/ John Reii.v Knox, Miami '39, Foiiiul^T of Heta riieta Pi. THE HAND-BOOK OF Beta ^beta pi BY William Raimond Baird, M. E., LL. B. AUTHOR OF American College Fraternities, A Guide to the Principles of The Law, The Study of Languages, The Principles of American Law, Etc. SECOND EDITION AUTHORIZED BY THE CONVENTION OF 1906 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, NO. 271 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. I 907 Copyright, 1883 and 1894, by WILLIAM RAIMOND BAIRD under the title of "Fraternity Studies" Copyright, 1907 by William Raimond Baird. ALt. RIGHTS RFSERVED Printed at The Mail Printing Company Galesburg, Illinois SRLf^ URL / PREFACE TO THE EDITION OF 1894. In X'olumc XI. of the Beta Theta Pi, published in 1883-84, the writer contributed, under the title of "Fra- ternity Studies," a series of articles on the history of the fraternity and related topics. Many times since then the republication of these articles has been suggested, but lack of time has prevented. At the convention of 1893 there was observable among the younger members an ignorance concerning many important events in the history of our fraternity which was especially noticeable to one who had not attended recent conventions continu- ously. It was felt that the time was, perhaps, ripe to revise and bring down to date the studies of ten years ago, and the writer sought and obtained authority to prepare the volume herewith presented to the fraternity. The scope of the book has been somewhat restricted, to avoid encroaching upon the oroper sphere of the fra- ternity's catalogue, and hence information concerning the institutions wherein our chapters are or have been lo- cated, lists of charter members, and other similar items, have been omitted. It was at one time intended to insert portraits of some of the earnest workers in the fraternity who have so materially assisted in its upbuilding, but an unexpected obstacle was encountered in carrying out this 4 PREFACE. plan in the reluctance of many to admit their right to ho included in this class, and the idea was abandoned. Minor errors are inevitahle in a work of this kind, and where so many proper names occur mistakes are un- avoidable, and we apologize in advance for those which may be found. Thanks are especially due to the memuers of the Ex- ecutive Committee, to the secretaries of the Alpha, Iota and Gamma chapters, and to many other members of the fraternity for valuable and timely assistance. "Brothers, through all life's shade and sunshine fleeting. Where'er your paths may lie, God speed your onward steps ! Brothers, my greeting In Beta Theta Pi! And may the eternal sunshine find us banding As we have done to-night, Crowaied with 'the peace that passctli understanding' Uoon God's hills of light !" 1907 The lapse of time has caused a demand for a new edition of this book. Its scope is a trifle enlarged. It has been entirely rewritten and revised and brought down to date. The title has been changed because the designa- tion "Fraternity Studies" was frequently confused with the author's "Manual of American College Fraternities." It is hoped that a study of the book will secure an appre- ciation of the standing of the fraternity on the part of those interested. CONTENTS. CHAPTERS PAGE I. History from l.s;3!) to 18^4 7 II. History from 1844 to 180,") 30 III. History from 1805 to 1871 o2 ly. History from 1871 to 187!) 73 \'. History from 1875) to 188(; 95 VI. History from 188G to 1893 120 MI. History from 1893 to 1907 138 \'III. Federal Members of the Association 105 IX. The Beta Theta Pi Magazine — First Decade 179 X. The Beta Theta Fi Magazine — Sec- ond Decade 201 XI. The Beta Theta Pi Magazine to the present time 315 XII. Other PubHcations — Catalogues 237 XIII. Other Publications— Histories. Ftc 261 XIV. The Testimony of Experience 289 XV. The Insignia 309 XVI. Social Life of the Fraternity 323 XVII. Beta Homes . .351 6 CONTENTS. CHAPTERS PAGE XVIII. The Menibcrsliip 407 XIX. Tables — Presidinj^- Chapters, Direc- tors, Officers, Etc 15;^ XX. The Convention Rolls I M XXI. The (;reek World :,1 I Indexes — Of Subjects, Chapters, Societies, Institu- tions, Names ,")32 CHAPTER I. From the Foundation of the Fraternity to the Fnd of the year 184^. The system of college fraternities now cxistino- in tho colleges of the United States and Canada originated with the foundation of $ B K at the College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, on the 5th day of Decem- ber, 1776. The first meeting was held in the Apollo room of the Raleigh Tavern. The members entered into a solemn covenant to preserve the secrets of the societv and to promote and advance its interests. They chose a.s a distinctive emblem a square silver medal to be sus- pended from a cord, they drew up a constitution, held regular meetings, and began work similar to that of the fraternities of to-day. In December, 1778, a resolution was passed admitting non-collegians to membership, and another providing for the regular extension of the soci- ety. In July, 1779, a charter was granted to Samuel Hardy for the establishment of a "B"' branch, and shortly after charters were issued for r, A, E and Z branches, the last two being at Harvard and Yale respectively, and the others, including an H at Richmond and a at West- moreland, being non-collegiate. In April. 1780. the first move toward the establishment of a chapter at Yale (7) 8 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. was taken by the initiation of four men at Goshen, Conn . and in November, 1780. the chapter was estabhshed at New Haven, chang-inn;- its name, however, to that of "All)ha of Connecticut." In January, ITSl, the parent cha]ner ceased to exist, owing to the approach of the contending- armies of the Revolutionary war to Wilhanis- burg. In September, 1781, after the death of the parent chapter, the "Al])ha of Massachusetts" was estabhshed at Harvard. In 1T87 a chapter was estabhshed at Dart- moutli, in 1817 at Union, in 1825 at Bowdoin and in 18-^5 at IJrown. The badge was changed to a key about 1820. In LS.')!. the Harvard chapter disclosed its secrets, and the society thereafter became purely a f(M-mal organiza- tion, initiating students about to graduate and conferring its membership only u])on those who liad attained high rank. In 1825, the K A, or Kappa Alpha, society was formed at Union College, by John Hunter and other members of the class of '2(). This societw in its external features, resembled $ B K, of which a chapter had been estab- lished at Union in 1817. It was secret. It displayed a key badge, and it named its chapters on the same system. In March, 1827, ten seniors at Union founded ^ *, and in November of the same year nine seniors founded A $. In 182!i, the I. 1\. A. society was established at '!' rinitv College, Connecticut. It was similar to these other or- ganizations, but has remained local. 2 ^ placed a branch or chapter at Hamilton College in 1831. and in 1882 A A $ was founded at that place. In 1833, * Y originated THE FOUNDERS STORY. 9 at Union, and K A placed a chapter at Williams, fol- lowed one year later by 2 ^. Here they found a new rival, in the shape of an anti-secret society called the Social Fraternity, and which has since united with other similar organizations to form A Y. In 1837, the Mysti- cal Seven and $ N © were founded at Wesleyan. The former was not Greek in name., but was otherwise simi- lar. It established several chapters and in 1890 united with B © n. $ N has remained local. A A <^ was founded by an Ohio man, and established its second chapter at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1835, and in 1839 the first western fraternity, B © 11, originated there. At the time of the establishment of B © IT, then, the fraternity field was occupied as follows : K A was at Union and Williams, A 4> at Union and Brown, ^ Y at Union and New York University, 2 $ at Union, Hamil- ton, Williams and New York University, A A $ at Hamilton, Miami, New York University, Columbia, Yale, Amherst, Brown, Harvard and the Cincinnati Law School, I. K. A. at Trinity, and the Mystical Seven and $ N © at Wesleyan. The founders of Beta Theta Pi were John Reily Knox, of the class of '39, and Samuel Taylor Marshall, of the class of '40, at Miami University. Knox tells the story of the origin of the society as follows : "To begin with the beginning, it was during the win- ter session of 1838-39 that the idea of forming a secret association first suggested itself to my mind. I saw there 10 HANDBOOK OF BETA TilETA IM. were many advantag'es in such an association whicii could not otherwise be enjoyed. Such combinations are as old as the wants of man and coeval with the growth of literature/ Circumstances had made me somewhat prominent in a rather bitter fight in the literary association of which T was a member against the society of the A A $, and in which, though successful, f had learned to admire the compact organization and esprit dc corps of its members. About the same time, too, I came across an old book, no copy of which T have seen since, and the name of which I have forgotten, giving an account of some of the secret organizations of the middle ages."- "The great secret of their success consisted not in numbers but in union. * * * In some of these societies, however, were to be found many objectionable features * * *. Some of these were to be found in the A A $ society as it was organ- ized at Miami University, and I imagined that an associ- ation might be formed which would embrace the good without the ingredient of evil. My attention was drawn more forcibly to this by the dissension then existing in the Union hall, and which 1 conceived originated in the Alpha society."^ "Being impressed with the force that lies in compact organization, an idea that had been the subject of con- versation between two or three of us grew on me, and I went to sketching out a plan, the constitution and obliga- ' Letter to E. B Stevens, April 14, ISl.'J. - "Recollections of 1839," written for the 35th Convention. THE founders' STORY. 11 tions for a new society. While engaged in doing this, I had repeated conferences with the gentleman whose name stands second on the roll, S. T. Marshall, now of lowa."^ "But if you know Marshall, I need not tell you that he is one of the most sanguine men in existence. The idea once started, he would not give it up until I set to work. In the first place, I got the Greek lexicon and turned it over in search of a name. The present one was finally selected. Then came the badge. This was more difficult than the other. * * We then went to work on the constitution. * * * The next question was. Who shall we connect with us in this matter? Charles Hardin roomed next door to Marshall, so we called him in, and I initiated him and Taylor ( Marshall). "- Alarshall says: "I was a student at Miami L'niversity, having entered in the fall of 1836 and graduated August 13, 1840. While there I was approached by a member of the A A $, who spoke to me, and asked how I would like to join a Greek society, etc. I told him to let me think about it a week, because at that time there was a great prejudice against such secret societies, not onl\ among the students, but also among the faculty. At th" end of the week I told my friend that I feared to join the A A $ on account of the bad efifect it might have on my standing in my class, etc. However, I began to ruminate and study about it, and finally, in the spring and summer of 1839, I thought I could found a society 1 Recollections of 1S93, written for the HOth Convention. 2 Letter to E. B. Stevens, April 14, 1843. 12 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. and keep it secret, so that no one would know who be longed. I wrote the constitution and submitted it to John Reily Knox, and asked him to become a member and one of the founders, and he agreed to it. Mr. Knox was in the senior class, and I was in the junior class. Then James G. Smith, who was in my class, was con- sulted, and joined us. I dated the constitution as being of July 4th, 1839."^ It would seem that both Knox and Marshall had inde- pently conceived the idea of forming such a society, and that it only took shape after it had been mutually dis- cussed. The constitution referred to by Marshall was very short and simple. Its main provisions were as follows : CONSTITUTION. Art. 1. The title of this association shall be Beta Theta Pi. Art. 2. The motto of this association shall be * * *. Art. 3. The objects of this association are * * *. Art. 4. The visible badge of this association shall be a breast- pin bearing on front the following characters : 1st, three stars; 2nd, a crescent; :;r(l, the initial letters of tlie motto; 4th, the date of the formation of this association ; on the liack, a heart with a spear passed through it, together with the laame of the member who wears it. Art. 5. The secret password of this society shall be * * *. Art. 6. No chapter of this association shall consist of more than nine nor less than three regular members. Art. 7. No person shall become a member of this associa- tion of whose abilities we are not well assured, and in whose • Letter written to the editor, February 1, 1894. THE FIRST MEETING. 13 fidelity we have not the most implicit confidence, and not then unless by the united concurrence of every member present. Art. 8. Other branches of this association may be estab- lished at such places as may be thought suitable and prudent. Art. 9. The badge shall not be worn by any member whilst in attendance at college or in such other places as may be deemed by himself or the members of this association unsuitable. Art. 10. An address shall be delivered in private to the members of this association on each anniversary of its founda- tion. Art. 11. The members of each chapter shall meet at least once in each month, for the purpose of hearing an essay read by some member, who shall have been appointed for this purpose, on any subject connected with the objects of this association. Art. 12. The signs, symbols, proceedings and constitution of this association shall be kept inviolably secret. Art. 13. Every member, before becoming a member of this association, shall bind himself with the following obligation : Knox says : "The members present at the first meet- ing were Marshall, Linton, Smith and myself. The meeting was held in a room occupied at the time by Tay- lor Marshall, in that part of the college building at Ox- ford known as the 'old wing.' " ^ There seems to be no record of this meeting. Some time between July 4 and August 8, 1839, Charles H. Har- din. John H. Duncan, M. C. Ryan and Thos. B. Gordon were added, and the record of the first formal meeting, as found in Alpha's record book, reads as follows : Miami University^ August g, 1839. The following young men, students of Miami University, namely, John R. Knox, Samuel T. Marshall. David Linton, J. G. ' Letter to E. B. Stevens, April 14, 1843. 14 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. Smith, Charles 11. llardin. John 11. Duncan, M. C. Ryan and Thomas B. Gordon, having associated themselves togetlier. formed and suhscribed the foregoing constitution, laws and ob- ligations, held, agreeably to previous arrangement, their first regular meeting in the hall of the Union Literary Society at 9 o'clock on Thursday evening, August 8, Anno Domini 18:59. John H. Duncan, having been previously elected as lirst ^resident of this association, delivered his inaugural address as re(iuired, and entered upon the discharge of his duties. David Linton, who had been previously appointed to prepare a suit- able address for the occasion, discharged the duty devolving upon him in an essay upon the first, and an ex tempore address upon the last, words of the motto. J R. Knox was then elected to address the society upon the first anniversary of its founda- tion. Thos. B. Gordon was appointed to prepare the essay for the next meeting. Mr. Ryan proposed that it should be the duty of the secretary to inform by letter all absent memljers of the election of any new member, which proposition was agreed to. As a portion of the members would be absent during the ap- proaching recess of the university, it was deemed advisable to adjourn to meet on the second Thursday of October, and the society adjourned accordingly. John H. Duncan, Pres. James G. Smith, Sec. The society still lacked one of the magical nine, and steps were taken to remedy it. The following minutes tell how the ninth man was elected and initiated : Miami University, Thursday^ Oct. lo, iSsp. Tlie society met in the Erodelphian Hall. Present — Messrs. Duncan, Gordon, Marshall, Hardin and Smith. Mr. Gordon read the essay which he had been appointed to prepare for the evening, and Mr. Hardin was appointed to prepare one for the next regular meeting. H. H. Johnson was then proposed as a gentleman possessing every qualification for membership in the Beta Theta Pi association, and all those present having exp^e^scd THE FIRST INITIATION. 15 a wish that he should be admitted as a brother member, Mr. Gor- don was selected as the most suitable person to make the propo- sition to the member-electj and, in case he should accept of mem- bership in the Beta Theta Pi. to introduce him at the next regu- lar meeting. The society then adjourned to meet on the second Thursday of November. John H. Duncan, Pres. James G. Smith, Sec. November 14, 1839. The society met in the room of H. H. Johnson. Present — Messrs. Hardin, Gordon, Duncan, Marshall and Smith. Mr. Johnson having subscribed to the constitution, was welcomed as a brother member of the B IT. Mr. Hardin then read the essay which he was appointed to prepare, and Mr. Johnson was appointed to read at the next regular meeting. The members then discussed the propriety of adopting some new exercise wliich should increase the interest and prolong the meetings of the society, and Messrs. Smith and Johnson a committee to re- port a plan for consideration at the next meeting. John H. uuncan, Pres. James G. Smith, Sec. During the college year of 1839-40, the mother chapter was busily perfecting its organization. As secret socie- ties were strictly prohibited at Miami, a little indiscretion would have caused the collapse and ruin of the infant project. Such a disaster was once very narrowly es- caped. One of the students became suspicious of the fre- quent meetings and consultations of his companions, guessed their object and purpose, and insisted upon being initiated. In order to satisfy him, he was treated to a mock initiation, and so gotten rid of. The first badge which was designed by Marshall, had the same general outline as the one in present use. The wreath, however, was not used at first, 16 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. but a crescent was placed under the three stars, Marshall had the first badges made in Cincinnati, in the fall of 1839. It was intended by the founders to originate a wide- spread fraternity, and the form of the organization had hardly been determined upon before efforts were made to extend the society. The first branch or chapter was located in Cincinnati, where the A A $ had a branch organization at the Cincinnati Law College. It was ap- parently not connected with any educational institution, although its members were mostly college men. In fact, it is doubtful whether the fraternity was intended to be confined to educational institutions at this time. It will be observed that Article 8 of the first constitution says that chapters "may be established at such places^ as may be thought suitable and prudent," and does not re- strict their establishment to educational institutions. 1'his first effort of extension was made in March. 1840. The minutes of the two meetings of the Miami chapter relating to the subject read as follows: March, 1840. Society met in the "Oxford Hotel." Absent — Johnson and Hamilton. As some of the members expected to visit Cincin- nati during the college recess, it was deemed advisable to em- power them to establish a chapter of B 6 IT in that city. After considerable discussion as to the propriety of such a measure, it was finally agreed to. Messrs. Paddack, Gordon and Hamilton were appointed on the committee to establish the chapter. This *In this respect resembling the Phi Beta Kappa. THE OHIO CHAPTER. 17 being an irregular meeting, no regular business was transacted. The societv accordingly adjourned. John H. Duncan^ Pres. James G. Smith, Sec. April, 1840 The societ^' met in the room of H. H. Johnson. Absent — Smith. Mr. Gordon delivered his inaugural address upon taking the chair as president, and Mr. Paddack read the essay which he had been appointed to prepare for the evening. Mr. Wliit- ing was selected to read an essay at the next regular meeting of the society. On motion, Messrs. Duncan, Marshall and Hardin were appointed a committee to report at the next meeting on a suitable plan for observing the death of any of the members of B G n. It was further resolved that it be left to the consider- ation of the members to devise a system of correspondence be- tween the different chapters of the B IT which are or may hereinafter be formed ; and also between the chapters and their absent members. The propriety of bringing the maker of the breastpin (the badge of membership) under obligations of sec- recy was also laid over for the action of the society at the next meeting. The committee that was appointed to establish a chapter of the B n society at Cincinnati reported that they "discharged the duty assigned to them, and fully succeeded in effecting the object of their appointment." There being no fur- ther business,, the society adjourned. T. B. Gordon^ Pres. H. H. Johnson. Sec. The chapter referred to was estabhshed April S, 1S40, mainly through the efforts of Alexander Paddack, Mi- ami, '41. He initiated Henry Snow, Miami, '38, and Henry Beard, Cincinnati College, '40, and perhaps one or two others. The new chapter, proud of its position and eager to exercise its privileges, immediately took up the work of spreading the order. Henry Beard who 18 ilANDROOK OF P.ETA THETA PI. lived in Zanesville, O., initiated his fellow townsmen, C. C. Gilbert. R. C. Hoffman and J. C. Culbertson, who were students at Ohio University, Athens, O., and a chapter was according-ly formed there November 9, 1841. Another member of the Cincinnati chapter, Lewis P. Harvey, who afterwards became Governor of Wisconsin, during- the summer of 1841 entered into correspondence with a local society called the "Boannergians," at West- ern Reserve College. Hudson, O.. and it became a chap- ter of the B n August 9, 1841. In the meantime, the mother chapter was not idle, as the minutes of the meetings of July 14 and July 27 show: July 14, 1841. On motion, Messrs. Hamilton and Martin were authorized, with the consent of the Cincinnati chapter, to establish a branch of this association at Danville, Ky. On motion, a chapter of this society was ordered to be estab- lished at Tnskaloosa, Ala. Whitney and Powe were appointed to take measures for its establishment. July 27, 1841. Society met. The president, Mr. PowCj being absent, Mr. Martin was called to the chair. Mr. Berry, elected last evening,, was then initiated. Mr. Harbine read his essay. On motion, this chapter resolved (provided the Cincinnati chapter consent) to establish chapters of the Beta Theta Pi association at the following places; viz, at Lexington, Ky. (Martin, Berry and Col- lins, committee), at St. Louis (Hardin, committee), at Dick- inson College, and at William and Mary College (Harbine, Col- lins and McCleary, committee). On motion, McCleary, Collins and Harbine were appointed to procure a place of assemblage for our anniversary celebration. On motion, McCleary, Harbine and Collins were appointed a THE FIRST EXPULSION. 19 committee of vigilance to watch over the interests of the society. Society adjourned. T. A. PowE, Pres. James Long, Sec. Only the move to establish a chapter at Transyl- vania University, Lexington, Ky., was successful, how- ever. William S. Martin, of Miami, and Thos. G. Mitchell, of Cincinnati, jointly succeeded in placing a chapter in the then famous Transylvania Law School, January 31, 1842, and the minutes of the meeting of the Miami chapter, held February 8, 1842, contain the record: "The recorder ' then read Mr. Mitchell's letter bearing date of February 3, announcing the establish- ment of a chapter at Lexington, Ky." This entry is also noticeable from the fact that in it, for the first time in the records of the Alpha chapter, the secretary is called the recorder, though the title was used by the Cincinnati chapter in November, 1841. This term was in use for many years thereafter. The parent chapter, too, was beginning to experience trouble. One of its members^ becoming dissatisfied, de- sired to withdraw, but now that more than one chapter had to be consulted, the procedure was not so easy. The following minutes of the chapter show how the difficulty was met: Wednesday, March j, 1842 Called meeting. Blackburn absent. The recorder read Mr. Hibbins' letter of withdraw^al from our association. Mr. Mc- Cleary moved "that the chapter release Mr. Hibbins from all ob- ligations save that of secrecy." After considerable debate, the whole matter was postponed till the ensuing morning. Jno. a. Collins, Recorder of B IT. 20 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Wednesday, March 12. 184 j. Chapter met. McLeary absent. Minutes were read and ap- proved. Messrs. Berry and Stevens read essays. Mr. Black- burn was excused. Mr. Hamilton moved the following reso- lution : "That we debar I. S. Hibbins from the duties and priv- ileges of this chapter, but that it is the sense of this chapter that it is beyond our power to exclude any member from the obliga- tions and vows of the whole association. This being the regular night for the election of officers, the society entered into an election, which resulted in the choice of Jno. J. Berry as president and A. W. Hamilton as recorder, after wliich the chapter adjourned. John Armstrong Collins, Recorder of B 9 IT. During the early part of the year 1842 Thomas Har- bine, of Miami, made an effort to establish a chapter at Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, but was unsuccessful. In May of this same year, Henry Snyder and Rodney Mason, who had both been students at Mi- ami, changed their college, emigrating to Jefferson. The Miami Betas, knowing these men, suggested to them that they should establish a chapter. This was ac- cordingly done June 1, 1842. It was the first fraternity chapter established in reniisylvania, and has had an un- broken existence until the ])resent day. It is our (eldest continuous chapter. The freedom from red tape which characterized these pioneers in the work of the fraternity is shown by the letter from Rodney Mason to the Miami chapter, an- nouncing the formation of this chapter. Tt reads : Canonsburgh, Ju7ic 2, 1842. My Dear Friend: Yours of the 25th, as also Hamilton's of THE FIRST CONVENTION. 21 the same date, was received several days since, and in compli- ance with the instructions of the society 1 proceeded immediate- ly to make preparations for the establishment of a chapter, and accordingly spoke in regard to the probable success of an insti- tuition similar to ours to the gentlemen mentioned in my last. He thought that such a thing could be successfully established in this college. Upon my then telling our intention, and desir- ing his cooperation, he readily entered into the spirit of it, and immediately spoke to two of the most promising members of the senior class, and also to two of the juniors, who consented to give their influence in our favor. Deeming this to be a sufficient number for commencing operations, we last night organized "the Jefferson chapter of the Beta Theta Pi," which dates from the 1st of June, 1842, the members present being Ulysses Mercur, Towanda, Pa. ; A. W^ Hendricks, Madison, Ind. ; W. M. Hous- ton, Lowell, O., and myself. In May, 1842, the chapter at Western Reserve pub- licly announced its existence, being the first of the chap- ters to do so. August 15, 1842, the first triennial convention was held at Cincinnati. Delegates were present from the Miami, Cincinnati, Western Reserve and Ohio Univer- sity chapters, and letters were read from the Transyl- vania chapter. The convention lasted two days, and several mooted points were thoroughly discussed. The subject of resig- nations and expulsions was treated, the crescent on the badge was changed to a wreath and dia- mond, a seal was adopted, and it was decided that the existence of a chapter should remain se- cret if so desired. All the legislation was put 22 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. into the form of amendments to the constitu- tion and no distinction, seemed to have been per- ceived between constitutional enactment and statute law. The provisions of the amendmened constitution, where they differ materially from the former one, are as follows : . Art. n, Sec. 1. The visible badge of this association sliall l)c a l)rcastpin, the front of which shall be black enamel, bearing, first, three stars in gold * * * ; second, a diamond, en- circled by a wreath in gold * * *; third, tlie name of the associa- tion in gold; fourth, the date of its foundation in Greek char- acters and in gold. On the liack, two hands clasped, * * * the name of the member who wears it, and the date of the chapter to which he belongs. Sfx. 3. No chapter or member of this association shall re- veal anything in regard to it, more than its existence ; and no chapter shall reveal even the existence of another chapter with- out its consent. Art. 4, Sec. 2. No person a member of any similar associa- tion shall be eligible to membership in this ; and no member of this as.sociation shall be eligil)le to membership in any other as- sociation of similar oliject. Art. f). It shall be the duty of each chapter semi-annually to make out a list of its members, a statement of its condition and prospects, and of such other matters as may seem advisable, and to transmit a copy of the same to every chapter of the as- sociation. Art. 7. Each chapter shall celebrate the anniversary of its foundation by the delivery of an oration, and such other ex- ercises as may be deemed suitable. Art. 9. This association shall have a seal, to be stamped up- on the seals of letters, the impression upon which shall be two A FRATERNITY JOURNAL SUGGESTED. 23 clasped hands and a Greek letter indicating the priority of the chapter. Art. 10, Sec. 1. There shall be a triennial convention of delegates from all the chapters, each chapter sending as many representatives as it may deem proper; but the delegation from a single chapter having but one vote in the convention. Sec. .3. The proceedings of this convention shall be valid, unless disapproved of by one-third of the chapters within four months after the final adjournment of the convention. Art. 11. This constitution shall not be altered or amended except by the triennial convention; and shall be sovereign au- thority in all cases for which it provides ; but each chapter shall make its own by-laws and such other regulations as may be necessary, provided that they conflict with no articles in the con- stitution. This convention also considered the subject of estab- Hshing- a fraternity periodical, and B. F. Millard, of Western Reserve, offered the following resohition : Resolved. That this association establish a periodical, to be published monthly at , and to be sustained by contri- butions of literary matter from all of its members. The minutes read, "After a warm and animated dis- cussion the resolution was withdrawn," but the project was not allowed to die, and A. W. Hamilton, of Miami, John C. Zachos, of Cincinnati, and B. F. Millard, of Western Reserve, were appointed a committee to report upon the subject to the next convention. The conven- tion then adjourned to meet in 1845. Although there is no record of their adoption by this convention, two customs of the fraternity must have been sanctioned by this meeting. One was the adoption 24 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. of the fraternity's peculiar signature, which we find in no letters dated previous to this date, and which at once became prevalent, and the other was the manner of naming the chapters. The first constitution prescribed that chapters should be established at such "places'' as might be thought suit- able, and the convention amended the constitution to read : Art. 2. This association shall be composed of chapters es- tablished in such places as may be deemed expedient by three- fourths of the existing chapters, which shall be named from their location, and possess concurrent powers. And the chapters were referred to almost exclusively by localities ; for instance, not the Miami chapter, but the Oxford chapter; not the Ohio University chapter, but the Athens chapter; not the Western Reserve chapter, but the Hudson chapter; not the Transylvania chapter, but the Lexington chapter. Nevertheless, immediately after this convention, we find the beginning of the sys- tem of naming the chapters by Greek letters in the order of their establishment, and tfee roll as thus designated was as follows : A, Miami ; B, Cincinnati ; r, Western Reserve ; A, Ohio University ; E, Transylvania ; Z, Jeff- erson. During the remainder of the year 1842, little was done in the way of extension. In the Miami record book, we find this entry under date of July 16, 1842 : "At the suggestion of the Cincinnati chapter, power was granted to the Jefferson chapter to establish a chapter at Dick- THE HARVARD CHAPTER. 25 inson College, Pa." The chapter at Lexington was, however, becoming weak, owing to the fact that it was in a professional school having a course of study of short duration. In 1843, George Hoadly, Western Reserve. '44, visited Lexington, and made a report upon the condition of the chapter, as follows : I also visited Lexington, Ky., and there I met with the Tran- sylvania chapter, embodied in the person of Mr. S. R. Bullock, Mr. R. A. H. Robertson, the only other resident member, had gone to Baltimore. Mr. Bullock informed me that such was the condition of the Lexington Law School, that it was judged inexpedient to admit members and hold meetings, and it has consequently been lifeless for some time. He, however, prom- ised, if possible, to engraft that chapter upon the college de- partment of the university, which is now in excellent condition, instead of continuing in the fluctuating law school. He never did, however, and the Transylvania chapter was not very long-lived. In the spring of 1843, A. W. Hamilton, who had been one of the most active members of the parent chapter, entered the Harvard Law School, and sought authority to establish a chapter at Harvard. The Miami chapter granted his request, and coupled it with authority to form college chapters almost anywhere, the minutes of the meeting being as follows : Monday Evening, May 15, 1843. The secretary informed the chapter that he had transmitted a copy of the constitution to Mr. A. W. Hamilton, of Cam- bridge, Mass., with discretionary power to form branches of the association at such places as he shall deem proper, provided that they be in connection with some permanent literary institution. 26 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. On motion, this act of the recorder was sanctioned and ap- proved by the society. It would seem, however, that the other- chapters were asked to sanction this action, from the record of the meeting- of June 8, 1843 : Letters were read from Mr. Hamilton, reporting the pros- pects at Cambridge, and from the Jefferson chapter, announcing that power was granted the Miami chapter to found a branch at Cambridge. The chapter was finally established at Harvard, Sep- tember 5, 1843, and called "H." This same autumn, Wm. M. Scott, Jefferson, '41, en- tered the Princeton Theological Seminary, and secured authority to establish a chapter at Princeton, which was organized November, 2, 1843, and the organization of which was announced to the Miami chapter in the fol- lowing letter : Princeton, N. J., Jan. 2^, 1844. I doubt not you are wondering what has become of the Princeton chapter of the Beta Theta Pi * * * -pj^g authority reached me near the close of last session, and I selected three to initiate at first, and designed to bring them in before the close of the session, but * * * it was postponed * * *. The chapter was formed on the first Thursday in November, by the admission of those three (Nov. 2, 1843) * * *. Our greatest difficulty arises from the jealousy of the members of the two literary societies, which requires the utmost caution in approaching the members of either. Although we are not yet able to present you with a long list of names, we can assure you of honest and warm hearts. We flatter ourselves that we shall eventually be able to secure all we desire in regard to members ; but we need THE PRINCETON CHAPTER. 27 not tell you this is our object. We hope to have it to say that no one hails from the Princeton chapter who shall not be "worthy to wear the badge and bear the name." Wm. M. Scott. This chapter was called "0." It was the first frater- nity chapter at Princeton, and was killed in a short time by the anti-fraternity sentiment in the college. While it lasted it was composed of men of unusual attain- ments, including Prof. Charles W. Shields, the eminent theologian, and Nathianiel C. Burt, whose descriptive book on Palestine called "The Land and Its Story" was necessary to every library a generation ago. The year 1844 was uneventful, except that the Harvard chapter did not meet the expectations of its founder, though the charter members were reinforced by the pres- ence of George Hoadly, of Western Reserve. In No- vember, 1844, things had reached a critical point, and the chapter took the following action, as stated in a let- ter of Hoadly to the Miami chapter : Cambridge, Mass., December 4, 1844. At a meeting of the Harvard chapter, held November 29, the following resolutions were unanimously passed : Resolved, That the name of Eta, or Harvard chapter, be changed to Yale. Resolved, That Mr. William H. Upson, of the Yale Law School, a Beta of the Hudson chapter; Mr. William B. Woods, of the same chapter, and Mr. John Coon, of the Athens chapter, members of Yale college, be admitted to the chapter, and be constituted a quorum, with power to admit members, and to do other business. 28 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Resolved, That the recorder be instructed to write to the other chapters, requesting their assent to the proposed change. Our object, as you will readily perceive, is to change the location of this chapter to Vale College. This we perceive may be done constitutionally without consulting the otlier cliapters, but we feel that on this point a reasonable doubt may be enter- tained, and we think it at least a debt of courtesy to consult our bretliren before making so important a change. If this be not done, with the close of this year the Eta chapter must die. We can go no further. The chapter was established under flatter- ing auspices, but not three months elapsed after its inauguration before the sky was black and lowering. There are in the Har- vard Law .Scliool 1()5 students, yet strange to say, out of this number there is not one whom we could admit without violating e.xpressed provisions of our consciences and our constitution. Our consciences provide that Betas should be choice spirits and hale fellows well met. and, by this, one-half of the school is ex- cluded. Our constitution provides that Betas should "belong to no similar association." and this excludes the other half. Every young man of talent is a member of some similar society in his alma mater, and from tlicni we are excluded l)y our constitution from making selections. What, then, shall we do? There are at Yale College three Betas, one in the law school, one in the sophomore, and one in the senior class. There are two societies there that would prove rivals to the B 9 11 ; namely, the A A 4> and the ''^ T. By making now a judicious selection from the sophomore cla s, the !5 O IT can be p:aced o ' the same platform with them. The proposal has been made, and a goodl}' number of the most talented and influential of the sophomore class are ready to join the Beta brotherhood. The chapters did not act ciuickly enouj^^h, however, though the Miami chapter gave tlie desired permission, as appears from the following record : THE PROPOSED YALE CHAPTER. 29 December i8, 1844. Called meeting. Chapter met in Mr. Herron's room. A letter received from the H chapter at Cambridge, proposing to change the chapter to Yale, was read. On motion, permission was granted to do so. The Harvard chapter ceased to exist with the advent of 1845 and the Yale chapter was not established until 47 vears later. CHAPTER II. HISTORY— 1844 TO 1864. From the Establishment of the Asbiiry Chapter to the Convention of 1864. Althouie^h during the year 184'4, nothing in the way of extension was accomplished, yet tlie fraternity (Hd l)ril- Hant work the succeeding year. Iota chapter, at Asbury University, Greencastle, Ind.. was estabHshed April 23, 1845, by Robert N. Hudson and Oliver P. Morton, of Miami. It was the pioneer fra- ternity chapter of Indiana, and the men then initiated, commencing with Senator Booth, who announced the establishment of the chapter in the following letter, form the first of the long line of Betas unequalled by any fra- ternity chapter in the United States for the brilliant po- sitions they have taken in the public life of their state and country. Iota Chapter^ B B II, ) Greencastle, Ind., /«»c 13. 184$. ) Wt have delayed * * *, that we might report a permanent organization * * *. We date our regular formation April 23, 1845. Our delegates will be present at your approaching "Tri- ennial Convention" * * *. Trusting that age may only serve to strengthen the bonds of and , we are yours, Newton Booth. (30) THE MICHIGAN CHAPTER. 31 It was now time for the second triennial convention, but the chapters were so taken up with a discussion of where it should be held that the appointed time passed without action. Kappa was founded at the Indiana University, Bloom- ington, Ind., August 27, 1845, by Thomas B. Graham, '46, who was a friend of Oliver P. Morton, of Miami. Lambda was founded at the University of Michigan, No- vember 13, 1845, by B. F. Millard, of the Hudson chapter. This was the first fraternity chapter in Michi- gan. The X SI' society was established there in Decem- ber of the same year, and has frequently disputed the Beta claim to priority. The following letter to the Miami chapter, at a time when there was no motive in distorting the facts, seems conclusive upon this point : Lambda Chapter of B 9 IT, ) University of Michigan^ Jan. 28, 1846. ) The chapter was formed on the 13th of November, 1845, through the agency of B F. Millard, formerly of Hudson. The organization is thoroughly completed * * *; our chapter is in a prosperous condition * * *. We have some opposition in the shape of the following societies, the A A *, the X -^ and the A A, all of which have been recently established here; but we were first in the field, and made our selections, so that they will not have an equal chance for years to come * * *. Yours in kai , N. West, Recorder, The loss of the Harv^ard chapter was very severely felt when it became known, and some of the chapters felt that perhaps it was not advisable to establish so many chapters without more deliberate consideration of the 32 HANDROOK OF BETA THETA PI. matter. The following record of the Miami chapter shows how near there came to being a chapter at Mari- etta: June 6, 1846. Chapter met at Messrs. Hay and Osborn's room. Messrs. Fairies and Wallace having given their assent, were duly initia- ted as members of the Beta Theta Pi. Mr. Wilson was elected a member for tlie purpose of establishing a cfiapter at Marietta, O. A letter was read from him accepting membership. The re- corder was instructed to forward to him the constitution of the society. Chapter adjourned. G. R. McMillan, Pres., Hiram Strong, Rec, Beta Theta Pi. The "Mr. Wilson" referred to was Joseph G. Wilson, afterwards of Oregon, who died at the end of his first term in Congress in 1873, in the middle of what was al- ready a brilliant career. Though his connection with B (-) n was in reality slight, he took the warmest interest in its welfare, and kept up a correspondence with many of its members during his lifetime. The Miami chapter also had a chapter in view at Wabash College, and wrote to the other chapters con- cerning both this and Marietta, receiving the following reply from Western Reserve : r Chapter of B n, | Western Reserve College, June 6, 1846. S Your request was taken into consideration, and permission was given to establish a chapter at Crawfordsville, Ind., also one at Danville, Ky., provided the opening should l)e good. Action upon the request for permission to establish chapters at Marietta, O., and Columbia, S. C, was deferred until we learn THE WABASH CHAPTER. 33 something more of the prospect and chances of success. The chapter here feels a great anxiety in regard to the manner of establishing new chapters * * *. We trust you will write us the prospects in those places, when we can act more understand- ingly. The Miami chapter went ahead, however, and elected John Coburn, Wabash '46, a friend of Oliver P. Mor- ton's, a member for the purpose of estabUshing a chapter, as we find in the following record : June 13, 1846. Called meeting. Chapter met at Hay and Osborn's room; all the members were present. Mr. Coburn was elected a mem- ber of the Beta Theta Pi for the purpose of establishing a chap- ter a.t Crawfordsville. Mr. Hay was instructed to forward to him a copy of our constitution. The chapter at Wabash College, Crawfordsville, was formed July 22, 1846, and was called "M" ; but the pro- ject at Marietta did not reach such a favorable conclu- sion, as the following record shows : August II, 1846. Regular meeting. Chapter met in Mr. Hay's room. Presi- dent in the chair. Minutes of the last regular meeting, as well as those of the called meetings, were read and adopted. A let- ter from Mr. Coburn, of Crawfordsville, was read * * *. A letter from Mr. J. G. Wilson, of Marietta College, was read, stating the impossibility of founding a chapter at that place, in ■consequence of the laws of that institution forbidding the estab- lishment of all such societies, and the further non-assent of the faculty. May 16, 1847, a chapter was established at Williairis College, through the efforts of Timothy D. Pelton, of 34 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Western Reserve. Tt at once took a foremost position at Williams. The necessity for a convention had now becoine ap- parent, and as the rc,8^nlar triennial had not been held in 1845, a special convention was called by the Miami chap- ter, which met at Cincinnati May 14, 1847. The Miami, Cincinnati, Wabash. Western Reserve,. Jefferson, Michij^an and Asbury chapters were repre- sented by delegates. Transylvania. Indiana and \\'il- liams were not represented. Thou^-li the Cincinnati chapter was inactive, its members took an active part in the deliberations of the convention. Princeton was unrep- resented, and was not, in fact, in active existence at the time, though the convention was not aware of the fact George Hoadly was president, James F. Little vice president and V. D. Collins secretary. The most mem- orable action of this convention was the establishment of the presiding chapter system. The enactment pro- vided that there should be a Presiding chapter chosen at each convention, with no legislative- power, which should l)e the depository of information regarding the chapters, to which all propositions regarding the actions of the association should be submitted, and by whicli the decision of the chapters should be obtained and transmitted, and which; should be the center of all business correspondence. A resolution was also passed "that the Cincinnati, Athens and Harvard chapters be, and they are hereby declared, extinct, and that the names of the members of said chapters be transferred to the list of the Miami chapter." THE CHAPTER ROLL OF 1847, 35 The Miami chapter was made the presiding chapter until the next regular triennial convention which was appointed to meet at Hudson, O., the first Thursday of September, 1848. A committee was appointed to forward an address to the several chapters. This was intended to be a sort of encyclical letter, detailing briefly the work of the con- vention, and speaking words of admonition or encourage- ment. It was a pleasant custom, and continued in effect for many years. The roll of chapters was rearranged as follows : A, Miami ; B, Western Reserve ; T, Transylvania ; A. Jef- ferson ; E, Princeton ; Z, Asbury ; H, Indiana ; ©, Mich- igan ; I, Wabash ; K, Williams. In the fall of 1847 there was trouble at Wabash Col- lege. The Beta chapter naturally initiated the fore- most men of the college. This caused jealousy on the part of the outsiders and resulted in the establishment of a rival secret society, whose sole aim was to oppose the Betas. Party feeling ran high, and some unusually flagrant violation of college laws caused the faculty to act toward the delinquents somewhat harshly. The students claimed that this was showing a marked par- tiality to the Betas on the part of the faculty. The Betas offered to leave the college in a body. This would have seriously crippled the college, and the faculty begged them not to do so. It was finally resolved to disband, upon condition that every other secret society should do so. At the same time, those of the members 36 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. who were not in favor of such a move met secretly and continued the orc^anization. The chapter finally ceased to exist in a few months, as new members could not be initiated. The convention of 1848 decided, in the light of this case, that no chapter could cease to exist by its own act. During the session of 1847-48, Miami University was not prosperous. An unpopular president and exacting faculty drove away many students, leaving S. S. Laws the only Beta in the field. Three of the Betas, E. H. Alunger, R. V. Moore and James Warnock. went to Centre College, Danville, Ky., and founded Lambda chapter there May 27, 1848. The regular convention of IStS, which was the third triennial, met August 8, at Hudson, O. The Western Reserve, Michigan, Williams and Centre chapters alone were represented. The A A chapter at Western Re- serve was invited to attend the public exercises, and did so. This convention enacted that a chapter could only be established by a unanimoiis vote of all the existing chapters. It also gave power to the presiding chapter to call a special convention at any time, if three-fourths of the active chapters should suggest it. The convention, while substituting the word "col- leges" for "places" as the location for chapters took the inconsistent action of passing the following resolution : Resolved. l'>y the Beta Thcta Pi in convention assembled. That the Ann Arbor chapter of this association is not depending THE BROWN CHAPTER. 37 upon the University of Michigan for support, and therefore is not under the jurisdiction of the laws of that college. This was in order to allow the Michij^an chapter to escape the efifect of the anti-fraternity laws which had been recently enacted at Ann Arbor, This convention also prescribed a series of regulations concerning the course to be undertaken by petitioners for chapters, enacted that no preparatory students should be admitted to the fraternity, and appointed a committee to draft a ritual. Western Reserve was made the presiding chapter and was ordered to prepare a catalogue of the members of the association. The roll of chapters was rearranged, as follows : A, Miami ; B, Western Reserve ; r, Jefferson ; A, Asbury; E, Indiana; Z, Michigan; H, Wabash; 0, Williams ; I, Centre. May 8, 1849, through the efforts of A. P. Carpenter, of the Williams chapter. Kappa was established at Brown University with a large membership — too large, as events subsequently proved, for the development of close friendship and loyalty. April 34, 1850, the Lamb- da, the first fraternity chapter in Virginia, was estab- lished at Hampden-Sidney College through the efforts of Charles Martin and William H, West, of the Jeffer- son chapter. In the meantime the chapter at Wabash, being unable to initiate, had become extinct, and the Michigan chapter had been driven out of the university through hostile legislation, the ruse of claiming a non-collegiate mem- 38 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. bership not being able to save them. The Miami chap- ter, going down with the college, finally succumbed, and the Indiana chapter declined and died for causes un- known. In the fall of 1850, therefore, there were chap- ters at Western Reserve, Jeflferson, Asbury, Williams, Centre, Brown and Hampden-Sidney only. At this time the Brown chapter entered into a cork- spiracy to desert the fraternity. In this move they were led by Melancthon Storrs and Delano A. Goddard, who learning that A A $ had had a chapter at Brown from 1836 to 1841, determined to try and secure a charter to revive it. The Brown chapter induced the Williams chapter to act with them, and also to petition the A A for a charter. At that time A A was much stronger in numbers and chapters than B 11 ; it had chapters at Hamilton, Yale, Amherst, Harvard, Hobart, Western Reserve, Bowdoin. Dartmouth, Michigan and Rochester to oppose to the Betas' seven widely scattered colleges, and no doubt the members of the Brown and Williams chap- ters thought they were bettering their condition by get- ting into an older and more compact society ; but nevertheless, the taint of disloyalty pervades the trans- action, and leaves it inexcusable in high-minded men. The Brown chapter had no alumni, but the Wiliams chapter had, and they protested in vain against the de- sertion. The loyal alumni did not accept the invitation to join the A A $, and the fraternity has long held their memories in peculiar esteem. It was at this gloomy juncture that the fourth trien- THE CONVENTION OF 1851. 39 nial assembled at Pittsburg. August 7, 1851, under the auspices of the Jefferson chapter. Only the Jefferson and Western Reserve chapters were represented. The committee on ritual reported that it was inexpedient to adopt any general form of initiation, as the varied cir- cumstances of the different chapters might require modi- ncations in such a form. The committee on periodical reported that, while the interests of the association would no doubt be furthered by the publication "of a periodical in the style of the best three dollar monthlies, under the patronage of the association, and edited by one of the members, who should receive sufficient compensation to enable him to devote all his attention to that duty," that, in view of the small number of chapters represented at the con- vention, the presiding chapter had better correspond with the chapters about the matter, and report to the next convention. The Williams, Brown, Wabash and Indiana chapters were declared defunct, and the names of their members were ordered to be transferred to the roll of the Western Reserve chapter. A resolution was adopted "that, in view of the recent breach upon our association, we should suggest the propriety of a judicious extension of Beta Theta Pi, mainly at the west." The chapters were urged to appoint their best men as recorders, on account of their representative character, and to preserve all let- ters received and copies of all sent, for future reference. Gamma, at Jefferson, was made the presiding chapter, 40 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. and the roll was not rearranged, the names of the chap- ters remaining as follows : A, Miami ; B, Western Re- serve ; r, Jefferson ; A, Asbury ; Z, Michigan ; I, Centre ; A, Hampden-Sidncy. The Miami and Michigan chapters were not active, but it was hoped that they would soon be revived, and so they were not formally declared defunct. This convention also adopted the "grip," which was in general use for years, and placed upon the Jefferson chapter the burden of preparing the fraternity's cata- logue. The following was added to the form of obligation taken at initiation. I solemnly promise that if at any time my connection with the Beta Theta Pi be dissolved, that I will never reveal anything of the nature, objects or business of the association. In April, 1852, the Miami chapter was revived, and at once took up the work of the fraternity with renewed zeal. On the ^Sth of this month the Eta was established at the University of North Carolina by William F. Green, of Jefferson. The Jefferson chapter announced it to the Miami chapter as follows : June 3. 1852. The resuscitation of the Miami chapter, the old "Alpha" * * * is an event which to us was as gratifying as it was unexpected * * *. I have also the pleasure of informing you of the birth of a new chapter at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Tt was founded l)y William F. Green, one of our old members. They now number five — Junius I. Scales, John N. Morehead, N. E. Scales, George N. Thompson and K. M. Mur- chisbn (Recorder). THE OHIO WESLEYAN CHAPTER. 41 This chapter were eager to work for the fraternity, and were anxious to see it extended. In October they wrote : You speak of instituting a chapter at Hanover College, in Indiana, which I need hardly say meets with our entire appro- bation. We are anxious to hear of a chapter being in every col- lege of high standing in the United States. In future, when you desire to institute a chapter at any college, you may consider our votes as for it, leaving it to your discretion. We think we prob- ably can extend chapters further south in a short while — in South Carolina. Alabama and Georgia. During this year the presiding chapter also made ef- forts to estabhsh chapters at Centenary College, La., Oakland College, Miss., and Beloit, Wis., and discussed the advisability of entering Marietta, Franklin & Mar- shall and Lafayette, but without tangible result. In March, 1853, the Miami chapter took active steps toward establishing a chapter at Ohio Wesleyan, and in- itiated James H. Hills with that end in view, the follow- ing being the minutes of the meetings recording the transactions : March 2, 1853. Mr. James H. Hills, of Ohio Wesleyan University, having been proposed as a suitable candidate for membership of the order, on motion chapter balloted upon his election. March 3, 18^3. Chapter met in Fullerton, Galbraith and McDill's room. Pres- ident in the chair. All the members present except McClung. Chapter then proceeded to the initiation of Mr. Jas. H. Hills, who was elected at a previ«us meeting. Among the instructions given by the president was an injunction to attempt the planting 42 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. of a chapter at Ohio Weslcyan University, with which he is connected, as soon as practicable. Chapter adjonrned. T. A. FuLLERTON. Pvcs. C. D. Caldwell, Rec. The chapter was estabHshed April 17, 1853, and was called the "0." The IDtii of the next month a chapter was established at Hanover College, Indiana, and a little later in the year the Ohio University chapter was re- vived, while the Michigan chapter was revived in the spring of 185 i. The regular triennial convention met at Cincinnati, August 1<). 1851. The Miami, Western Reserve, Jeffer- son, Asbury, Centre, Hanover and Ohio University chapters were represented. The Western Reserve chapter being in a poor condition, owing to a decline in the affairs of the college, was represented by George Hoadley, an alumnus of some years' standing. The Jefferson chapter reported that they had collected $250 toward defraying the expenses of publishing the catalogue. The committee on periodical made the usual report, stating that while it would be of benefit to have a periodical devoted to the interests of the fraternity, noth- ing could be done at that time in regard to it. The com- mittee on chapters and charters reported that the Michi- gan chapter had been revived, and recommended, in view of the confusion attending the re-naming of the chapters, "that hereafter when a chapter is declared by a conven- tion to be defunct, it thereby loses its name and seal, but can be revived at any time bv the action of any one chapter of the association ;" and the roll was rearranged DELTA AS PRESIDING CHAPTER. 43 as follows: A, Miami; B, Western Reserve; r, Jeffer- son ; A, Asbury ; E, Centre ; Z, Hampden-Sidney ; H, North Carolina ; 0, Ohio Wesleyan ; I, Hanover ; K, Ohio ; A, Michigan.^ The task of publishing the catalogue was imposed upon the Miami chapter ; Asbury was made the presiding chapter, and the conventions were made biennial. Wm. M. Scott, of Princeton, George Hoadly, of Western Re.- serve, and Schuyler Colfax, of Asbury, were appointed a committee to draft a ritual. It is not known that they ever reported on the subject. The Asbury chapter began its administration with vigor. Mu chapter was established at Cumberland Uni- versity, Lebanon, Tenn., in October, 1854, through the efforts of members of the Centre chapter. Nu chapter was founded at Washington College, Pa., in January, 1855, by Wm. M. Stewart and John H. Sherrard. Sev- eral students at Washington College had from time to time become members of Gamma chapter at Jefferson College. Finally, a regular petition was sent in and granted, and the chapter started with four charter mem- bers. In April, 1855, Xi chapter was established at Knox College, Galesburg, 111., by Samuel Caldwell of Peoria, 111., who was urged to take such a step by friends in the Jefferson chapter. Omicron chapter was placed at the University of Virginia in May, 1855, by Richard Mcll- waine and L. L. Holladay, of the Hampden-Sidney ' These names are still retained by the chapters in question except those at North Carolina and Ohio. 44 llANDBUOK OF BETA THETA PI. cha])tcr. and Pi was the name given to the chapter at indiana University, revived in June, ISSo. by M. C. Hes- ter, R. R. Hitt, Wm. M. Springer and others, of Asbury, Rho chapter was founded at Washington College, Lex- ington, \a., (now Washington-Lee University), by Thomas L. Preston, of the \"irginia chapter. February 12, 185(). The Hudson chapter was undergoing serious re- verses, owing to a crisis in the affairs of Western Re- serve, and Iota, at Hanover College, was hindered by anti-fraternity laws, and ran ,s-/(/' rosa from this time until 18(;2. The first biennial convention met at Louisville, Ky., August 13-15, 1856. Delegates were present from Mi- ami, Jefferson, Asbury, Centre, North Carolina, Ohio Wesleyan. Hanover, Ohio, Cumberland, \\'ashington (Pa.), and Indiana. The convention was an extremely enthusiastic one. The new and handsome catalogue, the first issued by the fraternity, was presented to the delegates, and Miami chapter was requested to collect the small amount due for its publication. Few changes were made in the con- stitution. Some of the secret work was modified, a new pass word was introduced, and regulations were passed looking to a more frequent interchange of letters and a better consolidation of the government. The "Beta Waltz,'' by Mrs. Kate Hunter, was officiallv recognized and adopted with thanks. The committee on periodical reported the inadvisability of establishing one, but proposed that the fraternity purchase an interest in THE CONVENTION OF 1858. 45 some existing journal. A secondary badge in the form of a watch-key was recommended. Zeta, at Hampden- Sidney College, was made presiding chapter. In September, 1856, Sigma chapter was foimded at Illinois College, Jacksonville, 111., by Wm. M. Springer, of Asbury, and the next month the chapter at Wabash College was revived through the efforts of M. B. Shipp, who was initiated at Miami for that purpose. It was given the name of Tau. Zeta did not make a very efificient presiding chapter. It was too far away from the center of the fraternity to conduct a successful administration, but through its ef- forts two new chapters were established : Upsilon at South Carolina College, Columbia, S. C, January 3, 1858, and Phi at Davidson College, N. C, January 8, 1858. The convention of 1858, the second biennial, had been appointed to be held at Berkeley Springs, Va. By some unfortunate error the notices sent out misstated the time, and some of the delegates arrived too long before, and others too long after the intended time, to take part in the deliberations. The sessions lasted from August 13 to 16, 1858. Delegates were present from Washington (Pa.), Jefferson, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Centre and Cumber- land. The practice of amending the constitution at each general convention was condemned, and it was decreed that the enactments of the conventions should have the name and effect of laws, and should not be embodied in the constitution. The presiding chapter was declared to 46 HANDBOOK OF BETA Til ETA PI. be the onl\' proper body authorized to estabbsh chapters, and greater care was urged in extencHng the fraternity. In view of the fact tliat nearly all of the letters of the Greek alphabet had been em])loyed in naming the exist- ing chapters, the method of naming chapters was indefi- nitely extended by directing the use of the alphabet again with the letters doubled, and the use of the word "prime" to designate a defunct chapter was legalized. The alumni were declared to be amenable only to the general convention, and not to their individual chapters. The convention work, it was provided, should thereafter be conducted thr(nigh committees appointed by the pres- ident.^ North Carolina was made the presiding chapter. The chapters were urged to maintain a more frequent correspondence and to interchange reports semi-annu- ally. A new catalogue was ordered to be prepared by the Ohio chapter, who were directed to print 2,000 copies, and assess the chapters for the amount necessary to cover the outlay. The rule regarding expulsions was construed as follows: The delegate from Lambda, Bro. Johnson, asked the advice of the convention in regard to the case of two members of his chapter who had, since their initiation into B n, become attached to a society of similar nature at another college. "Several palliating circumstances and arguments were presented, but the unanimous vote of the 'This was a very imiiortaiit cliaiifjc. Previous to that time practically all tlic business of each convention had been conducted in a mass meeting, although an occasional committee had been appointed. CONSERVATISM FIRST MANIFESTED. 47 convention was that the offending brethren be expelled."^ The Jefferson chapter was ordered to compile the laws passed by previous conventions and send copies to the chapters. In September, 1858, when Zeta was preparing to turn her papers over to Eta as presiding chapter, the latter declined to accept the position, alleging that from the sudden overcrowding of the University of North Caro- lina with fraternities, good men were hard to get, and that their lease of life was more than doubtful. At this juncture, many of the chapt^-rs urged that Theta should become the presiding chapter, being the next in regular turn, but nothing was done about it, and Zeta continued to act until 1860. The fraternity^ quietly continued tO' build up its influence, and a much better spirit .md more busi- ness-like methods marked its progress. More conservative ideas were manifested in regard to the granting of new chapters. Petitions were presented to the chapters from North Western Christian University (now Butler Uni- versity) , the University of Nashville, and Oakland (Miss.), Beloit, Westminster (Mo.), and William and Mary Colleges, but none of them were granted. The only chapter established was Chi, which was placed at 2 Notwithstanding this action of the convention and the constitutional provision on the subject, many Betas going to college where there was no Beta chapter joined other fraternities with a full understanding with the latter that they should retain their membership in Beta Theta Pi. In some cases this action was tolerated by the Betas^ in others it was not. From the circumstances surrounding a number of such instances we draw the in- ference that when no disloyalty was intended the double membership was permitted, where disloyalty was known or suspected the member was ex- pelled. 48 HANDP.OOK OF BETA THETA PI. Oglethorpe University, Milledgcville, Ga., in June, 1859, by J. P. Graham, of Davidson, the petitioners compris- ing a local society called the "Epsilon." Late in 185!), the new catalogue was issued. The third biennial convention met at Columbus, O.. August 15, 18G0. Delegates were present from Miami, Jefferson, Asbury, Ohio Wesleyan, Hanover, Western Reserve, Michigan, Washington, (Pa.), Indiana, Wash- ington (Va.), Wabash and Davidson. All the chapters were reported to be in good condition except Eta, at the University of North Carolina, which liad not been making initiations, and was in a moril)und condition. The convention recommended that no senior should ever be made a corresponding secretary, probably to prevent the removal of a chapter's papers by the depart- ure of the incumbent. It also enacted that in case a des- ignated chapter refused to act as presiding chapter, the next chapter in the order of its establishment should act as such. A secondary badge was authorized by this con- vention, to be in the form of a watch key, displaying on one side the usual emblems of the badge and on the other side a harp and scroll, the owner's name, and the date and foundation of his chapter. The everlasting committee on "periodical" reported that as they could devise no feasible plan for the im-- mediate establishment of such a journal, they referred the matter back to the chapters for future consideration and action. Theta was made presiding chapter. Psi chapter was established at Bethany College, W. THE OUTBREAK OF THE WAR. 49 Va., December 9, 1860, through the efforts of A. T. Pope, of the Indiana chapter. The petitioners were in- itiated at Washington, Pa. Several of them had been the founders and members of a local society called A T A, which afterwards developed into the general fraternity of that name. A petition for a chapter at the Kentucky Military Institute was rejected early in 1861. The outbreak of the civil war now rendered the situ- ation of the chapters very precarious. Nearly all of the members of the chapters at South Carolina College, Davidson, Ogethorpe, Washington (Va.), and Univer- sity of Virginia enlisted in the Confederate service. A large number of the members of the Hampden-Sidney, Cumberland and Centre chapters did likewise. The same was true, though in a somewhat lesser degree, with the northern chapters and the Federal army. These chap- ters were seriously crippled by recruiting from their ranks. All communication between the North and South ceased, and Beta Theta Pi was deprived at once of eight chapters, while Bethany was in a very much weakened condition, and the rest hardly held their own. In May, 1863, a chapter was established at Beloit College, Wis., and by some oversight was given the name of "X," which belonged to the Oglethorpe chapter, instead of "n,'' in regular order. The convention of 1863 had been appointed to meet at the Mammoth Cave, Cave City, Ky., but Theta re- fused to call it on account of the war. Iota chapter at Hanover College should have become the presiding chap- 50 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA I'l. ter in lS(;t3, but this chapter was weak and sub rosa, and Theta retained the position until 1864. Omega chapter was established at the United States Naval Academy, then situated at Newport., R. T., May 2, 18(;;3, by Robert S, Ryors, H. W. McKee and Jtjhn G. Talbot, of the Centre chapter. It remained in existence a very short time. Secret societies were forbidden by a rule of the academy, and few initiations were made. The members were, one by one, ordered on active ser- vice, and the chapter soon died. The convention of 1864 met at Indianapolis July 19, Dele.c^ates were present from Miami, Western Reserve, Asbury, Hanover, Indiana, Ohio, Michig'an and Wabash. For some years prior to this convention there had been talk of forming a union of some kind between Beta Theta Pi and Psi Upsilon. No formal communications had passed between the fraternities, and probably no official action of any kind had been taken concerning it; but a correspondence had been carried on between memr bers and chapters of the two fraternities, and it had been perceived on both sides that if some sort of a confeder- ation could be agreed upon, the western fraternity would secure strong eastern connections, and the eastern one strong western connections. The war had greatly crip- pled Beta Theta Pi, while Psi Upsilon, having no south- ern chapters and none, in fact, south of New York city, was scarcely, if at all, affected by it, and it was felt by many Betas just at this time that perhaps it would be to the advantage of the fraternity if some such arrange- THE CONVENTION OF 18G4. 51 ment could be made. The Michigan and Western Re- serve chapters both of which were in active competition with fraternities of eastern origin were anxious to se- cure this alHance, and the legislation of the convention of 1864 must be viewed with this state of fact in mind. The convention enacted that there should be no cata- logue published until 186G, that the Western Reserve chapter should prepare and publish a song book, and that the Miami chapter should compile the catalogue, especially of the members of the inactive chapters. It was also recommended that the presiding chapter should appoint a committee to visit any set of petitioners for a chapter, slliould one-third of the chapters reques)t it. Pending petitions from Allegheny and Monmouth Col- leges were rejected. One resolution was passed that "the B © n fraternity does not deem it for her best interests to establish chapters in eastern institutions," and another "that a committee of two shall be appointed by the chair to prepare an address to the ^ Y fraternity, and which shall be presented to the next convention for approval." Michigan was made the presiding chapter. The con- ventions were changed from biennial to annual, and the next convention was appointed to be held at Ann Arbor, Mich., January 25, 1865. CHAPTER 111. HISTORY- 1865 TO 1871. Proui the Close of the War to the Revival of the Centre Chapter. Durincr tlic remainder of the year 18(J4, the Michigan chapter bent all of its energies toward the furtherance of the alliance with Psi Upsilon. In pursuance of this plan, John B. Root, who had been its delegate at the con- vention of 1864, visited a number of the Psi U. chapters. He met with little encouragement, but it was intimated that a petition from the Michigan chapter alone would be favorably received. The hint was acted upon. Such a petition was secretly prepared by a portion of the chap- ter and was granted, and the disloyal and treacherous contingent was initiated into Psi Upsilon, January 2(), 18Go. the day after that set for the holding of the con- vention of B TT. The traitorous members returned the chapter records to the Miami chapter, and the latter assumed the func- tions of the presiding chapter temporarily, as apj^ears from the following entry in the record book of the Ohio chapter, under date of January 23, 18()5 : Called meeting. Correspondence was read from .Alpha, stat- ing that Lamda had resigned her charter and sent her papers to (52) THE CONVENTION OF 18()5. 53 Alpha, and withdrawn from the Beta fraternit.v, saying, "in her opinion B 11 was on the decline, and she thought she could better preserve her dignity by withdrawing from the fraternity." In these same records there is also another letter from Alpha, stating that at the request of the "old members" of Lambda she had assumed the authority of presiding chapter, and had called a convention to meet in Detroit. Many of the men who thus basely deserted the fra- ternity in its time of trial, when it was crippled by the war, have become prominent in after life ; but nothing can ever remove from them the stain of deliberate dis- loyalty, and the violation of not only solemn pledges of fraternal support and friendship, but also of the con- fidence reposed in them, which had made their chapter the executive head of the fraternity. Some twelve of the alumni of the chapter influenced by relatives and friends among the undergraduates also accepted honorary mem- bership in the Psi U. chapter thus formed, but the re- maining seventy-five of them wece mindful of their ob- ligations. The convention of 1865 met at Detroit, February 1st. 1865. Its legislation was, of course, colored by the de- sertion of the Michigan chapter. Delegates were pres- ent from Miami, Western Reserve, Centre, Ohio Wes- leyan, Hanover, Michigan, Indiana, Asbury and Wabash. Miami chapter was directed to compile and publish the catalogue, and Iota chapter, at Hanover, was made the presiding chapter. It was enacetd that if at any time the presiding chapter should refuse or neglect to 54 IIANDBOCJK OF BETA TIIIiTA PI. act as such, that tlic oldest existing chapter should as- sume the function of presicHng chapter. The one loyal member of the Michigan chapter was complimented by the following resolution, unanimously adopted: Resolz'cd, That we, the members of the U O 11 convention, do appreciate and approve of the course taken by Ed. C. Boudinot, in regard to the late disgraceful action of the members of Lamb- da chapter, and in consideration thereof we do hereby extend to him our heartfelt thanks for his manly bearing in maintaining the dignity and honor of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. The resolution of the convention of 18(J4, relative to the inexpediency of placing chapters in eastern colleges, was revoked, as was also the resolution relative to fram- ing an address to the ^ Y fraternity. The following reso- lutions concerning the conduct of the Michigan men were also adopted : Resolved, That the following persons (naming the disloyal members), formerly members of this fraternity, liaving, in join- ing the Psi Upsilon society, by their own action expelled them- selves from the Beta Theta Pi, we, the delegates in annual con- vention assembled, accept and ratify the expulsion which they have forced upon us, and declare tliem no longer members of the Beta Theta Pi. Resolved, That the existing chapters of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity learn with deep regret the serious disorganization in Lamlxla chapter of the fraternity ; that we regard this alienation of affection as partly owing to a neglect in cultivating those feel- ings of mutual co-operation among the chapters and fidelity to one another which are the essence and spirit of the constitution. Resolved, That >ve will make an earnest endeavor to maintain a chapter of B 6 II at Michigan University, and in order to ac- complish this we recommend the several cliapters to endeavor to Hanover's administration. 55 send some true Greeks to receive their degrees at the University of Michigan, and aid in the building up of the chapter. It was also ruled by this convention that in case of a dispute between two chapters, the presiding chapter should hear and determine the matter. It will be noted that at this time the only chapters in existence were : A, Miami ; B, Western Reserve ; r, Jef- ferson ; 0, Ohio Wesleyan ; K, Ohio ; T, Wabash ; E, Knox ; 11, Indiana ; 2, Illinois ; *, Bethany ; X, Beloit ; fi, the Naval Academy. Iota did excellent work as presiding chapter. Its po- sition was one of difificulty and delicacy in the then crit- ical position of the fraternity. Its first action was an investigation into the status of the Beta chapter at West- ern Reserve College. This chapter had joined with the Lambda at Michigan to promote the proposed union with 4' Y, and after the desertion of the Michigan chap- ter it was rumored that the only reason the Beta chapter was not then in Psi Upsilon was because the latter had declined the connection. Iota put the question squarely to Beta, and received "an explanation entirely satis- factory," as she put it in her report. Bethany college had become crippled by the war, and the two Betas representing the Psi chapter had not the courage to go on, writing as follows : Bethany College. February 25. 1863. Your fears as to our chapter having played out have been real- ized, since, I am sorry to inform you, our chapter is not organ- ized this year. There are but two of us here this fall — Bro. Hall 5() PIANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. and myself, and \vc have made no effort to reorganize. It is not possible now to explain the reasons why we have not done so. No one could appreciate them unless placed among the same circumstances. We would not, however, be forgotten by our friends, and although it does not come within the scope of your duties, we should be glad to have you write to us occasionally and post us on events. We have had no intelligence for a long time of the movements of the society, and are almost entirely igrorant of its affairs. J. L. Pinkerton. In September, 1865, a petition was received for a chapter at Monmouth College, Illinois, and the action of the fraternity being favorable, the chapter was formally established December 23, 18G5, by J. E. Moffatt, of In- diana, and George L. Spinning, of Hanover, being given the name of "A A." A petition from the Northwestern Christian Univer- sity at Indianapolis (now Butler University), received the favorable votes of the chapters, and in October G. F. Hippard and J. G. Blake were appointed a committee to establish the chapter, but, upon investigation, they de- cided that it was inexpedient to do so, and returned the charter. In September, also, the chapter at Washington, Pa., was declared extinct and removed to Canonsburg, Pa., the site of Jefferson College, and was thereafter called Gamma. We anticipate a little in saying that when Washington and Jefferson Colleges were united under the name of Washington & Jefferson the site of the united college was fixed at Washington, Pa., and the chapter was sometimes called r, sometimes N, and in REVIVAL IN THE SOUTH. 57 1873 r N. Since 1876 the chapter has been called by its old name of r. November 4, 1865, F. C. Wilson, of the Rko chapter at Washington College, Va., officially informed the pre- siding chapter that the college had been reopened and the chapter reorganized. Later in the month Omicron. at the University of Virginia, and Mu, at Cumberland, imparted similar glad tidings. The Naval Academy chapter became inactive in December 1865 and Beloit and Illinois were practically dead. In December, Louis H. Jackson, the last initiate of the Illinois chapter, who had moved to the University of Iowa, requested authority to establish a chapter there. His request, when placed before the chapters, received favorable action, but the establishment of the chapter was delayed. In November, a petition for the reviv- al of the chapter at Cincinnati in the law school was placed before the chapters, and received five negative and five affirmative votes, and in January, 1866, was de- clared rejected. In March, 1866, a request was received from Z. D. Harrison, of the X chapter, at Ogelthorpe University, for permission to reorganize that chapter. He was in- formed that as he was the only surviving member of the chapter and had possession of its records, he needed no other authority to act. The chapter, however, was for- tunately never reestablished, and the institution itself ceased to exist shortly thereafter. In May, 1866, a communication was received from D. 58 IIANUJJUUK OF BETA TIIETA PI. J. JcMikins, of Auburn, N. Y., stating that he dcsij^ied to publish a book on "Secret Sjcieties in Collej^^es," and asking for information concerning the fraternity. .Sub- sequently he stated that he would l)e una))k' to j^uhlish the proposed book. As Miami had but one memlier during the year, the presiding chapter relieved him of the duty of publishing the catalogue, and took posession of the MSS. The steel plate from which tlie frontisj^iece was printed was burned with Pike's opera house at Cincinnati, and the catalogue of ISGG was consequently ])ublished with a poor lithograph copy of the design. Iota made strenuous efforts to revive the chapters at Centre, Hampden-Sidney, Davidson, and North and South Carolina, but met with no immediate success. The convention of IHliii was held May 1 and 2, at the Spencer House, Cincinnati. Delegates were present from Miami, Western Reserve, Asbury, Ohio Wesleyan, Hanover, Ohio, Cumberland, Jefferson, Wabash. Knox and Indiana, and Centre was allowed representation, though inactive. A committee on ritual was appointed, and Asbury chapter was directed to collect the money to pay for the song book. A pro])osition to unite with Z 4' was decisively negatived. Kappa, at ( )hio Univer- sity, was made the presiding chapter for the next year. The legislation of this convention was not very impor- tant. The lesson of the establishment of two chapters named X was heeded in the enactment that "New chapters shall hr cstablislied, and cliartcrs and copies of THE CATALOGUE OF 1866. 59 the constitution furnished, only by the presiding chapter, or by its order, and no chapter shall recognize a new chapter until in- formed of its estabhshment by the presiding chapter." It was also enacted that chapters should thereafter be named by doubling the letters of the Greek alphabet, viz., AA, BB, rr, AA, etc., and that the priority of the chapters should be determined by the date otf the^r foundation and not by their alphabetical designation. The convention concluded with the delivery of a spirited poem by Hon. James B. Black, Asbury, '61, en- titled the "Battle of Cedar Creek," and a banquet. Early in 1866, a new edition of the catalogue was published. We shall describe the book somewhat fully in another place. It showed that the fraternity had, at the time of its compilation, 1,675 members. The administration of Kappa, which extended to April, 1867, was uneventful. The chapter at the Uni- versity of Iowa was established in the spring of 1866, under the name of BB. During this year, also, the Hampden-Sidney chapter was revived, through the ef- forts of E. H. Barnett, an alumnus of the chapter, and R. H. Nail, of the Oglethorpe chapter, who were at- tending the theological seminary located at the same place. Edwin H. McAulay also revived the Davidson chapter. It lived but a short time, however, due to the enforcement of strict anti-fraternity laws. January 18, 1867, the rr chapter was established at Wittenberg College, Springfield, O., and a little later this was fol- lowed by AA at Westininster College, Fulton, Mo. The 60 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. petition from the Northwestern Christian University, again presented to the fraternity, was rejected. The convention of ISCiT met at Indianapolis April 9 and 10, the president being Gen. John Coburn, the founder of the Wabash chapter. The convention was well attended and enthusiastic, but as the presiding chapter only prepared and sent to the chapters a meager synopsis of its legislative enactments in place of the minutes, we know little about the details of its work. The feature by which it will be best remembered was a, proposition by D. H. Moore, Ohio, 'GO, that the frater- nity should build a $10,000 temple at Oxford, Ohio. It may be said here that the proposition was unfavorably acted upon by the convention ot ISHH. Amendments were made to the constitution eliminat- ing all of the esoteric work of the fraternity from its records, providing that the president of each convention should be an alumnus, and permitting the cstablishmeni: of alumni chapters, giving the latter no power to elect or initiate new members. The establishment of a fra- ternity magazine was also discussed. Mu, at Cumber- land University, was made the presiding chapter, and the convention of 18G8 was fixed to meet at the Mam- mouth Cave, Kentucky. During the year 1867-68, much work was done in the matter of consolidating the fraternity. Petitions for chapters were received from the Virginia Military In- stitute, the University of Georgia, Washington Univer- sity, Iowa Wesleyan University and Yale College. The THE CONVENTION OF 1868. 61 last two were favorably acted upon, and EB was estab- lished at Iowa Wesleyan in March, 1868. The Yale matter was placed in the hands of George H. Perkins, Knox, '67, afterwards a professor in the University of Vermont and the State Entomologist, who was then a student at Yale. He finally reported that he was unable to establish the proposed chapter. Applications for alumni chapters at Nashville ajid Clarks/ville, Tenn., were favorably acted upon, and the former was estab- lished under the name of ZZ. During this year, the Jefiferson chapter was crippled by the passage of anti- fraternity laws, and the Ohio University chapter was laboring under a similar disadvantage. The Miami and Hanover chapters were each reduced to very small num- bers, and the Davidson chapter became extinct. The place of holding the convention of 1868 was changed by the presiding chapter, the others consenting, to Nashville, Tenn., and it was held there July 1-1, 15 and 16, the sessions being held in the Senate Chamber of the State capitol. Delegates were present from As- bury, Hampden-Sidney, Ohio Wesleyan, Cumberland, Washington & Lee, Wabash, Jefferson, Miami, West- ern Reserve, Hanover, Virginia, Nashville Alumni and Centre (inactive). The convention placed the matter of compiling and publishing a song book in the hands of the Western Reserve chapter. It also directed the publication and distribution of its minutes. The buildmg of the Beta temple was postponed indefinitely, as little had been 62 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. subscribed for the purpose and less paid in. A ritual was adopted, and the new presiding chapter was directed to furnish the chapters with copies. Springfield, Ohio, was chosen as the next place of meeting, and Xi chai)ter at Knox College, was made the presiding chapter. This convention provided a means of raising revenue for the current expenses of the fraternity by levymg an annual tax of one dollar upon each member of every chapter, undergraduate and alumni ; it also prescribed a form for the credentials of the delegates to the conventions, and appointed a committee to design a grand seal. The ses- sion concluded with an eloquent address by Hon. James W. Blackmore, Centre, '63, Cumberland, 'GT, which was ])ublished in full in the minutes of the convention. The administration of the Knox chapter was as vigor- ous and successful as the work of an undergraduate chapter could be. As was then the custom, after learn- ing that chapters might possibly be established at sev- eral institutions, the question was ])ut l)eforc the chap- ters as to whether permission would be given to estab- lish chapters at such institutions irrespective of the pcr- soncl of the proposed charter members, the character and standing of the institution itself being alone con- sidered. In this manner permission was granted to es- tablish chapters at the Virginia Military Institute, Den- ison University, Washington University (Mo.), the Uni- versity of Chicago and the University of Kentucky, and for an alumni chapter at Chicago. The chapter at Denison was established December THE DENISON CHAPTER. 63 33, 1868. The petitioners had constituted a chapter of K A, a fraternity which had several chapters in Penn- sylvania, Ohio and Michigan, and which had disinte- grated. The Denison chapter, which was called H H, was obliged to run sub rosa on account of the existence of stringent anti-fraternity laws. The V. M. I. chapter was called © 0. The early members had been initiated by the chapter at Washington & Lee, and had been care- fully selected, so that it started well equipped for fra- ternity work. It has a remarkable scholarship record, and one of its early members was the founder of the fra- ternity magazine. The chapter at Washington University was called T I. It flourished for a short time but it never was fully or- ganized, though it gave some fine men to the fraternity, notably Governor Francis, of Missouri. It was revived in 1900 and is now in good condition. The Chicago Alumni chapter was not named A A, as it should have been if precedent were followed, but was called "Alpha Alumni" chapter, the presiding chapter stating as the reason that "alumni chapters cannot be expected to have the same energy and to maintain a correspondence equal with college chapters, and we could not expect to impose upon them the duties of a presiding chapter ; so that it seems to us very proper that their letters siiould be given them separate from those of the college chapters, for ex- ample. Alpha Alumni, Beta Alumni."' This method was adopted by the next convention. The proposed chapter at the University of Chicago, 64 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. called the A A, was attempted to be formed by Charles R. Henderson and Charles Calkins, who were initiated as its charter members. When they sought to increase their membership, however, they learned that chapters of some four other fraternities had been already organized mak- ing it difficult to secure the proper kind of men. One of their pledged men left college, and, despite the efforts of the Chicago Alumni to assist, no real progress was made and the chapter although given a place on the roll actti- ally never had any real activity. A chapter at the Uni- versity of Kentucky was not established, by the advice of two Beta members of the faculty, on account of anti-fra- ternity laws. It will be remembered that the loyalty of the Beta chapter at Western Reserve was suspected after the de- sertion of Lambda in 1865, and that it was called to ac- count by the Iota chapter and made "an entirely satis- factory explanation" of its attitude. The suspicion proved, nevertheless, to be well founded. The chapter had for three years been plotting to desert the rraternity. and though it pcrfomied its duties and was outwardly loyal. at the same time, some of its members were petitioning other eastern fraternities. Their petition was finally ac- oepted by Delta Kappa Epsilon. The chapter was ex- pelled by a formal vote of the fraternity, and notices to that effect were published in several western journals. As stated, the loyalty of the chapter had been suspected, and their action was discounted and had little if any ef- fect on the general fraternity. The traitors, less honor- \ THE CONVENTION OF 1869. 65 able even than their predecessors at Ann Arbor, would not return the documents and records of the old Beta chapter, neither would they sitate precisely who had joined in the movement, boldly claiming that the alumni of the chapter had sanctioned and approved of their course, and had entered into the new relation with them.^ In the absence of an adequate central authority, this de- ception proved effective, and the alumni of Beta were generally shunned as traitors, until the work of the com- mittee on the 1881 catalogue proved that they had been misrepresented, and that most of them were loyal. The convention of 1869 met at Columbus, O., July 7, 8 and 9, 1869, the place of meeting having been changed from Springfield by a vote of the chapters. Gen. Robert W. Smith, Williams, '51, was president, and delegates were present from Miami, Asbury, Hanover, Ohio Wes- leyan, Ohio, Cumberland, Wittenberg, Indiana, Virginia, Monmouth, Wabash, Westminster, Iowa Wesleyan, Den- ison, Chicago and the Chicago Alumni. The convention did little work of importance. It passed a resolution requesting the co-operation of other similar societies to bovcott educational institutions where ' Since this act of treachery the fraternity has been free from such experiences. During the years about which we have been writing Beta Theta Pi was admitted to be the best of the western fraternities and it was natural enough for societies like those mentioned to seek to secure chapters ready made rather than to build them up. In a somewhat similar manrier Psi Upsilon enticed the Wisconsin Chapter of Phi Kappa Psi aside from its allegiance and D. K. E. did the same to the Minnesota Chapter of Phi Delta Theta while the Williams Chapter of Phi Gamma Delta deserted to Zeta Psi and the Chicago Chapter of Sigma Nu to Chi Psi. These things are caused by the undergraduates placing false value upon certain promi- nent and not always desirable features of the fraternities concerned. Beta Theta Pi has many times received petitions from recreant chapters of other fraternities but has uniformly rejected them. 66 HANDBOOK OF BETA THFTA PI. anti-fraternity laws were existing. The scheme for pnb- hshing" a monthly fraternity masj^azine was urged by the delegate from the Cumberland chapter, was referred to a committee, and postponed To the consideration of some subsequent meeting of tlie fratern- ity in convention, when, by the re-estabHshment of numerous chapters in the south, and new chapters in other parts of the country, tlic triumph of so large an enterprise may be better secured. It was directed that every fifth convention should be called a quinquennial, and that the catalogue should be published immediately after each such convention, begin- ning with 1870. Asbury, which had been appointed a com- mittee to publish the song book in place of Beta, reported little progress, and the Wabash and Indiana chapters were added to the committee. The method of naming the alumni chapters suggested by the presiding chapter was adopted. This convention also adopted a grand seal, of which the follow'ing was the technical description: "Argent, in sinister chief, a book or, bearing crossed swords and key ; proper a bend cottised azure bearing three mullets, or, and in dexter base, a wreath surround- ing clasped hands, supporting a heart inflamed, all proper." Omicron, at the University of X^rginia, was made the presiding chapter. The convention adjourned to meet at Chicago. It is interesting to note the condition of the chapters as to numbers reported at this convention. The number ADMINISTRATION OF OMICRON. 67 in each chapter was as follows : Miami 6, Washington & Jefferson 5, Asbury 18, Hampden-Sidney 4, Ohio Wes- leyan 18, Hanover 8, Ohio 9, Cumberland 12, Knox 7, Virginia 13, Indiana 12, Washington & Lee 6. Monmouth 9, Iowa 5, Wittenberg 13, Westminster 8, Iowa Wesleyan 13.. Denison 11, Washington (Mo.) 7, V. M. I. 10, Chicago 3. The aver- age number of members was in reality too small to do effective work, provide adequate financial resources, or to maintain a chapter when subject to the usual accidents of college experience. The chapters scarcely then realized that while two or three might prove an ideal chapter in its harmonious unity, it was devoid of strength. The administration of the Virginia chapter was un- eventful. The re-establishment of the chapters at David- son, Centre, Michigan, North and South Carolina and Bethany was urged but the condition of the southern colleges did not warrant it. The Universities of Missis- sippi and Georgia were also considered and abandoned as fields for extension. A petition from Simpson Centenary College, Indian- ola, Iowa, was rejected, and one from the University of the Pacific at Santa Clara, California, was granted, but was withheld by the presiding chapter and the chap- ter was not established. A petition for the estab- lishment of an alumni chapter at Louisville failed to receive the favorable action of a sufficient number of chapters to warrant issuing a charter. The convention of 1870 met at Chicago August 31. 68 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. 1870, the session lasting- three days. Delegates were present from Miami, Asbury, Hampden-Sidney, Ohio Wesleyan, Hanover, Ohio, Cumberland, Knox, Indiana, Wabash, Monmouth, Iowa, Wittenberg. Iowa Wesleyan. Denison, and Washington (Mo.), and from the Chicago alumni chapter. At this convention, the question of double member- ship again arose. It was ascertained that two of the dele- gates — Showalter, of Ohio, and Seaman, of Demson, — were members of eastern societies which they had joined after leaving the colleges where they were initiated into Beta Theta Pi, Showalter of Psi I^psilon and Seaman of Alpha Delta Phi. Tt was first ruled by the convention that "on account of their undoubted loyalty to B IT. expressed under all circumstances, they were admitted to the full privileges of the convention." The matter was then referred to a committee, whose report, which was adopted, read as follows : We are of the opinion that all members of the Beta Theta Pi, who have joined organizations of a somewhat similar character should be regarded still as Betas, so long as they pledge fidelity and fealty to B 11, and are willing to show such on all oc- casions. This resolution recognized a custom which, while con- trary to law, had existed since the origin of the fraternity. The manuscript of the catalogue, which had been com- piled almost unaided by Roger Williams, Miami, '70, was presented to the convention and the Alpha Alumni chapter was directed to print it. The Denison chapter THE CATALOGUE OF 1870. 69 was directed to compile and publish the song book and the presiding chapter required to send certified copies of the ritual and constitution to the several chapters. A general treasurer was also suggested, who should give a bond for the faithful performance of his duties, and who "should keep all the moneys of the fraternity, paying out the same only upon order of the convention by its president and secretary, or upon the authenticated order of the presiding chapter." This is noteworthy, from the fact that it was the first general officer provided for in any scheme of Beta government, but action was postponed indefinitely. The name of the Chicago University chapter was changed to Z Z, and that of the Nashville alumni chapter, formerly called Z Z, to Beta Alumni. Authority was given to W. R. Frame, Monmouth, '70, to reorganize the Princeton chapter. The organization of chapters at Northwestern and Wooster was recommended, and the re-establishment of the Michigan chapter. Pi, at the University of Indiana, was made the presiding chapter. Daniel W. Voorhees, Asbury '49, then a member o^ Congress and afterwards U. S. Senator from Indiana, was the orator before this convention. The catalogue was issued in the fall of 1870, was well printed, and quite up to the standard of similar contem- poraneous publications. The administration of the Indiana chapter was marked by general prosperity of the fraternity, the improvement of its internal methods, and plans for the establishment 70 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA I'l. of new chapters. Petitions were received from Rich- mond College, Franklin College (Ind.), Northwestern Christian University and Wooster University. In the lat- ter case two rival sets of petitioners claimed the attention of the fraternity, with the result that action on both was postponed. The Franklin and Northwestern Christian propositions were rejected, each on account of the low standard of the institution. The Richmond petition, though subsequently granted, did not obtain sufficient votes during this col- lege year of 1870-71. The usual abortive attempts to inquire into the condition of and revive the inactive chapters were made. Through the efforts of J. D. S. Riggs, of the Chicago chapter, steps were taken to resus- citate the Beloit chapter. During this year, the project of an alliance with some one of the eastern fraternities, whose standing and influ- ence were much exaggerated by a few persons interested, was much discussed. The subject had been brought be- fore the convention of 1870, but had been postponed. Alumni chapters were established during the year at Indianapolis and Cincinnati. llie convention of 1871 met at Indianapolis August 30, 1871, and was in session for three days. Its presi- dent was Hon. Oliver P. Morton, ex-Governor of Indi- ana, Miami '45. and delegates were present from Miami. Asbury, Ohio Wesleyan, Hanover, Ohio, Knox, Virginia, Indiana, Washington & Lee, Wabash. Monmouth, Wit- tenberg, Iowa Wesleyan, Denison and Washington, and THE CONVENTION OF 1871. 71 from the Chicago, Louisville and Indianapolis alumni chapters. Charles J. Seaman, who had been placed in charge of the publication of the song book, reported that the book would be published during the next college year. The presiding chapter deplored the amount of correspondence its position entailed, and asked for an appropriation to purchase a printing press, which was capped by an amendment from Harry C. Warren, Centre '58, that it be supplied with a telegraph outfit also, and both proposi- tions were laughed down. The thanks of the convention were extended to Roger Williams, Miami, '70, for his work in compiling the cata- louge, and to Olin R. Brouse, Asbury, '0(i, for superin- tending its publication. The committee on "Foreign Re- lations" reported as follows : "After a thorough investigation of the subject, we have come to the conclusion that an alliance with an eastern organization at the present is both impracticable and unnecessary, and that, al- though temporarily weakened by the defection of Beta and Lambda, we have by no means lost our hold in our own territory, the south and west; and if individual Betas and the different chapters will only keep in view Virgil's 'Labor omnia vincit,' our future is secure, and the Beta Theta Pi fraternity will rise to a still higher position of influence and power," and their report was unanimously adopted. The Miami chapter was instructed to submit to the next convention a design for a skeleton badge, and an amendment was made to the constitution that — 72 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. An alumni chapter may, by an unanimous vote, recommend a person for membersliip in the nearest cliapter located at a col- lege, and unon such recommendation, such college chapter may elect and initiate such person as a member of such college chapter in the manner provided elsewhere. We can recall no instance in whicli this privilege was exercised. Dr. John H. Lozier was requested to prepare the WoogHn Legend in its application to chapter life, and a resolution was passed thanking Miss Katie Randolph Sheets for dedicating the "Students' Galop" to the fra- ternity. Rho, at Washington & Lee, was made the presiding chapter, and the convention terminated by a banquet given by the resident alumni. CHAPTER IV. HISTORY, 1871 TO 1879. From the Adininistration of Pi to the Union with A 2 X. In the fall of 1871, Epsilon chapter, at Centre College, Ky., was re-established through the efforts of the Beta professors in the faculty. This had been a fine chapter, and maintained a high stand previous to the outbreak of the war. The chapter was divided by that struggle, and its members attained eminence in both contending armies. It ceased to exist in 1863, and remained dormant until its revival as mentioned. Rho, at Washington & Lee, which had been made the presiding chapter, was distant from the center of the fraternity, but its splendid personnel made light of this obstacle. The chapter straightened out the general cor- respondence of the fraternity, and placed it upon such a basis that the establishment of The Beta Theta Pi may be said to have resulted from it. It introduced business- like methods, and demanded of the chapters stricter at- tention to their duties. Rho felt that it was incumbent upon her to endeavor to resuscitate the dead chapters in the southern states, and a vigorous attempt was made in that direction. It was unsuccessful, except in the case of (73) 74 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. the Bethany chapter, which was revived through the ef- forts of the chapter at Washington, Pa. A large mass of information in regard to Northwestern University, the University of Georgia and Randolph-Macon College was collected and placed before the chapters, however, apro- pos of movements to place chapters in these institutions. A chapter called K K was placed at Richmond Col- lege, in December, 18T1, through the efforts of W. T. Thorn, of the presiding chapter; one called A A was es- tablished May 18, 1872, at Wooster University by the absorption of a local club. Late in the collegiate year of 1871-72, an alumnus of Z placed M M chapter at Howard College, Marion, Ala. This institution was under Bap- tist control, had a military organization and strict regu- lations against secret societies. Our chapter alternately weakened and flourished as these regulations were en- forced or relaxed. Its charter was finally withdrawn by the convention of 1880. Alumni chapters were organized at Cincinnati, O., and Richmond, Va., and an application from Franklin College, Ind., was rejected when placed before the chapters for action. During the college year Alpha, at Aliami University, had but one member, and finally became inactive. At Cumberland University the entire membership of the chapter left college. B B, at the University of Iowa, was torn by internal dissensions, and I I, at Washington Uni- versity, was practically inactive. 0, at Ohio Wesleyan, secured a new lease of life by the repeal of anti-fraternitv laws, mainly through the efforts of Rev. D. H. Moore, THE CONVENTION OF 1872. 75 Ohio, '60. The remainder of the active chapters were in good condition, securing good men, and showing great interest in their work. 11, at Indiana University, was in especially fine condition ; in fact, she stood so far above her rivals that one rival chapter made a proposition to join it in a body. The convention of 1872 met August 21, at Richmond. Va., under the auspices of the newly established college and alumni chapters situated there. Delegates were present ^ from Asbury, Hampden-Sidney, Hanover, Ohio, Washington & Jefiferson, Mrginia, Washington & Lee, Wabash, Bethany, Monmouth, Iowa Wesleyan, Den- ison, Virginia Military Institute, Richmond and Miami. The convention was successful, and equalled in enthusi- asm and good work many of the larger meetings held since. A skeleton badge was adopted, designed princi- pally for use by alumni, and new signs of recognition were chosen and the delegates instructed to report them to their chapters. A petition for the re-establishment of the Beloit chapter was granted, and petitions from Northwestern University and the University of Kan- sas were referred to the chapters for action. It was voted that the next convention be held at Louisville, Ky., and the Wabash chapter was made presiding chapter. 1 Since 1872 the minutes of the conventions have been printed. The roll of delegates to each convention will be found in a subsequent chapter of this book and reference may hereafter be made to that list for details of the attendance. 76 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. There were several points of fraternity administration considered at this convention which merit attention. 'J'he first was a request from the members of two cliapters for permission to place upon their rolls the names of men who had been elected, but who had died pending their initiation. This was granted, though the precedent seems unwise, because they were never members of the fra- ternity. The second was the initiation of a member into the fraternity by direct action of the convention. The circumstances were as follows : The chapter at the Virginia Military Institute had elected to membership a student. Henry Melville Jack- son, since Episcopal Bishop of Alabama, who was pre- vented from joining by private reasons, though during his college course he had been intimately associated with the members of the cnapter. After graduation, he became a student at the Episcopal Theological Seminary, Alex- andria, \'a., and there continued his association with members of the fraternity. At his own instance, and upon the petitions of the two chapters at Lexington, Va., was unanimously elected a "member at large" by the convention, and then and there initiated, his name being ordered to be placed uj^on the roll of the V. M. I. chapter. This convention also made an addition to the pledge to be taken by candidates at their initiation. Tt was in ef- fect a promise to uphold the particular cha])ter as a chapter, in addition to the fraternity as a whole. A curi- ous point as to transfer of membership arose out of a THE FIRST GENERAL OFFICERS. 77 quarrel in Epsilon chapter. Four members of that chapter became dissatisfied with the conduct of another member. The discontented brothers did not wish to re- main in the chapter, neither did they wish to withdraw from the fraternity. Accordingly, with the full consent and approval of both chapters, they transferred them- selves to the Hanover chapter. The convention disap- proved of this action entirely, and held that the only means of regularly withdrawing from a chapter was by expulsion, that the transfer was irregular and void, and ordered their names to be restored to the roll of Centre chapter. Charles D. Walker, V. M. I., '69, was elected General Secretary, and John I. Covington, Miami, '70, General Treasurer. These were the first general officers elected in the fraternity. Their powers were somewhat hazy and undefined, but in general the former was to supervise the correspondence of the fraternity, and the latter to take care of its property and funds. The chapter roll was re- vised, and all of the chapters having double names were ordered to substitute the letter A for their first letter. The name B B was changed to A B, r r to A r, A A to A A, etc. The administration of the Wabash chapter opened favorably with the institution of the revived chapter at Beloit College. This revival was mainly due to the efiforts of Prof. J. D. S. Riggs, of Chicago University, who, failing in his efiforts to put any life into his own chapter, found a vent for his fraternitv enthusiasm in this man- 78 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. ner. The General Secretary in October issued printed forms for use in facilitating the business of carrying on his work. In September, 1872, the circular preliminary to the es- tablishment of the Beta Theta Pi, the magazine of the fraternity, was issued, and the first number came from the press December 15, 1872. The first act of the year 1873 was tiie establishment of Alpha Nu chapter, at the University of Kansas, January 8, through the efforts of Wyllys C. Ransom, Michigan, '47, T. Y. Gardner, Western Reserve, '58, and L. D. L. Tosh, Miami, '69, all three members of chapters inactive at the time. In February, 1873, Denison University, at Granville, Ohio, ceased to contain a Beta chapter, owing to the successful enforcement of anti-fraternity laws, though one member graduated with the class of 1873. A local fraternity at Randolph-Macon College, under the auspices of Prof. T. R. Price, Virginia, '58, applied for a charter, and was instituted as a chapter, under the name of Alpha Xi, April 24, 1873. Thoroughly warm- ing to the work of extension, by these efforts, in June, 1873, Alpha Omicron was placed at Trinity University, Tehuacana, Tex., through the efforts of R. Morgan, Cumberland, '09. and G. E. Seay, Cumberland, '(!0 ; Al- pha Pi at the X^niversity of Wisconsin, by Charles A. Works, William S. Forrest, and Ansley Gray, of the Be- loit chapter, and Alpha Rho at Northwestern University, Evanston, 111., by the aid of OHn R. Brouse, Asbury, '6Ck The publication of the fraternity journal visibly in- THE QUESTION OF EXTENSION. 79 creased the activity and enthusiasm among the chapters, and under its influence, combined with that of a new con- stitution and organization, the fraternity began to assume a somewhat more consistent form and poHcy. The numerical weakness of the chapter at Centre Col- lege made it impossible to hold the convention at Louis- ville in August, under its auspices, as had been antici- pated, and the invitation of the Cincinnati alumni to hold it in that city was accepted. The prevalence of an epi- demic caused its postponement, and the convention did not actually meet until December 29, 1873. The publica- tion of the Beta Theta Pi was continued during the summer, however, and helped to maintain the enthusiasm of the fraternity. Early in the college year of 1873-74, the question, whether the fraternity was to continue to exist as a pure- ly western organization, arose for consideration. It will be remembered that the convention of 1864 had passed resolutions stating that eastern extension was undesir- able, which had been revoked by the convention of 1865. Nevertheless, the determination to remain purely western seemed to be the policy of the fraternity. This, in the light of subsequent events, was unwise, and was largely due to ignorance of the real strength of the fraternity chapters in eastern colleges. As noted above, the chapter at Denison University was dispersed by anti-fraternity laws. Its members, composed of good students in a col- lege noted for the thoroughness of its instruction, scat- tered and entered various eastern colleges. In most cases 80 HANUDUUK UF UETA THliTA I'l. unwilling- to join other fraternities, they sought to find a foothold for their own, and the consequence was the almost simultaneous receipt of propositions to establish chapters at JJrown, Williams, Layfayette, Dickinson, and other eastern colleges, while members of the Bethany chapter, residing in New York, advocated the immediate establishment of a chapter at Columbia College. The presiding chapter, imbued with the fictitious idea of the great strength of eastern colleges and fraternities, doubted whether new chapters could successfully cope with older and lirmly established rivals, and vacillated until tlie opportunities had ceased to exist. The Wil- liams and Brown projects were discouraged, and never reached the point of a direct petition, and though we an- ticipate a little, we may properly mention here that the Columbia petition was rejected. The one from Lafay- ette was withheld from action until too late, while the one from Dickinson, signed by the entire membership of a local organization, was the only one accepted, and the chapter was formally instituted, after some delay, May 15, 1874. The advance of the fraternity into the east was thus retarded for six years. The convention, called the thirty-fourth annual, was IkIi! at Cincinnati, Ohio, December 29, 30 and 31, 1.ST3. The attendance of delegates and visitors was large, the work undertaken was well done, and the public exercises, consisting of an oration of Hon. Stanlev Matthews ^ ' Afterwards U. S. Senator from Ohio and Justice of tlie Supreme Court of the United States. THE DISTRICT SYSTEM. 81 and a poem by Rev. Earl Cranston, - attracted consider- able public attention. Delegates were present from twentv chapters. The Beta Theta Pi was officially adopted as the organ of the fraternity. Charles D. Walker was elected to continue as its editor, and it was recommended that a more convenient size and better paper be adopted for it. The chapter at Monmouth College was made the presiding chapter, passing over Beloit and Bethany, the latter by reason of small size, and the former because anti-fraternity laws compelled it to remain sub rosa. A. N. Grant, Asbury, '74, was chosen General Secretary, R. Harvey Young, Washington & Jefferson, '69, Gen- eral Treasurer, and John I Covington, Aliarni, 'TO, editor of the Beta Theta Pi, to succeed Charles D. Walker after the expiration of his term of six months. The chapters were all reported to be in good condi- tion except those at Knox and Denison University, ow- ing to anti-fraternity legislation. It was deemed advisable to re-establish the chapter at the University of Michigan, and the Asbury chapter was entrusted with that duty. The chapter at Washington & Jefferson Col- lege, formed by the union of T at Jefferson and N at Washington, when the two colleges were united, was named T N. The General Secretary, upon his own rec- ommendation, was ordered to divide the fraternity into territorial districts for convenience of administration, and to appoint over each district a chief assistant secre- - Since Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 82 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. tary, who should be under his general direction. This system of dividing the fraternity territorially has been very beneficial, and has been copied by nearly all of the fraternities as a prominent feature of their administra- tion. He was also ordered to prepare a code of admin- istrative law, to go into tentative operation until the meeting of the next convention. The system of voting upon petitions for chapters was changed, and the rule adopted that when a chapter did not vote within thirty days after the receipt of the peti- tion, it was considered to have cast its ballot in the affirmative. This was a most pernicious practice, and had lasting and evil results. The next convention was ordered to be held at Evansville, Tnd.. August 25, 1875. The year 1874 opened with bright prospects. The journal had been officially recognized, the administrative machinery systemized, the new district system was in full oj)eration, and twenty-six strong and active chapters answered to the roll-call. But the prospects were not realized. The Knox chapter ceased to exist, the Beta Theta Pi suspended in June, 1874, owing to insufficient financial support, the presiding chapter at Monmouth encountered the opposition of the college authorities, and was obliged to run sub rosa, which greatly impaired its usefulness and hampered its work as the administra- tive head of the fraternity, and as the convention of 1873 had been held so late in the year, none was held at all in 1874, and the progress of the fraternity seemed arrested in every direction. The one redeeming event THE CONVENTION OF 1875. 83 was the establishment of the Dickinson chapter in May. The college year 1874-75 showed little improvement. The absence of the journal was severely felt, as it had, in a measure, supplanted the former system of chapter correspondence, which did not readily spring up again. The only encouraging event was the movement to revive the chapter at the University of Michigan, which was meeting with success. One petition received during this year, from Franklin College, Indiana, was rejected. It was from a disloyal chapter of another fraternity. The convention of 1875 met at Evansville, Ind., Aug- ust 25, fifteen chapters being represented. The neces- sity of the fraternity journal was recognized, and it was ordered to be re-established. O. R. Brouse, Asbury, '66, and D. H. Cheney, Northwestern, '76, were appointed editors. An assessment of $1.50 for this purpose was levied upon each active member, in addition to the usual annual dues. This was unconstitutional, as the limit of the dues was $1, but no one grumbled, because the re- vival of the magazine was an acknowledged necessity. A, at Asbury University, was made presiding chapter, D. H. Cheney was elected General Secretary, and R. Harvey Young was continued as General Treasurer. The code of laws reported by the secretary was adopted. The following resolution was adopted : That in case the chief assistant secretary. General Secretary and presiding chapter disapprove of a proposition to establish a chapter at any college, the proposition be laid on the table until the succeeding convention. 84 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. A curious case of chapter jurisdiction arose out of a dispute between Denison and Wooster chapters. The facts are unimportant, but the committee appointed to consider the matter reported the following resolution, whish was adopted : Resolved, That it is the sense of this convention that charges against a member of B 9 IT shall only be made to the chapter where he has been initiated or to wliich ho has been transferred, or to an alumni chapter of whicli he may be a member. And they recommended the passage of an act "giving each chapter exclusive jurisdiction over each Beta at- tending the college where it is situated, no matter whether he was a member of that chapter or not," and this was accordingly done, and has been the law ever since. An act was also passed making the conventions biennial, but it has remained a dead letter. The next convention was ordered to be held at Detroit, Septem- ber 3, 1877. The administration of the Asbury chapter opened with the re-establishment of the Michigan chapter main- ly through the active assistance of A. N. Grant. In Jan- uary, 18T(), a petition was received from J. C. Hobson, Richmond. '7(), and C. H. Harrison. \'. Al. I., 'To, for the establishment of a chajiter at William & Mary Col- lege, Williamsburg, \'a. This venerable institution which had sufifered a decline then seemed to have taken a new lease of life. The number of students suddenly increased to nearly one hundred, among them represent- atives of tlir best families in the south. Hobson and THE WILLIAM AND MARY CHAPTER, 85 Harrison secured the co-operation of a number of these students and applied for a charter. It was granted, and the chapter was instituted March 11, 18TG, as A T. It may not be out of place here to state that the chapter did not long continue active. The college declined as rapidly as it had arisen, and the chapter became inactive after sending to the University of Virginia some of the best students ever seen at that institution. During the month of January the fraternity became a subject of newspaper remark. An account of the reason we clip from the Beta Theta Pi for Februarv, 1876: "Monday evening, the 17th of January, the Hon. Schuyler Colfax, who is a whole-souled Beta, lectured in Evanston, 111.. and after the lecture he was invited by the members of Alpha Rho chapter to attend a chapter meeting and partake of the "canine'' with them. Schuyler never refuses an invitation of this kind, and he accordingly met with the boys. Immediately upon his arrival at the chapter rooms a mob, consisting of members of the Sigma Chi and Phi Kappa Psi fraternities, assembled in the outer halls, howling, singing and conducting themselves more like fiends than like students "having a high sense of honor" (see the Sigma Chi constitution). This was kept up throughout the meeting, and when, at its close, Mr. Colfax, attended by the members of Alpha Rho, started for his lodging place, the front door of the building was found to be tied. The party, however, made their exit by the back door. Arrived at the outside, Bro. Colfax delivered an extemporaneous lecture to the mob, which, for point and pungency, excelled even his brilliant platform efforts. The rioters disclaimed any intent to insult Brother Col- fax, but said they meant to 'go for the Beta chapter.' " The Chicago papers took the matter up, and the of- 86 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. fending students were compelled to make a public apol- ogy by the college authorities. In March, 1875, owing to the expressed wish of a majority of the chapters, the presiding chapter changed the place of the convention to Philadelphia, and the time to July 5, 187G. In the spring of this year, the Harvard chapter came very near to re-establishment. seven enthusiastic Betas having found themselves to be students there, but they were ignorant of their constitu- tional rights to re-establish the chapter, and the matter was not ])ushcd. The Betas at Princeton, too, though belonging to many chapters and maintaining no formal organization, held a very successful dinner. Boston University, a new Methodist institution with a large en- dowment and ambitious plans had attracted the attention of Betas attending its professional schools, and a petition for a chapter there was forwarded to the presiding chap- ter in May. During this month the Asbury chapter met with a great loss. Its records and archives, consisting of a long series of interesting letters, containing person- al and historical data of value, were stolen, it was sus- pected by members of a rival chapter. Though every efifort was made to catch the thieves, it was not success- ful. ' The convention met at Philadelphia July 5. Dele- gates were present from seventeen chapters. The re- ports of the presiding chapter and General Secretary ' Some of these records were returned in 1906. THE BOSTON CHAPTER. 87 showed that the chapters were in a fairly prosperous condition. Petitions for chapters from Vanderbilt Uni- versity, University of California and M'cKendree Col- lege, 111., were received and rejected. The name of the chapter at Washington & Jefferson College was changed to r. The provision making the convention biennial was repealed. Lambda, at Michigan Univer- sity, was made the presiding chapter, George C. Rankin, Monmouth, '74, was elected General Secretary, G. M. Halm, Ohio Wesleyan, '76, General Treasurer, and Rev. E. J. Gantz, Bethany, '75, editor of the Beta Theta Pi. A plan for forming an endowment fund for the support of the fraternity was considered, but was not adopted. The catalogues were ordered to be printed, and the mat- ter of a fraternity jeweler was placed in the hands of a committee for action. Detroit was named as the next place for holding a convention. The petition from Boston University, having received the favorable votes of the chapters, a chapter was estab- lished there November G, 187(3, under the name of Alpha Upsilon. It was a strong chapter, formed by the union of two sets of petitioners, one originally petitioning B n and the other A A <^, who united after the Beta petition was granted. In November, a petition for a chapter was received from the "Agricultural and Mechanical College of Vir- ginia," located at Blacksburg, Va. It was endorsed by two well known alumni who were officially connected with the institution, and under the pernicious system of 88 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI, voting then in vogue, by which silence and indifference were construed to mean assent, the petition was granted, though it did not receive the real approval of the chap- ters in \'irginia. The chapter was instituted ]\Iarch 10, 1877, with twelve members, under the name of Alpha Phi. riic year 1877 opened inauspiciously. Alpha Mu, at Howard College, Alabama, was obliged to drop out of sight and continue a perfunctory existence — sub rosa; the fraternity journal suffered for lack of proper financial backing, and did not maintain its previous standard of excellence, and the presiding chapter performed its duties with little vigor : but no ground w-as lost, and the work of the next year was brilliant. The convention of 1877 was held August 15, Hi and 17, at Detroit, Michigan. Delegates were present from ten chapters. A strong effort was made to place the affairs of the fraternity upon a sound basis, and with some success. The financial regulations were modified and im- proved. The most important step taken by the conven- tion was the adoption of a resolution offered by W. C. Ransom, Michigan, '4R, looking toward the complete elimination of the esoteric work of the fraternity from the constitution, the open publication of that document, and the formation of a ritual which should embody all the secret work in one ceremony. The convention adjourned after selecting Alpha Lambda chapter, at Wooster Uni- versity, to act as the presiding chapter. The work of the new year began well. The founda- TKE KENYON CHAPTER. 89 tion of Johns Hopkins University, at Baltimore, as an institution of superior grade, suggested a field for Beta enterprise which was readily appreciated by the Balti- more alumni, and a petition was secured from the univer- sity, signed by the best men among the matriculates in the academic department. The petition met the im- mediate approval of the fraternity, and the chapter was estabHshed November 30, 1877. In October, 1877, a pe- tition for a chapter was received from Kenyon College, Gambier, O., which was the cause of much discussion. It had been secured through the efforts of J. P. Nelson, Washington & Lee, '69, who was the principal of the col- lege grammar school. Through his personal influence he was enabled to secure the petitioners in the face of the active opposition of long established chapters of other fraternities. The petition was approved by the fraternity officials and the presiding chapter, but en- countered effective opposition from the chapters, and was denied. The petitioners were persistent and applied again, and, though we anticipate a little, we may state here that the petition was finally granted, and the charter issued April 8, 1879. In the fall of 1877 a petition was received from the local society of $ © *, at Marietta College, but it was rejected. In March, 1878, a proposition to establish a chapter at Butler University, (formerly Northwestern Christian University), Irvington, Ind., was favorably considered by the fraternity, and the chapter was estab- lished under the name of Alpha Psi, March 28, 1878. 90 HANDBOOK OK UETA THETA I'l. This chapter, though instituted under favorable auspices, was finally withdrawn, the condition of the university not warranting- its further continuance. During the same month the Monmouth chapter finally succumbed to hos- tile college laws, and became defunct. While living it was a splendid chapter. It was situated in a denomina- tional college, the faculty of which was largely composed of Betas, and, though never large, the Beta chapter was composed of picked material. During the last few years of its existence its usefulness was impaired because it was obliged to run sub rosa, and it finally surrendered its charter rather than continue its secret existence. A I, at Washington University, St. Louis, which had been en- joying a merely nominal existence for some time, finally ceased to exist during the spring of 1878, and A T, at William & Mary College, did not live through the year. A petition was presented in March, 1878, from the University of California. The personal testimonials of the petitioners and a fine presentation of the condition and prospects of the university secured a favorable hear- ing, and a charter was promptly granted to the petitioners and forwarded to California Betas for the institution of the new chapter. Their investigation soon disclosed the iact that some, at least, of the signatures to the petition Twere made in bad faith. It turned out that the whole ^^application was a scheme on the part of a member of an- , other fraternity to secure the ritual and other secret pa- pers of the fraternity. This gentleman, thinking that a -.system then prevalent in his own fraternity, by which THE CONVENTION OF 1878. 91 chapters were established by correspondence, obtained in B © n, hoped by means of the bogus petition to have sent to him the papers of the fraternity. The fact that the ritual and other papers were transmitted to Betas resident in San Francisco frustrated the scheme. The convention of 1878 considered the situation, but did not withdraw the charter thus granted, as the university was deemed to be a fitting place for a chapter. W. T. Hume, Wabash, '78, visited the university, and through the assistance of resident alumni secured four charter mem- bers to establish the chapter, who, by their energy and enterprise, have made it one of the strongest fraternity organizations in that institution. During the year 1877-78 the Dickinson chapter was rent by an internal feud arising out of the rivalry be- tween the college literary societies — an anomalous condi- tion of things ; for, although the fraternities have often been accused of creating disturbances in the literary so- cieties, we know of no other instance of a reversal of the situation, and the creation of a disturbance in a fraternity chapter by the literary societies. The breach was finally healed through the energy and fraternal zeal of W. R. Israel. The convention of 1878 met at Indianapolis, Ind., September 4, 5 and 6. In many respects it was the most successful meeting of the fraternity which had been held up to that time. Delegates were present from fourteen chapters and the number of visitors exceeded 100. The public exercises, consisting of an oration by Hon. A. J. 92 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Poppleton, Michigan, '51, of Nebraska, and a poem de- livered by Hon. J. B. Black, Asbury, '60, of Indiana, were interesting- and well attended. The Indianapolis alumni tendered a banquet to the delegates and visitors, and socially the convention was a complete success. The principal legislation enacted was the adoption of the re- port of the committee on constitution. This committee presented an entirely new constitutional document, ad- mirably drawn up and omitting the secret work ; supple- menting it by a lengthy report, which presented in detail the reasons which had actuated the committee in propos- ing such a radical change. It was urged that an open constitution would enable the fraternity to overcome the opposition of college authorities by presenting to them an intelligible statement of the object, aims and scheme of government of the fraternity ; that it would, by being printed and distributed, diffuse a wider and more general knowledge of the foundation principles of the order, and would be a powerful argument in inducing desirable men to become members. All the predictions of the committee have since been more than realized, and it is now difficult for us to understand upon what ground was based the intense opposition to the plan. But the change seemed to many of the members to be little short of sacrilege, and even after the adoption of the open constitution we know that many old Betas waited with anxiety to see the entire fraternity fall to pieces. No such result followed and the example has since been followed by many of the most progressive fraternities. THE MISSISSIPPI CHAPTER. 93 A r, at Wittenberg College, was made the presiding chapter for the next year, and George C. Rankin, of Monmouth, '72, was elected editor of the magazine, Rev. E. J. Brown, Hanover, '73, being made General Secre- tary. George C. Rankin being unable to act as editor, Willis O. Robb, Ohio Wesleyan, '79, was elected by the presiding chapter. The chapter at the University of Cal- ifornia was established March 18, 1879, the one at Ken- yon College April 8, 1879, as before narrated, while a new chapter was placed at the University of Mississippi June 4, 1879. This latter chapter was formerly a chap- ter of a once extensive southern fratenity known as the A K $. This fraternity originated at Centre College, Kentucky, about the year 1858, and rapidly extended into the south. Its chapters were mostly killed by the Civil vv'ar, and the only chapter which rose to prominence thereafter was the chapter at the University of Missis- sippi. In 1877 the original chapter at Centre College, being in a weak condition, disbanded. The Mississippi chapter was advised to apply for a Beta charter, which it accordingly did. But the most important event of the year in the line of extension was the union with the fraternity of A 2 X, the negotiations to that end having been in progres^ during the entire college year. An account of this union is given elsewhere in detail. The convention of 1879 met at Cincinnati, Ohio, Sep- tember 2, 3 and 4. Delegates were present from sixteen chapters and the attendance of visitors was very large. 94 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. The new constitution and new ritual were adopted. Pink and blue were decided upon as the fraternity colors, and the badg'c was fixed as to its form and dimensions. A board of directors was elected under the new system, and every efifort was made to place thing's in such a position that the momentous changes taking place should be made without any unnecessary friction. Everything showed that the fraternity was in a good condition, the chapters were strong and enthusiastic, the journal was well sup- ported, the treasury was not empt}-, and the only Beta enterprise which was not sharing the general "boom" was the catalogue. CHAPTER V. HISTORY, 1879 TO 1886. From the Union with Alpha Sigma Chi to the Conven- tion of 1886. The new system of government went into operation easily and without friction. The new board of directors prepared its certificate of incorporation as follows : At a meeting of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, held in the city of Cincinnati, in the state of Ohio, on Thursday, the 4th day of September, A. D. 1879, it was resolved : 1st. That we proceed to elect a board of directors, consisting of nine members, six of whom shall reside in the city of Cin- cinnati, or its vicinity, to hold their office according to the con- stitution of the fraternity. 2nd. That the name of the fraternity shall be that of Beta Theta Pi. 3d. That its principal office shall be in the city of Cincinnati. And thereupon the following named persons were duly elected said directors, viz : For three vears, John W. Herron, Cincinnati, Ohio ; John I. Covington, Cincinnati, Ohio, and W. C. Ransom, Port Huron, Mich. For tzvo years, Thad. A. Reamy, M, D., Cincinnati, Ohio ; W. F. Boyd, Cincinnati, Ohio, and O. R. Brouse, Chicago, 111. For one year, David H. Moore, D. D., Cincinnati, Ohio; R. Harvey Young, Cincinnati, Ohio, and A. D. Lynch, Indianapolis, Ind. (95) 96 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. I, W. E. Dennison, secretary of said meeting of the Beta Tlieta Pi fraternity, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a correct transcript of the minutes of said meeting. (Signed) W. E. Dennison. The undersigned directors, elected by the Beta Theta Pi fra- ternity, hereby accept the terms and conditions of the act of the Icgi.slature of the state of Ohio, passed May 1, A. D. 1852, as amended January 26, A. D. 1865 (S. & S., 239). (Signed) W. F. Boyd, R. Harvey Young, John W. Herron, David H. Moore, W. C. Ransom, Thad. A. Reamy, O. R. Brouse, John I. Covington, A. D. Lynch. The first meeting was held September 4, 1879, and all of the members were present except D. H. M'oore. John W. Herron, Miami, '45, was elected president, and W. F. Boyd, Ohio, 'GG. was elected secretary. John I. Coving- ton, Syl. G. Williams, W. E. Dennison and Willis O. Robb were elected editors of the fraternity journal. Bet- ter choice could not have been made, and it improved in every respect under their direction. The union with A 2 X was consummated at Ithaca. N. Y., October 9, 1879, and five new chapters were at once added to the roll ; viz : Beta Gamma. Rutgers ; Beta Delta, Cornell ; Beta Epsilon, Stevens ; Beta Zeta, St. Lawrence ; and Beta Eta, Maine State. A new district was at once erected, including with these the chapters at Washington & Jefferson and Dickinson, and William R. Baird, the former secretary of the A 2 X, was made Chief of this district. The new chapters fell into line and worked like veterans. The new ritual, too, was gener- THE BROWN CHAPTER REVIVED. 97 ally liked and adopted by the chapters, and everything indicated a prosperous future. The one great need of the fraternity at this time was a catalogue which should present with accuracy the strength and standing of the fraternity. It was known that the labor of compiling and editing such a work would be immense, and must be gratuitous. Jas. A. Burhans DePauw, '75, at that time catalogue agent, was too busy with other matters to undertake the work, and, finally, when Seaman, of Denison, Terrel, of DePauw, and Baird of Stevens, offered to do it, the work was promptly placed in their hands, with the approval of the Board of Directors. How they completed their task is told else- where, but it is important to note here that the work of the catalogue committee caused a great revival of inter- est throughout the fraternity and developed much latent enthusiasm among the alumni. In December, 1879, a petition was received from the Illinois Industrial University, at Champaign. A commit- tee of the neighboring chapters visited the place and, re- porting adversely, the petition was rejected. The same fate befell a petition received in February, 1880, from the Illinois Wesleyan University, at Bloomington. After the union with A 2 X, there was a natural movement in the fraternity looking toward the strength- ening of its eastern wing, and the revival of the inactive •chapters in that district. Early in 1880 a petition was received from the sole surviving chapter of 4> K A at Erown University whch was granted in February, and 98 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. the chapter instituted March 36, 1880, by a committee from the eastern chapters. A banquet was tendered to the visitors by the new chapter, and the occasion was noteworthy as the revival of a chapter long inactive. In February. 1880, the Betas resident in Iowa City deemed the time favorable for the revival of the chapter at the University of Iowa, which, it will be remembered, had ceased to exist in 1872. This revival, and the mooted resuscitation of other chapters, brouj^ht up the question as to what procedure was proper in order to regularly revive an inactive chap- ter. The determination was finally arrived at that when five active Betas were found at a college where a Beta chapter had once existed, these members could properly be recognized as a continuation of the old chapter. This was not strictly correct, for the law as it then stood really was, that if the charter of such a chapter had not been withdrawn, it could be revived at the instance of any one chapter, but this law was buried in the inac- cessible records of past conventions, and its provisions were not generally known. Under the supposed rule, the chapter at Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., was revived in March, 1880, and that at Harvard in May, 1880. This procedure was afterwards abrogated in the course of legislation, and proceedings to revive a chapter are now the same as those required to institute a new one. In March, also, the fraternity was rejoiced to learn of the repeal of the anti-fraternity laws at the University THE CONVENTION OF 1880. 99 of California, which had threatened seriously to injure a most promising chapter. On May 17, a chapter was established at the University of Pennsylvania with bright prospects, while in June a delegation of prominent Betas from Chicago visited Beloit College, in Wisconsin, and induced the college authorities to repeal anti-fraternit> laws that had been in operation there for many years. During the latter part of the college year, the chap- ter, at Denison University, was likewise enabled to come from "under the rose." A petition from the University of Cincinnati, presented in June, completed the exten- sion movements of the year. The convention met in Baltimore, August 24, 25, 26, 1880, under the auspices of the Johns Hopkins chapter, and, in recognition of the position of the latter, the uni- versity authorities invited the conventiorr to use its halls for their meetings. Delegates Avere present from twenty- eight chapters. This convention was an important one. A new code of enactments, termed "laws," as distin- guished from constitutional provisions, was adopted, to- gether with a series of regulations for the government of conventions. The work of the catalogue committee was approved, and resolutions in regard to the "prep." question were passed. The "prep." question was one that had been the cause of increasing trouble to the western chapters of Beta Theta Pi, and to other fraternities as well. The new constitution forbade the initiation of any student unless he was a member of some "undergraduate college 100 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI, class." In the large western colleges, where the prepar- atory students really formed a portion of the student corps, this prohibition worked great hardship, and the Beta chapters were placed at a disadvantage in com- petition with their rivals, who universally initiated "preps." A resolution was introduced at the Baltimore convention construing the words "undergraduate college class" to include the sub-freshman classes. It was em- phatically voted down, and the following substitute was passed by a vote of (>() to 12. Resolved, That this convention emphatically reaffirms the requirements of our constitution, permitting the initiation of (members of) undergraduate college classes only, and demands that the chapters entirely abandon the practice of initiating pre- paratory (students) or other ineligible persons. The petition from the University of Cincinnati was rejected by this convention. The number of inactive chapters having single letter names and the increasing number of chapters induced this convention to rearrange the chajiter nomenclature. Boston was changed from A Y to Y ; Stevens from B E to 2 ; Ohio University from K to B ; Northwestern from AP to P ; Randolph-Macon from A H to H ; California from A fJ to n ; the Harvard chapter was called H, the Brown K. and the University of Pennsyvania . The charters of the chapters at Cincinnati, Western Reserve, North Carolina, Princeton, Williams, Knox, Washing- ton & Lee. Illinois, South Carolina, Davidson, U. S. Naval Academy, Monmouth, Chicago, Washington THE COLGATE CHAPTER. 101 (Mo.) and William & Mary were formally withdrawn, so that there might be no question about the matter. The chapters at Butler, Virginia Military Institute, Virginia State, Trinity University and Howard College were or- dered to be investigated by the Board of directors, and they were directed to send a commissioner to make a personal investigation of the Trinity and Virginia State chapters. The convention concluded wjth a pleasant banquet, and the day after adjournment the larger por- tion of the visitors went to Annapolis and ate a Maryland supper at the invitation of the Baltimore alumni. The college year of 1880-81 was one of reconstruction and elimination. In the summer of 1880, the members of an old local society of high standing, called the "Adelphia," at Madison (now Colgate) University, Hamilton, New York, sent in a petition for a Beta char- ter, which was granted, and the chapter was established December 10, 1880, By this move, the fraternity ob- tained a chapter of fine local reputation, possessing a valuable library, and with every prospect of success be- fore it. The privilege granted to this chapter to bring into the fraternity the alumni of the local society from which it sprung has been since happily exercised. Early in the college year, the Board of Directors took up the task of investigating the chapters criticised by the Baltimore convention. At the meeting held January 28, the board passed resolutions asking the chapters at Butler University and at Virginia Military Institute to surrender their charters, the former because the stand- 102 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. ing of the college did not insure a large attendance and sufficient material could not be secured for a permanent- ly good chapter ; and the latter, because the anti-frater- nity sentiment and the establishment of rivals without reputation and their initiations without acquaintance left no field for a Beta chapter with a reputation to maintain. The Butler chapter ceased to exist February 13, and the V. M. 1. chapter February IG, 1881. The fraternity was strengthened by these elimina- tions, and the good work was further carried on by the surrender of the charter of the chapter at the X'irginia State College, March 21, 1881. The charter and records of the chapter at Howard College, were also returned in the fall of 1880. It was, undoubtedly, hard for the earn- est Betas who composed these chapters to surrender their organization, but they realized that the step was for the good of the entire order, and acquiesced. Edwin H. Terrell, the commissioner appointed to investigate the condition of the Trinity chapter, reported that the char- ter should be withdrawn, but the chapter protested, and the matter was held in abeyance to await the action of the next convention. On the 4th of May, 1881, the chapter at Western Re serve was revived at the earnest solicitation of its alumni. Another eastern chapter was established at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., May 13, 1881. by the ab- sorption of a local society called B K, which had origi- nated two years previous. During the year alumni chap- EXTENSION POLICY REVIEWED. 103 ters were organized at Kansas City, Cleveland and San- Francisco. With the college year 1880-81 a period of unexampled extension was concluded. It may not be unprofitable to review the career of the fraternity to this date. From 1839 until 1858 the policy of the fraternity was one of rapid extension. The chapters seemed to have acted upon the principle that membership in the fraternity was such a good thing that it should be denied to no set of petitioners who applied for it. Fortunately, many of the schemes to form chapters did not materialize, but the inherent weakness of the policy which directed the energies of the fraternity toward the establishment of new branches rather than the upbuilding and strength- ening of old ones, was shown in the desertion of the chapters at Brown and Williams, and the loss of those at Harvard and Princeton, and later at the University of North Carolina and the inability of the fraternity to withstand the shock of the war. The fraternity undoubtedly suffered greatly by that struggle, many of its chapters were cut off and its best ones suflfered serious curtailment of membership. Up- on the return of peace, with a small and compact organ- ization came an opportunity to conserve and strengthen its position, which was neglected. The chapters estab- lished were at Monmouth, Wittenberg, Westminster, Iowa Wesleyan, Chicago, Denison, Virginia Military In- stitute, Washington (Mo.) and institutions of similar standins:, the future of which was not then assured. 104 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Even the desertion of the Michigan and Western Re- rseve chapters did not serve as a warnino-. and the ex- tension went on, adding Beloit. Bethany, Richmond, Wooster, Howard, Randolph-Macon. Trinity University, Butler, William & Mary, Virginia State, and disregard- ing Syracuse, Lafayette and Columbia. While many of the chapters were in colleges which are now of excellent standing, their tenure of life at that time was uncertain, and it was not good policy to grant charters, as was un- doubtedly done, with little investigation and less dis- crimination. The debate over the proposition to grant the Kenyon petition and the earnest opposition to it was a hopeful sign. The internal development of 1878 and 1879 was more than encouraging, and when the eastern wing was established by the addition of the five A 2 X chapters the revival of the Brown and Harvard, and the estab- lishment of the Union, Colgate and Pennsylvania chap- ters, with the simultaneous withdrawal of chapters known to be weak, it was felt throughout the fraternity that it was time to pause and consolidate, to harmonize the new elements, and to imbue them with the Beta spirit. Consequently the convention of 1881 marks an epoch. Since then the fraternity has been conservative both in its inward and outward work, but few chapters have been established, and those have been placed at institutions of undoubted reputation, well able to afford material sufficient to maintain them well. Every chap- ter established since 1879 is now active and in good con- THE CONVENTION OF 1881. 105 dition. Our policy has been to enter good colleges, and then only after thorough investigation, and the frater- nity has been the better for it. It has become increas- ingly difficult to secure favorable action upon petitions, and to obtain a charter from the fraternity implies a deal of hard work. The burden of proof rests rather heavily upon the applicants and if they fail to sustain it the fraternity is justified in believing they did not de- serve to succeed. The annual convention met at Chicago, August 30 and 31 and September 1, 1881. It was altogether the best convention which had been held, up to that date, and the resident alumni fairly outdid themselves in the effort to make the gathering a success. The arrange- ments were under the charge of Gen. R. W. Smith, Williams, '51, of Chicago. Hon. A. P. Carpenter, Will- iams, '51, of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, was president and John Bascom, Williams, '49, then president of the University of Wisconsin was the orator. The number of delegates and visitors was large, and the business meetings were well attended. It was remark- able that the old Williams chapter should have furnished to this convention its president, its orator and the chair- man of its committee of arrangements. The banquet, tendered by the Chicago alumni, was held in the Grand Pacific Hotel, and proved a great suc- cess. Toasts were responded to by many of the prom- inent public men of the northwest, and the occasion was memorable. The public exercises consisted of the ora- 106 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. tion by Rev. John Bascom, above referred to, '4!), a poem by Hon. \V. F. Stone, DePauvv, '57, of the Su- preme Court of Colorado, and an essay by J. Winslow Snyder, Richmond. 'TD, of Kansas City. Delegates were present from thirty-four active and seven alumni chap- ters. A petition from the University of Illinois was reject- ed, as the necessary preliminaries had not been complied with, and one from Columbia College was granted, after a searching inquiry into the character and standing of the petitioners, while one from the University of Ne- braska was referred to the chapters for their action. Charles J. Seaman resigned as song-book editor, and was succeeded by W. IT. January, Centre, '80. William R. Baird was elected editor of a "Manual of Infonna- tion" for the use of the fraternity, and the catalogue committee reported that their work was nearly com- pleted. The question of permitting chapters of the fra- ternity to enter into political combinations with those of other fraternities for the purpose of influencing college politics was definitely settled. The chapters of Beta Theta Pi were distinctly ordered to take no part in any such combination. The "prep" question again came up for considera- tion. The chapters already affected by the action of the Baltimore convention were present in force, and the matter being referred to the committee on constitution, it reported a resolution that "The sense of the conven- tion is that the initiation of preparatory students be in THE DISPENSATIONS LAW. 107 every way discouraged," but this was rejected, and the following resolution was adopted by a vote of 38 to 5 : That in institutions having a preparatory department attached as a part of their collegiate system, the classes which are under charge of and taught by college professors, and are carried on the college catalogue, such preparatory department may be con- strued as coming within the constitutional designation of "under- graduate classes" until otherwise ordered by a general conven- tion of the fraternity. It was certainly a very mischievous step to attempt a change in the constitution by indirect construction of its provisions. This resolution was rescinded by the next convention, and no further legislation upon the subject has been necessary. Occasionally a "prep" student has been initiated, but the practice has virtually ceased. The new chapters at Union and Western Reserve were called N and "B K" respectively. The name of the latter was subsequently changed to "B," and the name "B K" bestowed upon the chapter at Ohio University, which had at times borne the names of both "B" and "K." The charter of the chapter at Trinity University was withdrawn. A law regarding "dispensations" was passed, forbid- ding a chapter to "elect or initiate any person not a student in some department of the institution in which the chapter is located, except that in cases of obvious expediency the board of directors may grant a dispen- sation allowing the initiation of students in other insti- tutions." Previous to the passage of this enactment 108 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. there had been no constitutional restriction upon such initiations and the chapters not infrequently initiated a student of some neighboring college, sometimes with a view to securing his assistance in the formation of a new chapter and sometimes not. The power thus given to the directors, and later transferred to the executive com- mittee, has since been sparingly exercised, and has been a valuable aid in building up a chapter previous to its formal establishment. The convention also adopted a new system of keeping the fraternity's roll, requiring the requisite data concern- ing initiates to be placed on blanks provided for the purpose and transmitted to the General Secretary, and refusing recognition to any alleged member whose name was not placed on this roll. The directors and General Secretary were ordered to compile the laws and publish them in the form of a code. The directors were also ordered to secure and engross in a book the proceedings of all the previous conventions. This has never been done, and it has remained for un- official enterprise to collect and preserve these records. Rev. E. J. Brown resigned as General Secretary, and was succeeded by Eugene Wambaugh, Ohio Wesleyan, '75. The year 1881-82 was very quiet, and was chiefly de- voted to strengthening the position of the fraternity in its organization. The eastern district was split into two, one comprising New England and the other the Middle States. The only chapter of the year was established THE VANDERBILT CHAPTER. 1C9 October 14, 1881, at Columbia College, and given Alpha Alpha, the old name of the Monmouth chapter. Many propositions for chapters were received, but all were re- jected or held to wait the action of the next convention. The petition from the University of Nebraska was re- jected in November, mainly on account of the great pre- ponderance of preparatory over collegiate students at that institution. Petitions from Illinois University and Mercer University failed to obtain the necessary prelim- inary consents, and petitions from Adrian College, Penn- sylvania College, and North Georgia Agricultural Col- lege were not submitted to the chapters, not receiving the proper official endorsements. In November, 1881, a petition was received from Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. Anti-fraterni- ty laws were said to prevail at that institution, and, while the petitioners formed an excellent body of men, it was deemed expedient to hold the matter under advisement until the facts were more fully ascertained. The Gen- eral Secretary visited the university and the petitioners, and also visited the Mu chapter at Cumberland Univer- sity, which was in the neighborhood. The result was, that upon his report the directors granted a dispensation to the Cumberland chapter to initiate the Vanderbilt peti- tioners, thus strengthening that chapter and retaining a hold on Vanderbilt. The anti-fraternitv laws were sub- sequently repealed, and the chapter was then established. The long looked for catalogue was issued in Decem- ber, 1881, and was in reality the most notable event of 110 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. the year. While it had many faults and deficiencies, yet it marked a g^reat advance upon any previous Beta cata- logue, and has since been of great help to the fraternity. During the college year, a very elaborate report in regard to the "prep." question was pre])ared by \V. A. Hamilton, of Xorthwestern, and assisted materially in the solution of that vexatious problem. In the winter two notable gatherings of alumni took place at Indianapolis and Kansas City, and the alumni chapters of Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Indianapolis and Richmond were reorganized under the laws of 1881. In May, 1882, a petition for a chai)tcr was received from Colby University, Waterville, Maine. In February, 1882, a "Pan-Hellenic" meeting of the editors of several fraternity journals, suggested by Willis ( ). Robb and called by the Beta Thcta Pi, met at Phila- delphia, and made arrangements for a general meeting of the fraternities, to be held July 4, 1884, but not enough fraternities assented to it to warrant holding the meeting at the adjourned day. The convention which met at Cincinnati, August 29, 30 and 31, 1882, was in every way a success, though it did not equal in brilliancy the meeting ot the previous year at Chicago. Delegates were present from thirty- one undergraduate and four alumni chapters. The presi- dent was Lieutenant-Governor Will. Cumback, DePauw, '53, of Indiana, the orator was Governor A. G. Porter, DePauw, '43, of the same state, and the poet was H. S. Babcock, Brown, '74, of Providence, R. I. THE CONVENTION OF 1883, 111 The convention codified the laws of the fraternity, passed an important revenue measure, rejected the peti- tion from Colby, tabled the one from Vanderbilt, and carefully considered some of the problems before the fraternity, without definite action. It also amended the constitution, making the conventions biennial, but this was rejected by the next convention. A committee was also appointed to revise the ritual. During the year 1882-83, steady development and quiet prosperity were the order of the day. Petitions from Syracuse University, Colby University and Ohio State University failed of approval. The petitioners at Ohio State, in recognition of their persistent loyalty in working several years for a charter, were permitted to be initiated by the Ohio Wesleyan chapter. In the spring of 1883 the General Secretary visited many of the chapters of the fraternity. The convention of 1883 met at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., August 28, 29 and 30. Delegates were present from twenty-three undergraduate and from six alumni chapters. This convention was notable for its social features. One-half of each day was devoted to some excursion ; a coach ride to the lake, an excursion to Mount MacGre- gor, a trip to Lake George, a banquet and a hop added to the attractions of the meeting, and a fine public address was delivered by Chancellor Chas. N. Sims, DePauw, '59, of Syracuse University. Petitions from Vanderbilt, Colby, Emory, and Amherst Colleges were before this 112 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. convention. The latter was from a strong local society called the "Torch and Crown," and was granted ; the others were rejected. The amendment making the conventions biennial was rejected. An amendment that every fourth convention should meet in Cincinnati was passed, and also one changing the public names of the chapters from their Greek titles to names taken from the institutions at which they were located. ^ The board of directors was requested to send an an- nual letter to the alumni of all inactive chapters, but the request has never been complied with. Provision was also made for levying an assessment upon the chap- ters to defray the convention expenses, but it was not enforced until much later. On their way to this convention a party of the dele- gates met at Chautauqua Lake, and formulated the scheme for an alumni club house, which developed into the establishment of "Wooglin-on-Chautauqua" as a summer resort. The year 1883-84 was one of progress in every direc- tion. The Amherst chapter was instituted October 12, 1883, and was given the name of Beta Iota; and the anti- fraternity laws having been repealed at Vanderbilt in November, the petition from there was promptly placed ' The number of chapters by this time had iticrcased to such an extent that the alphabet liad been twice exhausted and "B 1" had been reached on the third list. The Greek letter names of the chapters were unfamiliar to the majority of the members and the change was in the direction of common sense and economy. THE WOOGLIN CLUB. 113 before the chapters, and having been favorably acted upon, that chapter w^as formally instituted February 23, 1884, as the Beta Lambda, though, at the request of the chapter, its charter was dated as of the day when the first dispensation was issued; viz, January 19, 1882. During the year, petitions from Syracuse, Central Uni- versity (Ky.), University of Georgia and Southwestern Presbyterian University failed of preliminary approval, and were rejected without being placed otherwise before the fraternity. Alumni chapters were established at Boston and Wheeling. In April, 1884, a new edition of the song book, with full musical scores, was issued. During this year, also, the matter of the alumni club was vigorously pushed by Chas. J. Seaman, E. H. Terrell and W. K. L. Warwick. The club was incorporated, with headquarters at Cleveland. Sufficient stock was subscribed for to warrant it, and in the spring of 1884 a club house was built on the grounds. The board of di- rectors therefore changed the place for holding the next convention, and it was ordered to be held in this new club house August 18, 1884. The convention of 1884 was the first of a long series of successful meetings held at Wooglin. Delegates were present from thirty-seven undergraduate and five alumni chapters. The board of directors reported that objections had been made to granting dispensations, and asked for in- 114 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. strnctions, and the convention declared its approval of the practice in all cases deemed to be extraordinary. Petitions were presented from the Ohio State Univer- sity, from the University of Denver, and from the local society of $ ^ at the University of Minnesota. They were all carefully considered and rejected. The direct- ors were requested thoroughly to examine into the con- dition of several chapters alleged to be weak. The amendment to the constitution providing for the new system of naming the chapters, whereby the public name was made that of the institution and the private name a Greek name, received the required approval of this convention, and was adopted ; for instance, "The Miami chapter, the A of B © IT." Since this conven- tion no effort has been made to apply the Greek names upon any regular system, and they have been arbitrarily selected. A series of laws regulating procedure at trials, and a standard set of by-laws for alumni chapters, the latter prepared by W. C. Ransom, of Michigan, were adopted. The General Secretary suggested in his report that, in order to provide for the better performance of the work in his department, there should be added a college sec- retary and an alumni secretary, it being the duty of the former to keep the roll of the fraternity, and of the latter to generally supervise the establishment and manage- ment of alumni chaj)ters. This local society afterwards became a chapter of Psi Upsilon. THE CONVENTION OF 1885. 115 J. Cal. Hanna, Wooster, '81, was elected General Secretary, and commenced the longest term of office ever held by an executive officer in the fraternity. The year 1884-85 was one of quiet progress. Alumni chapters were established at Washington, Philadelphia and Denver. In January a dispensation was granted to the Northwestern chapter to initiate certain students at the University of Denver, and to the Hampden-Sidney chapter to initiate students at the Union Theological Seminary, located in near proximity to it, and, in fact but not in name, a part of the institution. In February serious dissensions arose in the Mississippi chapter, having their origin largely in political prejudices, and Willis O. Robb was sent by the directors to settle the difficulty, if possible, which he did satisfactorily. The convention of 1885 met at St. Louis, August 25, 26 and 27, Delegates were present from twenty-two chapters. It was a small convention as regards num- bers, but did its work effectively. Five petitions for chapters were presented : from Ohio State University, University of Texas, Michigan Agricultural and Me- chanical College, the University of Denver, and the Uni- versity of Missouri. The petition from the University of Missouri was from the members of the Z $, a fraternity of some six- teen years' standing, and which had established and lost other chapters at several Missouri colleges. ^ They ^ A chapter of Zeta Phi at William-Jewel College, Mo., became a chapter of Phi Gamma Delta. 116 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. asked the privilege of bringing in their alumni, should the petition be granted. The Michigan petition was also from a local society. The Texas petition was granted ; the others were directed to be placed before the cliapters for a direct vote. There were several decisions of this convention which were of interest. It was decided that members of chap- ters who were present could act as delegates and cast the vote of the chapters by permission of the conven- tion, if the chapter was not otherwise represented ; that when the delegation of a chapter is divided equally on any question requiring a vote by chapters, that the vote should be deemed cast against the proposition, and that only those alumni chapters that had been reorganized under the law of 1881 were entitled to vote as such. It was directed that a chapter transportation fund should be formed, to pay the railroad fare of at least one delegate from each chapter, by an annual assessment of $10 upon each chapter, and that every chapter should insert a clause in its by-laws requiring each active mem- ber to subscribe to the magazine. This convention was notable for the presence of two governors of Missouri — B. Gratz Brown, Transylvania, '45, who was president of the convention, and D. R. Francis, Washington, '70, who presided at the banquet. In the fall of 1885, the General Secretary published the constitution and laws, with all the amendments to date. Soon after the convention adjourned the petitioners THE HANDBOOK OF 1886. Il7, from Michigan State College and the University of Missouri withdrew their applications. The Ohio State University petition being placed before the chapters, was favorably acted upon, and the chapter was formally in- stituted as Theta Delta chapter, December 11, 1885, up- on the occasion of the third annual reunion of the Ohio chapters. The Texas chapter was instituted May 18, 1886, as Beta Omicron chapter, and on June 22, 1886, the Alpha chapter at Miami was revived, mainly through the efiForts of J. Newton Brown, of the Wooster chapter. Little else of note occurred during the year, except that in the early spring of 1886 Eugene Wambaugh published "The Handbook of 1886," as a consolidation of three numbers of the magazine. This contained the names of all members initiated since the convention of 1881, with notes on the history of the fraternity since that time, and interesting information concerning the active chapters. The convention of 1886 met at Cincinnati, August 25, 26 and 27. Delegates were present from thirty-three chapters. The General Secretary presented a searching and exhaustive report concerning the condition of the college chapters, accompanied by statistics in tabular form, giv- ing almost every desired fact about each chapter. It showed, among other things, that the number of prepar- atory students initiated was steadily growing less. Con- cerning this matter, the convention passed the following resolution : 118 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. That all chapters at which preparatory students are initiated be instructed to make efforts to come to an agreement with their rivals against such initiations, and also to make efforts to induce the college authorities to prohibit such initiations. In a few cases such action on the part of a chapter had the desired effect. Two petitions were presented, one from the Univer- sity of North CaroHna, which was not acted upon, and the other from the University of Denver, which was re- jected, but the directors were requested to continue the dispensation to initiate students at the latter institution. An amendment to the constitution was proposed, which was subsequently ratified by the convention of 1887, making- the subscription to the magazine compulsory on the part of each active member. A motion to remove the magazine to New York was lost, but it was enacted that in future the editor should receive whatever profit resulted from his management as compensation for his labors. A new song-book com- mittee was appointed, and it was ordered that the semi- annual reports of the chapters should thereafter be printed in uniform size and style. The directors were directed to look into the advisabil- ity of establishing chapters at certain named institutions. A person not a student having been initiated by the Bethany chapter, and this being the second offense of the same nature committed by that chapter, his name was ordered dropped from the roll. During the year of 188G-87, several notable Beta g"ath- THE HOADLY DINNER. 119 erings took place — a new England banquet at Boston, February 25, 1887, presided over by Judge P. E. Al- drich. Harvard '44, at which (il members were present. A similar though smaller affair at Baltimore, January 31, and a reception and dinner given to Governor Hoadly by the New York alumni upon the occasion of his re- moval to that city, March 29, at Delmonico's, which brought out a larger number than is frequently seen at conventions;, and which was the first of a series of ban- quets given to prominent members of the fraternity. Another fine banquet was held at Denver, June 15, which brought out the Colorado Betas in force. The General Secretary was absent from the United States during part of the year, and his absence was se- verelv felt. CHAPTER VI. HISTORY. 1887 TO 1893. From the Convention of 1886 to the Convention of i8pj. In January, 1887, a petition was received from the University of Cincinnati, and, being placed before the chapters for a direct vote, was rejected. The North- western chapter having refused to longer initiate stu- dents at the University of Denver, the Kansas chapter asked for the privilege, and the dispensation was issued to it. No chapters were established during the year, and no petitions were put into such shape that they could be acted upon by the convention. During the year, the General Secretary prepared ana issued a manual of information for the guidance of chapter secretaries and others, which was of great ser- vice. The convention of 1887 met at Wooglin, July 20, 1887. Delegates were present from Twenty-seven undergrad- uate and three alumni chapters. Two governors were again present at this convention — James a. Beaver, Jefferson, '56, Governor of Pennsyl- (120) THE CONVENTION OF 1887. 121 vania, and Albert G. Porter, DePauw, '43, Governor of Indiana. The petition from Denver University was presented and rejected, but the directors were requested to continue the dispensation to initiate students there. The charter of the Rutgers chapter was withdrawn. The editor of the magazine was requested to there- after make a report to the convention, and a new stand- ing "Committee on Magazine" was added to the list of regular committees. A new catalogue committee was appointed, and was instructed to print the catalogue in English, without the Greek and Hebrew symbols theretofore employed, and to insert no illustrations except such as might be especially desirable or appropriate. Little legislation was enacted, and that mostly of a negative character. The historiographer was authorized to call for certified copies of all papers and records as he might want them, but as those having such records in charge would not usually make the copies or certify them, the enactment was of little value. The social side of this convention was especially prom- inent, and the many attractions of Wooglin were enjoyed to the utmost. During the year of 1887-88 but little occurred outside of the routine life of the chapters. In January, a somewhat unexpected reunion of the Betas of Southern California took place at Los Angeles. During this same month, the fifth annual reunion of the Ohio chapters took place, and 122 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. the usual banquets in Boston and New York were held without any especial features to note. In the spring the new song book appeared. The 49th convention met at Wooglin, July 24, 25, 26 and 27, 1888. Delegates were present from thirty-two undergraduate and five alumni chapters. Three petitions were placed before the fraternity from Knox College, Pennsylvania State College and the University of Ne- braska. After much discussion they were all granted, as was also the long delayed petition from the University of Denver. The favorable action of the convention was largely due to the extreme care with which the petitioners in each instance had prepared their case. They each pre- sented printed information of the most conclusive char- acter as to their own standing and that of their respec- tive colleges, and answered in advance nearly every ques- tion that could be asked concerning them. They set a high standard in this respect, to which subsequent peti- tioners have been obliged to conform. At this convention the principle of not allowing the representation of a chapter by proxy was affirmed. George Beebe, an alumnus of the Cornell chapter, who had moved to Lawrence, Kansas, the site of the Kansas chapter, and who had frequently attended its meetings, sought to represent them at the convention, but was not permitted to do so. The convention likewise emphat- ically forbade dual fraternity membership, and laid down the following rule concerning resignations : THE CONVENTION OF 1888. 123 No member of this fraternity may resign his membership in any active chapter of the fraternity while he continues a student in the institution wherein said chapter is situated, and still retain his membership in the fraternity at large, excepting by virtue of a special dispensation granted by the board of directors. The saving clause was wisely intended for such an exceptional case as had formerly arisen at the University of Mississippi, where the resignation was caused by non- personal reasons. A feature of the convention was a sermon by Rev. Geo. W. F. Birch, D. D., Washington, '58, from the text, "He is not ashamed to call them brethren." The convention was made notable by the presence of an unusual number of alumni of the preceding generation, and its conservative and careful treatment of the subjects brought before it for discussion may, perhaps, be attrib- uted to that fact. Among other things, the convention carefully considered the standing of a number of col- leges, and ascertained the general sentiment of the fra- ternity concerning the establishment of chapters at such places. The matter of getting out a new edition of the cata- logue was placed in the hands of J. Cal Hanna, and an appropriation was made toward defraying the expenses of the same. The magazine was ordered to discontinue the practice of exchanging with other fraternity periodicals. The Knox chapter was instituted September G, 1888, under the name of Alpha Xi, the Nebraska chapter, Sep- 124 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. tember 13, 1888, under the name of Alpha Tau, the Pennsylvania State chapter, October 4, 1888, under the name of Alpha Upsilon and the Denver chapter, February 28, 1889, under the name of Alpha Zeta.^ Opportunities for the establishment of other chapters speedily arose. Under a dispensation, students at the University of Syracuse were initiated, and an unusually worthy group of petitioners having applied, their request was unanimously granted, and the chapter established January 10, 1889, as Beta Epsilon. Certain students of Wesleyan were also initiated at Amherst and established as a chapter May 17, 1890, taking the name of Mu Epsi- lon. Each of these steps was taken in pursuance of a broader policy than appeared on the surface. Early in the college year, 1888-89, a correspondence had sprung up between certain Betas and the three surviving chapters of the Mystical Seven, one of the oldest of the fraternities, and which had made a splendid reputation at Wesleyan, Syracuse, Emory, Georgia, and elsewhere, but which, as detailed in another chapter, had suflfered reverses, leaving but three chapters living; viz: At the Universitv of Vir- ginia, the University of North Carolina, and Davidson College. At the University of Virginia, the Beta chapter ' The original Knox Chapter was called the Xi and the Randolph Macon Chapter the Alpha Xi. W'hen the roll was rearranged in 1881 as the Knox Chapter was then inactive its name was given to the Randolph Mason Chapter. Alpha Tau was the name of the chapter at William and Mary College, Alpha Upsilon of the chapter at Boston and Alpha Zeta of the one at Chicago. Boston was called Upsilon hy the convention of 1881. When the chapter was re-established at the University of Chicago it was called Lambda Rho. THE MYSTICAL SEVEN. 125 had for four or five years been mainly composed of mem- bers transferred from other chapters, who were pursuing professional studies only, and who lacked the earnest, ac- tive life which a chapter should have. It was felt that the Mystics would form a strong and desirable addition at this place. The two North Carolina chapters would re- vive the inactive Beta chapters at those institutions, the Beta chapters at ^Mississippi and Cumberland would re- vive the inactive Mystic chapters at those places, and it was felt that Beta Theta Pi was strong enough to enter Wesleyan and Syracuse and provide the alumni of the Mystic chapters at those places with proper chapter con- nections. The negotiations finally resulted in the appoint- ment of a committee on each side : for Beta Theta Pi, Wm. Raimond Baird, Stevens, '78, John I. Covington, Miami, '70, and James T. Brown, Cornell, '76; for the Mystical Seven, Herbert Barry, Virginia, '88, E. P. Withers, North Carolina, '88, L. L. Young, Virginia, '90, and R. R. Stevenson, Davidson, 89. The committees met at New York, December 29, 1888, and agreed upon terms which the convention of 1889 modified in some particulars, but which were accepted by the Mystics, and the agreement as modified was accepted by the Convention of 1890. It was somewhat singular that at the time the corres- pondence between Mr. Baird and Mr. Barry originated, J. J. Leake, of the Randolph-Macon chapter, suggested to the General Secretary that such a union would be de- sirable. 126 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Another and somewhat similar move was taking place at Dartmouth. The Sigma Delta Pi society, founded in 1858, had petitioned for a Beta charter under the influ- ence of the Boston chapter, and a committee, composed of Wm. M. Warren, \\\ H. Seibert and C. G. Cushman, re- ported favorably. A dispensation had also been granted to the Stevens chapter for the purpose of initiating students at Rutgers, and had been wisely used in bringing into the fraternity two energetic young men. June 19, 1889, the semi-centennial of the Alpha chapter was celebrated at Miami, in connection with the com- mencement exercises of the university. Two of the founders, Marshall and Knox, were present, and a goodly company of others whose names are sprinkled through our annals. The exercises consisted of an address of welcome by Professor A. D. Hepburn, Jefiferson, '51, fol- lowed by a speech from the president of the university, and then by speeches from John Reily Knox and S. T. Marshall, the two founders present, and Major Ransom, Dr. Reamy, and others. The meeting was presided over by Hon. John W. Herron, who was president of the fra- ternity, and also of the board of trustees of the univer- sity. In the afternoon, there was a ladies' reception at the Western Female Seminary, given by Miss Lelia McKee, daughter of J. L. McKec, Centre, '50, a constant wearer of the Beta badge, and who was the prin- cipal of the seminary, assisted by several ladies. In the evening a banquet was held, and there were present THE CONVENTION OF 1889. 127 representatives from A A $, $ A and A K E, our long-time rivals, pleased to bear witness to the worthiness of their ancient foe. The occasion was also marked by the choice of the rose as the fraternity flower. The convention of 1889 met at Wooglin, July 23. Delegates were present from thirty-four undergraduate and one alumni chapter. Petitions were presented from Cincinnati and Michigan State College, the latter was rejected and the former was allowed to continue initia- tions under dispensation, but were not chartered. Charters were granted to the Dartmouth chapter under the title of Alpha Omega, and to Syracuse under that of Beta Epsil- lon. The Mystical Seven matter was disposed of as prev- iously stated. The Convention also recommended the granting of several dispensations, with subsequent good results. Little change of a legislative character took place. The amendments of the previous convention were ratified and became part of the organic law, and no new laws were enacted. The catalogue editor reported the nature of his work, and how far he had progressed. The magazine was again permitted to exchange with other fraternitv jour- nals, a privilege withdrawn by the convention of the previous year, and the convention ratified and endorsed the selection of the rose as an additional fraternitv em- blem. The social features of the meeting were, as usual, prominent, and though it was pre-eminently a working, convention, it was notable for the amount of pleasure pro- 128 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. vided outside of that derived from fraternal intercourse. The. year 1889-90 opened auspiciously with the con- summation of the union witli the Mystical Seven. The convention had made the union dependent upon the con- sent of the Virginia chapter, whose memhers would be most intimately afifected by it. That chapter was late in its organization for the year, hut on October 12, 1889, Rev. G. W. F. Birch, D. D., and William R. Baird vis- ited the university as special commissioners, and the formal ratifications were exchanged. The chapter at the University of North Carolina was formerly inducted into the fraternity December 7, 1889, under the name of Eta Beta, that at Davidson College February 8, 1890, under the name of Phi Alpha, under the direction of J. J. Leake, who had suggested the union in October. 1888.' In January, 1890, the phrase, "With which has been united the Mystic Messenger," was added to the title of Beta Theta Pi in token of the union. The Wesleyan and Syracuse chapters, which had re- ceived charters as chapters of the Mystical Seven before the union, at once began to take steps to bring into har- monious Beta relations the Mystic alumni of those two chapters. In the spring of 1890. the records of the in- active Mystic chapters in Georgia were recovered, and steps taken to find and bring their alumni into similar re- lations. In November, 1889, a fine body of men at the Univer- ' The former name of the North Carolina Chapter was "I'2ta" and of Davidson "Phi." THE FIRST FLAG. 129 sity of Minnesota were initiated under a dispensation granted to the Wisconsin chapter, and subsequently be- came the Beta Pi chapter. The estabHshment of this chapter was mainly due to the efforts of W. Teis Smith, Iowa Wesleyan, '86 ; Leedom Sharp, Pennsylvania, '81, and Edwin A. Jaggard, Dickinson, '79. During the year the work of reviving the Rutgers chapter was prosecuted vigorously, and a body of petitioners at Rochester were diligently at work preparing their petition and its neces- sary recommendations, and similar work was being done at Lehigh. The petition from the University of Cincin- nati was again placed before the chapters and received their favorable action, and the chapter was formally in- stituted May 30, 1890, under the name of Beta Nu. It was, in effect, a revival of the old Cincinnati chapter, the second one of the fraternity. This petition had been be- fore the chapters for several years, and the applicants had formed themselves into a local society called the X 2 Z, or the Hour Glass Society. During this year, also, a large number of petitions were received which never passed beyond the initial stages. The petition from the Z $ at the University of Missouri had also been placed before the fraternity, but had not received a sufficient number of votes at the date when the convention met, and so it hap- pened that the petition was granted directly by the con- vention. The board of directors, in the spring of 1890, through a committee composed of Frank M. Joyce, Charles M. Hepburn and John I. Covington, selected a flag for the 130 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. fraternity, which action met with general approval. In March, the publication of the Mystic Messenger was be- gun, and continued, as detailed elsewhere. The results, however, hoped from its advent were not secured. Alto- gether, the year was one of great activity. The convention of 1890 assembled at Wooglin, August 25. There were present delegates from thirty-four under- graduate and five alumni chapters. The address of welcome was made by John Reily Knox, one of the founders of the fraternity, and was re- plied to by Governor Beaver, followed by the raising of the fraternity flag above the club house. The orator was Willis O. Robb, and his beautiful address on "Fraternity Humanity" was a delightful exposition of elevated thought. This was followed by the poem by Willis Boughton, Michigan, '81, and a meeting in memoriam of Gen. Robt. W. Smith, of the old Williams chapter. The convention listened to the reading of the Mystic ritual, received and heard read the original copy of the consti- tution of 1839, appointed a committee to revise the ritual, and provided a scheme for paying for the transportation of at least one delegate from each chapter to the conven- tions. It also appointed a committee to draft a revised form of government, and directed that the incorporation of the fraternity be secured beyond reasonable doubt. The following resolution in regard to the relations of alumni and other Betas at a college was passed, as ex- pressing accurately the sentiment of the fraternity: THE HARLAN DINNER. 131 Resolved, That this convention recognizes that the spirit of our fraternity gives full chapter rights and membership to every Beta in any department of an institution wherein any chapter is located, and to the chapter full authority and fraternity jurisdic- tion over every such Beta. That it is highly desirable that it be left to fraternal agree- ment between the chapter and individual Betas in the profession- al and post-graduate departments whether such members shall assume all the responsibilities and privileges belonging to such active members. A practice which has been followed by some chapters for several years was referred to in the following resolu- tion: Resolved, That every chapter shall set apart one session in the first quarter of the college year to discuss general fraternity matters. The year 1890-91 opened with the institution of Z $ at the University of Missouri, October 6, 1890. During the year, the Lehigh dispensation was continued and the chapter slowly and carefully built up. The same was the case with the Rutgers petitioners; and March 5, 1891, a number of students at Yale were initiated under a dis- pensation to the Columbia chapter. The event of the year, however, was the dinner ten- dered to Hon. John M'. Harlan, Centre, '50, one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, at Wormley's Hotel, Washington, February 6, 1891. Prev- ious to that time no similar dinner was ever given by a college fraternity. The committee was composed of emi- nent men, who issued an autograph invitation to attend. 132 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. One hundred and eighty-two guests were present, and the ceremonies proper were preceded by the initiation of David J. Brewer, Wesleyan, '55, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States ; Benjamin S. Minor, Vir- ginia, '86 ; Eugene Withers, North Carohna, '88 ; Frank Andrews, Virginia, '1)1, and Geo. B. Johnston, Virginia, '72, members of the Mystical Seven, and Prof. John R. Eastman, of the U. S. Naval Observatory, Dartmouth, '62, of tiic 2 A 11 society. "Never before in the history of the college fraternities had such eminent candidates appeared together for initiation." The fraternity caught the banqueting fever, and din- ners were held at Syracuse, at Boston, at Newark, Ohio, and at Chicago. The year was otherwise one of quiet work and steady progress. The convention of I8iil met at Wooglin, August 3, and lasted for six days. Delegates were present from fifty-two chapters, ten being unrepresented. The convention was pre-eminently a legislative one. Radical changes were suggested in the system of gov- ernment. The functions before exercised by the board of directors were divided with a new body, called the execu- tive committee, composed of the three general officers, the General Secretary, the General Treasurer and the Alumni Secretary, one of wdiom was to be elected each vear, for the term of three years. This committee was charged with the "executive administration of the affairs of the fraternity." The board of directors retained the corpor- CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES. 133 ate powers vested in them by the law of Ohio and the control of "the surplus funds and properties of the fra- ternity," together with the duty of framing the bond of the General Treasurer. The General Treasurer was made the custodian of the funds of the fraternity and directed to pay them out only upon appropriations made by the general convention, or upon requisitions of the General Secretary or magazine editor, approved by the Alumni Secretary. The funds were thus made payable to the persons who needed to use them, and the Alumni Secre- tary was made an auditing officer. These were constitu- tional changes, and were subject to the approval of the next convention. The changes made in the laws were, that the convention minutes should be made a special number of the maga- zine, the chapter semi-annual letters were abolished and annual letters from each chapter provided for, all of them to be collected and published as a special or supple- mental number to the magazine, the subscription price of which was raised to two dollars except to the younger alumni of three years' standing or less, to whom the price continued to be one dollar. These changes were all in the direction of increasing the amount and availability of the information concern- ing the fraternity, and placing the administration of its affairs and the disbursing of its funds in the hands of the officers whose duty it was to suggest and advise executive movements and the payment of money. It will be remembered that the petition from the Uni- 134 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. vcrsity of Rochester had been rejected by the preceding convention and a dispensation issued to the Cornell chapter. This chapter had declined to use it.^ Three petitions came before the convention from Le- high, Rutg-crs and Yale, and were all granted ; to Lehigh as "Beta Chi/' to Rutgers under its old name of "Beta Gamma," and to Yale under the name of "Phi Chi." The Kenyon and Pennsylvania chapters had virtually become inactive during the year, and the charter of the latter was withdrawn, but at the earnest request of two Kenyon alumni, W. K. L. Warwick and J. Ed. Good, the charter of the former was placed in their hands, with good future results. The formal installation of the Lehigh chapter took place October 1, 1891, of the revived Rutgers chapter a little later in the same month, and of the Yale chapter February 19, 1892. During the year 1891-92, petitions were received from Buchtel College, the University of Illinois, Washington & Lee University and U. S. Grant University, and move- ments for chapters at other places were set on foot, but none of them could secure the necessary preliminary rec- ommendations. The year was one of internal development and work. Some chapters were strengthened, district reunions and other gatherings were frequent. A dinner at Baltimore February 26, called Wm. M. Springer and Justice Brewer from the capitol, and a series of gatherings of this ' The petitioners subsequently secured a charter from Theta Delta Ch'. THE CONVENTION OF 1892. 135 kind, fittingly terminated April 16, 1892, with a dinner given to John W. Noble, Secretary of the Interior, at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York City. This, though not so large a gathering as the dinner to Justice Harlan, was well attended, attracted much public attention, and was made more of by the press of the country than the con- ventions of many fraternities, doubtless owing to the prominence of the guests and some of the speakers. Gov- ernor Beaver, of Pennsylvania, presided. During the year, also, considerable interest was mani- fested in a proposed exhibit of the college fraternities at the World's Fair, chiefly incited by R. Lee Fearn, Stev- ens, '84, who was Secretary of the Foreign Department at the fair. The proposed exhibit was not brought together in time, the necessary co-operation of other fraternities could not be secured, and the project was finally aban- doned. The convention of 1892 met at Wooglin, August 3. Delegates were present from thirty-seven undergraduate and three alumni chapters. The amendments to the constitution passed by the con- vention of 1891 were ratified, and thus became part of the organic law of the fraternity. The payment of the annual dues was made a prerequisite to the representation of a chapter at a convention, and were fixed at a sum which would include the payments theretofore made on account of the magazine, the railroad tax and the general expense account. The charter of the Pennsylvania chapter was with- 136 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. drawn, and a few of the chapters were placed on proba- tion on account of sundry delinquencies in their work. No charters were granted, but dispensations were directed to be issued to the Northwestern chapter to initiate stu- dents at the newly revived University of Chicago, and to the California chapter to initiate students at the Leland Stanford University. The first Annual, composed of the chapter letters, and comprising a volume of 250 pages and replete with in- formation concerning the fraternity, was presented to this convention. During the year 1892-93, the subject of a representa- tion of the fraternity at the World's Fair quite generally engaged the attention of the chapters. The dispensation for the University of Chicago was exercised by the Northwestern chapter, September 30, 1892, and six students of the class of '94 and '96 were initiated. No other chapters were established or at- tempted during the year, but there was an unusual num- ber of informal gatherings at Baltimore. Washington, New York, Denver, Boston, and other Beta centers of activity. The new plan whereby the aflfairs of the fraternity were to be administerbd by the Executive Committee whereas the law of Ohio under which the fraternity was incorporated prescribed that such powers should be vested in the Board of Directors, produced the natural result of introducing confusion into the administration of the fra- ternity. Each body sought to exercise exclusively the THE CONVENTION OF 1893. 137 functions conferred upon it by the fraternity and the state respectively. As each body was composed of earn- est, loyal Betas the situation became painful and contin- ued to be a source of trouble for a few years until the two bodies were practically merged into a harmonious board of trustees. The convention of 1893 met at Wooglin, July 26. Delegates were present from forty-eight undergraduate with five alumni chapters. The convention granted a charter to the petitioners from the University of Chicago, withdrew the charter of the chapter at Randolph-Macon College and attached a limiting condition to that of the Mississippi chapter. Other legislation was had looking to improvement in the routine work of the fraternity, and it was also order- ed that the magazine be moved from Cincinnati to New York. The World's Fair at Chicago undoubtedly was the cause of the meagre attendance of visitors at this con- vention, but its work was well and loyally done. This was the last convention held at Wooglin. CHAPTER VII. History iSg^-iQod. From the Convention of i8p^ to the Present Time. During- the year 1893-94, the progress of the frater- nity was noticeable in many directions. The adminis- tration of the Executive Committee was firmer and it felt that it had the confidence of the fraternity and was not afraid to exercise the power which had been entrust- ed to it. In an eflfort to harmonize the relations between it and the Board of Directors the members of this com- mittee had been chosen Directors. This was of some value, but, as a matter of fact, the powers of the Directors as prescribed by the law of Ohio overlapped those of the Executive Committee as prescribed by the fraternity and, as each body sought to do their duty and each perform all of such functions, an irreconcilable conflict arose. There was during the year considerable heated corres- pondence arising out of the difficulties of this situation. The discord was, however, ignored in the Beta Theta Pi and the underg-raduatcs knew little of it. The Kenyon chapter was revived in September, 1893, with a fine body of men secured through the efforts of J. Ed. Good, Kenyon, '84, Alonzo M. Snyder, Kenyon, '85, and Arthur H. Billman, Wooster, '95, the latter hav- ing emigrated from Wooster to Kenyon to help the (138) THE CONVENTION OF 1894. 139 movement. The chapter at the University of Chicago was estabHshed January 26, 1894. No name was as- signed to it but it temporarily assumed the name of "AP" which it was permitted to retain. During the year, un- der dispensations, students were initiated at Stanford University and New York University with a view to es- tabHshing chapters at those institutions. AppHcations for chapters were also received from Central University (Missouri) William Jewell College (Missouri) Baker University (Kansas) and from the Gamma Digamma Kappa Society at Washington & Lee University. None of these petitions were favorably acted upon. All of the chapters were in good condition with the exception of those at Columbia, Harvard and Missis- sippi. During this year the Betas at Chicago gave a banquet to John I. Covington in deserved recognition of his pre- eminent services to the fraternity. At the usual reunion of the Ohio chapters at Columbus, Gen. John B. Gordon, Georgia, '58, an eminent member of the Mystical Seven, was initiated. The convention of 1894 met at Niagara Falls, July 24, 1894. Delegates were present from all of the under- graduate chapters except Columbia, Johns Hopkins, North Carolina, Richmond^ Bethany, Hanover and Iowa. Eight alumni chapters were represented. Mel- ville D. Landon, Colgate, '61, (Eli Perkins) was the orator and Harmon S. Babcock, Brown, '74, was the poet. 140 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. The convention granted a charter to the petitioners from Stanford who had been initiated under the dispen- sation above mentioned. The charter of the Mississippi chapter was placed in the hands of the Executive Com- mittee. A petition from Tuft's College was rejected. A dispensation was ordered to be issued to the Stevens chapters to initiate students at the New York Univer- sity. This convention enacted much legislation in a fruit- less endeavor to harmonize the relations between its two discordant executive bodies. It also received and ac- cepted the report of William R. Baird announcing the publication of "Fraternity Studies" authorized by the convention of 1893. The magazine management was approved and continued. This was the first convention not held at Wooglin in a number of years and many of the convention veterans seemed to enjoy the change. . During the college year 1894-95 the fraternity con- tinued to be hampered by the lack of harmony between the trustees and the Executive Committee. The directors practically did nothing except to approve of the bond of the treasurer, adjust the claim of Charles M. Hepburn, the former editor and business manager of the Beta Theta Pi^ and to inquire into the status of the incorpor- ation of the fraternity. It was ascertained that in 1879 all the requirements of the Ohio law had not been com- plied with and the directors thereupon reincorporated themselves under date of March 1(5, 1895. The General Treasurer refused, however, either to inform the directors THE BEAVER DINNER. 141 of his receipts and expenditures, or to permit them to supervise his accounts, claiming to be responsible only to the convention. In effect, the Executive Committee continued to administer the affairs of the Fraternity. One chapter was established during the year, the "A 2" at Stanford. The Mississippi chapter made sev- eral initiations, and the Harvard, Yale, and Columbia chapters showed marked improvement. A dispensation was issued to the Lehigh chapter to initiate students at the University of Pennsylvania with a view to the re- vival of the Phi chapter. The dispensation to Stevens to initiate men at New York University was not exer- cised. Several movements for chapters were projected. Petitions were received from the Universities of Ten- nessee, Vermont and Arkansas. Applications for char- ters were made by the last surviving chapters of $ * at Washington and Lee, and William and Mary, to revive the inactive Beta chapters at those colleges, but they did not receive the support of the nearby chapters. A movement was also started at the State University of Washington. In connection with the usual reunion of district III, a dinner was given at Philadelphia to Governor Beaver of Pennsylvania, April 25th, 1895. There were many re- unions and banquets throughout the year and alumni chapters were organized in Philadelphia, St. Louis and Boston. The magazine management sent the issue of the magazine containing the annual reports to practi- 142 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. cally all of the alumni for the first time and it awakened much interest. Two deaths occurred during- the year, which were of serious moment. Samuel Taylor Marshall., one of the surviving- founders of the fraternity, and John I. Cov- ington, both died. Covington was one of the most un- selfish and devoted enthusiasts the fraternity world ever produced. B © 11 is indebted to him for many of its best features. His death was widely and keenly felt. The convention of 1895 was held at the Chicago Beach Hotel. July 23-27. It was well attended and the Chi- cago alumni exerted themselves to entertain the visiting Betas. No charters were granted by this convention, but the petition from the University of Pennsylvania was or- dered to be submitted to the chapters for action as soon as the college year opened, and the dispensation to the Stevens chapters to initiate men at New York Univer- sity was ordered discontinued. The charter of the Richmond chapter was withdrawn. The directors, in their report to this convention, com- plained that the Treasurer had neglected to inform them concerning the receipts and expenditure of money and in- sisted that their legal rights be recognized. The chairman of the Committee on Constitution and Jurisprudence who had long been a director and one of the most active in en- deavoring- to secure its control of the fraternity's finances framed and submitted to the convention enactments de- signed to accomplish such purpose. These were reject- THE CODE COMMISSION. 143 ed by the convention whereupon most of the directors re- signed. Their places were promptly filled. In order to remedy the lack of harmony in the gov- erning bodies of the fraternity, a code commission was appointed to draft a new constitution and laws which should prevent the continuance of the undesirable con- dition then existing. The General Treasurer reported that he was frequent- ly in doubt from what location to pay the railroad fare of some of the delegates. He said one New England chap- ter had twice been represented by a member residing in Florida and who claimed mileage from his place of res- idence and that other similar discrepancies had arisen and he asked for instructions. A'fter some discussion, the treasurer was ordered to pay the fare of the dele- gates from his residence and not from the location of the chapter which he represented. The revised ritual was received and ordered to be printed for trial by the chapters. An attempt was made to solidify the districts and consolidate their influence by the passage of a resolu- tion that the districts should elect and recommend to the president of each convention nominees for the commit- tee on chapters and charters. This attempt to control the action of the president was not repeated at subse- quent conventions and the resolution has never since been followed. A pleasant incident of the meeting was the receipt 144 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. from the 2 X, assembled in convention at Cincinatti, a telegram reading: "The youngest sister of Miami's triad sends greeting to the eldest." Which was appropriately replied to. The public exercises consisted of an address by John J. Lentz, Wooster, '81, and a poem by Don D. Donnan, Iowa, '85. The year 1895-6 was uneventful. The reorganized directors did nothing except to consider matters so strictly within their sphere of action that there could be no question about it, and the Executive Committee admin- istered the affairs of the fraternity efficiently. Two banquets given during the college year, one at Philadelphia to Mr. Justice Brewer, of the Supreme Court, and the other at Boston to Alonzo P. Car- penter, Williams, '49, of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire ; Johns Hopkins, Dartmouth, '02, of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, and William T. Elmer, Wesleyan, '58, of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, attracted some public attention. The petition from the University of Pennsylvania placed before the chapters was granted. The Phi chap- ter thus re-established received an unexpected accession of strength from the fact that just prior to its installa- tion the T A society which had been petitioning A A ^ for a charter, withdrew such petition and joined the Beta applicants. The Mississippi chapter did not improve. An epi- THE NEW CONSTITUTION. 145 demic caused an unusual temporary decrease in its at- tendance and this became permanent by the active soHc- itation of rival institutions. During the year much ac- tivity was manifested by the chapters in entering chapter houses, seven being added to the list. The reunions were numerous and enthusiastic, all of the districts but three having banquets in connection with them. The reactionary spirit of the Chicago convention dis- couraged petitions for charters and only two such move- ments took place during the year, namely, the one at the New York University and the other at the ]\Iassachusetts Institute of Technology. The code commission consisting of Major Ranson, J. Cal Hanna and William A. Hamilton, worked hard during the year preparing a new constitution. The convention of 1896 was held at the White Sul- phur Springs, West Va., July 28th-31st. The weather was intensely hot and tried the patience of the delegates and the debates were consequently sharp in tone. In fact, the differences of opinion which arose made all un- comfortable and in many respects the convention lacked hannony. But it did important work and the temporary discord soon disappeared and was forgotten. The new constitution was adopted so far as it could be done, as it required the action o^f two successive con- ventions to make a change in the organic law. Most of the recommendations of the commission were accepted unaltered but a proposed provision making the conven- tions biennial instead of annual was rejected. 146 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. The principal changes were the abolition of the Ex- ecutive Committee, the reduction of the number of direc- tors to six and the inclusion of the president, general secretary and general treasurer among that number. One-third of the trustees/ that is, one officer and one trustee were to be elected each year. The office of alum- ni secretary was abolished. The commission restricted the constitution closely to a statement of a plan of government and left the regu- lation of matters of administration to be governed by a series of laws. They also reported that an examination of the legal questions involved and the receipt of opin- ions from the Attorney General and Secretary of the State of Ohio enabled them to report that the laws of Ohio placed no restriction upon the residence of any of the trustees, thus getting rid of a great stumbling block. The code commission was continued and instructed to prepare a system of laws in harmony with the pro- visions of the new constitution. The convention rejected the petition from the New York University and discouraged a petition from the Indianapolis alumni for the re-establishment of the chap- ter at Butler University. The public exercises consisted of an address on "The Fraternity as an Element of National Unity," by John S. Wise, Virginia, '(i7, and a poem on The Legend of WoogHn, by Francis H. Sisson, Knox, '92. * From 1879 to 1897 the directors were usually called "directors," since that time they have been called "trustees." The legal significance of the two words is the same. NEW CONSTITUTION AND LAWS. 147 The college year 1896-97 was uneventful. No chap- ters were established during the year, and no petitions were presented to the fraternity, for the first time in its history. The rejection of applications from New York University, University of Vermont, Tufts College, and a number of other well known institutions had fright- ened ofif applicants and discouraged the alumni. Much work was done however in the direction of improving the administration of the fraternity. The convention of 1897 took place at Niagara Falls July 16-20. Its most important work was the formal and final adoption of the new constitution and the con- sideration of an entire system of laws, which were adopt- ed practically as presented. The power to issue dispen- sations was given to the trustees, and they were also giv- en a veto power upon the legislation of the conventions to be exercised by a vote of four members within one month after the publication of the minutes and concern- ing any subject except the granting or revoking of a charter. This power is a safeguard and happily its exercise has seldom been called for. The manner of providing for the payment of money was also modified requiring payments by the general treasurer upon war- rants signed by the president. There were in reality few changes in the laws but their arrangement was improved and their language clarified. It should be said here that since the enact- ment of this code and constitution, no questions of inter- pretation have arisen under it, and the constitution has 148 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. not required ainendment. At this convention the en- tire Board of Trustees resigned, the Executive Com- mittee went out of ofBce and new trustees were elect- ed, viz: Wilham A. Hamilton, President, J. Cal Hanna, General Secretary, Charles L. Thornburg-, General Treasurer, and Willis O. Robb, Francis H. Sisson, and Campbell J. McDiarmid. The committee on chapters and charters at this con- vention recommended the withdrawal of the charters of three chapters and thus began a movement on the part of a 'few chapters which has been a source of unrest to all the chapters in the small colleges ever since. The year 1897-1898 was another one of quiet growth and progress. It was saddened by the death of John Reily Knox which occurred Feb. 7th, 1898. No apjilications were made for chapters. The only move- ment in this direction was made by a local society at Columbian University (since re-named George Wash- ington University) at Washington, D. C. and that did not pass throgh the initial stages. The board of trustees held four meetings during the year and did its wirk ably. The Yale chapter, which had been the object of some solicitude on the part of the chapters, was investigated thoroughly by Willis O. Robb and an accurate statement of its condition and prospects presented to the fraternity. The Vanderbilt chapter suffered a serious decline and the North Carolina and Mississippi chapters were not in as good condition as desired, but the Columbia chapter steadily improved. DEATH OF JOHN REILY KNOX. 149 The General Secretary re-arranged the districts slightly, putting the two chapters on the Pacific coast in a new- district and transferring Michigan from District VII to District VIII. The war with Spain took away from the chapters some of their most earnest workers. During this year the Cornell chapter attempted to expel one of its alumni members for non-payment of dues ac- cruing while he was an undergraduate. The trustees declined to permit this but offered under the laws to as- sume original jurisdiction of the case if a proper com- plaint were made. The general treasurer was better sustained during the year than ever before and the administrative system worked smoothly and well. The convention of 1898 was held at Cincinnat, July 19-22. It adopted the code of laws and appointed a committee to provide a suitable memorial of Pater Knox. It authorized the Lambda chapter to place upon its roll the names of David M. Cooper and Horatio W. Shaw, dropped at their own request in 1847. It considered the question of the relations of the alumni to the under grad- uates without any particular conclusion being arrived at and performed admirably a lot of routine work. The social side of the convention received ample attention and the generous hospitality of the Cincinnati Betas was thoroughly enjoyed by all. The year 1897-98 closed the term as general treas- urer of Charles L. Thornburg. He systematized the ISO HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. work of his office, put into effect many novel and effi- cient features of administration and left it with the gen- eral regret of the fraternity. The year 1898-99 was one during which the frater- nity practically stood still, if it did not actually retro- grade. The long discord between the executive com- mittee and the trustees had its result in lack of enthus- iasm and interest in some of the chapters, and the unsettled business conditions resulting from the war with Spain, and the hostile attitude of many of the chapters toward natural efforts at expansion, all had their natural effect. rXiring the year no chapters were established and but one petition for a charter was received. This was made by a local fraternity at the University of West Virginia. The Cumberland chapter at the close of the year sur- rendered its charter on account of a lack of suitable ma- terial in the undergraduate department of Cumberland University and the fluctuating character of the attend- ance in the professional schools. The Vanderbilt, Beth- any, Hampden-Sidney and North Carolina chapters were in rather poor condition during the year and the Mississippi chapter was moribund. The remainder of the chapters were in good condition. During the year, the Cornell chapter preferred charges against the alumnus previously referred to for non-payment of chapter dues owing from his undergrad- uate days and he was tried, convicted and expelled. The convention of 1899 met at Niagara Falls, N. Y., July 28th-Aug. 1st. It granted no charters and distinct- NEW CATALOGUE ISSUED. 151 ly discouraged suggestions for chapters at the Univer- sities of West Virginia and Washington and at Drury College (Mo.) It considered the matter of member- ship in N E and similar inter-class, inter-fraternity societies and forbade Betas to join the same, except up- on a dispensation of the trustees issued upon the appli- cation for a chapter by a two-thirds majority vote and then the dispensation was to be for one year only. The alumni relations of the fraternity were carefully considered and discussed and a law enacted directing the trustees to send to the alumni a general letter every four years and to the alumni of every inactive chapter every year. A new pledge button was adopted and a new de- sign 'for a flag was suggested and a standard form of badge was adopted. A committee was appointed to place at Miami Uni- versity a memorial tablet commerative of John Reily Knox and his part in founding the fraternity. At this convention the catalogue completely printed and bound was presented and Brother Hanna's eleven years work on it was finished. He also retired as general secre- tary after an unprecedented term of most efficient service. During 1899-00 the Board of Trustees, acting under the mandate of the convention, sent committees to in- spect the Mississippi, North Carolina and Vanderbilt chapters. As a result of the work, the last two chapters were rescued from a perilous condition. The Columbia and Yale chapters steadily improved and the Lehigh in- creased its membership. The Harvard chapter began. 152 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. however, to acquire the attitude of distrust and discon- tent which finally led to the revocation of its charter, and the Colg^ate chapter was torn with dissensions arising out of the N E problem. The new general secretary certainly had his hands full. During the latter part of the year 1S99 a number of movements for chapters attracted attention. Two of them, viz: at the University of West Virginia and the University of Colorado had previously been discouraged. Another arose at Bowdoin College and yet others at Washington University (St. Louis), Austin College, at Sherman, Texas, and the University of South Dakota. The first three secured the necessary preliminary en- dorsements, but the others did not. On June 15, 1900, the committee appointed for that purpose unveiled the bronze tablet at Miami in memory of John Reily Knox. It was placed in the wall at Miami on almost the exact site of the room occupied by Knox in 1839. It is of bronze, -i ft. by 2, and has in relief at the right a bust portrait of Knox surrounded by a laurel wreath and surmounting three stars and at the left in raised letters the words : 'Tn 1839 John Reily Knox and his associates founded here the Fraternity of Beta Theta Pi." It was the work of Prof. C. J. Barnhorn, of Cincin- nati. At the exercises attending the unveiling a few in- troductory remarks were made by Rev. David S. Tap- pan, Miami, 'G4, president of the University. The tab- let was then presented to the University by Bishop David J-CKld t^^lA' [dvO^- V ,^ -a ^^X^ Bronze Tablet In Memory of John Reily Knox. THREE NEW CHAPTERS. 153 H. Moore, Ohio, "60, and accepted by John W. Herron, Miami, '45, president of the Board of Trustees of the University. It was a curious demonstration of the close relation between the fraternity and Miami that the col- lege officials were Betas. The convention of 1900 met at Put-in-Bay Island in Lake Erie, August 28-31. Four chapters were unrep- resented. The convention received the report of the committee with respect to the indebtedness incurred in the publi- cation of a catalogue and provided for its payment. It provided a new flag much more dignified than the pre- vious one. It arranged for the revision of the ritual, and the publication of a new edition of the song book. Three petitions for charters were acted upon by this convention and all were granted; these were from the B * society at the University of West Virginia, the B T n society at the University of Colorado, and the Sword and Shield society at Bowdoin College. The movement at Washington University was encouraged by a resolution. The year 1900-01 was one of much activity and some progress. The trustees held six meetings and found plenty to do. The chapters chartered by the convention of 1900 were instituted as follows : West Virginia, September 15, 1900, under the name of "B *" ; Bowdoin, Oct. 12, 1900, under the name of "B 2" and Colorado, Oct. 20, 1900, under the name of "B T." Later in the year the 154 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. old Alpha Iota chapter at Washington University, St. Louis, was re-established by the absorption of a local society. The vote on this application was taken by mail, and the thoroughness with which the petitioners pre- sented their cause was awarded by the prompt affirma- tive action of the chapters. The Colgate chapter which had much trouble over some of its members joining © N E managed to over- come the difficulty and entered upon a renewed career of prosperity. The Mississippi chapter finally became ex- tinct, but the Vanderbilt and North Carolina chapters picked up courage and improved their condition consid- erably. Yale and Columbia also made advances. At Harvard, however, the local club spirit became so strong that it was felt that the fraternity could no longer keep its self-respect and permit the chapter to retain its char- ter. There was no open rupture but the chapter ceased to initiate and returned its charter and records to the trustees. Its members, or the larger part of them, formed a club called "The Calumet Club," the princi- ples and practices of which were more in accord with Harvard conditions than those of Beta Theta Pi. The Minnesota chapter purchased a house and In- diana, Syracuse, Ohio and Bowdoin chapters became householders. A great revival of interest took place this year among the alumni, and besides a dinner to Governor Odell at the Waldorf Astoria in New York City, on Feb. 1, 1901, there were banquets at many cities, including Columbus. THE CONVENTION OF 1901. 155 Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Indianapolis, Seattle, Newark, O., Aiken, S. C, and other places. The unprecedented action of the fraternity in simul- taneously granting three charters in 1900 and re-estab- lishing the chapter at Washington University in 1901, gave encouragement to many groups of students or local societies, and movements for chapters were started at Cornell College, (Iowa), University of Vermont, Lake Forest University, Centenary College (Louisiana) and the Universities of Illinois, Tennessee, Washington and South Dakota. The convention of 1901 was held at Lakewood-on- Chautauqua, Aug. 27th-31st. It enacted no legislation and suggested none. It returned to the Vanderbilt and North Carolina chapters their charters which had been in the hands of the trustees and it formally withdrew the charters of the chapters at Mississippi and Harvard. It rejected the petitions from the Universities of Tennes- see and Illinois, but gave leave to the petitioners at the latter place to renew their application and it granted a charter to the IT © society at the University of Wash- ington. The social feature of this convention were prominent, all who attended had a pleasant time, there was perfect harmony, little difference of opinion concerning anything brought forward for discussion and much opportunity for manifestations of good fellowship. Arrangements were made for the publication of a 156 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. new edition of the song- book and the final settlement of the catalogue debt. The year 1901-02 was another one of steady prosper- ity and progress. No one of the chapters was in poor condition, all were either as good or better than before. No lack of harmony was found anywhere, no expul- sions or suspensions took place and not a single case of discipline arose during the year. The chapter at Washington State University was in- stalled as "B n" chapter, December 20, 1901. One of the chapters attempted to have the action of the conven- tion in granting this chapter annulled, under the provis- ion of the constitution which makes it possible for one- half of the chapters to annul any action of the convention by filing notice with the General Secretary of their dis- approval of such action within three months, but only four chapters Stanford, Michigan, Virginia and Penn- sylvania indorsed such action and the attempt failed. At the reunion of the chapters of District VIII in No- vember, 1901, a resolution was passed with the approval of every chapter in the district asking for a mail vote upon the application for a charter from the University of Illinois. This request was complied with and the result was that the charter was granted and the chapter estab- lished February 28, 1902, under the name of "2 P." During the year, the Cornell and Bowdoin chapters entered houses of their own which were described in the magazine. Many gatherings of the alumni took place, not only in the large cities but at Denver, Dayton, THE MINNETONKA CONVENTION. 157 Bangor, Cedar Rapids and other places of similar size. At the New York dinner the Rutgers chapter initiated, under permission of the convention, seven of the group of former students at New York University who had petitioned for a charter at the White Sulphur Springs convention. During the year new roll books were published, and a new song book, the latter under the editorship of Hor- ace G. Lozier, Chicago, '94, who has done so much to improve the standard of the singing within the frater- nity. Several movements for chapters took place during the year at Lafayette, Purdue, Bucknell, Lake Forest, and the Universities of Arizona, Arkansas and Ken- tucky, but an actual petition was presented only from the institution last named when the convention assembled. The convention of 1902 was held at Lake Minneton- ka, Minnesota, July 8-12. It was far away from the center of Beta population but the attendance of alumni was good and all of the chapters but three or four were represented. No legislation was enacted, no charters were granted, and practically only routine business was transacted. The Minnesota Betas entertained the visit- ors royally and the social features of the gathering were prominent. , The year 1902-03 saw no unusual development in the life of the fraternity. It made steady progress. The Michigan and Dartmouth chapters built houses, there was a splendid dinner given at the Waldorf Astoria 158 HANDBOOK OI- BETA THETA PI. to the three Beta g-overnors of Massachusetts, New York and \'irg-inia, and reunions were held at Dayton, Hart- ford and Los Angeles in addition to the usual ones in the large cities. No chapters were estahlished during the year. Petitioning bodies developed at Cumberland University, the Colorado School of Mines and Purdue University. It was a year of internal improvement and growth. The convention of 1903 met at Put-in-Bay Island, July 16-20. All of the chapters were represented but two. It was a harmonious and efficient assemblage. The matter of the ritual was settled and the new song book was presented and an enlivening and instructive address on the singing of fraternity songs was delivered by Horace G. Lozier, Chicago, '94, its editor. No legis- lation was enacted. A chapter was granted to the peti- tioners at Purdue University. Some other locations for chapters were discussed intelligently and one of the chapters was investigated by the appropriate committee. The year 1903-04 was one of internal improvement. There were an unusual number of cases of discipline showing a higher standard of college conduct develop- ing in the chapters. The Iowa, North Carolina, Rut- gers and Maine chapters became the owners of houses. The Purdue chapter was established September 16, 1903, and given the name "B M.'' The \''anderbilt chap- ter was directly assisted by the trustees to get upon its feet and its few members did heroic work in reestablish- ing it upon a firm basis. The trustees formulated a plan THE CONVENTION OF 1904. 159 for the publication of a new edition of the catalogue. All of the chapters increased their strength and im- proved their standing. During this year an unusual number of applications for chapters were made to the fraternity. Informal and incomplete applications were received from M'cGill Univer- sity, University of the South, Tulane, Simpson College and the University of Nevada and formal petitions from A M A of Kentucky University, B 4> of Colorado College, B T of the University of South Dakota, the Crucible Club of the Colorado School of Mines^ A Y of Bucknell Uni- versity, A K of the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland, the $ society at Hobart and two local socie- ties at the Iowa State College, the r A and the "Tri- Serps," The convention of 1904 met at The Highlands Inn, Meramec Highlands, a suburb of St. Louis, July 19.-22. Its work was much encroached upon by the social at- tractions of the city and the desire to visit the World's Fair. The hotel had rather inadequate accommodations for such a large assembly and some of the sessions were held under conditions of physical discomfort. No legislation was enacted by this convention except an amendment to the laws increasing the annual dues one dollar per annum in order to provide a catalogue fund. No charters were granted but a dispensation was given to the Western Reserve chapter to initiate students at the Case School of Applied Science. Every chapter was represented by a delegate for the 160 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. first time in many years. The fact that the president of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was David R. Fran- cis, Ex-governor of Missouri and a member of the Wash- ington chapter, seemed to give every Beta a personal in- terest in tlie exposition. The year 1904-05 was marked by a general discus- sion throughout the fraternity of the matter of with- drawing the charters of some of the chapters in small in- stitutions, and no great prospects and of what came to be known as the "transfer problem" or the status of a member who left one institution to go to another, in the chapter at the second institution. Early in the year a mail vote was taken upon the ap- plication for a charter made by the Lambda Kappa so- ciety of the Case School of Applied Science the charter was granted by a vote of 52 to 7 and the chapter was es- tablisihcd February 28, 1905. and given the name of "A K." It has since brought into the fraternity most of the alumni of the local society from which it sprang. The chapters during the year seemed to undergo a searching self examination and many of them exhibited marked internal improvement. The avow^ed purpose of some of the chapters at larger institutions to secure the withdrawal of the charters of those at some of the smaller institutions quickened the latter into renewed and profitable activity. The Missouri and Yale chapters secured houses and other chapters made gratifying progress toward the same end. No cases of discipline arose during the year. THE TRANSFER PROBLEM. 161 The trustees made a contract with William R. Baird and James T. Brown to edit and publish a new edition of the fraternity catalogue and the work was commenced and pushed forward during the year. As in preceding years, applications to the fraternity for chapters were numerous and insistent informal pe- tions came from Lake Forest University, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, the Universities of Oklahoma, Ne- vada and Utah, and formal applications from Kentucky University, the Colorado School of Mines, Iowa State College, the University o'f South Dakota and Bucknell University. The convention of 1905 was held at New York City, July 11-15 at the Park Avenue Hotel. The New York Betas entertained the visitors at the sea shore and in the city so well that the delegates found it difficult to get time to do their work, but they nevertheless did it and did it well. A charter was granted to the Tri-Serp So- ciety, petitioners from Iowa State College and the other applications were denied. The transfer problem was settled by an amendment to Section 22 of the Laws providing that the chapter at an institution to which a member removes could elect him to membership in the chapter. The former law was that merely by the fact of his attendance at an institu- tion where a chapter is located, a member at once be- came a member of the second chapter. The change per- mitted the chapter a choice in the matter and arose out of conditions at some of the larger colleges where chap- 162 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. ters were overwhelmed by the inflow of transfers. The new rule has worked satisfactorily in practice and no difficulties have arisen under it. The trustees made a report giving the result of an investigation made into the condition of one o'f the chap- ters and recommended that it be put on probation and asked authority to investigate the condition of some seven other chapters which was granted. Membership in N E and similar organizations was severely condemned. The attendance at this convention was larger than that at any previous convention and exceeded 500. The chapter at Iowa State College was installed No- vember 25, 1905, under the direction of Robert M. Thompson and given the name of "T 2." In December, 1905, the seventh edition of the cata- logue was issued. This was prepared, edited and printed in the unprecedentedly short time of thirteen months. The Crucible Club of the Colorado School of Mines petitioned that their application for a charter should be submitted to a mail vote, and this being done it did not receive a sufficient number of affirmative votes. During the year the chapters maintained their uni- formly high standard. Many movements looking to- ward the acquisition of charters were undertaken, some of them at Lake Forest, Bucknell, Baker, Arkansas, Rose- Polytechnic and the Universities of Toronto, Oklahoma,. Utah and Nevada. An investigation of a number of the chapters was un- THE DENVER CONVENTION. 163 dertaken by committees of the trustees and their condi- tion, standing- and prospects thoroughly inquired into. It was found that all were doing well and deserved the fraternity's support and encouragement, and that those which were not as strong as could be desired were as strong as their environment would permit. The convention of 1906 met at Denver July 23-28. It was somewhat of an experiment to go so 'far from the center of Beta population but its success justified the trial. In order to secure it the Betas of Colorado guar- anteed to pay the difiference between the normal trans- portation expense and that incurred by the extra travel required. Having secured the convention they carried out a unique program of entertainment which in addi- tion to the usual features included an excursion up the Moffat road to the summit of the Continental Divide and the land of perpetual snow. The convention granted a charter to the © Z society of the University of Toronto and rejected the other applications before it. It passed a stringent law forbidding membership in N E and kin- dred organizations. It passed one resolution requesting the chapter to confine their initiation ceremonies of all kinds to their own hall or house, and another seeking to restrict the badge to its proper purpose and discouraging its use as a merely decorative emblem. It also provided for the examination of initiates in the principal facts of the fraternity history. The year 1906-'07 was another year of prosperity. The "0 Z" chapter at the University df Toronto was in- 164 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Stalled November 1), li)0(;, at Buffalo, N. Y. The Syra- cuse. Dickinson and Ohio State chapters purchased or built fine chapter houses. Many banquets and reunions were held and one especially large dinner at the Hotel Astor, New York City. The New York City alumni or- ganized a club and secured a fine club house, thus con- summating a long expressed desire of the Betas in that locality. CHAPTER VIII. Federal Members of the Association. Twice in its history our fraternity has united with itself other college fraternities — in 1879 the A 2 X, and in 1890 the Mystical Seven — and at four other times it has taken into the fold the last surviving chapter of a general organization, the Mississippi chapter of A K 4>, the Brown chapter of $ K A, the Dartmouth chapter of 2 A 11, and the Missouri chapter of Z $. In addition to this, a number of our chapters were originally estab- lished as chapters of other fraternities, or as local so- cieties. These have all been mentioned in their proper places in the preceding chapters, but some of them seemed to merit more extended notice. THE ALPHA KAPPA PHI. This was a fraternity founded at Centre College, Ky., about 1858. Chapters were placed at a number of southern colleges, such as Cumberland and LaGrange, in Tennessee ; Oakland and the University in Missis- sippi ; Bethel in Kentucky, and perhaps elsewhere. The fraternity was crippled by the war, but was reorganized in 186fi. The Psi chapter, which had been established at the University of Mississippi, was left the sole sur- (165) 166 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA I'l. viving chapter when the parent chapter became inactive in 18T8, and in 1879 it received a charter as the "B B" of B n. Few of the akimni of the old chapter ever became Betas, though they were accorded that privilege. THE ALPHA SIGMA CHI. This fraternity resulted from the friendship of several schoolmates attending a preparatory school at Blairs- town, N. J. During their association at this school, they formed a secret organization on the familiar school- boy plan, but which seemed to have such elements of permanence in it that when the time arrived for the members to enter the different colleges they had chosen, they were loth to give up their society, and resolved to establish on its basis a college fraternity. As one mem- ber, Elbridge Van Syckel, intended to enter Rutgers ; another, Ellis D. Thompson, Cornell, and a third, Louis La Tourette, Lafayette, the plan seemed feasible. La Tourette died before he was able to accomplish anything at his college, but Van Syckel and Thompson were more successful. The former, together with one or two other members of the "schoolboy society,'" the name of which was originally the "S. A. C," soon founded a si(b rosa chapter at Rutgers, changing the name of the organ- ization to A 2 X, and calling themselves the "A" chap- ter. The organization was effected during the year 1871-72, and was successful, though the members did not wear badges until October, 1874. Thompson, work- ing more slowly, did not get the "B" chapter into work- THE ALPHA SIGMA CHI. 167 ing order until February, 1874. At that time boating was the most popular sport at Ithaca, and one which had brought the university into prominence, and the early selection of one or two prominent oarsman made the chapter widely known, and served to establish it firmly. The next year, 1875, in February, the "r" chapter was established at the Stevens Institute of Technology, Hobo- ken, N. J. This was then a new institution with a large endowment and able faculty. In June, 1875, a sub rosa chapter, called "A," was es- tablished at Princeton. It never did well, and soon be- came inactive. Again revived in 1876, it fell a victim to a combination of disasters, and in 1879 was but nom- inally existent, and after the union with B n its re- suscitation was not deemed advisable. In the autumn of 1875, through the efforts of William D. Makepeace, of Cornell, the "E" chapter was placed at St. Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y. This is a small denominational college with a strong local support. A local society called the "Five Liars," and afterwards the 'T. D. Club," was organized in 1873, and, with the support of the college authorities, was successful, and this it was which became a chapter of the new fraternity. In 1876, a well attended convention was held at Ho- boken, N. J., and resulted in the organization of the fraternity upon a sound basis. In May, 1877, a "Z" chapter was established at Columbia College. It was large in point of numbers, the largest in the fraternity, and evinced a disposition to be dictatorial, which was 168 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. resented by the other chapters. In the fall of 1878 dis- sension arose, which resulted in its expulsion. A local society at Maine State College, called the "E. C. Society," petitioned for admission into the fraternity, and after some little opposition was accepted, and was initiated in May, 1878, as the "H" chapter. During the year 1878-79 the fraternity was not pros- perous. The Stevens and Rutgers chapters were offered charters by other and larger fraternities, and the chapter at Princeton was very weak. One or two attempts to establish chapters also resulted unfavorably. At this time William R. Baird, Stevens, '78, was the General Secretary of the A 2 X. He was well aware of the pre- carious condition of the fraternity and, together with other members, was looking for some means out of the difficulty. Being at the time engaged in collecting sta- tistical information in regard to the various fraternities, and in correspondence with all the college fraternities, he was early attracted by the character and standing of the B n. It seemed to be regarded by all its western and southern competitors as their strongest rival ; its alumni were well known, and seemed to regard their fraternity with peculiar afifection ; its journal was super- ior to those of its rivals, and its reputation seemed to be generally better. It was the only western fraternity which was at that time well known in the east, and the only fraternity of consequence which A 2 X did not meet as a rival, and it had inactive chapters in the east which it was deemed possible to revive. All these con- THE TERMS OF UNION, 169 siderations led to the query whether it would not be to the benefit of both B © n and A 2 X to unite, and ac- cordingly a correspondence with that end in view be- gan between them. An offer was finally made to ap- point a conference committee to determine upon the terms and method of union. The committee for B © n were W. C. Ransom, Michigan, '47 ; E. J. Brown, Han- over, '73, and B. S. Grosscup, Wittenberg, '78. The committee for A 2 X were W. R. Baird, Stevens, '78; W. B. Gunnison, St. Lawrence, '75, and Fred H. Sey- mour, Cornell, '81. A meeting was held at Niagara Falls, N. Y., August 6, 1879. Terms were there agreed upon which were to be submitted to the B 11 convention appointed to meet in Cincinnati in September, and to the A 2 X conven- tion to meet at Ithaca in October. These were briefly that the entire membership of A 2 X, active and alumni, was to be admitted into B © IT, the active members to be initiated by the delegates to the October conven- tion, and the alumni members to be initiated by active chapters or special committees, as should be convenient. The A 2 X members were to be allowed to designate their origin by prefixing the letters "A 2 X" to their Greek names, and were to be admitted at once to all the privileges of membership in B IT. The constitutions of the two fraternities were found to be very similar, and it was found that the change could easily be made. The Niagara meeting and its objects became known to some of the other fraternities, and several of them en- 170 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. deavored to ascertain the terms of union, and made efforts if possible to outbid the B H. One of the letters received from the authorities of such a fraternity may not prove uninteresting: Our past and present record is so far superior to B 11, that we ask a candid consideration of our offer. * * * j ^.^^^ offer you the following : 1. We will accept every chapter of A 2 X, and number them with ours, and at once give you all privileges, etc. 2. The badge will be used by all active members, while your colors, purple anl gold, will be used intertwined with ours, * * * and * * *, thus keeping your colors as usual. 3. Our constitution will not be used, if you desire to have yours, but a committee of A 2 X and can arrange a new constitution composed of both constitutions. 4. We will at once allow you to appoint from your order a member of our national executive committee, who act officially during the time between conventions, and whose authority is su- preme, subject only to the action of conventions. What further can we offer you? Can B 9 IT do better? Your alumni we will greet as our own, * * * and at our coming convention each chapter will be permitted to send a delegate zaithont expense, and we will elect our next president or secretary from your membership. This latter offer is worthy of consideration. My knowledge of all the chapters of , and of our most active workers, gives me opportunity to become acquainted with our members, and at conventions I am called upon to offer can- didates for officers, and I can assure you of the presidency or secretaryship. Beta Theta Pi offered no such glittering inducements, but it was meant that the arrangement should be honor- ably carried through. The terms of union were ratified THE PHI KAPPA ALPHA. 171 by the Cincinnati convention of B 11, September 3, 1879, and by the Ithaca convention of A 2 X, October 21, 1879. At this meeting all the chapters of A 2 X were represented, including the "A" at Princeton and the two alumni organizations. The terms of union were altered so that the new chapters received their names in regular order, and the convention concluded with a banquet. The new members were initiated by a committee consisting of W. C. Ransom, Michigan, '47, R. W. Smith, Williams, '51, and C. J. Seaman, Denison, '71. All of the alumni of A 2 X subsequently became members of the fraternity. PHI KAPPA ALPHA. This fraternity possessed but two chapters, at Brown and Rochester. In 1870 a society called "The Wayland Literary Society" was founded at Brown. It was an open fraternity, with methods and practices akin to those of A Y. It prospered, and in 1870 effected a union with a similar society at Rochester called the "Literary Union," calling the united organization by the Greek name of "2 ^ ;" the chapter at Brown being called "A" and that at Rochester the "B." The next year, learning that a society called 2 ^ already existed, its name was changed to $ K A. The chapter at Rochester declined, and became inactive in 1879, and in 1880 the Brown chapter petitioned for a charter as a Beta chapter, and were admitted^ reviving the old "K" chapter. The badge was a three-sided shield displaying the letters 172 HANDBCK)K OF BETA THETA PI. "$ K A" above an open book. The shield was bounded by circular arcs, the upper one bearings the college name. Many of the alumni of this chapter have be- *!ome Betas. THE MYSTICAL SEVEN. The fraternity of the Mystical Seven was founded at Wesleyan University in 1837, by Hamilton Brewer. It was a secret and select society, and its membership was confined for a long time to upper classmen. The fra- ternity at Wesleyan received into its rank students from the south, who aided in placing branches or chapters, called temples, in the southern colleges, so that down to the year 1867 the following chapters were established, the chapters being named after emblems of the frater- nity's ritual : "Wand," Wesleyan University, 1837; "Sword," Emory College, Ga., 1841 ; "Skull," University of Georgia, 1844 ; "Scroll & Pen," Genesee College, N. Y., 1853 ; "Wreath," Centenary College, La., 1855 ; "Star," Mississippi University, 1858 ; "Serpent," Cumberland University, 1867 ; "Hands & Torch," University of Virginia, 1867. The government of the fraternity seems to have been of the loosest nature, and communication between the chapters was infrequent. The fraternal spirit, however, was strong, and while each chapter went on in its own way, developing its own practices and customs, all of THE MYSTICAL SEVEN. 173 them took in strong men, and maintained a high stand- ard of scholarship. In 1858 Emory College passed laws against the fra- ternities, and the temple there became extinct. But the temple of the "Star," then recently established at the University of Mississippi, took its place. When the war came on, in 1861, the southern chapters at the Univer- sities of Georgia and Mississippi and at Centenary Col- lege were extinguished, the chapter at Wesleyan de- clined, and the one at Genesee College (now the University of Syracuse) was the only one remaining in a really prosperous condition. At the close of the war, the chapter at the University of Mississippi was promptly revived, and two years later, two new chapters were established, the "Serpent," at Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn,, and the "Hands & Torch/' at the University of Virginia, both through the efforts of the members from the University of Mis- sissippi, their charters being granted by the temple of the "Scroll & Pen," that being the oldest living chapter as the one ^t Wesleyan ceased to exist in 1866. The circumstances surrounding the extinction of the Wesleyan chapter were peculiar and unusual, and un- fortunately have given rise to a controversy difficult to understand by those not directly concerned. In 1865, the Wesleyan chapter being greatly reduced in num- bers, ten men who were petitioners for a chapter of A K E made an agreement with the surviving Mystics that they should all become initiated into the Mystical 174 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Seven, pending the action upon their petition, and that if the charter were granted these Mystics should also join A K E. This arrangement was carried out. and the Mystical Seven, as a fraternity, was abandoned. The truant members, however, had admired its customs and ritual, and not knowing or caring for the other chapters, they organized a senior society, to which they confided the ritual of the Mystics, and which admitted members of other fraternities. This society was called the "Owl & Wand" for some sixteen years, and then assumed the title of the "Mystical Seven," and until the union with B IT, about to be spoken of, was fraud- uently represented to the Mystic alumni to be a genuine temple of the order. When the temple at Genesee College learned of the desertion of the members at Wesleyan, and their aban- donment of their ritual to a senior society composed of members drawn from the ranks of its old rivals, it took up the reins of authority. In 1870 Genesee College was moved from Lima, N. Y., to Syracuse, N. Y., and re- christened as the University of Syracuse, and the Mys- tical Seven chapter was transferred with it. But here, also, the notion of belonging to a more widespread fraternity attracted the members, and they, too, sought and ob- tained a charter from A K E. and abandoned their for- mer relations, but took none of their alumni with them. The three southern chajiters went on, and for a time prospered, but in 1873 the Cumberland chapter graduated all of its members in one class, and none returned to re- THE MYSTIC MESSENGER. 17S vive it in the fall. In 1878, the chapter at the Univer- sity of Mississippi became extinct under the pressure of opposition from numerous chaptered fraternities and lack of suitable material in the university, and the chap- ter at the University of Virginia alone remained, but in feeble condition, and in 1880 came near going the way of the rest. But fortunately it was revived, and in 1884- S6 established two new chapters, viz: "Star of the South," University of North Carolina; "Sword & Shield," Davidson College, N. C. In 1886, the chapter at the University of Virginia heard accidentally that the chapter at Wesleyan was still in existence and opened a correspondence with it. The correspondence, however, languished, owing to a lack of heartiness and fraternal sentiment on behalf of the sup- posed Wesleyan brothers who were of course simply members of the "Owl & Wand" society and also of other chaptered fraternities at Wesleyan. The three southern chapters showed pluck and en- ergy. They established a periodical called the Mystic Messenger, and carried on the work of the fraternity with zeal. For a long time it was a matter of regret to the authorities of the fraternity that the parent chapter at Wesleyan was inactive, and it was decided to take steps to revive it and place it in a condition in accordance with its former reputation. While the methods to ac- complish this were under consideration, in 1888, it was learned that the fraternity of B IT was contemplating the placing of chapters in Syracuse and Wesleyan, and 176 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. the reestablishmeiit of their former chapters at the Uni- versity of North CaroHna and Davidson College. It was suggested that if a union could be efifected upon honor- able terms between these two fraternities, the Mystics might speedily secure the revival of their northern chap- ters, while theirs in the south would serve a similar pur- pose for the Beta Theta Pi. Accordingly, the two fra- ternities met each other in a spirit of accommodation, and such a union was effected in 1890. The correspondence on the part of B IT was mainly conducted by William R. Baird, Stevens, '78, whose father-in-law, George W. Mansfield, Wesleyan, '58, and a member of the Mystical Seven, materially assisted him. Herbert Barry, Virginia, '88, at that time executive head of the Mystical Seven, represented his fraternity. Committees were appointed on both sides, and met in New York city, and the terms of union were finally agreed upon. They were, in brief,, that the Beta Theta Pi should establish chapters at Wesleyan and Syracuse, which should receive charters as revived chapters of the Mystical Seven, and that similar charters should be is- sued to the Beta chapters at Cumberland and Mississippi ; that the active temj^les of the Mystics should become chapters of the Beta Theta Pi, and that all of the Mystical alumni of all of the chapters active and inactive should be entitled to membership in Beta Theta Pi. The Mystical chapters were granted the privilege of using their peculiar and beautiful ritual, and their name was perpetuated by naming one of the dis- THE SIGMA DELTA PI. 177 tricts of the fraternity the "Mystical Seven"' district, and uniting their periodical with the Beta Theta Pi, plac- ing after the title of the latter the phrase, "with which is united the Mystic Messenger." The work of tracing and bringing in the alumni of this fraternity was one of great labor. The fraternity never had a catalogue, and it was customary at initiation to give each member a Mystic nickname, such as "Jupi- ter," "Ajax," "Snooks,"' "Tecumseh," etc., by which the members were designated thereafter in the records, and identification was therefore, difficult. It is a gratifying coincidence that a number of the sons and relatives of the Mystics of Syracuse and Wesleyan chapters were al- ready Betas, thus establishing at once a cordial and inti- mate relation with many of the alumni. SIGMA delta pi. This society (called also the Vitruvian) w^as organized in September, 1858, by Henry L. Bartholomew, William H. Fessenden, Augustus Livingston, Wilkins W. Pot- ter, John A. Staples and Charles W. Thompson, all members of the class of '62 in the scientific department of Dartmouth College whence, while a local society, it mainly drew its membership. The society was incorporated by the legislature of New Hampshire in June, 1871. The name "2 A n" was the name under which it was organized, but it soon -came to be called the "Vitruvian" also, both names being Tecognized in its charter. A "Beta" chapter was founded 178 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. at Cornell University, but it initiated only li members, and soon became extinct. A similar fate also overtook a "Gamma" cliapter which was placed at Wooster Univer- sity, Ohio, and which died in 1875, after initiating 21 members. The society was always prosperous at Dart- month. ZETA PHI. This society was founded at the University of Mis- souri, November 8, 1870. It was due to the direct guid- ance and inspiration of a member of the faculty, who had been a member of 2 * at Hamilton College, and its badge, which was a monogram of the letters forming the name, bore a strong resemblance to that of 2 *. The following chapters were established : 1870. — A, University of Missouri. 1871.— 2, William Jewell College. 1872. — A, Washington University, Missouri. The A chapter was short lived, dying in 1874. The 2, which was fairly prosperous, was released from its obligation to the fraternity in 1886 to accept a char- ter from * r A, which had been offered to it. In 1890 the parent chapter received a charter as a chapter of B IT, after its petition had been before the fraternity for a couple of years. All of its alumni have become Betas, and the chapter is a strong and loyal one. CHAPTER IX. The Beta Theta Pi Magazine — The First Decade. For the first inception of the idea of a fraternity per- iodical, we must look back to the convention held at Cin- cinnati in 1847. A resolution was introduced at this meeting looking to the establishment of a periodical in which the youthful but vigorous Beta society could in- troduce itself to the world as a patron of literature. A committee was appointed to consider this subject, and from that time until 1872 the "Committee on the Fra- ternity Magazine" — sometimes alone, and sometimes united with that having the care of the catalogue — was a regular feature of nearly every convention. The idea then, however, was not to establish a periodical which should afford a means of communication between the members, and which should partake somewhat of the nature of a newspaper, but to establish a periodical which should be a medium for the publication of the lit- erary productions of the members. In 1872 Rho chapter, at Washington & Lee University, was the presiding chapter, and Charles Duy Walker was the General Secretary of the fraternity. He determined to establish a journal which should be of practical value. (179) 180 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. and to throw aside all the literary aspirations which had before this killed the project. There is no more fitting place than this to call the at- tention of the younger and newer generations of Betas to the rare, loving and fraternal character of Charles Duy Walker. He was born of an old V^irginia family. He was an earnest student, and when thoroughly pre- pared entered the Virginia Military Institute in 18G0, whence he was graduated in 1SG9 as the first "star grad- uate." He served during the civil war in the V. M. I. Cadets in the Confederate army, and was wounded at the battle of New Market. He returned to the V. M. I in 1S()(), and immediately after his graduation was made a professor in the institute. In 1870 and 1871 he pre- pared the "Memorial Volume of the Virginia Military Institute," a record of the deeds of its students who had fallen in the Confederate cause. He was an earnest worker for the fraternity, and was soon appointed to prominent official positions. After he left the institute, in 1872, he spent three years at the Epispocal Seminary in Alexandria, Virginia, preparing for the ministry, and died suddenly in 1877. An old friend of his, and a member of the Alpha Tau Omega, writes of him, "Charlie Walker never had an enemy," which is a rare character, indeed, for a man of brains to possess. He was the author of "Wooglin's Christmas Song," in our song book. ; In September, 1872, the magazine project was gotten under way by the i)ublication of the following circular: THE FIRST CIRCULAR. 181 Office General Secretary Beta Theta Pi. September 28, 1872. I. The undersigned purposes publishing, as soon as he can get an assured list of two hundred subscribers, a four-page newspaper, medium size, to be called ''The Beta Theta Pi," and to be be devoted solely and entirely to the interests of the fra- ternity. II. This paper will not aspire to the position of a literary periodical, but will be simply the official organ of the presiding chapter — a medium of correspondence between chapters, and a means of keeping bright among our alumni the memories of college life, letting them see where friends and classmates are, and that the boys are encouraged by their success to make more strenuous efforts. III. The price of the Beta Theta Pi will be $1.50 per annum — two hundred subscribers will just meet expenses. All beyond that will go to the improvement and enlargement of the paper. It is expected that every Beta who receives this circular, or who hears of this enterprise, will consider himself an agent, and will make strenuous and immediate effort to secure additions to the subscription list. IV. Each chapter is earnestly requested to secure at least ten subscribers from its active members and alumni. By club- bing, three or four copies ought to be taken in each chapter. Let every man who can subscribe. Help the work now, and in time it will help itself, and do its utmost for the honor of Beta Theta Pi. V. Each chapter is requested to appoint a special committee, whose duty shall be to prepare for the paper every month a com- plete and thoroug'h synopsis of college and chapter events, in- cluding under this head chapter officers and members, their names, classes, etc. ; personal items concerning alumni, especial- ly those of last session ; college success for the year as to num- ber and standing of students ; literary society celebrations, es- pecially when Betas take part ; commencements, especially where 182 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Betas take honors, etc. Appoint this committee at once, and send the chairman's name to the editor. VI. Each chapter is requested to elect from its alumni a historiographer, who shall prepare a history of the foundation, progress and success of the chapter. VII. Anonymous articles of a general character will be received; l)ut tlie editor reserves to himself the right of reject- ing whatever he pleases. VIII. Every alumnus, in sending his subscription, will please tell what he is at, and what he knows of other Betas. IX. This work is not undertaken from personal motives, but for the honor of Beta Theta Pi. Every Beta is interested in the work, and should do whatever he can for its advancement. In and , Charles D. Walker. Address Box 231, Alexandria, Virginia. December IT). 1872, the first number of the Beta Theta Pi was issued. It was dated from "Alexandria. Va.," and was num])ered Vol. I, No. I. It consisted of eight pages, the type space being practically 8x12 inches and each page was divided into three columns. The first number was devoted to an editorial, to a discussion of the position of Epsilon chapter regarding an irregular initiation, two or three official notices, the convention poem for 1871, and a large mass of personals arranged by states. A fac simile of the first page of tins number is presented herewith. But one advertisement was inserted in this number — that of Kirby & Son, of New Haven, who for many years made the Beta badge. In the second number was begun a series of timely wft, tun, vanT^-: Three vord«. u with » burpib^ y^^. In letlcra of rt«rMl liglil. Upeo the baorty of niea. Have IlorK* IVracii clouds ravirm now. Attd ebdnesi 1ud«s bcr boe with acora, t Put Uu>a tbe rfudows fh>m tby bfinr : No t^ght but h»tb ki mom. H**e Faith! Whene'er tbrbvk isdrirea. Tbe cklm'sdiaport, the t«mpe hi.> bcc!i incr£i.-i''( b\ nn.;-!,.-,]r, and most I'f the So'jthcJT. Chapters ■ hav iM'.ucd thiir for:iiCr pro^^'ri'y T'. •'••■■ •-;*? I'-.rpc j-t'T.i^ BcT.i TlfKTA Pr ! , . , _ ,■ , - .-'-dfj^ h-^ K-rTitiirj-!!;t\ h >., ,., .■'■ c, ^ygi-d. iKi* trtrii.' of bCf-f-hsi ^■'^' 1-..S :, ,>ii' t^Tatcd, tuid iiIdcT an! I f'.l/; ,T;-(n -haip ■_i.idr! W;r. ■■Murr,tl..i:.":.:' H . r- |,.is L./i-u 'j^Cbe have .shame brought upon her. Brthy, if the m*B of Ifaraiu wbohare fathered aiotmd tb« altar [of Woogiin lend tbeir hevty co-operation. I TTiia we tr\ist they will do, and we ask help I from tscb and every Mie of tbcm. I We hare wtd that a periodica] would be t of Infinite advantage to us. It ronatm for . [tatoi^whow: -A peculiar cbaracterUtic of ■jour Fraternity is the strong attachint.-nt .-evinced towarl* it by tbow w*.o are no looker aetii-e raerobors. To loster this spirit is a matter of i>rime importincc to u*. How ! ' can it b« b4;tter done Uiun by tiie eNlRbIbl>- ■ . mcnc of a certaia mcaos of commtinicatioc \ among the^. our Aluniai; enahlini; tliei;u ' ' to ki>f[' jKifitcil abdiit frifnd'i and i"mnnlc», ■ 1 now that by the rarcs and dutiM of life, I othtl" correspondt-nce is r^'ndcred inipo^ ^ihle ', j H(iw can we bcltw incroase their lutertflt in I Fraternity nfliirs than by niuking. them 'familiar »ith what is being donf. Thb is wIiMt wc Can do Pir tHcin throiKjh a paper. yov »iinl t^an tliey doflirus? ^^rj naturally .«c lake pridt .in their witcosa in life, and ltH>k to them ai onr «ta(fxple%j' Tiw^y most, rcmt't this ; th;it tiify,aro Imund to tk i ■jby- tieculi:tr t'ui, and have upoii , them the ^ Innfoii- ■rc^o*i,*tbi!ity of netting ns sui-h r^x-' ' rini]il'''~ rLs n^ay be trortby onr itojtation.— ^ Thcv rii>4 ,*triv(; then, that 'Jie pagv-s of fnir ■).afwr T\^::.y be.Tr nuch a* record Of thi^in-^ to ' , Jij.itic.-.i.) c.-./cr ('>r liki; livi.-'i. Ni.t iinlv f hi:-. . v,-r nitl 1'.''. .1 i\<-z\T niKic)^ a:fil ';rir (heir in- Bet* Thel* Pi earnestly artd booestly, and will gladly dernte ht» kw iu>an of relaia- tron to the Stf^httiical part of gettirtp t!j* «Mtih ntB&ber, aod tho shaping of matter xu-: requtring ^>ecial thought. -Brothers ! help him .with might and main. KPSILON CHAFTEB AND TUB MtNITJii. A letter from Krwiox OiArTCS. to the CoiraBpondiBg Sccretnry of uodker Chapter, complaiai that the reference to tbem kr the la«t minuts giro* tLem a bad {appevance to th« Ttasarnitj At targe, and tmt osder which they stand -ia a falae poaidon. Thar, . in £act. so far from bariiig been prompted or governed by fa n pTOper c>oti they wett only actuated by the siocereat regard for the Fratenuty at Urge and for the inmor of their brotWr, is th* actlOB which the/ took. Nov while we do not propoae to enter in- to any discoaaioo of the matter, a< this would be both contrary to the wishes of ^lallan Chapter and our own — we desire to say that I^wlon'* claiin for puriQr of motiTOs through- ■ out the whole matt(T both bt^fore arnl since tbe PonTention should be allowrd. It wa& the fortune of the writlcr of thL^ article to bo well acquainted with all thr- circumstances in this case aa riwy occwred at y^ilon tTiaptcr. and also to bft prewnt at die mt^elings of the Committee that drafted the report prewnted to the C-oprention. Th? central tbou^t nimeil nt b> the Comniittc** was that no pervm \>as a right to sever his connrc'Jiwi/rom a Chapter, i* the Fraternity, •aive by expulsion. . • " So improper motive*. ww« attiilmted In the C'lminiUce to Epsik>n — btrt tUf-rv n.i- ., decided tApu'Won./ of disapproval -'f il l nuiimer adoi'ted" for rcac^tine tl^*-" end. Fl'ii hard to place the iwaH.,T cJtTc-. tN. hi^fon; tho itudor. wilbofiv roc-un;i;ji: :!i: l_'-!jf> <.f tiie entinr iran rcm n. I .- i; ;. |.t-.;...-r i-j s.iTiJ.at it wider' ■'■■ ■ ■■.,i-'- a( :, . f-J I Mm i.:>e.-. pouitcd W. 'no:; * filin il ^•"■i>/l f"ra:c: 'iheyhawii tjHC Cbapitrof thirtwr.^ . KX^.. i\<:nV.;iki>.g.-»^oIc.fioi;ttd Beta!.. ; -J- ■ (!Af.e' Wvj^irsc'! (-f vVrjitniH-"; .,-, ', f '-^d i-pch tl-cui. by ht^iiy'jii. 'i! .■■ _, '"hairt'-f ill t?:e>'ratcniiij'.:';^ '- '.■' '■■ "■- ' ^'- *^| .. '-ai.5uci:tv.aileii« i!erti*orQi^,..^ ^ B£0 oavefrttg^ea.ita^flKr^t.-, ^r- 184 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. and valuable papers upon constitutional subjects, collect- ively called "The Beta Federalist," which series was concluded in five papers, viz: "Rights and Obligations of Chapters," by C. D. Walker ; "Federal Union of Chapters," by O. R. Brouse; "Relation of Betaism to Christianity," by J. N. Rosebro; "Rights and Obli- gations of Members," by F. T. Blakemore ; "The National Con- vention," anonymous. In the January number the "Directory of Beta Theta Pi" was first inserted. The alumni news was full and fresh, though the editor did not use up all his space, but filled in with miscellaneous literary matter. In the March number the subscription list was published, the total number of subscribers being KSG, of which the chapter at Ohio University contributed 17, the largest number for any single chapter. Other articles in this volume were one on Syracuse University, by George W. Elliott. ^ Y, of that univer- sity, written at the instance of Dr. Edward B. Stevens, Miami, '43 ; a discussion on the advisability of establish- ing chapters at Randolph-Macon and Columbia Colleges, and accounts of the establishment of the chapters at Northwestern and Wisconsin Universities. In the No- vember number was a new Legend of Wooglin, by Wil- liam A. Stanton, Hanover, '75. The magazine closed its first volume a good many dollars in debt. The convention of 1873 met at Cincinnati, December 29. At this convention the Beta Thcfa Pi was made the official organ of the fraternity. The convention directed THE SECOND VOLUME. 185 that it should be continued under the same management, but should not be printed during the summer months. Charles D. Walker was elected editor until July, 1874, ^fter which date John I. Covington was to relieve him of the burden. Accordingly, we find Vol. II, No. 1, bearing date January, 1874, issued from Baltimore, with Bayley K. Kirkland, V. M. I. '71, as publisher. The size was changed to the small quarto, double-columned form, which was so long continued, and the paper and printing were vastly improved. In the first editorial it was stated that the sum of $300 would carry the enterprise through. The first number contained little but convention news, a new feature also was the Directory, arranged by dis- tricts. The title was printed in Greek. The March number contained a summary of the conventions of the fraternity, and a notable letter from Louis Chauvenet, of the chapter at Washington University, St. Louis. In April, the article on Beta conventions was supplemented by information from David W. Cooper, Washington & Jefferson, '74. The first intimations of periodical fra- ternity literature other than that of Beta Theta Pi were made in this number by the publication of notes relating to some of the fraternities, taken from the Chi Phi Quarterly for January, 1874. In June, "Recollections of 1839," by John Reily Knox, form a most valuable contribution to our historical information ; and the edi- tor, in his valedictory, urges that more hearty support 186 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. should be given to the magazine. His reasons why the journal should be supported are worth quoting here: "There is no reason for want of success if the meni])ers of the fraternity will only give it proper support. This they must do. First of all, every active member should subscribe; the price is not large cnoug'h to be beyond the means of any one who is able to attend college. If one member of the order can give valuable time from his own pressing business, or from hours when he is entitled to rest, to do work for the order that is worth hundreds of dollars, it is a shame if each and every one of liis brothers does not support him at least to the extent of the few cents necessary for subscription." But. alas ! the words of Brother Walker w-ere not heeded, for the paper suspended for lack of support from July, 1874, to January, 1876. The Evansville convention of 1875 recognized the necessity for continuing the magazine, and ordered that it be re-established, with the subscription price at $1.50 per annum, and assessed the amount upon each active member. We find Vol. Ill, No. 1, issued from Chicago, dated January 1, 187(5, and under the editorial care of Olin R. Brouse, DePauw, 'GG, and D. H. Cheney, Northwestern, '7G. The position of editors of the journal had been thrust upon these brothers by the Evansville convention, without going through the formality of asking their con- sent, and the editors opened their career with an apol- ogy, but with an expressed determination to succeed. A statement was made of its necessities, and it met with good support. THE THIRD VOLUME. 187 The first number contained a letter from John H. Duncan, one of the founders of the fraternity, and an ac- count of the resurrection of Lambda chapter, at the Uni- versity of Michigan. A new feature was added, called "Among the Greeks," which was a melange of personals, news items and fam- iliar admonitions furnished by the editors and served to enliven its contents. The February number contained the first four articles of the Sigma Chi constitution, and con- siderable statistical information concerning college secret societies, taken from the Syracuse University Herald. In March another statement was made of the condi- tion of the magazine;, by which it appeared that the total number of subscribers was 197, which, with the adver- tisements, was just enough to pay expenses. The editors made the magazine a success, and there is not a single uninteresting number in the volume. The chapter letters were full, the editorials interesting and the personal column spicy ; and when the editors laid down their pens they had reason to congratulate them- selves. The convention of 1876 met at Philadelphia in July, and elected as editors E. J. Gantz, Bethany, '75, and John L. Dickey, Washington & Jefferson, '76. Brother Dickey was obliged to resign, and Brother Gantz was compelled to carry on the enterprise alone. The first number was issued by him September, 1876, and was dated from Quaker City, Ohio, and was entitled Vol. Ill, No. 7. During this management it seriously deteriora- 188 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. ted in mechanical execution and literary excellence, but the chapter letters contained in this volume rather in- creased in number and quality, and interest in the journal seemed to be deepening. The volume closed in Decem- ber with the announcement of the establishment of a chapter at Boston University. Volume IV. began in January, 1877, and Brother Gantz's supervision ended with No. 6, in June. The first four numbers were dated Quaker City, Ohio, and the last two Barnesville, Ohio. There was little that was new in this volume, with the exception of a vigorous crit- icism of the condition, prospects, organization and gov- ernment of the fraternity, from the pen of Walter E. Dennison, Ohio Wesleyan, '77 appearing in the number for May, 1877, and which indirectly caused a decided im- provement in such matters during the two years suc- ceeding. / The Detroit convention of 1877 elected George C. Rankin, Monmouth, '72, John R. Berry, Monmouth, '72, and John A. Robison, Monmouth, '77, editors, and the first number issued under their supervision in Septem- ber, from Monmouth, Illinois, was styled Vol. IV., No. 7. In this number appeared the minutes of the Detroit convention of 1877, and an interesting letter from Robert K. Charles, South Carolina, '()2, in regard to the dead chapters in North and South Carolina. The October number contained extracts "From the diary of a Beta who was bound to attend the conven- tion," which, we believe, was written by John S. Good- DEATH OF THE FIRST EDITOR 189 win, DePauw, '77. Want of space forbids us reprint- ing even a portion of this interesting experience ; but the result, as summarized in an editorial note as follows, may be of interest : In order to show the fraternity at large that it is not neces- sary to stay away from our conventions because one does not happen to be "rolHng in wealth," at our earnest request, a brother, whose pocketbook bears no proportion to his Beta en- thusiasm, gives us permission to publish that part of his diary which relates to his convention experience. He traveled over five hundred miles, had a glorious time, saw all the sights, gained five pounds of flesh in the week, and got home, all on ten dollars. Even then he privately owned up to us that he had been extravagant, and hardly knew what his father would say to him. — Ed. This number, also, contained the sad announcement of the death of Brother Walker. The subscriptions came in steadily, and the size and quality of the paper was improved. In this volume, which was concluded by No. 10, issued in December, 1877, there was begun a number of articles upon the gen- eral condition and policy of the fraternity upon the ex- pediency of establishing chapters, and other Beta mat- ters of interest, which did much to create the sentiment which brought the changes of 1879. Volume V. began with January, 1878, under the same management, and in the April number Don A. Garwood, Michigan, '81, presented certain arguments in favor of publishing the fraternity constitution, and precipitated 190 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. a discussion upon that subject which lasted a year and more. No. fi, and the last published at Monmouth, closed with a list of three hundred paid subscriptions. This final number contained a memorial on the condition of the fraternity, by John S. Goodwin, DePauw, and Den- rtison and Robb, Ohio Wesleyan, which had great influ- ence in shaping the policy of the fraternity. The convention of 1878, held at Indianapolis, reelect- ed Geo. C. Rankin editor of the journal, but he was un- able to serve again, and the presiding chapter at Wit- tenberg College, Ohio, took charge of the business man- agement, selecting Willis O. Robb, Ohio Wesleyan, '79, as editor. P)rother Robb, thus selected, continued upon the staff of the magazine for many years, giving faithful and enthusiastic service to the fraternity, and service of such a nature as only those who worked with him can properly appreciate. A cover was added for this volume, and its mechanical execution was a trifle improved. The volume opened with a re- print of the minutes of the convention and the report in full of the special committee on the constitution, ap- pointed by the Detroit convention of 1877. This vol- ume, which closed in December, 1878, and Volume VI., which contained six numbers from January to June, 1879, is chiefly interesting from the discussion carried on by the chapters concerning the proposed open publi- cation of the constitution. An earnest fight, too, to place a chapter in Kenyon THE CHANGE TO CINCINNATI. 191 College, took up much space. The chapter letters, were very good. Volume VI. was, upon the whole, the best volume which had as yet been published. Ben. S. Grosscup and H. A. Markel, Wittenberg, "79, were the business managers, and it was dated from Springfield, Ohio. The fortieth convention was held at Cincinnati in September, 1879, and elected as editors John I. Coving- ton of Miami and Willis O. Robb, Sylvester G. Wil- liams and W. E. Dennison, of Ohio Wesleyan. The first number of Volume VII. was issued from Cincinnati in October, and showed improvement. It was a forty page, double-column monthly, and was edited with ar ability that would have done credit to many older peri- odicals. The business management was improved, and vigorous work was expended in increasing the subscrip- tion list. Besides the full report of the convention, the October number contained a list of the conventions of the fraternity by the historiographer, the constitution of the fraternity, and a new feature in the addition of a column of news items concerning fraternities other than Beta Theta Pi. In the second number of this volume the editors be- gan the publication of a series of letters written by the Betas of various chapters to each other in the early days of the fraternity. These letters contain much historical data, which is thus preserved to the fraternity. The number also contained an account of the last official acts of the fraternity of Alpha Sigma Chi, which in October 192 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. had become an integral part of the Beta Theta Pi. A successful effort was made to increase the "per- sonal" department of the paper. The April number, 188U, contained extracts from the journals of one or two other fraternities, and properly credited the infor- mation — then a new departure in fraternity journalism. Vol. \'III., No. 1, was issued in October, 1880, under the care of the same board of editors excepting Walter Dennison, who had moved to California. The first number, containing the account of the Baltimore con- vention, was a brilliant one, though the changes in chap- ter nomenclature made by the convention was the cause of many minor typographical errors. In the November number, a list of missing" Betas which the catalogue committee had been unable to find was published, and an article defining the fraternity status of the founders of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity who were also members of Psi chapter at Bethany College. The January number for 1881 contained the complete subscription list. In February, the editors continued the publication of old correspondence. In May, speci- men pages of the catalogue of 1881, with a fac simile of the poster to be used by Alpha chapter in connection with its list were published. The volume closed with the June number. The editors had published 228 pages of reading matter, and the journal had in every way been better than before. Volume IX. opened with the September number, and continued under the same editorial management, with THE PAN-HELLENIC MOVEMENT. 193 the addition of William Raimond Baird, Stevens, '78. The doings of the Chicago convention completely filled the number, which contained 48 pages of matter. A new cover^ was adopted for this volume. In October the editors added a directory of all the lawyers in the fraternity, a feature which was continued for some two years. The November number contained an editorial which, in its ultimate effect, has had a great and constantly in- creasing influence upon the fraternity world; we quote: The Chicago convention adopted a resolution" instructing the board of Hrectors to take what action might seem to them advisable to secure the cooperation ol the leading college fra- ternities in a movement to discourage and abolish the practice of forming combinations for political purposes as to college elections. * * * The novel feature of the resolution is its in- troduction of the idea of cooperation with other fraternities. If carried into execution, this would be, we think, the first at- tempt yet made to obtain common action by different and rival 'The design for this cover except for the title of the magazine in the central panel was copied from a German work on ancient history published at Leipsic. It is quite appropriate to its original purpose but not very suitable for the use to which it was transferred. * The resolution was suggested by W. C. Ransom, of Michigan, moved by E. J. Brown, of Hanover, and seconded by H. M. Atkinson, of the University of Virginia, and the full text of it is as follows: Whereas, The Beta Theta Pi fraternity has for many years set it's face as a flint, and has even incorporated an article in its constitution, in opposition to combinations as a fraternity for the purpose of effecting elections to college offices and honors; and Whereas, Such combinations have been recognized as one of the vices of the fraternity system; therefore. Resolved, That the Board of Directors be and is hereby instructed to take such measures as may to them seem most advisable, to secure the co- operation of the leading college fraternities in a movement to discourage and abolish the practice of making combinations for the purpose of effect- ing elections to college offices and honors. Supported by E. J. Brown. 194 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. college societies. Everybody who has given the matter any attention knows that the last few years have been marked by an increasing friendliness of disposition among the several gen- eral fraternities, and all true friends of the fraternity system have rejoiced at the fact. That action in concert upon matters of common interest may be lookel for as one of the incidents of the near future in the fraternity world can hardly be doubt- ed. Indeed, we look forward with confidence to a not distant time when an ecumenical conference of fraternity men will be held and arrangements made which will greatly strengthen the good feeling now developing so rapidly. We may add that while this cooperation was never formally secured by the Board of Directors, yet it set- tled the policy of the fraternity, and encouraged other similar societies to take a stand against a growing evil. The December, 1881, number followed up this sug- gestion by an editorial, written by W. O. Robb, of Ohio- Wesleyan, entitled a "Pan-Hellenic Council," in which he swept away objections to the proposed council, and then,after stating many and good reasons why such a con- ference would be beneficial, named several topics which he deemed proper subjects for discussion at such a meet- ing. This editorial was widely copied and commented upon by the fraternity press. Articles upon prominent American colleges, begun in the first number of this volume, continued to be issued during this volume and the next. The December number announced the completion of the catalogue of 1881 and contained an analytical list of the Betas who had become prominent in various ways. The- THE TENTH VOLUME. 195 March number contained a condensed list of college fraternities, with their chapters, membership, etc., and an article called "Greek Accents," describing the ex- change system then recently adopted among the jour- nals of the several fraternities. The volume closed with an appeal to attend the Cincinnati convention. During the year the magazine had made considerable progress in establishing friendly relations with rival Greek or- ders, while it had continued to advance in other lines. Volume X. commenced with October, 1882, and with a changed management. John I. Covington, Miami, '71, and Sylvester G. Williams^ Ohio Wesleyan, '77, were made managing directors. Four literary editors — Wil- lis O. Robb, Ohio Wesleyan, '79, William C. Sprague, Denison, '81, Charles M. Hepburn, Virginia, '80, and William R. Baird — were selected, and two business man- agers — Frank M. Joyce, DePauw, '82, and Edw. W. Runyan, Ohio Wesleyan, '82 — were entrusted with the duty of supervising the publication. The legal direc- tory was cut down to the names of those who were ac- tually paying for the privilege of being enrolled in it. An able article upon the "prep" question, ^by Wil- liam A. Hamilton, Northwestern, '79, was a feature of the November number, and in this number the General 'By the "prep" question was meant the question whether the fratern- ity would continue to initiate students in the sub-freshman or preparatory classes of the colleges. In the absence of high schools such preparatory departments were universally maintained and "prep" students were for many years counted as part of the student body. 196 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Secretary also introduced a "calendar" of events to the attention of the fraternity. In December, the General Secretary beg-an the publi- cation of the names of all the members initiated since the convention of 1881. In January, the editors sent the following letter to the editors of the several frater- nity journals : THE BETA THETA PI. Cincinnati, O., January ij, 1881. Dear Sir — A suggestion made not long ago by a writer in the Chi Phi Quarterly, as to a meeting of fraternity editors, has met with very general favor. It has seemed to many that such a meeting might prove to be the best method of preparing the way for the widely discussed Pan-Hellenic Council, as well as to afford a means of arriving at an understanding upon many points of interest to the editors of fraternity papers and fra- ternities at large. Having waited in vain for some of its co-laborers in the field of fraternity journalism to take the initiative in this movement, the Beta Tlicta Pi, by virtue rather of its seniority in age than of any other claim to leadership, ventures to submit the follow- ing propositions to the several fraternity organs : First — That a meeting of fraternity editors be held on Thurs- day, February 22, 1883, at New York, Philadelphia or Wash- ington, as the majority of the papers may prefer. Second — That, inasmuch as the discussion of a plan for a Pan Hellenic Council will be one of the prominent objects of the meeting, invitations be sent to the several fraternities of the country to send representatives to the conference. It seems advisable to make this or some similar provision, since several fraternities have already appointed committees of cooperation with respect to the proposed Pan-Hellenic Council; and in any discussion of that subject these fraternities should, of course, MEETING OF FRATERNITY EDITORS. 197 be represented by the committees of their own choosing, rather than by their editors, or other members ; and such fraternities as have neither editors nor committees of cooperation (in which number are several of the best orders in the country) can also have secured to them in this way a representation in the Pan- Hellenic Council. Of course, this would not interfere with the holding of separate sessions by the fraternity editors present, to discuss matters of interest to them alone. You are requested, therefore, to transmit to this office, imme- diately, notice of your approval or disapproval of the date named above,, and of your preference among the places of meet- ing suggested. Also, your opinion as to the second proposition — the inviting of others than editors to the gathering. Sugges- tions are asked upon any points that occur to you. We will take the responsibility of executing the wishes of the majority of the brethren of the fraternity press, and will im- mediately notify you of the details of the plan, as determined by your votes. Fraternally yours. The Editors of the Beta Theta Pi. This was followed in February by the following let- ter, and on February 28nd the fraternity meeting was actually held at Philadelphia. The Beta Theta Pi Editorial Rooms, | 5 W. Third St., Cincinnati, O., Feb. lo, 1883. ] Dear Sir — The editors of the several fraternity journals (the Star and Crescent of Alpha Delta Phi ; the Chi Phi Quarterly, the Alpha Tau Omega Palm, the Crescent of Delta Tau Delta, the Sigma Chi, the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Record, the Phi Gamma Delta, the Scroll of Phi Delta Theta, and the Beta Theta Pi) have arranged for a conference, to be held at the Colonnade Hotel, Philadelphia, February 22, 1883, at 11 a. m. One of the subjects to be discussed is the widely-mooted inter-fraternity or Pan-Hellenic Council; and it is hoped that details of a plan 198 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. for such a council (to he licUl in, say, two years) may be agreed upon at the conference of the 22nd, ready for submission to the several fraternities at their next annual conventions. The ed- itors above named would like to have representatives of as many fraternities as possible meet with them at the time and place given, for a discussion of this project. It will, of course, be a purely informal meeting, and no fraternity will, in any way, be bound by its results ; but it is hoped that you will see that your fraternity has at least one fraternity member present (besides its editor, if it has one), to consult with those of other orders upon the subject named. As the time is short, it need not be considered necessary to have your grand chapter appoint a dele- gate with special powers, but if you will kindly select, as Gen- eral Secretary, a member of your order who can conveniently be at the meeting, every purpose of this call will be served. Please notify the undersigned of your action, if you see fit to take any. Very respectfully, The Editors of tlie Beta Tlieta Pi. The January number contained an editorial on the relations of a fraternity man to his college, and a review of the "Secret Society System," both of which articles were copied by nearly the entire fraternity press. The March number contained an account of the Pan- Hellenic meeting at Philadelphia, and an article entitled *'Our Constitutional Development," showing the changes in our law from 1839 to 1865. The Beta Theta PtV hav- ing been drowned out by a flood at Cincinnati, gave its readers a picture of the condition of the city during its submergence. The objects of alumni chapters and a consideration of the fraternity fight at Purdue^ take up much of the THE PURDUE CASE. 199 space of the April number, and a review of the Psi Up- silon Diamond justly satirized that unfortunate period- ical. The June, 1883, number, closing Volume X., presents an account of General Secretary Wambaugh's trip to the eastern chapters, an account of Saratoga, for the benefit of convention-goers, and a tabulated record of the membership of the fraternity in the Federal and Confederate armies during the war. ^ This was a litigation begun by a student at Purdue who had been excluded from the university because he was a member of Sigma Chi. At first admission was denied him but the decision was reversed on appeal. For a full account of the case see American College Fraternities 6th Ed., p. 464. CHAPTER X. The Beta Theta Pi Magazine — Second Decade. Volume XL was under a new management. John T. Covington, Miami, '71, and William F. Boyd, Ohio, '66, were managing directors, Chambers Baird, Harvard, '82 was editor-in-chief, and with him were associated Wm. R. Baird, Stevens, '78, and Francis W. Shepardson, Den- ison, '83, while Marshall P. Drury, Knox, '70, Edward L. Martin, DePauw, '84, and Samuel S. Kauffman, Wittenberg, '83, were made business managers. The volume opened with the number for October, 1883, which contained a good account of the Saratoga conven- tion, of the inception of the plan of Chas. J. Seaman, Denison, '71, for establishing an alumni club and sum- mer resort, which later developed into the Wooglin en- terprise, the address in full of Chancellor Charles N. Sims, DePauw, '59, made before the convention, the re- sponse of Major Ransom to the address of welcome, and a good article by Sylvester G. Williams, Ohio Wes- leyan, '79, on the future of the fraternity. The usual number of chapter letters, personals and fraternity notes conclude the number. The November number contained the convention poem, a biographical sketch of Gov. (201) 202 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Hoadly, a long literary article on the first Latin Renais- sance, a sketch of Harvard, and the first suggestion of uniting the chapter letters into an annual, by William C. White, Hampden-Sidney, '80. In December, under the title of "Fraternity Studies," ^ William R. Baird, Stevens, '78, contributed the first of a series of articles on the fraternity, which continued through seven numbers ; the Harvard articles were con- cluded, and another literary article, entitled, "A Frag- ment of Roman History," appeared. A discussion was also commenced regarding the questions of large and small chapters, and killing or nursing weak ones. In this number appeared the first chapter letter from the Amherst chapter, which was instituted October 12, 1883, by initiating the members of the Torch and Crown, a local society organized by members of the class of 1881- '82, and a letter announcing the repeal of the anti-fra- ternity laws of Vanderbilt University. The number concluded with the statistics attached to the secretary's report at the convention. The January, 1884, number contained an article entitled, "Out of the World," by Chambers Baird, Harvard, '82, detailing the experiences of a visit to Minot's Ledge light house. The number also contained a good series of editorials and fraternity notes. In the February num- ber appeared an article on "The Revolutionary Treaty with France," by Wm. B. Burnet, Iowa, 'Ti). Also, the ' These articles were developed into this present book. THE FIRST FRATERNITY FICTION. 203 first announcement of the Wooglin club, with a map and a commendatory notice by the editor. The March num- ber contained an article on Princeton, by F. M. Walker. M'artin H. Albin, Randolph-Macon, wrote a letter fur- thering the plan of sending out the annual letter of the chapter in a special number of the magazine. In April appeared an article on "Religion and Secret Societies," by Solon Louer, Western Reserve, '86 ; in May, one by John I. Covington, on the graves of Gold- smith and Gray, near London, and "Through the An- nisquam River/' by Chambers Baird. These, with an article in the June number, entitled, "From College Training into Intellectual Life," comprised the literary articles of the volume. A formal account of the instal- lation of the Vanderbilt chapter, and the articles of in- corporation of the alumni club, were contained in the April number. Volume XII. contained six numbers, having been changed to a bi-monthly. It still displayed the "Owl and Dragon" cover, Willis O. Robb was the editor; Francis W. Shepardson, Chambers Baird and William R. Baird were associates, and Frank M, Joyce, DePauw, '82, was business manager. An unusual amount of news from other fraternities was a feature of the vol- ume, and it was made notable by three pieces of fiction which were widely copied, and excited general com- mendation ; viz, "Grif's Candidate,"^ November, 1884; ' So far as is known to the editor this was the first fictitious story deal- ing with a fraternity subject ever written. 204 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. "His Second Degree," January, 1885, and the "Minutes of the Diogenes Ckib," the latter, by Syl. G. Williams, being continued in desultory fashion, through three volumes. The management in November announced that purely literary articles would no longer be printed, and this has continued to be the rule. In November appeared the report of the committee on alumni chap- ters, with the model set of by-laws for such chapters. A good department of chapter letters was also main- tained, and there were articles of excellence reviewing the Psi Upsilon Epitome and the "History of Omega chap- ter of Sigma Chi" and upon the University of Rochester, the latter by William C. Sheppard, Denison, '85. The number for July, 1885, contained an index to the first eleven volumes of the magazine, from December, 1872, to June, 1884, by William A. Hamilton, Northwestern, '79. The social life of the fraternity was emphasized by an article on "Life at Wooglin-on-Chautauqua" in the September number, and an illustrated article on the alumni club in the July number. On the whole, this volume reached a high level. During this year it was easily the leader of the Greek press, and worthily main- tained its supremacy. Volume Xni., under the management of Eugene Wambaugh, Ohio Wesleyan, '75. as editor-in-chief, with Francis W. Shepardson, William C. Sprague, Denison, '81, and Richard L. Fearn, Stevens, '84, as associates, and Frank M. Joyce as business manager, opened with the number for September, 1885. The outward appear- THE HAND-BOOK OF 1886. 205 ance of the magazine was changed, a plain blue cover being substituted for the brown owl and dragon. The volume consisted of ten numbers, and it appeared with regularity. Notable articles were on Miami University, by Charles M. Hepburn, Virginia, '80, whose father (Andrew D. Hepburn, Jefferson, '51) had for many years been a professor at the university, apropos of the re-opening of the institution ; "Betas in Public Life," by Chas. B. Ketcham, DePauw, '80, the announcement of whose death was contained in the number succeeding that in which his article was printed, and two stories in the January number, dealing with problems of under- graduate fraternity life, under the headings, "A Prodigal at Commersly," and "Another Prodigal." The May number also contained some notes on the inactive chap- ters at Monmouth and Chicago, by Frank W. Shepard- son, Denison, '82. The February, March and April numbers were com- bined in one, under the title, "Hand-Book of 1886." It was compiled by the editor, Eugene Wambaugh, and contained 14 pages of notes upon the history of the fra- ternity from 1881 to 1885, and a full list of all the mem- bers admitted since the convention of 1881, arranged by chapters in the order of their initiation, and prefaced by notes on the colleges in which the several chapters were located. These notes gave sufficient and useful infor- mation concerning the college, the different fraternities, and the parts which the members of the chapter had played in general fraternity movements. It concluded 206 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. with an alphabetical index and a geographical distribu- tion of the members' names. It was a splendid and suc- cessful piece of work, and demonstrated the supreme usefulness of the system of reporting initiations and transfers which had been adopted in IHSl. Volume XI\\ LSSG-T, was a quarterly — a form which was continued for three years. Chambers Baird was the editor-in-chief, and associated with him were Francis W. Shepardson, William R. Baird, Richard L. Fearn and W. H. Crawshaw, Colgate, '87. The volume contained no novel features, except the cover was changed to brown, and displayed a small dragon holding the fraternity badge, on its front page. The minutes of the Diogenes Club appeared at irregular intervals. Other articles of interest were an account of the academic fraternity of A <&. and full accounts of banquets at Boston, Baltimore, and Denver, the reunion of Ohio Betas, and the formation of a state organization, and the dinner tendered to Governor Ploadly by the Betas of New York City. The quarterly form present- ed unusually good opportunities for the preparation of editorials and the gathering of chapter letters, and they were made the most of. The volume closed with No. 4, dated June, 1887. Volume XV., still in the quarterly form, and un- changed in style and management, commenced in 1887. Chambers Baird, however, was obliged to give up his position as editor for private reasons, and the other numbers, which were issued in January, April and June, THE EXCHANGE LIST SUSPENDED. 207 1888, were under the management of Charles M. Hep- burn as editor-in-chief, with Chambers Baird, Francis W. Shepardson and Richard Lee Fearn as associates. Frank W. Burgoyne, Wooster, '86, was business manager dur- ing the year. The chapter letters were full and inter- esting, and the editorials quite up to the usual mark ; but there were few personals and little news. The quarterly form seemed to have developed the literary at the expense of the news character of the journal. Arti- cles that may be noted were on "The Chicago Betas," "Extension in the Great West," and the "Southern Cal- ifornia Reunion," in the January number ; a letter from the janitor of the Diogenes Club in the April number, and Betas in the "Methodist General Conference," in the June number. The poetry in this volume was un- usually plentiful and good. Volume XVL was issued in October, 1888, and Janu- ary, April and September, 1889, and showed little change in style or matter from the preceding volume. The edi- torial board was the same, except that Chambers Baird retired, and was succeeded by Franklin M'. Welsh, Dick- inson, '88. Volumes XV. and XVI. each contained few items of information concerning other fraternities, and the Beta Thcta Pi did not exchange with other fraternity journals during these years. The October number (1888) con- tained the sermon delivered before the convention by Rev. George W. F. Birch, Washington and Jefferson, '58, of New York, entitled a "Model Beta," and an ar- 208 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. tide on the Betas in the Fiftieth Congress, which is some- what remarkable for including a notice of Senator Charles J. Faulkner,^ who is not a Beta. The January number contained two articles in similar strain — "Beta Governors," by Albert H. Washburn, Cornell, '79, and "Betas at the Battle of New Market," by Richard L. Fearn, Stevens, '84. The death of Hon. David Linton, one of the founders of the fraternity, is noted in the Sep- tember (1S89) number, and the volume concluded with both a general and personal index. Volume XVII., still under the guidance of Charles M. Hepburn, reverted to the monthly form, and consisted of eight numbers, from October, 1889, to June, 1890. Chambers Baird was again added to the staff, which was increased to six associates liy the further addition of Frank H. Scott, Northwestern, '77, and George Hos- kins, Boston, '90. The change in frequency of issue also involved a change in style and matter, Init the mag- azine was maintained on its previous high plane. The brown cover was retained, but the badge and dragon was enlarged, and the table of contents removed to the inside page. This volume also added a department of college news, and a decidedly newsy and timely char- acter was imparted to its articles ; the personals were more numerous and exhaustive, and the department of ' This was due to the fact that .Senator Faulkner had a cousin of pre- cisely the same name who was a Beta. We recall at one time before the mistake was known that Senator Faulkner was invited to attend a Beta dinner at W'ashington and as he afterwards exjiressed himself was "almost persuaded that he actually had made a mistake and had been a Beta in college," so earnestly was the invitation extended to him. THE EIGHTEENTH VOLUME. 209 fraternity news was strengthened and enlarged. To the title of the January number was added, "With which has been united the Mystic Messenger," in token of the union of the Mystical Seven with the fraternity. This num- ber also contained articles upon the Mystical Seven and its history, and was prefaced by a steel-plate engraving of its customary emblems. During the year, articles were printed on the founding of the chapter at the Uni- versity of Minnesota, the legal fraternity of 4> A $, "The Earliest Beta Song Book f " "A Welcome to 2 A n," upon the occasion of establishing a chapter at Dartmouth with the members of a local society of that name ; "The Providence Betas," "Some Facts for a Contemporary," sharply exposing a misleading statement of the ATA Journal concerning the number of its eastern chapters ; "Eastern Betaism, as Viewed by a Western Beta," and "Betas in the Fifty-first Congress." The June number contained as a frontispiece a half-tone picture of the club- house at Wooglin. Volume XVIII. , for 1890-91, was issued in seven reg- ular numbers, in the same style as the preceding volume, and one extra number, called "June-July, 1891," which was in effect an advertisement of the coming convention, and was bound in a dainty blue cover. There was no change in the management. This volume showed a more careful arrangement of material and a stricter classifi- cation than theretofore. Several of the numbers con- tained short timely articles on educational topics — "The Teaching of literature," by Prof. Thos. R. Price, Vir- 210 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. ginia, '58 ; "A Revolution in University Methods," by Francis W. Shepardson, Denison, '82 ; "The Student's Vocation in China,'' by W. A. P. Martin, Indiana, '4G ; and "The University of Chicago," by WilHam D. Fuller- ton, Northwestern, '85. And there were others on fra- ternity topics: "Honorary Membership," "Supersti- tions," "Some Recent Fraternity Clubs," "University and Fraternity Clubs," and "The Naval Academy Chap- ter." The first number, in October, 1890, contained the scholarly, broadminded address on "Fraternal Human- ity," delivered before the 51st convention by Willis O. Robb, and the poem by Willis Bough ton, Michigan, '81 ; and it also contained "A Word About the Convention," by John Reily Knox, certainly a unique contribution by the founder of the fraternity 51 years after its founda- tion. An article entitled "A Mystical Union,'' in this same number, correctly outlined the real relations between the Mystical Seven fraternity and our own, which, with deft malice, had been misrepresented by the fraternity press, led by the Quarterly of A K E. Number 5 in this volume was devoted to an account of the great dinner given to Justice Harlan, of the United States Supreme Court, and the Beta banquets at Boston, Chicago, Syracuse and Newark, O. ■ This volume contained 448 octavo pages, and was the largest in that respect issued to that date. It was decided at the convention of 1891, that the price of the magazine was too low, and it was according- ILLUSTRATIONS FIRST USED. 211 Iv raised to $2 per annum, a concession of $1 being made to Betas who had been out of college three years or less. Volume XIX., for 1891-92, consisted of six regular and two special numbers. The former were bound in a gray paper cover, displaying the dragon and shield, printed in brown or blue; the latter were bound in the cover adopted for No. 8 of the previous volume. The special numbers were the minutes of the 52nd conven- tion, and the annual letters of the chapters bound into one pamphlet, thus realizing the dream of fraternity workers ten years before. The two special numbers were edited by the General Secretary, and the regular numbers by the editor-in-chief, who continued in office without associates, and acted as his own business man- ager. This volume contained an innovation in the adoption of illustrations, consisting of half-tone plates scattered through the text. The first number, issued in October, 1891, contained the address delivered before the convention, "Our Debt to Mediocrity," by Rev. J- Calvin Kaufifman, Witten- berg, '72, and the convention poem, by James T. Hat- field, Northwestern, '83 and several articles depicting various phases of life at Wooglin. The remaining numbers of the year contained a very large number of small articles of from 300 to 500 words, on a great variety of topics, fraternal and otherwise. The most noteworthy, perhaps, were those on "Rutgers College," by Louis F. Ruf, Rutgers, '85, "Beta Eta," by 212 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Robert H. Fernald, Maine, '92, the "Fraternities at the World's Fair," by L. R. Fearn, and "Recollections of Early College Days in Ohio," by Henry Beard, of the old Cincinnati chapter. The dinner tendered to John W. Noble, Secretary of the Interior, by the Betas of New York City, and ban- quets and reunions at Boston, Galesburg, 111., and Col- umbus, Ohio, also received attention. The number for May, 1892, in reality closed the vol- ume, though the chapter annuals were issued later. \'olume XX., for 1892-93, under the same manage- ment, consisted of seven regular and two special num- bers, the latter being the convention minutes and chap- ter annuals. The cover on the regular numbers was changed to a light blue paper printed with dark blue ink, and to many its appearance was not so pleasing as that of the preceding volumes. The feature of short illus- trated articles was continued, and, as before, much space was given to college as contrasted with purely fraternity topics. The first number, as usual, contained the con- vention poem which was by Sam W. Foss, Brown, '82. It also had biographical sketches of Charles H. Hardin, Governor of Missouri, and one of the founders of the fraternity, who died in July, 1892, and of W. C. Ransom, of Michigan. During the year, a number of articles on college topics appeared : "The University of Chicago," by F. W. Shepardson, who had been appointed a pro- fessor at the reorganized institution ; "University of Leipsic." by Otis II. Fisk. Yale. '92 ; "A Sketch of the THE TWENTIETH VOLUME. 213 Colegate Chapter," by W. H. Crawshaw, Colgate, '87 ; "Pioneer Colleges in Ohio," by Willis Boughton, Mich- igan, '81 ; "Pensylvania State College," by Henry T. Fernald, Maine, and "Kenyon," by E. M. Benedict, Ken- yon," '85. The articles on Kenyon and Chicago fore- shadowed the revival of the chapters at those institu- tions. In addition, there was an article on "Senator Quay, of Pennsylvania," by H. Walton Mitchell, Penn- sylvania State, '90 ; "A Calendar of Fraternity Events," in the first number, and much information scattered all through the year concerning the proposed fraternity ex- hibit at the World's Fair at Chicago. Dinners and reunions in New York, Washington, Boston and Nashville received due attention, and during the year there were many editorials upon the relative powers and duties of the Board of Directors and the newly created Executive Committee. During the year there was much dissatisfaction with the management of the magazine among the chapters. Its form, style and tone were all the subject of adverse criti- cism and this resulted in a complete change in its control at the convention of 1893. CHAPTER XI. The Beta Theta Pi Magazine — To the present time. Volume XXI for 1893-94 consisted of six regular and two special numbers, the latter being the minutes of the convention and the chapter annuals. This arrange- ment has been continued ever since. This volume and the succeeding twelve volumes were printed at Harris- burg, Pennsylvania, but were edited from New York City. The name of James T. Brown, Cornell '76 ap- peared in this volume as Business Manager. The name of Frank M. Rooney, Syracuse, '90 appeared as Editor on the first two numbers only. Owing to a difference between them, the business manager assumed the title and responsibilities of Editor. As a matter of fact all of the numbers of this volume and of the succeeding volumes to date have been edited by William R. Baird. The form of the magazine was changed. A heavy paper with a natural finish was employed and several illustra- tions on smooth paper and printed in colored ink were added. A new and pleasing cover was adopted. It was printed on pearl gray paper in reddish brown ink. The design embodied a shield displaying quarterings upon which were emblazoned three roses, seven seven- (215) 216 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA TI. pointed stars and three diamonds, the whole being sur- rounded by a wreath. The first number contained half-tone portraits in color of Judge Harlan and Senator Voorhees and an ar- ticle on the "Parting of the Ways," relating to the choice of a fraternity, and describing distinguishing character- istics of a number of the fraternities. It also contained an article on "The American College Fraternity System" by John I. Covington and a reprint of the essay on the "Legal Status of the Fraternities" read by William R. liaird before the college fraternity congress at Chicago in July, 1893. In the second number, the frontispiece was a reproduction of the map which long hung upon the parlor wall of the Wooglin Club house showing the division of the fraternity into districts and the location of the different chapters. There w^as a well illustrated article in this number upon Washington and Jefferson College by Prof. Joseph Waugh, "57. It was the first of a long series of illustrated articles descriptive of near- ly every institution in which a chapter of the fraternity is located. An account of the College Fraternity Con- gress at Chicago also appeared in this number. During the rest of the year there were biographical articles with portraits relating to Hon. Edwin H. Ter- rell, General John B. Gordon. Justice David J. Brewer, Bishop Charles H. Fowler of the Methodist church, of the members of the Executive committee, Messrs. Han- na, Thornburg and Jones and of each ot the nine Dis- trict chiefs. Other notable contributions were "The VOLUME TWENTY-TWO. 217 Sour Apple" by Charles N. Ironside (X $, Rutgers '79) Fraternity Journalism as an Aid in Fraternity Govern- ment" by Charles M. Hepburn, Virginia, '81 ; "The Uni- versity of Pennsylvania," illustrated, by Prof. Julian Millard, Michigan '89; "Knox College," illustrated, by George E. Stephens, Knox '94 ; "University Extension and Beta Theta Pi" by Francis W. Shepardson ; "The Fraternity and Conscience" by Willis O. Robb, and two fine articles, one "Dickinson College," by Clyde B. Furst, Dickinson, '93, and another, "Dickinson Vignettes" by Robert E. MacAlarney, Dickinson, '93, describing that college and its life. A dinner given in ]\Iarch, 1894, to John I. Covington by the Chicago Alumni received ample treatment. In addition there were the usual editorials, personals and chapter letters. The editorials ceased, however, to relate chiefly to the functions and powers of the Board of Directors and the Executive committee and treated more particularly of fraternity methods, aims, and prin- ciples. The installation of the Lambda Rho at the re- vived University of Chicago furnished the topic for a suitable article and there was published in one number under the title "Twenty Years of the Beta Theta Pi" a complete list of each number of the Magazine, giving its date, place of publication and under whose direction it had been issued. Volume XXII for 1894-95 had the usual number of issues. The color of the cover was changed to brown and bufif. In the first issue, that of October, 1894, there 218 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA TI. was a portrait ^e^roup of the convention, the first of the ser- ies which have since been.presented annually. During the year the illustrated college articles were "The University of Indiana." by Will H. Kelly, '94; "The University of Iowa," by James A. Rohbach, Western Reserve, '84, and "DePauw University," by George E. Dee, DePauw, '95. This volume had an unusual number of biographi- cal articles with portraits, including six federal judges, Alonzo J. Edgerton, Wesleyan, '50, Horace H. Lurton, Cumberland, 'G7. Peter S. Grosscup, Wittenberg, '72, Henry S. Priest, Westminster, '72, John W. Showalter, Ohio, '67 and William M. Springer, Indiana, '58 ; also Samuel Walter Foss, Brown, '82, the poet, John Young Brown, Centre, '55, Governor of Kentucky, Milton Rem- ley, Iowa, 'G7, Attorney General of Iowa, A portrait and biography of John I. Covington, lately deceased, ap- peared in the May number. Among the general articles were two by William C. Sheppard, Denison, '84, "A Chapter House — how to build it and pay for it." and an "Ideal Chanter House:" also a discussion of the new spirit of conservatism in the fraternity participated in by Robert W. Dunn. Michigan, '95, and Edward R. Hardy, Boston, '93, a brilliant essay on "Shoots," by C. N. Ironside, (X ) a companion piece to the "Sour Apple" of the preceding volume, an article on "The Alumnus and the Fraternity" by Harrie M. Hum- phrey, Wittenberg, '89, an unusually good piece of fic- tion "Jerrem's Fraternity" by Robert E. MacAlarney, Dickinson, '93, and a pathetic and interesting story of VOLUME TWENTY-THREE, 219 "A Lost Beta Badge" told by Francis W. Shepardson. Another contribution of value was an interview with Samuel Taylor Marshall, Miami, '40, by George W. Barr, DePauw, '80, in which the founders of the frater- nity are characterized by a few vivid pen portraits. On the whole this volume reached a high level. Volume XXIII for 1895-96 had a new cover in a pleasing shade of light yellow green with title print- ed in dark green ink and a central panel in gold display- ing the badge surrounded by floral emblems. The illus- trated college articles related to "Pennsylvania State" by H. Walton Mitchell, Pennsylvania State, '90, "Colgate University" by William B. Kelsey, '97, "Beloit College" by Edward H. Porter, Beloit, '96. "Bethany College" by Everett W. McDiarmid, Bethany, '95, and "Missouri State University" by Antoine E. Russell, Missouri, '98, Illustrated biographical articles related to Samuel T. Marshall, Miami, '40, Isaac N. Himes, Jefferson, '55, William T. Elmer, Wesleyan, '58, Alonzo P. Carpenter, Williams, '49, John Hopkins, Dartmouth, '62, Hobart A. Hare, Pennsylvania, '84, Peter T. Austen, Rutgers, '83, and William Wright Jaggard, Dickinson, '77. An article on "Our Athletic Record" by James A. M'cCague, of the New York University group of petitioners, also contained several portraits. Several articles on strictly fraternity topics were also presented : "Shall Beta Theta Pi be Governed through a Corporation"; "The Chapter, the Chapter House and the Point of View," by Willis O. Robb ; "The Chapter 220 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. House System ;" "A Plea for Simplicity in our Adminis- trative Methods;" "Catalogue Making and Its Difficult- ies," and the Genesis of Alpha Sigma Chi," by Herman C. Weber, Rutgers, '95, may be noted. "The Geograph- ical Distribution of Chapters" was a condensed arrange- ment of the men's fraternities according to location show- ing some unexpected results. "The Acid Test of Cul- ture," by Willis O. Robb, was a caustic criticism of some supercilious statements in the unofficial periodical of * Y. "A Beta Family" showed the devotion of the Goodwin family of Indiana to the fraternity, and "My Idea of Fraternity" by Governor Bates of Massachusetts was a scholarly presentation of some ideals. An article of general interest was upon the "True Greatness di American Citizenship," by Mr. Justice Brewer. But one piece of fiction was in this volume, "Colville's Beta Girl," by A. N. Slayton, Kenyon, '96. There was also a picture of the loving cup presented to John Reily Knox upon the occasion of his golden wed- ding. Volume XXIV for 1896-'97 was issued with the same cover design as the preceding volume, but it was printed in gold on a creamy white background. The first num- ber was pre-eminently a convention number and con- tained the address on "The Fraternity as an Element of National Unity," by John S. Wise, Virginia, '67, de- livered at the convention, and the convention poem. "The Legend of Wooglin," by Francis H, Sisson, also several HISTORY OF DENISON CHAPTER. 221 articles illustrating life at the White Sulphur Springs and the social side of the convention of 1896. The college articles during the year were "Ohio Wes- leyan University," by Frank C. Goodrich, Ohio Wes- leyan, '98, accompanied by "Notes on Theta Chapter" by Willis O. Robb; "St. Lawrence University" by George Eliot Cooley, St. Lawrence, '97, and the "University of Mississippi" by John L. Lovett, Missis- sippi, '96. Biographical articles with portraits were pre- sented relating to John S. Wise, \^irginia, '67 ; David R. Francis Washington, '70, recently elected Governor of Missouri; Earl Cranston, Ohio, '61, elected a Methodist Bishop ; Matthew Stanley Quay, Jefferson, '50, and Boies Penrose, Harvard, '89, Senators from Pennsylvania ; Bishops George H. Kinsolving, Virginia, '70, of Vir- ginia, Davis Sessums, Virginia, '79, of Louisiana, and Henry M. Jackson, V. M. L, '73, of Alabama, of the Episcopal church ; William D. Bynum, Indiana, '69, Chairman of the National Democratic Committee ; John Clarence Lee, St. Lawrence, '76, president of his alma mater ; John Lewis Bates, '82, Governor of Massa- chusetts ; Joseph L. Rawlins, Indiana, '74, Senator from Utah, Gen. George B. Wright, of Ohio ; Levi Travers Dashiell, Texas, '98, speaker of the Texas Legislature, and of two deceased members, Warrington K. L. War- wick, Kenyon, '84, one of the trustees of the fraternity, and Senator Voorhees. In addition, there were two articles upon the history of the Denison Chapter by Francis W. Shepardson, Den- 222 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. ison, '82, one entitled "A Study of Beginnings." and the other "Stories from Alpha Eta's History," carefully il- lustrated. Also, "Early Days in Lambda Chaj^ter" by ]\Iajor Ransom, a study of "The Fraternity Badge" by Francis H. Sisson, a careful essay on "The College Bred Man in Business" by Willis O. Robb, and an article on the "Betas at West Point" by Henry B. Clark. Beloit, '95. The pieces of fiction in the volume were "At the Eleventh Hour" by Arthur H. Quinn, Pennsylvania^ '94, a variation on one of Kipling's stories, and two stories by Miss Margarette Muhlenberg Perkins, a Beta Girl, one entitled "Her Fraternity Honor," and the other "The Chance of Reprieve." Volume XXV for 1897-98 appeared in a new cover of purple on white with a border made up of a repeated torch and wreath and a central panel under the title line o'f the fraternity name in Greek, and three stars surrounded by a wreath of roses. , The College articles were on "Wesleyan University" by Olin W. Hill. Wesleyan, '9G, "Hanover. College" by Henry Herbert Thompson, Hanover. '98, Kansas Uni- versity" by Webster Wilder, Kansas, '98, "Stevens In- stitute" and "Yale College" by the editor, and the "Uni- versity of Maine" by Ralph K. Jones, Maine, '86. One number was almost entirely given up to the account of the funeral of John Reily Knox and articles concerning him. the most notable of which was "The Man and his Monument" by Willis O. Robb, expressing ai:)tly the love and reverence felt by the fraternity for its founder and VOLUME TWENTY-SIX. 223 oldest brother. The biographical articles related to Je- rome H. Raymond, Northwestern, '92, president of the University of West Virginia, Webster Davis, Kansas, '88, Assistant Secretary of the Interior, William A. Hamilton, Willis O. Robb, and three undergraduates who won oratorical distinction during the year. Other articles were "Design for a Chapter Lodge" by Julian Millard, Michigan, '89, "How to get a Chapter House" by T. Alfred Vernon ($ T A, Yale, '75), "The Chapter Letter — a Criticism and Complaint'' by Edwin R. Hardy, Boston, '93, and "Spikes" by Major Ransom, contrasting the campaign methods of his own day with present day methods. Reminiscences in two articles by Willis O. Robb, "The Mission of the Small College" by Francis H. Sis- son, and an article by the editor on "Fraternity Cata- logues, with some recent Examples," completed the vol- ume. During this year a marked improvement in the Chap- ter letters took place, probably the result of Brother Hardy's article above referred to. Volume XXVI for 1898-99 appeared in a new cover of dark green upon light green with a heavy border of roses enclosing the fraternity shield and dragon upon a background of roses. The design was the work of Mor- ris R. Ebersole, Cincinnati, '98, and was quite effective. The first number, as usual, was largely devoted to the doings of the convention. It contained a portrait of Francis H. Sisson, the new general treasurer, and the 224 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. convention poem, "The March of the Ten Thoiisand," by Willis O. Robb ; also articles on "Colleg-e Fraterni- ties Numerically Compared" and "Chapter Houses Owned by the Men's Fraternities in 189S" by the editor. The college articles during the year were on "Co- lumbia" and the "University of Minnesota." the latter by Robert M. Thompson, Minnesota, '95. The biograph- ical articles related to Robert W. Miers, Indiana, "72, a member of Congress from Indiana ; Townsend Scudder, Columbia, '88, a member of Congress from New York; Robert Bruce F. Pierce, Wabash, 'G6, a member of Congress from Indiana ; Dr. Joseph P. Blanton, Hamp- den-Sidney, 'G9, president of the University of Idaho, and Judge Edwin A. Jaggard, Dickinson, 'T9, of Minne- apolis, also on Roy Walter Stover, Iowa, '96, and Na- thaniel Brown Adsit, Harvard, '00, who died in the army during the war with Spain. Other articles during the year were the "Pink and Blue," by Martha A. Boughton ; "A Practical Catalogue" by Walter B. Palmer, $ A © ; an illustrated story of "The Fraternity Press" running through two numbers, "The Fraternity in Porto Rico" by Reginald W. Wills, Ohio Wesleyan, '00 ; "Phi Chapter in the War with Spain," by Frank Julian Warne, Pennsylvania, '9() ; "Youth and Its Friendships," by Willis O. Robb ; "Worth Waiting For," an anonymous piece of fiction, and two reviews, one of the "History of A X" and the other of "The Cycloped- ia of Fraternities." In addition, a discussion of the rights and duties of the District Chiefs was presented VOLUME TWENTY-SEVEN. 225 and an account of the suit brought to prevent the with- drawal of the charter of the St. Lawrence chapter of K K r. Volume XXVII for 1899-'00 had a cover printed in gold and blue. The design was a border of the wreath and torch repeated and it enclosed the coat of arms of the fraternity surrounded by a wreath of roses. The volume had many small articles and accounts of district reunions and banquets and a larger number of editorials than usual. The college articles were on "Brown University" by Russell W. Richmond, Brown, '02 ; the "University of California" by Willard G. Parsons, California, '00 ; "Mi- ami University ; "Amherst" by Nathaniel L. Goodrich, Amherst, '01; and "Dartmouth" by Louis L. Crone, Dartmouth, '01, and Thaddeus J. Merrill, Dartmouth, '02. The biographical articles related to Warren D. Oakes, DePauw, '95, the new general treasurer, John A. Fitch, Wabash, '63, of Indianapolis, Senator James Harlan, DePauw, '45 ; Dr. Henry A Buchtel, DePauw, '72, Chan- cellor of the University of Denver; David S. Tappan. Miami, '64, president of Miami University and David H. Moore, Ohio, '62, a Methodist Bishop. The first num- ber contained a review of the fraternity catalogue and a subsequent number another review of it copied from the Scroll of $ A 0, under the caption "As Others See Us." The decision on appeal in the K K r litigation was reprinted and there was one piece of anonymous fiction, ■"Jack Roses;" also "A Legend of Wooglin" by George 226 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. E. Fitch, Knox, '97, which was an allegorical dream not without some serious lessons. Volume XXVIII for IDOO-'Ol appeared with the same cover design printed in dark green on gray green paper. The college articles in this volume were descriptive of "The University of Colorado," "Ohio State University," "Syracuse University" and "Bowdoin College," the lat- ter by John A. Harlow, Bowdoin, '01. Biographical ar- ticles related to Benjamin B. Odell, Jr., Bethany, '77, Governor of New York ; John W. Yerkes, Centre, '73, Commissioner of Internal Revenue ; Dr. W. A. P. Mar- tin, Indiana, '46, the famous Chinese missionary and scholar ; Frank M. Joyce, DePauw, '83, a loyal and en- thusiastic P>eta; Dr. Theodore T. Munger, Western Re- serve, '51, author of the "Freedom of Faith," Wallace C. Sabine, Ohio State, '86, professor of physics at Har- vard, and Joseph R. Burton, Hanover, '73, recently elect- ed United States Senator from Kansas. Other articles were "Fraternity Life in the University of Chicago" by Francis W. Shepardson, "A Fraternity Policy," "A Chapter House Episode," "The Miracle of Brotherhood" by Prof. Wm. L. Graves, Ohio State, '93, "Joining a College Fraternity" by William C. Sprague, Denison, '81, and "Coming Back," an anonymous piece of fiction. This volume also contained adequate accounts of the dinners given at Cincinnati to Bishop David H. Moore, Ohio, '60, of the Methodist Church, as well as dinners at VOLUME TWENTY-NINE. 227 many other cities, some of which were in connection with district reunions. Volume XXIX for 1901-'02 had no change in its cover design, but it was printed in dark brown on orange. Besides the usual description of the convention, the first number of the volume contained "A Visit to the Chapters — a Study in Prophecy" by James T. Brown, the business manager, detailing his experiences during an imaginary future visit to the New England Chapters. The college articles during the year described "Wash- ington University;" "Cornell University," by Samuel P. Hitchcock, Cornell, '01 ; "The University of Iowa ;" "The University of Illinois" by Frank H. Holmes, Knox, '97, and "Washington State University." The biographical ar- ticles related to H. Walton Mitchell, Pennsylvania State, '90, newly elected to the board of trustees ; Captain Frank- lin Hanford, Naval Academy, 'GG, of the Navy; An- drew J. Montague, Richmond, '83, attorney general of Virginia; Ichizo Hattori, Rutgers, '75, governor of Hio- go Ken, Japan ; Dr. Ernest J. Lederle, Columbia, "86, Health Commissioner of New York City ; Prof. Samuel M'cCune Lindsay, Pennsylvania, '89, Commissioner of Education of Porto Rico; Charles S. Wheeler, Califor- nia, '84, a leading lawyer of San Francisco and a regent of the State University, and Rev. George W. F. Birch, Washington & Jefferson, '58, a Presbyterian clergyman of New York City, long active in the councils of the fra- ternity. Other articles were "The Fraternity in Athletics," 228 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. "Financing a Chapter House," "Fraternity Examinations" (reprint from the A Y Quarterly), "The Bowdoin Chap- ter House," by John A. Harlow, Bowdoin, '01; "Beta Teachers in the Philippines" by Benjamin E. Neal, Syr- acuse, '01 ; "The Ideal Fraternity" by William C. Sprague, Denison, '01, and two pieces of fiction, "The Falling of the Lamb" by Edward W. Mumford, Penn- sylvania, '89, and "Noblesse Oblige" by Arthur H. Ouinn, Pennsylvania, '94, and "The Scent of the Roses," a response to a banquet toast by Henry A. Williams, Wittenberg, '85. There were also the usual depart- ments, and the volume was several pages larger than before. Volume XXX for 1902-'03 had a new cover printed in very dark blue on gray paper, with an outside border made of the miniature wreath and torch repeated and with an inside panel displaying the dragon and shield. The illustrated college articles related to "Lehigh Uni- versity," "Wabash College," the "University of Michi- gan," the latter by Junius E. Beal. Michigan, '82, and "Stanford University.'' The biogrophical articles con- cerned Elijah E. Hoss, Ohio Wesleyan, '69, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South ; Dr. Watson L. Savage, Amherst, '82, the well known teacher of phy- sical culture ; Gen. John Coburn, Wabash, '4G, the founder of the Wabash Chapter; Willis Van Devanter, DePauw, '81, appointed U. S. Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit ; Prof. Thomas Randolph Price, Virginia, '58, Professor of English at Columbia, and William H. VOLUME THIRTY-ONE. 229 Tolman, Brown, '82, president of the American Institute of Social Service. Other articles were "Impressions of the Convention of 1902," by J. Cal Hanna; the "Taxa- tion of Chapter Houses;" "Some Observations of an Alumnus ;" the "Songs of the Fraternity," by Francis W. Shepardson, "Chapter Libraries," and "Thoughts Look- ing Toward Theta," the last named being a delightful piece of reminiscence by Willis O. Robb. In addition, there were articles describing the newly built chapter houses of the Michigan and Dartmouth Chapters and illustrations showing the Denison Chapter house before and after a disastrous fire. The dinner given to Governors Bates of Massachusetts, Odell of New York and Montague of Virginia at New York was amply described and many other dinners and reunions were noticed. In one number the history of The Beta Theta Pi for thirty years was briefly recounted and was accompanied by a portrait of Charles Duy Walker, the first editor. Volume XXXI for 1903-'04 showed no change in ex- ternal appearance. Although its size was increased until when bound it became somewhat unwieldy in bulk, yet the constant pressure of the necessity for printing the chapter letters diminished the room available for other material in this and subsequent volumes. The college articles presented during the year were "Purdue University," "Northwestern University," "West- ern Reserve University," the "University of Wisconsin," the "University of Nebraska," and "Wittenberg College," 230 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI, the last two by Nate W. Downs, Nebraska, 'OT. and Nor- man R. Work, Wittenberj^, '0(), respectively. Biographical articles related to Prof. Charles A. Youngs. Western Re- serve, '53, the famous astronomer, Melville W. Miller, DePauw, '81, appointed assistant Secretary of the Inter- ior, Edmind G. M'cGilton, Wisconsin, '83, elected Lieu- tenant-Governor of Nebraska, and Matthew S. Quay, Jefferson '50, Senator from Pennsylvania. Other articles were "Educational Experiments in the I'niversity of Chicago" by Francis W. Shepardson ; "Canada, as a Fraternity Field" by William S. Keller, Ohio Wesleyan, '97, and "Men and Measures — The Question of the Alumni" by Ralph B. Miller, Denison, '8(). There were also two pieces of fiction "Inter Frates" by M. LeRoy Arnold, Minnesota, and "J. Remington Victor" by Miss Ruth Leonard. Two articles were re- printed, one from "Success" by Prof. E. B. Andrews, entitled. "If I should go to College Again," and another, "Influence of the College Fraternity," copied from the Delta Upsilon Quarterly. Volume XXXII for 1904-'05 showed an unchanged cover. It contained an unusual niunbcr of editorials, an increase in the number of illustrations and much miscel- laneous matter of general fraternity interest under its heading of "The Greek World." The first number contained an account of the "Sixty- fifth Convention" at St. Louis, by William S. Keller, Ohio Wesleyan, '03, abundantly illustrated, and portraits of James L. Gavin, DePauw, '96, and Robert M. Thomp- .: VOLUME THIRTY-TWO. 231 son, Minnesota, '95, chosen to the positions of general treasurer and trustee respectively. The college articles during the year were "Boston University" by Clarence G. Campbell, Boston, '05, "The University of North Carolina" and "Washington Uni- versity," the latter by Arno D. Krause, Washington, '05. It contained illustrated articles descriptive of the chapter houses at Yale, Missouri, Maine and Denison, and por- traits or biographical articles relating to Charles Roy Na- smith, Colgate, '04, and Norman E. Dole, Stanford, '04, (who had made noticeable records in athletics), Robert R. Stone, Syracuse, '05, captain of the winning crew at the Poughkeepsie Regatta in 1904 ; the three Betas who were in the first lot of Rhodes scholars from the United States, viz. : Joel M. Johanson, Washington State, '04 ; Stanley K. Hornbeck, Colorado, '03 ; and Earl W. Murray, Kan- sas, '04 ; Edward Bruce Chandler, Michigan, '58 ; Prof. William M'. Warren, Boston, '83, dean of the college of Liberal Arts at Boston University ; Edward C. Stokes, Brown, '83, elected Governor of New Jersey ; John H. Patterson, Miami, 'G7, president of the National Cash Register Company, the Rev. Luther B. Wilson, Dickin- son, '75, elected Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Dr. George Ben Johnson, Virginia, '75, presi- dent of the American Surgical Association, and Henry St. George Tucker, Washington & Lee, '75, President of the Jamestown Exposition, certainly a list representing many phases of life and spheres of activity. There was one piece of fiction in this volume, the 232 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. "Beta Grip," by Ralph W. Kecler, Wesleyan, '04, and two addresses delivered at banquets, "A Beta in Utopia" by Prof. William L. Graves, Ohio State. '93, and the "Gen- eral Fraternity," by Walter E. Dennison, Ohio Wesley- an, '79. The banquets described were numerous and im- portant. The principal topics of editorial discussion were the manner o'f securin*^ the withdrawal of charters and the problem of the relation of a Beta who leaves his chapter and goes to an institution where there is another chap- ter, to that second chapter. Volume XXXIII for 1905-'06 was provided with a new cover, the design of George W. Wienhoeber, Cornell, "00. It was printed in tints of black and dark green upon a light brown back ground and comprised an outer cusped border and an inner stippled border and enclosed the title of the magazine in Greek above the coat of arms. Again the volume was increased in size and again did the editor feel compelled to omit much material of interest. The college articles concerned "Iowa State College," by Lyman W. Ellis, Iowa State, '07, "Iowa Wesleyan University," by Judson E. Piper, Iowa Wesleyan, '05, "Vanderbilt University" by W. O. Bates, Vanderbilt, '07, and the "University of Pennsylvania." Biograpliical ar- ticles or portraits were printed about Samuel Merwin, Northwestern, '00, a novelist of rising reputation ; Charles D. Williams, Kenyon, '80, elected Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Michigan; Aimaro Sato, De- Pauw, '81, secretary of the Japanese plenipotentiaries who VOLUME THIRTY-THREE. 233 negotiated the treaty of Portsmouth, John M. Pattison, Ohio Wesleyan, '69, elected Governor of Ohio; Charles H. Treat, Dartmouth, '65, treasurer of the United States ; Robert E. Lewis, Westminster, '80, appointed U. S. Dis- trict Judge in Colorado ; Richard Lee Fearn, Stevens, '84, Louis Garthe, Johns Hopkins, '83, and Frank G. Car- penter, Wooster, '77, three prominent Washington jour- nalists ; Stanley E. Gunnison, St. Lawrence, '99, a new trustee of the fraternity, and Eli Burt Parsons, Yale, '07, an athlete of international reputation. In addition, in the first number of the volume there appeared an account of the "Sixty-sixth Convention" at New York by Charles F. O'Brien, Ohio State, '03, and the "Boys of '39," the convention poem by Samuel Mer- win. Northwestern, '00. In other numbers, two articles on "The Kenyon Tragedy," by the editor ; "Some Fra- ternity Impressions," by Francis W. Shepardson, "Our Youthful days," by Ellis Guy Kinkead, Cincinnati, '89, "The High School Fraternity and the College Fratern- ity," by Francis W. Shepardson, "Old Time Betas," by Willis O. Robb, "Reminiscences of Old Michigan," by Rev. Nathaniel West, Michigan, '46, "the Purchase of a Chapter House," a "Review of the History of * A 0," a "Review of the Catalogue of 1905," by J. Cal. Hanna, "What College Students Read ;" a description of the house of the Washington State Chapter, a poem, "The Legend of Wooglin," by Robert F. Allen, Boston, '05, and a strong piece of fiction ; "Transfer No. 105," by Ralph W. Keeler, Wesleyan, '04. 234 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA I'l. Volume XXXIV for IIJOG-'OT was the same in general style and contents as \'olume XXXIII. The design of the cover was unchanged but it was printed in brown. The first number contained an article describing the Denver convention by Rev. Robert \V. Courtney, Rut- gers, '1)7, and the convention poem, "The Rubaiyat of Beta Theta Pi," by George H. Fitch, Knox, '97. During the year considerable attention was paid to the subject of High School societies and three articles were printed re- lating to it, "The High School Fraternity Nuisance," by John X'. Monroe, Bethany, '04, "A Legal Decision Con- cerning the High School Society,'' and "The Good Points of the High School Fraternity by John C. Spaulding, Michigan, '97. The college articles during the year related to the University of Toronto" by Donald McLean, Toronto, '07, the "University of Chicago," by Francis W. Shepardson, "Westminster College," by Charles L. Ferguson, Westminister, '09, and the "Univer- sity of Wooster," by F. E. Eastman, Wooster, '08. Bio- graphical articles or portraits appeared of William B, Doyle, Amherst, '99, president of the Denver convention; Prof. Francis W. Shepardson, Denison, '82, newly elected trustee ; Prof. Andrew F. West, Central, '73, of Princeton ; Henry A. Buchtel, DePauw, '72, elected Governor of Colorado; John Reily Knox, Miami, '39; Frank O. Low- den, Iowa, '85, member of Congress from Illinois ; and two new United States Senators, Norris Brown, Iowa, '83, of Nebraska, and William E. Borah, Kansas, '89, of Idaho. VOLUME THIRTY-FOUR. 235 Other articles were the "Greek Letter Fraternities as an Educational Influence," by Charles F. Birdseye (X *, Amherst, '72), the "Chapter House of the Syracuse Chapter," "Local Inter-Fraternities," by Dr. William S. Keller, Ohio Wesleyan and the "Protection of Fraternity Insignia," by the editor. There were also two pieces of fiction, the "Dimming of the Wreaths," by Ralph W. Keeler, Wesleyan, '04, and "The Return," a ghost story, by Prof. William L. Graves, Ohio State, '93. CHAPTER XII. Other Publicatio ns — Catalogues. The first catalogue of the fraternity was issued in 1855. The convention of 1848 ordered the Western Re- serve chapter which was then the presiding chapter to prepare a catalogue. Prior to that time the chapters had exchanged MSS. lists. Nothing much was done about the matter until the convention of 1851, when the Jefferson chapter, which was then made presiding chapter, was ordered to proceed with the work. During the three years from 1851 to 1854 the Jefferson chapter collected some chapter lists and the sum of $250.00 to defray the expense of printing. The convention of 1854 turned the entire matter over to the Miami chapter and the latter prepared and printed the catalogue late in 1855. It was a slim pamphlet of 63 pages, with a light pink cover, on the front of which was displayed a lithographed picture of the badge, with a chased border, surrounded by the circular symbol of eternity, and resting on clouds. The title page was severely plain, and read, "Catalogue | of the I Beta Theta Pi [ MDCCCLV," the whole sur- rounded by a light double-ruled black border. Facing (237) GA MM A CHAPTER. Ulysses Mercur, V.J. Towanda. Pa. Isaac S. McMcckin, V.J. Lycoming Co.. Pa. A. W Hendricks. V.J. Madison. Indiana. W M. Houston, t.J. Monroe Co.. Missouri. Robert P. Nevin, t.J. Pittsburgh, Pa. .1. R. Lowrie, V.J. Hollidajsburg, Pa. John M. Sallivan, V.J. Butler. Pa. John P. Penney, V.J. Pittsburgh. Pa. Charles Martin, Prof tt 8. CoHega J. Prince Edwards. Va. James Matthews, r e x.d. Prof Center CoUeje. Danville. Kentucky. J. M. Moore, t.J. Opelowcas, Louisiana Wm. J. McCulloh, re.F. Washington, D. C. Wm. M. Scott. Tex.E. Prof Center College Danville. Kentucky. Joseph R. Wilson, Prol H a College E. Prince Edwards, Va. U. T. Merrick. V.E. Baltimore. Maryland. James L Rogers. r Pror MlllUrj ln«Utute €>r.E. Marietta. Georgia. JoshCia T. Owen. v.E. Philadelphia, Pa. „ 1 — ■ ■ ■ > Facsimile of a page of the Catalogue of 1855. CATALOGUE OF 1855. 239 the title page was the well-known frontispiece represent- ing the so-called fraternity legend and displaying the front of a Greek temple, an altar and some other sym- bols. On the reverse of the title page was the imprint, ''Wm. Overend & Co., Printers, Cincinnati." The text comprised the list of members, arranged by chapters. Under each chapter, the names appeared in the order of admission to the fraternity. There is nothing whatever to indicate to what colleges the several chapters be- longed. • The chapter list was as follows: A, Miami, 94 mem- bers ; B, Western Reserve, 46 ; B', Cincinnati 13 ; T, Jefferson, 92; A, Asbury, 99; E, Centre, '53; E', Tran- sylvania, 22 ; Z, Hampden-Sidney, 33 ; Z', Harvard, 5 ; H, North Carolina, 33; H', Indiana, 23; 0, Ohio Wes- leyan, 15; 0', Princeton, 15; I, Hanover, 23; I', Wil- liams, 10; K, Ohio, 31; A, Michigan, 36; M, Cumber- land, 15; M', Wabash, 11; N, Washington (Pa.), 5; H. Knox, 11 ; and O, Virginia, 5. Total 689. The book concludes with an alphabetical index, headed, "Beta Theta Pi \ Index," which gave the name, chapter and date of initiation of each member on a single line, thus : ;■ Agnew, B. L. Gamma 1854. In examining the rolls, we find few notes to indicate anything concerning the career of the members. Among others are James Long, "Superintendent Public Schools;" Daniel McCleary, "United States Army;" John C. Zachos, "Prof. Antioch College;" James Matthews, 240 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. "Prof. Centre College ;" W. H. DeMotte, "Teacher in D. and D. Asylum ;" Albert G. Porter, "Rep. Indiana Su- preme Court ;" Hon. Schuyler Colfax, "Member Con- gress ;" Hon. H. Marshall, "Envoy to China;" James M. Safford, "State Geologist, Tennessee." The book abounds in errors inseparable from the transcription of names by hurried schoolboys. Hon B. Gratz Brown, for instance, is effectually disguised as "B. C. Bovan," and John Co- burn, of Indiana, is called "Colburn." But, on the whole, the work is well done, and compares very favorable with the contemporaneous catalogues of A A ^, * Y and 2 ^. The convention of 1858 placed in the hands of the Ohio chapter the matter of preparing a new edition of the catalogue, and that chapter promptly took up the work, secured the additions to the lists from the chapters and issued the book in 1859. The catalogue of 1859 followed closely the style and arrangement of that of 1855. It had the same cover of pink glazed paper and was provided with the same title and frontispiece. On the reverse of the title page was the imprint "Spiller & Brother, Book and Job Printing, Cincinnati." The text closely copied that of the first edition and consisted of 93 pages. The following is the chap- ter list : A, Miami, IIG members ; B, Western Reserve, 67 ; B', Cincinnati, 13; T, Jefferson, 110; A, Asbury, 132; A', Ohio, 23 ; E, Centre, 88 ; E', Transylvania, 22 ; Z, Hamp- den-Sidney, 54 ; Z', Harvard, 7 ; H, North Carolina, 46 : H', Indiana, 26 ; 0, Ohio Wesleyan, 35 ; 0', Princeton, 16 ; I, Hanover, 50; I', Williams, 10; K, Ohio, 31; A, Michi- GAMMA CHAPTER Ulysses Mercur, Isaac S. McMeckin, A. W. Hendricks, W. M. Houston, Robert P. Nevin, J. R. Lowrie, John M. Sullivan, John P. Penney, Charles Martin, ProC H. S. Conege James Matthews, Prof. Cenksr College. J. M. Moore, Wm. J. McCulloh, Wm. M. Scott, r Prof. CenUr College Joseph R. Wilson, Prol. H. 8. CoUcgo R T. Merrick, James L. Rogers, r Prof. MUitAry Instilnte Joshua T. Owen, V.J. Towanda, Pa. i/.J. Lycoming Co., Pa. kJ. Madison, Indiana. t.J. Monroe Co., Missouri e.d. Pittsburgh, Pa. V.J. HoUidaysburg, Pa. V.J. Butler, Pa. V.J. Pittsburgh, Pa. J. Prince Edwards, Va. £ X.J. Danville, Kentucky. t.J. Opelowcas, Louisiana. Xt.E. Washington, D. C. tx.E. Danville, Kentucky. E. Prince Edwards, Va. v.£. ex.E. Baltimore, Maryland. Marietta, Georgia. .E. Philadelphia, Pa.. v.t Facsimile of a page of the Catalogue of 1859. 242 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. gan, 77; M, Cumberland, 45; M', Wabash, IG ; N, Wash- ington (Pa.), 11; H, Knox, 24; O, Virginia, 45 ; IT, In- diana, 24; P, Washington (Va.), IcS ; 2, Illinois, 17; T, Wabash, 10 ; Y, South Carolina, 9 ; *, Davidson, 10. To- tal, 1142. It will be noticed that the Ohio, Indiana, and Wabash chapters are listed twice. After a period of in- activity they were, upon revival, given new names. The alphabetical index and the s^yle and character of the notes were the same as in the first edition. The convention of 18G4 placed the matter of prepar- ing a new catalogue in the hands of the Miami chapter, but that chapter was then unable to do the work. The convention of 1865 repeated the request, but as Miami, on account of its small numbers was unable to comply, the Hanover chapter, which was then the presiding chapter, undertook the work and issued the catalogue of ISGG. The catalogue of 18GG was published at Cincinnati. It was a paper-covered pamphlet, of the same style as the preceding editions. On the front cover was the same de- sign. The frontispiece was the same as previously used, but was lithographed, and not engraved. This was a very inferior piece of work, the name of the fraternity at the top being "B 1 1" not "B IT." The title page reads, "Catalogue \ of the | Beta Theta Pi | MDCCCLXVI ; James B. Boyd, Steam Book and Job Printer, I No, 25 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio." The book contained 84 pages and the following chap- ter list: A, Miami. 156; B, Western Reserve, 105; B'. Cincinnati, 13; r, Jefferson, 130; A, Asbury, 155; A'. CATALOGUE OF 1866. 243 Ohio, 23; E', Centre, 87; E", Transylvania, 23; Z', Hampden-Sidney, 58 ; Z", Harvard, 7 ; H', North Car- olina, 46; H", Indiana, 26; ©, Ohio Wesleyan, 90; 0' Princeton, 16; I, Hanover, 91; I', Williams, 10; K, Ohio, (as re-established), 61; A', Michigan, 92; M, Cumber- land, 77; M', Wabash, 16; N', Washington (Pa.), 52; E, Knox, 57; O, Virginia, 65; IT, Indiana (as re-establish- ed), 62 ; P, Washington (Va.), 34 ; 2' IlHnois, 27 ; T, Wa- bash (as re-established), 41; Y', South Carolina, 9; ^', Davidson, 10 ; X', Beloit, 18 ; Q, U. S. Naval Academy, 9 ; A A, Monmouth, 10. Total 1,675. The book concludes with an alphabetical index, but contains nothing to indicate the location of the chapters. It abounds in errors, mostly in the proper names, and has a large number of omissions of addresses. It was evi- dently a mere transcript of the lists furnished by the chapter secretaries. There are some curious errors, Jos- eph G. Wilson, of Alpha, for instance, being transposed to the head of Beta's Hst, and the latter being left with- out a heading. In this edition the number of biographical foot-notes was slightly increased, and several Congress- men were noticed. Under Gamma's list, we note an odd combination of the sites of the Universities of North and South Carolina, A. D. Hepburn being named as residing at Columbia, N. C. The convention of 1869 directed the Miami chapter to prepare the material for a new edition and the lists were collected and compiled by Roger Williams. Miami, '70. who presented the MSS. to the Chicago convention of 244 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. 1870 and the Chicago alumni offered to pubHsh it and did so. The catalogue of 1870 was the same size and style as the previous editions. It was bound in paper and cloth. The title page was severely plain, displaying the title, "Catalogue | of the | Beta Theta Pi, | MDCCCLXX. i Printed at the Lakeside Press, | 108 and 110 Dearborn Street, Chicago." It contained the well-known frontis- piece, and, following this, a list of the chapters, giving their Greek names, the colleges to which they were at- tached, and their location. The chapter roll was as fol- lows: A, Miami, 165; B', Cincinnati, 13; B", Western Re- serve, 90 ; r', Jefferson, 131 ; A, Asbury, 191 ; E, Center, 94 ; E', Transylvania, 23 ; Z, Hampden-Sidney, 83 ; Z', Harvard, G ; H', North Carolina, 46 ; 0, Ohio Wesleyan, 131 ; 0', Princeton, 16 ; I, Hanover, 109 ; I', Williams, 8 ; K, Ohio University, 115 ; A', Michigan, 86 ; M, Cumber- land, 114; N, Washington (Pa.), 63; E, Knox, 74; O, Virginia, 95; 11, Indiana, 114; P, Washington (Va.), 57; 2', Illinois, 37; T, Wabash, 78; Y' South Carolina, 11; *', Davidson, 30 ; X', Beloit, 18 ; *', Bethany, 9 ; 12', U. S. Naval Academy, 9 ; A A, Monmouth, 35 ; B B, Iowa 35 ; r r, Wittenberg, 31 ; A A, Westminister, 17 ; E E, Iowa Wesleyan, 31 ; Z Z, Chicago, 8 ; H H, Denison, 13 ; 0. Virginia Military Institute, 33 ; II, Washington Univer- sity, 14. Total, 3,194. The following alumni chapters were also included : A, Chicago; r, Indianapolis; A, Louisville; and, in conclu- CATALOGUE OF 1881. 245 sion there was an alphabetical index giving the name and chapter of each member. The catalogue of 1881 was the result of two years' hard labor on the part of the committee. It was a square 8vo volume of some 400 pages, bound in colored cloth, with a back title in Greek letters, "BrjTa ®r]Ta lie," and a gilt side-title displaying the dragon supporting a shield. The inside title page reads : "Catalogue | of the [ Beta Theta Pi | cut of the Dragon and Shield \ In the Forty-Third Year j of the ] Fraternity." The frontis- piece was the same in design as that used for all the pre- vious editions, but as the old plate had been spoiled, the design was re-engraved by Dreka. After the title page follows a page giving the names of the editors, Charles J. Seaman, Denison, '71 ; William R. Baird, Stevens, '78, and Edwin H. Terrell, DePauw, '71. Then follows a page giving the list of the board of directors and officers of the fraternity, and then a list of 43 chapters, with the pages in the book where the roll of their members could be found. Only the active chapters v;ere thus indexed. The names of the members of the chapters then inactive were placed before or after the list of some active chap- ter; thus, the Cincinnati chapter follows Miami, the Transylvania chapter precedes Centre, and the Williams chapter Brown, the Naval Academy chapter follows Brown, the North Carolina chapter follows Hampden- Sidney, the Washington & Lee, Davidson, South Caro- lina and V. M. I. chapters follow Virginia, the Washing- i.T- 4^ JEFFEMSOH C0LLE15E, GAMMA. JEFFERSON COLLEGE. i8«*Rev. Hevry Snyuer: cT, 1'". 2. '•''; ^'«w York, N. Y. Admtltort at thp " Alpha ;'* Founrlorof the Gamma, 1S42; Profeisor of Htstory, Jefferson College, IMI-M ; of History. CVntre College. l>Vil>-52 ; of Matliematlcs, Cen- ~Ue CoUese. IsdJ-'il : of History. HKinpdin Sidney College, IH57^ ; drowned Id New York Harbor. Hos. Ulysses Mercer, LL.D. T?, S, Q'°; Tonawanda, Pa. LL.D., Washington and Jefferson College, 1S79; First honor, IHK; Trustee of the Susquehanna C°°; Lycoming, Pa. United Stutes Consul to Acapulco, IW7.C1. Abram Washington Hendricks ; +, ^, ^, 'Q"; lodianapolis, Ind. Hanover College, 1H39-40 ; English salutatory. I»t3; elected orator of the «h Tri- ennial Convenllon. ISil ; Puyniastcr, V. ». A.. 18Cl-tS. •"^William M. Houston; J, •>""; Whitesville, Mo. Robert Peeble.s Nevin; /T, '^.'"*; Pittsbarg, Pa. Editor and proprietor of the " Pittsburg Times ;" one of the proprietor?* of the " Pittsburg l.o^uler;" Author of •■ Blink Uolx's" "Tom the Tinker," ami other stories; contributor to the "Atlantic .Monthly," " Knlckcrlw^cker's Magazine,*" and " Llpplncotfs Magazlr\e." Jonathan RoBcnTS Lowun-;; h,'Q"'; Warriorsraark.'Pa. LL.B.. Western University of Tenusj Ivanln, l*»o; Valedictorian, 1M2. Hon. John McPher-son Suixivan ; '°i?'"; Allegheny City, Pa. V8le— er. (Indianapolis, Ind.) Member Indiana legislature, 1852-55. Major and pajTnaster, U. S. army, 186 1-5. Also Pi Epsilon. Dttd .\'ov. ss, 1887- 5. \yiLLiAM May Houston. A.B., 1843; M.D., 1845. Retired. Mexico, Mo. 6. Robert Peebles Nevin. A.B., 1842; A.M., 1844. Journalist. Pittsburgh, Pa. Residence, Sewickly, Pa. Proprietor "Pittsburgh Times." Author "Black-Robes," "Les Trois Rois," "Tom the Tinker." Contributor to various magazines. 7. "Jonathan Roberts Lowrie. A.B., 1842; LL.B. (Western U. of Pa.), 1845. Law- yer. (Warrior's Mark, Pa.) Died Dec. lo, /S8j. Facsimile of a page of the 1899 Catalogue. 254 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Williams 11 ; Centre ^5^ ; 15rown 107 ; Hampden-Sidney li) pages, about 33/2x() inches in size, the type space being further reduced by a red line border. It ^ The original was found by Georpte M. Chandler, Michiijan, '97, amonjj tlic papers of ]iis father, Edward Bruce Chandler, Michigan, '5S. in the fall of 1906. THE ODES OF 1847, 263 FOR THE I. CHAPTER OF THE B. 0. II. ASSOCIATION. i OPENING ODE. i HatJ uoble bonJ of youthful nicii. J Who form the my^t'ic tie, ' The Serret Order numb'iiog ten, ' 5 Of B^ia.Theta, Pi! On common ground to-night wo mtet. Let joy light every eye ; i With sang of cheer, let each one greet H.3 Beia, Theio, Pi. At-Frieiidshiij's pure, and holy shribe Let all dnsensioiis die, And mutu.il confideuce eotwioe Our Belo.Theu, Pi. In " Frit D it.- hip Hall," ''mid social qlro, , Let nil wilh trusfreh, I And'joiri tnch heart in hnniiony Wilh Ucta.Thela, Pi. Let Virtue, Tnith, nod Merit stand Wilh us ejculcheoned high l'pi>n the shield which guards our (aiiil, \ Or Uetn, Thcln, Pi. Let invocatiooa here find birth — Perchance they'll reach the sky* • , And blessings soon may shower down I On Beta, Thet.i, Pi. (4«f^ Lel^onier sit enthroned fo-nighl, ^^jL As f rder reigns on high, ?lSj, And each renew h\'i socied pliglit ■5S2 To Belli, Thet.i Pi. W CLOSING ODE. wsS Come, let ench Beta join his vorcc, ^Sy And bid our Loilge g To lis— to Beta. Theta, Pi. Facsimile of the first printed collection of Fraternity sonj^s. 264 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. has a cover of black glazed paper, on the front page of which, enclosed in a gilt line border, in old English type, is the title : "Beta Theta Pi | Beta Chapter | Leader Print. Cleveland." The inside title on the first page is also in old English, in a slightly curved line., "Catalogue and Songs | of Beta Chapter." On the fifth i>age is the following dedication : This catalogue and collection of songs, published under the auspices of Beta chapter, is most respectively and affectionately dedicated to its graduate members. Then follows the catalogue of members of the chap- ter, with their names and residences and symbols, pre- cisely as in the catalogue of 1870, except that the name of T. T. Munger is not in the catalogue of 1870, and Marshall, Mendenhall and Brooks arc not in this list. The following songs were in the book, each one of them appropriately named : Invitation Song, "Now brothers to our social band;" Reunion Song, "Some time ago there was a band. With hearts both warm and true," etc. ; Beta Tlicta Pi Song, "He who on self relies. Dares others' help despise, Makes feeble fight" — this to the tune of America ; Our Motto, "Oh, joyous and bright are the eyes of the few," etc. ; Beta's Emblems, "On Be- ta's night, every heart is light;" Ne'er May Name of Beta Fade, taking its title from the first line of the chorus ; Beta's Bonds, to the tune of Annie Laurie, "The heart is ne'er so joyous," etc. ; "Let us be happy to- night," "Raise a song of breath sublime," both named from their titles ; then the well-known Our Founders, THE SONG BOOK OF 1872. 26S ""When we meet to sing the pleasures that the bonds of Beta yield," etc. ; OJu Spotless Name for Aye, and the Parting Song," "Brothers, an anthem raise ere we de- part." There are twelve songs in all. The music is not given nor the names of the composers of the songs, and only a few of the latter are known. Our Founders was writ- ten by S. E. Williamson, Western Reserve, '6-i ; Beta's Bonds, by Hon. James B. Black, DePauw, '60, and Beta's Emblems, by M. L. Brooks, Western Reserve, '64. The next song book was intrusted to Alpha Eta chapter, and was published by Charles J. Seaman, Den- ison, '71, in 1872. It is a cloth-bound 12mo book of 56 pages, and contains the words of -11 songs, but no music. There is likewise nothing in this book to indi- cate who wrote the songs. On the front page of the cloth cover is a monogram of rustic letters, "B," "0," "n," surrounded by a wreath and surmounted by three stars. The inside title page is printed in three colors — I black, red and purple — and reads : "Songs | of the Beta Theta Pi | {cut of badge) \ Fraternity | MDCCCLXXII." This is the best known of our song books, and contained many good songs not in the previous edition — among others, the well-known "Gemma Nostra," by J. S. Tuni- son, Denison, '73, who also wrote the beautiful doxol- ogy: Bless now, O God on high, Bless Beta Theta Pi; Let naught of wrong Sully our Mystic gem ; Let not the wreath be dim : 266 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Then shall praise be to him To whom our song. Also the fine lyric by Dr. J. S. Stilson, of Hanover, I 1 . There's a scene where brothers greet Where true kindred hearts do meet, At an altar, sending love's sweet incense high ; Where is found, without alloy, Plirest stores of earthly joy — 'Tis within the hall of Beta Theta Pi. And the Wooglin song, by J. H. Lozier, DePauw, '57, the author of the Legend of Wooglin, and who has done so much to evoke enthusiasm by his stirring songs. There is an inspiration in the closing verse of this song which initiates have repeatedly said impressed them as nothing else had done : 'Tis not by the fortunes of fate, brother. That lasting fame is won ; They only are victors great, brother. Who win every step they run. Then keep our motto in view, brother. And ever, with lofty aim. Be fearless, and pure, and true, brother. And Wooglin will guard your fame. Rev. S. X. Wilson, Hanover. "72, is the author of another song endeared by associations to many genera- tions of college youth. What initiate can forget the en- thusiasm pent up in the chorus : Far and wide the praise of Beta sing, Out on the air the happy chorus ring. Joyful in heart may each brother be. Under the mystic three. THE SONG BOOK OF 1884. 267 Wooglin's Christmas song, by Charles Duy Walker, V. M. I., '69, while not so popular as some mentioned, is one of the finest songs in the book. Sung to the air of the "Bonnie Blue Flag," the tune was replete with patriotic reminiscence to a Confederate soldier, and the words are full of tender sentiment. Perhaps the most popular song in the collection, how- ever is by Charles Hemenway Adams, DePauw, '65, who is now one of the editors of the Courant at Hartford, Conn. It is a parting song, which first appeared in this edition, and has been sung hundreds of times at reunions and banquets as the hands were joined in the mystic circle : And now let hand grip into hand. And eye look into eye, As breaks the leal and loving band Of Beta Theta Pi. A selection of these songs for convention use was a little book of 3G pages, bound in a blue paper cover, issued in 1881 by Chas. J. Seaman. The title page dis- played a most grotesque dragon and shield in blue and red and bore the imprint of J. B. Savage, Cleveland, O. On page 27 there is printed an alternative melody for Wooglin's Christmas song. The song book of 1884, compiled and published under the supervision of W\ H. January, Centre, 'SO. was a great improvement upon its predecessors. It was an octavo volume and consisted of 105 pages and 56 songs, and for the first time the music was printed with the songs, and the names of the authors were given, when 268 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. known. There was nothing in the book to indicate who was the e(Htor or printer. 'i"he book was bound in a hmi) cloth cover, displaying the familiar dragon and shield, and with red edges, cut close, and the inside title was, "Songs | of the j Beta Theta Pi | Fraternity | 1884." The old songs were retained, but several new ones were added, notably "Friendship" and "The Three Knights," by Harmon S. Babcock, Brown, 'T4 ; a Latin song, "Manus Laeta." by W. H. Wait. Northwestern, '?7; "Hail ! Noble Greeks," l)y Willis Boughton, Michigan, '81 ; "Carve Dat Canine," an adaption of a negro melody and sentiment, by John I. Covington, Miami, 'TO; "The Alumni Call." by If. C. White, Stevens, '81; and a stir- ring banquet song by Arthur L. Hughes, Denison, '78, to the air of "Landlord, fill the flowing bowl." Thr book, strange to say, was not popular, probably from its somewhat unhandy size. It was well edited, however, and marked a distinct advance in the hvmnol- ogy of the fraternity. An edition of the song book was issued in 188(), and a second edition of this version in 1888. These, and the subsequent editions down to 1891, were under the direction of Frank M. Joyce, DePauw, '82, and Frank W. Burgoyne, Wooster, '86. They were all well bound in cloth or leather, with the dragon and the ])adge cut on the outside. The inside title is, "Songs | of the I Beta Theta Pi | (Cut of the dragon and badge) \ Fra- ternity," followed by the date. All of these editions have the music, and, where known, the names of the THE SONG BOOK OF 1902. 269 authors of the songs. The editions of 1886-'88 con- tained 54 songs in 79 pages ; that of 1891, contains 63 songs in 105 pages. None of these editions under the management of Joyce and Burgoyne contain any refer- ence to any place of pubhcation. A new edition was issued in 1894 by Frank M. Joyce. It was a book of 135 pages and contained 72 fraternity songs and 17 college songs. The title page reads "Car- mina Beta | Songs | of the j Beta Theta Pi Fraternity j compiled by | Frank M. Joyce | Delta Chapter, class 1883 I Minneapolis, Minn., | 1894 |. In the 55th year of ths Fraternity."" The book was bound in leather with red edges and had a gold side title. It contained nine more songs than the preceding edition, mostly distinctive chapter songs. The edition of 1902 was edited and published by Hor- ace G. Lozier of the Chicago chapter under the super- vision of a committee appointed by the trustees and con- sisting of Francis H. Sisson, George M. Chandler and Frank E. Lord. It is a small quarto in form and is bound in a red cloth cover, displaying the fraternity flag and the words "Beta Songs." A back title reads: "Songs of B n." The inside title is "Songs of | coat of arms \ Beta Theta Pi | . In the sixty-third year of the Fra- ternity." It contained a list of the contributors, a hand- some steel engraving of the standard badge, a facsimile of "Gemma Nostra," in the handwriting of the author, J. S. Tunison, Denison, '73, and 116 pages of words and music. 270 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. There are a few new songs in the book but its merit does not reside in this novelty but in the fine musical arrangement . the parts being given in most cases and with full musical directions. All the songs were in singable keys and were provided with a simple piano accompaniment. Some of the songs had extra accompani- ment for guitar and mandolin. There were three new marching tunes and some of the older songs were pro- vided with new melodies. The most popular of the new songs was "She Wears my Ikta Pin" by Brother Lozier. The book was an immediate success and the edition was quickly sold. There was a second impression which was also sold and a new edition is now in preparation under the same efficient management. One of the finest songs first published in this edition cf 1902 is by Sam Walter Foss, Brown, 'S2. The music for it was written by Robert W. Dunn, Michigan, '95. GOOD BETAS SING FOREVER. Let the zephyr sigh or the tempest blow, Let the tossing waves roll high or low, Let the world go fast or the world go slow, Good Betas sing forever. In the hopeful ray of the morning light. In the twilight gloom of the gathering night, When the stars are hid or the heavens are bright. Good Betas sing forever. Chorus — Then sing we the song of the young and the strong, Of the friends of the right and the foes of the wrong; UNOFFICIAL EDITION OF 1899. 271 For our hopes are bright and our hearts are light, And the songs of joy are our songs to-night. We are bold and free as the birds that fly In the azure depths of the boundless sky, And we sing like them as the days go by; Good Betas sing forever. We heed not the flight of the rolling years, And the yearly round of the circling spheres, For our joys are full and we know no fears; Good Betas sing forever. For our hopes are bright and the world is wide, And we launch our skiff on the outward tide, And we sing as we sail, whatever betide ; Good Betas sing forever. We sing as we sail from our sheltered lea To the summer isles or the wintry sea. Wherever our course or our port may be ; Good Betas sing forever. Here's a song for the joys of the days gone by, And a song for the joys that before us lie, And a song for both, with never a sigh ; Good Betas sing forever. Let the zephyr sigh or the tempest blow. Let the tossing waves roll high or low. Let the world go fast or the world go slow ; Good Betas sing forever. An unofficial edition of the songs was issued at In- dianapolis in 1899. It is a duodecimo book of 58 pages. The songs are printed without the music. It was bound in a reddish brown paper cover and displayed the title "Songs I of the | Beta Theta Pi | Fraternity. | Presented 272 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. to I the Indianapolis Alumni | 1899." It is practically a reprint of the edition of 1888 but contains thirteen songs not found in that collection, one being a song df the Mystic Seven. Several small collections of songs have been printed for use at banquets and the like. One of our songs which is of the "Nonsense' char- acter, based upon the advertisement of a popular break- fast food called "Force," has been very popular at con- ventions, and is reproduced below. It has been written since the edition of 1903. Sunn\? 3im Air: "The Pope" (in all college song-books). (AdaiUed by Geo. W. Bellows, Ohio State, '0.5, after a version by the Kenyon Glee Club.) Jim Dumps he led a sorry life, sorry life ; He had the meanest kind o' wife, kind o' wife. The babies they would always get the croup And they would yell like billy whoop — The babies they would always get the croup And they would yell like hilly whoop. At last, all driven tn despair, to despair, Jim Dumps got up and tore his hair, and tore his hair ; At last his wife brought home some Force to him And Force has made him Sunny Jim — At last his wife hrought home some Force to him And Force has made him Sunny Jim. A little frog sat on a well, on a well, And sang with fire in his eye, in his eye Sang he, I am a Theta Delta man. THE MYSTIC MESSENGER. 273 A dear old Beta Theta Pi, Sang he, I am a Theta Deha man, A dear old Beta Theta Pi. We will conclude our review of our literature on this subject by transcribing a sentiment by a recent under- graduate who caught the spirit of the fraternity singing and has expressed it skillfully in verse, as follows: H Beta Sono By Monica Byrd, Bethany, '05. O sing me a bit of a Beta song, For fellowship and cheer, No other music rings so long In a Beta's heart and ear. For the words are brave, and the words are true, And the air won't drag along; Go find a Beta boy or two, To sing a Beta song. The stormy opera passes by, The master's band is gone. The mighty strains grow dim and die, We lose them, one by one ; But change may come, and years take wing, Till we all are silver grays, And still the Beta boys will sing The songs of Beta days. Periodicals Other than the Magazine. The Mystical Seven maintained a creditable publica- tion from 188C to 1890, when it was merged into the Beta Theta Pi upon the union of the two fraternities. It was called the Mystic Messenger, and was begun with the MYSTIC + MESSENGER. .^ EIJIT02-IN-CHIEf : COOPF.R D. SCHMITT, Charhilterjille, In. ALOUHUS ESITOB : M. H. H. Cai.dwkll, Concord, N. C. •^ J^ !i-v_ CHAPTEB EIITOES: /funds ami Torch, Frank Mullkr, University of Va. S'iiorii and Shield, Ror.T. G. Si'ARROW, Davidson College, N. C. Star of the South, M. \V. ECERTON, Chafel mil, N. C. — PUnLISHF.n RY TIIK — "^ MYSTIC SEVEN FRATERNITY. Vol. II. JULY, 1887. No. 4 With this issue closes the second volume. That the de- cision of the fraternity to issue the Messenger quarterly was a wise one, is now evident to all. We can see how much it has helped in uniting the chapters, stirring up an interest in one another and arousing a more general interest among the alumni. We sometimes wonder what would be the present position of the fraternity if we had always had a publication, and it fills us with much regret to look back upon the dark ages of our existence when the brethren were even too indo- lent to transcribe the minutes of regular meetings, much less try to do anything for our advancement. It seems strange that the love for the fraternity could become so faint and so selfish as it then was. The members were content to enjoy themselves without a thought of what they might accomplish in the fraternity world. Every year we are gaining, and the Messenger is filling an important position. As we increase Facsimile of a page of the journal of the Mystical Seven. MYSTICAL MESSENGER. 275 publication of Volume I., No. 1, in June, 1886, Cooper D. Schmitt being the editor. It was a large octavo of 28 pages, with a light brown paper cover, and contained the report of the chief executive, certain statistics of the chapters, and a short historical sketch of the fra- ternity, with the reports of the chapters, the rolls of some of them, and various general articles. The articles were usually signed with the mystical names of the members. This number contained no imprint, and nothing indicated the place of publication or the address of the editor. The next number, of 28 pages, was called Volume II., No 1, and was dated November, 1886. The editor-in- chief was still Cooper D. Schmitt; M. H. H. Caldwell, of Concord, N. C, was alumnus editor, and the chapter editors were Frank Muller, University of Virginia ; Robert G. Sparrow, Davidson College, and M. W. Edgerton, University of North Carolina. It consisted of chapter notes, letters and miscellaneous correspondence. No. 2 of this volume was dated January, 1887, was enlarged to 32 pages, and contained about the same amount of matter, only more systematically arranged. Its first cover page bore the legend, "Published Quar- terly by the Mystic Seven Fraternity | Terms of Sub- scription, $1.00 for Four Numbers | Entered as Second- class Matter at the Post-office at Charlottsville, Va. | Charlottsville, Jeffersonian Print." No. 3 was dated April, 1887, and contained the announcement of the semi-centennial convention to be held in June. There 276 HANDnnoK of ret a tiieta ri. were good letters from all the chapters, some timely gossip and personals grouped under the head of "Mes- sages." No. 1, dated July, 1887, of 20 pages, showed no change in style or management. It contained the report of the chief executive which, among other items, included an account of the attempt to re-establish com- munication with the bastard senior society of the Owl & Wand, at Wesleyan University, that society then being tJK night to be a legitimate though indififerent chajiter. 1'hc' chapter reports and correspondence, together with the minutes of the semi-centennial convention, concluded the number. \^olume TIT. opened with No. 1. of 28 pages, was dated November. 1887. and showed no change in style or management, except changes in the chajHer editors. It contained chapter reports, some historical notes, and the usual quota of "messages." No. 2. dated Feb- ruary, 1888. contained 30 pages. It had chapter re- ports and good historical articles on the Wesleyan and Mississippi chapters. The former was from the pen of Geo. H. Stone, Wesleyan, '67, who, while evincing a deep interest in the fraternity, neglected to inform the Mystics that he had been chiefly instrumental in causing the destruction of the parent chapter, and in transfer- ring its practices and ritual to a senior society. There were no more numbers in this volume. The journal sus- pended for lack of support, and was not revived until April, 1889. when Volume IV. was opened by the issue of No. 1 . of GG pages, under the direction of Herbert sigma's alumnus. 277 barry, of Warrentown^ Va. This number contained the usual chapter reports, and article on "A Japanese Dinner Party," by Charles M. Bradbury, Virginia, '88 ; one of "Observation in Greece," by Dr. Gonzalez Lodge, of the Davidson chapter, with careful and well-written his- tories of the temple of the Hands & Torch, at the Uni- versity of Virginia, the temple of the "Sword & Shield," at Davidson College, and the temple of the "Star o'f the South," at the University of North Carolina. It also contained a complete roll of the temple of the "Hands & Torch." It announced that thereafter the Mystic Mes- senger would be issued semi-annually. The union with B n, however, obviated the necessity for continuing it, and it has been merged into the older journal of the united order, which, since January, 1890, has borne the legend, "With which has been united the Mystic Mes- senger." When the A 2 X fraternity united with B © n, some of the new chapters felt that they needed some means to bring their alumni in harmony and touch with their new fraternity relations. The Stevens and Cornell chapters accordingly commenced the issue of chapter periodicals. Each of these was printed on the hektograph, and was a small quarto in form. Each contained the full roll of members of the chapter. That of Stevens was called "Sigma's Alumnus." It ran through two volumes, the numbers 6i which were as follows : Vol. I., No. 1, Feb- ruary, 1881; No. 2, March, 1881; No. 3, April, 1881; No. 4, May, 1881. Vol. II., No. 1, November, 1881 ; Cbc Dorg ...SF=»OR-riryca extra Vol. 1. PTESRUARV. 10Oe. No. «. Pukll ahcd br 3529 Phi Ckipttf • UnWcrattr of Locuil Stfffl Bcta Theta Pi" at the top in large orna- mental type; in the center is a gilt panel, enclosing the illustration used by chapter in the catalogue of 1881. The music consists of six large pages, and is a pleasing refrain. Another piece of dance music is the "Students' Gal- op," by Miss Katie Randolph Sheets, of Indianapolis. It was dedicated to the fraternity, and first published in 1877, by Wm. A. Pond & Co., of New York, but this firm discontinued its issue in 1881, or 1882, and we do not now know where it can be obtained. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS. 287 A third piece is a march by Karl Ruger pubHshed by Lyon & Healy and dedicated to the Virginia Chapter. A fourth piece is the "B 11 March" by Louis A. Rut- ter, dedicated to the Omicron chapter and pubhshed in 1897 by Otto Sutro & Co., of Baltimore. Two pieces of instrumental music are by members of the fraternity, one the "Grande Marche de Wooglin," by C. E. Haworth, Colgate, '82, published by the Chi- cago Music Company in 1889, and another, the "B © IT Two-step," by Norton Dodge, Northwestern, '97, and dedicated to the Cornell Chapter. In 1892, and perhaps in 1891 and 1893, calendars were issued having special reference to dates prominent in the fraternity. The writer has only been able to obtain a copy of the issue of 1892. It consisted of 24 leaves, hav- ing a front and back cover of pink cardboard, the whole perforated at the top, and held together by suspension rivets. The front cover displayed the title, "Beta Theta Pi I (dragon cut) \ Calendar | for | 1892 | Issued by G. R. Hoskins, Gardner, Massachusetts," surrounded by sundry ornamental rules. As the dates prominent in fra- ternity annals did not lend themselves readily to sym- metrical arrangement, the value of the information on the several leaves varies greatly. It was a pleasing example of fraternity enthusiasm. Several of the chapters, notably those at St. Law- rence, Maine, Butler and Dickinson, have published col- lege annuals unaided by other college organizations, and there are other ephemeral publications which might be mentioned, but thev have not been of sufificient importance. CHAPTER XIV. The Testimony of Experience. Those who have been members of the fraternity need no justification for the interest they feel in it, and it is perhaps to most of us a matter of indifference what out- siders think of it. But it may be of value to our un- dergraduates, and those who are about to enter our ranks, to know what the verdict of years has been with others whose opinions concerning other matters are en- titled to respect. Men are not apt, in this age, to give public expression to their feelings, and it is, therefore, difficult to find many public utterances concerning the fraternity, and none are known to us that have been given expression, other than the frank, outspoken opinion of the speaker at the mo- ment. In the quoted extracts which follow there will be found expression of opinion from men in all walks in life, but chiefly from those whose prominence gives their tittered expressions weight. We find nowhere any statement of the value of the fraternity made for the sake of influencing opinion. Our record does not need it. At the convention of 1890 Willis O. Robb, long an ardent worker for the fraternity felicitously phrased its deeper meaning as follows : (289) 290 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI, Brethren of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, the fraternal rela- tion that is to some of us so dear a present joy, to others so hallowed a memory, is to all of us something more than we are wont to think it. It consists not in forms or rites, in organiza- tion, or hodics of laws ; these are mere machinery. Nor does its chief glory lie even in the several friendships it produces and shelters, dear as these are, unrivalled as they must always be in freshness and in youthful ardor. Behind and beneath both these aspects lies its more essential character, its capacity of culture. Its richest gifts are not friends, but the desire, the power and the habit of making friends. These constitute the real "fraternity spirit." The same speaker, fifteen years afterward when he had broadened his experience expressed his riper judg- men tin the following happy prase: Again, the Beta is distinguishable and distinguished from all other kinds of fraternity men whatsoever by just a little warmer and stronger, just a little tenderer and more enduring fraternity feeling than any of them can attain to. For it was al- ways so. I do not in the least know how it happened, nor why it persisted after it happened, but a long time ago there came into B e II a fraternity spirit that was, and is, and apparently will continue to be, unique. We know it, who are inside, and they see and record it who are outside the Beta pale. Whether young or old, in college or out, from the small school or the great university, we are conscious of a heritage of genuine fraternalism that has not been vouchsafed in like measure — I say it deliberately — to any other of the great college fraterni- ties. .A.nd we cannot doubt that in this, as in other respects, our "future will copy fair our past." and that in the world of fifty years from now, as in that of years ago, — as in that that lies around us to-day — the first mark of a Beta will be his Beta spirit. JUSTICES HARLAN AND BREWER. 291 Justice Harlan, of the United States Supreme Court, as his thoughts reverted to his college days, remembered the lessons of sympathy and helpfulness taught in his chapter's halls and said : Whatever, therefore, concerns our fellow man ought to be a matter of concern to us all. I know that such has been, and now is, the feeling of every genuine Beta, wherever he may reside, and whatever his calling. "Here we meet in joys fra- ternal, meet to cheer our brothers on ;" so sang the Betas at the very begirning of their organization in years agone, and thus they are singing to-day. We will never grow weary of singing in that strain. Our hearts' best sympathies go out to our brethren, wherever in this broad land their lot has been cast. Indeed, as true Betas, our sympathies go out to every human being of whatever organization, and whether belonging to any organization or not, who is bravely struggling in the line of duty. His colleague. Justice Brewer, who came to us from the Mystic Seven, but who recognized promptly the tie of the fraternity, stated the underlying idea of the fra- ternity in 1896, as follows : I call you brethren, and indeed we are brethren, not by ties of blood, but by those of association and affection. We con- stitute one of many similar brotherhoods, extending into every part of the nation, which by virtue of their fraternal power form no insignificant factor in preserving the national unity and life. In unity is strength, but unity, to be a source of strength, must be real and not artificial, in fact, not in form alone. There must be a union of hearts as well as hands. ****** We are apt to belittle the fraternal influence of these so- cieties. They mean something more than banquets and a good time; they mean fellowship and friendship. They bind heart to heart, and every one of our number is a brother to all the 292 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. rest. We ask not whctlicr lie l)c from Texas or Tennessee, from New Jersej- or New Hampshire ; it is enough that he is a Beta Theta Pi. And thus, while enjoying all the good cheer and the good fellowsliip which come out of this society, with its large membership and frequent gatherings, we are at the same time unconsciously welding invisible but potent bands of love to bind the mighty fabric of our national life into solid and immortal union. And so, as my thought runs to the potency of these frater- nities, in the realization of the declared purpose of the national Constitution "in order to form a more perfect Union" and to the historic achievements of the nation that Union created, I am led to incjuire. What is the true greatness of American citizenship. In the days of Imperial Rome, the declaration, 'T am a Roman citizen," was a passport to the respect and welcome throughout the civilized world. "I am an American citizen" is a grander declaration. It is to-day the highest human title to honor and respect. Rev. Oliver A. Brown, a prominent Methodist clergy- man, told the Washington Betas in 1S92 : Nearly thirty years have passed away since I was initiated into the mysteries of our order. At that time our society was among the youngest, and. T may add, among the feeblest, of the Greek letter societies, because the rebellion had severed from us the chapters in the south. But in that time, our society has grown as years have grown, until to-day it stands in the fore- front witii the strongest of those like organizations, in nearly all our great colleges and universities, which enrich our land and train our youth. As childhood, and youth, and early man- hood largely determine what are to be the character and worth of a man, so the early years of an organization ought to assure a word of prophecy concerning its after history. * * * Our motto holds forever before every Beta a lofty ideal. It sum mens us to the attainment of all that is highest and best i'l TWO PRESBYTERIAN CLERGYMEN. 293 human life and character. And not only is this matter an in- spiration, promising well for the future, but the conditions and requirements for membership in our order promise still more. * * * These conditions were founded not on wealth, not on social rank, * * * but upon an active brain and a good heart, and to these the doors of Beta Theta Pi have ever been open, and they have always received a cordial welcome. The result has been that in almost every university where the society has been situated the names of Betas are found at the head of the honorable roll of scholarship and deportment. Which may be aptly followed by the statement of Dr. Richard Mcllvaine, made while president of Hampden- Sidney College, an institution of the old school: Inducted into the Beta Theta Pi fraternity when I was seventeen years old, in 1852, I can remember the influence which was exerted on me, teaching me to aspire for higher and better things than I had yet conceived of, and as I have lately learned that we have so many college presidents, it has seemed to me that perhaps we might account for this fact by their union with Beta Theta Pi when they were young, for if there is any human organization the principles of which should be carried out by those entrusted with the responsibilities which devolve on the chief officers of our colleges, it is found in our order. Further testimony to the value of membership in the fraternity is found in the following remark of Dr. George W. F. Birch, himself a clergyman of experience and a long time professor : I claim for our fraternity the cultivation of manhood. Sin- cerity, purity, true moral excellencies, intellectual power and gentlemanly instincts have, during all its existence, passed cur- rent among the disciples of Wooglin. The straight line to those things is the shortest in Beta-dom as well as in mathematics, and certainly a fraternity which numbers preachers by the hun- 294 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. dred deserves tlie tribute from the preacher . that the training extended under the principles of our order tends to a Christ- ianity without cant. IVe know the good that there is in our fraternity ; the outside world knosvs it, for in the history of half a century is set the story of what a good thing it is. Senator McDill, of Iowa, recalling his boyish experi- ences, told the alumni in 1893 : I renienil)cr tlic old society and our little meetings in the Ero- delphian llall with a great deal of pleasure. We were informal sort of boys. I do not recollect what our ritual was. I believe we had some wonderful secrets. * * * I think one of the great advantages of being selected to membership in a fraternal soci- ety, at least to a modest boy, lies in the fact tliat he has been selected' There is many a boy who goes up to college from his country home without any great appreciation of himself or the possibilities that are within him, and when he finds able and scholarly men — young men of his age — selecting him. it kindles a fire in him tliat never ceases to Inirn. This may he fittingly supplemented l)y the opinion of lion. James Lyon, of Virginia: It has been twenty years since I was made a member of this society. I have been present at many festive occasions, but they have proven to me the eternal fitness of this order. Here we all greet one another as brothers ; we recognize no state lines ; we recognize no sections, no divisions, Init hand grips into hand, but eye looks in eye, and heart beats against heart — all loving, loyal Beta brothers. Stronger testimony to the value of the non-sectional and broadly national character of the organization is, hov^ever, found in the following reminiscence of Hon. J. S. Wise, of \'irginia, related at the Tloadly dinner in New York: HON. JOHN S. WISE. 295 Toward the fraternity I feel an unfeigned tenderness, the result of earh- association. I joined at the University of Vir- ginia, in the autumn of 1865. Many of you are too j'oung to re- member so far back, and but few of you who are old enough can appreciate the circumstances by which I was surrounded when I joined it. As a youth of 19, I had escaped the surren- der of General Lee, and, following the fortunes of the Confed- eracy, I had joined the army of General Johnston, and sur- rendered in North Carolina. Thence I returned to Virginia, with nothing left but a ragged Confederate uniform and a good constitution. The war had interrupted the education of all the southern youth, but we lost no time in taking up the broken thread, and October found me a student at the University of Virginia. The old place more resembled a camp than a col- lege, for most of us still wore our uniforms, being too poor to buy other clothes. Our conversation and thoughts partook still of a decidedly military flavor, for what was to be the future of our section and our people was the all-absorbing question of the hour. The people beyond the Potomac were still our foes ; the passions of war had not subsided, and the clouds had not rolled away ; men were still begrimed with powder, their cheeks were still flushed with the terrible passion of years ; the silence suc- ceeding the roar of battle was oppressive, and no voice of love had come from out the gloom. Imagine, then, to yourselves what impression was made upon a boy so situated by the first fra- ternal messages which came to us from our northern and wes- tern brethren. They were not written in the cold and formal diplomacy of men contending for advantage of position. The messages came with the fresh buoyancy of boys. They were in- quiries for old comrades and friends ; they were words of love and encouragement ; they were filled with the wish that our chapter should be re-established, and the old fraternity and cor- diality should be restored, without condition or reserve. In every line and in every sentence we were made to realize that the bitterness of the conflict was over, that there were those in 296 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. the land of our enemies who yearned to be once more our brethren and our friends. These first messages came to my ear with a sweetness grati- fying and refreshing as the bluebird's note at the break of day, when tlic fevered night is passing ofY. The call was as tender and timid as the voice of the piping quail, when it invites the reassembling of the scattered covey after the havoc of the sportsmen has swept on to other fields. In all these things youth is more impressible a thousand times than manhood, and youthful impressions survive a thous- and things of more importance which happen in our later years. I entered Lnto the spirit of our college fraternity with great en- thusiasm, enjoyed the association with its members very greatly, and severed my connection with it upon leaving college with more regret, perhaps, than I felt at the dissolution of any other college tie. Ever since, when the opportunity has been afforded, it has given me great pleasure to join in our meetings, thus re- viving memories of a very happy period of life, and the recol- lection of many noble fellows from whom the lapse of years has separated me ; and renewing to some extent the youthful feelings, hopes, aspirations and uncertainties which make that the happiest period in the life of every man. Hon. Andrew J, Poppleton, Michigan, '51, who was one of the chapter which left the university rather than surrender his membership in the fraternity, and was ora- tor at the convention of 1878, touchingly alluded to it as follows : ■ It is with no slight degree of hesitancy that I have undertaken the duty before me. It is twenty-seven years since I have spoken, eye to eye, with any segment of the brotherhood in whose safe guardianship my unused feet were first planted upon the ever-living rock of truth, fidelity and honor. Then it was to announce my choice between the renunciation of my sacred as- sociations, and the shelter of the university, since grown so SCHUYLER COLFAX AND STANLEY MATTHEWS. 297 great and honored, of which I was a member. And if, across the waste of that long pilgrimage, there comes to-night a single recollection which glides into my soul with a soothing, healing, tranquilizing power, it is the thought that, boy as I was, I never counted recantation as a possibility, but coolly, patiently, firmly, inflexibly and unflinchingly kept the faith, and with a heart not over troubled went out to face the world and its frowns with- out the benediction of the university of my native state. I be- lieved then I was right, and year by year, as my horizon has broadened and life has one by one yielded its rewards to stren- uous endeavor, the conviction has deepened until that crucial hour seems the inspiration of a lifetime. No one, perhaps had wider experience in life than Schuyler Colfax, and in 1882 he wrote : Tn my wandering life over the country, lecturing from New England to Nebraska, the pleasantest hours of all, the brightest and best remembered, are whefi I have happened to be where there is a chapter of our fraternity, with whose members I gen- erally spend a social hour most delightfully after the lecture. And it rejoices me to find everywhere that not only are Beta principles elevating, inspiring, ennobling, indeed, but that from east to west our brethren are resolved that no other college so- ciety shall excel ours in the cultivation and development of the loftiest principles of true American manhood. And since my initiation by Delta chapter, in July, 1854, nearly thirty years ago, I have never known the order to be stronger in its per- sonnel, enjoying more healthful growth, and with so many ex- cellent prospects for even a more successful future. So may it be! The opinions of two early fellow-workers in Ohio may be of interest. Stanley Matthews, of the old Cin- cinnati chapter, wrote in 1881 : There are but few survivors now of the young men who, like mysel'f, became members of the society in the earliest days of 298 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. its organization. l)ut 1 recall them to mind with the memorj^ of many delightful associations. It is pleasant to think that they have perpetuated their memories and intiuence in the society of Beta Theta Pi, which, beyond their expectations, has so grown and flourished. Usto pcrpctiia! Which may be followed 1)\ the remark of Governor Hoadly, in 188:: Among the recollections of my college days, the most pleas- ant arc those connected with what was then the Gamma chapter at Western Reserve College. Forty-three years, nearly, have passed since I left college, but my affection for the society has not weakened with time. And he further said, upon the occasion of his welcome to New York by the IJeta Theta Pi: When the project of giving me a public reception by tiie Betas of New York was first broached, I did not feel that I was worthy of it, liut after reading over a Inmdle of Beta corres- pondence of my early days, I could not have the heart to re- fuse anything that would bring a band of Betas together, young and old, and permit us to revive the pleasant associations that cluster around tlie name. The old letters revived anew in me the old spirit and feeling that I had in those days, and the same old friendships and enthusiasms of my college days came back to me. It seems a little strange to me now, when viewed in the light of my maturer judgment, how it was that I could have had such a violent and relentless opposition to .Mplia Delta Plii. with which my letters of 1S43 and '44 seem filled. The Alplias were our only foes, and we went for their scalps with all the enthusiasm imaginable. At first, violent opposition to secret societies upon the part of the faculty obtained. Our chapter was the outcome of a lo- cal society, called the Boannergian Cluli, and tlieir name, "Sons of Thunder," fitted the case exactly. The Alphas were good students, and by their literary exercises and higli scholarship JOHN I. COVINGTON. 299 won a truce from the faculty, but the Betas came in for the wrath that was left over. What was to be done to get out of this difficuky? It struck some member of the Beta chapter that the solution lay in having the Betas take the college honors away from the Alphas, and the "Sons of Thunder" took to their books, and before the next term had set in the Alphas were dis- tanced. It was done, and it was done by such men as our dis- tinguished scientific friend. Prof. John S. Newberry, who now sits at my side. After we had raised our scholarship above the Alphas, we invited the president of our college to investigate the workings of Beta Theta Pi, and he did, the result being that he became a member of our chapter. John I. Covington, at the dinner given to him at Chi- cago in 1894, shortly before his death, paid this tribute to the fraternity to whose service he had given some of his life's best efiforts : For more than fifty years Beta Theta Pi has been the sign- manual of noble, manly friendship. It has stimulated our best aspirations and sustained our loftiest ambitions. It has been a privilege to live under its influence, and if any one has enjoyed the privileges of our fraternity without being made a stronger and purer man, the iault lies in his nature and not in Beta Theta Pi. In the ocean there runs, unmarked by color and un- discoverable by the eye, a river, born under tropic skies, which carries on its broad bosom life, health and comfort far beyond the limits of perpetual ice. The iceberg bows before its gentle airs, the frost-bound vessels grow fresh within its margin wat- ers. Quietly, irresistibly, continuously, the current bears its benificiencies along. Thus quietly, thus continuously in Beta Theta Pi, flows the gulf stream of unselfish friendship. What frozen shores it has covered with verdure, what health-restor- ing powers it has borne to chilled lives, will never be fully known until the mysteries of our human life are made clear in the light of et<"rnity." 300 IIANDnOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Governor Odell of New York on tlie occasion of tlic dinner tendered to him in 1901 at New York, expressed himself as follows : It is over a quarter of a century ago since I became a Beta. It was clown in the Panhandle of western Virginia — at Bethany College — where we had a chapter which tliosc who w-erc jealous of our success said was so small that we could all sleep in one bed. However, if we were few in number, we were great in enthusiasm. There was a great deal of good fellowship in all of our meetings which 1 believe were surrounded with more mystery than is known to the Betas of to-day. I spent l)ut one year there at Bethany, and then I came to Columbia College, as devoted and loyal to B 6 H as 1 had been at Bethany. I spent, in fact, a whole year in endeavoring to secure a charter for the establishment of a chapter at Colum- bia, but I failed. The West did not look upon us in the East with the favor then that it does now. * * * It is pleasant to look back upon one's boyhood days, and as I sat here to-night I began to think that I was getting old. It seemed an age ago since I took part in the ceremonies of our chapters at Betliany. I believe that college training and associations, particularly those developed in college fraternities like our own, fits us for the business which we are called upon to face in the world. I have found men whom I knew in college, and who I thought at that time were not quite up to the mark, but who, by their close attention to their duties, have become among the most prominent men of our locality. Particularly is this true of those who have entered the political field. And Governor Beaver of Pennsylvania, who was ill at home on the occasion of the Odell dinner, wrote as fol- lows, showing how the fraternal tie exerts its influence where known, in a manner the uninitiated can never realize : GOVERNOR BEAVER. 301 The strong hold which the fraternity feeling has upon me is well illustrated in the case of your honored guest. I felt inter- ested as a Republican, in his election as governor of the great Empire State, but it was the interest which I would have had in any other man whom I believed worthy to occupy the distin- guished place to which he has been called by his fellow-citizens ; but when in the course of the campaign I learned that he was a member of Beta Theta Pi my feelings underwent a radical change. I immediately became personally and intensely inter- ested in his success, and regretted that the proprieties which surround me in my oflficial position and work forbade my tak- ing any active part in a political campaign, otherwise I would have gladly volunteered for service as a spell-binder in New York. If I were permitted to say anything upon the interesting oc- casion, it would be a word to and of and for the fraternity. As we grow older, we recognize what impresses itself upon the mind of any college man who will stop to think — that college friend- ships are among the closest and the dearest which are formed in this life. The importance, therefore, of care in selecting them and of having them of such a character as will endure and strengthen through life emphasizes the part which fraternity life plays in helping to make the selection. Modern fraternity Hfe, which brings the members of each chapter together in their own home and under their own vine, with dear old Wooglin as their patron saint, with Beta colors on the flag pole, the Beta standard regulating the selection of members. Beta principles governing their intercourse one with another, and Beta love and sympathy and helpfulness pervading the atmosphere of the en- tire home, is at once the sweetest flower and the most perfect fruitage of the social side of college life. It not only binds men together in mutual sympathy and helpfulness at the most impressionable period of life^ but it lays the foundations for those strong and lasting friendships which bind heart to heart and life to life throughout the earthly pilgrimage and will, we 302 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA I'l. are assured, be continued into the beyond, and will furnish a not unimportant part of the enjoyments from which all that is sor- did and selfish shall be eliminated and in which "we shall know even as also we arc known." From tliis thought tlicrc comes to those of us who are .farther along in the journey of life the lesson of helpfulness to our younger brethren who, in their sev- eral places, are endeavoring to live to illustrate and to ex- emplify the principles of Beta Theta Pi. Governor Francis, of Missouri, president of the Lou- isiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis in 1004, meeting the assembled delegates to the convention, said: "I have come to join in your good fellowship, and I ask you to permit me to participate in your good time as one of your- selves. I hope that B 6 11 may prosper and that every mem- ber may feel that, whatever satisfaction comes to him from his college life, an additional distinction has been given to him by reason of his relationship to the fraternity. "Washington University chapter, in its early days when I was one of its active members, tried to have the best men there were in the university. I am glad to say that those after that time have kept up the standard, — this should be the ambition of every chapter. "As the pioneers of the West led in the opening up of the country and compelled the Louisiana Purchase — the great event in history whicli we here celebrate — so B 9 IT has led in the West and will lead everywhere." Governor Rates of Massachusetts, speaking in 1895 at one of the annual New England dinners, paid his trib- ute to the value and standing of the fraternity in the fol- lowing words : "The most lonesome place on earth is in the heart that finds itself surrounded by a seething sea of humanity, when not a face is friendly, and not a voice is known, and where every form is GOVERNOii BATES. 303 a stranger. Unhappy he, who in pursuit of ambition, has climb- ed to such dizzy heights that, above his fellow men, he is left alone ; unhappy the monarch who has not sympathy or associa- tion with his subjects. Unhappy he who leaves the home on the hillside to go forth into the world to seek learning, ambitious, brave and honest, when he finds himself under new surround- ings, where every being is a stranger and no eye responds to his." "It is to such a one that our college fraternity appeals, with its unrevealed mysteries, its warm fireside, and its genial man- hood. For fifty years it stretches into the past, and the hon- orable record of its achievement is an open book. To-day, the ideal fraternity must have a past about which traditions gather. It must have been a past of elevating tendencies which show worthy products. The fraternity we honor has never had oc- casion to be ashamed of its history." "The mysteries of a fraternity must be such as to lift up and not degrade those to whom they are made known. He who dares do all that becomes a man, need not hesitate, when invita- tion is extended, to penetrate to their deepest depths the mys- teries of Beta Theta Pi." James Lindsay Gordon, one of the few members of the short Hved but brilliant chapter at William and Mary, told how his short chapter training had efficiently taught him the mission of the fraternity. At the Odell dinner, he said : "This fraternity, in my judgment, has a higher mission than the mere passing of an idle hour; the mere congregation of young men for social enjoyment, because, as the Governor has said to-night in his opening speech, it is in that formative period of our lives at college that we first drink in those principles which are most apt to last and to endure. The love and affec- tion which the Georgian of to-day pledges to the boy from Pennsylvania around the shrine of Wooglin is carried into 304 IIAXDDOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. after-life. It is the threshold of that higli and nol)le resolve which is first formed in boyhood, and to which, as much as to anything else, is due the healing of the wound which once tore asunder the sections of this nation, and that the tendons of the great republic grow firmer and stronger than they ever were before." William C. Sprague, Denison, 'SI, president of the Cor- respondence School of Law and editor of the American Boy, thus expressed his belief in the fraternity at tlie dedication banquet of the Michig-an chapter house : "What, my gray-haired brother, would you ask in exchange for what your fraternity has given you in the years that are past? What other relations, aside from those of your home and your God, have tended so much to keep you gentle and kindly, and witlial manly, as have your fraternity relations? "Believe me, brothers, when I say that my fraternity early entered into my life as one of its most powerful and enduring influences. If it is true that every man we meet leaves an im- press on our characters for good or for ill, I must give to my fraternity the credit for a great deal of whatever good there may be in me, since, happily, through one-third of a century my closest companionships in scliool, in business, in church, in play, and in work have been my fraternity brothers ; and right here let me record tliat never once in all tlic thirty-two years that have elapsed since the pink and blue were pinned upon my breast has a Beta played me false. Men have cheated, deceived, wronged me, but never has a man who wore the diamond, the wreath and tlie stars turned his back upon me or betrayed my trust. Brothers, it seems to me much like carrying coals to Newcastle, or lending brightness to the sun to preach ideal fra- ternity to a gathering of the men of Beta Theta Pi. What or- ganization can be other than ideal with such men in close fellow- ship as those who form the rank and file of our great frater- nity? Why must I talk ideal fraternity to Lambda chapter PROFESSOR GRAVES. 305 when its backbone, ay, its very heart, is of the stuff of Grant, and Beal, and Chandler? I have traveled much and have seen many fraternity men. I would sooner make my bed with the old fellows of Lambda than with the greatest and best of barbarian song and story. Prof. William L. Graves of Ohio State University, in replying, at the banquet forming part of the seventeenth annual reunion of the Ohio chapter, to the sentiment the "Miracle of Brotherhood," aptly expressed the underly ing spirit of the fraternity: I am filled with amazement every time I stop to think what fraternity life really stands for. Incredible as it appears, the existence of the fraternity principle means that without any tangible object in view, but dependent solely upon that most delicate and sensitive tie that makes men delight in each other, there has been founded a,nd is being maintained, a widely extended and intricate organization that touches intimately the lives of thousands of men who stand for the very highest culture and intelligence ; it means that these men coming together singly or in numbers shall instantly be admitted to each other's friendship and confidence ; it means that college students in the years when tempers are hottest and wills strongest shall meet not only in the occasional manner common to other fraternal societies, but shall be tried by daily and hourly contact and association with their fellows, and shall undergo even that su- premest test of friendship which is involved in living together ; it means that young men shall thrill at the magic touch of youth over again at the flash of a jeweled badge. All those ordinary natural barriers that keep men apart inevitably — lack of acquaintance, differences in taste, social and sectional distinc- tions — these in the presence of the spirit of brotherhood are as though they had never been. Is it too much to call it a miracle. I suppose every man feels that these things are true of his ■fraternity. I do not know. But this I am sure of, that every 306 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. I..eta tccls mem true m a peculiar and salient way of his own association. As the years continue to widen the gulf between inc and my active college days, I become more and more persuaded that in Beta Theta Pi as in no single one of our kindred fraternities there is a tenderness of appreciation for the fraternity spirit, a loyalty of regard for tlic fraternity ideals, and a strength of endurance in tlie fraternity sentiment. I have yet to hear from a Beta wliat I heard from a member of another great brotherhood who could not be sure of his fraternity's name, or from a second, only the other day, who told me he had not lieard or thought fraternity for so long tliat he hardly knew what the word meant." And we close this synipositini with a sentiment in verse which leaves nothing' more to be expressed : B Song of BrotberbooD Read at t!ie baiKiuct of Chicago Chapter, April 5, 1901. We're born of one great mother, And we drink one common air, And brother joined with brother Sings away all carking care. Chorus — For the stars once sang together a sweet fraternal song, And the rivers, rushing seaward, their harmonies prolong; A thousand leaves are murmurous in the music of one tree. And Mother-nature lulls to sleep one great humanity. We toil and moil together. And we think on anxious years ; In storm and stress of weather Let us sing away our fears. — Chorus. Brothers in what's before us, Brothers in birth and death, A SONG OF BROTHERHOOD. 307 One living sky bends o'er us, Let us sing with joyous breath. Chorus — For the stars once sang together a sweet fraternal song, And the rivers, rushing seaward, their harmonies prolong; A thousand leaves are murmurous in the music of one tree, And Mother-nature lulls to sleep one great humanity. CHAPTER XV. The Insignia. REVERSE The original badge of the fraternity was designed by Samuel Taylor Marshall. The first badges were made by Samuel S. Carley, of Cincinnati, and cost $10 each. The design is accurately described in the first constitu- tion : Art. 4. The visible badge of this association shall be a breastpin, bearing on front the following characters : 1st, three stars ; 2nd, a crescent ; 3rd, the initial letters of the motto ; 4th, the date of the formation of this associaion (in Greek). On the back a heart with a spear passed through it, together with the name of the member who wears it. FRONT it was all gold, and the emblems on the front were embossed ; those ^ ^ on the back were engraved. Our illustration is made from the orig- inal badge. Between 1839 and 1843 the de- sign was changed. The crescent was replaced by the wreath and diamond; the plain gold surface gave way to black enamel, and the emblems and inscription on the reverse were changed. The conven- tion of 1848 redrafted the article relating to the badge> as follows : (309) 310 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Art. 3, Sec. 1. The visible badge of thi> association shall be a breastpin, the front of wliich sliall be black enamel, bear- ing, first, three stars in gold ; second, a diamond encircled by a wreath in gold ; third, the name of the association in gold ; fourth, the dale of its foundation in Greek characters in gold. On the l)ack. two hands clasped, the name of the member who wears it, and tlie date of the chapter to wliich he belongs. Nothing- is said in tliis article concerning the shape, but it remained the same as before — a rectangle with truncated concave corners. These badges are now rare. For the present shape and style of the badge we are indebted to Wvllys C. Ransom, Michigan. He says : I designed the present badge in 1848. Previous to that time the badges were made in Cincinnati. * * * They were termed "slabs'' by our competitors, and were oblong in shape, with meager chasing and flat enamel. At this time the Williams chapter was in the full tide of success, and wanted badges. Hon. A. P. Carpenter, of that chapter, now of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, opened up a correspondence with me on the subject, and urged that if I would send him the design, he would go to New Haven and arrange with Brown & Kirby, who then made badges for nearly all of the fraternities, to make proper badges for our fraternity. It occurred to me that it might im- prove the badge to make a few changes in it, and I set my pen- cil to work, with the following result : I made the shape more symmetrical, curved the longer sides inward, arranged the three stars with the middle one slightly higher than the other two, used five-pointed stars instead of six-pointed ones,' as had been customary, and made the enameled front slightly convex instead of fiat. My design pleased the Williams Betas, and it was exe- ' Marshall's badge had fivc-jiointed stars and Ryan's liadge did also. It wouhl ajiiiear that Hrother Ransom's memory was at fault in makinR this statement unless possibly the ehapters had adoiiled and were iisiiiK a badge with such stars. DEVELOPMENT OF THE BADGE. •Ul cuted, with the single change that I had provided for a line of enamel between the badge and its border, which the jeweler found too difficult to execute. There were several dies made before a satisfactory one was secured, and Carpenter made more than one journey to New Haven in regard to the matter. General Robert W. Smith and Judge Carpenter were delegates to the convention of 184S, and brought several of the badges with them, and they were accepted, and have been in use ever since. The following letter from A. D. Stowell, of the Beta, to A. C. Junkin, of the Alpha, dated May 1, 1852, thrown a little further light on the subject: You ask about pins. The price varies as the jewel inserted. The general form of all is the same. There was a change made a few years ago in the style of the pin. It used to be, I think, very nearly a right-angled parallelogram. Its present form has its sides indented with segments of circles. We purchase them of Brown & Kirby, dealers in watches and jewelry. No. 70 Chapel street, New Haven, Conn., to whom we enclose in a let- ter whatever sum we wish to invest. * * * I understand that the Gamma (Jefferson College) chapter have their pins manu- factured at Pittsburg, though I have never seen any made there. Before 1855, however, one more change took place, the three stars beins: as:ain placed in a straight line, and this form is illustrated on the cover of the catalogue issued that year. About 1865 another shape BADGE OF 1855 came into vogue and was badgf ofis65 quite generally used. Brown & Kirby and their sue- 312 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. NEWMAN BADGE cessors continued to make these badges until 1879 or 1880. At about that time the next style shown iii the illus- rtation and whicli was first made by Newman of New York, became prevalent. In 1899 the convention adopted a standard form oif badge w'hich was de- signed undier the supervision of George M. Chandler, and which is a great im- provement on the older forms. In the early days of the fraternity, a plain gold or chased border was usual, but we have seen bor- ders of diamonds, rubies, and other precious stones, amounting to large values. A pretty custom has been to employ a style of ornamentation representing college colors ; for instance, tur- quoises and pearls for the blue and white of Columbia, and garnets and pearls for the cor- nelian of Cornell. Since the adoption of the STANDARD BADGEg|.^j^^.j^ j. J badgc plalu bordcrs have again been the fashion. There has always been a disposition evinced to make a secondary badge. The convention of ISiiO authorized the use of a watch-key badge, as follows : The badge to be a watch-key, the body of which sliall bear on one side, a facsimile of the present pin, with the exception of a diamond in the center of the wreath, and on the other side to be of plain gold, engraved with the harp and scroll, the name of the owner, and the date of the foundation of his chapter. We have never seen one of these badges. The con- THE SECONDARY BADGE. 313 vention of 1869 authorized another badge, which for a few years was worn sometimes as a scarfpin. It contain- ed the emblems in an entirely new and tasteful arrange- ment. It consisted of a wreath of greenish gold, united at the top by a star, on which is displayed the letter "0." In the middle of the wreath to the left is a similar star displaying the letter "B/' and on the right and opposite is a star displaying the letter "IT." In the middle of the wreath is a diamond, and on the binding ribbons are the letters "a lo X 8." This was sometimes called the "alumni badge." About the year 1882, a monogram pin was designed, and we have occasionally seen it worn Hmm ^mm •ii'iJtft [a-fai by some Beta girl, never by a member. In 1889 a bronze or silver miniature badge worn as a button and first used as a convention souvenir obtained some vogue. In 1897, a pledge button was adopted to be worn by those pledged to join the fraternity prior to their formal admission to the fraternity at college where initiations were postponed for a time. This was described in our laws as folows : The pledge button shall be a shield of pink and blue enamel of the same shape as the badge but smaller, divided by a wavy line from the upper right hand corner to the lower left hand corner, the pink above, the blue below, bearing three five-point- ed stars of gold arranged in a line running from the upper left hand corner to the lower right hand corner. The colored enaiuels did not, however, always present 314 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. a neat appearance and at the suggestion of George M. Chandler, the pledge hutton was changed in 1899 to white enamel with gold stars. It is officially described as follows: The pledge button shall be a shield of white enamel, of the same shape as the badge bearing three five-pointed stars of gold arranged in a line running from the upper left hand corner to the lower right hand corner. Next to the badge, the emblem most commonly used to denote membership was the seal, the use of which was authorized by the convention of 1842, as follows: Resolved, That the association shall have a seal, to be stamped upon the seals of letters, the impressions upon which shall be two clasped hands and a Greek letter indicating the priority of the chapter. Previous to 18G1, these seals were in general use, but as the custom of using wax for the pur- pose of closing letters gradually be- came obsolete, the use of the seal by the chapters was discontinued, and its place was taken by various engraved designs printed upon the stationery used by the chapters. These designs exist in great variety, and are too numerous to attempt to describe or illustrate. A handsome but small steel engraving of the badge or the dragon crest is now com- monly employed, and printed headings have nearly dis- appeared. The colors of the fraternity are ])ink and light blue. THE SEAL OF 1879. 315 They were adopted by the convention of 1879, but had previously been used by some of the chapters. While admirably adapted for interior decorations, these colors fade easily, and are not suitable for exterior display, A great seal was formally adopted by the convention of 1879. Its use was for the authentication of charters. Its design, however, was crude and inartistic and it dis- played emblems such as the sphinx, pyramids and flam- ing not appropriate to any of our esoteric symbolism. Great Seal of 1879. In 1889 a new emblem, a fraternity flower, was adopt- ed at the celebration of the semi-centennial anniversary of the foundation of Alpha chapter and of the fraternity. 316 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. The following account of the inception of the idea is taken from the Beta Tlicta Pi: "Rut perhaps the most pleasing occurrence of tlie evening, and the one that is of the most importance to the fraternity, was the adoption of a new fraternity symbol to commemorate this auspicious close of the first and l)eginning of the second half-century of Beta Theta Pi. The question of the adoption of a new symbol had been considered during the afternoon by rep- resentatives of different chapters. The idea met universal ap- proval. A committee appointed to consider the matter more particularly reported, recommending that the rose be adopted as the fraternity flower, and that some appropriate species be chosen by each chapter as its own special symbol. The report of the committee was announced by Covington, as chairman, at the banquet, and was received by all present with great enthusi- asm. In the midst of the applause Mrs. A. D. Hepburn handed to the toastmaster three pink roses, plucked an hour or two be- fore from a l)usli at the southwest corner of the Western's porch. Covington held them aloft for a moment, amid the cheers of all, and then^ turning to the Hon. S. T. Marshall, of Iowa, who sat upon his right, said : 'To you, Brother Marshall, as one of the founders of Beta Theta Pi, I present this rose, for you here to approve our choice of this new symbol of Beta Theta Pi ;' then, turning to his left, 'And I present to you. Brother Knox, this other rose, that you, also, whom we fondly call Pater, may manifest here your approval of our choice. This third rose I retain for myself, as representing here our be- loved fraternity, which will surely put the seal of its official ap- proval upon our adoption of this beautiful symbol.' A com- mittee, consisting of Charles M. Hepburn, George E. Benedict and Frank M. Joyce, was appointed to notify the chapters of the action taken, to receive the report of each to the species of rose selected by it, and to reconcile conflicting selections. THE FIRST FLAG. 317 The chapters have quite generally selected particular species of roses for themselves. In the spring of 1890, a flag was designed and adopt- ed. The Beta Theta Pi for October of that year contain- ed a somewhat full account of how the design was se- lected, as follows : Last spring two members of the fraternity who, with many others, no doubt, had long felt the need of a fraternity flag, and before whose mental vision various possible or impossible Beta flags, enriched "with orient hues unborrowed of the sun," had waved from time to time during the last three or four years, applied to the Board of Directors for some definite official ac- tion in the matter. Approving the idea, the board promptly ap- pointed a committee to select from the designs submitted or itself to design an appropriate fraternity flag for Beta Theta Pi. As our readers may remember, the result of this committee's work was made known in the March issue of this magazine. No flag, it was thought, was better than one which was not strikingly handsome and appropriate. After the convention an effort was made to design such a flag for the next convention. At first it was attempted to make an appropriate combination of pink and blue. As was to have been expected, the result was a dismal failure. But the matter was kept in mind, and eventually several designs, which met with hearty approbation from those to whom they were submitted, seemed almost to suggest themselves. This committee, taking counsel of practical designers and makers of flags, agreed in recommending the flag described * * * as the one best suited for and worthy of Beta Theta Pi. The design which was recommended — a dark blue field bearing three stars arranged as a pyramid about a red rose, half opened, at the center, and having also a single line of white running parallel with and a little within the outer edge of the blue — met with a very general and hearty approval at the 318 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI, time, and at the last convention was formally adopted as that of the fraternity flag. In this connection, it will not be amiss to give again some of the reasons which led the committee to prefer the design that has been adopted. We quote from our March issue : "Each of its features has a natural and appropriate signifi- cance to a Beta. Our three stars, so rich in their suggestive- ness, shine out from a field of dark azure. They arc arranged in a pyramid of equal sides, symbolical of the enduring qualities of our order. The 1)lue of the field is a recognized color of the fraternity, the darker sliade is used both as more appropriate in a flag, and because it is the only practicalile shade in bunt- ing. The red of the rose, in itself a fraternity emblem, is the nearest shade in the primary colors to our pink, which, charm- ing and most appropriate as it is for use at banquets and even- ing wear, is hardly appropriate for the sterner uses of a flag. The white was added as the recognized color of the Mystic Seven. The principles and traditions of the Mvstical Seven har- monize with and enrich our Beta emblems; and this line of white, in which all colors blend, and which is in itself the type of purity, enhances the rich blue of our Beta flag." •jj^ Flag of 1890. This fla^, which avoids the bad taste so often dis- THE FLAG OF 1900. 319 played of placing the name of the fraternity upon the bunting, was first unfurled over the buildings of Miami University, May 13, 1890. In 1899, George M. Chandler, v^ho had made a spe- cial study of heraldry and the symbolism of the fratern- itv, agitated the matter of revising the design of the flag and great seal and furnishing the fraternity with a coat of arms and standard badge and being interested in Flag of 1900. the work produced the standard badge already referred to, secured the adoption of the new type of pledge but- ton and in 1900 the adoption of a new flag much more 320 HANDBOOK Ol" ISKTA lIIiTA PI. artistic and of handsomer desi^j^n than the old one. The official description of the flag is as follows : Tlie flas^' shall consist of tlirco equal horizontal stripes of blue, white and blue, the upper blue stripe bearing a single white five-pointed star, and the lower blue stripe two similar white five-pointed stars, the lliree stars forming an equitable triangle ;il)OUt a dragon, sejant, tlu- fraternity cri-sl, in red. Coat of Arms of I'kta Tueta Pi The coat of arms designed upon correct heraldic principles is simple and dignified and very handsome. Its use for ornamental purposes and on escutcheons and similar articles has hecome general. Its fine outlines lend themselves to many pur|)(.ses and it was promptly seized upon by the fraternity jewelers as a welcome ad- THE SEAL OF 1900. 321 dition to their somewhat limited stock of designs. The coat of arms is ofificially described as follows : The coat of arms shall be : quarterly argent and gules ; a chevron azure bearing three mullets, or: crest a dragon sejant, or. Motto : — kai — For those not familiar with heraldry we will state that the shield of the Norman type is divided into quart- ers, two argent or white and two gules or red. The chev- ron or right-angled band is azure or blue and on it is displayed three mullets or stars in or or gold. The crest above the shield is the dragon sejant or seated. The motto we all know. The great seal was changed to conform to the coat of arms and is officially described as follows : 322 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. The great seal shall be the coat of arms with the crest and motto, ornamented with two festoons of roses, within a circu- lar band, on which shall be the legend "Tlie Great Seal of Beta Theta Pi— 1839." The chapters have used a variety of posters and cuts in printed matter and college annuals, some of them finely designed. The catalogue of 1S82 introduced sev- eral new emblems or adopted old ones — the dragons, the dogs, Diogenes, and other symbols referred to in the Legend of Wooglin and the ritualistic work of the fra- ternity. These have gone into quite general use. The convention of lOOf; forbade the unauthorized wearing of the badge and its use for general ornamental purposes on articles of merchandise. The coat of arms, the crest and the flag it was felt gave ample material for ornamentation without making an inappropriate use of the badge itself. CHAPTER XVI. Social Life of the Fraternity. The fraternity has always been social in its tenden- cies. It has aimed to bring together "good fellows." It was presumed that they had brains, but good fellows thev must be. In college parlance, neither "sticks" nor "grinds" were acceptable. The ends of the fraternity, publicly expressed and privately insisted upon, have been the cultivation of that faithful friendship which, in theory, at least, finds its height of expression in the af- fection between brothers of the same parents. Its mem- bers are united in an association during the formative period of their lives — when they are entering upon a new world, the college kingdom — enticing with unknown pleasures and beset with unthought-of dangers. It is then that the fraternity appeals to the young man to form a new relation outside of the family ones, which, there- tofore, he has known as the only type of intimacy ; to assume the responsibilities of one of a band of chosen friends, with high aims, with a reputation to maintain, with a history behind it replete with great names, greater even in imagination than in fact. "Intimacy between the members has always been in- sisted upon, and as soon as possible a new member was (323) 324 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. taught to use the Christian names in preference to the more formal surnames." So writes an accompHshed akimnus of the DePauw chapter. In the chapter it was Harry, and John, and Billy, and George; not Smith, and Jones, and Robinson, and Taylor." As Christian names are rarely used outside the family circle, this little cus- tom, almost unnoticed, has been a strong factor in draw- ing the Betas together. I'ntil recent years the conditions of student life in the colleges wherein our chapters are located have been such as to preclude the erection or maintenance of chapter houses, and where the dormitory system prevailed it was almost impossible for the members to live together, as in more modern times; l)ut as a distinguished member of Alpha says : "While our meetings were only held monthly, and the formal record shows a meager statement of things ac- complished, as a fact Iktas were usually found together, and it was a common subject of remark among our rivals that we were seldom alone, and a cause of complamt tnai when a student joined the Betas he seldom had friends outside of the chapter." From the beginning, banquets of various kinds have been a feature of the chai)ter life, and in many of the chapters no meeting was ever held without a concluding supper. The utter absence of a ritual for many years, coupled with an almost unicjue sinijilicity of initiation ceremonies, seemed to have resulted in greater frequency of prandial exercises. The alumni continued this feat- THE BETA GIRLS. 325 ure without urging, and the basis of most of the alumni organizations has been the more or less frequent dinner. The "Beta girls" form a constant subject of refer- ence throughout the correspondence of the fraternity in the days before the publication of the journal made the letters less personal and more official, and the alliance of these sisters was assiduously cultivated. Indeed, at Hudson, in the late forties, we are told that the only prominent feature of the initiation ceremony was "an in- troduction to the prettiest girls in the town, with an evening stroll to follow that lingered in the mind of the susceptible boy for many a year." The influence of the Beta girls has never been sought in vain, and from the donation of a cake to the boys of old Alpha in 1840 to the making of sofa pillows for the To- ronto chapter parlor in 1907, their assistance has always been cheerfully rendered and appreciated. At Wabash and Washington & Lee there are well-founded traditions of the initiation of young ladies, and however that may be, the Beta grip has certainly at times passed from the sole knowledge and control of the sterner sex. Of recent years clubs of various kinds inside of the chapter organization have not been infrequent. Base ball matches with rival chapters, foot ball matches with neighboring chapters, whist and tennis tournaments have all testified to the varied activities of student life, but in the olden days the energies of the chapter, aside from miscellaneous deviltry inherent apparently in col- lege students, and not confined within chapter limits, 326 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. were expended in the literary society contests, and the multiform clubs of the modern colleges were unknown. With the building- of chapter houses has developed a form of family life that in some of its aspects resembles the monastic life found in the cloisters of the old world, and in others the early forms of college existence in the English universities. With this has come a common ta- ble, parlor and library, and a common hearth, before which to cement the bonds of friendship like chains are forged with fire, and the test of close contact of inde- pendent natures that usually can not be obtained except by long l^attle with the world. The ideal chapter life is found in this home and family existence, and gradually our chapters are learning its lessons. Indeed it can truthfully be said of most of the colleges where we have chapters that it is nuich more important for a lad to select the proper fraternity than the projier college. The chapter life is intimate and formative, the influence of the college is distant and unimpressive. A Beta having the good fortune to spend four years in some of our chapters has obtained a training in manners and methods which simply can not be secured anywhere else. Some of the chapters have peculiar practices. Those which have sprung from previous organizations not in- frequently maintain customs so originated. The St. Law- rence chajitcr developed a peculiar system of cipher to designate upon programmes and the like certain essen- tial facts in the career of each member, and they dcvisea also a unique Greek salutation ; the Kansas chapter has THE DINING HABIT. 327 an annual "turkey-pullin' ;" the Mystic chapters still gather around the mystic cauldron ; old Delta's cake-box told many a tale to the Betas who returned to the chap- ter shrine after years of wandering ; the eastern chapters quite generally practice a severe test of cross-examina- tion to discover points of weakness in their armor usually called a "talk around'" and various ceremonies connected with the slaughter of the mysterious "dorg" are not un- common. The Virginia and Michigan chapters each give a German, the Wesleyan chapter has two formal annual dances, and so on. Very early in the history of the fraternity, the alumni gathered at reunions, and celebrated their gathering with toast and song. The earliest formal banquet known to us was held at Pittsburg, in connection with the conven- tion of 1851, but we are informed that the Cincinnati Betas held a dinner as early as 1846. However that may be, they have since then been held in uninterrupted series. They have been a prominent feature of every convention, and since the growth of the fraternity has caused its division into districts, they have been an essential element in every district reunion. The New England dinner, annually held in Boston, has become as regular an event in the Beta undergraduate life as the chapter meeting. The annual dinner held in central Ohio has also become one of the calendar events, and dinners at San Francisco, Los Angeles, Denver, Omaha, St. Paul, St. Louis, Chicago, Nashville, Indianapolis, De- troit, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Roanoke, Wheeling, Rich- 328 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. mend, Pittsburgh, Washington, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, and Syracuse have become too numerous to refer to them separately. They are expected to take place at more or less frequent intervals, and if an unus- ually long time elapses between them, wonder and sur- prise find strong expression. The name of "Dorg" club has been given to any in- formal gathering of Beta alumni, for the purpose of eat- ing a dinner together without organization, system or routine. The idea originated in New York, and so far as we can learn, Richard Lee Fearn, of Stevens, was re- sponsible for it. A self-appointed committee sent out notices to the Betas in the neighborhood to meet and take dinner together at some well-known hotel or restaurant. The price of the dinner was usually named, and it was generally a few cents over the price charged, to leave a margin for expenses. There was no organization. This kind of loose arrangement existed for fifteen or twenty years. In New York city the meetings were held usually at the Metropole, Murray Hill and Marlborough Hotels, and at sundry Italian and German restaurants of good repute. It seldom occurred that any speech making indulged in, but occasionally, when a man like Justice Harlan, or President Young, or Dr. Spinning was pres- ent he would make a few remarks. The idea was taken to Washington, and the first ses- sion of the club there was highly successful. Senators and Congressmen are not ashamed to recall their college days. At the second meeting, held December 8, 1890, THE NEW YORK CLUB. 329 there were present Congressmen Springer, Allen, By- num and Kinsey, Aimaro Sato, Prof. Gordon, and Hon. James Lyons. Clubs of similar name and nature have been success- fully organized at San Francisco, Denver, Los Angeles, Chicago, Cleveland, Providence, Buffalo and Indianapo- lis, and perhaps at other places. The number of members at the centers of population is increasing however at a rapid rate and formal clubs are now being organized. The New York club was instituted in the early winter of 1907. It has a good membership and provides all of the usual club facilities. The club's home is in a three-story and basement, brown stone front, spacious, old New York house. The rooms are large, attractively decorated and well suited for club purposes. On the first floor a front parlor and back of it another parlor, used for a reading room, may be thrown into one large assembly room. The portrait of Pater Knox occupies a prominent position in the front room and the flags of all the colleges where our chapters are located makes a very pleasing decoration for the rear room. Back of this is a dining room, seating twenty- four at small tables. Upon the walls of this room it is planned to have a photograph of every chapter house in the fraternity. On the floor above are a writing room, srame room, office and toilet room. Bed rooms with ac- cornmodations for seven men, opening out of an attrac- tive center hall occupy the top floor. The front room in the basement has been enlarged making a very pleasant 330 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. pool room and cafe. Back of this are the kitchen and laundry. Members of the club are elected by a Committee on Admissions, after having been duly proposed and sec- onded. Resident members pay an admission fee of $10, and annual dues of $1'^ payable semi-annually. Betas living more than fifty miles from New York may be- come non-resident members, with all the privileges of resident members, except the right to vote. The dues for such members are $10, payable semi-annually. The restaurant is well patronized and has proved a very de- sirable addition to the usefulness of the club. The bed rooms have proved an attraction for a number of young bachelors and in the summer will probably be found pop- ular aiuong men whose families are away from town. Several times in its history the fraternity has honored a member by tendering to him a banquet, and some of these have been especially notable. The first of these was given to Ex-Governor Hoadly, of Ohio, upon the occasion of his removal to New York city, in 1887, by the alumni of that city. The Hoadly dinner was given at Delmonico's famous restaurant. After a preliminary reception, the guests assembled in the banqueting hall. The chairman, John I. Covington, introduced Brother Hoadly in a brief speech, referring to his lifelong loyalty to and activity in the fraternity, his work in founding and assisting the Harvard chapter, and in diflferent posi- tions in the fraternity. The Governor, in his reply, paid THE HOADLY DINNER. 331 the highest tribute to the fraternity and its works, spoke of the high aims it had always fostered, and the good it had done, and referred touchingly to the members con- temporary with him, who were gone. As the dinner was in the nature of a welcome to New York, the speeches were largely personal, but all referred to the fraternal sentiment of which the banquet was the fruit. The toast list was : B e n — A National Fraternity. John S. Wise.^ The Little Green Snake. J. S. Tunison. A parable dedi- cated to the Dragon, in verse. B II — In Medicine. Theophikis Parvin. B e n_In the South. Willoughby N. Smith. B e n— The Fraternity. Senator J. E. McDonald. College Reminiscences. Prof. John S. Newberry. B e n— In the East. Homer Card The speech of Prof Newberry, who was in college with Gov. Hoadly, was specially interesting, giving glimpses of fraternity life at a time when all the present external aids to fraternity enthusiasm were lacking. Another banquet was given to Judge Harlan of the Supreme Court of the United States, at Washington, Feb. 6, 1891. We condense our account from the nar- rative as it appeared in the fraternity journal. "Flushed with success, it was natural that the idea of entertaining one of their most illustrious living members should suggest itself to the newly associated worship- pers of Wooglin." Gov. James A. Beaver, of Pensylvania; Gov. David R. Fran- fcOVtQKO" "tSfci-LV* LIMOo». M C V. £.& >« C vi»c 0. AtA/:Pc^ J§', ^K. /'■ Idi^r^ D er*'z.<)>..£c/ tX-u t .tC<*ATOtt us SC t^ATOO £X-GOV£»NO« C^'O C C Oi-O 9 aOO SU^CSiNTCNOCNT w s COAST S &f 00£ T. c Sub v£ V ^RESDCNT .mPEBpAl COLLtGC PEi- ■fATt SEMATOn.V SEC HE..TAR'* THE HARLAN DINNER. 333 cis, of Missouri; Ex-Gov. George Hoadly. of Ohio; Senator D. W. Voorhees, of Indiana ; Senator M. S. Quay, of Pennsyl- vania ; Ex-Senator Joseph E. McDonald, of Indiana ; Con- gressman Robert R. Hitt, of Illinois ; W. M. Springer, of Illinois ; W. D. Bynum, of Indiana ; W. M. Kinsey, of Missouri ; John M. Allen, of Mississippi ; J. J. Pugsley, of Ohio ; Paul C. Edmunds, of Virginia; Hosea Townsend, of Colorado, and H. St. G. Tuck- er, of Virginia; Prof. T. C. Mendenhall, Superintendent U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey ; William F. Warren, W. A. P Martin. President Imperial College, Pekin ; Aimaro Sato, Charge d'Affaires. Legation of Japan ; Henry Fairfax, of Virginia ; Rev. A. W. Pitzer. Rev. G. W. F. Birch, Hon. James Lyons, Rich- mond, Virginia ; Dr. T. Ritchie Stone, John I. Covington. Prof. J. C. Gordon, Frank G. Carpenter, James A. Case, Hon. P. E. Aldrich, of Massachusetts, and Richard Lee Fearn, composed the committee which in the name of the fraternity tendered a din- ner to Justice John Marshall Harlan, of the Supreme Court of the United States. Justice Harlan graciously accepted the com- pliment, and invitations, bearing the autographs of every mem- ber of the committee, were issued. It was a remarkable gathering of eminent clergymen, statesmen, lawyers, authors, physicians, scientists, and cultivated men in general, who gathered to pay tribute to the distinguished jurist and to testify to the beneficent in- fluences of the fraternity. At half-past seven there was a general movement toward a large parlor. Most of those who gained admis- sion recognized the resemblance to a chapter hall. Here Mr. Justice David J. Brewer, of the Supreme Court of the United States, and Messrs. Benjamin S. Minor, Eu- gene Withers, Frank Andrews, Dr. George Ben. John- ston, and Prof. John R. Eastman, U. S. N., learned the 334 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. mysteries. Professor Eastman had been a member of the 2 A n at Dartmouth College, and the others were brothers in the Mystical Seven, which united with the Beta Theta Pi in 1889. Never before in the history of college fraternities had such eminent candidates appeared together for initiation, and this fact increased the solem- nity which marked the ceremonies. It was a little after 8 o'clock when the guests entered the banquet hall. The walls of the apartment were hidden by flags and tropical plants. Through the courtesy of the Secretary of the Navy, the new international code of signal flags were displayed for the first time, as well as the large national ensigns. The signals were arranged in lines spelling private mottoes of the fraternity. Among them, on one side, was spread the great flag of Beta Theta Pi. Festoons of evergreens hung from the ceil- ing, and ropes of garlands ran overhead. The tables were arranged in the shape of the Greek letter IT, the head table running across the room. At the foot of the tables a veritable forest of plants masked the entrance for the waiters, while at the head was a large space di- vided from the main hall by an arch of plants. Tn this space massed blossoming plants and palms, and above rose another arch. The tables were ornamented with cut- flowers from the White House conservatory and the na- tional botanical gardens. The toast list was as follows : The Supreme Court of the United States.. Mr. Justice Harlan The Beta in Public Life William M. Springer THE NOBLE DINNER. 335 The Mystical Seven Mr. Justice Brewer The Beta Dinner (Poem) Chambers Baird The National Fraternity John W. Herron The Silver-Greys Rev. A. W. Pitzer Clasped Hands George L Spinning Fratemal Virginians Henry St. George Tucker Our College Presidents Rev. Richard Mcllwaine The Humanities Theophilus Parvin Ohio, Our Home John J. Lentz The Kentuckian Rev. G. W. F. Birch The Mysteries James Lyons The Coming Day William D. Bynum The Boys of Twenty Years Ago .... William M. Kinsey The Ladies Aimaro Sato A Pledge from the Mystics Eugene Withers The speech-making was continued until a late hour, and all united in saying that it was the most successful event of the kind in the history of the fraternity. Another great dinner was tendered to Hon. John W. Noble, of the Miami chapter, then Secretary of the In- terior, by the Betas of New York city on the IGth of April, 1892, at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. The following is a meager account of the proceedings : Governor Beaver presided. At his right was Sam. W. 'Foss, the editor of the Yankee Blade, famous as a humorous poet. Next to Mr. Foss was John S. Wise, of Virginia. There were also Rev. Ferd. C. Iglehart, then of the Park Avenue Methodist church ; Dr. John C. Zachos, the curator of the Cooper Institute ; Dr. G. W. F. Birch, Theophilus Parvin, of Philadelphia, and many others. 336 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. Between tlic courses, the younger members sang songs, and this was enlivened l)y a group of the St. Lawrence akimni, who gave their well-known Greek round of greeting, which in its weird efifect can only be compared to the call of Brunhilda and her sisters as they bring the bodies of the dead heroes to W'alhalla, in Wag- ner's opera of I )ic Walkiirc. Before introtlucing General Xoble, Governor Beaver ])aid a high tribute to the fraternity and the value of its memlierslii]). General Noble, as he rose to speak, trem- bled a little, and a slight (|ui\'er in his voice told more than words how deeply he felt and appreciated the oc- casion. There were no stenograi)hers present, and only snatches of the speeches were caught b\- the hurrying pencils of the hearers, ])ut he said in ])art: "If to liavo 1)ecn for over forty xcars a ni(.-ml)cr in good standing of our l)cloved fratornit\'. and to have had it rise each year higher and higher in my affection and esteem, entitk's me now to the respect and consideration here shown, then I mod- estly accept this reception as a trihute to all gootl and loyal Betas. My memhcrship began in tlie Alplia chapter at Miami University in 1849, and, altliough I subseciuently entered junior at Yale, where we then had no chapter, a,nd graduated in 1851, my allegiance has ])een unbroken. It sometimes seemed a little chilly to stand undecorated when the other fellows in my class were newly decorated with this and that badge of great erudi- tion and profound intellectual culture, but 1 would take out this now old and precious badge, I have ever had l)y me in peace and war, and look at it and say to myself, 'You gave me my first honor, and I will stick by you. JJ'ait; time at last sets all things even.' To-night its laurel is unfaded, and the stars as THE COVINGTON DINNER. 337 bright as they were in boyhood's eyes. It would please me to speak of other occasions in life when I have found good results from lieing a Beta, but I must not pause." The city papers gave long notices of the dinner, the diners and the fraternity, and it attracted much other attention. A pleasing incident of the occasion was the discovery of an uncatalogued Beta of the Williams Chapter — L. A. Hendricks — who had long been on the staiT of the New York Herald, and was sent to report the dinner. When he applied to the committee for his ticket he spied the badge, and said he had not seen one for over forty years, when he used to wear one himself. It appears that he had left Williams and gone to Yale, and lost sight of his old associates, and his name having been accidentally omitted from the roll, he had rested in secure oblivion. One dinner which we cannot pass by without men- t'o" was given to John I. Covington by the Chicago alumni March 31, 18U^, at the Union League Club. It is to be noted because Covington was a man of no public prominence. He was simply a whole-souled, earnest Beta, who had worked hard for the fraternity all his life, who appreciated what it did for him, who wanted to give its benefits to others and who believed in it with all his might. The Chicago alumni recognized Covington's services to the fraternity in this way and he felt it and appreci- ated it. We have elsewhere in this book copied his elo- quent tribute to the fraternity's worth uttered on that 338 HANDBOOK OF BETA Til ETA PI. occasion. The speakers on the programme came from all over the country and dozens who could not come sent letters. On May 24, 1895, a banquet was tendered to the sur- viving founders of the fraternity at the Burnett House, Cincinnati. It was preceded by a pilgrimage of the guests to Miami University, where, during the day, ap- propriate exercises were held. The rooms of the chapter were first visited. The assembly then adjourned to the college chapel, where John W. Herron, a member of the Miami chapter and president of the Board of Trustees of Miami, delivered an address of welcome, which was re- sponded to by Major Ransom. John Reily Knox, the only one of the then survivors present, made a brief speech and this was followed by a few remarks from Miss McKee, president of the Western Seminary and daughter of John L. McKee, Centre, '49, who invited the guests to lunch at Seminary Hall. After lunch, Oxford Female Seminary was visited and the assembly then re- turned to Cincinnati. The banquet in the evening was a very successful affair. Over two hundred were present and toasts were responded to by Gen. John W. Noble of St. Louis ; Prof. Francis W. Shepardson of the University of Chicago ; Cha])lain Lozicr ; Judge Horace TI. Lurton of the U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals ; William C. Spraguc, president of the Sprague Correspondence School of Law ; Presi- dent Young of Centre College; Ex-President Hepburn of Miami ; Junius E. Real of Michigan ; Bishop Moore THE BREWER DINNER. 339 of the Methodist church and Clyde W. Brow./, then an active member of the Miami chapter, speaking for the undergraduates. Appropriate souvenirs were given to the guests and the afifair was pronounced a decided success. April 10, 1896, on the occasion of the reunion of the chapters of District III, a banquet was tendered to Jus- tice Brewer, of the U. S. Supreme Court, and he came, and after a delightful reception delivered a scholarly ad- dress on "The True Greatness of American Citizenship." The affair took place at the Hotel Stenton in Philadel- phia which was then under the management of Joseph C. Reynolds, Dickinson, '87. There were about 200 present. We copy from the columns of the Beta Theta Pi a portion of the account of the banquet: "Including both alumni and undergraduates, probably there were few prominent colleges east of the Mississippi that did not have at least one representative. Justice Brewer attended this dinner at considerable personal sacrifice, as he came all the way from San Antonio, Tex., where his daughter has been very ill. The menu was as elaborate as has been seen at any frater- nity dinner, not even excepting the notable one given by the fraternity at Washington, D. C, a few years ago, to Mr. Justice Harlan. Upon the face of the menu was a most artistic repre- sentation of the badge of the fraternity, being a Greek shield in form, with the various precious stones around the outer edge brought out into relief and painted by hand in the various ap- propriate colors, with a brilliant diamond in the center. On the front page of the menu was a fine and life-like portrait of Jus- tice Brewer, and throughout the menu were a large number of 340 UAXDROOK OF r.F.TA 'lllFTA I'l. quaint and curior.s hut appropriate quotations from Shakes- peare, hearing upon and iUustrating not only the suhjccts of the different toasts, hut the various courses of the (Hnner itself, wliicli must have taken the committee many lahorious hours to arrange. The tailpiece to the menu was a faithful reproduction of a most fierce bull-dog, apparently from a photograph. The toast list was as follows : Toastmaster — Dr. llohart A. Hare. The Beta Welcome Dr. J. Chalmers Da Costa Pennsylvania 'S4. The Fraternity William Raimond Raird Stevens '7S. The Guest David J. Brewer Wesleyan '■'>^>. Beta Theta Pi in the Law .... William H. Armstrong Princeton '47. The Influence of Fraternity Life . . Samuel W. Pennypacker Representing the University of Pennsylvania. Tlie Ladies Thomas X. Orr Jefiferson '57. Younglings, but not Weaklings Samuel P. TuU Pennsylvania '04. Dr, Mare is an ideal toastniasler. lie stands easy lirst among the many good ones in the fraternity. The welcome of Dr. Da Costa was hearty and cordial, and with just enough of senti- ment to warm the hearts of his hearers. The resjionse of Brother Baird w^as listened to with closest attention, and his a.necdote of an incident of Judge Brewer's career in the Kansas Judiciary occasioned much merriment. Mr. Hepburn's speech was notable because of his age, the fact that he was one of the old Princeton chapter and the present attitude of th.it institution toward the fraternities, and because it showed as nothing else THE ODELL DINNER. 341 could how strong a hold the fraternity has upon the undergrad- uate, and how firm it lasts throughout his after life. Judge Pennypacker is not a member of the fraternity, but being a trustee of the university, represented the institution at the feast to do honor to the guest. His speech was a happy one, and while he paid tribute to the standing of the Beta Theta Pi, he poked considerable fvm at some of its members who hold high places in the politics of the Keystone state. The Rev. Thomas X. Orr, as an after-dinner speaker, is unique. The fun fairly bubbles out of him, and while he was mirthful and merry, he could withal be serious and sentimental. The con- cluding toast of the evening was by a representative of the resuscitated Phi chapter who narrated the trials the boys had undergone on their pathway to their present proud eminence." On February 1, 1901, the Columbia chapter and the New York alumni gave a dinner to Benjamin Barker Odell, Jr., Bethany '77, then governor of the State of New York, at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. The grip was epi- demic at the time and the weather was unusually in- clement and the toast list was much cut down in conse quence but it was a brilliant occasion. Promptly at 8:30 the doors Of the banqueting hall were opened and the assembled company entered. The first impression of the room was a lasting one of ele- gant comfort. One side of the room was draped with vertical stripes of cream colored and lemon colored bunt- ing; in the centre was a large flag of the state of New- York in the middle of which was a panel displaying in huge letters "B n" made up of incandescent lamps. On one side of this was draped the flag of Columbia College and on the other the flag of the fraternity. 342 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. The guest table was immediately in front of this wall and on a raised dais. Tiie tables for the other diners were all small holding but eight. Each table was illum- inated with candles with alternate pink and blue shades, bunches of beauty and other roses w^ere on all of the tables in the utmost profusion, and smilax and ivy con- cealed efifcctively the rest of the cloth. The effect was beautiful and much appreciation was expressed at the admirable result obtained by such simple means. The menu card and toast list formed a handsome souvenir. It was a vellum covered pamphlet ])ound in the Columbia colors. The inside cover was of original design as follows. '&' WNNEH TENDERED TO GOV' BENJAMIN'B'ODEU ■^77 WTOE AA" CHAPTERS NEW YORK ALVMNl 'OF THE'B-e-TT'FRATTERNlTY' THE VALDCBF " PEB^^l'lSOl THE ODELL DINNER. 343 Within the cover, on one page was the menu, on the next, the toast hst, on the next the names of the com- mittees. Hon. John S. Wise was a witty and altogether pleas- ing toastmaster. After a brief speech he introduced the guest of the evening, who spoke very pleasantly of his membership in the fraternity. After reading a lot of re- grets, with caustic side remarks, the toastmaster intro- duced Dr. W. A. P. Martin, who had just returned from Pekin after having undergone all of the trials and horrors of the memorable siege in the legation. He interested his hearers by telling them entertainingly and at first hand of his experiences in China and particularly during the siege. Eli Perkins was the next speaker and kept the tables in a roar with his witticisms with their classical setting. His dry manner and air of modest surprise that his state- ments should evoke laughter were much appreciated. James Lindsay Gordon of the old William & Mary chapter followed, and responding to the toast, "Betas in Public Life," poked a lot of fun at the distinguished guest of the evening and those around him. At that time Gordon was a Tammany Democrat and assistant district attorney, and he thoroughly enjoyed the incon- gruity of some of his surroundings, as contrasted with his political affiliations. A Virginian of the Virginians, a fine orator, he charmed by his manner as well as his words, and elicited loud and prolonged applause 344 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. wlun he paid a tribute to the fraternity glowing with fervt)r and patriotism. The next speaker was a representative of Bethany, Governor Odell's chapter, I'ercy H. Cochrane. He is also a Southerner and a natural orator, and spoke feel- ingly and pleasantly of the pride of his chapter in the success of its l^rother in whose honor the dinner was given. Knowlton Durham. Columbia, '01, spoke briefly of the college and chapter. The final speech of the evening was by Governor Francis of Missouri, who sent his regrets and then came to countermand them in person. I le made a speech in his usual happy vein and was able to get ahead of John S. Wise in a little verbal duel. That is something of a feat, as New York Betas know. This dinner w-as widely noticed in the newspapers. Governor ( )dell when he left Bethany came to Columbia and tried very hard to start a chapter of Beta Theta Pi. The movement was not favored by those in authority. Afterwards he joined the Columbia chapter of Psi Upsi- lon forming one of the many instances of double mem- bership which occurred before the fraternity extended eastwardly. The newspapers rather hoped for some kind of a controversy between the fraternities but were of course disappointed. In the winter of 1902-3, after the fall elections were over, it became apparent that three Betas were at the same time governors of three great states, Odell of New THE THREE GOVERNORS' DINNER, 345 York, Bates of Massachusetts and Montague of Vir- ginia, and it was determined to give them a banquet at New York. It took place under the auspices of the chapters of District II and the New York alumni March 20, 1903, at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. From the columns of the Beta Theta Pi we extract the following: "The spirit which pervaded the annual dinner of District II, on the night of March 20, was typified when, as the finale of the ovation following Governor Montague's eloquent address, St. Lawrence men, fresh from the northwoods, struck the key for "Dixie" and joined in the rebel yell. For jovial comming- ling of men from college classes from 1S51 down to those still on the undergraduate rolls, and for its emphatic doing away with the bigotry of sectionalism, it was remarkable. From the standpoint of the fraternity, the assemblage of 225 men, representing thirty-two college chapters^ was real cause for congratulation. One of the three active governors in whose special honor the dinner was arranged — Governor Odell, of New York — was kept from the engagement by a recent death in his family ; and an ex-governor whose attendance had been ex- pected — the Hon. David R. Francis, of Missouri — was called away by official engagements ; but the expressions from both could not have been more cordial had they been on hand. The Astor gallery at the Waldorf was brilliant for the event in the colors of the fraternity displayed with the national flag and the pennants of several of the colleges of District II. Over the guests' table the letters "B 11" in incandescent lamps threw light upon the official emblems of the three states. New York, Virginia and Massachusetts. The hour preceding the dinner was given to informal hand- shaking and to a reception by the guests of the evening. By the time the march to the tables was taken up, the diners had 34f) HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. BANQVET Tenckrrd to Gov BenjaminBOdell "Jr ofNewToT^ Cov.jfohn L. Bates of Massachusetts Gov. Andrewy. Montague of Virffnia By District n and the Nete Tork Alumni BETA THETA PI rrfifned by Malcolm Curry. Columbia 03 Facsimile o<^ Cover of Mknu Cakd THE THREE GOVERNORS' DINNER. 347 arranged themselves, with the aid of the committee, by colleges into congenial groups. The nearly thirty tables quite taxed the capacity of the big banquet hall. For the first few moments of the dinner the mere bigness of the crowd threatened to im- pose "'company manners" upon the assembly. The silver-gray veteran ex-Governor Beaver proved himself the biggest and best "boy" of them all, and soon had fraternity songs and cheers and college yells warming the heart and gladdening the eye of old Wooglin. Columbia and Stevens, both with big delegations, vied for honors ; up-state St. Lawrence excited comment by the size and voice of its representation, while Cornell, Syracuse and Rutgers were not far behind. What the more remote col- leges lacked in numbers they made up in lung power and by drafting recruits temporarily for their respective college cheers." The cover of the menu card we reproduce in facsimile. The toast list was as follows : Toastmaster — Ex-Gov. James A. Beaver, Wash.-Jeff., '56 Invocation Rollin A. Sawyer, D. D. Western Reserve '51. The State of New York . . . Gov. Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. Bethany '77. The State of Massachusetts .... Gov. John L. Bates Boston '85. The State of Virginia Gov. Andrew J. Montague Richmond '82. Beta Theta Pi in the North Country . Hon. Ledyard P. Hale St. Lawrence '76. Beta Theta Pi in Medicine .... Hobart A. Hare^ M. D. Pennsylvania '84. Beta Theta Pi 'Way Down East C. 'Vey Holman Harvard '82. 348 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Beta Theta Pi in the Second District . Rev. Robert VV. Courtney Rutgers '99. Beta Theta Pi in War Rev. George A. Crawford Boston '78. Beta Theta Pi in Peace .... Hon. Janu-s Lindsay Gordon William & Mary '77. Beta Theta Pi in Washington . . Hon. William D. Bynuni Indiana '69. Beta Theta Pi in Foreign Lands . Ex-Gov. David R. Francis Washington '70. The speeches were on a hig'h level and concluded with a poem by Chamber.'^ Baird, read by Willis O. Robb. H BallaDe ot States L New York. In the Empire State, that hath waxed so great By the things that are and the men who dare. Where the works are done that shall cliallenge fate, In the city of gold by the sea so fair; In the marts of trade and the haunts of care, Where they toil and they jest, and but death gives rest, — We have reared our fane and shall not beware : This is the state that we love the best. II. M.\S.^.\CHrSETTS. In tlio old Bay State, with its Boston gate That doth open the way to its culture rare, Where the scholar may come to his high estate. There is history made, there is fame to spare; In the halls of learning that rise so fair For the eager quest of the truth that blest, — THE STOKES DINNER. 349 We have reared our fane and shall not beware : This is the state that we love the best. III. Virginia. In the Cavalier State, of most ancient date, With its lands so proud and its valleys fair That are loved by the sun and the mountains great, And doth ever the glamor of glory wear ; Where the race arose that could do and dare. And their deeds are the test of the gentle's crest, — We have reared our fane and shall not beware : This is the state that we love the best. ENVOY. Lord, in the hearts of our friends who care For the lords whom we test and we toast as guests, W'e have reared our fane and shall not beware : This is the state that we love the best. — Chambers Baird, Harvard '82. The last of the notable dinners was given to Edward C. Stokes, Brown, '83, Governor of New Jersey, ]\Iarch 24, 1905, at the hotel Astor in Xew York city. It was well attended, about 300 being present. The banquets we have specially referred to have been prominent by reason of the attendance or the guests hoii- ored or both. As the fraternity grows larger, each year in Boston, Philadelphia, St. Louis, San Francisco, ]\Iin- neapolis, Cleveland, Chicago, Kansas City, Buffalo, and Denver, banquets take place which twenty years ago would have been matters of importance. 35 u V O •J) CHAPTER XVII. Beta Homes. The fraternity at large has never been an owner of property. Its home is in the hearts of its members. But the members in the chapters are fast being gathered into chapter homes, either owned or rented by themselves or special corporations organized for the purpose, and one alumni club at least owned its own home. THE WOOGLIN CLUB. This was a club composed of alumni scattered all over the country, and it purchased and for several years main- tained a summer resort on Lake Chautauqua, and merits some extended notice. The inception, as told by one of its organizers in the fraternity journal, was as follows: A party of Beta Theta Pi alumni, while en route to the re- cent Saratoga convention (of 1883). stopped at Lake Chautau- qua, New York. During their stay at this beautiful lake, it was suggested that the alumni might there establish a resort, similar to the summer club, house and cottage associations which are in successful operation at Bass Island, Little Mountain, and other places in the country, where the accommodations are equal to the general resorts, but at largely reduced rate of expense. i\.fter thoroughly considering the mater, it was unanimously regarded both practicable and eminently desirable, and that Lake Chautau- qua, all things considered, offered the most advantages of any (351) 352 HANDBOOK Or BETA r II ETA 1 1. place in llic country, lion. John Reily Knox, one of the found- ers of our order, was in the party, and an earnest advocate of the project. Two different visits have l)een made to the lake since the convention by committees, resulting in securing a con- tract for purchase at $150 per acre, of a tract of nineteen acres on the eastern shore of the lake, near Mayville. and named by the committee "Wooglin on Chaulau(|ua." This spot is de- lightfully isolated and yet within easy reach of all points, and, without exception, is the most beautiful and desirable location on the lake. It is proposed to purchase this land and build a suitable clul)-b(nise. the company to be composed of alumni mem- bers of good character and standing, and such persons only. At this resort the members and their families m C r 2 356 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA IT. Ill l.ss'.t tlicre was ^reat dissatisfaction expressed with the mana.c^ement of the club ; the interest on the debt was not ]iai(I. and the prospect of prolonged and disastrous litigation was speedily realized. A new management mended matters some, but not nuich. The feeling of distrust had spread among the members, and cottages were not buih. xisitors Prof. Tliornljurg, 1)y his own efforts, put a system of water supply into the club- house and perfected the drainage, but tlie attendance, out- side of the convention week, was practicalK /////. The property cost about $o(),()(iO. The mortgages on it were foreclosed and it passed into the ])ossession i»f a hotel company. It was run as a hotel for one season but the house was destroyed by fire in ISiX;. It is unfortu- nate tlial the name of the fraternity was ever attached to the clul). It was the outcome of the highest enthusiasm and the most intense loyaltw Imt the members have learned that the tie that liinds the lletas together does not necessarily extend to tlieir wi\es and families, and that the possession of real restate is not an immixed ])lessing. Tiie idea was a good one, but the experience gained from it has once more tauglu tl'.e lesson that membership in fraternities like ours can not be made the basis of Imsi- ness enterprises. The conventions which were held there will all be pleasanti}- remembered b\- all who attended them. CHAPTER HOUSES. 357 In 1893, when the first edition of this book was pre- pared, four of the chapters owned houses, viz. : Amherst, Michigan, DePauw^ and Cahfornia, and fifteen chapters rented them, viz. : Boston, Maine, Weleyan, Cornell, Stevens, St. Lawrence. Colgate. Syracuse, Pennsylvania State, Johns Hopkins, Lehigh, Ohio State, Minnesota and Beloit. Now in 190T, 36 chapters own houses, viz. : Amherst. Bowdoin, Dartmouth, Maine. Rutgers, Wesleyan, Yale, Colgate, Cornell, St. Lawrence, Syracuse, Dickinson, Le- high, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, North Carolina, Ohio State, Denison, DePauw, Michigan, Iowa, Minne- sota, Missouri, California, Stanford and Washington State. And 3'3 chapters rent houses, viz. : Boston, Columbia. Stevens, Toronto, Union, Johns Hopkins, Washington & Jefiferson, Virginia, Texas, Bethany. Ohio, Wittenberg, Case, Kenyon, Ohio Wesleyan, Western Reserve. Woos- ter, Indiana, Purdue, Wabash, Beloit. Chicago, Illinois, Knox, Northwestern, Wisconsin, Iowa State, Iowa Wes- leyan, Nebraska. Colorado, Denver and Kansas. Of these Bethany, Indiana, Beloit and Illinois are living in houses especially built for them. The Washington { Mo. ) , West Virgmia and Cincin- nati chapters rent apartments wdiich afford many of the conveniences of a chapter house. The Brown. Stevens, Union, Texas, X'anderbilt, Wes- tern Reserve, Ohio Wesleyan, Knox, Wisconsin, Ne- braska and Kansas chapters all have plans matured, con- House of the Yale Chapter. CHAPTER HOUSES. 359 siderable money collected and in several instances the ground purchased on which to erect houses. The entire fraternity is therefore in chapter houses ex- cept Brown, which is now building, and Davidson, Hampden-Sidney, Central, Hanover, and Westminster. It is a curious fact that the five last mentioned are all rela- tively small Presbyterian colleges. The need for new dormitory room has not been felt there as keenly as else- where. It will be understood that these houses vary much in size, cost and appointments. The Yale house for example is used purely as a club house. The men do not sleep or eat in the house. The Wesleyan house is a dwelling and all of the members of the chapter eat there whether they live there or not. Almost every chapter has a plan of its own which differs from that of every other chapter. In the houses which have been especially built for the chapters there is usually provided a suitable lodge room or meeting place. In houses not so specially built the par- lors are used as assembly rooms. In the newly built houses the ground floor is usually arranged so that the rooms can all be thrown into one open space and so be well adapted for dancing and for banquet purposes. The bed rooms are commonly arranged so that two of them open into a common study room. When the chapter houses were first in use many fra- ternity workers advocated a uniform design for all of the houses in the fraternity, but the scheme was found to be impracticable. u ir. Ui [I. O u o a:.!:il-:.;.st chai'TEr house. 361 The houses are run in the usual manner common to clubs. There is generally a house committee, but some- times the chapter as a whole acts as such. Usually each member, whether he rooms or eats in the house or not, pays a house tax, and then pays separately for the other accommodations which he receives. The houses are owned by the chapters incorporated as clubs, by associations of alumni, through the medium of trustees and possibly in other ways. Some of the corpo- rations are stock corporations and some are membership corporations. The money to purchase the houses has been secured in some instances by gift, in other cases through the sale of stock. All of the houses are being gradually paid for and when the houses are all paid for they will be worth in the aggregate nearly, if not quite. a million dollars. They range in cost from $3,500 to $28,000. The Amherst house was the first one owned in the fra- ternity. It is described as follows : It is very pleasantly located on the corner of College and Maple streets, facing the common, and is surronnded by a large and beautiful lawn, with a tennis court in the rear. It is about three minutes walk from chapel, and two minutes from the post- office. The house was built in 1883, with the thought of having it adapted to fraternity life. In 1886 it was purchased by the chapter, and since then the interior has been changed for the convenience of the fraternity ; and during the past iew years, the hall, parlor and reading room have been refitted and taste- fully refurnished. On entering the house, the parlor is on the left from which the reading room opens by folding doors. With ■■m^^m Ce: '"'^v^S^^H w r.tc^^H H jgm <| ^'^lA^T'i *? •-4 5 U < ■^ ■■:>^^:Si,i y. f^>?5^ ( ^ '. "'■' ' ' .' U '* J ^ J. - \A T* H J* b ■^ O J U) ■J ."1 o CALIFORNIA CHAPTER HOUSE. 363 the exception of a large billiard room in the rear of the house, and opening on the back piazza, the other rooms on the first floor are used for studies. There are eleven suites of rooms, accommodating 27 students, the sleeping rooms being in the back part of the house, on the second and third floors. From the vestibule the hall runs through the house to a rear hall, which opens upon the back piazza. A broad veranda extends across the front of the house. The California house is unique in appearance. It was opened in the spring of 1893, and is described by the cor- responding- secretary as follows : The new hall of Omega chapter is located just outside the university grounds, to the north, on high ground, from which there is a magnificent view of San Francisco bay, Mt. Tamal- pais and the Golden Gate. The greatest length of the house is from north to south, the accompanying photograph showing this length as seen from the northwest, the trees in the university grounds in the background. The house is in three main divisions, the central one being the Chapter hall, with high, arched ceiling, lighted by dormers at the second story level. .French windows open out from it to the great veranda on the west. At one end of the hall is a very large fireplace, with surrounding seats in the walls. Above this is a balcony, gained by a stairway at the left; this balcony crosses to the library, which occupies the sec- ond story of the second division of the house. This second division, containing the library upstairs and sitting-room down- stairs is connected with the chapter hall at the southwest cor- ner of the latter. French windows open out from the sitting- room, also, upon the veranda. The third part of the house, lying to the north of the chapter hall, is three stories high, and contains on the ground Moor the reception hall and oriel, the dining-room, kitchen and pantries ; on the second floor four sleeping rooms, bath room and lavatory, and on the third floor three sleeping MICHIGAN CHAPTER HOUSE. 365 rooms, shower bath and lavatory ; besides this, there is a house keeper's room, on a half floor between the first and second floors. Part of this third division is covered with plaster, as seen in the picture. The rest is covered with unpaiinted cedar shingles. Ihe dining room has its greatest length east and west, i. c, per- pendicularly to that of the chapter hall, from which it is sep- arated by panels, which can be removed when occasion requires. The inside finish is redwood, with the natural color preserved by oil and wax. The dining-room and chapter hall are paneled to a height of about nine feet, xhe house is lighted with incan- descent lights. The picture does not show the main entrance, which faces the east, and is immediately behind the dining-room. The house of the DePauw chapter was secured in 1890 and was purchased from Professor Tompkins, of the State Normal School. It contains 13 rooms, and 14 students now room in it. There are two double parlors and a music room and library, besides the bedrooms. The house is situated within four doors of the main college. It has a beautiful lawn and fine tennis court, and there is a suitable driveway and stable. The house has the modern improvements, and is lighted with gas. The Michigan chapter house stands on a lot 100 by 150 feet at the southwest corner of State and Madison streets, a short block from the campus. Six other frater- nity houses are in the immediate vicinity and as the Michigan Union has puchased the old Judge Cooley place, three doors north, for its permanent club house, the location is the best in town. The place was purchased January 17, 1891, for $9,750 and the old square two story red brick building with porch and bathroom added made a very acceptable chap- ter house until abandoned after commencement in 1903. H U •J H W X H MICHIGAN CHAPTER HOUSE. 367 The present house is built of cream brick with white porch and trimmings and in a few years will be entirely covered with ivy. It is square, 60 x 60 feet, three stories high and stands well back surrounded by a green lawn, stone walks and fine trees. The interior is even better than the exterior. As one enters he steps from the vestibule into a square hall two stories high with the broad stairway dividing and leading to right and left to the gallery which extends around all four sides of the hall. One suite of three rooms, four of two, a single room, a bath room v\"ith showers, etc., ■opens ofif the gallery. Two flights of stairs lead to the third floor which has four suites of two rooms each, two single rooms and a bath room as well as the chapter hall. This latter is 34 x 30 feet and 16 feet high with gallery and ante rooms. On the first floor, opening from the hall are the re- ception and dining rooms on the left and parlor on the right. These can all be thrown together for dancing or banquets. At the northwest corner of the house beyond the side entrance on Madison street is the general loafing room with the library, broad leather window seats and great open fire place. In the basement is the steam heat- ing apparatus, laundry, store rooms and space for bil- liard room and fire proof vault which it is planned to add later. There is a rear entrance to the basement and kitchen and on the second and third floors, entirely sep- arate from the main i)art of the house, are the servants' quarters. OS U H D W H t. O o MINNESOTA CHAPTER HOUSE. 369 The house accommodates twenty-two men without crowding and the dining room seats thirty-six with room left for as many more Betas as there may be on the visit- ing athletic team. The whole property represents a cash investment of $35,000. The generous alumni have already contributed one-half of this amount and notes from the active mem- bers and alumni and income from the chapter make the problem of paying the remainder a simple question of time. The title is held by "The Beta Theta Pi Club of Michi- gan" and too much credit cannot be given to Junius E. Beal and John H. Grant, both of '82, for the part they have played in the work. The new house was dedicated June IT, 1903. The chapter first entered a house in the fall of 1S82. The architect of the Michigan house was Albert F. D'Oench, Washington, '72. "The Minnesota house is Greek in style as well as name. It is an exact reproduction of the Parthenon save as to size and materials. Its dimensions are 35 x 65 feet in- cluding the portico. The walls are of brick veneer, the col- umns and cornices of timber. A handson:e general effect has been secured by careful attention to the brick work and painting. Great pains were taken to select bricks of uniform color, and these were laid with colored mortar after a unique method. The character of the whole structure indicates that it is an abode for Greeks, and the particular clan to which it belongs is proclaimed by a simple plate in the tympanum with the letters B © n in gold upon a maroon background, the colors of the uni- OS u H Oh < u O D O MINNESOTA CHAPTER HOUSE. 371 versity. Two sets of double doors in copper and very heavv plate glass bear the same letters in handsome mon- ograms." "The entire first floor is devoted to chapter and social life. A wide hall, separated from the rooms on each side by arches only, leads to the chapter-hall at the rear of the building. This room is, as every chapter-hall ought to be, the largest and finest in the building; it has for its length the whole width of the structure, 35 feet, and for its width 15 feet. The wood work is of quartered oak, and the furniture is of the same material. The walls are tinted pink and blue and are adorned with chapter pic- tures, banners, athletic trophies and other evidences of B n achievements. In front of the chapter room at the right of the hall are tw^o parlors, on the left a lounging- room and a wide staircase leading to the second floor. The lounging-room contains a large fireplace, a hand- some mantel and a comfortable settle. Both mantel and settle are of the same material as the rest of the wood- work outside of the chapter-hall — sycamore stained ma- hogany. The furniture is of mahogany and leather ; the draperies of heavy red silk. The floors are of hard ma- ple. The arrangement of the rooms has elicited much ad- miration ; by opening two sliding doors the entire floor can be thrown into what is practically one big room with a number of cozy corners, making splendid provision for dancing and receptions." "The second floor is divided into five rooms for mem- bers who desire to reside in the house. Each room is MAINE CHAPTER HOUSE. 373 large enough to accommodate two men. All have large closets and are well lighted." "The third floor is a large hall planned for initiations, gymnastics and similar uses. At one end of it is a plat- form, which can be utilized as a stage for private theat- ricals." "The basement contains a large dining-room, pantry, kitchen, matron's room and furnace room. The house is heated by hot water and lighted by gas and electricity." The Maine house is a monument to the loyalty of the alumni of that chapter. Suddenly realizing the need for new accommodations the alumni with a small nucleus of $2,000 raised nearly $11,000 more in ten weeks, and built the house in a remarkably short time. It is an attractive house of a modified colonial type, specially designed for the site it occupies. The house is low and rambling, with agreeable lines. It faces the south, that is, toward the campus. The length on the front is eighty-seven feet, and on the west, the side which faces the Stillwater river, it is sixty-five feet. The entrance is into a living-hall, thirty by thirty-two feet, from the rear of which a winding flight of stairs leads to the second story. Connecting with the hall, in the main house, is a reading room, fifteen by thirty-two. This room has an open fireplace and a bay window. In the rear of the reading room is a study and a bed room. A hall connects with a door opening toward the athletic field. Opening into the hall, in the ell, is the dining- room, eighteen by thirty-one. This also has a fireplace NORTH CAROLINA CHAPTER HOUSE. 375 and a bay window with a long, low window-seat. These three rooms, the hall, reading and dining-rooms, give a large floor space for dancing. Opening from the hall are French windows, leading to a piazza, from which steps go down to the terraces, sloping toward the river. Back of the dining room are a butler's pantry, kitchen, pantry, a room for the chef, a bedroom and several clos- ets. There is an entrance from the south back of the kitchen w'ith stairs going to the second floor and to the cellar, and another on the east end, where a new road is to be laid out. On the second floor are seven studies, six of them in the main part of the house. These are about fifteen by sixteen, and accommodate three men each. There are also two bathrooms, a lavatory and nine bedrooms. The bedrooms are about nine by twelve, with a closet in each ; an outside window and transom over the door provide for a good circulation of air in each room. The third floor is available for storage onlv. The house is heated by steam and lighted by electricity. it will accommodate twenty-four or twenty-five men com- fortably. The North Carolina house is a small one but it suits its environment, is admirably adapted for its purpose and has been of great help to the chapter. As illustrat- ing the spirit with which many of the chapter houses have been built, we reproduce from the Beta Theta Pi, some account of the enterprise written by an under- graduate at the time the house was built. The first ap- NORTH CAROLINA CHAPTER HOUSE. 377 peal for money met with the following reply : Chairman House Committee, Chapel Hill, N. C. Dear Brother: Your letter is by me, and will answer now because I have been waiting for a chance to express my appre- ciation of the permanent part the fraternity played in my life. Enclosed you will find ten dollars. Will give more when I can. Wish I were able now. As ever. Yours in kai P. S. — I want to come to the house-warming when it is ready. "This was the note. It was onr first response. Its cor- dial spirit put new life into us, it made us feel that H B stands for something real to her sons." "With such encouragement we went on ; and by June the best located lot on the edge of the campus was ours. Then Mr. R. F. Dalton, of Greensboro, father of Brother A. C. Dalton, became interested in our earnest efforts. He proved a friend indeed ; secured building material at cost, supervised the work free of charge, and obtained the money needed that we could not secure. He made trip after trip here at his own expense until a few weeks ago, when the house was turned over to us." "This is the best fraternitv house on "The Hill," — not such a home, of course, as many of our more fortunate brothers have in the North and West ; but this little Beta cottage looks fine down here. Down stairs the house has- a comparatively large reception room, a wide corri- dor, a meeting-hall and an alumni chamber ; up stairs, four bed rooms." "The social feature of the chapter is a great part of its Xw-'^A \>i LEHIGH CHAPTER HOUSE. 379 life, but that isn't the best thing about the chapter house. The most beautiful thing about our true fraternal life is the home place, so to speak, that the fraternity takes to encourage the boys to do higher things. We believe that is what B n stands for, nationally, and we know that is what she is earnestly trying to stand for, locally. Last year the only fraternity man in college who made B K was a Beta ; and this year the athletic editor of Carolina's athletic organ is a Beta ; also, the present president of the literary society — the first fraternity man that has been its president in three years." The Lehigh house was purchased by the chapter and cost a little over $10,000. It is admirably situated, and is described by the Lehigh men as follows : "Our new home is exceptionally well adapted for a fraternity house. The first floor is divided into library and dining room on one side and saloon parlor on the other, with reception hall and winding stairs in the center. Back of these is a kitchen, cloak-room and study. On the second floor are seven study rooms and a bath room. The third floor contains one study, a bath and bed rooms. Our plan is to have study and sleeping rooms separate, and even though this necessitates much floor space, we have room for nineteen men comfortably. The outside appearance is much added to by a terraced green and side lawn." The Pennsylvania State chapter has a lieautiful house worth about $20,000. The movement to secure it is described as follows : w H 2 -4 >< 2 w 0. 13 PENNSYLVANIA CHAPTER HOUSE. 381 "The board of trustees of the college, at its meeting in June, 1894, alloted a very desirable portion of the camp- us to the fraternities, an acre to be given to anv frater- nity which would erect a creditable building, the style and cost of same to be approved by the board. Alpha Up- silon immediately applied, and had the choice of lots. Among the alumni present at commencement and the ac- tive chapter, $'2,1()() was promptly pledged. In order to properly carry on the project it was deemed advisable to form a corporation, which was done under the name of the Alpha Upsilon Chapter of the Fraternity of Beta Theta Pi." "With this amount the building committee set to work. Plans and specifications were adopted and the contract let. Ground was broken before the summer was ended, and the work pushed forward steadily until it was com- pleted, in May, 1895." "The building is of select brick, with slate roof ; a ver- anda 12 feet in width encircles three sides of the house, giving an entire frontage to the building of 88 feet. The interior is finished in oak, with hard wood floors. The hall through the center on the first floor is 19 x 27 feet, with the drawing room and club room, each 15 x 21 feet, on one side, and the dining room, 22 x 30 feet, pantry and kitchen on the other. The rooms on this floor are so ar- ranged with large doors that all can be thrown into one. The sleeping and study rooms, on the second and third floors, are 14 in number, beside a bath room on each floor. One room is very large, and intended for occas- DENISON CHAPTER HOUSE. . 383 ions when a large number of visitors are in the house. It will allow of a dozen cots, which will be brought into requisition in the commencement season. These rooms are all commodious and specially well lighted, while the sanitary arrangements throughout the house are most satisfactory. The house is heated by steam." "Any mention of the building must include the beau tiful opalescent emblematic window at the first landing as you ascend the main stairway. Considerable time was spent on this feature. Designs were submitted by a num- ber of artists in the east, and after a great deal of delib- eration a selection was made. The idea you will get from the accompanying cut. The worth of its design and harmonious coloring cannot be adequately described."' This house was burned a year or two after its erection but was at once rebuilt on its original lines. The Denison chapter house is a three-story frame building erected on a lot of one and one-half acres at the corner of Elm and Mulberry streets in Granville, Ohio. On the first floor there is a general assembly room thirty- one feet long by seventeen feet wide opening with large double doors into a dining room thirty-three feet long by sixteen feet wide. Another side of the assembly room ■opens into a front hall, across which is a music room, and this in turn opens into a smoking room or den. At the back of the house are the kitchen and pantries. On the second and third floors are ten bedrooms for the members, giving room for twenty men. At the back of "the second and third floors, and entirely cut ofif from the » H < u a H t3 O H Q w a H U. O w lo o DARTMOUTH CHAPTER HOUSE. 385 main part of the house, are four rooms for the house keeper and her assistants. On the third floor a room about twenty-two by twenty-live feet is reserved for an initiation hall. On three sides of the house is a porch one hundred and eighty feet long and fifteen feet wide. At the back of the house is a tennis court. The architect of the Dartmouth chapter house was Charles A. Rich, 'To, a member of the chapter. The house is described by the Dartmouth men as follows: The house resembles a comfortable colonial mansion. It is two stories in height in front and one in the rear ; the whole rear, in fact, being taken up by a large ground- floor room, called in the plans a "goat" hall or initiation room. It is expected that this room will be used for ini- tiations and for a chapter assembly room. This room has a large center skylight and small side windows far above the floor, so as to give a large amount of wall space for decorative purposes. This is a somewhat novel feature in fraternity houses." "The house has stone foundations, but is otherwise a frame structure ; the style being as stated above, colonial in general effect and harmonizing admirably with its surroundings. The third story is so arranged that it can be supplied with dormer windows and finished ofif into suites of rooms as may be required." "The framing of the house is of spruce, the outside fin- ish of white pine, the inside finish of white wood. The front hall, vestibule, goat-room and stairs are finished in Flemish oak, the floors in quartered oak and the base- STANFORD CHAPTER HOUSE. 387 ment in cypress. A huge fireplace is supplied to the hall and the goat-room, large enough for large logs." "The closet room is ample, the toilet facilities good, the plumbing of the latest sanitary type and the scheme of decoration simple and neat almost to severity. In the basement are a billiard room, the janitor's apartments and storage rooms." The Stanford chapter house is on the campus and near to the scene of all the student activities. When it was built in 189 T it was described by the chapter as fol- lows : "The Beta house faces about southwest, and is sur- rounded by very fine prospects. Just across the roadway in front of the house the rounded foothills begin to rise. These are tan-colored during the greater part of the year, and are dotted with evergreen live-oak.'' It has three stories. The roofs are large, and sweep to the first story in front and to the second story in the rear. There are three verandas and a balcony. The color is dull bluish green, with cream trimmings. Our lot is very large." "The first floor is given up entirely to the parlor, re- ception hall, library, dining room, and kitchen, with its accompanying essentials. The wood work is Oregon fir. The walls are finished with a panelled wainscoating of a height of five feet, and rough plastering tinted in terra cotta in the reception hall and parlor, in green in the li- brary, and in cream in the dining room. The house is about 60 X 45 feet in dimensions — not very large, but the H ex. < U w a o U o COLGATE CHAPTER HOUSE. 389 parlor and hall are quite large, occupying a great part of the first floor space, and are connected by so wide an opening, in the center of which are three pillars support- ing the top beam, that in connection with the dining room, which can be thrown in with them, they form a fairly commodious dancing space." "On the second floor, there are eight living rooms and two bath rooms. The rooms are large enough, and all but one have good closets. The third floor is at present one large attic, which serves admirably for initiation purposes, and in which we intend to hold private theat- ricals for our own amusement. We can now accommo- date IG persons with ease, and shall finally be able to 'house 24." This house was slightly injured by the earthquake in 1906. but the damage was speedily repaired. It is one of the handsomest houses at Stanford and is beautifully surrounded with flowers and shrubbery. The Colgate chapter house is located on Broad street in Madison facing the university campus and nearly op- posite Taylor Hall. At the rear it overlooks the valley to the south. The interior is finished in quartered oak. The fireplaces have mantels with Dutch tiles. The house is three stories high and has accommodations for fifteen students. On the first floor are the library, reception room and dining room. The second and third stories are divided into study rooms and sleeping rooms. The house is heated by steam and is supplied with water from an artesian well on the premises. < X U u •A K O U w a BOWDOIN CHAPTER HOUSE, 391 The Cornell, chapter house is situated in a command- ing location. It is well back from the street and is reached by an inclined pathway. The style is Elizabeth- an, the second story having projecting from it five large gables of plaster and black beam work. The materials are brown mottled brick with darker brick trimmings for the first story, and stained shingles for ihe second and third stories. On the first floor is a reception room, li- brarv and living room all opening from a spacious hall and finished in high paneling and with overhead beam work in dark wood. The upper floors are finished in the same color tone. There are eleven suites of two rooms each accommodating twenty-two men. The dining room, kitchen and pantry are in the basement and as the house is on a hillside and the ground slopes rapidly toward the rear these rooms are well lighted. The house cost about $22,500. The Bowdoin chapter house was completed in June, 1901. It stands on McKeen street facing south. It is built of wood in Colonial style. The lot has a frontage of 200 feet and contains several fine elm trees. The first story is divided by a wide hall. Four study rooms are on one side of it and a large parlor and a dining room are on the other side. The parlor is finished in white and has an open fireplace. On the second floor there are four large studv rooms with bed rooms adjoining and two other bed rooms. On the third floor there are two large sleeping rooms, the chapter hall and a billiard room. The upper halls are lighted with stained glass windows. There u w < H 'J-i o H O a •/I o WASHINGTON STATE CHAPTER HOUSE. 393 is an ell containing the kitchen and steward's apartments. The house is finished in hard wood with polished floors and is heated by steam and lighted by electricity. The chapter house of the Washington State chapter is in Fraternity Row in the suburb known as University Heights and about four miles from the business district of Seattle. The lot is GO x 120 feet. The house comprises three stories and a basement. The first floor consists of a large reception room opening immediately from the ves- tibule opposite the door of which is the stairway and large open fireplace. To the left is the dining room and to the right at the rear is the library. The entire floor can be thrown into one and as it has a hard wood floor it is admirably arranged for dancing. The second floor has three rooms in front and two on each side and the third floor has five rooms and a store room. The rooms are very large and there is little choice between them, and the house is furnished with all modern conveniences. The Yale chapter house is on Crown street, New Haven, between College and High streets and one block south of the campus. The lot is 40 x 160 feet. The house is two stories and a half. It was a dwelling house, but the front has been taken down and replaced with a plain front with an iron door in the center flanked by two Grecian columns. The interior has also been remodelled to suit the purposes of the chapter. The Yale men are not permitted to live outside of the dormitories and in consequence the house is used purely as a club house. The Missouri chapter house is of wood, two stories '...■A. -f.; •-■ ^^V: H --^ X u W ry2 SYRACUSE CHAPTER HOUSE. 395 and a half high and contains fifteen rooms. It is finished in hard wood and is a very comfortable dwelling. The Wesleyan chapter house is located on the corner of two streets almost three blocks from the campus. The lot is a large one and the house has ample lawn space around it. It is a dwelling house of a usual suburban type but is very large and comfortable. A central hall divides the first story. At the right is a large parlor and at the left a library, back of which is the dining room. The library has a bay extending to the second floor. The bed rooms are very large and are decorated in the usual student style. The house of the Syracuse chapter fronts on Walnut Park, the most beautiful and picturesque in the city, but one block from the campus. The lot is 50 x 100 feet and there is a large front and rear lawn ; the latter of which can be used for a tennis court. The house is a three story, frame building, with a large basement containing the laundry. It is light gray with white trimmings and has a shingle roof. The living apartments are large and roomy throughout, containing all the modern appointments, ^ich as heating plan't, electricity, hard wood floors and finishings, steel ceilings and massive fire places. The lower floor contains four large rooms, a recep- tion hall, living room, dining room and kitchen. This floor is convertible by large doors, into a dance hall. The reception hall is furnished with weathered oak. In the living room, which is 15 feet by 30 feet, leather is w H < X u u H < H O 5 o u H to o OHIO STATE CHAPTER HOUSE. 3*)7 used for upholstering, while tables with current literature, a piano and large fire place add to the homelike efifect. The dining room is a 14 feet by 20 feet room with heavy oak wainscoting. The upper floors contain, aside from wide halls, baths, store rooms and matron's quarters, eight rooms capable of accommodating sixteen men. The furnishings include, steel cots, folding beds, chififoniers, desks, book racks and large wardrobes, while several of the rooms have plate rails and window seats. The bed rooms and halls are carpeted in Axminister. The home of the Theta Delta chapter at the Ohio State University was the first fraternity house erected at that institution and the chapter has the further distinction of having years ago first introduced the chapter house mode of living among college fraternities in Ohio. Briefly described, the house is a large, modern, well- constructed dwelling of colonial style, situated on a cor- ner lot 100 X 170 feet, in a fine residence district two blocks from the main entrance to the university. The ex- terior walls of the building are of a red brick laid in Flemish bond, with trimmings of ivory white. The roof is of slate. A two-story porch, supported by large fluted columns with Ionic caps adorns the front, while a spa- cious one-story porch is at the side, both being connected by a walled terrace extending along the entire north and west sides of the building. In the rear is a drive and tennis court. The house proper is 57 x 47 feet and contains 24 u o m s u Q u H W O DICKINSON CHAPTER HOUSE. 399 rooms, exclusive of the basement. It has a large center living hall, "^0 x 30 feet, with an immense ingle nook with depressed floor at the rear end; a spacious dining room on the east side with kitchen and pantry in the rear ; and a music room and library on the west side ; all con- nected by double doors. There is an alumni chamber at the rear of the library and a lavatory at the rear of the living room. A side entrance leads past a coat and tele- phone room. The second floor contains seven double study rooms with alcoves for beds, a linen closet and bath ; including a shower. The third floor contains four study rooms, a chapter room, servants' quarters and a lavatory. The interior finish is along mission Imes and the fur- nishings and decorations are harmonious and elegant, the electric fixtures being exceptionally fine. The heating system is hot water. A clothes chute and an electric din- ner gong are among the conveniences. The building was designed by Edward C. Fenimore, Ohio State, '99. The chapter house of the Dickinson chapter stands on a corner lot GO x 240 feet. The house itself is 45 x 30 and is built of brick laid in the Flemish bond and with a slate roof. It is Georgian in style with a Greek Doric portico. On the first floor there are two rooms, a large living room and a chapter room. On the second floor there are five bedrooms and a bath room, each room having large closets. The house is provided with hard wood floors throughout and with steam heat, electric light and gas. w H <^ K U u u 5?; Id H O u O ST. LAWRENCE CHAPTER HOUSE. 401 Tn the living' room on tlie first floor is a very large fire- place. The porch is 20 feet long by 11 feet wide. The lot is so large that an extension can readily be built upon the rear of the house without altering its present lines, so that should more accommodation be needed, it can readily be supplied in the future. At present the space back of the house is used as a tennis court. The house is in the very best colonial style. The main body of brick is dark red, the portico is cream white and the slate roof is dark green, making a very pleasant com- bination. The house was designed by Edwin H. Fetterolf, Pennsylvania, '9-1. The house of the St. Lawrence chapter was constructed during the summer of 1897. It is a colonial structure 89 X 31 feet, two and one-half stories high. It stands upon the southwestern corner of the old college campus, which with the new additions to the campus recently purchased, brings it about midway of the front of the college land. The building is constructed entirely of wood, The cover- ing being random shingles. The shingles were originally dipped in silver grey shingle stain and have colored with the weather to a neutral tint. The chapter house faces the north and upon the front has a long and wide ver- anda about 13 feet wide by 40 feet long. The first floor of the building is occupied by a large entrance and re- ception hall with wide colonial fireplace and staircase, a parlor about 30 feet square finished after colonial pat- House of the Syracuse L'iiai'tkk. ST. LAWRENCE CHAPTER HOUSE. 403 terns in white and green, and a dining room of sufficient size for the ordinary purposes of the house. In the rear are the necessary kitchens, pantries and butler's pantries. The second floor is divided entirely into rooms for tlie occupants of the house with the exception of a cozy cor- ner in the hall at the head of the stairs which is used as a general daily meeting place and library. The upper floor which is lighted by dormer windows in the roof, gives a large room for a chapter hall and also the necessary rooms for servants. The house is heated by steam and lighted by electric lights and is in every way a convenient and serviceable house for all purposes. It accommodates about fourteen members. There has been talk of an ex- tension in the rear which would give a large dining room which could be also used as a banqueting hall instead of using the present parlor, and a few more rooms on the second floor. This would leave the present dining room to be used for a billiard room, and with this addition the house would be unusually complete. We are unable to present illustrations of the houses of the Iowa and Pennsylvania chapters. They are so situ- ated that good photographs have not been secured. CHAPTER XVIIL The Membership. The membership of the fraternity is of course varied, and made up of many diverse elements. When the matter is considered, it is certainly remarkable that a fraternity which, down to the year 1870, at least, was in the main confined to relatively small institutions, should have acquired a membership containing more prominent men in many walks of life in which the com- parison may be made than Harvard University, with all its years of history and set in the center of a homogeneous, knowledge-loving people. Comparisons are odious, and while in the lists that follow of those who have made names for themselves we shall necessarily omit men- tion of many who might perhaps with equal justice be included, such omissions, we assure our readers, are due entirely to lack of adequate information. We must also consider the vexed question of honorary and double memberships. If by the term "honorary" members is meant persons who acquired membership in the fraternity while they were not undergraduate stu- dents at college, we have a few of them, but if by the term is meant persons elected to membership by reason of their preeminence and prominence in the public eye, (407) 408 HANDBOOK OF BETA Til ETA PI. and for the luster their reputation, already gained, might add to the fraternity's renown, then we have none at all. The fraternity has never elected foreign dukes, cannibal kings, great soldiers or fighting admirals to membership because they were distinguished. In the early days of the fraternity, as the previous pages show, our membership was not of necessity con- fined to college students, and until the fraternity system developed and its general practices became limited by custom, it was not uncommon for young men of prom- ise, residents of a place wherein a chapter was located, or intimately associated with the Betas, to be received into a chapter. Schuyler Colfax was a prominent instance of such a member, and a better Beta was never known. Then, again, in these early days the opposition of col- lege faculties to secret societies led to the initiation of college tutors, professors or trustees, whose influence might and frequently did mitigate the force of this op- position. Among men so initiated were Wm. Clarke Larrabee and Cyrus Nutt, of DePauw ; Henry L. Hitch- cock and Geo. E. Pierce, of Western Reserve ; Daniel Kirkwood, of Indiana ; Thad A. Reamy, of Ohio Wes- leyan ; James C. Watson and DeVolson Wood, of Michi- gan ; and while, perhaps, many of them never acquired that deep interest in the fraternity which they might have manifested had they been Betas while undergradu- ates, yet there have been others like Dr. Reamy who have by their fidelity won a place in the hearts of all the brotherhood. ALUMNI OF ABSORBED SOCIETIES. 409 The fraternity has also, at times, received into its fold chapters of other fraternities, or societies of local origin, never, let it be said, with a taint of disloyalty or dishonor attaching to such a transaction. In all such cases per- mission has been freely accorded to bring into Beta membership such of the alumni or members of the form- er organization as desired to come. It has always been felt that it would be unfair to secure the result of the previous work done by such members, wfthout affording them an opportunity of continuing their former relations. Upon the disintegration of K # A, its Denison chapter entered B 11 ; the Brown chapter of $ K A, the Mis- sissippi chapter of A K ; the Missouri chapter of Z , the Dartmouth chapter of 2 A 11, and all of the living chapters of A 2 X, and the Mystical Seven and local so- cieties at Amherst, Colgate, Union, Cincinnati, Hamp- den-Sidney, Randolph-Macon, Ohio State, Dickinson, Bowdoin, Illinois, Colorado, Purdue, Toronto, Case, Iowa State and perhaps elsewhere^ when they entered Beta Theta Pi, acquired the right of bringing in their alumni, which right they have freely exercised. Some of the most active and enthusiastic men in the fraternity to- day have been received in this way. Occasionally the alumni of such societies have refused or neglected to ex- ercise their privilege in this respect, but the loss has been theirs, not ours. Members acquired in this way we do not regard as honorary members and neither do they so regard themselves. The question of membership in two fraternities is a 410 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI, vexing- one to the undergraduate of this generation, but it naturally arose. In the earlier days, when Beta Theta Pi was almost wholly a western organization, its mem- bers would frequently leave the colleges where they were initiated, and go to eastern colleges, where we had no chapters, to complete their studies. A constant emigra- tion of this nature took place. Many such Betas having felt the benefits to be derived from fraternity member- ship, and being sought by the fraternity chapters in their new college home, and thinking that chapters of our fraternity could not or would not ever be established in such places, became members of the eastern fraterni- ties with no thought of disloyalty toward Beta Theta Pi. The practice was forbidden by our constitution, but it was also felt that "circumstances alter cases,'' and it was winked at ; accordingly there are on our rolls to-day members of A A $, A K E, ^ Y, A , X '^, and per- haps other fraternities whose standing in B n no one questions. Some few members of these and other east- ern fraternities were acquired by emigration in the re- verse direction. Then, again. Betas who had accepted positions as professors in eastern colleges were at times elected hon- orary members of the eastern fraternities, without harm to either organization. There were, unhappily, cases where there was direct and intentional disloyalty, which was promptly met by expulsion from the fraternity. These were, however, very rare. Since the fraternity has become widespread, and can INSPIRATION OF PROMINENT MEN. 411 afford in its eastern chapters a fraternal home to western Betas, and in its western chapters a home to eastern Betas, there is, of course, no excuse for such double membership, but the former action would now be visited by proper penalties ; but the former situation is accountable for perplexing question of allegiance, which lose their vex- atious character when the circumstances are understood. We offer no apology for presenting to the fraternity the following list. As has been well said by another Beta (Albert H. Washburn, Cornell, '89), in setting forth a list of the members who have been governors of states: "Nothing can be of more effective value to any organization than its list of great men. It is a constant source of inspiration to all loyal members. Nor is this all. It emphasizes, as nothing else can, the broad dif- ference between a permanent fraternity and a mere tem- porary club. The idea of permanence comes to be felt, and its recognition is of immense practical value. Every member is made to realize his individual responsibility ; to feel that he has a duty to perform, a reputation to maintain." In classifying the membership, while we aim at com- pleteness, we scarcely feel that we shall attain it. The kaleidoscopic changes of American life make it impossi- ble to keep up with the swiftly advancing records of the members. The fraternity being, in its early years, confined to institutions in the central, western and southern states, where the careers open to ambitious youth were either in 412 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. law. politics or the church, it is natural that its more eminent members should be found in these walks of life. Commencing, then, with the officials of the general government, the fraternity has never been fortunate enough to claim the allegiance of an occupant of the Presidential chair. The nearest we have come to it has been the vice presidency. We begin our roll, then, by the mention of the Vice President of the United States: ' Schuyler Colfax, DePauw, '44. H. Gratz Brown, Transylvania, '4(1. was the nominee of the Democrats and Liberal Republicans on the ticket with Horace Greeley when the latter ran for the presi- dency and was defeated. We are fortunate, in having had several members of the Supreme Court of the United States, often and justly termed the most august tribunal in the world. Supreme Court of the United States: John M. Ilarlan. Centre, '.10. William B. Woods. Wesfcrn Reserve, '42. Stanley Matthews, Cincinnati, '42. David J. Brewer, Wesleyan, '53. All of these, with the exception of Mr. Justice Brew- er, came into the fraternity as undergraduates, and did yeoman work in its upbuilding. The careful records of 'In these lists we have omitted the years durinj? which the mettiber.*! named occupied the positions indicated. It would unduly encumber the record and the curious reader can readily ascertain the dates by refer- ence to the fraternity catalogue. FEDERAL JUDGES. 413 the old Cincinnati chapter, in the painstaking script of Stanley Matthews, are among- our most precious relics. Matthews, Woods, and Harlan, were all ardent Beta workers, and the letters of each of them, written as un- dergraduates, attest an interest which, though dormant at times in the presence of weightier duties, has ever kindled into flame at the call of necessity. Mr. Brewer came to us from the parent chapter of the old Mystical Seven, a true brother and peer of his fellow Beta justices. United States Courts: Andrev/ ivl. J. Cochran, Centre '73, Circuit Judge, Kentucky. Horace H. Lurton, Cumberland,'67, Circuit Judge, Tennessee. Peter S. Grosscup, Wittenberg, '72, Circuit Judge, Illinois. David J. Brewer, Wesleyan, '55, Circviit Judge, Kansas. Willis Van Devanter, DePauw '81, Circuit Judge, Wyoming. John W. Showalter, Ohio, '63, Circuit Judge, Illinois. Alonzo J. Edgerton, Wesleyan, '50, District Judge, 5". Dak. Robert E. Lewis, Westminster, '80, District Judge, Colorado. Henry S. Priest, Westminster, '72, District Judge, Missouri. James H. Beatty, Ohio Wesleyan, '58, District Judge, Idaho. Oliver P. Shiras, Ohio, '53, District Judge, lozva. Walker T. Gunter, Missouri, '90, District Judge, Utah. William M. Springer, DePauw, '58, District Judge, Indian Territory. Hosea Townsend, Western Reserve, '64, District Judge, In- dian Territory. Confederate States Court: Thomas Jefferson Devine, Transylvania, '45, District Judge, Texas. In addition James Harlan, DePauw, '45, was Chief Justice of the Court of Claims arising out of the Geneva 414 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Award against Great Britain. Wilbur F. Stone, Indiana, '57, was judge of the Court of Private Land Claims and James Wilson McDill, Miami, '63, was a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Passing now to the Senate of the United States, we find the following: United States Senators: Daniel W. Voorhees, DePauw, '49, Indiana. Newton Booth, DePauw, '46, California. Joseph E. McDonald, Indiana, '49, Indiana. B. Gratz Brown, Transylvania, '46, Missouri. Matthew S. Quay, Jefferson, '50, Pennsylvania. Oliver P. Morton, Miami, '45, Indiana. James W. McDill, Miami, '53, Iowa. Stanley Matthews, Cincinnati, '42, Ohio. Milton S. Latham, Jefferson, '43, California. John B. Gordon, Georgia, '53, Georgia. Joseph R. Burton, Hanover, '73, Kansas. Boies Penrose, Harvard, '81, Pennsylvania. Joseph L. Rawlins, Indiana, '74, Utah. James Harlan, DePauw, '45, lozva. Alonzo J. Edgerton, Wesleyan, '50, Minnesota. Norris Brown, Iowa, '83, Nebraska. William E. Borah, Kansas, '89, Idaho. In undergraduate and after life, each of these have manifested their loyalty to the fraternity in many ways. Senator Brown was the president of the convention of 1885, Stanley Matthews the orator of the convention of 1873, Senators McDonald, Latham, McDill and Voor- hees have been among our most popular speakers, and Oliver P. Morton was one of the mainstays of the Alpha CONGRESSMEN. 415 chapter in time of need, and was the direct cause of the foundation of the Wabash and DePauw chapters, while Senator Quay always manifested a lively interest in the fraternity, and was eager to aid its enterprises. General Gordon and Judge Edgerton came from the Mystical Seven. It might be appropriately added here that Alonzo W. Chvirch, Georgia, '47, is Librarian of the Senate and that Robert E. Dixon, Emor}^ '50, was Secretary of the Con- federate Senate. Oliver P. Morton while senator was a member of the electoral commission in the noted dispute between Hayes and Tilden. In the lower house of Congress, the fraternity has rarely lacked able representation. We note the follow- ing: Representatives in Congress: Humphrey Marshall, Centre, '44. John M. Glover, Washington, John Y. Brown, Centre, '55. '71. Thomas T. Crittenden, Cen- William E. Fuller, Iowa, '70. tre, '55. Martin N. Johnson, Iowa, '73. James W. McDill, Miami, '53. Joseph L. Rawlins, Indiana, '74 Ozro J. Dodds, Miami, '61. William B. Spencer, Centen- Jacob J. Pugsley, Miami, '59. ary, '55. Joseph G. Wilson, Miami, '46. John S. Young, Centenary, '55. Milton S. Lathan, Jefferson, '43. E. John Ellis, Centenary, '59. Henry W. Hoffman, Jeffer- Stanley Matthews, Cincinnati, son, '46. '42. Halbert E. Paine, Western Townsend Scudder, Columbia, Reserve, '45. '88. Ulysses Mercur, Jefferson, '42. Rush Clark, Jefferson, '53. 416 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Daniel W. Voorhees, DePauw, '49. John Hanna, DePauw, '58. Albert G. Porter, DePauw, '4:5. Schuyler Colfax, DePauw, '44. Wm. M. Springer, Illinois, '58. Courtland C. Matson, De- Pauw, '62. Isaac Clements, DePauw, '59. Robert R. Ilitt, DePauw, '55. Jonas G. Howard, DePauw, '47. Mark L. DeMotte, DePauw, '5,1. Wm. P. McLean, No. Car., '49 Joseph E. McDonald, Ind., '49. John Coburn, Wabash, '46. •Robert B. F. Pierce, Wabash, '66. Geo. L. Becker, Michigan, '46. John S. Newberry, Mich., '47. Levi T. Griffin, Michigan, '57. John W. McCormick, Ohio, '55. Will Cumback, DePauw, '53. Wm. M. Kinsey, Monmouth,'69. John M. Pattison, O. W. U., '69. Henry St. G. Tucker, Wash- ington & Lee, '75. Henry M. Pollard, Dartmouth, '57. Frank G. Clark, Dartmouth, '73. Harvey D. Scott, DePauw, '50. Thomas W. Bennett, DePauw, '55. James V. Izlar, Emory, '55. George T. Barnes, Emory, '53. Robert W. Miers, Indiana, '70. William D. Bynum, Ind., '69. Scott Field, Virginia, '68. Charles B. Landis, Wabash, '63. Richard W. Blue, Jefferson. '64. Miles T. Granger, Wesleyan, '42. Timothy D. Pelton, Western Reserve, '48. Webster E. Brown, Wiscon- sin, '74. John J. Lentz, Wooster, '81. Frank O. Lowden, Iowa, '85. William B. Craven, Missouri, '93. George W. Cromer, Ind., '82. Charles F. Scott, Kansas, '81. Benton J. Hall, Miami, '55. Albert S. Berry, Miami, '56. Henry R. Harris, Emory, '47. Henry A. Reeves, Mich., '52. John M. Allen, Cumberland, '69. William H. Armstrong, Prince- ton, "47. William Elliott, Virginia, '58. Paul C. Edmunds, Virginia, '56. John S. Wise, Virginia, '67. Wm. J. Whitthorne, Cumber- land, '67. U. S. MINISTERS. 417 Hosea Townsend, Western Re- Henry S. Boutell, Northwes- serve, '64. tern, '74. Ezekiel S. Candler, Mississip- jra E. Rider, St. Lawrence, '88. P^' '^1- James A. Beall, Texas, '90. William S. Cowherd, Missouri, William T. Bell, Virginia, '66. '81. And so widespread has the fraternity become that nearly every election adds to the list. It would, per- haps, be invidious to refer to the individual merits of the members upon this distinguished roll, but the services of Springer, Colfax, Voorhees, Allen and Wilson have passed into our histories as matters of elementary knowledge. Colfax was speaker of the house for a long time, and Springer has been chairman of many of its most important committees', Oae of the above list, Humphrey Marshall, also served in the Confederate Congress. Among other federal ofificials^ the following may be referred to: United States Ministers. Albert G. Porter, DePauw. '44, Minister to Italy. Edwin H. Terrill, DePauw, '71, Minister to Belgium. Rufus Magee, Indiana, '64, Minister to Norway and Sweden. Will Cumback, DePauw, '53, Minister to Portugal. William T. Coggeshall, Ohio, '59, Minister to Exuador. Oliver P. Morton, Miami, '45, was nominated as Minister to England and John C. Zachos, Cincinnati, '40, Minister to Greece, but each declined the appointment. Aimaro Sato, DePauw, '87i. has been Japanese Minister to Mexico and was chief of staff of the Japanese Peace Commis- sion at the Treaty of Portsmouth. 418 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. But few Betas have held bureau or cabinet appoint- ments, but the following with some other officers of the general government deserve notice: Other Federal Officers. James Harlan, DePauw, '45, Secretary of the Interior. John W. Noble, Miami, '51, Secretary of the Interior. David R. Francis, Washington, '70, Secretary of the Interior. Robert R. Hitt, DePauw, '55, Assistant Secretary of State. Halbert E. Paine, Western Reserve, '45, Commissioner of Patents. Benton J. Hall, Miami, '55, Commissioner of Patents. Albert G. Porter, DePauw, '44, Comptroller of the Treas- ury. John W. Ycrkes, Centre, '73, Commissioner of Internal Rev- enue. Thomas C. Mendenhall, Western Reserve, '61, Superintend- ant of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. Charles H. Treat, Dartn-.outh, Treasurer of the United States. Delos P. Phelps, Monmouth, '62, Assistant Treasurer of the United States. Webster W. Davis, Kansas, '88, Assistant Secretary of the Interior. Henry R. Harris, Emory, '47, Third Assistant Postmaster General. Robert R. Hitt, DePauw, '55, Assistant Secretary of State. William E. Fuller, Iowa, '70, Assistant Attorney General. Willis Van Devanter, DePauw, '81, Assistant Attorney Gen- eral. In addition. Humphrey Marshall was the first Envoy to China in 1852 ; B. P. Chenoweth, DePauw, 'GO, was U. S. Consul at the important post of Canton, J. G. Ed- gar. Jefferson. '47, at Beirut, Syria; George B. Clark, GOVERNORS. 419 Centre, '78, at San Luis Potosi, Mexico ; Thomas T. Crit- tenden, Centre, '55, at Mexico; John M. Morton, Mi- ami, '68, at Honolulu; Samuel R. Millar, Virginia, '91, at Leipsic; John M. Birch, Washington & Jefferson, '72, at Nagasaki, while Zachary T. Sweeney, DePauw, '71, has been Consul General at Constantinople, Samuel Merrill, Wabash, '51, at Calcutta; William A. Brown, DePauw, '72, at Nicaragua, and Ellanson C. Moore, Missouri, '75, at Mexico; Oscar F. Williams, Syracuse, '69, was the last U. S. Counsul at Manila under the Span- ish rule and is now Consul General at Singapore ; Wil- liam H. Corwin, Miami, '49, has been Secretary of Le- gation to Mexico and Robert R. Hitt, DePauw, '55, to France. A host of minor officials might be mentioned, who have served the government in civil positions, as United States district attorneys, department clerks, collectors of customs, treasury agents, clerks in the departments, and the like, but the space will not permit it. The governors of several states have worn the Beti emblems, among them the following: Governors of States. B. Gratz Brown, Transylvania, '45, Missouri. Charles H. Hardin, Miami, '40, Missouri. Thos. T. Crittenden, Centre, '55, Missouri. David R. Francis, Washington, '70, Missouri. Louis P. Harvey, Cincinnati, '41, Wisconsin. Milton S. Latham, Jefferson, '43, California. Newton Booth, DePauw, '46^ California. Oliver P. Morton, Miami, '45, Indiana. 420 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Albert G. Porter, DePauw, '44, Indiana. Thos. W. Bennett, DePauw, '55, Idaho. John B. Gordon, Georgia, '53, Georgia. Samuel H. Elbert, Ohio Wesleyan, '54, Colorado. Henry M. Matthews, Virginia, '56, West Virginia. Albinus Nance, Knox, '68, Nebraska. George Hoadly. Western Reserve, '44, Ohio. James A. Beaver, Jefferson, '56, Pennsylvania. John Y. Brown, Centre, '55, Kentucky. Benjamin B. Odell, Bethany, '77, New York. John L. Bates, Boston, '82, Massachusetts. Edward C. Stokes, Brown, '83, New Jersey. Henry A. Buchtel, DePauw, '72, Colorado. John M. Pattison, Ohio Wesleyan, '69, Ohio. Andrew J. Montague, Richmond, '82, Virginia. Lieutenant Governors of States. Will Cumback, DePauw, '50, Indiana. Bamctt Gibbs, Virginia, '71, Texas. Edmund G. McGilton, Wisconsin, '83, Nebraska. John Marshall, Centre, '77, Kentucky. John L. Bates, Boston, '82, Massachusetts. And it is not out of place in this connection to mention the following, who received the nomination for governor in their respective states, but were defeated by more fortunate competitors, viz. : John S. Wise, Virginia, '67, Virginia. George L. Becker, Michiga,n, '47, Minnesota. Orlando M. Barnes, Michigan, '50, Michigan. Henry H. Trimble, Indiana, '47, lozua. Washington I. Babb, Iowa Wesleyan, '66, Iowa. William H. West, Jefferson, '46, Ohio. John W. Yerkes, Centre, '73, Kentucky. Charles S. McRae, Harvard, '44, Alabama. PROMINENT LEGISLATORS. 421 Courtlandt C. Matson, DePauw, '62, Indiana. John M. Harlan, Centre, '50, Kentucky, (twice, once in 1871 and again in 1875. All of the Beta governors have been loyal and in some sense active members. Governor Reaver has presided at many of our banquets, has attended several conventions and has assisted in the establishment of at least one chapter. Governor Brown, of Missouri, was president of the convention of 1885, and Governor Elbert, of Colorado, of the Denver alumni chapter. Governor Hoadly's name has been so frequently mentioned in connection with the fraternity's enterprises that it needs no repetition here. Governors Hardin, Crittenden and Francis have presided at many Beta gatherings, and have attended many more. Governor Latham was the toastmaster at the first dinner of the New York alumni in 1880, and Governor Porter has frequently delivered addresses, and has been a prominent actor in other pub- lic functions of the fraternity. Governors Odell, Bates and Montague were all present at one New York ban- quet. Governor Buchtel has been a hard worker within the fraternity and Governor Pattison was an active member of the Cincinnati alumni chapter. Here might also be mentioned Ichy Zo Hattori, Rut- gers, '75, Governor of Hiogo, Japan. State officials of various degrees of prominence have not been lacking upon our rolls. We note Presiding Officers of State Assemblies. Henry P. Fowlkes, Cumberland, '68;: Tennessee Legislature. Henry S. Cauthorne, DePauw, '48, Indiana Legislature. 422 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Rush Clark, Jefferson, T).'?, loiva Legislature. John C. Entrekin, Ohio Wesleyan, "67, Ohio Legislature. Samuel H. Buskirk, Indiana, '70, Indiana Legislature. Zwingle W. Ewing, Hampden-Sidney, '69, Tennessee Senate. James W. Scovel, Jefferson, '59, Nciu Jersey Senate. John Overmeyer, DePauw, '67, Indiana Senate. John P. Penny, Jefferson, '43, Pennsylvania Senate. Albinus Nance, Knox, '68, Nebraska Legislature. Will Cumback, DePauw, '50, Indiana Senate. James T. Morehead, North Carolina, '58, North Carolina, Senate. Hiram O. Fairchild, Wabash, "66, Wisconsin Legislature. James Ferdinand Izlar, Emory, '5.5, South Carolina Senate. George T. Barnes. Georgia, '53, Georgia Legislature. William D. Bynum, Indiana, '59, Indiana Legislature. William B. Woods, Western Reserve^ '45, Ohio Legislature. Franklin Fairbanks, Williams, '5?!, Vermont Legislature. Joseph W. Byrnes, Vanderbilt, '91, Tennessee Legislature. Thomas H. Clark, Howard, '77, Alabama Legislature. Joseph B. Cummings, Georgia, '54, Georgia Legislature. William H. Chambers, Emory, '45, Alabama Legislature. William F. Stevenson. Davidson, '85, So. Car. Legislature. Julius A. Trousdale, Cumberland '70, Tennessee Legislature. John L. Bates, Boston, '82, Massachusetts Legislature. Ernest Rice, Cumberland. '93, Tennessee Senate. Henry S. Boutell, Northwestern, '74, Illinois Legislature. A superficial enumeration of those who have sat in the lower chambers of the State Legislature discloses the somewhat surprising nimiber of 257, while the number of members of State Senates is 132. We also note a long list of state officials, who have been connected with the executive rather than with the legislative departments of their respective governments. STATE OFFICIALS. 423 Other State Officials. Charles W. Burdick, Ohio Wesleyan, '81, Secretary of State, Wyoming. Matthew S. Quay, Jefferson, '50, Secretary of State, Penn- sylvania. Samuel H. Elbert, Ohio Wesleyan, '54, Secretary of State, Colorado. James Smith, Jefferson, '57, Secretary of State, Kansas. Samuel Galloway, DePauw, '60, Secretary of State, Ohio. James W. Blackburn, Centre, '54, Secretary of State, Ken- tucky. Louis P. Harvey, Cincinnati, '40, Secretary of State, Wis- consin. David Q. Eggleston, Hampden-Sidney, '77, Secretary of State, Virginia. Cyrus Thompson, Randolph-Macon, '77, Secretary of State, North Carolina. William T. Haines, Maine, '76, Attorney General, Maine. Joseph E. McDonald, Indiana, '49, Attorney General, In- diana. Henry M. Matthews, Virginia, '54, Attorney General, West Virginia. Norris Brown, Iowa, '83, Attorney General, Nebraska. William H. West, Jefferson, '46, Attorney General, Ohio. George P. Raney, Virginia, '67, Attorney General, Florida. Robert F. Walker, Missouri, '73, Attorney General, Mis- souri. Milton Remley, Iowa, '67, Attorney General, Iowa. John D. Aitkinson, Indiana, '87, Attorney General, Wash- ington. William J. Hendrick, Centre, '73, Attorney General, Ken- tucky. James M. Harlan, Centre, '50, Attorney General, Kentucky. Matthew S. Quay, Jefferson, '50, Treasurer, Pennsylvania. 424 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Thaddeus B. Lampton, Miss., '89, Treasurer, Mississippi. James A. Harris, Vanderbilt, '86, Comptroller, Tennessee. John D. Aitkinson, Indiana, '87, Auditor, IVashington. Harry C. Marsliall, O. W. U., '55, Auditor, Nevada. Charles W.. Burdick, O. W. U., '81, Auditor, Wyoming. Jolin Pierce, Wes, Res., '50, Surveyor General, Colorado. William J. McCulloh, Jefferson, '43, Surveyor General, Lou- isiana. Robert G. Harper, Emory, '45, Solicitor General, Georgia. Isaiah Mansur, Miami, '46, Commissary General, Indiana. James R. Lyon, Emory, '44, Solicitor General, Georgia. Lucius Polk Brown, Virginia, '89, Chemist, Tennessee. Peter T. Austen, Rutgers, '72, Chemist, New Jersey. Robert B. Riggs, Beloit, '76, Chemist Connecticut. George H. Perkins, Knox, '67, Entomologist, Vermont. James M. Safford, Ohio, '44, Entomologi.st, Tennessee. Ernest Walker, DePauw, '90, Entomologist, Arkansas. Henry B. Kummel, Beloit, '89, Geologist, New Jersey. Richard Owen, DePauw, '56, Geologist, Indiana. John S. Newberry, Western Reserve, '46, Geologist, Ohio. Henry T. Fernald, Maine, '85, Zoologist, Pennsylvania. Gustavus J. Orr. Emory, '44, School Commissioner, Georgia. Parker Spofford, Dartmouth, '65, Railroad Com., Maine. James W. McDill, Miami, '5.3, Railroad Commissioner, Iowa. Benjamin F. Crary, DePauw, '53, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Minnesota. Lewis W. Baxter, Kansas, '95, Superintendent of Public In- struction, Oklahoma. James Harlan, DePauw, '45, Superintendent of Public In- struction, Iowa. John G. Marvin, Harvard, '44, Superintendent of Public In- .structioii, Pennsylvania. James F. Read, Centre, '74, Adjutant General, Arkansas. .Among those who have sat upon the hench of the STATE COURT JUDGES. 425 highest courts of the respective states are the following: Justices of the Supreme Courts in the Different States: (Chief Justices in Italics.) Thomas J. Devine, Transylvania, '43, Texas. Henry Clay Gooding, DePauw, '59, Arizona. Wilbur F. Stone, Indiana, '57, Colorado. Willis Van Devanter, DePauw, '81, Wyoming. Theodore L. Stiles, Ohio, '70, Washington. Samuel H. Buskirk, Indiana, '45, Indiana. James H. Beatty, Ohio Wesleyan, '58, Idaho. James P. Sterett, Jefferson, '45, Pennsylvania. David J. Brewer, Wesleyan, '55, Kansas. Alonzo Jay Edgerton, Wesleyan, '50, Minnesota. Joseph G. Wilson, Miami, '46, Oregon. •Riley E. Stratton, Miami, '44, Oregon. Presley K. Ewing, Mississippi, '81, Texas. Alphonso C. Avery, North Carolina, '59, North Carolina. Charles B. Parkhill, Randolph-Macon, '78, Florida. Ulysses Mcrcur, Jefferson, '42, Pennsylvania. Joseph R. Lamar, Jr., Washington & Lee^ '78, Georgia. Miles Tobey Granger, Wesleyan, '42, Connecticut. William Ware Peck, Harvard, '44, Wyoming. John Coburn, Wabashj '46, Montana. Charles M. Vea, Centenary, '50, Louisiana. William B. Spencer, Centenary, '55, Louisiana. Thomas P. Clinton, Centenary, '56, Louisiana. Samuel H. Elbert, Ohio Wesleyan, '54, Colorado. Alonzo P. Carpenter, Williams, '49, New Hampshire. Andrew Hunter Boyd, Washington & Lee, '68. Maryland. Sterling R. Cockrill, Washington & Lee, '69, Arkansas. William H. West, Jefferson, '46, Ohio. Joseph M. Moore, Jefferson, '46, Louisiana. George P. Raney, Virginia, '67, Florida. William H. Brinker, Missouri, '75, New Mexico. 426 HANDBOOK OK BETA THETA PI. Ebenczer T. Wells, Knox, '55. Colorado. Dick Haney, Iowa Wesleyan, '74, South Dakota. Emlin McClain, Iowa, '71, Iowa. Shcpard Barclay, Virginia, '69, Missouri. James B. Gantt, Virginia. '67, Missouri. Robert Jarrell Morgan, Georgia, '48, Tennessee. Edward A. Jaggard, Dickinson, '79, Minnesota. Walter C. Caldwell. Cumberland, '71, Tennessee. Sterling R. Cockrill, Cumberland, '70. Tennessee. Horace H. Lurton, Cumberland, '67, Tennessee. TowTisend Scuddcr, Columbia, '88, New York. Charles C. Van Kirk, Colgate, '84, Nczv York. John T. Blodgctt. Brown, '>.S0, Rhode Island. There is a time in tiie history of every state at which it strives to put forward its best men and that is when its citizens are assembled in constitutional convention to revise its organic law. We present the following partial list of Betas who have been nKinbers of different consti- tutional conventions. We say "partial" list because we know^ it to lie incomplete, but we present it as a lis^t of men in whom their fellow citizens reposed a supreme trust. Members of State Constitutional Conventions: George E. Scay, Cumberland, '60, Tennessee. William H. West, Jefferson, '46, Ohio. George F. Young, Johns Hopkins, '86, So. Dakota. Joseph M. Moore, Jefferson, '46, Louisiana. William F. Green, Jefferson. '50, North Carolina. Timothy Rives, Randolph-Macon, '79, Virginia. John G. Pollard, Randolph-Macon, '91, Virginia. William F. Glover, South Carolina. '60, Alabama. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 427 John C. Bullitt," Transylvania, '48, Pennsylvania. Powell Harrison, Virginia, '57, Virginia. Thomas R. Mills, Virginia, '67, Georgia. Alphonso C. Avery, North Carolina, '57. North Carolina. William P. McLean, North Carolina, '58, Tennessee. James T. Moorehead, North Carolina, '61, North Carolina. John W. McCormick, Ohio, "55, Ohio. Thos. L. Stiles, Ohio, '70, JVashington. James H. Beatty. Ohio Wesleyan. '58, Idaho. Charles W. Burdick, Ohio Wesleyan^ '81, Wyoming. Ebenezer T. Wells, Knox, '55, Colorado. William C. Goodhue, Knox, '56, Illinois. Miles W. Lewis, Emory, '42, Georgia. Peleg Emory Aldrich, Harvard, '44, Massachusetts. Frederick G. Young, Johns Hopkins, '86, South Dakota. Thomas Harbine, Miami, '45, Missouri. John W. Herron, Miami, '45, Ohio. George L. Becker, Michigan, '46, Minnesota. George W. Wall, Michigan, '58, Illinois. William F. McDonald, Mississippi, '82, Mississippi. Henry S. Hooker, Mississippi, '70, Mississippi. Robert G. Hudson, Mississippi, '72, Mississippi. James S. Brown, Centre, '52, Tennessee. William J. Hendrick, Centre, '73, Kentucky. Louis P. Harvey. Cincinnati '40, IVisconsin. Robert P. Jacobs, Centre, '59, Kentucky. James W. Blackburn, Centre, '54, Kentucky. Richard Mcllwaine, Hampden-Sidney, '53, Virginia. Alfred P. Thom, Richmond '72, Virginia. Eugene P. Withers, North Carolina. '00, ]'iroinia. Walter A. Watson, Hampden-Sidney, '87, Virginia. David Q. Eggleston, Hampden-Sidney, '77, Virginia. Joseph D. Eggleston, Hampden-Sidney, '86, Virginia. ' Author of the famous "Bullitt Bill," under which Philadelphia is governed. 428 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. There is another state office which implies the most eminent respectabiHty and the confidence of one's ncig-hbors and an interest in government sufficient to dis- tinguish a person from the vast majority. It is that of presidential elector and we, therefore, present the names of some of the Betas who have held this office. Presidential Electors: William J. Ilendrick, Centre, '73; Henry S. Cauthorne. De- Pauw, '48; John W. Ray, DePauw, '48; Jonas G. How- ard, DePauw, '51 ; Aden G. Gavins. DePauw, '49 ; John Hanna, DePauw, '50; David O. Dailey, DePauw, '53; Alfred F. White, DePauw, '67 ; Stanley Matthews, Cincinnati, '40 ; Joshua H. Bates, Cincinnati, '40; Milton Remley, Iowa, '67; Martin N. Johnson, Iowa, '73 ; William D. Bynum, Indiana, '69 ; Robert S. Ryors, Indiana, '65 ; Alfred T. Pope, Indiana, '62 ; Thomas J. McElrath, Hanover, '58 ; John Reily Knox. Miami, '39 ; Isaac H. Elliott, Michigan, '61; Junius E. Beal, Michigan, '82; Oscar F. Price, Michigan, '58; Ezekiel D. Candler, Mississippi, '81; Rob- ert Powell, Mississippi, '70 ; Alphonso C. Avery, North Caro- lina, '57 ; Eugene P. Withers, North Carolina, '88 ; John G. Pol- lard, Richmond, '91 ; William Elliott, Virginia, '58 ; David S. Pierce, Virginia, '67 ; Willoughby N. Smith, Virginia, '72 ; Wil- liam F. Green, Jefferson, '50 ; Elihu Spencer, Wesleyan, '39 : Alonzo Jay Edgerton, Wesleyan, '50, Andrew B. Martin, Cum- berland, '58; William D. Frazce, Cumberland, '71; John.R. Good- win, DePauw, '48; Robert P. McCoUocli. Wittenberg, '80; Mil- ton M. Scott, Westminster, '74 ; Robert J. Morgan, Georgia, '48 ; Wilbur F. Stone, Indiana, '57 ; Marcus L. McPherson, De- Pauw, '48 ; Frank O. Lowden, Iowa, '85. As might be expected, a considerable proportion of the membership of the fraternity are professors and teachers, and many college presidents have worn our COLLEGE PRESIDENTS. 429 badge, chiefly the heads of institutions located in the central western states, in which the fraternity early ac- quired prominence. In the first part of the following list we have men- tioned only colleges in which the fraternity (or the Mystical Seven) has been represented by Chapters. College Presidents of Beta Colleges. John Bascom, Williams, '49, University of Wisconsin. Henry A. Buchtel, DePauw, '72, University of Denver. Thomas M. Gatch, Ohio Wesleyan, '55, Washington State University. Jerome H. Raymond, Northwestern, '92, University of West Virginia. William T. Reid, Illinois, '67, University of California. Charles S. Venable, * Hampden-Sidney, '54, University of Virginia. Michael M. Fisher, Hanover, '55, University of Missouri. Charles N. Sims, DePauw, '70, Syracuse University. David H. Moore, Ohio, '60, University of Denver. Samuel S. Laws, Miami, '48, University of Missouri. William H. Scott, Ohio, '62, Ohio State University. Lorenzo D. McCabe, ^ Ohio, 43, Ohio Wesleyan University. James Harlan, DePauw, '45, Iowa Wesleyan University. Andrew D. Hepburn, Jefferson, 51. Miami University. Andrew D. Hepburn, Jefferson, '51, Davidson College. James A. Beaver, Jefferson, '56, Pennsylvania State College. David S. Tappan, Miami, '64, Miami University. George D. Archibald, Jefferson, '47, Hanover College. Isaac Crook, Ohio Wesleyan, '59, Ohio University. William H. Hickman, DePauw, '73. DePauw University. ' Technically called "chairman of the faculty." * Technically called "acting president." 430 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. James A. P. McGaw, Miami, '56, Monmouth College. Luther M. Smith, Emory, '48, Emory College. Charles L. Stafford, Iowa Wesleyan, '71, Iowa Wesleyan University. Charles W. Carter, Centenary, '.55, Centenary College. William H. Scott, Ohio, '62, Ohio University. Samuel S. Laws, Miami, '48, Westminster College. David A. Wallace, Miami, '46, Monmouth College. Osborne L. Smith, Emory, '43, Emory College. iiilary A. Gobin, DePauw, "70, DcPauw University. Clifford W. Barnes, California, '89, Illinois College. Winfred E. Garrison, Bethany, '93, Butler College. William Clark Young, Centre, '59, Centre College. Richard Mcllwainc, liampden-Sidney, '54, Ilampden-Sidney College. Edward A. Tanner, Illinois, '57, Illinois College. Charles H. Fowler, Syracuse. '59, Northwestern University. Charles G. Heckert, Wittenberg, '86, Wittenberg College. William L. C. Plunnicutt, Emory, '54, Centenary College. William F. Warren, Wesleyan, '53, Boston University. We shall now mention some of The Presidents of Other Colleges. Frederick M. Tisdel, Northwestern, '91, University of Wy- oming. Frank Y. Adams, St. Lawrence, '88, University of Arizona. James K. Patterson, Hanover. '55, Kentucky State College. •Robert D. Jackson, California, '82, University of Nevada. David Ross Boyd, Wooster, '78, University of Oklahoma. Augustine C. Hirst, Hanover, '61, University of the Pacific. Isaac Crook, Ohio Wesleyan, '59, University of the Pacific. Joseph P. Blanton, Hampden-Sidney, '69, Univ. of Idaho. Charles O. Mercia, DcPauw, '91, South Dakota University. Samuel S. Weatherby, Ohio Wesleyan, '66, Baker Univer- sity. COLLEGE PRESIDENTS. 43.1 George Loomis, Wesleyan, '42, Allegheny College. Thomas M. Gatch, Ohio Wesleyan, '55, Oregon Agricultural College. Alexander Q. Holladay, Virginia. '59. North Carolina Agri- cultural College. Alexander Q. Holladay, Virginia, '59, Florida State College Angelo C. Scott, Kansas, '77, Oklahoma State College. Elijah E. Edwards, DePauw, '53, Colorado State College. Thomas H. Sinex, DePauw. '42, Albion College. Charles F. Creighton, Ohio, '70, Nebraska Wesleyan Univer- sity. LeRoy A. Belt. Ohio Wesleyan, '61, Ohio Northern Univer- sity. Charles E. Shelton, Iowa Wes., '79, Simpson College. Burris A. Jenkins, Bethany, '91, Kentucky University. Caleb F. Gates, Beloit, '77, Robert College, (Constantinople.^ Arthur F. Griffith, St. Lawrence, '97, Oahu College, (Hono- lulu.) Joseph H. Calvin, Jefferson, '49, Oakland College. Isaac J. Long, Centre, '58, Arkansas College. Samuel M. Luckett, Centre, '59, Austin College. John J. Halsey, Chicago, '70, Lake Forest College. Edward O. Sisson, Chicago, '93, Bradley Polytechnic. Frank W. Gunsaulus, Ohio Wesleyan. "75, Armour Institute. Thomas C. Mendenhall, Western Reserve, '69, Worcester Polytechnic. Thomas C. Mendenhall, Western Reserve,, '69, Rose Poly- technic. Henry B. Boude, Centre. '57, Austin College. and dozens of institutions, some of which are denomin- ated colleges, but which are in general regarded as main- taining a position not entitling them to collegiate rank. It is quite impossible to mention the college profes- 432 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. sors and others eminent in educational matters except in the most cursory way. Any complete list is entirely beyond the capacity of this work ; every well informed Beta can mention many more than we have room to name. The following are those whose position is such that we cannot omit them, viz: John Bascom, Williams, '49, professor of philosophy at Williams ; Charles W. Shields, Princeton, "44, many years at Princeton, and whose exit from the Presbyterian church was so much discussed a few years since ; Robert V. Foster, Cumberland, '76, professor of theology at Cumberland University ; Heman H. Allen, Centre, '55, President of the Danville Theological Seminary ; Henry St. George- Tucker, Washington & Lee, Dean of the Law School of George Washington University, William E. Scheuerman. Missouri, '88, Dean of the Engineering Department at Vanderbilt; Oren E. Locke, Syracuse, '72, director of the Conservatory of Music at Northwestern ; the late John S. Newberry, Western Reserve, '45, professor of Geol- ogy at Columbia; William M. Marshall, Boston, '87, Dean of the Classical Department at Boston University ; Herbert W. Conn, Boston, '81, professor of Biology at Wesleyan ; Rollin D. Salisbury, Beloit, '81, professor of Geography and Dean of the Ogden School of Science at Chicago; Watson L. Savage, Amherst, '82, President of The New York Normal School of. Physical Education ; Erasmus Haworth, Kansas, '81, Dean of the Mining Department at Kansas ; Samuel McC. Lindsay, Pennsylvania, '99, professor of Sociology at Columbia,. PROMINENT COLLEGE PROFESSORS. 433 and formerly Commissioner of Education of Porto Rico ; Wallace C. Sabine, Ohio State, '88, Dean of the Law- rence Scientific School at Harvard ; Andrew F. West, Centre, '73, Dean of the Classical Department at Prince- ton, and who recently declined the presidency of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; Charles M. Bakewell. California, professor of Philosophy at Yale. John W. Burgess, Cumberland, "62, Dean of the School of Political Science at Columbia, and at present Roose- velt professor at the University of Berlin ; Charles F. Beach, Jr., Centre, '79, professor of American Law at the University of Paris ; Emlin McClain, Iowa, '71, until recently chancellor of the law department of the Univer- sity of Iowa ; Walter L. Hervey, Denison, '84. founder and first president of the Teachers' College in New York; Summerfield S. Still, Kansas, '81, founder of Os- teopathy and president of St^ill College ; Edward E. Barnard, Vanderbilt, '86, the well known astronomer and director of the Yerkes observatory ; the late Thomas R. Price, Virginia, '59, for many years head of the de- partment of English at Columbia ; Rev. Wilbur P. Thirkield, Ohio Wesleyan, '76, president of. Gammon Theological School and of Howard University, Hilary A. Gobin, DePauw, '70, dean of the Theological School at DePauw, Dr. Isaac N. Himes, Jeflferson, '53, dean of the medical department at Western Reserve ; Francis W. Shepardson, professor of history and dean of the Senior colleges at Chicago. Also the following professors who have not occupied 434 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Other official positions: Winder E. Goldsborough, Cor- nell. '91, electrical engineering at Purdue; Walter Blair, Hampden-Sidney, '55, Latin at Hajnpden- Sidney ; Vol- ney G. Barbour, Michigan, '(53, civil engineering at Ver- mont ; De \'olson Wood, Michigan, 59, mathematics and mechanical engineering at Stevens ; Daniel Kirkwood, Indiana, '-i9, mathematics and astronomy at Indiana; Alonzo Linn, Jefferson, 49, Greek, at Washington & Jef- ferson ; James M. Safford, Ohio, "44, geology at Vander- bilt ; Charles S. \^enable, Hampden-Sidney, '54, mathe- matics at Mrginia ; James T. Hatfield, Northwestern, '83, German at Northwestern ; Charles N. Zueblin, North- western, '87, sociology at Chicago ; the late John C. Zachos, Cincinnati, '40, the originator of the Cooper In- stitute at New York ; Frederick S. Lee. St. Lawrence, '78, physiology at Columbia; Gustavus j. ()rr, Emory, 'II, mathematics at Emory and who remodeled the edu- cational system of Georgia ; Richard A. I^". Penrose, Har- vard, '84, economic geology at Chicago ; Eugene Wam- baugh, Ohio Wcsleyan, '75, law at Harvard ; John L. Van Ornum, Washington, '88, civil engineering at Wash- ington ; Edgar O. Lovett, Bethany, '90, astronomy at Princeton ; Charles R. Henderson, Chicago, '70, sociol- ogy at Chicago and author of the well known work on "charity"; William Cathcart Day, Johns Hopkins, '80, chemistry at Swarthmore ; Stanley Coulter, Hanover, '71, biology at Purdue ; Robert B. Riggs, Beloit, '76, chem- istry at Trinity; Herbert C. Tolman, Yale, '88, Greek at Vanderbilt ; Charles Bundv Wilson, Cornell, '84, Ger- METHODIST CLERGY. 435 man at Iowa ; Robert W. Wood, Johns Hopkins, physics at Johns Hopkins ; George F. Young, Johns Hopkins, '86, economics at Oregon, and Henry W. Harper, Texas, '95, chemistry at Texas. In the churches, the fraternity seems to be strongest in the Methodist church. In the Northern branch we have on our rolls Bishop Luther B. Wilson, Dickinson, '75; Bishop Charles H. Fowler, Syracuse, '59, (who was editor of the Christian Advocate) ; Bishop David H. Moore, Ohio, "GO ; Bishop Earl Cranston, Ohio, '61 ; and Bishop Henry W. Warren, Wesleyan, '53 ; Bradford K. Pierce, Wesleyan, '41, late editor of Zions Herald and George E. Whitaker, Boston, '85, its present publisher. Wilbur F. Thirkield. Ohio Wesleyan, '76, former sec- retary of the Epworth League and president of Gammon Theological Seminary ; John H. Acton, Ohio Wesleyan, '79, editor of the Pacifie Christian Advocate; the late Arthur Edwards, Ohio Wesleyan, '58, editor of the Xorthwestern Christian Advocate; the late James W. Mendenhall, Ohio Wesleyan, '64, editor of the Metho- dist Review; Henry A. Buchtel DePauw, '72, chancellor of the University of Denver, and now Governor of Colo- rado; Orville J. Nave, Ohio Wesleyan, '70, known as "Chaplain" Nave and J. Hogarth Lozier, DePauw, '57, known as "Chaplain" Lozier ; Ferdinand C. Iglehart, De Pauw, '67 ; Oliver A. Brown, Ohio Wesleyan, 'QQ ; Leroy A. Belt, Ohio Wesleyan, '61 ; Newton W. Darlington, Wabash, '52 ; Thomas. C. Iliff, Ohio, '70 ; Isaac Crook, Ohio Wesleyan, '59 ; Charles O. Stafford, Iowa Wesleyan, '71 ; DeLoss M. Tompkins, Northwestern, 436 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI, '77, and many others who have held positions of honor. Bishops Wilham X. Ninde, Wesleyan, '47, and Edward G. Andrews, Wesleyan, '47, were members of the Mystical Seven. In the Southern Church there are Bishop Elijah E. Hoss, Ohio Wesleyan, '09, for many years also editor of the Nashville Christian Advocate, and Wayman H. Potter, Emory, '-!!), and Wilbur F. Glenn, Emory, '60, editors of the Wesleyan Christian Advocate. In the Presbyterian church, may be mentioned, Wil- liam C. Young, Centre, '59, moderator of the general assembly of 1892 ; Frederick T. Brown, Princeton, '45, editor of the Illustrated Christian Weekly, Henry Clay Evans, Westminster, '81, editor of the St. Louis Presby- terian, Heman H. Allen, Centre, '55, editor of the West- ern Presbyterian, Francis C. Monfort. Hanover, '64 ; Elias C. Monfort, Hanover, '65, and Edward P. Whal- lon, Hanover, '68, editors of the Herald and Presbyter; John Gillespie, Jefferson, '62, late Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, John C. McClintock, Washington & Jefferson, '62. of Iowa; the late George W. F. Birch, Washington (Pa.), '58; James S. Ramsay, Washing- ton (Pa.), '(il ; Meade C. Williams, Miami. '61, of St. Louis ; the late Nathaniel West, Michigan, '46, at one time editor of the Princeton Reviezv; Samuel Hall Young, Wooster, '75, superintendent of Missions in Alaska, and David C. Marquis, Washington & Jefferson, '57, professor in the McCormick Seminary and Moder- ator of the General Assembly of 1886. PROMINENT CLERGY. 437 In the Southern Branch of the church there are Henry Martyn Smith, Washington & Jefferson, '51, Moderator of the AssembHes of 1873 and 187-1 and for many years editor of the South Western Presbyterian, Robert Q. Mallard, Georgia, '53, also editor of the same journal, Abner Crump Hopkins, Hampden-Sidney, '55, Moder- ator of the assembly of 1903, Joseph R. Wilson, Jefferson, '44, Moderator of the assemblies of 1879 and 1880 ; John Newton Craig, secretary of the Board of Home Missions; Samuel M. Luckett, Centre, '59, of Texas ; Charles M. Payne, Davidson, '63, of North Caro- lina ; Richard K. Smoot, Hanover, '56, of Texas ; Thomas L. Preston, Virginia, '55, of Virginia ; Isaac J. Long, Centre, '58, of Arkansas ; Thomas W. Hooper, Hampden -Sidney, '55, of Virginia, and Alexander W. Pitzer, Hampden-Sidney, '54, of Washington. In the Cumberland Branch of the church, Ira Land- rith, Cumberland, '88, editor of the Cumherland Presby- terian; Samuel M. Templeton, Trinity, '83, Moder- ator of the assembly of 1902, and Prof. Robert V. Foster, Cumberland, '70, of Tennessee, may be referred to, and in the United Presbyterian church David R. Miller, Monmouth, '74, editor of the United Presbyterian, and the late David A. Wallace, the theologian. In the Protestant Episcopal church there are Davis Sessums, Virginia, '79, Bishop of Louisiana, Charles D. Williams, Kenyon, '80. Bishop of Michigan, George H. Kinsolving, Virginia, "70, Bishop of Texas, and the late Henry M. Jackson, V. M. I., '71, Bishop of Alabama, 438 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PL also Charles W. Leffingwell, founder and for many years editor of the Liznng Church, and many well known clergy. In the Congregational Church are Theodore T. Munger, Western Reserve, '51, author of "The Freedom of Faith," and Artemas J. Haynes, Denver, '95, his suc- cessor, as pastor of the United Congregational church at New Haven ; James A. Adams, editor of the Congrega- tional Herald, and Frank W. Gunsaulus, Ohio Wesleyan, '75, of the Plymouth church, Chicago. In addition, we may mention George Scholl, Witten- berg, '68, Secretary of the Board of Foreign ^Missions of the Lutheran church ; David H. Bauslin, Wittenberg, '76, and Ezra K. Bell, Wittenberg, '77, editors of the Luth- eran World ; Frederick L. Sigmund, Wittenberg, '86, pres- ident of Carthage College, and John H. Prugh, Witten- berg, '77, president of the General Synod of the Re- formed Church in the United States ; Benjamin L. Smith, Bethany, '78, Secretary of Home Missionary Work, in the Christian (Campbellite) church; William Robin- son Warren, Bethany, '89, editor of the Christian Work- er, and William J. Wright. Bethany, '81, National Super- intendent of Evangelism in Christian churches. In the Baptist church we have George W. Lasher, editor of the Journal and Messenger. William A. Stanton, Hanover, '75, editor of The Kingdom, and Joseph K. Wilson, Brown, '73, editor of Zion's Advocate. Among physicians we may mention George Ben John- son. Virginia, '72, of Richmond: the late William R. Pryor, Washington & Lee, '76, of New York, a famous PROMINENT PHYSICIANS. 439 gynaecologist; Elkanah Williams, DePauw, '47, the oculist; Thaddeus A. Reamy, Ohio Wesleyan, '70, of Cincinnati; Theophilus Parvin, Indiana, '47, of Indian- apolis; James T. Whitaker, Miami, '63, well known as a physican and author; Hobart A. Hare, Pennsylvania, '84, editor of the Medical News, Alexander W. Ewing, Michigan, '64, of New York City; Francis C. Wilson, Washington & Lee, '60. of Louisville, and Samuel D. Risley, Iowa, '75, of Philadelphia; John N. Mackenzie, A'irginia, '76, the eminent laryngologist ; Ernest J. Led- erle, Columbia, '86, late Commissioner of Health at New York City ; Seth Scott Bishop, Beloit, '77, a laryngologist of eminence ; John Chalmers DaCosta, Pennsylvania, '83, the celebrated surgeon of Philadelphia; Arthur R. Ed- wards, Northwestern, '88, of Chicago, and Charles H. Leonard, Syracuse, '72, of Detroit. William D. Williams. George, '48, superintendent of the Georgia Blind Asylum : William K. Argo, Centre. '79, superintendent of the Kentucky and Colorado schools for the deaf and blind; William H. DeMotte, DePauw, '49, superintendent of the Wisconsin and Kansas schools for the deaf; Joseph C. Gordon. Monmouth, '66, a high authority on the deaf and dumb ; John R. Dobyns, West- minster, '74, superintendent of the Mississippi deaf and dumb asylum, and Philip G. Gillette, DePauw, '52, super- intendent of the Illinois Institute for the 3eaf ; Louis G. Perkins, Centenary, '50, superintendent of the Louisiana Insane Asylum ; George F. Keene, Brown, '75, superin- tendent of the Rhode Island Insane Asylum and Clar- 44U IIANDDOOK OF llETA TIIETA ]'l. ence M. Parks, Indiana, '85, superintendent of tlie Wash- ington State Insane Asylum. In tiie law the fraternity has long held a commanding position. We have mentioned many of our prominent lawyers in the lists of officials, judges anci professors. A selection of other names is difficult because any principle of exclusion will cause the omission of some names which competent judges would include. We may refer to Henry Beard, Cincmnati, '40, the patent lawyer, and Richard T. Merrick, Jefiferson, '43, both of Washington, D. C. and whose practice was chief- ly before the Supreme Court of the United States ; Rush Taggart, Wooster, '71. of New York City, counsel for the Western Union ; Benjamin Sheeks, Indiana. '(i5, of Salt Lake City ; Winfield R. Smith, Wisconsin, '89, of Seattle; John S. Miller, St. Lawrence, '69, corporation counsel of Chicago ; James A. Burhans, DePauw, '75, of Chicago ; the late Abram W. Hendricks, Jefferson, '43, of Indianapolis ; Henry Judson Booth, Denison, '73, of Columbus, Ohio ; William C. Sprague, Dcnison. '81, jjresident of the Sprague Correspondence .School of Law. Furman Slicppard, Princeton, '45, for- merly city solicitor of Philadelphia : Andrew Allison, 'Cumberland, '00, and Gen. Gates P. Thurston, Miami, ■'55, of Nashville ; the late Peleg Emory Aldrich, Harv- rard, '44, of Worcester, Mass. ; Booth M. Malone, Beloit. ^77, of Denver; Henry J. Hersey, Boston, '84. of Den- ver; Ledyard P. Hale, St. Lawrence, '76, of Canton, N. Y. ; Hon. Tohn W. Herron, Miami, '45, of Cincinnati ; RAILROAD LA /YERS. 441 David S. Garland, Randolph-Macon, '85, editor of the American English Encyclopedia of Law ; Charles S. Wheeler, California, '84, of San Francisco ; Christopher C. Wright, Iowa Wesleyan, '72, of Los Angeles, author of the irrigation law of California ; John L. Boone, Ohio Wesleyan, '63, the patent lawyer of San Francisco; Amasa C. Paul, Dartmouth, '78, the patent lawyer of Minneapolis, and Albert H. Washburn, Cornell, '89, specialist in tariff litigation of New York City. Among the lawyers who have made a specialty of prac- tice relating to railroads and similar corporations, we may mention Addison G. Smith, Cumberland, '73, general counsel for the Birmingham Southern R. R. ; Alonzo W. Church, George, '47, counsel for the Chicago & Alton R. R. for many years ; James M. Walker, Mich- igan, '46, general counsel for the Michigan Central and president of the Stock Yards corporation at Chicago ; the late John S. Newberry, Michigan, '46, a distinguished admiralty lawyer of Detroit and president of several navigation companies operating on the great lakes ; An- drew J. Poppleton, Michigan, '51, general attorney for the Union Pacific ; Alfred P. Thom, Virginia, '76, gen- eral counsel for the Southern Railway ; Cyrus D. Roys, Michigan, 61, attorney for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern and the Wisconsin Central ; Gaylord B. Clark, Washington & Lee, '68, general counsel for the Mobile & Ohio; William B. Keep, Beloit, '73, general attorney for the Southern Pacific ; Wilbur F. Stone, Indiana, '57, attorney for the Denver & Rio Grande ; Howard Morris, 442 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Wisconsin, 'T7, general counsel for the Wisconsin Cen- tral; iicnjaniin S. Grosscup, Wittenberg, 'TD, counsel for the Northern Pacific on the western coast; Alfred H. M'cVey, Ohio Wesleyan, '68, general counsel for the Toledo, Chicago & St. Louis ; Henry H. Trimble. De- Pauw, '47, general attorney for the Burlington Route : Joseph B. Cummings, Georgia, '54, general counsel for the Georgia Pacific ; Blewett H. Lee, Virginia. '85, gen- eral attorney for the Illinois Central ; Henry S. Priest, Westminster, 'T"^, general attorney for the Missouri Pa- cific ; William T. Rankin, Monmouth, '74, general attor- ney for the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific , Robert J. Morgan, Georgia, '48, counsel for the St. Louis & Iron Mountain ; David G. Plamilton, DePauw, '65, president of the Texas & Mexican Central, the National Railway of Illinois and of the Chicago City Railway Company, and the late Samuel E. Williamson, Western Reserve, '64, general counsel for the Nickel Plate, the New York Cen- tral and the West Shore. (M persons connected with railroading we may men- tion, William Hood, Dartmouth, '67, chief engineer of the Southern Pacific ; Andrew D. Schindler. California, '83, general manager of the Pacific Electric and Los An- geles Interurban Railway Company; John 1). K. Smith, Bethany, '62, president of the Iowa Railway Construc- tion Company; James M. Reynolds, DePauw, "K;, for many years vice-president and general manager of the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago ; John L. Frazier, Washington & Lee, '58. Division Superintendent of the CIVIL ENGINEERS. 443 Southern Pacific ; John A. Grant, Washington & Lee, '66, president of the Memphis & Charleston ; George B. Wright, Ohio, '41, vice-president of the old Atlantic & Great Western and receiver and president of the Indian- apolis, Bloomington & Western ; Wallace J. Wilcox, Cor- nell, "78, master mechanic of the Mexican Central; Wil- son D. Kinnear, Kansas, '84, chief engineer of the Michi- gan Central ; Benjamin A. Kimball, president of the Con- cord & }iIontreal ; Halleck W. Seaman, Iowa, '82, presi- dent of the Illinois, Iowa & Minnesota ; Edmund H. Williams, Michigan, '47, general superintendent of the Pennsylvania and vice-president of the Baldwin Loco- motive Works ; Charles Parrott, Ohio Wesleyan, '56, vice-president of the Columbus, Sandusky & Hocking Valley; James M. Walker, Michigan, '46, president of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, and William W. Baldwin, Iowa, '66, assistant to the president of the same railroad and president of some of its subsidiary corporations ; George G. Hull, Georgia, "47, the construc- tor of the Atlantic & Great Western ; James P. Gould, Dartmouth, '62, chief engineer of the Ulster & Delaware ; James F. Read, Centre, '74, president of the Arkansas Western ; J. Vernet Cilley, Maine, '83, inspector general of Railways for the Argentine Republic, and Eugene A. Sommers, Union, '96, engineer of the Guayaquil & Quito Railway. Among engineers are, Lee Hayes, Missouri, '79, chief engineer of the Boston, Montana & Butte Mining Com- 444 HANDDOOK OF BETA THETA PI. pany ; Eugene J. Buffington, X'anderbilt, '85, president, and William H. Pratt, Dartmouth, '74, general superin- tendent of the Illinois Steel Company ; Amory P. Fol- well, Brown, '85, professor of municipal engineering at Lafayette College; Robert A. Kinzie, California, '97, superintendent of the Treadwell mine in Alaska; Hum- phrey R. Smith, Stevens, '88, chief engineer of the Otis Elevator Company; Alexander K. Hamilton. Stevens, '95, chief engineer of the Lackawanna Steel Company ; Henry S. Loud, Stevens, '90, general manager of the British Westinghouse Company ; Frederick W. Cooke, Stevens, '82, superintendent of the Locomotive Works at Paterson, N. J. ; Charles Volney Kerr, Stevens, '88, of Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co., of New York City, and George H. Pegram, Washington, '77, chief engineer of the elevated railroads in New York City and designer of the elevated railroads in Kansas City and of the Great Union Station in St. Louis. In the Military and Naval service we find a smaller representation than in other professions, college men being men of peace. We had a few soldiers in the war with Mexico. When the Civil W^ar broke out in 1861, the active young men North and South flocked to the armies and the fraternity was represented in the South- ern army by almost all of its members and in the North- ern army by a good majority. It is an inspiration to look at the old rolls of the Centre^ Hampden- Sidney, Virginia, Ohio, DePauw and Michigan chapters for in- THE ARMY AND NAVY. 44$ stance, and see the annotations of patriotic service after practically every name. In the Federal army during the war the following were Brigadier generals : Joshua T. Owen, Washington & Jefferson, '45 ; Robert W. Smith, Williams, '50 ; Hal- bert E. Paine, Western Reserve, '45 ; Joshua H. Bates, Cincinnati, '42 ; Thomas Greene Mitchell, Cincinnati, '40 ; Stanley Matthews, Cincinnati, '40 ; B. Gratz Brown, Transylvania, '46; Charles C. Gilbert, Ohio, '43, and Frank Askew, Michigan, '58. In addition there were 39 colonels, 27 lieutenant colonels, 19 majors, 72 captains, 31 first lieutenants, 13 second lieutenants, 33 non-com- missioned officers, 19 chaplains and 85 privates. In the Confederate army, there were two major gen- erals, John B. Gordon, Georgia, '52, and Butler P. An- derson, Washington & Jefferson, '49, and three brigadier generals, Edward L. Tracy, Georgia, '51, Edward L. Thomas, Emory, '46, and Humphrey Marshall, Tran- sylvania, '45. There were also 18 colonels, 14 lieuten- ant-colonels, 22 majors, 75 captains, 37 first lieutenants, 18 second lieutenants, 22 non-commissioned officers, 13 chaplains and 113 privates. Among the confederates were William Gay Strange, Virginia, '55, professor in the little known Confederate States Naval Academy ; William Allan, Virginia, '60, the military authority and writer, and Robert A. Hardaway, Emory, '47, who com- manded "Hardaway's Battalion." In the Northern Navy there were 2 commanders, 4 lieutenant commanders and a number of officers of a 446 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA I'l. lower grade. Tn the Southern Navy there was 1 lieuten- ant. In the Northern Army 11 are reported killed in battle and in the Southern Army 52. There are few Betas now in the service. We might mention Franklin Hanford, Naval Academy, 'GG, a rear admiral, and John j. 1 lunker, his classmate, a captain in the navy. Major William J. Twining, Wabash, '54, was long a professor at West Point. At present John F. Pratt, Dartmouth. '71, is com- mander of the steamer, "Patterson," and Philip A. Walk- er, Cornell, '78, is commander of the "Bache," both in the coast survey service. John R. Eastman, Dartmouth, '62, is astronomer of the U. S. Naval Observatory. Concerning the War with Spain the records are mea- gre. In the Navy we were represented by 1 rear ad- miral, 3 lieutenants, 2 ensigns, and 1 captain of a trans- port. In the Army we had 3 colonels, 3 lieutenant col- onels, 5 majors, 4 captains, 4 lieutenants and several sur- geons. No privates have been reported. Among men prominent in business affairs we might mention the late Milton D. Latham, Washington & Jef- ferson, '45, who was president of the London and San Francisco Bank for thirteen years ; Samuel K. Martin, Beloit, '62, president of the Martin Lumber Company: Edwin Leonard, Jr., Amherst, '84, president of Reed & Carnick ; John M. Pattison, Ohio Wesleyan, '69. presi- dent of the Union Central Life Insurance Company : Bascom H. Robinson, Hanover, '76, president of the Bankers Reserve Life Insurance Company ; Reuben W. MERCHANTS AND x\UTHOKS. 447 Millsaps, DePauw, '54, of Mississippi, who founded Mill- saps College ; Philip Haxall, Virginia, 60, the flour mil- ler of Richmond, and Archer Anderson, Virginia, '59, of the Tredgar Iron Works at the same place ; Almerin R. Sprague, Beloit, '76, president of the California Fruit Exchange ; John H. Patterson, Miami, '67, president of the National Cash Register Company ; Edw. Ray Speare, Boston, "94, general manager of Alden Spear's Sons Co., of Boston ; Alfred R. L. Dohme, Johns Hopkins, '86, the manufacturing chemist of Baltimore ; Grove D. Curtis, Kenyon,'79,the coal merchant of New York city ; Philip N. Moore, Miami, '70, of St. Louis, president of many min- ing corporations, and Calvin Wells, Washington & Jef- ferson, '55, of Pittsburg, proprietor of the Philadelphia Press. The fraternity has few men upon its rolls engaged solely in literary pursuits. We have mentioned in other connections many men who have attracted attention by their writings. Professor John Bascom and Charles W. Shields have written abundantly in the field of philoso- phy ; Beach has been a voluminous writter in law, and Hare and Leonard in medicine. We shall mention then a few only of our authors having referred to them mainly elsewhere. John S. Wise, Virginia, '67, in the "End of an Era," has written a book which by many is considered to be the hest picture of the civil war ; John B. Gordon, Georgia, ""52, in his "Recollections'* describes other phases of the war. William Sloane Kennedy, Miami, '74, is the 448 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. author of an acceptable life of Longfellow and has been a prolific magazine contributor. Sam Walter Foss, Brown, '82, has a national reputation as a liumorous poet; Melville D. Landon, Colgate, 'Gl, better known as "Eli Perkins," is the author of a number of books on Wit and Humor : Wilson Wilberforce Blake, Mon- mouth, "i2, has written the standard work on Mexico; Charles Henry Smith. Georgia, '48, under the name of "Bill Arp." is the author of several entertaining and de- scriptive books on life in the southern states ; Joseph A. Altsheler. X'anderbilt, '85, is the author of a series of American historical novels of which possibly the best known is "The Sun of Saratoga." Charles F. Embree, Wabash, '!'(>, another novelist, wrote "For the Love of Tonita" and one or two other novels. Charles A. Keeler, California, '93, has published many books of poems. Samuel Merwin, Northwestern, "00, is the author of a number of novels including "Calumet K," and "The Road to Frontenac ;" Franklin G. Carpenter, Wooster, '77, well known as a journalist, is the author of many en- tertaining books of travel and a series of geographical readers; Arthur H. Quinn, Pennsylvania, '94, is the author of "Pennsylvania Stories"; W. A. P. Martin, Indiana, '4G, has written the standard work on "China" and translated many important books into Chinese ; Theodore T. Munger, Western Reserve, '51, is the author of "The Freedom of Faith," "On the Threshold," "Lamps and Paths" and other religious books. Among newspaper writers mention may be made of a few JOUUNALISIS. 449 who arc conceded to have more than a local reputation, viz : John S. McLain, Wabash, '75, editor of the Minneapolis Journal; Robert P. Nevins, Washington & Jefferson, '42, of the Pittsburg Times; Albert E. Hoyt, Cornell '88, editor of the Albany Argus; George Shipley, Randolph- Macon, '87, editor of the Baltimore American; Boyle G. Boyle, Central, '84, editor of the Louisville Evening Post; Joseph B. Battelle, Ohio Wesleyan, '68, and Charles Locke Curtis, Cornell, '83, editors of the Toledo Blade; George A. Shives, Wooster, '87, formerly editor of the St. Louis Chronicle; James E. Tower, Amherst, '85, ed- itor of Good Housekeeping; Joshua T. Owen, Jefferson, '45, who founded the daily law journals of Philadelphia, Baltimore and New York ; Oliver B. Munroe, Brown, '88, editor of the American Wool & Cotton Reporter; Edw. B. Hook, Bethany, '77, editor of the Augusta Chronicle; Granville Walter Barr, DePauw, '83, editor of the Keokuk Standard and a well known writer of magazine fiction ; Richard Lee Fearn, Stevens, '84, corres- pondent at Washington for the New York Tribune; Louis Garthe, Johns Hopkins, '82, correspondent at Washington for the Baltimore American; Charles S. Sprague, Denver, '8G, Editor of the Rocky Mountain News; Frank Julian Warne, Pennsylvania, '96, Editor of the Railway World; Frederick W. Speers, Johns Hop- kins, '88, Editor of the Booklove/s Magazine; Maurice S. Sherman, Dartmouth, '94, Editor of the Springfield Union; Ezra S. Grover, Dartmouth, '97, Editor of the Shoe and Leather Reporter; John J. McDavid, Cumber- 450 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. land, '55, Editor of the Southern fanner; Horatio Gates Wood, Brown, '84, Editor of the Newport Observer, and Arthur Younger Ford, Brown, '84, Editor of the Louis- ville Courier- Journal. Of persons of prominence not mentioned in other connections we will mention: Amory P. Folwell, Brown. '85, president of the American Society for Municipal Im- provement; William H. Tolman, Brown, '82, the well known authority on social economy, and director of the American Institute of Social Science; Robert Hunter, Indiana, '9G, author of "Poverty" and an authority on social economy; Bernard Berenson, Boston. '8T. the art critic ; Lewis Clinton Strang, Boston, '92, the theatrical critic and author of "Famous Actors and Actresses of America"; Henry O. Dwight, Ohio Wesleyan, '65. au- thor of "Turkish Life in War Time ;" William P. Steph- ens, Rutgers, '?3, the authority on Yachts and Yachting; Thomas Allen, Washington, 'TS, the water color artist of Boston : Benjamin F. Funk, Wittenberg, '72, of the pub- lishing house of Funk & Wagnalls ; Charles A. Rich,' Dartmouth, '75. and Frederick E. D'Oench.^ Washing- ton, '74, well known architects of New York city; Rob- ert W. McClaughray, Monmouth, 'GO, superintendent of the federal penitentiary at Ft. Leavenworth and an au- thority on penology; Frank P. Hill. Dartmouth, '76, li- brarian of the Brooklyn Public Library ; Frederick L. ' Architect of the Dartmouth Chapter House and of the Delta Kappa Epsilon House at Williams. - Architect of the Michigan Chapter House. MISCELLANEOUS. 451 Ransome, California, '93, a well known geologist; James R. Carnahan, Wabash, '66, Major General of the Knights of Pythias, and James G. Campbell, DePauw, '86, found- er of the Alpha Chi Omega Sorority. Lastly, we may mention that Professor John L. Camp- bell, Wabash. '48, suggested the Centennial Exposition, held at Philadelphia in 1876, and John S. Hougham, Wa- bash, '46, was its secretary ; Richard Lee Fearn, Stevens, '84, was Secretary of Foreign Affairs at the World's Fair at Chicago in 1893 ; David R. Francis, Washington, '70, was the president of the Louisiana Purchase Expo- sition at St. Louis in 1903, and Heriry St. George Tuck- er, Washington & Lee. '75, is president of the Jamestown Exposition in 1907. CHAPTER XIX. Tables. Presiding Chapters, Directors, Executive Committee, Trustees, Presidents, Officers, Changes of Chapter Names, Districts, Membership Statistics. In this chapter we shall group together certain classi- fied facts, which arranged in chronological order make reference easy. Presiding Chapters. From the Convention of 18-17 to that of 1879, the gov- ernment of the fraternity was through a presiding chap- ter, the list being as follows : 1847-48. A. Miami. 1848-51 B. Western Reserve. 1851-54. r. Jefferson. 1854-56. A. DePauw. 1856-60. z. Hampden-Sidney. 1860-64. 0. Ohio Wesleyan. 1864-65. A. Michigan. 1865-66. I. Hanover. 1866-67. K. Ohio. 1867-68. M. Cumberland. 1893-69. S. Knox. 1869-70. 0. Virginia. 1870-71. n. Indiana. (453) 454 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. 4 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA 1871-72. P. Washington & Lee. 1872-73. T. Wabash. 1873-75. A A. Monmouth. 1875-76. A. DePauw. 1876-77. A. Michigan. 1877-78. A A. Woostcr. 1878-79. A r. Wittenberg. In 1879, the new government tlirough a Board of Di- rectors went into effect and continued until 1897 with some changes. The supposed requirement of the law of Ohio that the directors should reside in one state or local- ity accounts for the preponderance of trustees residing in or near Cincinnati. The following is the list of Di- rectors : Directors. John W. Herron, Miami, 1879-95. John I. Covington, Miami,. 1879-91 ; 1892-95. Wyllys C. Ransom, Michigan. 1879-85; 1894-97. Thad. A. Reamy, Ohio Weslcyan, 1/^79-95. Olin R. Brouse, DePauw, 1879-84. William F. Boyd, Ohio. 1879-95. David H. Moore, Ohio, 1879-80; 1892-93. R. Harvey Young, Wash. & Jeff., 1879-84; 1891-95. Augustus D. Lynch, DePauw, 1879-80; 1895-97. Sylvester G. Williams, O. W. U.; 1880-83. William P. Watson, Rutgers, 1880-(83. William B. Burnett, lozva, 1883-86. Peleg E. Aldrich. Harvard, 1883-86. John R. Knox, Miami, 1884-95. Willis O. Robb. Ohio IVesleyan, 1884-89. Robert W. Smith, Williains, 1885-90. Charles J. Seaman, Denison, 1886-89 DIRECTORS OF BETA THETA PI. 455 Charles M. Hepburn, Virginia, 1886-95. Eugene Wambaugh, Ohio Wesleyan, 1889-90; 1892-93. George Hoadly, Western Reserve, 1889-92. David W. McClung, Miami, 1890-95. Frank M. Joyce, DePauzv, 1890-95. Edgar W. Runyan, Ohio Wesleyan, 1893-95. Walter L. Tobey, Miami, 1893-96. William H. Siebert, Ohio State, 1893-95. J. Cal. Hanna, Wooster, 1893-94. Ralph K. Jones, Maine, 1893-94. Charles L. Thornburg, Vanderbilt, 1893-94. John K. Peebles, Virginia, 1892-93. Albert S. Berry, Miami, 1892-93. Frank H. Scott, Northzcestern, 1892-93. E. Bruce Chandler, Michigan, 1894-97. A. Newton Grant, Michigan, 1895-97. Willard II. Austin, Cornell, 1895-97. Warrington K. L. Warwick, Kenyon, 1895-97. Willis Boughton, Michigan, li"95-97. John J. Lentz, Wooster, 1895-97. James L. de Fremery, California, 1895-97. William O. Mussey, Cincinnati, 1895-96. Henry A. Williams, Wittenberg, 1895-97. Campbell J. McDiarmid, Cincinnati, 1895-97. Marshall P. Drury, Knox, 1896-97. Harry C. Hays, Cincinnati, 1897-97. William A. Hamilton, Northxvcstern, 1897-97. In 1892 the Executive Committee was created. It never had but three members. Executive Committee. J. Cal. Hanna, 1892-97. Chas. L. Thornburg, 1892-97. Ralph K. Jones, 1892-97. 456 UANDIiOOK OF BETA THETA I'l. In 1S!>; the government through a Board of Trustees was inaugurated. The Trustees include cx-ofHcio, the president, general secretary and general treasurer. As these officers are named in different lists we mention only those trustees who at the same time were not general officers : Trustees. Willis O. Robb, Ohio W'esleyan. 1897-190.3. Francis H. Sisson, Knox, 1897-98; 1907-08. Campbell J. McDiarmid, Cincinnati, 1897-1901. Charles L. Thornburg, Vanderbilt, 1898-99. J. Cal. Hanna, H'ooster, 1.S99-00; 1903-06. William A. Hamilton, Northwestern, 1900-05. H. Walton Mitchell, Pcnn'a State, 1901-04. Robert M. Thompson. Minnesota. 1904-10. Stanley E. Gunnison, St. Lawrence, 1905-08. Francis W. Shepardson, Denison, 1906-09. Presidents of tlic Fraternity. William A. Hamilton, 1897-1900; 1906-09. J. Cal Hanna, noo-m. Willis O. Robb, 1903-06. General Secretaries. C. D. Walker, 1872-73; A. N. Grant, 1873-75; D. H. Cheney. 1875-76; Oeorge C. Rankin, 1876-77; J. R. Lamar, 1877-78; E. J. Brown, 1878-81; Eugene Wambaugh, 1881-84; J. Cal. Hanna. 1884-99; Francis H. Sisson, 1899-07; Francis W. Shep- ardson, 1907-'08. General Treasurers. J. I. Covington, 1872-73; R. Harvey Young, 1873-76; G. M. Halm, 1876-77; O. R. Brouse, 1877-79; R. Harvey Young. 1879-30-84; John I. Covington, 1884-91; R. Harvey Young, CHANGES OF CHAPTER NAMES. 457 1891-92; Chas. L. Thornburg, 1892-98; Francis H. Sisson. 1898-99; Warren D. Oakes, 1399-04; James L. Gavin, 1904-07. Alumni Secretaries. W. C. Ransom, 1885-89; George C. Manly. 1S89-92 ; Ralph K. Jones, 1892-97;. College Secretaries. W. G. Hyde, 1886-87-88; Frank S. Kershaw, 1888-89; Charles P. Sigerfoos, 1889-91; H. A. Williams, 1891-92. Catalogue Secretary. W. H. Siebert, 1892-93. Keeper of the Rolls. W. H. Siebert, 1893-6; Charles T. Herbert, 1896-99; Geo. M.^ Chandler, 1899-1906; James T. Brown, 1906-. CHANGES OF CHAPTER NAMES, Had the chapters been named in the alphabetical order of their establishment, the following would have been the roll at the time of the convention. of 1847 : A, Miami ; B, Cincinnati ; T, Western Reserve ; A, Ohio ; E, Transyl- vania ; Z, Jefferson ; H, Harvard ; 0, Princeton ; I, De- Pauw ; K, Indiana ; A, Michigan ; M, Wabash ; N, Wil- liams. Whether all of these names were so applied or not is not known, but the system obtained a common recog- nition, at least so far as concerns the first 12 chapters mentioned. The convention of 1847 declared the Cincinnati, Ohio, and Harvard chapters extinct, and rearranged the roll as follows : A, Miami ; B, Western Reserve ; r, Transyl- vania ; A, Jefferson ; E, Princeton ; Z. DePauW ; H, Indi- 458 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA I'l. ana ; 0, Michigan ; I, Wabash ; K, Williams ; and the next chapter formed, at Centre College, was called A. in regu- lar order. The convention of 1848 dropped Transylvania and Princeton, and left Miami and Western Reserve un- changed, but advanced DePauvv to A. Indiana to E, Mich- igan to Z, Wabash to H, Williams to and Centre to I, the next chapter, at Brown, being called K, and the next chapter, at Hampden-Sidney, A. The convention of 1851 did not rearrange the roll, but retained the name of Z for the Michigan chapter, which was then inactive. Between 1851 and 1854 North Caro- lina was established and called H, the Wabash chapter having died. C>hio Wesleyan was established and called 0, the last name of the inactive Williams chapter, and Hanover was also established and called I. The latter name belonged to the Centre chapter, which dropped it and took the name f)f E, belonging to the dead Indiana chapter. The chapters at Ohio University and Michigan then being revived, the former took the name of the inac- tive Brown chapter, K, and the latter, which had been named Z while inactive, exchanged that designation with the Hampden-Sidney chapter for its old name of A. All of these changes were made in pursuance of an attempt to fill up gaps in the alphabetical list, caused by the death of some of the chapters. The convention of 1854 considered the matter care- fully, and again rearranged the roll as follows. A, Mi- ami : H. Western Reserve ; T, Jefferson ; A, DePauw ; E, CHANGES OF CHAPTER NAMES. 459 Centre ; Z, Hampden-Sidney ; H, North Carolina ; 0, Ohio Wesleyan ; I, Hanover ; K, Ohio University ; A, Michigan. And these names remained unchanged until 1880. The dead chapters were called prime chapters, and were des- ignated by the Greek letters followed by an accent ('). Harvard was called H', Princeton 0', Williams I', Brown K' ; and when the Indiana chapter was revived it was called n, and the Wabash chapter T. in regular order. The chapters formed after this until the alphabet was exhausted were M, Cumberland; N, Washington (Pa.) : H, Knox ; O, Virginia : IT. Indiana ; P. Washington (Mo.); 2, IlHnois: T, Wabash; Y, South Carolina; $. Davidson ; X, Oglethorpe ; X, Beloit ; *. Bethany ; Q. United States Naval Academy, the letter "X" being giv- en to two chapters through some mistake. When the alphabet was exhausted, the roll was con- tinued by doubling the letters — A A, B B. FT, etc., and the chapters were so named down to M M, in 1872. The convention of that year changed this system, and. instead of doubling the letters, prefixed "A" to the letters in regular order, so A A, remaining as before, B B Iowa, be- came A B ; r r, Wittenberg, A r ; A A. Westminister, A A ; E E, Iowa Wesleyan, A E ; Z Z, Chicago, A Z ; H H. Denison, A H, 0, V. M. I., A ; II, Washington , A I ; K K, Richmond, A K ; A A, Wooster, A A ; M M, Howard, A M. The Chicago chapter's name, however, needs especial mention. It was, when established, called A A, in regular order. Then the alumni chapter at Nash- ville, which had been called Z Z, surrendered that name 460 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. when it was decided to name the alumni chapters upon l different plan, and the name Z Z, was g;iven to the Chi- cago chapter, and this was changed to A Z in 1872. Upon its revival in 1893 this chapter was called A P. The convention of 1873 changed the name of the T chapter to r N, in token of the fact that the chapter at Washington & Jefferson College was formed by the union of the r at Jeft'erson and the N at Washington. The convention of 1874 called the united chapter the N, but the convention of 187(i formally and finally re-christened it r. There were no changes made in the names of the chapters until the convention of 1880. The revived Har- vard chapter was then called by its old name of H, which had been used by the North Carolina chapter ; the revived Brown chapter was given the name of K. the chapter at Ohio University, which had borne it for many years, taking the name of B, the old name of Western Reserve. The new chapter at the University of Pennsyl- vania was called $, and that at Union N, the old name of the Washington chapter ; and the following changes were also made : Stevens was changed from B E to 2, Boston from A Y to Y, Northwestern from A P to P, Randolph- Macon from A H to H, and California from A fi to fi. When the W'estern Reserve chapter was revived, in 1881, the alumni earnestly desired that it should receive its old name of B, instead of that of B K. Accordingly, an exchange was effected with the Ohio chapter, which had at times borne the names of "B" and "K."' When CHANGE IN DISTRICTS. 461 the Knox chapter was revived, in 1888, it was given the name of A H, formerly that of the Randolph-Macon chapter. The Columbia chapter, formed in 1881, was called A A. the old name of the Monmouth chapter ; the Nebraska chapter, formed in 1887, was called A T, the old name of the William & Mary chapter, and the Penn- sylvania State chapter, formed in 1887, was called A Y, formerly belonging to Boston, while the Denver chapter was called A Z, and the Syracuse chapter B E — the former one of the names of the old Chicago chapter, and the latter the first name of the Stevens chapter. When the David- son chapter was revived, it was called 4> A, and when the North Carolina chapter was revived it was called H B. their former names having been $ and H, respectively. We do not recall any other changes in the chapter nomenclature. For the past few years the names of the chapters have been arbitrarily selected without any refer- ence to their alphabetical sequence, and this plan has given better satisfaction to the individual chapters. It is to be regretted that so many changes in names have oc- curred, but under the system now in vogue, of using the name of the institution to designate the chapter, its loca- tion is promptly recognized, and the confusion incident to the continual use of Greek names is avoided. THE DISTRICTS OF THE FRATERNITY. Throughout the literature of the fraternity there is constant reference to the Districts into which the fratern- ity has been divided geographically and a statement of 462 HANDBOOK ()|- BETA THETA PI. what chapters were inclucled in the districts at different times is given here in order that the references may be understood. The fraternity was the tirst lu i)rovide such a group- ing of chapters for purposes of administration and in this respect its example has been followed by the more pro- gressive societies. The districts were first established in 1ST3 and were arranged as follows : I. Centre. Ohio Wesleyan, Ohio, Washington & Jef- ferson, Wittenberg. Denison, Wooster. II. DePauw. Hanover, Indiana. Wabash. III. Hampden-Sidney, Virginia, Washington & Lee, Bethany. V. M. I, Richmond, Howard, Randolph-Macon. IV. Beloit, Monmouth. Westminster. Wisconsin, Northwestern. \'. Kansas, Trinity (Tex). In 184T Districts l\ and \' were changed as follows: IV. Beloit. Monmouth, Wisconsin and Northwestern. A'. Wc'stiiiinster. Washington (Mo.), Kansas, Trin- ity. In 187() they were re-arranged. Ill was changed to I, I to II, II to III, Michigan and Chicago were added to TV. and Iowa Wesleyan to V. Later in the year Denison and Dickinson were added to XL In ISIT the William and Mary Chapter was added to I, and the Boston University chapter to V after Kansas. Later in the year Boston was changed to TI, so that at CHANGE IN DISTRICTS. 463 the end of the year 1897 they stood : I Hampden-Sidney, Virginia, Washington & Lee, Bethany, \'. M. I. Randolph- Macon, WilHam & Mary, Virginia State. II Centre, Ohio Wesleyan, Ohio, Washington & Jef- ferson, Wittenberg, Wooster, Dickinson, Boston. III DePauw, Hanover, Indiana and Wabash. IV Michigan, Beloit, Monmouth, Wisconsin. North- western. V Westminster, Iowa Wesleyan, Washington (Mo.), Trinity, Kansas. They remained practically vmchanged in this arrange- ment until the fall of 1879 except that Johns Hopkins was added to I, and Butler to III. In 1879 when the Alpha Sigma Chi Chapters were ad- mitted Districts II, III, IV and V were renumbered III, IV, V and VI and a new district II was created com- prising Washington & Jefferson, Dickinson, Boston, Rut- gers, Cornell, Stevens, St. Lawrence, and Maine. Ken- yon was added to new District III, Mississippi to IV and California to VI. At the opening of the college year 1880, a further ar- rangement was made into seven districts, as follows : I Hampden-Sidney, Virginia, Bethany, V. M. I., Rich- mond, Randolph-Macon, Virginia State, Johns Hopkins. II Harvard, Brown, Boston, Maine. III Washington & Jefferson, Stevens, Pennsylvania, Dickinson, Rutgers, Cornell, St. Lawrence. IV Ohio, Ohio Wesleyan, Wittenberg, Denison, Wooster and Kenyon. 464 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. \' DePauw, Centre. Hanover, Cumberland, Indiana, Wabash, Butler. Mississippi. VI Michigan. Beloit. Wisconsin, Northwestern. \'II California. Iowa, Westminister, Iowa Wesleyan, Kansas Trinity. When Eugene Wambaugh became General Secretary he divided the chapters into nine districts, as follows : I Harvard. Brown. Boston, Maine. II Union. Stevens, Columbia, Rutgers. Cornell, St. Lawrence, Colgate. III Washington & Jefiferson, Pennsylvania, Bethany, Dickinson. Johns Hopkins. IV Hampden-Sidney, Randolph-Macon, Virginia, Richmond. \' Centre, Cumberland. Mississippi. VI Ohio, Ohio Wesleyan, Wittenberg, Dcnison, Wooster. Kenyon, Western Reserve. VII DePauw, Hanover, Indiana, Wabash. \TII Northwestern, Beloit, Iowa, Iowa Wesleyan, Wisconsin. IX California, Westminster, Kansas. This arrangement remained the same, so far as the geographical grouping was concerned, for many years, except for additions, although Bethany was moved into District VI and Michigan into VII. At the close of the college year 1S9G-7 the following was the arrangement: I Harvard, Brown, Boston, Maine, Amherst, Dart- mouth, Weslevan, Yale. CHANGE IN DISTRICTS. 465 II Rutgers, Cornell, Stevens, St. Lawrence, Colgate, Union, Columbia, Syracuse. III Washington & Jefferson, Pennsylvania, Dickinson, Johns Hopkins, Pennsylvania State, Lehigh. IV Hampden-Sidney, North Carolina, Virginia, Dav- idson. V Centre, Cumberland, Mississippi, Vanderbilt, Texas. VI Miami, Cincinnati, Western Reserve, Ohio, Beth- any, Ohio Wesleyan, Wittenberg, Denison, Wooster, Kenyon, Ohio State. VII DePauw, Indiana, Michigan, Wabash, Hanover. VIII Knox, Beloit, Iowa, Chicago, Iowa Wesleyan, Wisconsin, Northwestern, Minnesota. IX Westminster, Kansas, California, Denver, Nebras- ka, Missouri, Stanford. In the fall of 1897 a few changes were made. Michi- gan was changed from VII to VIII and California and Stanford were taken from IX and formed into a new dis- trict X. Down to the fall of 1900 this distribution continued with the necessary additions. Bowdoin was added to I, West Virginia and Case to VI, Purdue to VII, Illinois and Iowa State to VIII, Colorado to IX and Washington State to X. The General Secretary then thought it wise to divide Districts I and II and VI and to re-arrange some of the others so that the chapters are now grouped as given be- low, and they are likely to remain in such relation for a long time. 466 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. I Amherst, lloston, Bowdoin, r>ro\vn, Dartmouth, Maine. II Columbia, Rutgers, Stevens. Wesleyan, Yale. I I I Colgate, Cornell, St. Lawrence, Syracuse, Toronto, Union. IV Dickinson. Johns Hopkins. Lehigh, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania State, Washington & Jefferson. V Davidson, Hampden-Sidney, North Carolina. Vir- ginia. \ I Central, Texas, Vanderbilt. VII Bethany, Cincinnati, Miami, Ohio, Ohio State, West Virginia, Wittenberg. \ ill Case. Denison, Kenyon. ( )hio, Wesleyan. Wes- tern Reserve, Wooster. IX DePauw, Hanover, Indiana. Purdue, Wabash. X Beloit, Chicago, Illinois, Knox. Michigan, Xorth- wcstcrn. Wisconsin. XI Iowa. Iowa State, Iowa \\'cslc\an, Minnesota, Ne- braska. XII Colorado, Denver. Kansas, Missouri, Washington, Westminster. XIII California, Stanford, Washington State. MEMBERS nil' STATISTICS. The following table of membership was prepared by James T. Brown. Keeper of the Rolls, and represents the membership at the close of the college year 190G-7. Inactive chapters are named in italics. TABLE OF MEMBERSHIP. 467 Total Living Dead Total Trant- Enroll- Initiates Initiates Initiates fcrs ment Amherst 246 14 260 8 26S Beloit 181 30 211 2 213 Bethany 188 32 220 1 221 Boston 235 16 251 4 255 Bowdoin 71 .. 71 1 72 Brown 242 26 268 5 273 Butler 15 4 19 1 20 California 177 3 180 7 187 Case 96 2 9i3 1 99 Centenary 9 23 32 .. 32 Central 241 89 330 8 338 Chicago 114 . . 114 9 123 Cincinnati 133 17 150 3 153 Colgate 241 13 254 . . 254 Colorado 72 1 73 4 77 Columbia 129 8 137 9 146 Cornell 223 19 242 28 270 Cumberland 192 70 262 9 271 Dartmouth 477 82 559 1 560 Davidson 153 16 169 . . 169 Denison 178 19 197 . . 197 Denver 90 4 94 5 99 DePauw 319 132 451 7 458 Dickinson 171 19 190 1 191 Emory 19 37 56 .. 56 Georgia 10 28 38 . . 38 Hampden-Sidney 143 78 221 3 224 Hanover 171 57 228 4 232 Harvard 103 16 119 17 136 Howard 36 7 43 . . 43 Illinois College 13 13 26 1 27 Illinois 72 72 10 82 Indiana 279 74 353 14 367 468 IIAXDUUOK OK BETA THETA PI. Living Initiates Iowa State 63 Iowa 211 Iowa Wesleyan 199 Johns Hopkins 152 Kansas 240 Kenyon 112 Knox 166 Lehigh 72 Maine 232 Miami 165 Michigan 266 Minnesota 151 Mississip/^i 149 Missouri 306 Monmouth 42 Naval Academy 4 Nebraska 149 North Carolina 126 Northwestern 212 Oglethorpe 9 Ohio 184 Ohio State 147 Ohio Wesleyan 301 Oklahoma 24 Pennsylvania 163 Penn'a State 130 Princeton 8 Purdue 45 Randolph-Macon 67 Richmond 98 Rutgers 157 St. Lawrence 184 South Carolina 10 Total Dead Total Trans- Enroll- Initiates Initiates fers ment . . . . 63 . . 63 14 225 10 235 28 227 1 228 12 164 7 171 19 259 8 267 6 118 4 122 :;i 197 2 199 . . . . 72 13 85 18 250 250 100 265 11 276 76 342 31 373 5 156 8 164 39 188 1 189 29 335 5 340 9 51 , , 51 2 6 3 9 1 150 . . 150 42 168 5 173 9 221 6 227 5 14 1 15 61 245 . , 245 1 154 22 176 69 370 7 377 24 n 174 13 187 1 131 131 19 27 . . 27 45 7 52 8 75 75 20 118 1 119 9 166 1 167 17 201 201 10 20 20 TABLE OF MEMBERSHIP. 469 Total Living Dead Total Trans- Enroll- Initiates Initiates Initiates fcrs ment Stanford 80 2 82 r, 90 Stevens 153 15 168 8 176 Syracuse 244 34 278 1 279 Texas 126 5 131 8 139 Toronto 25 1 26 .. 26 Transylvania 8 13 21 . . 21 Trinity 42 8 50 . . 50 Union 121 13 134 2 136 Vanderbilt 130 12 142 5 147 Virginia 265 66 331 40 371 V.M.I 49 18 67 2 69 Virginia State 25 4 29 1 30 Wabash 188 55 243 8 251 Washington-Jefferson 211 126 337 7 344 Washington & Lee 47 33 80 1 81 Washington State 63 2 65 3 68 Washington 85 9 94 2 96 Wesleyan 1S6 69 255 1 256 Western Reserve 178 61 239 4 243 Westminster 144 25 169 .. 169 West Virginia 56 56 5 61 William and Mary 6 6 12 2 14 Williams 3 8 11 .. 11 Wisconsin 233 17 250 13 263 Wittenberg 205 16 221 . . 221 Wooster 183 18 201 13 214 Yale 177 3 180 12 192 12816 2265 15057 476 15557 CHAPTER XX. The Convention Roll. i8jJ2. Cincinnati, August 15, 16. Officers. — President, Thomas G. Mitchell; Secretaries, W. E. Blackburn, Alexander Paddack ; Orator, A. W. Hamilton. Delegates. — Miami, A. W. Hamilton, William E. Blackburn, John A. Collins, James J. Berry; Cincinnati, Thomas G. Mitch- ell, Henry Snow, John H. Jones, Alexander Paddack, Jacob Burnett, John C. Zachos, Thompson L. Brown, John L. Scott; Western Reserve, B. F. Millard, Thomas M. Oviatt ; Ohio, John M. Bush. 1847. Cincinnati, O., May 14, 15. Officers. — President, George Hoadly; Vice President, Isa- iah Little ; Secretary, Varnum D. Collins. Delegates. — Miami Isaiah Little, L. G. Hay, S. S. Laws; Cincinnati. Stanley Matthews, John A. Collins, Alexander Pad- dack, Thomas G. Mitchell, Henry Snow ; Wabash, Varnum D. Collins ; Western Reserve, George Hoadly, Ebenezer Bushnell, Charles W. Palmer, T. S. Paine; Jefferson, J. Todd Edgar; Michigan, George L. Becker ; DePauw, Thomas Reagan, A. W. Reagan. 1848. Hudson, O., August 8, g. OFFicmsi. — President^ Charles R. Pierce ; Vice President, Robert W. Smith ; Secretary, Wyllys C. Ransom ; Assistant, T. S. Paine ; Orator, Halbert E. Paine. Delegates. — Western Reserve, Ebenezer Bushnell, Thomas Dogget, Charles A. Norton, Charles W. Palmer, Charles R. Pierce, R. A. Sawyer, H. C. Gaylord, William H. Upson, Karl (47n 472 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Ruger, T. D. Nutting, Lemuel Bissell, J. G. Graliani, G. E. Paine, H. E. Paine, Theo. S. Paine, Henry P. Sandford, Will- iam S. Aumock, J. S. Newberry, William C. Turner ; Michigan S. D. Miller, George L. Becker, W. C. Ransom. J. W. Walker; Williams, A. P. Carpenter, R. W. Smith; Centre, K. Vance Moore. 1851. Pittsburgh, Pa., August 7, 9. Officers. — President, H. S. Martin; J'ice President, Rollin A. Sawj-er; Secretaries, A. M. I'^itcli, IX K. Stevenson; Orator, Jacob Winters. Delkgates. — Western Reserve, R. A. Sawyer, D. Taylor, R. W. Smith, A. M. Fitch; Jefferson, Henry S. Martin, W. H. Pyle, Henry M. Smith, A. D. Hepburn, G. W. Clarke, F. L. Stewart, J. M. Clarke, Rush Clark, J. P. Sterrett, J. P." Penney. Levi Penney, D. R. Stevenson, H. Quail, M. S. Quay, John Weaver, Jacob Winters, C. R. Letherman, A. AL Reid, T. J. Griffin. 1854. Cincinnati, O., August 16, 17. Officers. — President George K. Clarke; Vice Presidents, George Hoadly, F. R. Dorman, E. W. MuUiken, Samuel Mc- Kce, Mark L. DeMotte, D. W. McClung; Secretaries, T. H. Urmston, William E. Hunt. Delegates. — Miami, William J. Beatty, D. W. McClung, George K. Clarke, Albert S. Berry, John J. Glenn; Western Reserve, George Hoadly ; Jefferson, William E. Hunt ; De- Pauw, William M. Daily, F. R. Dorman, Mark L. DeMotte, Ira G. Grover, John S. Tarkington ; Centre, James F. McKee, Sam- uel McKee, .Alexander Buckner, Thomas H. Urmstron, B F. Blackburn ; Hanover, Harry Keigwin ; Ohio, E. W. Mulliken. 1856. Louisville, Ky.. August, 13-13. Officers..— President, D. W. McClung; Secretary, Harry Keigwin ; Orator. J. L. McKee. Delegates.— M/a;nj. L M. Hughes, D. W. McClung. J. A. CONVENTION OF 1864. 473 Battle, T. H. Rogers, John Woods; Jefferson. I. P. Houston, William McGregor ; DePaiiw, A. D. Lynch, J. Howard, B. F. Crary; Centre, J. F. McKee, Sam McKee, A. W. Irvine, H. B. Boude ; North Carolina, J. E. Lindsay; Ohio Wesleyan, Charles Parrot, J. A. Hamilton ; Hanover, William L Craddock, J. A. Cooper, C A. Johnso.n, Harry Keigwin, Alex. Hunter, J. K. Patterson, W. K. Patterson, G. W. McCauley, B. K. Smoot, J. E. Rankin, H. C. Warren; Ohio, J. P. Safford ; Cumberland, S. C. Love; IVashington (Pa.), J. W. Hughes; Indiana. W. Evans. 1S5S. Berkeley Springs, Va., August 13-16. Officers. — President. W. A. Hanway ; I'ice Presidents, Miles Saunders, R. L. Caruthers ; Secretary, D. H. Moore. Delegates.— Z/rFflMzc, John C. Hester; Centre, Miles Saund- ers; Ohio, D. H. Moore; Michigan. D. M. Johnson; Jefferson, W. A. Hanway; Indiana, Henry W. Ballentine ; Cumberland, R. L. Caruthers. i860. Columbus, O., August 13. Officers. President, F. C. Wilson ; Secretary, John Woods. Delegates. — Miami, John Woods, M. C. Williams, Ozro J. Dodds; Jefferson, W. B. Cook, J. L. Sample, J. M. Maxwell, W. A. Hanway; Ohio Wesleyan. J. F. Earle, W. W. Fountain, A. N. Mead, M. B. Gilbert, L R. Dickinson, C. H. Rippey ; Hanover, James Wilson; DePauzu, J. G. Dunbar; Davidson, J. P. Graham; Ohio. J. W. Short; Michigan. I. H. Elliott; IVash- ington (Va.), F. C. Wilson. 1S64. Indianapolis, August 19-^1. Officers. — President. John Roberts; Secretary, J. A. Keller. Delegates. — Miami. John Morton ; JJ^estcrn Reserve. S. E. Williamson; DePauzv, H. J. Dunbar; Indiana. John Roberts; Ohio. W. O. Young; Michigan, J. B. Root; Hanover, J. A. Dean, J A. Kellar. 474 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. 1865. Detroit, Mich.. February 1-2. Officers. — President , J. A. Kcllar : Secretary^ Oliver A. Brown. Delegates. — Miami. John H. Patterson ; Western Reserve, H. C. Clark, Henry M. Wright; Centre, Alfred Ryors ; Ohio IVesleyan, C. R. Bagg. O. A. Brown; Hanover, J. A. Kellar ; Michigan, Ira Olds, Sidney D. Miller. T. M. Baxter, E. C. Boudinot, W. W. Dedricks ; Indiana, H. S. McRae, E. M. Mc- Donald; JVabash. R. B. F. Pierce; DePatiw, D. G. Hamilton. 1866. Cincinnati, O., May /-j. Officers. — President, J. T. Rusk; Secretary. F. S. Hanford ; Assistant. F. C. Iglehart ; Poet, J. B. Black. Delec.vtf.s. — Miami, J. H. Patterson, R. T. Durrell, Myron Banning. J. T. Whittaker ; Western Reserve, F. S. Handford, W. L. Campbell; DePaiiw, O. R. Brouse, J. H. Lozier, F. C. Iglehart; Ohio Wesleyan, J. T. Rusk, C. A. Turner; Hanover, G. G. Dunn, E. C. Monfort, Thomas V. Thornton ; Cumber- land, C. M. Ewing; JVashington (Pa.). J. E. Moffat; Knox, F. M. Hayner ; Indianapolis, O. T. Gillctt; Wabash, James R. Carnahan. 7^67. Indianapolis, April 10-12. Officers. — President, John Cohurn ; Vice President, John Ovcrmeyer; Secretary, L. B. Wilson; Assistant. James R. Carnahan. Delegates.' — Miami, E. S. Scott; Western Reserve, H. H. Rice ; DePauzv, John Overmeyer, C. F. Goodwin ; JVabash, John Cohurn, J. R. Carnahan; Indiana, L. B. Wilson; Ohio. D. H. Moore ; Cumberland, H. IT. Lurton. 1868. Nashville. Tenn.. .fuly i-i-i/. Officers. — President, R. L. Caruthers ; Secretaries. H. L. ' List incomplete. CONVENTION OF 1870. 475 Bently, H. C. Warren, S. R. Cockrill, W,. S. Davis; Orator, James W. Blackmore. Delegates. — Active Chapters — Miami. P. N. Moore; West- ern Reserve, P. A. Otis ; DePauw, W. L. Johnston, J. W. Lov- ett ; Hampden-Sidney, A. L. Robertson; Ohio Wcslcyan, C. E. Stanley; Cumberland, Hamilton Parks; Washington, (Va), J. W. Allison; Wabash, C. H. Little; Hanover, Harry C. Warren, O. Ww Shryer; Virginia, Z. W. Ewing; Centre, H. B. Boude ; lozi'a University, J. D. Glass; Monmouth, Eli Caruthers. Alumni Chapters. — Nashville, T. H. Cahal. 1869. Columbus, O., July 7-9. Officers. — President. R. W. Smith; J 'ice President, Allison Maxwell; Secretary, Henry B. Young; Assistant, J. M. Thomp- son ; Chaplain, Hugh Boyd ; Orator, E. B. Stevens ; Poet, J. H. Lozier. Delegates. — Active Chapters — Miami. J. W. Short; De- Pauti.; E. H. Terrell and J. W|. Lovett; Hanover, J. M. Thomp- son; Ohio, Henry C. Will; Cumberland. R. V. Foster; Indiana, Allison Maxwell; Monmouth, Henry B. Young; Westminster, T. W. Shaw : lozva JVcsleyan, W. G. Wilson ; Denison, Henry A. Delano, C. J. Seaman ; Chicago, R. W. Smith ; Virginia, Shep- ard Barclay; Wittenberg, C. F. Hormel; Wabash, W. T. Haines; Washington (Mo.), Shepard Barclav; Ohio Wesleyan, Hermus Cronkleton. Alumni Chapters. — Chicago, O. R. Brouse. i8yo. Chicago, III., August 31 to September 2. Officers. — President. James B. Black; Jlce President, James W. Blackmore; Secretary, W. M. Salter; Assistant. E. H. Ter- rell. Delegates. — Active Chapters — Miami, Roger Williams ; De- Pauw, Frost Craft; Hampden-Sidney, J. W. Rosebro ; Ohio Wesleyan, J. N. Irvin : Hanover, J. O. Stilson ; Ohio, D. H. Moore; Cumberland, J. A. Trousdale, James W. Blackmore; 476 HAxnnooK of niiTA theta pi. Knox. J. S. Castle; Indiana. R. \V. Miers; Wabash, L. S. Smith; Montnouth. George J. Gordon; lozca University, W. B. Craig; Wittenberg. F. C. Horniel; Westminster, H. S. Priest; lon'a IVesleyan. J. E. Corley ; Chicago, O. C. Wcller ; Denison, Charles J. Seaman; Washington (Mo.), George R. Lockwood. Alumni Chapters. — Chicago, E. B. Chandler, D. G. Hamil- ton; Louisville, Harry C. Warren. 1871. Indianapolis. August 30, 31, to September I. Officers. — President. Oliver P. Morton; Vice President. Thomas S. AlcClelland ; Secretary, Henry A. Biichtel ; Assist- ant. J. W. Shackelford; Chaplain. Oliver A. Brown; Orator, H. R. Xaylor; Poet, E. E. Edwards. Delegates. — Active Chapters — Miami, Roger Williams ; Dc- Pauzc, H. A. Buchtel; Ohio Wesleyan, O. A. Brown; Hanover. M. S. Coulter; Ohio, A. J. Michael; Knox, J. J. Parks; I'ir- ginia, Harry C. Warren; Indiana, J. A. New.; Washington & Lee, Wi O. Roberts; Wabash, L. M. Vance; Monmouth, J. R. Berry; JVitfenberg, J. C. Kauffman ; lozca Wesleyan, J. E. Cor- ley; Denison, C. J. Seaman; Washington, (Mo.), J. W. Shack- elford. Alumni Chapters. — Chicago, T. S. McClelland: Indianapolis. J. B. Black; Louisville, H. S. Wilson. 1872. Richmond, Va.. August 21-24. Officer.s. — President, William Allan; Vice President, Charles J. Seaman; Secretary, Charles D. Walker; Assistant. William H. Kent; Chaplain, Rev. Thomas L. Preston. Delegates. — Active Chapters — DePauzv, A. N. Grant; Hampden-Sidney, J. A. Sanderson ; Hanover, E. J. Brown ; Ohio, W. H. G. Adncy ; Washington (Pa.), Eugene W. Hoge ; Virginia, John S. Wise; Indiana. G. S. Mitcliell ; Washington & Lee, W. N. Johnston; Wabash, William H. Kent; Bethany. J. H. Anderson ; Monmouth, George C. Rankin ; lozva Wesleyan, CONVENTION OF 1875. 477 Frank Mahan ; Dcnison. Charles J. Seaman; ]'. M . I., Charles D. Walker; Richmond, J. Ad. French. Alumni Chapters. — Chicago. O. R. Bronse; Cincinnati, John I. Covington ; Richmond, W. A. Thorn. 1873. Cincinnati, December 2g to January i, 1874. Officers. — President, W. C. Ransom; Vice President, Thad. A. Reamy ; Chaplain, O. A. Hills ; Secretary), Al. Baker ; As- sistant, D. H. Chenej' ; Scrgcant-at-Arms. H. R. Smith; Orator, Stanley Matthews ; Poet, Earl Cranston. Delegates. — Active Chapters — DePauiv, A. N. Grant; Cen- tre, William Ayres ; Ohio IVesleyan, W. S. Cowen ; Hanover, W. S. Acomb; Ohio, C. H. Dixon; Washington & Jefferson. D. S. Cooper; Knox, M. P. Drury; Indiana, T. T. Rose; Wash- ington & Lee, W. O. Roberts ; Wabash, Al. Baker ; Bethany, J. H. Nesslage, J. S. Lowe; Monmouth, W. T. Rankin; Witten- berg, X W. McKinnon ; Westminster, W. A. Barr ; Dcnison, B .S. Keys; V. M. I., C. D. Walker; Wooster, F. Taggart, J. W. Thompson ; Kansas, W. C. Ransom ; Wisconsin, W. F. Boyd ; Northzvestern, D. H. Cheney. Alumni Chapters.— Louisville, F. C. Wilson; Cincinnati, Arthur Stern ; Evansvillc, T. R. McPherson. 1875. Evansvillc, Ind., August 25-27. Officers. — President, W. C. Ransom; Vice President, Luke Wood; Secretary, George C. Rankin; Assistant, Fred Terrell; Chaplain, Earl Cranston; Seargant-at-Arms, F. R. Eversall. Delegates. — Active Chapters — Washington & Jefferson. R. H. Young; DePauzv, C. R. Hammond; Centre, J. H. Skinner; Ohio Wesleyan, G. M. Halm; Hanover, S. W. Black; Ohio, A. B. Richardson; Michigan, J. J. Shields. A. N. Grant; Virginia, H. C. Warren; Indiana, J. B. Morrison; JVabash, C. H. Mc- Carter. Monmouth, George C. Rankin ; Wittenberg, B. O. Cowan Westminister, J R. Dobyns ; Kansas, L. D. L. Tosh, W. C. Ransom ; Northwestern, C. J. Goodenow. 478 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Alumni Chapters. — Chicago, D. M. Cheney; Indianapolis. E. H. Terrell; Louisville. Eugene Warren; Cincinnati, R. Har- vey Young ; Evansvillc, Luke Wood. 1876. Philadelphia. July, 5-7. Officers. — President, Charles 1). Walker; Vice President, J. M. Goodspeed; Secretary, F. C. McMillin; Assistant, H. R. Cook; Chaplain, E. Dcvinc ; Scrgeant-at-Artns, H. Y. Black. Df.le(;ates. — Washington & Jefferson, T. S. Brown; De- Pauw, C. R. Hammond; Ohio IVeslcyan, W. E. Dennison ; Hanover, J. C. Thompson; Ohio, J. M. Goodspeed; Michigan. D. A. Garwood ; Knox, H. S. Hitchcock ; Bethany. J. A. Oram : Monmouth. J. A. Rohison ; Westminster. J. E. Powell; Deni- son. W. H. Pritchard; Trinity, R. J. Haynes : F. M. I., Charles D. Walker; Woostcr, E. P. Dean: Kansas. William Osborn ; Wisconsin. H. R. Cook; Northivcstcrn, E. M. Kinman ; Dick- inson, Henry Shirk; William & Mary, E. H. Harrison; Wa- bash, D. R. Bishop. 1877. Detroit, August, 13-17. Oi-FiLEKS. — President, W. A. Mooro ; J 'ice President, C. J Seaman; Secretary, Fred Terrell; Chaplain. B. L. Smith; Ser- geant-al-Arms, John S. Goodwin; Poet, J. H. Lozier. Delecates. — Actinic Chaptrrs — DePauic, C. R. Hammond : Oliio Wesleyan. W. O. Robb ; Michigan, J. H. Grant; Indiana, O. Z. Hubbell; Monmouth, J. W. McCoy; Wittenberg, J. M. Lawrence; Woostcr, R. C. Rankin; Kansas, J. A. Wickersham ; Northwestern, G. E. Ackcrman ; Boston, C. C. Williams. Alumni Chapters — Chicago, J. A. Burhans ; Indianapolis, John S. Goodwin; Cincinnati, Geo. B. Fox; Evansville, Wal- ter Thayer. 7'ig, Jacob Brilles ; Providence, E. P. Allen, William T. Ma- gruder. 1883. St. Louis, Mo., August 26-28. Officers. — President, B. Gratz Brown; Vice Presidents, W. C. Ransom, J. Cal. Hanna, T. D. Marshall; Secretary, W. T. Smith ; Assistants, C. A. Hall, B. H. Charles ; Marshal, W. G. Hyde; Assistant, M. G. Park. Delegates. — Active Chapters — Harvard. Chambers Baird; Brozvn. W. F. Angell ; Stevens, C. A. Hall, Thomas G. Smith ; Cornell, George F. Saal ; St. Lazvrence, P. P. Barnes; Johns Hopkins, Lee Sale; Richmond, C. D. Roy, Paul Y. Tupper; Vir- ginia, George R. Lockwood ; Bethany, J. F. Witmer ; Centre. S. D. Roser, Lee Dunlap ; Mississippi, T. D. Marshall ; Ohio IVes- leyan, M. G. Park; Wooster. J. Cal. Hanna; Ohio, W. G. Hyde; DePauzv, J. G. Campbell, Frank M. Joyce. William Tglehart; Michigan. Charles L. A,ndrews, F. S. Velde, W. Teis Smith; Beloit, John R. Montgomery; Wisconsin, Joshua N. Sanborn; lozva. C. M. Porter; lozva Wesleyan, Will B. Hanna; West- minster, W. R. Dobj-ns. B. TT. Charles, F. W. Sneed ; Kansas, Charles D Dean, Pliny L. Soper, Cliarles E. Parker. 1886. Cincinnati, August, 25-27. Officers. — President, Frank M. Joyce; Vice Presidents, J. B. Ellis, Charles M. Hepburn, R. S. Maison; Secretary, Eugene Wambaugh; Assistants. G. C. Cox, J. H. McKenzie; Marshall. W. H. Pfau ; Assistant. J. R. Montgomery. CONVENTION OF 1887. 4S5 Delegates. — Active Chapters — Harvard, Clinton Collins, Fai- gene Wambaugh, Alfred Gaither ; Maine State, R. K. Jones ; Boston, J. H. McKenzie, A. C. Poole; Amherst, Homer Card; Stevens, J. L. Coker, Jr., R. H. Smith, C. A. Hall; Cornell, G F. Saal,, W. H. Pfaii; St. Lazvrence, W. T. Cristler, W. L. Cat;n: Union, A. J. Dillingham, Kelton C. Radliflf; Colgate, W. H. Crawshaw ; Johns Hopkins, H. H. Wiegand, Edgar Goodman; Washington & Jefferson, R. Harvey Young; Pennsylvania, R. S. Ma-ison ; Dickinson. F. M. Welsh; J'irginia, J. F. McLeod, J. T. Edwards. C. M. Hepburn; Richmond, E. B. Pollard, C. D. Roy; Centre. W. E. Bryce, H. L. Briggs ; I'anderbilt, J. B. Rob- ertson, J. W. McClure, J. B. Ellis; Miami. Shaler Berry, J. N. Brown; Western Reserve, E. A. Clark; Ohio IVesleyan, E. L. Shannon, S. P. Withrow, Guy M. Clarke, Wittenberg, A. H. Smith, C. K. Mower, G. A. Billow; Denison, H. J. Kendig, C. S. Sprague, E. A. Williams ; Wooster, D. F. Conrad, G. A. Shives, W. W. Barnett ; Kenyon, H. C. Devin, A. C. Whitaker, G. C. Cox ; Ohio, G. W. Reed, E. B. Skinner ; Ohio State. W. G. Hyde, W. H. Siebert, Julius Floto ; DePauzv, J. L. Benedict, Harry Bowser. J. J. Hammond ; Hanoz'er. J. E. Abrams. J. C. Clemmons, T. R. Bridges; Michigan, L. B. Lee; Indiana, J. S Shannon ; Wabash, R. S. Thompfon. F. W. Boudinot, A. A. Mc- Cain ; Northzvcstcrn, D. H. Bloom, C. N. Zueblin ; Beloif. J. R. Montgomery ; Wisconsin, S. S. Cook ; loiva, Marvin H. Dey; Iowa Wesleyan, W. B. Hanna, C. R. Wooden, E. F. Smith; Westminster, R. L. Simpson. Alumni Chapters. — Cincinnati. John I. Covington, W. F. Boyd, F. M. Joyce; Cleveland, Charles J. Seaman. 188/. W ooglin-on-Chautauqua, July 20-23. Officers. — President. James A. Beaver; l^ice Presidents. John I. Covington, A. P. Sumner. George C. Manly; .Secretary, Wilbur H. Siebert; Assistants, F. C. Whitehead, R. S. Maison , Marshal. L. E. Judson ; Assistant, h. Montgomery. Deleg.vtes — Active Chapters — Harvard. Chambers Baird. Jr. 486 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PI. Brozi'H, E. P. Allen, A. P. Sumner. A. P. Hoyt ; Amherst, L. E Jiulson, C. B. Raymond. W. P. Smith ; Stcz'cns, H. R. Smith ; St. Latvrcncc. F. V. Adams. E. Caldwell, C. A. Rich: Cornel!. C. S. Fowler, H. Mack, J. J. Aspinwall ; Colgate, H. C. Lyman, W. H. Crawshaw. C. C. Pierce; Unhrrsity of Pennsylvania. R. S. Maison ; Dickinson, A. D. Yocum. Bethany, H. H. Rumble, W. G. King; Richmond, L. R. Mambcrlin ; Centre, H. Matthews - I'andcrbilt. S. C. Williams, C. L. Jungerman ; Western Reserve, J. E. Street, E. P. Hall. H. B. Herrick; Ohio Wesleyan, Charles S. Manley, F. M. Starr, S. R. Greer; Wittenberg, R. H. Grube. S. E. Greenawalt ; Dcnison. D. Shepardson, C. J. Seaman; Wooster. W. M. Cliamberlain, G. A. Ncsbitt ; Kenyan. H. C. Devin ; Ohio State, Wilbur H. Siebert, Howard Hagler; Miami, J. N. Brow-n, W. E. Morris; DePamu, R. F. Kerr; Michigan, R. D. Lampson. J. D. Harman ; Indiana, C. R. Madison ; Northwestern. C. N. Zueblin, F. C. Wliitchcad, W. A. Hamilton; loiva. D. Musser, P. Johnson ; Wisconsin, G. S. Cook, W. R. Smith. Alumni Chapters. — Washington, J. C. Gordon; New York, Jnlin I. Covington; Cleveland. Charles J. Seaman. 1888. Wooglin-nn-Chautauiiua. July 34-28. Officers. — President. Robert W. Smith; Vice Presidents, Charles L. Tliornburg, Frank H. Scott, H. T. Fernald ; Secre- tary. Winfield R. Smith; Assistants. Williston Manley, J. E. (iilpin; Marshal. C. N. Zueblin; Assistant. H. G. McKean ; Chaplain. A. D. Hepburn; Orator. C. D. Roys; Poet, George Clarke Cox. Deleg.\tf,s. — Active Chapters — Harvard, Chambers Baird ; Brown, Clarence E. Converse, H. L. Sanford ; Maine State, C. G. Cushman, A. P. Webster; Amherst, W. B. Doyle; Stevens, W. F. Phelps; Cornell, A. H. Grant, M. D. Makepeace, George Beebe, Jr. ; St. Lazii'ence, J. M. Atwood, Mark Manley, George R. Hardie; Colgate. H. G. McKean, Frank A. Gallup, Charles A. Lemon ; JVashington & Jefferson, James S. Ramsay, G. W. CONVENTION OF 1889. 487 F. Birch; Pennsylvania, E. H. Edsall; Dickinson, F. M. Welsh; Johns Hopkins, J. E. Gilpin, Charles E. Simon, H. T. Fernald ; Randolph-Macon, Percy Rowe ; Virginia, Harry C. Warren ; Bethany, W. R. Warren; Centre, John B. Worrall; P'anderbilt. C. L. Thornbnrg ; Western Reserve, Charles Hickok ; Ohio IVes- leyan, Francis M. Starr; Wittenberg, R. H. Grube; Denison, Will C. Sprague ; Wooster, W. M. Chamberlain ; Kenyon, Geo. C. Cox ; Ohio, Cal. Humphrey ; Ohio State, Frank S. Kershaw, W. H. Siebert ; Miami, W. J. Greer ; DePauw, Wilmer D. Glenn ; Michigan, L. R. Doud, A. D. Rich, R. D. Lampson ; Wabash, S. A. Morrison ; Northwestern, Charles N. Zueblin ; Wisconsin, Winfield R. Smith ; Kansas, Harry Buckingham, Charles E. Parker. Alumni Chapters. — Chicago, T. M. Baxter, C. D. Roys, F. H. Scott ; Washington, J. C. Gordon ; New York, John I. Coving- ton ; Cincinnati, A. D. Hepburn ; Cleveland, Charles J. Seaman. i88g. Wooglin-on-Chautauqua, July 22-27. Officers. — President, C. L. Thornburg; Vice Presidents, E. B. Chandler, W. P. Smith, C. W. Barnes; Secretary, C. N. Zueblin; Assistants, A. B. Faust, J. W. Gebhardt; Marshalls, F. M. Rooney, W. G. Newbrook. Delegates. — Active Chapters — Harvard, W. H. Siebert, Chambers Baird; Brown, C. C Converse; Boston, George R. Hoskins; Maine State, John Bird; Amherst, T. W. Jackson, D. J. Carlough ; Dartmouth, Paul Carson ; Stevens. W. F. Phelps, L. D. Wildman; Cornell, W. G. Newbrook, F. W. Ely, W. H. Austin ; St. Laivrence, S. C. Hodge, Everett Caldwell ; Colgate, B. Eldridge, E. W. Smith, C. A. Lemon ; Union, W. J. Harder, Kelton C. Radliff; Columbia, W. P. Smith; Syracuse, F. M. Rooney; Dickinson, F. W. Crowder; Johns Hopkins, A. B. Faust, Pennsylvania, R. S. Maison ; Pennsylvania State, H. W. Mitchell, A. A. Patterson; Vanderbilt, W. C. Branham, C. L. Thornburg; Miami, J. L. Pythian, W. O. Mussey; Ohio, S. S. Humphrey; Bethany, E. O. Lovett, D. L. Pendleton; Witten- 488 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. berg. J. W. Gchhart ; Dcnison, Dan. Shcpardson ; Wooster, Rob- ert M. Shannon ; Kenyan, W. K. L. Warwick ; Ohio State, F. E. Pomercne ; DcPaun', E. I. Antrim; Indiana, F. C. Davis; Mich- igan, J. D. Harmon, R. D. Lampson, A. D. Rich; Wabash, F. H. Boudinot ; Hanover, John A. Carnagey ; Wisconsin, C. B. Bird ; Northivestern; II. E. Briggs, C. N. Zucblin, F. C. Whitehead; California. C. W. Barnes. Chicago Alumni. — T. M. Baxter, E. B. Chandler, W. A. Hamilton. i8o ; In- diana. Harry W. McDowell; Michigan, R. W. Dunn. H. B. Otis and G. M. Chandler; Wabash. H. O. Allen; Knox. L. C. May- CONVENTION OF 1895. 493 nard; Bcloit. N. E. Catlin, J. J. Moore and F. C. Jewell; Chi- cago, W. P. Behan and H. J. Smith; Iowa Wesleyan, J. A. Rominger: Wisconsin, L. M. Wkrd ; Northwestern, E. H. Evers ; Minnesota, H. H. Chapman; Westminster, W. E. Russell; Kansas. C. W. Miller; California. W. H. Gorrill ; Denver. J. W. Sylvester ; Nebraska, J. B. Becher ; Missouri, K. Stone. Alumni Delegates. — Chicago, Henry M. Echlin ; Columbus, J. Cal. Hanna, Ralph K. Jones, W. H. Sicbert ; Cincinnati, Thad A. Reamy, Charles M. Hepburn, C. J. McDiarmid; Nashville, Charles L. Thornburg; Neiv York, John I. Covington, James T. Brown; Pittsburg, A. A. Patterson, H. W. Mitchell; St. Paul. F. D. Monfort; Providence, H. S. Babcock. 1895. Chicago, July 23-27. •si- Officers. — President, Dr. T. A. Reamy; First Vice Pre d'ent, W. A. Hamilton; Second Vice President, E. Bruce Chand- ler; Third Vice President. James T. Brown; Secretary. Wil- liam R. Baird; Second Secretary. E. F. Coffin; Third Secretary, A. A. Ewart; Fourth Secretary, O. L. Spaulding; First Mar- shal, A. R. Sheriff; Second Marshal, J. A. Gwyn. Delzgates.— Harvard, A. R. Sheriff; Yale, L. R. Conklin, B. M. Keever, W. C. Garrison ; Maine. E. E. Gibbs ; Dart- mouth. Nathan Jenks, E. S. Davidson; Broivn, A. M. Allan; Boston, L. H. Bugbee, A. P. Pratt, O. H. Powers; Amherst, Sumner Blakemore, T. C. Elliot, S. S. Parks; Wesleyan, E. F. Coffin; Rutgers, C. A. Poulson; Stevens, A. E. Whitman; Col- gate. W. B. Kelsey; Columbia, J. A. Alexander; Cornell, L. W. Simpson, C. M. Howe, H. O. Austin; St. Lawrence, W. W. Read. W. C. Hepburn, G. R. Hardie; Union. E. A. Sommer; Syracuse, R. A. Wilcox; Pennsylvania State, B. F. Fisher, Jr.; Johns Hopkins, Reid Hunt, Francis H. Sisson ; Lehigh, W. G. Whilden, H. H. Jones; Hampden-Sidney, R. C. Somerville; Virginia: W. D. Blair ; North Carolina, J. A. Gwyn, V. C. Mc- 494 HANDBOOK OF RETA THETA PI. Adoo; Centre, R. M. Hill; Texas, W. P. Lobban; Cumberland. C. R. Williamson; Vanderbilt, A. J. Jungerman ; Miami, W. M. Montgomery, C. M. Glenn, W. J. Greer; Ohio. D. H. Thomas; Western Reserve, Frank Stahl, D. B. Wolcott; Ohio Wesley- an, C. E. Hetherington ; Bethany, H. A. Watson, Ira W. Kim- mel, Ernest Garrison; Denison. W. C. Merrill, E. J. Phelps; Kenyan, J. A. Sipher; Cincinnati. O. P. Geier ; Wash- ington & Jefferson. J. A. Duncan, J. E. Duncan, Jr., T. W. Frye; Wittenberg, H. E. Simon, G. M. Cummings ; Wooster, B. R. Machatton; Ohio State, L. T. Williams, R. E. Layton; DePauzv, J. L. Gavin ; Michigan, Chas. G. Cook, H. B. Otis, G. M. Chandler : Hanover, A. B. Rouse ; Knox. E. M. Weeks, C. F. Laas, J. L. Crane: Beloit, F. W. Warner, Jr., W. E. Catlin. F. L. Pitkin; loiaa, C. T. Wright, F. M. Irish, T. R. Kimball; Chicago, E. E. Todd, C S. Beach, D. S. Trum- bull; loiva Wesleyan, E. F. LaForcc; JVisconsin, J. R. Rich- ards, J. G. Smith, O. E. Libby; Northivestem, C. W. Spofford, G. A. Ramsey, J. E. Ward ; Minnesota, R. M. Thompson, L. E. Clark, F. C. Faude; Westminster, C. H. Davis; Kansas. A. A. Ewart, C. W. Miller; California, G. M. Fisher; Denver, II. B. Young; Nebraska. B. E. Forbes, E. C. Ames; Missouri, A. E. Russell. Alumni Delegates. — Boston, E. R. Hardy; Nezv York. J. T. Brown, W. R. Baird ; Cincinnati, C. M. Hepburn. Thad. A. Reamy; Akron. O., J. Ed. Good; Mihvaukee, G. E. Herrick ; Chicago, W. Teis Smith, W. H. Ilulburt, B. B. Davis, Min- neapolis, F. M. Joyce; St. Paul, C. L. Somers ; St. Louis, M. P. I)nn-y; Nashville, C. L. Thornburg. 1896. White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., July 28-31. Officers. — President, Willis O. Robb; First Vice President, Willis Boughton; Second Vice President, Marshall P. Drury ; Third Vice President, Wilkins Bruce ; Secretary, C. J. McDiar- mid; First Assistant Secretary, E. R. James; Second Assistant Secretary, F. E. Vaughn ; Third Assistant Secretary, C. M. CONVENTION OF 1897. 495 Howe; Marshal. Arthur S. Hoffman; Assistant Marshal, T. L. Shaffer Delegates. — Harvard, Sam S. Montague ; Boston, Geo. W. Bell; Maine, Edmund C. Upton; Amherst, Harry W. Conant ; Dartmouth, Ed. K. Wordworth ; IVesleyan, Myron B. Yaw ; Yale, Alex B. Clark; Rutgers, Robt. W. Courtney; Cornell, Chas. M. Howe ; Stevens, Alex B. Macbeth ; St. Laivrence, Arthur E. Griffiths ; Colgate, Warwick S. Ford ; Union, James Wingate; Columbia, W. R. Baird ; Syracuse, Fred J. Topping; Dickinson, Jos. A. McKeehan ; Johns Hopkins. Alfred S. Hard- en ; Pennsylvania, Geo. W. Riley; Pennsylvania State, Robt. M. McKinley ; Lehigh, Francis D. Amen; North Carolina. Francis A. Gudger ; Virginia, Stephen A. Ellison ; Hampden-Sidney, A. D. P. Gilmour ; Davidson, P. F. Henderson ; Centre, H. Lucius, Montgomery ; Cumberland, Albert G. Caldwell ; Vanderbilt, Jas. B. Hildebrand ; Cincinnati, W. D. Palmer ; Ohio, Frank W. Moulton ; Ohio Wesleyan, Frank C. Goodrich ; Bethany, Alfred W. Place; Wittenberg, Edward H. Collis, A. H. Denison, W. C. Merrill; Kenyon, J. J. Dimon; Ohio State, Arthur S. Hoff- man ; DcPauw, Eugene C. Shireman ; Indiana, William A. Shry- er; Michigan; Geo. M. Chandler; Hanover, Roy S. Eastman; Knox, Chas. F. Lass ; Beloit, Royal C. Sercomb ; lozva, Ray- mond E. Peck; Chicago, F. E. Vaughn; Iowa Wesleyan. Aaron V. Blackford; Wisconsin, Ossian T. Waite ; Northzvcstevn. Geo. H. Miller ; Minnesota, H. H. Woodman ; Westminster. E. A. Neel; Kansas, Harold W. Smith; California, Otto F. Wede- meyer; Denver, Thos. L. Schaffer; Nebraska, Fred C. Cooley; Missouri, W. H. Dulaney; Stanford. Harry C. Hazzard. Alumni Chapters. — Cincinnati. T. A. Reamy, C. J. McDiar- mid, H. C. Culbertson; Boston, E. R. Hardy; New York, Jas. T. Brown; Nashville, Chas. L. Thornburg; St. Louis, Marshall P. Drury; Indianapolis, A. N. Grant. 1897. Niagara Falls, N. Y., July 16-19. Officers. — President, William A. Hamilton ; First Vice Pres- 496 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA I'l. ident, jMarsliall P. Drury ; Second Vice President, Edward R. Hardy; 'J'liird J 'ice President, Arthur E. Merkel ; Secretary. George M. Chandler; First Assistant Secretary, Frederick A. Welles; Second Assistant Secretary, Charles S. Dole, Marshal, Robert W. Courtney; Assistant Marshal. Robert Frazier. Delegates. — Harvard. Howard Coonley ; Boston, W. E. C. Leonard; Maine, Bertrand R. Johnson; Amherst, Fred K. Dyer; Dartmouth, Elliot L. Perkins ; IVesleyan, Walter B. Rile ; Yale. Thomas M. Evans; Rutiiers. Robert W. Courtney; Cornell, Clarence S. Moore ; Stevens. Frederick A. Welles ; .9/. Lazv- rence. Arthur B. Joy; Colgate. Wm. W. Barker; Union. Daniel H. Deyoe, Jr. ; Columbia, Frederick H. ClufF ; Syracuse, Robert Frazier; Washington & Jefferson, Archibald A. Wilson; Penn- sylvania, W. P. Humphreys; Dickinson, J. Luther Sigmund ; Johns Hopkins, Charles K. Winne, Jr. ; Pennsylvania State, Joseph M. Curtin ; Lehigh. D'Arcy W. Roper; Harnhden-Sidncy, Edward H. Barnett; North Carolina, Thomas C. Smith, Jr.; Virginia. W. Cabell Moore; Davidson, Samuel A. Robinson; Centre. R. Smith Dulin ; Cumberland. Jorden S. Brown ; .1//.S-- sissippi, Albert W. Hunt; Vanderbilt, Walter N. Davis; Texas. H. Roy Styles; Miami, Lee O. Lantis ; Cincijinati, Morris R. El)ersole ; IVestern Reserve, Henry E. Freeman; Ohio. Joseph T. Ullom ; Bethany, William L. Fisher; Ohio IVesleyan. Jacob J. Coons; Wittenberg, Charles L. Boshey; Denison, Thomas B. Powell; JVooster. D. J. Flemming; Kenyon. Harry B. Shontz ; Ohio State. David T. Keating; DePauw. Frederic A. Ogg; Indiana. Willis K. Ilunter; Michigan. George M. Chandler; Wabash. George L. Dcraiy ; Hanover. Charles D. Billings; Knox, Francis H. Sisson ; lozva, J. L. Schcucrman ; Chicago Roy B. Tabor; Jon'o IVesleyan, Miles Babb ; JVisconsin. Orsi- mus Cole, Jr. ; .Xorthzvesterji. Barry Gilbert ; Minnesota. Frank C. Faude ; Westminster, Percy T. Van Dyke ; Kansas, Webster Wilder; California. W. Wilfred Ransom; Denver. T. Bruce King; Nebraska, William H. Lehman; Missouri, George R. Wil- kinson ; Stanford. Charles S. Dole. CONVENTION OF 1898. 497 Aluiiiiii Chapters. — Akron. William B. Doyle and J. Ed. Good; Boston. Edward R. Hardy; Charleston, IV. J 'a., Robert M. Mann; Chicago, William A. Hamilton, E. Bruce Chandler and Henry M. Echlin ; Cincinnati. Campbell J. McDiarmid, Milton Sayler and W. B. Spellmire ; Cleveland, George F. Saal, Charles H. Taylor and Dudley J. Hard ; Columbus, J. Cal Hanna ; Indian- apolis, Warren D. Oaks ; Minneapolis, Robert M. Thompson ; New York, William R. Baird, James T. Brown and Willis O Robb; St. Louis, Marshall P. Drury. i8q8. Cincinnati, Ohio, July ig 22. Officers. — President, Burton B. Tuttle ; First Vice Presi- dent, F. H. Sisson, Second Vice President, E. R. Hardy; Third Vice President, R. M. Thompson ; Secretary,, Warren D. Oaks, First Assistant Secretary, Howard Nieman ; Second Assistant Secretary, J. D. Blything; Marshal, E. W. Jungerman, Assist- ant Marshal, C. E. Walters. Delegates. — Harvard, J. H. Sherburn : Brozvn, R. C. Rob- inson ; Boston. W. B. Poor; Maine. W. E. Belcher; Amherst, E. O. Damon; IVeslcyan, R. W. Langford ; Yale. S. Gilman ; Cornell. W. R. Miller ; Stevens, C. T. Myers ; St. Lawrence, S. E. Gunnison; Colgate, C. E. Walters; Union. Louis Tinning; Washington & Jefferson, C. S. Bowman; Dickinson. H. S. Cannon: Johns Hopkins. T. H. Palmer; Pennsylvania State, J. N. Sherer, Lehigh, B. T. Converse ; Hampden-Sidney, T. C. Jones; Davidson, C. M. Brown; Centre, M. R. Cotton; Vander- hilt, E. W. Jungerman; Texas, S. H. Schweer; Miami, C. G. Grulee ; Cincinnati, R. R. Caldwell ; Western Reserve, J. B. Austin ; Ohio, H. Bahrman ; Ohio Wesleyan, L. O. Hartman ; Bethany, P. B. Cochran; IVittenberg, A. O. Gruver; Denison, W. E. Wright, Kenyan. C. H. Foster; Ohio State. R. J. King; DePauzv, Charles S. Levings ; Indiana. Jefferson D. Blything; Wabash, M. J. Welbom ; Hanover, E. L. Throop ; Michigan, T. R. Woodrow ; Knox, C. A. Griffith ; Iowa, J. M. Thompson ; Chicago, P. Blackwelder ; lozva Wesleyan, C. W. Cochran; 498 UANDUOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Wisconsin. J. M. Barr ; Northzcesteni, W. L. Herdien ; Min' nesota, P. Faude ; IVcstminstcr, J. R. Baker ; Kansas, J. E. Fris- selle; Denver, C. Percy Fonda; Nebraska. E. M. Cramb ; Mis- souri, George R. Wilkerson ; California, Benjamin Bakewell ; Stanford, F. B. Bradcn. Alumni Chapters. — Akron. H. C. Hayes; Boston, E. R. Hardy ; Chicago, H. M. Echlin, William A. Hamilton and C. H. Robinson ; Cincinnati, Burton B. Tuttle, Charles M. Hepburn and E. Roy Meyers; Columbus, J. Cal Hanna and William L. Graves ; Indianapolis, James L. Gavin and Warren D. Oakes ; Minneapolis, Robert M. Thompson; Springfield, A. N. Slayton and A. S. Kissell; Terre Haute, Herbert V. Barbour. jSgg. Niagara Falls, N. ¥., July ^8- Aug. i. Officers. — President, H. W. Mitchell; First Vice President. C. J. .McDiarmid ; Second Vice President; James T. Brown; Third Vice President, W. B. Doyle ; Secretary, F. G. Ensign ; First Assistant Secretary, H. A. Hitchcock; Second Assistant Secretary, G. G. Kellogg; Marshal, A. P. Burroughs; Assist- ant Marshal. M. E. Chism. Deleg.ates. — Broivn, R. M. Richmond ; Maine. H. .X. Hatch ; Amherst, A. P. Simmons; Boston, E. A. Hamilton; Wesleyan, W. B. Hinkley; Dartmouth, John Mathes; Yale, S. A. Gilmour; Rutgers. Winant Van Winkle; Cornell, H. A. Hitclicock; Ste- vens, R. D. Brooks ; St. Lazvrence, N. L. Lobdell ; Colgate, A. P. Burroughs; Union, G. E. Pike; Syracuse, A. L. Rust; Col- umbia, Roger Durham ; Washington & Jefferson, P. J. Alex- ander ; Dickinson. E. E. Cline ; Johns Hopkins, Geo. Knapp : Peiinsylz'iniia. T. I.. Bean: Panisylz'tuiia State. Jos. McKinley: Lehigh, H. B. Chapman; Hampden-Sidney, J. W. H. Pilson; Davidson, W. S. Royster ; Centre, R. B. Toney ; Texas. J. W. Hawkins; Miami. P. M. Hoover; Cincinnati. R. E. Kreimer; Western Reserve. J. H. Weber; Ohio. C. L. Biddison ; Bethany, G. M. Mason; Wittenberg. B. F. Larick ; Denison, W. C. Mar- low; ll'ooster. R. H. Goheen ; Kenyan, S. A. Huston; Ohio. CONVENTION OF 1900. 499 State. R. C. Skiles : DePauzv, E. J. Glessner ; Indiana, H. V. Barbour: Wabash, D. M. Wishard ; Hanover, S. W. Huflfer; Michigan. B. Colson ; Knox, E. T. Manning; Beloit, F. G. En- sign ; Iowa, H. R. Reynolds ; Chicago, M. D. Harris ; Iowa Wes- leyan, W. S. Mitchell ; JVisconsin, Paul Tratt ; Northwestern, W. Hard, Minnesota, E. P. Sanford ; Westminster, J. F. Bolton ; Kansas. F. D. Parent ; Denver. E. W. Wiley ; Nebraska, C. D. Beghtol ; Missouri, H. J. Bain ; California, J. D. Hoffman ; Stanford. G. G. Kellogg. Alumni Chapters. — Akron. Ohio, W. B. Doyle; Charleston, W. Va., C. C. Lewis, Jr. ; Chicago, Geo. M. Chandler, H. M. Echlin ; Cincinnati, Harry Dunham ; Denver, Colo., Frank Dow- ner; Galesburg, III., F. H. Sisson; Indianapolis. J. L. Gavin: Nezv York, W. R. Baird, Jas. T. Brown, Willis O. Robb ; Pitts- burg, H. W. Mitchell; St. Louis, M. C. Williams; Terre Haute, C. S. Levings. 1900. Put-in-Bay, Ohio, Aug. 29-31. Officers. — President, J. Gal Haana ; First Vice President, Wilfred Arnold; Second Vice President. Gaillard Stoney; Third Vice President, Junius E. Beal; Secretary, William R. Baird; First Assistant Secretary, S. P. Hitchcock; Second Assistant Secretary, LeRoy Salsich; Third Assistant Secretary, B. W. Valentine; Marshal, F. A. Corbusier; Assistant Marshal, M. E Chism. Delegates. — Wesleyan, J. A. Decker; Dartmouth, T. J. Mer- rill; Amherst, C. H. Pattee ; Maine, S. D. Thompson; Boston, W. W. Coles; Brown, C. C. Eaton; Yale, F. B. Eiseman; Rut- gers, A. J. Steelman, Jr. ; Cornell. S. P. Hitchcock ; Stevens, C. D. Chasteney ; St. Lazi^rence, A. G. Gunnison ; Colgate, B. W. Valentine; Union, J. McNab; Columbia, K. Durham; Syracuse. F. W. Millspaugh ; Pennsylvania. A. R. Adamson ; Johns Hopkins, J. A. Sayler ; Pennsylvania State, C. H. Raub: Lehigh, L. D. Menough ; Dickinson, K. T. Brown; Washing- ton & Jefferson, P. W. Cooper; Davidson, P. C. DuBose; 500 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Virginia, H. A. Garland; Centre, J. W. Embry; Texas, H. L. Borden; Miami. G. L. Marshall; Cincinnati, H. L. Shepard ; IVcstcrn Reserve, H. A. Hard; Ohio, S. G. Winter; Ohio ll'es- teyan, M. \V. Rothrock; Bethany, J. L. Marshall; Wittenberg, H. A. Miller; Dcnison, F. Brown; Wooster, H. A. Brown; Kcn- y(on. L. A. Griggsby ; Ohio State, B. S. Stephenson; DePauzc. J. P. Goodwin; Indiana, F. W. Ray; Hanover, J. C. Brown; Michigan, A. H. Knight; Knox, H. C. Morse; Bcloit, J. E. Simmons; /t)Tt.'(f, J. Harvey; Chicago, K. Speed; /owa IVesley- an. F. Mall; Wisconsin. L. R. Salsich ; North Western, C. W. Patterson; .l//««t'^ofa, G. B. Palmer; Kansas, R. M. Cross; Denver, W. W. Avery; Nebraska, L. H. McKillip ; Missouri, C. A. Jenkins; California.. E. B. Marsh; Stanford, F. A. Corbusier. Alumni Delegates. — Akron, W. B. Doyle; Boston. E. R. Hardy; Chicago, G. M. Chandler; Cincinnati, M. Sayler; Cleve- land, A. M. Snyder; Columbus. W. L. Graves; Denver, A. C. Patton ; Galcsburg. W. Arnold ; Indianapolis, W. W. Knapp ; Minneapolis, R. M. Thompson; Memphis, M. E. Chism ; A''rA, <|) K 4' and ATA. They have all become national in ex- tent and sentiment. Starting in the west, they developed there until they acquired strength and standing in the heart of the country. They spread first to the south and then to the east and finally to the Pacific coast. Their chapters in the south and east are as important and as strong as the sectional fraternities in those groups of states. They have the common characteristics of vim and energy and well organized administrative systems. They each have practically perfected their organic law, have es- tablished and maintain well edited journals and have placed the majority of their chapters in chapter houses. Each of them have a few chapters in colleges of inferior grade, established in former times when the lines of edu- cational advance were not so clearly perceived as now and vet with rare loyalty retaining such chapters on their rolls and keeping in touch with their alumni. There are two groups of societies of eastern origin. The first of these comprises A A $, * Y and A K E. They are mentioned together and are commonly bracketed to- gether in the minds of college men because they have de- veloped side by side and have many common ideas and practices. They are, indeed, rivals of each other more frequently than of other societies, and have the common characteristics of chapters of large size and literary work in their meetings. A A HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. We give below a list of the chapters in each fraternity. They are arranged according to a somewhat novel system, devised by William A. Hamilton, Northwestern, '79, al- though we have not precisely followed his classification. Tlu' colleges are divided into three groups. Group 1 comprises institutions generally conceded to be of the first class. Group II comprises those of the second class and Group III those of third class. By these terms is meant first, second and third class from a fraternit\ standpoint. Other competent critics might vary some- what from this arrangement, but would not make any very great change. There is maintained in these lists also a sub-classifi- cation into Central Western, Eastern, Ultra Western and Southern colleges. The Canadian colleges are in- cluded with those of the east. Beta Theta Pi. (I). Beloit, Case, Chicago, Cin- cinnati, Denison, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State, Kansas, Kenyon, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ne- braska, Northwestern, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Fur- due, Washington (Mo.), Western Reserve, W' isconsin ; Amherst, Boston, Bowdoin, Brown^ Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Johns Hopkins, Lehigh, Maine, Pennsyl- vania, Penn'a State, Syracuse, Toronto, Union, Wes- leyan, Yale ; California, Colorado University, Stanford, Washington State ; North Carolina, Texas, Vanderbilt, Virginia, West Virginia. (II). DePauw, Iowa Wesleyan, Knox, Miami, Ohio, \\'abash, Wooster, Colgate, Dickinson, Rutgers, St. Law- SIGMA CHI. 517 rence, Washington and Jefferson ; Denver ; Central, Dav- idson, Oklahoma. (III.) Hanover, Westminster, Wittenberg, Beth- any, Hampden-Sidney. Phi Delta Theta. (I). Case, Chicago, Cincinnati, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, ^Michigan. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Northwestern, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Purdue, Washington (Mo.), Wisconsin; Am- herst, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Lafayette, Lehigh, McGill, Pennsylvania, Penn'a State ; Syracuse, Toronto, LTnion, Vermont, Williams ; California, Colo- rado University ; Stanford, Washington State ; Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas, Vanderbilt, Virginia. (II). DePauw, Indianapolis, Iowa Wesleyan, Knox, Miami, Ohio, South Dakota, Wabash ; Allegheny, Colby, Dickinson, Washington and Jefferson, Alabama Poly- technic, Central, Emory, Georgia Technology, Missis- sippi, Tulane, University of the South, Washington and Lee. (III.) Frankhn (Ind.), Hanover, Lombard, West- minster, Pennsylvania College, Kentucky State, Mercer, Southwestern, Randolph-Macon. Sigma Chi. (I). Beloit, Chicago, Cincinnati, Deni- son, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minne- sota, Missouri, Nebraska, Northwestern, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Purdue, Washington (Mo.), Wisconsin; Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Lafayette, Lehigh, Maine, M. I. T., Pennsylvania, Penn'a State, Syracuse, Califor- 518 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Ilia, Colorado College, Stanford, Washington State; Texas, Vanderbilt, \irginia. West Virginia. (II). Arkansas, DePauvv, Indianapolis, Miami, Wooster; Bucknell, Dickinson, Montana, Southern CaU- fornia, Central, George Washington, Mississippi, Tu- lane. Washington & Lee. (III). Albion. Hanover, Illinois Wesleyan, Hobart, Pennsylvania College, Kentucky State, Phi Gamma Delta. (I). Chicago, Denison, Illi- nois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri. Nebraska, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Purdue, Western Reserve, Wisconsin ; Amherst, Brown, Columbia, Cor- nell. Dartmouth. Johns Hopkins. Lafayette, Lehigh. Maine, M. I. T., N. Y. U., Pennsylvania, Penn'a State; Syracuse, Union, Yale ; California, Stanford, Washing- ton State ; Alabama, Texas, Virginia. (II). DePauw, Knox, Wabash, Wooster; Allegheny. Bucknell, Colgate, Trinity (Conn.), Washington & Jef- ferson, Wooster Polytechnic; Tennessee, Washington & Lee. (III). Hanover, Illinois Wesleyan, William Jewell, Wittenberg ; Pennsylvania College ; Bethel, Richmond. Phi Kappa Psi. (I). Beloit, Case, Chicago, Illi- nois, Indiana, Iowa. Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Ne- braska, Northwestern, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Pur- due, Wisconsin ; Amherst, Brown, Columbia, Cornell. Dartmouth, Johns Hopkins, Lafayette, Pennsylvania ; ALPHA DELTA PHI. 519 Syracuse ; California, Stanford ; Texas, Vanderbilt, Vir- ginia, West Virginia. (II). DePauw, Allegheny, Bucknell, Colgate, Dick- inson, Swartmore, Washington & Jefferson ; Mississippi, Washington & Lee. (III). Franklin & Marshall, Wittenberg, Brooklyn Polytechnic, Pennsylvania College. Delta Tau Delta. (I). Chicago. Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kenyon, Michigan, Minnesota. Missouri, Nebras- ka, Northwestern, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Western Reserve, Wisconsin ; Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dart- mouth, Lafayette, Lehigh, M. I. T., Pennsylvania, Pur- due, Stevens, Wesleyan, California, Colorado University, Stanford ; Texas, Vanderbilt, Virginia, West Virginia. (II). Armour, Baker, DePauw, Indianapolis, Ohio, Wabash, Allegheny, Rensselaer, Tufts, Washington & Jefferson ; Emory, George Washington, Mississippi, Tu- lane, University of The South, Washington & Lee. (III). Albion, Hillsdale. Alpha Delta Phi. (I.) Chicago, Kenyon, Michi- gan, Minnesota, Western Reserve, Wisconsin ; Amherst, Bowdoin, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Har- vard, Johns Hopkins, AlcGill, Toronto, Union, Wesleyan, Williams, Yale. (II.) C. C. N. Y. Hamilton, Rochester, Trinity (Conn.) Delta Kappa Epsilon. Chicago, Illinois, Kenyon, Michigan, Minnesota, Western Reserve, Wisconsin ; Am- 520 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. licrst, Bowdoin, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Lafayette, M. I. T., McGill, Pennsylvania, Syracuse, Toronto, Wesleyan, Williams, Yale ; California, Stanford, Alabama. North Carolina, Vanderbilt, Virginia. (II). DePauw, Miami, Colby. Colgate. C. C. N. Y., Hamilton, Rensselaer, Rochester, Rutgers, Trinity (Conn.) ; Central, Mississippi, Tulane. (III). Middlebury. Psi Upsilon. (I). Chicago, Kenyon, Michigan. Minnesota, Wisconsin; Amherst, Bowdoin. Brown, Co- lumbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Lehigh, N. Y. U., Penn- sylvania, Syracuse, Union, Wesleyan, Yale, California. (II). Hamilton, Rochester, Trinity (Conn.) Delta Upsilon. (I) Chicago. Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Northwestern. Ohio State, Wes- tern Reserve, Wisconsin ; Amherst, Bowdoin, Brown, Co- lumbia, Cornell, Harvard, Lafayette, Lehigh, M. I. T., McGill, N. Y. U., Pennsylvania, Syracuse, Toronto, Un- ion, Williams ; California, Stanford. (II.) Colby, Colgate, Hamilton, Rochester, Rutgers, Swarthmore, Tufts. (III). Marrietta, Middlebury. Theta Delta Chl (I). Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin ; Amherst, Boston, Bowdoin, Brown, Colum- bia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Lafayette, Lehigh, M. I. T., McGill, WilHams; California, Stanford. (II.) C. C. N. Y., Hamilton, Rocheslter, Tufts, George Washington. UELTA PHI. M: .•;.:: !:!4 A K 521 (III). Hobart, William & Mary j- ^J/oK^mc^v: ; i i ; , * Y and A K E at Trinity, A K E, X ^ and A Y at Middlebury. In other v^^ords, with the exception of some of the fraternities of southern origin which have been liberal to the point of indiscretion, the fraternities have been the more particular about the col- leges they have entered the farther away they were from the place of their origin, a conclusion quite contrary to the opinion of many students in this field. The smaller fraternities of eastern origin, like A ^, S $, A *, K A, have apparently deliberately chosen to restrict their numbers and location severely. They have of late years aimed to secure members who had wealth and social prominence rather than excellence in scholar- ship and have drawn their members from the "society" classes of Boston, New York and Philadelphia. This CHAPTER HOUSE SYSTEM. 529 g-iVes them a strong position v;ith representatives of such classes in many of the colleges where they are located. To a certain extent, but not to as great an extent, Z *, X *, X $ and >!' Y and A A $ have set up the same standards and criterions of membership. Such standards, while they secure the adherence of the unthinking and the somewhat large class in America who regard the possession of wealth as practically the sole criterion of success, do not appeal to the well in- formed, the thoughtful, and the studious. In the east, A K E and A Y have had a saner and sterner conception ■of the fraternity mission, and in the west and south B IT, $ A ©, $ r A and $ K * have always lived up to such conception. K A and n K A in our opinion have weak- ened their influence by remaining sectional. They have? missed and are missing the broadening influence of a national spirit. Yielding as they must to the natural de- sire for growth but restricted by self imposed geographi- cal limitations they are mainly in second and third rate colleges and if their policy is persisted in must remain so. With the advent of the chapter house system, there has occurred silently a great change in the relation of the undergraduate to the college authorities. At the present time probably more than three-fourths of the active and progressive students in the leading colleges are no longer under college control in dormitories but are under fraternity control in chapter houses. This has transferred the responsibility for the social life of the fraternity men from the college authorities to the alum 530 HANDliOUK OF BETA THETA PI. ni of the chapters maintaining chapter houses at the col- leges. It is therefore of more importance for a student rightly to choose his fraternity than his college. If a student enters a college of good reputation with a com- petent faculty and ample facilities but joins a fraternity composed of the idle rich and the socially pretentious, he is not only wasting his opportunities but possibly wreck- ing his future career. If on the contrary, he enters a col- lege not so well equipped but joins a fraternity com- posed of earnest students with high ideals and a chapter reputation to maintain, he may and probably will gradu- ate with a fair prospect of success before him. There would seem to be little room for new and wide spread fraternities to occupy. The rivalry be- tween the chapters in each college is generally nar- rowed to two or three chapters, and those possess- in^ a national reputation and prominent alumni, and being able to offer to the discriminating student the advantages of a subsequent basis of acquaintance in widespread localities, would seem of necessity to lead. The tendency is rather toward the consolidation or fed- eration of existing orders than the foundation of new ones. In some few colleges, notably Dartmouth, Ver- mont. Wesleyan and Yale, one or more local societies are maintained chiefly by appealing to the student's loyalty to his chosen college. r.ut there is ample room for three or four new fraterni- ties to exist at the larger institutions having several hun- dred students in their undergraduate departments, like THE PLACE OF BETA THETA PI. 531 Wisconsin, Cornell, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Minnesota, and where there are of necessity some excellent men who now never have an opportunity to join a good chapter. We have elsewhere, in the pages of American College Fraternities,^ set forth the salient points in regard to each fraternity as they existed in 1905, and reference may be ma-de to that or other sources of information for further details concerning the fraternities. It may how- ever be said of the place of Beta Theta Pi in the fratern- ity world, that it was the first of the fraternities origin- ating in the west ; that it established the pioneer chap- ters in Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee. Illinois and Indiana, published the first fraternity journal, and originated many character- istic features of fraternity life and organization. Nothing need be said to Betas concerning the peculiar characteristics of their fraternity, or why or how it dif- fers from others. To outsiders it has always appeared as a pushing, aggressive order, inspiring in its members peculiar enthusiasm, endeavoring to use its resources and influence for their advancement, and trying in all honorable ways to work in harmony with the authorities of the institutions wherein its chapters are located. ry. !i'j/; ^6th Edition. N. Y., 1905. INDEX OF SUBJECTS Alumni Chapters 62, Alumni Secretary 114, Annual Tax Anti-Secret Society Architects, eminent Arms, Coat of Assessments Authors, eminent Badge, The original Badge, The first Badge of 1855 Badge of 1865 Badge, secondary Badge, The Skeleton Badge, Standard 151, Ballade of States Baltimore Alumni Banquet, The first Beaver Dinner, Tiie Beta Dinners Beta Waltz . Boston Alumni Brewer Dinner, The Brewer Dinner, The Brotherhood, Song of Business Men, eminent Calendar Calumet Club Catalogue, The first 40, Catalogues of Chapters . . . . Catalogue Secretary Catalogue of 1855 Catalogue of 1859 Catalogue of 1866 59, Catalogue of 1870 69, Catalogue of 1881 97, 63 457 62 9 450 325 83 447 15 309 311 311 48 75 312 348 110 327 141 119 286 113 144 339 306 446 287 154 44 258 457 237 240 242 244 245 Catalogue of 1899 151, 250 Catalogue of 1905 161. 255 Changes of Chapter names. 457 Changes of Name 100 Chapter Houses 326 (See Houses of Chapters) Chapter Names 114 Chapter Periodicals 277 Charters, Revocation of... .100 Chicago Alumni 63, 110 Chief of the Districts 81, 82 Chronicle of Beta Delta.... 279 Ciiurch Officials 43.J Cincinnati Alumni.. 70, 74, 110 Cleveland Alumni 103. 110 Club, The New York 329 Coat of Arms 325 Code Commission, The. 143 145 College Presidents 429 College Professors 432 College Secretary 114, 457 Committee on Mag'azine. . . 121 Confederate Army 445 Confederate Congress 417 Confederate Judge 413 Confederate Senate 415 Conflict between Directors and Executive Commit- tee 136, 138, 140 Congressmen 415 Constitution, Editor of 1879 281 Constitution, Editor of 1890 2:^2 Constitution, Editor of 1897 283 (532) INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 533 Constitution of 1897 147 Constitutional Conven- tions, State 426 Constitution, Publication of .1888 190 Constitution, The original.. 12 Constitution, Editions of. ..281 Constitution & Laws 116 Convention Assessment ....112 Committees ... 46 Initiation by. . 76 The first 21 Second 34 Convention Convention, Convention, Convention, Convention of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of 1848. 18.51. 1854. 1856. 1858. 1860. 1862. 1864. 1S65. 1866. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. ir!79. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883 . 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 188il. 1889. 1890. 36 39 42 44 45 48 49 50 53 . 65 . 68 . 70 . 75 . SO . 83 . 86 . 88 . 91 . 93 . 99 .105 .110 .111 .113 .115 .117 .120 .122 .127 .130 Convention of 1891 132 ' ' of 1892 135 of 1893 137 of 1894 139 of 1895 142 of 1896 .145 of 1897 147 of 1898 149 ' ' of 1899 loO of 1900 153 ' ' of 1901 155 of 1902 157 of 1903 158 of 1904 159 of 1905 161 of 1906 163 ' ' of 1907 164 Corporation Lawy,ers 441 Court of Claims 413 Courts, Members of 425 Court of Private Land Claims 414 Covington Dinner The 139 337 Crucible Club, The... 159, 162 Delta Tau Delta, Found- ers of 192 Denison Chapter. Historv of '..261 Denver Alumni 115 Desertion of Micliigan 52 Desertion of Western Re- serve 64 Dinners, Notable, 330, 331, 335, 337, 338, 339, 345, 349 Diogenes Club, 204, 206 Directors, Board of.... 94, 454 Dispensations, 136, 140, 141, .. 159 Dispensations, Law of 107 Districts, Changes of 461 District Chiefs 'SI, 82 District Svstem 81 Double Membership. 47, 68, 410 534 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PJ. Dorg, Clubs 328 Dorg, The 279 Eastern Extension 77, 78 Editors Fraternity, Meet- ing of 196 Engineers, eminent 443 Exchanges Discontinued . . 123 Exchanges of the Maga- zine 207 Executive Committee Abolished 146 Executive Committee, The 132 455 Expulsion, The first 19 Extension, The first 17 Extension Policy 105 Federal Army 445 Federal Judges 413 Federal Officers 418 First Annual, The 136 Fiction, The first 203 First Meeting, The 13 Flag 151, 153 Flag, Fraternity 130 Flag of 1890..'. 317, 318 I'lag of 1900 319 Flower Chosen 127 Flower, The Fraternity. . ..315 Founders of Beta Theta Pi 9 Founder's Dinner, The 338 Foundation of the Frater- nity 9 Foreign Ministers 417 F'ratcrnitics, National 513 Fraternities, Sectional ....513 I'-raternity Studies. .. .140, 202 Fraternity System, Origin of 7 General Secretary 77, 456 General Treasurer, 69, 77, 456 Girls, The Beta 325 Governors' Dinner, The 158. 345 Governors of States 420 Grand Seal 66 Grande Marche de Woog- lin 287 Greek World, The 511 Grif's Candidate 203 Grip, The 40, 279 Gubernatorial Candidates.. 420 Handbook of 1886 117, 205 Harlan Dinner, The, 131, 331 History of Denison Chap- ter 261 Hoadly Dinner, The 330 Honorary Members 408 Hour Glass Society 129 Houses of Chapters Amherst 360, 361 Bowdoin 376, 391 California 362, 363 Colgate 388, 389 Cornell 390, 391 Dartmouth 384, 385 Denison 382, 383 DePauw 350 Dickinson 398, 399 Lehigh 878, 379 Maine 372 Michigan 364, 365 Minnesota 368, 369 Missouri 370, 393 North Carolina.. . .374, 375 Ohio State 396, 397 Penn'a State 379, 380 Rutgers 366 St. Lawrence 400, 401 Stanford 386, 387 Syracuse 395, 402 Washington State '392 Wesleyan 304. 395 Yale 358, 393 Incorporation Certificate 95 Incorporation of the Fra- ternity 140 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 535 Indianapolis Alumni.. . .70, 110 Indianapolis List 284 Initiation by the Conven- tion 76 Interstate Commerce Com- mission 414 Investigation of Chapters. . 101 Japanese Peace Commis- sion 417 Jenkins Book 58 Journalists, eminent 449 Journal, Proposed 23, 39 Justices of Courts 425 Jurisdiction over Members, 84 Kansas City Alumni 103 Keepers of the Rolls 457 Knox Memorial 151, 152 Knox's Story 9 Laws 45 Laws, Enactment of 99 Lawyers, eminent 440 Legislators 422 Letters, Old, in the Mag- azine 191 Lists of Members 284 Literary Men, eminent. .. .447 Los Angeles Reunion 121 Louisville Alumni 67 Lt. Governors of States,. . .420 Magazine Committee Es- tablished 121 Magazine Exchanges 127 Magazine, Facsimile first page 183 Magazine, First Number, ..182 Magazine, First Editor. .. .180 Magazine Fund 116 Magazine, Inception of 179 Magazine issued 7 ^ Magazine Legislation 66 Magazine moved to New York 137 Magazine Proposed 60 Magazine, Special Num- bers 211 Magazine, semi-annuals. . .133 Manual of Information. ... 106 March 287 Marshall's Story 11 Membership Lists 284 Membership Statistics 466 Miami semi-centennial ....126 Military Service 444 Minutes, First 13 Mississippi Extinct 154 Monogram Badge 313 Music, Instrumental 286 Mystic Records 128 Mystical Seven Union 124 Mystic Messenger, 130, 175, 275 279 Name, Changes of 77 Names of Chapters, 24, 59. 114 457 Nashville Alunini 69 Naval Service 444 New England Dinner 327 Newman Badge 313 New York Club, The 329 New York List 285 Noble Dinner, The 135, 335 Odell Dinner, The 154, 341 Odes, Collection of 262, 263 Officers of States 423 Ohio, Revived 42 Open Constitution, The.... 92 Owl & Wand Society, 174, 175 Pan Hellenic Council 194 Pan Hellenic Meeting 110 Patents, Commissioners of. 418 Periodical 48 Periodical, Proposed 23 Periodicals of Chapters. . .277 Philadelphia Alumni 115 Phi Kappa Aloha Cata- logue 258 53() HANDBOOK OF EETA THETA PI. Physicians, eminent 438 Pledge Button,. ..151, 313, 314 Practices of Chapters ^2<^ Preparatory Students, :!7, 99, 106 118 Prep Question. The, ..110. 195 Presidents ,456 Presidents of Colleges.. .. .429 Presidential Electors 421, 139, 141, 151 154 Howard 74, 88, 101, 102 IlHnois 106, 109, 156, 227 Indiana 31, 38, 69, 75, 218 453 Iowa 57, 59, 74, 98, 158, 218 227 Iowa State... 159, 161. 162. 232 Iowa Wesleyan 60, 61, 232 Johns Hopkins 89 Kansas 75, 78, 120, 222' Kenyon 89, 93, 134, 138 Knox 43. 62, 82, 122, 123, 124, 217 453 Lehigh 129, 134, 151. 228, 378 379 Madison (see Colgate.) Maine 96, 158, 222, 372 Miami 3r>, 40, 61, 74, 126, 205, 225 453 Michigan ...31, 37, 42, 52. 81, 83, 157, 228, 364, 365, 453 454 (541) 542 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Minnesota ...114. 115, 129 1.54, 224, 1368 369 Mississippi 67, 9.3, 1 15. 141, 144. 148, 150, 151. .. 221 Missouri . ...115, 117, 129, 131, 160, 219, ,370 393 Monmonth 56, 81, 90, 454 Naval Academy 50 Nebraska .. ..106, 109. 122, 123 229 North Carolina ...40, 118, 124, 12:^>, 148, 150, 151, 154, 155, 1.58, 231. 374... 375 Northwestern ...74. 75, 78. 229 O^jlcthorpe 48, 49, 57 Ohio 154 453 Ohio State Ill, 114, 115, 226, 396 397 Ohio Wesleyan 41, 74. 221 453 Oklahoma 161. 162 Pennsylvania 99, 134, 135, 142, 144, 217 232 Pemra State 122, 124, 219, 379 380 Princeton 26 Purdue 158, 229 Randolph-Macon ...74, 78, 124 137 Richmond 70. 74, 142 Rutgers 96, 126 129. 134. 158 366 St. Lawrence 96, 221, 400 401 .South Carolina 45 Stanford 136, 139, 140 228, 386, 387 Stevens 96, 222, 277 Syracuse 111, 11.3. 124. 154. 164. 395 402 Texas 115 Toronto 162, 163, 234 Transylvania 19, 25 Trinitv 78, 101, 102 Union 102, 107 Vanderbilt ....87, 109, 111, 113, 148, 150, 151, 154, 155, 158 232 Virginia 43, 57, 66. 124, 128 453 Virginia Military Institute. 60, 62, 63 101 Virginia State 87, 88. 101 103 Wabash 32 35. 37, 45, 75, 228 454 Washington ....60, 02, 74, 90, 151, 154. 155, 227.... 231 Washington and Jefferson. 21. 43, .56 SI. 216 453 Washington and Lee. ...44, 57, 72, 73 454 Washington State .... 153, 227 392 Wesleyan .... 124, 222. 359, 394 395 Western Reserve. . . .IS, 44 55, 64. 102, 107, 229 453 Westminster.. .4Y. 59, 2.34, 359 West Virginia 150, 153 William and Mary.. .7, 18, 47, 84, 90 124 Williams 33, 38, 85, 105 Wisconsin 78. 229 Wittenberg.... 59. 93, 229,454 Wooster 74, 88, 234, 454 Yale 60, 131, 134, 141. 148. 151, 154, 160, 222, 358, 359 393 INDEX OF SOCIETIES Adelphia Society Alpha Alpha Alpha Chi Omega Alpha Chi Rho 515, Alpha Delta Phi 8 .31, 36, '38, 87, 127, 144, 197. 513, 514, 519 Alpha Kappa Phi 93. Alpha Phi Alpha Sigma Cni 93. 165, 16G , Alpha Tan Omega. . . .197. 514, 515 Beta Gamma Beta Kappa Beta Phi Beta Psi Beta Tail Omega Beta Theta Pi 513, 516. Boanergians, The Chi Phi 185, 196, 197. 514, 521 Chi Psi 31, 65, 514. 521, 528 Chi Sigma Zeta Delta Kappa Epsilon. . .64, 65, 127, 174, 513, 514, 519. 528 Delta Phi 8, 514, 521, Delta Psi 514, 521, Delta Sigma Phi 515, Delta Tau Delta... 49, 197, 209. 513 Delta Theta Upsilon Delta Upsilon 9, 171. 514, 520 lOi 31 451 526 52 S 165 206 191 523 159 102 159 153 153 528 18 529 529 129 529 528 528 526 519 159 529 Epsilon, The Gamma Alpha Gamma Digamma Kappa.. Gamma Phi I. K. A Kappa Aloha . .. .8, 9, 514, 522 Kappa Alpha (Soutlicrn) . 514, 522 Kappa Kappa Gamma Kappa Phi Lambda. .. .63. Kappa Sigma 514. 515, Lambda Kaopa Literary Union Mystical Seven 9. 172, 209, 210 Omega Pi Alpha 315. Phi, The Phi Beta Kappa 7, Phi Delta Phi Phi Delta Theta. ..65, 127 233, 513, 517 Phi Gamma Delta. .65, 115, 178, 197, 513, 518 Phi Kappa Alpha 97, 165 Phi Kappa Psi 65, 85, 513, 518 Phi Kappa Sigma 515. Phi Nu Theta Phi Sigma Kappa 515, Phi Theta Psi 89, Pi Kaopa Alpha.. 514, 522, Psi Upsilon. .8, 50, 54, 55, 65, 204, 225, 513, 514, 520, 528 48 159 139 164 8 528 529 225 261 524 1.j9 171 334 r.26 159 S 209 529 529 171 529 525 9 525 141 529 529 (543) 544 HANDBOOK OF BETA TIIETA PJ. Sigma Alpha Epsilon. .197, 514, 515 523 Sigma Chi 85, 144, 187, 197, 513 517 Sigma Delta Pi... 126, 165, 177, 209 334 Sigma Nu 65, 514, 515, 524 Sigma Phi 8, 171, 178, 514, 521 528 Sigma Phi Epsilon. .. .515, 526 Sword and Shield 153 Tau Delta 144 Theta Chi 515 Theta Delta Chi.. 1.14, 514, 520 Theta Nu Epsilon 151, 152, 154, 162 163 Theta Phi 114 Theta Zeta 163 Torch and Crown 112 Tri-Serps 159 Vitrucian, The 177 Wayland Literary Society. 171 Zeta Phi 115", 129. 165, 178 Zeta Psi...58, 65, 514, 521, 529 INDEX OF INSTITUTIONS Adrian luy Allegheny 51 Arkansas 141, 1G2 Baker 139,, 162 Beloit 41 Brown 8 Bucknell 159. 1(31, 162 Buchtel 139 Butler 14G Centenary 41, 155 Central (Ky.) 113 Central (Mo.) 139 Cincinnati Law School... 9, 16 Colby 110, 111 Colorado (College) 159 Colorado (Music) 158, 159 Cornell (Iowa) 155 Columbian 148 Cumberland 158 Dartmouth 8 Dickinson 18, 25 Drurv 151 Emory 11, 124 Franklin (Ind.) ....70,74, 83 Franklin and Marshall 41 Georgia ....60, 67, 74, 113, 124 Hamilton 8 Howard 7 Hobart 159 Jefferson 20 Illinois (College) 45 Illinois (University) . .97, 134 155 Illinois Wesleyan 97 Kentucky Milty Inst 49 Kentucky (Univ.) . .62, 64, 159 161 Lafayette 41, 85 Lake Forest 155, 161, 162 Marietta 32, 41, ,85 Mass. Inst. Technology. .. .145 Mercer 109 McGill 159 McKendree 87 Miami 9 Michigan Agricultural. 115, 117 127 Nashville (Univ.) 47 Nevada 159. 162 New York University. .139, 141, 145 146 No. Ga. Agricultural 109 Northwestern Christian . . . 47, 56, 60, 70 Oakland 41, 47 Ohio 18 Ohio State 164 Pacific 67 Pennsylvania (College) ...109 Rochester 129, 134 Rose Polytechnic 162 Simpson 67, 159 South, University of 159 South Dakota 155, 161 Southwestern Presbyterian. 113 Tennessee 141, 155 Trinity (Conn.) 8 Tufts 140 Tulane 159 Union 8 U. S. Grant Univ 134 Utah 162 Vermont 141, 155 Washington and Lee... 134, 139 141 Washington State 155, 156 William Jewell 131 William and Mary. 141 Worcester Polytechnic ....161 Yale 7 (545) INDEX OF NAMES Abrams, J. E. . . Ackcrman, G. E. Acton, John H. Acomb, W. S. . . Adams, Adams, Adams. Adams, Adams, Adams Charles H Frank Y 4:i(), James A J. E J. W Howard W Adams, Richard h. T.. Jr. Adamson, A R Adney, W. H. G Adsit, Nath. B Ahrens, H F Aiken, Albert C Aitkinson, John D....42;{, Albin, Martin H 203. Aldrich, P E 119, .333, 427, 440 Alexander, G M Alexander, J. A Alexander Jno Alexander, P. J Alford, Lore Allan, A. M Allan, William 4 45 Allen, E. P 4S2, 4S4, Allen, Heman H 432, Allen, H. O Allen, Tohn M 333, Allen, Rol)ert F Allen, Thomas Ailing, A. A Ailing. R. B. Allison, Andrew 48.'5 478 435 477 262 486 438 479 4ii2 503 489 499 476 224 502 490 424 482 454 501 493 480 498 503 493 476 486 436 492 416 233 4.50 482 480 440 Allison, J. W 475 Altsheler, Joseph A 448 Ames, E C 494 Ammen, Francis D 495 Anderson, Archer 447 Anderson, Butler P 445 Anderson, Dan S 506 Anderson, J. H 47b Anderson, H. L ,. 479 Anderson, Lowell J 507 Andrews, Charles L 484 Andrews, Frank 132, 333 Andrews, Frank H 489 Andrews J. W 482, 483 Angell, W. F 484 Antrim. E. 1 48i> Appenzellar, Paul 492 Appold, L. T 480 Archibald. George D 429 Argo, William K 439 Armstrong, D. H 503 Armstronp- Wm. H 340 Arnold. Earle C 41)0 Arnold, F. J 402 Arnold, J. A 479 Arnold, M. LeRov. . . .230. 502 ." 503 Arnold, Wilfred 491, 499, 500, 501 .502 Askew, Frank 445- Aspinwall, T. J 4S6 Atkinson, H. M 19.3 Atkinson, W. M 481 Attcrburv, Eugene 490 Atwater,' William S 507 Atwood, J. M 486' (546) INDEX OF NAMES. 547 Aumock, William S 472 Austen, Peter T 219, 424 Austin, Cleland R 504 Austin J. B 497 Austin, H. 493 Austin, Willard H 455, 487 490 Avery, Alphonso C....425, 427 428 Avery, Edward S 491 Avery. H. W 500 Axtell, John H 504 Axtell, P. D 502 Ayrault, Miles A 490, 492 Ayres, L. P 500 Ayres, Richard S 504 Avres, William 477 Babb. Miles 496 Babb. Wash'n 1 420 Babcock, Harmon S...110, 139, 268, 481, 482 493 Back, Harry E 489 Bagg, C. R 474 Bahmann, Robert F 490 Bahrman, H 497 Bailey. William B 490 Bain, J. H 499 Baird, Chambers 201 202, 203, 206, 207. 208, 335, 348 480, 483, 484, 4:^5, 487, 488 ■ 490 Baird William R 96, 97, 106. 125. 128, 161. 168. 169, 176, 193, 195. 201. 202, 203, 206, 215, 216, 245, 247, 252, 255, 340. 480, 481, 482, 483, 488. 489, 491, 492. 493 494. 495. 497, 499, 503. 504, 505 506 Baird. Raimond D 506 Baker. Al 477 Baker, C. M 482 Baker, E. E 491 Baker, John Cuvler 507 Baker, J. R .' 49S Baketel, H. S 492 Bakewell. Benj. B 498 Bakewell. Chas. M 433 Baldwin, William W 443 Ballard. H. J 503 Ballentine. Henry W 473 Bancroft, C. R 483 Bancroft, Howland 507 Banning. Myron 474 Bannister. J. C 482, 483 Barbour. Herbert V...498, 499 Barbour, Volney G 434 Barclay, Shepard 426, 475 Barker. William W 496 Barnard. Edw. E 433 Barnett, E. H 59, 496 Barnett, W. W 485 Barnes, Clifford W 430. 487 488 Barnes. Geo. T 416, 422 Barnes, Orlando M 420 Barnes. P. P 484 Barnev. Walter H 504 Barr, George W 219 Barr. Granville W 449 Barr. J. M 498 Barr, L. A 502 Barr, W. A 477 Barrett, C. R 479 Barry, Herbert ...125, 176. 277 Martholomew. Henry L... 177 Bascom. John .... 105, 106, 429. 432, 447 480 Batelle, Josepn B 449 Battle. J. A 473 Bates. John L....220, 221, 229, 302, 345, 347, 420... 422 Bates, Joshua H 428. 445 Bates, W. 232 Bauman, A. P 492 Bauslin. C. S 501 Bauslin. David H 438 548 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA TT. Baxter. Lewis \V 424 Baxter, T. M 474, 4S7, 488, 490 491 Beach, Albert 1 505 Beach, Chas. F r.V.i, 447 Beach, C. S 494 Beadenkopf, T. M 480 Beall, James A 417 Beal, Junius E.. ..228, 250. 255, 338, 369, 428, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 492, 499 501 Beal, R. E 484 Beam, Henn- G 506, 507 Bean, T. L 498 Beard, John S 504 Beard, Henry 4. 17. 212 Beatty, James 48u Beatty, James H 413. 425 427 Beatty, William J 472 Beaver, James A 120, 130, 141, 300, 331, 335, 347. 420. 429 485 Beecher, J. B 493 Becker, Geo. L 416, 420, 427, 471 472 Bcckford, C. S 482 Beckman, F. W 490 Bccbe, George 122, 486 Beghtol, C. U 499 Behan, W. P 492, 493 Behrens, H. T.. Jr 488 Belcher, W. E 497 Bell, Ezra K 43S Bell, Geo. W 495 Bell, J. A 483 Bell, Paul T 507 Bell, William T 417 Bcllis, N. H .503 Bellows, Geo. W 272 Belt, LcRoy A 431, 435 Benedict, Everett F 490 Benedict, E. M 213 Benedict, Geo. E 316 Benedict, I. H 501 Benedict, J. L 485 Bennett, Thomas \\'...416, 420 Bently, H. L 475 Berenson, Bernard 450 Berry, Albert S 416, 455, 472 483 Berry, E. R 503 Berry, James J 18, 20, 471 Berry, John R 188, 476 Berry, P. A 488 Berrj^ Shaler 485 Berry. S. W 4!88 Bewlcy, E. E 501 Biddison, C. L ■ 498 Billings, Charles D 496 Billman, Arthur H 138 Billow^, G. A 485 Birch. G. W. F...123. 128, 207, 227,. 293, 333, 334, 419, 436 487 Bird, C. B 488 Bird, John 487 Bird, Ralph B 504 Bird, W. S 505 Bisbee. R. C 502 Bishop, A. B 482 Bishop. D. R 478 Bishop, Seth S 439 Bissell, Lemuel 472 Bitting, W. C 480 Birdsong, W. L 482 Black, Gurdon G .506, 507 Black, H. Y 478 Black, James B 59. 92, 265, 474, 475 476 Black, J. W 479 Black, S. W 477 Black1)urn, B. F 472 Blackburn, Tames W. .423, 427 Blackburn. W. E 471 Blackburn, Wm. E 19, 20 Blackford, Aaron V 495 INDEX OF NAMES. 549 Blackmore, James W...62, 475 Blackwelder, P 497 Blair, Walter 434 Blair, W. D 493 Blake, Clinton H 504 Blake, J. G 56 Blake, Wilson W 448 Blakemore, F. T 184 Blakemore. Sumner 493 Blaker, Ernest B 489 Blakeslee, S. E 502 Blanton. Dr. Joseph P. 224, 430 Bliss, E. W 502 Blodgett, C. E 491 Blodgett, John T 426 Bloodgood, R. B 483 Bloom, D. H 485 Blue, Richard W 416 Blything, J. D 497 Boiling, G. M 491 Bolton, J. F 499 Boltz, J. C 501 Bonnifield, A. D 501 Boone, John L 44] Booth, Henry 440 Booth, Newton 30, 414, 419 Borah, William E 234, 414 Borden, H. L 5()0 Boshey, Charles L 496 Botts, William 506 Boude, Henry B..431, 473, 475 Boudinot, Ed C 54, 474 Boudinot, F. H 418 Boudinot F. W 485 Boughton, Willis 130, 210, 213, 268, 455, 488 494 Boutell, Henrv S 417, 422 Bowler, H. N 501 Bowman, C. S 497 Bowser, Harry 485 Boyd, Andrew Hunter.... 425 Boyd, David Ross 430 Boyd, Hugh 475 Boyd, James B 242 Boyd, W. F 95, 96, 201, 454, 477.. 480, 481, 485 Boyle, S. G. .479, 480, 481, 483 Boyle, Boyle G 449, 483 Braden, Edwin S 507 Braden, F. B 498 Bradbury. Charles M 277 Branch, J. R. B 505 Branham, W. C 487 Brav,. W. P 502 Brennan, J. H 502, 503 Brett, Charles S 490 Brewer, David J.. 132, 216, 220, 291, 333, 335, 339, 340, 412, 413 425 Brewer, Hamilton 172 Bridges, John J 490 Bridges, T. R 485 Briggs. A. S 491 Briggs, H. E 488 Briggs, H. L 485 Brilles, Charles S 490 Brilles. Jacob 433, 484 Bringle, S. F 479 Brinker, William H 425 Broder, Edward W 504 Brokaw, L. E 490 Brooks, M. L 265 Brooks. R. D 498 Broooks, Thos. H 264 Brouse, O. R 71, 78, 83, 95, 96, 184, 186, 454, 456, 474, 475, 477 479 Brown A. D 502 Brown, C. M 497 Brown, C. T 479, 502 Brown, Clyde W 339 Brown, B. Gratz 116 240, 412, 414, 419, 445 .. . 484 Brown, E. J. ..93, 108, 169, 193, 456, 476, 479, 480... 482 Brown, Frederick T 436 Brown, H. A 500 Brown, J. C 500 550 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Brown, J. Xl-wIoh. ... 1 17, 485 486 Brown, James S 427 Brown, Jas. T....125, 161, 215, 227, 255, 285, 457,. 483, 49:5, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503 505 Brown, Jolin Y 218, 415 420 Brown, Jorden S 496 Brown, K. T 499 Brown, Lucius P 424 Brown, Norris 234, 414 423 Brown, Oliver A 292, 474 476 Brown. P. VV 503 Brown, Thompson L 471 Brown, T. S 478 Brown, Webster E 416 Brown, W. H 506 Brown, William A 419 Browne, F 500. 501 Bruce, Wilkins 494 BruKgeman, G. F. A. . .492, 504 Bryce, W. E 4S5 Buchtel, Henry A 225, 234. 420, 429, 435 Buck, A. H Buckingham Harry Buckner, Alexander F.udd, H. G., Jr Buflington, Eugene J Bughce. L. H Bullitt. John C Bullock. S. R Burdick. Charles W...423, 424 Burford, Frank B Burgess, John W Burgoyne. Frank W. ..207. 268 269 Burhans, Jas. A... 97, 440, 478 478 492 487 472 488 444 493 427 25 427 507 433 Burke, H. F 502 Burnell, A. L 500 Burnett, Jacob 471 Burnett, Tracy D 506 Burnett, Wm. B 202, 4,54 Burroughs. A. P 498 Burt, M. C 481 Burt, Nathaniel C 27 Burton, Joseph R 226 414 Bush, John M 471 Bushnell. Ebenezer 471 Buskirk, Samuel H... 422, 425 Butler, Pierce 481. 482 Butrick, R. E 491 Bynum, William D...221, 333, 335, 348, 416, 422 428 Byrer, Hugh S .506 Byrnes, Josenh W 422 Cabell, Walter C 492 Cadv. W. B 480. 481 Cahal, T. H 475 Caldwell. Albert G 495 Caldwell, CD 42 Caldwell, E 486 Caldwell, Everett 487 Caldwell, M. H. H 275 Caldwell. R. R 497 Caldwell, Samuel 43 Caldwell T. J 503 Caldwell, Walter C 426 Calkins, Charles 64 Calvin, Josenph H 431 Camp, Hintoon 506 Campbell, Clarence G.231, 504 Campbell, H. C. V 483 Campbell. James G....451. -tH Campl)ell. John L 451 Campbell. W. L 474 Candler, Ezekiel S 417, 428 Cannon, T. A 502 Cannon, J. F 502 Cannon. H. S 497 Carloueh, D. J 487,. 488, 489 Carmine. C. F 501 INDEX OF NAMES. 551 Carnagey, John A 488 Carey, C. H 482 Carnahan, James R...451, 474 Carpenter, Alonzo P...37, 105, 144, 219, 310, 425, 472 480 Carpenter, Dump 478,, 479 Carpenter, Frank G...233, 333 448 Carr, Arthur T 507 Carrington, Richard W. . . 504 507 Carson, Paul 487 Carstensen, Alfred N 507 Carter, Charles W 430 Carter, Geo. W 489 Caruthers, Eli 475 Caruthers, R. L 473, 474 Case, James A... 333, 481, 482 Case, L. D 492 Casev, Edward G 507 Castle, J. S 476 Caten, W. L 485 Catlin, W. E 493, 494 Catlin, Sanford R 491 Cauthonie, Henry S...421, 428 Cavins, Aden G 42'1 Chace, D. C 491 Chamberlain. W. M...4.S6, 487 Chambers, William H 422 Chandler, E. Bruce 231, 202, 455, 481, 487, 488, 490, 491, 493 497 Chandler, Geo. M 262, 269, 312, 314, 319. 457. 492, 494, 49.5, 496, 499, 500 502 Chapman, C. A 488 Chapman, H. B 498 Chapman. H. H 493 Charles. B. H 484 Charles. Robert K 188 Chase E. T .503 Chasteney, C. D 499 Chauvenet, Louis 185 Cheney, D. H 83, 186, 456, 477 478 Cherrington, Fennel 489 Chenoweth, B. P 418 Childs, J. W 4.11 Chism, M. E.498 499, 500, 501 Church, Alonzo W....415, 441 Cilley. J. Vernet 443 Claghorn, C. R 481 Clark, A. B 492, 495 Clark, C. S 502 Clark, C T 501 Clark, E. A 485 Clark, Edwin C 489 Clark, F. B 481 Clark, Frank E 505, 506 Clark, Frank G 416 Clark, George B 418 Clark, Gaylord B 441 Clark, Henry B 222 Clark. H. G 474 Clark, L. E 494 Clark, Rush 415, 422, 472 Clark, Thomas H 422 Clarke, George K 472 Clarke, G. W 472 Clarke, Guy M 485 Clarke, J. M 472 Clements, Isaac 416 Clemmons, J. C 485 Clifford, Miles 479 Cline. E. E -J93 Clinton, Thomas P 425 Cluff Frederick H 496 Coast. W. 501 Coburn, John 32, 60, 228, 240, 416, 425 474 Cochran, Andrew M. J. . . . 413 Cochran, C. W 497 Cochrane, D. K 483 Cochran, P. B 497, 500 Cockrill. Sterling R. ..425. 426 455 552 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Coffin, E. F 493 Coggeshall, William T.... 417 Cohn, E. H 501 Coker, J. L., Jr 485 Colborn, A. J 483 Coldewey. E. G 483 Cole, A. H 48:> Cole, Albert AI 490 Cole, Harry W .-.oo, 501 Cole, Orsimus 490 Coleman, C. M 501 Coles, O. E 483 Coles, W. W 499 Colfax. Schulyer ...43, 85, 240, 297, 408, 412 416 Collins, Clinton 4'i5 Collins, John A. .18, 19, 20, 471 Collins, V. D 34, 2()2, 471 Collis, Edward II 495 Colson, S. Burnell 49i) Conant, Harrv W 495 Conkev, Geo.' S 481, 482 Conklin, L. R 493 Conn, Herbert W 432 Connor, W. H 480 Conover, L. F 482, 483, 484 Conrad, D. F 485, .502 Constant, F. H 488 Converse, B. T 497 Converse, C. C. . .487, 488, 489 Converse, Clarence E 486 Conway E. V 503 Cook, Chas G 494 Cook, G. Ed 483 Cook, G. S 486 Cook, H. R 478 Cook, S. S 4^5 Cook, W. B 473 Cooke, Fred W 444 Cooke, Willard P 488 Cooley, Fred C 495 Cooley, George E 221 Coon, John 27 Coonley. Howard 496 Coons, Jacob J 496 Cooper, David M 149 Cooper, D. S 477 Cooper, David W 185 Cooper, Edward S 492 Cooper, J. A 473 Cooper, J. V 505 Cooper, P. W 499 Corbusier, F. A 499, 500 Corbett, W. H 492 Corley, J. E 476 Corwin, William H 419 Cotton, M. R 497 Coulter, M. S 476 Coulter, Stanley 4;!4 Courtnev, Robert W. .234 348, 49.5, 496 507 Covington, John T. ..77, 81, 95, 96, 125, 129, 139, 142, 185, 191. 195, 201, 203, 216, 217, 218, 268, 299, 316, 330, 333, 337, 454, 4.56, 477, 481, 485, 486. 487, 489, 490, 491 493 Cowan, B. 477 Cowen, W. S 477 Cowherd, William S 417 Cowlcs, G. C 480 Cowles, J. C 481 Cox, Arthur J 490 Cox, G. C...484, 485. 486, 437 Craddock. William 1 473 Craig, Benjamin H., Jr. . . 507 Craig, John Newton 437 Craig, W. B 476 Craft, David W 507 Craft, Frost 475 Cramb, E. M 498 Crane, E. F 503 Crane, J. L 494 Cranston, Earl 81, 221, 435 Crary, Benjamin F 424, 473 Craven. William B 416 Craw, Harvey W 504 INDEX OF NAMES, 553 Crawford, Geo. A 348 Crawshaw, 'W. H 206, 213, 485 486 Creighton, Charles F 431 Cristler, W. T 485 Crittenden, Thos T. .. .415, 419 Cromer, George W 416 Crone, Louis L 225 Cronkleton, Hermus 475 Crook, Isaac 429. 4:!0. 435 Crosby, W. W 490 Cross, R. M 500 Crouch. Richard H 504 Crovvell, Robert C 504 Crowder, F. W 4S7 Crowley, Ralph E 506 Culbertson, H. C 492, 495 Culbertson, J. C 18 Cumback, Will C 110, 416, 417,, 420, 422 481 Cummer, C. L 503 Cummings, G. M 494 Cummings, Josenh B. .422, 442 Cunius, N. R 503 Cunningham, J. H 503 Curry, M 502 Curry, M. B 480 Curry, M. D 481 Curtin, Joseph M 496 Curtis, Charles L 449 Curtis, Grove D 447, 479 480 505 Curtis, L. S 492 Cushman, C. G 126, 480 Cussler, H. C 490 Da Costa, J. C 340. 439 Dailev. David 42S Daily, William M 472 Dalman, M. A 502, 503 Dalton, Archie C 377, 505 Damon, A. F 491 Damon, E. 497 Damren. K. H 503 Darlington, Newton W... 435 Darnall, R. F 490 Darsie, Burns 491 Dashiell, Levi T 221, 489 Davidson, G 501 Davidson, H. R 501 Davidson, S 493 Davis, B. B 494 Davis, C. H 494 Davis. F. C 4i;i, 488 Davis, Walter N 496 Davis, Webster W 223 418 Davis, W. S 475 Day, William C 434 Dayton, Frank T 508 Dean, Charles D 484 Dean, E. P 47S Dean, J. A 473 Decker, J. A 499 Dedricks, W. W 474 Dee, George E 218 De Fremerv, Jane's L 455 Delamatre, ' C. W 479,484 Delano. Henrv A 475 DeMotte, Mark L 416, 472 DeMotte. W. H 240, 439 Denio, F. Winchester 505 Denison, A. H 495 Dennis, Warren A 490 Dennison, Walter E. . . .96, 188, 190. 191. 232, 478.... 479 Devine, Thomas 413. 425 Denny, George L 496 Devine, E 478 Devin, H. C 485, 486 Dew, Samuel A 505 Dey, Curtis T 491 Dey, Marvin H 484, 485 Deyoe, Daniel H., Jr 496 Dillingham, A. J 485 Dimon, J. J 495 Dixon, C. H 477 Dixon. Robert E 415 Dickey, John L 187 Dickinson, L R 473 554 11AN01300K OF BETA THETA I'J. 279, 439. Dickson. C. A Dilworth. William S. Dobyns, J. R Dohyns, W. C Dohvns, W. R Dodds. Ozro J 41,-). Dodson, J. M Dodge Norton D'Oench, Albert F D'Oench. Frederick E Doggett, Thomas Dohnic, Alfred R. L Doig, Stephen G Dole, Charles S Dole, Norman E Dolson, S. D Donnan. Don D Chas H F. R B. R. C. J. J F. H H William Leroy Chase Frank . . . . Godfrey K A. C Nate .482 w. Dorlittlc, Dorman, Dorr, L. Doud, L. Doiitjlas, Doucjlas, Douglas, Dow, E. Dowd, J. Downer. Downer. Downs, Downs, Doyle, W. B 234, 486, 4">8, 497, 498 499, 500, 501. 506 Drury. Marshall P 201. 4-)r), 477, 479. 480, 494, 49"), 496 Du Hose, P. C Dulancy, W. H Duliii. R. Smith Dumper, Arthur Dunbar, H. J Dunbar, J. G Duncan, A. P Duncan, J. A 489 4!^2 477 484 484 473 481 287 369 450 471 447 489 496 231 502 144 482 472 488 487 483 50fi 505 488 490 499 507 481 230 508 497 499 495 496 492 473 473 491 494 Duncan, J. E 492, 494 Duncan, John H....13, 14, 15, 17 187 Duncan, L. J 480 Dunham, H. K...491, 492, 499 Dunlap. Lee 484 Dunn. G. G 474 Dunn, Robert W 218, 270 492 Durham. J. C 484 Durham, Knowlton ...344, 499 Durham, Lee S...488, 489, 490 Durham. Roger 49S Durrell. R. T 474 Dutcher, F. L 491 Dwight, Henrv 450 Dwight, Russell S 506 Dyer, A. M 4S2 Dvcr, Fred K 490 Dvkc, Chalmers P 489 Earle. Guv C 480. 481 Earle. J. F 473 Easterbrooks. W. Y 503 Eastman, F. E 234 Eastman, John R.132, 333, 446 Eastman. Rov S 495 Eaton, C. C 499 Ebersole. Morris R 223, 496 Eichlin, Henry M 493, 497, 498, 499 505 Edgar, J. Todd 471 Edgar. J. G 418 Edgcrton. Alonzo J. ..218. 413. 414. 415. 425 42:'^ Edgcrton. M. W 275 Edmunds. Paul C 333, 416 Edsall. E. Tl 487 Edwards. Arthur 435 Edwards. Arthur R 439 Edwards. Elijah E....431, 476 Edwards, T. E 492 Edwards, T. J 485 E"-^deston. David 0...423, 427 Egglcston, Joseph D 427 INDEX OF NAMES. 555 Eiseman, F. B Ehrman, harrv . .480, 481, Elbert, H. H Elbert, Samuel H 420. 423 Eldridge,"R 'b.V.'.V.V.487". Elliott, A. E Elliott. I. H 428, Elliott, T. C 483. Elliott, T. J Elliott. William 416, Ellis, E. John Ellis. J. B 484. Ellis, Lyman VV Ellison. Stephen A Elmer. H. C Elmer. William T 144, Elmore, Samuel E Embree. Charles F Emery, H. A Embry, J. W Emerson, H. B Ensism. F. G 498. Entrekin, John C Ennerson, CIvde O Erskine. O. P Ernst, E. H Evans, A. L Evans, Henry Clay.... 436, Evan's, T. C Evans, K. N Evans. Thomas M Evans W Evers. E. H Eversall, F. K Ewart, A. A 493, Ewing. Alexander W Ewing, C. M Ewing. Preslev K Ewing. Zwingle W. . . .422, Fairbanks. N. H 481. Fairbanks. Franklin Fairbanks. J Fairchild. Hiram O -,: I 499 482 50.5 425 493 502 473 493 480 428 415 485 232 495 432 219 505 448 505 500 506 499 422 505 481 480 503 481 492 503 496 473 493 477 494 439 474 "425 475 483 422 500 422 Fairfax. H. R 333,480 Fairfield, Golding 507 Fairies, Isaiah 32 Falconer, John 479 Farber, Benjamin F...504, 505 Farmer, H. G 503 Farovid, J. R 492 Farrington. J. A 504 Farringtoii. Wallace R.... 488 Faude, Frank C 494, 49G Faude, P 498 Faust, A. B 487 Fearn, Richard Lee, 135, 204, 206, 207, 208, 211, 233, 279, 328, 333, 349, 451... 482 Fenimore, Edw. C 399 Ferguson, Charles L 234 Ferguson, J. W 488 Fernald Henry T 213, 424. 486, 4S7 490 Fernald. Robert H... 212, 489 Ferran, C. H 493 Ferris, Harry C 484 Fessenden. Wm. H 177 Fetterolf. Edw. H 401 Field, Scott 416 Field, William A 488 Fikes, Maurice 492 Finch, C. S 479 Finley. A. C 483 Fisk, Otis H 212. 489 Fisher, G. M 494 Fisher, B. F 493 Fisher, Michael M 429 Fisher, William L 496, 503 Fitch, A. M 472 Fitch, Clarence W 48S Fitch, George E 226 Fitch, George H 234 Fitch. John A 225 Fitchpatrick, N. G 506 Fitzgibbons. W. L 481 Flack. A. H 479. 480, 481 482 556 HANDBOOK OI-" BETA THETA PI. Fleager. Harry A 502, 503 507 Flemming, D. J 496 Fletcher, Charles E 505 Fletcher, G. M 483 Flenniken, Fred C 504 Flood, H. S 491 Flory, Walter L. .^S"), .-)02. 507 Floto, Julius 48b Folwell, Amorv P 444. 450 Fonda. C. Percv 498 Foote, T. Percy 506 Forbes, B. E 494 Forbes, C. H 484 Forbes, W. H 505 Ford, Arthur V 450 Ford, N. 491. Ford. Warwick S 495 Ford. \\. IT 491 Forrest, William S 7S Fosdick. W. P 503 Foss, Sam W 212, 21S, 270, 335, 44S 490 Foster, A. G 480 Foster, C. A 483 Foster, C. H 497 Foster, Robert V 432. 437 475 Foster, W. A 479 Fountain, W. W 473 Fowler, Charles 11... .2ir), 430 435 Fowler, C. S 48« Fowlkes, Henrv P 421 Frame, W. R 69 Fox, Geo. B. 478 Francis David R Iin, 160, 221, 302. 331. 345, 418, 419 451 Fra7.ee, Wm. D 428 Frazer, T. C 502 Frazier, F. F 503 Frazier, John L 442 Frazier, Robert 496 Freemaji, Henry E 496 French, J. Ad 477 Frisselle, J. E 498 Frvc. T. W 494 Fuller, William E 415, 418 Fullerton, William D..210, 484 Fullerton, Robert 506 Fullerton. T. A 41, 42 Funk, Benjamin F 450 Furst, Clyde B 217, 490 Gaines, Charles K 491 Gaither, Alfred 485 Galbraith, Robert C 41 Galloway, F. A 4S<^ Galloway. G. G 502 Gallowav, Samuel 423 Gallup, Frank A 486 Ganntt, James B 426 Gantz, E. J 87, 187 Gard, Homer 331, 485 Gardiner, A. M 505 Gardner, T. Y 78 Garland, David S 441 Garland, H. A 500 Garrison, Ernest 494 Garrison, W. C 493 Garrison, Winfred E 430 Garthe, Louis 233, 449 Garvcr, B. F .502 Garwood, Don A 189, 478 4.-S1 Gass, F. L 491 Gatch, Thomas M 429, 431 Gavin, James L...230, 457, 494, 498, 499, 501, 502. .. 508 Gates, Caleb F 431 Gaylord. H. B 503 Gaylord, H. C 471 Gebhardt, J. W 487, 48S Gee, R. N 500 Geier, O. P 494 Gerwig. Walter H 504 Gcyer, A. F 500 INDEX OF NAMES. 557 Gibbs, Barnett 420 Gibbs, E. E..... 493 Giddings, Corwin H 507 Gifford, Harold C 507 Gilbert, Barry 496 Gilbert, C. C 18, 445 Gilbert, J. 1 482 Gilbert, M. B 473 Gilchrist, Edgar L 504 Gillespie, John 436 Gillett, O. T 474 Gillette, Phillip G 439 Gilman, S 497 Gilmour, A. D. P 491, 495 Gilmour. S. A 498 Gilpin, J. E 486. 487 Glass, j. D 475 Glazer. Marcus L 489 Gledhill. Arthur R 490 Glenn, C. M 494 Glenn, John J 472 Glenn, Wilmer D 487 Glenn, Wilbur F 439 Glessner, E. J 499 Glover, John M 415 Glover, William F 426 Gobin. Hilary A 430, 433 Goheen, R. H 498 Goldsborough, Winder E. . 434 Good, J. Ed 134, 138, 482 4S3, 494 497 Goodhue, William C 427 Goodenow, C. J 477 Gooding, Henry Clay 425 Goodman, E 480, 485 Goodrich, Joseph A 489 Goodrich, Nathaniel L.... 225 Goodrich. Frank C 221. 495 Goodspeed. J. M 478 Goodwin. C. F 474 Goodwin, J. P 500 Goodwin, John R 428 Goodwin, John S 189. 190. 478 479 Gordon. John B 139. 216, 414, 415, 420. 445, 447 476 Gordon, J. C 333. 4:!<). 486, 487, 488, 489. 490. .. 491 Gordon, James L 303, 343 34S Gordon, Thos. B....13, 14. 15. 16 17 Gorman, E. A 502 Gorrill, W. H 493. 508 Gould, James f 443 Grant, A. N 81, 84, 455. 456, 476, 477, 436 495 Grant, John A 443 Grant. John H 369. 47 .. 479 480 Grant. Thomas H 507 Graham, J. G 472 Graham, J. P 48, 473 Graham, L. S 503 Graham, Thomas B 31 Granger, Miles T 416 425 Graves, Wm. L...226. 232. 235. 305, 490, 498. 500... 501 Gray, Ansley 78 Green, William F. .40. 426. 428 Greene, Ed C 503 Greene, Jesse A 490 Greenawalt S. E 486 Greer, S. R -486 Greer, W. J 487, 494 Griffin, Levi T 416 Griffin. T. J 472 Griffith. Arthur F 431 Griffith, C. A 497 Griffiths, .A.rthur E 495 Grigsby, L. A 500 Grosscup, Ben S 169. 191. 442 479 GrosscuD. Peter S 218 413 Grove, J. F 492 Grover. Ezra S 449 Grover. Ira G 472 558 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Grube, R. IT 481, 486 487 Gnilcc. C. G 497 Gruvcr, A. 497 Gudger, E. C 501 Gudger, Francis A 495 Gudger, H. B 504 Guest. J. W 483 Guild, William T 483 Gunnison, A. G 499 Gunnison. H. F 480 Gunnison. Stanley E. .233, 4.ifi, 497. 503 504 Gunnison, W. B 169 Gunsaulus. Frank VV..431, 433 Gunter. Walker T 413 Gwvn, J. A 493 Hackendorf. Walter C.... 507 Hagar, P. J 50.5 Hagler, Howard 486 Hagcnbuch, Frank 504 Hagenbuch, G. E 502 Haines Bernard C 506 Haines. W. N 505 Haines. William T 423, 475 480 Hale, L. P 347. 440 Halliday, R. C 480 Hall, Benton J 416. 418 Hall, C. A W4, 485 Hall, E. P 4S6 Hall, F 500 Hall, F. Dixon 482, 483 Hall, Jabez 55 Halm, G. M 87, 4,56, 477 Halsev. Jobn J 431 lianii)erlin, L. R 486. 490 Hamlin, H. J 488 Hamilton, Alexander K... 444 Hamilton, Arch W 16, IS. 20, 23. 25, 26 471 Hamilton David G....442, 474. 476, 482 483 Hamilton, E. A 498 Hamilton, J. A 47:; Hamilton, Wm. A 110, 145, 148, 195.. 204, 223, 255, 283, 455, 456. 4S1. 486, 488, 493, 495, 497, 498. 500, 501. 506, 507... 516 Hammond, C. R 477. 47.^ Hammond, J. J 485 Haney. Dick 426 Hanford. Franklin . . .227. 446 474 Hanna, John 416, 42S Hanna, J. Gal. .. .115. 12:!. 145, 148, 216, 229, 233, 250, 252, 282, 283. 455. 456, 480, 4.S1, 482. 4S4. 492, 493, 497, 498. 499... 502 Hanna. Will B 4S4. 485 Hanwav, W. A 473 Harbine. Thos 18, :20. 427 Hard, Dudley J...4SS. 492. 497 Hard, H. A .500 Hard, W 499 Hare, Hobart A 219, 347, 439 447 Hardawav, Robert A 445 Harden, Alfred S 495 Harder. W. J 487, 488 Hardie. George R 4S6, 49:; Hardin. Charles H. .11. 13. 14, 15. 17, 18, 212 419 Harding, E. C 483 Hardi-son, L. L 491 Hardy, Edward R 218, 223, 255, 490, 491, 492, 494. 495, 496, 497, 49S . . . .500 Harlan, James . ..225. 414, 418. 423, 424 429 Harlan, John M. .131, 216, 291, 331, 3.3.3, 334. .339, 412, 413 421 Harlow. John A 226, 228 Harmon, J. D 486. 4S8. 489 Harmon, E. C 488 INDEX OF NAMES. 559 Harper, Henry W 435 Harper, Robert G 424 Harris, M. D 499 Harris, James A 424 Harris, J. C 481, 482 Harris, Henry R 416, 418 Harrison, C. H 84, 85 Harrison, E. H 478 Harrison. Powell 427 Harrison, Z. D 57 Hart, Alexander 504 Hart, William E 504 Hartman, L. 497 Harvey, E. B 432 Harvev, T 500 Harvey, J. E 491 Harvey, Louis P...1S, 423, 419 427 Hascall, Lee C 482 Hastings, William T 489 Hatch, H. A 498 Hatfield, James 1 211, 434, 481 489 Hatsfield. H. W 506 Hattori. Ichizo 227, 421 Hawkins, J. W 498 Hawk, A. J 479 Hawley. J. B 501 Hawley, Joseph W 506 Hawortli, C. E 287, 482 Haworth. Erasmus 432 Haxall, Philip 447 Hav, Lawrence G...31 32, 33, 471, 479 481 Hayes, F. Eugene 507 Hayes, Lee 443 Hayner, F. M 474 Haynes, Artemas J 438 Haynes, R. J 478 Hays, C. H 498 Hays. Harry C 455 Hazzard, J. 1 481 Hazzard, Harry C 495 Heath, J. E 479, 480. 481 483 Heckendorf, W. C 505 Heckert, Charles G 430 HefYley, G. R 501 Hegeman, John C 504 Heisev, E. W 492 Helmle, George B 482. 483 Helsell, Charles A 506 Helsell, Frank P 507 Hemperly, William M 489 Hemsing, Maurice A 507 Henderson, P. F. . . . . .495, ,503 Henderson, Charles R. .64, 434 Hendrick, William J.. 428, 423 427 Hendricks, A. W 21, 440 Hendricks, L. A 338 Henson. Morris A 489 Hepburn, Andrew D. .126, 205. 243, 316, 338, 429, 472, 486 487 Hepburn, Chas M 129, 140, 195, 205, 207, 208, 217. 279, 316, 455, 484, 485, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494 49S Hepburn, W. C 493 Herbert. Charles T... 457, 491 Herdien. W. L 49S Herod. F. C 503 Herrick, G. E 4:^0, 494 Herrick, H. B 486 Herron. John W. ..29, 95, 96, 126, 1.53, 33,5, 338, 427, 440, 454 479 Hersey. Henry J 440 Hersey, Walter L 433 Hess, Emerson G 506 Hester, John C 473 He.ster, M. C 44 Hetherington, C. E 494 Hickok, C. E 487, 491 Hickman, William H 429 5o0 HANDDOOK OF BETA THETA PI. IliRht, J. J 482 llildcbrand, James B..492, 49:) Hildrup, W. T 480 Hill, Frank P 450 Hill, J. C 503 Hill, N. A 502 Hill, O. W 222, 492 Hill, R. M 494 Hill, Ralph N 506 Hills, James H 41 Hills, O. A 477 Hinman, W. E 503 Himes, Isaac N 209, 433 Hinkley, W. B 498 Hippard, G. F 56 Hirst, Augustine C 430 Hitchcock, H. A 498 Hitchcock, Henry L 408 Hitclicock, H. S 478 Hitchcock, Samuel P.. 227, 499 Hitt, Robert R 44. 333, 416. 418 419 Hoadiy, George ....25, 27, ;!4, 43, 119. 202. 206, 298. 330, 331, 420. 455. 471... 472 Hohlctzell, J. J 503 Hobson, J. C 84 Hodge, S. C 487 Hoffman, Arthur S 495 Hoflfman, T. T> 499 Hoffman, R. C 18 Hoffman, Henry W 415 T-Iogc, Eugene W 476 Holdredgc, Neil C 504 HoUaday, Alexander Q... 431 Holladay, L L 45 Holloway, John S. W.... 490 Holloway, Samuel 490 Holman, C. V 347 Holman, W. H 481 Holmes, Frank H 227 Holmes, G. W 502 Hood, F. C 479 Hood, William 442 Hook, Edw. B 44? Hooker, Henry S 427 Hooper, Thomas W 437 Hoover, A 480 Hoover, G. W 501 Hoover, P. M 498 Hopkins, Abner C 437 Hopkins, John C 503 Hopkins, John 144,219 Hoikins, Scott 411 Hopper, H. N 490 Hormel, F. C 475, 476 Hornbcck, Stanley K 231 Horton. B. B 492 Hoskins, George. .208, 287, 487 Hoss, Elijah r. 228, 436 Hoss, Sessler 503 Hougham, John S 451 Houston, W. M 21 Plouston, I. P 473 Howard, Jonas G 416, 428 Howard, John 473 Howard, Henry S 507 Howd, Emmott 488 Howe, C. M 493. 495 Howell, H. J 503 Hovt, Albert E 449 Hovt, A. P 480, 481, 483 486 Hubbell, O. Z 478 Hudson, Robert G 427 Hudson, Robert N 30 Huffer, S. W 499 Hughes, Arthur L 268, 479 480 Hughes, Isaac M 472, 489 Huggins. W. H 504 Hup'hcs, J. R 481 Hughes. T. W 473 Hulburt, W. H 494 Hull, George G 443 Hull, Horace A 504 Hume. Alfred 488 Hume, Howard 504 INDEX OF NAMES. 561 Hume, W. T 91 Humphrey, Cal . . .- 4>!7 Humphrey, M. C 503 Huhphrey, S. S 487 Humphreys, A. B 492 Humphreys, Karl E 507 Humphreys, Harrie M.... 218 Humphreys, W. P 496. 507 Hunker, John J 446 Hunnicutt, William L. C. . 430 Hunt, Albert W 496 Hunt, Reid 493 Hunt, William E 472 Hunter, Alexander ...286, 473 Hunter, Robert 450 Hunter, Willis R 496 Huston, S. A 498 Hyde, W. G 457, 484, 485 Inglehart, F. C...335, 435, 474 Inglehart, William ...480, 481 484 Iliff, Thomas C 435 Insley, Harry E...479, 506, 508 Irish, F. M 494 Irwin, Henderson 504 Irvin, J. N 475 Irvine. A. W 473 Isert. J. G. H 504 Israel, W. R 91, 480 Ives, Arthur S 489 Izlar, James F 416, 422 Jackson, Henry M 76, 221 ." 437 Jackson, Louis H 57 Jackson, M. H 9 503 Jackson, Robert D 430 Jackson, Thomas W. ..487, 488 Jacobs, H. H 491 Jacobs, Robert P 427 Jaggard, Edwin A 129, 224 426 Jaggard. William W 219 James, E. R 494 Jamison, Roy H 506 January. W. H...106, 267, 480 Jcnks, Nathan 493 Jenkins, Burris A 431 Jenkins, C. A 500 Jenkins, D. J 58 Jenkins, George R 490 Jenney, R. E 503 Jewell, F. C 493 Jobbins, W. E 481 Johanson. Joel M 231 Johnson, Bertrand R 496 lohnson, C. A 473 Johnson, D. M 473 Johnson, E. L 434 Johnson, Henrv H..14, 15, 16 17 Johnson. Martin N....415, 428 Johnson, P 486 Tohnson, William T 504 Johnston, B. R 506 Johnston, Chas. E 506 Johnston, F. P 50] Johnston, Geo. B..132, 333, 231, 438 Johnston, Herbert L 490 Johnston, James C 488 Johnston. R. M 502 Johnston, W. L 475 Johnston, W. N 476 Jones, Albert J 506 Jones, C. C 492 Jones, Edwin C 507 Jones. H. H 493 Jones, John H 471 Tones, J. R 506 Jones, N. W 491 Jones, Ralph. K, 216, 222, 255, 455, 457, 485 493 Tones, T. C 497 Jones. William S 490 Tones, W. T 504 Toy, Arthur B 496 Joy, C. S 502 Joyce, Arthur R 507 562 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Jovce, F. M., 12'J, 195, 203, 204, 226, 208. IS 16, 455, 480. 484. 485, 494 502 Judsnn, L. E 485, 486 Junpcrman, A. J 494 JungeTman, C. L 48!!, 486 JmiKerman, E. W 497 Jiincau. W. J 502 Junkin, A. C 311 Kaiser. John B 507 Kauffman, J. Calvin, 211, 470. 4St, 489 491) Kauffman. Samuel S..2()l. 482 Keating, David T 496 Kceler, Charles A 448 Kecler. Ralph W, 232, 233, 235 503 Keenc. George F 43!) Keener, U. II 501 Keep, William B 441 Kcever. B. M 493 Keigwin, Harry 472 Keller, J. A 473 Keller, William S 230, 235, 504, 505 Kellogg, D. 479,480 Kellogg, G. G 498, 499 Kellev. Will H 218 Kelsc''. William B 218, 493 Kendig, it. J 485 Kennedy, J. W 483 Kennedy, L. K 504 Kennedy, William S 447 Kennicott. Ransom E 491 Kent William 11 476. 481 Kerr, Charles V 444 Kerr, R. F 486 Ketcham, Chas. B 205 Kewshaw, Frank S....457, 487 Keys, B. S 477 Kiegwin, Harry 473 Kimball, Benjamin A 443 Kimball. T. R 494 Kimmel, Ira W 494 King, John C 507 King, R.J 497 King, F>ruce T 496 King, W. G 486 Kinkhead. Ellis G 233, 489 Kinman, E. M 478 Kinnear, Wilson D 443 Kinsev, W. M, .3.33, 335, 416 Kinsolving, Geo. H 221, 437 Kifizie, Robert A 444 Kipp, A. R r>{):>, 506 Kirkland, Bayley K....1S5, 480 Kirkpatrick, !.. R 501 Kirkwood. Daniel 4(>;. 434 Kissell, A. S 498 Kissell, H. S 492 Kleeberger, C. A 479 Klumpp. J. B 491 Knapp, Geo 498 Knapp. W. W 500 Knepper. E. H 502 Knight, A. H 500 Knight, R. R 501 Knittle, Alfred D 489 Knox, John Reilv, 9, 12, 13. 14, 126, 130, "l48, 151, 152, i85, 210, 220, 222, 234, 338, 352, 425, 454,... 488 Knote. T. W ,506 Koch, Albert C .505 Kranse, Arno D 231, 505 Kreimer, R. E 498 Kummel, Henry B 424 Kurtz, Charles J 507 Laas, C. F 494, 495 Ladd, S. W .501 LaForce, E. F 494 Lake, Rush C 484 Lamar, Joseph R 425, 456- Lampson, R. D. . . .486. 487, 488 Lampton, Thaddeus B.... 424 Lancaster. W. C 501 l.andis, Charles B 416- Landis, W. V. T 492 INDEX OF NAMES. 56' Landon, Melville D. .. . ^9, 448 Landrith. Ira 4;iv Langford, R. W 497 Lantis, Lee 496 Larick, B. F 498 Larkin, Arthur E 507 Larrabee, Wm. C 40r^ Larson, A. M 503 Larson, i^red A 50G Larus, John R 479 Lasher. George W 438 Lass, W. P 501 Latham, Mihon S, 414, 415, 410 44r. La Tourette. Louis 16(3 Lawrence, J. M 478 Laws, S. S 36, 429, 430, 471 Layton, R. D 492, 494 Leach, C. E 505 Leake, J. J 125, 128 Lederle, Ernest J 227, 439 Lee, Blewett H 442 Lee, Frederick S 434 Lee, John C 221 Leffingwell. Charles W... 438 Lehan, William H 496 Lehan, Sears 502, 503 Lemon, Charles A., 486, 487 489 Lent, E. B 488 Lentz, John J. 144, 335, 416, 455 480 Leonard, Charles H....439. 447 Leonard, Edwin Jr 446 Leonard. H. R 500 Leonard, W, E. C 496 Letherman. C, R 472 Levings. C. S 497. 499, 500, 501 Levings. Robert S 505 Lewis, C, C 483, 499 Lewis, DeLancey 503, 504 Lewis, E. F 482 Lewis, J. W 501 Lewis, M. F 501 Lewis, Miles W 427 Lewis, Robert E 2.33, 413 Lewis, W. S 479 Libby, O. E 494 Lilienthal Howard 433 Lindsay, J. E 473 Lindsay, Samuel M. . 227, 432 Lindsay, W. B 479, 480 Lingle, Walt(_r L 4S9 Linn, Alonzo 434 Linton, David 13. 14. 208 Little, Albert K 507 Little, C. H 475 Little. James F 34 Little. Lsaiah 471 Livingston. Augustus .... 177 Lobban. W. P 494 Lobdell. N. L 498 Locke, Owen A 432, 506 Lockey, R 5ui Lockwood, George R. .476, 4r^4 Lodge, Dr. Gonzalez 277 Logan, Frank 502 Loechler, H. F 506 Lonev, J 480 Long, Isaac J .431, 437 Long, James 19, 239 Loomis George 431 Lord, Frank E 269 Lothrop, Earl P 489 Loud, Henry S 444 Loner, Solon 203 Love, S. C 473 Lovett. Edgar 434, 487 Lovett, John L 221 Lovett, J. W 475 Lowden. Frank 0.234, 416, 428 Lowe, J. S 477 Lozier. Horace G, 158, 269, 507 Lozier, John H. 72, 266, 338. 435, 474, 475, 478.. . . .501 Lucas, E, D 501 Luckett, Samuel M 431, 437 5()4 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Lurton. Horace H., 218, 338. 426, 474 Lurton, Horace M 413 Luscher, Louis 481 Lyman, H. C 486 Lvnch, Augustus D. 4.54, ■473, 480 Lvnch. A. T O.-). 96 Lvon, James R 294, 424 Lvons. James 329. 333, 334 MacAlarney. Robert E 217. 218 Macbeth, Alex B 49.5 MacDonald, Jas. B 491 MacGregor, Donald 491 Machatton. B. R 49 1 Mack, H 48(5 Mackenzie. Jonh N 439 :\lackey, J. L 4i'^l MacRae. H. S 474 ^ifadison, C. R 486 Magce. Rufus 417 Magruder. William T.. 279, 484 Mahan Frank 477 Maiken. F. B 502 ^Maison. R. S.. 4S3. 484, 48-). 486 487 Maison, W. E 482 Makepeace, William D.167, 486 Malone, Booth M 440, 508 Mallard, Robert Q 437 Mann. Robert M 488. 497 Manley, Charles S 486 Manly, George C. .457. 4S5, 508 Manley, Mark 486 Alanley. Williston, 255, 486,491 Manning, E. T 499 Mansfield, Goo. W 176 Alansur, Isaiah 424 Markel. H. A 191 Marlovv. W. C 498 Marciuis. David C 436 Marsh, E. B 500 Marshall. Clifton G 264 Marshall, G. L 500 Marshall, Harry C 424 Marshall, Humphrey, 240, 415, 417, 418 445 Marshall, John 420, 501 Marshall, J. L 500 Marshall, Samuel Taylor, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 126, 142, 219, 309 316 Marshall, T. D 482, 484 Marshall, Wm. M 432 Martin, Andrew B 428 Martin, Charles 37 Martin, Edwin L 201, 481 Martin, Kino-sley L 489 Martin, Samuel K 446 Martin, W. A. P. .210, 226, .333, 343 448 Martin, Wm. S 18. 19 Marvin, John G 424 ALason, G. M 498 Mason, Rodney 20 Mafheny. W. A 504 Mathes. John 498 Mattern, Rov B 490 Matthews, C 486 Matthews, James 239 Matthews, Henry M 420 Matthews, Stanley, 80, 297, 412. 413, 414, 415. 423, 428. 445, 471 477 Matthews. W. B 481 Matson, Courtland C. .416, 421 Maxwell. Allison 4 75. 482 Maxwell. J M 473 Maxwell, W. W 490 Mavnard, L. C 492 McAdoo, V. C 494 Mc Alpine, John C 490 McAncnv, Leonard G 505 McAulev. Edwin H 59 McCausland, E. F 484 McDaniel, Alfred C 489 McDavid. John J 449 INDEX OF NAMES. 565 McDiarmid, Campbell J. . . 148, 4o:), 456, 4 93, 494, 495, 497 498 McDiarmid, Everett W... 219 McDill. James W. .41. 394, 414, 415 424 McDonald, E. M 474 McDonald, J. E. ..:'.;!i, :•,?,:] 414, 416 42U McDonald, J. H 481 McDonald, J. V 49() McDonald, R. F 491 McDonald, William F 427 McDowell, Harrv W 492 McCabe, Lorenzo D 429 McCabe, R. R 480 McCague, James A 219 McCain, A. A 485 McCarter, E. B 490. 493 McCarter, C. H 477 McCarter, R. R., Jr 492 McCanley, G. W 473 McCausland, E. F. .' 4S4 McClanghrav, Robert W. . 450 McClain, A 491 McClain, Donald 50:i McClain, Emlin 426, 433 McCleary, Daniel.. 18, 19, 20 239 McClelland Thomas. ..476, 4'^1 McClintock, John C 43G McColIoch. Robt. P 428 McConkev, T. G 482 McConnell, R. K 501 McCormick, John W. .416, 427 McCoy, J. W 478 McCulloh, William J 424 McClnng, D. W. .455, 472, 492 McClure, E. B 482 McClure, J. W 485 McElrath, Thos. J 428 McFarland, C. L 492 McFarlane. W. C 503 McGahie, Fred H 489 McGaw, James A. P 430 McGenniss, C. B 481 McGilton, Edmund G..230, 420 McGregor, William 473 Mcllwaine, C. R 479, 480 Mclllwaine, Richard. . ..4S. 293. 335, 427 430 McKean, H. G 48(> McKee, H. W 50 McKee, James F 472 McKee, J. L 126, 338, 472 McKee, Samuel 472, 473 McKeehan, Jos. A 495 McKenzie, J. H..483, 484, 485 McKibben, J. P 506 McKibben. H. D 503 McKillip, L. H 500 McKinley, Jos 498 McKinley, Robt. M 495 McKinnon, J. W 477 McLain, John S 449 McLaughlin, R. M 502 McLeau, N. Douglas 234 McLean, William P...416, 427 McLeod. J. F 4-^5 McMaster. Lerov 50."! McMillan, G. R 32 McMillin, F. C...478, 482. 483 McNab, J 499 McNab, Walter S 507 McNair, A. deR 482 McNear, F. W 489 McNeil, John R 505 McPherren, H. C 506 McPherson. Marcus L 42S McPherson, T. R 477 McRae, Charles S 420 McWhinnev Lerov 505 McWilliams, j. F.' 480 McVey, Alfred H 442 Mead, A. N 478 Meek. H. G 504 Mendenhall, James W 435 566 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Mendcnhall. Ihos. C. .264, :i33, 41S 431 Mcnough, L. D 499 Mcrcia. Charles 4;?() Mcrcur, Ulysses. . .21, 415, 425 Merkel. Arthur E 496 Merrick. Richard T 440 Merrill, Sanuici 419 Merrill, r. J 225, 499 Merrill, \V. C 494, 49o Mcrritt, Worth 48.3 Mertz, J. H 483 Merwin, Samuel.. 232, 233, 448 Michael, A. J 476 Miers, Rohert W.224, 410. 476 Miles, W. R 502 Millar, Samuel R 419 Millard, Julian 217, 223 Millard, B. F 23, 31, 471 Miller, Alfred J 489 Miller, C. W 493, 494 500 Miller. i'Ved J.... 488, 501 502 Miller, David R 437 Miller, E. T 502 Miller. Ceo. H 495 Miller. 11. A 500 Miller, John S 440 Miller, Melville W 230 Miller, O. R 502 Miller, Ralph B 230, 504 Miller, R. E 501 Milligan, M. S 4,52 Miller, S. D 472, 474 Miller, W. R 497 Mills, George M 507 Mills, Thomas R 427 MilKaps. Reuben W 447 -Millspaugh, V. W 499 Minor, Benjamin S 132, 333 Minton. Joseph C 279 Mitchell. C. S 503 Mitchell, G. S 476 Mitchell, Harvey F 279 Mitchell, H. W...213, 219, 227, 456, 487, 488, 402, 493, 498, 499. 501 502 Mitchell, Thos. G..19, 445, 471 Mitchell, W. S 499 Moffatt, J. E 56, 474 Moffett, A. D 482 Moffett, F. S 492 Monfort, E. R 436, 474 Monfort, F. D 493 Monfort, Francis C 436 Monroe. John N 234 Monroe, O. B 480 Montague, Andrew J. .227, 229, 345, 347, 420 495 Montgomery, H. Lucius... 4d5 Montgomery, John R. .484, 485 Montgomery, L 485 Montgomerv W. M 494 Moore, Alfred W 507 Moore, C. E 503 Moore. Clarence i> 496 Moore, David H.. . .60, 74, 95, 96, 153, 225, 226, 338, 429, 435, 454, 474, 473 .. . 475 Moore, D. S 482 Moore, Ellanson A 419 Moore, G. B 481 Moore, J. J 491, 493 Moore, John W., Jr... 489, 490 Moore, Joseph M 425, 426 Moore, Julian H .506 Moore Philip N 447. 475 Moore, R. V 3;6, 472 Moore, Wi. A 47S Moore, W. Cabell 496 Morehead. James T...422, 427 Morehead. John M 40 Moorehcad. J. R 481, 482 Morgan, Rich 78 Morgan, Robt. J. .426, 428, 442 Morgan, Y. P 489 Morris, Howard 441 Morris, James L 507 INDEX OF NAMES. 567 Morris, J. S 503 Morris, W. E 48G Morrison, J. B 477 Morrison, R. G 502 Morrison, S. A 4S7 Morrow, D. W 492 Morton, John 473 Morton, John M 4iy Morton, Oliver P...30, :!1, 33, 70, 414, 415, 417, 419, . .4rfi Morse, H. C 500 Moseley, R. B 503 Moulton, Frank W 493 Mower, C. K 485 Muller, Frank 275 Mulliken, E. W 472 Mullins. R. C 501 Mumford, Edward W 228 Munger, E. H 3G Munger, Theo. J" 226, 262, 264, 438 448 Munroe, OHver B 449 Murchison, K. M 40 Murphy. R. L 501 Murray, Earl W 231 Musser, D 480 Musser, S. G 501 Mussey, W. 455 487 Myers, C. T 497 Mvers, E. Roy 498 Mvers. W. J 503, 504 Naftzger. Rov E 506 Nail, R. H 59 Nance, Albinus 420, 422 Nasmith, Charles R 231 Nave, Orville J 435 Naylor. H. R 476 Neal, Benjamin E 228 Needham, Charles E 479 Neel, E. A 495 Nelson, J. P 89 Nelson, A. S 491 Nesbitt, G. A 480 Nesslage, J. H 477 New, J. A. 476 Newberry, John S 331, 416, 424, 432, 441 472 Newbrook, W. G.487, 488, 489 Newman, T. G 481 Newton, E. W 483 Nevins, Robert P 449 Nichols, Edwin B 499 Nichols, J. C 501 Nichols, Milton H 504 Nieman, Howard 497 Niles, H. G 481 Nimmons, Wm. T 504 Noble, John W...135, 212, 335, 33"^ 418 Norton, Charles A 471 Norvell, Robert M 489 Nutt. Cyrus 408 Nutting, T. D 472 Oakes, vviarren D 225, 457, 497, 498, 502, 506... 50S O'Brien, Charles F....233, 506, 507 Odell, Benjamin B.. ..154, 226, 229, 300, 341, 342, 344, 347 420 Odell, L. L 502 Ogbourn, J. H 491 Ogg, Frederic A 496 Oglesby, O. T 502 Olds, Ira 474 Olcott, C. S 480 Oliver, C. S 502 O'Neal, E. F 491 Oram, J. A 478 Orndorff, Robert B 505 Orr, Gustavus J.. 424, 434 Orr, T. G 506 Orr, Thos. X 340 Osborn, D. E 480, 481 Osborn, William 478 Osborn. Wm. K 32. 33 Osborne, Insley 507 Ostrander, F. W 490 5f)8 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Otis, E. P 482 Otis, H. B 492, 494 Otis, P. A 475 Overmeycr, John 422, 474 Oviatt, Thomas M 471 Owen, Joshua T 44.'). 449 Owen, Richard 424 Paddack, Alexander. 16, 17, 471 Page, W. Nelson 50.5 Paine, G. E 472 Paine, Halbert E..415. 418, 445, 471 472 Paine. Thomas F 507 Paine, Theo. H 472 Paine, T. S 471 Parker. Charles E 484 Palmer, Charles W 471 Palmer, Elliot B 490 Palmer, G. B 500, 501 Palmer, T. H 497 Palmer, W. D 495 Parent, F. D 499 Park. M. G 483. 484 Park, Orville A 489 Parker, Charles E 487 Parker, I. C 504 Parker, R. S 502 Parkhill Charles B 425 Parks, Clarence M 440 Parks, Hamilton 475 Parks, J. J 476 Parks, S. S 49.^ Parmelee, W. B 482 Parrish, C. J 490 Parrish, L. N 501 Parrott. Charles 44.3, 473 Parsons, Eli Burt 233 Parsons, Willard G 225 Parvin, Theophilis 3'31, 335 439 Pattee, C. H 499 Patterson, A. A. .487, 492, 493 Patterson. C. W ,500 Patterson, James K...430, 473 Patterson, John H 231 447 474 Patterson, R. P... 479, 480, 483 Patterson, W. K 473 Patterson, W. R 502 Pattison, John M.233, 416, 420 446 Patton, A. C 483. 484, 500 Paul, Amasa C 441 Payne, Charles M 437 Pearson, F. B 481 Pearsons, H. P 491 Prase. James F 505, 506 Peebles, John K 455 Peck, Raymond E 495 Peck, William Ware 425 Pcgram, George H 444 Peirce, Charles R 471 Pelton, Timothy D 33. 416 Pendleton, D. L 487 Pennev, Levi 472 Penny^ John P 422, 472 Penrose, Boies 221, 414 Penrose. Richard A. F. ... 434 Percival, F. R 482 Perkins, Eli 343 Perkins, Elliot L 496 Perkins, Geo. H 61, 424 Perkins, Louis G 439 Perkinson, W. H 480 Pcttibone, R. F 479 Pettit. W. V 491 Pfau, W. H 484, 485 Phelns, Delos P 418 Phelps, E. J 494 Phelps. W. F 486, 487 Philbrook, Earle W 506 Phlegar, H. J 505 Pickens, W. A 480 Pierce, Bradford K 435 Pierce, C. C 486 Pierce, David S 428 Pierce, Geo. E 408 Pierce, John 424 INDEX OF NAMES. 569 Pierce, Robert B. F. . .224, 416 479 Pilson, J. W. H 49S Pike, G. E 498 Pingree, M. A 480 Pinkerton, J. L 56 Piper, Judson E 232, 505 Pitkin, F. L 494 Pitts, Barton 480 Pitzer, A. W 333, 334 437 Place, Alfred W 495 Plaggmeyer. H. W 502 Planck, D. C 502 Platter, H 490 Plume, R. C 480 Pollard, E. B 485 Pollard, John G 426, 428 Pollard, Henry M 416 Pomerene, F. E 488 Poole, A. C 481, 482, 485 Poor, W. B 497 Pope. A. T 49, 428 Pope, C. J 481 Po-e, P. M 506 Poppleton, A. J. . . .92, 296, 441 479 Porter, Albert G. .110, 121, 240, 416, 417, 418 420 Porter, C. M 484 Porter. Edward H 219 Post. F. T 482 Post, L. L 505 Potter, Wavman H 436 Potter, Wilkins W 177 Poulson, C. A 493 Powe, Sam H 18, 19 Powell, J. E 478 Powell, Robert 428 Powell, Thomas B 496 Powers. O. H 483,493 Pratt, A. P 493 Pratt, H. F 505 Pratt. John F 446 Pratt, William H 444 Preston, Thomas L. . ..437, 476 Prettyman, Virgil 489 Pretzman, C. J 483 Price, Thomas R...78, 209, 228 433 Price, Oscar F 428 Priest, Henry S. ..218, 413, 442 476 Priestley, William T 489 Pritchard, W. H 478 Proudfit. Stanley 481 Prugh, John H 438, 479 Prvor, William R 438 Pugh, W. A 482 Pugsle- Jacob J 333, 415 Pyle, W. H 472 Pythian, J. L 487 Quail, H 472 Quay, Matthew S..213, 221, 2R0, 333, 414, 415, 423... 472 Ouick, Frank P 505 Quinn, Arthur H. .222, 228, 448 Radliflf, Kelton C 485 Radliff, Kelton C 487 Ragsdale, O. M 503 Ramsauer, Wm. H....504, 505 Ramsay, G. J 480 Ramsay, James S 436, 486 Ramsey, G. A 494 Ranev, George P 423, 425 Rankin, C. F 491 Rankin, George C...87, 93, 188, 190, 456, 476 477 Rankin. J. E 473 Rankin, R. C 478 Rankin. William T 442, 477 Ransom W. C...78, 88, 95, 96, 114, 126, 145, 169, 171, 193, 201, zi)i, 222, 223, 283, 310, 338, 451. 457, 471, 472, 477, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484 492 Ransom, W. Wilfred 496 Ransome, Frederick L. . . . 451 570 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Raub, C. H 499 Rawlins, Joseph L. 221, 414, 415 Ray, F. W 500 Rav. John W 423 Ray, R. H 506 Ra-moiul, C. B 486 Raymond, Jerome H...223, 429 Read, H. C 481 Read, James F 424, 443 Read, W. W 493 Reagan, A. W 471 Reagan, Tmomas 471 Reamy, T. A. . .95, 96. 408, 439, 454, 477, 492, 493, 494, 495. 500, 501 504 Rcaney, James 480 Reasoner, F. M 502 Reed, G. W 485 Reese, Harry A 489 490 Reeves, Henry A 416 Reid, A. M. . ". 472 Reid, William T 429 •Rcnilcy, Milton ...218,423, 428 Reynolds, 11. R 499 Reynolds, James IM 442 Reynolds, Jos. C 339 Reynolds, VV. Z 501 Rice, Ernest 422 Rice, H. H 474 Rich, A. 1) 487 488, 489 Rich, Charles A.. .385, 4.'')0, 486 Rich, F 491 Richards, F. F 502 Richards, J'Vank 1 490 Riciiards. J. R 494 Richardson, A. B 477 Richmond, Russell W. .225. 498 Ridenour. W. A 501 Rider, Ira E 417 Riggs. T. D. S 70 77 Riggs, Robert B 424, 434 Riley, Geo. W 495 Riley, J. S 503 Rile, Walter B 496 Rippey, C. H 473 Risley, Samuel D 439 Ristine, Frank H 505 Ristine, H. T 501 Rives, Timothy 426 Rixford, L. P 491 Robb, Willis 93. 96, 110, 115, 130, 148, 190, 191, 194, 195, 203, 210, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 229, 233, 289, 348, 454, 456, 4'83, 479, 482, 48,3, 488, 489, 494, 497, 499, ,500 505 Roberts, John 4v;i Roberts, Willis E 506 Roberts. W. 476, 477 Robertson, A. L 475 Robertson, C. J 481 Robertson, J. B 485 Robertson, R. A. H 25 Robinson, Bascom H 446 Robinson. C. H 49S Robinson. C. K 503 Robinson, Harry S 507 Robinson, J. J 481 Robinson, Oliver 505 Robinson, R. C 497 Robinson. Samuel A 496 Robison. John A 188, 478 Rodgers, J. F 492 Rogers, T. H 473 Rogers, Walter B 505 Rohbach. James A 218 Rollins, Thomas S 491 Rollins, Wallace E 489 Rominger. J. A 493 Rooney, Frank M 215, 487 Roper, D'Arcy W 496 Rose, T T 4r7 Rosebro, B. M 492 Rosebro, T. N 184 Rosebro, J. W 475 Roscr, S. D 4b4 INDEX OF NAMES. 571 Ross, E. B 500 Roth, J. J 506 Rothrock. M. W 500 Rouse, A. B 494 Rowe, Percy 4S7 Rowse. E. J 502 Roys, Cvrus D 441, 434, 485, 486 487 Royse. Clarence A 490 Rovster, W. S 498 Ruby, H. W o02 Ruf, Louis F 211 Ruger, Karl 472 Ruggles, E. F 490 Ruhm, J. J. G 483 Ruhm, Herman D 488 Rumble, H. H 486 Runyan, Edw. W 195, 455 Runyon, Charles 492 Rusk, J. T 474 Russell, Antoine E....219, 494 Russell. W. E 483, 493 Rust. A. L 498 Rvan, Michael C...13. 14, 310 Ryors, Alfred 474 Ryors, Robert S 50, 428 Saal George F...497, 483, 484 485 Sabine. Wallace C 226, 433 Sackett, J. T 483 Safford. James M. 240, 424, 434 Safford. J. P 473 Sailor. Robert W 503 Sale, Lee 484 Salisbury. Rollin D 432 Salsich, LeRoy 499, 500 Salter, W. M 475 Sample. J. L 473 Sanborn, Joshua M 484 Sanderson, J. A 476 Sandford, Henry P 472 Sanford, E. P 499 Sanford, Edw. W 4-33 Sanford, H. L 48G Sanders, A. D ,501 Sapp, Raymond 506 Sato, Aimaro 232, 329, 333, 334, 41/ 473 Savage J. B 267 Savage, Watson L 228, 432 Sawyer, Rollin A. 347, 471, 472 Sawyer, Ward B 488, 489 Sayler, J. A 499 Sayler, Milton ...497, 500, 504 507 Scales, Junius 1 40 Scales, N. E 40 Schaffer. Thos. L 495 Schaumberg, William H.. 507 Scheucrman, J. L 496 Scheuerman, Wm. E 432 Schindler, Andrew D 442 Schleicher, G. 1 500 Schmitt. Cooper D 275 Scholl, George 438 Schuh, R. E 482 Schweer, S. H 497 Scofield, L F 500 Scott, Angelo C 431 Scott. Charles F 416 Scott. E. S 474 Scott. Frank H...208, 455, 486, 487 491 Scott, Harvey D 416 Scott, Jay H 489 Scott, John L 471 Scott, Milton M 428 Scott. William H .429, 430 Scott, Wm. M......26. 27. 43 Scovel James W 423 Scoville, L. P 481 Scudder, Townsend... .224, 415 426 Seabury. Arthur G 506 572 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Seaman, C. J. ..71, 97, 106, 113, 171, 201. 245, 247, 265, 267, 454, 475, 476, 477, 478, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486 487 Seaman, Halleck W 443 Seay, G. E 78, 426 Sellers, G. M 502 Sercomb, Royal C 495 Sessums. David 221, 437 Settle, E. F 480 Seymour, Fred H 169 Sliackelford, J. W 476 Shafer, Walter G 504 Shaffer, T. L 495 Shannon, E. L 485 Shannon, J. H 485 Shannon, Robert M 488 Sharp. Lcedom 129 Shaw, Horatio W 149 Shaw, T. W 475 Shedd, Frank K 260 Shccks, Benjamin 440 Shelton, Charles E 431 Shepard, H. L 500 Shcpard, William H 507 Shcpardson, Dan 486, 488 Shcpardson, F. W 201, 203, 204, 205.. 206, 207, 210, 212, 217, 219, 221. 226, 229, 230, 233, 234, 261, 262, 338.. 433, 456, 481, 482 490 Sheppard, Funnan 440 Sheppard, William C. .204, 218 4^2 Sherburn, J. H 497 Sherer, J. N 497 ShcTifT, A. R 493 Sherman, Lewis 506 Sherman, Maurice S 449 Shcrrard, Jno. H 43 Shields, Chas W...27, 432, 447 Shields, J. J 477 Shipley. George 449 Shipp, M. B 45 Shiras, Oliver P 413 Shircman, Eugene C 495 Shirk, Henry 473 Shives, George A 449, 485 Shontz, Harry B 496 Short, J. W 473, 475 Showalter, John W 218, 413 Shryer, O. W 475 Shuman, R. W 502 Shyrer. William A 495 Siebert, W. H 126, 455, 457, 485, 486, 487 493 Sigcrfoos, Chas. P 457, 488 Siegfried, C. R 501 Sigmund, Fred L 438 Sigmund, J. Luther 496 Silliman, E. E 480 Simmons, A. P 498 Simmons, J. E 500 Simon, Charles E 487 Simon, H. E 494 Simonton, T. Grier 489 Sims, Charles N. . .111, 201 429 482 Sims. Robert R 506 Simpson, L. W 493 Simpson, P. D .502 Simpson. R. L 485 Sinex. Thomas H 431 Siphcr, J. A 494 Sisson, Edward 431 Sisson, Francis H....146, 148, 220,. 222, 223, 269, 456, 457. 490, 493, 496, 497 499 Skilcs, R. C 499 Skinner, Cornelius 482 Skinner, E. B 4S5 Skinner, J. H 477 Slanght. H. E 483 Slavton. A. N 220, 493 Sleicher, G. T .502 INDEX OF NAMES. 573 Slocum, W. G 505 Smith, Albert B 504 Smith, Addison G 441 Smith. A. H 485 Smith, Benjamin L....4:i8. 478 Smith, Chas. H 448 Smith, D. C 491 Smith, E. F 485 Smith, E. W 487 Smith. G. V 491 Smith, H. J 493 Smith, H. L 481 Smith, Henry M 472 Smith, H. R 444,. 477, 486 Smith, Raymond H 507 Smith. Harold W 495 Smith. James 42?. Smith. James G 12, 13, 14, 15. 17 494 Smith, John D. K 442 Smith. J. W. B 492 Smith, Luther M 430 Smith, L. S 476 Smith, M. S 5ut) Smith. Osborn L 430 Smith, Raymond W 503 Smith, R. H 485 Smith, Robert E 478 Smith, Robert W. .65, 105, 130, 171, 445, 454, 471, 472, 475, 478, 479,. 480, 484 486 Smith. Ruby J .505 Smith. Thomas C 496 Smith, Thos G 482, 484 Smith, Willoughby W.331, 438, 480 481 Smith, W. P 486, 487 Smith, W. T 129, 484,. 494 Smith, Winfield R 252, 440, 486 487 Smoot, Richard K 437,473 Sneed. F. W 484 Snell, B. H 491 Snow, Henry 17, 471 Snowden, S. ouy 483 Snyder, Alonzo M 138, 482,, 483 500 Snyder, Henry 20 Snyder, J Winslow 106 Somerville, R. C 493 Sommers, Charles L. ..489, 490 494 Sommer, E. A 443, 493 Soper, Pliny L 484 Sparrow, Robert G 275 Spaulding, John C 234 Spaulding, O. L 493 Speare, Edw. Ray 447 Speed, K 500 Speers, Fred'erfck W 449 Spellmire,. W. B 497 Spencer, Elihu 428 Spencer, William B...415, 425 Spinning, Geo. L 56, 335 Spofford, C. W 494 Spofford, Parker 424 Sprague, Almerin R 447 Sprague, C. S 449, 485 Sprague, Will C..195, 204, 226, 228, 304, 338, 440, 481 487 Springer, Wm M....44, 45, 144, 218, 333, 334, 413... 416 Stabler, Jordan H 507 Stafford, Charles L 430 Stahl, Frank 494 Stalder, H. G 492, 501, 502 Stalker. F. M 482 Stanley, C. E 475 Stanton. William A . . . 184, 438 Staples, John A 177 Stark, John D 489 Starr, F. M 486, 487 Steed, G. Hubert 504 Steele, E. L 491 Steelman, A. J 499, 500 Stephens, George E...217, 491 574 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Stephens. G. W 503 Stephens, William P 450 Stephenson, Boyd 502 Stephenson, B. S 500 Sterling, J. Bowman 490 Stcrctt, James P 425, 472 Stem, Arthur 477 Stetler, H. S 479, 480. 481 482 Stewart, F. L 472 Stewart, H. L 483 Stewart, Wm. M 43 Stevens. Edward B 20, 184 475 Stevens, E. C 482 Stevens, E. M 483 Stevens, F. M 492 Stevens, M. C 481 Stevenson, D. R 472 Steven.son, R. R 125 Stevenson, William E 422 Stile, Theodore L 425, 427 Still, S. S 433 Stilson, J. 475 Stilson, J. S 266 Stokes, Edward C 231,. 349 420 Stone, Dwight G 507 Stone, K 493 Stone, Robert R 231. .504 Stone, T. Ritchie 333 Stone, W. F 106, 414, 425, 428, 441 480 Stoney, Gaillard 499. .500 Stonex, A. S 503 Storm, F. E 503 Story, Carroll F 505 Stover. Roy W 224 Stowell, A. D 311 Strang, Lewis C 450 Strange, William G 445 Stratton, Riley E 425 Stream, T. G 479 Street. J. E 4'S6 Strietman, William H.500, 501 Strohbar, Thos. S 505 Strong, Hiram 32 Strouse, F. E 492 Stuart, T. W 503 Sturges, J. J 480 Stutesman, J. F 482 Styles, H. Roy 496 Summers, John H 507 Sumner, Arthur P.... 482. 483, 485, 486, 506 507 Swan, Lawrence W 507 Sweenev, Zachary T 419 Swindell, W. B 501 Switzer.. G. W 47.) Sykes, R. E 482 Sylvester, J. W 493 Tabor, Roy B 496 Taggart, F 477 Taggart. Rush 440 Talbot, John G 51 Talbot, Minton W 488 Talbot. Thomas 488 Tanner, Edward A 430 Tappan, David S.. 152, 225. 429 Tarkington. John S 472 Taylor, Charles H 497 Taylor, D 472 Tavlor. F. C 506 Taylor, L. W 483 Tavlor, W. S 482 Templeton, Samuel M . . . . 437 Terrel, Edw. H. .. .97, 113. 216, 245, 247, 417, 475. 478, 480, 483 484 Terrell. Fred 477. 473 Terrell, Maverick 284 Terrill. Anderson W 507 Terwilhger, P. P 483 Tevis, Charles C 505 Thatcher, F. H 481 Thaver. Walter 478 Thirkield. Wilbur F...433. 435 Thom, Alfred P 427. 441 INDEX OF NAMES. 575 Thorn, W. A 477 Thorn, W. T 74 Thomas, C. M 505 Thomas, Charles S....489., 490 Thomas, D. F 491 Thomas, D. H 494 Thomas, Edward L 445 Tliomas, W. R 482 Thompson, Charles W.... 177 Thompson, Cyrus 423 Thompson, Ellis D 166 Thompson, Geo. N 40 Thompson, Henry 222 Thompson, J. C 478 Thompson, J. M 475, 497 Thompson, J. W 477 Thompson,, R. M..162, 224 230, 456, 494, 497, 498, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506 507 Thompson, R. S 485 Thompson, S. D 499 Thomson, William 507 Thornberry, F. L 504 Thornburg. C. L..148, 149, 216, 356, 455, 456, 457, 486, 487, 488, 492, 493, 494 495 Thornton, Thomas V 474 Throop, E. L 497 Thurber, A. E 503 Thurston, Gates P 440 Thurber. J. M 504 Thurston, C. R 483 Tillinghast, E. R 483 Tinkham, G. L 503 Tinning-, Louis 497 Tisdel, Frederick M 430 Tobey, Walter L 255 455 488 Todd, E. E 494 Tolman, Herbert C 434 Tolman, William H...229, 450 480 Tompkins, De Loss M.... 436 Toney, R. B 498 Topping, Fred J 495 Topping, H 500 Tosh, L. D. L 78„ 477 Tower, James E 449 Townes, John C, Jr 507 Townsend, Hosea 333, 413 417 Trabue, Charles C 490 Tracv, Edward L 445 Tratt, Paul 499 Treat, Charles H 233, 418 Treadway, R. B 492 Trest. B. G 482 Trimble. Henry H 420, 442 Trimble, J. G 481 Trousdale, Julius A... 422, 47.5 Trumbull, D. S 494 Trumbull. M. K 493 Tucker, Henry St. G. .231, 333, 335, 416, 432 451 Tucker, J. B 482 Tull, S. P 340 Tunison. J. S 265, 269, 331 Tunstall, W. P 501 Tupper,. Paul Y 484 Turman. W. L 504, 505 Turner, C. A 474 Turner, J. 491 Turner. William C 473 Tuttle, Burton B 497,495 Twining, William J 446 Tyler. B. W 489 Tvrrell, W. B 506 Ullom, Joseph T 496 Underwood, Owen C 488 Upton,. C. G 481 Upton, Edmund C 495 Upton, Ernest B 506 Urmston, C. L 481 LIrmston, T. H 472 Uttley. W. W 491 Valentine, B. W 499 576 HANDBOOK OF BETA Til ETA PI. Vance, L. M 476 Vandcnbark, Charles S.... 489 Vaiidelinder, George E.... 507 Van, Devanter. Willis. 228, 413, 418 425 Van Doren. G. B 492 Van Dvke, Percy H 496 Van Kirk. Charles C. .426, 482 Van Ness, J. R 482 Van Orden, Max H oO'i Van Ornum, John L 431 Van Syckel. Elbridge 166 Van Winkle, Winant 498 Vaughan, F. E 494, 495 Vaughn, M. M 479 Vca, Charles M 425 Veech, B. B 480 Velde, F. S 484 Venable. Charles S....429, 434 Volpe, Frank G 50ft Voorhees, Daniel W. . . .69 216, 221, 333, 414 415 Wadsworth, William H . . . 507 Wait, W. H -.iD^ Waite. Ossian T 495 Walker, Charles D..77, 81. 179, 180, 182, 184, 185, 186, 229, 267, 456, 476, 477 478 Walker, Ernest 424 Walker. F. M 203 Walker, James M 441, 443 Walker, J. W 472 Walker. Robert F 423 Wall, George W 427 Wallace, David A. .32, 430, 437 Walters, C. E 497 Wambaugh, Eugene . .108, 117, 204,. 205, 434, 455, 456, 464, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484 485 Ward, J. E 494 Ward. L. M 492, 493 Ward. Lvman C 489 Warren, C. P 502 Warren,, Eugene 478 Warren. Harry C. .71, 473, 475, 476, 477, 483 487 Warren, Henry W 435 Warren, Wm. M 126, 231, 333 430 Warren, W. R 43iS, 487 Warwick. W. K. L 22, 113. 134, 455, 480, 481, 483, 488 490 Washburn. Albert H..208, 411 441 Waterhouse, C. F 482 Warne, Frank J 224,449 Warner, F. W 494 Warnock, James 36 Watkins, Oscar L 490 Watson, E. H. B 501 Watson, H. A 494 Watson, James C 408 Watson, Walter A 427 Watson, William P 454 Waugh, Joseph 216 Weatherbv. Samuel S 430 Weaver, Edwin 488, 489 Weaver. E. E 483 Weaver, John 472 Weber. Herman C 220, 491 Weber, J. H 498 Weber, 0. A 501 Webster, A. P 486 Wedemeyer, Otto F 495 Weedman, Casius 480 Weeks, E. M 494 Weiss. Charles R 507 Welborn. M. J 497 Welker, Phillip A 446 Weller, O. C. 476 Welles, Frederick A 496 Wells, Calvin 447 Wells, Ebenezer T 426 Welsh, Franklin M 207, 485, 487 INDEX OF NAMES. 577 Werheim, W. P 503 West, Andrew t 234, 433 West, Nath 31, 233 West. William H . .'37, 420, 423, 425 426 Whaley.. G. H 492 Whallor.. Edward P 436 Wheat, Howard 1 506 Wheeler, Charles S. . . .227, 441. 483 4^4 Wheeler, M. W 502 Whedon, J. C 492 Whilden, W. G 493 Whinerv. M. R 500 Whitaker, A. C 485 Whitaker, George E 435 White. Alfred F 428 White. H. C 268 White; William C... . 202, 479. 481 483 Whitehead, F. C. 485, 486, 488 Whitehead, Harry W 490 Whitman, A. E 493 Whitmore, L. C 500 Whitney, Ernest H 507 Whitnev, John IS Whittaker, J. T 439,. 474 Whitthorne, William J 416 Wickersham, J. A 478 Widmer, Sheldon W 507 Wiegand, H. H 485 Wienhober, George W.... 232 Wilcox, F. E 482 Wilcox, Paul 479 Wilcox, R. A 493 Wilcox, Wallace J 443 Wilder, Webster 222, 496 Wildman. L. D 487 Wiley. E. W 499 Wilhelm. L. W 480 Wilkerson, George R..496, 498 Wilkinson. Guv 484 W'ill, Henry C 475 Will, Roland T 507 Willard, Frederick R 505 Williams. B. F 501 Williams. C. C 478 Williams, Charles D.. .232, 437, 480 484 Williams, Elkanah 439 Williams, E. A 485 Williams, Edmund H 443 Williams, L. A 501 Williams, Henry A 228, 455 457 Williams. L. T 494 Williams, Meade C 436, 473 499 Williams, Oscar F 419 Williams, Roger . . .68, 71,. 243, 475 476 Williams, R. G 491 WiUiams, S. C 486 Williams, Syl G...96, 191, 195, 201, 204, 454, 481,, 482 483 Williams, William D 439 Williamson, C. R 494 WiUiamson, J. E 481 Williamson, Samuel E. . . . 265. 442 473 Wills, Ebenezer T 427 Wills, Reginald W 224 Willson, L. F 505 Wilson. Archibald A 496 Wilson, Charles B 434 Wilson, F. C..57, 439, 473, 477 Wilson, H. S 476 Wilson, James 473, 484 Wilson. John D 507 Wilson, Joseph G...32, 33, 243,. 415 423 Wilson, Joseph K 43S Wilson, Joseph R 437 Wilson. Luther B.231, 435, 474 Wilson. R. U 481 Wilson, S. N 266 Wilson, W. G 475 578 HANDBOOK OF BETA THETA PI. Wlingate, James 495 Winkloy, H. W 4S2 Winne, Charles K 496 Winter, S. G 500 Winters. Jacob 472 Wishard, D. M 499 Wise, John S 146, 220, 221, 294, 331, 335, 343, 416, 423, 447 476 Withers, E. P.... 125, 132, 335, 427 423 Withrow, S. P 485 Witmer, J. F 484 Wolcott, D. B 494 Wolcott, Roger H 504 Wood, De Volson 408, 434 Wood, Horatio G 450 Wood, Luke 477. 47'^^ Wood, Robert W 435 Wood, Thomas D 483 Woods, John 473 Woods. WilHam R 27. 412. 413 422 Woodbury, B 503 Wooden. C. R 485 Woodman, H. H 495 Woodrow, T. R 497 Woolsey, R. D 501 Wordworth, Ed. K 495 Work, Norman R 230, 507 Works, Charles A 78 Worrall, John B 480, 487 WV)rtcndykc, R. J 480 Wright, Christopher C 441 Wright C. T 494 Wright, George B 221, 443 Wright, Henry M 474 Wright, W. E 497 Wright, William J 438 Wrightson, E. C 505 Wurts, William H 505 Wyman. J. A 506 Yaw, Mvron B 495 Yerkes, John W. .226, 418, 420 Yocum, A. D 486 Yoe, Harry 505 Young, Charles A 230 Young, Frederick G 42.' Young, Geo. F 426, 435 Young, Henry B 475, 494 Young, John S 415 Young, L. L 125 Young, R. Harvey. .81, 83, 95, 96, 454, 456, 477, 478, 480 485 Young, Samuel H 436 Young. W. C 338, 430, 436 Young, W. 473 Zachos. John C 23, 239, 335, 417, 434 471 Zueblin,. Charles N 434, 485, 486, 487 488 UC SOUTHrRN RFCItlNAL I IRRARY FACILITY AA 000 497 261