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FRANZ THIMM'S
SERIES
OF
CLASSICAL, EUROPEAN
AND
ORIENTAL GEAMMAES
AFTER AN
EASY AND PRACTICAL METHOD.
PART XH.
THE TURKISH LANGUAGE.
LONDON:
FRANZ THIffll.
EUROPEAN AND OKIENTAL BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER.
24 BROOK STREET, GROSVENOR SQUARE W.
1877.
TURKISH SELF-TAUGHT
OB THE
DEAGOMAN FOE TEAVELLEES IN THE EAST,
BEING A NEW
PRACTICAL AND EASY METHOD
OF LEARNING THE
TUEKISH LANGUAGE.
BY
ABU SAID.
M
VOCABULARY GRAMMAR-DIALOGUES
DICTIONARY.
LONDON:
FRANZ THIMM.
BUEOPEAN AND ORIENTAL BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER.
24 BROOK STREET, GROSVENOR SQUARE W.
1877.
PREFACE.
A new and improved
System
of learning Foreign Languages.
The study of Foreign Languages having become general,
the methods of teaching them have altered and improved,
so as to unite the changes which philology has suggested,
with those which the comparison of languages has taught.
The publisher has had this aim in view in the Series of
Foreign Grammars which has been issued under the title of
FEANZ THIMM'S
Series of Classical, European and Oriental Grammars
after an easy and improved method.
These Grammars combine Theory with Practice, and
follow the ideas which eminent men have adopted, as to the
clearest and most rational method of teaching languages.
On these valuable principles the following grammars
have been published :
for the German Language by MEISSNEE.
- - French by AHN.
- Italian v by MAECHETTI.
- Spanish - by SALVO.
- Portuguese - by CABANO.
- Danish - by LUND.
- Swedish by LENSTEOM.
M128662
VI
for the Dutch Language by AHN.
- Russian by ALEXANDEOW.
- ModernGreek- by VLACHOS.
- Icelandic by BASK.
- Latin by SEEDENSTUCKEE.
- Hebrew - by HEEXHEIMEE.
But for the
Oriental Series
principally intended as a Dragoman for travellers, a new
plan had to be devised, as all Eastern Languages offer great
difficulties to learners in consequence of their written charac-
ters.
All Oriental Grammars hitherto published have been for
the learned, nothing has been done for the general Public,
and for them this Series is intended.
That it shall be possible for any one to take up the
study of an eastern language without a master has been
the editor's ruling idea, and: on this principle will be issued
the Grammars for the Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Hindos-
tanee and other Eastern Languages.
INDEX.
First Course.
Page
The Pronunciation 1
The Alphabet 1
Vowels and orthographical Signs . . 4
The pronunciation of the letters 6
Remark to the student 7
Pronunciation of the letters 9
Part I.
Vocabulary and Exercises . . . . 17
For the pronunciation of letters 17 46
Part II.
Introduction to the grammatical form 47
The article 47
The substantive 47
Declension of the noun 48
The adjective . 55
Comparisons of adjectives 55
Formation of adjectives 55
Numerals 58
1. Cardinal numbers 58
2. Ordinal numbers 60
3. Fractional numbers 61
4. Distributive numbers 61
Pronouns 62
1. Personal Pronouns 62
2. Possessive Pronouns 63
Specimens of Declension with possessive affixes ... 65
3. Demonstrative Pronouns 67
4. Relative Pronouns 67
5. Interrogative Pronouns 68
6. Indefinite Pronouns . 69
VIII
Page
The Verb 70
Conjugation of the Auxiliary Verbs 73
Conjugation of the Impersonal Verbs 79
Conjugation of regular Verbs 83
Conjugation of a negative Verb 91
Adverbs 95
Postpositions 100
Conjunctions 101
Interjections 102
A few practical Phrases 103
Practical English and Turkish Dictionary 111137
Coins used in Turkey 137
TURKISH LANGUAGE
FIEST COURSE
THE PRONUNCIATION.
THE ALPHABET.
The Turkish Alphabet is composed of the 33 following
letters represented by 17 primitive letters only; all of
which are written, like most Eastern languages, from the
right hand to the left. Each letter assumes a different
form, according to its position at the beginning, middle
or end of the words.
The following characters are written 1. when totally
unconnected with any other letter. 2. when at the end
of a word, or joined only to the letter preceding. 3. when
connected with the preceding and following letters.
4. when at the beginning of a word, or joined only to
the letter following.
Turkish Grammar.
2
Name.
Form of Letters.
Pronunciation.
Uncon-
nected
Cha-
racters.
Joi
Final
Con-
nected
Pre-
ceding
only.
ied to le
Middle
Con-
nected
or Pre-
ceding
and fol-
1 lowing.
tter.
Initial
or fol-
lowing
only.
Primitive Letters.
Alif
1
I
1
a, e, i a very soft sound
never joined to let-
Bay soft
V
*
A
J
-
b bay. [ters following.
Pay hard
V
V
*
f
P pay.
Tay s.
*
0,
A
J
t tay.
Say s.
*,
*
A
j
s ss like the french g.
Djim s.
c
1
gj
C
dj dch.
Tchim h.
>>.
^
t tch hard.
V
V
Hah h.
c
t
*v
-
h hah strong h.
Khay h.
t
e
*!
1
kh like chin the scotch
word loch, or ger-
Dal s.
*
&
'
d day -soft, [man ch.
Dsal s.
b
tX
-
z, ds soft like the
I
french z in zele
?
Ray s.
)
//
)
r err
oined to
Zay s.
)
>
z soft, as z in zero
1
g
Je h.
*
i
j like the french j in
0*
jour
5'
OK;
Sin s.
U"
U* ^
* (^
s sharp ss.
Name.
Form of Letters.
Pronunciation.
Uncon-
nected
Cha-
racters.
Joit
Final
Con-
nected
Pre-
ceding
only.
ied to let
Middle
Con-
nected
or Pre-
ceding
and fol-
lowing.
ter.
Initial
or fol-
lowing
only.
Primitive letters.
Chin h.
$
A
.w.
A
US
ch, sh.
Sad h.
U*
i*
u
ss, sharp.
Dhad s.
U*
^
4
^
z, a soft s.
Tay h.
Jb
k
k
L-
Jb
t, hard.
Tsay h.
(shay)
Jb
J!L
Ja
z, dzee, hard.
Aine s.
,
X
e
a soft guttural, like
i
w
**
W
ah, eh, ee, o.
! Ghine h.
i.
X
*
g, hard guttural like gh.
Fay
a
A
i
O
f.
Kaf h.
c>
A
3
c, k, kah hard.
Keef s.
d
4,
x:
s
vJ
k, kah soft.
Gef(Guief)
.
,
'
^
r
adjaymees.
'
i Saghir
^
$
n nasal.
noon h.
Lam s.
J
J>
JL
!
J
1.
Mini s.
r
r
*
JO
r
m.
Noon s.
u
u-
JL
^
u
n soft.
Form of Letters.
Joined to letter.
Name.
Uncon-
nected
Final
Con-
Middle
Con-
nected
Initial
1
Pronunciation.
Cha-
racters.
nected
Pre-
ceding
or Pre-
ceding
and fol-
or fol-
lowing
a
only.
lowing.
only. gj
Vav s.
j
J
v, o, u in the middle and
at the end of words it
Hay, He s.
S
X,
*
&
5
h, ah soft, [sounds like
[o, oo, o.
^e, Ye s.
^
A
.>
^
soft j, i, y middle and
final like ee.
Lani-Alif
y
^X
is composed of J lam
and | alif.
The following letters never connect themselves with
the next.
I (Alif) o (Dal) b (Dsal) ; (Ray) } (Zay) - (Je) and
j (Vav) as:
^\ zor, the power *j J ahrpah, the oats, J<> dahr,
narrow ^ota dahdee, the governess (S^* kahree,
the wife.
VOWELS AND OETHO GRAPHICAL SIGNS.
The Turks use three signs to express vowels, which are
placed either ahove or below the Consonants, namely:
( " ) iistiin (over) an ohlique line over the consonant,
represents ah or a, the pronunciation of ah is used
with hard consonants, a with soft consonants,
as: Jj- (kah) ^ (bay) ^JU (kahlb) the heart ^J
(balah) the misery.
("7~) (ezray) an oblique line under the consonant, repre-
sents ee (kee) ^> (bee) y&jj (kees) the winter.
( ' ) (uturu) over the consonant, represents the sound of
o or oo with hard consonants, or 6 or ii with soft
consonants as: ^ (po or poo) \ (zo or zii) j^jj
(puss) foggy.
The Accent of the Turkish word is always on the last
syllable, if the word be lengthened the accent changes
also, thus:
kitab, the book, kitabda, in the book.
The following signs to regulate the Turkish pronun-
ciation occur only in arabic words:
( * ) iki iistiin for an or en.
( ) iki esre for in.
( G ) iki otiirii for an or un.
(_!_) gegm, denotes that after the consonant on which it
stands, the vowel is not pronounced.
(._!!_) tesdid, denotes the doubling of the consonant over
which it is placed, but this occurs only in arabic
words.
(jr_) meddelif or medda, stands over the Alif, if it be pro-
nounced as a pure ah.
(_.) hamze or hamzelif, stands over the Alif if it be pro-
nounced like ay-ay, if it stands over ^, it is pro-
nounced ii.
_) vasl, stands over the 1, if it belongs to the arabic
Article al, in which case the 1 is dropped and the
next letter is doubly pronounced.
THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE LETTERS.
The Turks have adopted the Arabic letters, but they
pronounce them much softer and with more harmony
of sound. The Alphabet consists of 28 arabic, four persian
characters, and only one purely turkish, the Sageer
noon ig>.
For the purpose of giving adequate sounds of the
turkish pronunciation, we have been obliged to adopt in
this little book for Self-tuition, certain rules of sounding
letters,, which the student must continually bear in
mind, for the english letters are not pliable^enough for
the soft sound of eastern pronunciation; but with the
assistance of some french and german letters a close and
correct sound of the real turkish pronunciation is ob-
tained.
The following are the rules adopted:
%.
a pure a like the a in father as: ot (at)
the horse M ara, the center, middle.
F\ - /r \
c for a hard(^ch)like ch in c^in, with a(^V)sound as v*Ls&.
(ceecek) the flower ^f gee, late.
$ like the french^s^,
ch for (ghjsound, or sometimes soft like the german ch.
e or e for the pureT^sound, like the french and german e.
g for the (JdsS^) sound.
h is always pronounced as^ in horse.
I for ^e/ like a french or german i i long ee i like
two e e.
j gr y to be pronounced like y in yes ji sounds like
V_ x"*
dshee.
s stands for. a hardfsh J
u stands for the(po^)sound, as in the word "moon."
ii must be pronounced like the german to. jDr the french
u in fut.
o is pronounced like the germanl^o ybr the french eu in
the word u feu
The other english letters are pronounced purely.
REMABK TO THE STUDENT.
The Turkish Language is a mixture of Arabic and
Persian, yet so beautifully constructed that a celebrated
Orientalist said of it "one might imagine it to be the
result of the deliberations of some eminent society of
learned men."
It is spoken and written not only by all the Turkish
Authorities at Constantinople and over the Ottoman Em-
pire, but by all educated persons in Syria, in Egypt, at
Tunis and at Tripoli, it is moreover the language of the
People in the southern Provinces of Asiatic-Russia and
of Turkistan.
The Turkish letters appear at first sight very puzzling
and difficult to an English eye, we would therefore ad-
vise those who wish to learn the Turkish Language
quickly to copy each letter several times attentively;
not all the letters at once but three or four at a tiihe.
It will surprise the learner how soon he will understand
each letter in its various positions. The 17 primitive
forms can soon be acquired. Having once mastered the
Turkish Alphabet, he has also mastered that of the
Arabic, Persian and Hindustani, and has thus made a
considerable inroad into the Eastern Languages.
The beginner will do well to learn as many turkish
words as he can by sound only, as a child expresses it-
self before it knows the letters; this will greatly facilitate
the difficult reading and combination of the turkish letters,
and for this purpose the "English, French, Turkish and
Russian" Vocabulary, printed by the Publisher of this
Grammar, will be a valuable aid to the study and self-
tuition of the Turkish Language, and will be a convenient
travelling companion.
9
PRONUNCIATION OF THE LETTERS.
t Elif has no fixed sound, it being variously pronounced
a, e, i, u, as :
man,
civil,
4*
adem.
edeb.
distant,
hope,
J';l
Joo!
irak.
umid.
When followed t
forest,
ly . vav, it takes the
sound of o, u, o; as :
or man.
far,
07?
uzac.
to die,
^j } \
olmek.
v_j Be is pronounced as b in english.
gunpowder,
five,
u^
baroot.
besh.
At the end of words, and preceding or following one
.
of the letters ^i)
pronounced p.
<_> P^ has the sound of the english p.
Pasha,
money,
^ Te is pronounced like the english t.
musket,
tobacco,
It often changes to
jugations.
often
pasha,
para.
tufenk.
tutun.
, in the declensions and con-
10
> Se is pronounced like the english s.
a dress, i*_>!.-$'l esvab.
turkish, (Jol+ie. ^osmanli.
^ Djim is pronounced like the english j.
soul, ^L^. djdn.
sword, ^Jo killdj.
When following one of the before named consonants, it
changes to _ tchin.
-. Tchin is pronounced like, ch, in the word, cherry.
fountain,
much,
tcheshmeh.
tehiok.
Ha requires a strong aspiration of the h.
female apart-
ments,
doctor,
bath,
harem.
hekim.
hamdm.
, Khay has the sound of the german ch, or the scotch
word "loch".
unwell, aCCu^a. khdstd.
lady, |V->L&. khdnum.
t> Dal is pronounced like the english d.
enemy, \j+&& dushmen.
bed, dL&.O doshek.
It takes the sound of , following one of the previously
named consonants.
11
O Zal has the sound of the english Z.
blame, *6
, Ray is pronounced like the english r.
repose,
continent,
Zay has the same sound as the & zal.
prison,
zem.
rdhat.
card.
zmdan.
* Je has a softer sound then d/w, being pronounced
like, j in the french word jour, the letter is rarely used,
numerous. | oyj /er/.
y* 5m is pronounced like ss, in the word, Mss.
the voice, U^-w sm.
sultan, jjltaJLv sultan.
palace, ,cl^ 5erF.
has the sound of the english sh.
sherab.
bakhshish.
_Mv*CO
f^ Shm,
wine,
gift, beer
money,
jo Sad, is similar to y* sin.
morning,
banker,
water,
sdbdh.
sdrdf.
sit.
o fihad, sometimes Zdd is pronounced like v zdy.
ready,
hdzir.
12
Jo Tay has the sound of the english t.
parrot, ^Js^Jo
earth, ^jLjJb
Jo Tfcfly is pronounced like the 3 zal.
cruel,
victory,
opinion,
tutu,
toprac.
zalitn.
zefer.
zdn.
c Am; the pronunciation of this letter by the Turks
and Arabs, is difficult to acquire; it generally produces
a slight suspension of the voice, or sounds like a double
vowel, it will be denoted by an apostrophe.
arab,
life,
'drab.
'eumr.
c Ghain; requires a guttural articulation of gh.
stranger,
master,
U!
gharib.
ay ha.
/ has the sound of the english /.
poor,
gentleman,
fakir,
efendy.
x ##/! corresponds to c, or ^r, in the word cake.
brother,
spoon,
ii*vO
cardash.
cashic.
In the declensions and conjugations it changes into
d ghain.
J Kief is pronounced, like k in english, with a slight
13
articulation of an i, following it; it presents in reading
more difficulties than any other Turkish letter.
kiaghid.
kiaftr.
paper,
infidel,
< Guief, takes the sound of gui in the word guild; it
differs from the preceding letter, by three additional
points only, which the Turks however rarely use.
handsome,
rose,
guiuzel,
guiul.
In the middle or at the end of a word, it has the sound
of ?/, as <j*S^c> duyiin, wedding, ^o bei, prince.
< Saghir noon (or deaf noon), is pronounced with a
nasal sound, like the french n, in the words, non, son;
it is a sign of the genitive case, or pronoun in the second
person singular.
the sea, yTt> deniz.
of the rose, (J&f Qulun.
J Lam, is pronounced like the english /.
pen, jjli* calem.
condition, ^ JL^ Ml.
* Mm, is pronounced like the english m.
scissors, ^jo\Js.A micrds.
letter, ^ycX^o mekttib.
i* Noon, is pronounced like n in english.
wide, jJ^I inlu.
yesterday, *.t> dun.
14
^ Vav, takes the sound of v, o, u, in the middle and at
the end of words it sounds like, 0, u, 0.
to find,
good,
tinder,
"bulmak.
eiu.
kav.
s He, is a softly aspirated h, at the end of words, it is
pronounced eh or ah.
weather, !yo havah
in the house,
evdeh.
the heart,
a, one,
^ Je, Ye, sounds like t/, in the english word yes ; in the
middle or at the end, it is pronounced like i or y.
yurek.
bin.
Mf is composed of the two letters J lam and
I elif, and is pronounced, Id.
tulip, ajy laleh.
closet, i^^t> doldb.
15
VOWELS MIXED WITH CONSONANTS.
*r
e
| i
>
1
U.
i he
, - >
# In ^
hii.
v
be
v bi
>
bu.
V P^
>
LJ PI V^
* -* *
pu.
i
te
v^> tl
tu.
^> se
^ Si vi>
sii.
c
dje
s: ^
>
C
dju.
" tche
_. tchi l
tchii
c
ha
C .H
j
C
hu.
t gha
c ghi t
gWL
3
de
di
i
du.
j ze
6 zi 6
zii.
;
re
^ rl
;
ru.
v ze
; zi 5
zii.
^
j
^
j
j>
je
J J" 1
j
J u -
\ ijw S(3
(J* SI jjw
sii.
L*
she
JA shi
j
shu.
Jo sa
>
1 JO ^1 1 JO
sii.
yi
zha
^ zhi
^
zhu.
lo tha
^> thi ij
thu.
1
zha
jb zhi
^
?
Jb
zhu.
c aa
e ! e
u.
d
gha
i ^
>
6
ghu.
J f e
fii.
j
ka
(j ki
9
ku.
<& ke
>
^i) ki <i)
kii.
x
^
y
^
. '.
.
_
* . _
*'
- i:
.*
^
ne
<^5 ni
(g
nu.
<T gue
tf gui <
guiii
j
le
j H
j
lii.
Jl me
* mi x
mii.
c>
ne
o ni
J>
nil.
5 ve
! vi ^
vii.
^
)
16
These syllables are spelt in the following manner.
Elif ustun, e; elif esreh i; elif uturu u. E, i, u.
Be ustun, be; be esreh, bt; be uturu bu. Be, bi, bu.
Djim ustun, dje; djim esreh, djl; djim uturu dju. Dje, djl, dju.
Ha ustun, Ha; ha esreh, hi; ha uturu, hu. Ha, hi, hu.
Kha ustun, kha; kha esreh, khl; kha uturu, khii. Kha,khi,khii.
Dal ustun, de; dal esreh, dl; dal uturu, du. De, dl, du.
Zal ustun, ze; zal esreh, zl; zal uturu, zfi. Ze, zi, zii.
&c. &c.
PAET I.
VOCABULARY, AND EXERCISES
FOB THE PRONUNCIATION OF LETTEKS.
The Turkish Language has neither a definite article
nor a gender. A definite idea is expressed by placing the
substantive in the accusative case. The indefinite article
however is o bir, one, a, an.
THE SPIRITUAL WORLD.
God,
the sky. heaven,
the earth,
paradise,
hell,
the angel,
the devil,
purgatory,
the Apostle,
ut
>~
allah*)
geeuk.
yerr.
djennet.
djehennem.
mdylek.
sh$tdn.
drdf.
recoul.
*) The h when it occurs is always to be pronounced.
Turkish Grammar. 2
18
THE WORLD AND ITS ELEMENTS.
t ii
The world,
Lo4
dunyah. &^nu&^
the life,
7**
*
omr. cryrt<t-Lsis
the death,
Jjt
Olilm. {J ~^L^yy^
the sun,
\f*
gunesh.
the moon,
g\
dee.
the star,
)^r>
yilditz.
the planet,
; CL
seldrdy.
the comet,
vjJb J^vJjJ
quiruqll yilditz.
the air,
ly.
hdvd.
the water,
r
ZU. ^&J^^^
the fire,
A^T
dtesh.
the earth,
spring,
"52
toprdck. UbhM**<^
behdr.
summer,
Y*^
iats.
autumn,
>L ff^ (j> *~\o
son behdr. /?
winter,
*'*i'
kish. l&<~4
y**
}
light,
^jjjjol
aidinlik.
the rainbow.
&4..l O
sdghmah.
the clouds,
yb^Jb
bulutler. ^
rain,
;^**^.
ydghmur . ty&Q * nu \
hail,
. f- IP
tulu.
snow,
xU
car.
frost,
^ly
kiraghu.
ice.
1^3
buz.
thaw,
cs^ ^;';^
buz erimesy.
dew,
x^
tchih.
a fog,
^uyL
tumdn. G/U^/rnA** I
an earthquake,
"W
zelzeleh.
19
thunder,
lightning,
a tempest,
heat,
cold,
wind,
iyldirim*
shimshek.
tufan.
issidjac.
sunk.
ruzguiar.
THE EARTH.
The earth,
the continent,
the island,
the peninsula,
the isthmus,
the headland,
the gulf,
the port,
the roadstead,
the ocean,
the sea,
the Mediterranean,
the Black Sea,
the Caspian Sea,
the lake,
the river,
the stream,
the brook,
the torrent,
the spring,
drs.
/card.
ddhd.
mm gesire.
derbend.
burun.
korfes.
limdn.
wrl.
dkidnos.
denitz.
dk denitz.
/card denitz.
Mhr ul-hdser.
guol.
nehr.
tcd'i.
djuice.
zeiL
cechme.
2*
20
the mouth of the
river,
the bank,
the mountain,
the hill,
the valley,
the plain,
the forest,
the desert,
the meadow,
sddji'dt.
mil kendr.
ddgh.
Mir tepe.
dere vddi.
ova idts.
or man.
col.
cd'ir.
METAI/S AND MINEEALS.
Metals and minerals,
gold,
silver,
bronze,
copper,
ead,
tin,
iron,
quicksilver,
sulphur,
antimony,
arsenc
edjsai md'deniie.
dltun.
gumush.
pirmdch.
backiir.
kurshun.
kdlai.
demir.
djwd sibik.
kibrit.
rdstik.
sitshdn oti.
THE MONTHS AND DAYS OF THE WEEK &c.
January, ^jU ^j& kanooni zani.
February, ^Lxx shuMt.
March, c^\Lo mart.
21
April,
^LwUU
neecdn.
May,
(j*oLo
metis.
June,
u'r^
hdtseerdn.
July,
)r* J
temoots.
August,
u*y^T
dghostos.
September,
JjJb!
illool.
October,
J^t ^v&S
teshrm-i-evvel.
November,
^U ^~o
teslirin-i-zanee.
December,
Jjt ^jjfc'
kdnun-i-evvel.
Sunday,
^^TslvL
batzdr gunu.
Monday,
<5*ojj| ; t)b
Mtzctr ertdyzee.
Tuesday,
jLo
zalee.
Wednesday,
auJL& ; L$a.
cdrshembe.
Thursday,
iuJLc^sUj
pendshembe.
Friday,
J^J
djumd.
Saturday,
^^^1 iUL*.^
djumd ertdyzee.
a year,
*J^
sene.
an epoch,
d*)
semdn.
a date,
'j>l.)^
tdrukh.
eternity,
&J
eslnet.
THE TIME.
The day,
^
gun.
the night,
**\f
gedje.
morning,
El 4 .
zdbdH.
evening,
1
dkhcdm.
noon,
KJb.t
oile.
midnight,
*?^n^
jdrim gedje.
99
Jpw
at midnight,
yesterday evening,
the afternoon,
night and day,
sunrise,
sunset,
an hour,
half an hour,
a minute,
beginning,
middle,
end,
today,
yesterday,
the day before yes-
terday,
tomorrow,
/
*\
dun jaricinde.
diin dkhcdm.
ikindi.
gedje ve gundus.
gun dhoghucu.
gun bdttci.
btr sd'dt.
jdrim sd'dt.
ddkikd.
tbttdd.
ortd.
nihdjet.
bu guiun.
diin.
o bir guiun.
yarin.
AND RELATIONS.
Man,
the woman,
Sir (Mr.),
Madam (Mrs.),
the father,
the mother,
the brother,
the sister,
the uncle,
the aunt,
dddm.
carl.
-_*- j-
efendi.
khdmm.
peder.
valide.
kdrddsh btradir,
kiitz kdrddsh
hemshire.
dmdjd.
khald.
23
the parents,
the son,
the daughter,
the child,
the boy,
the girl,
the youth,
the maiden,
infancy,
youth,
age,
an old man,
'f
dkrabalar.
off hi evldd.
kutz.
codshook.
bekidr.
bikr.
oglan.
kutz.
codjuklik.
gilnedjUk.
whtijdrlik.
kodjalik.
ichtijdr kodja,
THE BODY.
The limb,
y*L,
uzef.
the forehead,
^\
dim.
the skull,
^Lb j^L
bach thacl.
the face,
)t*
iutz.
the eyes,
)^
ffiiitz.
the eyebrows,
ijte
kdsh.
the eye-lash,
&*ff
kirpik.
the head,
jib
bdsh. f
the hair,
r^
sdtch.
the nose,
o)y*
boroon burn.
the mouth,
1^
dgJiitz.
the teeth,
JUO(> -
dischler.
the neck,
ch'r 3
bojoun.
the hands,
r Li
eller*
24
the heart,
the stomach,
the foot,
the ears,
the cheeks,
the tongue,
the palate,
the lips,
the chin,
the shoulders,
the chest,
the elbow,
the arm,
the finger,
the nails,
the knee,
the blood,
a vein,
an artery,
a nerve,
a muscle.
the soul,
the spirit,
intelligence,
reason,
good sense,
memory,
wisdom,
sjuuo
p&*
MENTAL FACULTIES.
yurek.
meede.
djdk.
kolackldr.
jdndkldr.
dill.
dimdgh.
doddk.
chayne.
omuz.
giojus.
dirsek.
koll
pdrmdck.
tirndck.
dltz.
kdn.
dhdmdr.
sdh dhdmdr.
ziriir.
zinirll et.
djan.
ziihn.
dkl.
khured hush.
hushimendi.
hufz.
hukmet.
25
prudence,
CJvAA^J
bacured.
goodness,
i
(home! good) ejltk.
modesty,
^L^:
hiid/db.
piety,
S
merhdmet.
mercy,
rdhmet.
justice,
s
dddlet.
discretion,
^jp*-A^O t
usluluk.
sweetness,
^jLt&f*j
idvacliik.
confidence,
o\^\
itimdd.
experience,
SL>f
tedjribe.
intrepidity,
)
djecdret.
courage,
ghdiret.
love,
(jAe
ask.
hatred,
(J^fr u*r^
ghdrds keen.
anger,
^jJbjixb
darghunluk.
pride,
(d^jjtc
mdghrurluk.
desire,
i j
drsu.
hope,
Juyol
umid.
jy>
jjJoLo
shdshluk.
grief,
^
kacafoet.
pain,
(J!
elem.
fear,
v
korku.
fright,
J^J
rd'b.
despair,
V^AJywwiXAvo!
umidzisllk.
tranquillity,
VSfcdfcfj
rdhdt.
will,
/
irddet.
folly,
dULJo
delffik.
suspicion,
^s^
shubhe.
envy,
<x^^
hdsed.
shame,
(jJU^b.l
utdnmdkluk.
26
IMPERFECTIONS AND DISEASES OF THE BODY.
blind,
))^
^or.
lame,
Jbjfc
topal.
maimed,
O^W
tchollac.
deaf,
jiLs
scighir.
dumb,
y*Ja
dilsitz.
illness,
dUaJuA^
khdstalik.
fever,
U=*
hitmd.
ague,
**Ju*
sitmah.
plague,
(J^r^
jumrudjac.
colic,
^soLo
sdndji.
dysentery,
(S^T* 1 ^
itch dghrissi.
gout,
yp^.
nikriz.
asthma,
^1*^ ^-b
tek nefeslu.
apoplexy,
iJUb
ddmlah.
small pox,
L-*JL i <v t *'^
V V
tcldtchek.
jaundice,
I&jo\w0
sdrilik.
measles,
L3^ 'V*
kizdmdc.
consumption,
r;^
verim.
inflammation,
aJ\U
ndzileh.
a cold,
H|
zukiam.
tooth-ache,
dish aghrisi.
head-ache,
^^jUt jib
bash aghrisi.
laughing,
&J^
gulme.
tears,
^&L v^5"
gilds jdchi.
respiration,
(j^Ai
nefes.
sighing,
5?
ah.
sneezing,
MyJf|
dksirmd.
sleep,
idleness,
forgetfulness,
dUUUs
ojuku.
tenbellik.
unutma.
DRESS.
The coat,
the shoes,
the watch,
the shirt,
the stockings,
the trousers,
the waist-coat,
the drawers,
trousers of the
turkish ladies,
the dress,
the frock-coat,
the hat,
the bonnet,
the red cap,
the turban,
the cloak,
the slippers,
the boots,
linen,
cloth,
the handkerchief,
gloves,
the shawl,
ju
zeln.
kundiira.
zcihdt.
gwmlek.
cdrdb.
pdntdlon.
jelek.
don.
cmtidn.
libas urba.
djubbe.
cdpkd.
kdlpdk.
fez.
kdvuk zdrik.
ferddje kdpoth.
pdpuc.
citsme.
cdmdchir.
bez.
mendeel.
eldiven.
shdL
28
the dress,
^VJUi
kaftan.
the petticoat,
uUcuo
fist an.
the apron,
*jy
futd.
velvet,
&A*k3
kadife.
cloth,
2t3f*
cohd.
bed clothes,
OU*sll
cdrchdf.
wool,
^
jun.
silk,
viJLo!
ipek.
the comb,
jflJb
thdrdk.
the razor,
5*JU*jl
us turd.
the button,
**A
dujme.
HOUSE AND FURNITURE.
The house,
> |
ev.
the door,
y&
kapu. kdpe.
the key,
\ v<^*^V3 1
andchtdr.
the stairs,
Lj O v-3
merdiven.
the room,
Jtb^l
odhd. odd.
the window,
5 7^4.
pengere.
the chair,
jd^M.t
iskemle.
the table,
S^w.
zdfrd.
the bed,
^Ucj
jdtdk.
the candle,
r yo
mum.
the kitchen,
^H^
methbdkh.
the well,
^
kuju.
the garden,
V
bdgtce.
the roof,
j!i> -.^gA^I ^1
ef ustl dam.
the wall,
;W- i>
divdr.
the chimney,
.vLJ.I
ogdk.
29
the terrace,
the chest of drawers,
the wardrobe,
sideboard,
the larder,
the carpet,
the sofa,
the rug,
the mattress,
cushion,
the straw-mattress,
tapestry,
the clock,
the curtain,
the picture,
the bellows,
the scissors,
the salt-cellar,
the water-bottle,
the glass,
the bottle,
the cup,
the towel,
the lock,
the pin,
the needle,
u'^'
eivdn.
0."^$
doldb.
esvdb khdsmeci
15 ^v .
sofrd dolabi.
kildr.
kali.
va^jS
kerevet.
^
jorghdn.
minder.
^jJbUo
sdmdnluk.
(.
%f %
zdr.
*** )
cdldr sd'dt.
perde.
tdsvir.
"d)yf
koruk.
uoty^
mikrdz.
.U ;y>
tuz kdbi.
jjoo!
ibruk.
aL^xo
kddeh.
chzche.
205!
fmdjdn.
peskir.
kdfl.
thopluk.
ikne.
30
THE TABLE AND NUTEIMENTS.
The breakfast,
ts*' 1 M*
kahvalti.
the dinner,
(jJL^I r L*io
thadm w/ew-
15^
jemeji.
the supper,
^jc+j piLu
dksdm jemeji.
the table,
5 yAj\A/
sofra.
a dish,
^jLJb
thdbdk.
a plate,
ijUa.
cdndk.
a spoon,
(JfJbUi
kdshiik.
a fork,
JU^
cdtdl.
a knife,
jjLgu
bicdk.
a napkin,
wOCxLo
pechkir.
nutriments, food,
sil^UO
jejegek.
bread,
viusi
ekmek.
meat,
^>1
et.
bouillon,
(5^r'
et swii.
soup,
L?;^
corbd.
boiled meat,
u^y^
sdjiis.
roast meat,
^JuS'
kebab.
beef,
_Sl *JLuo
sighir eti
aiJUiL
hdchldmd.
mutton,
C5 5 ' U^'
kojun eti.
veal,
^1 ^1)^?
busdghu eti.
lamb,
C5- 5 '' ^r 5
kusu eti.
calves-head,
^b^t^
busdghu bdchl.
tongue,
ij.13 OLA.O
sighir dili.
chicken,
^s^-b
pilidj.
fish,
^JL
Mlik.
pudding,
u^
g uioden.
sausage,
XLJO..J ,5^^
sudjuk bumbdr
31
pie,
4)9*
~borek.
salad,
xL0
sdldtd.
cheese,
jjUUu
peinir.
butter,*
.0 x.V
C5> ** j
tere jdghi.
sauce,
f^W&OyJ rl *_Y*
id' dm terliieci
sugar,
jCco
cheker.
honey,
JL
Ml.
milk,
*y
sud.
cream,
(3+**
kdimdk.
oil,
^fcL jjjfcjv
seitm idgln.
vinegar,
*j==,y
zirke.
mustard,
Jby^
khdrddl.
salt,
)&
tutz.
pepper,
wine,
h
V'r-^
Mber.
~sdrab.
brandy,
^7^
rdkl.
tea,
(5^
tchai.
coffee,
5^5
cahveh.
the dessert,
)T^
ceres.
water,
r
su.
beer,
^AflUt
arpasui.
sugar and water,
OOj-CO
sherbet.
lemonade,
^ b ^'
elimunatah.
DEMANDS.
Some bread,
iU!
ekmek.
some water,
r
sit.
some cheese,
rHSf.
peinir.
some eggs,
*b)r*.
jumurtd.
some meat,
vail
et.
32
some fish,
some wine,
some beer,
some butter,
some tea,
batik.
sdrab.
drpd suyou btra.
say jdghijdgh.
cdj.
VEGETABLES.
The herb,
lS>j1
0^.
the carrot,
r^
hdvug.
the turnip,
J3UI&
chdlgdm.
the leek,
*~1ji
prdpd.
the radish,
turp.
cabbage,
ioi
Idhdnd.
cauliflower,
ooly
karnabit.
onions,
u^r
zoghdn.
garlic,
^jLwAX^-O
zdrimsdk.
7 7_ 7
asparagus,
Y*"j^ u"?*
kuch konmas
artichoke,
xLjJot
engmdr.
lettuce,
J.xLx>
mdrul.
celery,
)>
kirlvis.
parsley,
U-yJobo
mdgMdnos.
cucumber,
.L*.
khyjdr.
spinach,
(jjLv^l
ispdndk.
gourd,
. jM
kabak.
rice,
/jp-y.
pirlng.
caper,
s^J"
gebere.
mushroom,
oOx>
mdntdr.
the white bean,
LJ^U
fdculid.
beans,
L^r^
lotyd.
33
peas,
*^H
piselia.
lentils,
viJU^v*
merdjimek.
cresses,
sJ>*
,- 3L
tere.
corn,
i^tJou
boghddl
rye,
;^;L^
cidvddr.
barley,
*&l
drpd.
oats,
oiLj
juldf.
hay,
ijj^l
otluk.
straw,
^U-o
sdmdn.
flour,
l
oun.
FEU1TS.
The apple,
the pear,
peach,
apricot,
melon,
water melon,
fig,
grape,
almond,
raspberry,
mulberry,
orange,
lemon,
strawberries,
the nut,
hazel-nuts,
gooseberries,
Turkish Grammar
Ul
elma.
drmud.
ceftali.
kdici.
kdvun.
kdrpus.
mgir.
usum.
bddem.
biigurtlen.
dud tut.
portdkdl.
limon.
cilek.
gevits.
findiik.
frenk usumii,
3
34
chesnut,
cherry,
plum,
date,
pomegranate,
olive,
kestane.
kirds.
erik.
khurmd.
endr.
seitun.
TUBES.
A fig tree,
an orange-tree,
an apple-tree,
a pear tree,
a mulberry-tree,
a peach-tree,
a plum-tree,
a walnut-tree,
an olive-tree,
a chesnut-tree,
an almond-tree,
a cherry-tree,
the oak,
the elm,
the beech,
the pine,
the cypress,
the fir,
the poplar,
the willow,
the lime,
indjir aghadji.
turundj aghadji.
elmd aghadji.
drmud aghadji.
tut aghadji.
ceftali aghadji.
erik aghadji.
djeviz aghadji.
zeitun aghadji.
kestaneh aghadji.
badem aghadji.
vishni aghadji.
misheh aghadji.
card aghadji.
cdin aghadji.
cam aghadji.
servi aghadji.
tchdm aghadji.
cdvdc aghadji.
soyut aghadji.
filamur aghadji.
35
the lime,
^^L&J ^jjojw
oghldmur dghadji.
the laurel,
,-a-Ul xJLs<>
defneh dghadji.
the acacia,
^UIJ^
sdnt dghadji.
FIELD CHOPS.
Wheat,
^tjJb
boghddi.
barley,
4>'
drpd.
oats,
***y&
yuldf.
rice,
f~*T*
Hirindje.
maize,
^tjc*j^ax>
mmrboghdai.
flour,
u; 1
un.
grass,
^jf
ot.
hay,
gfc,l
otluk.
FLOWEBS.
A flower,
dL^
tchltchek.
a rose,
J^
guiul.
a lily,
(3-y)
zaribac.
a violet,
a^Jij^
benefsheh.
a pink,
Ju3y
carenftl.
jessamine,
*.X*-U/LJ
jdssmir.
a lilac,
^^LJ
leilac.
a tulip,
ijy
laleh.
a hyacinth,
J^^Lu,
sunbul.
mignionette,
>*?
faghv.
.
ANIMALS.
-
Wild animals,
T^'T*^ u^
jebdn haivanlar.
lion,
,J^U,st
drsldn.
tiger,
u^* 5
cap Jan.
3*
36
elephant,
leopard,
camel,
deer,
wolf,
wild boar,
hyena,
bear,
fox,
hare,
rabbit,
squirrel,
weasel,
monkey,
mouse,
rat,
mole,
horse,
mare,
colt,
bull,
ox,
cow,
calf,
dog,
ass,
mule,
ram,
sheep,
lamb,
Uet
JsU
pars.
deveh.
gileik.
curd.
jebdn donuzi.
sertldn.
dm.
dilki.
tdvshdn.
add tdvshdn.
sendjiab.
guelindjek.
meimun.
sitchdn.
buyuk sitchdn.
kostebek.
at.
kissrac.
tdi.
bugha.
okuz.
mek.
buzaghi.
kopek.
eshek.
cdtir.
cotch.
cuiun.
cuzi.
37
goat,
(S &3
ketchi.
kid,
r^JLft*!
oghlac.
cat,
iCcXS^
kedi.
BIKDS.
A bird,
^.Jf
cush.
an eagle,
uV M
card cush.
an ostrich,
, ^.ww . S O
deveh cushi.
a stork,
dUL J y
card Idilek.
a falcon,
e*-**k
doghdn.
a hawk,
dUL^
tchiailik.
a crow,
<J^>*
cuzghun.
a magpie,
. lii^Si^
^/
sdcsdghan.
an owl,
^^s y& yc
huhu cushi.
a cuckoo,
olrV
cucuvac.
a parrot,
r^r^
dudu.
a pheasant,
ur JL5^
suiliin.
a partridge,
dLJLCir'
keklik.
a woodcock,
^^ s^Jb
jelveh cushi.
a wild duck,
v5^>;^' u 1 ^
jelan ordegili.
a wild pigeon,
(j^^S^T^Lo
jeban guyerdjen
a blackbird,
^li j3
card tduk.
a thrush,
^*y^S r ^l
drdidje cushi.
a nightingale,
>i. JL Jl|_^
lulbul.
a swallow,
/d-^J^'
kirlanghetch.
^* X
a lark,
N VJf_^ ^ j>*
toighdr.
a sparrow,
a^ui
sertcheh.
a peacock,
i ^
tduz.
a swan,
^S
cughu.
38
a hen,
Jf>^
tank.
a chicken,
^JL>
pilitch.
a cock,
u*n^
khoroz.
a duck,
Jj^f
ordek.
a goose,
\U
cdz.
a turkey,
^.Lb tXJJo
hind taughi.
INSECTS.
A flea,
**W
pireh.
a bug,
cs^ **^'
tahtah Uti.
a beetle,
dl^j jJyL> j*
~boinuzly bodjek.
a moth,
5^
giiveh.
a caterpillar,
C5^"^ O^
loc bodjegui.
a spider,
JLs2>^t
drumdjek.
a silk-worm,
LS^)9*^ ?l'
ipek curdi.
a butterfly,
^^ v 7"
pervaneh.
a gnat,
^AAkAM j^X 0-^A>
sivry sifiek.
a fly,
aL,
sinek.
a bee,
^;T
ari.
FISHES.
A fish,
<3-L>
Milk.
a turbot,
^L ^UJU
c ale an balighi.
a skate,
_Ajb ^tX5"
kedi 'balighi.
a sole,
xJLj u^
dit balighi.
an oyster,
XJ(^%juuii
esridia. .
a muscle,
eojoo
midia.
a pike,
turna balighi.
39
a carp,
a trout,
an eel,
bdlighi.
ala bdlighi.
ilan bdlighi.
THE TOWN.
The town,
the street,
the cross-street,
the quarter,
the palace,
the mosque,
the quay,
the bridge,
the market,
the bazaar,
the shop,
the hippodrome,
the horse fair,
the square,
the promenade,
the fountain,
the custom-house,
the prison,
the academy,
the bath,
the post-office,
the fish market,
the Library,
the Hospital,
v
^
sehir.
sokdk.
dort idl dghm.
mdhdlle.
serai,
gdmd.
idli.
kopri.
carchu.
bazar,
dukidn.
at meiddni.
Mt basari.
meiddn.
gesmedjek 'ier.
cechme.
gumruk.
smddn.
medrece.
hdmdm.
mensil hhdne.
bdlik bdzdri.
kitdb hhdne.
khdstd hhdne.
40
the church,
the prayer,
the railway,
the train,
the station,
hotel,
the embassy,
the consulate,
tavern,
coffee house.
uAfcw
kelise.
du'd ndmds.
demir yol.
demir yol
'drdbdldri.
mensil.
condc.
seferet devlet.
consoloslik.
meikhaneh.
cdveh dukiani.
DIGNITARIES.
The Emperor,
the Sultan,
the King,
Prince of the blood,
the prince,
his Majesty,
the prime minister,
minister of foreign
affairs,
home minister,
secretary of war,
finance minister,
minister of police,
grand chamberlain,
keeper of the purse,
^^;
imperathor.
pddishah sulthan.
kurdl.
sdhsdde.
bay emir.
hesrelleri.
bds vekil.
reis efendi umur
khdridjie ndslrl.
kiahid bay umur
ddkhiliie ndstri.
deflerddr.
cdvuch bdsi.
kapudji bdsi.
khdsme dar bdsi.
41
treasurer of the
harem,
governor of the
harem,
chief of the eunuchs,
pacha of three tails,
ambassador,
governor of the
province,
postmaster
general,
clergy,
grand chaplain,
chief judge,
the judge,
commissionary,
UL
yCcU
khasme dar nsta.
harem klahidci.
kusler dghdci.
utch tughlit pasha,
iltci.
bayler bay.
mensil bast.
ulemd.
khunkidr imam,
kdsii lecker.
kdsi.
vekil
WRITING MATERIALS.
Stationery,
paper,
pen,
book,
inkstand,
ink,
penknife,
the seal,
sealing wax,
writing-desk,
the letter,
XiU.
J^AX/O
kiathana.
kldghid.
kdlem.
kltab.
devit.
murekkel).
kdlemtrdch.
muhur.
dhdms'irmd.
pich tdkhtd.
mektiib.
42
the pencil,
the ruler,
the compass,
* - N HMX>
kurchun kalem.
djedvel mdsthar.
perguidr.
ARTS AND TRADES.
The baker,
the pastry-cook,
the butcher,
the architect,
the mason,
the tailor,
the shoemaker,
the hatter,
the doctor,
the surgeon,
the chemist,
the printer,
the bookseller,
the bookbinder,
the joiner,
the carpenter,
the turner,
the locksmith,
the blacksmith,
the farrier,
the carman,
the painter,
the cooper,
the watchmaker,
JkJLxJLju
etmektshi.
borektsht.
kdcdb.
mil'mdr.
idpidji.
tersi.
papudshdji.
shdpkddji.
hekim thdbib.
djerrah.
edjsd zdtidjl.
bdsmddji.
sehhaf.
miidjelid.
dhoyhrdmddji.
dulgur.
khdrdth.
tshilmgur.
demirdjl.
nedlbend.
drabddji.
tdsvirdji.
futchidji.
zaatdji.
43
the weaver,
s^^
ciulah.
the laundress,
l^aUoUL
djameshui.
the cobbler,
.qSkXXX4Mf
eskidji.
the fisherman,
<x <? ilj*
baluktchi.
the cutler,
^ASUsuo
Utchaktchi.
the merchant,
7^-^b
tddjir laser guan .
COUNTRIES, NATIONS AND CITIES.
Europe,
l^|
evropd.
Asia,
LJ
asm.
Africa,
XAJ-st
dfrikd.
France,
X^otri
franca.
v ~
a Frenchman,
franzls.
Paris,
U*; 1 ^
par is.
Marseilles,
LJLu^lxi
mdrsilia.
England,
cS ^CUx> vJlJot
ingliz memleketi.
Scotland,
x^^Ju,!
escotchldh.
Ireland,
| (Js. J j' Y-^
'irldndd.
London,
S \ cX^ *J
londrd.
Austria,
^jGUx) ^>j
betsh memleketi.
Prussia,
****^
prusid.
Turkey,
^^ JoUcfc
osmdnli vilaieti.
Germany,
^5 y v
nemtcheh vilaieti.
Spain,
V
ispdnia.
Portugal,
(C"^^ 5 V "^^r.
portuguez vilaieti.
Italy,
^Lb!
Italia.
Bohemia,
vs^^ & ^
cell vilaieti.
Hungary,
^^ ^
magar vilaieti.
Russia,
,*ti^+* L^5)
rus memleketi.
a Russian,
the Crimea,
Croatia,
the Morea,
Persia,
Arabia,
Armenia,
Egypt,
Albania,
Cyprus,
Rome,
Venice,
Beyrout,
.Jerusalem,
Aleppo,
Damascus,
Suez,
Constantinople,
Jassi,
Bucharest,
Scutari,
Cairo,
Alexandria,
Trebizond,
Tripoli,
Smyrna,
Moldavia,
Wallachia,
Bosnia,
Servia,
moskoflu.
krim.
khervdt memleketi.
mure.
dgemistdn.
arabistan.
ermenie.
musir.
arnaudluk.
kilbris.
rim.
venedik.
"beirut.
cudsi sherif.
halep.
sham.
suveis.
IstamboL
mch.
Mkrech.
tchkodrd.
el-kdhire.
ukenderie.
tJirabison.
thardbolus.
ismir.
bughddn.
ifldk.
bosna.
surf.
45
Asia Minor,
Athens,
the Dardanelles,
the Danube,
Assyria,
Syria,
Tartary,
China,
India,
the Thames,
the Euphrates,
the Jordan,
the Nile,
the Volga,
U-o!
andtholu.
dtind.
boghds hiicari.
tuna.
kurdistdn.
sham.
tatar vildieti.
tchin.
hmdistdn.
nehri temiz.
furdt.
erden.
ml.
etil sui.
TRAVELLING.
Traveller,
passport,
horse,
saddle,
to saddle,
girths,
stirrups,
buckle,
bridle,
to bridle,
bit,
reins,
yoldji.
yol emri.
at.
eier.
eierlemek.
coldnler.
uzengui rlkiab.
coptchd.
man.
man urmac.
guiem.
dizguin.
46
halter,
jfyt
yular.
spurs,
))***
mdhmuz.
whip,
(S^+*
cdmtchi.
horse-shoe,
Jou
nd'dl.
mule,
^SlSySS
cdtir.
pack-saddle,
y* W
semer.
muleteer,
3*f*
cdtirdji.
tent,
wj^U*
tchddir.
to pitch the tent,
(jjo^-^uL
tchddir curmac.
carpet,
K^uL&>
khalidjeh.
high-way,
*-''*- *
olu yol.
cross-road, '
Jjj (^y>)l
arcuri yol.
valise,
(jljooU.
djamedan.
saddle bags,
^L
ydndjuk.
wine flask,
r 3 ^
tcJiiotrd.
water bottle,
LJoJL^^
tchentd.
V
kettle,
i^V
cdzdn.
matches,
o*JvA5
kibrit.
pistols,
Kuyb
tdbandja.
fowling piece,
xi&jJLj
filintdh.
to fire,
H.^.3! dLx$.J>
tufenk dtmac.
PART II.
INTRODUCTION TO THE GRAMMATICAL
FORM.
THE ARTICLE.
The Turkish Language has no article.
Mbd means the father, ana, the mother.
THE SUBSTANTIVE.
1. The Turkish language is composed of Arabic,
Persian and Turkish words; it consists therefore of primi-
tive words "djamid" and of derivative words (mustdk).
2. The Turkish language has no gender; to denote the
masculine gender of persons (er) man r and the feminine
(kits) girl, and of animals (erkek) male, and (disi) female,
are placed before the word, as:
oghlan, the boy. er oghlan, the son.
kits oghlan, the daughter.
/7/, the elephant. erkek fil, the male elephant.
dm fil, the female elephant.
3. Proper names derived from the Arabic form the
feminine by adding e or a to the male name, as:
48
c
Hdlil (masc.) Halile (fern.)
Selim (masc.) Selima (fern.).
It is also customary to place the name of the Sultan
after, but that of the Sultana before the word Sultan,
thus:
Sultan Selim Selima Sultan.
DECLENSION OP THE NOUN.
The Turkish noun has two declensions, and six
cases.
Those ending in a consonant belong to the first, those
ending in a vowel belong to the second declension.
The plural is formed by the particle J lam-re which
is either pronounced lar or ler, it is pronounced
lar, if the final syllable is hard, or if the word contains
the vowels a, o or u.
ler, if the final syllable is soft, or if the word contains
the vowels e or i, as:
and, the mother, plural analar, the mothers.
bdbci, the father, babalar, the fathers.
kopek, the dog, kopekler, the dogs.
gun, the day, gunler, the days.
FIRST DECL.
SECOND DECL.
Sing.
PL
Sing. PL
Gen.
In
un
nun un
Dat.
e
e
ja a
Ace.
I
I
jy y
Ablat.
den
den
dan dan
49.
FIRST DECLENSION.
Singular.
Norn, lutf, the mercy.
Gen. lutfin, of
Dativ lutfe, to
Accus. lutfi, mercy.
Vocativ./# lutf, oh mercy.
Plural
lutfler, mercies.
lutflerun, of mercies.
lutfler e, to
lutfler i,
ja lutfler, oh
Abl. lutf den, from -
lutfler den, from -
SECOND DECLENSION.
Singular.
Nom. ana, the mother
Gen. ananiin, of the -
Dat. anaja, to the -
Ace. andjy, the
Voc. ./ ;&, oh
Abl. anadan, from the -
Plural.
analar, the mothers.
analarun, of the
analara, to the -
analary, the
y analar, oh
analar dan, from the -
To the Vocative, which is always like the Nominative
the exclamations o, bre, hej or ja precede.
SPECIMEN OF DECLENSION.
The Turks add the following postpositions to the No
minative.
Consonant.
Genitive (& h (nasal)
Dative 5 h
Accusative ^ i
Turkish (irammar.
Vowel.
50
Although there are in reality only two declensions,
yet the modern grammarians adopt four different forms
for each declension, which the euphony of the language
suggests, namely:
FIKST DECLENSION.
For words ending in a Consonant:
Hard. Soft.
Genitive EN OUN IN UN < sagher-keef.
Dative A A E E 5 he.
Accusative E ou i u ^ ye.
Ablative DAN DAN DEN DEN ^o dal-noon.
SECOND DECLENSION.
For words ending in a Vowel:
Hard. Soft.
Genitive NEN NOUN NIN NUN
Dative JA JA JE JE
Accusative JE jou ji ju
Ablative DAN DAN DEN DEN
noon-sdgher-keef.
JL> ye-he.
ye-ye.
dal-noon.
FIEST DECLENSION.
Words ending in a Consonant of which the last syl-
lable is hard.
First Class.
Singular &*JL>O miff red.
Nom. The book,
Gen. of the book,
Dat.
Ace.
to the book,
the book,
Abl. from the book,
! kltab.
I ki tab-en.
j kitdb-a.
kitab-z.
kitdb-dan.
51
Plural, - t ^ djem.
Nom. The books,
Gen. of the books,
Dat. to the books,
Ace. the books,
Abl. from the books,
Second Class.
Singular.
Nom. The bird,
Gen. of the bird,
Dat. to the bird,
Ace. the bird,
Abl. from the bird,
Nom. The birds,
Gen. of the birds,
Dat. to the birds,
Ace. the birds,
Abl. from the birds,
Plural.
I
kitab-lar.
kitalo-lar-un.
kitdb-lar-d.
kitdb-lar-e.
kitab-lar-dan.
qush.
qush-oun..
qush-a.
qush-ou.
qush- dan.
qush-lar.
qush-lar -un.
qush-lar-d.
qush-lar-e.
qush-lar-ddn,
Words ending in a Consonant of which the last syllable
is soft.
Third Class.
Singular.
Nom. The language,
Gen. of the language,
Dat. to the language,
Ace. the language,
Abl. from the language,
J*
dil.
dll-ih.
dil-e.
dll-i.
dil- den.
4*
52
Plural.
Nom. The languages,
Gen. of the languages,
Dat. to the languages,
Ace. the languages,
Abl. from the languages,
j^j
Fourth Class.
Singular.
Nom. The rose,
Gen. . of the rose,
Dat. to the rose,
Ace. the rose,
Abl. from the rose,
Nom. The roses,
Gen. of the roses,
Dat. to the roses,
Ace. the roses,
Abl. from the roses, -
Plural.
dil-ler.
dil-ler -In.
dil-ler -e.
dil-ler-i.
dil-ler-den.
gul-un.
\ gill-e.
| gul-il
| gill-den.
I gul-ler.
I gul-ler-in.
gul-ler-e.
gul-ler-i.
gul-ler-den,
SECOND DECLENSION.
Words ending in a vowel of which the last syllable is
hard.
First Class.
Singular.
Nom. The chamber,
Gen. of the chamber,
oda.
oda-n-en.
53
Dat. to the chamber,
Ace. the chamber,
Abl. from the chamber,
oda-j-d.
odd-j-e.
odd-dan.
Plural.
Nom. The chambers,
Gen. of the chambers,
Dat. to the chambers,
Ace. the chambers,
Abl. from the chambers,
oda-lar.
odd-ldr-un.
odd-ldr-d.
odd-ldr-e.
odd-ldr-ddn,
Nom. The box,
Gen. of the box,
D%t. to the box,
Ace. the box,
Abl. from the box,
Second Class,
Singular.
20
qutu-nun.
qutu-jd.
qutu-ju.
qiitu-ddn.
Plural.
Nom. The boxes,
Gen. of the boxes,
Dat. to the boxes,
Ace. the boxes,
Abl. from the boxes,
I qutu-ldr.
\ qutu-ldr -un.
; qutu-ldr-d.
\ qutu-ldr-e.
qutu-ldr-ddn.
Words ending in a vowel of which the last syllable
is soft.
54
Nom. The vinegar,
Gen. of the vinegar,
Dat. to the vinegar,
Ace. the vinegar,
Abl. from the vinegar,
Third Class.
Singular.
dbtt&AM
Nom. The vinegars,
Gen. of the vinegars,
Dat. to the vinegars,
Ace. the vinegars,
Abl. from the vinegars.
Plural
\ wj^u
sirke.
sirke-n-in.
sirke-j-e.
sirke-j-i.
sirke-den.
sirke-ler.
sirke-ler-m.
sirke-ler-e.
sirke-ler-i.
sirke-ler -den.
Fourth Class,
Singular.
Nom. The bridge,
Gen. of the bridge,
Dat. to the bridge,
Ace. the bridge,
Abl. from the bridge,
Nom. The bridges,
Gen. of the bridges,
Dat. to the bridges,
Ace. the bridges,
Abl. from the bridges,
Plural.
koprii.
kopru-nun.
kopru-je.
kopru-ju.
kopru-den.
kopru-ler.
kdpru-ler-un.
kopru-le-re.
kopru-ler-i.
kopru-ler-den.
55 ~-
THE ADJECTIVE.
The Turkish adjective is exactly like the english, un-
declinable, nor does it change either in singular, plural,
or gender; and it always stands before the noun:
guzel at, a fine horse guzel-dtldr, fine horses.
COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES.
The comparative is formed by placing the word dahi,
or daha (more) ^-t> or cok (much) ,v,^ before the posi-
tive as:
Inge, thin ddhd Inge, thinner,
but it is more elegant to form the comparative by adding
the syllable rek after soft, and rdk, after hard finals as:
dhmdk, stupid, comp. dhmdkrdk, more stupid.
gutsel, pretty - gutselrek, prettier.
The Superlative is formed by placing the words <&\ en,
&* peki <>Ls) tsijdde, oole. ghajet, before the Positive as:
en gutsel, very beautiful or the most beautiful.
pek fend, the worst.
tstjdde mdlli, very rich.
FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES.
Adjectives may be formed from nouns by the syllables
7i7, U or lii, (jj J) as:
"itibar, the honour Wbdrli, honourable,
akll, reason akilli, reasonable.
kir, dirt, kirli, dirty.
56
osman, the Turk osmarili, turkish.
magar, the Hungarian magarli, hungarian.
osmarili tutun, turkish tobacco.
magarli sarab, hungarian wine.
The syllables clshe, and yWi, are also used to form
adjectives, as:
franzits g~ii,* like a Frenchman.
nemce gib'i, like a German.
arab gibi, like an Arab.
ADJECTIVES.
Red,
white,
black,
yellow,
green,
blue,
great,
small,
good,
bad,
wide,
straight,
long,
short,
heavy,
light,
new,
old,
V *
qermeze.
beydz.
s'tydh
sure.
yeshil.
mdvl.
biiyilk.
kiltchuk.
eiu.
fena kern.
inlu.
doghrii.
uzun.
k'issah.
dgher.
khdfif.
yeni.
eski.
57
difficult,
easy,
strong,
weak,
handsome,
ugly,
hard,
soft,
full,
empty,
sweet,
sour,
clean,
dirty,
hot,
cold.
dry,
wet,
high,
low,
near,
far,
much,
little,
wise,
stupid,
brave,
timid,
polite,
vulgar,
ar"
gutch.
coldi.
cuvetlu.
zebun.
guzeL
tchirkin.
cdti.
yumshac.
bosh.
tatlu.
ddji.
temiz.
murddr.
zssi.
souk.
I
curu.
jdshlu.
yuksek.
dltchdc.
ydqen.
uzdc.
tchoc.
dz.
akellu.
ahmac.
shedja'atlu.
corcdc.
edeblu.
bciyaghi.
58
cruel,
humane,
generous.
faithful,
just,
unjust,
zalim.
muruvetlu.
djumerd.
sadakatlu.
^adaletlu.
insafstz.
NUMERALS.
1. CARDINAL NUMBERS.
The Turks have two methods of computation, one by
ciphers (which we give below) the other by letters of. the
alphabet, which is now rarely used.
1. one,
ikl.
titch.
dort.
besh.
altee.
yed~i.
seklz.
dhoquz.
on.
on-bir.
on-lki.
dn-utch.
dn-dort.
on-besh.
on-dltee.
2.
two,
Jo! F
3.
three,
A (
4.
four,
)
5.
five,
^j*O d
6.
six,
ts^' **
7.
seven,
^Ju v
8.
eight,
'*>AtaAU A
9.
nine,
\*Ju0 ^
10.
ten,
(J^ ^
11.
eleven,
^ (J^ tf
12.
twelve,
^ u;' ^
13.
14.
thirteen,
fourteen,
1 t UJ
5* \ &
15.
fifteen,
(J^? oJ I*
16.
sixteen,
.LJI (.t.t 11
59
17. seventeen,
18. eighteen,
19. nineteen,
20. twenty,
21. twenty-one,
22. twenty-two,
23. twenty-three,
24. twenty-four,
25. twenty-five,
26. twenty-six,
27. twenty-seven,
28. twenty-eight,
29. twenty-nine,
30. thirty,
31. thirty-one,
32. thirty-two,
40. forty,
50. fifty,
60. sixty,
70. seventy,
71. seventy-one,
72. seventy-two,
80. eighty,
90. ninety,
91. ninety-one,
100. one hundred,
101. hundred and
one,
102. hundred and
two,
tv
U
14
o
Fa
F1
Fv
FA
rt
o/ 5 *
JJ! *.
A*
1(
on-yedi.
on-sekiz.
on-dhdquz.
yirmi.
yirmi loir.
yirmi iki.
y'lrrni iitsh.
yirmi dort.
yirmi besh.
yirmi dltee.
yirmi yedi.
yirmi sekiz.
yirmi dhoquz.
otuz.
otuz ITir.
otuz iki.
qirq.
elli.
dltmish.
yetmish.
yetmish bir.
yetmish iki.
seksen.
dhoqsdn.
dhoqsdn bir.
yuz.
yuz bir.
yuz iki.
60
200. two hundred,
300. three hundred,
1000. a thousand,
2000. two thousand,
one million,
iki yuz.
utsh yuz.
iki bin.
ITir milyon.
2. ORDINAL NUMBERS.
The ordinal numbers are formed by the addition of
the particle .^^ indjy, to the cardinal.
birindjy. ilk.
ikmdju.
utchundjy.
dordundjy.
beshindjy.
altindjy.
yedmdjy.
sekizindjy.
dhoquzundjy.
onimdjy.
on Urindjy.
on ikindjy.
on utchundjy.
on dordundjy.
on beshindjy.
The first,
the second,
the third,
the fourth,
the fifth,
the sixth,
the seventh,
the eighth,
the ninth,
the tenth,
the eleventh,
the twelfth,
the thirteenth,
the fourteenth,
the fifteenth,
&c.
the twentieth,
the twenty-first,
the twenty-second,
yirmmdjy.
yirmi birindjy.
yirmi ikindjy.
61
the twenty-third,
the thirtieth,
&c.
j I ylrmi utchundjy.
j otiizindjy.
I
The ordinal numhers are declinable; they always pre-
cede the subject counted.
3. FRACTIONAL NUMBERS.
Half,
the third part,
the quarter,
the fifth part,
the sixth part,
^
r?
yarem. yare.
utchte blr. sills,
dortte Ur. bir
rub',
beshte blr. bir
khums.
dltedd bir. blr
suds.
4. DISTRIBUTIVE NUMBERS.
The distributive numbers are formed by adding to the
cardinal the termination * er, for those ending ,in a con-
sonant, and *,& shr for those ending in a vowel.
One by one, singly,
two and two, the pair,
three and three, by threes,
four and four, by fours,
five and five, by fives,
birer.
ikisher.
utsher.
dorder.
besher.
62
PRONOUNS.
1. PEKSONAL PKONOUNS.
Nom. I,
Gen. of me,
Dat. to me,
Ace. me,
Abl. from me,
Nom. We,
Gen. of us,
Dat. to us,
Ace. us,
Abl. from us,
First Person.
Singular.
uH
ben.
r^
bemm.
i^ :
baha.
^
bent.
^JoL?
ben den
Plural
,
o
biz.
r yj
bizim.
9?
bizeh.
bizt.
^
bizden .
Second Person.
Singular.
Nom. Thou,
&"
sen.
Gen. of thee,
dUu*
senm.
Dat. to thee,
IJL
sana.
Ace. thee,
(5^
sent.
Abl. from thee,
^JU^
sen den
Plural
Nom. You,
JT 1
siz.
Gen. of you,
i)Ly
sizm.
63
Dat. to you,
Ace. you,
Abl. from you,
sizeh.
sizt.
\ sizden.
Nona. He, she, it,
Gen. of him, her, it,
Dat. to him, her, it,
Ace. him, her, it,
Abl. from him, her it,
Third Person.
Singular.
Jjl ^
0, O/.
db!
Oftim (anun)
?
iri
ona (ana).
C5^'
onu.
it,
Jo!
on dan.
Norn. They,
Gen. of them,
Dat. to them,
Ace. them,
Abl. from them,
Plural.
\
^.
onlar.
onlarin.
onlard.
onlari.
onlar dan.
2. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
From the Genitive of the Personal pronouns are formed
the possessive pronouns, namely:
benim, mine, my.
senin^ thine, thy.
onun, his, her.
They are used like the Adjectives, and remain un-
changed under all circumstances.
j "bizim, our, ours.
^ sizm, your, yours.
onldrm, their, theirs.
2. Affixed Pronouns, are however generally employed
by the Turks, namely:
mine after a vowel is expressed by m, *,
after a consonant by im, urn, um.
our after a vowel by mis, mils, mils, yo,
after a consonant nriis, iimus, umus.
et, the meat, etirnls, our meat,
.
thine after a vowel by w, after a consonant by m, tin, ww, <.
sac-in, thy hair sdcldr-in, thy hairs,
?/owr after a vowel by w7s, wws, nz7s after a consonant
by mts, units, unus, J?'.
usta-nis, your master ustalar-ims, your masters.
his, her after a consonant by i, u, u, _ after a vowel by
-jgu
as:
, the red" (turkish) cap fezJ, his, her red cap.
Inna, the building binasi, his, her building.
EXAMPLES:
baba, father, bdbam, my father, baban, thy father, babasj,
his father, bdbamls, our father, bdbams, your father,
bdbdldri, their father.
e/, hand,
God,
?, the way,
, book,
ehm,
eli-mis,
my hand,
our hand,
attahim, my God,
oMdhimis, our God,
my way,
our way,
"kitabiwi, my book,
kitdbimzs, our book,
e?M&, thy hand,
elmls, your hand,
dttdhin, thy God,
dlldhmis, your God,
thy way,
wlunus, your way,
kitdbm, thy book,
Jcitdbmis, your book,
efe,
his hand.
elileri,
their hand.
attain,
his God.
allahlarl,
their God.
wlu,
his way.
wldri,
their way.
kitdbi,
his book.
Tcitdbldri,
their book.
65
All Substantives, which have taken the possessive ter-
mination are regularly declined thus:
Singular.
N. bdbdm, my father,
G. babamm, of my
D. babamd, to my
Ace. babamt, my
Abl. babamddn, from my -
Plural.
babalarim, my fathers.
babalarimm, of my
babalarimd, to my
babalarimi, my
balalarimddn, from my -
SPECIMENS OF DECLENSION WITH POSSESSIVE AFFIXES.
Nom. My son,
Gen. of my son,
Dat. to my son,
Ace. my son,
Abl. from my son,
Singular.
( r my.)
oghlum.
oghlumuh.
oghlumdh.
oghlumi.
oghlumddn.
Singular.
(i thy).
Nom. N Thy friend,
Gen. of thy friend,
Dat. to thy friend,
Ace. thy friend,
Abl. from thy friend,
do s tin.
dostinin.
dostindh.
dostini.
do s tin dan.
Turkish Grammar.
66
Singular.
y> his, her.)
Nona. His bread,
Gen. of his bread,
Dat. to his bread,
Ace. his bread,
Abl. from his bread,
ekmeguy.
ekmeguinun.
ekmeguineh.
ekmeguini.
ekmeguinden.
The pronouns, mine, thine, his, &c., are expressed by
the genitive cases of their respective persons ^ . ben,
sen, J.t ol, &c.; followed by the relative ^ki; as:
benumki.
senufiki.
mine
thine,
his,
ours,
yours,
theirs,
Myself, thyself, &c.; are expressed by ^Jo5" kendu,
kendi, to which are joined the corresponding possessive
Affixes, as:
anuiiki.
bizumki.
sizunki.
anldrunki.
myself,
thyself,
himself, herself
, j
>jos"
ourselves,
yourselves,
themselves,
kendum.
kenduh.
kendi.
kendisi.
kendumiz.
kendunuz.
kenduleri.
67
3. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
this, that,
this, the same,
this,
Nom. This, that,
Gen. of this,
Dat. to this,
Ace. this,
Abl. from this,
Nom. These,
Gen. of these,
Dat. to these,
Ace. these,
Abl. from these,
shu.
bu.
ishbu.
DECLENSION.
Singular.
XOj *&
that,
that,
o.
ol.
bu, shu, ishbu.
bunun.
bund.
bunu.
bunddn.
Plural.
bunlar, or bunnar.
bunldrin, or bunndrih.
bunldrd, or bunndrd.
bunldrz, or bunndri.
bunlar dan , or bunnar dan,
4. RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
*5 kih) who, which, that; is not declinable, but is joined
to .1 or J.| o, ol, with which it forms one word.
Singular.
Nom. Which, that,
Gen. of which,
Dat. to which,
Ace.
Abl.
which,
from which,
111
ki.
ki onun.
ki ond.
ki oni.
ki ondan.
68
5. INTEBBOGATIVE PRONOUNS.
Who? of persons
what? of things
who? which? what? which one?
20
kim.
ne.
kanghi.
DECLENSION.
Singular.
Nom
. Who, which?
jf
kim.
Gen.
of whom, of
which ?
(^
kimm.
Dat.
to whom, to
which ?
^
kime.
Ace.
who, which?
(S+*
kimi.
Abl.
from whom?
U^
kimden.
Plural.
Nom
. Who, which?
JU^
kimler.
Gen.
of whom, of
which?
^juy
kimlerm.
Dat.
to whom, to
which?
aJUS^
kimlere.
Ace.
who, which?
^JU*'
kimleri.
Abl.
from whom?
<jV+ r
kimler den.
Singular.
Nom
. What?
XJ>
ne.
Gen.
of what?
(^020
nenm .
Dat.
to what?
30^
neje.
Ace.
what?
J2O
nehji.
Abl.
from what?
^^
neden.
When preceding
an Adjective, it signifies how; as
how
handsome,
J\5^*ao ne guzel .
how
how
many,
happy,
\ Jo ao ne cdddr.
JLbxj 20 ne mutlu.
69
When followed by a substantive, it becomes an Ad-
jective; as: id *t>t & ne ddem dir, what man is it?
The interrogative pronoun ,-AxS kdnghi, which; always
precedes the substantive, and is indeclinable unless joined
with the possessive Affixes.
house?
kanghi ev, which
Examples.
kirn dir o? who is that?
klme jasdm? to whom hast thou written?
ne vdr? what is it?
nem vdr? what have I?
nenln dir su? to what belongs that?
kdnghy elmds? which diamond?
kdnghy at? which horse?
kdng.hymis? which of us?
6. INDEFINITE PEONOUNS.
a certain one,
some one, some-body,
any-one,
all, every,
each, every-one, all,
another,
no one, none,
nothing,
such a one, a certain one,
bir kimse.
bir kishi.
her.
her birJ.
her kess*
he pis si.
ghairi.
hich bir kimse.
hich Ur shei.
filldn.
70
the other,
whoever,
whatever,
ol far.
her kim.
her kdnghl.
her ne.
nereli means: from which country, nereli zsm? what
countryman are you?
kimze, nobody kimze gelmedl, nobody has come.
THE YEEB.
There are in the Turkish Language verbal forms for
any possible action, that one may want to expressed.
One or two letters are however sufficient to give to the
active verb an entirely different signification; it is
between the root and the termination of the verb that
this insertion takes place.
Every turkish verb ends in the infinitive either in mek
or mdk.
Those whose root has a soft vowel end in mek those
with a hard vowel end in mdk.
The Passive Verb is formed by placing J lam, before
the terminations vJlx> mek, or j^o mdk; as; dixy*, sevmek,
to love; dLfrJ^w sevllmek, to be loved.
The Negative form of the Verb is formed by adding to
the root * mim, as; dLJ^I olmek, to die; dU^t olmemek,
not to die; (j^j'l atmak, to throw; ^J-M^'I dtmdmdk, not to
throw.
The Impossible is formed from the Negative by insert-
ing 5 eh, or | ah, before the negative terminations dUx>
memek; <o.vo mamak, as :
* dUxu.-uw sevmemek, not to love; dL+xj*.^ sevehmemek,
to be unable to love.
The Reciprocal is formed by inserting ^& sh, to the
root; viLo^uw sevmek, to love; viL^..,*, sevishmek, to love
one another.
The Causal Verb is formed by inserting ^ dir, or J>
tir, dUJJ olmek, to die; dUujJJ oldlrmek, to cause to
die, to kill.
The Reflective Verb is formed by inserting ^ to the
root; vdo<K.X gormek. to see; dl^..^ gormmek, to see
one's self.
TABLE OF THE FORMATION OF TURKISH
From the Act. Verb, to love,
2
Negat.: not to love,
cu I Imposs.: to be unable to love,
From the Causal V. to make one love,
Negat. : not to make one love,
Imposs. : to be unable to make
one love,
From the Passive: to be loved,
Negat.: not to be loved,
Imposs.: not be able to be
loved,
Causal : to cause to be loved,
From the Reflective to love one's self,
Negat. : not to love one's self,
Imposs. : to be imposs. to love
one self,
Causal: to make one self
loved,
Negat. : not to make one
self loved,
Imposs.: to be imposs. to make
one self loved,
From the Recip. to love each other,
Negat.: not to love each
other,
Imposs.: to be imp. to love,
Passive: to be loved mutually,
Causal: not to be loved
mutually,
Imp. of d to be unable to be
loved mutually,
Caus.ofr. to make one love
another,
Neg. of C. not to make, d,
Imp. of C. to be imp. ; d 3
i;wj-,
*)*r*
r*
y^r*
N fc^N- .<WU
tjtef*,
I*JM
MM
'*W
?\(.A.UJ*^uw
X
\ CAxA-w w
VERBS.
sevmek.
sevmemek.
sevememek. -
sevdirmek.
sevdirmemek.
sevdirememek.
sevilmek.
sevilmemek.
sevilememek.
sevildirmek.
sevinmek.
sevinmemek.
sevinememek.
sevindirmek.
sevindirmemek.
sevindirememck.
sevishmek.
sevishmemek.
sevishememek.
sevishilmek.
sevishilmemek.
sevishilememek.
sevishdirmek.
sevisdirmemek.
sevishdirememek.
73
CONJUGATION OF THE AUXILIARY VERB.
to be,
olmac.
I am,
thou art,
he is,
we are,
you are,
they are,
I was,
thou wast,
he was,
we were,
you were,
they were,
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
y/>
IMPERFECT.
PERFECT.
I was, or have been,
thou wast, or hast been,
he was, or has been.
we were, or have been,
you were, or have been,
they were, or have been,
im.
sen.
dir, der.
iz.
siz simz.
dirler, derler.
idim.
idih.
idi.
idik.
idihiz.
idiler.
imishim.
imishsiz.
imishdir.
imishiz.
imishsiz.
imishlerdir.
74
COMPOUND OP PERFECT.
I had been,
*
Jot (jSbJjl
olmish idim.
thou hadst been,
<a
Jot (ji^Jjt
olmish idin.
he had been,
(S
Jot (jic*J^t
olmish idi.
we had been,
J
t\-j| (JM^J^I
olmish idik.
you had been,
1
:
tXs! yi^Jl olmish idiniz.
they had been,
s
J
r
Lj
Jo! (jii-*J! olmish idiler.
FUTURE.
I shall, or will be,
r;r^
olurim.
thou shalt, or wilt be
c^;^'
olur sen.
he shall, or will be,
; ^l
olur.
we shall, or will be,
;;^|
oluriz.
you shall, or will be,
olursiz.
they shall, or will be,
y^ 1
olurler.
CONDITIONAL.
I would be.
(^J.l olur dim.
^4>sJ.I olurdik.
^X> v J 1 olur din
j5t> % .J . 1 o /wr tf wzz .
(^^J.t olurdi.
^Ov^iJJ olurlerdi.
COMPOUND
OP
CONDITIONAL.
I would have been,
r ju^ ;r r ; t
olurmishidim.
thou wouldst have been,
c^Ju^x ; J.t
olurmishidih.
he would have been,
^ju^ ; ^1
olurmishidi.
we would have been,
^Jjoui^os J.l olurmishiduk.
you would have been,
/ * t **)r5*
olurmishidiniz .
they would have been, |
(
y
5
olurmishidiler .
olur mishler idi.
75
IMPEBATIVE MOOD.
Be thou,
let him be,
let us be,
be ye,
let them be,
olsun.
olalem.
olaniz, or
olsunler.
OPTATIVE.
PKESENT OF FUTUBE.
That I may be.
ollam.
ollasin.
olid.
COMPOUND OF PKESENT.
That I may have been.
olmish ollam.
olmish ollasin.
olid.
IMPERFECT.
that, I
I might be.
olaidim.
olaidih.
ollaiiz.
ollasiz.
dialer.
olmishollauz.
olmish ottasiz.
ollaler.
olaidik.
olaidiniz
olaleridi.
76
COMPOUND OF IMPERFECT.
That I might have been.
olmish ollaidi.
olmish ollaidih.
olmish ollaidi.
olmish ollaidik.
olmish ollaidihiz.
olmish ollaleridi.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT TENSE.
If I be.
eier issam.
eier is sen.
eier isseh.
IMPERFECT
If I were,
eier olsaidim.
eier olsaidih.
eier olsaidi.
PERFECT.
If I have been,'
if thou hast been,
if he has been,
if we have been,
if you have been,
if they have been,
eier issek.
eier isseniz,
eier isseler.
j! S\ eier olsaidik.
eier olsaidiniz.
t S\ eier
olsaidiler.
olmish issam.
eier olmish issan.
eier olmish isseh.
eier olmish issek.
eier olmish issahiz.
eier olmish isseler.
77
FUTUKE.
If I shall be.
eier olmish olurim.
eier olmish olursen.
eier olmish oliir.
eier olmish oliiriz.
eier olmish olursiz.
eier olmish olurler.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
To be,
olmac.
Being,
having been,
intending to be,
whilst being,
GERUNDS.
PARTICIPLE PEESENT.
Which is,
PAETICIPLE PAST.
Which has been,
;JJ,I
PAETIPIPLE FUTUEE.
Which will be,
which must be,
iken.
olup.
olidjac.
olundjeh.
ollan.
olmish.
imish.
oldiik.
oladjak.
olmeli.
The negative of the Verb (J*JJ olmac, to be, to become,
is formed by the insertion of a * before the termina-
78
tion (j^o mac; when used as Auxiliary, it is formed by
prefixing the negative particle J^o deyil, to the
tenses.
Not to be,
EXAMPLE.
(3++V
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. TENSE.
I am not,
thou art not,
he is not,
we are not,
you are not,
they are not,
jJot
IMPERFECT.
I was not,
deyil idim.
deyil idin.
PERFECT.
I have not been,
thou hast not been,
he has not been,
we have not been,
you have not been,
they have not been, | *
olmamac.
deyil im.
deyil sen.
deyil dir.
deyil iz.
deyil siz.
deyillerdir.
idik '
deyil idiniz.
deyil imishim.
deyil imishsen.
deyil imishdir.
deyil imishiz.
deyil imishsiz.
deyil imishlerdir.
79
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRESENT AND FUTURE.
If I be not,
if thou be not,
if he be not,
if we be not, &c.
If I were not,
if thou wert not,
if he were not, &c.
IMPERFECT.
uuol J5t>
deyil issam.
deyil issan.
deyil isseh.
deyil issek.
deyil issaidim.
deyil issaidin.
deyil issaidi.
CONJUGATION OF THE IMPERSONAL VERB.
There is, *& J. var dir.
INDICATIVE.
PRESENT.
There is,
IMPERFECT.
There was, | ^5 Jo!
s
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRESENT.
If there be,
If there had been,
There being,
IMPERFECT.
x.
GERUND.
var dir.
var idi.
var isseh.
var saidi.
var iken.
80
The other tenses, are derived from the Verb
olmac, to be.
The Negative is expressed by:
There is not,
,
yok dir.
There is not,
There was not,
INDICATIVE.
PEESENT.
)^ Oj
| yok dir.
IMPERFECT.
^tXx^
yoghidi.
If there be not,
If there had not been,
There not being,
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRESENT.
1 ***>
| yoghissah.
IMPEEFECT.
Jen, ^cXAju^C*5
| yoghisaidi.
GERUND.
yoghiken.
The Turkish language possesses no verb "to have"
but they use, instead of it, the impersonal Verb *t> J.
var dir, preceded by the genitive cases of the possessive
pronouns.
EXAMPLE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PEESENT.
I have, (literally; mine there is) J. *jb benim var.
thou hast, J. tjSJLuw senih var.
) i ^^
he has, J. (&\ onin var.
81
we have,
you have,
they have,
bizim var.
sizih var.
onlarin var.
IMPERFECT.
I had, (mine there was.)
benim var idi.
senin var idi.
onih var idi.
bizim var idi.
sizih var idi.
onlarin var idi.
FUTURE.
I shall have, (mine there will be.)
benim olur.
senin olur.
onih olur.
bizim olur.
sizih olur.
onlarin olur.
CONDITIONAL.
I should have, etc.
Have thou,
let him have,
Turkish Grammar.
IMPERATIVE.
benim
senin olsun.
onih olsun.
6
82
let us have,
have ye,
let them have,
bizim olsun.
sizin olsun.
'onlarin olsun.
And so on, through the other tenses of the impersonal
var dir.
Verb .
CONJUGATION OF THE NEGATIVE OF THE VEBB TO HAVE.
PRESENT.
I have not, (mine there is not.)
*t> .J.J jvJo benim yok dir.
senin yok.
onih yok.
bizim yok.
sizin yok.
onlarin yok.
I had not,
we had not, etc.
If I have not,
if we have not, etc.
IMPERFECT.
xcj jv-o | benim yoghidi.
x-> *yy | bizim yoghidi.
CONDITIONAL MOOD.
XfcjJ p-0
benim yoghissa.
Lcj ^'
bizim yoghissd.
COMPOUND OF PRESENT.
If I have not had, | ^ Juu*fcfrj *jo | benim yoghsaidi.
if we have not had, etc.
zim yoghsaidi.
83
CONJUGATION OF REGULAR VERBS.
FIRST CONJUGATION TERMINATING IN dLo mek.
INFINITIVE.
to love,
SECOND PRESENT.
I am loving,
seviorim.
seviorsin.
sevior.
IMPERFECT.
I did love,
sever dim.
severdin.
severdi.
SECOND IMPERFECT.
I was loving, &c.
*4>s-^
sevmek.
INDICATIVE,
PRESENT TENSE.
I love,
r;r*
sever im.
thou lovest,
vj^r*
sever sin.
he loves,
;r*
sever.
We love,
sever iz.
you love,
'?*)?"
seversiz.
they love,
j)+">
severler.
sevionz.
seviorsiz.
siviorler.
sever 'dik.
severdihiz.
severdiler.
sevior dim.
84
*W
T\MM
M M
-wu
PERFECT.
I loved,
sevdim.
sevdin.
sevdi.
v3 ^ %_ AjV
f**r>
FUTURE.
I shall or will love,
seve-djeyim. I yjC^.-u;
sevedjeksen. yujC^.^
seve-djekder. ^oJLjC^.*^
CONDITIONAL.
I would or could love.
severidim.
severidih.
sever idi.
COMPOUND OF PRESENT.
I have loved,
sevmishim.
sevmishsen.
sevmishdir.
vAWwW./?^v
Love thou,
let him love,
IMPEEATIVE MOOD.
r*
sevdik.
sevdihiz.
sevdiler.
seve-djeyiz.
seve-djeksiz.
seve-djeklerdi.
severidik.
sever idimz.
severleridi.
sevmishiz.
sevmishsiz.
sevmishler.
Let us love,
love ye,
let them love,
sevsin.
sevelim.
seveniz.
sevsinler.
85
OPTATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
That I may love,
seveyim.
sevesin.
seveh.
*4ttMM
IMPERFECT.
That I might love,
seveidim.
seveidih.
seveidi.
seveiz.
sevesiz.
seveler.
seveidik.
seveidihiz.
seveidiler.
\+j
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
If I love,
seversem.
severseh.
severseh.
IMPERFECT.
If I did love,
sevsem.
sevsen.
sevseh.
COMPOUND OF PRESENT.
If I have loved,
sevmish issem.
sevmish isseh.
sevmish isseh.
seversek.
severseniz.
seversehler.
sevsek.
sevseniz.
sevsehler.
sevmish issek.
j guo ^w sevmish issehiz.
sevmish issehler.
86 -i.
PAST IMPERFECT.
If I had loved,
sevsehidim.
sevsehidm.
sevsehidi.
*^
sevsehidik.
sevsehidiniz.
sevsehidiler.
INFINITIVE.
fc^w
GERUNDS.
to love,
to have loved,
before having loved,
after having loved,
intending to love,
In loving,
having loved,
in continuing to love,
loving,
-^
INDECLINABLE PARTICIPLES
Present. Loving,
Past. Loved,
Present. Declinable. Loving,
Past. Declinable. Loved,
Future. Intending to love,
obliged to love,
sevmek.
sevmish olmac.
sevdikden evel.
sevdikden sohra.
sevedjek olmac.
sever ken.
severiken.
sevip.
severek.
sevindjeh.
sever,
sevmish.
seven,
sevdik.
sevedjek.
sevmeli.
tftdw
87
SECOND CONJUGATION TEEMINATING IN <J^ mac.
INFINITIVE.
To look,
bacmac.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT TENSE.
I look,
thou lookest,
he looks,
~J *
bacarim.
bacarsin.
bacar.
We look,
you look,
they look,
5S
bacariz.
bacarsiz.
bacarler.
SECOND PRESENT.
I am looking,
L bacaiorim.
L bacaiorsin.
bacaior.
L bacaioriz.
L bacaiorsiz.
bacaiorler.
'Y**
IMPERFECT.
I did look,
bacardim.
,vjy.sL "bacardik.
bacardin.
yTt>ySLj bacardiniz.
bacardi.
vJLsOvi'Lj bacar diler.
SECOND IMPERFECT.
I was looking, &c.
bacaiordim,
88
*
PEEFECT.
I looked,
bacdim.
bacdin.
bacdi.
FUTURE.
I shall or will look,
bacadjdghim.
bacadjaksen.
bacadjakdir.
CONDITIONAL.
I would or could look,
bacaridim.
bacaridih.
bacaridi.
COMPOUND OF PKESENT.
I have looked,
bacmishim.
bacmishen.
bacmishdir.
bacdik.
bacdiniz.
bacdiler.
bacadjaghiz.
bacadjaksiz.
bacadjaklar.
bacaridik.
bacaridiniz.
bacarlaridi.
bacmishiz.
bacmtshsiz.
bacmishler.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Look thou,
let him look,
Let us look,
look ye,
let them look,
bac.
bacsin.
bacalim.
bacaniz.
bacsinler.
89
*
OPTATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
That I may look,
bacayim.
bacasen.
baca.
JssL
IMPERFECT.
That I might look,
bacaidim.
bacaidin.
bacaidi.
bacauz.
bacasiz.
bacaler.
bacaidik.
bacaidiniz.
bacaidiler.
/*>
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
If I look,
bacarsam.
bacarsan.
bacarsah.
J
IMPERFECT.
If I did look,
^
bacsdm.
bacsan.
bacsah.
COMPOUND OF PRESENT.
If I have looked,
bacmish issem.
bacmish is sen.
bacmish isseh.
bacarsac.
bacarsafiiz.
bacarsaler.
bacsac.
bacsaniz.
bacsaler.
bacmish issek.
bacmish issehiz,
bacmishissehler.
90
PAST IMPERFECT.
If I had looked,
bacsaidim.
bacsaidin.
O.
bacsaidic.
bacsaidmiz.
bacsaidi. Jb<Xu*J>b bacsaidiler
INFINITIVE.
J.I .
GERUNDS.
To look,
to have looked,
before looking,
after looking,
intending to look,
In looking,
having looked,
in looking (constantly),
in looking,
INDECLINABLE PARTICIPLES
Present. Looking,
Past. looked,
Declinable Present. Looked,
Declinable Past. Looked,
bacmac.
bacmish olmac.
bacdikden evel.
bacdikden sonra.
bacadjac olmac.
bacarken.
\ bacariken.
bacip.
bacarak.
bakindjeh.
Future.
Intending to look,
obliged to look,
bacar.
bacmish.
toucan,
bacdik.
bacadjak.
bacmali.
91
CONJUGATION OF A NEGATIVE VERB.
The negative Verb is formed by adding . mim to the
root through all its Moods and Tenses; the indeclinable
Participle present, instead of ending in , as in the affir-
mative Verbs, forms its termination in yc pronounced
mez or maz, according as the Infinitive ends in ^Lo mek,
or jo mac.
To speak,
not to speak.
EXAMPLE.
sdilemek.
soilememek.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PKESENT.
I do not speak,
thoudoestnot speak,
he does not speak,
We do no speak,
you do not speak,
they do not speak,
SECOND PKESENT.
I am not speaking
soilemeiorem.
soilemeiorsin.
soilemeior.
soilemem.
sdilemezsin.
soilemez.
soilemeziz.
soilemezsiz.
soilemezler.
soilemeioriz.
s o Hem e'io rsiz .
sdilemeiorler .
92
IMPERFECT.
I did not speak,
sbilemezdim. \
M sbilemezdin. -S^>\
* sbilemezdi.
SECOND IMPERFECT.
I was not speaking, &c. I ^
PERFECT.
I spoke not,
soilemedim.
soilemedin.
sbilemedi.
FUTURE.
I will not speak,
sbilemezdik.
soilemezdiniz.
soilemezdiler.
soilemeiordim.
soilemedik.
sbilemedmiz.
sbilemediler.
sbilemeyedjegim.
The other tenses are formed in the like manner.
GERUND.
not speaking, | ^jJot yjb^-.
sbile'mez ikin.
CONJUGATION OF A VEEB INTEEEOGATIVELY.
When a verb is used interrogatively, the interrogative
particle o mi, is inserted immediately after the root.
INFINITIVE.
To know,
dLJb
Wmek.
Do I know?
dost thou know?
does he know?
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
or
Hilirmi tm.
bilirmisen.
HUrmi.
93
Do we know?
do you know?
do they know?
bilirmiiz.
bilirmisiz.
bilirmiler.
IMPERFECT.
Did I know?
or
bihrmidim.
yo v Jb bilirmidin .
UUrmidi.
^JJoucs Jb bilirmidik.
bilirmidiniz .
Mirmidiler .
JLj <X
PERFECT.
Did I know?
^4.4.3 tX-L
mi.
FUTURE.
Shall I know?
*JUL*JL=* jJb UUdjekmi im.
^.-wwuL^j^Jb bilidjekmi sen.
Widjek mi.
bildiniz mi.
bildiler mi.
^ JLj bilidjekmi iz.
j bilidjekmisimz.
bilidjek miler.
CONDITIONAL.
Like the Imperfect, &c. &c.
CONJUGATION OF A VEEB.
NEGATIVELY AND INTERROGATIVELY.
To understand?
not to understand,
anlamac.
anlamamac.
94
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT OR FUTURE.
Do I not understand?
dost thou not understand ?
does he not understand?
Do we not understand?
do you not understand?
do they not understand?
IMPERFECT.
Did I not understand?
anlamaz mi im.
ahldmdz mi sen.
ahldmdz mi.
ahldmdz mi iz.
ahldmdz mi siniz.
ahldmdz mi dirler.
r
anlamaz mi dim.
ahldmdz mi din.
anlamaz mi di.
ahldmdz mi dik.
anlamaz mi dihiz.
ahldmdz mi diler.
PERFECT.
Did I not understand?
ahldmddim mi.
ahldmddih mi.
ahldmddi mi.
ahldmddik mi.
ahldmddimz mi.
ahldmddiler mi.
95
FUTURE.
Shall I not understand.
fi^ aj(+)&] ahlamaiadjakmi im.
ahlamaiadjakmisen.
ahlamaiadjakmi.
ahlamaiadjak mi iz.
ahlamaiadjak mi sihiz.
ahlamaiadjak mi ler.
CONDITIONAL.
Like the Imperfect. &c. &c.
ADVERBS.
There are a great number of adverb's in Turkish, for
besides the adjectives which are used adverbially, there
are formed in various ways.
1. By a Substantive, followed by the postposition
adbt ileh, with; or ,v^| izreh, upon; as: viJULJo delilik,
stupidity; &Jbt dULJt> delilik ileh, stupidly; dUUu*^
dostlik, friendship; sy-,.! viUjuv.O dostlik izreh, friendly.
2. By adding the Arabic termination (| an) to the
noun, as: ^A^O s^r^, appearance; b^.,0 suretan, ap-
^
parently; o^JLt akibet, end; LuJLa akibetan, finally.
3. By adding the Persian termination xj| ^we^, or
&jL yaneh, to a Noun, as-: ou*.c> ^os^, friend; xiLxAw.4>
dostdnehj friendly.
96
4. By adding the syllable x^ djeh, to a noun,
as: JUot ingliz, English; x^JUG! ingliz dj 'eh , in the
English fashion.
Luo b _JLS cany a.
Where?
Lo#
hanija.
nereje.
St>S*J
nerede.
in which place?
SjJ^? *3
ne mahalda.
Ljj
bura.
here,
AV
bunda.
50l ;r ?
burada.
here, in this place,
>* j4
biijerde.
there,
';j'~~ 8 ;j' or ^*
Ss^co shura,
from thence,
,jJO.-ci shimdan.
on this side,
8 Jo Jo ^J
bu tarafta.
on that side,
8 ^!
ottarafta.
otede.
here and there,
^ ^'
ote beri.
every-where,
^/
her jerde.
nowhere,
"*^y g** Mshbiryer
up above,
sLso ^>L.-5 yocare.
clown below,
^Lol
ashaghe.
in front,
v^'
ileri.
in rear,
^7^
gueri.
before,
c^l
un.
behind,
t>;l
ard.
within,
jr$*.'~~"<5r?*.'
itcheri.
without,
5 r AJb-~ ( < ) L^J
die hare.
97
under, beneath,
above, upon,
much,
little,
for a long time,
early,
late,
far, {
near,
quickly,
to-day,
this evening,
yesterday,
to-morrow,.
the next day,
towards the morning,
during the day,
during the night,
at noon,
at midnight,
more,
too much,
together,
less,
so-so,
so, thus,
here, behold,
Turkish Grammar.
01*
alt
ust.
uzere.
tchoc.
dz.
tchoctariberi,
erken.
guetch.
uzac.
irac.
yak in.
tez.
tshapek.
bu gun.
bit akhsham.
dun.
yarin.
ertessy gun.
sabahlayin.
gunduzun.
guedjeleyn.
oylen.
giiedje yarese.
drtek.
zidde.
beraber.
eksik.
dyle.
boyle.
ichte.
98
f
ijv^
Mtun.
all, every,
*JU^
djumle.
I
L^ r JL_&
v
hep.
other,
XJL&J
L^T
bachka.
ghayre.
always,
I f ^j^N
ddyma.
now, at present,
154X4-&
shimdi, shindi.
again, scarcely,
jjjj*
henuz.
immediately,
JLll^
fil-hdl.
afterwards,
sJilo
sonrd.
very,
4$
pek.
f
L
katsh.
how much?
^
1
NtXftJ
nekadar.
very often,
V
sektsha.
Juij
nassel.
X^vO
nidjeh.
how?
JjCi'L
ne shekil)
*L$^ io
ne vejh-ileh.
au^xj
ne guiuneh.
almost,
^L^
heman.
r
^j I
evet.
yes,
jL
beli.
no, there is not,
o^
yok.
no,
7^
khair.
again,
L^ &
dahd.
also,
t*^.
dakhi.
as much,
\ U<
kddar.
most,
&
en.
certainly,
ycUo
zdhlr.
it is true,
^^
guertshek.
99
it is true,
r&
sahih.
successively,
XJUt8di6
sera-ela.
very softly,
L|^ (>'>
javach javach.
henceforth,
^7?*"? lO*-^- 3 *-?
'bundan boyle.
at least,
&-wo! (jS& /&~^
hitsh deyil isse.
bdri.
opposite,
y&y**3 y*u)
kdrche be/car che.
from time to time, !
^&T*
vaket bevaket.
guiah begiiiah.
above all,
l^y^
khucussa.
at last,
SjoL5^0
sonunda.
perhaps,
ijGL)
belki.
afresh, again,
(j^xJo
jeniden.
for instance,
^JUQ
mesela.
to suppose that, j
*$"$
tutalom ki.
farz edelim ki.
take care!
U ^Lo
sakin ha!
you are right,
^!^ J:^
hakkenez vdr.
several times,
V
tchoq kerre.
tchend def a.
at first, before now, \
y;i
evvela.
(
ItXxil
iptida.
previously,
Lcjuw
mukaddema.
as, like,
' X"
guibi.
micillu.
in such a manner that,
^L^
giliuyaki.
why?
ur^^
nitchin.
excellent! bravo 1
tf*yf
aferin.
so, as much,
olkadar.
7*
100
by accident,
by chance,
UUsI
kaza-ela.
ittifaka.
POSTPOSITIONS.
The Turks have no Prepositions, all words so termed,
are placed in the Turkish language after the noun, and
hence are called Postpositions.
before,
after,
beyond,
since,
other,
by reason of,
proceeding,
outside,
inside,
as to,
towards,
as far as, until,
near, close, ,
far,
with,
on, after, concerning,
sohra.
ote.
beri.
ghctyri.
ma 'ada.
nashL
dishare.
itcheri.
yana.
doghru.
kddar.
deguin.
dek.
yakin.
uzak.
irak.
guore.
ile y le.
uzre.
101 -4-
(
.^..^xjl
itchin.
for, in order,
^
dayr.
I
ts^^yk
dolay.
beyond,
(S)+&i
as here.
instead of,
2CU ,o
yerine.
near, by,
*JoL
ydnena.
concerning,
10*^
hakkena.
khuciicuna.
-
_
CONJUNCTIONS.
If, {
/I
eyer.
(
ftUtof
isse.
(
u
amma.
but, however,
^9
I akin.
1
Njf
ilia.
then,
^cX+jt
imdi, indi.
with, same,
ytf
Uleh.
I.
hdtta.
if, but,
iyCfl
meyer.
also,
cs^^
ddkhi.
I.
5J>
dd, de.
because, since that,
iOo^
tchunki.
because,
fe
zirah.
or, either, |
O^^L yakhod.
[
L ytf.
until, until that,
Li* ! to.
102
and,
provided that, so that,
provided that, only,
that is to say,
hem.
tek.
ya'ni.
INTERJECTIONS.
Oh! well!
very well, bravo!
capital,
oh! oh! how nice!
ah! eh! oh!
well! let us see,
halloo!
hush! silence!
'tis a pity, what a pity !
oh! helas!
*JU!Ulo
; t *l
L
L
hayde.
aferin.
mas hall a.
ne guzel.
oh oh.
hay hay.
guel bakalem.
ey.
bana bak.
bak sana.
ya hu.
ya.
ey.
sus.
sus ol.
yazek.
ne yazek.
yazeklar olsiin.
meded.
ey vah.
103
oh! ah!
o God!
God be praised!
God be thanked!
oh! ah!
halloo!
oh!
take care, atten-
tion!
*JUI
JO
subhan allah.
barek allah.
vdy.
bre.
be.
sakin.
guozunu dtch,
AT FEW PRACTICAL PHRASES.
Give me,
bring me,
if you please.
I beg. Pray,
what do you want ?
I want, I wish,
is there?
there is,
there is not,
where is it?
never mind,
do not be angry,
where are you going?
xu.! x3
ver bana.
ghetir bana.
eyer 1st er sin.
herein et.
ridja ederim.
yalvarerem.
ne istersin.
isterim.
varme.
vdr. varder,
jok, joktur.
nerede. nerde.
zardr jok.
ghudjenme.
dharelma.
nereyeghideyorsun.
104
I am going home,
do you like it ?
very much,
lend me,
do me the favour,
do you learn
turkish?
take care,
shut the door,
I am tired,
how so?
give me that,
open the door,
ring the bell,
do you hear?
call the servant,
make haste,
I want,
I do not want,
I am ready,
are you ready?
yes, Sir,
no,
come here,
go away,
&-LI X
o
ei;^ ghideijorum.
onu severmisin.
pek tchok.
ziyadecile.
odundj ver bana.
bu 'ynajeti eyle
bana.
turktche oireniyor-
mucun.
sd ken.
k dp eye kdpd.
yorghunum.
nacel bmjle.
chunu bana ver.
kapuyu dtch.
tchlngherdghe
tchdl.
'ichidly or mucun.
khezmetcheye
tchdgher.
tchapuk oL
isterim. bana
lazem.
istemem.
hdzerem.
hdzermecen.
evet efendim.
khdyer.
biirdya ghel.
hdyde ghit.
105
go to bed,
listen to me,
he came,
why? what for?
I do not know,
come quickly,
do not be long,
I shall wait for you,
I am mistaken,
I made a mistake,
you are right,
will you do it?
yes, I will,
I cannot,
it is very nice,
it is beautiful,
I am thirsty,
are you hungry?
sit down,
take a seat,
what do they call
- that?
the turkish lan-
guage is har-
monious.
the position of
Constantinople
is magnificent,
y Xft^ * L
j>5 L>
vXli *.i*
; < T;J
oo Lc.
yatagha ghit.
dinle beni.
gheldi.
mtchin.ne-itchin.
Mlmem.
tchapek ghel.
tchok dhurmd.
seni bekleyedjeyim.
yanlechem vdr.
ydnlech ettim.
hdcken vdr.
hdckenez vdr.
~bunu yapdrmecen.
beli yaparem.
yapamdm.
pek eyi.
pek a'ala.
sucamechem.
ddjmecen.
kdrnenezddjme.
othdr. othurun.
buyuritn othurun.
bund ne dersin.
turki licane-nen
sedaee Idlhifdir.
istdmbol-un mev-
kyi'-y gha yet
ghuzeldir.
106
what do you want?
your
what is
desire ?
what will you give
me?
what is that?
is it all right?
it is all right,
what kind of
money have you?
I have english
money,
what do you call
that in Turkish?
whatis the name of
that in Turkish?
what is your name ?
what is the price
of that?
it is six piastres
(one shilling),
it is very dear,
it is very cheap,
it
ne drzularsen.
nedrzuldrsenez.
emriniz nedir.
bdna ne verirsiniz.
bu ne dir.
yolundame. Her
chey yolundame.
yolimda-der.
pek egi.
ne djins dktchen
vdr.
inghiliz pdrdm vdr.
bi~ma tiirktche ne
dersin.
bunun de turktche
ade nedir.
dden nedir.
ddenez nedir.
bunun pdhace
ne-dir. bunun
fiyate kdtchter.
dlte ghuriichtur.
bir chilindir.
pek pahale-der.
pek udjuzdur.
107
I always sell cheap,
how much will you
give?
I will only give you
six pence,
Good day, Sir,
be welcome,
how are you?
are you quite well?
very well (God be
praised) andyou,
how are you?
I hope that you
are well,
Good night,
are you hungry?
I am very hungry.
have you anything
ready for break-
fast?
yes, Sir,
i /
U^ f
wAwCu
'yX-WW
*JU!
w^)
dctima udjiiz
satarem.
nekaddr verirsin.
yalenez iitch.
ghuruch veririm
sana.
sabahiniz khair ola
e fen dim.
khoch gueldiniz
sulthanim.
mizadji cherifiniz
nidje dir.
ke'ifiniz enrni.
chukiir 'ia siz nidje
sintz.
umid ederimki
mizadjiniz
e'iidir, e'iiciniz in
chd'dllah.
giledjeniz khair ola.
karniniz atchmi.
dju'i mufritha
dutchar oldum.
kahve altyie hazir
bir cheiin iokmii.
evel sulthanim.
108
what have you for
dinner ?
what do you wish
for Sir?
can I give you some
roast meat?
what will you take ?
will you have a
little soup ?
bring the fruit,
there is beautiful
fruit!
are you thirsty?
Ishould like to drink
a glass of wine,
I am very thirsty,
give me something
to drink,
bring the wine,
it is excellent,
will you take tea
or coffee?
give me a cup of
coffee,
how do you like the
coffee?
do you not under
stand what I say,
I understand, but
I cannot speak,
wj
jiy
15* r*
20
yX^AAAX) '^*M +*J<G
*j
>*
(L
bAM
iemkde nemiz var.
ne istersiniz
sulthanim.
bir kebabdan vere
im mi.
ne iemek istersiniz.
bir az tchorba
istermiciniz .
zemichi giietirin.
ichte pek guzel
lemich.
sucuz mucunuz.
pek en itcheim bir
kadeh charab.
pek sucuzum.
verin bir az itcheim.
charabi guetir.
pek e'ii dir.
kahve mi istersiniz
tcha'i mi.
bana bir fildjan
kahve veriniz.
nacil bu kahve.
soildiklerimi anla-
mazmiciniz.
anlarim andjak
soiliemem.
109
by and by you will
find it easy,
for the purpose
of learning
Turkish, one
must speak it
continually,
to speak it conti-
nually, one must
know something
of the language,
well or ill al-
ways, speak,
ogrenirsiniz.
turktcJie eiisoilemek
itchin syk syk
soilemekguerek.
syk syk soilemek
itchin Mr az
l)ilmek guerek.
eiifena ddima soile.
PRACTICAL ENGLISH
AND
TURKISH DICTIONARY.
FOB TRAVELLERS.
ENGLISH
TUEKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
Abandon, v. x
brakmak
acquit, v.
fuchsuz
able
kabil, kadir
across
arkuru
abolish
ibtal etmek
action
da'va
abominable
mekruh
active
chabuk
above
jokari .
admiration
te'ajjub
abound
chok olmak
admire, v.
te'ajjub etmek
about
atraf
adorn
zinetlemek
absent
gaib
advance, v.
ileril gelmek
absolutely
mutlak
advantage
fa/ide
absurd
iakeshmaz
adventure
vakia
abundance
kesret
advice ^
' naQihat
abundant
bol, chok
affair
matfahat
abuse
fend 1 adet
afraid, to be
korkmak
accept
kabul etmek
after, p.
gonra
acceptable
makbul
afternoon
ikindi
accompany, v. s
He beraber gitmek
again
jine
accomplice
slierik
against
karshi
according
gore
age
jash
account, v.
hisab etmek
agent
vekil
account
hisab
agree, v.
milttefik olmak
(news)
khabar
agreeable
makbul
accuse, v.
shikajet
aid
imdad
Ill
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TUEKISH
aim, v.
nishan
army
asker
air
hava
around
chevre
alarm
korku
arrange, v.
duzeltmek
alive
diri
arrest
habs
all
hep, jumle
arrival
vugul
alone ^
jaliniz
arrive, v.
gelmek
also
daha
arrow
ok
although x
egerchi
art (science)
Qana^at
always
daima
as
gibi
ambassador
iltchi
ashamed, to be
utanmak
ambition
bujuk milrad
ashes
kill
ambush
pugu
ask, v.
gormak
among
mabein
asleep, to be
ujumak
ancestors
ejdad
ass
eshek
ancient
kadim
assault, s.
bagkin
and
ve
assembly
jem'ijet
angel
melek
B/SSlStij V
imdad etmek
anger
ffhazeb, darghun-
assistance
imdad
lik
astonish, v.
hairan etmek
angry
darghin
astonished
hairan
animal
haivan
attempt, s.
tejrube
another
bir bashka
attempt, v.
tejrube etmek
answer
jevab
attend, v. (serve)
millazemet etmek
* > v.
jevab vermek
attendance
mulazemet
ant s
karinja
attentive (to be)
tekaijud etmek
anxiety
rahatsizlik
authority
kudret
anxious
rahatsiz
autumn
9**
any
hich
awake
oianik
anybody
kimse
awful
beibetli
appear
gorunmek
awkward
meharetsiz
apple
elma
axe
balta
appoint, v.
na$b, etmek
Back, s.
arka
appointment
mangib
back, adv.
giru
approach
jakin gelmek
bad
fena
approve, v.
razi olmak
badness ^
fenalik
arabic <*
arabche
bag
chuval
arm
kol
bake, v.
furunda pishir
arms
silah
mek
112
ENGLISH TURKISH
ENGLISH TURKISH
baker -^ekmekji
ball (cannon) gule
bind, v.
bird
baghlamak
kush
bandage
garghi
birth
doffhma
banish
stirgun etmek
bitter
aji
bank (of a river)
kenar, ark
black
kara
(money)
banka
blacksmith ^
demirji
banker
sarraf
blame
zemm
barber
berber
blind
kior
bare +
r chiplak
blood
kan
bark (of a tree)
kabak
blow, s.
vurush
barley
arpa
to blow, v.
esmek
bath
hammam
blue
mam
bathe, v.
ijkanmak
boar
ydban
battle
jenk
boat
kayk
be, v.
olmak
boatman
kaykji
bear, to, v.
geturmek
body
ten
bear, s.
aiu
boil, v.
kainamak
bearer ^
getilren
bone
kemik
beard
Qakal
book
kitab
beat, v.
vurmak
borrow, v.
b'dunj almak
beautiful
gilzel
both
iki
beauty
guzellik
bottle
shishe
because
chiinki
bottom
dib
become, v.
olmak
box
kutu
bed
doshek
boy
Offhlan
bee
ari
brain
beini
beer
arpa fuju
branch
dal
before
evvel
brass
pirinj
beggar
dilenji
brave
yilrekli
begin, v.
bashlamak
bread
ekmek
believe (v) x
'inanmak
break
kirmak
bell
chan
breakfast
kahvalti
belly
karin
breast
goks
below, pr. s
ashaghi
breath, s.
foluk
bend, v.
eimek
breathe, v.
goluk almak
besides
bashka
to bribe
rishvet vermek
between
ara
bride
gelin
beyond
o bir tarafinda
bridge
kopril
113
ENGLISH TURKISH ENGLISH
TURKISH
bridle ^ bashlik carpet
khali
bright
berrak
carriage
araba
bring, v.
geturmek
to carry
geturmek
broad
enli
cart
yuk arabasi
broom
silpurge
cartridge
fishek
brother
kardash
carve, v.
kesmek
brown
esmer
cat
kedi
bud
Jills
catch, v.
tutmak
brush
fyrcha
cattle
$ygUr
bug
taklita biti
celebrated
meshhur
build, v.
iapmak
ceremony
teklif
bull
buffha
certain
gahih
bullet
kurshun
certainly
shiibhesiz
burn, v.
iakmak
chain
zinjir
burst, v.
patlamak
chair
sandalije
bury, v.
ff'ommek
chamber
oda
business
maglahat
change, v.
deyishilmek
busy
meshghul
chalk
tebeshir
but
amma, lakin
cheap
ujuz
butcher
kassdb
cheat, v.
aldamak
butter
yagh
cheek
janak
buy, v.
satun almak
cheerful
shen
by
ydkin
cheese
peinir
cherry
kiras
Cabbage
laliana
chess
shatranj
cage
kafes
chicken
pilij
calf
dana
chief
bash, reis
camel
deve
child
chodshuk
camp
ordu
chin
chaynai
campaign
sefer
choose, v.
oyuritemek
canal
oluk
circle
dai
candle
mom
city
shehir
cannon
top
civil
edebli
caravan
kiarvan
civility
edeb
care, s.
himmet
clean
temiz
careful
mukaijet
clerk
kiatib
careless
ihmalji
climb, v.
tyrmashmak
carpenter
duller
cloak
binish
Turkish Grammar. 8
114
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TUKK1SH
clock
sd'at
conspiracy
fitne
cloth
choha
consul
konsolos
clothe, v.
geydirmek
consult, v.
naQihat istemek
cloud
bulut
consume, v.
duketmek
coat
setteri
content
khoshnudluk
coal
komur
continue, v.
durmak
coarse
kaba
contradict, v.
karshe soylemek
coffee
kahve
contrary, a
karshe
cock
horos
conversation
soyleshme
cold, ad
souk
cook, v.
fishirmek
cold, s.
soukluk
cook, s.
ashje
college
medrese
cool
gouk
colour
renk
copper
bakur
column
direk
copy, v.
furet almak
comb
tarak
corn
boghdai
come, v.
gelmek
corner
koshe *
comfort
rahatlyk
corpse
jenaze
comfortable
rahat
correct, v.
diizeltmek
command
emr
cost (expense)
deymek
to command, v.
emr etmek
cotton
pambuk, pembe
commerce
alish verish
counsel (advice)
ogut
common
bayaghe
count, v.
Qaymak
comparison
teshbih
cover
ortu
compare, v.
benzetmek
county
vilaiet, memleket
compel, v.
mejbur etmek
courage
yurek
compensation
ivaz, mukidfdt
court (of justice)
mehkeme
complaint
shikdyet
courtesy
chelebilik
complete
temdm etmek
cow
inek
compliment
seldm
cream
kaimak
conceal, v.
gizlemek
creator
yaradeje, khdlik
conclusion
netije
creature
makhluk
condemn
hukm etmek
crime
guch, gundh
condition
shartj hdl
criminal
guchlu
conduct, s.
tavr u hareket
crooked
eyri
conduct, v.
tedbir etmek
crow
qargha
confuse, v.
qareshdermak
crown
tdj
confusion
qaresheklek
cruel
rahmsez
conscious
duymak
cry, s.
chagherte
115
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
cup
filgan, tas
descend
enmek
cure, s.
shifd
desert, v.
brakmak
curtain
perde
desert (wilder-
issir yer
cushion
yagdek
ness)
custom
ddet
deserter
kachken
cut, v.
kesmek
despair
umudsuzluk
cypress
serv
despise
khor gdrmek
destroy
bozmak
Dagger
khancher
dew
chih
daily
her ffunki
diamond
elmds
damage
ziydn
dictionary
loghat Utdbe
damp
nem
die, v.
olmek
dance, v.
khora
difference
fark
danger
mukhatara
difficult
gilch
dark
qaranlek
difficulty
gucUuk
darkness
qaranlek
dig, v.
kazmak
date (time)
tarikh
dinner
oyle ta-dme
date ("fruit)
khurmd
dirty
murdar
daughter
qez, kutz
disease
khastalek
dawn of day
gun agharmase
disguise, v.
tebdil etmek
day
gun
dishonest
erzsez
dead
b'lu
dismiss, v.
kovmak
deaf
gagher
disorder
nizamsezlek
dear (beloved)
sevgili
dispute
chekish
dear (price)
pahdle
dissolve, v.
erimek
death
olum
distance
mesafa
debt
alajak
distant -
irak
deceit
hile
distress
bela
decide
kesmek
district
ndhiye
deed
amel
disturb, v.
kareshtermak
deep
derin
disturbance (riot)
karesheklek
defeat, v.
bozmak
ditch
khandak
defend, v.
hefs etmek
divide, v.
taksim etmek
delay, v.
eylenmek
do, to, v.
etmek
delightful
gafale
doctor
hekim
demand
sudl
dog
kopek
denial
inkidr
door
kapu
depth
derinlik
doubt
shubhe
8*
116
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
doubtless
shiibhesiz
elegant
latif
down
ashaghe
elephant
fil
draw
chekmek
eloquent
fagili
drawers
ish donu
embrace
kujmak
dream, s.
diish
embroidery
nakesh
dress, s.
esvab
Emperor
imperator
drink, v.
ichmek
employment
ish
s -
ichki
empty
bosh
drop, s.
damla
encamp
ordu kurmak
drown, v.
boghmak
end
$on, akher
drum
tall
i endeavour
jalid
drunk
serkhosh
endless
nihayetsiz
dry
kuru
enemy
dilshmen
dumb
dilsiz
energy
kuvvet
durable
dayarakle
England
ingilterra
during
vaktenda
English
ingiliz
dust
toz
language
ingilizche
duty
hack
enormous
oransez
duty (tax)
gumruk
enough
yetishir
dye, s.
boya
enter, v.
ffdrmek
dynasty
dl
envy
hased
equal
beraben
Each
her
error
khata
eagle
kartal
escape, s.
nejdt
ear
kulak
escort
kulaghuzlar
early
chabuk
especially
WlllQUQd
earnest
bejid
establish
dikmek
earth
yer, zemin
eternal
ebedi
easily
kolay
Eunuch
khddem
East
gun doffhusu
Europe
evropa
easy
kolay
european
evropale
eat, v.
yemek
even (adj.)
duz
edge (of a sword)
yalem
evening
akhsham
edge (side)
etek
event
majard
egg
yumurta
ever (alway)
dayma
Egypt
mifir
every ,
her
either
birisi
evidence
shehadet
elbow
dirsek
evident
zahir
117
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
examine
imtihan
fast (firm)
berk
examination
imtihan
fat
semiz
example
ornek
fate
takdir
except
ghayri
father
baba, peder
excessive
olchusuz
fatigue
yorghunluk
exchange, v.
deyishtirmek
fault
kabahat
n > S.
deyish
favour
utufet, kerem
excuse
uzur
fear, s.
korku
execution
ijra
fear, v.
korkmak
expense
magraf
feast
shenlik
experience
tejrube
feather
tuy
N experiment
imtihan
feed
beslemek
explain
beyan etmek
female
avret
extinguish
soyundilrmek
ferry
gechid
extract
kulaga
fertile
mafhullu
extraordinary
adetden dashra
festival
shenlik
extremely
gJiayet
fever
isitma
eye
goz
few
az
eye (of a needle)
yurdu
fidelity
vefa
eye-ball
bebek
field
tarla
eye-brow
hash
%
injir
eye-lash
kirpik
fight, v.
jenk etmek
fight, s.
doyush
Face, s.
yuz
fill, v.
doldurmak
faith
itiqad
filth
murdarlek
faithful
vefaddr
final
akhyr
fall, v.
dilshmek
find
bulmak
false
doghru deyil
fine (delicate)
inje
fame
ad, nam
(penalty)
jerime
family
ayal
finger
parmak
famine
ketlek
finish
bitirmek
fan
yelpaze
fire
atesh
far
uzdk
firm
berk
farewell
Allalia egmarla-
first
evvel
dek
fish
balek
fast (abstinence
oruj tutmak
fisherman
kalekche
from food)
fist
ffumruk
fast (quick)
chabuk
fix, v.
dimek
118
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
flag
bayrak
fraud
hile
flat
duz
free
azad
flesh
et
freedom
azadlik
flint
chakmak tashy
frequently
chok
float, v.
yuzmek
fresh
taze
flood
$u tashmasy
friend
dost
floor
dosheme
friendly
dostlu
flour
un
frighten, v.
korkutmak
flow, v.
akmak
frog
kurbaffha
flower
chichek
front
onn
flute
dudiik
frontier
serhadd
fly, v.
uchmak
fruit
yemish
8.
sinek
full
dolu
foam
kb'puk
furious
kuduz
fodder
otluk
furnace
furun
follow, v.
ardyna gitmek
furniture
ev takimi
food
yeyejek, ta'am
future
gelejek
fool
ahmak
foolish
ahmak
Gain
kazanj
foot
aiak
gamble
oynamak
for
ichiin
game
oyun
forbid
yagak
garden
baghche, bostan
ford
gechid
gardener
baghchevan
forehead
aryn
garland
istifan
foreign
ejnebi
garlic
garlmsak
a foreigner
gharib
garrison
muhqfiz asker
forest
ormanlik
gate ..
kapu
forge, v. (iron)
chekijlemek
gay
shen
forget, v.
onutmak
General
jeneral
forgive, v.
baghyshlamak
generally
ekseri
fort
kal'a
generous
jb'merd
fortress
kal'a
gentle
yavash
fortunate
bakhtli
Gentleman
effendi
fortune
bakhtli
gift
ata
foundation
temel
girl
kiz, bikr
fountain
bunjar
give, v.
vermek
fowl
tavuk
glad
shen, shad
fox
dilki
glass
jam
119
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
glory
nam
gun
tufenk
glove
eldiven
gun (cannon)
top
glue
tutkal
gunpowder
barut
gnat
sivri sinek
go, v.
ffitmek
Habit (custom)
adet
goat
kechi
habit (dress)
esvab
gold
altun
hail
tulu
good
eiii
hair
satch -
goose
kaz
half
yarim
govern
zabt etmek
hall
buyuk divankhane
Government
devlet
hammer
chekij
graceful
latif
hand
el
gradually
dereje He
handful
avuj, tutam
grain
bughday
handkerchief
makrama
granary
ambar
handsome
guzel
grand-father
dede
hang (up)
agmak
grand-mother
nene
happen
zuhur etmek
grand-daughter
kys torun
happy
seadetli, mutlu
grape
uzum
hard
kati
grass
ot
hare
tavshan
grateful
eyilik bilen
harvest
harman
gratis
muft
hasten, v.
ajele etmek
grave, s.
mezar, kabr
hastily
ajele ile
graze
otlamak
hat
shapka
great
buyuk
hate, v.
sevmemek
green
yeshil
hawk '
atmaja
grief
kacavat
he
ol
grind, v.
uyutmek
head
bash
groom
seyis
heal
shifa vermek
ground
yer; toprak
heap, s.
yighin
grow, v.
bitmek
hear
ishitmek
guess, v.
takhmin etmek
heart
gb'nul
guide, v.
kulaghuzluk et-
heat
issijaklik
mek
heaven
gokler
guide, (runner)
kulaghuz
heavy
aghir
guilt
guch
heel, s.
okche
guitar
tambura
height
yukseklik
gum
gamk
heir
varis
120
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TUKKISH
Hell
jehennem
humanity
insaniyet
helm
dilmen
hunger
ajlik
help
imdad
hungry
aj
hemp
kenevir
hunt, v.
avlamak
hence
bundan
hunter
avji
herd
suru
hurt
yaralamak
hire
kira
husband
koja
hide, v.
gizlemek
hide, B.
deri
Ice
buz
hideous
pek chirkin
idea
teQavvur
high
yuksek
idle
tembel
Highness
hazret
if
eger
hill
dagh
ignorant
bilmez
history
tarlkh
ill (sick)
hasta
hold, v.
tutmak
illegal
shar'a
hole
delik
image
Quret
hollow
kovuk
imagination
kliayal
holy
pak
imitate
uymak
honest
doghru
immediately
fil-hal
honey
bal
immortal
olmez
honour
itibar
impatience
fabersezlik
hoof
tirnak
impertinence
kustakhlik
hook
chengel
important
milhimm
hope, s.
umid
impossible
mumkin deyil
hopeless
umudsuz
imprison
hobs etmek
horn
buynuz
improper
milnasib deyil
horse
at
imprudent
akelsiz
horse-shoe
na'l
in
de, da
horseman
atli
inclination
meyl
hospitality
konukluk
imcome
irad
host
muzif
increase
artmak
hot
issijak
incurable
shifa olmaz
hotel
meykhane
indeed
fil-liakika
hour
scCat
India
Hindustan
house, v.
ev
Indian
hindustanli
how
nagyl
indigo
chivid
how much
ne kadar
individual
kishi
human
imam
indolent
kayghesiz
121
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
industrious
chalyshkan
island
ada
industry
hilner
it
ol, o
inferior
ashaghi
itch
uyuz
infidel
kiafir
ivory
fil dishi
infinite
nihayetsiz
ivy
garmashik
inform, v.
khabar vermek
inhabitant
oturan
Jail
zindan
ink
murekkeb
jar
kop
inkstand
divid
jealous
kezkanji
inn
loqanta
jealousy
kezkanjlik
innocent
gilnahsiz
jelly
pukhti
inquire
teftish etmek
jest
latife
insane
divane
jew
yahudi
inscription
yazi
jewel
jevahir
insert
gokmak
join, v.
yapeshdirmak
insensible
duymaz
joint
milshterek
insolence
yuzsuzluk
journey
yol, sefer
insolent
yuzsuz
joy
shenlik
inspector
nazir
judge
hakim
instantly
filhal
judical
sheri
instead of
yer-de
jugglar
hokkabaz
instinct
tabiat
juice
gu
instrument
alet
jump, v.
gyrchramdk
insult, v.
sitem etmek
just
doffhru
insurrection
zorbalik
justice
doghruluk
intelligent
akelli
intention
murad
Keep
gaklamak
interpreter
terjilman
kernel
chekirdek
interrupt, s.
kesmek
kettle
tenjire
interval
mdbeyn
key
anakhtar
intrenchment
meteris
kick
tepme
intrigue (plot)
girishijilik
kid
oghlak
investigate
teftish
kiU
oldurmek
invisible
gorunmez
kind, adj.
eyi
invite, v.
davet etmek
kind, sort.
nevi
inundation
tashkynlik
king
padishah
iron
demir
kingdom
memleket
irregular
yolsuz
kiss, v.
b'pmek
122
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH TURKISH
kitchen
mutvak
leg bajak, baldir
knave
haramzade
legal
sheri
knee
diz
leisure
vakit
knife
bychak
lemon
limun
knot
duyum
lend, v.
ayreti vermek
know, v.
bilmek
length
uzunluk
leper
judam
Labour
zahmet
leprosy
judamlik
lace
kaytan
less
daha az
ladder
nerduban
letter (epistle)
mektub
lady
khanum, kadin
letter (alphabet)
harf
lake
gol
level
duzlik
lamb
kuzu
to tell lies
yalan soylemek
lame
topal
to lie down
yatmak
lamp
chyragh
liberty
azadlik
lancet
neshter
library
kitab-khane
land
yer, toprak
lie, s.
yalan
land, v.
gemiden chekmak
life
'eumr
language
dil, lisan
lift
kaldyrmak
lantern
fener
light
aidinlik
large
buyiik
lightning
shimshek
lark
chayr
like, to be
benzemek
last
gon
lime
kirej
late
gech
line
chizi
laugh
gulmek
lion
arslan
law
sheriat
HP
dudakb
lawful
Tialal
listen
dinlemek
lazy
tembel
little
kucMk
lead (guide)
kulaglmzluk et-
live, v.
yashamak
mek
liver
kara jiyer
leaf
yaprak
lizard
keler
lean
aryk
load, v.
yukletmek
to lean against
dayanmak
load (a gun)
doldurmak
learn
b'yrenmek
lock, s.
kilid
leather
meshin
lock (of hair)
zillf
leave, v.
brakmak
lock (of a gun)
chekrik
leech
sulilk
lock, v.
kilidlemek
left
gol
locust
chekirqe
123
ENGLISH TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
long
uzun
marrow
ilik
look
nazar
marry, v.
evlenmek
looking-glass
ayne
mast
direk
loose, a
gevshek
master
effendi, agha
Lord (God)
Allah
mat
hagir
lose
ghayb etmek
mattress
minder
loss
zarar
me
beni
love, s.
muhabbet
meaning
mana
love, v.
sevmek
means
chare, mal
low
alchak
measure
olchu
lucky
bakhtli
measure, v.
olchmek
luck
bakht
meat
et
lungs
jan evi
medical man.
hekim
luxury
israf
meet, v.
kavushmak
melon (musk)
kavun
Machine
alat
melon (water)
karpuz
mad
deli
melt
erimek
magazine
ambar
memorandum
kayme
magistrate
hakim
memory
zikr
magic
scherbazlik
mend
meremmet
magnificent
azametli
mention, v.
zikr etmek
Majesty
shevket
merchandise
meta
make
etmek
merchant
tujjar
male
erkek
mercy
merhamet
malice
kemlik
merry
shen
man
adem
method
UQUl
manage
idare etmek
middle
orta
mane
yeli
milk
sud
manliness
muruvvet
mill
deyirmen
manner
vejh
mind
ruh, firaset
many
chok
mine (metals)
madern
how many?
kach
mirror
ayne
map
kharta
mischief
fenalik
marble
mermer
miser
tamakiar
mare
kesrak
miserable
zevalli
mark
nishan
misfortune
bela
market
pazar
mist
duman
marriage
nikyah
mistake
yanlish
124
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
mix, v.
kareshdermak
Nail (finger)
ternak
model
b'rnek
nail (iron)
enser
modest
edebli
naked
cheplak
moist
nemli
name
isim
moment
dem
narrow
dar
money
para
nation
millet
month
aee
native place
doghdughum yer
moon
aee
nature
tabiat
moonlight
mahitab
nature (disposi-
mizaj
more
dalii
tion)
morning
sabah
near
yakin
morrow
erte
necessary
gerek
mortar
havan
neck
boyun
mortar (plaster)
khorasan
necklace
gerlanlik
mosque
jami
needle
iyne
moth
guve
neglect
ihmal
mother
ana, valide
neigh
kishnemek
mother-in-law
kayin ana
neighbour
komshu
move, v.
teprenmek
neither
ne birisi
mount, v.
chykmak
nephew
kardash oghlu
mountain
dagh
nest
yuva
mourn
yas tutmak
net
agh
mouse
sechan
never
hich
mouth
aghiz
nevertheless
hele, lakin
much
chok
new
yeni
mud
chamur
news
khabar
mule
katir
next
gelen
mushroom
mantar
night
gedje
murder
katt
no
khayr, yok
music
musika
noble
sherif
musician
chalghiji
nobleman
sherif
musk
misk
nobody
kimse yok
musket
tufenk
noise
shamata
mustard
khardel
nonsense
bosh
mutiny
zorbalik
none
hich yok
mutton
koyun eti
north
shimal
my
benim
nose
borun
nostril
burun adiyi
125
ENGLISH
TUKKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
not
deyil
opium
afiyun
nothing
hich bir shey
opportunity
forgat
notwithstanding
raghm, nisbet
oppose, v.
karshi durmak
nourish
beslemek
opposite
karshu
now
shimdi
or
ya
nowhere
hich bir yerde
orange
portukal
nuisance
zararli shey
order (arrange-
kanun
number
raqam
ment)
numerous
jerf
order (command)
emr
nurse
daye
origin
agil
nut
fendik
ornament
zinet
nut (walunt)
jeviz
other
bashka
nutmeg
hindistan jevizi
the other
o bir
out
dashra
Oar
kurek
oven
furun
oath
yemin
over
ust
obedience
ita'at
owe, v.
borjlu olmak
obedient
muti
owl
baykush
obey, v.
ita'at etmek
own (possess)
malik olmak
obstinate
inadji
ox
okuz
obtain
almak
occasionally
furgat He
Page (of a book)
gahife
occupation
ish
page (in waiting)
ich oghlani
offend, v.
injitmek
pain
aghri
offer, v.
gunmak
paint
boya
office
mangib
pair
chift
officer
zabit
palace
serai
often
chok vakit
palanquin
takhti revan
oil
yagJi
pale
gary
old
eski
palm tree
khurma aghaji
old (age)
ikhtiyarlik
pan
tava
olive
zeytun
paper
kiaghid
once
bir kerre
pardon
'afv
one
bir
parents
ana baba
onion
goghan
parrot
tutu
only
bir, tek
part
pay, parcha
open, v.
achmak
partner
sherik
opinion
keias zan
partridge
keklik
126
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH TURKISH
pass, v.
ffechmek
pipe (tube)
Ma
patience
gabr
pipe (for water) kilnk
patient
gdbyrli
pipe (for tabacco)
chibuk
pattern
ornek
pirate
kurgan
pay, v.
b'demek
pistol
tabanja
peace
gulh
pitch
zift
peacock
tavus
pity
merhamet
pear
ermud
place
yer
pearl
inju
plain (even)
dilz
pleasant
kyoylu
plait, v.
bukmek
pen
kalem
plane, v. (a tool)
rendelemek
penknife
kalem-trash
plant
nebat
people
khalk
play
oyun
pepper
biber
play (an instru-
chalmak
perfume
guzel koku
ment)
perhaps
belkih
pleasant
khosh
perish
helak olmak
plenty
kesret
permission
izin
plough
fapan
Persia
ajem
plunder
yaghma
Persian
farisi
poetry
sha'irlik
person
zat, kishi
poet
slia'ir
perspiration
terleme, ter
point
uj
petition
arzu-hal
poison
zehir
pewter
kalay
police
ihtisab
pheasant
suylun
polish, v.
jila
philosopher
feylisuf
polite
chelebi
pickaxe
- killunk
pomegranate
nar
picture
tapvir
pond
gol
piece
parcha
pony
kuchiik at
Pig
domuz
poor
fakir
pigeon
guverjin
poppy
khashkhash
pilgrim
haji
pork
domuz eti
pill
habb
porter (carrier)
hammal
pillage
yaghma
porter (door-
kapuju
pillar
direk
keeper)
pillow
yagdik
portmanteau
jamedan
pin
toplu iyne
possible
mumkin
pincers
kegaj
post (for letters)
posta
127
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TUBKISH
posthouse
menzil-khane
protect
himayet etmek
pot
chomlek, kab
proud
maghrur
potatoe
yer elmasi
prove
isbat etmek
pound, to
ezmek
proverb
masal
poverty
fakirlik
province
eyalet
pour, v.
dokmek
province (office)
ish
powder
toz
provision
tedarik
powder (gunpow-
barut
prudence
ihtiyat
der)
prudent
hushyar
power
kudret
publish, v.
ayan
powerful
kudretli
pull, v.
chekmek
practise
istimal
pump
tulumba
praise
medh
punish
hackindan gel-
praise, v.
medh etmek
mek
prayer
dua, namaz
pupil
shagird
pray, v.
dua etmek
pure
temiz
prefer
terjih etmek
purse
kise
present (adj.)
hazir
purposely
kagden
present (gift)
hediye
pursue
ardynje gitmek
pretty
guzel
push
itmek
prey
yaghma
put, v.
komak
pride
maghruriyet
put, on
geymek
Priest
Prince
papaz
bey
Quadruped
dort- aydkli hai
vein
Prince (royal)
Princess
shah zade
shah-zade
quail
quantity
bildirjyn
mikdar
prison
habs, zindan
quarrel
chekish
prisoner
private
probably
proclamation
produce
profession
profit
esir
khass
ghaliba
nida
peyda-etmek
ish
fayda
quarter (one-
fourth)
quarter (in battle)
quarter(of a town)
Queen
question
quick
cheyrek
aman
mahatt
kyralicha
sual
chabuk
promise
proof
va'd, voz
delil
quite
temam
proper
miinasib
Radish
turp
Prophet
peyghamber
rag
pachavra
128
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TUEKISH
rain
yaghmur
relation (family)
akreba
rainbow
ileyim gaghma
release
khalag
rainy
yaghmurlu
relieve
imdad vermek
raise
kaldirmak
religion
din
raisins
kuru uzum
remain
kalmak
rank
rutbe
remedy
ilaj
ransom
kurtulma behasi
remember
akla
rapid
pek chabuk
remind
akla
rare
nadir
remove
geturmek
rascal
haramzade
repair
meremmet
rash
fikirsiz
repeat
tekrar demek
rat
ffeme sichani
report
chav
ratify
karar vermek
reproach
azar
raw
pishmemish
repulse, v.
def etmek
ray
pertev
request
rija
razor
ustura
reservoir
havuz
read
okumak
resign
vaz gechmek
ready
hazir
resist
karshi durmak
real
hakiki
revolution
niyet
reap
ekin bichmek
respect
hilrmet
rear
ard
rest
rahat
reason
akil
rest, v.
rahat etmek
receipt
VUQUl
result
netije
receive
kabul etmek
retreat
girii donme
recently
yeni
return
giril donmek
recollect
akla
revenge
oj
recompense
ejir
revenue
irad
record
defter
revolt, v.
zorba olmak
recover (illness)
shifta bulma
reward
ejir
red
kyrmizi
rheumatism
vejtii mefagil
reed
kamish
rib
eye gemii
reflection
'aks
ribbon
sherid
refresh oneself
tazelenmek
rice
pirinj
refuse
inkiar
rich
zengin
regulation
nizam
to ride
ata binmek
rein
dizgin
ridicule
istihza
rejoice
pek sevinmek
right (not wrong)
gerchek
relation
'alaka
right (hand)
gagh
129
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ring
yuzuk
saltpetre
guvenchile
riot
kavgha
salute
selam
ripe
yetishmish
salvation
selamet
rise, v.
kalkmak
salve
melhem
river
nehr
same
heman, o
road
yol
sample
ornek
roast
kebab etmek
sand
kum
rob
chalmak
savage, a
yabani
robber
harami
save
kurtarmak
robbery
haramilik
say
demek
rock
kaysa
scabbard
kin
roof
dam
scale (balance)
terazinin gozu
room
yer, oda
scale (of a fish)
balik pulu
root
kok
scar
bere
rope
ip, urghan
scarce
nadir
rose
guiul
scarcely
guch He
rot
chiirukluk
scarcity
nadirlik
rotten
churuk
scarlet
iskerlet
rough
taslak
to scatter"
daghitmak
round
deyirmi
scholar
okur yazar
rub
ovmak
school
mekteb
ruby
Wai
schoolmaster
mektebji
rude
sert
science
'Urn
ruin
kharab
scissors
micras
run
eyirtmek
scorpion
'akreb
rust
pas
scull
bash changhi
sea
deniz
Sabre
kilij
the Black-sea
kara deniz
sacred
mukaddes
seal
muhur
saddle
eyer
sealing-wax
mum
safe
gagh
search
aramaklik
safety
selamet
season
mevsim
sagacity
firaset
second
ikinji
sailor
gemiji
secret
sirr
salary
hack
sect
mezheb
sale
gatish
see, v.
gormek
sale (by auction)
mezad
seed
tokhum dane
salt
tuz
seek
aramak
Turkish Grammar. 9
130
ENGLISH
TUKKISH
ENGLISH
TUKKISH
seldom
nadir
shot (small)
$achma
self
kendi
shot (bullets)
kurshun
to sell
$atmak
shoulder
omuz
send, v.
gondermek
show, v.
gostermek
sentence
jumle
shut, v.
kapamak
sense
hasse
sick
hasta
sentinel
karavul
sickle
orak
separate, v.
ayrilmish
sickness
hastalik
seraglio
serayi Jmmayun
side
yan
serpent
yilan
sieve
kalbur
servant
khizmetkiar
sight
gorush
service
khizmet
sign
nishan
settlement
kesilme
signal
nisJian
several
bir kach
signature
imza
severe
sert
silent
sus
sew, v.
dikmek
silk
ipek
shade
golge
silk (worm)
ipek bojeyi
shadow
golge
silver
giimiish
shake, v.
fargak
sin
ffilnah
shame
ar
since
beri
shape
sliekl
sincere
gaf-derun
sharpen
bilemek
sing, v.
turkii chagirmak
shave, v.
trash etmek
sink, v.
batmak
sheath
kin
syrup
shiirub
shed, v.
db'kmek
sister
kilz-kardash
sheep
koyun
sit, v.
oturmak
sheet
charchav
size
Uiyukluk
shell (bomb)
kumbara
skilful
ma'rifetti
shepherd
choban
skill
ma'rifet
shield
kalkan
skin
deri
shine, v.
parlamak
sky
geeuk
ship
gemi >
slander
buhtan
shirt
chamashir
slave
esir
shoe
pabuj
sleep, v.
uyumak
shoot, v.
atmak
sleep, s.
uyuku
shop
dukkyan
sleepy
uyushuk
shopkeeper
dukkyanji
slender
inje
short
kycca
slice
dilim
131
ENGLISH
TUKKISH
ENGLISH
TUKKISH
sling
gapan
to speak
soylemek
slovenly
murdar
spear
myzrak
slow
aghir
spectacles
gozluk
small
kiichuk
spend, v.
Qarf etmek
smoke
tutun
spice
bahar
to smoke a pipe
tutun ichmek
spider
orumjek
smooth
duz
spin, v.
eyirmek
snake
yilan
spit, v.
shish
sneeze, v.
aksirmak
split, v.
yarmdk
snipe
yelve kushu
spoil, v.
bozmak
snuff
enfiyye
spoon
kashik
so
oyle
spot
leke
so much
o kadar
spring (season)
evvel behdr
soap
$abun
spring (of steel)
zemberek
society
jem'iyyet
spring (water)
bunar
soft
yumushak
sprinkle, v.
serpmek
soldier
askeri
spur
mahmuz
solid
kati
spy
jasus
some .
bir
squadron (ca-
boliik
somebody
bir kimse
valry)
sometimes
bazi vakit
squadron (fleet)
donanma taksimi
somewhere
bir yerde
square, a.
dort-koshe
son
oghl
squirrel
teyyun
son-in-law
damad
stable
akhor
song
turku
staircase
nerduban
sorrow
kasavet
stand, v.
durmak
sorry
mukedder
star
yildiz
sort (kind)
turlu
starch
ak nyshasta
soul
djan
start, v.
chykmak
sound
$eda
station
menzil
soup
chorba
station (rank)
mertebe
sour
ekshi
steady
paydar
source
bunar
steal, v.
chalmak
south
kyUa
steel, s.
chelik
sow, to
ekin ekmek
steam
bukhar
spare aralik
steep
Carp
spade bel
step
kademe
spark kigliiljym
still
rahat
9*
132
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
sting, v.
$okmak
surround, v.
cheveye almak
stirrup
uzengi
suspicion
ishkil
stock (capital)
sermaye
swear
yemin etmek
stock (gun)
kudak
sweep, v.
supilrmek
stockings
chorab
sweet
tatli
stone
task
sweetmeats
shekerleme
stop, v.
durmak
swell, v.
kabarmak
storm
furtuna
swift
chabuk
story
Jiykyayet
swim
yuzmek
straight
doghru
swing, v.
gallamak
stranger
ffharib
sword
kilidj
straw
faman
street
sokak
Table
tyrabeze
strength
kuvvet
tail
kuyruk
stretch, v.
germek
tailor
terzi
strew
gachmak
take, v.
almak
strong
kuvvetly
take care
dykkat etmek
stupid
akylsyz
talk, v.
lakyrdi etmek
success
rast gelme
tall
uzun boylu
successor
khalif
tank
havuz
such
boyle
taste
dat
sudden
ansiz
to taste
dadmak
suffer, v.
chekmek
tax
vergi
sufficient
yetisMr
tea
chay
sugar
sheker
teach, v.
oyretmek
sugar (candy)
nebat shekeri
tear, v.
yiratmak
suit (at law)
dava
tear
goz yashi
summer
iats
telescope
dilrbin
summit
bash
to teU
demek
summons
cliaghyrma
temper
mizaj
sun
gilnesh
temperate
itidally
sunshine
gunesh aydinlighi
temple
ibadet-gyah
superfluous
artyklama
temptation
ighva
superintendent
nazir
tenant
kirajy
supper
akhsham manjasi
tent
chadyr
support, v.
dayatmak
terrible
korkulu
surprise
te'ajjub '
thank
shukilr
surrender, v.
teslim etmek
thankful
teshekhiir etmek
133
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
then
o vakyt
together
beraber
there
orada
tomb
mezar
therefore
onun ichun
to-morrow
yaryn
these
bunlar
tongue
dil
they
anlar
too
daha
thick
koyu
tool
alat
thief
khyrsyz
tooth
dish
thigh
bajak
top
bash
thin
inje
torch
mash : ala
thing
shey, nesne
torment
azab
think
fikir etmek
torrent
seyl
thirsty
gusuz
tortoise
kaplumbagha
thorn
diken
torture
ishkenje
those
anlar
to touch
dokanmak
thou
sen
to tow
yedeye
thought
fikir
towards
doghru
thoughtless
fikirsiz
towel
peshkir
thread
iplik
tower
kulle
threaten, v.
korkutmak
town
shehir
throat
boghaz
trade
tijaret
throne
katy
traitor
khayn
throw, v.
atmak
to translate
terjume etmek
thumb
bash parmak
translation
terjume
thunder
gyok gurlemesi
translator
terjume eden
thus
dyle
trap
duzak
thy
senin
travelling
yoljuluk
to tie
baghlamak
to travel
sefer, yol
tiger
kaplan
tray
Qahan
tight
dar
treachery
khyyanet
tile
kiremit
treasury
beylik
till
kadar
treaty
'ahd
time
vakit, vakt
tree
aghaj
tin
kalay
to tremble
titremek
tired
yorulmak
trial
imtihan
title
lakab, paye
tribe
kabile
to toast
kyzartmak
trick
fenn
tobacco
tutun
troop
jema'at
to-day
bu gun
to trot
linklemek
134
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
trouble
zahmet
upon
uzre
trowsers
pantalon
upright
doghru
true
gerchek
uproar
shamata
trumpet
boru
us (to us)
bizi, bize
trunk (box)
candyk
use, v.
kullanmak
trunk (tree)
kutuk
useful
faydaly
trust, v.
itimad etmek
useless
faydasyz
trustee
vekil
usual
adeta
truth
gercheklik
to try (endeavour)
chalyshmak
Vagabond
khovarda
to try (investigate)
imtihan etmek
vain maghrur
tulip
laleh
valley
dere
tumult
shamata
valuable
kimetly
turban
Qaryk
value
kimet
tune
naghme
various
tllrlu turlu
the Turk
turk, osmanli,
vast
engin
milsliman
veal
dana eti
Turkey
tiirkistan
veil
nikab
Turkey in Europe
rum Hi
vein
damar
turkish
osmanli, turk
velvet
kadi/e
turkish language
tilrkje
venerable
izzetly
turnip
shalgham
vermin
bojekler
to twist
bukmek
verse (poetry)
beyt
tyrant
zalim
very
pek
to vex
injitmek
Ugly
chirkin
victorious
ghalib
umbrella
shemsiyye
victory
zefer
unanimous
yekjihet
vile
alchak
uncle (paternal)
amdja
village
kyoy
uncle (maternal)
dayy
vinegar
sirke
under
alt
vineyard
bagh
to understand
anlamak
violence
zor
uneasy
rahatsyz
virgin
bikir
unfortunate
oghursuz
virtue
fazilet
unjust
adaletsiz
virtuous
ehli fazilet
unless
gelmezse
visible
goruniir
until
kadar
visit
ziyaret
up
yokary
voice
sess
135
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
volley
atma
welcome
khosh geldin
volume
jild
well (good)
eyi
vulgar
kaba
a well (water)
koyn
vulture
ok baba
west
gun batysy
wet
yglak
Wager
bahs
what
ne
waist-coat
yelek
wheat
bughday
to wait
beklemek
wheel
teker
to wake
oyanmak
when
ne, vakyt
to walk
yurumek
whence
nereden
wall
duvar
where
nerede
wander, v.
gezmek
which
ne, hanghi
to want
ihtiyajym var
while
dem
war
jenk, sefer
whip
kamchy
warm
ysajak
to whisper
fiQildamak
wash, v.
yykamak
white
beyaz
wasp
yaban orysy
who (rel.)
kih
to waste
kharab etmek
who (interr.)
kim
watch (time piece)
sd'at
whole
butun
watch (milit.)
neubet
whose
kimin
watch-horse
bekjy-khanesi
why
nichun
to keep watch
dykkat etmek
wide
inlu
watchman
neubetjy
widow
dul kary
water
su
wife
kary, ehl
wave
dalglia
wild
yabani
wax
bal mumu
to win
ele geturmek
way (road)
yoi
wind
ruzgiiiar
we
biz
window
penjere
weak
za'if
wine
sherab
wealth
mal
wing
kanad
weary
yorghun
winter
kish
weather
havah
to wipe
silmek
weave, v.
dokumdk
wire
tel
wedding
duyun
wisdom
akillilik
week
hafta
wise
akilli
to weep
aglilamak
to wish
arzulamak
weigh, v.
tartmak
wish, s.
milrad
weight
tarty
with
He
136
ENGLISH
TURKISH
ENGLISH
TURKISH
within
ichinde
writer
yazyji
without (outside)
dashra
wrong
Jefa
without (wanting)
siz
witness
shahid
Yard (court)
avlu
wolf
kurd
yard (measure)
ingiliz endaze
woman
kari
year
sene, yyl
wonderful
ajib
yearly
her yyl
wood (timber)
odun
yellow
$ary
wood (forest)
orman
yes
evet
wool
yun
yesterday
dun
woollen
yunden
yet
ddka, hele
word
soz
yoke
boyunduruk
work
ish
you
siz
workman
ishjy
young
genj
world
dunyah
your
sizin
worm
kurd
youth
ffenjlik
worth
kimet
to be worth
deymek
Zeal
ghayret
wound
yara
zealous
ghayretli
wrist
bilek
zephyr
badi gaba
to write ^
yazmak
zinc
tutiya
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LEIPZIG, PRINTED BY W. DBUGULIN.
LIST OF
TURKISH-ARABIC-PERSIAN.
and other Oriental Grammars, Dictionaries and Dialogues
on Sale or published by
M" FRANZ THIMM
European and Oriental Bookseller wud Publisher
24 Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, London,
BOOKS IN ALL THE LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD.
Turkish Language.
REDHOUSE'S Turkish and English and English and Turkish
Dictionary. 80. 1857 1 10
BIANCHI ET KIEFER, Dictionnaire Turc francos et
francos Turc. 4 Vols. 80 6 10
SAUERWEIN, pocket Dictionary of the English and
Turkish languages (in english characters). 5
ABU-SAID, Turkish Self taught, being a practical and easy
method of learning the Turkish Language. 8. 1877. .050
TURKISH -RUSSIAN -FRENCH AND ENGLISH, Voca-
bulary for Travellers in the East 2 6
Arabic Language.
ARABIC SELF TAUGHT, being a practical and easy method
of learning the Arabic Language, (in the press.)
CATAFAGO, Arabic English and English and Arabic.
Dictionary. 2 Vol. 8<> 220
NEWMAN'S Handbook of Modern Arabic. 80 060
Persian Language.
FORBES, Grammar of the Persian Language. 1861. ... 12 6
PALMER, Concise Dictionary of the Persian Language. . 10 6
Hindustani Language.
HINDUSTANI SELF TAUGHT (in the press.)
DOWSON'S Hindustani Grammar. 1872 10 6
FORBES, Hindustani and English Dictionary. Roy. 8. . . 2 12 6
Singalese-Tamil-Telugu and Malay Languages.
SANGARABA. A Grammar of the Singalese Language. 1852. 200
RHENIUS, A Grammar of the Tamil language. 1876. . . 10 6
ARDEN'S progressive Grammar of the Telugu language. 1874. 14
MARSDEN'S Grammar of the Malayan language. 4. 1812. 15
Chinese Language.
SUMMER'S Rudements of the Chinese Language. 120. 1864. 076
STENT, A Chinese and English Pocket Dictionary 10 6
DOUGLAS, the language and literature of China 050
Japanese Language.
ASHTON, Grammar of the Japanese spoken language. . . 12
SATOWS English and Japanese Dictionary. 1876 12
Sanscrit Language.
BALLANTYNE, First lessons in Sanscrit Grammar. ... 040
BENFEY, Grammar of the Sanscrit language 10 6
COWELL'S Short Introduction to Prakrit 036
SCHLEICHER. Comparative Grammar of the Indo Euro-
pean, Sanscrit, Greek and Italian Languages, part. I. . 7 6
Coptic Language.
MC. DONALD'S Coptic Grammar for self-tution. ..... 3 6
Egyptian Language.
BRUGSCH, Grammaire hieroglyphique, 1872. ...... 1 5
PAGE RENOUF. An Elementary Grammar of the ancient
Egyptian language in the hieroglyphic Type. 4. ... 7 6
Cuneiform.
OPPERT, Elements de la Grammaire assyrienne. 2. Ed, 1868. 050
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