... ^ ......................... \ ..... its significance or signification. (94) He-was astonished at-all that-he saw in-the establishment; he-had seen one similar to this in arrangement, but somewhat smaller. (95) He attended the-first session of congress, almost without cessation, after-the secession _/. .' f L JL / * of-the South, or Southern states. (96) This company holds all of-their things in ...~. ) < C ^~- I- common, so each-one has-an equal interest in-all of-their securities, and in property and real-estate of every- kind. (97) He-has had-it, but they-have-not had-it ; he-would- _JL ....... L. -t ......... 4 ..... 1 ..... '. ........ ?-.. C-, ...C-,. v_ ( C benefactor "Beneficial-ly-ary benevolent-ce-ly benignity-nant bequest bequeath-ed bed-chamber-clothes-room-time beihgerent BetrUehein better-not-than bewilder-ed bill-of-sale biography-ic-al birth^ay-place-right boarding-house-school board-of- I ^o 6 ^ ^ V-^ V^> ^_^^ trade boldness bond-and-mortgage bondsmen-man bookstore bounty^Tu1-rres broken-hearted brutality burdensome business-like busy-body by-way-of- illustrating-ion. 1 36 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. cabinet calculate-d-able California campaign capable-ility capacity capital- ist-stock capital ize-ation captain captive-ity casualty Catholic-cism certain- ^\^.--r- / --^--^ ly-ty certify-ied-icate qh/llenge chapter chaplain charter charity-able-y-ness L - charlatan-ism chattel-mortgage children-of-God Christian-religion Christianize-d Christendom ChurcrTcTChrist Church-of-God circuit-court -circulate-d-ion circumference co-equal-ly collateral collect-on-delivery (C. O. D.); commandment commercial coramon-council-law-sense-wealth commission-ed-er communicate-d- ion cornparative-ly compassion-ate-ly complicate-d-ion comprehension-sive condemnation confidential-^ conform-ab\e-ation congratulate congregate-tion conjecture-d-al connect-ed Connecticut conscience-tious-ly-ness conscious-ly- ness consecutive-ly conservative-ism constable Constitution-of-the-U.-S. consumption contaminate-d-ion contemplate-d-ion conti/igent-cy continue-d- HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 137 ance-ally-ation contradict-ory controvert-sy co-operate-d-tion correspond- M ed-ent corresponding-secretary councilman counsel-cil counteract-ed credit-able criminal-ate-ed-ation criticise-d-cism cross-examine-d-ation-question 16 cruelty, culpable-ility cultivate-d-tion curiosity curious-ly cursory custom- 17 er-ary-house. damnation daughter day-or-two debility decease-d declare-d ^December dedicate-d deduct-ed definitioji deform-ed-ity deity deliberate-d-tion democrat ......... L?. ......... k, ....... ic-cy demoralize-ation demonstrate-d-tion denounce depart-ed-ment depend-ent-ce deponent deprecate-d-ion depreciate-d-ion derange-d-ment denve-d-ative V L....L... ..... UT^ .............. I J \ V^ V desideratum desperate-tion develope-d-ment devised diameter-rical-ly dignify- ied-ty diligent diplomat- ic-cy disadvantage-s-ous discriminate-d-tion disagree-d- 7 l -L- i ment disappear-ed-ance discharge-d dishonor-ed disqualify-ed-cation distinct-ly- 138 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. tion distinguish-ed-able disappoint-ed-ment disbelief-ve-d discontinue-. enormous-ity enquire-y enroll-ed entertain-ed-ment enthusiast-ic-^asta euvelope-d ...V ?. Episcopal-ian-cy-chnrch epistle error erroneous escheat especial-ly 8 ^ ) >N >-v ^ I or I 1 essential-ly estate esteem-ed estimate-d et cetera eternal-life dtogy Europe-an brV evade eventual- evaae eventual-ly everybody everything everlasting-life ever-and-ever ever-more evidence evident exaggerate-d-tion example exemplify-ied exemplification excellent-ce exchange exchequer exception-able exclude-d-sion e'xecutor-trix expend-iture express-company exterminate-ed-ion extinguish-ed extraordinary-ily extravagant-ce extract-ed extreme-ity extricate-ed eye-sight lure faintest faithful-iy-ness falsehood falsified-cation falsity fatal-ity family familiar-ize February fellow-cmz^ns female fertile fidelity final-ly finance-ial orge-d-er-y first-class foreign-er forever foretell foretold forgive-n for-instance formal-ity former-ly forthwith fortune-aterly for-the-most-part for-the-sake-of I4O HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND frequent-ly-cy fundamental furnish-ed-iture further-ance-more-most 1 furth ^- generation genial genteel-ility gentile geography-ical Georgia gradual-ly OT *-? ..... ..... illegal-ity illegible-bility illegitimate-cy-ly illiberal-ity Illinois illiterate dflogical HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 14! illustrate-d-ion imbecil-ity immaterial immature immigrate-d-ion imminent immoderate immodest-ly irnmoral-ity immortal-ity-ize immutable impassioned-ate impartial-ly iinpatient-ly impel-led imperceptible-y imperfect-ly-ion impetus impious-ly implacable-ility impenetrable-y-ility imperative impolitic impracticable-y- ility imprisonment impregnable-y-ility improbable-y-ility irnproper-ly-riety ^^>....) / \ ifnprovidence-t-ly. inability inaccuracy-te in-accordance in-as-much inauspicious-ly incessant-ly (incite in-the-sight) incline-ation-d incidental-ly incivility income- 1 petent-plete incombustible-ility incompatible-ity inconsiderable inconsistent-ly inconstant incredible-ility incredulity indebted indeed indefatigable indefinite-ly v 1 ^^_-0 -^P - 1 s^x_^ ?. ..... jj^^^ ....................... I ................. ^x, ................ r\ ................ indemnify-ied-t-ication indenture independent-ce-ly indescribable-y Indiana indicate-d-ion/ indict-ed indifTerence-ent-ly indigestible indignity-ant-ly-ion iudiscreiion iydlscriminate-ly indispensable-y indisposition indisscluble-y 142 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ^"1 ^- V indistinct-ly-ness individual-ly-ity indulge-d-ence-ently industry-ious inevitable-y 16 inefficient-cy-ly inference-rial inferior-Sty infer-red infidel-ity infinite-y infinitesimal-ly infinitude infirm-ity influential infonn-ed-ant informal-ly-ity 18 ^-^ / n . *J .(^jy.... infringe-d-inent ingenious ingenuous inhabit-ed-al^k-ant J inherent-ly-heritance-ed injured-y innocence-t in-order-to-that inquire-y-ed inquest inquisition-itor in-regard-to in-reply-to in-relation-to in-resp>onse-to insignificance-y-cant-ly inspection-tor . inspire-d-ration insolvent-cy install-ed-ment instantaneous-ly La/ 1 intnnsic-al-ly introduce-d-tion-tory intuitive-ly-tion invalid-ity invent-ed-or-tion investigate-d-ion investment inyolve-d Iowa irrational-ly irreconcilable-y irregular-ity-ly irresis&t4e-y irrepara^le-y ine- proackable irrespective-ly irresponsible'-y-ility irreverence-ent-ly irrevocable-y. J L January June jeoplrdy^ze-^ JesUs-Christ Jesus-of-Nazareth joiat-committee-stock . judgment judicature-ory judicial-ly-ary judicious-ly Justice-of-the-Peace iust-had jurisprudence juryman justice-o'i-God justify-able-fied-cation juvenile juxtaposition. K Kansas Kentucky kindhearted kindergarten Kingdom-of-Christ-God-Heaven knowledge. labored ladies-and-gentlemen lament-ed landlord last-week latest lately laws-of-health- 144 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ^ n n u/ life lawyer learned, v.; learned, a. learned-ccunsel-friend-gentleman-judge leasehold left-hand-ed legal-ity legible-y-ility legislate-ure-ion-tor-tive legitimate lengthen-ed 4 ., A \ (^ ^ \ X lengthwise liability liberty libertinism liberal-ity liberty-of-the-people-press- r s* f\. speech life-estate-time light-est-footed-handed-headed-hearted-minded likely-hood liquidate-d-ion litigant-gate-ed little locomotive long-time-hand longer-than longitude-inal-ly looking-glass Lord-and-Savior-Jesus-Christ Lord-Jesus-Christ Louisiana loyal-ly luckily luxuriant luxuriate luxury-ies-ous. 3 machine-ist-ry magazine magnanimous-ly-imity magnificerice-t-ly maintain-ed maintenance majest-ic-ally majority malevolent-ce malformation malicious^ly-ness malignant-cy-ly-ty malpractice manufacture-er-ing-tory manuscript March materialist-ism mature-d-ity manager mathematics-cian-ical-ly meantime mechanic-al-ly mechanisni medical-treatment medicine-cate-d meditate-d-ation HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. V Mediterranean medium madam melancholy membership Member-of-the-Bar- Coagress-Parl iatnent memorandu'm-a memorable mental-ly-ity mention-d merchant-disc mercantile mercy-ies-iful mercy-seat mercenary messenger Messrs. metaphor-ical metaphysics-ical method-ical Methodist-ism metropolitan Michigan ^ 0> ^ - ~j ^I^....... \ .^. .L_j?.._ L...C^....^Z > Z?^.....JZ^L microscope-ic-al mightest mightiness mighty migrate minimum minister-ed-try Minister-of-the-Gospel minority ministerial ministration Minnesota miracle-Sr ulous misdemeanor misfortune misrepresent-ed-ation mistake-n-took misses ...^L.. ....... .C?\. ............ 3^. ...... __ _ ________ C^I _______ .^-'X-Ti... missionary Mississippi Missouri misinformed mitigate-d modified-cation modest-ly moral-ly-ity mortal-ity mortgage-d-ee-or mortify-ication - more-or-less most-important-likely most-of-the-time multiply-ied-ication-tude munificent-ce-ly mutability. N narrate-d-ation-tive native-ity nature-al-ly naturalize-d-ist-ation national-ity 146 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND, national-expenditure-reform navigate-d-or-ion necessary-ily necessary-consequences necessity-ate-d needful-less negative-ly neglect-ed-ful negligent-ce-ly negotiate-ion neighborhood neutral-ity-ize never-theless-it-is New-Hampshire-Jersey-Mexico- ^/^ ^~z^ b v. >rrJr Testament-York-City-State next-day-month-year-week nobody-else non-essential non-performance North-America-Carolina north-east-ern-easterly northwest-em-erly northward-ly notwithstanding-its-ingthr. nothing November nowhere nuisance aumberleas nourish-ed-ment obedient-ce obey-ed observe-d-ant-ce-ation ibsolete obstruct-ed-ion obvious occasion-ed-al-ly October occupy-ied-ation oflBcial-ly ofiBcious^ness-ly oftentimes Ohio Old-and-New-Testaments omnipotent-ce omtiipresent-ce omniscient-ce on-acct.-of one-of-the-most one-or-two origin-al-ly-ity ornament-ed-al-ly orthodox-y *\ .................... j[ orthography-ic-ally ostentatious-ly-tion otherwise overwhelm-ed-in. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 147 paid painful-ly palace-car parallel-ed Parliament-ary-arian partial-ly-ity participate-d-ant-ation partner-ship partook party-of-the-nrst-part-sec^part 7 / ( ( es ~ passenge'r-car passion-ate-ly pastime patraology-ioal-ist patience-t-ly patriot-ic-ism f ^\^^^ \_ \_P X_p \ '7d ^ ^ patron-age-ize pattern peculiar-ity-ly peculiar-circumstances-of-the-case pecuniary-ily penalty pencil penetrate-d-able-ation penitehtiary Pennsylvania people-of-God per-annum-cent perform-ed-s-ance perish-able permanent-ly-ce permit-ted-ission pernicious-ly perpendilular-ly-ity perpetual-te-d-ation persecute-d-ion persevere- ance-d personal-ly-ity personal-estate-propeVty-se\:urity-rights personification persuade-d plienomena-non philology philosophy-ic-al-er^ phonetic-society phonographer-ic-y 'phonograph photograph-y-ic physical-olog> -ically pickpocket plural-ity point-of-fact-view police-court political-ly-economy popular-ly-ity possessed-or-ive possible-y-ility posterity post-master-office-card-service-stamp 148 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. postmortem-examination practiced-titioner precede-d precipitate-d-ion-ly precisely \ x ? ^ *\. ^ *-j - v V- -v \ \\^ ^/\~- ^\ \ ' ' ^-...p atlantic transcend-ed-ent-al-ism transcript-ion transfer-red transform-ed-ation 71 1 1 1 7 L_a J ^ J J r tx^ ^\/ transgress-ion transient-ly transparent trinity trustworthy. U ultimate-ly-um unanimous unavoidable unawarts uncertain nncomsnon 152 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 2 I ~U .'1 Q ^^ uncontradicted under-the-circumstances-of-the-case underhand-ed understand-ing- stood-take-n undoubted undu I l *-* ' Washington wayward we-may-be-able-to Wednesday West-Indies-Virginia ,!L whatsoever whenever whensoever whereby-fore wheresoever willing-ly Wisconsin wisdom-of-God wisest withdraw withstand-stood Word-of-God words-of-my-text- our-text working-classes-man-men. tick yesterday yearly your-favor-statement yours-truly-respectfully. LESSON XXIX. SIMPLE PHRASES JOINED A, AN, AND. 251. Write each of the following phrases twenty-five times. At least half an hour each day should be devoted to this practice. Combinations that are unusually difficult to form should be written a hundred times, if necessary. Copy the phrases slowly at first, or until they are well in mind, then execute them as rapidly as you can and make neat outlines. Review them from time to time. _L_i,, ............. 5 in-a-(an) for-a-(an) that-a-(an) when-a-(an) send-a-(an) was-a-(an) into can it-is does ?^......Tn- ....... fc....l._.7 ...... . ..... : ....... " ......... u ...... \r... just against this-is of all to or already but before on ought should ^ ....... :?. ........ A. ..... _ ..... Z___ ..... 1 ......... ^.1 ......... &_:_ who is as and-that and-for and-generally do-you where this this-is-a then-a 3.. accordingly is as and-I-was and-he-was and-I-will and-he-will and-I-shall and-he-shall. JOINED HE, HIM, THE. A 252. Initial he is always written downward; medially and finally, in phrase, it may be written upward. 253. There is no danger of any one of these three ticks clashing with each other. Him can be expressed by /A^-tick with perfect safety; it is here confined to phrase writing, but some stenographers use it, standing alone, written in the position of he or on. f ..... Lfo ..... U he-did-not-had-not-was-not he-went-wont he-must-be he-might-will he-has-been- has-not-been he-has-done he-can he-cannot he-wonld-have he-should-be-not-be ........... _ ....... 6. __ or...< ........ ________ he-is-a-the he-has-a-the he-called-him he-comes-could-not when-he-was-would VXA, ........ I ........ ........ (. ............ L for-he-was-would does-he thinks-he-can-would then-he as-long-as-he smce-he-has HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 155 5 Q_^ P P ;* # f f ^ x < V^^ as-soon-as-he-could is-he-the has-he-the as-he-has-is he-sent-him-gave-him for-the L^. " L V-\ when-the accordingly-the whatever-the iipon-the-him abovT-the-him where-the. which-the gave-the-him was-the can-the it-is-the this-is-the against-the-him .....> >. , , r. r * * v.v *_ of-him all-the to-the-him or-the already-the but-he-him before-the-him on-the J. '. _* : _* ^ ' ..A ought-the should-the who-the-is-the is-the as-the. JOINED I. 254. 7 is one of the most frequently recurring words, and probably introduces inore phrases than any other. In the words L - - item, \ idea, 2 Isaac, / eyes, highest, and ^ p highness, the full form is generally used ; but in all words where a convenient joining can be had, either the downward stroke of / (petoid,} or the up- ward stroke (retold,) and tetoid, may be used. Some writers prefer to use the full form in all cases when / precedes the stems s or z; this is not at all necessary, as experience has demonstrated that tetoid can just as well be used, as / J-was, / I-see-saw, ) f-say\ inverted yuh can then be phrased with these stems for / you-see-saw, ) you-say. In the same manner yuh may be added to d for I you-do, 'I yon-had, etc., (see lines 9 and 10, page 109). 255. / should not be affixed to a word, and it should never take the slant of diet- aid (written downward^) which represents he. 256. If the above directions are carefully followed there will be no conflict be- tween he and 7. To still further aid the student pn this point, a line of 7- and Ae-phrases are here contrasted . t- I-am-sure I-am-very-sure I-am-glad- i~T very-glad I-am-sorry-very-sorry I-ain-incliiied I-do-not I-did-not I-had-not I-fear I-fear-you-are-will-have I-fear-you-will-be-may I-must-be I-must-have-not p v^~CN-l s^~^_>v x^ ^o ^^o ^ ^^-^ ""-vi>"" I-must-not-have I-must-not-be I-find-found I-understand-stood I-am-aware I-am-certain-that I-agree-believe-hear-remember. JOINED AS, HAS. has-been it-has-been has^cione it-has^done as-for has-not as-well-as as-soon-as ^ _ Q as-long-as as-has as-has-been as-good-as as-far-as such-as such-as-has-been .1 _ ^.. such-as-would such-as-can there-has-not-been it-has-not-bee~n that-has-nothing nothing-has- oeen. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 157 JOINED IS, US. . I c v_p v I L L! ^ ^j> b NJ? x^y kjj) b. -\o (f it-is that-is in-his for-his it-is-not it-is-not-his tell-his think-his there-is when-is Z ..k. b ?. x> ' ^ ... this-is it-is-his of-his to-his all-his on-his should-his who-is is-not is-sent is-this is-then is-done is-said is-safe is-seen is-his is-such tell-us tell-us-bis /*> V^) U D defend-us let-us save-us think-iis take-us takes-us send-us love-ns lo\ts-us. JOINED WE, YOU. we-have we-have-been we-have-no-known we-have-done we-have-said we-have-seen . .1 we-donot we-think we-think-it we-think-so we-think-you we-think-that we-think- you-may we^think-you-will we-think-you-are we-think-you-must we-shall we-shall-be A we-shall-have \ve-shall-not-have we-ehall-not-be we-shall-not-tmnk-you we-fear we-fear-you-are-not we-fear-you-will-not we-fear-you-will-be we-fear-you-must we- fear-you-uiust-be^ we-feel-fail-find you-will you-will-not you-will-be you-will-not-be you-will-have you-will-do you-may-not you-can-not you-must-not you-aie-not 153 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. you-may-have-been you-must-be you-must-have-been you-must-not-be you-can-be you-cannot-be you-can-have you-cannot-have. DOUBLE AND TRIPLE LENGTH CURVES. For explanation, see pages 75 and 76. love-their-ing-their between-their sending-their save-their-ing-their when-there- -7 7 shall-te \vhenever-there-is-tne for-their-is-not I-think-their-is I-am-sure-there-is are-there-as-many receive-their serve-their sanction-their finish-their furnjslMheir defend(er)-their surrender surrender-their render-account render-their-account you-afe-entirely have-the-raatter enter-d-his-service "it-matters-little \vander-ed-about longer-than-that younger-tnhn if-there-is-anything-nothmg-to-be if-there-be-not it-is-rather it-was-raerefore there-is-another-question-subject-point-oNTe-w \vhere-they- are-thcre-are do-you-know-whether-there-is further-thcTTTtrlerests whetHer-there are-means enter-their-protest feathei-their-nests further-their-^wn when-their-own HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. '59 know-their-own was-th^ir-own however^their think-their is-their over-their value-their wish-their. N-HOOK PHRASES. 257. The Mhook is used to express one, own, than, not, in, ua. (See page 87, 218.) =* C.. 3. v... ^s^^? her-own our-own your-own theft-own have-their-own save-their-own either-one everyone another-one some-one which-one each-one better-than further-than _r: \ ^^rrrr^.,rzr.....: v... j ^_> more-than nearer-than other-than sooner-than rather-than quicker-than better-not 3 was-not will-not have-not but-not or-not ought-not in-some-way in-the-summer- I spring in-the-same-place-manner in-the-experience in-his-presence in^onsideratioa unseasonable in-some-cases-pursuits. R-HOOK PHRASES. 258. The .tf-hook is used to express are, our, were. .LX-..C-. Z. L Z..../ i 3 they-are-not which-are-were such-are-were atour-own it-were in-our-own in-our-opinion at-ou^2ggestion-request 160 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. W-HOOK PHRASES. 259. The W-hook is used to express we and with. we-will-not we-are-not we-may-not we-must-not we-are-in we-may-as-well- might-as-well we-mean-to-have-to-be we-might-not we-met we-meant-to-have-to-be 3 or - -^ c ..... _ ................. .<-/. - o... tp... o J of-the-people speech-of-the-President nature-of-the-case statcmcnt-of-the-case prepouderance-of-evidence wofds-of-my-text how-long-have-you-known-him where- do-you-residc \vhat-is-your-naine-occupation. INTERSECTED PHRASES. 263. "It frequently happens that the reporter is called upon to write long titles of railway corporations, societies, etc., where the joining together of the entire name would be exceedingly awkward and inconvenient. In such cases the words association, company ', committee, department, party, and society can be disjoined and written through the pre- ceding outline, or in juxtaposition to it, when not convenient to strike it through. The consonant k being used in this work as a word-sign for company, in many cases it can be joined to the preceding stem more readily than it can be intersected, and when it is pre- ceded by an j-circle the circle should be turned on the most convenient side of the stroke. The principle of intersection can be employed to great advantage 'in writing medical, and other technical terms; in such cases special forms must be improvised by the steno- grapher to meet the line of work in which he is engaged. Long titles can be divided and a part of a word, or an entire word, omitted, as in Muskingum Valley R. R. Co., given below. 264. While intersected forms are generally more quickly executed, they are not always the briefest ; but fully make up in legibility what they may lack in point of brev- ity. A few medical and law terms are given to show the advantages of this method of representation. Bar-Association Building-Asso. Benevolent-Asso. Protective-Asso. Christian-Asso Adams-Express-Co. American-Express-Co. U.-S.-Ex.-Co. Amer. -Transportation-Co. Union-Ferry-Co. Munici pal-Gas-Co. Manufacturing-Co. Machine-Co. Express-Co. Penna.-R.-R.-Co. Muskmguui-Valley-R.-R.-Co. The-Burnham,-Smith-&-Jordan-Co. 162 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. Citizens'-Coinmittee Committee-on-Ways-and-Means Republican-State-Central-Com Democratic-State-Central-Com. Relief-Corn. Executive-Corn. Inquiry-Department Medical-DepL Treasury-Dept. Post-office-Dept. Democratic-Party Labor-Party Republican-Party \ Temperance-Party Literary-Society Mutual-Aid-Society Temperance-Society Amer.-Tract-Society Home-Mission-Societv Sec. -National-Bank C.-O.-D. acute-angle angle-of-elevation Bessemer-process coffer-dam connecting-rod conpling-bar-bolt-chain cubic-foot-inch abdominal-hernia angina-pectons home- opathy-ic post-mortem-examination be-it-enacted interlocutory-decree judgment- 3 [^ ' < creditor letters-of-administration show-cause subpoena-duces-tecum cum-grano-salis de-facto de-novo. EMB PHRASES. it-may-be-as-\vell-ready you-may-be-nght-wrong may-be-considered-made there-may- HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND '63 be-some which-may-be-likely they-may-be-certain-required we-may-be-able-to jLe*. we-may-be-cousidered-required-governed-greatly-charged-certain-quite-sure may-be-per- . 4 ..<^ Xr fectly-reconciled-referred-true may-have-been-thr.-the he-may-have-been I-may- y have-been she-may-have-been that-may-have-been there-may-have-been such-may- have-been you-tnay-have-been. WORDS IMPLIED BY NEARNESS OF WRITING. day-to-day hour-to-hour time-to-time place-to-place street-to-street house-to-house man-to-man hand-to-hand importance-of-the-subject wealth-of-the-nation hour- 3 -J I 1 \^ V 7 li ^^^L_ ..... ^ ..... ~ M of-the-day day-by-day step-by-step inch-by-inch day-after-day week-after-week hour-after-hour year-after-year generation-after-generation. SIMILAR WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY POSITION AND OUTLINE. 265. In studying this list of words the student will find forms that are represented elsewhere by word-signs or contractions. The contractions should be used, unless the writer has ample speed and prefers fuller outlines. hi. (apparition operation) (portion apportion) (administration demonstration {(administrate 1 64 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. demonstrate) (adopt adapt) (admpjnsh diminish) (diminution dimension adm ?.h ^.....\^^> ...... ...... !i ...... I ..... i... ...J (domination condemnation damnation) (defeat devote deviate) (daughter debtor) ....... ... ....... (auditor-y editor doubter (des ) (desolate-ion dissolute-ion) (denned definite) (petrify putrify) (prohibition probation approbation) (opposite appopite) (copy keep) (collision collusion) (element aliment) (extricate extract) (peaceable possible passage) (prompt " v-^"" "V^c / --/ permit promote) (tempt attempt) (preach approach) (prominent preeminent C\ V rod imi permanent) (prediction protection prod imion predication) (device a&uke/ (except accept expiate) (feeling failing) (competition petition completion) (predict protect V- v A L^.. .1 _ XO> LJS predicate) (business baseness absence) (traction attraction) (prescribe proscribe) U L -^ (diamond demand adamant) (exalt exult) (immoderate moderate) (immaterial material) (eliminate illuminate) (science essence) (theistic atfielstic) (region origin) (fluent affluent) (irritation rotation) (imminent eminent) (immature mature) HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 165 (unavoidable inevitable) (inviolable unavailable) (anonymous unanimous) (immoral moral) (immortal mortal) (indicted indebted undated undoubted) (migration 16 emigration immigration) (effect affeft) (fix affix) (apostle epistle postal) 17 (patient passionate compassionate) (impatient impassioned impasaionate) (proportion- 18' ed-ate| preparation appropriation) (pertain appertain) (prosecute persecute) (beatify 19 beautify) (abandoned abundant) (traitor trader territory) (attainable tenable) V (derision duration adoration) (cost caused coast) (corporal corporeal) (credence accordance) (violation volition) (convulsion valuation) (deviation division de\\tr(jn) ""n (physical fiscal) (spirit separate support) (altipde latitude) (eclipse collapse) (insult insulate) (repression reparation) (unsecured unscrewed) (prosper perspire) (proffer prefer) (train turn-torn) (rational irrational) (legal illegal) (culminate calumniate) (logical illogical) (aspersion aspiration) (funeral funereal) (writer reader orator order) i66 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 26 (indicate-ion induct-ion) (interior anterior) (invasion innovation) (undefined indefinite) cv (notional national) (anomalous nameless) (solitary salutary) (valuabrfe available) V (violent valiant) (ingenious ingenuous) (poor pure puerile) (define defiance defense) (oppressor pursuer peruser) (present personate) (situation station) (excrete execrate excoriate) (extension extenuation) (permission promotion) (resolute irresolute) (mission machine) (missionary machinery) (labored elaborate) (garden guardian) (animal anomaly) (learnt learned) (righteous riotous) (aberration abrasion) (patron pattern) (pledge apology) (person parson) (ruined renewed) (broad bright) (resume reassume) (Persia Prussia) (Mrs. Masses) (breath birth) (steady-study staid) (soft 35^ \\ swift) (sip sweep) (relevant irrelevant). VOCALIZED WORDS. 266. As a general rule foreign words and proper names should be vocalized; ex- ception is made to this when the stenographer is very familiar with the subject-matter he is reporting, or when a word bears such relation to the preceding word that its mean- ing cannot be mistaken, as in the word ultimo, used in reference to date, as 2^th^-~^ ult. Unfamiliar words or names should have at least one vowel inserted, usually the vowel HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. I6 7 that is most suggestive of the word. In law reporting, where proper names occur fre- quently, they may be vocalized the first time, and after that the unvocalized outline will generally be sufficient. The stenographer should insist on obtaining the correct names of witnesses before the examination is proceeded with. :/..A apposition age aid axes army aright aimed afar attack a-priori assay 2 r '"> city comma croquet depute edge echo re-echoed efface effuse effluent *r\ I \- Np X "^ > 'f* '~ '^ --V^y- ..... -- -T^ >r-- elbow depot bouquet bestow baby emission essay else era emit emotion enemy endowed endued formulae fly fro germane Germania glow r\ , i _S Q / _^, immigration insight innutrition-ous inner inefficacious innoxious liar laid monarchy nigh nay obey occupy omission omit ore ruddy rusty ....:L..^.^.^r..|...V----^ ..... * ..... ..... ^- roseate site sulpnite-ide-ate suit snow voracity Illinois idtntical-ly hoe high-toned hereabout Guizo gas-light fiasco espiojaflge escretoire Erie encore employ^ elite ecce-homo eclat deportment crochet consignee ^ . r IT f Columbia cassino calcium buoy boa apropos amidst aild abotftd I ; minutiae obesity oiled omega onus opiate parquet pseudo rationale r68 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. referee repay renaissance retinue reveille salon aid-de-camp sang-froid showiest sinew soiree solo sport statesmen swath swooped tableau taboo " j-.i- . A U^ ............ \ ........ i-t_.-x.^ tete-a-tete theses tout-ensemble tragefienne trio troche ukase ultimo unguent Utah unique valerrcremTes vignette virtuoso via vicissitude Aaron Addison ad-libitum Asia Asiatic sine-die en-route en-suite Abraham Abram Absalom Agrippa Armenia Bethlehem Canaan Ecclesiastes Emanuel Elijah Elisha Ezekiel Ezra Galilee Israel Josephus Joshua Messiah Nebuchadnezzar Nehemiah. 267. The few proper names given above will serve as examples for the student, and show him the difficulty of vocalizing quickly and correctly. A little practice now and then of this kind will show good results. Of course, as before observed, it is not neces- sary to vocalize names fully in reporting, but the student must gain facility in vocalizing or he will never be equal to every emergency that may arise. He may write nine pages of notes and not use a vowel, but the tenth page may be full of them, and forever blast his reputation as a reporter if he fails in stenographing it correctly. Isaac Pitman's "Phonetic Dictionary" contains a long list of proper names, and although his vowel scale varies somewhat from the Benn Pitman scale, still 'it is useful to the student as a book for reference. LESSON XXX. COMMERCIAL PHRASES. (able to adjust-matters) (able to arrange-matters) (according to agreement-his-my-their- r agreement) (according to contract-his-tlieir-your-contract) (according to instructions- ^ < p as-possible-as-long-as-as-well-as-as-much-as) ( just received-returned-saV-so-taken-d^id- S\ ed-came) (kindly advise-us-state-whether) (lake and rail-rate-shipments lake ship- 30 ments) (last ordeV) (later than) (latter part of) (letter press) (let us know-whether) 3' (look about) (make us firm offer) (make arrangements) (maximum charge-cost- weight-price) (memorandum of agreement-contract) (minimum charge-cost-price- weight) (monthly report-pay-roll-statement) (more than-we-cai!-do) (mu*Nis we 34 desire) (much quicker than) (must adjust-matters) (must take intoMxmsideration) HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. (my answer-instructions-reason-letter-order) (net weight-earnings) (next time) (net pro- ceeds-income-premium) (not longer than) (obliged to make) (on account of-their) * \ (on and after that date) (on or before) (on all accounts) (original copy-correspondence- letter) (our 'favor-cornpany-letter-instrucy^ns-order^op^k) erty) (referring to attached-letter-papers-memorandum- 45...^ ^ da.^.ri: correspondence) (referring to way bill) (right of way) (right away) (revised classifica- 46 ^s^**\\ P OT P P/ P J\ ? ^\ U" ... < ^...^.. "'jf' --/- \ - \ tion) (reversionary dividends) (satisfy you-your) (satisfactory proof-of-death) (satfefied HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 173 wjtti your-wify-our-their) (semi-annual premium) (Semi-Tontine Policy) (seems to-be- to-have-been) (seller's option) (Several da$s ago-months-weeks-years) (see his letter-my- Vl. their) (shall be glad-pleased) (shipping clerk-receiptordeirections) (short period- time) (some way-or-other) (some time ago) (special rate-arrangement) (sight draft) . . (spring shipments-trade) (standing vrder) (state of gffairs) (sum and sustance) (subject to y*>f commission) (subject' to immeaiate acceptance) (take advantage of) 53 (survivorship annuity) (surrender value) (surplus over liabilities) (tariff rate) ' -V - -- .- (tariff sheet) (this shipment) (to be ordered-shipped) (Tontin^S&urance) (tnist that V' you -will-can) (understand that-you-their) (uniform rate) (unless you can) (until you can-we-can) (until there is) (dse to be}* (uV-to have) (usually there is-ther>!Jias-been) 5 c (valuable ^o^ideration) (valuetneir) (variety of causes-cases) (various causesf judgment) (according to the evidence) (according to my recollection-your-recollection) (adminis- trators and assigns) (Admiralty Court) (a good many) (alimony penderUe lite) (are you able to state-whetHer-or-not) re you sure) (are you just as certain) (alonfcfSout I 7 6 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. that time) (answer objected to) (as far as) (as fast as) (as long as) (as many as) (as much as) (as a matter of fact-law) (as nearly as I can ' fix it) (as nearly as I can remember) (as soon as) (as quick as) ( o-r 1 or I 4..^...^....^... at what time) (at that time) (at the time) (bankrupt bankruptcy)] (bankrupt estate) (bill of costs-exceptions-exchange-lading- (3) particulars-sale) (being duly sworn) (before you answer that) (to tie^oest of your recollection) (bond and mortgage) (bonds and mortgages) (Board of Trade- Works) (call attention-of-the-court-o-the-jury) (call your Honor's attention) (County Court) (counter claim) (co-respondent) (Court-of Appeals-Common-Pleas-Chancery- Justice-Bankruptcy) (Court of Special Sessions-Quarter-Sessions) (Court of Record) / (Criminal Court) (can you think of anything else) (can you recollect-remember) (can yon state-\vhether\>r-not) flpause of action) (circumstantial evidence) (counsel for defendant-plaintiff-for-the-State) (eestui que trusts) (contributory negligence) (con- HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 177 18 ^\. ^^s. tributory negligence orV the part of the plaintiff-defendant) (cross examination) 4=70 -k- IT - ^ decree nisi) (deed of assignment) (defendant's counsel) (describe to the jury) (1 Sheriff) (do you know the defendant-plaintiff) (do you live-recollect) (do you recognize-remember) (do you mean to say) (did you understand) (did you go there) (did you recognize) (do you know anything about) (documentary evidence) (do you 27 .t recollect-anything about this) (did you have any conversation) (did you ever see him- there) (did you ever have any conversation with him-with-her) (did you see-say) (did 25 3-V4 ou'consider-swear-thi you ever see-say) (do you'consider-swear-think) (do you thinkNw-ali^ttfing else) (do 26 1 1 1 t W ^^ you ever) (do you know whether-or-not) (do you know whether thr.) (debentu) w (rf exception taken) (dismissed with costs) (drawee) (ejectment) 29 (examination in chiefj (ex parte) (equitable estate-interest-relief) (execution creditor) i 7 8 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. (examine tnis,oaper) (exception taken) (evidence allowed and read) (entitled to 3' r) (fault or negligence) (fee simple) (fiduciSry-relaix>n-ship) (fire assurance) (fire insurance) (final specification) (foreclosure) (from your owl^kiiowledge) (gentle- men of the jury) (go on and state-to the-jury) (go on and stateQhe circumstances) (goods and chattels) (Grand Jury) (guilty of negligence-contributory-negligence) J\" 35 ' _^ _ ./^ Q^ (guilt or innocence) (heir at law) (heirs and) assigns) (holder for value) (have you anything further to state-say) (has ttnere not beertj^had he beeVthr.) (how long have 37 you known-him-tier) (how do "youjcnow) (how many years ago) (how long was it) w long ago) (how Iong*tiave you lrVea-tnisre^(how long Wive (how many t^nes) (how 39 r > ^\ ..**) ^sf. V) /s *-'\ "^ ^ you been-tHere) (house and lot) (household) (humanNjein^-life>-^I (I am not able to 40 state-not positive-not certain) (I am of the same opinion) (I cannot think of any- thing else) (I cannot recollect-remember) (I can think of nothing more-else) (I couid HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HANa 179 r not say-swear) (I do not (don't) remember) (I do not (don't) recollect) (I will ask you-. v^U 43V-VJ? ^ f _ ^o tv. to-state-to-the-court-jury) (I will call your attention) (I understood you to say) (I 44 understand you to say) (if the Court please) (if your Honor please) (if you come to 45 S>: SirVo. f the conclusion) (if you arf satisfied) (if you should find) (in this action-court-case) 46 47 (in this indictment-matter) (in arrest of judgment) (incorporated) (in your answer) v. ^P (in bankruptcy) (in fee simple) (in pursuance of) (in possession-satisfaction) (insolvent debtor) (interlocutory-decree) (interpleader) (in the neighborhood) (in which he I/I 49 lives-resides) (Joint Stock Company) (joint tenancy-tenant) (judge's order) (judgment creditor) .(judicial separation) (Justice of the Peace) (just as) (landlord-and-tenant) S> (learned counsel for the deft.-plff.) (legitimacy) (letters of administration) (letters patent) (lookVt that sigW*we) (look at^his) (life assurance-insurance-aijnuity-estate- 53 interest) (limited liability) (liquidated damages) (Local Board) (malicious prosecution) i8o HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. (may it please the Court-ybwf'Honor) (market price-value) (misdemeanor) (mortgage) (mortgagee) (measure of damages) (member of the board) (murder in the first degree- second degree-manslaughter) (negligence) (negligence of the defendant-plaintiff) 57 (negligence on the part of the defendant-plaintiff) (Nisi Prius) (notice of trial) (notice to quit) (no sir) (no sir, I did not) (not to my recollection) (not that I remember.) (objection by counsel for deft-plff.) (objection sustained) (objection overruled-exception v C "N P v v Ax... Ar^> \ r \*> taken) (objected to; overruled-exception taken) (objected to as leading-incompetent and irrelevant) (objected to and waived) (objected to as immaterial) (objactiopby deft's cotmsel^plfTs counsel) (objected to as a question of law) (of your own knowledge- personal knowledge) (offered in evidence) (offers in evidenced (on the part of the 64 deft-plff.) (on the dther side) (order of court) (overt act) (over ancNrbove) (party of the first part-second part) (patent agt -office-specification) (Paymaster General) HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 181 (pendeiitc lile) (personal estate-proper ........ U.... .v; >T. rty) (petitioner) (Petty Jury) (plfTs coowsel- \r testimony-witness) (please state to the jury) (plaintiff cannot recover) (policy holder) 68 (policy of assurance-insurance) (power of attorney) (practitioner) (prima facie} 69 \ (privileged communication) (Probate-Court) (proponent) (prisoner (s) at the bar) 70 ^ <\ (principal evidence) (preponderance of evidence) (proof has been) (promissory note) (prove to your satisfaction) (Quarter Sessions) {quo warrantd) (question of fact-law) (rate of interest) (rebutting evidence-testimony) (re-direct examination) (reasonable doubt) (reasonably worth) (real estate and personal property) (railroad crossing-track- station) (railway track-crossing-station) (reasonable and probable cause) (rents and profits) (reserve fund) (residuary legatee-estate) (respondent) (reversionary interest) (replevin) (replication) (res judicata) (res jesl^ OT f P ~X . 7 .?...V_D. ...................... ... ....... t^ ...... b .......... 4^, ............ A- ^ - is-has-been) (state how many-much) (state to the jury) (state when it was) (state whetheV-or-not-thVre-are\X(statute 6f frauds-limitation) (state of the case) (state your name) (stay of execution) (stock in' trade) (subpoena duces lecuni) (Superior Court-Supreme of-the-State-of the U. S.) (take into consideration) (take it for granted) 83, or. , J^ P P (took it for granted) (tell how long) (tell the jury-truth) (tell us wriether) (tenant for 84 .tjR.k*. K life) (tenant in common) (testimony of the deft-plff.) (testator) 1 (testatrix) (time immemorial) (that the deft.-in-this-case) (that the plff.-in-this-case) (that was) (that it 86 the was) (that there was) (that is all there is of it) (this is an action-brought-by-the-plff.) (their heirs arm assigns) (the first thing-time) (there is evidence-no-evidence) (there may have been) (title deeds) (truth of the case) (to whom was it) (to the best of-(my, his, your, her,)-recollection) (to recover of the deft.) (to your satisfaction) (trade U HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. mark) (treasu^d trove) (under all the Ctfcumstances-of-the-case) (unless you are satisfied) (unless the evidence satisfies you) (upon their oW_testjmony) (U. S. bonds-Circuit ?,..._lnJ_I!\^>z.. ...^sX... X Court-Dist-Court-Supreme-Court-Government) (up stairs) (valuable consideration) (value of it) (value of the land) (validity of the patent) (voluntary association) 94 (venture to say) (verdict for the deft.-plff.) (verdict of the jury) (very well aware) f.... 96 97 (vice versa) (was considered-delivered) (was it likely) (was it not for thcsjmrpose) }-. >t tt*. ' 3\>else) (was thr?lmy"T3rfe-el5e^ricre") (was anything saidK)r-done-therd r 66' D U . n&tmng said) (we are prepared) (we are not ..... v. ..... -... aware) (we are satisfied-that) (what answer did he) (what wis done-saW-and-done) vj (what else was said-or-done-here) (what else was there) (what was the first thing-said) (what is it worth) (what time was it) (what were (you) doing-there) (what would be) .. - (what would you-consider) (whatever understanding) (when it is borne in mind) I8 4 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. (when we take imo consideration-you-take) (what did you do) (what do you mean) (where do you live) (where do you reside) (where do you say you live) 104 (where did you say you lived) (where did you go-see-him) (where were you) (whereas it is) (what is your best judgment-recollection) (what is your business- occupation-profession) (where is your pRre^>f business) (what made you) (what is I0 7. ? a your general recollection) (who were you-are you) (will you be kind~enough) (will T08 you examine this paper-lc&SX^at this paper) (will you swear-to that) (will you swear !??_. positively) (will you state whether or not) (will you tell the jury) (will you under- take to say-swear) (would not be certain) (would not say-swear) (would not 4wear positively) (you will swear-positively) (writ of error) (yes, sir) (yes or no) (yes, sir ; I am) (yes, sir; I do-I-think-it-is-Mhink-so) (yes, sir;-it-is-there-is-there-may-be) (you are certain-sworn) (you can state) (you could not say) (you do not know whether HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 185 or not) (you have told us) (you mean to say) (you were present) (your verdict-must- be-for-the-dlfendant-pla%tiff) (you need not tell.) LEGISLATIVE PHRASES,. (U. S. SENATE.) 345. By permission of Mr. D. F. Murphy, Official Stenographer of the .U. S. Sen-^ ate, I am enabled to publish the following list of phrases, taken from his private note book. It is probably the largest and most complete list of the kind ever published in this country, embodying as it does the result of years of experience in Congressional re- porting. The secret of rapid short-hand writing is thorough familiarity with the most frequently recurring words and phrases in the language, which can only -be acquired by constant practice of the proper kind. Such practice this list is intended to provide. It will be found invaluable to the 'short-hand writer who contemplates engaging in legisla- tive reporting, and to the type-writer operator whose work may lie in the same direction. Mr. Murphy says, " / am opposed to phrasing except where the forms of the words naturally combine and the connection is obvious.' 1 '' From Humphrey's Manual of Type- Writing, page 15. 346. Apropos of the above, this list is of double advantage to the student, in that it shows to what extent phrasing may safely be carried. Perhaps no question has excited more discussion among stenographers than that of proper phrasing. The professional legislative and law reporter is probably a better judge of the extent to which it can be indulged in than any other class of short-hand writers; their occupation brings them face to face with an unusual variety of subjects, and puts to a most exhaustive test their ability as verbatim note takers. Under such a condition of things their short-hand must necessarily be equal to any emergency that may arise, and eyen these gentlemen are greatly influenced in their style of writing by the natural speed that they possess, or lack of natural speed ; and some veritable short-hand cranks frown at the mere suggestion of connecting two words together. However, setting aside the peculiarities of the peculiar men in the profession, the consensus of opinion among the most skillful and progressive short-hand writers is as Mr. Murphy has expressed above. There is no doubt but that the judicious use of phrasing is of vast assistance in reaching a high degree of speed, and correspondingly increases the legibility of the writing. No iron'clad rule can be formulated ; each practitioner must exercise his best judgment. The amanuensis in the laboratory of a manufacturing chemist would not find the phrases used by the law stenog- rapher particularly applicable to his business, and vice versa ; neither could use in his chosen field of labor the phrase peculiar to the other. The list of phrases here given is more general in its application than any other possibly, could be, and provides the very best material for practice that could be placed before the student, even though he may never engage in legislative reporting. By repeatedly writing it he will acquire manual dexterity in wielding the pen, and will lay a foundation on which to construct phrases suitable to whatever field of reporting he may elect to engage in. 347. Mi. Murphy learned phonography when the art was in its infancy, and uses many forms that the rising generation of short-hand writers are not taught to use; but neither the professional stenographer, nor the student, can fail to observe the remarkable freedom of his outlines, which admit of rapidly executed and graceful forms, though many of them may seem to the short-hand writer of to-day unnecessarily long, in view of the more modern application of principles that tend to shorten, but in no wise impair the legibility of the phraseograph. That those who are curious to know how the chief HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. I8 7 of the U. S. Senate corps of reporters transfers to his note-book the kaleidoscopic pro- ceedings of our national legislative body, we have here given, first in order, the short- hand forms that he employs; while those following the marks of equality are the same forms arranged according to the latest method of the Pitmanic style of writing. A PHRASES. (able to make)- (able to realize) (ad valorem) (kcT^of Congress) (against it) (alien enemy) (all over the country) (all over the land) (all over this country) (alternate sections) (all that ha**been done) (all that has been said) (American citizen) (anywhere else) (all that my friend) (appropriation bills) (Army of the U. S.) (as fast as) (as a matter of course) (as long as) (as a matter of necessity) (as shall be) (at all events) (at length) (at all times) (at some other time) (at stfcTT^time) I* >. (attorney at law) (at the last session) (at the next session) (at the presVftt session) (at t&Hpresent *y) (at the request of) (as shall be made) ,(all such propositions) (Attorney Gen/SHhe U. S.) (at once) B PHRASJES. (-iTen>cted) (ballot box) (banking families) (better calculated) (Be it resolved) (better informed) (bill for the relief of) (better Jfeigment) (bounty land warrant) iS8 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. (British government) (Buenos Ayres) (but yon would not) (by reason of) (by said resolution) (bankrupt law) (bankrupt act). C PHRASES. be raised) (can be reported) (cannot get) (Central Pacific R. R.) IP (Circuit Court of the U. S.) (Citizens of the U. S.) (chiefWrk) "Chief ustice) :/. (civilized world) (civil expenses) (Cnief Magistrate) (civil power) (Civil Service Reform) (colored race) (commanding officer) (common sense) ....yr. _ (constitutional amendment) (contested election) (could not get) (Court of _. T) Claims) (children's children) (cestotl que trusts). D PHRASES. (deficiency \J>propnation bill) (Democratic party) (deputv/ e marshals) (did yon make) (direct tax) (disbursing a^ts) (disbursing clerks) ^XQ^J? /' .---*, (disbursing officel^/ (disloyal persons) (di^iuguished chairman) (does not HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. .89 come) (does not exist) (does not taUeplace)- (do you remember). E PHRASES. "- .A/^.\....^.. = ..<7_ L*^/ ZX*^ "* J ' ^ (El Paso)' (engiR^Ej department) (entering wedge) (every one) (extra member) (extra session) (every part) F PHRASES. (fair pfe^) (fellow citizenSy (foreign minister) (Federal authorities) (Federal constitution) (Federal govennnent) (Federal officers) (final adjournment) (final passage) (final vote) (for a long time) (for example) (for a moment) (for ..r ....... instance) (for the support of) (for my own part) (for whom) (rejr/otHfiC ptvrooses) ND (Freedmen's Bureau) (for th^fijst time) (for that reason) (for their services) Vj\ . = . . . SjV. . . \ - S^ S^y -StX^SrS-- ./\^. \2.^\ A x^/N. \ \ (for tlie rA^seVy, purpose^for purpose^of ) (for the purpos^ of) (for the relief of) ' f-- - (for the ine purpose) N> c(for the simple reason) (free exercise) (free institutions) (from time to time) (for thVvje>vpurpose\(for long years) (for a very good reason). HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. G PHRASES. 190 (good reason) (go through) (grand jury) (great number) (government officials) (government officers) (Government of the U. S.) (Great Salt Lake) (Gulf of Mexico) (gold and silver) (grant of land). H PHRASES. (Habeas Corpus) (has not yet been) (have been taken) (have not examined) (Heavenly Father) (hereinbefore referred) (how is it) (how little) (how long before) (Hudson's Bay) (human nature) (House of Representatives) (how -m)uch fcbever) (has not only) (Her Majesty's Government) (hundreds of thousands). I PHRASES. (I am disposed) (I am inclined to think) (I am in favor) (I am informed) (I am not aware) (I am not going) (I am not in favor) (I am not informed) (I am opposed) (I am right) (I believe) (I am unwilling) (I am very happy) HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. (I am very sorry) (I am very well aware) (I am willing) (I am wrong) (I ask that) (I am decidedly) (I cannot say) (I beg pardon) (I cannot speak) (I cannot understand it) (I do not choose) (I do not deny) (I do no\ desire) (I do not insist) .(I do not know) (I do not wish) (if it was) (if possible) (if that4s not done) (if th^iy are) (I feel) ^l have also) "(I have already alluded) (I have d) (I \ already referred) (I Iftve already said) (I have always been) (in such a position) (I have always opposed) (1 have a resolution) (I have beenSible to) (I have be? making) (I have w^n obliged) (I have fCeen top) (I have just read) 12 v V V (I Have just referred) (I hav?-fistened) (I have marked) (I have-no desire) (I have n^disposition) (I have no fault) (I have spoken) (I have suggested) (1 have the honor to be) (I have the honor' transmit) (I hope that will be done- !? _..x L ^j will not bedhne) (it is imjust) (I know nothing about) (I may^e mistaken) J 192 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. (I may be permitted) (I may be wrong) (I may have seen) (I might mention) 17 (I move that) (in all its bearings) (in all other respects) (in all probability) (in any court of the U. S.) (in any debate) (in any degree) (in any event) (in any state) (in any other capacity) (in any other country) (in any other manner) (in any other way) (in any other state) 2T | =. x> (it is not^yet before) (in any slate of the U. S.) (in conformity) (Indian ajfairs) (in reference to this) (in every case) (in regard to that matter) (in every part of the country) (in every respect) (in favor) (in relation to) (in so many words) (in substance) (in such a way) (in his annual message) (in his depart 25 ment) (in his own capacity) (in his speech) (in such shape) (Internal Revenue) (in such manner as shall re-provided) (in such manner as to restore) (in its nature) 27 (in- its application) (RrteAal ta^-fJn its own way) (in its tentts) (in that matter) HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 28 (in that respect) (in thab^hape) (in that way) (in my speech) (in order to have) 29 (in point of fact) (in point of time) (in the course of my) (in' the imrse of tins debate) (in the country) (in their report) (in addition to this) (in the name of) (in this chamber) (in the year) (in this ctebate) (in this hBtance) (in this shape) (in this way) (into the country) (into tlrSjifffon) (I presume) (I shall be excused) 33 (I shall not believe) (I shall not occupy) (I shall not pass) (I shall occupy) (I shall 34 refer) ^ (to offer an amemfirlent) (to thecontrary) (to such au extent) (to the conclusion) tolwi (to the exclusion) (to'wit) (trial by jury) (they do (jpt desire) (to takethe pla< (to t^jat extent) (that is all) (turned over) (there is) (that it is claimed) 12 (they cannot) (that is this case) (Trans-Atlantic) (Transcontinental) (trans-shipment).^C_ U PHRASES. (under said act) (under ^uch regulations) (under such rules) (under thJntmendment) J" (under this arrangement) (under thjose circumstances) (under which) (Upper Mississippi). 202 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. V PHRASE3. (very clear) (very long speech) (velcy-s^ort time) (vested rights) (veto iness&e) (vice versa) (very long discussion) (very well) (very small), W PHRASES. (Ways and Means) (we are) (we are authorized) (we are going) (we 2 ^ L i V-tr satisfied) (we do not undertake) (we have' been told) (we have reached) (we have received) (we shall be'a'bTeto-make) (we shall do) (we shalnot investigate) (we will) (we will not) (we will have) (what do you mean) (whatever may be) (what extent) (what I am) (what I desire) (what I wish to) (what I find) (what kind) (what I have no doubt) (what I have said) (what I mean) (what I said) (what is called) f.J 1^.. J^... b U~a>.... (what is it) (what ought tp be done) (what shall be) (what it is) (what it means) (what it was) (what I understood) (what was necessary) (what would be said) (vAat would be the result) (what woula have been) (which are alleged) (wHich are HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 203 necessary) (which cannot be) wfeieh hachbeen) (which has been recently) (which has been read) (which has been referred) (which has just been) (whicFTnavetf honor in part) (which have tak^n place) (which is already) (which shall abridge) (which shall be sufficient) (which will involve) (\^hjc,h will lead) (which will'stnke) 14 (which can exercise) (which would make) (which would result) (who shall) (who shafrTnvestigate) (who shall be elected) (who should not be) (who would know) (why is it) (will be pursued) (will be retained) (will be Igatisfied) (will notSc/embarrassed) (will nj>t be stricken) (we are sure) (which would reduce) (would n6t be-do-say) (will not Betaken) (will not get) (wire pullers) (without amendment) (within which) (would accept) (would not be responsible) (would not be respectable) (which shall be^MJUtrf) (which \haL]be submi (who will follow) (well authenticated) (we will make) (we will not do) (we are bound). 204 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 273. The following explanation will make clear the peculiarities of Mr. Murphy's short-hand : Use no stroke for A, a>, or y. "^ ^ * f diancellor. Yw, as aver, ..A., every., f. &r,as..l_. smaller, _^^/?. ;d*Ji initial hook on a curve indicates /, assr ^ only&^__ relation. oug At,.L . . already. Use no tick for ana\ the, he. Use no hook foi w. A small EXPEDIENTS AND SPECIAL FORMS. 274. It is to be regretted that a standard system of phonography, embodying all that there is good in short-hand, cannot be uniformly adopted; but this seems to be an ideal that may be longed for but never realized There are few stenographers who do not make use of special forms and phrases of their own devising, and if they have not the ingenuity to invent for themselves, they will adopt the inventions of their more gifted brethren. It is not our business at the present time to elaborate new theories, but to present practical short-hand as we find it in general use, whether it violates rules or sustains them; it matters not so long as it is practical. What we do give is given on the best of authority practical and successful use by the most experienced practitioners of the art. The forms and expedients in this chapter can be used by writers of Bemi Pitman Phonography; and by the writer of any modification of the system who is thoroughly versed in the principles of short-hand writing; but the purely mechanical stenographer had better stick closely to his text-book, and not play with two-edged tools. 275. The use of the initial jy-hook for you or your is advocated by some of our best writers on short-hand. Its value to the law stenographer will be apparent in the following illustrations. Such phrases as do-yon, did-yon, can-you, have-you, etc., occur very frequently, and it would be a great saving of time and labor on the part of the stenographer to have easy forms for their representation. In the report of a short trial of about ten thousand words the question ao-yon occurred thirty times; did-you twenty- seven times; can-yon eighteen times, and hafc-yon eleven times. All of these questions 1 V 1 admitted of easy phrasing by use of the yay-\\GQ\e.: * rf<)-yoit; do-you-rccollecl\ ^ e did-you or your ;-^can-you-your \ - if-you-your;-^^^havc-you-your. Writers of the Munson system make a distinction between ever and have by writing the^-stem forever and the /-hook for have ; as, ^-do-you-evcr ; v-do-yon-have, but as ever is an adverb of time, and have a verb, there is not much danger of their coming in conflict, and can be used inversely with safety. It is better to make a full-length form for did-yoti, than o, a a^ to abbreviate it ; as did-yott-liave : ^id-you-cver-have ; &did-you-have- any-conversatuni ; ^ ^did-you-ever-haive-any-conversalion ; jdid-you-ever-see- )u-have-any-objeclions ; " ^ do-you-ever-go-there\-*^dtd-you-not- A ,n liad-yon-nol ; Q had-you-ever-been-therc ; j-zt/Aa/-^'.^-^//-^ ; I-J y2 have-yoii-knoivn-him ; have-you-seen-hi>n. T can-you-slate ; ^can-you-remember ; (X ; ^by-your-nerdict ; -can-you-think-of-anything-else ; yes-sir, he-was standing ivas-he standing by-your-hoiise at-the-time ;- by-our-house ; t- V= ^ did-you-say-that you-did-not-have any- confer sat ion with-him. S is sometimes used for say. -\vhich-yon-can. The large initial hook, on lay may be used for you ; as, '^ y will-yoii-please-stale ; ^ ^ will-you-state ; -z^z'//-jo-;w/;-^-^=^^^ will-you-be-kind-enough; ^ are-you-in-thc- '/, and on ray and r ; as, you-e de/endant\ -are-you-goitig ;- <^\_^ ngaged\ 7 - are~you-lhe-plaintiff-in-this-aciion ; I are-ymi-the- 're-you-acqiMinted. The final hook on the under side of straight steins, used by Pitman for tion, may be used to better advantage for lir\ as, ' J>-go- their ;' ** -^ make-their ; ^J up-ihere ; I at-their ; ^ can-there-be ; -give-their~names ;^ ' _j take-their ; are-there-many \ change-their. The /z'0H-hook can be written on the upward side of stems in all cases where it is now used on the under side. Ray may be written downward in the by-the-pleadings ; HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 20 7 -^-by- ente-0- -negligence ; r^r-by-negligence-on-the-parl-of-the-defendanl ; a^6y-netige ' \t ~^ U x quently recurring phrases as it is possible to devise. In this connection it may be well to state that it is not advisable to have the same word represented by a plurality of signs, but time seems to be an exception to the rule, m being used in phrase to keep the out- line from extending too far below the line of writing. 276. The phrase I-wM-ask-you is variously written, /- will-ask-yon. The latter form will be found brief and legible. The forms /- am-asking-youi and ^-f-ask-you are also in general use. Inasmuch as contractions have to be memorized many of them might be curtailed somewhat more, or sufficiently to obtain all of the advantages of brevity, therefore in speech reporting we have found \S /\ ^l ray-p intersected -^- better than f \for Republican- Party; -^-Democratic-Party; Whig-Party; ^\Greenback-Party t etc. The phrases I-cannot-ieU^ -I-could-nol-tell are more expeditiously written than with full outlines, and are just 2o8 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. as legible. The word house, occurring frequently in certain kinds of testimony, may be easily and conveniently expressed by the full-length stem s or by the zw-circle; as,-** I ^-P ^>> \ your-house ; I \ ot-his-hcruse ; - in-his-honse ; - ^from-his-house ; -^ bolh-houses ; ^ " y-hmse; - ^-in-the-honse. The /-tick, which is explained VS on page 65, may be used occasionally to express /'/; as,-' let-it \ - find-it. The j/M / ^ loop is used in the solemn style fork - thou-hast; - why-hast; and in testimony for stale \ as, ^-state-whether-{or)-not ; -^- state-if-ihere-is ; -- state-(hou'}- \ as, ^^- /* many ; > " =* stale-yottr-name ; ^^ state-where ; ^ State-ivhether4pr)-not ; ^^-slatc-ivhether-there-are ; did-yon-stale. The i//> loop is also used in a variety of phrases; as, because-lhey-are; because- there-is ; of-course-they-are ; of-course-there-is ; since-lhere-is ; as-long-as-there-is ;-f stockholder ; ^,<^ stakeholder. Their is also expressed ^~f ' f I by the MtV-tick; as, since-their ; because-their. In special cases the 5//r . loop is used to express 5/or^ ; as, ^ in-your-store\ in-our-store\ dry-good*' e \ ^^ > drug-store, and foT^-itp-stairs ; -ft downstairs. It also forms a con- i/on , , __ venient sign for is-their ; ^ has-their ; ^ as-there-is. The principle of reading the /a/ hook before the lengthening principle is explained on page 77. (from~)- /tr\ beginning-(td)-end\ ' ' ' u;ill-{you)-swear, are excellent forms. Some report- ers write ^ for (that}-is-more-lhan-(I-can)-say ; ^go-ipn-andystate^to-the^-jury ; ^^ hmv-long-(have-you-beeiiyafquainled-tfwitKyhim, or ^^ ^, ; ^^^P never-inind-(it'hal)-he-said is used by some writers. The forms j^ you-need-nol-lell\ ^-> i C^ ^ ( ^ 2 give-us-your-opinion are good for general use. -J deft.-objects \ I g>vo dfft.-excepts ;-^ plainti f -objects, and >e pkiintif-excepts are additional forms those already given under Law Phrases; also V parly-of-lhe-first-part\ HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 209 \ ' \ -party-of-the-second-part. A^ A s-soon-as-possible is as legible an out- line as the full-length fonn. V-thr. is used for Itved-their^j how-long-(have-you)- Iwed-there. One of the peculiarities of the Graham system is the method of expressing we-would; you-would, etc., by enlarging weA, wuh,yeh,yuh, to double their usual size; thus, you-would or you-were ; we-would or we-were ; with-you ;-^-were-we or were-you ; what-were, wkat-would, wkat-we ; ^would-you ; you-would-not, G U you-were-nol ; were-you-not ; we-would-not t we-were-nol ; ye-were, ye* would; ye-were-nol, ye-would-not. We prefer to use the hook on these signs for not, rather than for of or have, as Mr. Graham does. The following phrases will illustrate the convenience of these signs. They can be used by Pitman writers with decided advantage. Careless writers may find them objectionable, but careful writers will not: 1 X f\~ C *) Q. Were-you present at-(the)-time? A.. Yes,-sir; we-were all-there together. Q. C v Who-were with-you at that-time? A. We-were alone. Q. What-were-(you)-doing- there? A. We-were-not doing anything. Q. What-would-(you>consider a fair' price G . ..... .u ..... i. forVhis house-and-lot? A. I-am-not prepared to-say ; we-would-not take ten-th|usand- b .5 ....... W .................. q) ............ < ......... . .................. dollars for-it. Q. Would-you'-consider-it worth twelve-thousand? A. Yes,-sir. Q. 6 ^ ......... ^ ..... ^ ..... v, ...... D ............. ^?. ........ ,0.,.. You-would-not accept that amount for-it, would-you? A. No,-sir. Q You-would jv ............. f ....... v ........ ) ..... x ........ !v ............... a... have^talen less-th\n-that before-this-road was projected through-there, would-you-not? HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ?.. .?s^l._5L o ^L.*r...( s. A. No,-sir, we-would-not Q. You-were anxious to-sell, then, were-you-not? A. We-were asked if we-were in-the market and-I said-that we-would sell out at-any-time if-we got our- price. Q. Were-yqu-acquainted with-old Mr. Silsby in-his-life-time ? .'.! ) c A. I-was. Q. Were-you in-his-house upon-the occasion referred to? A. I-was. Q. You drew-the plans of-this-house, did-you-not? A. Yes,-sir.-(I)-did. Q. Tell-us L ^ I"' -b- what-you-said, or-what conversation you-had with-him when-you called at-bis-house ./...I. the last-time ? A. I-caruiot-tell just what-vve-said the exact language used. P 277. The large initial &'-hook is used by some writers to express we; as, I * can-we, etc. Never having used it we cannot speak from experience as to its ' value. The word did may be added to the adverbs when, where and why, and to the pro- nouns she, he, and they, by halving ; as,- ) ivhere-did-you-seeMm ;- wlten-did-you-next-call-there ;-* whyrdid-you ; she-did, did-she ; -he-did make-us an offer they-did. A careful stenographer, writing a fine neat hand, can use phrases of this kind to good advantage; but if he prefer a larger and freer style of writing, such phrases can be written' 4 wkere-did-you-see- <^_^/"| him ; ^ & when-did-you-next, etc. When the principle of halving a stem to add |_ ^ is used, such forms as- take-it \-^^=-make-it, etc., are objectionable; still they HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 211 are used by competent reporters. When the principle is applied to other forms, and to word-signs that cannot conveniently be phrased, the two words should be written as ( ) ~) ^ closely together as possible; thus, lthat-it-was\ twhen-it-was\ '-I-think-il-was- V) . ^ tif-il-was; jyou-say-tt-u'as. The phrase lhat-it-was is sometimes written with a wave-like sign, resembling an s; thus, ; it should be made small so as not to be mistaken for \that-was. when-it-is-neccssary, and when-it-ii- known, are conveniently phrased. 278. It frequently happens that some very good phrases, so far as speed is con. cerned, are objectionable; not because they conflict, but because they resemble other forms so closely that in order not to make mistakes the writer must scrutinize them very closely, and often appeal to the context for aid; this is annoying to one who wishes to read his notes quickly and without hesitation, therefore the freer outlines are to be pre- ferred unless one is specially gifted in reading notes. Very brief forms and phrases are not so objectionable where a reporter confines himself exclusively to taking testimony, or law reporting, as set phrases occur so frequently that they become as familiar to the eye as a page of ordinary print. Many skillful law stenographers cannot be induced to take notes of anything outside of their special line of work ; not because they do not feel competent, but because they are specialists, and do not care to impose extra labor on themselves by undertaking reporting in an unfamiliar field. 279. There is another class of signs to which we wish to call attention; namely, the tick word-signs. Some writers use them without difficulty ; while others find them stumbling blocks in their way, and if they see a beginner practicing them, will shake their heads ominously as though he were on the broad road to a short-hand perdition. , v Among the best of these signs are the following: or-not, bnt-not\ all-of or all- N S t have\ ~* and-o/\ of-oitr \ -^to-otir ; of-all ; * to-all \ *-who-iuere ; ought- to-have ; ivho-have ; ** ivho-ivill ; ^ tivo-of-three. We have always been in the habit of writing of-lhe instead of implying it by nearness of writing, using for that purpose the above curve, made somewhat smaller than the half-length of-it. These signs can be omitted in phrases, and so may any other words that the context will sup- ply ; aSi ^\ value-of-the-property ; *iinportance-of-lhe-subject ; ' day-of- the-week ; ^ statement-of-tlie-case ; words-of-my-text. 280. It is not expected that the beginner will make use of all of these phrases or expedients, but the day may come when he will find some of them very useful, or they will at least give the cue for the formation of others suitable to his purpose. LESSON XXXVIII. COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE. NEW-YORK, January 12, 1892. D. WHITING, ESQ., I Detroit, JVfich. Dear Sir : Your-favor of-the gth inst. duly-received, and contents-noted. I_n-reply we-quote 2O-ft. T-iron-rails, first quality, at 3-cts. per-ft. t 8, f.-o.-b.-cars Wheeling, West-Va. Terms,-cash. The present rate-of-freight to Detroit, all-rail, is 17 ct?.; rail-and-lake, 12 cts. We-could-probably furnish-you the iron in-about '"f"^" "Y "K"" ten-Says from-tms-time. We-have-no-seconds for-sale at-preseBt. C*^ / ~ s ^Y ^vi * \ ^~- O Wire-us immediately on-receipt-of-this if-you-wish the order filled. M Yours, respectfully, J. H. NELSON. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. NO. 2. 213 . STEUBEffVlLLE, O., June 20, 18 .... r\ r^ .... ... ........ ............ ------ . __________ ..... __________ . _____ .. MESSRS. WHEELER & WILSON, Fourth St., Philadelphia, PaS- Gentlemen, In-reply-to-your-letter of-the i6th, I-beg .. v . ) to-sa to-say that-I-am satisfied with-the list of prices sent, and also with-the terms of payment (l) mentioned by-you. Please forward, as-soon-as-possible, the articles detailed in-the enclosed list; and-if, as I-doubt not, the goods come up to-my expectations, I hope-to* have the pleasure of extending ray relations with-your house. Our-friend, Mr.-Smith, ........... f ..... A ...... OL.../: ..... ^.JwLfuJi ...... .^...--,. whom I-have already mentioned, will cheerfully afford you every information you-may desire to-have respecting me; and, should-you require additional references, I-can for- ward-you the names of two-or-three Philadelphia houses where my-account has-been for-some years. I will duly notify you upon receipt-of-the goods, and you-may open for-some years. 214 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ' ' V ^ L ...... .. ..>... r then draw upon me for-the amount, at three-months, agreeable to-your terms. ...................................... f Yours.-truly, ? '/u ^ / GEORGE H. FRANCIS. 281. (i) See Special Forms, page 205. (2) See Special Forms, page 205, use of s for house. In this case it would not be safe to use it, as the phrase could be translated with-your-self or with-your-house; either would make sense. No. .3. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., June 22, 18 ^ GEORGE H. FRANCIS, ESQ., ........ ^C. .................. . Steu^enville, O. Dear Sir, We herewith enclose invoice of-the articles ...W. ..^....Ss, ...... ^. ..... 1.. > * ordered by-youV-favor-of-the-2oth-inst. The goods have-been forwarded to-your address, c\ / _ P^-^I /- ^ - ....V^....fc ........... =^..57777:...^ ...... 7^^. ...... J.t. ............. rr9 ....... per-rail, this-day. The greatest care has-been exercised in-the selection of^the-goods, and "...1 I-trust that-you-will-be-pleased with-them in-every-respect. The terms in-which Mr. Smith has spoken of-you are perfectly satisfactory, and-we need no-further references. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 215 Thanking-you for-the confidence which-you-have placed in-us, and assunng-ypju, that-we.. \i^-tw s:^-. shallX5?Biost happy to-received continuance of-your-favors, we-remain, Yours faithfully, WHEELER & WILSON. No. 4. *^f I NEW YORK. Feb. 27/18. MR. B. W. LAW, ^ Havana, Cuba. C - - -V f vx. I V\. Dear Sir, I-have received no aoVfee from-you since writing *f to-you on-the 25th-inst. BARK ANTONIA SALA. She arrived at PerthXn>oy Wednesday, i p. M. Began loading-the same day. Finished her coal on Thursday at 4 P. M. She-has-been 111.... detained two-Says on-account of-the violent storm of rain and-wind. The Standard-Oil Co., for-some-reason, is short of crude petroleum, and-could-not-pack oil for-us, es agreed. r 2l6 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. We-have, therefore, decided to^ip no-case-of-oil_in-this-vessel nothing but-the tank > s ""^ ~ ^ \ N.P /I ., y -- **' - w -' H fep - oil. We-have-engaged all-the lumber that-she needs, under and on deck, at $3.50, gold. I-think-it-is for Santa Maria. I-hope that-my action in-this-respect will-not-be of serious inconvenience to you. \S ^> ,^ e I - Y^: ...... -* ...... i Jq BARK DORIS ECKOFF. Arrived the 25th inst., and begins discharging to-Aay. _o .._... I-have-engaged with Mr. Boom to-^ip 8,000 cases of crude petroleum on-this/vessel for-you. He-has engaged-the balance of-her cargo white-pine, under and on deck, at ?) ( J ' N / *- u - t -\ L $3.50, so I-think-that she ought ^o-go to-Sea by-the 8th or loth of March, perhaps sooner. , . i S. S. CACOUNA. I-have-decided under-the-circumstances, to-sfitp-you of petroleum in-this-ves^el; it-will-be placed on-board to-aay We-are clearing her for ^^ Havana via Baltimore. She will-probably sail to-night or to-morrow-morning, and "V "V" '"J" ~V ought-to-be in-your-port about-the loth inst Perhaps I ought tovship 1,000 instead-of 500, cor.sidering-your shortage, and-the delay caused by-oil sailing-vessels. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 817 ^j. BARK HAVANA. I-see-by-the Herald, of-the 25th inst.. that-she sailed from Cardenas on-the igth. I-have-received no-cable from-you of-her sailing, but presume this-notice is correct. Relative to her outward cargo, it-will-pVobably consist of 8,000 ^ ------ ^- -.-... ^^S cases; the balance will-be white-pine. ^ Yours, ve/y truly, J. D. MARSDEN. No. 5. \ \?.. ../... 71 /.4 PITTSBURG, Pa., Jan. 12, 18 : . . . . ....- ..............--.....- .-- MESSRS. KAYLOR &-Co., <; Exchange-Place, New York. Gentlemen,^. Thomas H. Safford, Foreign Fht. Agt B. & O. R. R-, acknowledging our-favbr of-the jist ult, in-which we enclosed power- 2X8 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. CTX __ \ ................ *? ^ ....... OrrrP ....... J _____ "^ _____ ^N^? ............ X ..... S^f ..... of-attorfley and owner's-oath you-gave-us, advises us as-follows: "From-the manner in- which-the power-of-aubrney is phrased, it-only enables me to enter and-forward goods *3 in-bond in-the-name of Messrs. 'Naylor &-Co., consequently it-is of no service to-me; but should your-friends wish-me to enter and pay duty on future cargoes, according-to- ......... ..... . r -message of-the 5th inst, to Mr. -Smith, our Gen'l Fht. Agt, please ask^hem to ox s - 5 ' -<~f \. ..^ ^.,.s,. furnish me with-general powe'r-of attorney. On-Wednesday last (4th inst.), to avoid delay, we entered-the bark Northern Light in-the-name of-the R.-R.-Co., giving bond to produce owner's-oath. We-received owner's-oath the following day from Naylor &-Co., ra \ ./ ..... ^X ..... > ............. which canceled the bond. .N L ;.. Please instruct-us what reply to-make to Mr. Safford. Respectfully, H. P. BOPK&-CO. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. NO. 6. 219 CHICAGO, 111., Jan. 1 2, 18 . . . . MESSRS. BROWN BROTHERS &-Co., (j ^-f Wall-St, New York. * "T" Gentlemen, Your-favor of-the 22nd insL is-at-hand. Enclosed herewith we return applications and guarantee, duly executed by ourselves and-the First-National-Bank, covering your-credit 68455, tor ^"5,400 sterling, favor .v Saunders Bros,, London. We also enclose formal-request to-cable-credit in-above matter. - -k^ A^ -~^ Trusting everything will-be-found in-order, we-remain, Very truly yours, < 3 inclosures.) ^^ C. MURDOCK &-CO. No ' HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. No. 7. Pa., July 17, 18 MR. W. F. SLOAN, .^. Supt. Honey-Brook Mining Co., Honey-Brook, Pa. Dear-Sir, We acknowledge-receipi of-your-favor of-the i4th. V*r "V We-have-just-received-a telegram from Bonnell-&-Co., stating that-the car of powder has -V gone forward, and-we presume you-can-look for-it about-the 27th or 28th of-this-month. We herewith enclose order, No. 505, for-ten cars of coal, to-be shipped Feb. 8th. We note what-you-say about Sharp opening-the mine on-the Montgomery property ; we-do not-think that-there;is_over ten-tons of coal on-this tract that-will amount to-anything. We-think that-he-has figured on some of-the coal that-is on-the Parker tract. Since- !r^* 5 J . . - / V^ s ^ * r 1 r. \" you-have-said that-it contains a large per-cent of sulphur, we-do-mot-feel like taking hold HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 221 * ........ ........... *.....^.... ...... i ,....... of-it We-do-not-think that-the 3-ft vein of coal on-the Dupont & Bemis property is-the . i Bear ihis-in mind, and send-the coal forward, unless we countermand the order in-the- \ meantime. We observe that-you-have-a good supply of tide-water-cars. Just at-the- V time the outlook is-not at-all encouraging for tide-water business. We-have- r' amplaint in-reference to-the Miner's oil that-we sent-you, and-have called-upon-the 222 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. people who supplied-us and-they say that-the oil has-no coal-oil in-it at-all. We-do-not- see how it-is possible for-the Standard-Co, to-sell a lard-oil that-will give better satisfac- tion at-the-pnce they-claim ; but if-they can, we-do-not propose to purchase from-them, as-it-would simply be Tielping-the Glenolden people, for-there-is-no question but-that ibis-company is run principally in-their-interest. It-would- not-be good judgment, or $ policy, to-give them-the whip with-which to whip-us, which we-would-be doing if-we allowed them to furnish-us with oil. If-possibfe, obtain a small bottle of-it and we-will- If.... :........ -S^.^TTf. I ".... j?T^. have-it tested and see if-there-is any difference in-the quality. We-are using-the same kind-of oil at-our Lead-mines that-I sent-you ; it gives good satisfaction there, and they- have-not-the draft nor-the facilities for air that-you-have at-the-Honey-Brook colliery. I ^presume-the question of-theil_smoking was raised by some-one interested in keeping-us v> ^ ^.. -V- from-selling it to-the miners. If-our-men do-not rent our houses, and use our oil and powder, we-snall-have to-get men that-will. Considering-the condition of trade, we-are HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 223 .-> ^ / X- ^...jL-..d.:>.. : < compelled to-get all of-the advantages possible. Messrs. Austin &-Co. write-us that '..).. .*-... .A.. O> they-are sending-you the F F F powder. We presume this-is what-you wanted. NOTE. It has been deemed advisable to put the remainder of the letters in solid short-hand, rather than in the interlinear form. This will be of decided advantage to the student, who, by this time is supposed to be independent of interlinear forms, as it will give him double the number of letters for practice, the space that otherwise would bj required for the translation being filled with additional short-hand matter. The translation of these letters will be found in HDMPHREV'S MANUAL OP TYPE-WRITING, BCSINESS LETTER WRITER, AND EXERCISES FOR PHONOGRAPHIC PRACTICE. All letters, or other matter, the Key to which is in the Manual, will be marked thus: (Manual of Type-Writing, No. - ) Each of these letters should be copied fifteen or twenty times, or until the forms can be put down at the rate of sixty or seventy words a minute ; then they should be dictated from time to time, by a good reader, until they can be written at one hundred and twenty-five words a minute. Do not refer to the printed trans- lation until you have exhausted every effort to read the short-hand notes without such aid. It is good prac- tice to read short-hand exercises aloud, and as rapidly as the words can be distinctly pronounced. Such practice makes one familiar with the sound of his voice when ca'.led upon to read in public, and enables him to read without hesitation. Many a good position has been lost by failure of the writer to read back his notes readily when called upon to do so. When practicable, a transcript of the short-hand notes should be made ; on the typewriter, if possible, otherwise in long-hand. The transcript should be compared with the Key, mistakes corrected, and then re- written until free from errors. If'certain words are habitually misspelled, make a memorandum of them and practice them from time to time until the habit is overcomei It is a bad habit for beginners to be continually " timing " themselves, to see how fast they can write. It begets a careless and slovenly style, and takes attention from the main object of study to learn to write correctly. The slow, careful and patient toiler will overtake and pass the fellow who is always " timing " himself for speed. There is a time for speed practice, but not until you can write new matter from dictation at tie rate of ninety or one hundred words a minute. No. 8. Manual of Type- Writing, No. 121. . ^ u ly^'o t^^p V %^ ...A No. 9. Manual of Type- Writing, No. 112. /S^c^rr.^--l^ 224 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. x^ r ^ ^ \ I * l..> ' r A^s ..^ ....^r\. No. 10. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 125. >/..^ > d- t...\.X h ..^...Srr^r^. .?7^ No. ii. Manual of Type- Writing, No. 126. .^.l..^^,.^.^J..,.^.. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 225 ^ c ~^ ^^ ^ c - ' : s: No. 12. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 129. / / f* / \ \ \ V^^X (\ ^\ 'Lf.Z J.& & . . -\TTT-. . L-v/.. \rrri. .T>1 . cL \Jti. . <^>..'.. I k"~^ _ Z.r*:r.rr..J...X> .\..-S-..v...l (T-fT^ tJ7...T>^ l^r*f/?/r^^^ -X^ . I3 . Manual of Type-Writing, No. 132. P "^ 226 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. No. 14. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 133. ^7 v _->^~V O ..sL^.^.....----^^?^.-.. 4 :. ..:$.-.-...*->.. "^''^'^''izi '.."T7..J... t No. 15. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 134. Vo 777>r-^7T. (5) ^ -[ -^--s- ^--\- __ ., n ^-^ ^ oc> " \ _ o 2. 7? V f. . ........ :. .............. ) ........ f-.fKr ____ fj.^>...jrx - .\ .9 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. No. 17. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 136. 227 7 * """""-v C\. jp jf f - ^o A L \ C-fT v^TS^ "QL> ' ' J \ ^- . // " ^ ^, r (\ cf..^\..La^.j OP /^../.vrr^z.^.r^.W. No. 1 8. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 156. _/? < '"\4 ^-\ 5... /r7^T...Tx/... '..-. No. 19. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 157. \ -^ 228 KXTHPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. I X* 1\ ^O >. _.-^. .... ^ No. 20. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 160. 4--- [ QS -v-y *-..7-- "-*;./< V ^--A r ./\. No. 21. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 161. / ->. 90S y^" ^. <\ / xx ^ J7^ II \ / \ I ^ HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 22$ c ../.>o../?7777/s_i ^o. 22. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 163. (. .\/.. o.!7T^s... i 'h' *"&''** v/' .r.:..^^..^.^.A^:.2.^ ^l No. 26. Manual of T>-pe-Writing, No. 149. /\ ^ I .^:. ' A.,... 232 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 233 ..*..*-*q No. 27. Manual of Type- Writing, No. 218. ../r7//7..:p^ r / N -^ r * ** t ...... /? ....... ..... 0. ..... . I " k. "^^^ I L *~^ . ..C ..?. v ^ rt 234 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. No. 28. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 219. No. 29. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 220. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. No. 30. Manual of Type-Writing, No. 221. 235 TRIAL. United States John H. Surratt ) IN-THE CRIMINAL COURT OF h-^ \ THE DlSTRICT-OF-COLUMBIA, No.- APPEARANCES. For-the United-States : District-Attorney, C. E. Carrington, and Asst. Dist 1 isttict-Atty., jr / ^ \A N. Wilson, Esqs.; Associate Counsel, Edwards Pierrepont and A. G. Riddle, Esqs. -V For-the Prisoner: Messrs. Joseph H. Bradley, R. T. Merrick, and J. H. Bradley, Jr., Esqs. (a) The Court said: Gentlemen, this-is-the-day assigned for-the trial of John H. '----W> 3jD Surratt, indicted for-the murder of Abraham-Lincoln, late-President-of-the-United-States. Are-you-ready to proceed? A. Mr. Bradley : The prisoner is ready,-sir, and-has-been from-the first HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 337 , / x^ ^ V- . / The District-Attorney: If-your-honor-please, I-am happy to announce that-the Government is ready to proced with-the trial. June 13, 1867. The Court was opened at 10 o'clock, when-the clerk proceeded to call over-the 9 I VT- names of-the talesmen summoned yesterday, in-accordance with-the direction of-the-Court : William H. Tenney, duly-sworn-and-examined upon-his voire dire, as-follows: By the Court : L....S.....'.. Q. Have-you formed or expressed an opinion in-relation to-the guilt-or-innocence of-the-prisoner-at-the^bar, John H. Surratt? A. I-have. Q. You-ha\fe-both formed and expressed an opinion? A. I-have. Q. Under-the oath you-hav'e-tafcen, do-you4ay to-the Court that-the opinion so formed and expressed would bias or prejudice your judgent in rendering-a verdict as-to-the guilt-or-innocence of-the-prisoner, after having heard all-the testimony in-the-case? A. I-think I-couId give as-good a verdict as-if ' HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 4..:r\-..-y... N ..,d - ^..y ^ 7 r.... .."....... ,.. i T> i.Z */ -.-^..^...y....^....\\......^.A ...L ..r.o}. 1 fos&ffXaA./M.G&M/. )..f^..j..^?!r^r:v.....)b>.-- > -:S^:Vv.^c ^--- s^:.^ .^fex^...^' -.., ,. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 239 ^..:...v..::u..^:....c..j:. r .. L ^ ~ 240 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. (a) Itreqnires some knowledge of law, and experience in court reporting, to know what to take and what to omit. Generally speaking, it is unnecessary to report the remarks of the judge upon calling a case, or the reply of counsel thereto, unless specially requested ; but this was nu exceptional trial. The entire country was interested in the proceedings so almost every word,, whether relevant or irrelevant, was reported, and now forms part of the record. (b) When pressed for speed it is not necessary to take down anything that can be supplied when making up the transcript. It is sufficient, when the judge speaks, to write the short-hand for "judge," or "court," and in the same manner write " Bradley," " Pierrepont," "District Attorney," etc., leaving off the "Mr." or "By The." If the paper is not specially ruled for law reporting; /. e., with an indented marginal line, a dash, or long period, should follow the name of the person speaking, so as to avoid ambiguity; otherwise the name is written outside of the marginal line, as in this trial. Questions should be begun outside of the line; answers should follow and be confined to the wide space between the lines and not extend over the line where the questions were begun. This is for the purpose of enabling the stenographer to refer quickly to any portion of the testimony he may be asked to read ; by casting the eye over the marginal columns any question that has been asked will readily be seen. (c) Talesmen are jurors usuatly summoned from among the by-stauders in the court room, in consequence of the "regular" panel having been exhausted. They are examined under oath the same as other jurors, and in criminal cases this examination should always be taken. The fact should also be noted that they are sworn in the panel, and every time that they appear in a case. A memorandum should be made of jurors who have been challenged and left the panel, and the correct names, either in short-hand or long-hand, should be had of those who remain in the panel when it is sworn. In the examination of jurors the questions asked are usually of the same tenor, and if the examination is rapid brief forms and phraseographs can be used to advantage. (d) To swear a witness upon his voire dire is to swear him upon his honor to tell the truth, or as to his availability as a witness. ADDRESS TO THE JURY. (a) . -N ^ C / " ^_ /> -/- ..... ~... v -^- --- T ""v^S"' 242 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. f W -v- r \ Lo ..! ^ HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 243 ... j .i.<. ....^.^ I *-* ^-^ .-^ J ....... b__o ...... (...*.. v....L.>^ s_P c/ \ . x . r ^u> Vi 1 = ..V--.. JL, 344 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ^ J ^ \^T J ^ <( ^"-^^L^'J ' -a--- .b..^....,.. ....^...^..^...^^.. (a) The address to the Jury, or "opening" the case, as it is usually called, is a brief . statement of the circumstances of the case and the facts sought to be proven. It is not customary for the stenographer to make a record of this on his minutes unless specially requested to do so. There are cases in which it is important that the record should show just what counsel has stated in his opening, and when -anything of this kind is auticipated the stenographer is asked to take it down ; if not, the record is usually com- pleted by agreement of counsel. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND A ../ ..... I). r... X.' - ?^ ^. W ..... v^"" V- ^ \r 1 , 246 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. r \ ^ -? '"C .L. .^r.' V * HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. \ ,...(. I L . A*. . L ^ . 1 -A 4 V 64V ). 248 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. i-V \.Tv../ 1 L-W- T Y p K " ^ r .L.l * * HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 249 / r L,v:r, X,4.'.' ,.. J. / . ; >i J. .ir .^ V ^..71. Q 1 A /o / 250 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. .u. s k li")' jJ-V "> - 5 V HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 251 ...^..:. *.../?. - /I / .V K No T i^ I * ...... A 252 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. vv -L. .^..,J.,(. -h- .a. XL HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND 253 ^ r L X -- ^Xl .- k*... .6.. V, ) L \ ..N /V U.1^.UU..^jt. 7 1..) pvs"'"" 254- HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. i ' ') >..:.!.>. Lc_urit 1 _ J 4, -f ,1 i.y...... >. o HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 255 ~H^-^ LA* \ .,. c \ 256 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. V. .-... t ... t - -4 C n 0. - HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. < t V. --* } .................... *..\S.. i, X .^.v HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 259 *x / f u-V h \ v. -r- 260 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. ...b. ^> V X. -p (3 ..*_*.^. 262 HUMPHREY'S .INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. v- V -v *" '^' JJLji.-.!^.. ( \r ^ U, L-x :..* .t.. '--T V HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. % 264 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. :z <{ i .a :w \ r - X \v N k. *t ,...l.^./^.. t HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 265 r.>.r. i x..! M^-TT V \ ^ ..\>..,. V- J ifr^r .K.l./,..>... ...:.3~* -. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. r .? ^-^ I/ "^^ n "VF^ .............. .--...\>J. i -s^p- > J. .:...L. A ..V..y~., ^ k ' 268 HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. .V5>. I No V V" *.:...ll. HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND. 269 J.. I /..AaJL r ^-^ ^\ /- ............... i- ANz_x. Q V V S : v HUMPHREY'S INTERLINEAR SHORT-HAND L r V ---- x * ^ r ., ,..s...v..^..._ x ./. . ^~^ 4 _.t \ --0 -- V i \. A- *\ \ * > \ ,"\. .L..,..1...6. .TD A "DV 000571274 Z56 H88i B. 0. BAKEH iSBSm